גGimmel, the third letter of the Alphabet. It interchanges with כ and ק; cmp. גשרא a. כשורא; גזז a. קצץ &c.; is related to ח, as גבב, חבב; v. letter ח. ↗ expanded
ג ² prosthetic in foreign words before l, v. גלגטיקא, גלוסקא.↗ expanded
גֵּאֶהpreced.) lofty; ruler, lord; proud, haughty. Pes. 113ᵇ דל ג׳ a proud pauper.—Pl. גֵּאִים, גֵּיאִים. Gen. R. s. 63 (ref. to גיים, Gen. XXV, 23) שני גֵיאֵי גוים וכ׳ two rulers of nations (Rome and Israel); Ber. 57ᵇ; Ab. Zar. 11ᵃ אל תקרי גוים אלא גֵּיִים read the word גיים not goyim (as the Masorah intimates) but geyim (lords); (Ms. M. a. Yalk. Gen. 110 גֵּאִים). Sifra B’ḥuck. Par. 2, ch. V (ref. to Lev. XXVI, 19) אלו הג׳ וכ׳ the ‘pride of your power’, those are the lordly (patrons) of whom Israel is proud. Cant. R. to III, 10 ארבע ג׳ הם גאה וכ׳ there are four majestic rulers (in the animal kingdom) the ruler among birds &c.; Ex. R. s. 23. Ḥag. 13ᵇ שמתגאה על הג׳ who is exalted (rules) over the rulers.—Y. Kidd. IV, end, 66ᶜ. רובן של עבדים ג׳ most slaves (when raised to power) are overbearing; Treat. Sof’rim XV, 10 נאים (corr. acc.); a. fr.—V. גֵּאִים. ↗ expanded
גַּאֲוָהhaughtiness, pride. Y. Yoma VII, 44ᵇ מפני הג׳ to avoid the appearance of pride (on the Day of Atonement). glory. Ḥag. 5ᵇ (ref. to גוה, Jer. XIII, 17) מפני גַאֲוָותָן של וכ׳ over the glory of Israel that has been taken from him &c. Ib. מפני גַאֲוָותָהּ של מלכות שמים over the (lost) glory of the heavenly kingdom (the destruction of the Temple). ↗ expanded
גְּאוּלָּהredemption, delivery. Meg. 15ᵃ, a. fr. מביא ג׳ לעולם causes redemption to come (through his good deeds). Cant. R. to II, 2 בגְאוּלַּת מחר of to-morrow’s redemption, i.e. Messianic days.—Kidd. 15ᵇ גאולת עצמו redemption from service by himself, ג׳ קרובים by relatives, ג׳ אחרים by strangers (Lev. XXV, 47 sq.). Pes. 118ᵃ מן הג׳ than delivery (from evil); a. fr. [Lev. R. s. 32, end; Koh. R. to IV, 1, read גּוֹאֲלָהּ, v. גּוֹאֵל.]—Pl. גְּאוּלֹּות. Y. Peah VII, 20ᵇ bot. שתי ג׳ two redemptions (of fruits). G’ullah, a) that section of the prayers between the Sh’ma (שְׁמַע) and the T’fillah (תְּפִלָּה), so called from its contents. Ber. 9ᵇ סמך ג׳ לתפלה he recited the T’fillah immediately after closing the G’ullah (with the benediction גאל ישראל). Ib. 4ᵇ; a. fr.—b) the seventh benediction of the T’fillah, prayer for redemption. Meg. 17ᵇ ↗ expanded
גְּאוּלְתָּא , redemption. Targ. Y. Num. XXV, 12. ↗ expanded
גָּאוֹןmajesty, pride. Sifra B’ḥuck. Par. 2, ch. V; v. גֵּאֶה. [In the post-Talmudic period Gaon (excellency) was the title of the chiefs of the Babylonian academies.—Pl. גְּאוֹנִים.—גֵּאוֹנוּת Gaonate.] ↗ expanded
גאי , גהto rise; to be arched, caved) to rise, swell; trnsf. to be elated, proud; to be exalted, majestic. Mekh. B’shall., Shirah 2, v. infra. [Tosef. M. Kat. I, 7 גּוֹאֶה, v. גָּהָה.] Pi. גֵּאָה, גֵּיאָהto exalt. Mekh. l. c. גֵּאַנִּי וגֵאתִיו He (the Lord) exalted me, and I exalt him; Tanḥ. ib. 12 גֵּאַוְנִי וגֵאִיתִיו; Yalk. Ex. 242 וגואותיו (corr. acc.). Y. Taan. III, 67ᵃ top (ref. to Job XXIII, 29) אני אמרתי להשפילן … לגָאוֹתָן I (the Lord) decreed to humble them (by dearth), and thou—to raise them (Bab. ib. 23ᵃ הגבהתו). Hithpa. הִתְגָּאֶה, , Nithpa. נִתְגָּאֶהto show one’s self glorious, exalt one’s self, be exalted; (in an evil sense) to be proud, boast, to lord it. Mekh. l. c. (ref. to Ex. XV, 1) גָּאָה ועתיד להִתְגָּאוֹת He was glorious and will be &c. Ib. מִתְגָּאֶה הוא על כל המִתְגָּאִים He exalts himself above all those who are boastful, שֶׁבַּמֶּה שאו"ה מתג׳ לפניו וכ׳ for that with which the nations boast themselves, becomes the means of their punishment; Tanḥ. l. c.—Ḥag. 13ᵇ, v. גֵּאֶה. Ib. 5ᵇ פרנס המתג׳ וכ׳ an officer who lords it over the community. B. Bath. 98ᵃ המתג׳ בטלית וכ׳ who parades the scholar’s cloak. Tosef. Sot. III, 10 sq. לא נִתְגָּאוּ אלא וכ׳ became haughty only in consequence of the bounties &c.; Snh. 109ᵃ. Ber. 10ᵇ לאחר שאכל ושתה ונתג׳ זה Ms. M. (ed. לאחר שנתג׳; Yalk. Kings … זה ונתג׳; Lev. 616 לאחר שגאה) after this man has eaten and drunk and become haughty, v. גֵּאִים. Lev. R. s. 10 נתג׳ לבו עליו (Ex. R. s. 37 זחה דעתו) became overbearing. ↗ expanded
גְּאִי ; to rise, grow &c. Targ. I Sam. II, 5 גָּאָן (some ed. גָּעָן). Ithpa. אִיתְגָּאִי, אִיתְגָּאֵיto grow high. Targ. Job VIII, 11 (h. text יִגְאֶה). to be exalted; to be proud. Targ. Ex. XV, 1; 21. Targ. Y. II, Gen. XXXIV, 31 (I מְלַגְלֵג); a. e. ↗ expanded
גֵּאִים (abstract noun, v. גֵּאֶה; cmp. חַיִים) loftiness, excellence; (in a bad sense) haughtiness. Ḥull. 92ᵃ (play on שׄרׄיׄגׄיׄםׄ, Gen. XL, 10) שלשה שׄרׄיׄ גׄ' בכל וכ׳ the three princes of excellence (influential patrons of Israel) in every generation (in Palestine under the Roman, in Babylon under the Parthian government).—Ber. 10ᵇ; Yalk. Lev. 616 (ref. to I Kings XIV, 9) א"ת גַּוֶּךָ אלא גֵּאֶיךָ read not gavvekha (thy body), but geekha, thy swelling or pride (applied to taking a meal before prayer), v. גָּאָה. ↗ expanded
גָּאַל (b. h.) [to cover, cmp. Job III, 4;] to ransom, redeem, protect. Pes. X, 6 גְּאָלָנוּ וג׳ וכ׳ has protected us and redeemed our ancestors. Gen. R. s. 78, beg.; Midr. Till. to Ps. XXV, beg.; Lam. R. to III, 23 אמונתך רבה לְגָאֳלֵנוּ thy faith is great enough to redeem us. Gen. R. s. 44.—Kidd. 20ᵇ לוה וגוֹאֵל וגוֹאֵל לחצאין he may borrow money and redeem his property (from the sanctuary), and may redeem in instalments. Midr. Till. to Ps. XXXI, beg. גְּאַל אותנו redeem us; a. fr.—V. גּוֹאֵל. Nif. נִגְאַלto be redeemed. Ber. 9ᵃ כְּשֶׁנִּגְאֲלוּ ישראל וכ׳ when the Israelites were redeemed from Epypt. Kidd. 15ᵇ (ref. to Lev. XXV, 54) באלה הוא נ׳ וכ׳ through those (his relations) he may be redeemed, but he is not freed after six years of service (Ex. XXI, 2). Ib. 20ᵇ when the jubilee year arrives ולא נִגְאֲלָה and it (the field) has not been redeemed. Ib. יפה כחו לִיגָּאֵל מיד it has the privilege of immediate redemption. Sabb. 118ᵇ מיד נִגְאָלִין they would be released (from captivity) at once. Y. Taan. II, 65ᵈ top וסופן להִיגָּאֵל וכ׳ and they will be released &c.; Gen. R. s. 56 לִיגָּאֵל; a. fr.—[In b. h. ג׳ also: to cover (with blood), stain, make repulsive.]. V. געל. ↗ expanded
*גְּאַם = גְּמָאto swallow. Pa. גַּאֵם to make swallow. Ḥull. 111ᵃ גַּאֲמוֹ לשבא make (the son of) Sh’ba swallow it (Rashi). [Ar. reads גַּמּוֹ (contr. Pa. of געם or גאם, cmp. Syriac געם P. Sm. 761 sq.) it made (the son of) Sh. feel nauseous (which was his reason for not eating it.] ↗ expanded
גַּבconvex, arched, whence the exterior or upper part of a thing, a) body, esp. back (of an animal’s body, usu. אָחוֹר). Gen. R. s. 8, beg. he split the double-faced body (v. פרצוף) ועשאו גַּבַּיִים ג׳ לכאן וכ׳ and gave it two backs, one back on this side &c.—גַּב יָד, גַּב רֶגֶלa swelling on the hand, on the foot. Ab. Zar. 28ᵃ; Sabb. 109ᵃ.—b) eye-brow (b. h.), the elevation around genitals &c. Nidd. 52ᵇ א׳ בגַבָּהּ one hair on the lower surrounding of her genitals, opp. בכריסה, v. כֶּרֶס; B. Bath. 56ᵇ; Snh. 30ᵇ; B. Kam. 70ᵇ, [Rashi: on her finger joints].—c) (also גַּבָּה) גַּבַּת הַזָּקֵן, pl. גַּבּוֹת, chin. Nidd. 23ᵇ; Y. ib. III, 50ᶜ bot. גומות הזקן (dimples).—*d) a low fence. Tosef. B. Mets. XI, 22 (ed. Zuck. גַּג).—Du.גַּבַּיִים, גַּבַּיִין. Kel. XXV, 5 outsides of vessels (usu. אֲחוֹרַיִים). Gen. R. s. 8, v. supra.—Pl. גַּבִּים, גַּבִּין, גַּבּוֹת. Bekh. VII, 2 שני ג׳ וכ׳ double back and double spine (explain. גִּבֵּן, Lev. XXI, 20); Nidd. 24ᵃ sq.; Ḥull. 60ᵇ.—Nidd. 23ᵇ ג׳ הזקן, v. supra.—עַל גַּב, עַל גַּבֵּי (abbr. ע"ג) on, upon, by the side of (cmp. עַל in b. h.). Ḥull. 3ᵃ, a. fr. עומד על גַּבָּיו standing by him, superintending. Nidd. 66ᵃ על גב הנהר by the river-side; Makhsh. I, 4 (v. גֵּיף). Succ. IV, 4 על גב איצטבא (Talm. ed. 42ᵇ גבי), v. אִיסְטְבָא.—Trnsf. on the basis, on the principle. אף על גב, v. אַף I.—Y. Ḥag. II, 78ᵇ bot. חולין שנעשו על גב הקדש (usu. על טהרת הקדש) layman’s food prepared on the principles of sacred food (as though it were sacred food). Bets. II, 3 (17ᵇ); Tosef. ib. II, 7 מטבילין מגב לגב you may (on a Holy Day) immerse vessels for the purpose of changing their use (literally: from principle to principle, from one על גב to another); expl. ibid. רצה לעשות גיתו ע"ג בדו ובדו ע"ג עיסתו הרי זה וכ׳ if one desires to work his wine press on the basis of his olive press, i.e. with vessels originally immersed for the use of the olive press, or his olive press on the basis of his dough, i.e. with vessels originally immersed to be used for kneading, he may immerse his vessels on the same day; Bets. 19ᵃ ע"ג בדו ובדו ע"ג גיתו עושה … Ms. M. a. Ar. (ed. incorr. כדו) if one wishes to change &c., he might have done so (even without another immersion and, therefore, may re-immerse his vessels on the Holy Day because he does not thereby create a new status).—Cmp. אַגַּב.—Tosef. Sabb. XII (XIII), 1; Y. ib. XIII, 14ᵃ top ע"ג הגס וכ׳ around, or adding to the border of a web &c.; Bab. ib. 105ᵃ על הגס. Hor. III, 3 אין על גַּבָּיו אלא וכ׳ none over him save the Lord his God.—בְּגַב in the back, behind. Y. Keth. XII, 35ᵇ top דברים בגב (Bab. ib. 111ᵃ בגו) there is something behind, i.e. there is a reason for it.—Cmp. כַּף. ↗ expanded
גַּב ²back, body &c. Targ. Y. II, Ex. II, 3 ג׳ נהרא river-side (Y. I גֵּיף). Targ. Job XIII, 12 גב טינא a body (lump) of clay.—Ḥull. 47ᵇ אגבא on top, opp. מגואי inside, below. Sabb. 109ᵃ אג׳ דכרעיה on his foot. Yoma 78ᵃ ג׳ דכרעא הוה it was the back (dorsum) of the foot, cmp. preced.גב רגל; a. fr.—Pl. גַּבִּין, גַּבֵּי־. Targ. Y. Gen. XXXI, 10; a. e.—[גבייה. Gen. R. s. 8, some ed., read גביים, v. preced.].—עַל גַּב, עַל גַּבֵּי as preced. Targ. II Chr. XXI, 3 ע"ג קרקע, v. אַגַּב. Targ. Y. II, Lev. I, 17; a. e.—ע"ג ידא upon one’s hand; כע"ג י׳ (כד, כִּיד) as upon one’s hand, i.e. exposed to danger. Targ. Job. XIII, 14; a. fr.—Also ellipt. כעל גב. Targ. Jud. IX, 17; a. e. (prep.) גַּב, גַּבֵּיtowards, with &c. Targ. Y. II, Num. XXI, 9.—With suffix of pers. pron. Targ. Job XIX, 4; a. fr.—Gen. R. s. 33 יתיב גַּבֵּיה he sat with him. Ib. גַּבְּכוֹן in your country. Y. Ned. VI, 40ᵃ sent letters גבי ר׳ יצחק through R. &c. Ib. גַּבָּן (thus we read) in our country. Ber. 10ᵃ ליתי … גַּבָּאי let Ezekiel come to me. Gen. R. s. 35 מן גַּבֵּיה ועד גַּבִּי from those with him &c., from his generation to mine.—Bets. 25ᵇ זיל לגבי דר׳ וכ׳ go to see R. &c.; a. v. fr. ↗ expanded
גֶּבֶאcavity for collecting water, pond, cistern. Tosef. Mikv. I, 1 המים שבגבא R. S. to Mikv. I, 1 (ed. Zuck. שבגבו, read שבגֵבַי) the water in the pond. Ib. 3 גבי.—Pl. גֵּבִים, גֵּבִין, גֵּבָאִים, גֵּבָאִין, גֵּבָיִים. Cant. R. to I, 2 (ref. to ישקני ib.) יטהרני כאדם שהוא מישק שני ג׳ וכ׳ may He make me pure, as a man levels the surface of two ponds (by which the unclean one is purified). Snh. 94ᵇ; M. Kat. 25ᵇ מי ג׳ stagnant waters, opp. נחל שוטף. Mikv. I, 1. Y. M. Kat. I, 80ᵃ bot.; Tosef. Mikv. I, 13 כמין גבאין ed. Zuck. (read כְּמֵי). ↗ expanded
גָּבַב (√גב to arch, cave, curve; cmp. √כף, גף &c.) to curve. *Pes. 42ᵃ bot. three things … גּוֹבְבִין את הקומה Ar. (ed. כופפין; Erub. 55ᵇ bot. ed. Sonc. גופפין) curve the erect stature (make man’s back high). Pi. גִּיבֵּבto heap up, pile, esp. to gather twigs, straw &c.; to rake. Shebi. IX, 6 המְגַבֵּב ביבש he who gathers dry plants, leaves &c., (opp. מלקט, of green plants). Bets. IV, 6. B. Kam. 101ᵇ; Succ. 40ᵃ גִּיבְּבָן, v. חִבָּה II. Y. Yeb. VIII, 8ᵈ bot.; a. fr.—Trnsf. (with or sub. דברים) to pick up frivolous arguments. Yoma 76ᵃ עד מתי אתה מְגַבֵּב דברים ומביא עלינו (Ms. a. Ar. omit דברים) how long wilt thou rake words together and bring them up against us (i.e. what authority have you for your assertion)?; Sifra Vayikra, N’dab. ch. IV, Par. 4 מגבב ומביא … (Mekh. B’shall., Vayas. 3 מתמה). ↗ expanded
גְּבַבPa.גַּבֵּבsame, to rake, collect. Targ. Ex. V, 7 וִיגָבְבוּן ed. Berl. (ed. וִיגַבְּבוּן, Regia ויִגְבּוּן; h. text קשש); ib. 12 לגָבָבָא ed. Berl. Targ. Ps. CIX, 11 (h. text ינקש); a. fr.—Targ. Prov. VIII, 10 גָבוּ לכון וכ׳ hoard ye unto yourselves knowledge. Ib. XXV, 4 גָּבוּ rake ye out (remove; h. text הגו). Targ. Is. XLVI, 6 גָּבָן וכ׳ they rake together gold (h. text זלים).—Lam. R. to I, 1 רבתי (חד כות׳ 1) ההוא גברא מְגַבֵּב כובין וכ׳ this man (thou) will be a gatherer of thorns and when he brings them, all people will run away from him; [Y. Maas. Sh. IV, 55ᵇ bot., v. אִיזָּא]. ↗ expanded
גְּבָבָא (preced.) rakings, v. next w.ג׳ דעמראa ball of clipped wool. B. Bath. 74ᵃ; Snh. 110ᵃ; Num. R. s. 18. Ber. 9ᵇ בין ג׳ דע׳ חיורא between a lump of white wool &c. Ib. 8ᵃ, v. חִיזְרָא I.—Pl. גְּבָבֵי. Gitt. 68ᵃ ↗ expanded
גְּבָבָה (גבב) rakings, small stubble, straw &c., used as fuel. Sabb. III, 1 sq., Y. ed. (Mish. a. Bab. ed. גְּבָבָא Chald.). Y. ib. III, 5ᶜ bot., Bab. ib. 36ᵇ. Kel. XVII, 1 של בלנין בג׳ the vessels of the bathers cease to be susceptible of levitical uncleanness, when they are so defective as to let small fuel drop out. Par. IV, 3; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גָּבַהּ v. גבב; cmp. גאה) to be high; to be elated. Meg. 15ᵃ ג׳ המן וכ׳ (Var. ג׳ לבו של המן) Haman is haughtier than Ahasver (he dared what Ah. did not venture); Yalk. Esth. 1056.—Sot. 5ᵃ ולא ג׳ הר סיני למעלה and Mount Sinai did not rise higher (grow proud). Hif. הִגְבִּיהַּto raise, elevate; to make elated. Taan. 23ᵃ a generation which was to be humbled הִגְבַּהְּתּוֹ בתפלתן hast thou lifted up through thy prayer, v. גָּאָה.—Erub. 55ᵃ מי שמַגְבִּיהַּ דעתו עליו כשמים Ms. M. (ed. עליה, ed. Sonc. מגב׳ עצמו כשמ׳; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.; Yalk. Deut. 940 שמגיס דעתו) who exalts his mind in himself as high as the heavens (who considers himself very wise, ed. who considers himself on account of his knowledge of it as high &c.). Ib. 13ᵇ him who lowers himself הק"בה מַגְבִּיהוֹ the Lord will raise, וכל המגביה עצמו וכ׳ and whomsoever exalts himself, the Lord will lower; ib. 54ᵃ; Ned. 55ᵃ. Tanḥ. Ki Thissa 14 מַגְבִּיהִים פניהם lifted their faces up; a. fr.—Ḥall. III, 1 מַגְבַּהַת חלתה she lifts up (dedicates) the priest’s share; v., however, גָּבָה. to take up a lost object in order to take possession of it. B. Mets. 8ᵃ המגביה מציאה לחבירו וכ׳ if one takes up an object in behalf of his neighbor; ib. 10ᵃ; Bets. 39ᵇ; a. fr. Hof. הוּגְבַּהּto be raised. Sot. 47ᵇ שפלים הוּגְבָּהוּ the low have been raised. Tanḥ. Ki Thissa 5; Lev. R. s. 8 בלשון זה ה׳ with the word zeh (Lev. VI, 13) has he (Aaron) been raised.—Part.מוּגְבַּהּ, f. מוּגְבַּהַת. Y. Shebu. I, 32ᵈ bot. what means שְׂאֵת (Lev. XIII, 2) מוגבהת a raised spot (Sifra Thazr., Neg. ch. I מובהקת, corr. acc.). Hithpa. הִתְגַּבֵּהּ, , Nithpa. נִתְגַּבֵּהַּto be elated, boastful. Tanḥ. Ḥuck. 1 התחיל מִתְגַּבֵּהַּ והולך he beame more and more overbearing (Tanḥ. ed. Bub. ib.; Num. R. s. 18 מתגבר). Num. R. s. 6, beg. נִתְגַּבְּהוּ בעצמם they were proud of their own selves. ↗ expanded
גְּבַהּ , to be high, elated. Targ. Ps. CXXXI, 1.—Sabb. 67ᵃ גְּבִיהַת מכל וכ׳ thou art higher than all other trees. Meg. 15ᵃ ג׳ מלכא וכ׳ Ms. M. (ed. גבר) the King on high is higher than the king below. Ḥull. 7ᵇ ג׳ טורא וכ׳ a mountain rose between them (separating them). [Y. Ter. X, 47ᵇ bot. גביה מן דאבהתיה, Tosaf. to Ḥull. 64ᵇ גמיר.] Af. אַגְבַּהּto raise. Targ. II Chr. XXXIII, 14. to take up. Succ. 44ᵇ אַגְבְּהֵיה וכ׳ he took it (the festive wreath) up once as such and a second time for the willow branches thereon. B. Mets. 2ᵇ בהדי הדדי אַגְבְּהוּהָ they took the lost object up at the same time. Ib. 8ᵃ; a. fr. Ithpa. אִתְגַּבַּהּ,Ithpe. אִתְגְּבַהּto be high; to grow proud. Targ. Job XXXV, 5. Targ. Koh. I, 12. to rise. Targ. Job XXXIX, 27; a. e.—Ḥull. 141ᵇ sq. דלִיתְגַּבְּהוּ that the young birds may rise (when frightened). ↗ expanded
גַּבְהוּתpreced.) height, excellence; pride, haughtiness. Ber. 10ᵇ (ref. to Ps. CXXX, 1) אין ג׳ לפני וכ׳ there must be no hight (elevated stand during prayer) before the Lord. Esth. R. to IV, 15 מִגַּ׳ לב from haughtiness.—Tanḥ. Ki Thissa 27 גַּבְהוּתוֹ של עולם the hight of the world, i.e. the Most High. ↗ expanded
גָּבוֹהַּpreced. ws.), constr. גְּבַהּhigh, exalted, elevated &c. Sot. 5ᵃ among men ג׳ רואה את הַגָּ׳ וכ׳ a high persou looks up to a higher one, but ignores the lower one. Gen. R. s. 22 (ref. to Ps. XXXII, 1) happy is he שהוא ג׳ מפשעו וכ׳ who is higher than (who controls) his sin, and whose sin is not higher than himself; a. fr.—Snh. 5ᵇ (in Chald. diction) אבוה … גְּבַהּ עינים הוה this man’s (my) father was ambitious.—Fem. גְּבוֹהָה. Ab. V, 19 רוח ג׳ haughtiness, opp. נמוכה.—Pl. גְּבוֹהִים, f. גְּבוֹהוֹת. Esth. R. to IV, 7 הג׳ הושפלו the high were lowered.—Y. Shebi. VI, 36ᶜ top עיניו … היו ג׳ my father was ambitious, v. supra.—Esp. הַגָּבוֹהַּthe Most High. Y. Snh. VII, 25ᵇ top; ib.ᶜ top בעבודתה בעבודת(ה)ג׳ with a service peculiar to it (that idol), or with a service prescribed for the worship of the Lord; Y. Naz. VI, beg. 54ᶜ למלאכת הג׳ referring to a service prescribed for the worship of the Lord (but applied to an idol).—Y. Ned. I, 37ᵃ top; Y. Naz. I, beg. 51ᵃ לשון ג׳ הוא it is an expression alluding to Divinity, v. חֶרֶס.—לַגָּ׳ for the Lord, on the altar. Pes. 3ᵇ אליה לג׳ סלקא the fat-tail is offered on the altar; a. fr. an abnormally tall and slim person with shaking gait. Bekh. 45ᵇ (explain. קפח, כיפח Mish.) גבוה ed. (Ar. גִּבֵּחַ).—Fem. גְּבוֹהִית. Ib. (Ar. גִּבַּחַת). ↗ expanded
גְּבוּל 1 [heap, mound,] landmark, boundary; limit; qualification. B. Bath. 69ᵇ (ref. to Gen. XXIII, 17) מי שצריך לג׳ סביב such trees as require boundaries (small trees, are included in the sale). Ab. Zar. 24ᵇ ג׳ יש לה this assertion (לוקחין מהן בהמה לקרבן, ib. 23ᵇ) must be qualified. Y. Ḥall. I, 57ᵇ top (ref. to Is. XXVIII, 25) ע"כ גְּבוּלוֹ של לחם so far goes the definition of bread, i.e. only these species can be called leḥem. (in gen.) country, contrad. to the sanctuary (מקדש) and Jerusalem. Keth. 24ᵇ, a. fr. קדשי הג׳ the sacred gifts (T’rumah &c.) set apart and consumed outside of the Temple and Jerusalem.—Pl. גְּבוּלִים, גְּבוּלִין. B. Bath. 56ᵃ עיירות העומדות על הג׳ border-towns.—Shek. VII, 3 נמצא בג׳ if found outside of Jerusalem. R. Hash. 30ᵃ; a. fr.—V. גּוֹבֶל. ↗ expanded
*גְּבוּל 2G’bul (High-land), cmp. גַּבְלָא. Sot. IX, 15; Snh. 97ᵃ אנשי (ה)ג׳ (Ms. M. Snh., a. Cant. R. to II, 13 גָּלִיל). ↗ expanded
גְּבוּלָאָה (v. preced.) of G’bul. Koh. R. to I, 4 ר׳ יעקב ג׳ (ed. Wil. גְּבוּלָאִי h. form); Y. Ḥall. III, 59ᵃ ר׳ י׳ גבולייא; Y. Kidd. IV, 66ᵃ top; Y. Yeb. VIII, 9ᵇ גַּבְלָיָא of Gabla. ↗ expanded
גִּבּוֹרstrong, brave, mighty; hero. Ned. 38ᵃ על ג׳ on a strong man; Sabb. 92ᵃ. Ab. IV, 1 איזהו ג׳ who is a hero?; Tam. 32ᵃ; a. fr.—Pl. גִּבּוֹרִים. Gen. R. s. 37 פלשתים ג׳ Philisteans which means giants, opp. ננסים. Sot. 42ᵇ ד׳ ג׳ four (Philistean) heroes; a. e. ↗ expanded
גְּבוּרָהsuperiority, strength, might. Yoma 69ᵇ זו היא גְּבוּרָתוֹ Ms. M. (ed. גְּבוּרַת גבורתו) in this His strength consists (in His long-suffering). Kidd. 49ᵇ י׳ קבים ג׳ וכ׳ ten measures of bravery have come down into the world, nine of which the Persians have taken; Esth. R. to I, 3. Num. R. s. 10 (allud. to Koh. X, 17 a. Is. V, 22) ג׳ של תורה וכ׳ the strength (acquired by the study) of the Law consists in ‘happy’, the strength of wine in ‘woe’; a. fr.— הַגְּ׳ Divine Majesty, the Lord. Sabb. 87ᵃ. Ib. 88ᵇ, a. fr. מפי הג׳ from the mouth of the Lord. high age, v. infra.—Pl. גְּבוּרוֹת 1) manifestations of Divine power, wonders. Yoma l. c. איה גְּבוּרוֹתָיו where are the evidences of His power (that we should call Him גבור)?—2) G’buroth, the second section of the T’fillah (v. אָבוֹת), praising the powers of the Lord, also called תְּחִיַית הַמֵּתִים. Y. Ber. IV, end, 8ᶜ this is the order &c. אבות וג׳ וכ׳ Aboth, G’buroth, and Kiddush hash-Shem (K’dushah).—ג׳ גְּשָׁמִים the power of rain, a clause praising the Lord for giving rains, inserted in G’buroth. Ber. V, 2 מזכירין ג׳ גש׳ we mention ‘the power of rain’, i.e. insert the clause, in ‘the Resurrection’, contrad. to the prayer for rain (שַׁאֲלָה). Taan. 2ᵃ מאי ג׳ גש׳ וכ׳ why is it named G’buroth G’shamim? Ans. מפני שיורדין בגבורה because the rains come down through (God’s) wonderful power (ref. to Job. V, 9—10).—3) (allusion to Ps. XC, 10) the age of eighty. M. Kat. 28ᵃ שמונים ג׳ (Ms. M. גבורה) ‘eighty years’ is called g’buroth (g’burah). Treat. S’maḥoth III, 8 מיתה של גבורה (Y. Bicc. II, 64ᶜ bot. של זקנה) a death of g’burah (at a high age); Ab. V, 21 בן שמנים לגבורה. M. Kat. l. c. הגיע לג׳ if one has reached the age of eighty. ↗ expanded
גְּבוּרְתָּא Targ. II Chron. X, 10. Targ. Jud. XI, 29 גבורא (ed. Vien. … ה). Targ. Jer. X, 6; a. fr.—Pl. גְּבוּרָן, גְּבוּרָתָא, גִּבָּרְוָתָא, גִּיבָּ׳. Targ. Ps. XX, 7.—Targ. I Chr. XI, 19 (Var. גְּבוּרָאתָא). Targ. Deut. III, 24 (Var. O. גִּבּוּרְוָתָךְ, v. Berl. Targ. O. II, 50; ed. Amst. גִּבַּרְתָּךְ); a. fr.—Targ. O. ib. XXXIII, 29 גִּיבַּרְוָתָךְ thy mighty deeds (h. text גאותך). ↗ expanded
גָּבוּשׁ (גבש) pile of stones. Pl. גְּבוּשִׁים. Tosef. Ohol. XVII, 9, v. גָּבַשׁ. ↗ expanded
גַּבַּחַתhigh forehead; baldness in front. Ḥull. 65ᵇ הַבָּא ואין לו ג׳ a species of locusts which occasionally appear, having no long-stretched heads (= ראשו ארוך ib.); [Ar.: a protuberance on the back, hump]. Neg. X, 10 הג׳ a leprous affection on the front of the head (making it bald). Ib. איזו היא ג׳ מן הקדקד וכ׳ which portion of the head is called gabbaḥath? From the crown sliding down forward to where the hair begins on the forehead; Sifra Thazr. Par. 5. ch. X. Tosef. Neg. IV, 11; a. fr. the front or outside of cloth; the nap of new cloth, opp. קרחת. Sifra l. c. ch. XV בְּגַבַּחְתּוֹ אלו חדשים b’gabbaḥto (Lev. XIII, 55) means new cloths (v. Targ. O. a. l.). ↗ expanded
גבי (√גב, v. גבב) to collect a bill, taxes &c.; to make one’s self paid, to seize. Keth. 90ᵃ, a. fr. if a later creditor (second mortgagee) שקדם וג׳ מה שג׳ ג׳ collected first, what he has collected is his own. B. Mets. 13ᵇ גּוֹבֶה מנכסים ב"ח he may make himself paid of unmortgaged property. Keth. V, 1 גּוֹבָה את הכל she is entitled to the whole amount; a. v. fr.—Lev. R. s. 11 the king sent a treasury officer לִגְבוֹת to collect (the delinquent taxes); Gen. R. s. 42 לִגְבוֹתָהּ; Tanḥ. Sh’mini 9. [Lev. R. l. c. וגבו אותו, read והכו, cmp. Gen. R. l. c.] Ex. R. s. 30 מי ג׳ הימנו הדם וכ׳ who collected from him (punished him for) the blood on his hand? לא ישראל גָּבוּ אותו וכ׳ not the Israelites collected it, but the Gibeonites did.—Gen. R. s. 85; s. 92 end מצא ב"ח מקום לגבות וכ׳ the creditor met with a chance to collect his bill, i.e. the Lord takes this occasion to visit our sins; a. fr.—Part. pass. גָּבוּיcollected, seized. B. Mets. 58ᵃ על הַגָּ׳ counting on the Shekel contributions collected (though not yet delivered in the Temple treasury); Keth. 108ᵃ; Y. Shek. II, beg. 46ᶜ. Shebu. 48ᵇ, a. fr. כג׳ דמי is considered as if collected (in the possession of the creditor); a. fr. Nif. נִגְבֶהto be collected, to be collectible. B. Mets. l. c. על העתיד לִגָּבוֹת; Y. Shek. l. c. להִיגָּבוֹת on what is yet to be collected. Peah VIII, 7 הקופה נִגְבֵּית בשנים the charity fund must be collected by two persons; B. Bath. 8ᵇ; Snh. 17ᵇ; a. fr. to be collected from, be taxed. Pesik. R. s. 10 לא היו נִיגְּבִים וכ׳ they were not highly taxed; a. fr. Hif. הִגְבָּהto cause to be collected. Ḥall. III, 1 מַגְבַּהַת חלתה she orders the priest’s gift to be collected; v., however, גָּבַהּ. Gitt. 35ᵇ הַגְבּוּהָ את השאר help her to collect the balance. [Tosef. Sabb. VI (VII), 1 מגבה, v. גָּבַח.]—Part. pass. fem. מוּגְבָּהcollected fund. Tanḥ. Emor 18. ↗ expanded
גְּבִי ; [ to rake, v. גְּבַב].]. to collect, tax. Targ. O. Deut. XXII, 19 (h. text ענש). Targ. Koh. VIII, 14; a. e.—Part. act. a. pass. גָּבֵי. Targ. Hos. VIII, 6 (some ed. incorr. גַּבֵּי, v. Rashi a. l.).—B. Mets. 12ᵇ ניהו דלא גָבֵי … מִגְבָא גָבֵי though it cannot be collected from mortgaged, it may be collected from unencumbered property. Y. Gitt. I, end, 43ᵈ נחתון מִיגְבֵי וכ׳ they went down (to Babylonia) to collect debts there for friends; Y. Kidd. III, 64ᵃ לגביה (read למִיגְבֵי); cmp. Gitt. 14ᵇ.—B. Mets. 17ᵇ גַּבְיָא she has a right to collect (seize); a. fr. Af. אַגְבֵּי as preced. Hif., to confiscate, fine. Targ. Am. IV, 5. Targ. Hos. VIII, 13 (some ed. מְגַבַּן Part. pass. Pa.).—Targ. Koh. XI, 4 לא מגבי אגר makes not (people) derive any gain.—B. Kam. 98ᵇ; Keth. 86ᵃ מַגְבֵּי ביה makes him pay. Ib. א׳ ביה כי וכ׳ made him pay the full amount, v. כָּשׁוֹרָא. Shebu. 48ᵇ אַגְבּוּיֵי מַגְבִּינָן ביה we do not order collection on such a bill. [Nidd. 65ᵇ מגבי בה, v. גִּיב a. גִּיחַ.] Ithpe. אִתְגְּבִיto be taxed, fined. Targ. O. Ex. XXI, 22. ↗ expanded
*גַּבְיָא 2 (v. גָּבוֹהַּ a. גִּבֵּחַ)tall and slim. Targ. Y. Lev. XXII, 22 דג׳ או דנסיס Ar. (ed. differ. vers., h. text חרוץ או יבלת) extremely tall or of stinted growth; v. גְּבִיחַ. [The vers. of Ar. obviously belonged to Lev. XXI, 20.] ↗ expanded
גַּבָּיוּת (גבי) collectorship, office ofגַּבַּאי. Y. Dem. II, 23ᵃ top יצא מגַּבָּיוּתוֹ (not מגבייתו); Tosef. ib. III, 4 פירש מגביותו (ed. Zuck. ייתו …, some ed. מגַּבָּאוּתוֹ) as soon as he has resigned his office as (Roman) tax-collector. ↗ expanded
גַּבָּיוּתָא Snh. 25ᵇ עבד ג׳ occupied the collector’s office. ↗ expanded
גְּבִיחַ , extremely tall. Targ. Y. II, Lev. XXI, 20 (second vers. for h. text גִּבֵּן; Var. in Ar. גְּבִיע (not גביני), v. Koh. Ar. Compl. s. v. גבן II, p. 227ᵃ); v. גַּבְיָא II. ↗ expanded
גַּבָּיי (גבי) collector of taxes or charities, treasurer, manager. Ned. 65ᵇ when one is reduced to poverty, אינו נופל לידי ג׳ תחלה he does not at once fall into the hands of the public almoner (but is taken care of by his friends). Y. Dem. II, 23ᵃ top; Tosef. ib. III, 4 חבר שנעשה ג׳ if a ḥaber (socius, v. חָבֵר 3) becomes a collector (publican), he is expelled from the order; a. fr.—Y. Sabb. XVI, end, 15ᵈ; Y. Yoma VIII, 45ᵇ; Y. Ned. IV, 38ᶜ הניחו לַגַּ׳ שיגבה וכ׳ let the collector collect his debt, i.e. let the divine agency do its mission.—Pl. גַּבָּאִים, גַּבָּאִין. Tosef. B. Mets. VIII, 26 הג׳ והמוכסים וכ׳ for tax and custom collectors it is difficult to make reparation; B. Kam. 94ᵇ. Tosef. Dem. III, 17 גַּבָּאֵי צדקה collectors or managers of charity.—Ab. III, 16 הג׳ מחזירים וכ׳ the collectors (divine agencies of justice) go around every day; a. fr.—Chald. גַּבּוֹיָיא, pl. גַּבּוֹיִין. Targ. Esth. IV, 7 (Bxt. a. oth. גַּבָּאִין). [גַּבְיָיא, v. גַּבְיָא I.] ↗ expanded
גְּבִיל (גבל) a mush of flour and water. Ber. 37ᵇ (defin. טָרִיתָא) ג׳ מרתח a scalded mush (Ms. M. מרתח ג׳), a sort of puff-pastry or trifle. ↗ expanded
גְּבִין 1 h. גִּבֵּן) hump-backed. Targ. O. Lev. XXI, 20. Targ. Koh. VII, 13. ↗ expanded
גְּבִין 2 (v. גַּב) eye-brow. Nidd. 23ᵇ הגבין Ar. (ed. הגבן corr. acc.). Bekh. VII, 2 (43ᵇ) אין לו גבינין … אלא ג׳ אחד וכ׳ if one has no eye-brows or only one eye-brow,—this is the gibben of the Bible (Lev. XXI, 20); expl. Ib. ib. זהו מדרש או גבן this is what is deducted by interpretation from ô gibben (ib.).—Pl. גְּבִינִים, גְּבִינִין. Nidd. l. c.; Y. ib. III, 50ᶜ bot.—Bekh. l. c., v. supra. Ib. (explain. גִּבֵּן, Lev. l. c.) שגְּבִינָיו שוכבין (not שגבינין) whose eye-brows are lying (overshadowing the eyes). ↗ expanded
גְּבִינָא 1 ; also eye-lash. Pl. גְּבִינִין, גְּבִינֵי; גְּבִינָתָא. Targ. Lev. XIV, 9. Targ. Y. I Lev. XXI, 20, Targ. Y. II, Lev. XXI, 20 דגָבִינוֹי שכבן וכ׳, v. preced. (h. text גִּבֵּן).—Targ. Prov. VI, 4; ib. 25 גְּבִינָהָא Ar. (ed. גְּבִינָתָהָא); ib. XXX, 13 (h. text עפעפ׳).—B. Kam. 117ᵃ ומסרחי גביניה and his eye-lashes were over-hanging (he could not move his eye-lids). Ib. דלו לי גְבִינַי Mss. (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 3, ed. עיני) lift my eye-lashes for me. ↗ expanded
גְּבִינָהcurdled milk, cheese. Ab. Zar. 34ᵇ גְּבִינַת בית אונייקי Bithynian cheese (prepared by gentiles), v. אוּנְיָיקִי; a. fr.—Pl. גְּבִינוֹת. Ib. II, 4; a. fr.—Tosef. Zab. II, 5 הגְּבִינִין. Treat. Kuthim ch. II הגְּבִינִים.—Ch. גּוּבְנָא. ↗ expanded
גְּבִינִיG’bini, name of a Temple crier. Tam. III, 8; Yoma 20ᵇ; Y. Succ. V, 55ᵇ bot. גבי (corr. acc.).—2) G. ben Ḥarson. Koh. R. to IV, 8. ↗ expanded
*גְּבִינְתָּא (גבן, v. גְּבִין I) (the camel’s) hump. Pl. גְּבִינָתָה. Y. Sabb. V, 7ᵇ bot. (expl. מטולטלת) כהדא כֵּיפָה דהיא משויא ג׳ like a ball (a cushion) to level the humps; cmp. גְּבִיעָה II. ↗ expanded
גָּבִיעַcup. Gen. R. s. 91; Tanl. Mikkets 8; a. e. ↗ expanded
גְּבִיעָאG’biah (hump-backed). Gen. R. s. 61 ג׳ בן קוסם; Snh. 91ᵃ ג׳ בן פסיסא Ar. (ed. גְּבִיהָא). ↗ expanded
גְּבִיעָה 2 (גבע) hump. Gen. R. s. 61 (Alexander the Great to G’biah, v. preced.) אני משוה לך גְּביעָתְךָ Var. (ed. פדחתך) I will level thy hump. ↗ expanded
גְּבִירָהmistress, lady. Sot. 12ᵇ; Ex. R. s. 1 גְּבִירְתֵּנוּ O our mistress! Taan. 21ᵇ (of Palestine, opp. שפחה Babylonia). Y. Ber. III, 6ᶜ; a. e.—Pl. גְּבִירוֹת. Ex. R. l. c.; Tanḥ. Sh’moth 3 בני ג׳ the sons of the ladies (Leah and Rachel). V. גְּבֶרֶת. ↗ expanded
גָּבַל r.; v. גבב) [to give a rounded shape,] to to knead, stamp. Sabb. XXIV, 3 you may put water into the bran (on the Sabbath) אבל לא גוֹבְלִין but must not mix it to a mass. Tosef. Maasr. III, 13 גובל עיסתו he kneads his dough. Lev. R. s. 29 בד׳ גְּבָלוֹ (Pesik. Baḥod. p. 150ᵇ גִּיבְּלוֹ) on the fourth day He formed the dust into a mass. Pi. גִּיבֵּלsame. Y. Ter. V, 43ᶜ bot. הפריש ואח׳'כ גי׳ he set apart (the T’rumah) and then made the dough. Ib. מיגבול חמש (read מְגַבֵּל). Taan. 10ᵃ שמְגַ׳ את הגבינה that forms a cheese. Ib. 19ᵇ שמג׳ את הטיט that stamps clay; a. fr.—Part. pass. מְגוּבָּל. Ib. מ׳ יפה a thoroughly kneaded mass. Hithpa. הִתְגַּבֵּלto be kneaded. Ib. אינו מִתְגַּבֵּל יפה is not thoroughly kneaded. ↗ expanded
גְּבַלsame. Y. Sabb. VII, 10ᵇ bot. ההן דִּגְבַל כ׳ (or דְּגַבַּל) he who kneads lime dust. Gitt. 69ᵃ ונִיגְבּוֹל בדובשא let him knead it with honey. Ib. וניגדול … וניגבול בהדין קיטמא Ar. (Var. v. גַּרְבֵּל; ed. וניגדבל) let him twist … and mix (the wick) thoroughly with ashes. Gen. R. s. 34, end גַּבְלִין ליה וכ׳, v. אֲדַמְדְּמָנֵי. (of parasite worms) to grow. Ḥull. 67ᵇ מיניה קא גַבְלֵי they grow out of it (originate in the body). Ib. bot. כי קא גַבְלָן וכ׳ when they grew, they grew as permitted food. Pa. גַּבֵּל as Pe. 1).—Y. Maas. Sh. V, 56ᵈ top ומְגַבְּלָא אדמיה וכ׳ and to mix its blood with flax-seed. B. Mets. 69ᵃ (prov.) גַּבֵּיל לתורא גביל לתורי mix (fodder) for an ox, mix for oxen, i.e. it is the same trouble. Ber. 40ᵃ גביל לתורי (if he interrupted himself by saying,) ‘Mix fodder for the oxen’. Sabb. 156ᵃ Ithpa. אִיתְגַּבֵּל, אִיגַּבֵּלto be kneaded. Lev. R. s. 6 אִיגַּבְּלוּן בלישה the coins were kneaded with the dough. ↗ expanded
גַּבָּל (גבל) kneader, baker. Pes. 34ᵃ ג׳ של בית וכ׳ was the baker for the house of Rabbi. Ib. 46ᵃ לג׳ ולתפלה וכ׳ in order to get a kneader (that observes levitical purity), for prayer (in a synagogue) and for washing hands (for a meal) one is bound to walk four mils (no more). Keth. 72ᵃ פלוני ג׳ תקן וכ׳ a certain kneader prepared for me the dough according to the law of Ḥallah. ↗ expanded
גַּבָּלָא , esp. one that mixes fodder. Sabb. 156ᵃ ג׳ דבי וכ׳ the gabbal of the house of the Nasi, v. preced.↗ expanded
גַּבְלָא (cmp. b. h. גְּבָל) [Highland,] Gabla, Gabalena, a district (and town) South or South West of Jerusalem, occupied by Edomites (v. Graetz Monatsschrift 1875, p. 61 sq.; 1880, p. 481 sq.). Targ. Y. Gen. XXXVI, 20; I Chr. I, 38 (h. text שֵׂעִיר). Targ. Y. I Deut. XXXIII, 2.—Ab. Zar. 59ᵃ; Keth. 112ᵃ איקלע לג׳ came to Gabla. Cmp. גַּבְלָן. ↗ expanded
גַּבְלוּל (גבל) a lump of dough taken out for forming cakes &c., a roll of dough. Y. Ḥall. II, beg. 59ᵃ חלה כמין ג׳ the priest’s gift must be, in shape and substance, like a roll.—Pl. גַּבְלוּלִין. Ib. משתיעשה ג׳ ג׳ from the time that the dough is divided into lumps. ↗ expanded
גִּבְלִית (a geogr. term) Giblean, sub. גִּיזְרָה, a Giblean balcony. Ohol. XIV, 1 הגיזרה והג׳; Y. Shebi. III, 34ᶜ bot. גיזרה הגּוּבְלִית. Tosef. Oh. XIV, 9 איזה ג׳ what balcony is called Giblith? כל שמניקה מכאן ומכאן ומשוייר מן האמצע (ed. Zuck. a. oth.) a balcony which sucks from (is girded to the wall on) both sides and left alone (without support) in the middle. [Ar. reads כל שמעוקם מכאן וכ׳ curved on both sides and straight-lined in the middle, and explains our w. to mean אוצרstore-room.] [Var. lect. גבילית, גבלות, גבלת.] ↗ expanded
גַּבְלָן [Highland,] District of Gablan, Gabalena (cmp. גַּבְלָא a. גְּבוּל II). Sot. IX, 15 (49ᵇ); Cant. R. to II, 13 והג׳ ישום; Snh. 97ᵃ והג׳ יאשם (Ms. F. והגבל) the Gablan will lie desolate; (cmp. Keth. 112ᵃ איקלע לגבלא as to the envied fertility of Gabalena). V. גּוּבְלָנָא. ↗ expanded
גִּבֵּןhump-backed, or one having defective eye-brows. Bekh. VII, 2 R. Ḥanina … says, the gibben of the Bible (Lev. XXI, 20) is מי שיש לו שני גבים וכ׳, v. גַּב h.; oth. opin., v. s. v. גְּבִין. [Targ. Y. II extremely tall, v. גְּבִיחַ.] ↗ expanded
גָּבַן , Pi.גִּבֵּן (v. גְּבִינָה) to form cheese. Sabb. 95ᵃ; Tosef. ib. IX (X), 13 המגבין, ed. Zuck. (Var. המגבן); Y. ib. VII, 10ᶜ bot. והמְגַבֵּן, v. חָבֵץ. ↗ expanded
גַּבְנוּןhumpy, humpbacked. Pl. גַּבְנוּנִּים. Mekh. Yithro, Baḥod. 4 (ref. to Ps. LXVIII, 17) כלכם ג׳ אתם וכ׳ ye are all humpbacked (blemished) as we read (Lev. XXI, 20) &c., v. גִּבֵּן; (Meg. 29ᵃ בעלי מומין); Yalk. Ex. 284; v. Tanḥ. B’midbar 7; Yalk. Ps. 796. ↗ expanded
גְּבַע (cmp. גבח) to be arched.—Part. גְּבִיעַ, v. גְּבִיחַ. *. אַגְבַּעto waddle. Y. Dem. I, 22ᵃ top saw one mouse (which had swallowed a jewel) מַגְבַּע ואתי come in waddling. ↗ expanded
גֶּבַע (b. h.) pr. n. pl. Geba, a Samaritan town. Kel. XVII, 5 חֲצִירֵי ג׳ leeks of G.; Y. Orl. III, 63ᵃ bot. חריצי ג׳ (corr. acc.); Tosef. Kel. B. Mets. VI, 10 חצר ג׳ של בית הכותים.—[Tosef. Sot. XI, 14 (ref. to Zech. XIV, 10) גבע רמון, Yalk. Zech. 585 ג׳ ורמון.] ↗ expanded
גִּבְעָהhill. Lev. R. s. 10 כמין ג׳ like a hill (the bullock between the two rams). Cant. R. to IV, 6 עשה ערלותיהן ג׳ he piled up their preputia; Gen. R. s. 47 העמידן גִבְעַת ערלות; a. e.—Pl. גְּבָעוֹת. Ḥag. 15ᵃ ברא הרים ברא ג׳ He created mountains, and (corresponding to them) hills. Taan. 8ᵇ (ref. to Job XXXVII, 13) אם לשבט בהרים וג׳ if He sends rain as a scourge, He sends it on mountains and hills. Ab. Zar. 17ᵃ הרים וג׳ ye mountains and hills! Sot. 5ᵃ; a. fr. pr. n. pl. Gibeah. Gitt. 6ᵇ עסיק בפלגש ג׳ studying the case of the woman murdered in Gibeah (Jud. XIX sq.). Pesik. R. s. 11 בפלגש בג׳ in the war about the woman of G.; a. e.—Shebu. 35ᵇ שמות האמורין בג׳ Rashi (ed. בגִבְעַת בִּנְיָמִין) the names (Adonai, El &c.) used in the chapter about Gibeah (Jud. XX). ↗ expanded
גִּבְעוֹלcalyx or capsule of plants. Par. XII, 2 (of hyssop).—Pl. גִּבְעוֹלִין. Ib. 2; 5; Yoma 14ᵇ.—Ib. 75ᵃ זרע פשתן בגבעולין (Ms. M. 2 בגִבְעוֹלָיו) the seed of flax in (its) capsules; v. גַּד II. Num. R. s. 7 נעשה ג׳ the flax had formed capsules; Lev. R. s. 18 ומצאה ג׳ (when no longer good for linen). Par. XI, 7, v. גָּמַל; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גִּבְעוֹנִי (b. h.) Gibeonite, one not admissible as a member of the congregation of Israel, v. נָתִין. Pesik. R. s. 26 (ref. to Jer. XXVIII, 1). Yeb. 71ᵃ ג׳ מהול (Ar. ed. Koh. גבנוני, oth. ed. גבן) a circumcised G.; Ab. Zar. 27ᵃ גִּבְנוֹנִי; Yalk. Gen. 81 Ms. גבעוני (v. Rabb. D. S. to Ab. Zar. l. c. note 40).—Pl. גִּבְעוֹנִים. Num. R. s. 8; Ex. R. s. 30; Yeb. 78ᵇ; a. fr.—Ch. גִּבְעוֹנָאֵי. Targ. II Sam. XXI, 1; a. e.—Kidd. 70ᵇ, v. גּוֹבַיָּא; a. e. ↗ expanded
גָּבַר v. גבב) to be uppermost, prevail; to be strong. Num. R. s. 7 לשון גָּבַר, v. אָנוּשׁ. Sot. IX, 15 גָּבְרוּ בעלי זרוע the violent prevailed. Y. Bets. II, 61ᶜ top; Tosef. Ḥag. II, 11; Bets. 20ᵃ גָּבְרָה יָדָן וכ׳ the Shammaites prevailed over (outnumbered) the Hillelites; a. fr. Pi. גִּבֵּר, גִּיבֵּרto make strong, strengthen, sustain. Lam. R. to III, 1 גִּבְּרַנִי לעמוד בכולן he made me strong enough to survive all these calamities; ib. 12. Cant. R. to II, 14 מְגַבְּרָן לישראל (ed. Wil. מַגְבִּירָן Hif.) sustains Israel. Ib. III, 7 שהן מְגַבְּרִין את וכ׳ they (the sixty words of the priestly benediction) strengthen Israel. Mekh. B’shall., Amalek, s. 1 וכי … מְגַבְּרוֹת ישראל can Moses’ (uplifted) hands make Israel victorious?; a. fr.—Part. pass. מְגוּבָּר, v. infra. Hif. הִגְבִּירsame; v. supra.—2) to grow strong. Ib. עתידין … לְהַגְבִּיר בד"ת וכ׳ (Moses’ uplifted hands indicated that the Lord remembered that) Israel would in the future be strong in the Law which was to be given through his (Moses’) hands, opp. להמיך; Yalk. Ex. 264. Hithpa. הִתְגַּבֵּר, , Nithpa. נִתְגַּבֵּרto rise, swell; to grow strong, gather courage; to make one’s self master. Tanḥ. B’resh. 7 המים מִתְגַּבְּרִין the waters of the Nile rose. Num. R. s. 19 ומִתְגַּבֶּרֶת שם and rose there. Ib. מלא מים מְגוּבָּרִין full of high waters. Snh. 96ᵃ לא נ׳ עד וכ׳ had no courage until he came to Dan. R. Hash. III, 8 היו מִתְגַּבְּרִין they were victorious. Ḥag. 16ᵃ, a. e. if one feels שיצרו מתג׳ עליו that his passion threatens to make itself master over him; Kidd. 80ᵇ. Ned. 81ᵃ מפני שהן מתגברין על הצבור because they lord it over the people (Ar. מתגדרין, v. גָּדַר). Num. R. s. 18, v. גָּבַהּ. Yalk. Is. 287 (ref. to Is. XVII, 11) מכה מִתְגַּבֶּרֶת (Lev. R. s. 18 מגרת, corr. acc. or מגברת) an affliction which makes itself the master, v. אָנוּשׁ. Gen. R. s. 76; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גְּבַר 1 Targ. Ps. CIII, 11.—Gitt. 60ᵇ, v. אַלִּים. Pes. 76ᵃ, a. fr. עילאה ג׳ in the case of a contact between warm and cold substances, the upper one prevails (heating or cooling the substance into which it is poured); תתאה ג׳ the lower prevails. Pa. גַּבֵּר as preced.Pi. Targ. Am. V, 9. Targ. Zech. X, 6; a. e.—Part. pass. מְגַבַּרgrowing, swelling. Targ. Is. VIII, 8. Af. אַגְבַּרto make strong, to cause to overpower. Targ. Is. XLI, 25.—Snh. 38ᵃ אַגְבְּרוּ חמרא וכ׳ let the wine get the better of the young men, i.e. give them plenty to drink, that they may become mirthful. ↗ expanded
גֶּבֶרman, master. Lam. R. to III, 1. Kidd. 80ᵇ (ref. to Lam. III, 39) וכי ג׳ על הטאיו הוא (Rashi) is man master over his sins (sinless)? cock. Yoma I, 8 בקריאת הג׳ at the time of the crowing of the cock; ib. 20ᵇ; Y. Shek. V, 48ᵈ bot.; Y. Succ. V, 55ᶜ disputed meaning: man’s (the cryer’s) crying, or the cock’s crowing, v. כָּרוֹזָא. (euphem.) membrum virile. Bekh. VII, 5 (44ᵇ) בעל ג׳ a man with an abnormally large membrum. ↗ expanded
גְּבַר 2 ; man. Targ. Gen. II, 24; a. v. fr.—Ber. 63ᵃ באתר דלית ג׳ כ׳ where there is no man, (leader). B. Mets. 97ᵃ (prov.) ג׳ דנשי וכ׳ for a man whom women killed there is no law or judge. Erub. 53ᵇ, v. אוּשְׁפִּיזָא.—Men. 42ᵇ, a. e. חובת ג׳ personal duty, opp. ח׳ טלית the duty resting on the garment (whether or not you wear it).—ההוא גברא a certain man. B. Mets. l. c.; a. v. fr. [Frequ. האי גברא, or ההוא, euphem. for I, or thou; v. ההוא.]—Bekh. 36ᵃ בלא גברא (Rashi גברי) without naming an authority.—Pl. גַּבְרִין, גַּבְרַיָּיא, גַּבְרֵי. Targ. O. Deut. I, 13; a. v. fr.—Lev. R. s. 23 יהוון גַּבְ׳ בכל מילייא (Cant. R. to II, 2 גּוּבְרִין) they shall be strong (trained) in all things. B. Kam. 92ᵇ (prov.) כד הוינן זוטרי לג׳ וכ׳ when we were young, we were esteemed as men, now that we are old &c.; a. v. fr.—Keth. 6ᵃ בלא ג׳, v. supra. Ib. 53ᵇ סימן דגברי שׄקׄ זׄרׄףׄ the mnemonical sign for the authorities quoted is &c. (שׄשת, לקׄיש, אלעזׄר, רׄבא, פׄפא).—Fem. גְּבַרְתָּא, only assumed for argument, v. אַנְתְּרוֹפִי. V. also גּוּבְרָא. ↗ expanded
גַּבְרִיאֵל (b. h.) Gabriel, name of an angel (Divine Strength). Dan. VIII, 16; a. e. Gen. R. s. 1, beg. Ex. R. s. 1. Y. Ber. I, 13ᵃ bot. לא יצווח לא לג׳ וכ׳ man in distress must not invoke Gabriel &c,; a. v. fr. ↗ expanded
גַּבְרִית (denom. of גֶּבֶר) cock-like. Sabb. 67ᵇ kill this hen שקרתה ג׳ for she crowed like a cock (a superstitious practice); (Tosef. ib. VI (VII), 5 שקראה כזכר). ↗ expanded
גְּבֶרֶת f. (b. h.) = גְּבִירָה. Gen. R. s. 51 בן גְּבִרְתָּהּ her mistress’ son. Gen. R. s. 45 (גְּבִירְ׳) גְּבִרְתִּי my mistress; a. e. ↗ expanded
גְּבַרְתָּן (denom. of גְּבוּרָה) brave, hero. Sifré Deut. 305; Yalk. ib. 941 ג׳ (ש)כמותך a hero (who is) like thyself. ↗ expanded
גְּבַרְתָּנִית (v. preced.) powerful, overwhelming. Num. R. s. 7 (ref. to אָנוּשׁ Is. XVII, 11, v. גָּבַר) leprosy is called a strong disease מפני שהיא מכה ג׳ (not הג׳) because it is an overpowering affliction; Lev. R. s. 18 מכה ג׳ ומתשת an overpowering and weakening &c. ↗ expanded
גָּבַשׁto be high, piled up; denom. גָּבוּשׁ. Pi. גִּבֵּשׁto fill with piles of stones. Tosef. Oh. XVII, 9 שגִּבְּשֹׁו בגבושים which he filled up &c.; (Oh. XVIII, 5 רצף באבנים). ↗ expanded
גַּבְשׁוּשִׁית (גבש) heap of stones, pile, mound. Sabb. 73ᵇ. Ib. 152ᵃ (ref. to Koh. XII, 5 מגבוה ייראו) שאפי׳ ג׳ קטנה וכ׳ even a small mound appears to him (the aged man) like the highest mountains. Y. Erub. II, 20ᵃ, opp. חָרִיץ.—Pl. גַּבְשׁוּשִׁיֹּות. Y. Sot. VII, 21ᶜ שתי ג׳ וכ׳ (not … שית) they put up two mounds and named them Mount Gerizim &c. ↗ expanded
גַּבְשׁוּשִׁיתָא Targ. Koh. XII, 5.—Targ. Cant. IV, 1, v. גַּלְשׁוּשִׁיתָא.—Pl. גַּבְשׁוּשִׁין m. (fr. גַּבְשׁוּשָׁא). Y. Snh. VII, 25ᵈ מינוקיא עבדין ג׳ (Jewish) children (in Rome) made little piles &c. ↗ expanded
גַּבַּתGabbath, later name for Biblical Gibbethon, in the territory of Dan. [Cmp. as to change of Biblical names Y. Meg. I, 70ᵃ bot.] Y. Taan. IV, 69ᵇ; Ruth R. introd.; Cant. R. to I, 16 מג׳ ועד אנטיפרס וכ׳ between G. and Antipatris there were sixty myriads of townships; Y. Meg. l. c. מגבות; Lam. R. to II, 2 מגיבתון. ↗ expanded
גַּג (b. h.) roof. Midd. V, 3. Pes. 13ᵇ, v. אִיסְטְבָא; a. v. fr.—Yoma 47ᵃ עלה לגג excelled all, v. זֶרֶד. in gen. upper portion, top, apex. Y. Yeb. VIII, 9ᵃ רוב גַּגָּהּ של עטרה the largest portion of the top of the membral corona, contrad. to רוב גֹּובְהָהּ, v. גֹּובַהּ; Y. Sabb. XIX, end, 17ᵇ רוב גוב׳ אטרה (corr. acc.).—Ḥull. 67ᵇ ג׳ תמרה the outer covering of a date.—Pl. גַּגֹּות. Erub. IX, 1; a. fr.—Men. X, 2 (64ᵇ), v. צְרִיפִין. ↗ expanded
גָּדGad son of Jacob. Gen. R. s. 71; a. fr.—תנאי בני גד, v. תְּנַאי the prophet in the days of David. B. Bath. 15ᵃ דאסקיה ג׳ החוזה וכ׳ Gad, the seer, and Nathan, the prophet, continued the Book of Samuel (from XXVIII, 3; Ms. O. דאתא ג׳ … וסיימוה). ↗ expanded
גַּד 1 (גדד, cmp. חד) [cutting,] bitter, acrid. Ex. R. s. 5 (ref. to Num. XI, 7) מר וגד bitter and acrid. Targ. B’shall., ed. Bub. 21 גד ולענה (read כלענה; Yalk. Ex. 258 מר כלע׳).—Pl. גַּדִּים, גַּדִּין, גְּדָדִין. Gen. R. s. 71 (play on Gaddi, Num. XIII, 11) [read:] גְּדָדִין ומררין acrid and bitter (people); Yalk. Gen. 126 כגידין מררין, v. גִּידָּא II; Yalk. Ezra 1067 בר גדי (corr. acc.). [גדין, Targ. Y. Num. XXII, 7 Ar. s. v. גדין, read אִגְּרִין.] ↗ expanded
גַּד 2a rounded-off seed grain, coriander, (in Talm. a. Midr.) linseed. Yoma 75ᵃ (ref. to Ex. XVI, 7) עגול כגִידָּא וכ׳ the manna resembled a grain by its rounded shape, and a pearl by its white color; even so it has been taught גד שדומה לזרע וכ׳ the word gad (grain) is used, because the manna resembled linseed; Yalk. Ex. 261; Num. 734. Mekh. B’shall., Vayassa, 5 (ref. to Ex. l. c.) איני יודע של מי דומה I do not know to which the comparison refers (to shape or to color); … דומה לזרע וכ׳ it resembles (in form) linseed: but you might think &c., ת"ל לבן therefore ‘white’ is added. ↗ expanded
גָּד ²decree, fate, esp. Gad (Fortune), a god worshipped by the Babylonians and the Jewish exiles. Snh. 63ᵇ ג׳ נמי מיכתב כתיב Gad is also one of the names of idols mentioned in the Bible. Sabb. 67ᵇ ג׳ אינו אלא לשון ע"א Gad is nothing else than a designation of an idol, v. next w.גַּד יָוָן pr. n. Gad Yavan (Greek Fortune) near Jerusalem. Zab. I, 5 כְּמִן ג׳ י׳ לשילוה as long as it takes from G. Y. to Siloah; Tosef. ib. I, 10 כְּמִגַּדְיָוָן לשילה; Snh. 63ᵇ כְּמִיגַּדְיָוָן לשילה (corr. acc.)—[Gad Yavan is prob. the name of a pool connected with the Siloah, perh. Fount of the Virgin, v. Sm. Bible Dict. s. v. Siloam.] [Toh. VI, 6; Erub. 22ᵇ בית גד גד, v. גִּלְגּוּל.] ↗ expanded
גָּד ³ , luck; genius, godhead. Targ. O. Gen. XXX, 11 גָּד; Y. II גַּדָּא (not גֵּרָא). Targ. Esth. VIII, 15 גַּדָּא (not גָּדָא).—Gen. R. s. 71 ג׳ דביתא the good genius of the house. Sabb. 67ᵇ גד גַּרִּי וסינוק לא (Ms. M. צינוק), a charm formula supposed to mean, Be lucky, my luck, and tire not (prob. Grow, my luck &c., v. נְגַד). Ḥull. 40ᵃ לג׳ דהר to the godhead of the mountain. Ned. 56ᵃ (explain. דרגש) ערסא דג׳ the bed reserved for the domestic genius (bed of state). Y. Ab. Zar. I, 39ᵈ top לגַרֵּיה וכ׳, v. ארקליס. Gen. R. s. 65 ג׳ דע"ז דאת קאים [ביה] by the idolatrous godhead by whom thou standest, i.e. to whom thou referrest in saying, ‘Let my father rise’ (Gen. XXVII, 31). Y. Sabb. XVI, end, 15ᵈ; Y. Yoma VIII, 45ᵇ; Y. Ned. IV, 38ᵈ בגַדָּךְ מדלי (not בגרך) doest thou rely upon thy good luck? Koh. R. to VII, 26 מה ביש ג׳ וכ׳ how bad is this woman’s (my) luck!; a. fr.—Pl. גַּדַּיָּיא, גַּדַּיָּא. Y. Ab. Zar. III, 43ᵃ bot. ג׳ קורין אותה גליא a place called Gaddaya is cacophemistically named Gallaya (dung-hills); Tosef. ib. VI (VII), 4 גדגיא ed. Zuck. (ed. גריא, corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
גַּדְגַּדְנִיּוֹת (cmp. גַּד II) melilot, a kind of clover, v. הִנְדְּקוֹקָא. Y. Erub. III, 20ᵈ top; Y. Peah VIII, 21ᵃ top; Erub. 28ᵃ. Ber. 57ᵇ.—[In later ritualistic literature our w. designates cherries, v. Löw Pfl. p. 94.] ↗ expanded
גָּדַד 1to cut, cut off. Par. II, 2; Bekh. 44ᵃ יָגוֹד let him lop off (the black tops of the horns or hoofs).—[V. גָּדַר.]—Trnsf. (cmp. קצץ) to fix the price. B. Bath. 13ᵃ גּוֹד או אָגוֹד either fix you a price for my share, or I shall do so (and buy your share); דינא דגוד או אגוד the right of settling by god o agod. Ib. אגוד איכא גוד ליכא the offer to buy is applicable in this case (the half-freed slave can offer to buy his other half), but the offer to sell cannot be made (since there is no price for a free man).—Part. pass. גָּדוּדstripped (of branches); trnsf. empty-handed. Gen. R. s. 68, beg. ג׳ שלחו (Yalk. ib. 117 גדודי) Isaac sent Jacob away without anything valuable. Pi. גִּדֵּדto cut off, level. Gen. R. s. 71 (play on בא גד, Gen. XXX, 11) בא מי שעתיד לגַדֵּד וכ׳ he has come who is destined to level the fastnesses of the nations (idolatry). Tanḥ. Ki Thissa 13 (play on מגדל גד, Josh. XV, 37) from there the Lord יוצא ומְגַדֵּד וכ׳ will proceed and level &c.; Ex. R. s. 40 ומגיד (corr. acc.). Nif. נִגְדַּדto be cut off. Keth. 51ᵃ כל העומד לִיגָּדֵד כְּגָדוּד דמי Ar. (ed. ליגזז, v. גָּזַז). Hithpol. הִתְגּוֹדֵדto make incisions in one’s own body. Yeb. 13ᵇ, v. גּוּד. Tanḥ. Sh’laḥ. 15; Num. R. s. 17 קבר מת לא תִתְגּוֹדְדוּ when one buried a dead, the law says, Ye shall not &c. (Deut. XIV, 1). V. גְּדִידָה. *. גֹּדֵדsame. Yeb. l. c. א"כ לימא קרא לא תְּגוֹדְדוּ if it were so (that Deut. XIV, 1 meant only to forbid incisions in the body) it ought to read lo t’god’du, ye shall make no incisions. ↗ expanded
גְּדַד [Dan. IV, 11; 20.] Targ. Deut. XIV, 1 תְגוּדוּן, v. preced. Hithpol.—Bets. 6ᵃ אפי׳ למֵיגַד ליה וכ׳ Ar. a. Ms. M. (ed. למֵיגַז) even to cut a shroud for him (the dead, on the second Holy Day); Sabb. 150ᵇ, v. גְּזַז. ↗ expanded
גְּדוּד 1 v. גּוּד) troop, band. Pesik. R. s. 20, end ג׳ מלאכים a troop of angels. Ber. 3ᵇ; Snh. 16ᵃ לכו ופשטו ידיכם בג׳ go ye and stretch your hands out (for booty) as a band (of marauders). Pesik. R. l. c. ג׳ של מלאכי חבלה a troop of angels of destruction.—Pl. גְּדוּדִים, גְּדוּדִין. Ib. Deut. R. s. 11, end. Ber. 29ᵇ במקום גְּדוּדֵי חיה וכ׳ in a place where there are hords of wild beasts or robbers; Tosef. ib. III, 11 Var. ed. Zuck. ↗ expanded
גְּדוּד 2G’dud. Arakh. IX, 6 (32ᵃ; 32ᵇ); Y. Meg. I, 70ᵃ bot. גְּדוֹר q. v. ↗ expanded
גְּדוּדָא (גדד, v. גָּדַד part. pass.) a tree stripped of all branches. Erub. 100ᵇ (Ar. גרדא, Var. גרודא; Ms. M. גרידא, ed. Sonc. גדור, גרויא; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note). [גדודאין, Targ. Is. XXXVIII, 12, v. גִּידּוּדָא.] ↗ expanded
גְּדוּדִית (dimin. of גְּדוּד) small troop. Pl. גְּדוּדִיּוֹת. Sifra B’ḥuck. beg. (ref. to Lev. XXVI, 31) I shall lay waste your sanctuaries מן הג׳ even of the troops (of travellers; Rashi: of pilgrims). ↗ expanded
גְּדוּדִית 2 (גָּדַד I; cmp. Ps. LXV, 11) ruins. Pl. גְּדוּדִיּוֹת. Erub. V, I (52ᵇ) ג׳ גבוהות וכ׳ (Ms. M. omits גבוה׳) debris ten palms high. Cmp. גּוּדָּא I. ↗ expanded
גדודתה , Y. Dem. I, 21ᵈ במקום שהיתה ג׳ R. S. to Dem. I, 2 (ed. גררתה), prob. במקום גדודי חיה, v. גְּדוּד↗ expanded
גָּדוֹלgreat, distinguished; (noun) a great man, leader. Sabb. 94ᵇ, a. fr. ג׳ כבוד הבריות וכ׳ human dignity is something great, for it overrules a prohibitive law &c. Ned. 49ᵇ ג׳ מלאכה וכ׳ labor is something great, for it honors him who pursues it.—Sot. I, 9 ג׳ ממנו his superior. Gen. R. s. 100 גְּדוֹל העולמים the Great One of the worlds, the Lord.—Snh. 21ᵇ גְּ׳ העולם a world-renowned man (Solomon). M. Kat. 22ᵃ גְּ׳ הדור a prominent man of his days. Y. ib. III, 82ᶜ top גְּ׳ המשפחה the chief of the family; a. v. fr. adult, of age, older. Yeb. II, 8 בג׳ on the eldest brother. Ib. XIII, 11 ג׳ וקטנה if one of the brother’s widows is of age, and the other a minor; a. fr.—כהן גדול (abbr. כ"ג) Highpriest. Ib. IX, 1; a. fr.—Pl. גְּדוֹלִים, גְּדוֹלִין; גְּדוֹלוֹת. Koh. R. to VII, 8 גְּדוֹלֵי הדור scholars, v. supra; ג׳ ירושלים prominent citizens of Jerusalem.—Ab. Zar. 18ᵃ ג׳ רומי Roman dignitaries; a. fr.—Ber. 23ᵇ, a. e. גדולים (sub. נקבים) the larger functions of the body, movement of the bowels; v. דַּק. ↗ expanded
גְּדוּלָּהgreatness, distinction, dignity, wealth, high position, office. Gitt. 59ᵃ תורה וג׳ במקום א׳ learning and high office combined in one person. Ber. 61ᵃ בג׳ מתחילין מן הגדול וכ׳ for distinction the superior is first mentioned, for degradation the inferior. Erub. 13ᵇ מחזר על הג׳ hunting for office. Ib. 54ᵃ עולה לג׳ will rise to distinction. Y. Ter. V, 43ᶜ top למשחה לג׳ וכ׳ ‘for ointment’ (Num. XVIII, 11) means for installation in office, for unguent, and for lighting. Meg. 31ᵃ גְּדוּלָּתוֹ של הקב"ה Ms. M. (ed. גבורתו) a description of the greatness of the Lord. Ex. R. s. 3 end הלב ששמח בגדוּלַּת אחיו וכ׳ the heart (of Aaron) which rejoiced over a brother’s distinction shall wear the Urim &c.; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גְּדוֹרG’dor, in Peraea. Y. Meg. I, 70ᵃ bot.; Arakh. 32ᵃ; 32ᵇ (repeatedly גדוד). Ib. גמלא בגליל וג׳ בעבר הירדן Gamla in Galilee, G. in Peraea. Y. R. Hash. II, 58ᵃ top הרי מכוור וג׳ (as stations for signalizing the New Moon) the mountains of Mikhvar and G’dor (Bab. ib. 23ᵇ חרים וכייר וגֶדֶר, corr. acc., v. גֶּדֶר); Y. Shebi. IX, 38ᵈ bot. ↗ expanded
גְּדוּרָאG’durah (Gadara) near Tiberias, giving the name to a species of carob. Y. Maasr. I, beg. 48ᶜ חרובי ג׳; Y. Orl. I, 61ᵃ top גידודה; Gen. R. s. 79 חרובין של גרודא; Yalk. ib. 133 גידורא. ↗ expanded
גָּדוּשׁGadush. Tosef. Maas. Sh. I, 14; Erub. 27ᵃ (v. Rabb. D. s. a. l.). ↗ expanded
*גְּדֵי (v. גדד I) to cut, divide, assign. Pa. גַּדֵּיto cut off, excommunicate. Nidd. 36ᵇ ואי לא צאית גַּרְיֵיה הוא סבר גַּדְּיֵיה א"ל and if he does not obey, drag him over (v. גרי, i.e. force him with arguments), but he (R. Assé) understood that he told him gadd’yeh (excommunicate him). Ib. לא ציית גדייה he (Shila bar Abina) did not obey, and he (R. Assé) excommunicated him (Rashi). [Tosaf. read for גרייה: גַּדְיֵיה, fr. גדי, a sec. form of נגד, draw him over.—Ar. s. v. צנע 2 reads גַּדְּדֵיהlash him (ref. to Deut. XIV, 1), without referring to any misapprehension, while s. v. גר 10 הוא סבר גרייה א"ל is quoted—obviously a later insertion of a copyist.] ↗ expanded
גְּדִי (b. h.) kid, in gen. young animal. Ḥull. 113ᵃ; 113ᵇ (ref. to Gen. XXXVIII, 17) כאן ג׳ עזים וכ׳ here it reads g’di izzim from which we learn that wherever g’di without any qualification is used, it includes cow and sheep. Men. XIII, 7; a. fr.—Pl. גְּדָיִם, גְּדָיִים. Snh. 11ᵃ; Tosef. ib. II, 4 מפני הג׳ וכ׳ on account of the kids or lambs (being too young for offerings on Passover).—Y. ib. X, 28ᵇ bot.; Gen. R. s. 42, a. e. אם אין ג׳ אין תישים when there will be no kids (young students), there will be no wethers (leaders, scholars). Y. ib. I, 19ᵃ top ג׳ שהנחת וכ׳ the kids (young scholars) thou hast left behind (in Palestine) have grown to be wethers; a. e.—Trnsf. the tender grain in its husks. Pesik. Asser p. 99ᵇ; Tanḥ. R’eh 17; Yalk. Deut. 892 (homiletic interpret. of Deut. XV, 21) אל תגרמו לי לבשל ג׳ וכ׳ do not cause me to ripen the grains in their mothers’ womb (husks, so as to be blown out by the East wind). the Capricorn, a sign in the Zodiac. Pesik. R. s. 20. Yalk. Ex. 418; Kings 185. [Yalk. Num. 785 הרי נכנס הזאב לגדי, v. גדיגוד.] ↗ expanded
גְּדִי ² Targ. O. Gen. XXXVIII, 17; 20 (Y. גידי, גירי (?)); 23 O. a. Y. גַּדְיָא.—Pes. 3ᵇ גדי מסנקן, v. סְנַק. Sabb. 18ᵇ דג׳ (בשרא) meat of a kid. Ib. 20ᵃ. Ḥull. 51ᵃ—Pl. גְּדִין, גְּדָאִין, גַּדְיָין, constr. גַּדְיֵי, גְּדָיֵי. Targ. Deut. XIV, 4. Targ. Gen. XXVII, 16 ed. Berl. גְּדֵי; 9 גַּדְיֵי; a. e. Midr. Sam. ch. XX (expl. חריצי החלב I Sam. XVII, 18) גדיין מניעין וכ׳ kids taken away from their mothers.—גַּדְיָיתָא. Targ. Y. Num. XV, 27 (h. text עֵז). ↗ expanded
גַּדְיָא 2Gadya. Y. Sot. IX, 24ᵇ אצל בית ג׳ (Snh. 11ᵃ בעליית בית גּוּרְיָא). Tanḥ. Ki Thetsé 9; Pesik. Zakhor p. 25ᵃ; 25ᵇ יודן בן ג׳; Lam. R. to III, 64 גדייא; Yalk. Ps. 827 (Yalk. Sam. 123 Ms. O. גּוּרְיָא, v. Bub. Pesik. l. c. note 76). ↗ expanded
גדיגוד , Y’lamd. Mattoth quot. in Ar., הרי נכנס הזאב לג׳, read with Yalk. Num. 785: הרי … לגְּדִי (or לגְדָייוֹ) the wolf is coming to get his kid; cmp. Tanḥ. Matt. 4 עד שהזאב בא לצאן פרשו לו המצודה while the wolf goes for the sheep, spread ye the snare for him. ↗ expanded
גְּדִידָה (גָּדַד I Hithpa.) incision in the flesh, wounding. Kidd. 35ᵇ או אינו אלא (אף) לג׳ perhaps the exemption of females (intimated by בנים Deut. XIV, 1) refers (also) to the law forbidding incisions? Ib. שריטה וג׳ אחת היאs’ritah and g’didah are legally the same. Macc. 21ᵃ שריטה ביד וג׳ בכלי s’ritah is done with the hand (nails), g’didah with an instrument. cutting dates, v. גְּדִירָה. ↗ expanded
גְּדִידִיםG’didim. Kidd. 66ᵃ Judah b. G. ↗ expanded
גְּדִיָּהshe-kid (v. גְּדִי). Men. XIII, 7 (107ᵇ).—Trnsf. the tender grain in the husks. Pl. גְּדִיּוֹת. Pesik. R. s. 25 הריני מבשל את הג׳ וכ׳ I shall make ripe &c., v. גְּדִי. ↗ expanded
גָּדֵיל (גדל) growing, esp. one entering on puberty. Tosef. Mikv. VI, 10, v. כָּשׁוּת.—Pl. גְּדֵילִים, v. גָּדַל I. ↗ expanded
גָּדִיל pl. גְּדִילִים, גְּדִילִיןtwisted threads, fringes, v. צִיצִית. Men. 39ᵇ; Yeb. 5ᵇ גדיל שנים ג׳ ארבעה gadil (a twist) means at least two threads, g’dilim means four threads (which doubled make eight). Sifré Num. 115; a. e. twist, table-cloth. B. Bath. 57ᵇ שני שלישי ג׳ … גלוי וכ׳ Ar. a. Ms. O. (ed. גלאי) two thirds of the width of the table covered and one third uncovered for putting on dishes and vegetables. ↗ expanded
*גְּדִיל (גדל) liberal, heaped measure, opp. מחיק. Y. Pes. IV, end, 31ᶜ (Esth. R. to I, 4 גדיש). ↗ expanded
גְּדִילָא Men. 39ᵇ top וג׳ מיגדיל and the fringe is twisted (without leaving loose threads). Pl. fem. גְּדִילָן, v. גְּדִילְתָּא. ↗ expanded
גְּדִילָה 1 (גָדַל I) growth. דרך ג׳the way a thing grows, in natural position. Nidd. 67ᵃ דרך גְּדִילָתָהּ in her natural position (not pressing limbs together). Succ. 45ᵇ דרך גְּדִילָתָן as the plants grow (not upside down); a. e. ↗ expanded
גְּדִילָה 2 f. = גָּדִיל 1). Sifré Num. 115 שתהא ג׳ יוצא וכ׳ the twisted fringe must start from the border, and the loose fringes out of the twist; Yalk. ib. 750. ↗ expanded
גְּדִילוּ (גדל) plaiting, wreathing. Targ. O. Ex. XXVIII, 14; a. e. (h. text עבת). ↗ expanded
גְּדִילְתָּא (preced.) rope, chain, plat of hair, fringe. Targ. Is. V, 18.—Pl. גְּדִילָן, גְּדִילָתָא. Targ. Jud. XV, 13 sq. Targ. Y. II, Deut. XXII, 12. Targ. O. Ex. XXVIII, 4; 24; a. e. ↗ expanded
גְּדִין , v. גְּדִי ch.—[Targ. Y. Num. XXII, 7 Ar., read אִגְּרִין.] ↗ expanded
גָּדֵירfence, guard, precaution against trespassing the law. Y. Dem. I, 21ᵈ מפני גְדֵירָהּ, מפני גְדֵירוֹ in order to guard it against transgressing. Gen. R. s. 79 (גְּדֵרָן) פרצת גְּדֵירָן של וכ׳ thou hast broken down the guard (enactment) which the scholars have erected; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גְּדֵירָא c. ch. same, fence, partition. Targ. O. Num. XXII, 24; a. e.—ג׳ מיצעא דאודנא the central fence of the ear, anti-helix. Targ. Y. Lev. VIII, 23, a. e. (h. text תְּנוּךְ).—B. Kam. 23ᵇ לגדור מר ג׳ וכ׳ erect you a fence in your field. ↗ expanded
גְּדֵירָה (preced.) fence, fortification; trnsf. guard, self-restraint. Cant. R. to IV, 12 גְּדֵירַת ערוה moral restraint, v. גֶּדֶר.—Pl. גְּדֵירוֹת. Pesik. R. s. 26 saw the Temple (which the angels had set on fire) עשוי לו ג׳ ג׳ של אבנים (Yalk. Jer. 300 גזרות של אבנים) surrounded with stone fences (fortified). ↗ expanded
גְּדִירָה (גדר) cutting dates, date harvest.—Pl. גְּדִירוֹת. B. Bath. 36ᵇ (Ar. a. ed. Pes. גדיד׳), v. גָּדַר. ↗ expanded
גְּדִישׁ (גדש) heaped, liberal measure. Esth. R. to I, 4; v. גְּדִיל. ↗ expanded
גָּדִישׁ 1a heap, esp. of sheaves, shock or stack of grain; [in b. h. also mound]. B. Mets. V, 7 פוסק עמו על הג׳ he may conclude a bargain with him (the early harvester) for the grain in the stack (though no price has been published as yet). Peah VI, 2. Yad. IV, 7.—Pl. גְּדִישִׁים, גְּדִישִׁין. Gen. R. s. 51 end. B. Kam. 60ᵇ. Pesik. Shubah p. 164ᵃ ג׳ ג׳ של עבירות heaps of sins; a. e. [V. גָּדוּשׁ.] ↗ expanded
גָּדִישׁ , pile; mound, Targ. Y. Ex. XXII, 5. Targ. Job V, 26.—Y. Sabb. XVI, 15ᵈ, end, spread his cloak על ג׳ over a burning stalk.—Pl. גְּדִישִׁין. Targ. O. Ex. XXII, 5. Targ. Job XXI, 32. ↗ expanded
גַּדֵּישׁ (גְּדַשׁ II) staff, leader of a blind man. Lev. R. s. 22; Yalk. Koh. 972 והוה ההיא … ג׳ ליה וכ׳ and the seeing man was a leader to the blind man. ↗ expanded
גָּדַל 1 v. גדל II) to be high, to grow, be large, tall. Ex. R. s. 1 שהיה גָדֵל שלא וכ׳ he was extraordinarily tall for his age. Ib. וכי אין הכל גְּדֵילִים do not all children grow?—Y. Maasr. I, 49ᵃ, v. טְפוּס; a. fr. Fem. גְּדֵילָה, pl. גְּדֵילוֹת. Succ. 34ᵃ; a. fr. Pi. גִּדֵּל, גִּידֵּלto raise (of live stock and of plants); to rear, train. Kil. VIII, 1 מותרים לגַדֵּל you are permitted to raise. Snh. 19ᵇ מיכל גִּידְּלָה Michal reared (Mirab’s children). Ib.; Meg. 13ᵃ המְגַדֵּל יתום וכ׳ he who educates an orphan in his house. Gen. R. s. 98 היו … מְגַדְּלִים שער they let their hair grow (in mourning). Erub. 100ᵇ מְגַדָּלֶת שער she lets her hair grow (does not cut it); a. fr. to raise to dignity, make famous; to praise. Hor. 9ᵃ (ref. to Lev. XXI, 10) whence do we know אם אין לו שחייבין לגַדְּלוֹ when he (the Highpriest) is poor, that they (the brethren) are bound to raise him (make him independent)? Ib. גַּדְּלֵהוּ משל אחיו raise him by a collection from his brethren (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.). Esth. R. to III, 1 למה גִדְּלוֹ for what purpose did (the Lord) raise him? Yalk. Esth. 1053 עד היכן גִּידְּלוֹ וכ׳ how high did he raise him? Fifty cubits (to the gallows); a. fr.—Y. Meg. III, end, 74ᶜ (ref. to הגדול, Neh. VIII, 6) במה גִידְּלוֹ wherewith did he magnify the Lord (describe His greatness)?; Yoma 69ᵇ ג׳ בשם וכ׳ he praised the Lord by pronouncing the tetragrammaton; Y. Ber. VII, 11ᶜ גודלו (corr. acc.)—Part. pass. מְגוּדָּלwell grown. Ber. 11ᵃ; a. fr.—Kidd. 49ᵃ; 49ᵇ, v. גַּדֶּלֶת. Hif. הִגְדִּילto grow up, to become of age. Yeb. X, 9 וּמִשֶּׁהִ׳ and after he is of age. Ib. XIII, 1 עד שתַּגְדִּיל until she becomes of age; a. fr. Hithpa. הִתְגַּדֵּל, , Nithpa. נִתְגַּדֵּלto be raised to dignity. Esth. R. to III, 1 יִתְגַּדֵּל ואח"כ יתלה let him first become great and then be hanged. Gen. R. s. 99, end (play on פֹּרָת, Gen. XLIX, 22) ע"י פָּרוֹת נ׳ by means of cows (Pharaoh’s dream) was he raised to power; a. fr.— to be magnified. Y. Ber. IX, 14ᵃ top; Y. Taan. I, 64ᵇ top יִתְגַּדֵּל וכ׳ may Thy Name be glorified, sanctified &c.; a. e. to glorify one’s self, to boast, parade. Ned. 62ᵃ; Ab. IV, 5 אל תעשם עטרה להִתְגַּדֵּל בהם make them (the words of the Law) not a crown to parade therewith. to grow, prosper, be nursed. Tanḥ. V’zoth 1; Pesik. ib. p. 199ᵃ הרי … מִתְגַּדֵּל עמו the poison-bearing tree will be nursed along with it (the health-giving tree). Tanḥ. B’resh. 7 נִתְגַּדַּלְתָּ וחטאת thou didst grow older and didst sin, opp. תינוק היית; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גְּדַל 1 Kidd. 71ᵇ ג׳ ולא נסיב was grown up and not yet married. Pa. גַּדֵּלto raise, rear. Ḥag. 4ᵇ מרים מְגַדְּלָא דרדקי Miryam, the childrens’ nurse. Ithpa. אִתְגַּדַּלto be exalted. Targ. Ps. CIV, 1. ↗ expanded
גָּדַל 2 (v. preced.; cmp. גדש) [to heap up, round;] to plait, dress the hair. Kel. XVI, 7 גּוֹדְלֵי מצנפות capweavers (on a model head, v. אִמּוּם). Ib. XV, 3 וגוֹדְלוֹת and dress their hair. Sabb. X, 6 הגּוֹדֶלֶת she who plaits her hair (on the Sabbath). Ib. 94ᵇ bot. גודלת משום אורגת plaiting the hair (is forbidden on the Sabbath) as an act of weaving; ib. 95ᵃ (another opin.) ג׳ … משום בונה as an act of building. Y. ib. VII, 10ᵈ הגודל כלי צורה he who forms raised figures on a vessel. M. Kat. 11ᵃ ג׳ תנור to build a stove. ↗ expanded
גְּדַל 2 Gitt. 69ᵃ ניגדול תרתי וכ׳ let him twine two threads. M. Kat. 11ᵃ למִיגְדַּל אהורי to weave nets; למי׳ תנורא to build a stove, v. preced.Pa. גַּדֵּלsame. Ḥag. 4ᵇ מרים מְגַדְּלָא נשייא Ms. M. (ed. מג׳ שיער נ׳) Miriam the women’s hair-dresser (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note); Snh. 67ᵃ; Sabb. 104ᵇ (missing in later editions). Succ. 37ᵃ הנהו מְגַדְּלֵי הושענא those twining the willow twigs (v. הוֹשַׁעְנָא). ↗ expanded
גִּדָּלוֹן (גדל) elevation to dignity, rise. Yalk. Ps. 777, v. גִּידּוּל. ↗ expanded
גַּדֶּלֶת (גדל II) hair-dresser. Kel. XV, 3 the sieve-like receptacle של גד׳ (Mish. ed. גּוֹדְלוֹת pl.) of the hair-dresser. Kidd. II, 3 ע"מ שיש לי בת או שפחה גד׳ וכ׳ (Y. a. Talm. ed. 49ᵇ מגודלת, Ar. מגדלת) under the condition that I shall have a (free) girl or a hand-maid as a hair-dresser, and she has none, or ‘that I shall have none’, and she has. Ib. 49ᵃ מי סברת מאי מגודלת גדולה ממש מאי מגודלת גדלת וכ׳ do you think m’guddeleth of the Mishnah means really a well-trained (girl or hand-maid)? It means a hair-dresser, when she may see, I want none to take up my words and carry them to my neighbors. Y. ib. II, 62ᶜ bot. כיני מתניתן בת לגוֹדַלְתֵּיךְ ושפחה לשמשותיך the Mishnah means this: a girl for thy hair-dresser (or thy governess), and a hand-maid for thy attendant. Lev. R. s. 19 נפיים לַגַּ׳ וְהַגַּ׳ וכ׳ let us win the favor of the (queen’s) hair-dresser (or governess), and the hair-dresser will win the queen and the queen the king; Gen. R. s. 100. ↗ expanded
גָּדַם (v. גדד I) to lop off, stump.—Part. pass. גָּדוּם, f. גְּדוּמָה. Zeb. 62ᵇ אמה ג׳ (Y. Yoma IV, 41ᶜ bot. גְּמוּדָה) a reduced cubit, v. אַמָּה. [Gen. R. s. 12 אמה ג׳, read גְּרוּמָה, v. גָּרַם.] Tosef. Bekh. V, 4 אצבעותיו גְּדוּמוֹת ed. Zuck. (Var. גרומות) with stump-like fingers. Hithpa. הִתְגַּדֵּםto be cut off, lopped. Taan. 21ᵃ ידי … יִתְגַּדְּמוּ may my hands … be stumped (through sickness). ↗ expanded
גְּדָנְפָא (גדף, with inserted נ) rim, enclosure. Targ. O. Ex. XXV, 25, a. e. (ed. Berl. גְּדֳ׳, Y. גפוף, h. text מסגרת). Targ. Ezek. XLIII, 13; 17 (h. text גבול).—Succ. 20ᵇ דאית ליה ג׳ (Ms. M. גדפנא, Ar. גדפא) when the matting has a rim (so as to be used as a receptacle for fruits). Ab. Zar. 76ᵃ; 76ᵇ אהדר ליה ג׳ דלישא made a rim of dough around the kettle.—Pl. גְּדַנְפִין, גְּדָנְפַיָא. Targ. I Kings VII, 28 sq. Targ. II Kings XVI, 17. v. גַּדְפָא. ↗ expanded
גָּדַע v. גדד I) to cut, chop, lop off.—Y. Sabb. IV, end, 7ᵃ חריות שגְּדָעָן וכ׳ twigs which one cut off (trimming the date tree) with the intention of using them for &c. (Bab. ib. 50ᵃ גדר).—Part. pass. גָּדוּעַ, f. גְּדוּעָה; pl. גְּדוּעִים, גְּדוּעוֹת. Midr. Till. to Ps. LXXV, end קרני ישראל ג׳ the horns (power) of Israel are lopped off (checked). Pi. גִּידֵּעַ, גִּידַּע . Ib.; Midr. Sam. ch. V, end קרנות שג׳ צדיקו וכ׳ the horns which the Righteous One of the world (the Lord) has lopped. Nif. נִגְדָּעto be lopped, diminished. Cant. R. to III, 7 נ׳ גובה וכ׳ (Var. נגרע, v. גרע) Adam’s high stature was reduced. [V. גָּוַע.] ↗ expanded
גְּדַע *Targ. II Sam. X, 4 (ed. Lag. גרע). Ithpa. אִתְגַּדַּעto be cut, mutilated. Targ. Y. Ex. XII, 12; Num. XXXIII, 4. ↗ expanded
גָּדַף cmp. preced.) to cut, scrape. Part. pass. גָּדוּף, pl. גְּדוּפִין. Pes. 42ᵃ מים הג׳ Ar., v. גָּרַף.—מיתה גְדוּפָה, v. infra. Pi. גִּדֵּף, גִּידֵּףto hollow out, scrape or chisel so as to form an enclosure or rim (cmp. גדפא, גדנפא).). to scrape, to empty to the dregs. Kerith. 7ᵇ (explain. מגדף, Num. XV, 30, as a metaphor) as one says to his neighbor גִּדַּפְתָּ את הקערה וחיסרת Ar. (ed. גֵירַ׳; Sifré Num. 112 גֵרַרְתָּה מן וכ׳) thou hast scraped out the dish and lessened the thickness of the vessel (i.e. besides worshipping the forces of Nature to impair, so to speak, the supremacy of the Creator); he who thus explains, is of the opinion that מגדף means blaspheming the Divine Name; ג׳ הקערה ולא וכ׳ thou hast scraped the dish clean but not impaired it (i.e. to worship natural forces without denying the Divine supremacy); he who thus explains, is of the opinion that מגדף is a worshipper of idols; [Y. Snh. VII, 25ᵇ top גיר׳ את כל וכ׳ thou hast emptied the whole dish and left nothing in it, i.e. thou hast erased the entire Law; Sifré l. c. גררתה וכ׳].—Trnsf. (cmp. ארר, קלל, נקב) to blaspheme (God); to revile, reproach. Kerith. I, 2 אף המְגַדֵּף the blasphemer is also excluded from the rule (and has not to offer a sacrifice in the case of sinning through ignorance); expl. ib. 7ᵇ,Kerith. I, 2 אף המְגַדֵּף the blasphemer is also excluded from the rule (and has not to offer a sacrifice in the case of sinning through ignorance); expl. ib. 7ᵇ, v. supra. Snh. VII, 5; a. fr.—Num. R. s. 10 לפי שהיה מחרפם ומְגַדְּפָם בנחיצה לכן מת מיתה גְדוּפָה וכ׳ because be (Sisera) disgraced and reviled them (the Israelites) with oppressive measures, therefore he died an ignominious death, for (the Lord) delivered him into the hands of a woman; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גְּדַףPa.גַּדֵּיףsame, to blaspheme. Targ. I Kings XXI, 13; a. e.—Y. M. Kat. III, 83ᵇ; Y. Snh. VII, 25ᵇ top. (with ב) to sneer at. Snh. 40ᵇ; Ab. Zar. 35ᵃ … מְגַדֵּף בה ר׳ R. … sneered at the opinion. ↗ expanded
גַּדְפָא (v. גָּדַף) Pi. hollowed out, whence rim, border. Succ. 20ᵇ; Ab. Zar. 76ᵃ; 76ᵇ Ar., v. גְּדָנְפָא. (cmp. כָּנָף) wing. Targ. Job XXXIX, 13. Targ. O. Deut. IV, 17 (ed. Berl. גַּפָּא, v. Berl. Targ. O. II, p. 50); a. e.—B. Bath. 73ᵇ דלי ג׳ (Rashbam דליא לי גדנפא, Ms. O. גפא, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 40) lifted (towards me) a wing.—Trnsf. bird; feather, plumage. Keth. 105ᵇ פרח ג׳ וכ׳ a bird flew on his head. Gitt. 86ᵃ בג׳ דאווזא with a goose feather; Ab. Zar. 28ᵃ. Ḥull. 46ᵇ we put on it ג׳ או רוקא a feather or some spittle.—Pl. גַּדְפִין, גַּדְפֵי (גִּי׳). Targ. Job XXXVIII, 13 borders of the earth. Targ. Ex. XXXVII, 9. Targ. Y. Gen. I, 21; a. e.—B. Bath. l. c. דשמטי גַדְפַיְיהוּ וכ׳ whose feathers fell out on account of their fatness. Ḥull. 31ᵃ we see גידפי דמיפרמי that the rims of the cut throat stand apart (Rashi: that the plumage of the throat is cut through). ↗ expanded
גַּדְּפָן (גדף) blasphemer.—Pl. גַּדְּפָנִין, גֹּודְ׳. Y. M. Kat. III, 83ᵇ משרבו הגד׳ וכ׳ since the (gentile) blasphemers (of the Lord) became too numerous, they (the Israelites) ceased to rend their garments (on hearing blasphemy); Y. Snh. VII, 25ᵇ top הגי׳ (corr. acc.).—Y. Yoma VII, 44ᶜ top; Cant. R. to IV, 4 על הגו׳ (Lev. R. s. 10 על המְגַדְּפִים) atones for the blasphemers. ↗ expanded
גָּדַר v. גדד I) to cut, esp. to harvest dates. B. Mets. 89ᵇ (Ar. גדד, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 300). B. Bath. 36ᵇ עד שיגדור ג׳ גדירות until he has reaped three date harvests.—Y. Sabb. VII, 9ᶜ top; Bab. Sabb. 73ᵇ (terms equivalent to קוצר); Y. ib. 10ᵃ ed. Krot. הגורד (corr. acc.).—Sabb. 50ᵃ; 125ᵇ חריות … שגְּדָרָן לעצים twigs of a date tree which one cut with the intention of using them for fuel; v. גָּדַע.—Tosef. Ber. IV, 21; a. fr.—*Part. pass. גָּדוּרcut down. Tosef. Shebi. IV, 13 כרם ג׳ בציפורי (Var. גדול; R. S. to Shebi. VI, 4 גריד) a ruined vineyard in Zepphoris. to surround with aגֶּדֶר, fence in; to limit, control, ward off. B. Kam. 23ᵃ שהיה לו לגוֹדְרָהּ ולא גְדָרָהּ he ought to have fenced it in and did not do so. Tosef. M. Kat. I, 7 חומת … גֹּודְרִין אותה if a city wall is broken into, we may fence it in (repair it, during the festive week).—Gen. R. s. 49 (play on haaf, Gen. XVIII, 23) אתה גוֹדֵר את האף והאף לא יִגְדָּרְךָ Thou controllest the anger, but the anger does not control Thee.—Y. Ber. IX, end, 14ᶜ וגוֹדְרָהּ, v. זָקֵן I.—Mikv. V, 6 גודר כלים one may form a dam with garments (Tosef. ib. IV, 10 גרר, corr. acc.). Y. Ber. III, 6ᶜ דבר שהוא גוֹדֵר את ישראל מן וכ׳ a custom which guards Israel from sin. Lev. R. s. 24 מי שהוא גודר עצמו וכ׳ (Y. Yeb. II, 3ᵈ top פורש) he who guards himself against sin (restraining himself from anything unchaste) is called holy. Gen. R. s. 70 גָּדְרוּ עצמן וכ׳ trained themselves to chastity; a. fr.—Part. pass. גָּדוּרabstinent, chaste. Lev. R. s. 22 ומעצמו הוא ג׳ and he will become abstinent of his own accord. Gen. R. l. c. אנשי מזרח גְּדוּרִים וכ׳ the people of the East are chaste; a. fr.—ג׳ פרצה (or sub. פרצה) to fence in a breach, to remedy calamities, also to check lawlessness by preventive measures (v. גְּזֵרָה). Ber. 19ᵃ שתִּגְדֹּור וכ׳ that Thou repair our breaches (relieve us); B. Bath. 91ᵇ.—Lev. R. s. 1 (play on Abigdor I Chr. IV, הרבה גוֹדְרִין וכ׳ Israel had many fencemakers (guardians against sin). Ruth. R. s. 2, a. fr.—Erub. 6ᵃ, a. e. ג׳ בה גדר, v. בִּקְעָה.—[Y. Erub. X, 26ᵇ bot. דלת גודרת וכ׳; Tosef. ib. XI (VII), 18 גוררת ed. Zuck., Var. גוד׳, v. גָּרַר.]—[Y. Sabb. XV, 15ᵇ top וגדרתא, read וּגְדָרַתָּהּ.] Nif. נִגְדָּרto be guarded; to guard one’s self. Y. Sabb. XVII, beg. 16ᵃ כיון שנִגְדְּרוּ (ib. III, 6ᵃ top שנִתְגַּדְּרוּ) when they had been trained (to guard against desecrating the Sabbath). Lev. R. s. 32 נ׳ כל הנשים וכ׳ all women were made chaste through her meritorious example; a. e. Pi. גִּידֵּרto cut into. Gitt. 56ᵇ; Lev. R. s. 20; 22; Num. R. s. 18 וגִידּ׳ את הפרוכת and cut into the curtain (Koh. R. to V, 8; Tanḥ. Ḥuck. 1 וגָד׳). [Tosef. Shebi. III, 20 מְגַדֵּר בחורשין Var. (ed. Zuck. מברך) to cut into, to clear thickets, v. בהה.] Hithpa. הִתְגַּדֵּר [ [to cut one’sself off from others,] to distinguish one’s self, to excel; to raise one’s self above others, to arrogate power, be presumptuous. Ber. 17ᵃ כשם שהוא אינו מִתְגַּדֵּר וכ׳ as he cannot excel in my work (study), so can I not in his (field labor). Ḥull. 7ᵃ my predecessors have left room for me להִתְגַּדֵּר בו to distinguish myself; Yoma 78ᵃ; (Y. Dem. II, 22ᶜ bot. עטרה להתעטר, Ar. להתגדר).—Ned. 81ᵃ כדי שלא יִתְגַּדְּרוּ על וכ׳ in order that they may not be presumptuous towards the people; v. גָּבַר Hithpa. [Mekh. B’shall., Vayassa 1 כבן שמתגדר וכ׳, v. גָּרַר II.] to be trained, v. supra Nif. ↗ expanded
גְּדַרto fence in; to check. B. Kam. 23ᵇ, v. גְּדֵירָא. Yeb. 90ᵇ מִיגְדַּר מילתא שאני a measure to check something (an extraordinary measure for checking lawlessnes) is something different, allows of no analogies.— to cut off, deduct. Esth. R. to I, 4 גַּדְרָאנֵיה מן פורני I will deduct it from my dowry. [Ib. to I, 9 אנא מגדיר, v. גְּרַר.] ↗ expanded
גֶּדֶר 1 (v. גָּדֵיר) fence, partition. Peah II, 3. Y. ib. 16ᵈ ג׳ מחובר a hedge, v. חָבַר. B. Kam. 23ᵃ [read:] ונפל הג׳ (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) and the partition wall fell in; a. v. fr.—Trnsf. guard against trespassing the law, restraint, preventive measure (v. גְּזֵרָה). Tosef. Shebi. III, 13 לא גזרו אלא ג׳ שיכול לעמוד they (the scholars) erect only such a fence as can stand, i.e. enact only practicable measures (v. גָּזַר). Snh. 21ᵃ ג׳ גדול גָּדְרָה וכ׳ Tamar erected a great guard at the time (became a warning to girls). Lev. R. s. 26 the serpent פרץ גִּדְרוֹ של עולם made a breach in the fence of the world (opened the way to lawlessness). Lev. R. s. 24, a. fr. ג׳ ערוה guard against immorality, chastity, v. גָּדַר; a. fr.—Y. Pes. I, 27ᶜ bot. ויש ג׳ לג׳ can a preventive rabbinical law (גְּזֵרָה) be enacted as a guard for another preventive law?—Pl. גְּדֵרוֹת. Lev. R. s. 24; a. e., v. גָּדֵיר. ↗ expanded
גֶּדֶר 2Geder (Gadara), capital of Peraea, v. גְּדוֹר. Pesik. R. s. 21 (p. 107ᵃ ed. Fr.) מן הגודר (read גדור or גדר), v. גַּיּוּס; ib. (p. 108ᵃ) מן הג׳.—R. Hash. 23ᵇ, v. גְּדוֹר. Esth. R. to I, 3, v. אַרְכִיּוֹן.—Y. Kidd. III, 64ᵈ top חמתא דג׳ Ḥamtha (Hot Springs) near G.—Sabb. 109ᵃ מי ג׳ springs of G.—Erub. 61ᵃ; Tosef. ib. VI (V), 13 שיהו בני ג׳ יומין וכ׳ that the inhabitants of G. were permitted to go down to Ḥamtha (on the Sabbath), but &c., v. טַטְּרֵג. ↗ expanded
גָּדֵשׁGadesh, in Gilead. Midr. Sam. ch. XXX; XXXII (expl. הגלעדה II Sam. XXIV, 6). ↗ expanded
גָּדַשׁto heap up, to put up stacks of grain. Pes. 56ᵃ; Men. 71ᵃ גּוֹדְשִׁין לפני העומר they put the stacks of grain up before offering the Omer (v. עוֹמֶר); Tosef. Pes. II (III), 19 (corr. acc.). Tosef. B. Kam. VI, 24 השאילו לִגְדּוֹשׁ … וגָ׳ וכ׳ if he lent him a spot to pile wheat on it, and he piled barley; a. fr.—2) to give heaped measure, opp. מחק to strike. B. Bath. V, 11 where the usage is למחוק לא יִגְדּוֹש וכ׳ to strike grain, one must not heap (even for special remuneration) &c.; a. fr.—Part. pass. גָּדוּשׁ, f. גְּדוּשָׁה, brimful, overflowing, heaped. Tam. V, 4. Yoma 48ᵃ גְּדוּשׁוֹת, v. טָפַף I. Gen. R. s. 22 חטאו … ג׳ ומְגוּדָּשׁ the measure of thy sin is heaped to excess.—Sabb. 153ᵇ; Tosef. ib. I, 17; Y. ib. I, 3ᶜ (את ה)סאה בו ביום גָּדְשׁוּ on that day (of rabbinical enactments) they overfilled the measure (of laws). Nif. נִגְדַּשׁto be heaped up, to tower up. Men. IX, 5 היו נִגְדָּשׁוֹת were heaped, v. גּוֹדֶשׁ. Sot. 34ᵃ the waters נִגִדָּשִׁין ועולין rose more and more. Pi. גִּידֵּשׁsame. Part. pass. מְגוּדָּשׁ, v. supra. Hif. הִגְדִּישׁto pile up stacks. B. Kam. VI, 3. ↗ expanded
גָּהָה (for dialect. change of ה a. ח, cmp. גבח a. גבה) to swell, bulge; to hang over (cmp. בָּעַט I). M. Kat. 7ᵃ כותל הגּוֹהֶה וכ׳ Ar. (ed. ח) a wall inclining towards the public road; Tosef. ib. I, 7 גּוֹאֶה ed. Zuck. (Var. גוהה); Y. ib. I, 80ᶜ bot.; a. e.—Succ. 45ᵃ כדי שיהו גוׄהוׄת על וכ׳ (ed. גוחות, Ms. M. גבוהות) that the willows might overtop the altar one cubit. [Cmp. Ps. XXII, 7 גֹּחִי bending over me, protecting.] ↗ expanded
גְּהַט (cmp. גהץ) to polish over, erase. Part. Peïl גְּהִיט, גְּחִיטerased. Ber. 56ᵃ ו"ו דפטר חמור ג׳ וכ׳ (for right vers. v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) the Vav in Peter Ḥămor (Ex. XIII, 13) of thy T’fillin is erased (had by mistake been written and its erasure could be noticed). ↗ expanded
גָּהַץ (cmp. גהט) to be bright, glad, willing. Gen. R. s. 39 [combine text of ed. with vers. of Ar. and read:] וא"ת שלא ג׳ אברהם ושמח על דבור המקום שאילו ג׳ ושמח למה לא יצא and if you will say, Abraham was not glad and joyful over the command of the Lord (to leave his home), for if he were so, why did he not emigrate (until he was commanded)? Pi. גִּיהֵץ,Hif. הִגְהִיץto polish (clothes), iron, gloss. Cant. R. to IV, 11 the cloud rubbed their clothes ומַגְהִיצָן and polished them; Midr. Till. to Ps. XXIII ומְגַהֲצָן; Yalk. Deut. 850; Yalk. Ps. 691 ענני כביד היו מְגַהֲצִין וכ׳; Pesik. B’shall. p. 92ᵃ מַגְהִיצִים וכ׳; (Deut. R. s. 7 ומלבנן). Ib. אין מג׳ אלא באור, (v. אַמְיַינְטוֹן) is cleansed only by fire.—Part. Pu. מְגיּהָץ, pl. מְגוּהָצִין. Pes. 109ᵃ. Y. M. Kat. III, 82ᵃ bot. Hithpa. הִתְגָּהֵץto be polished. Cant. R. l. c., a. parallel, passages, v. supra. ↗ expanded
גֵּוbelly, body; prep. within, among. Keth. 15ᵃ; B. Kam. 44ᵇ, a. e. זורק אבן לגו one who throws a stone into (a crowd); Yalk. Deut. 921 לגוי (corr. acc.). Keth. 111ᵃ; Kidd. 44ᵇ דברים בגו there is something in it, v. גַּב end. ↗ expanded
גֵּו ² (= h. קֶרֶב) belly; innermost. Targ. Ex. XXIX, 13; a. e. Targ. Prov. XXVI, 24. Targ. O. Deut. III, 16 (h. text תּוֹךְ); a. fr.—Sabb. 152ᵇ לגַוֵּיה דביתא (insert וליזול) and go home. Cant. R. to IV, 8 like the hen דמנערא גפה מגווא קטמא (read מִגּוֹא) that shakes her wings off (rising) from between the ashes (Gen. R. s. 75 beg. מן קיטמא). Cant. R. to I, 7 יומא דהוה קאים בגַוֵּיה the day on which he stood, i.e. that every day; a. fr.—Pl. גַּוַּיָּא. Targ. Prov. XX, 27 (ed. Lag. גַּוַּיָּיה). (with or without ב) among, amid; in, into. Targ. Ex. XIV, 22; a. fr.—Y. Peah VIII, 20ᵈ bot. מן גּוֹא לפסא out of the pot. Ḥull. 41ᵃ אית ליה שותפות בגַוָּהּ he owns a share in it. Ib. 48ᵇ קופא לגֵיו if the head of the pin is towards the inside. Lev. R. s. 12 את מפני מלגאו … מלבר pour thou out from inside (the hole), and I shall drink from outside. B. Mets. 53ᵇ sq., v. בַּר I ch. a. חוּמְשָׁא.—Pes. 110ᵇ אתית לגו, אתית לגאו I have come among (you). Y. Keth. XII, 35ᵇ; Y. Kil. IX, 32ᶜ bot. גוא ארעא וכ׳ in a unclean land. Y. Keth. l. c.ᵃ bot.; Y. Kil. l. c.ᵇ bot. (גובני) גו בני in the bath-house. Y. Ned. IX, 41ᵇ bot. גו שמשא in the sun (in sunlight); a. v. fr.—מן גו, מִגּוֹ, מִיגּוֹbecause, in consequence of. Y. Taan. II, 65ᵇ, v. בּוּךְ. Y. Ber. I, 3ᵇ top מן גו דאינון ציבחר because they are brief.—B. Mets. 39ᵇ מיגו דמוקמינן וכ׳ since we have to appoint a guardian for &c. Ib. 5ᵇ, a. fr. מ׳ דחשיד אממונא וכ׳ since he is suspected of wrong-doing in money matters, he is also suspected of swearing falsely; a. fr.—Hence מִיגּוֹ, מִגּוֹMiggo, 1) (= h. מִתּוֹךְ, Shebu. 45ᵇ, and מֵאַחַר, v. אַחַר) a legal rule according to which a deponent’s statement is accepted as true on the ground that, if he had intended to tell a lie, he might have invented one more advantageous to his case (cmp. B. Bath. 31ᵃ מה לו לשקר אי בעי וכ׳ why should he lie? If he wanted to lie, he might have said &c.). Keth. 16ᵃ התם מאי מ׳ איכא what miggo is there in that case, i.e. what choice did she have in inventing a statement, if she intended to tell a lie? Ib. מכדי האי מ׳ והאי מ׳ וכ׳ since in this case there is the legal presumption of a miggo, and so is in the other, what is the difference between the one miggo and the other?; a. fr.—2) (cmp. אַגַּב) an action declared valid because one part of it was indisputably legitimate, or because the legal status required for its legitimacy might easily have been obtained. B. Mets. 9ᵇ מ׳ דאי בעי מפקר וכ׳ since, if he wanted, he might have declared his possession public property, in which case he would have obtained the legal status of poverty entitling him to the corner of the field (פֵּאָה), and since (if he had resigned his property) he would have been entitled to take possession of the corner for himself, he has a right also to take possession of it in behalf of his neighbor. Ib. תרי מ׳ לא אמרינן two miggos cannot be accepted, i.e. two conditions required to make an action legitimate cannot be dispensed with. Ib. 8ᵃ. Ned. 88ᵇ; a. e. ↗ expanded
גַּוָּאָה (preced.) inner, inside (adj. a. adv.) Targ. I Kings VI, 27; a. e.—Zeb. 15ᵃ דקאי ג׳ stands inside. Ib. לג׳, v. בְּרָאִי. Y. Sabb. VIII, 11ᵃ top בהין גיויא of the inside (reed), opp. בראה.—Pl. גַּוָּואִין, גַּוָּואֵי. Targ. Y. Num. VI, 4.—Ḥull. 47ᵃ bot. מג׳ from the inner lungs (lower part), opp. אַגַּבָּא. B. Bath. 29ᵇ שכוני ג׳ the interior compartments. Ḥag. 5ᵇ בתי ג׳ the inner chambers of the heavens; a. fr.—Fem. גַּוַּיְתָא. Targ. Ezek. XL, 27; a. e.—Pl. גַּוְיָאתָא. Erub. 25ᵇ גודא ג׳ (read גודי, Ms. M. גודי גואי) inner partitions. ↗ expanded
גּוֹאֵלvindicator, redeemer, relative entitled to redemption (Lev. XXV, 25 sq.); in general relation.—ג׳ הדם avenger of blood, nearest relation (Num. XXXV, 19 sq.). Macc. II, 7. Ib. 12ᵃ [read:] אב שהרג בנו בנו נעש׳ לו ג׳ הדם when a father killed a son of his, his (surviving) son becomes the avenger of blood. Tanḥ. Masé 11 וימצא אותו הג׳ and the avenger may meet him; Num. R. s. 23 ג׳ הדם. Macc. 10ᵃ (ref. to Deut. XIX, 6) בג׳ הדם הכתוב וכ׳ the text means the avenger (is not punished); a. fr.—Pl. גּוֹאֲלִים, גּוֹאֲלִין. B. Kam. 109ᵃ; Kidd. 21ᵃ (ref. to Num. V, 8) וכי יש אדם שאין לו ג׳ is there a person … without relations (heirs)?; Snh. 68ᵇ גואל. B. Kam. l. c.ᵇ; Snh. 69ᵃ בידוע שאין לו ג׳ it is known that the minor has no heirs (offspring); a. fr.—Esp. the redeemer from captivity, also the Lord. Lev. R. s. 32 end; Cant. R. to IV, 7; Koh. R. to IV, 1 (ref. to וגֻלָּהּ, Zech. IV, 2) one reads גּוֹלֶה (He emigrates), and one reads גּוֹאֲלָהּ (not גאולה) her Redeemer (goes at the head of Israel). Ib. מאן דאמר גואלה פרוקא (not גאולה) he who reads גואלה means ‘the Redeemer’ as it says (Is. XLVII, 4), Our redeemer &c.—Pesik. S’liḥ. p. 166ᵇ אין … אלא בג׳ מלא they will be redeemed only through a complete redeemer (ref. to גואל Is. LIX, 20 written plene). Ex. R. s. 26 beg.; a. fr.—Pl. as above. Gen. R. s. 85; Yalk. ib. 145 מהיכן ג׳ עומדים (not גדולים) whence will the redeemers rise (if not from Judah)? Ib. ג׳ אני מעוברת I am going pregnant with redeemers (of Israel). ↗ expanded
גּוּאַלְקָא (Arab. ḡuwâliḳ, Pers. ḡawâlakh = hippopera, Freytag s. v.) long pouch as a receptacle for grain, thrown over the shoulders or across an animal’s back, haversack. Taan. 23ᵇ הבו לי גוּאַלְקִי וכ׳ (Ar. … קא; Ms. M. 2 שקיל גולקא, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 200) get me my haversack, and I shall go and buy &c.—Pl. גּוֹאַלְקָאן, גּוֹאַלְקֵי. Targ. Lam. V, 5.—Sabb. 154ᵇ, v. חֶבֶר (where Var. lect. are quoted). Succ. 20ᵇ חזו לגואלקי Ms. M. (ed. לגולקי) are fit for haversacks. ↗ expanded
גּוֹב (גבב, cmp. גֶּבֶא) pit; ג׳ אריות lions’den. Ex. R. s. 18, end הציל לדניאל מג׳ א׳ He rescued Daniel from the lions’ den. Deut. R. s. 2; a. e. ↗ expanded
גּוֹב ²same. Dan. VI, 8; 13; 17 sq.—Targ. Ex. XXI, 33 sq. (some ed. גּוֹבָא); Targ. Ps. XLIV, 26 (ed. Vien. גּוּבָא); a. e.—Y. Ab. Zar. IV, 44ᵃ bot. נפל לג׳ fell into a wine pit, v. זְחַל.—Pl. גּוּבִּין, גּוּבַּיָּא, גּוּבֵּי, גוֹב׳. Targ. Jer. II, 13. Targ. Gen. XXXVII, 20 ed. Berl. גּוּבַּ׳ (Y. גּוֹבַ׳). (cmp. גַּב, גַּבָּא) body, trunk, untrimmed log.—Pl. גּוּבֵּי or גּוֹבֵי. B. Kam. 96ᵃ ג׳ דדיקלא logs of a date-tree. Ib. ג׳ ועבדינהו וכ׳, v. כָּשׁוֹרָא. Sabb. 109ᵇ the swallowed serpent came out of his body ג׳ ג׳ in single trunks (sections of the body). M. Kat. 24ᵃ ג׳ דדיקנא chin, v. גַּב (Rashi: the dimples of the chin). back, top. Targ. Prov. IX, 3 Ms. על ג׳ (cmp. על גַּב; ed. גִּיב, h. text גַּפֵּי). *prep. (cmp. גַּבֵּי־ s. v. גַּב) מן גובי־out of. Y. Keth. II, 35ᵃ ומן גוביהן עבד וכ׳ and out of these (seventeen years) he spent thirteen years suffering with tooth-ache; Y. Kil. IX, 32ᵇ ומן גובעין (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
גּוֹבָאlocust, v. גּוֹבַאי. Targ. Ex. X, 4; a. fr.—*Pl. גּוֹבַיָּיא. Targ. Y. II, Gen. XXIII, 2 ed. pr. a. ed. Ven. (later ed. גובריאgiants, Anak and his three sons, v. Gen. R. s. 58; h. text ארבע). ↗ expanded
גּוֹבַאי [the hump-backed,] gobay, a species of edible locusts. Ber. VI, 3. Sabb. 32ᵇ. Y. Taan. I, end, 64ᵈ שני דברים … וג׳ two calamities, drought and locusts. Ib. III, 66ᵈ (homiletic etymology) why is it called גוביי? דו גבי דינא וכ׳ because it collects the (fines of) judgment of the Lord. ↗ expanded
גּוֹבְבָתָא (גבב) hills, esp. Gob’batha, near Sepphoris. Gen. R. s. 98 (ref. to גת החפר, I Kings XIV, 25) אילין ג׳ דציפורין that is G. near Sepph. Koh. R. to IX, 10 the lamentations over the death of Rabbi at Sepph. were heard עד גובבתה וכ׳ (some ed. גובתתה, גובח׳, corr. acc.) as far as Gob., a distance of three mil; ib. to VII, 11 גופתתא; Y. Kil. V, 32ᵇ top לגו פפתה (combine in one w.); Y. Keth. XII, 35ᵃ top לגו פתתה (corr. acc.). [Y. Snh. VII, end, 25ᵈ גופתא דציפורין; Y. Ber. III, 6ᵃ bot.; Y. Naz. VII, 56ᵃ top גופנא דציפ׳ (corr. acc.). Y. Shek. VII, 50ᶜ bot.; Y. Succ. II, 53ᵃ top גופתא—prob. the same as גובב׳.] V. גּוּבְתָּא. ↗ expanded
גּוֹבַהּheight, elevation; thick, fleshy part (cmp. גַּב). Midd. IV, 1 גָּבְהוֹ Ib. 6. גּוֹבְהוֹ; a. fr.—Men. 37ᵇ ג׳ שביד the thickest part of the upper arm (קיבורת); ג׳ שבראש the highest point of the forehead. Y. Yeb. VIII, 9ᵃ; Y. Sabb. XIX, end, 17ᵇ; Bab. Sabb. 137ᵇ גּוֹבְהָהּ של עטרה the thickest part of the apex. ↗ expanded
גּוֹבְהָא Targ. Y. Ex. XIII, 9 (corresp. to Men. 37ᵇ, v. preced.). Targ. Job V, 7 (some ed. גובאה, corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
גּוֹבַיָּאGobaya, a Babylonian place or district, (v. Graetz, Koenigr. Messene, in programme of the Rabbin. Semin., Breslau 1879). Kidd. 72ᵃ; Y. Yeb. I, 3ᵇ top; גווכייא (corr. acc.); Y. Kidd. IV, 65ᵈ top גַבְבַיָּא.—Denom. pl. גּוֹבָאֵי. Kidd. 70ᵇ (phonetic play) ג׳ גבעונאי Gobeans are legally considered like Gibeonites (v. גִּבְעוֹנִי); Y. Yeb. l. c. גווכאי (corr. acc.); Y. Kidd. l. c. גַּבְבָאֵי, גַּבְבָיֵי. Ber. 17ᵇ ג׳ טפשאי foolish Gobeans. ↗ expanded
גּוֹבַיְינָא = h. גִּיבּוּי, collection. Yeb. 66ᵇ, a. e. מחוסר ג׳ wanting collection (not yet collected). B. Mets. 110ᵇ landed property כיון דלג׳ קיימא וכ׳ because it is ready to be collected from, (is seizable for debts and cannot be hidden), is considered as if collected. ↗ expanded
גּוֹבֶל (גבל, v. גְּבוּל) border of the field, balk, ridge. Kil. III, 1 sq. Ms. M. (ed. גבול). Y. ib. 28ᶜ (R. S. to Kil. III, 1, reads: גבול).—Pl. גּוֹבְלִין. Ib. ↗ expanded
גּוּבְלָא (גבל; v. גְּבִיל) a thick dough-like mass. Ber. 38ᵃ ג׳ בעלמא הוא it is a mere thick mass (no bread). ↗ expanded
גּוּבְלָאֵי (v. גַּבְלָא) of Gabla, Idumeans. Targ. Ps. LXXXIII, 8 ed. (Var. גּוּבְנָאֵי, Ms. גִּיבְלֵי). ↗ expanded
גּוּבְלָנָא ch. = h. גַּבְלָן. Y. Ab. Zar. II, 41ᶜ top לגובלנ׳; Y. Meg. III, 73ᵈ bot. לגוולנה. ↗ expanded
גּוּבְנָא ch. m. = h. גְּבִינָה, cheese. Y. Shek. VII, 50ᶜ bot. עיגול דג׳ a loaf of cheese. Y. M. Kat. III, 83ᵇ bot.—Pl. גּוּבְנִין. Targ. I Sam. XVII, 18. Targ. Jud. V, 25 (cream, h. text חמאה). Targ. Ps. LV, 22 (h. text (מ)חֲמָאוֹת). Targ. Job XX, 17; XXIX, 6 Ms. (v. לְוָואֵי). ↗ expanded
גּוּבְרָא = גַּבְרָא, man, husband. Targ. Koh. V, 11.—Y. Taan. I, 64ᵇ bot.; a. fr.—Pl. גּוּבְרִין, גּוּבְרַיָּא. Targ. Y. Deut. I, 13; a. e.—Snh. 65ᵇ מה גבר מגו׳ what is the difference between man and men (you and common people). Ber. 31ᵇ גברא בגו׳ a man among men (a distinguished man). Gitt. 45ᵃ עדי ג׳ וכ׳ these (our captors) are men and those (our husbands) in Nehardea are men (Rashi: our masters, husbands), a. fr. strength, skill. Nidd. 25ᵇ; 64ᵇ דרב גּוּבְרֵיה because his skill (physiological knowledge) was great. ↗ expanded
גּוּבְשָׁא (גבש) hill, mound.—Pl. גּוּבְשָׁתָא. Targ. Zeph. I, 10 Kimḥi (ed. גִּבְעָתָא). ↗ expanded
גּוּבְתָּא (v. גּוֹבְבָתָא) hill (or pit), esp. Gubta, Gabta, name of several places, as ג׳ דאריח, v. אֲרִיחַ; גּוֹבַת שמאי, v. סִימַאי &c. ↗ expanded
גּוּבְתָא (cmp. גֵּב) little reservoir, whence tube, channel. Targ. II Esth. I, 3 ג׳ דכוחלא the tube containing the eye-paint; Ber. 18ᵇ גּוּבְתָאִי דכ׳ my tube &c.—Sabb. 90ᵇ רמי ליה בג׳ דנחשא one puts it into a bronze tube. Ib. 146ᵇ ג׳ to insert a tube into the barrel. Ḥull. 58ᵇ ההיא ג׳ וכ׳ a channel was discovered forming the passage from the second stomach &c. Yeb. 75ᵇ ג׳ דשכבת זרע the channel for the effusion of semen. ↗ expanded
גּוּך (sec. r. of (sec. r. of אָגַד I) to bind; denom. גִּיד.—[Polel גּוֹדֵד, fr. which גְּדוּד.] (denom. of גדוד) to form a faction; (b. h. to attack in small bands). Yeb. 13ᵇ (ref. to Deut. XIV, 1, v. גָּדַד I) if lo tithgod’du were meant only in the one sense of ‘ye shall form no factions’, it would have read לֹא תָגוּדוּ. Hithpol. הִתְגּוֹדֵדto form bands, factions. Ib. 14ᵃ כי אמרינן לא תתגודדו the law against factions applies only to &c.—Sifré Deut. 96; [Pesik. Zutr. R’eh (p. 43) מלשון גדוד]. ↗ expanded
*גּוֹד (נגד) [stretched,] leather bag for wine, milk &c.; which travellers at night stretch like a tent in order to let the cool air strike it, large leather bottle. Sabb. 138ᵃ הג׳ … לא יעשה (Ms. M. הנוד a. O., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) one must not stretch the bag &c. on the Sabbath. Ib.ᵇ, v. כֶּסֶךְ. ↗ expanded
*גּוֹדָא Succ. 48ᵇ out of this man’s (thy) skin משוינן ליה ג׳ (Ms. M. 2 נודא) we shall make a bottle. ↗ expanded
גּוּדָּא 1 (גְּדַד) partition, wall. Targ. Ps. LXII, 4 (ed. Vien. גּוּדָא; Ms. גודרא, h. text גדר). Targ. Koh. X, 8 ג׳ דעלמא the world’s fence (morality).—B. Bath. 2ᵃ (explain. מתיצה, Mish. ib. I, 1) it means ג׳ wall (not פלוגתא division). Ib. 36ᵃ מג׳ דערודי ולבר the land outside the fence which is erected to protect the fields from beasts. Sabb. 110ᵇ בין תנורא לג׳ between the stove and the wall. Taan. 21ᵃ ג׳ רעיעא (Ms. M.; Yalk. Deut. 897 אשיתא) a ruinous wall. Koh. R. to X, 7 טריף רישיה אג׳ he knocked his head against the wall. B. Kam. 92ᵇ (prov.) קרית חברך … רמי ג׳ רבה שדי ביה (Ms. M. דחי גידא רבא וכ׳, Ms. R. a. Yalk. Ez. 364 דחי ג׳ רמי שדי עילויה) when thou hast called thy neighbor (cautioning him), and he would not answer, push down a big wall and throw it at him (he deserves to suffer).—Pl. with suff. גּוּדָּהָא. Targ. Ps. LXXX, 13 (ed. Vien. גּוּדְרָהָא, Ms. גדירהא, h. text גְּדֵרֶיהָ). (cmp. גִּידּוּד) banks. Taan. 24ᵇ; Yoma 77ᵇ ג׳ דנהר וכ׳ the hanks of &c. *Gitt. 73ᵃ אַגּוּדָּא דנהר וכ׳ Ar. (ed. אגידא, v. next w.) on the banks of &c. ↗ expanded
גּוּדָא (גּוּד) junction, joined boards. Ḥag. 15ᵃ כי גו׳ דגמלא (Ms. M. 2 כגידא) as the boards of a landing bridge are placed side by side (leaving small slits). Snh. 7ᵃ דמי לגו׳ דגמלא וכ׳ (Ms. M. לגי׳, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) like the junction of a landing bridge (which is at first shaky, but,) once put up, grows firmer.—*Gitt. 73ᵃ bought poppy seed, אגידא דנהר וכ׳ deliverable at the landing of &c.; v. preced.—Y. Meg. I, 71ᵈ top גו׳ דרצועתא the seam of the straps (of the phylacteries). V. גִּידָא. ↗ expanded
גּוּדָּא 2Gudda. Ab. Zar. 32ᵃ (Ms. M. גּוּרָא, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note). ↗ expanded
גּוֹדֶלgreatness. Erub. 21ᵇ כבודי וגוֹדְלִי, my glory and my greatness.—Ex. R. s. 29; Cant. R. to I, 2 גָּדְלוֹ His greatness.—Ib. to II, 4; Num. R. s. 2 (play on ודגלו, Cant. l. c.) וגוֹדְלוֹ עלי אהבה even his (the child’s) elevating himself over Me (by putting his finger on the Divine Name) is (a token of) love; (Tanḥ. B’midb. 10 ודגלו; ed. Bub. ib. note וגִידּוּלוֹ Ms. R.). pile.—Pl. גּוֹדְלִין. Y. B. Mets. II, beg. 8ᵇ עשויין ג׳ (coins found) piled up (assorted according to their sizes, pyramid-like; Bab. B. Mets. 25ᵃ כמִגְדָּלִין). ↗ expanded
גּוּדָל (גדל, v. אֲגוּדָל) thumb, great toe. [Cant. R. to II, 4 גוּדְלוֹ עלי וכ׳ the child’s pointing with his finger (comment.); v., however, preced. w.] Y. Ber. I, 2ᶜ top עקב בצד ג׳ heel touching toe (in walking); Sabb. 62ᵇ (expl. הלוך וטפוף, Is. III, 16).—Pl. גּוּדָלִים, גּוּדָלִין, constr. גּוּדְלֵי. Sabb. 151ᵇ ג׳ רגליו his great toes. ↗ expanded
גּוֹדְלָנָא (גדל, v. גְּדִיל) the heap, the difference between stricken and heaped measure. Y. Pes. IV, end, 31ᶜ [read:] אנא מחשׂכנא ג׳ וכ׳ I will deduct the difference from my dowry, v. חֲשַׂךְ. ↗ expanded
גּוֹדְרוֹת (denom. of גדרהfold, Num. XXXII, 16) animals living in folds (which they leave in day-time), in gen. moving live stock. B. Bath. 36ᵃ; Gitt. 20ᵇ; Keth. 84ᵇ הג׳ אין להם חזקה the possession of fold-animals is no evidence of ownership (as they may have come over by accident). B. Mets. 69ᵃ בג׳ כ"ד חדש fold-animals (small cattle given out for raising on half-profit) must be attended to twenty four months (before a division of profits can be demanded by the keeper). ↗ expanded
גּוּדְרִיתָא (גדר) partition;ג׳ דקני (= h. חיצת קנים) a hedge of reeds spreading from a common stem. Erub. 19ᵇ (Ms. M. גּוּדְרְיָיתָא, pl.; Ar. גורדייתא). Sabb. 50ᵇ בגורד׳ דקני ed. (corr. בגודר׳, Ms. M. בגרירתא, corr. בגדיר׳; Ar. בי גזרתא) (to put a knife) between the branches of a hedge of reeds. [The vers. of Ar. proves גודר׳ to be the proper version and גורד׳ or גריר׳, corruptions.] ↗ expanded
גּוֹדֶשׁ (גדש) the heap, the top over the level of a dry measure. Zeb. 62ᵇ כמחק ג׳ סאה as thick as the instrument for striking off the top of a S’ah. Men. IX, 5 (90ᵃ) היה גוֹדְשָׁהּ לתוכה (Var. גָדְשָׁהּ) its heap was added to the measure, i.e. the additional quantity forming the top of other measures, was contained in the Highpriest’s measure which was so much larger. ↗ expanded
גּוּדְשָׁא Erub. 14ᵇ ההוא לג׳ this refers to heaped measure (dry quantities). Ib. ההוא ג׳ תילתא הוי that top in dry measures amounts to one third of the entire quantity; Sabb. 35ᵃ ↗ expanded
גּוּהָא (Ms. M. גִיהָא) m. (גנה = גנח, or גוה = גוח, v. Nöld. Mand. Gr. p. 52) an abrupt sound, a subterranean thunder, earthquake, rumbling. Ber. 59ᵃ defining זְוָעוֹת (Mish. ib. IX, 2). Ib. גנח ג׳ (Ms. M. גנא גי׳) a thunder roared (a rumbling was heard). Ib. ג׳ ג׳ עביד it really comes in one rumbling sound after the other. ↗ expanded
גּוּהַרְקָא 1 (a corrupt. of גרהוקא, carruca, καροῦχα, καῤῥοῦχα) a carriage used by persons of distinction (v. Sm. Ant. s. v.). Taan. 20ᵇ ג׳ דדהבא a gilt carruca (aurea carruca, v. Sm. Ant. l. c.); Gitt. 31ᵇ. B. Mets. 73ᵇ מעייל להו בג׳ דרבא made them draw Raba’s carriage. Ib. 85ᵇ ג׳ דר׳ חייא the carriage in which R. Ḥiya will rise to heaven.—Pl. גּוּהַרְקֵי. Ib. בכולהו ג׳ Ms. H. (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 90). ↗ expanded
גּוּהַרְקָא 2 (= גֵּוו הַרְקָא; cmp. Syr. חרוק acerbus P. Sm. 1384, a. h. חַרְצָן) sour and hard berry.—Pl. גּוּהַרְקֵי. Naz. 34ᵇ גוה׳ ed. (Ar. גורקי) undeveloped grapes.—Pes. 25ᵇ גוהרקי Ms. M. (ed. גוהרקיה, Ar. גרקי) undeveloped olives (used for rubbing the skin in fever). ↗ expanded
גַּוָּוזָא 1 (גוז) = h. גֶּזַע, trunk, stem. Ber. 40ᵃ; 40ᵇ איתיה לג׳ וכ׳ (Ms. F. גִּזְעָא, Ar. גִּזָּא) there remains a stem which produces fruits again. Ab. Zar. 35ᵇ קטפא דגַוָּזָא ed. (Ms. M. גווזא, Ar. גזא, גנזא, v. Koh. Ar. Compl. s. v. גז II, p. 262) ; Nidd. 8ᵇ קטפא דגווזא the gum which oozes out of the stem, opp. דפירי.—Ned. 50ᵃ (became rich) מן גַּוָּזָא through a (hollowed out) trunk. Ib. לא אשכחו אלא גווזא וכ׳ they found on the sea shore nothing (of the wrecked ship) except a trunk. Ib. וכולי עיסקא מחית בההוא גוזא (Ar. גיאזא, read גו׳) and the entire treasure of the ship was hidden in that trunk; [Rashi: chest, v. גּוּזָּא].—2) [that which is cut off,] branches; [that which is chopped,] wood. Ḥull. 8ᵇ פסק ביה ג׳ לע"ז (Ar. גואזא) he cut wood with it for idolatrous purposes. B. Kam. 22ᵇ ג׳ סילתא וכ׳ (Ms. O. a. Ar. גואזא) chopped wood, kindling chips and light. Sabb. 154ᵇ גואזא פרסכנא ed. (Ms. M. גווזא ופ׳, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) low and spreading ramifications (forming the fourth wall of a Succah). Gitt. 69ᵇ, v. מרמהין.—גַּוָּוזֵי. Sabb. 155ᵃ let him rest the ladder אגוו׳ וכ׳ Ms. M. (ed. אגַּוָּואזֵי, Ms. O. גואזא) on the branches spreading beyond the circumference of the tree (Rashi: on pegs reaching beyond &c.). pl. גַּאוָּזִין (cmp. איסקוזות) lots, division by lots. Lam. R. to I, 1 רבתי (חד מאת׳ 1) נעביד ג׳ let us divide by lots (comment.: pieces of wood on which names are written for raffling). ↗ expanded
גַּוָּוזָא , 2 (v. preced.) castrate, eunuch; in gen. servant, guardsman. Targ. I Kings XXII, 9; a. fr. (var. גָּוָזָא, גַּוָּאזָא, גַּוְזָאָה &c.—Sabb. 152ᵃ ההיא גַּוְזָאָה ed. (ed. Sonc. גָּוָזָא, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 40; Ar. גאזא, v. Koh. Ar. Compl. s. v. גוז, p. 256 notes).—Pl. גַּוָּוזֵי &c., גַּוָּזָאִין. Targ. II Kings IX, 32.—Meg. 28ᵃ (Ms. M. גוזאי, Ar. גואזי). Kidd. 33ᵃ משדר גוזאי used to send guardsmen. ↗ expanded
גַּוָּון (גּוּן, constr. גּוֹן) m. (גּוּן) surface, color; resemblance. Erub. 53ᵇ (as specimen of elegant language) מאי גַּוַּון טליתך of what color is thy cloak?—Midr. Till. to Ps. XC, end מפני מה [בחר] תכלת מכל ג׳ why has the blue been preferred to any other color?—Pl. גַּוָּונִים, נִין … Ber. 6ᵇ. Nidd. 24ᵇ ג׳ תנן the Mishnah (III, 2 גנינים) speaks of variegated colors. Num. R. s. 12 מינין הרבה וג׳ הרבה many qualities and many colors; a. fr.—Trnsf. כְּגוֹן (cmp. כְּעֵין s. v. עַיִן) like, similar to; for example. כגון ש־ (Chald. כגון ד׳) for instance if, when. Pes. 119ᵇ כג׳ תמרים וכ׳ such things as dates, roasted ears &c. Ib. כג׳ אורדילאי לי e.g. mushrooms for me. B. Mets. 101ᵃ כג׳ דא צריכא רבה something like this was very necessary to be said. Ḥull. 84ᵃ כג׳אנו people like ourselves (in our condition). Y. Ber. I, 3ᵇ top כג׳ אנו שעוסקין וכ׳ people like ourselves who are engaged &c. Shebi. VIII, 1; 3. Tosef. ib. IV, 8. Orl. II, 7. B. Kam. 108ᵃ כ׳ שטען וכ׳ e.g. if he claims &c. B. Mets. 69ᵃ כ׳ דאית וכ׳ if he has &c.; a. v. fr.—Denom. גִּוֵּוןto color. Sabb. 140ᵃ top the egg is put in לגַוֵּון (Ar. לגַוָּאן, Ms. M. לגיאן, O. ליגרון) only for coloring. ↗ expanded
גַּוָּון ² Targ. Esth. I, 6. Targ. Y. Lev. XV, 3 גּווַֹן. Ib. 19 גַּוֶן ed. Amst.—Targ. Koh. I, 13 ג׳ ביש a sort of evil (h. text ענין); a. e.—Nidd. 24ᵇ בחד ג׳ הוה קאי it would constantly have only one color.—Trnsf. way, manner. Targ. Y. Lev. V, 4 לכל גּווָֹן ד־ in what way soever. Targ. Is. L, 11 ובהדא גַּיְנָא (some ed. גּוּנָא) and in this manner; a. e.—כי האי ג׳ (abbr. כה"ג) like this, in this way, in a case like this. Targ. Ruth IV, 6.—B. Mets. 30ᵇ ומי הוי הפקר כי האי ג׳ is there a renunciation of property like this, i.e. is such a conditional renunciation valid? Ib. 69ᵇ top כה"ג צריך וכ׳ in such a case he must give notice; a. v. fr.—Pl. גְּוָונִין, גַּוְונֵי. Targ. Y. Num. II, 3; 10; a. e.—Targ. Y. Ex. XIV, 2.—B. Mets. 8ᵇ תרי גוני מנהיג there are two ways of driving. B. Kam. 108ᵃ תרי ג׳ ממונא two sorts of indemnities or fines; a. fr.—Ib. 86ᵃ בעי מחוי גוני (ארישיה) wants to show faces (pantomimes, by moving his head).—כְּגוֹן, v. preced. [Snh. 98ᵃ, v. הֲזָר.] ↗ expanded
גּוּז v. גזז) to cut (the way, air), pass, fly.—Hif. הֵגִיז to carry across, drive up. Mekh. Yithro, Baḥod. s. 5; Tanḥ. Vayikra 3; Yalk. Lev. 427. ↗ expanded
גּוּז ²to cut, cut off.—Part. גָּאִיז, גָּיֵיז. Gitt. 67ᵇ זימנין דג׳ ליה לדיבוריה sometimes one cuts his speech short (does not finish his sentence).—Ned. 68ᵃ בעל מֵיגַז גָּיֵיז does the husband (betrothed) cut the vow apart, i.e. annul half the vow of his betrothed, leaving it to her father to annul the other half?, opp. מיקלש קליש he weakens the stringency of the entire vow. to cross, pass. Targ. Is. LI, 10.—Koh. R. to VII, 8 גייז וכ׳ passed the street riding on horse-back (Yalk. ib. 974 עבר). Lev. R. s. 37 [read:] מן דגייזין בחד נהר when they were crossing a river. Af. אָגֵיזto carry across. Gen. R. s. 10 מְגִיזָה יתיה וכ׳ carried it across the river; Koh. R. to V, 8; Yalk. ib. 972 מְגִיזָא; Lev. R. s. 22 ומגזתיה (corr. ומְגִיזְתֵּיה). Koh. R. l. c. אֲגִיזְתֵּיה she carried it over; Lev. R. l. c. אגיזתא (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
גּוֹזָלbrood, chick, esp. pidgeon. Kinnim II, 1. Gen. R. s. 44 (expl. תור וג׳, Gen. XV, 9) תור ובן יונה.—Pl. גּוֹזָלִים, גּוֹזָלוֹת. Y. Ned. I, beg. 40ᵇ … לים; Tosef. ib. IV, 1 לות … Snh. 94ᵇ; a. fr.—Trnsf. young children. Pes. 49ᵃ ומייתם גּוֹזָלָיו ed. (Ms. M. a. Yalk. Am. 545 בניו) and causes his children to become orphans. Y. B. Mets. I, end, 8ᵃ גזלי הדיינין (read גּוֹזְלֵי), v. אֵשֶׁל. ↗ expanded
גּוֹזָלָא 1 —Pl. גּוֹזָלִין, גּוֹזָלִיָּיא. Targ. Cant. IV, 1. Targ. Y. II, Deut. XXXII, 11. Targ. Ps. LXXXIV, 4; a. e.—Y. B. Mets. I, 8ᵃ top. Pes. 119ᵇ; a. e. ↗ expanded
גּוֹזָלָא 2 (גזל) robber. Pl. גּוֹזָלִין. Targ. Y. II, Gen. VI, 11. ↗ expanded
גּוּזְמָא (גּזַם) a figure of speech, hyperbole. B. Mets. 104ᵇ ג׳ בעלמא הוא דקגזים he used only a hyperbolical expression (‘a thousand Zuz’). Arakh. 11ᵃ וסימנך מתניתא ג׳ and thy mnemotechnical sign (to remember who said a hundred and who a thousand) be: the Boraitha (or Mishnah) frequently uses hyperboles. Bets. 4ᵃ; a. fr.—V. הֲבַאי. ↗ expanded
גַּוְזַנְיָא (a fictitious denom. of גַּוָּוזָא II) Gavzania (Eunuchia), a fictitious place. Sabb. 152ᵃ a eunuch (gavvaza) asked R. Joshuah ben Karḥah (Baldhead) מהכא לקרחינא כמא how far is from here to Karḥina (Baldburgh), upon which R. Josh. replied כמהכא לג׳ (Ms. M. לגווזאה) as far as from here to Eunuchia (v. Sachs Beitr. II, p. 132). ↗ expanded
גּוֹזֵר (גזר) circumciser, surgeon. Y. Sab. XIX, beg., 16ᵈ; Bab. Sab. 130ᵇ ר׳ יהודה הג׳ R. J. the surgeon. [Cmp. גְּזוֹרִי.] ↗ expanded
גּוֹיcrowd, people, nation; pl. גּוֹיִםgentiles, fr. which גּוֹי = נָכְרִי or עכו"ם, gentile, idolator. Tosef. Ab. Zar. III, 4 sq.; Y. ib. IV, 41ᵃ top contrad. to כותי (Bab. ib. 29ᵃ נכרי); a. v. fr.—Pl. גּוֹיִים, גּוֹיִם. Ab. Zar. I, 1 sq. in Y. ed. ג׳ (Bab. ed. נכרים, עכו"ם, Mish. עכומ"ז, נכרים indiscriminately); a. v. fr.—Fem. גּוֹיָהgentile woman. Y. Yeb. II, 4ᵃ top ואין בנך מן הג׳ וכ׳ thy son from a gentile is not called thy son but her son (Bab. ib. 23ᵃ נכרית); a. fr.—Pl. גּוֹיוֹת. Y. ib. IV, 6ᵃ bot. [Y. Gitt. I, 43ᵇ top, a. e. גויים לוקין, v. גַּיּוּס.] ↗ expanded
גויה , Targ. Prov. XVI, 30 some ed., read גָּזֵים, v. גְּזַם. ↗ expanded
גְּוִיָּהinner body, creature. Y. Ber. IV, 8ᵇ top לכל ג׳ וג׳ וכ׳ to each creature its needs. Mikv. X, 7 לפסול את הג׳ to make the inner body unfit (for receiving T’rumah); Toh. I, 3 הגְּוִויָּה; a. fr.—Pl. גְּוִיּוֹת, גְּוִיּיוֹת. Yoma 80ᵇ טומאת ג׳ some ed. (oth. sing.) the uncleanness of the inner body. membrum. Nidd. 25ᵃ; Y. ib. III, 50ᵈ. Kidd. 25ᵃ; a. fr.—Pl. גְּוִיּוֹת. Midr. Sam. ch. XX גויית some ed. (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
גְּוִיְיתָא , body. Targ. Y. Gen. VII, 23; a. fr.—Pl. גְּוִיָּיתָא. Targ. Is. VI, 2 גויותהון Kimḥi in ed. Ven. I, read גְּוִיָיתְהוֹן (ed. תֵיה …, corr. acc.). Targ. Ezek. I, 11. ↗ expanded
גְּוִיל (גוּל) a rolling stone, rough untrimmed stone, cobble. B. Bath. I, 1; expl. ib. 3ᵃ ג׳ אבני דלא וכ׳ untrimmed stones. B. Mets. 117ᵇ a roll of parchment. Y. M. Kat. III, 83ᵇ bot. must rend his garments הג׳ בפני עצמו וכ׳ once for the burnt parchment and a second times for the writing; Bab. M. Kat. 26ᵃ אחת על הג׳ Ms. M.—Ib. (ref. to Jer. XXXVI, 27) המגילה זה הג׳ Ms. M. (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) m’gillah refers to the writing paper, hadd’barim to the writing.—Pl. גְּוִילִין. Ab. Zar. 18ᵃ I see ג׳ נשרפין וכ׳ En Yakob (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 50, ed. incorr. גליון) the parchment burned but the letters soar upward.—Esp. g’vil, a certain kind of parchment, v. דּוּכְסוּסְטוֹס. Tosef. B. Bath. IV, 7 (if one sold) ספר של צבאים … של ג׳ a book for deer-skin and it is found to be g’vil. Mass. Sof’rim I, 4. Sabb. 79ᵇ; a. e. ↗ expanded
גְּוִילָא , parchment, roll. Targ. Y. Deut. XXXI, 24 (h. text ספר). [Y. Meg. IV, 75ᵇ bot., v. גּוּל.] ↗ expanded
גְּוִיעָה (גָּוַע) exspiration, use of the verb גָּוַע with reference to death. B. Bath. 16ᵇ, v. אֲסִיפָה. ↗ expanded
*גּוּלto form a ball, circle; to roll up a scroll of the Law. Y. Yoma VII, 44ᵇ top שאין גָּלִין וכ׳; Y. Meg. IV, 75ᵇ bot. שאין גולים (read גָּלִים or גּוֹלְלִ׳, v. גָּלַל) the Book of the Law must not be rolled up (to prepare the place to be read from) in the presence of the congregation. Denom. גְּוִיל, גִּיל. [In b. h. גּוּל or גִּילto dance, rejoice.] ↗ expanded
גּוּל Part. גָיֵיל (גָּוֵיל). Y. Yoma VII, 44ᵇ top [read:] תהא גייל לה לאחורי פרוכתא thou must roll it (the scroll, v. preced.) behind the curtain; Y. Meg. IV, 75ᵇ bot. (corr. acc.). Hitpol. אִתְגּוֹלַל , v. גַּלְגֵּל Ithpalp. ↗ expanded
*גַּוְלָא , constr. גְּוַל (גול) ball, roll. Targ. Is. XXXVIII, 12 some ed. כג׳ גרדאין like the weavers’ roll (v., however, נַוְולָאweb; oth. ed. מנחל גידודין, כנחל גדודאין). ↗ expanded
גּוּלְבִּינָאa species of peas, (Vicia sativa, Lathuros cicera, v. Fl. to Levy Talm. Dict. I, 433ᵇ). Y. Kil. I, 27ᵃ top, explain. פורקדן of Mish. ib. I, 1 (v. quot. in R. S. a. l.). ↗ expanded
גולגוקין , read גַּלְגְּיוֹלִין m. pl. (calceoli) (Roman) shoes which leave the toes uncovered (v. Sm. Ant. s. v.). Y. Bets. V, 63ᵃ bot. we saw his toes מן ג׳ דידיה reaching out of his calceoli↗ expanded
גּוּלְגְּלָא Y. Snh. VII, end, 25ᵈ נסב חדא ג׳ וכ׳ took a skull and threw it upward.—Pl. גּוּלְגְּלַיָּאcapitation taxes. Lev. R. s. 33 (Yalk. Dan. 1061 גֻּלְגֹּלִיּוֹת). ↗ expanded
גּוּלְגֹּלֶתhead, skull. Ab. II, 6. Snh. 65ᵇ הנשאל בג׳ he who consults a skull (as a conjurer). Koh. R. to XII, 6 ‘the golden bowl’ (גולת ib.) is the head (bowed down in old age); a. e.—Pl. גּוּלְגֹלִיּוֹת. Num. R. s. 19; Tanḥ. Ḥuck. 20 ג׳ וזרועות וכ׳ innumerable skulls, arms &c. capitation tax. Y. Keth. X, end, 34ᵃ; ib. XIII, 35ᵈ, v. אַרְנוֹנָא. Tanḥ. Ki Thissa 1; a. fr.—Pl. as above. Y. Peah I, 15ᵇ bot.—Yalk. Dan. 1061, v. preced.; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גּוּלְגַּלְתָּאskull, head. Targ. Ex. XVI, 16; a. fr. Targ. II Esth. III, 9 גּוּלְגְּלָתָא.—Tam. 32ᵇ והבו ליה ג׳ חדא they gave him (Alexander the Great) a skull. Ib. ג׳ דעינא, v. גַּלְגְּלָא. capitation tax. B. Bath. 8ᵃ; Ned. 62ᵇ כסף ג׳, v. בְּלוֹ. Pesik. Shek. p. 11ᵃ גּוּלְגַּלְתֵּיךְ thy capitation tax (for the Roman government); a. e. ↗ expanded
גּוֹלָהexile, esp. (with or without בני) the diaspora, Jews living abroad, esp. Babylonians. Ab. Zar. 30ᵇ. R. Hash. 18ᵇ באת שמועה לַגּ׳ the report came to the captivity (in Babylonia); a. fr.—ראש ג׳ (ch. ריש גלותא) chief of the Babylonian Jews, Resh G’lutha. Snh. 38ᵃ; Ḥull. 92ᵃ ר׳ ג׳ שבבבל; a. e.—עולי ג׳ those returning from Babylonian captivity. B. Bath. 15ᵃ bot.—V. גָּלוּת. ↗ expanded
גּוּלָּהcup, bowl. Lev. R. s. 32, a. e. (used for play on גּולֶה, a. גּוֹאֲלָהּ), v. גּוֹאֵל. ↗ expanded
גּוּלְיָיר (galearius) soldier’s boy, common soldier. Gen. R. s. 63 never despise a low Roman ולא בג׳ זעיר (Y. Ter. VIII, end, 46ᶜ בחבר) not even a low galearius. Num. R. s. 9; Tosef. Sot. III, 14, v. סָפַן. Esth. R. to III, 1. Ib. to VI, 12 practiced in four trades a bather, a barber, גליור וכ׳ (read גלייר) a soldier’s servant and a crier; a. e.—Pl. גּוּלְיָירִין. Pesik. R. s. 15; Pesik. Haḥod. p. 45ᵇ גולרירין (corr. acc.); Num. R. s. 11; a. e. the subordinate divine messengers.—Naz. 66ᵇ גּוּלְיָירִים מתגרין וכ׳ the common soldiers begin the battle and the heroes (veteran soldiers) wind up with victory; Ber. 53ᵇ גוליירין (Var. גליורין, corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
גּוֹלֵל (גלל, cmp. גַּל) the stone placed on top of a burial cave, top-stone, contrad. to דּוֹפֵק. Ohol. II, 4; a. fr.—סתימת הַגּ׳ the closing of the tomb with the golel. Snh. 47ᵇ; Sabb. 152ᵇ עד שיסתם הג׳.—Erub. 15ᵇ; Succ. 23ᵃ cannot be used ג׳ לקבר for closing up a grave, i.e. if put on top, it is not considered a golel in levitical law, v. Ḥull. 72ᵃ ↗ expanded
גּוֹלֶםa rolled up, shapeless mass, whence lump, a shapeless or lifeless substance. Y. Nidd. III, 50ᵈ and the other limbs of the embryo look כמין ג׳ מצומתים like a lump, squeezed together. Gen. R. s. 14 העמידו ג׳ He made him stand, a large, lifeless mass. Ib. s. 24 ג׳ בראו וכ׳ He formed him into a huge body, which extended from one end &c. Ib. (ref. to Ps. CXXXIX, 16) ג׳ שראו עיניך (read גֹּולָמִים) the embryos which Thy eyes have seen, have all been recorded (preordained) &c.; Pesik. R. s. 23; a. fr.—Pesik. R. s. 33 גלומי היו (read גְּלוּמִין or גולמין) they were (hard) lumps (blocks). unfinished matter, a vessel wanting finishing, opp. פשוט plain surface, forming no receptacle. Snh. 22ᵇ אשה ג׳ היא ואינה וכ׳ woman (unmarried) is an unfinished vessel, and she makes a covenant with (cares for) none but him who made her a vessel.—Pl. גֹּולָמִים, גֳּלָ׳, constr. גֹּולְמֵי. Kel. XII, 6 ג׳ כלי מתכות unfinished metal vessels, v. defin. Ḥull. 25ᵃ; Tosef. Kel. B. Mets. II, 10.—Ib. VII, 12 גֹלָמִין (ed. Zuck. גלמי) pumpkins in their natural shape, opp. to חתוכין ומנוקבין.—Sifré Num. 158 כלים ולא גלומים (Yalk. ib. 786 גֹּולְמִין) ‘vessels’ which means finished vessels but not half-finished.—Trnsf. uneducated, unrefined. Ab. V, 7. body. Pl. as above. Sifré Num. 131; Yalk. ib. 771 the spear entered בשני ג׳ both bodies. ↗ expanded
גּוֹלְמָאunfinished vessel. Pl. גּוּלְמַיָּא, גּוּלְמֵי. Targ. Y. Num. XXXI, 22 (after Sifré Num. 158, v. preced.).—Sabb. 52ᵇ בגֻלְמֵי; 123ᵃ בגולמי it treats of unfinished (needles).—2) (cmp. גְּוִיל) stone. Pl. גֹּולְמִין. Targ. Esth. IX, 5 קטילת ג׳ (for b. h. הֶרֶג) death by stoning.—Snh. 95ᵃ [read:] אייתו לי … גולמא (דטינא) ונירגמינה bring ye unto me, each of you a stone (lump of clay), and we shall stone it (overthrow the city with mere stones); cmp. Yalk. Is. 284; Ar. s. v. גולמהרג. hill, v. גְּלִימָא II. ↗ expanded
גּוֹלָמִי = like aגּוֹלֶם, roughly shaped. Pl. גּוֹלָמִיֹּות. Ex. R. s. 30, v. גָּלַם. ↗ expanded
גֹּולָמִישׁ (גלם, with formative יש—; cmp. עַכָּבִישׁ) [hard, stone-like, v. גולמא,] golamish, a species of cedar. R. Hash. 23ᵃ, (explain. אדרא); Snh. 108ᵇ (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 1). ↗ expanded
גּוּלְמֵישׁ Targ. Y. Num. XIX, 6 (h. text ארז).—Pl. גַּלְמְשִׁין. Targ. Cant. V, 15 (h. text ארזים). ↗ expanded
גּוֹלָן (b. h.) pr. n. pl. Golan, in Bashan (Gaulanitis). Targ. O. Deut. IV, 43 (Y. דברא). Targ. Josh. XX, 8; a. e.—Macc. 9ᵇ ↗ expanded
גּוּלְפָא (גלף) stone pitcher, jug. Yoma 12ᵃ it is usage to leave in the inn ג׳ ומשכא the (empty) wine pitcher and the hide (of the slaughtered animal). Ned. 49ᵇ שקיל ג׳ וכ׳ would carry a pitcher (on which to sit during the lectures) on his shoulder.—Pl. גּוּלְפַיָּא, גּוּלְפֵי. B. Bath. 71ᵃ the house דמחזיק מאה ג׳ which has room for one hundred jugs (placed in rows). Ab. Zar. 32ᵃ בג׳ חיורי in unglazed jugs. Ḥag. 25ᵇ למיטרח אג׳ to provide jugs (for the harvest). [גולפין, Targ. Esth. IX, 5, a clerical tautography of גולמין, v. גֹּולְמָא.] ↗ expanded
גֹּולְתָא (גול, גלל; cmp. גְּלִימָא) [wrapper,] a long woolen cloak of state used at prayers. Sabb. 77ᵇ (playful etymology) ג׳ גלי ותיב Ar. a. Rashi, roll it up and sit down (Ms. O. גלי ואייתי travel abroad and import it, ed. גלי ואתיב uncover thyself and put it down). Y. Kil. IX, end, 32ᵈ to wrap up money גו גוֹלְתֵה וכ׳ in one’s cloak and tie it up with linen cords. Y. Taan. III, 66ᵈ top עצור גֹּולְתָךְ וכ׳ save thy cloak from the rain (a sneer at an unefficacious prayer for rain). Ib. IV, 67ᶜ את יהב לִי גוֹלְתִי וכ׳ give me my cloak that we may pray at the time of closing the gates (sunset). B. Mets. 85ᵃ ג׳ דדהבא וכ׳ they spread over thee a gold-trimmed cloak (at graduation ceremonies); a. fr.—Pl. גֹּולָתָא, גֹּולְיָתָא, גֹּולְיָין. Targ. Y. II, Num. XV, 38 גוֹלַתְהוֹן, I גּוּלְיַתְהוֹן a. גּוּלֵיהוֹן. Targ. Y. ib. XVI, 1 גֹּולְיָיתֵיה his cloaks. Ib. 2 גֹּולְיַין. Targ. Y. I Deut. XXII, 12 גֹּולְיַית־, II גֹּולָתֵי־. Ib. XXXIII, 19.—Gen. R. s. 36 (expl. סרבלי־ Dan. III, 21) בגוּלֵיהוֹן (fr. גֹּולָא) in their fine cloaks; Cant. R. to VII, 9; Esth. R. to I, 12. Bets. 38ᵇ גֹּולָתַיְיכִי שקלי have I taken your cloaks (that you laugh at me)?—[Gen. R. s. 19 גולין Ar. ed. Koh., v. גִּלָּיוֹן end.] ↗ expanded
גֹּומֶא (b. h. גֹּמֶא, cmp. אגם, אגמא) bulrush, papyrus. Targ. Is. XIX, 6. Targ. O. Ex. II, 3. Targ. Job VIII, 11 (some ed. גומיא). [Y. Sabb. VII, 10ᵃ bot.; Y. Bets. IV, 62ᶜ bot., v. בגומא.]—Pl. גּוֹמַיָּא, גּוֹמֵי. Targ. Y. Gen. XLI, 2. Targ. Y. Ex. II, 3.—Y. Sabb. VII, 10ᵃ גומי. ↗ expanded
גּוּמָא (גמא to scrape, v. Targ. Job XXXIX, 24) hole, indentation, Ḥull. II, 9 (41ᵃ). B. Bath. 16ᵃ for each hair ג׳ בפני עצמה a separate follicle. Y. Keth. I, 25ᵇ לעושה ג׳ וכ׳ like one making a depression in flesh which fills up again; a. e.—Pl. גּוּמוֹת. Ab. Zar. 76ᵇ a knife שאין בה ג׳ which is not battered. Tosef. Maasr. III, 18 ג׳ הלוף (ed. Zuck. גּוּמַת, sing.), v. לוֹף.—Y. Nidd. III, 50ᶜ bot. ג׳ הזקן dimples, v. גַּב.—גומיות, v. גּוֹמָמִית. ↗ expanded
גּוֹמֶד , v. גָּמַד) gomed, a length-measure, supposed to be the cubit less the hand’s length; arm. [Arakh. 11ᵃ וגָמְדָּהּ אמה Ar. and the arm of the scraper was one cubit, contrad. to היא itself, i.e. the perpendicular part; ed. וגובה.]—Pl. גְּמָדִים, גּוֹמָדִין. B. Bath. 100ᵃ שני גמ׳ ed. (Ms. M. a. Ar. גו׳). a veil of a square gomed, used by Arabs in cold weather for covering the face.—Pl. גּוֹמָדִין. Kel. XXIX, 1 הג׳ של ערביין.—Denom. גִּמֵּדto measure by the gomed. Tana d’be El. I, ch. XXXI (v. Lattes Saggio p. 84). ↗ expanded
גּוֹמָמִית (גמם, v. גּוּמָא) hole, excavation. Pl. גּוֹמָמִיּוֹת. Y. Kil. III, 28ᶜ ג׳ שיש בהן וכ׳ depressions in a field of the width of &c.—Y. Ab. Zar. IV, 44ᵃ bot. מותר ג׳ what is left in the depressions in the vat.; Tosef. ib. VII (VIII), 5 גומיות ed. Zuck. (Var. גממיות).—Tosef. Mikv. III, 4; Ḥag. 19ᵃ גְּמָמִיּוֹת. ↗ expanded
גּוּמְרָא (גמר to consume) burning, glowing coal. Targ. Y. Ex. XXVII, 5.—Y. Bets. II, 61ᶜ top; Y. Maas. Sh. V, 56ᶜ top; Y. Ḥag. II, 78ᵃ bot. (prov.) כל ג׳ דלא כויה וכ׳ a coal which does not burn you in its time, will never burn you.—Pl. גּוּמְרִין, גּוּמְרַיָּא, גּוּמְרֵי. Targ. Y. Gen. III, 24. Targ. Job V, 7; a. e.—Targ. Y. Ex. XXXVIII, 4 גורמיא (corr. acc.), v. גַּרְמָא. Ḥull. 93ᵇ. Gen. R. s. 51 (ref. to פחים, Ps. XI, 6) ג׳ ומצדין burning coals (= פחמים) or snares; Yalk. Ps. 655, cmp. Midr. Till. to Ps. XI. Sabb. 11Sabb. 110ᵃ; a. e. ↗ expanded
גּוּמַרְתָּאsame. Ḥull. 11ᵃ דמנח ג׳ וכ׳ he may put a burning coal on it. a local skin-disease, prob. a burn. Y. Ab. Zar. II, 40ᵈ top; Y. Sabb. XIV, 14ᵈ top. ↗ expanded
גּוּמְתָא f. ch. = h. גּוּמָא. Targ. Job XXXIX, 24 יעביד ג׳ (prob. גּוּמָתָא pl., h. text יְגַמֶּא). ↗ expanded
גּוּן (cmp. גָּנַןto surround; with על, to cover. Denom. גַּוָּן. Hif. הֵגִיןsame, to protect. Midr. Till. to Ps. I מה המגן הזה מֵגִין את … מֵגִין על וכ׳ as the shield surrounds the body, so does the Lord protect man. Sot. 10ᵃ [read:] מה הקב"ה מגין על … אף שמשון ה׳ וכ׳ as the Lord protects the whole world, so did Samson in his generation protect Israel; Yalk. Jud. 69. Sot. 21ᵃ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גּוּנְדָּא 1 c. (= גּוּדָּא; גוד or גדד, v. גְּדוּד I) a band, troop. B. Mets. 86ᵃ ג׳ דפרשי a troop of horsemen. Ab. Zar. 11ᵃ ג׳ דרומאי a troop of Roman (soldiers). [Ib. הדר שדר גונדאי דרומאי וכ׳, read with Ms. M. גונדא אחרינא, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.). Ber. 58ᵃ; a. e.—Ned. 32ᵃ ג׳ דחימה the troop commanded by Ḥemah (angel of wrath).—Pl. גּוּנְדֵּי. Ḥull. 60ᵃ דנפישי ג׳ Ar. (ed. חילותיה) His armies are too numerous. ↗ expanded
גּוּנְדָּא 2 (= גּוּדָּא) wall. Pl. גּוּנְדֵּי. Sot. 22ᵇ דחייפי ג׳ (Ar. s. v. חף 5, v. infra) who scratch themselves against the walls (in saintly self-chastisement). gunda, name of a domestic overall used at work for the protection of one’s clothes, duster. *Gitt. 68ᵇ (in Hebr. diction) גּוּנְדּוֹ his duster (was all that was left to Solomon) (Snh. 20ᵇ (Ms. M.) Yalk. Kings 177, Tanḥ. Aḥăre 1 קודו; Koh. R. to II, 10 קודיה; Y. Snh. II, 20ᶜ bot. קניא). Sabb. 119ᵃ R. Anan (while preparing for the Sabbath) לביש ג׳ (Ms. O. גורנא, Alf. Ms. גודנא, Asheri ed. Ven. גונרא, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 2) put a gunda on.—Pl. גּוּנְדֵּי. Sot. 22ᵇ בי דינא … מהני דחפו ג׳ let the great Court call to account those who are wrapt up in overalls (hypocrites whom you cannot see through; Rashi: those who wrap themselves in cloaks as though they were true Pharisees; oth. vers., v. supra). ↗ expanded
גּוּנְדְּרִיתָא (גדר, נ inserted; cmp. preced. art.) balustrade, ledge. Kidd. 70ᵃ פורתא דג׳ וכ׳ (Ar. by cler. error … זנא) I am only making a little bit of a balustrade (a word considered too affected in place of b. h. מעקה, Talmudic מחיצה). ↗ expanded
גּוּנְכָאbed-cloth, blanket. Targ. Jud. IV, 18 (h. text שמיכה). Targ. II Kings VIII, 15 (h. text מכבר). [Var. גּוּנְבָא.] ↗ expanded
גּוּס 1 (cmp. גאה) to swell, be bold (gen. with לב). Keth. 12ᵃ כדי שיהא לבו גָּס בה in order that he may become bold towards her (become intimate). Ib. 28ᵃ שאין לבו גס בה for he is not intimate enough with her (not having been married to her). Sot. I, 6 לבו גס בהן she is too proud towards them (their appearance may only harden her heart). Gitt. VII, 4 לבה גס בשפחתה she is too proud towards her handmaid (so that her presence has no restraining influence). Ab. IV, 7 הגס לבו בהוראה he who gives decisions in haughtiness. [Ib. גס רוח, v. גַּס.] Tosef. Maasr. III, 7 לא גס לבי וכ׳ I did not venture to say &c. Hif. הֵגִיס (with לב or דעת) to embolden one’s heart; (reflexive) to become bold. Ex. R. s. 6 מי ה׳ את לבך who made thee so bold i.e. who has encouraged thee to take such liberties? Y. Maasr. II, beg. 49ᶜ להָגֵס את לבו שיאכל to encourage him to eat. Y. Snh. I, 18ᵃ bot. ה׳ דעתו לדון he dared to judge singly. Num. R. s. 2 הֵגִיסוּ את לבם they became presumptuous; Lev. R. s. 20 גיסו לבם (corr. acc.)—Num. R. s. 19 היה מֵגִיס בינו וכ׳ (sub. לבו) was arrogant (towards the king) in privacy; ה׳ במעמד וכ׳ was arrogant in the presence of his legions; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גּוּס Ber. 47ᵃ גָּס דעתיה Ms. M. he has become proud. Snh. 8ᵃ קא גָאִיס (ביה) (Ms. O. גָּיֵיס, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) he was arrogant. Af. אָגֵיס as h. Hif.—Targ. Y. Deut. XVII, 20. Ib. Lev. IX, 7 א׳ מנדעך take courage. Ib. Ex. XXVIII, 39 מְגִיסֵי רעיוניהון the haughty (cmp. גסי רוח, s. v. גַּס). Ithpa. אִתְגַּסto become bold, haughty. Targ. II Chr. XXVI, 16 (h. text גבה). Targ. Koh. I, 12 (Var. אתגבה). ↗ expanded
גּוּס 2to come in contact, touch, be connected. Denom. גַּיָּיס; גִּיס. [Ukts. II, 6 שיגוס, v. נָגַס.] Hif. הֵגִיסto stir (with a ladle &c.). Makhsh. V, 11 מֵגִיסָה בקדרה she stirs the pot. Ab. Zar. 38ᵇ top ומֵגִיסָה and may stir it.—Sabb. 67ᵇ המגיס בפני אפרוחים (missing in Ms.) who stirs a dish before chickens (a superstitious practice). Meïl. 17ᵃ, a. e. Pi. גִּיֵּיס , v. s. v. גַּיָּיס. ↗ expanded
גּוּס ²to come in contact, meet. Pes. 110ᵇ גָּס ביה וכ׳ an Arab met him. Gitt. 65ᵇ מֵיגַס גָּאֵיס בה (Ar. גָּיֵיס) he may meet him.—Adj. גָּיֵיס, גִּיסfamiliar, v. גִּיס. to recline, dine, v. גְּסַס. ↗ expanded
גֹּוסֵס (Pol. of גּוּס = גּוּז, Syr. גוס P. Sm. 686) rapidly passing away, sinking, dying. Ohol. I, 6; a. fr.—Kidd. 71ᵇ עילם ג׳ Elam is to be despaired of (with reference to purity of descent, v. בָּרִי).—Pl. גֹּוסְסִים, גֹּוסְסִין; f. גֹּוסְסוֹת. Gitt. 28ᵃ, a. fr. רוב ג׳ למיתה the majority of those believed to be in a dying condition, really die. Shebu. 37ᵇ.—Y. Yeb. I, 3ᵇ top (of genealogical descent, v. supra). V. גִּיסָה, גִּיזָה. ↗ expanded
גָּוַע [to shrink,] fail, fall away. Gen. R. s. 31 (explain. יגוע, Gen. VI, 17) יצמוק (Yalk. Gen. 55 ינמוק), v. צָמַק. Gen. R. s. 12 גזעה; s. 19 גרעה, read: גָּוְעָה וכ׳ his stature was reduced. (act. v.) to diminish. Tanḥ. Noah 7; ed. Bub. 10 והן גָּוְעוּ אותן וכ׳ and they (the wild beasts) diminished their numbers, as it says (Gen. VII, 21) and there were diminished &c. ↗ expanded
גּוּף 1 , perf. a. part. גָּף (= גָּפַף) [to join body to body,] to squeeze, cork, bung. Nidd. 6ᵇ היתה גָּפָה וכ׳ was corking (pitching) wine jugs. M. Kat. 11ᵇ כדו לָגוֹף we take for the mourner his wine jug for corking. [Ib. Mish. ib. II, 1 וגף, omitted in Ms. M., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note.] Maas. Sh. III, 12 אע"פ שגָּפָן; Tosef. ib. II, 18 שגָּפָם (Var. גֹּופָם fr. גָּפָה) though he corked them; a. e. Pi. גִּיֵּיףto embrace, hug. Y. Yoma III, 41ᵃ גִּיְּיפוֹ he put his arms around it. Hif. הֵגִיף (Neh. VII, 3) to fill up (a hole), close (a door), fasten. Par. VI, 1. Ohol. XIII, 3 הֵגִיפָהּ ולא וכ׳ he filled the hole out but not entirely. Zab. III, 2 מֵגִיפִין או פותחין if both close or open a door simultaneously. Tosef. Ohol. XIV, 1; a. e.—Part. pass. מוּגָף fastened. Y. Keth. VII, 31ᶜ מ׳ צריכה if the door (behind the suspected couple) was closed (but not locked), it is doubtful (whether the woman is to be considered a Sotah, v. סוֹטָה). ↗ expanded
גּוּףto close. Targ. Mal. I, 10; a. e. [to embrace,] to have illegitimate intercourse, to commit adultery with. Targ. O. Lev. XX, 10 (Y. גוּר); a. e.—Part. גָּיֵף, גָּיְיפָא. Targ. Hos. IV, 2; 13; a. e.—Lev. R. s. 3; Koh. R. to IV, 6 (prov.) ג׳ בחזורין וכ׳ (Ar. גָּיְרָא) she prostitutes herself for apples and distributes them among the sick (sinning and doing charity). Af. אָגֵיף, אַגֵּיף, , אָגֵףto close. Targ. II Sam. XIII, 17 אִיגוֹף ed. Lag. (ed. אָגֵיף) close thou &c. Ib. 18 אגף (ed. Lagarde (ed. אגיף); a. e.—B. Kam. 105ᵃ אגף חצייה he closed half of the opening. Pa. גַּיֵּיף as Pe. 2. Targ. Hos. IV, 14 מְגַיְּ׳ (ed. Lag. גייפן).—V. גְּפַף a. גּוּר II↗ expanded
גּוּף 2body, person, self. Kidd. 20ᵃ (expl. b’gappo Ex. XXI, 3) בגוּפוֹ נכנס וכ׳ of himself he entered, of himself he shall go out (free, in the seventh year) but not, like a gentile slave, on losing a limb. Snh. 91ᵃ ג׳ ונשמה וכ׳ the body and the soul may try to escape judgment (shifting the responsibility one on the other). Kidd. 37ᵃ, a. fr. חובת הג׳personal duty, contrad. to ה׳ קרקע laws connected with the (Palestinean) soil. Y. Taan. I, 64ᵈ top, a. e. אותו הג׳ הקדוש that holy body (saint). R. Hash. 17ᵃ בגוּפָן by defiling their bodies. Ab. IV, 6 גּוּפוֹ מכובד וכ׳ will himself be honored by men.—Trnsf. Guf, the fictitious storehouse of souls in heaven. Yeb. 62ᵃ, a. e. the son of David shall not come עד שיכלו … שֶׁבַּגּ׳ before all souls in the Guf are exhausted (i.e. sent to live on earth). essence, substance. Y. Ber. I, 3ᶜ גּוּפָהּ של שמע an integral portion of the Sh’ma (confession of faith). Y. Sabb. II, 5ᵃ top גופה של פתילה the wick itself. Gitt. IX, 3 גּוּפוֹ של גט וכ׳ the essential formula of a letter of divorce is &c. Yoma 74ᵇ גופו של מעשה the deed (of sexual gratification) itself; a. fr.—Pes. 112ᵇ מצוה וגוף גדול עושה פירות ולו שכר (Ar. a. Ms. M. 2 a. O., ed. ולא) a charity and at the same time a good investment is the act of him who helps to produce fruits, while he has the reward (e.g. one who loans money to a husbandman on security, allowing payment in small instalments); מצוה וג׳ טהור וכ׳ a religious act by which one preserves his body pure does he perform who marries a wife &c.—Pl. גּוּפִין, constr. גּוּפֵי. Gen. R. s. 31.—Y. Sabb. II, 5ᵇ bot. ג׳ הלכות; Tosef. ib. II, 10 ג׳ תורה essential parts of the Law; Ab. III, 18; Ḥag. I, 8 (10ᵃ); 11ᵇ membrum. Lev. R. s. 25, end. surface, color (cmp. גַּוָּון). Men. 44ᵃ top גופו דומה וכ׳ its color resembles that of the Sea, contrad. to ברייה shape; Mass. Tsitsith ed. Kirchheim p. 23. ↗ expanded
גּוּפָאbody. Targ. I Sam. XXXI, 10; 12 (h. text גויה). Targ. Prov. XVII, 22 (h. text גהה); a. e.—Lam. R. to I, 1 ג׳ כולא (רבתי) the entire body (of the chicken). Sabb. 65ᵇ דלא לילפן ג׳ נכראה that they might not become used to bodily contact. self, substance &c. Bets. 3ᵃ, a. fr. היא ג׳ גזרה this law is itself only a precautionary measure. Nidd. 46ᵃ, a. fr. הא ג׳ קשיא this contains a contradiction in itself. Gufa (text), a talmudical term used for taking up a text or subject after an interruption by a discussion or digression; our text says; returning to our subject, &c. Ḥull. 54ᵇ; a. v. fr.—Lev. R. s. 5; s. 6; s. 8. [Y. Keth. XII, 35ᵇ bot. גוף ימא, read גֵּיף.]—Pl. גּוּפַיָּא, גּוּפֵי. Targ. I Sam. XXXI, 12.—Zeb. 82ᵇ תרי ג׳ two subjects. ↗ expanded
*גּוֹפֶן (גפן, v. H. Dict. s. v.) curve, trnsf. character of letters. Meg. 9ᵃ בג׳ שלנו in our (Hebrew) characters, בג׳ שלהן in their (foreign) characters. [Ar. reads גיפן.]—Y. ib. II, beg. 73ᵃ שהיתה כתובה גיגנטון, read: שתהיה כתובה בגוֹפְנָן it must be written in our characters (though in a foreign language). ↗ expanded
*גּוֹפָן a species of dill. Tosef. Kil. I, 1 [read:] השבת והג׳ anise and gof’nin.—2) late grapes. Dem. I, 1 (Y. ed. גופנן), expl. Ber. 40ᵇ שלהי גופני the late fruits of the grape-vine. [Y. ib. 21ᵈ top explains גופנן with שמירה (read שׁוּמָּרָה) dill; Maim. a. l.: a species of vegetables similar to שבת, v. supra.] ↗ expanded
גּוֹפַן c. ch. = h. גֶּפֶן, vine, esp. grape-vine. Targ. O. Gen. XLIX, 22 ed. Berl. (some ed. גּוֹפֶן, Y. גּוּפן). Targ. Ezek. XVII, 7 גופנא fem. (ib. 6; 8 גֶּפֶן m.). Targ. Hos. IX, 10; a. fr.—Lev. R. s. 12 הדא ג׳ מסתמכ׳ וכ׳ the grape-vine is supported with so many reeds and props &c. Ib. ג׳ מתקרייא וכ׳ the vine (with its product) goes by three names. the cotton-tree, עמרא דג׳cotton. Sabb. 110ᵇ. Gitt. 69ᵇ ודעמר ג׳ and (rags) of cotton cloth. Y. Kidd. III, 64ᶜ bot. a proselyte is like לעמרא (ד)ג׳ וכ׳ cotton, if you desire to combine it with wool, you may do so (without violating the law of כִּלְאַיִם) &c.—Pl. גּוּפְנַיָּא, גּוּפְנִין, גּוּפְנֵי. Targ. Joel I, 12. Ib. 7 (ed. Lag. גפ׳). Targ. Ps. CV, 33; a. e.—Ber. 40ᵇ, v. preced. B. Kam. 92ᵃ. Keth. 79ᵃ. B. Bath. 69ᵇ; a. fr. [Targ. Y. Num. VI, 4 מגופנין מַקליפין, read מִקְּ׳, מג׳ being a misplaced gloss to מגופנא. ↗ expanded
גּוֹפְנָאGofna, Gophna, fifteen miles northwest of Jerusalem (v. Neub. Géogr. p. 157). Y. Taan. IV, 69ᵃ bot.; Lam. R. to II, 2 גָּפְנָא. Ib. to I, 5 Vespasian went מסחי בהדא גפנא to take a bath at G.—Ber. 44ᵃ גּוֹפְנִית (Ms. M. גּוֹפְנִין).—Tosef. Ohol. XVIII, 16 בית גופנין. [Y. Ber. III, 6ᵃ bot.; Y. Naz. VII, 56ᵃ top, v. גּוֹבְבָתָא.] ↗ expanded
גּוּץ 1 (cmp. גָּוַע) to gnaw (of mice). Part. גָּיֵיץ, pl. גָּיְיצֵי. Hor. 13ᵃ ↗ expanded
גּוּץ 2 (v. preced.; cmp. קָוַץ) short, dwarfish. Ber. 31ᵇ, v. בָּלַע.—Pl. גּוֹצִים. Pesik. V’zoth p. 200ᵃ ג׳ ממנו of a lower stature; (ib. Baḥod. p. 108ᵃ קווצים כיוצא בו; Sifré Deut. 343 only קווצים; Yalk. Ps. 776; Ex. 286).—Fem. גּוּצָה. Yeb. 106ᵇ הוא ארוך והיא ג׳ if he is very tall and she dwarfish. ↗ expanded
גּוּץ Targ. Job XIV, 1 (Ms. גזוז; h. text קצר).—B. Mets. 27ᵇ גופו דאריך או ג׳ Ms. M. a. H. (ed. דארוך) insufficient signs of the body for identification—e.g. ‘very tall’, ‘dwarfish’. Snh. 109ᵇ כי ג׳ וכ׳ when he was short, they stretched him. Meg. 27ᵇ איניש ג׳ הוה was a very short man. Ned. 50ᵇ ג׳ ורבה כריסיה short and very stout.—Pl. גּוּצֵי. Ḥull. 63ᵃ. Sot. 38ᵇ אריכי באפי ג׳ the tall in front of the small.—Fem. גּוּצָא. B. Mets. 59ᵃ (prov.) אתתך ג׳ וכ׳ if thy wife is dwarf, bend down and listen to her (advice), v. לְחַשׁ. ↗ expanded
גּוּר 1 (b. h.) [to move around (cmp. סחר),] to be a stranger, sojourn, dwell. Sot. 36ᵇ גֹרֹא שגָֹּרֹ וכ׳ he is named Gera (Gen. XLVI, 21), because he (Joseph) dwells in exile; Gen. R. s. 94. Yeb. 96ᵇ is it possible לָגּוּר וכ׳ בשני to dwell (simultaneously) in two worlds? Sabb. 104ᵃ, v. ג"ר. Sifré Deut. 301 (ref. to Deut. XXVI, 5) מלמד … להשתקע אלא לָגוּר שם it proves that he (Jacob) did not go down to be permanently settled, but only to sojourn there; a. fr.—Denom. גֵּר. Pi. גִּיֵּיר (denom. of גֵּר) to make a proselyte, to initiate into the Jewish faith. Gen. R. s. 39 (ref. to Gen. XII, 5 ‘the souls which they had made’) אלו הגרים שגִּיְּירוּ that means the proselytes they had made. Ib. כל מי שמקרב … ומְגַיְּירוֹ וכ׳ whoever befriends a gentile and effects his conversion, is considered as though he had created him. Sabb. 31ᵃ גַּיְּירֵנִי וכ׳ make me a Jew with the condition &c.; a. fr. [For גִּיֵּירto dress with lime, v. גִּיר.] Hithpa. הִתְגַּיֵּיר, , Nithpa. נִתְגַּיֵּירto become a proselyte. Ber. 57ᵇ עתידים להִתְגַּיֵּיר they will adopt the Jewish faith. Yeb. 47ᵇ גר שבא להתג׳ if a stranger comes (appears before Jewish authorities) desirous to become a Jew. Ab. Zar. 3ᵇ מִתְגַּיְּירִין shall ask to be admitted &c.; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גּוּר Taan. 25ᵃ גָרֵי (גָּרוּ) בך גירי Ar., ed. Ven. a. oth. (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 1, ed. גָּיְרֵי) proselytes shall dwell with thee (in heaven); (for oth. vers. v. גִּיר III). Pa. גַּיֵּירto convert. Targ. Y. Gen. XII, 5, v. preced. Targ. Y. Ex. XVIII, 7; 27; a. e.—Sabb. 31ᵃ גַּיְּירֵיה he accepted him for initiation. Yeb. 76ᵃ גּיּיוּרֵי גַּיְּירָהּ he made her an Israelite. Gen. R. s. 76, end לאו גַּיַּירְתֵּיה would she not have converted him?; a. e. Ithpa. אִיתְגַּיַּיר, אִיגַּיַּירto reside as a stranger. Targ. Lev. XVI, 29; a. fr. to become a Jew, to embrace the Israelitish faith, to be converted. Targ. Y. Ex. XVIII, 6. Targ. Ps. LXVIII, 19; 32; a. e. ↗ expanded
גּוּר 2 (euphem., cmp. גּוּף ch.) to have illegitimate intercourse;(also as act. v.) to seduce. Targ. Job XXXVI, 20 תגור Ms. (ed. תְגַיֵּר). Targ. Y. Lev. XX, 10 (O. גוף); a. e.—Part. גָּיֵר, גָּיְרָא. Lev. R. s. 3; Koh. R. to IV, 6 ג׳ בחזורין Ar. (ed. גָּיְפָא), v. גּוּף ch.—Ab. Zar. 10ᵇ הוה ליה ההיא ברתא דשמה גירא וכ׳ he (the emperor) had a daughter whose name was Gira (Ar. גילא), and who did wrong (was seduced); he sent to him (Rabbi) גרגירא (Ar. גרגילא) a gargira (rocket, play on גירא). Pa. גַּיֵּירto seduce. Targ. Job XXVI, 20, v. supra. Targ. Prov. VI, 32 דגַיֵּיר איתתא Ar. (ed. דגָיֵיר בא׳). ↗ expanded
גּוּר 3 כרוך אחריו Ḥull. 78ᵇ) young animal, whelp, cub. Yalk. Job 926 עלה ג׳ אחד וכ׳ a young (R’êm) appeared in Palestine; Gen. R. s. 31 גורא א׳ (corr. acc.).—Pl. גּוּרִים. Ib. גּוּרָיו וכ׳ his (the R’êm’s) whelps went into the ark. Gen. R. s. 98 גבורה של … של גוריו the strength of the lion and the daring of his whelps.—גּוּר אַרְיֵה pr. n. m., v. גּוּרְיָא II. ↗ expanded
גּוּר ² Lev. R. s. 19 (prov.) ג׳ טב מכלב ביש וכ׳ raise not a gentle cub of a vicious dog, much less a vicious cub &c.—[Pl. גּוּרֵי. Y. B. Bath. II, 13ᵇ bot. מן קל ג׳, prob. גִּירֵי, v. גִּיר III.] ↗ expanded
גּוֹרְדְּיָינִי (Gordianus) Gordian, name of a gold denar coined by one of the Roman emperors of that name. Y. Yoma IV, 41ᵈ top; Num. R. s. 12; Cant. R. to III, 10 Diocletian possessed (of that sort of gold) משקל דינר ג׳ only the weight of a Gordian denar. Lev. R. s. 7 כעובי דינר גרדיון היה בו (corr. acc.) the bronze plate on the altar was as thick as a G. denar; Y. Ḥag. III, end, 79ᵈ.—Cant. R. l. c. משקל גורדינון; Num. R. l. c. משקל דינר גורדייני; Men. 29ᵃ דינר זהב קורדיקיני (corr. קורדייני).—Y. Gitt. IV, 47ᵇ [read:] קרקע דינרא גרדיינא רביע מעות טרימיסא (ed. דינר אגרמא … סרימיסין) for a piece of land bought for a Gordian denar,—if he chooses to pay to the original owner the due indemnity of the fourth portion in money (instead of land), he must pay him a tremis; cmp. Bab. Gitt. 58ᵇ רביע בקרקע שהן שליש במעות. Y. Kidd. II, 62ᵈ דינר קורדיינא; Y. Keth. VII, 31ᵈ top דינרא ק׳. Ḥull. 54ᵇ קורדינאה a. קורדנאה (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
גּוּרְדְּלִי (גרד) scraper, scratcher, gurd’li, a nickname for an inferior white wine, adopted as a play on חרדלי a dark red wine (mustard-colored). Gen. R. s. 98 יין חרדלי … יין ג׳ וכ׳ if thou drankest ḥard’li, thou drankest wine; if gurd’li, thou drankest bad wine. Sabb. 62ᵇ sq. (an obscene disguise for a fair-complected woman). ↗ expanded
גּוּרְיָא 1 (v. גּוּר III) cub, young lion. Snh. 64ᵃ כג׳ דנורא fire in the form of a young lion.—Pl. גּוּרְיִין. Ib. 95ᵃ (play on בֵּיתְרִי q. v.) when they came to Bethré, they said בין תרי ג׳ קטלין א׳ (read קטלן) Ms. M. (ed. בתרי ג׳ קטלוה לאריא, read בי תרי a. קטלן) between (us) two cubs (David and Abishai)—can we kill the lion (Goliath)? ↗ expanded
גּוּרְיָא 2 (v. preced.) pr. n. m. (Abba) Gurya. Kidd. IV, 13.—Mekh. Mishpat. 20 (ed. Friedm. p. 104ᵃ; 109ᵃ) איסי בן גוריה; Yalk. Ex. 351; ib. 359 איסי בן גור אריה a. בן יהודה. ↗ expanded
גּוּרְיוֹןGuryon, Guryan. a Tannai (Abba) G. Kidd. IV, 13.—2) an Amora. Y. M. Kat. III, 82ᵈ bot.; a. fr.—3) G. of Isporak. Tem. 30ᵇ; B. Kam. 93ᵇ sq. ↗ expanded
גּוּרְיְתָא (v. גּוּרְיָא) a young female cub (dog or lion). Erub. 86ᵃ (prov.) נבח בך כלבא עול נבחא בך גוריתא וכ׳ Ar. (ed. נבח בך גוריית׳, corr. acc., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 400) if the dog barks at thee, go in; if the bitch barks at thee, go away, i.e. you can endure a quarrelsome son-in-law, but not a quarrelsome daughter-in-law. Sabb. 67ᵃ (in a charm formula) אאוסי דגורייתא (Rashi דגורית׳) on the nostrils of a lioness.—Pl. גּוּרְיָיתָא, גּוּרְיָאתָא. Ib. 155ᵇ בג׳ זוטרי it means young dogs (which eat flesh with difficulty). Keth. 61ᵇ she plays בג׳ קיטנייתא with little cubs (Ar. קיסנייתא), v. נרדשיר. [Ar. גוריתא, name of a bird, v. גִּירוּתָא.] ↗ expanded
גּוֹרָל [a little ball or stone,] lot. Yoma 39ᵃ; a. fr.—Pl. גּוֹרָלוֹת. Ib. IV, 1; a. fr.—Denom. הִגְרִילto cast lots. Ib. 39ᵇ; a. fr. V. הַגְרָלָה. ↗ expanded
גּוֹרֶן c. (b. h. [collection,] (cmp. מְגוּרָה Hag. II, 19) granary, threshing floor; harvesting season. Pesik. R. s. 10 הרי הג׳ בא when harvesting comes. Ib. באתה הג׳ when harvest time came. Ib. ומשיירים את החטים לג׳ and they reserved the wheat for storage; Midr. Till. to Ps. II; Gen. R. s. 83, end; Cant. R. to VII, 3 עד שתבוא הג׳; (נכנסו אל הג׳) באו לג׳. Tosef. B. Mets. VIII, 27; Y. ib. 11ᵈ גּוֹרְנוֹ his store of pottery. Maasr. I, 5 איזהו גָּרְנָן למעשרות (comment. גּוֹרְנָן) what is their harvesting time for making them liable to tithes?—Pl. גְּרָנוֹת. Y. Peah I, 16ᶜ bot.; a. fr. (cmp. כְּרִי a. כֵּירָה) circle, meeting, court-room, court (v. I Kings XXII, 10). Pesik. R. l. c.; v, אִסְטְרוֹנְגִּילוֹן; Snh. IV, 3. Koh. R. to I, 11 the Lord will be seated כבג׳ as in a court; Lev. R. s. 11 end כג׳ (corr. acc.); Ex. R. s. 5 the Lord will seat the elders of Israel כג׳ as the Sanedrin used to be seated. Ib. it is the habit of kings (councils) לישב כג׳ עגולה (read בג׳) to sit in a round court-room; Ḥull. 5ᵃ (ref. to II Kings l. c.) ג׳ ממש וכ׳ a real court,—אלא כי ג׳ but it means like the court (of the Sanedrin, ref. to Snh. l. c.). Cant. R. to V, 11 גָּרְנָהּ של תורה the gathering for studying the Law (Lev. R. s. 19; Yalk. Prov. 964 רִנָּה). Cmp. אִדְּרָא. ↗ expanded
גּוּרְנָא , esp. gathering of rain water, reservoir (Syr. labrum lapideum in quo homines se abluant, P. Sm. 692). Y. Meg. II, 74ᵃ bot. washed his hands and feet מן גּוֹרְנָהּ (with water) out of its (the Synagogue’s) reservoir. [Var. גודנה incorr.] ↗ expanded
גּוּרְסַקGursak. Erub. 29ᵃ (Var. גורסאק, גורסקי, גורסיק, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 40). ↗ expanded
גּוּשׁ 1 (v. גשש) to be hard, thick. V. גִּישׁ. Af. אָגֵישׁ , or אַגַּשׁ (fr. גשש) to harden, (with אפא) to be bold. Lam. R. to I, 21 אָגַשְׁתּוּן אפיכון (or אַגַּשְׁתּוּן) Ar. (ed. a. Var. Ar. אקשיתון) have ye the hardihood (to come back to me)?; Pesik. Anokhi p. 138ᵇ חא אגשתון אפיכון Ms. O. a. Parma (ed. ארגישתון). Ib. אָגִישַׁת אפך Ar. a. Ms. O. a. Parma (ed. ארגשת, Lam. R. l. c. אקשית) hast thou &c.? ↗ expanded
גּוּשׁ 2 , v. preced.) something substantial, lump, clod, ball. Nidd. 23ᵃ ההיא ג׳ איקרי such a shapeless fetus is called gush (a ball, stone). Y. ib. II, 50ᵇ ג׳ של אדמה a clod of earth. Y. Kil. IX, 32ᵈ top; Y. Keth. XII, 35ᵇ bot. ג׳ עפר a handfull of Palestine earth. Toh. V, 1 ג׳ מארץ העמים a lump of imported clay, v. Sabb. 14ᵇ.—Y. Ḥall. III, 59ᵃ when the dough is formed into ג׳ אחד one cohesive mass; a. fr.—Pl. גּוּשִׁין. Lam. R. to I, 20 (explain. חמרמרו ib.) עשאן ג׳ ג׳ their bowels were pressed to lumps (v. חמרם Ex. VIII, 10). B. Mets. 101ᵃ נעקרו בגוּשֵׁיהֶן they were uprooted with their clods of earth (attached to the roots). Y. ib. VIII, end 11ᵈ [read:] בששטפן בגושיהן when the river swept them away with their clods.—גּוּשׁ חֵלֶב pr. n. pl. (Fat Ground) Gush-Heleb, Giscala (Neub. Géogr. p. 230) in Galilee. Arakh. IX, 6. Tosef. Men. IX, 5; a. e.—גּוּשׁ חֶלְבָּאֵי m. pl. inhabitants of Giscala. Pesik. B’shall. p. 94ᵃ; Koh. R. to XI, 2. ↗ expanded
גּוּשָׁא , esp. ground, soil, contrad. to air, atmosphere. Naz. 54ᵇ; 55ᵃ (ib. 19ᵇ גושה). Sabb. 15ᵇ.—Pl. גּוּשַׁיָּיא. Nidd. 20ᵃ בגוּשַׁיְיהוּ with their clods of ground. V. גַּרְגֶּשְׁתָּא. ↗ expanded
גּוּשְׁמָא (גשם, cmp. גֶּשֶׁם) matter, substance, body. Targ. Ps. XXII, 21; a. fr.—Targ. Job XX, 20 (h. text חמודו).—Pl. גּוּשְׁמִין, גּוּשְׁמַיָּיא. Targ. II Chr. XX, 24. Targ. Ps. LXXXVIII, 11; a. e. V. גִּשְׁהָא. ↗ expanded
גושפנא Ar. in some ed. s. v. בלן, read גושפנקא, v. Koh. Ar. Compl. s. vv. ↗ expanded
גּוּשְׁפַּנְקָא (prob. = גוש פנקאthe freeman’s lump or cylinder) signet; seal; signet-ring. Targ. Koh. I, 12. Targ. Esth. III, 10; a. fr.—Ber. 6ᵃ בג׳ דפרזלא with an iron signet. Gitt. 57ᵃ; 58ᵃ, v. בִּלְיוֹנָא.—Pl. גּוּשְׁפַּנְקֵי. Sabb. 66ᵇ בשתין ג׳ with sixty seals. ↗ expanded
גּוּשְׁקְרָאwheat flour of the second course, dark flour, opp. חִיוָּרִיתָא. Gitt. 56ᵃ. [Fl. to Levy Targ. Dict. II, 570ᵇ refers to Arab. ḫushkâr, derived fr. the Persian, bran-bread.] a cotton-like plant. Sabb. 20ᵇ (Var. קוש׳); v. אַגְבִּין. ↗ expanded
גּוּתָאִי (cmp. גּוּנְתָּאִי) a Goth; servant, body-guard. Pl. גּוּתָיִין. Y. Hor. III, beg. 47ᵃ; Y. Snh. II, beg. 19ᵈ גנתן (corr. acc.). Y. Bets. I, 60ᶜ bot. was leaning on תרי ג׳ two servants (Goths). ↗ expanded
גּוּתְיָיאGothia, the land of the Goths. Y. Meg. I, 71ᵇ bot. (explain. Magog); Targ. I Chr. I, 5 (Vers. in ed. Rahmer) גיתייא. V. Neub. Géogr. p. 422. ↗ expanded
גֵּזshorn wool, fleece,—רֵאשִׁית הַגֵּז the first shorn wool (the priest’s gift), Deut. XVIII, 4). Ḥull. XI, 1; a. e.—Pl. גִּיזִּין. B. Kam. 118ᵇ. v. גִּיזָּה. ↗ expanded
גַּז (dialect. = עַז, cmp. b. h. equivalent עזניה) gaz, name of a bird of prey, supposed to be the falcon. Ḥull. III, 1 הגז Ar. (ed. הגס). Tosef. ib. III, 3 הגס. [Alleged name of a species of bees, v. הִגְזִין or חִגְזִין.] ↗ expanded
גַּזָּא Targ. Y. Lev. XI, 13 (O. עַזְיָא). Targ. Y. II, Deut. XIV, 12 (also in one w. בַּרְגְּזָא; Y. I בר גִּיזָּא). [גזי, Nidd. 17ᵃ Ar., v. זַגָּא.] ↗ expanded
גִּזָּא (= גנזא; גנז; fr. which γάζα) treasure, collection. בי ג׳־treasury. Sabb. 63ᵃ ומשתכחא בי ג׳ וכ׳ Ms. M. a. Ar. (ed. בְּגַזָּאֵי) it is found in the treasury (among the collections) of queen &c. Yoma 51ᵃ בי ג׳ דאהרן Aaron’s (the Highpriest’s) fund. Hor. 9ᵃ דיליך או דג׳ (Ms. M. דידיך דג׳, insert או, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) from thy (the Highpriest’s) private money or from the fund?—Meïl. 17ᵇ עולו לבי ג׳ Ar. (ed. עיילינהו לגניזה) go ye into the treasury (he took them to &c.). Ḥull. 139ᵃ wherever the vowed sacrifice stands, בבי ג׳ דרחמנא וכ׳ it is in the Lord’s treasury (it is to be considered as if its delivery had taken place).—[גִּזָּא Ber. 40ᵃ; 40ᵇ Ar., v. גַּוָּוזָא I.] ↗ expanded
גִּזְבָּר (late b. h.;, with format. ר) manager, treasurer. Ex. R. s. 21 עשיתיך ג׳ עליו I have appointed thee its (the Sea’s) commander. Ex. R. s. 51 ג׳ לעצמו sole treasurer. Sabb. 31ᵇ. Tosef. Hor. II, 10 אמרכל קודם לגי׳ the Amarkhal in the Temple is of a higher rank than the Gizbar; Y. ib. III, 48ᵇ ליגבר (corr. acc.); a. fr.—Pl. גִּזְבָּרִים, גִּזְבָּרִין, גִּיזְ׳. Meïl. III, 8. Shek. V, 2; a. fr.—Fem. גִּזְבָּרִית. Sabb. 62ᵃ אשה ג׳ a woman engaged as treasurer (wearing a signet ring). ↗ expanded
גִּזְבָּרָא Targ. Esth. X, 3 ג׳ וסבא commander and elder (h. text גדול). ↗ expanded
גְּזוּזְטְרָא (= גְּזוֹזְרָה, reduplic. of גזר; b. h. equival. גִּזְרָה q. v.; cmp. בְּצוֹצְרָה) enclosure, balcony. Ohol. XIV, 1 הזיז וכ׳ the ziz is a projection the finished side of which faces the ground, והגז׳ וכ׳ Ar. s. v. זיז (ed. והגיזרה) while g’zuztra is one facing upward. Zab. IV, 1 על גז׳ Ar. (ed. כצוצרא).—Targ. Ezek. XLI, 13 גז׳ Ar. (ed. Koh. כזוזטרא; Targ. ed. בצורתא). Midd. II, 5 ג׳ Ar. (ed. כצוצרא).—Pl. (… טְרוֹת) גְּזוּזְטְרָאוֹת. Tosef. Succ. IV, 1; Succ. 51ᵇ Ms. M. (ed. sing.). [Ar. גְּזוֹזְרִיּוֹת, גְּזוּזְטְרִיּוֹת, כסוסראות, כסוסטראות, כצוצריות, כצוצטראות.] [Tosef. Erub. IX (VI), 27 גזוסטרא ed. Zuck., Var. גזוז׳.] ↗ expanded
גָּזוֹרָא (גזר) circumciser, surgeon.— Pl. גְּזוֹרַיָּא. Y. Keth. V, 30ᵃ אנא חכים לגזירה וכ׳ (corr. לגְזוֹרַיָּה) I (as an infant) could distinguish the surgeons that attended me at circumcision. ↗ expanded
*גְּזוֹרִיof Gezer(?), v. גְּזוֹרָאָה. Y. Meg. I, 71ᵃ top ר׳ יודן גזו׳. Y. R. Hash. III, end, 59ᵃ ר׳ יודה גוז׳. [Cmp. גּוֹזֵר.] ↗ expanded
גְּזוּרְתָּא (גזר) circumcision, feast of circumcision; the circumcised membrum. Targ. Y. Ex. IV, 25 sq. Targ. Y. Gen. XXIV, 25 גּוּז׳; v. גְּזֵירְתָא.—Y. Succ. III, 53ᵃ גזורה דר׳ וכ׳ the feast of circumcision at R. &c. Y. Ab. Zar. III, 42ᶜ top יהב נפשיה על ג׳ he staked his life for the ceremony of circumcision. Y. Meg. I, 72ᵇ bot. חמי גְזוּרְתִּי see that I am circumcised; ib. III, 74ᵃ; Y. Snh. X, 29ᶜ גזיר׳; Koh. R. to IX, 10 גזרתי. ↗ expanded
גָּזַז (b. h.) to cut, shear. Pesik. R. s. 11 (play on גינת אגוז, Cant. V, 11) הגינה שאני גוזז אותה וכ׳ the garden which I trim at all times. Ib. when they sin מיד אני גוֹזְזָם I cut (punish) them at once; Yalk. Cant. 992.—Ḥull. 138ᵃ הא צאנו לָגוֹז but when he hires his (the gentile’s) sheep for shearing (Rashi לִגְזוֹז). Ib. לגזוז; a. e.—Part. pass. גָּזוּז (v. גִּזָּה) covered with fleece. Koh. R. to I, 9 a time will come when the wolf להיות ג׳ וכ׳ shall have a fleece of fine wool. Nif. נִגְזַזto be cut, trimmed, shorn. Ukts. I, 4 את שדרכם לִיגָּזֵז וכ׳ those plants which usually are cut but which have been taken out with their roots. Pesik. R. l. c.; Yalk. l. c. כל דבר שהוא נ׳ מיד וכ׳ whatever (plant) is cut (trimmed) soon drives new shoots and grows better. Cant. R. to VI, 11 מה האגוזה נִגְזֶזֶת וכ׳ as the nuttree is trimmed and shoots anew. Ib. כצפרנים הללו שנִּגְזָזִין וכ׳ as the nails are cut and grow again, כך כל מה שישראל נגזזין מעמלן וכ׳ so the more Israel is shorn of his worldly toil and given up to the toils of the study of the Law. ↗ expanded
גְּזַזsame. Targ. Gen. XXXVIII, 13 למִיגַּז ed. Berl. (Y. למִיגַז). Targ. Deut. XV, 19 תִיגּוֹז ed. Berl. (Y. תֵיגוֹז); a. e.—Y. Sabb. VII, 10ᵃ. Succ. 30ᵃ bot. לא תִגְזְזוּ אתון לִגְזְזוּהָ אינהו וכ׳ (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) do ye not cut (the myrtle) yourselves, but let them cut it. Ḥull. 138ᵃ מעידנא דאתחיל למֵיגַז from the time he commenced shearing; a. e.—Bets. 6ᵃ, v. גְּזִי. Nidd. 17ᵃ גָּז מידי וכ׳ if he cut something else afterwards.—Part. pass. גְּזִיזcut, broken, shortened. Targ. Ps. LXXII, 6 עסבא דג׳ (Ms. M. גייז) grass eaten up &c. (h. text גֵז). Targ. Cant. IV, 2. Targ. Job XIV, 1, v. גּוּצָא.—*Yoma 78ᵇ מאני גְזִיזֵי דפחרא defective earthen vessels (Ms. M. 1 פזיזי, 2 a. Ar. נזיזי, Ms. L. מאני, דפחרא בזוזא, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.). to cross, pass (v. גוז). Targ. Is. LI, 10; a. fr., v. גּוּז.—Ruth R. to III, 13 גָּזֵיז בשוקא וכ׳ passing the street on horse-back; (Koh. R. to VII, 8 גייז). Pes. 111ᵇ לגְזוּזֵי לה (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) to go out of its way, v. גזי. Lev. R. s. 12 גזוז נטוריא Ar. ed. Koh. (oth. ed. גזון, differ. vers. in ed.) the watchmen are past. to castrate. B. Mets. 90ᵇ top Ms. M., v. גְּנַח II. Pa. גַּזֵּיזto cut into, interrupt. Lam. R. to I, 3 ג׳ סוגיא וכ׳ interrupts the study of the midday, v. בְּזַז I. Ithpe. אִתְגְּזִיזto be cut. Targ. Am. VII, 1. ↗ expanded
גַּזָּז (preced.) wool-cutter.— Pl. גַּזָּזִין. Gen. R. s. 86, end, will you import ג׳ בדמשק wool-cutters to Damascus? (Mat. K. גְּזָזִיןwool). ↗ expanded
גָּזְזִין (= b. h. גֹּזְזִים; גזז) (feast of) wool-shearing. Targ. Gen. XXXVIII, 12 גָּזְזֵי (Y. גּוֹ׳). Targ. I Sam. XXV, 7 גזזין ed. Lag. (ed. גוז׳); 11 גָּזְזַי. Targ. II Sam. XIII, 23 sq. גזוזין ed. Lag. (ed. גְּזָז׳). ↗ expanded
גְּזֵי (v. גזז) to cut. Sabb. 150ᵇ למִיגְזָא ליה אסא (Ms. M. למיגז, v. גְּזַז) to cut a myrtle branch for one (attending a wedding, Rashi לה for the bride); ib. למיגזא ליה גלימא (Ms. M. למיגז, Ar. s. v. גד: למיגד ‘to cut’, v. גדד, or ‘to sew’, v. אֲגַד I) to cut a shroud for the dead; Bets. 6ᵃ למיגז (Ms. M. למיגד, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note). Snh. 106ᵃ (prov.) when the camel asked for horns, אודנין דהוו ליה גָּזְיִין מיניה they cut off the ears he had. Ib. 96ᵃ אִיגְזְיָיךְ אנא I myself will cut thy hair. Succ. 37ᵇ אתי למִגְזַיֵּיה he may be induced to cut it (Ms. M. למיכל … למיתלש). Gitt. 3ᵃ אתי למיגזייה he may cut it short, i.e. say only a portion of a lengthy legal formula, v. גּוּז. Y. ib. V, 47ᵇ top ומה דאת גָּזֵי גְזֵי and what crop thou mayest cut, cut, i.e. enjoy the crop as my tenant; a. e. to pass, go out of one’s way. Pes. 111ᵇ לגְזוּיֵי לה Rashi, v. גְּזַז. Ib. וגזי לה (Ms. M. גייז ליה, v. גּוּז) he went out of the demon’s way.—Targ. Jer. VIII, 6 דגָזְיָא Ar. s. v. גז 4 (ed. גזר, corr. גזי) which passes swiftly (h. text שוטף). to deal out, dispense, repay. Pesik. Zakhor p. 24ᵇ [read:] למִיגְזֵי לטבא טיבותיה ולמ׳ לבישא בישותיה (v. Bub. note 68 sq.) to repay the good man his goodness &c.; Tanḥ. Ki Thetsé 6 למזגיה (corr. acc.); ed. Bub. ib.; Treat. Sof’rim XIV, 7 למזגא, למגוא (corr. acc.); Yalk. Ps. 719.—Y. Taan. IV, 69ᶜ top וגזי ליה and he (R. Ba bar Zabda) retaliated to him (R. Elazar) his refutation; Y. Meg. I, 70ᶜ top וגזה ליה. Pa. גַּזֵּיto cut, design. Targ. Is. XLIV, 13. ↗ expanded
גְּזִיזָא (גזז) cut off, whence branch, club. Snh. 7ᵃ אדייה לגְּזִיזֵיה וכ׳ lifted up his club and stood (against me; Rashi: his fist). B. Kam. 5ᵃ תבריה ר"ע לגזיזיה R. Akiba has broken the force of his club (Rashi: fist), i.e. modified his opinion; ib. 42ᵇ piece. ג׳ דברדאa piece of ice. Targ. I Chr. XI, 22 תבר ג׳ דב׳ וכ׳ he cut a hole in the ice and bathed; Ber. 18ᵇ גְּזִיזֵי.—Pl. גְּזִיזֵי. Ib. 59ᵃ גְּזִיזַיָּיה דברדא Ar. (ed. גזיזי דברזא) hail-stones (Ms. M. בְּזִיזַיָּה דנורא or בְּזָאַיָּה, Ms. F. גְּזִירֵי, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note). ↗ expanded
גְּזִיזָה (גזז) shearing wool. Yalk. Num. 750 (Korah, beg.) זמן הג׳ (Midr. Till. to Ps. I זמן גיזה) the season of shearing. Ḥull. 135ᵃ מחוסר ג׳ וכ׳ wants shearing, redemption &c. Gen. R. s. 74; s. 85; Midr. Sam. ch. XXIII כל מקום שנ׳ ג׳ וכ׳ wherever shearing is mentioned in biblical accounts, it marks (an important epoch). (= חתיכה, v. preced.) piece, shred.— Pl. גְּזִיזוֹת. Y. Orl. III, 63ᵃ top (in Chald. diction) what profit is it to him גזים גזיזית (read … זוֹת) to cut it into shreds? ↗ expanded
גָּזֵילָא Targ. Lev. V, 21 (Y. גְּזוֹלָא); a. e.—Pl. גְּזֵילַיָּיא. Y. B. Kam. X, beg. 7ᵇ אזל תניה לג׳ the Tannai (Tosef. B. Mets. V, 26) goes over (from usurers’ gains) to robbed objects.—Pl. f.גְּזֵילָתָא, גְּזֵלָ׳. Targ. Koh. V, 7. ↗ expanded
גְּזֵילָהrobbery, robbed object, illegitimate gain. B. Kam. 98ᵇ משלם כשעת הג׳ he must make retribution according to the value of the object at the time it was robbed. Y. ib. X, 7ᵇ bot. ג׳ מפורסמת a well-known robbery or robbed object. Treat. S’maḥ. ch. IX מרובה גְזֵילַת המת וכ׳ severer is the crime of robbery (or wrong) committed against a dead person &c.—Pl. גְּזֵילוֹת, גְּזֵלוֹת. Snh. I, 1 ג׳ וחבלות law-suits of larceny and mayhem. Gitt. 55ᵇ that it may not be said מזבח אוכל ג׳ the altar receives illegitimately acquired goods; Y. ib. V, 47ᵇ top.—Keth. 105ᵃ; ib. XIII, 1 דייני ג׳ Y. ed. (Bab. גזירות) judges in suits of robbery; Bab. ib. 105ᵃ (harmonizing the two versions) גוזרי גזירות על ג׳ decreeing fines in cases of robbery. [Targ. Cant. VI, 6 גְּזֵלָה a. גְּזֵילוֹת h. forms.] ↗ expanded
גְּזֵירָא , decree, law. Targ. Gen. XLVII, 26 (ed. Berl. גְּזֵירָה, h. text חֹק). Pl. גְּזֵירִין. Targ. Esth. I, 19 archive of decrees.—גְּזֵירַן. Targ. Ezek. XX, 25. v. גְּזֵירְתָא. ↗ expanded
גְּזִירִיפַּטֵּי (ἀζαραπατεῖς, Pers. hazâr paiti; v. Perl. Et. St. p. 118, a. authorities quot. ib.) name of a class of oppressive Persian officers (chiliarchi). Taan. 20ᵃ. Snh. 98ᵃ; Sabb. 139ᵃ. [Ar. גאזי דפטי, גזי דפ׳; Var. גזיר פ׳, גזיר דפ׳, גרז דיפטי, גיזרפטי, גוזרפ׳ &c., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. c.] ↗ expanded
גְּזֵירְתָא (גזר) circumcision, foreskin, v. גְּזוּרְתָּא. Targ. Y. II, Ex. IV, 25 sq. (some ed. גְּזֵירָ׳). (= h. גְּזֵרָה) decree, edict, ordinance. Targ. Ex. V, 14 גְּזֵירַתְכוֹן your decreed task. Targ. I Kings X, 25 גְּזֵירַת וכ׳ the decreed (tax) of every year. Targ. O. Ex. I, 8; a. fr.—Gitt. 55ᵇ ג׳ קמייתא the first (Roman) decree (after the capture of Jerusalem). Ab. Zar. 35ᵃ כי גזרי ג׳ וכ׳ when they published a (religious) enactment in Palestine.—Pl. גְּזֵירָתָא. Targ. Job XIV, 5. ↗ expanded
גָּזִיתhewn stone; wall of squared stones. B. Bath. I, 1, contrad. to גְּוִיל. B. Mets. 117ᵇ; a. fr.—לשכת הג׳ the cell of Gazith, name of a Temple compartment, the seat of the Great Sanedrin. Midd. V, 4; a. fr.—Trnsf. אבן ג׳ (squared stone), a plain interpreter of Bible texts (Midrash). Ab. d’R. N. ch. XXVIII; 2ᵈ vers. ch. XLVI. ↗ expanded
גָּזַל (b. h.) to tear away, rob (with accus. of person or of object); to take illegitimately. B. Kam. X, 5 הגּוֹזֵל שדה מ־ he who robs a field from his neighbor (takes forcible possession). Ib. 6 הגוזל את וכ׳ he who robs his neighbor (takes illegitimately what belongs to his neighbor). Ib. 7 גְּזַלְתִּיךָ I have wronged thee (and owe thee retribution). Ber. 35ᵇ כאילו גוֹזֵל להקב"ה as though he robbed the Lord. Taan. 16ᵃ ג׳ מריש ובנאו בבירה if one robbed a beam and placed it in a large building; a. v. fr.—Part. גּוֹזֵל robber, pl. גּוֹזְלִין. Y. B. Bath. III, 14ᵃ bot. האומנין והג׳ וכ׳ mechanics (who take working material to their homes) and robbers cannot claim the right of possession, v. חֲזָקָה.—Part. pass. גָּזוּל robbed, illegitimately acquired. Succ. III, 1; a. fr. Nif. נִגְזַלto be robbed (of object taken, or of person deprived). B. Kam. 95ᵃ, a. e. קרקע אינה נִגְזֶלֶת landed property cannot be robbed, i.e. can never become legitimate property by the law of limitation, v. יִאוּשׁ.—Part. נִגְזָלthe person robbed of his property, claimant. Shebu. VII, 1; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גְּזַל 1 Targ. Lev. V, 23; a. e.—B. Kam. 103ᵃ מִיגְזַל גַזְלוּהָ they acquired it illegitimately. Ib. 96ᵃ; a. fr.—[גזל to spin, Targ. Y. Ex. XXXV, 26, quoted in Ar. s. v. כש 3, read עזל.] ↗ expanded
גָּזֵלrobbery, wrong, oppression. Sabb. 32ᵇ בעוון ג׳ וכ׳ as a punishment for the crime of oppression, the locust rises &c. (ref. to Am. IV, 1 a. 9). Gen. R. s. 31, beg. שׁטופים בזימה ובג׳ steeped in lust and violence. Pes. 113ᵇ Canaan bequeathed to his sons … אהבו את הג׳ love ye violence. B. Kam. 80ᵇ אין בו משום ג׳ the law of robbery does not apply to it (it is not private property). Erub. 100ᵇ we should have learned ג׳ מנמלה the regard of property from the ant. B. Kam. 109ᵃ עד שיוציא גְּזֵילוֹ וכ׳ until he dispossesses himself of his robbery. Ib. שיוציא גזילה (corr. acc.). Ib.ᵇ גזילו יוצא וכ׳ his robbery must go out of his possession. Y. B. Mets. II, 8ᶜ גזילו של גוי וכ׳ what has been illegitimately taken from a gentile, is forbidden (must be restored). Y. Gitt. IV, 45ᶜ מפני ג׳ השבט in order to protect the (priestly) tribe from loss; Y. Orl. II, 61ᵈ bot. מפני גיל השבט (corr. acc.); a. fr. ↗ expanded
גַּזְלָן (גזל) robber. B. Kam. 62ᵃ (defin.) חמסן … ג׳ לא יהיב וכ׳ḥamsan (violent man) is one who (takes by force and) pays; gazlan—who takes without paying. Snh. 26ᵇ ג׳ דאורייתא a robber in the strict (Biblical) sense; ג׳ דרבנן a robber in a wider (Rabbinical) sense, e.g. a gambler &c.; ib. 25ᵇ.—Y. Snh. VIII, 26ᵇ he who takes an object in the presence of witnesses is called thief (גַּנָּב), he who takes in the owner’s presence—ג׳ a robber; v. B. Kam. 79ᵇ. Y. Kidd. II, 62ᵇ bot. כל המשנה וכ׳ he who changes the use of a loaned object without the owner’s consent נקרא גו׳ is called a robber. Ib. I, 60ᶜ top גו׳; a. fr.—Pl. גַּזְלָנִים, גַּזְלָנִין, גּוֹזְלָ׳. Snh. l. c. Ib. 38ᵃ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גַּזְלָנָא B. Bath. 30ᵇ; a. e.—Pl. גַּזְלָנִין, גַּזְלָנֵי. Snh. 26ᵇ. B. Kam. 79ᵇ ↗ expanded
גַּזְלָנוּת (preced.) robbery. B. Bath. 47ᵃ הוחזק על שדה זו בג׳ (not החזיק, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) he is known as possessing this field through illegitimate means. ↗ expanded
גַּזְלָנוּתָא Snh. 23ᵇ ערער דג׳ an objection raised against the fitness of witnesses on account of their illegitimate trade. Ib. 27ᵃ פסלינהו בג׳ they disqualified them by denouncing them for robbery. ↗ expanded
גָּזַם (v. גזז) to cut, trim. Pi. גִּזֵּםto cut branches off (for letting the sap drip), to tap. Ab. Zar. 50ᵇ אין מְגַזְּמִין you must not tap (in the festive week or in the Sabbath year). Trnsf. (cmp. b. h. קרץ a. Targ. Prov. XVI, 30) to threaten mischief. Num. R. s. 14 שהיא מְגַזֶּמֶת לעשות לו which she was threatening to do unto him. ↗ expanded
גְּזַםto cut. Y. Orl. III, 63ᵃ top גָּזֵים וכ׳, v. גְּזִיזָה. to threaten. Targ. Prov. XVI, 30 (h. text קרץ). Shebu. 46ᵃ עביד איניש דגזים וכ׳ a man frequently threatens mischief and does not do it. Ib. הכי נמי ג׳ וכ׳ (not דג׳, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) in this case, too, he may have threatened and not done it. to speak hyperbolically. B. Mets. 104ᵇ, v. גּוּזְמָא. ↗ expanded
*גָּזַע (cmp. גָּדַע) to cut off, lop off. [Gen. R. s. 12 גזעה קומתו, read גָּוְעָה, v. גָּוע.] ↗ expanded
גֶּזַע preced.) trunk, stem, stump; that which grows out of the trunk, shoot. B. Bath. V, 4 העולה מן הג׳ whatever shoots out of the trunk, opp. שרשים; defined ib. 82ᵃ כל שרואה … מן הג׳ whatever sees (when shooting) the light of day is ‘from the geza’ (and belongs to the owner of the tree). Ib. דקל אין לו ג׳ a date tree has no geza, i.e. the purchaser of a date tree has no claim on shoots growing out of the trunk; ib. אין לו ג׳ לבעל הדקל לפי שאין לו ג׳ Ms. M. (ed. שאין מוציא ג׳, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) the owner … has no claim &c., because the stump of a date-tree has no shoots. Ib. 80ᵇ אין גִּזְעָן מחליף their stump grows no new shoots. Nidd. 55ᵃ שער … גִּזְעוֹ מחליף hair, if cut, grows again. Ib. בשר ג׳ מחליף flesh, if cut, regenerates; a. fr.—Trnsf. (of persons) ג׳ ישישיםa shoot, offspring of worthy men M. Kat. 25ᵇ ↗ expanded
גָּזַר v. גזז; cmp. גדר) to cut; v. גּוֹזֵר. to cut off, to guard; v. גִּיזְרָה a. גְּזֵרָה;—trnsf. to institute a precautionary measure(גְּזֵרָה); to enact a prohibition, to decree (mostly in a restrictive sense). Sabb. I, 4 ושמנה … גָּזְרוּ בו ביום they issued eighteen enactments on that day. Ib. 14ᵇ ג׳ טומאה על וכ׳ declared metal vessels (of gentiles) unclean (even when broken and remolten, v. ib. 16ᵇ). Ib. 17ᵇ גזרו על פתן משום וכ׳ they prohibited their (the gentiles’) bread in order to prevent the use of their oil &c. Ib. 30ᵃ מלך בו"ד גּוֹזֵר גזירה a mortal king issues a decree. Ber. 61ᵇ גָּזְרָה מלכות הרשעה שמד על ישראל שלא וכ׳ Ms. M. (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) the wicked (Roman) government decreed religious persecution over Israel, that they should not study the Law &c. R. Hash. 18ᵇ גזרו תענית they ordered a public fast. Ib. II, 9 גּוֹזְרַנִי עליך וכ׳ I order thee to come to me &c. Yoma 67ᵇ (ref. to גזרה, Lev. XVI, 22) אני ה׳ גְּזַרְתִּיו וכ׳ I, the Lord, have ordained it; a. v. fr. Nif. נִגְזַרto be decreed, ordained. R. Hash. 17ᵇ נִגְזְרָה גזירה it has been decreed. Ber. 58ᵇ; a. fr. Hithpa. הִתְגַּזֵּרto be cut to pieces. Yoma l. c. (ref. to גזרה, Lev. l. c.) דבר המִתְגַּזֵּר where an object thrown down is shattered to pieces. [ to be cut off, be steep. Ib. Ms. 2 מקום המתג׳ a steep place.] ↗ expanded
גְּזַרto cut, split. Targ. Ps. LXXIV, 13 (h. text פרר). Targ. Y. Lev. XXV, 3 sq. (h. text זמר); a. e.—B. Kam. 81ᵇ גזרתינהו לשקך וכ׳ ed. (Ar. גַּזְרִית, Ms. R. גַּזְרִי, Ms. F. אַגְזַרְתִּינְהוּ Af.) I should have split thy shoulder with the iron weapon (i.e. should have excommunicated thee).—ג׳ קיימא to make a covenant (h. כָּרַת בְּרִית). Targ. Gen. XV, 18; a. fr. to circumcise, have one’s self circumcised. Targ. Gen. XVII, 10; 11; a. fr.—Targ. Y. Lev. XIX, 23 ג׳ גזרא (h. text ערל ערלה, v. עָרְלָה).—Part. pass. גְּזִיר, pl. גְּזִירִין. Targ. Y. Gen. XVII, 13. Targ. Josh. V, 5; a. e.—Macc. 11ᵃ (prov.) שכם נסיב ומבגאי גזיר (Gen. R. s. 80 ומגבאי קטע) Shechem wants to marry (Dinah), and Mabgai (his subject) must submit to circumcision. Gen. R. l. c. גְּזוֹר be thou circumcised. Y. Kidd. III, 64ᵈ bot. מהו מִיגְזוֹר וכ׳ how about circumcising … on the Sabbath? Y. Sabb. XIX, 16ᵈ bot. הוה ליה עובדא למיגזור וכ׳ had a case, when he was to have his son … circumcised (on a Sabbath). Y. Meg. I, 72ᵇ bot. אזל וג׳ he (Antoninus) went and had himself circumcised; (Y. Snh. X, 29ᶜ וגייר גרמיה); Koh. R. to IX, 10 הוה גזיר was circumcised; a. fr. to decree; to enact a prohibition as a precautionary measure, to prohibit, guard. Targ. Job XXII, 28; a. e. Targ. Is. XXI, 17 גְזִיר כן it is so decreed.—Ab. Zar. 36ᵃ ואתי אינהו וגָזוּר וכ׳ and they came and forbade (gentile bread &c.) even in the field. Sabb. 14ᵃ גַּזְרֵי ביה … טומאה declared him unclean.—Ib. 53ᵇ ולא גַזְרִינָן דילמא וכ׳ and we do not prohibit it (from fear) lest he may &c. Ab. Zar. 38ᵇ גזרינן הא אטו הא we may forbid one thing in order to ward off from another thing; a. v. fr. V. גְּזֵרָה. Ithpe. אִתְגְּזַר, אִתְגְּזֵירto be cut off. Targ. Job XVIII, 14; a. e.—Ms. מתגייר׳; h. text יתמלל׳. Targ. Ps. LVIII, 8 (Var. מתגורר׳). to be decreed. Targ. Koh. VIII, 4; a. e. ↗ expanded
גָּזָר , constr. (גזר) גְּזַרdecree, גְּזַר דִּיןsentence, legal decision, divine dispensation. Keth. 8ᵇ אפי׳ נחתם לו ג׳ ד׳ של וכ׳ even if a divine decree granting seventy years of happiness were sealed to him; Sabb. 33ᵃ. Lev. R. s. 26 בלי שטר ובלי ג׳ ד׳ without a note of indebtedness and without a judicial verdict. Ib. כמה גזר דין, corr. גִּזְרֵי דינין.—Y. Snh. III, 21ᵈ top עבדון ליה ג׳ ד׳ the court passes sentence over him; a. fr.—Pl. גִּזְרֵי דינין, גִּיזְ׳. Lev. R. l. c. Y. M. Kat. III, 82ᵃ bot. (expl. גזירות ב"ד, Mish. ib. III, 3) אילו גי׳ ד׳ that means judicial verdicts. ↗ expanded
גֶּזֶר (גזר) piece (of wood), log, club. Y. Shebi. IX, 39ᵃ top; Y. Shek. VI, end, 50ᵇ מביא גי׳ אחד he may offer one log; (Bab. ed. Var. גזיר).—Pl. גְּזָרִין, גִּיזְרִין, גְּזִירִין. Tam. II, 3. Yoma II, 5 גְּזִירֵי עצים; Y. Shebi. l. c.; Y. Shek. l. c. גיזירי (corr. acc.); Bab. ed. גזרי. Tosef. Kel. B. Kam. I, 6 פצעין את מוחו בגזי׳ they split his scull with clubs; Snh. IX, 6 בגזי׳ Mish.; ib. 82ᵇ בגיז׳; Taan. 18ᵇ בגיז׳; (Sifra Emor Par. 8, ch. IX בבקעיות, v. בְּקַעַת); Koh. R. to III, 17 בגזי׳; a. e. ↗ expanded
גִּזְרָא, I ch. same, piece; club. B. Kam. 81ᵇ ג׳ דפרזלי (Ms. H. a. F. גְזִירֵי, R. גִיזְרֵי), v. גְּזַר.—Pl. גְּזִי׳, גִּזְרִין, גִּזְרֵי, גִּיזְ׳ (v. preced.). Targ. I Kings III, 25 לתרין ג׳ (ed. Lag. only לתרין) into two pieces (h. text לשנים). what is to be cut (h. עָרְלָה). Targ. Y. Lev. XIX, 23, v. גְּזר. (cmp. גְּזֵרָה) a guard. Sabb. 54ᵇ דעבדו ליה לגי׳ (a strap on the foot of the ass) which is put on him as a guard (against knocking the feet against one another). ↗ expanded
גִּזְרָא ² (cmp. h. גּוֹדְרוֹת) sheep in folds, fold, flock. Targ. Prov. XXX, 31 בית גיז׳ Ms. (ed. גיורא) between the flock.—Pl. constr. גִּזְרֵי. Targ. I Kings XX, 27 (h. text חשיפי). ↗ expanded
גִּזְרָהenclosure; balcony. Ohol. XIV, 1, v. גְּזוּזְטְרָא; Y. Shebi. III, 34ᶜ bot., v. גִּבְלִית.—Pl. (from גִּזְרִית) גִּזְרִיּות. Ohol. VIII, 2 Mish. (Talm. ed. גְּזִירִיּוֹת, Ar. גזוזטראות, R. Hai Gaon גִיזְרָאוֹת, v. Koh. Ar. Compl. II, p. 264, note 3).—2) (cmp. גָּזִית a. גָּזִיר) hewn stone block. Pesik. Aniya p. 135ᵇ (ref. to ספיר גזרתם, Lam. IV, 7, v. Bub. note 24) כל ג׳ וג׳ וכ׳ every block which will be placed in the future Jerusalem, will be as handsome as sapphire; Yalk. Is. 339 גְּזִירָה; Lam. R. to l. c. כל גזירה וגזי׳ שהיתה וכ׳ every stone block in Jerusalem was as hard as sapphire. ↗ expanded
גְּזֵרָהa secluded and narrow place, dale, precipice. Yoma 67ᵇ ומנין שבצוק ת"ל ג׳ and how do we know that the place (Azazel) must be precipitous? We read g’zerah (Lev. XVI, 22) ; Sifra Aḥaré Par. 2, ch. II Gen. R. s. 98, beg. איזה לשם ואיזה לג׳ which (goat) for the Lord and which for the precipice.—2) decree, edict, divine dispensation; (in an evil sense) persecution by foreign governments. Sifra l. c. ch. VI, Par. 5 יכול יהא גְּזֵרַת מלך lest you may think it is a royal ordinance (the reason of which is not known); v. vers. in Yalk. Lev. 576. Num. R. s. 19 ג׳ גזרתי … על גְּזֵרָתִי I have decreed it, thou art not permitted to transgress my decree (though knowing no reason).—R. Hash. 18ᵇ גְּזֵרַת המלכות (Ms. M. שמד) political persecution. Sabb. 145ᵇ to reflect איזו ג׳ קשה אביא וכ׳ what hard dispensation to send them; a. fr. a rabbinical enactment issued as a guard (v. גֶּדֶר), preventive measure; in gen. prohibition, restriction. B. Bath. 60ᵇ, a. e. אין גוזרין ג׳ על וכ׳ we must not impose a restriction on the public which the majority can not endure. Bets. 2ᵇ, a. fr. ג׳ משום וכ׳ it is prohibited in order to prevent &c. Ib. 3ᵃ ג׳ לג׳ a guard to a guard, i.e. a preventive measure enacted in order to prevent the violation of another preventive measure; a. fr.—Pl. גְּזֵרוֹת, גְּזֵירוֹת. B. Bath. l. c. ג׳ רעות וקשות Ms. M. (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) bad and severe enactments (persecutions). Sabb. 30ᵃ Moses, our teacher גזר כמה ג׳ issued so many restrictions. Macc. 24ᵃ ארבע ג׳ גזר וכ׳ four hardships did Moses pronounce over Israel. Erub. 21ᵇ הרבה ג׳ גזרתי על עצמי וכ׳ many restrictions did I (Israel) impose upon myself beyond those which thou (the Lord, in the Torah) &c. Pes. 87ᵇ, v. אֲרָם; a. fr.—M. Kat. III, 3, v. גָּזָר. (logics) category, esp. ג׳ שָׁוָהG’zerah shavah, an equal or identic category, i.e. an analogy between two laws established on the basis of verbal congruities in the texts, e.g. Pes. 66ᵃ, נאמר מועדו בפסח וכ׳ the Passover law contains the word moădo (due season, Num. XI, 2) and the law concerning the daily sacrifices uses the same word (ib. XXVIII, 2): as the word moădo in the latter indicates that it applies also to the Sabbath day (superseding the ordinary Sabbath law concerning labor), so does it in the former intimate that it supersedes the Sabbath law (if the eve of Passover occurs on a Sabbath). Ib. אין אדם דן ג"ש מעצמו you cannot establish an analogy from congruent expressions of your own accord, i.e. it must be authorized by tradition that the verbal congruity is applied to a certain analogy and no other.—Y. Yeb. XI, 11ᵈ top ג"ש במקום שבאת an analogy can be drawn wherever it occurs, i.e. a textual analogy once established must be carried through all details; ib. VIII, 9ᶜ bot. ג"ש במקום שכתוב (corr. acc.); Y. Kidd. IV, 65ᵈ top; Y. Snh. IX, 26ᵈ bot.; a. e.—Sabb. 97ᵃ ג"ש לא גמיר he had no tradition concerning that analogy; a. fr.—In gen. ג"שanalogy. Bets. I, 6; a. e.—Pl. גְּזֵירוֹת שָׁווֹת. Gen. R. s. 46; Lev. R. s. 25. [Y. Ber. VIII, 12ᵇ top גזירה דהוא רבע, read גזרית or גזירנא I command that &c.; Y. Keth. V, 30ᵃ גזירה דגזרין, v. גָּזוֹרָא.] ↗ expanded
גְּחַךְ (corresp. to b. h. צחק) to laugh, jest. Targ. Y. Gen. XVIII, 13; 15 (O. חייך, h. text צחק). Y. Naz. VII, 56ᶜ top אתחמי ג׳ he appeared to be laughing. Y. Kidd. III, 64ᵃ bot. גַּחֲכִין they laughed. Y. Ber. VI, 10ᶜ top [read:] גחיך ליה חבריה his colleague laughed at him (Bab. ib. 39ᵃ לגלג … חבירו). Y. Kil. IX, 32ᶜ bot. ג׳ לקבליה he received him with a smile; Y. Keth. XII, 35ᵇ. Gen. R. s. 30 גָּחוּךְ צבורא לקליה the audience laughed at what he said; a. fr. to sport, to be obscene (of obscene idolatrous practices). Targ. II Chr. XV, 16; a. e. Pa. גַּחֵךְsame, to jest. Targ. Y. Gen. XIX, 14. to be obscene. Targ. Y. ib. XXI, 9. Targ. Y. Ex. XXXII, 6; a. e. Ithpe. אִיגְּחַךְto be made sport of. Y. B. Mets. IV, 9ᵈ it is no honor to me that people should say (of me) פלוני א׳ that man was fooled (allowed himself to be taken advantage of). ↗ expanded
גַּחֲכָן (preced.) jester. Snh. 39ᵃ אלהיכון ג׳ וכ׳ your God is a jester (making sport of the prophet). ↗ expanded
גַּחֶלֶתburning coal. Bets. V, 5; Tosef. ib. IV, 7 הג׳ כרגלי וכ׳ if one takes burning coals from his neighbor on the Holy day, they may be carried only as far as the owner is permitted to go; contrad. to שלהבת. Y. Ber. VIII, 12ᵇ bot.; a. e.—Yeb. 63ᵇ כניצוץ מבעיר ג׳ (as dangerous) as a spark kindling coals. Ab. II, 10 והוי זהיר בגַחַלְתָּן וכ׳ take care of their (the scholars’) burning coals (do not treat them lightly) that thou mayest not be burnt. Gen. R. s. 78 end שלא נִכָּוֶה בגַחַלְתּוֹ וכ׳ (we are afraid) that we may be burnt by the coal of Jacob, i.e. come to grief through contact with a godly man.—Pl. גֶּחָלִים. Yoma IV, 3. Gen. R. s. 51 רדת ג׳ she took coals out of the oven; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גָּחַן (v. גחה) to bend. Pesik. R. s. 26 היה גוֹחֵן לארץ וכ׳ he bent down to the ground and kissed the foot-prints. Num. R. s. 4, beg. אמו גוֹחֶנֶת עליו וכ׳ his mother bends over him and lets him suck; (Tosef. Sabb. XV (XVI), 5 שוחה).—Part. pass. גָּחוּןbent. Gen. R. s. 20 שיהו מהלכין גְּחוּנִין וכ׳ (v. Yalk. ib. 31) that they walk bent (with grief) over their dead. ↗ expanded
גְּחַן Targ. Y. Gen. XXIII, 7 (O. סגיד). Targ. Ps. XCV, 6. Targ. I Kings XVIII, 42 (h. text גהר); a. fr.—Gitt. 57ᵇ גחין ושקליה bend down and take it up. B. Mets. 59ᵃ, v. גּוּצָא.—Sot. 40ᵃ ג׳ וזקיף עליה bends down (to listen to him) and stands up by his side (as an Amora).—Part. pass. גְּחִין, pl. גְּחִינֵי. Sabb. 43ᵃ בתי ג׳ houses with low ceilings↗ expanded
גַּחַר (גחר or גהר; cmp. I Kings XVIII, 42) projection, jetty. Pl. גְּחָרִים, גְּהָרִים. Ohol. VIII, 2 גה׳ ed.; Ar. גח׳, R. S. גְּחִירִים. [Ar.: an opening in a wall for admitting light; oth. opin.: cave. Cmp. גִּיהַּ a. גִּיחוֹר.] ↗ expanded
גֵּט (גטט, cmp. חטט) [engraving,] a legal document.—ג׳ אשה (often without אשה) letter of divorce. Pl. גִּיטֵּי נשים. Gitt. I, 5; 4; a. fr.—ג׳ חוֹב (usu. שטר) note of indebtedness. B. Kam. 95ᵃ; Keth. 51ᵇ.—ג׳ חֲלִיצָה a certificate stating compliance with the law of ḥălitsah (Deut. XXV, 5—10). Yeb. 106ᵃ. Ib. 106ᵇ דמקרי גט חליצה who pronounces the words to be said at the act of ḥălitsah (Deut. XXV, 7 a. 8).—ג׳ מִיאוּן a certificate stating a woman’s protest against her marriage. Ib.—ג׳ כריתות = ג׳ אשה. Snh. 11ᵃ.—ג׳ מעושה a document (of divorce) made out under compulsion. Gitt. IX, 8; a. fr.—[For other compounds see respective determinants].—Ib. II, 5 a woman may write את גִּיטָּהּ her own letter of divorce. Ib. 7 להביא את גִּטָּהּ to carry her letter of divorce. Ib. VI, 1, a. fr. גּטִּי, גִּיטִּי. Ib. VII, 3, a. fr. גִּטֵּךְ, גִּיטֵּיךְ &c. Ib., a. fr. הרי זה ג׳ the letter of divorce is valid. Ib. אינו ג׳ it is not valid. Ib. ג׳ ואינו ג׳ it is of doubtful validity.—Pl. גִּטִּין, גִּיטִּין; constr. גִּטֵּי, גִּיטֵּי. Ib. III, 2; II, 2; a. fr.—Hence Gittin, name of a Talmudic treatise. ↗ expanded
גֵּט ² Targ. O. Deut. XXIV, 1 (ed. Berl. גַּט). Targ. Y. Gen. XXI, 14; a. fr.—Gitt. IX, 3 גט פטורין = h. גט כריתות, v. preced.—Yeb. 106ᵇ ג׳ דחליצתא = h. גט חליצה, v. preced.; a. fr.—Pl. גִּיטִּין, גִּיטֵּי. Gitt. 84ᵇ ↗ expanded
גטישא , Targ. Y. II, Lev. I, 16 Ar., v. נְטָשָׁא. ↗ expanded
גַּיְאglen, wady. Constr. גֵּיא. Erub. 19ᵃ; Succ. 32ᵇ, v. גֵּיהִינָּם.—Pl. גֵּאָיוֹת. Shebi. III, 8 מדרגות על פי הג׳ steps leading to the ravines (for carrying up the water for irrigation); Tosef. ib. III, 4. Ab. Zar. 54ᵇ ↗ expanded
גִּיב (denom. of גַּב; cmp. דברים בגב s. v. גַּב), Pa. גַּיֵּיב to reply. Gen. R. s. 80 מְגַּיֵּיב will he be able to reply (argue)? Af. אָגֵיבsame. Y. Ber. I, 3ᵇ top מֵגִיב ליה חבריה upon which his colleague remarked. Ib. IV, 8ᵇ top. Y. Kidd. I, 61ᵇ [read:] אימיה … אמרה לכון אכין ואגיבונתה אכין … אמרה לון אכין ואגיבונה אכין R. Tarfon’s mother spoke to you thus (as reported), and ye answered her accordingly; R. Yishmael’s mother spoke to us thus, and we &c. [Nidd. 65ᵇ דמגבי, read דמְגִיבֵי; v. גִּיחַ.] ↗ expanded
גִּיבְבָא (גבב, v. preced.) hump of a mountain, summit. Targ. Ps. LXVIII, 16 Var., v. גִּיבְנָא.—Pl. f. גִּיבְבָתָא. Gen. R. s. 98 some ed., v. גּוֹבְבָתָא. ↗ expanded
גִּיבּוּי (גבי) collection of debts, dues &c. Bekh. 5ᵃ בג׳ כסף in the Bibl. account concerning the collection of silver (Ex. XXXVIII, 25 sq.). Keth. 68ᵃ קודם שיבוא לידי ג׳ before it becomes due for collection through the court. ↗ expanded
גּיבּוּל (גבל) kneading.—בר ג׳ fit, designed to be kneaded. Sabb. 18ᵃ; 155ᵇ ↗ expanded
גִּיבְנָא (גבן) hump. Targ. Ps. LXVIII, 16 אתעביד להון ג׳ (Var. גיבבא) became hump-backed (unfit for sacred purposes, v. גַּבְנוּן). *Pl. גִּיבְנַיָּא. Sifré Deut. 51 ed. Fr. גִּבְנַ׳ דאשקלון the heights of A., v. גַּנָּא. ↗ expanded
גִּיבַּר , strong; hero; giant. Targ. Gen. X, 8; a. e.—Pl. גִּיבָּרִין, גִּיבָּרַיָּא, גִּבָּ׳. Targ. O. a. Y. II Gen. XLIX, 5; a. e.—Targ. O. Gen. XXXVI, 24 (Y. כודנייתא, h. text ימם). Targ. O. Gen. XV, 20 גִּיבָּרַיָּא ed. Berl. (ed. גִּבָּרָאֵי, Y. גְּבָרָאֵי, h. text רפאים); Deut. II, 10; 11 (Y. גִּנְבָּרַיָּא, h. text ענקים). Ib. 20; 21.—Snh. 100ᵇ גברי גיברין קטל דויא grief kills the strongest man.—Fem. pl. גִּיבַּרְוָותָא, גִּבַּ׳. Ber. 31ᵃ כמה הלכתא ג׳ וכ׳ (Ms. M. גִּבָּרָתָא) how many important rules can we learn &c.! ↗ expanded
גִּיבָּרָא (v. אֵיבְרָא a. גְּבַר)membrum virile. Targ. Job XL, 17 Ms. a. Ar. s. v. שעבז (ed. וָתָנַיָּא; h. text גידי). Targ. Y. Num. XXV, 8 בית גִּיבְרֵיה his parts.—Pl. גִּיבָּרַיָּא. Targ. Y. Ex. XVII, 13; Deut. XXV, 18 (v. Tanḥ. Ki Thetse 10). ↗ expanded
גִּיגִּית (cmp. גַּג) something arched, roofing, a huge vessel, tub, tank (for brewing beer); reservoir. Sabb. 18ᵇ ג׳ … מ"ט שרו וכ׳ why do the Hillelites permit the preparation of beer in the tank (where the process is continued on the Sabbath)? Ib. XXIV, 5 אם יש בג׳ whether there is in the roofing (which connected two buildings) &c. Ib. 157ᵇ ג׳ סדוקה וכ׳ a defective roofing rested over them. Ib. 108ᵇ sq. יד לג׳ כ׳ the hand which is put in the beer tank (in the morning, before being washed); [Ar.: a hand used for taking beer to tap out of the tank]. Snh. 77ᵃ כפה עליו ג׳ if one inverts a tank over a man (causing his death indirectly). Sabb. 88ᵃ כפה … כג׳ the Lord arched the mount over them like a tank; Ab. Zar. 2ᵇ; a. e.—Pl. גִּיגִּיּוֹת. Y. Snh. VII, 25ᵇ bot. מה שבג׳ וכ׳ what lives in reservoirs or in vivaria. Succ. IV, 6 ג׳ של זהב gilt tanks. ↗ expanded
גִּיגִּיתָא Y. Ter. VIII, 45ᶜ bot.; Y. Ab. Zar. II, 41ᵃ bot. [read:] איתגליא ליה גִּיגִּיתֵיה his water (or beer) tank was left uncovered.—Pl. גִּיגִּיָּיתָא. Y. Sabb. I, 3ᵈ top; Y. Ter. VII, 45ᵈ bot. גוגייתיה (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
גִּידthread, chord, sinew, artery, tendon.—ג׳ הַנָּשֶׁה (b. h.) nervus ischiadicus. Ḥull. VII, 1 גיד הנ׳ נוהג וכ׳ the law concerning the nervus ischiadicus (Gen. XXXII, 33) applies &c. Ib. 89ᵇ, a. fr. איסור ג׳ (sub. הנשה) the prohibitory law concerning &c.—Euphem. membrum virile. Kidd. 25ᵃ.—Pl. גִּידִים, גִּידִין, constr. גִּידֵי. Ḥull. VII, 5. Ib. 100ᵇ, a. fr. אין בג׳ בנ"ט the rule for mixtures of forbidden and permitted things to be decided by taste-giving quantities applies not to tendons. Ib. 90ᵇ ג׳ צואר the blood vessels of the throat, contrad. to ג׳ בשר soft tendons.—Y. Meg. I, 17ᵈ top תופרין בג׳ the T’fillin are sewed with threads of dried tendons.—Gen. R. s. 20 ג׳ של אדמה fibres of dried roots in the ground. Maasr. I, 2 [אדומים] משיטילו ג׳ (v. comment.) when they (the peaches) get [red] veins; Y. ib. I, 48ᵈ bot.—Denom. גִּיֵּיד q. v. [גִּיד, pl. גִּידִּיןworm-wood, v. גִּידָּא II.] ↗ expanded
גִּידָא Targ. Gen. XXXII, 33.—Targ. Y. Deut. XXIII, 2 membrum.—Ḥull. 97ᵇ ג׳ נשיא = גיד הנשה, v. preced.—Y. Meg. I, 71ᵈ top גודא דרצועתא the thread with which a thong of the T’fillin was pieced together.—Pl. גִּידִין, גִּידַיָּא. Targ. Ez. XXXVII, 6. Targ. Job X, 11. ↗ expanded
גִּידָּא 1 , grain, coriander &c. Targ. O. Ex. XVI, 31; Num. XI, 7 (Y. כּוּסְבַּר).—Yoma 75ᵃ, v. גַּד II.—Pl. גִּידֵּי. Sabb. 109ᵇ ג׳ דרוביא Ms. O. (ed. גירי) grains of fenugreek, v. גּיר III, 2. ↗ expanded
גִּידָּא 2 (גדד, v. גַּד I) worm-wood, bitter herb. Targ. Am. V, 7. Targ. Prov. V, 4 גידדא ed. Lag. (ed. גיררא, גירא, corr. acc.; Ar. גִּידֵּי pl.).—Pl. גִּידִּין. Targ. Jer. IX, 14 Ar. (ed. גירין, corr. acc.). Ib. XXIII, 15; a. e.—(In h. diction) Yalk. Gen. 126, v. גַּד I. Tanḥ. B’shall., ed. Bub. 22 (play on גד) שהיה בפיהם כג׳ מרין the manna was in their (the gentiles’) mouths like bitter worm-wood. Sabb. 87ᵃ (play on ויגׄדׄ, Ex. XIX, 9) דברים שקשין לאדם כגִֹידִֹּין words (of warning against punishment) which are as hard (distasteful) to man as worm-wood. [Targ. Y. I Gen. XLIX, 23, Targ. Y. II, Gen. XLIX, 23 גידין, גידיא some ed., read גיר׳, v. גִּיר III.] ↗ expanded
*גִּידּוֹד (גדד) full of incisions, wrinkled, [or acrid (?), v. גַּד I]. Y. Dem. II, beg. 22ᵇ ג׳ הוא; v., however, גְּדוּרָא. ↗ expanded
גִּידּוּד (גדד) a steep or straight embankment. Erub. 93ᵇ (Ms. M. גִּידּוּר, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 10); Gitt. 15ᵇ ג׳ חמשה ומחיצה וכ׳ an earth embankment of five cubits and on it a partition wall of five. ↗ expanded
גִּידּוּדָא . *Targ. Is. XXXVIII, 12 נחל גי׳ ed. Lag. (Rashi גְּדוּדָאִין) a wady between steep embankments (Var. נְוַל גַּרְדָּאִין, h. text אֹרֵג).—Sabb. 41ᵃ לית ליה גי׳ (Ms. M. גד׳) has no steep banks. Erub. 6ᵃ דאיכא גי׳ where there are yet embankments (remnants of ruined buildings).—בית ג׳ soil full of cuts, rough places. Targ. Is. XL, 4 (h. text רכסים).—Trnsf. snares. Targ. Ps. XXXI, 21 גידודי גיבריא (h. text רכסי) snares of mighty (violent) men (Ms. גברי גדודי). ↗ expanded
גִּידּוּל (גדל) rearing of children. Snh. 19ᵇ צער ג׳ בנים the trouble of rearing children; Gen. R. s. 20; Erub. 100ᵇ growth. Ber. VI, 3 דבר שאין גִּדּוּלוֹ וכ׳ (Y. ed. גִּידּוּלָיו pl.) whatever does not grow out of the soil (animal food &c.); a. fr.—Pl. גִּידּוּלִין, constr. גִּידּוּלֵי. Y. ib. V, 9ᶜ top דרך גִּידּוּלֵיהֶן the way they grow, v. גְּדִילָה.—Ned. VII, 6 אסור בחלופיהן (ובגִידּ׳) וּבגִדּוּלֵיהֶן it is forbidden to eat or enjoy what has been exchanged for the fruits or what has grown of their seeds. Ib. גידולי ג׳ growths of the second degree. Y. Ter. VII, end, 45ᵃ ג׳ איסור products of forbidden seeds. Ber. 40ᵇ ג׳ קרקע products of the ground; a. fr. raising to dignity, elevation.—Pl. as above. Gen. R. s. 55 beg. ג׳ אחר ג׳ (Yalk. ib. 95 גְּדוּלָּה, Yalk. Ps. 777 גִּדָּלוֹן). ↗ expanded
גִּידּוֹלGiddol, name of several Amoraim. Y. Meg. III, end 74ᶜ ר׳ גי׳; Yoma 69ᵇ ר׳ גדל. Y. Bets. I, 60ᵃ (without title). Kidd. 59ᵃ ר׳ גידל; a. fr.—G. b. Binyamin, b. Minyamin (Minyomi). Y. Pes. VIII, end, 36ᵇ.—Y. B. Bath. III, 14ᵃ; Bab. B. Bath. 39ᵇ; a. fr.—G. b. R’ulai. Gitt. 34ᵃ ↗ expanded
גִּידּוּעַ (גדע) felling. Y. Ab. Zar. IV, 44ᵃ (ref. to Deut. VII, 5).—Pl. גִּידּוּעִין, constr. גִּידּוּעֵי. Bab. Ab. Zar. 45ᵇ ג׳ע"א the execution of the laws concerning the destruction of objects used for idolatry. that which grows out of a stump; cmp. גֶּזַע. Ib. שגִּידּוּעוֹ אסור וכ׳ the fresh growth of which is forbidden while the root is permitted; 48ᵃ ↗ expanded
גִּידּוּףblasphemy, reviling. Gitt. 56ᵇ; a. e.—Pl. גִּידּוּפִין, גִּדּ׳. Y. Ter. I, 40ᵈ תפלתו ג׳ his prayer is blasphemy. Ex. R. s. 41, beg.; a. e. ↗ expanded
גִּידּוּפָא B. Kam. 38ᵃ דגי׳ הוא for (their way of consoling) is blasphemy.—Pl. גִּידּוּפִין, גִּידּוּפַיָּא, גִּדּ׳. Targ. I Sam. II, 3. Targ. Y. I Deut. XXXII, 3 (II גַּדִּיפִין, גָּדִי׳).—Cant. R. to I, 6 מדינתא דחירופיא וג׳ a city full of scorn and blasphemy (Cæsarea). ↗ expanded
גִּידּוּר (גדר) fencing in, self-restraint.—ג׳ ערוה chastity. Lev. R. s. 32; v. גֶּדֶר a. גְּדֵירָה.—Y. Dem. III, 23ᶜ top מפני גידורו, read גְּדֵירוֹ, v. גָּדֵיר.—Erub. 93ᵇ, v. גִּידּוּד. ↗ expanded
*גִּידֵּל (גדל, Pi.) pupil. Yalk. Gen. 84 ג׳ בית אברהם וכ׳ (Gen. R. s. 50 בביתו של א"א, corr. acc.) he (Lot) was a pupil of the house of Abraham; v. Tanḥ. ed. Bub., Vayera 15. ↗ expanded
גִּידֵּם (גדם) one whose hand or fingers are cut off or stumped. Men. 37ᵃ; Taan. 21ᵃ; a. fr.—Pl. גִּידְּמִים, גִּידְּמִין, גִּדְּ׳. Snh. VIII, 4; Y. ib. VIII, 26ᵇ top; a. e.—Fem. גִּידֶּמֶת, גִּדֶּ׳. Y. Yeb. XII, 13ᵃ top; Gen. R. s. 81, beg. Sabb. 53ᵇ אשה ג׳ a woman with a stumped finger.—Ḥull. 79ᵃ גידמת an animal whose tail and ears are lopped off. Cmp. קִיטֵּם. ↗ expanded
גִּידְּמָא ch. m. (v. preced.) trunk; twig. branch (cmp. גֶּזַע). Gitt. 37ᵃ גי׳ דדיקלא ed. (Ar. גו׳ בדיקליה) trunk of a palm tree (Ar. a branch on his &c.). Macc. 8ᵃ ומחייה לגו׳ Ar. (ed. גרמא, Ms. M. גירמא) and struck a branch.—Pl. גִּידְּמֵי, גּוּדְ׳ Sabb. 110ᵃ אסא וגי׳ ed. (Ar. וגו׳, Ms. O. גירד׳, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) myrtle and palm branches. ↗ expanded
גִּיהוּץ (גהץ) calendering clothes, fine laundry work. Y. M. Kat. III, 82ᵃ bot. איזהו ג׳ כלי וכ׳ the process called gihuts applies to woolen garments when they are new, and to white linen garments when laundried. Taan. 29ᵇ ג׳ שלנו ככיבוס שלהם (Ms. M. always גִּיחוּץ) our (Babylonian) laundry work is like their (Palestinean) plain wash. Ib. אין בהן משום ג׳ are not included in the prohibition of laundry work (in the festive week &c.). Keth. 10ᵇ top. ↗ expanded
גִּיהְיָא (v. גִּיהַּ) flame-colored. Bekh. 45ᵇ (expl. גיחור) as people say סומקא גיה׳ Ar. (ed. גיח׳) flame-red. ↗ expanded
גֵּיהִינָּם c. (b. h. pr. n. Gehinnom, Gehenna, a glen to the south of Jerusalem where Molokh was worshipped; whence place of punishment of the wicked in the hereafter, hell, opp. גן עדן paradise. Erub. 19ᵃ; Succ. 32ᵇ שתי תמרות … וזו היא פתחה של ג׳ two palm-trees are in the Valley of Ben Hinnom … and this is the entrance to Gehenna. Sot. 4ᵇ, a. fr. דינה של ג׳ future punishment. Yoma 72ᵇ לא תירתו תרתי ג׳ be not the heirs of two G. (here and hereafter, by laborious study of the Law without living up to its requirements). R. Hash. 17ᵃ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גַּיּוּסCaius, Gaius, (mostly corrupt) used, in connection with לוקיוס (Lucius), to represent gentile names in general. Pesik. R. s. 21 (ed. Fr. p. 107ᵃ; 107ᵇ) ג׳ מן הגודר ולוקיוס מן וכ׳ e.g. Gaius of Gadara and Lucius of Susitha (Hippos). Ib. 108ᵃ (corr. acc.).—Y. Gitt. I, 43ᵇ top גוים לוקין וכ׳ (corr. acc.) G. a. L. are the signers and ye ask yet (whether the signers must be personally known as Jews to the witnesses)? [Bab. ib. 11ᵇ לוקוס ולוס, prob. ל׳ וגיוס.]—Y. Ter. X, 47ᵇ; Y. Ab. Zar. III, 42ᵃ [ref. to letters accompanying a ship load (?)]. Emperor Caius Caligula. Y. Sot. IX, 24ᵇ top (גוליקוס) גייס גוליקם; Bab. Sot. 33ᵃ גסקלגס; Cant. R. to VIII, 9 גיוסלוקין (corr. גיוס קליגולס = Καλιγούλας). ↗ expanded
גִּיּוֹרstranger. Targ. O. Ex. XXIII, 9; a. fr.—Erub. 9ᵃ; B. Kam. 42ᵃ; Yoma 47ᵃ יציבא … וג׳ בשמי שמיא the native below and the stranger on top! i.e. what a paradox is this! proselyte. Targ. Y. Ex. II, 12; a. e.—Y. Sabb. VI, 8ᵈ top. Y. Kidd. VII, 64ᶜ bot. ההן ג׳ וכ׳, v. גּוּפְנָא. Snh. 94ᵃ; a. fr.—Pl. גִּיּוֹרִין, גִּיּוֹרַיָּא. Targ. I Chr. XXVIII, 2; a. e.—Fem. גִּיּוֹרְתָּאproselyte. Ber. 8ᵇ; Pes. 112ᵇ ↗ expanded
גַּיּוֹרָא (גור II) adulterer, wencher, lewd man. Targ. Job XXIV, 15 Ms. (ed. גיופא). Targ. Y. Lev. XX, 10 גִּיּ׳.—Pl. גַּיּוֹרִין, גַּיּוֹרַיָּא, (גִּיּ׳) גַּיּוֹרֵי. Targ. Y. Ex. XX, 13. Targ. Ps. L, 18 Ms. (ed. גייופי); a. e.—[Targ. Prov. XXX, 31, read with Ms. גִּזְרָא II.]—Fem. גַּיּוֹרְתָּא. Targ. Y. Lev. XX, 10 גִּיּוֹ׳. Targ. Prov. XXX, 20 גַּיַּירְתָּא. ↗ expanded
גִּיּוֹרֵיBar-Giyore (son of proselytes). M. Kat. 18ᵃ בר ג׳ (Ms. M. גיורא); Erub. 62ᵃ.—Gen. R. s. 35 יודן בר ג׳; Yalk. Josh. 31 (some ed. גירו); M. Kat. 9ᵃ; Tanḥ. B’resh. 13 יהודה בן גרים. ↗ expanded
גַּיּוּת (denom. of גּוֹי) gentile status. Keth. 11ᵃ בגַיּוּתָהּ while she may live as a gentile (as she may protest against her conversion in childhood). ↗ expanded
גֵּיוְתָא (גאי, v. גֵּאוּתָא) grandeur. Targ. Ezek. XXVIII, 13. Targ. O. Ex. XV, 1 ed. Berl. pride, haughtiness, v. גֵּיתִי. ↗ expanded
גֵּיוְתָן (v. preced.) haughty, proud man. Gen. R. s. 85 גיו׳; Yalk. Dan. 1063 גאו׳.—Pl. גֵּיוְתָנִין &c. Ex. R. s. 8; Tanḥ. Vaëra 9 הג׳ שעושין וכ׳ the haughty who declare themselves as gods. Treat. Der. Er. II, beg. גֵּיפְתָנִין, גֵּפְ׳. ↗ expanded
גֵּיוְתָנָאsame. Targ. Ps. XXXVI, 12. Targ. Is. XLIX, 25 (Vers.); a. e.—Pl. גֵּיוְתָנִין &c. Targ. Ez. XVI, 49. &c. Targ. Ez. XVI, 49. (in a good sense) exalted. Targ. Job XXII, 29. ↗ expanded
גֵּיוְתָנוּתָא (preced.) exaltedness, glory. Targ. Ps. XLVI, 4. Targ. Y. Ex. XV, 7; a. e. pride, haughtiness. Targ. Ps. XXXI, 19; a. e. ↗ expanded
גִּיזָּה , f. (גָּזַז) shearing; wool cut or to be cut. Bekh. 14ᵃ; 25ᵃ; Ḥull. 135ᵃ אסורים בג׳ must not be shorn. Ib. בני ג׳ permitted to be cut. Y. Sabb. XIX, 17ᵃ top; Y. Pes. VI, 33ᵃ (בגִיזָּתָהּ) בגִיזָּתוֹ between its wool (Bab. ib. 66ᵃ בצמרו); a. fr.—Midr. Till. to Ps. I זמן ג׳, v. גְּזִיזָה.—Pl. גִּיזּוֹת, גִּיזּוֹת. Ḥull. l. c. חוץ מגִּיזּוֹתֶיהָ with the exception of its wool. Midr. Till. l. c. ללבוש מגִּזּוֹתֵיהֶן to have garments from their wool. ↗ expanded
גִּיזּוּזָא (גזז) cutting off, shearing. Constr. גִּיזּוּז. Targ. Is. III, 24; XXII, 12 (h. text קרחה). trimming. B. Bath. 4ᵃ ↗ expanded
גִּיזּוּם (גָּזַם) cutting, tapping. Ab. Zar. 50ᵇ ג׳ אברויי וכ׳ tapping is an act of strengthening the tree. Ib. סכין שמן לג׳ you may put oil on the cut (to stop the flow of sap). ↗ expanded
גִּיחַ (cmp. גִּיהַּ) to break forth, stir up. Dan. VII, 2. Targ. Job XXXVIII, 8 במִגְחֵיה (h. text בגיחו) when he breaks forth. [Targ. Ps. XLII, 5 למגח Ms., read למחג, v. חגג].—ג׳ קרבא, v. infra. (cmp. meanings of בּוּעַ) to low (of oxen). Targ. Job VI, 5 (some ed. יגעי, h. text יגעה). Af. אָגִיחַ, (אַגַּח) אָגַח , esp. with קרבא (Af. a. Pe.) to attack, fight. Targ. O. Ex. I, 10; XIV, 14. Targ. Y. Gen. XXI, 10.—Targ. Ps. LX, 2 אֲגִיחַ עם (sub. קרבא). Targ. O. Deut. XX, 4; a. fr.—Tosef. Sot. XIII, 5; Sot. 33ᵃ לאָגָחָא קרבא to wage war. Nidd. 65ᵇ כתובה דמַגְחֵי וכ׳ Ar. (ed. מגבי, v. גִּיב, Var. דמגהי) a marriage deed over which they fight much before signing. Ithpa. אִתָּגַח (with קרבא) to be fought. Targ. O. Ex. XVII, 16; a. e. ↗ expanded
גִּיחוּךְ (גחך) laughter, sport; obscenity. Nidd. 23ᵃ הביאו … לידי ג׳ וכ׳ tried to make R. laugh, but the latter did not laugh.—Sabb. 64ᵃ כומז (Num. XXXI, 50) is translated מחוך, דבר המביא לידי ג׳ ed. (Ms. M., Yalk. Num. 786 מחוך) something which leads to obscenity. ↗ expanded
גִּיחוּכָא Targ. II Chron. XV, 16 (h. text מפלצת). ↗ expanded
גִּיחוֹן (b. h.) the river Giḥon. Gen. R. s. 16 (play on גָּחוֹן). ↗ expanded
גִּיחוֹרָא . Ber. 59ᵇ והאי דג׳ משום דמשמשי וכ׳ (Ms. M. שפירי, inserting גיחורי in place of דניידי עינייהו ed.) that they are red-spotted arises from sexual intercourse in day-time; (Ar. והאי דגְחִירֵי משום דדיירי בבתי אפלי because they live in dark rooms). ↗ expanded
גִּיֵּידPi. (denom. of גִּיד) to cut an artery through, to bleed to death (a gentile mode of execution). *Lev. R. s. 6 מְגַיֵּיד את הגנבים והורג וכ׳ Ar. s. v. גד 12 (Var. מנגיד, Ar. Compl. ed. Koh. 2392) had the thieves bled to death and the receivers of stolen goods decapitated (ed. הורג את הקבלנין ומתיר את הגנבים).—Part. pass. מְגוּיָּידhe who had his arteries opened, bled to death. Ohol. I, 6 אפי׳ מג׳ even if his arteries are cut open (and he is dying). Yeb. XVI, 3 (120ᵃ). Yeb. 120ᵇ למימרא דמג׳ חי does this intimate that one whose arteries have been severed, may survive?—Y. ib. XVI, 15ᶜ bot. אפי׳ ראוהו מ׳ וכ׳ (Tosef. ib. XIV, 4 נִתְגַּיֵּיד) even if witnesses have seen him bleeding from severed arteries, I say, the operation may have been performed with a glowing knife and he may have recovered. Tosef. Gitt. VII (V), 1; Bab. ib. 70ᵇ מְגוּיָּד; Y. ib. VII, 48ᶜ bot. Nithpa. נִתְגַּיֵּיד , v. supra. ↗ expanded
גַּיֵּיד Snh. 67ᵇ וגַיְּידֵיה לגמלא (read לגמליה, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 8) and severed his camel’s arteries; Yeb. 120ᵇ ↗ expanded
גַּיָּיס (גּוּס II) troop, esp. ravaging troop, invaders, robbers (= b. h. גְּדוּד). Pes. III, 7 (49ᵃ) (if one left his home) להציל מן הג׳ Y. ed. a. Ms. M. (ed. עכום, גויים, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) to rescue (Israelites &c.) from an invading troop. Yeb. 122ᵇ רדף אחרינו ג׳ a band pursued us; a. fr.—Pl. גַּיָּיסוֹת. Ib. XVI, 7 (122ᵃ) the country is משובשת בג׳ in confusion on account of invaders. Ruth R. to I, 5; a. fr.—Denom. גִּיֵּיסto arrange battle, to orderout troops; to array. Ib. כמה גייסות … לגַיֵּיס how many troops can I send out. Ib.; Lev. R. s. 17 התחיל מְגַיֵּיס חיילותיו וכ׳ he began to arrange his armies for battle; a. fr. [גייס pr. n. m., v. גַּיּוּס.] ↗ expanded
גַּיָּיסָא Targ. II Chr. XXXII, 7 (h. text המון).—Y. Sot. VIII, end, 23ᵃ (translation of Gen. XLIX, 19) ג׳ אתי מְגַיַּיסְתֵּיה וכ׳ an army comes to ravage him, but he &c.; Gen. R. s. 98.—Ber. 60ᵇ bot.; a. e. Pl. גַּיָּיסִין. Targ. Ps. LXV, 11 גַּיְסָהָא ed. Vien. (ed. גיי׳, Ms. גְּיָּי׳).—Denom. גַּיֵּיס = h. גִּיֵּיס, v. preced.—Gen. R. l. c.; a. e. ↗ expanded
גַּיָּירָא (גּוּר II) adultery, whoredom.—Pl. גַּיָּירַיָּיא. Lev. R. s. 33, v. בְּלֵי. ↗ expanded
גִּיל 1 v. גיל) to form a circle, to gather; to rejoice. Y. Ber. V, 8ᵈ bot. (ref. to Ps. II, 11) לכשיבוא יום רעדה תָּגִילוּ when the time of trembling comes (in a disposition of reverence) shall ye assemble (for prayer); cmp. גִּילָה. ↗ expanded
גִּיל 2preced.) circle, association of coevals. B. Mets. 27ᵇ; Yeb. 120ᵃ the same mark מצויה בבן גִּילוֹ is frequently found with those born at the same hour (under the same planetary influences, cmp. גַּלְגַּל). Meg. 11ᵃ בן גילו וכ׳ of the same character. Ned. 39ᵇ בן גילו (Ar. בני) of the same age; B. Bets. 30ᵇ. Ruth R. to I, 3 מת אחד מן הג׳ ידאג כל הג׳ if one of the circle (of the coevals) died, the whole circle must take it to heart.—Pl. גִּילִין. Ib.—v. גִּילָאֵי. [Y. Orl. II, 61ᵈ bot. גיל השבט, v. גָּזֵל.] ↗ expanded
גִּיל 3 (גול) ball, clapper of a bell. Lev. R. s. 27, beg.; Tanḥ. Emor 5 גול; ed. Bub. ib. 7 גיל. ↗ expanded
גִּילָא 2 (גלל) something rounded. Succ. 34ᵃ חילפא ג׳ a willow with rounded leaves. Sabb. 110ᵃ; Men. 42ᵇ (מ)גביא ג׳ (v. מַגַּבְיָא) liquid alum in rounded form (στυπτηρία στρογγύλη, v. Sm. Ant. s. v. Stypteria). (cmp. גַּלְגַּל Ps. LXXXIII, 14) [rolled about,] stubble, straw. Targ. Job XIII, 25.—Ḥull. 46ᵇ a feather, spittle, או ג׳ or a piece of straw. Ib. 56ᵇ top ג׳ דחיטתא a piece of wheat straw. Nidd. 26ᵇ דרמינן ליה בג׳ דחטתא on whom we may throw wheat chaff, i.e. embarrass with petty questions.—Pl. גִּילֵי, גִּילֵּי. Targ. Ex. V, 12. Targ. Job XLI, 20 sq.—Snh. 108ᵇ, v. גִּיר III.—Succ. 14ᵃ בגִילַיְיהוּ (grains) in their haulms.—בֵּי גִּילֵּי dumping ground, marsh. גילדנא דבי ג׳ the small fish living among the reeds in the swamps. Ber. 44ᵇ; Keth. 105ᵇ ↗ expanded
גִּילָאֵי (גִּיל II) persons of the same age and circle. Zeb. 116ᵇ תרי עולמי ג׳ (some ed. גו׳, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 3) two youths of the same &c. ↗ expanded
גִּילָהgathering; rejoicing. Ber. 30ᵇ (ref. to Ps. II, 11) במקום ג׳ שם תהא רעדה where there is a gathering (for prayer and the like) there shall be trembling, v. גִּיל I↗ expanded
גִּילְהֵי (גלי; cmp. שִׁילְהֵי fr. שלה) [uncoverings,] flashes, the glowing horizon. Taan. 3ᵇ גי׳ דליליא (Ms. M. גו׳) the glow after sunset. Pes. 13ᵃ top בגי׳ וכ׳ Ms. M. (ed. בגילויא) he was standing in the glow before sunrise (mistaking it for the flashing of sunrise, v. הָנֵץ); Snh. 42ᵃ (ed. בגילויא). ↗ expanded
גִּילּוּחַ (גלח) shaving, hair-cutting. Macc. 21ᵃ ג׳ שיש בו וכ׳ a cutting with which a destruction is connected (which attacks the roots); a. fr. ↗ expanded
גִּילוּחַ (preced.) shaved beard (in mourning). Targ. Is. XV, 2; Jer. XLVIII, 37, v. גְּלִיבָא. ↗ expanded
גִּילּוּי (גלי) uncovering.—ג׳ עריות uncovering of nakedness, incest (Lev. XVIII, 6; a. fr.). Yoma 9ᵃ; a. fr.—ג׳ ראש bareheadedness. Sabb. 118ᵇ.—ג׳ פנים barefacedness, defiance. Sot. 42ᵇ, v. גָּלְיַת. Erub. 69ᵃ מומר וג׳ פנים an apostate and a defiant person, expl. מומר בג׳ פ׳ a defiant apostate; a. e. the law forbidding the use of liquids that were left uncovered (as possibly poisoned by serpents). Ter. VIII, 4 אסורים משום ג׳ are forbidden on account of gilluy; a. fr.—Pl. גִּילּוּיִים, גִּילּוּיִין. Y. Ab. Zar. II, 41ᵃ bot.; Y. Ter. VIII, 45ᶜ bot. [read:] שהיה מלגלג בג׳ (not מגלגל, not בגילוי יין) who sneered at the law of gilluy↗ expanded
גִּילּוּיָיאsame. Targ. Y. Gen. VI, 2 גִּילּוּי בשרא nakedness. Ib. XIII, 13; Num. XXXV, 25 ג׳ ערייתא = h. גִּילּוּי עריות.—Esp. liquids left uncovered, law concerning them. Ḥull. 49ᵇ כי הוה להו ג׳ when they had a case of uncovered liquids. Gitt. 69ᵇ לג׳ וכ׳ against the danger from drinking uncovered liquids apply &c. Ab. Zar. 30ᵃ אג׳ לא קפדי they care not for the law concerning uncovered liquids; a. fr.—גִּלּוּי דעתא intimation of meaning. Gitt. 34ᵃ בג׳ ד׳ בגיטא וכ׳ they differ with regard to one intimating the annulment of a letter of divorce. bright, polished surface. Zeb. 38ᵇ אַגִּילּוּיֵיה on its (the altar’s) top surface cleared of ashes.—Snh. 42ᵃ; Pes. 13ᵃ, v. גִּילְהֵי.—Targ. Nah. II, 8 בגִילַּיָּא ed. Lag. (oth. ed. בגָלַיָּא) openly (not in a covered carriage), v. גְּלֵי. ↗ expanded
גִּימוֹל (גמל to wean, train) a pointed pole tied to the neck of a calf to prevent it from sucking (v. שִׁירְתּוּעַ), or a little yoke put on the calf for breaking it in. Y. Sabb. V, 7ᶜ top אית תניין תני ג׳ some teachers read (Mish. ib. V, 4) gimol (in place of gimon) in the sense of גמל in I Sam. I, 24; v. next w.↗ expanded
גִּימוֹן (גמם to couple, tie) a little yoke(בר נִירָא), or a board tied to the head of a calf (פִּינַקְסָה), or a pointed pole (שִׁירְתּוּעַ, v. preced. w.). Sabb. V, 4; expl. Y. ib. V, 7ᶜ; Bab. ib. 54ᵇ.—Y. l. c. מאן דמר ג׳ וכ׳ he who reads gimon supports the opinion of R. Ḥisda (פינקסה); he who reads gimol supports the opinions &c. (שירתוע or בר נירא).—Pl. גִּימוֹנוֹת, v. next w.↗ expanded
גִּימוֹנִית (v. preced.) chord, band. Pl. גִּימוֹנִיֹּות. Succ. III, 8 ג׳ של זהב gold bands; Tosef. ib. II, 10 גִּימוֹנוֹת. ↗ expanded
גִּימַטְרְיָא (a transpos. of γραμματεῖον, … άτια, pl.) accounts. Y. Ter. V, 43ᶜ bot. חשבון ג׳ arithmetical calculation. the use of letters for their numerical value; homiletic interpretation based on the numerical value of letters. Ber. 8ᵃ תׄוׄצׄאׄוׄתׄ בגי׳ וכ׳ the word totsaoth (Ps. LXVIII, 21) intimates 903 (causes of death). Lev. R. s. 21 השטן גי׳ וכ׳; Midr. Till. to Ps. XXVII השט"ן בגי׳ וכ׳ hassatan (the accuser) counts 364; a. fr. learned writing, cifer. Snh. 22ᵃ בגי׳ איכתיב (Ms. M. איתחזי) the inscription of the wall was in cifers (א"ת ב"ש).—Pl. גִּימַטְרְיָאוֹתarithmetic. Ab. III, 18. ↗ expanded
גִּימַטְרְיוֹן (γραμματεῖον, γραμματικόν) same, cifer-writing. Y. Taan. III, 67ᵃ לישן גימטריון וכ׳, v. אֶפְרָא. Pesik. R. s. 43 לשון גימטריקון הוא תׄהׄוׄ הוא אׄסׄףׄ it is cipher speech, Toḥu (I Sam. I, 1) is (in א"ת ב"ש) Asaf. ↗ expanded
גימ"לGimmel, third letter of the Alphabet; numerical value, three. Shek. III, 2; a. fr.—Sabb. 104ᵃ (childrens’ mnemonical play) גי׳ דל"ת גֹמול דֹלים (Ms. M. גמל) Gimmel-Daleth intimates, Do good to the poor. Ib. כרעיה דג׳ the foot of the Gimmel; a. fr.—Pl. גִּמְלִין. Ib. 103ᵇ one must not write … ג׳ צדין וכ׳ Ms. M. (ed. גַּמִּין) Gimmels so as to be possibly taken for Tsaddes. ↗ expanded
גִּין 1 (v. גּוּן), Af. אָגֵין (with על) to cover, surround with; to protect. Targ. Y. I Deut. XXXII, 10 (II אקיף). Targ. II Kings XX, 6. Targ. Is. XXVII, 3 מֵגִין (ed. Lag. מגן, v. גְּנַן); a. e. Ithpe. אִתְּגֵיןto be protected. Targ. Zeph. II, 3 (ed. Lag. יתגן). V. גְּנַן. ↗ expanded
גִּין 2 (preced.) protection. Targ. Is. XXVIII, 15.—בְּגִין for the sake of, on account of; in order that. Targ. Y. Gen. XII, 13 (O. בדיל). Ib. XVIII, 24; a. fr.—[In Talm. h. a. ch.] Yeb. 89ᵇ אוכלת בְּגִינוֹ וכ׳ on his account (as his wife) she is permitted to eat T’rumah. Y. B. Kam. X, 7ᶜ top בג׳ כן therefore; a. fr.—בגין ד׳ because, since. Y. Gitt. IX, 50ᵇ ב׳ דרב וכ׳ because Rab and Samuel, both of them, said. Y. Bicc. II, 64ᵈ top ב׳ דכתיב because it is so written; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גִּינָּאָה (denom. of גִּינָּא) gardener, dealer in vegetables. Ḥull. 105ᵇ. Sabb. 110ᵇ.—Pl. גִּינָּאֵי. Gitt. 14ᵃ. Taan. 20ᵇ פייש להו לג׳ (Ms. M. יתיר לגִנָּאֵי) was left over with the gardeners (was not sold). ↗ expanded
גִּינַּאי (denom. of גַּן, גִּינָּה) a group of gardens, country residences.—Pl. גִּינָּאוֹת. Midr. Till. to Ps. XLVIII, end; Yalk. ib. 756.—B. Bath. 75ᵇ Ms. M. (ed. גינואות, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note); Yalk. Zach. 568; v. טֶפֶף. [Ar. גוניות, גינואות, v. ed. Koh. s. v. גוננא p. 320.]—[Yalk. Deut. 946, v. גּוּנְתָּאִי.] ↗ expanded
גִּינַּאי ² (denom. of גִּינָּא; cmp. preced.) dyke for irrigating gardens; also pr. n. Ginnai. Ḥull. 7ᵃ ג׳ נהרא the rivulet Ginnai; Y. Dem. I, 22ᵃ top. Y. Shek. VI, 50ᶜ bot. ג׳ שטף זיקין an overflowing dyke carried off wine bottles. ↗ expanded
גִּינִּין (גנן) protective armor, cuirass(?). Tosef. Kel. B. Mets. III, 1. [V. גַּנָּא.] ↗ expanded
גִּינִיסְיָא (γενέσια, τὰ) (with יום) bithday festival, anniversary of death; in gen. commemorative festival. Targ. Esth. III, 8. Targ. Y. Gen. XL, 20 גְּנוּסָא (v. גְּנִיסָא a. גְּנוּסַיָּיא).—Ab. Zar. I, 3 (8ᵃ) יום ג׳ של מלכים royal anniversaries, expl. Y. ib. 39ᶜ birthday festival (with ref. to Gen. XL, 20, v. supra); Bab. ib. 10ᵃ (after discussion) יום שמעמידין בו המלך installation of a king (Roman emperor). Y. R. Hash. III, 59ᵃ top; Yalk. Hab. 564. Ex. R. s. 15 יום ג׳ an anniversary (commemorative of his delivery); a. e. (= γενέθλια) descent, nobility of birth. Pesik. Naḥămu p. 126ᵃ; 126ᵇ; Yalk. Gen. 162 הודעתם ג׳ שלי (Gen. R. s. 100 הודעתי הוגנוסים corr. acc.) ye have made known my noble descent. Pesik. Haḥod. p. 53ᵃ בת גִּינוּסִים; Pesik. R. s. 15 בת גינסין (read גִּינִיסִין, Yalk. Ex. 190 only בת טובים) a woman of noble birth. Cant. R. to I, 2; a. fr. [Sot. 36ᵇ גְּנִיסֵי מלכות וכ׳ Ar. (ed. גְּנוּנֵי) I recognize in him royal nobility.] ↗ expanded
גִּינֵּיסַר (Γεννησάρ, Γεννησαρέτ, a hellenization of כִּנֶּרֶת) Gennesar, Gennesaret, lake, town and district of G. Pes. 8ᵇ פירות גינו׳ Gennes. fruits. Gen. R. s. 98 (etymology) גנוסר = גני שרים princely gardens; Meg. 6ᵃ, v. כִּנָּרָא; a. e.—Pl. גִּינֵּיסַרְיוֹת. Y. Meg. I, 70ᵃ bot. שני גו׳ היו (corr. acc.) were there two places of the name of G.? ↗ expanded
גינירות , Tosef. Men. IX, 3, Var. ניטרות, read נינורות, v. נִיר↗ expanded
גִּינְּתָא (גנן, v. גַּן) garden. Targ. O. Gen. II, 8. Targ. Y. I Gen. XLXI, 4 גינא (Y. II גַּנָּא). Targ. Ps. LVI, 14 (second vers.). Constr. גִּינַּת. Targ. Deut. XI, 10; a. fr.—Gen. R. s. 80 (prov.) לפום ג׳ גננא as the garden so the gardener (as the people so the leader); Y. Snh. II, 20ᵈ top כגִנְּתָה כן גננה. B. Bath. 54ᵃ; a. fr.—Pl. גִּינָּתָא, constr. גִּינָּת. Targ. Koh. II, 5.—גִּינָּן, גִּנָּן. Targ. Is. LXV, 3; LXVI, 17 (some ed. גַּנָּן; v. גיניאך). V. גַּנָּא. ↗ expanded
גֵּיס (גנס; cmp. גנז a. כנס; Syr. גסא divitiae P. Sm. 757) spoils, heaped up treasures. Pl. גִּיסִּין. Ex. R. s. 9 (ref. to Esth. I, 4) ששה ג׳ וכ׳ he showed them six collections every day, and not two of them alike; Esth. R. to l. c. ששה ג׳ היה פותח וכ׳ (ed. ניסין, נוסין, corr. acc.) six treasuries he opened to them &c.; (Yalk. Esth. 1046 תסבוריות; Targ. II Esth. I, 4 בי גנזי). ↗ expanded
גִּיס 2 (גּוּס II) intimate, familiar. Keth. 85ᵇ ואי … דגִ׳ ביה הא גִ׳ ביה (Ar. … דגייס … גָס ביה) but if it is one who is familiar with him (so as to use his name without a title), then, we may say, he spoke of him in a familiar way.—Fem. גָּיְיסָא. Kidd. 81ᵃ ג׳ ביה she was on familiar terms with him.—Pl. גִּיסֵי, גָיְיסֵי. Ib. 33ᵃ דגִי׳ בה רבנן where scholars are a familiar sight (and no attention is paid them). Keth. 28ᵃ גיי׳ בהדדי they are intimate with each other. ↗ expanded
גִּיס II ² (v. preced., cmp. גִּיסָא III) the wife’s sister’s husband, brother-in-law. Snh. III, 4 (27ᵇ) גִּיסוֹ (Y. ib. III, 7 אֲגִיסוֹ); a. fr.—Pl. גִּיסִין. Y. Shek. I, end, 46ᵇ; a. e. ↗ expanded
גִּיסָא 1 Y. Snh. III, 21ᵇ bot. אֲגִיסֵיה דר׳ וכ׳ R. H.’s brother-in-law.—Pl. גִּיסֵי. Snh. 28ᵇ אחי וג׳ brothers and brothers-in-law (two brothers having married two sisters). Ib. תרי ג׳. ↗ expanded
גִּיסָא 2 (גוס I) bold man. Ḥull. 18ᵇ he called out over him ג׳ ג׳ (Ar. ed. Koh. גיי׳ וגיי׳) bold man that thou art! ↗ expanded
גִּיסָא 3 (גוס II) neighborhood, side. Kidd. 33ᵃ באידך ג׳ on the other side (of the river); Erub. 16ᵇ. Sabb. 110ᵃ בההוא ג׳ וכ׳ in a certain neighborhood of &c.—Yoma 77ᵇ. Bekh. 44ᵇ אַגִּ׳ sideways. Koh. R. to VII, 9 when the kettle boils over, על גיסיה שפיך it pours over its own sides (wrath will hurt none but the man himself); a. fr.—Trnsf. way, manner. Gitt. 67ᵇ some argue להאי ג׳ וכ׳ one way and some the other way; a. fr.—Nidd. 66ᵃ [read:] לא תגלי … דכי היכי דתהוו עליך להן ג׳ וכ׳ (v. Ar. ed. Koh. s. v. דם IV, 752) do not tell thy friends, for as they wondered over thee on the one side (over thy bad luck), they may wonder on the other side (over thy good fortune, and bewitch it). [Ḥull. 17ᵇ אתרי גִיסָנֵי, Sh’eltoth d’R. Aḥai 92, ed. אתלת רוחתא.] ↗ expanded
גִּיסָה (v. גּוֹסֵס) agony of death, dying stage. Y. Sot. IX, 23ᵈ bot. מקום גִּיסָתָהּ the place where the expiatory heifer died; Tosef. Sot. IX, 1 גִּיזָתָהּ. ↗ expanded
גִּיסְטְרָא (= גזרזרא, a reduplic. of גזר; for assimilation of sibilants cmp. Nöld. Mand. Gr. p. 45 sq.) something defective, mutilated;a large vessel which turned out defective or unwieldy, by having its handles broken off or being cracked, and is therefore used as a receptacle for refuse, as a pickling pot, as a receiver of drippings from a leaking vessel &c. Kel. II, 6 גס׳ שנמצאת וכ׳ (Ar. a defective vessel found in the furnace (in which vessels are put for baking); Tosef. ib. B. Kam. III, 10 ואם היתה גסטרה but if the jug turned out a gistra, contrad. to נפחתה. Ib. אי זו היא גסטרא כל שנסדקין אזניה וכ׳ (Kel. IV, 3 גיס׳ כל שניטלו וכ׳ …) when is a vessel called gistra? When its handles are split (broken off) &c. Ib. 2 גי׳ שנתרועעה וכ׳ if a gistra is broken so as to be no longer a receptacle for liquids, though it may yet receive eatables, it is not susceptible of uncleanness, for there is no fragment of a fragment, i.e. a fragment of a gistra is no longer considered a vessel. Sabb. 96ᵃ (a leaking gistra is not considered a vessel) because nobody says הָבֵא ג׳ לג׳ bring a g. to be put under a gistra; a. fr. an animal body maimed to disfigurement. Ḥull. 21ᵃ; 32ᵇ עשאה ג׳ נבלה if one made an animal a gistra by lacerating some of its limbs, it is considered a carcass. Ib. 52ᵃ ג׳ קאמריתו ye speak of a maimed body (a rib on each side disjointed)! Ib. 27ᵃ דלא לישוייה ג׳ that in cutting the animal’s throat one must not make it a gistra (by cutting the head off). Snh. 52ᵇ דעביד ליה ג׳ that the culprit be cut in two.—Ḥull. 124ᵃ דעבדיה ג׳ he split the stove lengthwise.—Pl. גִּיסְטְרָאוֹת, גִּיסְטְרָיוֹת. Tosef. Kel. B. Kam. III, 8 שרובן מן הג׳ for most of the fragments of pottery found in the potter’s place come from misshaped vessels. Makhsh. II, 3 ג׳ שישראל וכ׳ pots into which Israelites and gentiles cast their refuse.—Y. Sabb. III, beg. 5ᶜ ממלא גִּצְרָא וכ׳ one may fill a large pot with hot ashes &c. (castra) camp, v. גַּסְטְרָא. ↗ expanded
גִּיסְסָא 1 (גוס II, v. גִּיסָא III a. גֶּסֶס) side, arm.—Pl. גִּיסְסִין. Targ. Is. LX, 4; LXVI, 13 (h. text צד). Pl. גִּיסְסַיָּא, גִּסְ׳loins. Targ. O. Lev. III, 4; 15 (h. text כסלים, Y. כפליא). ↗ expanded
גִּיסְסָא 2 (cmp. גָּשׁוֹש) long pole.—Pl. גִּיסְסִין, גִּסְ׳. Targ. II Sam. XVIII, 14 (Ar. גְּסִיסִין, h. text שבטים). ↗ expanded
גִּיעוּל 1 (גָּעַל) the cleaning of an impure vessel by means of boiling water (Num. XXXI, 23), v. הַגְעָלָה. Zeb. 97ᵃ; Ab. Zar. 76ᵃ כל יום … ג׳ לחבירו every day the boiling done in the sacred vessel is the means of absorbing the soakings of the previous day.—Pl. גִּיעוּלִים, constr. גִּיעוּלֵי; (גוים, עכו"ם) ג׳ גכרים vessels of gentiles which require cleaning with boiling water before they may be used by Jews. Ib. 67ᵇ; 75ᵇ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גִּיעוּל 2 (גָּעַל, v. Job XXI, 10), pl. constr. גִּיעוּלֵי, ג׳ בציםabortive eggs driven off by striking the hen. Tosef. Ter. IX, 5; Y. ib. X, 47ᵇ bot.; Ḥull. 64ᵇ (Rashi: eggs scalded in hot water together with forbidden eggs, v. preced.). ↗ expanded
גֵּיףside, shore. Makhsh. I, 4 על ג׳ הנהר Ar. (ed. גַּב, R. Hai Gaon גַּף, v. Koh. Ar. Compl. s. v. note 9). ↗ expanded
גֵּיף ² Targ. Y. Ex. XIV, 9. Ib. XV, 9 (Y. II some ed. גַּף). Ib. II, 5 (Y. II גַּב, O. כֵּיף); a. e.—Y. Kidd. I, 58ᵈ; Y. Keth. VI, end 31ᵃ אייתיבוני על ג׳ נהרא וכ׳ place me at the shore of a river, and if I do not …, cast me into the river. Ib. XIII, 35ᵇ bot. (גוף, corr. acc.); Y. Kil. IX, 32ᶜ bot.; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גִּיפּוּף (גפף) embracing, hugging. Snh. 56ᵇ ג׳ ונישוק embracing and kissing idols. closing up. Y. Sabb. III, 5ᵈ bot. אחר גִּיפּוּפוֹ according as the stove is closed up. ↗ expanded
גִּיפּוּף ² (cmp. preced.) railing, rim. Targ. Y. Ex. XXV, 25; 27 (h. text מסגרת; O. גדנפא).—Pl. גִּיפוּפִין, גִּיפוּפֵי. Targ. Y. I Deut. XXII, 8 (II גופוף). Erub. 89ᵇ ↗ expanded
גִּיפְטִי (Αἰγύπτιος) Epyptian, Coptic.—Pl. גִּיפְטִים. Meg. 18ᵃ גיפטית לג׳ (Ar. גפתית לגפתים) to Egyptian Jews &c.—Fem. גִּיפְטִיתin Egyptian or Coptic language. Ib.—Sabb. 115ᵃ. Ib. 115ᵇ תנא דג׳ the author of the rule concerning sacred writings in Egyptian &c. (ib.ᵃ). Cmp. גִּיוָוטָאֵי. ↗ expanded
*גִּיר 1 (Syriac גיר, P. Sm. 709 sq., prob. fr. גרר, cmp. גְּרָרָא) as a consequence, for &c. Targ. Prov. XXIX, 19 (agreeing with Peshito) ידע ג׳ דלא בליע ed. Lag. (Var. ולא, ed. דידע ג׳ ולא וכ׳, Peshito … בלע) for he understands (from being spoken to) only that he will receive no blows. [Ib. XXIII, 14 אנת ביר וכ׳ Ms. (missing in ed.), read: גיר (as in Peshito) thou, therefore, &c.] ↗ expanded
גִּיר 2 or גורto boil, effervesce, v. H., v. H. Dict. s. v.) lime. Sabb. 80ᵇ ביצת הג׳ Ar. (ed. הסיד), v. בֵּיצָה.—Denom. גִּיֵּירto plaster. Lam. R. to IV, 11 Ar. (ed. סייד).—Ḥull. 88ᵇ bot. הג׳ והזרניך quot. in Rashi to Ex. XVI, 14 (ed. only הז׳) powdered lime and orpiment. ink-stone, or sulphate of iron (sory). Bets. 15ᵃ ביצת הג׳ a lump of ink-stone (for blackening leather).—In gen. powder, in compounds גִּירְגִּבְסִיןpowder of gypsum; גִּירְקְרָרִין wax dust, v. אַגֵּין. Y. Sabb. VII, 10ᵇ bot. (perh. to be read in two words: lime, gypsum &c.). froth. Men. VIII, 7 (87ᵃ) זרק הג׳ (Mish. ז׳ את הגיד, corr. acc.) if the froth (of the fermenting wine) burst forth; Tosef. ib. IX, 11 ג׳ של שמרים. ↗ expanded
גִּיר , lime, plaster. Dan. V, 5.—Targ. O. Ex. XVI, 14 דעדק כג׳ thin and brittle like a coat of lime (h. text מחספס). Targ. Y. Deut. XXVII, 2 (h. text סיד); a. e.—2) froth, foam. Pl. גִּירִין Targ. Y. Ex. XV, 10 ג׳ דימא the foaming billows. [Targ. Jer. IX, 14, read כגידין, v. גִּידָּא II.]—3) name of a disease, a sort of fever (?). Gitt. 69ᵇ, v. next w.↗ expanded
גִּיר 3 (גרי, גרר; cmp. b. h. שֶׁלַח) projectile, arrow. Targ. Is. XXXVII, 33. Targ. Job XLI, 20; a. fr.—Gitt. 56ᵃ שדא ג׳ וכ׳ he shot an arrow eastward. B. Kam. 26ᵇ בעידנא דשדייה פסוקי מפסקי גִירֵיה (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) at the time he let his arrow off, its force was broken, i.e. when he threw the vessel down, polsters were there to prevent its breaking. Succ. 38ᵃ דין ג׳ בעיניה וכ׳ this is an arrow in the tempter’s eyes, i.e. this enables us to defy him. Kidd. 30ᵃ I should say to Satan ג׳ בעיניך I defy thee; ib. 81ᵃ.—Taan. 25ᵃ אגרי בך גִירַי I shall let my arrow loose against thee (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note; oth. vers. v. גּוּר I ch.). Pes. 28ᵃ, v. גִּירָאָה; a. fr.—ג׳ דלילתא (Ar. דלוליתא) the arrow of Lilith, supposed to be a wedge-shaped meteoric stone. Gitt. 69ᵇ לגירא ליתי ג׳ דל׳ as a remedy for gira (v. preced.) let one get a gira of &c.—Pl. גִּירִין, גִּירֵי, גִּירַיָּא; גִּירְרִין, גִּירְרַיָּא. Targ. II Sam. I, 22. Targ. Y. I Gen. XLIX, 23, Targ. Y. II, Gen. XLIX, 23 (not גיד׳). Targ. Ps. CXX, 4; a. fr.—Snh. 108ᵇ גילי והוו ג׳ he threw chaff and it turned into arrows. B. Bath. 73ᵃ; v. בְּזַק. Y. ib. II, 13ᵇ bot. מן קל גורי וכ׳ (corr. acc.) from the hissing sound of the arrows; a. fr. shoot of a plant. Pl. גִּירֵי. Sabb. 109ᵇ ג׳ דרוביא shoots of fenugreek; (oth. opin. in Ar. flax-seeds, Ms. O. גידא, v. גִּידָּא I). ↗ expanded
גִּירָא 3 (גרר; cmp. גְּרָרָא) direct consequence of an act. . B. Bath. 22ᵇ בגירי דידיה (Rashi דיליה); ib. 25ᵇ sq. בגִירֵיה דיליה (Ms. M. only בגיריה, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note); B. Mets. 117ᵃ בגירי דיליה when the damage is a direct result of his act. Ib. 44ᵃ גירי דידיה וכ׳ it is his act that helped it (to get sour). [Rashi: his arrows in a metaphorical sense, v. preced.] ↗ expanded
גִּירָאָה (denom. of גִּירָא II) shooter, (Rashi:) arrow-maker. Pes. 28ᵃ (prov.) ג׳ בגִירֵיה מקטיל וכ׳ (ed. גירא, corr. acc., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) when the shooter (arrow-maker) is killed by his own arrow, he is paid from the spinnings of his own hand. ↗ expanded
גִּירְדָּא 1 (גְּרַד) scraping, rind. Sabb. 109ᵇ גי׳ דאסניתא (ed. גו׳ דאסינתא) the paring of &c., v. אַסְנִיתָא. Keth. 77ᵇ, v. אַשְׁפָּא. Ab. Zar. 28ᵃ גְּרָדָא דיבלא וגי׳ דאסנא (Ms. M. גררא … וגוררא, early ed. וגורדא) scraped root of cynodon and the paring of the bramble. Sot. 10ᵇ; Num. R. s. 9 (prov.) קמי דשתי חמרא חמרא קמי רפוקא גי׳ דיבלא before wine drinkers, place wine; before a ploughman—a dish of scraped roots &c. V. גַּרְדָּא. ↗ expanded
גִּירְדָּא 2 (גדד, with ר inserted) stump, stem. Pes. 111ᵇ top גי׳ דדיקלא (Var. גידא, גודא, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 30) the stem of a palm tree (Ar.: rind, v. preced.). B. Mets. 86ᵃ (Ms. M. גידרא, Ms. R. 2 גיררא, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note). ↗ expanded
גֵּירוּי (גרי) instigation, provocation, stirring up. Sifré Deut. 87, v. הַסָּתָה; Yalk. ib. 886. Tanḥ. Balak. 2 (ref. to Deut. II, 19) כל מיני ג׳ any sort of provocation (is forbidden); Num. R. s. 20, beg. גירור (corr. acc.); Yalk. ib. 765. ↗ expanded
גֵּירוּמִים (גרם) that which goes along, customary addition to weight or measure at sales. B. Bath. VI, 11 נותן לו גֵּירוּמָיו (Bab. ed. 88ᵇ מין …, Y. ed. … מים) he must give him the due surplus. Sifra K’doshim Par. 9, ch. VIII. ↗ expanded
גירונין , Targ. II Chr. XX, 25, some ed., read ריגונין. ↗ expanded
גֵּירוּעַ 1 (גָּרַע) I) deduction from the price of redemption according to the years of possession (Lev. XXVII, 18). Arakh. 24ᵃ ליגאל בג׳ to be redeemed with due deduction. B. Mets. 106ᵃ the Sabbath year לא תעלה לו בג׳ Ar. (ed. מן הג׳, v. Rabb. D. S. s. l. note 90) ought not to be counted in for deduction.—Pl. גֵּירוּעִין. Y. Shebu. VI, beg. 36ᵈ סוף גֵּירוּעֶיהָ the final redemption of the Hebrew hand-maid. ↗ expanded
גֵּירוּעַ 2 (גָּרַע II) the formation of globules or kernels in the grape. Ber. 36ᵇ; Pes. 53ᵃ הוא בוסר הוא ג׳, v. בּוֹסֶר. ↗ expanded
גִּירוּתָאgirutha, name of an unclean bird, supposed to be moor-hen. Ḥull. 62ᵇ; Nidd. 50ᵇ expl. the hen of the marshes. Ḥull. 109ᵇ we are forbidden ג׳ to eat girutha. [Ar. גּוּרִיתָא, v. Koh. Ar. Compl. II, 378ᵃ.] ↗ expanded
גֵּירִי (denom. of גֵּר) belonging to a convert family, descendant of proselytes. Kidd. IV, 1 (collectively); v. Tos’foth Yom Tob a. l. s. v. כהני. ↗ expanded
גִּירְסָא 1 (גְּרַס II) acquired learning, tradition, study by heart. Targ. Cant. I, 2 בג׳ for study by heart (oral tradition).—Meg. 6ᵇ לאוקומי ג׳ וכ׳ to preserve (remember) what one has learned, requires divine assistance. Sabb. 21ᵇ ג׳ דינקותא acquired in early youth (which is better remembered). Ib. 30ᵇ לא … פומיה מג׳ did not cease studying by heart; B. Mets. 86ᵃ מגִּרְסֵיה.—Pl. גִּירְסַיָּיא. B. Bath. 22ᵃ they may be disturbed. מגִּירְסַייְהוּ in their studies. [In later literature גִּירְסָאversion.] ↗ expanded
גִּירְסָנָא (גְּרַס II; b. h. Ezek. XLV, 9) acquisition, saving. Yeb. 117ᵃ. Ib. גִּירְסָנִי (Rashi גִּירְסְנָאִי) what is accumulated for me. ↗ expanded
גֵּירָעוֹן (= גֵּירוּעַ I) deduction. Arakh. 25ᵇ בת ג׳ subject to the law of deduction. Ib. IX, 7 (33ᵃ) ובג׳ כסף … יוצאים go back to their owners in the year of Jubilee or with a deduction from the purchasing price (Lev. XXV, 27). Kidd. I, 2 (of the Hebrew slave); a. e. ↗ expanded
גִּירְצָא (גרץ, v. גְּרִיצָה) putting layers of dough on each other. Pes. 37ᵃ נפישא בג׳ Ar. (ed. Koh. בלישא בגירסא, ed. בלִישָׁה) because it grows thick by combination. ↗ expanded
גֵּיתָא (גאה, cmp. גֵּו, גֹּוי) [growth, accrued property,] herd, flock (corresp. to h. מִקְנֶה). Targ. I Chr. XXVIII, 1.—Pl. גֵּיתִין, גֵּיתֵי. Targ. Am. I, 1. Targ. Gen. XLVI, 34; a. fr.—Ned. 38ᵃ (quot. fr. Targ. Am. l. c.). ↗ expanded
גֵּיתֵי (v. preced., cmp. גֵּאִים) haughtiness, tyranny. B. Kam. 114ᵃ דדייני בג׳ (Rashi בגֵיוְתָא, Ms. H. בגֵּיוְתָה, Ms. R. בגֵוְתֵי, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 2 for Var. lect.) whom they (the gentile judges) convict tyrannically (not listening to arguments), opp. to Jewish judges who go by argument, points of law &c. [Rashi a. v. מגיזתא, B. Mets. 30ᵇ, quotes our w. גִּיזְתַּיָּא; Ms. F. has גִּיזְתֵּי, fr. גזז with, anomalous pl. arbitrary decisions, v. מְגִיזְתָּא.] ↗ expanded
גַּלheap of stones, bones &c., esp. rubbish, ruins. Sot. IX, 2 if the body of a murdered person was found טמון בג׳ buried in a heap. Keth. 15ᵇ לפקח עליו את הג׳ as to removing debris for saving one’s life (on the Sabbath). Sabb. 34ᵃ עשהו ג׳ של עצמות changed him into a heap of bones; a. fr.—Pl. גַּלִּים, גַּלִּין. Nidd. IX, 5. Kil. I, 2, v. חֲזֶרֶת. Cmp. גִּילָּא. wave, billow. Mikv. V, 6 ג׳ שנתלש a wave thrown on shore. Yeb. 121ᵃ; a. fr.—Pl. as above. Ex. R. s. 19 הגיעוה ג׳ waves overcame her, i.e. she encountered storms; a. e. revolving door, turning on hinges or pivots. Sabb. 81ᵃ של ג׳ the pivot of a revolving door. V. גִּלָּה. (v. LXX Hos. XII, 12) turtoise. Pl. as above. Sifra Sh’mini, ch. IV, Par. 3. ↗ expanded
גַּלָּאheap. Pl. גַּלִּין. Targ. Is. XXV, 2. also גְּלָלָאwave. Koh. R. to XI, 1.—Pl. גַּלִּין, גַּלַּיָּא, גַּלֵּי, גְּלָלַיָּא, גַּלְלַ׳. Targ. Zech. X, 11. Targ. Ps. XLII, 8 (some ed. גְּלִילַ׳); a. e. Targ. Y. I Ex. XV, 18 [read:] בֵּנֵי גְּלָלַיָּיא between the waves.—Yeb. 121ᵃ גלי אשפלו the waves may have cast him out (alive). revolving door. B. Kam. 112ᵃ. Snh. 113ᵃ bot. דטרקיה לגַלֵּיה וכ׳ who locked his door and lost the key.—Pl. גַּלֵּי. Ber. 28ᵃ טרוקו ג׳ close ye the (college doors); Ab. Zar. 58ᵃ. B. Mets. 108ᵃ, v. אִגְלָא. pl. גַּלַּיָּא, גַּלֵּיexcrements, ordure. Targ. Ezek. IV, 12; 15 (incorr. גְּלֵי). (v. גִּלּוּל) Gallaya, cacophemism for similarly sounding idolatrous names. Y. Ab. Zar. III, 43ᵃ bot.; Tosef. ib. VI (VII), 4, v. גַּדָּא (Ab. Zar. 46ᵃ; Tem. 28ᵇ; v. גַּלְיָא II). Meg. 6ᵃ בית גליא שלהן their house of idolatry. [גלין, Sabb. 138ᵃ, v. גִּלָּה.] [Targ. II Kings XXIII, 6; Jer. XXVI, 23, v. גְּלֵי.] ↗ expanded
גַּלְאַקְסִינוֹן (ed. גלא ק׳) (γαλῆ Ἀξεινῶν) [fur of] the weasel imported by the Axeinoi (living around the Pontus Axenus or Euxenus); ermine (v. Sm. Ant. s. v. Pellis). Gen. R. s. 20, end (גלא) גלי ק׳. Y. Sabb. II, 4ᵈ bot. (rendition of תַּחַשׁ) גלקטינון; Koh. R. to I, 9 גלטינון (corr. acc.). Ib. והכלב גלבטינון (read גלכסינון) and the dog shall wear ermine fur. ↗ expanded
גְּלַב (cmp. גלח, גלש) to scrape, shave. Targ. Y. Lev. XIX, 27.—V. גְּלִיבָא. ↗ expanded
גְּלָב (preced.) razor, knife. Targ. Y. Num. VI, 5; VIII, 7 (גְּלַב).—Pl. גְּלָבִין. Gen. R. s. 31 (transl. חרבת צרים Josh. V, 2) ג׳ דטינרי flint knives.—[Targ. Ezek. XXVII, 24, v. גְּלַף.] ↗ expanded
גְּלַג , Pa.גַּלֵּיג (reduplic. of גל, v. גלה) to reveal (v. P. Sm. 723), to announce. Gen. R. s. 36 זיל גַּלֵּיג וכ׳ Ar. (ed. זיל גְּלוֹג, not זילא) go, tell thy mother the good news; Lev. R. s. 5.—Lev. R. s. 25; Koh. R. to II, 20 איזילי גליג לאימיך (not גליגי) I will go and tell thy mother. Pesik. Aniya, p. 137ᵃ [read:] כל מה דאת יכיל למיגלג גלג למישבח שבח as much as thou canst tell, tell; as much as thou canst praise, praise; Yalk. Is. 339 (corr. acc.); (Pesik. R. s. 32 דרוש וכ׳). Ithpe. אִיגַּלִּיגto boast. Lev. R. s. 10 is it these דאת מִגַּלֵּיג עליהון of whom thou art so boastful? ↗ expanded
גַּלְגָּא (preced.) revelation, preaching. Y. Sot. I, 17ᵇ; Lev. R. s. 26 [read:] מאי את בעי מן גַּלְגּוֹי דהדין do not mind this man’s boastful talk. ↗ expanded
גִּלְגּוּל (גלגל) rolling, turning. Y. Sot. I, 16ᶜ bot. כדי ג׳ ביצה as much time as is required for roasting an egg in the ashes; Num. R. s. 9.—Y. Pes. III, 30ᵃ לאחר גִּילְגּוּלָהּ after the dough has been rolled (formed).—Keth. 111ᵃ ע"י ג׳ by rolling under the ground (for resurrection in the Holy Land). (with or without שבועה) the rule permitting the court to insert in an oath an affirmation to which the person concerned could not have been compelled directly; an oath by implication. Kidd. 27ᵇ. Y. ib. I, 60ᵈ. Yeb. 58ᵇ; Kidd. l. c. ע"י ג׳ by implication (the woman including in her oath the time of her betrothal); a. fr.—4) (cmp. גַּל) בית ג׳a field full of hills and depressions. Toh. VI, 6; Erub. 22ᵇ (Var. in Ar. גדגד, ref. to גִּידּוּד). [Tosef. B. Bath. II, 16 בית גילגל, v. גַּלְגַּל.] ↗ expanded
גִּלְגֵּלto roll, turn. Pirké́ d’R. El. ch. XXXVI לגַלְגֵּל וכ׳ to roll (move) the stone.—Y. Sabb. III, 6ᵃ top מְגַלְגְּלִין ביצה וכ׳ you may roll an egg (for roasting) on &c. Ḥall. III, 1 גִּלְגְּלָה (בחטים) when she has formed the dough (of wheat) by rolling; a. fr.—Part. pass. מְגוּלְגָּל, f. מְגוּלְגֶּלֶת; pl. מְגוּלְגָּלִים, מְגוּלְגָּלִין; מְגוּלְגָּלוֹת. 1) rolled. Pes. 7ᵃ עיסה מג׳ a formed dough. Y. Sot. I, 16ᶜ bot. ביצים מג׳ roasted eggs; a. fr. rounded. B. Bath. 16ᵇ מה עדשה זו מְגוּלְגֶּלֶת אף אבילות מִגַּלְגֶּלֶת וכ׳ as the lentil is rounded, so does mourning roll and go around (different version in Ms., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note, a. in Yalk. Gen. 110, v. גַּלְגַּל). [Men. 86ᵃ, v. גִּרְגֵּר.].—2) (with על) to roll upon, to put on one’s shoulders, to burden, tax, assess. Keth. VIII, 1 (78ᵃ) אתם מגלגלים עלינו וכ׳ you burden us with old restrictive laws. Y. Shebi. IV, 35ᵇ אתם מג׳ וכ׳ ye impose upon us taxes &c. Y. B. Bath. I, beg. 12ᵈ מג׳ עליו וכ׳ you make him bear the expenses for &c. to bring about, cause. Sabb. 32ᵃ; Tosef. Yoma V (IV), 12 מגלגלין זכות ע"י וכ׳ good things are brought about through the agency of good men &c.; a. fr. (v. גָּלַל Nif.) to overcome (one’s own feelings), to put up with, bear with. Keth. 67ᵇ רצונך שתְּגַלְגֵּל עמי בעדשים will you bear with me when I offer you only lentils? ג׳ עמו וכ׳ he tried to live with him on lentils, and died. Ib. 111ᵃ ג׳ בעצמו he conquered his love and remained single. Y. ib. VII, beg. 31ᵇ מגלגלת עמו וכ׳ she has to bear with him thirty days longer. Y. Yeb. VIII, 8ᵈ top גַּלְגֵּל עמהן וכ׳ bear with them twelve months (give them time for reconsideration). Hithpalp. הִתְגַּלְגֵּל, הִגַּ׳, , Nithpalp. נִתְגַּלְגֵּלto be rolled. Erub. X, 3 נ׳ הספר מידו the scroll rolled out of his hands (down the roof). Ḥall. III, 1 עד שתִּתְגַּלְגֵּל בחטים in the case of wheat flour, until it (the dough) is rolled, v. supra. Y. Kil. IX, 32ᶜ top; Y. Keth. XII, 35ᵇ top מִתְגַּלְגְּלִין their bodies are rolled underground, v. גִּלְגּוּל. B. Kam. 17ᵇ ונתג׳ למקום אחר but the barrel rolled to another place. Pesik. R. s. 6 מא"י נִתְגַּלְגְלָה וכ׳ from Palestine it (the stone) rolled and arrived just for this momentary use; a. fr. to be turned, changed, transferred, caused. Pirké d’R. El. ch. XLIX נתגלגלה המלכות על וכ׳ the royal dignity was transferred on Esther. Shebu. VII, 8 נ׳ לו שבועה וכ׳ if by chance an oath is imposed upon him in another law-suit (with the same persons), the court makes him swear by implication &c.; v. גִּלְגּוּל. (of waters) to tower, gather. Pirké d’R. El. ch. V; ch. XXIII. (with רחמים) to prevail (over hatred &c.), be moved. Pesik. R. s. 20 נִתְגַּלְגְּלוּ רחמיו וכ׳ the Lord’s compassion was moved. Tanḥ. Vayigg. 4; a. e. to throw one’s self upon, to attack. Yalk. Is. 350 (ib. 288 נתגאה). ↗ expanded
גַּלְגֵּל , to roll. Targ. Y. I Gen. XXVIII, 10 (II גלל). Ib. XXIX, 8 (O. גנדר); a. e.—Y. Shebu. VI, 37ᵃ wait עד דִּיגַלְגֵּל עלן וכ׳ until he heaps upon thee all his claims, and then swear concerning all of them. Ib. VII, end, 38ᵃ או אישתבע ליה כל דמְגַלְגֵּל עלך or thou must swear to him concerning all that he asks thee to swear to by implication.—Part. pass. Ber. 44ᵇ ביעתא מְגוּלְגַּלְתָּא an egg roasted in ashes, v. preced.Ithpalp. אִיתְגַּלְגַּל, אִיגַּלְגַּל ; אִתְגְּלַל (fr. גְּלַל), אִתְגּוֹלַל (Ithpolel of גּוּל) as preced. Hithpalp. 3. Targ. Job XXX, 14.—2) (with רחמין) as preced. Hithpalp. 4. Targ. I Kings III, 26 איתגלגלו ed. Lag. (ed. אִיתְגְּלָלוּ). Targ. O. Gen. XLIII, 30 אִתְגּוֹלָלוּ). Targ. Hos. XI, 8 מתגללא ed. Lag. ed. אִתְגּוֹלָלוּ). Targ. Jer. XXXI, 20 אִתְגּוֹ׳. Targ. II Chr. XXXIII, 13. Targ. Y. Num. XXVI, 1; a. e.—3) to come about, to happen. B. Mets. 40ᵃ, a. e. איגלגל מילתא it so happened in the course of time.—4) (denom. of גולגלתא) to crown, adorn one’s self. Esth. R. to I, 4 whether with its own or with strange (feathers) מִתְגַּלְגְּלַת בת קבריא the raven will adorn itself; ib. 9. ↗ expanded
גַּלְגַּלpreced.) wheel, esp. the wheel-work at wells, crane &c. Midd. V, 4. Tosef. B. Bath. II, 16 בית גולגל לרבים ed. Zuck. (Var. גילגל) a public well. B. Bath. IV, 5 את הג׳ the crane of the wine or oil press, v. חוּמַרְתָּא. Erub. X, 14; a. fr. globe, celestial sphere, esp. the sphere of the zodiac. Yoma 20ᵇ, a. e. ג׳ חמה the revolution of the Sun. Pes. 94ᵇ ג׳ קבוע ומזלות וכ׳ the sphere of the zodiac is stationary, and the planets make the circuit; ג׳ חוזר וכ׳ the sphere (wheel) turns around and the planets are stationary; a. fr.—B. Bath. 16ᵇ Ms. M. מה עדש זה דומה לג׳ וכ׳ as the lentil resembles a sphere, so is mourning a sphere making a circuit in the world; (diff. in ed., v. גִּלְגֵּל); Yalk. Gen. 110 מה עדשים האלו ג׳ וכ׳. the eye-ball. Gen. R. s. 42; Lev. R. s. 11; Ruth R. introd. 6 (ref. to עין משפט Gen. XIV, 7) ג׳ עינו של עולם the eye-ball of the world (Abraham). Snh. 108ᵃ בשביל ג׳ העין וכ׳ on account of (the covetousness of) the eye-ball (v. next w.); a. e.—Pl. גַּלְגִּלִּים. Makhsh. III, 8 wheel works. B. Bath. 58ᵃ שני גַּלְגִּלִּי חמה two Sun-globes.—Y. Nidd. III, 50ᶜ bot. ג׳ אדם וכ׳ the apples of man’s eyes are round.—Trnsf. the rotation of fortune, changes (v. B. Bath. 16ᵇ quot. above). Sabb. 151ᵇ (ref. to בִּגְלַל Deut. XV, 10) ג׳ הוא וכ׳ a wheel rotates in this world, i.e. changes of fortune take place constantly; Ex. R. s. 31, a. e.—3) (= גַּרְגַּר) globule, grain. Sabb. 64ᵇ; 65ᵃ, v. גַּרְגַּר.—Pl. as above. Y. Maasr. V, end, 52ᵃ; Tosef. ib. III, 14 Egyptian beans are those שגַּלְגִּלֵּיהֶן חדין (ed. Zuck. גלוגל׳, Var. גלגל הן, corr. acc.) whose globules are pointed. ↗ expanded
גַּלְגַּל ²wheel. Targ. Ezek. I, 15 sq. גִּילְ׳ ed. Lag. Targ. Ps. LXXXIII, 14; a. e.—Erub. 104ᵃ למימלא בגי׳ to fill (draw water) with the wheel. Lev. R. s. 34, v. אַנְטְלַיָּא. globe, celestial sphere. Targ. Ps. LXXVII, 19. Targ. Job XXXVIII, 33.—B. Bath. 74ᵃ ג׳ דרקיע וכ׳ the sphere of the zodiac which turns around. eye-ball. Targ. Ps. XVII, 8 גִּילְגוּל ed. Lag. (oth. ed. גִּלְגּוּל; Ms. גִּיגַּל).—Tam. 32ᵇ they handed him ג׳ דעינא Ar. (ed. גולגלתא incorr.) an eye-ball. Ib. גולגלתא דעינא וכ׳ (read גילגלא) the eye-ball of a mortal which is never satisfied. B. Bath. 73ᵇ stubble. Targ. Is. XVII, 13.—Pl. גִּלְגְּלַיָּא, גִּילְ׳. Targ. Ezek. I, 16 sq.—Targ. Ex. XIV, 25 גִּלְגְּלֵי ed. Berl. (ed. a. Y. גַּלְגַּלֵי). Targ. Y. II ib. גֶּלְגְּלַיָּא; a. e.—Koh. R. to XII, 6; Lev. R. s. 18; a. e.—4) (v. next w.) a sort of girdle. Pl. גַּלְגְּלַיָּיה. Y. Sabb. VI, 8ᵇ bot. (transl. of גליונים, Is. III, 22), v. גִּלְיוֹן 3. ↗ expanded
גִּלְגְּלִין (used as sing.; גלל) girdle of net-work, bandage, wrap. Eduy. III, 4 (Ms. M. גנגלון, v. infra). Neg. XI, 11 גלגלון.—Y. Naz. VII, 56ᵇ bot. נקבר אפי׳ ג׳ קטן וכ׳ if there is buried with the corpse even a small wrap (or belt), the law concerning decayed corpses (v. רָקָב) finds no application. Ib. if two corpses are buried beside each other נעשה ג׳ לזה וכ׳ each acts as gilg’lin to the other (suspending the law of rakab); Bab. Naz. 51ᵃ; Nidd. 27ᵇ גנגילון. Tosef. Kel. B. Bath. V, 9 גנגלין. Sifra Sh’mini ch. XI, Par. 10 גנגלים וגנגיליון (a fusion of two versions); ib. Aḥăré Par. 8, ch. XII גינגליון; a. e. [Var. lect.: גנגילון, גנגלון, גנגלים, influenced by the Latin cingulum to which our w. nearly corresponds.] ↗ expanded
גַּלְגַּלְתָּא (גלל) ball, round stone. Gitt. 47ᵃ חייתא וג׳ a bag and a stone (in it). ↗ expanded
גָּלַדto form a coating; to congeal, become solid. Y. Ber. I, 2ᶜ bot. יִגְלֹד הרקיע let the (liquid mass of the) firmament solidify; Gen. R. s. 4, beg. גָּלְדָה טיפה וכ׳ the intermediate layer of water solidified.—Part. pass.גָּלוּד, f. גְּלוּדָה (denom. of גֶּלֶד) skinned, flayed in consequence of bruises, scabs &c. Ḥull. III, 2; Tosef. ib. III, 7; a. e. Hif. הִגְלִידsame. Tosef. Par. IX (VIII), 8 הִגְלִידוּ froze. Nidd. 56ᵇ; Tosef. ib. VI, 13 מַגְלִיד forms a clodded surface, opp. מקדיר penetrates. to form a rind, scab; v. infra. Hof. הוּגְלָדto be covered with a scab (of a wound). Ḥull. 51ᵃ הו׳ פי המכה Rashi a. Ar. (ed. הִגְלִיד) if the top of the wound is covered with a crust; Keth. 76ᵇ; Tosef. Ḥull. III, 11 הגליד. ↗ expanded
גְּלַד —Part. pass. גְּלִידhoar-covered. Sabb. 152ᵃ טור תלג סחרנוהי גְלִידִין (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) the mountain (my head) is snow-covered, its sides (beard) hoary. [Lev. R. s. 7, v. next w.] Ithpe. אִיגְּלִידto be flayed. Ḥull. 46ᵇ, v. אֲהִינָא; Succ. 35ᵇ ↗ expanded
גֶּלֶדcoating, skin; thickness. Y. B. Bath. III, 13ᶜ top עד מקום שעושה ג׳ the fifty cubits of legal distance from the inhabited place are counted from the end of the town to the place where he flays the carcass. Yoma 44ᵇ [read:] בכל יום היה גִּלְדָּהּ עב והיום דק (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) all the year around the pan was of a thick size, and this day (Day of Atonem.) it was thin. Num. R. s. 13 קערה גִּילְדָּהּ … גִּילְדּוֹ דק the charger was of a heavy size, the bowl &c. R. Hash. 27ᵇ if he scraped the Shofar והעמידו על גִּלְדּוֹ and reduced it to its due size. Lev. R. s. 7 וא"ת דהוה ג׳ (Ar. גָּלִיד) but you may think the bronze on top of the altar was a solid mass, v. גּוֹרְדְּיָינִי. scab of a wound, crust. Mikv. IX, 2 ג׳ שחוץ למכה (Maim. גָּלִיד שעל גבי וכ׳) the scab surrounding the wound (Maim.: on the wound).—Pl. גְּלָדִים, constr. גִּלְדֵּי, גִּילְדֵּי. Ib. ג׳ צואה וכ׳ the scabby, dirty spots on one’s body. ↗ expanded
גִּלְדָּאplate, covering. Targ. Y. I Num. VII, 13 גי׳ סמיך (= גֶּלֶד עב, v. preced.).—Pl. גִּי׳ גִּלְדִּין Targ. Ezek. XXVII, 24 חפן ג׳ (gold, or silver) plated. scab, scurf. Pl. גִּלְדֵּי, גִּי׳. Ḥull. 46ᵇ lungs full ג׳ ג׳ of scabs.—8) skin, leather. Targ. I Sam. XVII, 5 (v. Lag. I, p. XVI) שריין דגלד נוני ימא (ed. שרין גלבין) a coat of mail made of the skin of sea-fishes (h. text קשקשים).—Snh. 110ᵃ; Pes. 119ᵃ אקלידי וקלפי דג׳ (Ms. M. קופלי, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) the keys and the locks (the stiff rims of the bags usually of metal) were of leather (so as to be of light weight). Ber. 43ᵇ בגי׳ on the leather of the shoe, opp. פנתא, v. אַפַּנְתָּא (Rashi: heel). ↗ expanded
גִּלְדָּאָה (preced.) worker or dealer in leather, harness-maker &c.—Pl. גִּלְדָּאֵי, גִּילְ׳. B. Mets. 24ᵇ; Ḥull. 48ᵃ sq. שוקא דג׳ harness-makers’ place. ↗ expanded
גִּלְדָּנָא (גלד) gildana, name of a certain fish with a thick fatty skin. Snh. 100ᵇ לא תנטוש גיל׳ וכ׳ (Ms. M. תפשוט) do not begin to strip the gildana from its gill, lest its skin go to ruin (a citation from Ben Sira). B. Bath. 73ᵇ ההוא ג׳ וכ׳ that was a sea gildana (a small fish among the sea monsters). Hor. 12ᵃ; Ker. 6ᵃ.—Pl. גִּלְדָּנֵי, גִּילְ׳. Tam. 32ᵇ ג׳ דמלחא Rashi (ed. גולדנא) salted g. Ber. 44ᵇ; Keth. 105ᵇ, v. גִּילָא II. ↗ expanded
גִּלָּה (גלל, cmp. גַּל 3) a valve, folding. Y. Sabb. XII, beg. 13ᶜ מטה של ג׳ folding couch.—Pl. גִּלִּין. Bab. Sabb. 138ᵃ כסא ג׳ camp chair. ↗ expanded
גְּלוּגְדְּקָא (popular corruption of lectica; for the prefixed guttural cmp. laena and χλαῖνα, lectum and κλίνη; v. Liddell & Scott’s Greek Dict. s. lit. Γ) litter, sedan-chair. Bets. 25ᵇ Ar. (ed. גלודקי, Ms. M. גלנדקי). Cant. R. to V, 5; Koh. R. to IX, 11 אפי׳ בגלק׳ לא וכ׳ could not even be carried in a lectica. Cant. R. to IV, 8 בכל קדיקה; Yalk. Ps. 838 כל קרקיא (read בִּכְלֶקְדִּיקָא). Ib. Lev. 666 שלא יטייל אחריך בגלטק׳; Sifra B’har Par. 5, ch. VII … יטול … בלנטיא) he (the Hebrew servant) shall not walk behind thee when thou art carried in the lectica, v. לֶקְטִיקָא. Sifré Deut. 37 גלגוטיקא; Yalk. Kings 238 גלוגיקא.— (= lecticula) bier. Targ. Job XV, 24 איטימוס לגלוגדיקא Ar. ed. Koh. (ed. לגלוגדק) ready for the bier (for death, cmp. LXX). *foot-stool to the throne. Targ. Y. Ex. XXIV, 10 אתקניה גְּלוּגְדַּק וכ׳ (גִּיל׳ some ed.) made the sapphire brick a foot-stool in place of the hypopodion &c.—Targ. Lam. II, 1 גלוגדקא דרגלוהי (h. text הדום רגליו). ↗ expanded
גָּלוּי (part. pass. of גָּלָה) appearance, outside. Gen. R. s. 45 אין סיתרה כגְלוּיָהּ her private conduct is not like her public appearance (she is insincere); ib. s. 71.—בַּגָּ׳ in public, visible to all, opp. בסתר. Ab. IV, 4 he will be punished בג׳ in an ostensible way. Sot. 3ᵃ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גָּלוֹיָא (גלי) exile, stranger. Pl. גָּלוֹיֵי. Lev. R. s. 5 גלויא בר גלויי Ar. (ed. גלויי בר ג׳, corr. acc.) thou stranger, son of strangers. Lam. R. introd. beg. גלוואי, read גְּלוֹיָיאֵי (Ar. גְּלוֹלָאֵי). ↗ expanded
גִּלּוּל , pl. גִּלּוּלִים, גִּי׳ (b. h.; filth (v. גָּלָל), idols. Meg. 13ᵃ to clean herself מִגִּלּוּלֵי בית אביה from the contamination of her paternal idolatry. Ib. מרדה בגילולי וכ׳ she rejected &c.—עובד ג׳, עבודת ג׳ (abbr. ע"ג) idolator, idolatry. In some ed. for עכ"ום, ע"ז &c.; v. זָר a. כּוֹכָב. ↗ expanded
גָּלוֹלָא (גלל) cast about, homeless. Pl. גְּלוֹלָאֵי, גְּלוֹלַיָּא. Lam. R. introd., beg. Ar., v. גָּלוֹיָא; Pesik. Dibré, p. 110ᵇ גליליא (Var. גְּלוֹ׳, v. Bub. note a. l.). V. גְּלִילָה. ↗ expanded
גְּלוֹסְטְרָא (claustra, clostra, pl.) fastening, lock, bar. Erub. X, 10 נגר שיש בראשו ג׳ a door bolt which has on its top a (movable) fastening contrivance (which may occasionally be used as a pestle). Sabb. 123ᵇ ג׳ (Ar. ק׳, Ms. M. repeatedly גלוסקר׳) the law about claustra, ref. to Kel. XI, 4 ק׳. Sabb. 124ᵃ ג׳. ↗ expanded
גְּלוּסְטְרָאָה (preced.) locksmith (claustrarius). Ber. 22ᵃ R. Yehudah גלוסטרא (corr. acc., Ms. M. קלסתראה, Yoḥăsin Completum p. 148ᵇ קְלוּסְטְרָאָה). ↗ expanded
גְּלוּסְקָא c. (a contraction of גלוסביקא or גלופסיקא, Lesbiacus, Lesbiaca, v. כְּלוּפְסִין, לִבְסִים, קְלוּפְ׳, גְּלוּפְ׳; as to guttural before ל, v. גְּלוּגְדְּקָא) relating to Lesbos (an island of the Aegean Sea, noted for its fertility and luxuries), Lesbian, whence [in Syriac] name of a brand of white flour (P. Sm. 726), a white and delicate bread (cmp. Athenæus Deipnosophistæ III, 111). Tosef. Ber. IV, 15 שלמה של גלוסקין an unbroken loaf of g’luskin, opp. של בע"הב home-made. Dem. VI, 12 buy for me גְּלוּסְקָן אחד ed. (accus.; Ms. M. גלוסקא אחת, Ar. קין אחת …, R. S. קלוסקן) one loaf &c. Y. Ab. Zar. I, 40ᵃ bot. קלוסקין אחת; Erub. 64ᵇ גלוסקין pl.—Pes. 6ᵇ he may find ג׳ יפה ודעתו עליה Rashi (ed. ודעתיה עילויה, Ms. M. יפיפיה) a fine gl. which he may have the intention of eating (in place of burning). Lam. R. to I, 16 גלוסקאן; a. e.—Pl. גְּלוּסְקָאוֹת, גְּלוּסְקִין, קְלוּ׳. Sabb. 30ᵇ. Gen. R. s. 88, beg. Lam. R. to II, 12 גלו׳ (Ar. ed. Koh. קלסקין); a. e. a superior sort of olives already pressed when appearing in the market (θλασταί, σταφυλίδες, v. Athenæus l. c. II, 56; cmp. כְּלוּפְסִין). Ab. Zar. II, 7 זיתי קלוסקא המגולגלין Y. ed. II, 10 (Mish. זתים גלוסקאות, Bab. ed. 39ᵇ זיתי ג׳, Mish. Nap. קלוסטא, Ar. ed. Koh. s. v. גלגל: קלוסטא, קלוסטרא). Bab. ib. 40ᵇ (ed. Pes. a. oth. קלוסקא, Alf. early ed. גלוסטא, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 4). Y. ib. II, 42ᵃ bot. הן זיתי ק׳ וכ׳zethé k’luska is the same as rolled olives. [Ex. R. s. 30 גלוסקאות, v. גְּלוֹסְקְמָא.] ↗ expanded
גְּלוֹסְקְמָא (γλωσσόκομον, v. LXX, II Chr. XXIV, 8; as to ד for ג׳, v. Liddell & Scott s. lit. Δ) case, chest, coffin. Y. Sot. VII, 22ᵈ כמין גלוסקום a kind of casing; Y. Shek. VI, 49ᵈ bot. גלוסקוים (corr. acc.).—Gitt. III, 3 if he found the document בג׳ … Ar. (ed. בד׳) in a case; expl. ib. 28ᵃ טליקא דסבי a box for elders (for keeping documents &c.); B. Mets. I, 8 Y. ed. ג׳ (B. Mets. 20ᵃ; 20ᵇ a. Mish. ד׳). Meïl. VI, 1 ג׳ (Bab. ed. 21ᵃ ד׳). M. Kat. 24ᵇ (ד׳) ג׳ הניטלת באגפיים a coffin carried by its handles.—Pl. גְּלוֹסְקְמִין, גְּלוֹסְקְמָאוֹת, דְּ׳. Meg. 26ᵇ דְּלוֹסְקְמֵי ספרים (Alf. Ms. קְמָאוֹת …, ed. סקאות …) cases for books &c.—Ex. R. s. 30, end פותח הגלוסקאות (corr. acc.) he opens the cases (containing his goods). ↗ expanded
גְּלוּפְקְרֵי (cubicularia, sub. gausapina &c.) woolly bed-covers, blankets. Targ. Y. I Deut. XXIV, 13 (h. text שַׂלְמָה).—Sabb. 51ᵃ; Tosef. ib. III (IV), 20, opp. סדין linen sheets. Gitt. 70ᵇ ג׳ וסדיני (Var. גושפקי) shall we ascertain his sanity of mind, according to the season, by asking him whether he desires heavy or light covers? Ib. 35ᵃ גלופקרין אחד Ar. (ed. גלופקרא) one set of bed-clothes.—Kel. XXIX, 2 קלובקרין אחד (Bart. גלופקרין, Bab. ed. אחת). Tosef. Sabb. VI (VII), 4; Yalk. Lev. 587. ↗ expanded
גְּלוֹשׁ (גלש) bald-headed. Targ. O. Lev. XIII, 41. ↗ expanded
גְּלוֹשׁוּתָא (preced.) bald forehead. Targ. O. Lev. XIII, 42 sq. (some ed. גְּלוֹשְׁתָּא). ↗ expanded
גָּלוּתexile; also (sub. בני) the exiled community, diaspora. Ab. I, 11 שמא תחובו חובת ג׳ ye may be condemned to exile. Ber. 56ᵃ, a. e. ג׳ מכפרת עון exile (leaving home) is an expiation. ג׳ בבל Babylonian captivity; ג׳ יון Greek (Syrian) dominion; ג׳ אדום Roman dominion. Ex. R. s. 15.—Esp. banishment to the city of refuge (Num. XXXV, 11 sq.). Macc. II, 6; a. fr.—Pl. גָּלִיּוֹת. Arakh. 12ᵃ שלש ג׳ three divisions of exiles; Num. R. s. 23, end סנחריב הגלה … ג׳ Sennacherib carried them off in three divisions.—Pes. 88ᵃ קבוץ ג׳ the reunion of the exiled. Men. 110ᵃ ג׳ של שאר וכ׳ the exiled of other countries (besides Babylonia). Bets. 4ᵇ שני ימים טובים של ג׳ the two Holy Days (in the place of the one Biblical) observed by those living abroad (whom the communications of the Palestinean authorities could not reach); a. fr. ↗ expanded
גָּלוּתָא Targ. Y. Ex. XX, 14. Targ. Am. I, 6; a. e.—ריש ג׳ Resh-Galutha, chief of the Babylonian Jews. Succ. 31ᵃ; a. fr.—Pl. גַּלְוָותָא. Targ. Ps. LXIX, 1 גַּלְוַות ed. Lag. (oth. ed. גָּלוּת sing.). Targ. Y. Ex. XL, 10. Targ. O. Deut. XXX, 4 יהוין גַּלְוָ׳ ed. Berl. (ed. יהי גָלוּ׳, corr. acc.) thy exiles; a. e.—Snh. 11ᵇ בני ג׳ דבבל וכ׳ the diasporas of Babylonia and all other diasporas (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note). Ḥull. 60ᵇ that the Egyptians might not call his brothers ג׳ exiles↗ expanded
גָּלַח , Pi.גִּלֵּחַ, גִּילֵּחַto cut the hair, shave. Naz. VI, 3. Ib. IV, 6 ג׳ או גִילְּחוּהוּ וכ׳ if he himself or his friends cut his hair. M. Kat. III, 1 ואלו מְגַלְּחִין וכ׳ the following are permitted to cut their hair during the festive week. Ib. 14ᵃ מותר לְגַלֵּחַ; a. fr.—Part. pass. מְגוּלָּח, f. מְגוּלַּחַת. Naz. IV, 5 אשה מְגֻלַּ׳ a woman with her hair cut; Y. ib. IV, end, 53ᶜ ↗ expanded
גְּלַח ch. Pa. גַּלַּח same. Targ. O. Lev. XIII, 33; a. fr.—M. Kat. 17ᵇ איבעי ליה לגַלּוּחֵי וכ׳ he ought to have his hair cut &c. Ithpa. אִתְגַּלַּח, אִיגַּלַּחto have one’s hair cut. Targ. Jud. XVI, 17; 22.—Sabb. 110ᵇ לִיגַּלַּח וכ׳ let him have the middle part of his head shaved. ↗ expanded
גַּלְחִיGalḥi, a legendary place in the district of Sodom. Nidd. 69ᵃ האי דינא … דייני בג׳ such justice which is injustice is dealt out in G. ↗ expanded
גלי (b. h.) to be uncovered. Tosef. Mikv. III, 1 a pit שגָּלַת ed. Zuck. which was left open.—Part. pass. גָּלוּיopen, revealed. Sabb. 55ᵃ ג׳ וידוע וכ׳ it is open and known to me. Ber. 60ᵇ; a. fr. V. גָּלוּי. (of a place) to become bare of inhabitants (v. Jud. XVIII, 30; Jer. I, 3); (of the inhabitants) to leave home, go into exile. Y. Taan. I, 64ᵃ top בכ"מ שגָּלוּ … גָּלַת וכ׳ whithersoever Israel went as exiles, the Divine Majesty went with them (ref. to נגלה, I Sam. II, 27); Meg. 29ᵃ; a. e.—Pesik. Haḥod. p. 48ᵃ אם ג׳ אחד מכם … כאילו גְּלִיתֶם כולכם if one of you is banished (by the Roman Government) to &c.: … as though ye all had been banished; Pesik. R. s. 15; Cant. R. to II, 8. Arakh. 12ᵃ; Meg. 11ᵇ גָּלוּ בשבע they were transported to Babylonia in the seventh year (after the subjection of Jojakim). Macc. II, 1 אלו הן הַגּוֹלִין the following (involuntary homicides) have to leave for the city of refuge. Ib. אינו גוֹלֶה is not bound to flee to &c. Ib. 3 האב גולה ע"י הבן a father is banished for killing his son; a. fr. Hif. הֶגְלָהto banish, carry into captivity. Macc. 12ᵇ היו … מַגְלִין וכ׳ the Israelites executed the law of banishment in the desert. Num. R. s. 23, end. Ruth R. to I, 1 ומַגְלָם מארצם and is the cause of their exile &c.; a. fr.—Koh. R. to XII, 6 (play on גלת ib.) ‘the golden bowl’ is the gullet, שהיא מַגְלָה את הזהב ומריצה וכ׳ (not שהיה; Lev. R. s. 18 שמכלה, corr. acc.) which banishes the gold and makes the silver run, i.e. which impoverishes the glutton. Nif. נִגְלָהto be discovered, exposed to view; to reveal one’s self, appear. Tanḥ. Sh’moth 19 נ׳ עליו בקולו וכ׳ He revealed Himself to Moses with the voice of Amram &c.; Ex. R. s. 3. Ex. R. s. 2, end בכ"מ שהשכינה נִגְלֵית wherever the Divine Glory appears. Snh. II, 1, v. כָּסָה II; a. fr. Pi. גִּלָּה, גִּילָּהto uncover, remove; to discover, reveal, publish. Ex. R. s. 15, beg. גִּלּוּ הצדיקים וכ׳ the righteous uncovered their heads. Sot. V, 2; Gen. R. s. 21 מי יְגַלֶּה עפר וכ׳ Oh that one would remove the dust from over thy eyes, i.e. Oh, that thou wouldst resurrect!; Y. Ber. IX, 13ᵈ bot.—Sabb. 88ᵃ מי גי׳ וכ׳ who revealed this secret to my children? Meg. 3ᵃ; a. fr.—ג׳ משפחות to expose to suspicion the legitimacy of families. Tosef. Naz. I, 3; Kidd. 71ᵃ.—ג׳ פנים בתורה (שלא כהלכה) a) to interpret the Law in opposition to the adopted sense, tomisinterpret, pervert. Ab. III, 11; a. e. b) to put the Law to shame by treating its teachers irreverently. Snh. 99ᵃ; a. e.—ג׳ פנים (in gen.) to expose, put to shame. Pirké d’R. El. ch. XLIV, v. לָבַן II.—Part. pass. מְגוּלֶּה, f. מְגוּלָּהuncovered. Par. XI, 1; Ḥull. 9ᵇ; a. fr. Pl. מְגוּלִּין. Ib.; a. fr. Nithpa. נִתְגַּלֶּה, נִתְגַּלto be revealed; to be exposed. Pirké d’R. El. ch. XXIII ונתגל בתוך האהל his nakedness was exposed &c. Yoma 9ᵇ נתג׳ עונם their sins were public (they did not hide them); נתג׳ קיצם the end of their captivity was revealed (through prophecy). Naz. 23ᵇ נ׳ קלונו his disgrace is published.—Pes. 119ᵃ; a. fr.—Tanḥ. Mishp. 6; Yalk. Prov. 956, v. גָּלַע. ↗ expanded
גְּלֵיto reveal, uncover. Targ. Num. XXII, 31. Targ. Am. III, 7; a. fr.—Part. גָּאלֵי. Targ. Prov. XX, 19. to go into exile, go away, disappear. Targ. Hos. X, 5.—Ib. XI, 11 דִּיגְלוֹ those who were exiled. Targ. Am. V, 5 מִיגְלָא יִגְלוּן (some ed. ילפון, corr. acc.); a. fr.—Ber. 56ᵃ אִגְלֵי I will leave home; גלא לבי רומאי he emigrated into Roman territory. Pes. 49ᵃ לא גְלָאִי I should not have emigrated; לא גלאי כדגָלֵי אינשי I did not emigrate (voluntarily) as others do. Koh. R. to IX, 10 את הוית גָּלֵי וכ׳, v. אֲלַף II.—Part. גָּלֵי, pl. גָּלַיָּא, f. גָּלָןexiles. Targ. Nah. II, 8 בגָלַיָּא ed. among the exiles (on foot; ed. Lag. בגִילַּיָּא, v. גִּילּוּיָא, h. text גֻּלְּתָה). Targ. Am. VI, 7 גָּלָן the exiled communities.—Targ. II Kings XXIII, 6 קברי ג׳ (some ed. גַּלּ׳) the graves of the homeless (h. text בני העם).—Part. pass. גֱּלֵי, גֲּלִי, גְּ׳, גַּלְיָאknown, revealed; uncovered. Dan. II, 19; 30. Targ. Job XXIII, 10. Targ. I Sam. III, 1; a. fr.—Targ. O. Ex. XIV, 8 בריש ג׳ openly (h. text ביד רמה). Pa. גַּלֵּי as preced. Pi.—Targ. Lev. XVIII, 6 sq.; a. fr. Gitt. 31ᵇ ג׳ לדרעיה he uncovered his arm. Ab. Zar. 28ᵃ; Yoma 84ᵃ דלא מְגַלִּית that thou wilt not divulge it. Ib. מְגַלִּינָא I shall divulge. Ḥull. 113ᵃ תנא סיפא לגַלּוּיֵי רישא the second clause is stated in order to throw light on the first. Gitt. 34ᵃ גַּלּוּיֵי דעתא, v. גִּילּוּיָּא. Y. Maasr. V, end, 52ᵃ מן דגַלִּית לך חספא אשכחת מרגניתא (not דגליית) after I removed the potsherd, thou foundest the pearl, i.e. but for my teaching, you would not have found the truth which you now claim as your own discovery; Y. Keth. IX, 33ᵇ bot. (corr. acc.); [in Babli דלאית, v. דלי]. Af. אַגְלֵיto banish. Targ. II Kings XV, 29; a. fr.—Snh. 94ᵃ. [הַגְלִי Ezra IV, 10; a. e.] Ithpe. אִיתְגְּלֵי, אִיגְּלֵיto be uncovered, revealed &c. Targ. Is. LXII, 1. Ib. LI, 9 אִיתְגְּלָא reveal thyself (h. text עורי). Targ. II Sam. VI, 20 דא׳ who exposed himself; a. fr.—Snh. 109ᵇ אִיגְּלָאִי מלתא the fact became known. R. Hash. 22ᵇ, a. fr. כל מילתא דעבידא לאִיגְּלוּיֵי וכ׳ people are not presumed to tell a lie which is likely to be found out. Sot. 22ᵇ מאי דמִגַּלְּיָא מגליא what is visible is visible, i.e. man judges only by what he can ascertain, opp. מטמרא.—R. Hash. 21ᵇ whence do we know that alilלישנא דמִיגְּלֵי הוא has the meaning of being clearly visible? Ab. Zar. 30ᵃ איגלי ליה חמרא his wine was found uncovered. Bets. 3ᵃ מִגְּלוּ וקיימי remain visible; a. fr. to be led into captivity. Targ. Jer. XL, 1. ↗ expanded
גַּלְיָא 1 (Gallia) Gaul, country of the Gauls in Europe. Yeb. 63ᵃ ships going מג׳ לאספמיא from Gaul to Spain. Gallia or Galatia in Asia Minor. R. Hash. 26ᵃ. Keth. 60ᵃ Naḥum איש ג׳ the Galatian. ↗ expanded
*גַּלְיָא 2 (גלי) revelation. בית ג׳a place or temple for oracles. Ab. Zar. 46ᵃ היו קורין אותה בית ג׳ קורין אותה בית כריא when they (the idolators) call a place Beth-Galia, Israelites should call it Beth-Kharia, v. כַּרְיָא; Tem. 28ᵇ.—Meg. 6ᵃ (ref. to Zech. IX, 7) זה בית ג׳ שלהן that means their temple. V., however, גַּדָּא a. גַּלָּא. ↗ expanded
גָּלִיד (גלד) ice-coating on the water. on the water. Ohol. VIII, 5. Mikv. VII, 1. v. גֶּלֶד↗ expanded
גְּלִיד ; ice, hoar-frost (h. כפור, קרח). Targ. Ps. CXLVII, 16. Targ. O. Gen. XXXI, 40 (Y. קרושא). ↗ expanded
גִּלָּיוֹןblank parchment, margin of scrolls. Yad. III, 4 ג׳ … שמלמעלן וכ׳ the blank portions of a sacred book, the upper, the lower margins and those at the beginning and the end; Sabb. 116ᵃ Ms. M. (ed. pl.). Men. 30ᵃ.—Pl. גִּלְיוֹנִין, גִּילְ׳. Sabb. l. c., v. supra. Ib. הג׳ של ס"ת (Ms. M. sing.) blank parchments of, or intended for, a sacred book. (a satirical adaptation of ἐυαγγέλιον, v. אָיֶן) gospel. Tosef. Sabb. XIII (XIV), 5 הג׳ וספרי מינין; Sabb. l. c. הג׳ וספרי הצדוקים (Ms. M. הגליון … מינין) the gospels and books of heretics; [disputants, Sabb. l. c., take our w. in the sense of blanks]. Ib. sq., v. אָוֶן. (v. Is. III, 23; cmp. גִּלְגְּלִין) a girdle of fine material. Gen. R. s. 19 (Ar. גליונים; ed. Koh. גולין, corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
גלייה , Lev. R. s. 20 יודן ג׳, read גְּלִילָאָה; cmp. Tanḥ. Aḥaré 3 יודן דמן גלילא. ↗ expanded
גְּלִילָאָה , Galilean. Erub. 53ᵇ ג׳ שוטה (Ms. M. גלילא) foolish Galilean, v. אִימַּר.—Snh. 113ᵃ ההוא ג׳ a certain Galilean; Sabb. 88ᵃ. Ḥull. 27ᵇ; a. e.—Pl. גְּלִילָאֵי. Y. B. Bath. VI, 15ᶜ top. ↗ expanded
גְּלִילָה (גלל) casting about, contempt. Snh. 94ᵇ (play on גליל הגוים, Is. VIII, 23) אני עוש׳ אותו ג׳ בגוים Ms. M. (ed. אעשה לו גליל) I will make him (Sennaherib) contemptible among the nations; Yalk.Kings 237. ↗ expanded
גְּלִילִי (גָּלִיל) Galilean. Yad. IV, 8 צדוקי ג׳ Mish. ed. (Talm. ed. only צדוקי) a Galilean Sadducee (heretic).—ר׳ יוסי הג׳ R. José the Galilean. Pes. 28ᵃ; a. v. fr., v. יוֹסֵי.—*Pl. גְּלִילִים, גְּלִילִין. Kel. II, 2 הפכים הג׳ Galilean flasks; Tosef. Kel. B. Kam. II, 2 הפכין והג׳ (read הפכין הג׳); ib. 9. [Cmp., however, גָּלָל.] ↗ expanded
גְּלִילְתָּא (v. גִּלָּה) folding. Sabb. 47ᵇ מטה גליל׳ Ms. M. (ed. גללני׳, Ar. גיליתא) folding couch, cot↗ expanded
גְּלִים (גְלַם 1) wrapper, cloak. Targ. O. Gen. XXV, 25 ed. כִּגְלִים (ed. Berl. כָּכְלָן, v. כִּילַן, Var. כִּגְלָם). Targ. II Esth. VIII, 15.—Sabb. 77ᵇ it is called g’lima, שנעשה בו כגוֹלֶם ed. (Ms. M. שנעשית כגו׳) because one looks in it like a shapeless (armless) body (Ms. M. it is rolled up like a lump). Snh. 102ᵇ שיפולי ג׳ trail of the cloak; a. fr.—Pl. גְּלִימֵי. Ib. 110ᵃ ↗ expanded
גְּלִימָא 2 (גְּלַם 2) height, hill—Pl. גְּלִימָתָא, גַּלְמָתָא. Targ. Y. I Num. XXIII, 9, Targ. Y. II, Num. XXIII, 9; Targ. Y. II, Gen. XLIX, 26 גּוֹלַמְתָא (read גּוֹלְמָ׳). Targ. Y. II ib. 11 sq. גּוֹלְמָתֵיה his hills. Targ. Ps. LXXII, 3 גַּלְמָ׳. valley. Targ. Job XXXIX, 21. Targ. Josh. XVIII, 28 Var. (ed. Lag. I, p. VIII30גְּלִימַת).—Pl. גְּלִימָתָא, גַּלְמָתָא. Targ. Job XXXIX, 10. Targ. Y. Num. XXI, 19.—גְּלִימִין. Pesik. B’shall. p. 93ᵃ ומחית ליה ג׳ (Ar. גַּלְמָן) and carried him down the valleys. ↗ expanded
גַּלֵּינֵי (γαλήνη) calm, stillness of wind and wave. Y. Yeb. XV, 15ᵈ top אם (היה) הים ג׳ וכ׳ if there was a calm sea, and you looked around and there was none &c.; Y. Erub. IV, 21ᵈ bot. גלנו ed. Krot. (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
גְּלִיפָא (v. next w.) shaping (of writing), impress, poetry. Targ. Ps. XVI, 1 ג׳ תריצא a well-arranged poetry (h. text מכתם). Ib. CXIX, 130 גְּלִיף דבריך the impress of thy words (h. text פֵּתַח). ↗ expanded
גְּלִיפָה (גָּלַף) shaping, formation (of speech, cmp. גזם, גּוּזְמָא). Pesik. R. s. 33 גְּלִיפַת שפתים eloquence (ref. to Is. LVII, 19). ↗ expanded
גַּלִּיצוּרGallitsur, name of an angel. Pesik. R. s. 20 (defined מְגַלֶּה טעמי צור revealing the reasons of the Creator); Yalk. R’ubeni, Mishpatim end ג׳ המכונה רזיאל G. surnamed Raziël. ↗ expanded
גָּלְיַת (b. h.) Goliath, the Philistine. Sot. VIII, 1 בנצחונו של ג׳ relying on the strength of G. Ib. 42ᵇ גׄלׄיׄת … בגׄילׄויׄ פנים וכ׳ he is named G., because he stood before the Lord with barefacedness (defiance). Lev. R. s. 5; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גָּלַל (b. h.) to roll, unfold, fold. Meg. 32ᵃ he opens (the scroll), sees the place (to read from), גּוֹלֵל ומברך rolls it up again and says the benediction. Ib. הגּוֹלֵל ס"ת וכ׳ he who rolls the scrolls up (preparing the place to read from). B. Mets. II, 8 (29ᵇ) גוֹלְלָן he must roll the scrolls over (for the purpose of airing); a. fr. (v. Gen. XXIX, 3) to roll off (one’s shoulders), disregard. Gen. R. s. 21 (play on גללו, Job XX, 7) על שג׳ מצוה וכ׳ because he disregarded a light command. Nif. נִגְלַלto be rolled, folded. Cant. R. to V, 14 והיו נִגְלָלִין they could be folded up. Snh. 68ᵃ my two arms which are like two scrolls of the Law שנגללין rolled up (not unfolded, i.e. with me learning is buried which I was prevented from teaching).—Trnsf., with על, to be rolled on top of, to prevail. Ber. 7ᵃ יִגּוֹלּוּ רחמי על וכ׳ may my mercy prevail over my attributes (of justice &c.). Ib. יגולו רחמיך; v. גִּלְגֵּל. Hof. הוּגְלָלto be rolled up, folded. Taan. 21ᵇ; Men. 95ᵃ הוּגְלְלוּ הפרוכות when the curtains (of the Tabernacle) were folded up (for removing). ↗ expanded
גְּלַל , to roll, unfold.—Part. pass. גְּלִילunfolded, visible. Targ. Cant. V, 14. Pa. גַּלֵּלto roll off. Targ. Y. II, Gen. XXVIII, 10 (some ed. לִגְלָלָא Pe.). Ithpe. אִתְגְּלַל , v. גַּלְגֵּל, Ithpalp. ↗ expanded
גָּלָלpreced.) rolling along with, appendage. Men. 15ᵃ; Pes. 13ᵇ לחם ג׳ תודה the bread is an appendage of the thank-offering; Men. 80ᵃ לִגְלַל תודה.—בִּגְלַל in consequence of, on account of, v. next w.something rolled, rounded, ball, ordure, excrement, dung. B. Kam. III, 3 ההופך את הג׳ he who upturns (throws up) ordure into the street.—Pl. גְּלָלִים, גְּלָלִין. Sabb. 153ᵇ להטיל ג׳ to cast excrements (of animals). Lev. R. s. 16; Esth. R. to III, 1 מה הג׳ הללו וכ׳ as the dung is repulsive. (with כְּלֵי) a material used for vessels, supposed to be baked ordure. Kel. X, 1. Par. V, 5. Mikv. IV, 1; Sabb. 16ᵇ. Men. 69ᵃ; 69ᵇ; a. fr. [Rashi to Sabb. l. c. expl. ג׳ = שייש, marble, to Men. l. c. = צפיעי בקר.] ↗ expanded
גְּלָלuntrimmed stone, cobble (v. גְּוִיל). [Ezra V, 8.]—Ḥull. 63ᵃ אתא ג׳ a stone fell (from on high); Yalk. Zech. 578 גלאלא. Gitt. 47ᵃ Ar. (ed. גַּלְגַּלְתָּא). Ab. Zar. 22ᵇ, v. דַּגָּלָא. lump.—Pl. גְּלָלֵי. Ḥull. 112ᵃ bot. תרי ג׳ דמלחא Rashi (ed. ג׳ מלחא) two lumps of salt. ordure, v. גַּלָּא.—Pl. as supra. B. Kam. 92ᵇ (prov.) a dog in his hunger ג׳ מבלע (Ms. H. sing.) will swallow excrements (Rashi: stones). wave, v. גַּלָּא. consequence; בג׳ on account of, in order to. Targ. Ps. XL, 12 (Ms. ג׳ היכנא). Targ. II Chr. XXIV, 25; a. e. ↗ expanded
גְּלַלְנִיתָא (preced.) ball-shaped, lump. מילח׳ ג׳salt in lumps, rock-salt. Ḥull. 114ᵃ; Kidd. 62ᵃ folding, v. גְּלִילְתָּא. ↗ expanded
גָּלַםto roll up, to unshape. Denom. גּוֹלֶם. (denom. of גּוֹלֶם) to calculate in a lump, fix an arbitrary price, opp. דקדק to calculate exactly. Sifra B’har, Par. 6, ch. IX; B. Kam. 113ᵇ יכול יִגְלוֹם עליו you might think, he (the redeemer of the Jewish slave in possession of a gentile) was permitted to force an arbitrary price upon him (the gentile); [Rashi: (גלם to double) he (the gentile owner) might be permitted to ask an exorbitant price].—Part. pass. גָּלוּם, f. גְּלוּמָה 1) wrapt up. Sot. 42ᵃ, v. גַּלְמוּד.—2) roughly shaped, unfinished. Pl. גְּלוּמִים, גְּלוּמוֹת. Sifré Num. 158, v. גּוֹלֶם. Ex. R. s. 30 מצות גלומות rough laws (containing no details, assigning no reasons; Var. lect. גולמות, גּוֹלָמִיּוֹת, fr. גּוֹלָמִי). ↗ expanded
גַּלְמוּד format., v. Fürst H. Dict. s. v.) like a shapeless, lifeless lump, whence (cmp. דמם) lonely, melancholy. Sot. 42ᵃ in the sea-towns קורין לנידה ג׳ they call the menstruous woman galmudah; R. Hash. 26ᵃ. Ib. (phonetic etymol.) גמולה (דא) מבעלה she is weaned (separated) from her husband; [Ar. ed. Pes. a. Ven. גלומה, which version, however, disagrees with the reference to Gen. XXI, 8 in Ar. s. v.]. Gen. R. s. 31; s. 34 (ref. to Job XXX, 3) when there is want in the world &c. ג׳ הוי רואה … כאילו ג׳ be lonely; look upon thy wife, as if she were menstruous; Y. Taan. I, end, 64ᵈ עשה אשתך ג׳ make thy wife lonely. [Cmp. Snh. 22ᵇ, quot. s. v. גּוֹלֶם.] ↗ expanded
גַּלְמוּדָא (preced.) (euphem.) a menstruous woman. Gen. R. s. 79, end they heard a woman say to her friend ג׳ אנא I am galmuda (for נדה), from which they learned the meaning of galmudah in Is. XLIX, 21 (v. corr. vers. in ‘Rashi’ a. l.). ↗ expanded
גָּלַעto scratch off, rub; lay open. Nif. נִגְלַעto be opened through rubbing or scratching, to bleed. Nidd. VIII, 2 (58ᵇ) והיא יכולה להִגָּלֵעַ וכ׳ (Bart. להתגלע) and it (the wound) may have been bruised so as to bleed. Pi. גִּלֵּע, גִּילֵּ׳ (with ב of person) to detract from, lay bare the ignorance of, attack. Y. Yeb. VIII, end, 9ᵈ משום שלא לגְרוֹעַ בו וכ׳ (did they send him off) in order not to see him exposed, or because he was not fit (to argue)? What is the difference? היה דרכו לגַלֵּע א"ת משום שלא לגלע בו וכ׳ It was his (Rabbi’s) habit to begin with vehement argument; now, if you were to say, ‘in order not to see him exposed’, his exposure was in his own hand (he being the attacking part) &c. Ib. מה היה לו לגַ׳ בו what could he have attacked (on that subject of androgynos)? Hithpa. הִתְגַּלֵּעַ, , Nithpa. נִתְגַּלֵּעַto be scratched open, v. supra. to be laid bare, be argued. Snh. 6ᵇ; Y. ib. I, 18ᵇ (ref. to Prov. XVII, 14) (עד שלא נתג׳) קודם שנתג׳ הריב נטוש before the case of litigation has been laid open (fully argued), you (the judge) may compromise it &c.; Tanḥ. Mishp. 6; Yalk. Prov. 956 נִתְגַּלֶּה, יִתְגַּלֶּה). ↗ expanded
גָּלַף (cmp. גלב) to dig out, engrave; to shape, form. Gen. R. s. 47; s. 53; s. 63 ג׳ לה הקב"ה וכ׳ the Lord shaped a womb for her.—Part. pass. גָּלוּףengraven. Tanḥ. Balak 14.—Pi.גִּלֵּף same. Pesik. Ăniya, p. 137ᵃ מְגַלְּפִין בו shaping it; Pesik. R. s. 32 מפליגים (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
גְּלַף 1 Targ. I Kings VII, 36. Targ. Ex. XXVIII, 9; a. e.—Part. pass. גְּלִיף. Targ. Y. ib. 11; a. e.—Pl. גְּלִיפָן, גְּלִיפַן. Targ. Ex. XXXIX, 6; a. e. ↗ expanded
גְּלַף 2 (preced.) engraving, setting. Targ. Ex. XXVIII, 11. Targ. Hag. II, 23; a. e. ↗ expanded
גָּלַשׁto come in sight, to come forth. Cant. R. to IV, 1 (ref. to שגלשו מהר וכ׳ ib.) הר שגלשתן מתוכה עשיתיו גלעד לאו"ה (not … תי) the mountain (of trouble) out of which ye came in sight again (ye escaped), I (the Lord) made it a hill of witness (a warning) to the nations; אי זה זה ים סוף what is this? It is the Red Sea [which R. Joshua … translated into Chaldean: טורא דאתנהרתון מן גווה]; ib. to IV, 4 הר שג׳ … הר סיני I made your escape memorable to the nations, it is Mount Sinai (by the giving of the Law); ib. repeatedly (referring to various escapes from dangers). Hif. הִגְלִישׁto bring to light, to publish. Ib. to IV, 1 ומה הגלשה הִגְלַשְׁתִּי וכ׳ (Ar. ed. Koh. גלשה) and what publication (institution or law) have I (the Lord) brought to light out of that event? *. הוּגְלָשׁ (denom. of גֶּלֶשׁ baldness) to be made hot enough for scalding the hair or feathers of an animal’s skin. Part. מוּגְלָשׁ, pl. מוּגְלָשִׁיןseething water. Pes. 37ᵇ (Rabad to Eduy. V, 2 quotes a version מַגְלוֹשִׁיןscalding water, Ar. מֵי גְלָשִׁים, fr. גֶּלֶשׁ; Y. Ḥall. I, 58ᵃ top חַמִּין). ↗ expanded
*גַּלְשָׁאbright or bald lines. Cant. R. to IV, 1 (a gloss to גלש) a woman whose hair is thick עבדא לה ג׳ ג׳ parts it so as to show white lines; הדא מוצינא כההוא לפי טבאות הוא עבד ג׳ ג׳ (prob. to be read … בוצינא כד הוא) a young pumpkin, when it sprouts nicely, produces bright stripes. ↗ expanded
גַּלְשׁוּשִׁיתָא (גלש) public monument. Targ. Cant. to IV, 1 (v. Cant. R. to ib. s. v. גָּלַשׁ). [Ar. reads גבשושיתא, but the phonetic interpretation refers to שגלשו of the Hebrew text.] ↗ expanded
גַּם 1 [junction,] too, also. Snh. 108ᵇ; Taan. 21ᵃ ג׳ זו לטובה this, too, is for the best. איש גם זו, v. גִּמְזוֹ. the particle gam in the Bible text. B. Kam. 94ᵃ ג׳ לב"ה קשיא the gam (Deut. XXIII, 19) is unaccounted for according to Beth Hillel’s opinion; Tem. 30ᵇ. Esth. R. to I, 9 (ref. to גם ib.) אין ג׳ אלא ריבויgam intimates an amplification, a. e.—Pl. גַּמִּים, גַּמִּין Gen. R. s. 1; Y. Ber. IX, 14ᵇ bot. אתין וג׳ ריבויין the eths and the gams intimate an extended qualification (by implication), v. אֵת. ↗ expanded
גַּם 2 (preced.) joint, angle, esp. two sides of a rectangle. Erub. 55ᵃ כמין גם Ar. (ed. גאם) in the shape of a right angle. Zeb. 53ᵇ גמא (Yalk. Lev. 441 גאם). Pes. 8ᵇ שורה אחת כמין ג׳ one row of wine vessels, in the shape of &c., i.e. the front and the whole upper layer. Y. ib. I, 27ᵇ bot. קולפו כמין גם.—Kel. XIV, 8 (מפתח) של גם שנשבר מתוך גומו a key whose bit is joined (opp. to של ארכובה of one piece) broken at its junction. [Sabb. 105ᵃ על הגם Ar., ed. על הגַּס, q. v.]—Pl. גַּמִּים, גַּמִּין. Y. Pes. l. c. קולפו כמין שני ג׳ he takes off for examination two front and two upper layers, v. supra. Ib. if the vessels are arranged like steps קולפו ג׳ ג׳ he must examine by front and upper layers on each landing. B. Mets. 28ᵃ מדת גַּמָּיו the combined measure of both dimensions of a piece of goods, square measure, opp. מדת ארכו ומדת רחבו the measure of each dimension specified.—Sabb. 103ᵇ גַּמִּין, v. גי"מל.—[Commentators explain our w. = Greek Gamma, Γ, whence the Var. גַּמָּא.] ↗ expanded
גַּמָּא (Γάμμα) Gamma, the third letter of the Greek alphabet. Shek. III, 2 אלפא ביתא ג׳ Ms. O. (ed. גמלא). the shape of a Gamma, Γ, v. preced.↗ expanded
גָּמָא (b. h.), גָּמָה, גָּמַעto take a draught, quaff; to sip, suck up. Y. Maas. Sh. II, beg. 53ᵇ he melted fat וגְמָעוֹ and sipped it; Y. Yoma VIII, 45ᵃ top וגְמָייוֹ. Sabb. XIV, 4 (111ᵃ) לא יִגְמָא בהן וכ׳ Ar. (ed. יִגְמַע, or יגַמּ׳Pi., v. infra) he must not quaff vinegar through his teeth. Y. Maasr. III, 50ᵈ bot. כמה … לִגְמוֹת בכוס how large a portion of the cup one must quaff at a time. Y. Shebi. II, end, 34ᵇ; Y. Ned. VII, beg. 40ᵇ the leaves of the colocasia must not be used (in case of a vow of abstinence from vegetables, or in the Sabbath year) לגמות וכ׳ to sip water out of them (v. Sm. Ant. s. v. Colocasia); a. fr. Pi. גִּמֵּא, גִּמֵּעַsame. Sabb. 111ᵃ מְגַמֵּעַ ופולט תנן (Ms. M. לא יִגְמַע ויפלוט) the Mishnah means, he must not quaff and spit out; Bets. 18ᵇ; Y. Shebi. VIII, 38ᵃ top מְגַמֵּא; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גְּמָאִין (preced.) sweetmeats, delicacies. Esth. R. to I, 9 (play on גם ib.) מיני ג׳ various delicacies. ↗ expanded
גִּמְגֵּם (Pilp. of גמם) [to peel, scrape; trnsf., cmp. חֲסַם II, חָכַךְ] to hesitate, stammer, to speak with an expression of uncertainty or of scruple. Kidd. 30ᵃ אל תְּגַמְגֵּם ותאמר לו that thou need not hesitate in answering him; Sifré Deut. 34. Ber. 22ᵃ היה מְגַמְגֵּם למעלה וכ׳ (Ms. M. a. Rashi מג׳ וקורא) was speaking hesitatingly over (as the Amora of) R. Judah &c. Ib.ᵇ מג׳ וקורא he should read in a hesitating manner (rapidly murmuring); Y. ib. III, 6ᶜ bot. התחיל מג׳ בה he commenced stammering over it (hesitating to pronounce the Divine Name). [Cant. R. to VII, 1 מתגמגם, transpos. of מתמגמג, v. מָגַג.] ↗ expanded
גַּמְגֵּם Ḥag. 15ᵇ מְגַמְגֵּם בלישניה a stotterer (Ar. מלגס). Meg. 31ᵇ קא מג׳ וכ׳ (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. Var. Lect.) read the curses (v. אֲרַר) rapidly murmuring; Koh. R. to VIII, 3. ↗ expanded
גְּמַד (cmp. קמט, קמץ) to contract, shrink, be tight. Pes. 111ᵃ גְּמוּד מסאניה (Ms. M. גמד) his shoes shrank (became too tight). Ḥull. 43ᵃ גמדא ליה (the gullet) contracts. Gitt. 57ᵃ גמדא the land shrinks, opp. רווחא. Yoma 69ᵃ; Bets. 15ᵃ האי נמטא גמדא דנרש וכ׳ the shrunk (hard) mattress of Narash (which does not warm) is permitted (does not come under the law of כִּלְאַיִם).—Part. pass. גְּמִידcontracted, atrophied. Targ. Jud. III, 15; XX, 16 (h. text אִטֵּר q. v.). ↗ expanded
גַּמְדָּא 2Gamda; pr. n. m. B. Kam. 72ᵃ Rab. G.—Pes. 64ᵃ; 73ᵇ; Ḥull. 30ᵃ R. Ḥiya bar G. G., name of a river or canal in Babylonia. Ab. Zar. 39ᵃ; Succ. 18ᵃ נהר ג׳. ↗ expanded
גָּמוּד , גְּמוּדָה f. (גמד) contracted, reduced. Y. Yoma IV, 41ᶜ bot., v. גָּדַם a. אַמָּה. ↗ expanded
גְּמוּלdeed, reward, recompense. Keth. 8ᵇ בעל הג׳ … גְּמוּלְכֶם may He who rewards, pay you for your good deed.—Pl. גְּמוּלִים, גְּמוּלִין. Gen. R. s. 13 ג׳ טובים וכ׳ goodness bestowed on the guilty. Tosef. Shebi. VII, 9 ואין משלמין מהן ג׳ and favors received must not be repaid with them (the fruits of the Sabbath year); ib. Peah IV, 16.—גְּמוּלוֹת. Deut. R. s. 1 ג׳ אני פורע (some ed. גמי׳ incorr.) I repay according to deeds. ↗ expanded
גָּמַז (cmp. גמומסית), Pi. גִּמֵּז to couple, esp. to suspend branches of the wild fig on the cultivated (the process called caprification, v. Sm. Ant. s. v. Caprificatio). Tosef. Shebi. I, 11 ומצדדין ומְגַמְּזִין ed. (missing in ed. Zuck.). ↗ expanded
גִּמְזוֹ (b. h.) pr. n. pl. Gimzo, in Judea. Taan. 21ᵃ, a. fr. נחום איש גם זו; Tosef. Shebu. I, 7 מנחם וכ׳ (always in two words). ↗ expanded
גַּמְזוּז (v. גמז) a fig or carob ripened through caprification. Lam. R. to I, 5 (Ar. גמזין). ↗ expanded
גַּמְזוּזִינַיָּיה (preced.) a dish of gamzuz (prepared with wine), v. אוּרְזָנַיָּיא. Y. Maas. Sh. II, beg. 53ᵇ; Y. Yoma VIII, 45ᵃ top גומנני; Y. Shebu. III, 34ᵇ bot. גמרייה (corr. acc. or גַּמְזַיָּיה). ↗ expanded
גַּמָּזִית (גמז) branches used for caprification. Pes. IV, 8 (55ᵇ) ומתירין ג׳ של הקדש (ed. Y. בג׳, Var. מתזירין) they considered as permitted the use of branches of (carob or sycamore) trees belonging to the Temple treasury; Tosef. ib. III, 19 (Var. גזוזיות, גיזות); Men. 71ᵃ ג׳ … של חרוב וכ׳; Pes. 56ᵃ; Y. ib. IV, 31ᵇ; Y. Peah VII, end, 20ᶜ. [R. Hai Gaon reads גַּוָּאזִיּוֹתtwigs, cmp. גזוזיות Var. Tosef., v. supra.] fruits ripened through caprification, v. גַּמְזוּז. Tosef. Ter. V, 7. ↗ expanded
גְּמִי 1 , Pa.גַּמֵּי, גַּמַּע ch. = h. to swallow, quaff. Targ. Job XXXIX, 30 גָּמְעָן (Ms. גַּמְעַאן).—Y. Ab. Zar. II, 41ᶜ bot. (expl. שורפה, Mish. Ab. Zar. II, 7) גמי לה (ed. גמילה, corr. acc.) he quaffs it, sucks it out. Succ. 49ᵇ לִיגְמַע גַּמּוּעֵי let him quaff (take full draughts); ib. אגמע גמועי (read: מְגַמַּע with Rashi, or גַּמַּע, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 300). Sabb. 109ᵇ וליגמע. ↗ expanded
גְּמִי 2 = גּוֹמֶאbulrushes, reed-grass (used for ropes). Kil. VI, 9. Sabb. VIII, 2. Y. Erub. I, 18ᵈ וגמי על גביהן and a reed-rope over them; a. fr.—Chald. form גָּמְיָיא. Ib. ↗ expanded
גְּמִיאָה (גָּמָא, גָּמָה, גָּמַע) quaffing, full draught. Sabb. VIII, 1 (76ᵇ) כדי גמיא׳ Ms. O. a. Ar. (ed. גמיע׳) as much as is quaffed at a time. Ib. 77ᵃ (discussion about spelling with א or ע); Tosef. ib. VIII (IX), 8 (with ע); Y. ib. VIII, beg. 11ᵃ גמייה. Gen. R. s. 60 גמיי׳ אחת (some ed. גְּמִיָּה) only one quaff; Tanḥ. Pinḥ. 13 כדי גמיא׳; Num. R. s. 21 גמייא (corr. acc.); Midr. Prov. ch. XIII גמיאה.—Num. R. l. c. הוא עושה גמיע׳ אחת the Leviathan swallows with one quaff; Pesik. R. s. 16 (with א); a. fr. ↗ expanded
גְּמִילוּת(גמל), ג׳ חֲסָדִים (also גְּמִילַת, v. גְּמִילָה) deeds of love, charity (abbr. ג"ח). Peah I, 1. Ber. 5ᵃ. Sot. 14ᵃ the Torah תחילתה ג"ח וכ׳ begins with charity (clothing the naked, Gen. III, 21) and ends with charity (burying the dead, Deut. XXXIV, 6); a. v. fr.—[Deut. R. s. 1, v. גְּמוּל.] ↗ expanded
גַּמִּיקִין (γαμικά, τὰ) marriage, nuptial feast (the guests of which are the witnesses of the marriage; v. Sm. Ant. s. v. Marriage);wedding contract. Pesik. Haḥod. p. 52ᵇ; Yalk. Ex. 190 a king married many wives ולא כתב להם לא ג׳ ולא איפטיא but did not order in their behalf a record of the nuptial act or of the date of marriage וכיון שנשא … וכתב לה ג׳ וכ׳ but when he married a woman of noble descent, he had her marriage recorded as we read (Esth. II, 16) &c., v. אִיפַּטְיָא; Pesik. R. s. 15 כתובת גהיקן (read גמ׳). Ex. R. s. 32 שאין ביניהם גמיסקין for there is between them no wedding feast to testify to their alliance. Ex. R. s. 47 כתב לה גמיסקוס משלו he had a marriage contract written at his own expense; עֲשֵׂה לה ג׳ ולואי וכ׳ prepare thou the certificate, and would I could prevail upon myself to lend my signature to it! [Var. in ed. a. Ar. גמיקן, גמיקון, גמיסקין, גמיסקוס, v. Ar. ed. Koh. s. v. גמס, note.—The nouns γαμισκος, γαμισκα, as if from γαμίσκω, are not otherwise recorded in the Greek vocabulary, and seem to be cacophemistic perversions; cmp. גמומסית.] ↗ expanded
גְּמִיר (Part. pass. of גְּמַר) (= h. כָּלִיל) finished, perfect. Targ. Ez. XVI, 14. holocaust, entirely burnt. Targ. Lev. VI, 16; a. fr. (= h. כָּלָה) גְּמִירָא f. (with or without כלייה) entire destruction, extermination. Targ. Gen. XVIII, 21 (Targ. Y. II, v. כְּלָיָיה). Targ. Jer. V, 18; a. fr. concluded, decision. Targ. I Sam. XX, 33; a. e.—V. also גְּמַר II, III. ↗ expanded
גָּמַל (b. h.) [to tie, couple, load,] to load (good or evil) on, to deal with, esp. to do good to. Gen. R. s. 38 שהוא ג׳ עליך תחלה for he was the first to do thee good; Yalk. Prov. 956.—Sabb. 104ᵃ גְּמוֹל דלים, v. גימ"ל.—ג׳ חסד to be kind, charitable. Ib. שכן דרכו של גּוֹמֵל חסדים וכ׳ (Ms. M. דרכן של גּוֹמְלֵי) for such is the habit of the charitable to run after the poor. Yeb. 79ᵃ; a. v. fr. to make even, repay. Dem. IV, 6 אע"פ שהן כגוֹמְלִין זה את זה although it has the appearance as if they were repaying each other (by mutual recommendations). Ab. Zar. 61ᵇ חיישינן לגומלין we reject witnesses suspected of favoring each other; Keth. 24ᵃ (cmp. גָּמַר a. חֲסַל) [to finish,] to wean. B. Mets. 87ᵃ on that day שג׳ אברהם וכ׳ when Abraham celebrated the weaning of Isaac &c.; Yalk. Gen. 93; Deut. R. s. 1 שמל (corr. acc.). Pesik. R. s. 25 תינוק הגָּמוּל וכ׳ a Jewish infant just weaned; a. fr. to ripen, be fully developed. Par. XI, 7 yon’koth are גבעולין שלא גָמְלוּ capsules of hyssop which are not yet developed; (Tosef. ib. XI (X), 7 גָּמְרוּ). Nif. נִגְמַלto be weaned. Gen. R. s. 53 נ׳ מחלבו weaned from his mother’s milk; ג׳ מיה"ר weaned from the evil inclination (able to resist temptation); a. fr. Pi. גִּמֵּלto take turns.—Y. M. Kat. III, 82ᵇ bot. פרה מְגַמֶּלֶת a cow engaged for working in a team in turns; v. גַּמְלָא I, 2. ↗ expanded
גְּמַל , to do one good or evil. Targ. I Sam. XXIV, 18; a. fr.—Y. Ḥag. II, 77ᵈ bot. the whole town stopped work מִיגְמוֹל ליה חסד in order to show kindness to him (to give him an honorable funeral).—Y. Ab. Zar. III, 42ᶜ top גָּמֵיל חיסדא the charitable. Ithpe. אִתְגְּמַלto be laden with; to be bestowed. Targ. II Esth. V, 2 (Targ. I אטעינת, h. text וַתִּשָּׂא).—Y. Ḥag. l. c. לא איתג׳ ליה חסד nobody cared to attend his funeral, v. supra. ↗ expanded
גָּמָל [carrier of loads,] camel. Bekh. 8ᵃ. Ber. 56ᵇ; a. fr.—Pl. גְּמַלִּים. Keth. 67ᵃ ג׳ של ערביא וכ׳ camels in Arabia can be levied for a wife’s portion (כְּתוּבָּה); a. fr. ↗ expanded
גַּמָּל (preced.) camel-driver. Kidd. IV, 13 one must not rear his son to be חמר ג׳ וכ׳ an ass-driver, or a camel-driver &c.; Y. ib. IV, end, 66ᶜ; a. e.—Pl. גַּמָּלִין. Ib.—Y. M. Kat. III, 62ᵃ bot. גַּמָּלָיו his drivers.—חַמָּר (וְ)גַמָּל ass-driver and camel-driver in one person (the camel-driver walking by the head of his beast, the ass-driver behind), one walking forward and backward, i.e. one who, owing to the loss of the object with which he appointed the central point for the movements of the day (v. עֵירוּב), may walk only from his home to that spot and back. Erub. III, 4 (35ᵃ); Tosef. ib. V (IV), 2; Y. ib. III, 21ᵇ top. ↗ expanded
גֻּמְלָא Targ. Is. III, 11. Targ. Ps. XCIV, 2. Ib. CXXXVII, 8 גַּמְ׳ Ms.; a. e.—Pl. גַּמְלַיָּא. Targ. Is. XXXV, 4.—Lev. R. s. 4 גַּמְלַיי טבייה דגמלית עימיך my benefits which I bestowed on thee. ↗ expanded
גַּמְלָא 1 c., ch. = h. גָּמָלcamel. Targ. Lev. XI, 4; a. e.—Snh. 106ᵃ (prov.) ג׳ אזלא וכ׳ the camel went to ask for horns, and had her ears cut off.—Macc. 5ᵃ ג׳ פרחא a flying (swift) camel, dromedary; Yeb. 116ᵃ.—Ib. 45ᵃ (prov.) ג׳ במדי וכ׳ in Media a camel can dance on a kab (bushel), i.e. in Media everything is possible. Sot. 13ᵇ; Keth. 67ᵃ, a. e. (prov.) לפום ג׳ שיחנא according to the camel is his load, i.e. the greater the man, the greater his responsibility.—Pl. גַּמְלִין, גַּמְלַיָּא, גַּמְלֵי. Targ. Gen. XXIV, 10 sq.; a. fr.—Gen. R. s. 38.—Y. Hor. III, 48ᵃ bot. אבא יודן דגַמְלוֹי Abba Yudan who is busy among his camels; Lev. R. s. 5 דגמלי; a. fr. couple, teaming arrangement. M. Kat. 11ᵇ הוה להו ג׳ דתורא בהדי הדדי (Asheri 33 … עבוד גִּימְלָא) had an arrangement between them to team their oxen for mutual work. Ib. פסקיה לגַמְלֵיה he broke the arrangement (Ms. M.; as corrected, לגמלא ולא שדריה …, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note); v. גָּמַל Pi. a small bridge, crossboard (cmp. גֶּשֶׁר). M. Kat. 6ᵇ והוא דליכא גשרא … ג׳ provided there is neither bridge nor crossboard. Snh. 67ᵇ, v. אוּסְקָנִיתָא. B. Bath. 21ᵃ ג׳ contrad. fr. תיתורא. Snh. 7ᵃ, v. גּוּדָא. large-sized, v. גַּמְלָנָא. ↗ expanded
גַּמְלָא 2Gamala, in Galilee. Arakh. IX, 6. Tosef. Macc. III (II), 2; Y. ib. II, 31ᵈ גַּמְלָה. ↗ expanded
גַּמְלָא 3Gamla (abbrev. of Gamliel). Yoma 18ᵃ; Yeb. VI, 4; B. Bath. 21ᵃ Joshua ben G., a highpriest.—Gitt. 30ᵇ Abba Elazar b. Gamla; Bets. 13ᵇ גימל; Bekh. 58ᵇ, Men. 54ᵇ גומל (Ms. M. גמל).—Snh. 111ᵃ R. Ḥănina b. Gamla (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note), usu. b. Gamliel. ↗ expanded
גַּמְלוֹן (deriv. of גָּמָל) large-sized (bean).—Pl. גַּמְלוֹנִים, גַּמְלוֹנִין. Shebi. II, 8; Kil. III, 2. גמלנים ed., v. אָפוּן.—Tosef. Kil. II, 8 פולין הג׳ (v. ed. Zuck. note). Tosef. T’bul Yom I, 1. ↗ expanded
גַּמְלִיאֵל (b. h.) Gamaliel, Gamliel; Tannaim, a) Rabban G. senior (הזקן), grandson of Hillel. R. Hash. II, 5. Gitt. IV, 2; a. fr.—b) Rabban G. (of Jabneh), grandson of the former. Ber. I, 1. Peah VI, 6.—Ber. 27ᵇ sq. Tosef. Nidd. IX, 17; a. fr. (v. Frank. Darkhé Mish. p. 69). Amoraim, a) R. G. B’ribbi (Bar Rabbi) I, son of R. Judah han-Nasi I. Y. Ḥall. IV, 60ᵃ top ר׳ ג׳ ב"ר. Keth. 103ᵇ. Ib. 10ᵇ. Men. 84ᵇ; a. e. [Ab. II, 2.]—b) R. G. B’ribbi II, son of R. Judah han-Nasi II. Y. Ab. Zar. I, 39ᵇ.—c) (also גַּמְלִיֵּיל) G. Zuga Y. Ḥall. IV, 60ᵃ top; a. fr.; a. others (v. Frank. M’bo p. 72ᵃ sq.). ↗ expanded
גַּמְלָנָא , large-sized. Sabb. 66ᵇ שומשמנא ג׳ Ar. (ed. גמלא) a large ant.—Ab. Zar. 28ᵇ, v. חִיפּוּשִׁיתָא. ↗ expanded
גַּמֶּלֶת (גַּמָּל) a caravan of camel-drivers. Snh. X, 5 (111ᵇ); Snh. 112ᵃ; B. Bath. 8ᵃ ↗ expanded
גְּמַלְתָּא (גַּמְלָא) stock of camels. Gen. R. s. 75 (ref. to generic sing. שור חמור, Gen. XXXII, 6) it is a popular expression חמורתא ג׳ (as we say in Chald.) the stock of asses, of camels. ↗ expanded
גָּמַםto join, connect. Denom. גַּם I, II. to make even, level, smoothen, peel, raze. Shebi. IV, 5 גּוֹמֵם מן הארץ Ms. M. (ed. מֵעַל, Y. מֵעִם) he razes (the tree) even with the ground; B. Bath. 80ᵇ ג׳ מעם. Tosef. Maas. Sh. V, 18 גּוֹמְמִין אותו you may raze it (the vineyard with the fourth year’s fruits). Ter. IX, 7 עד שיָגוֹם את האוכל (Y. ib. end, 46ᵈ האוכלין) until he has entirely cut off what is eatable. Y. l. c. כיני מתניתן עד שיָ׳ בעלים the Mishnah means, until he has razed the plant while it was yet bearing leaves. Y. Kil. V, 30ᵇ bot.; Y. Shebi. I, end, 33ᶜ הגּוֹמֵם את כרמו וכ׳ he who razes his vineyard lower than a hand-breadth (above the surface); עד שיגום מעם הארץ until he razes it even with the ground.—Ḥull. 92ᵇ גּוֹמְמוֹ עם וכ׳ he peels the fat off even with &c., opp. to חָטַט. Tosef. Kel. B. Mets. VII, 3 עד שֶׁיִפַּח ויָגֹם (R. S. to Kel. XVII, 12 שיִנָּפַח ויִגֹּם Nif.) until one has blown it up and scraped it (polished the leather surface).—Part. pass. גָּמוּםlevelled, smoothened. Ḥull. 59ᵃ פיה ג׳ her mouth is smooth i.e. toothless (Rashi: cut off); v. infra. Tosef. Bekh. IV, 16 איזהו גמום וכ׳ (ed. Zuck. נמום, corr. acc.) what animal is called gamum? That which lacks horns, i.e. whose horns are not projecting, v. next w. Ib. 15 הגומים (ed. Zuck. הנימום) read: הַגָּמוּם. Nif. נִגְמַםto be levelled, smoothened, razed. Shebi. I, 8 אילן שנ׳ (Ms. M. שנפגם) a tree which has been cut off (near the ground). Bekh. VI, 4 (39ᵃ) the incisors שנפגמו ושנִגְמְמוּ which are broken off or levelled (with the gum; cmp. Ḥull. 59ᵃ quoted above). Ḥull. 70ᵃ נגממו כותלי וכ׳ if the sides of the womb are peeled (diminished in size). Tosef. Kel. B. Mets. l. c. נגממו after the leather bottles have grown too thin for holding liquids. Kel. XVII, 4 נגממו if they are worn off (the sides of a vessel having become too thin), opp. נפרצו broken into (Maim.: the sides have been cut off, so that nothing but the bottom remained); Tosef. Kel. B. Mets. VI, 9 נפגמו ed. Zuck. (R. S. to Kel. l. c. נגממו).—Trnsf. to be degraded, disgraced. Esth. R. to I, 9 (play on gam ib.) Vashti’s time has come לִיגָּמֵם to be disgraced (explained ליבצר). Pi. גִּמֵּם as Kel. Gen. R. s. 38 when a vineyard yields no fruits, מְגַמְּמִין אותו the owner cuts it down. ↗ expanded
גְּמַם Y. Kil. II, 27ᵈ גָּם כרמייא razed his vineyards. Ḥull. 50ᵃ גּוֹם שדי peel it off and throw it away. Ib. 92ᵇ גָּאִים ליה ed. (Ar. גיים) peeled it off (on the surface, opp. מרטט). Ib. 96ᵃ Ithpe. אִיגּוֹם as preced. Nif. Ib. 44ᵃ אִיגּוֹם אִיגּוּמֵי וכ׳ the chin was razed, detached without laceration from the neck, opp. איעקור forcibly torn off. Bekh. 44ᵃ אִיגּוּם איגומי the horns are levelled (not projecting), opp. איעקור uprooted. ↗ expanded
גְּמַץ (v. גמם) to finish a pit. Targ. Ps. VII, 16.—Denom. גּוּמָּצָא. ↗ expanded
גָּמַר 1 , Pi.גִּמֵּר (denom. of מוּגְמָר, v. גּוּמְרָא) to perfume (clothes) with burned spices. Bets. 22ᵇ לְגַמֵּר for the purpose of perfuming clothes. Ber. 53ᵃ Hithpa. הִתְגַּמֵּרto be perfumed, soaked with perfume. Sabb. 18ᵃ you may put mugmar under the clothes on the eve of Sabbath, ומִתְגַּמְּרִין והולכין וכ׳ and the process of soaking is continued during the entire Sabbath day. Bets. l. c. הבית מִתְגַּמֵּר מאליו the room is perfumed of itself. ↗ expanded
גָּמַר 2 cmp. v. גמם) to polish, touch up, finish. Y. Sabb. VII, 10ᵃ bot. ג׳ מלאכתו when he gives to his work the finishing touch; a. fr. (in gen.) to complete, end. Pes. X, 7 גּוֹמֵר עליו את ההלל he reads over it (the fourth cup) the Hallel to the end, v. הַלֵּל.—Tosef. Succ. III, 2 גּוֹמְרִין בהן וכ׳ on those occasions the entire Hallel is read; Ber. 14ᵃ; Arakh. 10ᵃ; Taan. 28ᵇ. Ber. 13ᵇ חוזר וגוֹמְרָהּ (after the disciples left) did he take it up again and read the whole of the Sh’ma?—Y. Yeb. II, beg. 3ᶜ הביאה גוֹמֶרֶת בה coition consummates the levir’s marriage (Bab. ib. 18ᵃ קונה קניין גמור), v. מַאֲמַר.—Y. Ber. VI, 10ᵈ top ג׳ מלאכול after he has finished eating; a. fr.—Euphem. to gratify the sexual appetite. Kerith. II, 4. Pes. 87ᵃ (play on Gomer, Hos. I, שהכל גּוֹמְרִים בה all people could gratify their lust on her.—וְגוֹמֵר (abbr. וגו׳, וג׳) and one finishes (the sentence quoted) = and so forth, &c., a clerical term used in Bible citations to save the writing out of the entire quotation. Ḥull. 98ᵃ. Gen. R. s. 51, beg.; a. fr.—*Part. pass. גָּמוּר, f. גְּמוּרָהfinished, complete, real, valid. Kidd. 40ᵇ, a. fr. צדיק ג׳ a perfectly righteous man (without faults); רשע ג׳ a wicked man throughout (without any good quality). Yeb. 18ᵇ, a. fr. קניין ג׳ real (legal) possession.—Pl. גְּמוּרִים, גְּמוּרוֹת. Ḥull. 89ᵃ; a. fr.—Bets. 2ᵇ, a. e. בצים ג׳ perfectly developed eggs (with shells), v. infra.—3) to destroy. Pes. 87ᵇ (play on Gomer, v. supra) בזזו וגָמְרוּ (Ms. M. גמרו וגמרו) they plundered and destroyed (they destroyed thoroughly). to conclude, determine, decide. Kel. XVI, 1. Ber. 17ᵃ גְּמוֹר בכל לבבך וכ׳ be determined with all thy heart &c. Shebu. 26ᵇ ג׳ בלבו he resolved (vowed) in his heart, opp. הוציא בשפתיו; Ḥag. 10ᵃ.—Erub. 13ᵇ, a. fr. נמנו וגמרו they were counted (their votes were taken) and they decided.—Snh. III, 7 (42ᵃ) גמרו את הדבר when they had closed the case (being ready for publishing the sentence); a. fr. to draw a conclusion by analogy. Sabb. 96ᵇ ג׳ העברה העברה מיוה"כ one forms an analogy between the expressions heĕbir &c.; a. fr. to be fully developed. Tosef. Par. XI, 7, v. גָּמַל.—בצים גמורות, v. supra. Pi. גִּמֵּרto destroy. Pes. 87ᵇ בקשו לגַמֵּר וכ׳ they intented to destroy the possessions of Israel in her (Gomer’s) days, v. supra. to develop, mature, ripen. Y. Shebi. V, beg. 35ᵈ אין פירותיה׳ מְגַמְּרִין וכ׳ their fruits ripen only every three years. Nif. נִגְמַרto be finished, completed. Snh. VI, 1 נ׳ הדין when proceedings are finished (sentence pronounced). Gen. R. s. 12 נִגְמְרָה מלאכתן they were finished; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גְּמַר 2to finish. Targ. Ps. LVII, 3 דְּיִגְמַר (ed. Lag. די גמר, corr. acc.); a. fr.—Pes. 55ᵃ גַּמְרִינָן we dare finish a work commenced. Ib. מִיגְמַר אין אתחולי לא to finish is permitted, but not to begin; a. fr. to consume, destroy. Targ. Job I, 16. Ib. XXII, 20; a. fr. (also Pa.). to end, cease. Targ. Ps. XII, 2 גְּמִירוּ they are gone. Targ. Prov. V, 11. Ib. XXII, 8; a. e. to conclude, derive. Ḥull. 98ᵇ ולִיגְמַר מיניה now let one draw a conclusion from this (by analogy)! Ib. מחידוש לא גַבְרִינָן from an exception we draw no conclusions; a. fr. to be perfect, ready to answer, to know well. [Targ. Y. Deut. VI, 7 ותִגְמְרִינוּן וכ׳, read ותַגְ׳, v. infra.]—Part.גָּמֵיר. Sabb. 63ᵃ והוה גְמִירְנָא וכ׳ and I knew well the whole Talmud (v. Rabh. D. S. a. l.). Taan. 7ᵃ bot. דגְמִירֵי who are learned; ib. 7ᵇ top טפי הוו ג׳ they would be more learned; a. fr.—Whence: to learn by heart, esp. to learn traditional law (cmp. גְּרַס II). Targ. Job XXII, 22 (h. text קח, cmp. לֶקַח).—Sabb. l. c. לִיגְמַר איניש והדר ליסבר one must first learn traditions, and then he may reason; Ab. Zar. 19ᵃ, v. גְּרַס II.—Ber. 43ᵃ וברכת … גַּמְרִינָן and we are not sufficiently familiar with the laws concerning grace at meals. Yoma 29ᵃ מִיגְמַר בעתיקא וכ׳ to remember well something old (to refresh the memory) is more difficult than to commit to memory a fresh thing. Sabb. l. c. למיגמר מיניה from whom to receive traditions. Sot. 36ᵇ לא הוה קגמר he could not remember; a. fr.—Sabb. 96ᵇ גמרא גְמִירֵי לה they (the scholars) know it by tradition; ib. 97ᵃ הילכתא ג׳ לה.—גְּמִירֵי they have a tradition, it is a well-known maxim. Snh. 37ᵇ bot. Sot. 34ᵃ. Gitt. 47ᵃ; a. fr. Pa. גַּמֵּרto finish; to consume. Targ. Job XXI, 13 ed. (Ms. גַּמְרִין Part. Pe.). Ib. XIII, 28; a. fr. Af. אַגְמֵירto teach verbally. Targ. Y. Deut. VI, 7 [read:] ותַגְמְרִינוּן and thou shalt teach them (v. Ber. 13ᵇ).—Sot. 36ᵇ אַגְמְרֵיה ולא גמר he taught him (the Hebrew language), but he (Pharaoh) could not remember it. Ḥull. 45ᵇ אַגְמְרָךְ גמרא I will teach thee a tradition. B. Kam. 17ᵃ לאַגְמוּרֵי as to teaching. Ber. 13ᵇ, v. גְּרַס II. Ithpe. אִתְגְּמַר, אִגְּמַרto be finished; to be destroyed. Targ. Job XXIII, 17. Targ. Ps. CIX, 23.—Targ. Y. Num. XVIII, 14 דמִגְּמַר (h. text חֵרֶם). Targ. Y. Ex. XXII, 19 יִתְגַּמְרוּן (h. text יָחֳרָם). ↗ expanded
גָּמָר (preced.) finishing, last touch; consummation. Sabb. 103ᵃ, a. fr. ג׳ מלאכה the finishing work.—Snh. 6ᵇ; a. fr. ג׳ דין close of legal proceedings. ↗ expanded
גְּמַר 3same, finish, perfection, beauty. Snh. 8ᵇ, a. e. ג׳ דינא, v. preced. Targ. Ez. XXVII, 24 ג׳ מיני וכ׳ the perfection of all valuable things (h. text מכללים). Ib. XXIII, 6 ed. Lag. (ed. גמיר, h. text תכלת). Ib. 12 (h. text מכלול). (cmp. גּוּמְרָא) carbuncle, a precious stone. Targ. Is. LIV, 12 (h. text אקדח). ↗ expanded
גְּמָרָא (v. גְּמַר II, 5) memorizing of verbal teachings, tradition. Ab. Zar. 19ᵃ bot. הנ"מ סברא אבל ג׳ מחד רבא וכ׳ (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) this refers to reasoning (dialectics), but as to traditional laws (rules &c.), it is better to study only with one teacher, in order not to be confused by varying wording; Yalk. Ps. 614.—Gitt. 6ᵇ הא ג׳ היא וג׳ לא שמיע ליה this is merely a tradition (not to be arrived at by way of reasoning) and one may not have heard that tradition (and yet be an able man). B. Mets. 33ᵃ; 33ᵇ ג׳ verbal study (opp. to משנה which had been put to writing). Arakḥ. 29ᵃ רב גַּמְרֵיה גמיר (not גמור) Rab had his own tradition about it (had it from his teacher that the Mishnah was corrupt). Erub. 60ᵃ ג׳ גמור זמורתא תהא if it is a tradition, learn it by heart, let it be like a song (the wording of which you dare not change); Sabb. 106ᵇ; Ab. Zar. 32ᵇ; Bets. 24ᵃ (variously interpreted in comment.).—Yoma 14ᵇ, a. fr. משמיה דג׳ as a tradition (without knowing the reasoning process, cmp. ib. 33ᵃ bot. ג׳ גמירנא וכ׳); a. fr.—G’mara, that part of the Talmud containing those discussions, decisions &c. which, after the reduction to writing of the Mishnah, were the materials of verbal studies until they, too, were put to writing.—Abbrev. גמ׳, a clerical mark in the Talmud Babli editions, to indicate where the Mishnah ends, and the G’mara begins. ↗ expanded
גַּמְּרִי (infin. Pa. of גמר) לְגַ׳entirely. *Targ. Job XXX, 24 Ms. (ed. לגרמיה).—Pes. 55ᵇ. B. Kam. 35ᵇ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גַּמְרָנָא (Denom. of גְּמָרָא) a teacher of traditions. Pes. 105ᵇ ↗ expanded
גְּמַשׁ (cmp. כמש) to contract, bend. Yoma 67ᵃ Ms. M. 2 (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 20) זימנין דגְמִישׁ רישיה ולא חזי ליה sometimes the animal’s head (in falling) is bent, and he (the man) cannot see the chord. Pa. גַּמֵּישׁsame. Ib. ed. זימנין דג׳ ליה לרישיה ולאו אדעתיה the animal may bend its head, and the man may not think of looking after the chord. ↗ expanded
גַּןa fenced-in place, garden.—גַּן עֵדֶן paradise, place of future reward, opp. גֵּיהִינָּם. Pes. 54ᵃ; Ned. 39ᵇ; a. fr.—Gen. R. s. 15 beg. גן גדול מעדן the garden was larger than Eden (Eden was a portion of the garden, ref. to Ez. XXXI, 9). Taan. 10ᵃ וגן אחד וכ׳ and the garden was one sixtieth portion of Eden.—Gen. R. l. c. כפיגי שהיא נתונה בגי׳ like a spring in a garden. Kil. II, 2 זרעוני גנה garden plants. Ex. R. s. 31 גלגל שבגי׳ the wheel works of the well in the garden; a. fr.—Trnsf. (cmp. hortulus a. κῆπος) woman. Pirké d’R. El. ch. XXI אין גן אלא האשה וכ׳ gan (Gen. III, 3) means woman who is compared to a garden (ref. to Cant. IV, 12), מה הגנה זו וכ׳ as a garden &c. Cant. R. to IV, 12 גַּנָּתִי נעולה והיא מתגניא my consort (Israel) is closed (chaste), and yet defamed.—Pl. גַּנּוֹת. Lev. R. s. 3, beg. better off is he who owns גינה one garden and &c. ממי שנוטל ג׳ של וכ׳ than he who takes other people’s gardens on half-shares; a. fr.—Gen. R. s. 85 חורש בגנות (euphem. for sexual intercourse). ↗ expanded
גַּנָּא Targ. Job XXXVIII, 18 גַּן עדן Ms. (ed. גינתא דע׳); a. fr.; v. גִּינְּתָא.—Pl. גִּינִּין, גִּינַּיָיא, גַּנַּ׳. Targ. II Kings IX, 27.—Lev. R. s. 3, v. אֲגַר II.—ג׳ דאשקלון the gardens (or the forts?) of Ascalon, name of a Palestinean border place (v. Hildesh. Beitr. p. 72). Y. Shebi. VI, 36ᶜ; ib. מן מה דתני גנויה וכ׳ (corr. גנייה) from the expression ‘the gardens of A.’, we derive that A. itself is considered as foreign land; Tosef. Shebi. IV, 11 גיניא דא׳; Sifré Deut. 51 גבנייא דא׳ (prob. גִּנָּנַ׳); Yalk. ib. 874 גִּינָּנַיָּא. ↗ expanded
גְּנַאי (גני) disgrace, shame, blame; obscenity. Ab. Zar. 46ᵃ a byname לג׳ of reproach, (cacophemistic, opp. לשבח). Kidd. 33ᵇ; Y. Shek. V, 49ᵃ bot. חד אמר לג׳ one says ‘they looked after Moses’ (Ex. XXXIII, 8) with the purpose of fault-finding; Tanḥ. Ki Thissa 27. Meg. 25ᵇ כל המקראות … לג׳ וכ׳ words in the Torah which, as they are written (v. כתיב), have become obscene, are in reading changed &c. (שגל changed into שכב &c.). Ber. 33ᵇ ג׳ הוא לו it would be offering an insult to him; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גְּנַאי ² Targ. II Esth. I, 2. Targ. Y. Lev. XX, 17; a. e. ↗ expanded
גָּנַב (b. h.) [to put behind, aside,] to steal. Y. Snh. VIII, 26ᵇ top לא תִגְנוֹב את … גוֹנֵב do not carry off steathily thine own property from the thief, lest thou appear to be stealing.—Snh. 86ᵃ גונב נפש one who kidnaps a person. B. Kam. VII, 2 ג׳ על פי שנים if he is convicted of stealing through two witnesses; a. fr.—ג׳ דעת to deceive, to create a false impression. Ḥull. 94ᵃ אסור לִגְנוֹב דעת וכ׳ it is forbidden to create &c. (e.g. to make believe as if you opened a fresh barrel of wine as a special attention to your guest, while you would have had to do it at any rate). Shebu. 39ᵃ; a. fr.—ג׳ עין to deceive by a false impression on the eye, to delude. B. Mets. IV, 12.—Part. pass. גָּנוּב, f. גְּנוּבָה. Ab. Zar. 44ᵇ; Meïl. 7ᵇ תשובה ג׳ a fallacious reply; v. גְּנוּבְתָּא II. Pi. גִּנֵּבto keep behind. Ex. R. s. 5 היו מְגַנְּבִין את עצמן וכ׳ they kept themselves at a distance from Moses and then withdrew. Nif. נִגְנַבto be stolen, kidnapped. B. Mets. III, 1. Gen. R. s. 84; a. fr. to be deceived (sub. דעת). Tosef. B. Kam. VII, 8 sq.; Mekh. Mishp. N’zikin, s. 13. Hithpa. הִתְגַּנֵּבto sneak in. Pesik. R. s. 21, היו מִתְגַּנְּבִים וכ׳ they used to have stealthy intercourse &c. Mekh. l. c. המִתְגַּנֵּב אחר וכ׳ who steals himself (into the college room) behind a neighbor. ↗ expanded
גְּנַב Targ. Y. Gen. XXXI, 30. Ib. 20. Targ. O. Deut. XXIV, 7 גָּנֵיב (Y. גְּנִיב, corr. acc.); a. fr.—Part. pass. גְּנִיב. Targ. O. Gen. XL, 15 גְּנֵיבְנָא ed. Berl. I have been stolen.—Ruth R. introd. 3 (a trial before a Roman court) גְּנַבְתּוּן לא גְנַבְנוּן “Ye have stolen”.—‘We have not’ …; לא גָנַבְתְּ מאן ג׳ עמך “thou hast not stolen? Who has been stealing with thee?”; Gen. R. s. 37; s. 63. B. Kam. 65ᵇ תורא גַנְבִי מינך was it an ox I stole from thee?—Ib. 67ᵇ עד דגְנֵיב תרי (he is not bound to pay) unless he stole two animals; a. fr. Pa. גַּנֵּיבsame. Targ. Jer. XXIII, 30.—2) same. to go round about. Keth. 19ᵃ גַנּוֹבָא גַּנּוּבֵי למה לך וכ׳ O thou cunning man, what is the use of thy going round about?; Yeb. 91ᵃ; B. Bath. 133ᵃ גַּנָּבָא גנובי Ms. R. (ed. גנבא גנבי, corr. acc.).—Part. pass. מְגַנַּבcrooked. Targ. Jud. V, 6 אורחן מְגַנְּבָן (h. text עקלקל׳). Ithpa. אִיתְגַּנַּב,Ithpe. אִיתְגְּנַב, אִיגְּנַבto be stolen. Targ. Ex. XXII, 11. Targ. Y. Gen. XL, 15; a. e.—B. Mets. 34ᵃ top מי יימר דמִיגַּנְּבָא who can say that it will be stolen? Ib. 24ᵃ אִגְּנִיב כסא וכ׳ a silver goblet was stolen from the inn; a. e. to sneak away. Targ. II Sam. XIX, 4. ↗ expanded
גַּנָּב (b. h.) thief. Y. Snh. VIII, 26ᵇ top גָּנַב בפני עדים גַּ׳ וכ׳ if one carries an object off in the sight of witnesses, he is a thief (amenable to the law Ex. XXI, 37), if in the owner’s presence, he is a robber. B. Kam. 57ᵃ since he keeps himself hidden ג׳ הוא he is a thief (not a robber). Ib., a. fr. טוען טענת ג׳ he pleads that a thief had stolen the object in his charge. Snh. 26ᵇ ג׳ ניסן וכ׳ a thief (a laborer or tenant who takes fruits) in Nisan or in Tishri is not a thief (to be considered unfit to testify in court); a. fr.—Pl. גַּנָּבִים, גַּנָּבִין. Tosef. B. Kam. VII, 8; Mekh. Mishp., N’zikin, s. 13; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גַּנָּב ²same. Targ. Ex. XXII, 1; a. e.—Ber. 5ᵇ (prov.) בתר ג׳ גנוב וכ׳ steal after the thief (take thine own stealthily from him), and thou hast a taste (of theft), v. גָּנַב. Snh. 22ᵃ (prov.) חסריה לג׳ נפשיה וכ׳ when strength fails the thief, he pretends to be honest.—Pl. גַּנָּבִין, גַּנָּבַיָּא, גַּנְּבֵי. Targ. Y. Ex. XX, 13; a. fr.—Ab. Zar. 70ᵃ. Snh. 109ᵃ, v. אַתְּ; a. fr. cunning. B. Bath. 133ᵃ, v. גְּנַבPa.↗ expanded
גַּנְדַּר 1 (גדר to be rounded, v. גַּד II; cmp. כדר; v. Nöld. Neusyrische Gramm. p. 39) to roll. Targ. O. Gen. XXIX, 3; 8; 10 (ed. Berl. נדר, v. Berl. Targ. O. II, p. 10; Targ. Y. ib. 13 נדר, some ed. גדר). Targ. I Kings XIV, 10 כמא דמְגַנְדְּרִין בגולילא (Var. דמנדרין) as they roll with a (threshing) roller (h. text … יבער הגלל).—Gitt. 69ᵇ ונִיגַנְדְּרֵיה וכ׳ (Rashi ולג׳) and let him roll it sixty times. Ab. Zar. 28ᵃ רניגנדר (some ed. וניגדר). Ithpa. אִיגַּנְדַּרto be rolled; to roll one’s self. B. Kam. 35ᵃ למקלייה ואִיגַּנְדּוּרֵי בקיטמא Ms. M. (ed. ואיגנדר, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) to burn the stack in order to roll himself in the ashes. Ib. קמִגַּנְדַּר בקיטמיה Ms. M. he did roll himself in its ashes. Gitt. 77ᵇ איג׳ גיטא Ar. (ed. אזל, Rashi to Sabb. 80ᵃ quotes איג׳) the letter of divorce (thrown over to the woman) rolled and fell &c. Yeb. 17ᵃ (prov.) קבא רבא … מִיגַּנְּדַּר וכ׳ the large and the small measure (both instruments of fraud) roll together and arrive at hell, and from hell &c., i.e. all the low elements meet in those Babylonian places. ↗ expanded
גַּנְדַּר 2 (גדר, cmp. גָּדַרHithpa.), Ithpa. אִיגַּנְדַּר to lord it. Taan. 23ᵇ מִגַּנְדְּרָא עלי she lords it over me (being proud of her beauty; (Ms. M. אתא ומרדא ליה). ↗ expanded
גַּנְדְּרוֹפֹּוס (corrupt. of κυνάνθροπος or of λυκάνθρωπος, sub. νόσος; for rejection of ל, v. בּוּרְנִי) lycanthropy, a form of melancholy, the patient so afflicted believing himself to be a wolf (or a dog) and spending his nights among tombstones; also (ὁ λυκάνθρωπος) the person so afflicted. Ḥag 3ᵇ אימר גנדריפס אחדיה ed. (Ms. M. גדדפוס, Var. גנדרופס, גנס׳, גרדפוס, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) say, lycanthropy has seized him.—Y. Gitt. VII, beg. 48ᶜ היוצא בלילה קניטרופיס; Y. Ter. I, 40ᵇ קנוטרוכוס (corr. acc.) he who goes out at nights is merely a lycanthrope (but not insane). ↗ expanded
גְּנוּבְתָּא 1 (גנב) tail. Targ. Job XL, 17 Ms. (ed. דונביה). Targ. Y. Deut. XIV, 9 גֹּונְבֵיה. Sabb. 77ᵇ; M. Kat. 17ᵃ; a. e. ↗ expanded
גְּנוּבְתָּא 2 (גנב) theft, stolen object, v. גְּנֵיבוּתָא. fallacy, fallacious reply (v. גָּנַב). Ab. Zar. 44ᵇ מאי גְּנוּבְתֵּיה wherein lies the fallacy of his answer? Ib. גְּנוּבְתָּהּ מהכא its fallacy comes in from here (consists in this). ↗ expanded
*גְּנוֹגְנִית (גנן, cmp. גִּנּוּן) a sort of parasol made of osier and used by field laborers. Kel. XVI, 7 גנוגנת העני Ar. (Mish. גְּנוֹגְנוֹת pl., Talm. ed. גנוגנית, Maim. comment. ed. Derenbourg גְּנוֹנֶת). [Ar. a. R. S.: the poor man’s bag.] ↗ expanded
גִּנּוּן (גנן) baldachin (the Greek θάλαμος), bride-chamber, state room. Cant. R. to I, 4 (play on ganno, ib. IV, 16) לגִנּוּנוֹ to his state room (the Tabernacle). Ib. to V, 1; Num. R. s. 13. Pesik. R. s. 5.—Num. R. l. c. מהו גַנִּי גִּנּוּנִי מה הכילה וכ׳ganni (Cant. IV, 16) means “my state room”; as the bridal curtain is embroidered in variegated colors, so was the Tabernacle &c.; a. e. ↗ expanded
גִּנּוּן ²cover, shade, baldachin; esp. bridal chamber, state-room. Targ. Y. Gen. XIV, 13 גננא cover. Targ. Is. IV, 5 בגנון (read כג׳, ed. Lag. כגנין, h. text חפה). Targ. Job XV, 32 Var. his enclosure (v. כִּילְּתָא) shall not be גנונא ed. Lag. (ed. גננא) a (wreathed) state-room (h. text רעננה; cmp. Cant. I, 16). Targ. Y. Ex. II, 1 גי׳ דהילולא. Targ. Ps. XIX, 6; a. e.—Y. Yeb. XIII, 13ᶜ bot. עבד לה גנון if a bridal room is prepared for her. Y. Ber. II, 5ᵃ they went מיעבד גְּנוּנֵיה דר׳ וכ׳ to prepare the bridal chamber of &c.; Bab. Ber. 16ᵃ קטרין ליה גננא wreathed the bridal chamber of &c. Ruth R. to I, 17 (sect. 3) [read:] דיהא גְנוּנָךְ חסר וכ׳ that thy state-room in the hereafter have one jewel less than &c., i.e. that the jewel given thee in this world be deducted from thy future reward. (v. גני) couch, breeding place. Targ. Job XL, 22. Ib. 31. ↗ expanded
גְּנוּנִית (v. גִּנּוּן) couch.—Pl. גְּנוּנִיּוֹת. Y’lamd. to Deut. X, 12 quot. in Ar. (ref. to בַּגַּנִּים, Cant. VIII, 13) when the students at college sit ג׳ ג׳ arranged by couches (school forms). ↗ expanded
גַּנּוּנִיתָא (v. גַּן) (hortulus,) garden at the house, pleasure-garden. Targ. Y. Ex. II, 21.—Ber. 43ᵇ. Y. Kidd. IV, end, 66ᵈ ג׳ של ירק vegetable garden; a. fr.—Pl. גְּנוּנְיָאתָא, גְּנוּנְיָתָא. B. Bath. 68ᵃ; 68ᵇ.—Esp. (= גַּן עֵדֶן) paradise. Targ. Y. Gen. XLVI, 17; a. e. ↗ expanded
גְּנוּנִיתָאG’nunitha, (gardener) legendary name of Esther’s attendant for the third day of the week (with ref. to Gen. I, 11). Targ. Esth. II, 9. ↗ expanded
גְּנוּת (גני; v. גִּנּוּי) blame, disgrace. Pes. X, 4. Arakh. 16ᵃ בא לידי גְנוּתוֹ may be induced to speak of his shortcomings; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גּנוּתָא Targ. Y. Gen. XXXIV, 14. Targ. Koh. V, 5. ↗ expanded
גָּנַז [to cut off, set aside,] to save, hoard up, reserve. B. Bath. 11ᵃ; Tosef. Peah IV, 18 אבותיך גָּנְזוּ וכ׳ thy ancestors saved (treasures) and increased the savings of their fathers. Ḥag. 12ᵃ למי גְּנָזוֹ for whom has He reserved it?; a. fr.—Part. pass. גָּנוּז, f. גְּנוּזָהreserved. Pes. 119ᵃ; Snh. 110ᵃ to remove from sight, hide (in order to prevent desecration). Tosef. Sabb. XIII (XIV), 5; Sabb. 116ᵃ. Meg. 26ᵇ a book of the Law in a state of decay גּוֹנְזִין אותו וכ׳ is buried by the side of a scholar; a. fr. to declare a book apocryhal, to suppress, prohibit the reading of. Pes. 56ᵃ ג׳ ספר רפואות suppressed the Book of Remedies. Sabb. 115ᵃ אף הוא צוה עליו וגְנָזוֹ he (R. Gamliel junior), too, gave orders about it and suppressed it; Tosef. ib. XIII (XIV), 3; a. fr.—Sabb. 30ᵇ בקשו חכמים לִגְנוֹז וכ׳ the scholars wanted to suppress (declare uncanonical) the Book of Koheleth; a. fr. Nif. נִגְנַזto disappear, be hidden. Yoma 52ᵇ משנ׳ הארון נִגְנְזָה וכ׳ when the Holy Ark was removed, there disappeared with it &c.; Tosef. ib. III (II), 7. Tosef. Sot. II, 2 מגילתה נִגְנֶזֶת וכ׳ the scroll used for the suspected wife (סוטה) was hidden away under the door pivot of the Temple; a. fr. (of books) to be prohibited, suppressed. Sabb. 13ᵇ אלמלא הוא נ׳ וכ׳ but for him, the Book of Ezekiel would have been suppressed; Ḥag. 13ᵃ; Men. 45ᵃ; a. e. ↗ expanded
גְּנַז , to save.—Targ. II Kings XX, 17.—Part. pass. גְּנִיז, f. גְנִיזָאhidden, stored up, reserved. Targ. II Chr. XXXIV, 15. Targ. I Sam. XXV, 29.—Pl. גְּנִיזִין, גְּנִיזָן. Targ. O. Deut. XXXII, 34. Targ. Hos. XIII, 12.—Targ. Prov. XXX, 18. Ithpe. אִתְגְּנִיזto disappear. Targ. Y. Num. XX, 2; 13. ↗ expanded
גֵּנֶזpreced.) store, treasure.—Pl. גְּנָזִים, constr. גִּנְזֵי. Ḥag. 12ᵇ. Pes. 119ᵃ בית גְּנָזָיו של וכ׳ Korah’s storehouse. Ib. 118ᵇ bot. בית גִּנְזֵיהֶם Ms. M. 2 (Ms. M. 1 גְּנָזָיו; ed. גניזה, corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
גִּנְזָאsame. Targ. I Sam. XXV, 29 גְּנַז; Targ. Y. Deut. XXXI, 16 גְּנִיז.—Pl. גִּנְזִין, גִּנְזֵי, גְּנִיזַיָּא. Targ. Ps. CIV, 13. Targ. Hos. XIII, 15. Targ. Y. Deut. XXXIII, 19 the hidden treasures.—Koh. R. to XI, 1 [read:] ועול לבי גנזי דידי וכ׳ and go into my treasury and take from there seven suits of clothes. garments kept in the royal treasury (cmp. Koh. R. l. c., a. טַרְזַיָּא). Targ. Esth. I, 3 גנזי מילתא fine woolen garments. [Ab. Zar. 35ᵇ, v. גַּוָּוזָא I.] ↗ expanded
גִּנְזָקGinzak, Gazaka, a city in the North of Media Atropatene (v. Neub. Géogr. p. 375). Kidd. 72ᵃ; Yeb. 17ᵃ, expl. נהר גוזן (II Kings XVIII, 11). Ab. Zar. 34ᵃ; 39ᵃ; Gen. R. s. 33 (mentioned in connection with R. Akiba); Taan. 11ᵇ (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 7). Treat. S’maḥ. ch. XII. ↗ expanded
גָּנַח (v. גּוּהָא) to groan, esp. (with or without מלבו) to sigh heavily under an attack of angina pectoris. Tem. 15ᵇ; B. Kam. 80ᵃ; Tosef. ib. VIII, 6; Keth. 60ᵃ to cough and spit blood. Gen. R. s. 32, end ג׳ דם; Tanḥ. Noah 9 ג׳ וכוהה דם, v. כָּחַח. ↗ expanded
גְּנַח 1 , to groan, rumble (of the underground thunder at earthquakes). Ber. 59ᵃ ג׳ גוהא (Ms. M. גְּנָא, Ms. O. גְּנַהּ), v. גּוּהָא. Pa. גַּנַּחsame, esp. to utter disconnected sounds (staccato), opp. to יליל to utter a trembling plaintive sound (tremolo). R. Hash. 34ᵃ ↗ expanded
*גְּנַה 2to cut, pass swiftly. Targ. Ps. VIII, 9 Ar. (ed. חליף, h. text עובר). Pa. גַּנַּחto castrate. B. Mets. 90ᵇ top they take them stealthily ומְגַנְּחִין יתהון (Ms. M. וגזזין, v. גְּזַז; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note). [גנח prob. misread for גוזז, a. מגנחין for מְגַוְּוזִין, denom. of גַּוָּוזָא II. Cmp. form of letters, Sabb. XII, 5; 103ᵇ; 104ᵇ.] ↗ expanded
גני (cmp. גָּנַן) to cover, be covered. Pi. גִּינָּה, גִּנָּהto overshadow, to obscure, to put to shame; to censure. Snh. 92ᵇ היו מְגַנִּין את החמה וכ׳ obscured the sun with their beauty. Gitt. 58ᵃ היו מג׳ את הפז וכ׳ they outshone the finest gold with their beauty. Snh. l. c. ביקש לְגַנּוֹת וכ׳ he would have attempted to excel all the praises &c.—Sabb. 33ᵇ שגי׳ who criticised (the Roman government); a. fr.—Part. pass. מְגוּנֶּהdeserving to be covered up, reprehensible, indecent; ugly. Pes. 3ᵃ דבר מג׳ an ugly expression e.g. טמא in place of לא טהור. Ber. 33ᵇ הרי זה מג׳ he is to be reprehended; ib. 45ᵇ, opp. משובח; a. fr. Hithpa. הִתְגַּנֶּהto make one’s self reprehensible, to become repulsive. Ḥag. 15ᵇ ומה למִתְגַּנִּין בה וכ׳ if such regard is paid to those who abuse the knowledge of the Law &c., opp. משתבחין. Kidd. 41ᵃ he may see in her דבר מגינה ותִתְגַּנֶּה עליו something objectionable, and she may become repulsive to him. Yoma 78ᵇ, v. אֵיבָה. Keth. 65ᵇ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גְּנֵי , to be shaded, to lie down, sleep. Targ. Job XL, 21. Targ. Y. Deut. XXIV, 13. Targ. II Esth. I, 4 מיגני to recline for meals, to dine; a. fr.—Gitt. 68ᵃ וגְנָא and fell asleep. Sabb. 65ᵃ did not allow his daughters גַּנְיָאן גבי הדדי (Ms. M. דגַנְיָין) to sleep together. Ib. 129ᵃ ונִיגְנֵי וכ׳ let him lie in the sun. Yoma 78ᵇ וליגני and let him sleep (in his sandals). Snh. 109ᵇ גְּנִי אפוריא lie down on the bed. Y. Taan. I, end, 64ᵇ כותלא דגְנָאֵי ביה a wall of a room in which people sleep; ib. IV, 64ᵈ bot. דגַנְיֵי.—B. Bath. 58ᵃ גָּנֵי Ar. (ed. גָּאנֵי) is lying. [Ber. 59ᵃ Ms. M., v. גְּנַח I.] Pa. גַּנֵּי (with על) to cover, protect. Targ. Is. IV, 5. Targ. Y. Deut. XXVIII, 15. Af. אַגְנֵיto cause to lie down. Targ. II Esth. I, 3 (2) וא׳ וכ׳ and made them lie down (for meals),—Snh. l. c. they had a bed דהוו מַגְנֵי עלה וכ׳ upon which they made strangers lie. Num. R. s. 18; Tanḥ. Korah 10 ואַגְנִיתֵיה וכ׳ and made him lie down on his bed; Snh. l. c.—B. Mets. 84ᵇ [read:] אַגְנַיִין בעיליתאי hide me, I pray, in my room (v. Rashi a. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 7). Ib. [read:] אגניתיה בעיליתיה I kept his body in his room. Ithpe. אִיתְגַּנֵּי, אִיגַּנֵּי (v. preced. Hithpa.) to be disgraced, become repulsive. Targ. II Chr. XV, 16.—Y. Ab. Zar. III, 42ᶜ bot. [read:] דלא יהוון מִיתְגַּנִּין בי that they may not be disgraced through me (be ashamed of me). Sabb. 140ᵇ ואתי למִגַּנְיָא and he may be disgraced. Ib. 65ᵃ מידי דמִיגַּנְיָא ביה something by which she is exposed. Keth. 65ᵇ תִּתְגַּנִּי ותִתְגַּ׳ let her look repulsive (her husband being dead). ↗ expanded
גְּנִיבָאG’niba. Gitt. 31ᵇ; 62ᵃ. Y. ib. VI, 48ᵃ bot. כהדא ג׳ אתאפק וכ׳ as in the case of one G’niba who was carried out to be put to death. ↗ expanded
גְּנֵיבָהtheft, the stolen object; deception. B. Kam. X, 3 ויצא לו שם ג׳ בעיר and the report of his being robbed had spread in town. Ib. 8 did not know בגְנֵיבָתוֹ that it had been stolen. Y. Sot. III, end, 19ᵇ ג׳ אחת one theft; Kidd. 18ᵃ. Ib. גְּנֵיבוֹ אלף if what he has stolen is worth one thousand (Shekel &c.); a. fr.—Pl. גְּנֵיבוֹת, גְּנֵבוֹת. Ib.—Mekh. Mishp., N’zikin, s. 13 גנב שלש ג׳ וכ׳ he committed three frauds &c., v. גָּנַב. Num. R. s. 7; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גְּנִיזָה (גנז) removal of sacred objects. Sabb. XVI, 1 טעונים ג׳ must be removed (in case of their being unfit for use). Meg. 26ᵇ זו היא גְנִיזָתָן this (their use for shrouds) is their removal.—[Pes. 118ᵇ בית גניזה, v. גֵּנֶז). ↗ expanded
גְּנִינִים (contr. of גַּוְונוּנ׳, v. גַּוָּון) of many colors. Nidd. III, 3 (24ᵇ) שפיר מלא גנו׳ (an abortion consisting of) a bag full of a many-colored substance; (Ar. גני׳—for which in Ib. ib. גוונים; incorr. opin. = גבנוניםlumps of a fleshy substance, v. Ar. s. v.); Bekh. VIII, 1 גנו׳ (Talm. ed. 47ᵇ גני׳); Kerith. I, 5 גנו׳ (Talm. ed. 7ᵇ גני׳).—Esp. a sort of flour containing all shades of colors. Tanḥ. T’savveh 13 סאה גני׳ (ed. Bub. 10 גבונים, Ms. R. גנינין, oth. corrupt. v. ib. note 63) one measure full of all sorts of flour; Y. Peah VII, 20ᵃ bot. גניינן (corr. גנינין; omitted in Yalk. Hab. 565).—Sot. 36ᵇ גְּנוּנֵי מלכות royal manners (v. גַּוָּון a. גַּוָּונָא; Ar. גִּנוּסֵי, גְּנִיסֵי, v. גִּינִיסְיָא). ↗ expanded
גְּנִיסָא (adopted fr. γένος) gens, family, gentry. Targ. Y. Ex. XII, 47. Targ. Y. Deut. XXIX, 17.—Targ. Y. Gen. VI, 9 (גְּנִסַּת) גְּנִיסַת נח of the family of Noah; a. fr.—Pl. גְּנִיסָן, גְּנִיסָאתָא, גְּנִיסָתָא. Targ. Y. Deut. X, 6. Targ. Y. Num. XXVI, 7 (some ed. גְנִיסְתָּא read … סָתָא). Targ. Job XXXI, 34; a. e.—Masc. pl. גְּנִיסַיָּיא. Targ. Ps. CVII, 41, v. next w.↗ expanded
גְּנִיסַיָּיא (v. preced. a. גִּינִיסְיָא) nobles, gentry. Targ. Y. Gen. XXXVI, 29 sq.; Deut. II, 12 (some ed. סְיָיא …, corr. acc.; h. text חֹרִי). ↗ expanded
גָּנַן (b. h.) to protect, surround. Denom. גַּן. ↗ expanded
גְּנַן Targ. Zech. VIII, 4. Af. אגֵּיןsame. Targ. O. Gen. VII, 16 (some ed. אָגֵין, fr. גִּין, Y. I אַגִּין, h. text סגר). Targ. Ex. XXXIII, 22. Targ. Is. I, 6; a. fr. (interchanging with אָגֵין).—Sot. 21ᵃ אגּוּנֵי מַגְּנָא does protect, contrad. fr. אצולי to rescue. Keth. 77ᵇ אגוני לא מגנא will it (the Law) not protect (me)? Ab. Zar. 15ᵇ bot. מגנו עלייהו they (the bucklers) protect them. Ib. 16ᵃ מגנו עילוון they (the Persian soldiers) protect us. ↗ expanded
גַּנָּן (denom. of גַּן) gardener. Lev. R. s. 5.—Pl. גַּנָּנִים, גַּנָּנִין. Kel. XVII, 1. Yoma V, 6; a. e. ↗ expanded
גַּס 2 (v. next w.) the thick part of the web, border, hem. Tosef. Sabb. XII (XIII), 1 ע"ג הגס (Var. הנס; Y. ib. XIII, beg. 14ᵃ הגב, corr. acc.), v. גַּב; Bab. ib. 105ᵃ על הגס (some ed. הנס). ↗ expanded
גַּס 3 (גסס, cmp. גשש) bulky, huge, large. Ḥull. III, 1 עוף הגס large fowl (goose, hen &c.), opp. דק.—(בהמה)גסה large cattle (beeves &c.), opp. דקה sheep, goats &c. Ib. Y. Pes. IV, 30ᵈ bot.; a. fr.—Dem. II, 4 sq. במדה ג׳, בגסה in large quantities, wholesale.—Ber. 6ᵇ פסיעה ג׳ large, hasty step. Pes. 107ᵇ אכילה ג׳ a large, full meal.—Shebi. IV, 1 (to gather wood or stones) את הגס הגס the larger the better, i.e. picking out the largest for using them in buildings &c., clearly indicating that it is not done for the purpose of improving the field; expl. Y. ib. beg. 35ᵃ כדרך שהוא מלקט … בין דקים לגסים as one gathers in his neighbor’s field distinguishing between the small and large pieces.—Nidd. 2ᵇ הַגַּס הַגַּס she noticed the menstruation only when coming in large quantities (in clods, while the blood had previously been imperceptibly gathering).—Pl. גַּסִּים, גַּסִּין, f. גַּסּוֹת. Y. Shebi. l. c. Ḥag. 26ᵃ; a. fr.—גַּס רוּחַ presumptuous, haughty. Ab. IV, 7. [Ib. גס לבו, v. גּוּס.]—Pl. גַּסֵּי רוח. Y. Pes. V, 32ᵃ bot.; a. fr.—גַּסִּים (sub. נקבים) movement of the bowels, v. גָּדוֹל end. Y. Ber. II, 4ᵈ top; a. e. ↗ expanded
גַּסָּא ch. f. (sub. מִידָּה) large quantity.—בג׳ intemperately. Esth. R. to I, 8 לפום דתמן שאתן ג׳ because there (at the Persian court) they used to drink immoderately. ↗ expanded
גָּסָה (denom. of גַּס; cmp. אכילה גסה, s. v. גַּס) to swallow large quantities at a time, to glut. Der. Er. Zutta ch. V ולא יִגְסֶה בפני וכ׳ must not eat or drink like a glutton in the presence of &c.—Pesik. Vattomer, p. 131ᵃ (ref. to לחם הקלקל, Num. XXI, 5) I (the Lord) selected for them light food …, שלא יהא אחד מהם גּוֹסֶה ודלריא אחזתו lest one of them should eat too much and be seized with diarrhœa; Sifré Deut. 1 Ms. (v. ed. Fr. note 26); Yalk. Num. 764 גוטי (corr. acc.); ib. Deut. 790 גוסרודליא (read גוס׳ ודולריא); ib. Is. 332 גוטס (corr. acc.); Lam. R. to III, 37 גּוֹסֵא. to feel inflated, nauseous; to belch. Nidd. 63ᵇ (among the symptoms of approaching menstruation) וגוֹסָה.—V. גּוֹסִי. ↗ expanded
גַּסּוּת (גַּס III) (with or without רוח) presumptuousness. Succ. 29ᵇ. Kidd. 49ᵇ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גַּסּוּתָא Targ. Ps. X, 2. Ib. CI, 5 גסות עיינין haughty look; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גַּסְטְרָא (castra, v. קַסְטְרָא) military camp, fort. Sabb. 121ᵃ אנשי ג׳ של וכ׳ Ar. (ed. גיסט׳, גיסת׳, גיזט׳, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 1) the Roman garrison of Sepphoris. Ber. 32ᵇ (Ms. M. גיסט׳, Yalk. Is. 332 גסתרא) ועל כל לגיון ולגיון בראתי בו שלשים ג׳ וכ׳ Ms. M. (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) for each legion (of minor planets in the constellations) I created thirty camps, and for each camp thirty squares, v. קרטון.—Sot. 13ᵇ sq. שלחה מלכות הרשעה אצל ג׳ בית וכ׳ the Roman government sent to the camp of Beth Peor; (Yalk. Deut. end גיס׳; Pesik. Zutr. Deut. p. 134 מלכות של חצרה ושל בית וכ׳).—Hence: pr. n. pl. Castra. Lev. R. s. 23 כגון ג׳ לחיפא as Castra is hostile to Haifa; Lam. R. to I, 17 קסטרא.—Pl. גַּסְטְרָיוֹת. Gen. R. s. 28 אריות ג׳; Yalk. ib. 47 חיילות גי׳, read אהליות וג׳, v. אָהֳלִית.— (cmp. castellum) reservoir. Lev. R. s. 15 Ar., Var. קִנְצְטְרָא (cisterna, κινστέρνα) cistern (not extant in ed; B. Bath. 16ᵃ דָּפוּס). ↗ expanded
גְּסַס (v. גּוּס II; cmp. גִּיסָא III) to recline, to dine. Y. Snh. III, 21ᶜ top אשגח למֵיגוֹס גו וכ׳ cared to remain undisturbed at a banquet among the guests. Esth. R. to I, 8 דבעי מֵיגַס וכ׳ where one wants first to dine and then to drink. Lev. R. s. 28 why dost thou not allow the guests דיִגְסוּן to eat? Koh. R. to II, 17; a. fr.—Denom. מַגָּס, מְגִיסְתָּא &c. ↗ expanded
גֶּסֶס , pl. גְּסָסִים (v. preced. a. גִּיסְסָא) side, arm. Nidd. 48ᵇ על גִּסְסֵיהֶן upon their (left) arms. ↗ expanded
געא , Koh. R. to XI, 1 לבי געא וגנזי, read לבי גִנְזֵי or לבי גַּזָּא. ↗ expanded
גִּעְגּוּעַ , m., pl. גִּעְגּוּעִים, גִּעְגּוּעִין, גִּי׳ (reduplic. of געי) lowing, roaring; trnsf. homesickness, longing (as the cow lows after her calf). Sabb. 66ᵇ בן שיש לו גיע׳ וכ׳ Ms. M. (ed. omit לו) a son who is homesick for his father. Snh. 39ᵃ. Ib. 63ᵇ sulky, rebellious conduct, howling (of children). Tanḥ. Shmoth 1; Ex. R. s. 1, beg. שהיו לו ג׳ על אברהם וכ׳ who behaved rebelliously against his father. ↗ expanded
גִּעְגֵּעַ (= עגעג, cmp. קעקע) to roll. Hithpa.הִתְגַּעְגֵּע, הִגַּ׳to roll one’s self. Cant. R. to IV, 11 מִתְגַּעְגְּעִין היו וכ׳ they would roll themselves in the plants around the well (to make their garments flagrant); (Pesik. B’hall. p. 92ᵇ; Yalk. Deut. 850 מתלכלכין); Midr. Till. to Ps. XXIII מִגַּעְגְּעִין; Yalk. Ps. 691; (Deut. R. s. 7, end מתענגין).—Lev. R. s. 20, v. next w.↗ expanded
גַּעְגַּע , Ithpa.אִתְגַּעְגַּע, אִיגַּעְגַּע ch. same, to roll one’s self, wallow. Lam. R. to II, 2 as long as that hen מִתְגַּעְגְּעָא בקיטמא wallows in the ashes (as Israel lives in its religious element). Koh. R. to XI, 1 מנין מְגַעְגְּעִין בדמא clothes rolled in blood (suspicious of murder).—Tanḥ. Aḥaré 3 (ref. to Job XXXIX, 30) חמי אפרוחיו מגעגעין בדם וכ׳ he sees his brood wallowing in blood (Aaron sees his sons dead), and is silent; Lev. R. s. 20 ראה … באַדְמָא Ar. (ed. באדמה); Pesik. Aḥaré p. 171ᵇ מְעַגְעֲגִין באדמה (Ms. Carmoli מגעגעין באדמא). [Targ. I, II Gen. XLIX, 11 מעגעגין באדמא.]—Trnsf. to enjoy one’s self, play. Targ. Ps. CXIX, 117 ואִיגַּעְגַּע Ms. (ed. וַאֲגַעְגַּע, h. text שעשע). ↗ expanded
געיto burst forth, to roar, low. Midr. Till. to Ps. CXXXVII, beg., a. e. גָּעוּ וכ׳, v. בְּכִיָּה.—Gen. R. s. 31, end וגָעַת אמו and the whelp’s mother roared. Yalk. Gen. 101 ג׳ געייה וכ׳ cried loudly. Ḥull. 38ᵃ top גֹּועָה if the animal lows (when taken to slaughter). Tosef. Bekh. VII, 10 גֹּועוֹת. Y. Taan. II, beg. 65ᵃ חָשְׁבִנוּ כאלו גוֹעִים וכ׳ regard us as if we were lowing before thee (in agony) like cattle; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גְּעִי Targ. I Sam. VI, 12. [Ib. II, 5 וגען some ed., corr. וגָאָן, v. גאי]. Targ. Job VI, 5, v. גִּיחַ.—Y. Taan. II, 65ᵇ והוו אילין גּעֲיֵי וכ׳ and they lowed from this side &c.; Pesik. Shubah, p. 161ᵃ מְגַעֲיִין. Y. Ber. II, 5ᵃ top גָּעַת תורתיה his cow lowed; Lam. R. to I, 16, end. Pa. גַּעֵיsame, v. supra. ↗ expanded
גְּעִיָּיה (preced.) roaring, crying in agony. Yalk. Gen. 101, v. געי. Tana d’be El. I, ch. III בכו וגעו ג׳ אחת they wept and burst forth in one loud cry of agony. ↗ expanded
גְּעִילָה (next w.) loathing, rejection. Lam. R. to V, 20; Pesik. R. s. 31; Yalk. Is. 332. ↗ expanded
גָּעַלto be covered with impurity, be loathsome; to loathe. V. preced.Hif. הִגְעִילto remove impurity by means of hot water, to cleanse. Ab. Zar. V, 12 את שדרכו להַגְעִיל יַגְעִיל a vessel which ordinarily is cleansed with hot water, must be purified for ritual purposes by means of hot water. Ib. 76ᵃ כיצד מַגְעִילָן וכ׳ how must one disinfect them? You put a smaller vessel into a larger one &c.; a. fr.—Y. Ter. XI, 48ᵃ מַגְעִילָהּ בחמין removes the soakings of T’rumah &c. [Y. Maasr. I, end, 49ᵇ שיגעיל, read משיעגל, v. עָגַל.] V. הַגְעָלָה. Nif. נִגְעַלto be removed through boiling. Y. Ter. l. c. Nithpa. נִתְגָּעַלto be soiled. Zeb. 88ᵃ ↗ expanded
גְּעַלIthpa.אִתְגָּעַל, Ithpe.אִתְגְּעַל, אִיגְּעַלto be polluted, soiled. Targ. Is. I, 6.—Part. pass. Af.מַגְעַל. Ib. VI, 5; XXVIII, 8. ↗ expanded
גְּעַרto shout, to rebuke. Targ. Zech. III, 2 ed. Lag. (ed. יְזֵיף).—Kidd. 81ᵇ רחמנא נִגְעַר ביה וכ׳ the Lord rebuke Satan. Gen. R. s. 56 ההוא גברא דיִגְעַר ביה that man of whom it is said, Rebuke him (Satan; with ref. to Zech. l. c.). ↗ expanded
גָּעַשׁ (b. h.) to rush forth, to quake, be agitated. Yalk. Josh. 35 (cit. fr. Sabb. 105ᵇ, ref. to הר געש Josh. XXIV, 30) מלמד שג׳ עליהם ההר להרגם it intimates that the mountain over them quaked (threatening) to slay them; Sabb. l. c. שרגש. Cant. R. to III, 10 ג׳ הים וכ׳ the sea rushed forth and flooded the cave. to cough or sneeze. Lev. R. s. 3 ג׳ השור וכ׳. Hif. הִגְעִישׁto shake, cause to reel. Koh. R. to VII, 1 להרעיש וגם להַגְעִישׁ וכ׳ to shake and even make reel the mountain &c., v. supra. Hithpa. הִתְגָּעַשׁ, , Nithpa. נִתְגָּעַשׁto be agitated, very busy, anxious. Ruth R., introd. 2 נִתְגָּעֲשׁוּ … מעשות ג"ח וכ׳ the Israelites were too much engrossed (in settling) to attend the funeral of Joshua; Koh. R. l. c.—Pesik. R. addit. s. 2 (ref. to יגעשו, Job XXXIV, 20) מִתְגָּעֲשִׁים וכ׳ marched hurriedly to get out &c. ↗ expanded
גַּעְתּוֹןGaton (Ġatan; v. Hildesh. Beitr. p. 13 sq.). Y. Shebi. VII, 36ᶜ ראש מי ג׳ וג׳ עצמה the head of the brook of G. and G. itself; Tosef. Shebi. IV, 11 ריש מיא דג׳ וג׳ גרמא Var. (ed. ריש מעון רגעתן וכ׳, corr. acc.); Sifré Deut. 51 מגיאתו וגיא׳ עצמה (read מי ג׳ וג׳); Yalk. ib. 874. ↗ expanded
גַּף 1 , v. גּוּף) body. בְּגַפּוֹalone; explained Kidd. 20ᵃ בגופו נכנס בגופו יצא he came with his body, and so he shall go out, i.e. he has no claim for injuries received during servitude; oth. expl. יחידי נכנס וכ׳ if he entered a single man, he must leave a single man, i.e. his master has no right to give him a Canaanite slave for propagating purposes. ↗ expanded
גַּף 2 c. (גנף, cmp. כָּנָף a. כַּף; v. אֲגַף) [bent, joint,] the long portion of the wing. Zeb. VII, 5 שיבש גַּפָּהּ (Talm. ed. 68ᵇ שיבשה, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) whose wing is withered. Ḥull. 57ᵃ שמוטת גף a bird whose wing is dislocated.—Du.גַּפַּיִּם, גַּפַּיִּים. Ib. III, 4 נשתברו גַּפֶּיהָ whose wings are broken, contrad. to כנפ׳ wing feathers. arms, shoulders of a human being. Ohol. VII, 4 ניטלת בג׳ carried by her arms (put around the necks of her supporters); v. אֲגַף. handles of a vessel, sides &c. Kel. VIII, 3. Tosef. Kel. B. Mets. X, 5; a. e.—V. גֵּיף. ↗ expanded
גַּפָּא 1wing, also winged animal (interch. with גַּדְפָא). Targ. Prov. I, 17; a. fr.—Cant. R. to IV, 8 דמנערא גפא (Gen. R. s. 75 גרמה, Var. אגפה), v. גֵּו.—Pl. גַּפִּין, גַּפַּיָּא, גַּפֵּי. Targ. Koh. X, 20. Targ. Ez. I, 6; a. fr.—Lam. R. to I, 1 רבתי beg.— a pole with a hook for cutting off fruits on high trees; [oth. opin. a ladder hooked into the tree.] Ned. 89ᵇ (a proverbial phrase) רהיט בג׳ ותובלייא he ran with hook and ropes (or baskets); i.e. he tried his utmost. ↗ expanded
גַּפָּה f. (גַּפָּא m. ch.) (v. preced.) stone fence with gate. Peah VI, 2 סמוך לג׳ ולגדיש (Ms. M. לגפא ולגדר, Ar. לגפא) near the stone fence (ready for being carried out) or the stack; Eduy. IV, 4. Kil. II, 8 (Ms. M. … א). B. Mets. II, 3. ג׳ של רומי (Ch. the Capitol of Rome. Sifré Num. 115 ג׳ של ר׳ (Var. גפי) by the Capitol of Rome (an invocation used by a gentile woman). Men. 44ᵃ ג׳ של פרס (read רומי, Ar. גפא דרומי). Pes. 87ᵇ ג׳ דרומאי ed. (Ms. M. דרומי, omitted in some ed.). ↗ expanded
גֶּפֶן c. (b. h. , v. גפף) vine, esp. grape-vine. Kil. VII, 2; a. fr.—פרי הג׳ wine. Ber. VI, 1; a. fr.—צֶמֶר ג׳ cotton, cotton tree, v. גּוּפְנָא. Kil. l. c.—Pl. גְּפָנִים. Ib.; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גָּפַס (v. גפף) to make air-tight, to paste with gypsum, clay &c. Kel. X, 5 שגְּפָסָן עם וכ׳ Ar. a. R. H. G. (ed. שגְּפָתָן); Tosef. Kel. B. Kam. VII, 7 שגפסן (Var. שגפת׳, R. S. to Kel. l. c. שגְּפָפָן) which one closed up by connecting the paste with the rim (leaving an empty space between the cover and the body of the vessel). Nif. נִגְפַּסto harden and be closely consolidated with the ground. Mikv. IV, 3 Ar., Maim. a. Rabad (v. Tos’f. Yom Tob a. l.; ed. נכבש). ↗ expanded
גִּפְסִים (preced.; cmp. גֶּפֶת) paste, plaster, esp. gypsum. Kel. X, 2 we must use בסיד בג׳ וכ׳ lime or gypsum &c. Y. M. Kat. I, 80ᵇ bot. גיבסם; Y. Shebi. III, 34ᶜ bot. גִּיפְסוֹס, v. infra. Tosef. Kel. B. Kam. III, 4 גִּפְסִית ed. Zuck. (oth. ed. גִּפְסִיס). Ḥull. 8ᵃ גפסית רותח; Pes. 75ᵇ גפסיס רותח, Ar. גפסים רותחין. Tosef. Mikv. IV, 7 גפסים; a. fr. [Greek adoption: γύψος, readopted גִּיפְסוֹס, גִּיבְסוֹס.] ↗ expanded
גָּפַף (v. גּוּף) to bend, to join; to press, close; v. גָּפַס. Pi. גִּיפֵּףto attach a rim, to surround. Kel. XV, 2. to throw arms around, embrace (v. גַּף). Yoma 66ᵇ גי׳ ונשק Ar. (ed. גפף ונישק) whosoever embraces or kisses an idol; Snh. VII, 6 (60ᵇ) המְגַפֵּף.—Pesik. R. s. 26 גִיפְּפָן וכ׳ he hugged and kissed them. Ib. מְגַפְּפוֹת את וכ׳ threw their arms around the columns.—Y. Keth. VII, 31ᶜ מְגַפְּפִין סוטה if they have been seen embracing one another, she is amenable to the law of Sotah (v. סוֹטָה); a. fr.—Part. pass. מְגוּפָּףclosed, enclosed, surrounded from all sides. Y. Kil. IV, 29ᵇ bot.; Y. Erub. I, 19ᶜ מְגוּפֶּפֶת וכ׳ enclosed on four sides; a. fr.—Tosef. Bekh. IV, 16 שאזניה מְגוּפָּפוֹת וכ׳ whose ears are closed. Hif. הֵגֵףto lock up, shut. Y. Sabb. XIII, 14ᵃ bot. [read:] ולא כמֵגֵף לתוכה וכ׳ we are not treating the case of one shutting (the animal) up in the vivarium; (Y. Bets. III, beg. 61ᵈ בנָעַל). ↗ expanded
גְּפַף , to embrace. Y. Erub. III, 20ᵈ bot.; VII, 24ᵈ top נסתיה גְפַפְתֵּיה she took him and hugged and kissed him &c.—Snh. 82ᵇ גַּפְתָה לאמה (Yalk. Num. 372 גפתא) did she hug her mother there? [Rashi: she made her mother a prostitute.] Pa. גַּפֵּיף, גָּפֵיףto embrace. Targ. O. Gen. XXIX, 13 גָ׳ (Ms. a. Y. some ed. גַּפֵּ׳). Ib. XXXIII, 4; a. fr. to fold hands (in idleness). Targ. Koh. IV, 5. ↗ expanded
גָּפַר (v. גפף) to make thick, tighten. Denom. גָּפְרִית; fr. which Pi. גִּיפֵּרto make water-tight. Part. pass. מְגוּפָּר, f. מְגוּפֶּרֶתwater-tight. B. Bath. 97ᵇ; Tosef. ib. VI, 3 מְגוּפָּרוֹת (defective clay vessels) made tight by a lining of sulphur or pitch. Hithpa. הִתְגַּפֵּרto be darkened through sulphur fumes. Sabb. 18ᵃ; Y. ib. I, 4ᵃ top; Tosef. ib. I, 23 מִתְגַּפְּרִין they (the silver vessels) go through the process of sulphuring. ↗ expanded
גְּפַר , Pa.גַּפֵּר as preced.Pi. Y. Sabb. VII, 10ᶜ top מְגַפֵּר, v. אֶלִּיקָה. ↗ expanded
גָּפְרִיתsulphur [or bitumen, pitch]. Sabb. 18ᵃ, a. e., v. גָּפַר Hithpa. ↗ expanded
גֶּפֶת (גפף) a pressed hard mass, peat, turf. Sabb. IV, 1. Ib. 47ᵇ ג׳ של זתים peat made of olive peels, דשומשמין of poppy seed (after the oil is pressed out). Kel. IX, 5; a. fr.—Ch. גִּיפְתָּא. ↗ expanded
גֵּץ (גהץ, v. Targ. Job. XVIII, 5 s. v. גֵּיצָא) [shining,] spark from the forger’s hammer. B. Kam. VI, 6 (62ᵇ); B. Bath. 26ᵃ; Sabb. 21ᵇ. Gen. R. s. 84; Tanḥ. Vayesheb 1. (cmp. Arab. גֹץ ّ gypsum) ג׳ יוניa white earth, chalk; a cross-path laid out with whitened pegs of baked mud or clay (= יתדות הדרכים). Mikv. IX, 2 ג׳ י׳ the lime of the crossings sticking to the feet or clothes; cmp. Tosef. ib. VI (VII), 14. ↗ expanded
ג"ר , a transmutation of letters, v. א"ת. Sabb. 104ᵃ גוֹפו טימא ארׄחם עליו though he defiled his body, I shall have mercy &c. Ib. ג"ר ד"ק: אם … גׄורׄ בדׄוקׄ (Ar. גֵֹּרׄ בדׄוקׄ תהיה) if thou doest so (be chaste), dwell thou in heaven (a dweller … shalt thou be). ↗ expanded
גֵּרa dweller. Sabb. 104ᵃ, v. preced.a stranger. Tanḥ. Vayigg. 4 גרא שנעשה ג׳ he is named Gera, because he (Joseph) became a stranger, v. גּוּר.—Esp. a proselyte, convert to Judaism. Yeb. 46ᵇ; Ber. 47ᵇ לעולם אינו ג׳ וכ׳ one is not a proselyte until he has been &c. Yeb. l. c.; Kidd. 62ᵇ ג׳ צריך שלשה a proselyte requires a court of three for making declaration and immersion. Kerith. II, 1 ג׳ מחוסר כפרה a proselyte who has not yet offered a sacrifice in the Temple; a. v. fr.—ג׳ צֶדֶק a full, true proselyte, ג׳ תֹּושָׁב one who, for the sake of acquiring limited citizenship in Palestine, renounces idolatry. Snh. 96ᵇ; Gitt. 57ᵇ; a. fr.—ג׳ שקר an insincere proselyte (from impure motives). Y. B. Mets. V, 10ᶜ.—Pl. גֵּרִים, constr. גֵּרֵי, גֵּירֵי.—ג׳ גרורים self-made converts, not formally admitted. Ab. Zar. 3ᵇ; 24ᵃ; a. e.—גרי אריות lion-proselytes, i.e. proselytes from mere fear (with ref. to II Kings XVII, 25 sq.). Ḥull. 3ᵇ, opp. גרי אמת. Kidd. 75ᵇ; Snh. 85ᵇ; a. fr.—גרי חלומות proselytes converted by the advice of a dreamer or an interpreter of dreams; גרי מרדכי ואסתר such as joined the Jewish ranks from motives like those prevalent in the days of Mordecai and Esther (Esth. VIII, 17). Yeb. 24ᵇ.—Nidd. VII, 3 (56ᵇ) גרים טועין Ar. (ed. וטועין) proselytes not living in accordance with the Jewish usages.—בן גרים a descendant of proselytes. B. Mets. IV, 10 (58ᵇ).—Sabb. 33ᵇ יהודה בן ג׳. [Mode of admission, v. Yeb. 47ᵃ.—Views about converts, v. Num. R. s. 8; Nidd. 13ᵇ; Pes. 87ᵇ; a. fr.]. Fem. גֵּרָה. Gen. R. s. 88, end.—Usu. גִּיֹּורֶת. Keth. IV, 3; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גְּרָאפָא (גרף) a dish prepared on the hot oven plate after the removal of the coal. Esth. R. to I, 4 טלופחין דג׳ lentil cakes baked in the clean oven, contrad. to דטמאשא baked in the ashes. ↗ expanded
גָּרֵבGareb, near Shiloh, supposed to have been the seat of the Image of Micah (Jud. XVII, 7 sq.). Snh. 103ᵇ ↗ expanded
גְּרַב (cmp. גרף) to scrape, v. next ws.to rob, seize, levy. Sabb. 148ᵃ זיל גַּרְבֵיה go and seize him (take his coat until he appears). Ib. לא בדינא גְרַבְתִּיךְ was I not right in summoning thee? Ḥag. 5ᵇ גַּרְבוּהוּ they (the royal officers) seized his property. Gitt. 45ᵃ משום דלא לִיגַרְבוּ וכ׳ in order that robbers should not be tempted to kidnap persons and then offer them for ransom. Ib. 46ᵇ גרבי להו seized them (for debts). Ithpe. אִיגְּרַבto be robbed. Y. B. Mets. IV, 9ᵈ אִיגַּרְבַת thou hast been robbed of one Denar. ↗ expanded
גָּרָב 1 (preced.) the quantity collected on emptying the wine or oil press (v. next w.); in gen. bottle, keg as a measure. Ter. X, 8 וכל ג׳ וכ׳ Ms. (ed. כל) and one measured the keg and it contained (as usual) two S’ah.—Pl. גְּרָבִים, constr. גַּרְבֵי. Sabb. 13ᵇ; a. e. three hundred ג׳ שמןgarab of oil. Bets. 29ᵃ ↗ expanded
גְּרַב ² , bottle. Targ. Jer. XIII, 12; Targ. I Sam. I, 24 (h. text נֵבֶל). Ib. XVI, 20 (h. text נֹאד); a. e.—[B. Mets. 15ᵇ, v. גְּרִיוָא.]—Pl. גַּרְבִין. Targ. I Sam. XXV, 18. Targ. Hag. II, 16 (h. text פורה, quantity pressed at a time). Targ. Joel I, 17 (h. text פרדות!). ↗ expanded
גָּרָב Targ. Y. II, Lev. XXI, 20 (Y. I חרסין יבשין, v. Bekh. 41ᵃ). Targ. Deut. XXVIII, 27.—Denom. גַּרְבָּןone affected with itch. Targ. O. Lev. l. c. ↗ expanded
גָּרְבָא (גרב) plundering troop. Ber. 60ᵇ bot. אתא ג׳ וגרביה למתא Ar. (ed. גייסא שבייה) a troop came by night and carried the inhabitants off. ↗ expanded
גַּרְבִּיתָא (גרב) the scouring or sweeping (wind); רוחא ג׳ North-wind. Targ. Prov. XXV, 23 (h. text צפון). Ib. XXVII, 16 גַּרְבַּיְתָא, גַּרְבַּיְי׳ (h. text צֹפְנֶיהָ צָפַן!). ↗ expanded
גְּרַבְתָּא (euphem. transpos. of גברתא, v. גֶּבֶר 3) abnormal length of the membrum virile. Bekh. 44ᵇ, v. next w.↗ expanded
גְּרַבְתָּן (v. preced.) one having an abnormally long membrum (one of the blemishes unfitting for priestly service). Bekh. 44ᵇ הג׳ זה בעל קיק (for Mish. בעל גבר). Ib. בעל קיק בביצים ג׳ בגיד Ar. baal kik refers to the testicles, g’rabtan to the membrum (ed. קיין … גרבתא וכ׳, v. preced.). ↗ expanded
גְּרַג , Pa.גָּרֵיג (= גרגר) to be rough, to roughen, whence to incite, stir up. Targ. Prov. X, 12; XXIX, 22 (h. text ערר, גרה). Ib. VI, 3 גָּרֵג הכיל חברך ed. Lag. (Var. הביל, חביל) stir up, now, thy friend (for whom thou hast vouched), v. Peshittô a. Syr. Hexapla. to be excited, impatient. Targ. Ps. XXXVII, 1; 7; 8 (Ms. תִּגְרַג Pe., h. text תתחר). (v. P. Sm. 773, s. v. גרג 2, cmp. גַּרְגּוּתְנִי, אֲרוּכָה II) to cover with scurf, heal up. Targ. Job XXX, 24 יְגָרֵג מחתיה he will heal up the wound he has inflicted. ↗ expanded
גַּרגּוּתָא (= גלגליתא, v. גַּלְגְּלָא, cmp. גַּרְגַּר) wheel-work, well for irrigating fields. Ber. 58ᵃ; B. Bath. 91ᵇ (prov.) אפי׳ ריש ג׳ וכ׳ (Ber. ed. גרגי׳, Ms. M. גדגיד׳, corr. acc., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) even a superintendent of the well (cmp. בַּיָּיר) is appointed in heaven. B. Kam. 27ᵇ. B. Mets. 103ᵃ if one says, ‘Lend me ההיא ג׳ the use of this well’, he may restore &c.; בי ג׳ ‘a place (in the field) for a well’,—he may go on digging wells until he strikes one that suits him. B. Bath. 56ᵃ.—Pl. גַּרְגּוּתֵי. B. Mets. l. c. ↗ expanded
גַּרְגּוּתְנִי (גַּרְגַּתְנִי Ar.) f. (v. גּוּרְגָּא) a wicker or net work in the wine or oil press. Ab. Zar. 56ᵇ החזיר ג׳ לגת if he placed the net (once used) back into the vat. Ḥag. 22ᵇ גורג׳ some ed.; Tosef. ib. III, 4. Lev. R. s. 22 he gathered the vessels of the Temple ונתנן לתוך ג׳ and placed them in a net; Gitt. 56ᵇ he took the curtain ועשאו כמין ג׳ and shaped it like &c. Tosef. Kel. B. Mets. VI, 5. (from its shrivelled surface) the scarry and lifeless surface of a healed up wound, eschar. B. Kam. 85ᵃ העלתה מכתו ג׳ if, through neglect of medical advice, the wound became scabby; Y. ib. 6ᵇ bot. [read:] עלתה בו ג׳. ↗ expanded
גִּרְגֵּר (denom. of (denom. of גָּרוֹן, גַּרְגֶּרֶת) to pour down the throat, opp. שתה to set the lips to the vessel. Par. IX, 4; Tosef. ib. IX (VIII), 6.—*Gitt. 89ᵃ גִּירְגְּרָה בשוק if she quaffs outdoors; [Rashi: walks with outstretched neck (גָּרוֹן)]. denom. of גַּרְגַּר) to pick single berries. Maasr. II, 6 מְגַרְגֵּר ואוכל he may pick grapes (from the hanging cluster) and eat; ib. III, 9; Y. ib. II, 50ᵃ top. (denom. of גְּרוֹגֶרֶת) to let the olive shrivel (on the tree or in the sun on the roof), to mark out for shrivelling. Ex. R. s. 36 that olive—while it is yet on its tree, מְגַרְגְּרִין אותו they mark it out for shrivelling (in order to use it for the press). Men. VIII, 4 מְגַרְגְּרוֹ בראש הזית he lets it shrivel on the top of the olive tree; מג׳ בראש הגג in the sun on the roof; [for oth. opin. v. Rashi a. l.].—Ib. 86ᵃ מְגרְגְּרוֹ תנן או מְגַלְגְּלוֹ תנן does it read m’garg’ro (he lets it shrivel) or m’galg’lo (he lets it hang until it is fully rounded)? ↗ expanded
גַּרְגֵּר (v. preced.) to grow berries, to ripen into full berries.—Part. pass. מְגַרְגַּר. Targ. Ps. I, 3 ed. Lag. (some ed. סגרגר). ↗ expanded
גַּרְגַּר (b. h.; berry, grain, heap (of pebbles). Peah VII, 4 ג׳ יחידי single berries (not growing in bunches). Shebi. III, 7 (Bart. גרגיר) a heap of pebbles.—Tosef. Sabb. II, 8 גרגיר של מלח a globule of salt. Sabb. VI, 5 בפלפל בגרגיר מלח (Y. ed. גרגר, Bab. ed. 64ᵇ, 65ᵃ גלגל, Ms. O. גרגר).—Pl. גַּרְגְּרִים, גַּרְגְּרִין. Peah VI, 5; a. e. (= גְּרוֹגֶרֶת) the shrivelled olive. Pl. as above. Men. VIII, 3 (85ᵇ), v. גִּרְגֵּר.—[ rocket, v. גַּרְגִּיר.] ↗ expanded
גַּרְגְּרָאberry.—Pl. גַּרְגְּרִין. Targ. Is. XVII, 6.—Targ. Y. I Deut. XXXII, 14 גַּרְגִּירֵי חיטיהון their wheat grains.—[ rocket, v. גַּרְגִּירָא.] ↗ expanded
גַּרְגַּרְיָין (גרר, v. next w.) wheel-works of a well. Targ. II Esth. I, 2 (3) ג׳ דאע wooden wheel-works. ↗ expanded
גַּרְגְּרָן (v. גַּרְגֶּרֶת) glutton, bibber. Y. Ber. VI, 10ᶜ top, v. גַּרְגְּרָנוּת. Pes. 86ᵇ; a. fr.—Nidd. X, 8 (of one unable to control his sexual appetite).—Pl. גַּרְגְּרָנִין. Yoma 39ᵃ bot., opp. צנועין.—Fem. גַּרְגְּרָנִית. Pl. גַּרְגְּרָנִיֹּות (unable to resist tasting temptation). Gen. R. s. 45; Deut. R. s. 6 (ref. to Gen. III, 6). ↗ expanded
גַּרְגְּרָן ² Targ. Y. Deut. XXI, 20.—Pl. גַּרְגְּרָנֵי. Keth. 60ᵇ Ar. Var. (ed. גירדני, v. גַּרְדָּנָא).—Fem. גַּרְגְּרָנִיתָא. Targ. Lam. I, 11 (h. text זוללה). ↗ expanded
גַּרְגְּרָנוּת (preced.) greed. Y. Ber. VI, 10ᶜ top לא לזה גורגרן … בגַרְגְּרָנוּתוֹ וכ׳ not this greedy man must be laughed at, but thou, the sneerer; he acted hastily in his greed &c. ↗ expanded
גַּרְגֶּרֶת pl. גַּרְגְּרוֹתneck;גרגר; v. גָּרַר, throat, gullet; (in ritual law) wind-pipe, trachea. Koh. R. to XII, 6; Lev. R. s. 18, v. גָּלָה Hif.—Ex. R. s. 24 the Lord created for man מעין בתוך גַּרְגַּרְתֹּו a well (mucous membranes) in the trachea. Ḥull. II, 4 פסק את הג׳ he tore open (instead of cutting) the trachea. Ib. III, 3 פסוקת הג׳ an animal with a split between the rings of the wind-pipe. ↗ expanded
גַּרְגִּשְׁתָּא (= גשגש׳; גשש) = h. גּוּשׁ, clod, lump of earth. Targ. Ps. XVIII, 43. Targ. Job VII, 5 (h. text גוש). Targ. Y. Gen. I, 24; a. fr.—Pl. גַּרְגְּשָׁתָא, גַּרְגִּישָׁ׳. Targ. Job XXI, 33; XXXVIII, 38 (h. text רגבים). a certain reddish clay, used also as medicine. B. Mets. 40ᵃ משום ג׳ the difference of opinion as regards leakage (v. בֶּלַע) arises from the different qualities of the clay used for the vessels. Nidd. 20ᵃ bot. broke apart קורטא דג׳ a piece of potter’s clay. Keth. 60ᵇ דאכלה גרגוש׳ a woman who eats gargushta (as an astringent or in place of a cosmetic; v. Sm. Ant. s. v. Creta). Ab. Zar. 38ᵇ ↗ expanded
גָּרַד v. גרר) to scratch, scrape, comb. Sabb. VIII, 6 (81ᵃ) לִגְרוֹד Ar. a. ed. Y.; a. fr. [Editions a. Mss. mostly גָּרַר q. v.]—Part. pass. גָּרוּדstripped, v. גַּרְדּוּם. (denom. of גֶּרֶד 2) to cut the web with its fringes off the loom. Yoma 72ᵇ (expl. בגדי השרד Ex. XXXV, 19) בגדים שגֹּורְדִין אותן כברייתן מכליהן וכ׳ webs which they cut off the looms in their needed shape (so as to require no tailoring), leaving a small portion of the unwoven threads. ↗ expanded
גְּרַדto scrape, comb, strip; trnsf. to chastise. Targ. Jud. VIII, 16 וגרד Regia (ed. Lag. גרר, oth. ed. תבר; h. text וַיֹּדַע).—Naz. 4ᵇ, v. גְּרִי.—Part. pass. גְּרִיד. Sabb. 109ᵇ דגְרִידָא מעילאי וכ׳ which has been stripped of its rind from the top downward. to rub, create friction (of sexual connection).—Part. גָּרֵיד. Yeb. 75ᵇ.—[ to stimulate the appetite. Ber. 35ᵇ, a. fr. Ar. (ed. a. Ms. mostly גְּרַר).] [Ithpa., v. גְּרַר.] V. גרע, גרר. ↗ expanded
גֶּרֶד (גרד) erasure. Men. 30ᵇ Ar. (ed. גֶּרֶר). that which is combed, fringe.—Pl. גְּרָדִין. Ib. 42ᵇ; Succ. 9ᵃ ↗ expanded
גַּרְדָּאcombing; ג׳ דסרבלא the removal of the woolly surface of a thick cloth. B. Kam. 99ᵃ; B. Mets. 112ᵃ.—M. Kat. 23ᵃ went out בג׳ דס׳ (Ms. M. 2 בגררא) in a fresh scraped and smoothed cloak. fringe, thread. Sabb. 134ᵃ דילמא מידביק ג׳ מיניה (Var. מדביקא גרדתא, v. Rashi a. l.) lest a thread of it stick to the membrum.—Pl. גַּרְדַּיָּא, גַּרְדֵּי, גַּרְדִּין. Targ. Y. Num. XV, 38 (ref. to Men. 42ᵇ).—Bekh. 8ᵇ כרוכו לי ג׳ מיניה וכ׳ twist for me threads pulled out of it, and I will sew it. Men. 31ᵇ. [גַּרְדָּא or גְּרָדָאscraping, v. גִּירְדָּא.—גְּרָדָא cud, v. גְּרָרָא I.] ↗ expanded
גַּרְדּוּם (גרדם) a stump. Ruth R. s. 1 end וילך איש ג׳ ‘and a man went’ (Ruth I, 1)—a stump, i.e. without any description as to what he took with him (opp. to the description of the return to Palestine, Ezra II, 66); [Yalk. Ezra 1067 גָּדוּד, v. גָּדַד; ib. Ruth 598 גָּרוּד stripped, alone, cmp. גְּרֵירָא.]—Pl. גַּרְדּוּמִין, constr. גַּרְדּוּמֵי. Tosef. Par. XII (XI), 2 ג׳ אזוב stumped stalks of hyssop; ג׳ ציצית (not ניצית); Men. 38ᵇ ג׳ תבלת remnant of the tsitsith. Sifré Num. 115 שיריה וגַרְדּוּמֶיהָ what is left of it or the stump of it; Men. 39ᵃ שיריו וגַרְדּוּמָיו, expl. ibid. דבעינן שירא לגרדומיו a small remnant of the threads must remain on the stumps; a. e. ↗ expanded
גַּרְדֹּום (גרד, cmp. Targ. Jud. VIII, 6 s. v. גְּרַד; cmp. סָרַק) place of torture and execution, (Roman) executioner’s scaffold, gallows. Sabb. 32ᵃ העולה לג׳ לידון he who ascends the scaffold to be punished. Ab. Zar. I, 7 בסילקי ג׳ וכ׳ a basilica, a scaffold &c., interpreted ib. 16ᵇ בס׳ של ג׳ a basilica for tortures, executions &c., i.e. a basilica for holding court. Pesik. Shimu, p. 118ᵇ תלאו בגרדון ordered him to be suspended on the gallows (for torture); Y. Taan. IV, 69ᵇ top תְּלָיָין בג׳ (cmp. Gitt. 57ᵇ, a. e. מסריקנא וכ׳). Tosef. Kel. B. Mets. X, end והגרדין טהור ed. Zuck. (ed. ברדין; corr. acc.) the torturer’s block is not affected by levitical impurity. ↗ expanded
גַּרְדּוּמָא —Pl. גַּרְדּוּמֵי. Bekh. 44ᵃ אשתיור ג׳ roots of the eyebrows remained visible.—Gen. R. s. 33, v. גַּרְזִימִי. ↗ expanded
גַּרְדִּי (גרד) wool-dresser, in gen. common weaver, diff. fr. טַרְסִי. [Our w. adopted in Greek a. Latin γέρδιος, gerdius.] B. Bath. 21ᵃ one of the inmates of a court הרוצה לעשות … ג׳ that wants to open a business as … weaver. Kel. XII, 4 מסמר הג׳ the weaver’s pin (of the shuttle). Sabb. 93ᵇ קנה של ג׳ the weaver’s cane (quill); Y. ib. X, 12ᶜ bot. גיר׳; a. fr.—Pl. גַּרְדִּיִּים, גַּרְדִּין. Kidd. 82ᵃ; Tosef. ib. V, 14. Eduy. I, 3; Sab. 15ᵃ.—Kil. IX, 10 גרדין, v. אוֹת II.—[ (= גַּדְרִי) of Gadara, v. אַבְנִימוֹס.] ↗ expanded
גַּרְדַּי Targ. Y. Ex. XXXIX, 22; a. e.—Koh. R. to IX, 10 חד גַּרְדַּיי (some ed. גרדייא, corr. acc.); Y. Kil. IX, 32ᵇ bot.; Y. Keth. XII, 35ᵃ bot. גדליי (corr. acc.)—Pl. גַּרְדָּאִין, גַּרְדָּאֵי, גִּירְ׳. Targ. Jud. XVI, 14 (some ed. גדרסן, corr. acc.). Targ. Is. XXXVIII, 12 (v. גִּידּוּדָא); a. e.—Y. Ab. Zar. I, 39ᶜ bot. גירדאי.—Yoma 20ᵇ, v. אַבּוּב. Sabb. 151ᵇ, v. אַכְסָן. ↗ expanded
גַּרְדִּיתָא (גרד) web or thread. Targ. Job VII, 6 גרדית מחי (Ms. גַרְדָּיַית pl.; h. text ארג) the weaver’s thread. ↗ expanded
גַּרְדֵּם (Parel of גדם) to cut off, to lop.—Ithpa. אִיגַּרְדֵּםto be lopped. Men. 38ᵇ איג׳ תכלת וכ׳ if the blue fringe has been lopped off, but the white remains &c. Ib. 39ᵃ גרדומין דאִיגַּרְדּוּם אִיגַּרְדּוּמֵי does not gardumav intimate that they (the fringes) are entirely cut off (leaving no remnant)? אִיתְגַּרְדִּים, אִיגַּרְדִּים (= גרזם, v. גַּרְזִימִי) to be nibbled at. Targ. Ps. XXXIX, 12 היך עמר דאית׳ (Ms. דאיג׳) like wool nibbled at (by moths; h. text כָּעָשׁ). ↗ expanded
גֵּרָה 1gerah (a grain), name of a coin. Bekh. 50ᵃ the seed of St. John’s bread, v. next w.↗ expanded
גֵּרָה 2 (גרר, v. גִּירָא II) a shoot, stalk (of flax or asparagus). Mekh. Mshp., N’zikin, s. 13 המערב את הג׳ בתלתן (Var. גֵּירָה, גררה) he who mixes (other) stalks among stalks of fenugrec; Yalk. Ex. 343; Tosef. B. Kam. VII, 8 גידה ed. Zuck. (Var. גירה, גורה). [Löw Pfl. p. 317: seed of St. John’s bread among seeds of fenugrec.] ↗ expanded
גֵּרָה 3 (גרר, cmp. גָרוֹן, גַּרְגֶּרֶת) [the rough, cmp. τραχεῖα,] throat, larynx with wind-pipe, lungs and heart. Tam. III, 1. Ib. IV, 3. Yoma II, 7. (b. h.; ground food, cud. מַעֲלֵה ג׳ruminant. Bekh. 6ᵃ; Sifra Sh’mini Par. 2, ch. III; a. e. ↗ expanded
גְּרוֹגְרוֹתG’rog’roth, Bar G’rog’roth, surname of one Judah. Y. Shek. IV, 48ᵃ ר׳ יהודה ג׳ (Bab. ed. גדגדות, גדגדניות, Ms. M. גרוגרות, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l., p. 34, note 20). Yoma 78ᵃ בר ג׳ (Ms. M. בר גרוגרת). ↗ expanded
גְּרוֹגֶרֶת (גרר, v. גֵּרָה III) [the rugged, shrivelled,] the dry fig. Sabb. 80ᵃ; B. Bath. 55ᵇ; Kerith. 17ᵃ גרוגרות (corr. acc.). Lam. R. to I, 11 כג׳ of the size of &c. Y. Naz. II, beg. 51ᵈ people call לג׳ תירוש dry figs, too, tirosh (Tosaf. to Men. 103ᵃ לגרוגרות); a. e.—Pl. גְּרוֹגְרוֹת. Naz. II, 1 if one says, I will be a Nazir abstaining from g’rog’roth, he is a Nazir; Tosef. ib. II, 1; v. כִּינּוּי. Maasr. I, 8; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גָּרוּד (part. pass. of גָּרַד or גָּרֵר) stripped, bare. Yalk. Ruth 598, v. גַּרְדּוּם.—Pl. גְּרוּדִים. Ab. Zar. 33ᵃ גרוד׳ wine jars not lined with pitch; Tosef. ib. IV (V), 10 גְּרוּדִין.—Fem. pl. גְּרוּדוֹת. Y. ib. II, 41ᵇ bot. ↗ expanded
גְּרוּטִי (γρύτη) trash, frippery, broken ware. Kel. XI, 3 a vessel made משברי כלים מן הג׳ Ar. (ed. גרוטים, Bart. גרוטאות) out of fragments of vessels, or out of small ware &c.—Pl. גְּרוּטָאוֹת. Sabb. 123ᵃ זורקה לבין הג׳ (Ms. O. גְּרוּטָאוֹתָיו; R. S. to Kel. l. c. גְּרוּטוֹתָיו) he cast it among the rubbish (considering it no longer a vessel); B. Mets. 52ᵇ בין גרוטותיו (Ms. M. לתוך גריטות׳). Bekh. 13ᵇ; Ab. Zar. 53ᵃ; 71ᵇ; Tosef. ib. V (VI), 3. Tosef. Ḥull. I, 18. ↗ expanded
גְּרוּמֵי (γρυμέα, crumena, v. Lidd. a. Scott s. v.; = γρύτη) trumpery, broken pieces of iron, glassware &c. B. Bath. 89ᵇ top דיגרומי ed. (Ms. M. דגרומני, Ar. בגרמני) scales used for weighing &c. ↗ expanded
גָּרוֹן v. גֵּרָה III) throat, palate. Gen. R. s. 94 להוט אחר גְּרוֹנוֹ anxious to gratify his appetite, to receive sustenance, v. לָהַט. Ber. 36ᵃ, a. e. חשש בגרונו to have a sore throat; a. e. ↗ expanded
גָּרוֹנָא Targ. Is. LVIII, 1; a. e.—Succ. 49ᵇ מגְּרוֹנֵיה שבע he finds satisfaction from his palate, i.e. by taking draughts large enough to gratify his taste. ↗ expanded
גְּרוּנְדָּא (גרד, cmp. גָּרִיד) hard, stony clod.—Pl. גְּרוּנְדֵּי. B. Mets. 80ᵃ ואי דמחזקא בג׳ Ms. M. (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note; ed. דמחזקא גונדרי, corr. acc.) if the field is known for its stony clods. ↗ expanded
גָּרוֹסָה (v. גָּרִיס) grist-maker or dealer. Y. Ber. I, 2ᵈ bot. R. Jacob ג׳. Y. Maas. Sh. IV, 54ᵈ bot. חווי פירין לג׳ showed the produces to a grist-dealer (to value them).—Pl. גָּרוֹסוֹת, גָּרוֹסִים. Men. X, 4; Lev. R. s. 18 רחים של ג׳; Pesik. R. s. 28 גרוסת (corr. acc.) the grist-grinders’ mills; Pesik. Haomer, p. 69ᵃ גריסות (corr. acc.); a. e.—Y. Pes. IV, 30ᵈ top; Y. M. Kat. II, end, 81ᵇ גָּרוֹסֵי צפורין the grist-makers of Sepphoris. ↗ expanded
גְּרוּסְיָא (גרס) a dish of beans (a remedy for melancholy). Targ. II Esth. III, 8 (cmp. Gen. R. s. 94, beg.). ↗ expanded
גְּרוֹף = גְּרוֹפִיתblock or shoot. Gen. R. s. 53 lest people say ג׳ מביתו וכ׳ (Isaac is) a shoot taken from the house of Abimelekh. Tanḥ. B’ḥuck. 5, v. גְּרוֹפִית. ↗ expanded
גְּרוֹפִית (גרף, cmp. אֶגְרוֹף) [as large as a fist,] little stump or shoot. Kel. XII, 8 ג׳ של זית a vessel made out of a piece of an olive tree; Tosef. Kel. B. Mets. II, 19 he who makes vessels מג׳ של זית R. S. to Kel. l. c. (ed. Zuck. גרפות, גפו, corr. acc.).—Metaph. ג׳ של שקמה block of a sycamore tree, i.e. a man barren of thought, ignorant; barren of merits, worthless. Tanḥ. B’ḥuck. 5 Jephtah was as poor in the Law כגְרוֹפוֹ של שקמה (ed. Bub. 7 גרופות של ש׳ היה, note: גרופית) as a block &c.—Y. Ab. Zar. II, 40ᶜ; Gen. R. s. 25, end; Ruth R. s. 1, opp. ג׳ של זית one rich in merits; a. e.—Pl. גְּרוֹפִיּוֹת. B. Bath. V, 3 if one buys olive trees for felling, מניח שתי ג׳ he must leave a stump of two fists’ size (out of which new shoots may rise); Tosef. ib. IV, 7 (v. Tos’f. Y. Tob a. l., a. B. Bath. 80ᵇ).—Gen. R. s. 31, end ג׳ לזתים Ar. (ed. sing.) shoots for future olive plantation. ↗ expanded
גָּרוּשׁ (part. pass. of גָּרַשׁ) a divorced spouse. Pes. 112ᵃ ג׳ שנשא ג׳ a divorced husband who married a divorced wife. Ib. ג׳ בחיי בעלה marrying a divorced wife while her husband is yet alive. Ned. 20ᵇ גְּרוּשַׁת הלב divorced at heart, one whom her husband is determined to divorce; a. fr.—Pl. גְּרוּשִׁים, f. גְּרוּשׁוֹת. Yalk. Jer. 268 וכי ג׳ אתם לי are ye divorced from me (the Lord)? ↗ expanded
גֵּרוּשִׁין (גרש) sending off, divorce. Gen. R. s. 19; Lam. R. introd. 4 (ref. to Gen. III, 23 sq.) דנתי אותו בשלוחין ובג׳ I punished him with expulsion and banishment.—Gitt. 64ᵃ שליש אומר לגי׳ the trustee says (the letter has been given me not as a deposit but) as a letter of divorce which I was authorized by thy wife to receive in her behalf.—Y. Kidd. I, 58ᶜ top גוים אין להן ג׳ the law of divorce (according to Deut. XXIV, 3) does not apply to gentiles. Ib. או שאין להם ג׳ וכ׳ either they have not the institution of divorce, or either may divorce the other; Gen. R. s. 18; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גֵּרוּת (denom. of גֵּר) the stranger’s civic condition. Gen. R. s. 44; Pesik. R. s. 15, a. e., v. אִיסוֹפּוֹלִיטְיָא. conversion to Judaism. Gitt. 85ᵃ ↗ expanded
גַּרְזִימִי f. (גַּרְזִימִין m. pl.) (גרזם, Parel of גזם, cmp. b. h. כִּרְסֵם) nibblings, dessert (mostly of fruits, v. infra). Lam. R. introd. 10 I wished they had made me (the Lord) כגרזימי הזו וכ׳ ed. (Var. גריזמי, Ar. גרוז׳) like dessert which (at least) is served up at the end; Esth. R. to I, 9 ככַרְזִימִין הזה(!); Yalk. Is. 318 כגרומזי וכ׳ (corr. acc.). Y. Ber. VI, 10ᶜ bot. גריזמי, גריזמתה ed. Krot. (Ar. גרוזמתא) = פִּרְפֶּרֶת a. כִּיסָנִין. Gen. R. s. 33 גרוזמי דדהב וכ׳ Ar. Var. (ed. גִּידּוּמֵי, גַּרְדּוּמֵי, v. גדם) golden fruits on a golden tray; Lev. R. s. 27 גרוזמין דדהב Ar. (ed. חזורין … רמונין); [Pesik. Shor, p. 74ᵇ בחורין … ורימונין … וגקרמונין (corr. בחזריו … וגרזימין); Tanḥ. Emor 6 ובלחמא]. ↗ expanded
גרי (b. h.) to be rough, grating, scraping; v. גֵּרָה, גָּרוֹן &c. to be hot, burn, singe (cmp. חָרָה). Pi. גִּירָה, גֵּרָהto incite, stir up, let loose. Snh. 107ᵇ שגי׳ דובים וכ׳ because he let the bears loose against the children. Ex. R. s. 21 ג׳ לפרעה He incited Pharaoh &c. Gen. R. s. 19, end (interpret. hishshiani, Gen. III, 13) גִּירַנִי. Cant. R. to I, 4 (play on משכני ib.) ממה שגֵּרִיתָ בי שכני הרעים from my hostile neighbors whom thou hast incited against me.—Trnsf. ג׳ את הדוב ב־to let temptation loose against. Gen. R. s. 87 אני מְגָרֶה בך וכ׳ I shall lay temptation in thy way; a. fr.—Lev. R. s. 17 ביום שיְגָרֶה וכ׳ on the day when the Lord shall stir up his anger &c. Hithpa. הִתְגָּרֶה, , Nithpa. נִתְגָּרֶהto be inflamed, jealous; to rival. Snh. 19ᵃ מִתְגָּרוֹת זו בזו jealous of one another. to engage in battle, to fight. Ber. 7ᵇ; Meg. 6ᵇ מותר להִתְגָּרוֹת וכ׳ it is permitted to enter into combat with the wicked (with reference to b. h. התחרה).—Num. R. s. 19 נתג׳ בהם he attacked them. to be let loose. Esth. R. introd. נִתְגָּרְתָה אותה הדוב that temptation was aroused (against Joseph), v. supra; Num. R. s. 13 מִתְגָּרַת. to have a passion for, to indulge freely in. Yoma 76ᵇ wine is called תירׄשׄ, because he המִתְגָּרֶה בו נעשה רׄשׄ who indulges in it becomes poor. Ab. Zar. 18ᵇ; 19ᵇ אֶתְגָּרֶה בשינה I will freely indulge in sleep (idleness). (denom. of תִּגְרָה) to incite. Num. R. s. 18; Tanḥ. Koraḥ 3 להִתְגָּרוֹת בו את וכֹ׳ to incite Israel against him. ↗ expanded
גְּרִי —Pa. גָּרֵיto incite, let loose. Targ. Num. XXI, 6; a. fr. to let off, drive, thrust. Naz. 4ᵇ דילמא גָּרוּיֵי ג׳ בהו perhaps he thrust (the jaw bone) at them (without touching them; Ar. a. Rashi: גרדויי גרד וכ׳, obviously for גררויי גרר, cmp. גיררא, v. Koh. Ar. Compl. s. v.). Taan. 25ᵃ אֲגָרֵי בך וכ׳, v. גִּירָא II. [ to drag (cmp. גרר). Nidd. 36ᵇ, v. גְּדֵי.] Ithpa. אִתְגָּרֵי,Ithpe. אִיגְּרֵיto attack. Targ. Deut. II, 5; a. fr. Targ. I Sam. XIII, 4 (h. text נבאש!). [Targ. Ps. XXII, 8 ed. Lag., v. גְּרַר.]—Lam. R. to I, 5 מלכוותא מִתְגַּרְיָן בכון kingdoms will attack you; a. e. to be let loose, hurled. Targ. Y. Deut. XXVIII, 60; a. e.—Y. Peah I, 16ᵃ top הא דובא מִתְגַּרְיָא לך that same temptation will be let loose &c., v. preced. Hithpa. to become impassionate, be hot with sexual passion. Snh. 64ᵃ דלא מִיגְּרֵי איניש בקרובתיה Ms. M. (ed. איגרו) that one does not fall in love with his nearest kindred. Ab. Zar. 22ᵇ כיון דמיגרי בה because the animal will show his sexual desire by running after her (and thus betray her sin).—Denom. תִּגְרָא. ↗ expanded
גְּרִיד (גרד) [rind, crust, cmp. גָּרָב,] the parched surface of the field, arid land, unbroken or untilled ground.—ימי הג׳ dry season, summer. B. Mets. V, 10.—Ib. חרוש עמי בג׳ plough thou with me in dry ground (in summer), opp. רְבִיעָה.—מקום הג׳ dry ground, opp. מקום הטיט (הטינא) muddy ground. Pes. 55ᵃ; Y. Kil. II, 27ᵈ top; Y. Ḥall. I, 57ᶜ.—M. Kat. 6ᵇ שדה ג׳, opp. מטוננת.—Y. Kil. II, 28ᵃ bot. ג׳ unbroken ground between tilled fields. Gen. R. s. 33, end נעשה כג׳ וכ׳ (the earth, after the flood had subsided) became like hard unbroken ground; they planted but nothing would grow. ↗ expanded
גְּרֵידָא (גרד) [stripped,] alone, mere, unqualified (v. גַּרְדּוּם). Ab. Zar. 37ᵃ אם מתי ג׳ the mere formula ‘If I die’ (without qualification). Yeb. 20ᵃ לא תעשה ג׳ הוא it is merely a prohibitory law; a. fr.—Pl. גְּרֵידֵי. Ib. 79ᵇ חייבי לאוין ג׳ trespassers of a mere prohibitory law, opp. לאוין דשאר referring to incest. Ḥull. 2ᵇ; a. fr.—Fem. גְּרֵידְתָא. Sot. 32ᵇ אמירה ג׳ the expression אמר not qualified by ענה. Keth. 73ᵇ טעות אשה אחת ג׳ a plain error concerning one woman (where you cannot say that the case may be considered as though concerning two different persons); a. fr.—[Targ. Y. II, Ex. XIV, 25, v. גְּרַר.] ↗ expanded
גְּרִיוָא (גרב, גרף, labial softened) [a quantity carried at a time to and from the hand-mill (cmp. I גָּרָב 1),] griva, a dry measure (= סְאָה). Ab. Zar. 43ᵃ והוא דנקיט ג׳ וכ׳ provided the statue (of Serapis) has a grivah (modius) as a symbol of measuring (v. Sm. Ant. s. v. Coma). Erub. 29ᵇ גרויא (corr. acc., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 1). Pes. 32ᵃ. Ned. 51ᵃ כל ג׳ וכ׳ whatever measure I may want. בי ג׳ or ג׳ the size of a field needed for a griva of seed (cmp. סְאָה). B. Kam. 96ᵃ ג׳ דארעא a griva of land; B. Mets. 110ᵇ; ib. 15ᵇ גרבא ed. (Ms. M. גרויא, Ms. F. גריבא, Ms. R. גריוא, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note).—Pl. גְּרִיוֵי. Erub. 14ᵇ. B. Bath. 73ᵃ, v. בְּזַק. Ned. 50ᵇ sq. ↗ expanded
גָּרִיס , pl. גְּרִיסִין (b. h. [split, broken,] grits esp. pounded beans; beans used for pounding. Gen. R. s. 94, beg.; Nidd. IX, 6 sq.; Tosef. ib. VIII, 9, v. חֲלוּקָה a. שְׁעוּעִית.—Maasr. V, 8 ג׳ הקלקין Cilician beans. Tosef. ib. III, 14 [read:] אילו הן ג׳ הקלקין (אילו) הַגַּסִּין המרובעין (v. Maim. a. R. S. to Maasr. l. c.) Cilician beans are the large and quadrangular; a. fr. [גריסות, v. גָּרוֹסָה.]—כג׳ the size of a bean. Sifra Thazr. Neg. ch. I. Kel. XVII, 1Kel. XVII, 12 ג׳ נגעים כג׳ וכ׳ the garis as a standard for eruptions is the Cilician bean. (pl.) a dish of pounded grains. Koh. R. to II, 2; Tanḥ. Aḥaré 1, a. e. קערה של ג׳ a dish of boiled grit; Ruth R. to II, 14 גְּרִישִׂין. [Ib. to II, 15 היה מבקר גרישין, read with Yalk. ib. 604 גְּדִישִׁין, v. גָּדִישׁ.] ↗ expanded
גְּרִיסָא Y. Sabb. III, 6ᵇ top פינכא דג׳ a dish of beans; Y. Maasr. I, 49ᵃ top דגלוסא (corr. acc.).—Pl. גְּרִיסִין. Targ. Y. Lev. XIV, 37. [Ex. R. s. 43 קאקז גריסין, v. קָאקִיגוֹרוֹס.] ↗ expanded
גְּרִיעוּתָא (גרע) diminution; lesser degree; disadvantage. Ber. 56ᵃ מפשר ליה לג׳ he interpreted his dream unfavourably, opp. למעליותא. B. Kam. 99ᵇ עביד בך … תרתי לג׳ he has doubly injured thee (through his verdict). Yeb. 122ᵇ top מאי ג׳ וכ׳ whereon is the inn-keeper’s lower status (lesser trustworthiness) based? Ḥull. 5ᵇ wherever the Bible uses b’hemah (beast), ג׳ היא does it necessarily imply contempt? ↗ expanded
גְּרִיפָה (גרף) removal of coal and ashes, scraping. Bets. 28ᵇ גְּרִיפַת וכ׳ the cleaning of stoves &c. ↗ expanded
גְּרִיצָה (גרץ to cut, cmp. גרס) slice. Pl. גְּרִיצוֹתbread or cake formed of slices twisted together or layers above one another, twists. Bets. II, 6 (21ᵇ) אין אופין פִּתָּן ג׳ Ms. M. a. ed. Y. (ed. פִּתִּין גְּרִיצִין, Ar. פתן גריצין) they must not (on Holy Days) bake their bread in the form of twists; Y. ib. 61ᶜ bot.—Tosef. Ab. Zar. VII (VIII), 2 מוליכין עמו ג׳ לתנור you may carry your cakes, to be baked with his, to the confectioner’s oven.—Snh. 100ᵇ, v. next w.↗ expanded
גְּרִיצְתָּא f., גְּרִיץ m. ch. same. Targ. Ex. XXIX, 23 (O. צתא …, Y. גריץ, h. text חַלָּה). Targ. Prov. VI, 26 (h. text ככר); a. e.—Pl. גְּרִיצָן, גְּרִיצָתָא. Targ. Gen. XVIII, 6 (h. text עגות). Targ. Lev. VII, 12 sq.—Snh. 100ᵇ תרתין גריצים, read גְּרִיצָן. ↗ expanded
גְּרִירָה (גרר) scraping off. Ḥull. 84ᵃ מחוסר … וג׳ requires the acts of pouring out the blood, scraping off the blood stains &c. Ib. 93ᵃ ריש מעיא … בעי ג׳ the top of the small bowels up to a cubit’s length must be scraped (in order to remove the fat). dragging, pulling, moving an object without lifting. Sabb. 22ᵃ; Pes. 101ᵃ; Men. 41ᵇ הלכה … בג׳ the law decides in favor of … with reference to dragging an object on the Sabbath, v. גָּרַר. Y. Kidd. I, 60ᵈ top מהו שיקנו בג׳ can they be taken possession of by moving without lifting? carrying with, involving. Y. Pes. VII, 34ᶜ top מאי נפקא … ג׳ what is the difference between them? They differ as to the majority of one tribe carrying with it (determining the legal status of) the whole nation, v. גָּרַר 3.—Sabb. 71ᵃ ומי אית ליה … ג׳ does R. adopt the opinion that one action can be involved with another so as to be considered one continuous act (e.g. cutting grain and immediately grinding it)? Ib. ג׳ דג׳ an application of this principle in the second degree, that the action involved should involve a third action. ↗ expanded
גָּרַם (v. גרר) to drag along, carry with it.—Part. pass. גָּרוּםadded in boot, additional measure, v. גֵּירוּמִין.—אַמָּה גְּרוּמָה a large cubit. Gen. R. s. 12 [read:] כאמה ג׳ the size of a liberal cubit (equal to a cubit and a half of strict measure; some ed. גד׳; vers. in ‘Rashi’ a. l. גרמידא ומחצה).—Y. Shek. VI, end, 50ᵇ אמה גרו׳, read גְּדוּמָה, v. גָּדַם. [Tosef. Bekh. V, 4 אצבעותיו גרומות Var., ed. Zuck. גְּדוּמוֹת.]—Trnsf. to carry with it, to be the cause of, to engender. דבר הגֹּורֵם לממון something which may be the cause of pecuniary profit or loss. B. Kam. 71ᵇ if one steals objects dedicated to the sanctuary for which the original owner is responsible in case of loss &c., he is bound to pay the thief’s fine (כֵּפֶל) to the owner; אלמא דבר הג׳ למ׳ כממון דמי which proves that that which may cause a pecuniary loss, is to be considered as the property of him to whom it may cause it. Ib. 98ᵇ according to the opinion of R. Shimeon who says דבר הגורם … מיחייב that what is the cause of monetary gain is considered as money, he who burns a note of indebtedness is bound to pay the full amount of the note; a. fr.—Snh. 104ᵃ גורם גלות לבניו causes his children to be exiled. Ber. 5ᵇ bot. ג׳ לשכינה וכ׳ is the cause of the Divine Presence departing from Israel. M. Kat. 25ᵃ בבל גָּרְמָה לו Babylonia was the cause (that the Shekhinah did not rest upon him). Ab. Zar. 8ᵇ bot. המקום גורם the place makes the act legal, i.e. only in the Temple hall can the Sanhedrin judge capital cases; Snh. 14ᵇ המקום ג׳ only in the Temple hall can a rebellious elder be judged; ib. 87ᵃ.—Y. Yeb. I, 2ᶜ top דבר שהוא בא מחמת הגורם וכ׳ if a prohibition arises from a cause (a person that causes it, e.g. the prohibition against C.’s marrying B. because B.’s sister A. is his wife)—when the cause is removed (through A.’s death), the prohibition ceases; but a prohibition which has not its cause in the action of a person (but in natural kinship, e.g. C.’s daughter married to C.’s brother whereby she becomes forbidden to him also as his brother’s wife), is not removed with the removal of the cause of the (additional) prohibition, i.e. C. cannot perform the levir’s marriage with his brother’s wife since she has not ceased to be his daughter; ib. III, beg., 4ᶜ; IV, 6ᵃ top.—זה וזה גורם a product of combined causes. Tem. 30ᵇ זה וזה ג׳ אסור a product of combined causes is forbidden, e.g. the offspring of a dam unfitted for the altar, and of a sire fit; Pes. 27ᵃ; a. fr.—Ib. 26ᵇ זה וזה ג׳ מי שמעת ליה can you prove that Rabbi adopts the rule forbidding the product of combined causes?—Nidd. 31ᵃ (homiletical play on Gen. XLIX, 14) חמור ג׳ ליששכר the braying of an ass was the cause of Isachar being begotten; Gen. R. s. 99; v. next w.Pi. גֵּירֵםsame. Gen. R. s. 39 הדרך מְגָרֶמֶת וכ׳ traveling is the cause of three evils. Nif. נִגְרָםto be indirectly engendered. Ab. Zar. 55ᵇ אסור לִיגָּרֵם וכ׳ no assistance must be given to making unclean &c. Hif. הִגְרִיםto leave a comb (גֵּרוּם) in striking a measure off, whence (in ritual slaughtering) to cut in a slanting direction, to let the knife slide beyond the space prescribed for cutting. Ḥull. 19ᵃ; 20ᵃ; a. fr.—Part. pass. f. מוּגְרֶמֶת an animal slaughtered by a slanting cut. Ib. 18ᵇ; a. fr.—Denom. הַגְרָמָה. ↗ expanded
גְּרַם 1 Targ. Is. III, 9; a. fr.—Meg. 12ᵇ אנא גַּרְמִי וכ׳ Ms. M. (ed. גרים) I am the cause that M. was born. Ber. 7ᵇ שמא גָרֵים a person’s name has an influence on his fate or character. Ab. Zar. 19ᵇ ע"א מאן קא גרים לה what action caused the work to be called an idol?—Gen. R. s. 98 [read:] יששכר חמור גַּרְמֵיה (play on גרם, v. preced. w.) the braying of an ass caused him to be begotten (by announcing Jacob’s arrival upon which Leah went forth to meet him; v. ib. s. 99, Nidd. 31ᵃ). ↗ expanded
גְּרַם 2 (denom. of גַּרְמָא, cmp. עצם) to be substantial, strong. *Targ. Prov. XVIII, 10 וניגריס ביה Ms. a. Var. in ed. Lag. (read ונִיגְרִים; ed. ונתרים). Ib. V, 19 תִּגְרַם (some ed. תְּגָרֵם, Ms. תגרס) thou shalt grow strong. Pa. גָּרֵיםto strengthen, comfort. Targ. Y. II, Gen. XXXV, 9 וגָרִימַת וכ׳ (some ed. וגְרִי׳ Pe.) and Thou didst strengthen him (in his trouble). to eat up to the bone, to pick off. Targ. Ps. XXVII, 2 לְגָּרָמָא (Ms. a. Regia לגַמָּרָא, v. גְּמַר).—B. Bath. 22ᵃ אדמְגַרְמִיתוּ גרמי וכ׳ (Ms. M. מגרדיתו fr. גְּרַד; Ar. דמגריסתו fr. גְּרַס; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) in place of picking off bones (receiving scanty instruction) in the school of A., go ye and eat flesh &c. Af. אַגְרֵיםto make substantial, harden. Targ. Prov. VIII, 28 (Var. אוגריס, h. text אמץ). ↗ expanded
גָּרָם (גָּרַם) cause, indirect production of an effect. Sabb. 120ᵇ גְּרַם כיבוי indirect extinction of a fire (by placing vessels filled with water in its way), v. גְּרָמָא. ↗ expanded
גֶּרֶם גרם to strip; cmp. גרד, [stripped, bare, cmp. II Kings IX, 13,] skeleton, bone; (cmp. עֶצֶם) self, strength.—Pl. גְּרָמִים. Gen. R. s. 98 מה חמור זה גְּרָמָיו ברורים as the bony frame of the ass is clearly discernible. ↗ expanded
גַּרְמָא constr. גֶּרֶם, גְּרַם same, a bare twig, opp. כְּבָסָא. Macc. 8ᵃ (Ms. M. גִּירְמָא). bone. Targ. Gen. II, 23; a. fr. [Targ. Y. Ex. XXVII, 5 גומא read גַּר׳ or גּוּרְמָא.]—Gen. R. s. 70 [read as Yalk. ib. 124, cmp. Dan. VI, 25) כהדין ג׳ אנא מהדק לך like a bone I shall crush thee. Ber. 5ᵇ; B. Bath. 116ᵃ, v. בִּיר.—Pl. גַּרְמַיָּא, גַּרְמֵי. Targ. Gen. l. c. גַּרְמַי (Y. גְּרָמַי). Targ. Ezek. XXXVII, 4; a. fr.—Targ. Y. Ex. XXXVIII, 4 [read:] גּוּמְרַיָּא וְגַרְמַיָּא or גורמיא וגומריא, v. supra.—B. Bath. 58ᵃ חביתא דג׳ a vessel of bones (an enigmatical phrase for an animal). Ib. 22ᵃ, v. גְּרַם II.—Bets. 11ᵃ תברא ג׳ a block on which bones are chopped; a. fr. body, self. ג׳ ג׳each for itself, one after the other. Ib. 11ᵇ. Ḥull. 113ᵃ.—With suffixes of personal pronouns: גַּרְמִיmyself &c. Targ. Job I, 3 לגַרְמֵיה as his own, לגֶרֶם אתתיה (Ms. לגְרַם) as his wife’s sole property. Targ. Y. Lev. VII, 29 בגַרְמֵיה himself; a. fr.—Gen. R. s. 75, beg., v. גַּפָּא I. Y. Ber. III, 6ᶜ bot. קטר גרמיה tied himself; a. fr.—Ber. 48ᵃ, a. fr. לג׳ הוא דעבד he did so for himself, i.e. this is no authoritative precedent.—Y. Orl. I, 61ᵃ top ג׳ אמר he gave his own opinion. Y. Erub. III, 21ᵃ bot. בשם גרמיה in his own name; Y. Kidd. II, 63ᵃ top.—Y. Keth. III, end, 28ᵃ כל גַּרְמָהּ אמרה this very fact (thing) proves; Y. Shebu. V, end, 36ᶜ; Y. Keth. IX, beg. 32ᵈ; Y. Pes. IX, end, 37ᵃ כל גרמא (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
גְּרָמָאcause.—מ"ע שהזמן ג׳ (in Hebr. diction) a positive command the observance of which depends on a certain time of the day or season of the year. Kidd. I, 7 (29ᵃ); a. fr. indirect effect. Sabb. 120ᵇ ג׳ שרי indirect effect (e.g. effacing the Divine Name in consequence of bathing) is permitted, opp. עשייה the direct act. B. Kam. 60ᵃ ג׳ בניזקין פטור damage by indirect action is not actionable. B. Bath. 22ᵇ ג׳ בניזקין אסור to cause indirect damage is forbidden.—Pl. גְּרָמֵי. B. Kam. 98ᵇ מאן דדאין דינא דג׳ he who holds the opinion that one who is the cause of damage to another person is responsible; ib. 100ᵃ; 117ᵇ; a. e. ↗ expanded
גַּרְמִידָא (= גַּמִּידָא, v. גּוֹמֶד) arm, elbow, cubit. Targ. Y. Ex. II, 5. Targ. Jud. III, 16 (h. text גמד).—B. Mets. 64ᵃ בני ג׳ of an arm’s length.—Pl. גַּרְמִידֵי. Targ. Y. Ex. XVI, 29; a. e.—Snh. 7ᵃ. Erub. 14ᵇ ↗ expanded
גִּרְמַמְיָאGermamia, Germania, the land of the Cimmerii (v. Schr. KAT p. 428). Targ. I Chr. I, 5; Targ. Y. Gen. X, 2 (for Magog); Y. Meg. I, 71ᵇ bot.; Yoma 10ᵃ (for Gomer); Gen. R. s. 37, beg. (for Magog). Ib. (also for Togarmah, v. גִּרְמַנִיקְיָא). (ג׳ של אדום or של רומי) Germania, the Roman province of Germania. Meg. 6ᵃ; 6ᵇ; Yalk. Ps. 888. Gen. R. s. 75, v. בַּרְבַּרְיָא. [Y. Sabb. VI, 8ᶜ bot. read גִּרְמָנִי.] ↗ expanded
גִּרְמָנִי (Germanus, v. preced. art.) German, one of the Caucasian race, white man, opp. כּוּשִׁי. Gen. R. s. 86 everywhere you find ג׳ מוכר כושי one of the white race sells a dark man. Neg. II, 1, v. בַּהֶרֶת.—Y. Yoma VIII, 45ᵇ top ג׳ עבדיה וכ׳ a German, a slave of &c.; Y. Sabb. VI, 8ᶜ bot. גרמניא (corr. acc.); Y. Ab. Zar. II, end, 42ᵃ גרמנא. ↗ expanded
גִּרְמָנִיקְיָאGermanicia, town (and district) in the province of Commagene, near the borders of Cappadocia. Y. Meg. I, 71ᵇ bot.; Yoma 10ᵃ; Gen. R. s. 37 (for Togarmah, v. Schr. KAT p. 428); [Targ. Y. II, Gen. X, 3; Targ. I Chr. I, 6 בַּרְבַּרִיאָה.] ↗ expanded
גָּרַס v. גרר), Pi. גֵּירֵס to crush, split, grind. Tosef. T’bul Yom II, 12 fat figs שלא גֵירְסָהּ which he has not yet crushed (into a cake). V. גָּרִיס. ↗ expanded
גְּרַס 1Pa.גָּרֵיס, Af. אַגְרֵיס same. B. Bath. 22ᵃ, v. גְּרם II Af. [Targ. Prov. VIII, 28, v. גְּרַם II Af.] ↗ expanded
גְּרַס 2 (cmp. גרר, גּוֹרֶן) to scrape together; to collect, accumulate. Denom. גּוּרְסִינָא. [Targ. Prov. XVIII, 10; V, 19, v. גְּרַם II.]—Trnsf. to acquire knowledge, to commit traditions to memory, as a preliminary stage to speculation and analysis compared to grinding, v. טחן. Ab. Zar. 19ᵃ לעולם יגמר ואע"ג דמשכח ולִיגְרַס ואע"ג דלא ידע וכ׳ Ms. M. one must at all events acquire readiness (v. גְּמַר II), though one may afterwards forget, and one must study by heart though one does not understand, for Holy Writ says (Ps. CXIX, 20) gar’sah &c.; it says גָרְסָה and not טָחֲנָה (my soul heaps up, but not it grinds, learns but not analyzes); (ed. לִיגְרִיס, and other Variants); Yalk. Ps. 876.—Ber. 8ᵃ הוה גְרִיסְנָא בגו ביתאי Ms. M. (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) I used to study in my house; Meg. 29ᵃ. Ber. l. c. bot. turned his face וגריס and reviewed (what he had learned). Taan. 10ᵇ למִיגְרַס to recite traditions, opp. לעיוני to speculate. Ber. 13ᵇ (ref. to Deut. XI, 18, v. Targ. Y. a. l.) teach your children …, כי היכי דלִיגְרְסוּ בהו (Ms. M. ונִגְרְסוּ בהו) so that they be able to review them (by themselves); a. fr.—Part. act. גָּרֵיסwell-versed, knowing by heart. B. Bath. 21ᵃ ג׳ ולא דייק knowing Bible verses by heart, but being inexact.—Part. pass. גְּרִיס, f. גְּרִיסָאknown by heart. Men. 32ᵇ מיגרס גְּרִיסִין; Meg. 18ᵇ מיגרס גְּרִיסָן they are known by heart. ↗ expanded
גִּרְסָא (preced.) acquired learning, study of tradition. Targ. Cant. I, 2 בג׳ for verbal study.—Meg. 6ᵇ לאוקומי ג׳ וכ׳ to preserve (in memory) what one has learned requires divine assistance. Sabb. 21ᵇ ג׳ דינקותא what has been learned in youth (which is better remembered). Ib. 30ᵇ לא הוה פסיק פומיה מג׳ did not cease reciting. Erub. 68ᵃ אנא … בגִרְסָאִי I am busy studying; a. fr.—Pl. גִּרְסַיָּיא, גִּירְ׳. B. Bath. 22ᵃ דלא ליטרדו מגִּירְסַיְיהוּ Ms. M. (ed. אתו ליטרדו מג׳) that they may not be disturbed in their studies. (editorial note) version. Yalk. Gen. 84 ג׳ אחרינא זה וכ׳ another version (for זה איוב, Gen. R. s. 50) is, ‘This alludes to the tribe of Levi’. [Frequently in commentaries.—Denom. גרסto read. הכי גרסינן (abbr. ה"ג) such is the proper reading.] ↗ expanded
גַּרְסִי (v. גָּרִיס) grits-dealer or maker, v. גָּרוֹסָה. Midr. Prov. ch. IX; Erub. 21ᵇ יהושוע הג׳ (not רבי, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note). ↗ expanded
גָּרַע 1 v. גרר) to scrape off, to diminish, deduct. Snh. 29ᵃ כל המוסיף גּוֹרֵעַ he who adds (to the truth) diminishes (whoever does too much does too little). R. Hash. 28ᵇ, a. fr. עובר על בל תִּגְרַע transgresses the law which prohibits diminishing from what the Law prescribes (Deut. XIII, 1, v. בַּל). Yoma 48ᵃ גּוֹרְעִין ומוסיפין ודורשין we may take away (one servile letter from one word of the text) and add it to another and thus interpret the law (e.g. מדם הפר explained as: דם מהפר); B. Bath. 111ᵇ; a. fr.—Y. Yeb. VIII, end, 9ᵈ, v. גָּלַע.—[Gen. R. s. 19, a. e. גרעה קומתו, v. גָּוַע.]—Part. pass. גָּרוּעַinferior. Pl. גְּרוּעִים. Gen. R. s. 28. [Ber. 36ᵃ ומי גרע, read with Ms. M. גריעי.] Hif. הִגְרִיעַto deduct from, to calculate the price of redemption in proportion to the years served and those to be served, v. גֵּירוּעַ Kidd. 11ᵇ מַגְרַעַת מפדיונה she makes a deduction from her redemption money; ib. 14ᵇ מגרעת פדיונה she lessens &c.; ib. 16ᵃ מגרע פד׳ (corr. acc.). Y. Kidd. I, 58ᶜ bot.; Y. Shebu. VI, beg. 36ᵈ מגרעת (ב)מעה וכ׳ she redeems herself by deducting a M’ah for each year. Nif. נִגְרַעto be deducted, to be redeemed by deducting the compensation for the time served. Y. Kidd. l. c. אם בקשה לִיגָּרֵעַ if the desires a redemption by deduction &c.; Y. Shebu. l. c. למיגרע (read: לֵהִיגָּ׳ or לִיגָּ׳). Kidd. 11ᵇ תִּיגָּרֵעַ עד פרוטה she can redeem herself by deductions until she comes down to a P’rutah. ↗ expanded
גְּרַע , esp. to shave, cut the hair (dialectically interchanging with גרד). Targ. Jud. XVI, 19; II Sam. X, 4 Ar. (ed. גדע, ed. Lag. II Sam. l. c. גרע; cmp. Is. XV, 2, Jer. XLVIII, 37).—Lam. R. to I, 1 ג׳ רישיה (8 חד מאת׳) רבתי he shaved his head. Snh. 96ᵃ (prov.) גְּרַעְתֵּיה לארמאה וכ׳ Ar. (ed. גרירתיה, Ms. M. גרידתיה) if you shave a gentile, he likes it; hang fire on his beard, and you will get no end of his fun (i.e. if he finds it convenient, he will submit to indignities).—Part. pass. גְּרִיעַ, f. גְּרִיעָאshaved. Lam. R. l. c. inferior, less. Yeb. 51ᵃ ג׳ ממאמר is inferior (as to legal power) to &c., v. מַאֲמָר. Gitt. 70ᵃ ג׳ דכולהו the worst of all. Af. אַגְרַע as preced.Hif. [Targ. Y. II, Gen. XXX, 11, read מגדעא.] Kidd. 11ᵇ מַגְרְעָה ואזלה she deducts more and more every year. Ib. [read:] מאי מגרעה what is there for her to deduct from?—Arakh. 25ᵃ, v. infra. Ithpe. אִיגְּרַע as preced.Nif. Arakh. 30ᵇ מִיגְּרְעָא ואזלא his obligation grows less (every year, if he chooses to redeem her). Ib. 25ᵃ לא מִגְּרַע ליה (Rashi מיג׳) no deduction is allowed him (for fractions of a year). ↗ expanded
גָּרַע 2to form globules, to drop. Denom. גַּרְעִין. Pi. גֵּרַע,Hif. הִגְרִיעַ (denom. of גרעין) to form globules (one of the early stages of development of the grape). Shebi. IV, 10 גפנים מִשֶּׁיְּגָרְעוּ grape vines (must not be cut down in the Sabbath year) from the moment they form stones, Maim.; oth. opin. ovules containing moisture; Y. ib. IV, end 35ᶜ משיַגְרִיעוּ (Hif.), defined משיזחלו מים, with ref. to Job XXXVI, 27; Ber. 63ᵇ; Pes. 52ᵇ sq. משיגריעו (Ms. M. 2 משיגרעו). ↗ expanded
גָּרָע (גרע I) scraper, barber, in gen. low class surgeon, blood-letter &c. Kidd. 82ᵃ. Kel. XII, 4; Tosef. Kel. B. Mets. II, 11 גָּרוֹעַ, v. מַסְמָר. ↗ expanded
גַּרְעִין c. (v. גָּרַע II) globule, esp. the stone or kernel of a stone fruit, nut &c.—Pl. גַּרְעִינִין, גַּלְעִינִין, גַּרְאִי׳. Sabb. VII, 4 (76ᵇ) גרעינין Ms. M. (ed. גַּרְעִינֵיהֶן); Y. ed. גַּלְעִינֵיהֶן. Bab. ib. 77ᵇ top, question as to spelling with א or ע (decided by ref. to ונגרע Lev. XXVII, 18). Shebi. VII, 3 גל׳. Ter. XI, 5 גַּרְעִינֵי תרומה (Ms. M. גל׳) stones of fruits which are the priest’s share. Tosef. ib. X, 1; a. fr. V. גַּרְעִינָה. ↗ expanded
גַּרְעִינָה f. = גַּרְעִין (collect. noun, used promiscuously with גַּרְעִינִין). Ukts. II, 2 גל׳ של רוטב the stones of moist olives; Y. Ter. XI, 47ᵈ bot. גלעיני הרוטב. Y. Maasr. I, 48ᵈ bot.; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גַּרְעִינוּתָא f. ch. same. Ber. 39ᵃ גַּרְעִינוּתֵיה (Ms. M. גַּרְעִינֵיח) the stones (of an olive). ↗ expanded
גָּרַף v. גרר) to scrape, sweep, esp. to remove ashes and coal from the stove; to scrape together, collect. Kel. VIII, 11 היתה גוֹרְפָתוֹ if while she was sweeping it (the stove) &c. Sabb. III, 1 עד שיִגְרוֹף not before he has swept it.—Y. Peah VII, 20ᵇ top (ref. to Joel I, 17) תחת שהיינו גוֹרְפִים וכ׳ in place of collecting honey (from beehives or trees), we collected foul matter. Sabb. XVII, 2 לִגְרוֹף בה וכ׳ to grab with it the figs out of the barrel; a. fr.—Gen. R. s. 67 גּוֹרֶפֶת מחוטמה blowing her nose (v. גָּרַר).—Part. pass. גָּרוּף, f. גְּרוּפָהcleared of ashes &c., swept. Sabb. III, 4, v. אַנְטִיכִי; a. fr.—[Gen. R. s. 53 ג׳ מביתו של וכ׳ (Isaac is) the refuse of &c., comment.; v., however, גְּרוֹף.] Pi. גֵּירַףsame. Kerith. 7ᵇ; Y. Snh. VII, 25ᵇ top, v. גָּדַף↗ expanded
גְּרַף Targ. II Esth. III, 8 גרפין חמיעא they remove leavened things.—Y. Pes. II, end, 29ᶜ גְּרוֹף מן תוחתיהון scrape them at the bottom. Y. Bets. IV, 62ᶜ bot. [read:] איזלי גַרְפִין go thou and sweep them (the stones) out. Y. M. Kat. I, 80ᵇ bot.; a. fr. Ithpe. אִתְגְּרִיףto be scraped out, removed. Targ. II Esth. l. c. Ithpalp. אִיתְגַּרְגֵּיףsame. Targ. Job VII, 12 like the Ocean דמִתְגַּרְגֵּף וכ׳ Ms. which, at certain times, is swept (pours itself out over the shores; ed. דמתרגיף, v. רְגַף). ↗ expanded
גָּרַר 1 v. גָּרָה) [to produce a grating, scraping sound,] to scratch, scrape, shave (v. גָּרַד, גָּרַע I). Sabb. VIII, 6 (81ᵃ) כדי לִגְרוֹר וכ׳ (Ar. a. Y. ed. לגרוד) large enough to scrape with it the top &c. R. Hash. 27ᵇ גְּרָרוֹ Ms. M. (ed. גרדו), v. גֶּלֶד. Keth. 60ᵃ; Kerith. 21ᵇ גֹּורְרוֹ וכ׳ he must scrape the blood off before eating the bread; a. fr.—Part. pass. גָּרוּר, v. גָּרוּד. to drag, to move without lifting;(also neut. verb) to follow. Sabb. 29ᵇ, a. fr. גורר אדם וכ׳ one may, on the Sabbath, pull or push a couch &c. (on the floor). Y. Kil. I, 27ᵇ bot. לא יָגוֹר אדם וכ׳ one must not pull &c. Tanḥ. Thazr. 8 גְּרָרוּהוּ מקברו they dragged him out of his grave. Tosef. Erub. XI (VIII), 13; Tosef. Bets. II, 19 דלת הגֹּורֶרֶת … הגֹּורְרִים (Y. Erub. X, 26ᵇ bot. גודרת, corr. acc., v. גָּדַר) a door which drags along the ground (on opening), a matting which is moved by dragging, or large kegs which &c.; Erub. 101ᵃ דלת הנִגְרֶרֶת … הנִגְרָר. Cant. R. to II, 15 אני גוֹרְרוֹ למבולו I will drag him to the flood in which to perish; a. fr.—Tanḥ. Thazr. 9 (ref. to Ps. V, 5 יגרך) אין אתה נגרר … ואין הרעה גוֹרֶרֶת אותך וכ׳ neither art thou dragged behind (attracted by) evil, nor does evil drag (have power over) thee, nor does it dwell with thee; Yalk. Kings 231 אין אתה גורר אחר … גוררת אחריך.—Part. pass. גָּרוּרdragged along, hanging on.—Pl. גְּרוּרִים, גְּרוּרִין. Num. R. s. 18 ח׳ ג׳ eight threads dragged along (as fringes; Tanḥ. Korah 12 ח׳ חוטין). Ab. Zar. 3ᵇ, a. e. גרים ג׳ proselytes who have attached themselves but have not been admitted, v. גֵּר. to carry with it, to cause; to affect (v. גָּרַם). Y. Hor. I, 46ᵃ bot.; Y. Pes. VII, 34ᶜ שבט אחד גֹּורֵר וכ׳ (a majority of) one tribe affects the legal status of the entire nation, i.e. the majority of tribes (seven) decides, though it may be a minority of the people as a whole. Lev. R. s. 13, end (play on gerah, Lev. XI, 4 sq.) גָּרְרָה מלכות וכ׳ carried another government after it, i.e. was followed by another oppressive government. Ab. IV, 2 מצוה גוֹרֶרֶת וכ׳ a good deed begets a good deed &c. Tosef. Sabb. XV (XVI), 6 [read:] אין גֹּורֵר וכ׳ it is not considered a corpse so as to cause uncleanness to man or vessels. to saw, split. Sabb. XVII, 2 (122ᵇ) a saw (may be used on the Sabbath) לָגוֹר בה וכ׳ (Ms. M. לִגְרוֹר, Mish. ed. Pes. לגָרֵר, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) to saw cheese with it. Ohol. XV, 8 עתיד לָגוֹר Ar. intended to be sawed apart (ed. לגוד, fr. גדד, v. Tosef. ib. XV, 8). Tosef. Kel. B. Mets. II, 18 לָגוֹר וכ׳ to saw off a part &c. Nif. נִגְרַרto be dragged, pulled. Erub. X, 11 נגר הנג׳ a bolt which is dragged along (with the door, i.e. attached and hanging down). Ib. 101ᵃ, v. supra. Tanḥ. Thazr. 9, v. supra. Bets. II, 10 (23ᵇ) אינה נִגְרֶרֶת; Bets. אין נִגְרָרִין must not be dragged or pulled, a. fr. to be scraped, planed. B. Kam. 119ᵇ הנ׳ במגירה shavings, opp. נפסק במגירה chips.—Nidd. 55ᵇ נִגְרָרִין דרך הפה (secretions of the nose) scraped (discharged) through the mouth (v. גָּרַף). Pi. גֵּירַר, גֵּרַרto drag. Pes. IV, 9 (56ᵃ) ג׳ עצמות וכ׳ he had the bones of his father carried out on a bed of ropes. Pes. I, 2 (9ᵃ); a. fr.—Tosef. Sabb. VI (VII), 1 (a superstitious custom) המְגָרֶרֶת בנה וכ׳ Var. (ed. Zuck. המגוררת) one who drags her son among the dead (to the cemetery). to scrape, plane. Ib. XVI (XVII), 19 מְגָרְרָן he may scrape them (clean his feet of mud). Tosef. Kel. B. Mets. II, 17; Ḥull. 25ᵃ עתיד … לגָרֵר requiring planing for finish; a. fr.—Part. pass. מְגוֹרָר a) scratched, full of scabs. Gen. R. s. 64 (play on מגרר, Gen. XXVI, 26) ד"א מג׳ וכ׳ another explanation is m’gorar, for eruptions grew on him (with ref. to Job II, 8); Yalk. ib. 111; v. גָּרַר II. b) planed. Tosef. Sot. XV, 1 מְגוֹרָרוֹת במגר׳ היו Var. (ed. Zuck. היה מְגָרֵר) the stones were planed with a plane. Hithpa. הִתְגָּרֵרto be scraped. Tosef. Sabb. XVI (XVII), 19 אין מִתְגָּרְרִין במגוררת ed. Zuck. (Var. מגרדין במגרדת, Sabb. 147ᵇ גוררין במגררת, Ms. M. גודרין במגדירה, corr. acc.) one must not be scraped with a strigil. Ib. XXII, 6 (147ᵃ) מתגררין, Talm. ed. (Mish. מִתְגָּרְדִין, v. Rabb. D. S. to 147ᵇ, note 70). ↗ expanded
גְּרַרto drag, pull, push.—Part. pass. גְּרִירdragged, following, guided by. Targ. Y. II, Ex. XIV, 25 גְּרֵירַן וכ׳ (some ed. גריד׳) pushed from behind.—B. Kam. 18ᵇ בתר גופיה גְּרִירִין they are clinging to his body. Taan. 24ᵃ אנן בתרייהו גרירין Rashi (ed. גררינן, read גְּרִירִינָן, Ms. M. קאזלינן) we must be guided by their order. Ab. Zar. 72ᵇ all the wine in the barrel אגישתא … ג׳ moves towards the siphon. B. Mets. 85ᵃ דג׳ עלמא וכ׳ that all the world followed David. to scratch, scrape. Targ. Jud. VIII, 16, v. גְּרַד.—Ḥull. 83ᵇ ולִיגְרְרֵיה ונכסי (Ar. גרד) let him scrape off the blood and cover it. Ib. ונִגְרוֹר.—Part. גָּרֵיר Ib. to rub, to whet the appetite. Ber. 35ᵇ כי היכי דנִגְרְרֵיה לליביה (Ar. everywhere גרד) in order to stimulate his appetite. Ib. טובא גָרֵיר a large quantity has an appetizing effect. Pes. 107ᵇ מִגְרַר גָּרֵיר. Sabb. 140ᵇ משום דג׳ because it stimulates the appetite. Pa. גָּרֵירto make appetizing. Esth. R. to I, 9 [read:] אנא מְגָרֵיר וכ׳ I will make their drinks appetizing (induce them to get intoxicated, interpreting Jer. LI, 39; differ. in comment.).—2) to saw off. Targ. Y. Deut. XXXIII, 20 דמְגָרֵר וכ׳ (or דמַגְרַר Af., ed. דמִגְרַר, corr. acc.) for he cuts off the arm &c. (II מַפְרַק). Ithpa. אִתְגָּרַרto be dragged. Y. Kidd. I, 60ᵈ large bags דארחיהון מִתְגָּרְרָה which are commonly dragged (not lifted). to stimulate, instigate one another. Targ. Ps. XXII, 8 מִתְגָּרְרִין (some ed. מִתְגָּרְדִין, ed. Lag. מִתְגָּרִין, fr. גרי; h. text יפטירו). ↗ expanded
*גָּרַר 2 (fr. a Polel of גּוּר; cmp. גָּלַל) to roll; cmp. גַּרְגַּר.—Part. pass. מְגוֹרָרwhirled, reeling. Gen. R. s. 64 (play on מגרר, Gen. XXVI, 26) מג׳ … שנכנסו וכ׳ reeling (after a night revel) &c.; v. גָּרַר I. Hithpa. הִתְגָּרֵר, , Hithpol. הִתְגּוֹרֵר (v. Jer. XXX, 23, cmp. XXIII, 19) to roll one’s self, esp. (cmp. חָבַט II, חָנַן, נָפַל Hithpa.) to lie in contrition, asking forgiveness. Mekh. B’shall., Vayassa 1, [read as in] Yalk. Ex. 256 (ref. to וישלך אל המים, Ex. XV, 25, as if meaning, ‘and he caused them to throw themselves down in contrition over their sin by the sea-side’). היו ישראל מתחננים ומִתְגָּרְרִים … כבן שהוא מתחנן לפני אביו וכתלמיד שמִתְגּוֹרֵר לפני רבו כך היו ישראל מתחננין ומִתְגּוֹרְרִין וכ׳ the Israelites prayed beseechingly and rolled themselves in contrition before &c. ↗ expanded
גְּרָרִיקִי (a Greek formation fr. גְּרָר, LXX Γέραροι) Gerariké, the district of G’rar in Philistea. Targ. Y. Gen. XX, 1 (Ar. ; ib. XXVI, 1.—Gen. R. s. 64 גרדיקי (corr. acc.); Y. Shebi. VI, 36ᶜ bot. גרריקו (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
גָּרַשׁ (b. h.) to stir up, to set in commotion. Sifré Deut. 39; Yalk. ib. 859 יכול יהו מים גּוֹרְשִׁין את העפר ממקום בקעה וכ׳ you might suppose the (rain) water will stir up the (fat) ground of the valley, and thus the valley will lack (drinking) water. (cmp. טָרַד) to banish; to send off, divorce (a wife).—Part. pass. גָּרוּשׁ, f. גְּרוּשָׁה q. v. Pi. גֵּירַשׁ, גֵּרַשׁto send off, banish. Gen. R. s. 21.—Esp. to give a letter of divorce. Gitt. IX, 1 הַמְּגָרֵשׁ וכ׳ if one divorces his wife and says, on handing her the letter, &c.; a. v. fr.—Ib. VI, 5 if one says (to his delegates) … גָּרְשׁוּהָ ga’rshuha, they are authorized to write and deliver to her a letter of divorce (geresh being the colloquial term for divorcing). Pa. גּוּרָשׁto be banished, &c. Pirké d’R. El. ch. XIX; XX ג׳ ויצא וכ׳ he was banished and he left paradise.—Part. מְגוּרָשׁ, f. מְגוּרֶשֶׁת. Gitt. VII, 4 מג׳ ואינה מג׳ she is and is not divorced, i.e. her divorce is doubtful, and she has to suffer the disqualifications of a married and of a divorced woman. Ib. 5; a. v. fr. Hithpa. הִתְגָּרֵשׁ,Nithpa נִתְגָּרֵשׁ,to be banished; to be divorced. Midr. Till. to Ps. XCII. Gitt. 65ᵃ מִתְגָּרֶשֶׁת בקידושי וכ׳ she is entitled to receive a letter of divorce for herself even though her father had contracted the marriage in her behalf; a. v. fr. [ to be stirred up, become muddy, thick. Midr. d’R. Akiba, Alef (Jellinek Beth Hammidrash III, 13).] ↗ expanded
גְּרַשׁ 1Pa.גָּרֵישׁ. Pes. 110ᵇ דגָרְשָׁהּ לאיתתיה Ms. M. (ed. דגרשא, corr. acc.) who had divorced his wife. Ber. 56ᵃ תרי נשי מְגָרְשׁת it will be thy destiny to divorce two wives. Arakh. 23ᵃ דלִיגָרֵש לדביתהו that he should divorce &c. Ib. אטו כל דמִגָרֵשׁ וכ׳ does every one who divorces his wife, give divorce in court?; a. fr. Ithpe. אִיגְּרַשׁ , infin. אִיגְּרוּשֵׁיto be divorced. Gitt. 78ᵃ בת אי׳ in a fit condition to receive a letter of divorce. ↗ expanded
*גְּרַשׁ 2 (cmp. גררto drag) to hoist up. Y. Kil. IX, 32ᶜ top. Y. Keth. XII, 35ᵇ top [read:] ואין עניית אתון גרשין לי and if I call, ye will hoist me up; (Koh. R. to IX, 10 שרר; Mat. K. quotes גדש, v. גְּדַשׁ II). ↗ expanded
גֶּרֶשׂ v. גָּרִיס) grits. Sifra Vayikra, N’dabah, ch. XIV, Par. 13 אפשר יקלנו ג׳ I might think he must roast it after being pounded; Men. 66ᵇ ↗ expanded
גִּרְשָׂא Targ. Y. Lev. II, 14; 16 Levita (ed. פירוכ׳). ↗ expanded
*גְּרֵתִיקוֹן (γῆ κρητική, creta) chalk, white earth used for cleansing silver ware. Sabb. 50ᵃ גרתי׳ Ar. (ed. גרתקון, גרתקין); Y. Bets. IV, 62ᶜ bot. קרטי׳; Tosef. Bets. IV, 10 קירטון ed. Zuck. (Var. קרקתין, קרתתין). [Rashi to Sabb. l. c. expl. אלום, describing tartar deposited in wine vessels; Ar.: pulverised resin.] ↗ expanded
גָּשׁוֹשׁ(גשש), ג׳ של ספינה prob. framework of a ship (v. גָּשִׁישׁ); comment.: sounding pole. Sabb. 125ᵇ (Ms. M. אגושש, Ms. O. גשיש; v. Sm. Ant. s. v. Contus). ↗ expanded
גָּשׁוֹשָׁא (v. preced.) one carrying the sounding pole in advance of the ship, sounder. Pl. גָּשׁוֹשֵׁי Sabb. 100ᵇ (Ms. O. גְּשׁוֹשָׁאֵי). one tracing treasures buried in the ground.—Pl. גְּשׁוֹשָׁאֵי. B. Mets. 42ᵃ ↗ expanded
גָּשִׁישׁ (גּוּשׁ, גָּשַׁשׁ; formed like עָצִיץ) [ sounding apparatus, v. גָּשׁוֹשׁ.] a frame on which the couch is spread (sponda). Zab. III, 1; 3 ג׳ של מטה; Tosef. ib. IV, 4. Ib. Mikv. VI (VII), 17 הג׳ החיצון the outer frame (of a double bed, sponda exterior, v. Sm. Ant. s. v. Lectus). Esth. R. to I, 6.—Pl. גָּשִׁישִׁים, גָּשִׁישִׁין. Tosef. Kel. B. Mets. VIII, 3 הג׳ של קיטליזקי (ed. Zuck. קיטליאקי, read ס for א) the bed-frames of the little bed chambers (κοιτωνίσκοι—which are taken apart or placed against the wall in day time).—*Tosef. Mikv. VI, 8 ג׳ ע"ג השבר Ar. (ed. קשקשים, Sabb. 53ᵃ קשישין) splints↗ expanded
גָּשַׁם v. גּוּשׁ) to make the earth cloddy (v. Ges. H. Dict.10 s. v.).—Part. pass. גָּשׁוּםcloddy in consequence of ample rains. Y. Yoma V, 42ᶜ top שנת גְּשׁוּמָה שחונה וכ׳ (sub. ארץ) a year in which the earth forms clods, then is parched so as to form scabs, and then moistened with dew; Bab. ib. 53ᵇ שנת שחונה שנת ג׳ Ms. M. (ed. שנה ג׳ ושח׳, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note), expl. אם שח׳ (היא) תהא ג׳ if it is to be parched, let it first be soaked with heavy rains; Lev. R. s. 20; Tanḥ. Aḥăré 3 (corr. acc.); ed. Bub. ib. 4. Hof. הוּגְשָׁם (denom. of גֶּשֶׁם) to be frought with rain, rain-bringing. B. Bath. 25ᵇ since the destruction of the Temple לא הוּגְשְׁמָה וכ׳ the south wind has not been rain-bringing. ↗ expanded
גֶּשֶׁם 1preced.) heavy, continuous rain. Taan. 3ᵇ לא אמר מוריד הַגָּ׳ if he failed to insert in the second benediction (v. גְּבוּרָה) ‘Who sendeth rain’.—Pl. גְּשָׁמִים. Taan. I, 1, a. fr. גבורות ג׳, v. גְּבוּרָה. Ib. 2 שואלין את הג׳ we insert the petition for rain in the ninth benediction, v. שַׁאֲלָה.—ימות הג׳ rainy season, autumn and winter. Ib. 3ᵇ. Toh. VI, 7, v. בִּקְעָה; a. v. fr.—שְׂדֵה גְ׳ (or sub. שדה) a field naturally watered by rain, opp. שלחין. Bekh. VI, 3 של ג׳ from fields with natural irrigation; cmp. בַּעַל. [In later Hebr. literature גֶּשֶׁםsubstance, v. next w.]. ↗ expanded
גֶּשֶׁם 2 (גשם, v. גּוּשְׁמָא) body, self. Dan. IV, 30.—Pl. גִּשְׁמַיָּא. Lam. R. to I, 5 לא יהבין גִּשְׁמֵיהוֹן (Koh. R. to VII, 11 גרמיהון) they will not devote themselves to warfare. ↗ expanded
גְּשָׁמָה (v. preced., cmp. גָּשִׁישׁ) frame, door-stop against which the door shuts. Erub. 101ᵃ (explain. ‘a widowed door’) דלית לה ג׳ (Ms. M. בשמא, a clerical error for כשמא, oth. Var. גְּשָׁאמָא, כְּשָׁאמָא, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note; גִּישְׁתְּמָא, reduplic. of גשם, cmp. גזוזטרא, v. Ar. ed. Koh. s. v. גשם) which does not shut against a frame. ↗ expanded
גָּשַׁר (v. גשש) to join, esp. to make a bridge. Ab. Zar. 2ᵇ הרבה גשרים גָּשַׁרְנוּ we have built numerous bridges. ↗ expanded
גְּשַׁר B. Kam. 113ᵇ קטילי … וגַשְׁרֵי גִשְׁרֵי they (the government officials) fell trees (belonging to private persons) and build bridges. ↗ expanded
גֶּשֶׁר (preced.) bridge, ferry. Erub. 55ᵇ; Tosef. ib. VI (V), 4 הקבר והג׳ וכ׳ graves and bridges (in the outskirts of towns) which have a place of shelter.—Gen. R. s. 76, end עשה עצמו כג׳ וכ׳ Jacob constituted himself a ferry, taking persons from one shore and setting them down on the other (Mat. K. כגַשָּׁר like a ferry-man).—Pl. גְּשָׁרִים, גְּשָׁרִין. Erub. V, 1. Ib. IX, 4 ג׳ המפולשים bridges under which there is an open passage. Ab. Zar. 2ᵇ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
גִּשְׁרָאboard, joist (cmp. כָּשׁוֹרָא).—Pl. גִּשְׁרִין. Targ. Ezek. XXVII, 5 Levita (ed. גִּשְׁרִיךְ, גִּשְׁרָךְ). bridge. Ber. 59ᵇ he who sees the Euphrates אג׳ דבבל from the bridge (or ferry) of Babylon; a. fr.—Pl. גִּשְׁרַיָּא, גִּשְׁרֵי, גִּיֹשְ׳. Targ. Y. I Ex. XX, 26. Targ. Nah. II, 7 (h. text שערי).—B. Kam. 113ᵇ, v. גְּשַׁר. B. Bath. 73ᵇ.—[Sabb. 67ᵃ top וז׳ סיכי מז׳ גָּשׁוֹרֵי (Ms. M. גשרי)—prob. a Var. of preceding וז׳ ציבי מז׳ כשורי, v. כָּשׁוֹרָא.] ↗ expanded
גָּשַׁשׁ v. גּוּשׁ) to touch a substance, to strike against. Ḥall. II, 2; Y. ib. 58ᶜ top הספינה גוֹשֶׁשֶׁת the ship touches the ground (in harbor). Pi. גִּישֵּׁשׁto feel, grope. Y. Yoma V, 42ᶜ היה מְגַשֵּׁשׁ וכ׳ entered groping &c. Pilp. גִּשְׁגֵּשׁ (cmp. קשקש, כשכש) to beat, ring. Lev. R. s. 8 (ref. to Jud. XIII, 25, cmp. פַּעֲמֹן) התחיל רוה"ק לגַשְׁגֵּשׁ וכ׳ the holy spirit began to ring in Samson. Hithpa. הִתְגַּשֵּׁשׁ, , Hithpol. הִתְגּוֹשֵׁשׁ, Hithpalp. הִתְגַּשְׁגֵּשׁ, Nithpa. נִתְגַּשֵּׁשׁto wrestle, fight. Gen. R. s. 22; s. 77; Cant. R. to III, 6. Ex. R. s. 28, beg. to exercise one’s strength, practice. Pesik. S’liḥoth. p. 166ᵃ גבור שהוא מִתְגּוֹשֵׁש וכ׳ a warrior practicing on a stone-cutter’s stone. ↗ expanded
גְּשַׁשׁPa.גַּשֵּׁשׁsame, to feel, touch. Targ. Y. Gen. XXVII, 12; 22 (h. text מוש). Gitt. 67ᵇ bot. גַּשְּׁשֵׁיה he (being blind) touched it (and felt the bone). ↗ expanded
גִּשְׁתָּא ² (preced.; cmp. גָּשׁוֹשָׁא) sounding tube; ג׳ ובת ג׳ a large and small tube, i.e. a siphon. Ab. Zar. 72ᵇ אסיק חמרא בג׳ brought up wine through the siphon. Ib. a gentile came and put his hand אג׳ on the large tube. Ib. אג׳ … גריר, v. גְּרַר. ↗ expanded
גַּת 1Gath in Philistea. Snh. 102ᵃ; a. e. ↗ expanded
גַּת 2 , with suffix גִּתּ־, גִּיתּ־ (contr. of גֶּנֶת) a marked-off space. Tosef. Ohol. XV, 7 ‘the court of a burying place’ זו הגת … לתוכה (R. S. to Ohol. XV, 8, ed. Zuck. לתוכו, Var. גל) is the marked space into which the caverns open.—Par. IV, 2 שרפה חוץ מגִּתָּהּ if he burnt the cow outside of the place selected for the purpose; Zeb. XIV, 1; Tosef. Par. III, 9 sq.—Pl. גִּתּוֹת, גִּיתּ׳. Par. l. c. ↗ expanded
גַּת 3 , with suffix גִּתּ־, גִּיתּ־ (b. h.; vat for wine pressing; (שעת)הג׳ the season of wine pressing. Ab. Zar. V, 11 ג׳ של אבן a stone vat, של חרס an earthen. Ib. IV, 8, v. בָּעַט. Ḥag. III, 4 (24ᵇ) מניחה לג׳ הבאה he may reserve it for the next season (and give it to the priest). Ib. 25ᵇ דבר שאין לו ג׳ something which has no special manufacturing season (e.g. date wine); a. fr.—Lam. R. introd. 32 (play on מבליגֹיֹתֹיֹ, Jer. VIII, 18) עשיתי לביתי גִּותִּי I made my house my vat (cmp. Lam. I, 15).—Pl. גִּיתּוֹת, גִּתּ׳.—בית הגי׳ the press room. Tosef. Ter. III, 7; Y. ib. II, 41ᵇ bot. בית הגיתי׳ (corr. acc.)—Tosef. l. c. שתי ג׳ לבור וכ׳ two vats for one pit; a. fr. ↗ expanded