פָּאבִי (Φοίβη) Pabi, Piabi, mother of a priest Ishmael. Tosefta Yoma 1, 21 (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) פואבי, variant reading פא׳, פיא׳); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 40ᵈ top פיא׳; Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 35ᵇ פא׳ (Munich manuscript פיא׳); and elsewhere; see יִשְׁמָעאֵל. ↗ original
פָּאגֵיBeth Pagé (Βηθφαγῆ), a fortified suburb of Jerusalem. Pesachim 91ᵃ (Munich manuscript 2 פגים, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 5). the same place (ibid.) 63ᵇ (Munich manuscript 2 פגים); Menachoth 78ᵇ. Sotah 45ᵃ; Sanhedrin 14ᵇ בית פאגי (Munich manuscript בית הפאגי). ↗ original
פֵּאָה פאה to split, divide; see Ges. H. Dictionary12 under the word) section, segment, corner.—plural פֵּאוֹת, פֵּי׳. Eruvin 51ᵃ (referring to Numbers 35, 5) פ׳ כתיבן the text speaks of corners (angular additions); the same place (ibid.) לזה אתה נותן פ׳ אין אתה נותן פ׳ וכ׳ for this purpose (the definition of suburbs) you allow corners to be included (i.e. square measurements), but you must not allow corners to those appointing a Sabbath center (שְׁבִיתָה), i.e. you must allow them to walk only within a circle the radius of which is two thousand cubits. the same place (ibid.) 11ᵃ בארבע פ׳ השדה Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition פינות) in the four corners of the field; and elsewhere—Esp. פְּאַת ראש the hair on the temples; פאת זקןthe hair on the chin. Makkoth 3, 5 המקיף פ׳ ראשו והמשחית פ׳ זקנו (see Leviticus 19, 27) he who cuts off (shaves) the hair of his temples and destroys the hair of his chins; explained the same place (ibid.) 20ᵇ פאת ראשו סוף ראשו וכ׳ the peah of his head means cutting the tail-end of the hair of his head … making his temples as smooth as the spot behind the ear and as the forehead; פאת זקנו סוף זקנו וכ׳ the peah of his chin means the pointed ends of his chin etc., see שִׁיבּוֹלֶת; Sifra K’dosh., Parah 3, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 6; and elsewhere—In gen. curls; פ׳ נכרית strange (false) curls, wig. Shabbath 6, 5. Nazir 28ᵇ; and elsewhere (פאת שדה) the corner of the field, the portion of the harvest left for the poor, peah (Leviticus 19, 9 and the following) Sifra K’dosh., Parah 1, Chaldaic (Aramaic) I פטור מן הלקט … והפ׳ is exempt from the duty of leaving for the poor the gleanings, the forgotten sheaf, and the corner. the same place (ibid.) חייבים בפ׳ are subject to peah. the same place (ibid.) אין פ׳ אלא מחמת הכילוי וכ׳ the title of peah comes only through the finishing (of the cutting of the field, i.e. if one left a plot uncut in the middle of a field, the poor cannot take it, before the field is entirely cut), and only when it has a name (has been designated by the owner as the poor man’s share), and the real peah is only that which is left at the end (i.e. he who has left a plot in the middle, must also leave a corner); the same place (ibid.) נתן בתחילה הרי זו פ׳ if he left a portion on beginning to cut or in the middle, it is peah (belongs to the poor, and is exempt from tithes etc.); Peah 1, 3; and very frequently (transf.) braid, vines plaited together so as to form a cover or a partition. Tosefta Kilayim 4, 5 אם היו קנים מדוקרנין עושה אותן פ׳ מלמעלה ומותר if forked reeds were standing there, he forms a plait above, and it is permitted (it forms a partition with regard to mixed seeds); Eruvin 11ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 4, 29ᵇ מציל משום פ׳ it saves (makes the place marked off by reeds a partitioned field) the same as a garland of vines. the same place (ibid.) הדא פ׳ מה את וכ׳ what do you mean by that peah? do you mean overhead, or on the side? the same place (ibid.) bottom of the page הפ׳ אינה וכ׳ the ‘plait’ does not save (is not considered a partition), unless it is solidly joined on four sides. the same place (ibid.) פ׳ מהו שתציל בסוכה do intertwined vines form a partition with regard to Succah (to be considered a wall)?; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 1, 52ᵃ bottom of the page Eruvin the passage cited top פ׳ מותרת לענין כלאים וכ׳ (Munich manuscript פ׳ קליעית קליעית, being a gloss to פ׳; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) ‘braids’ form a partition with regard to mixed seeds, but not with regard to Sabbath laws; and frequently—Peah, name of a treatise of Mishnah, Tosefta and Talmud Y’rushalmi, of the Order of Z’raʿim. ↗ original
פְּאֵר פאר to cut off; to distinguish) ornament, crown, bonnet of distinction. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 82ᵈ top (referring to פארך, Ezekiel 24, 17) אית דבעי מימר אילו התפלין some say, this refers to the T’fillin (which ordinarily a mourner must not put on); אית דבעי מימר זה הגיהוץ some say, this refers to glossy linen (festive dress, see גִּיהוּץ); Berachoth 11ᵃ אבל חייב … שהרי נאמר בהם פ׳ a mourner is bound to observe all ceremonial laws …, except that of T’fillin, which are called an ornament; the same place (ibid.) 16ᵇ; and elsewhere—*plural פְּאֵרוֹתhead-ornaments, pearls, trinkets (strung on chains or cords). Avodah Zarah 47ᵃ בני מעיה מהו לפ׳ may its small intestines be used for pearl-strings? [Munich manuscript לכנורות, see כִּנּוֹר; edition Pesachim a. other פְּאוֹרוֹת; compare Biblical Hebrew פֻּארָה, פֹּארֹת]. ↗ original
פָּאַר (Biblical Hebrew), Pi'elפֵּאֵר (denominative of the preceding) to cut the crown off. Chullin 131ᵃ, and the following (referring to תְפָאֵר, Deuteronomy 24, 20) שלא תטול תפארתו ממנו thou must not cut the crown off it (the last berries). to crown, glorify. Vayikra Rabbah section 2 כל מה … לגדלן ולפָאֲרָן פָּאֵר … להִתְפָּאֵר בהם as much as thou canst praise Israel, praise, as much as thou canst raise and glorify them, glorify, for I am to be glorified through them; Tanchuma Ki Thissa 8; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Shekalim, p. 17ᵇ לפָאֲרוֹ פָּאֲרוֹ; and elsewhere—participle passive מְפוֹאָר; feminine מְפוֹאָרָה, מְפוֹאֶרֶת. Taanith 7ᵃ (to R. Joshua) אי חכמה מפ׳ בכלי מכוער O for that glorious wisdom in an ugly vessel! Avodah Zarah 24ᵇ, see עֲדִי 2. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְפָּאֵרto lord it, rule. Sifré Deuteronomy 284 (referring to תפאר, see above) לא תִתְפָּאֵר לעני do not make thyself the master of the poor man (i.e. do not decide who shall and who shall not get the gleanings etc.); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 937. to be adorned, glorified. Vayikra Rabbah the passage cited, and elsewhere, see above. Esther Rabbah to 3, 6, see פּוּרְפּוּרָא; and elsewhere ↗ original
פָּארֵי 1 (= פררי; פְּרַר) coarse bran. Gittin 56ᵇ אשקוהו מיא דפ׳ they gave him bran water to drink. the same place (ibid.) 69ᵃ, see נַפְיָא. Bava Bathra 92ᵇ (proverb) מן מרי רשותך פ׳ איפרע from a debtor of thine accept (even) bran in payment; Bava Kamma 46ᵇ; Bava Metzia 118ᵃ. Pesachim 111ᵇ פ׳ בביתא קשי לעניותא bran scattered in the house is bad for (brings) poverty. Bechoroth 8ᵇ (in a facetious conversation, see בְּדִיאֵי) אפשילו לי חבלי מפ׳ וכ׳ twist me ropes of bran, and etc. ↗ original
פָּאתָא 1 = Hebrew פֵּאָה. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 19, 9. the same place (ibid.) 27. the same place (ibid.) 23, 22 (edition Berlin edition פתא). the same place (ibid.) 21, 5 (edition Berlin edition פתא). Targum Isaiah 3, 16 בפָתְהֶן מקפן they cut their locks (see below). the same place (ibid.) 24. Targum Jeremiah 9, 25; 25, 23.—plural פָּוָותָא, פָּוָתָא. Targum Isaiah 3, 16 בפָוָתְהֶין edition Venice I (see above). ↗ original
פָּאתָא 2 (פתי = פתח) door, entrance.—plural construct state פָּאתֵי. Targum Job 3, 9 (10) (edition Lagarde edition פרתי), see דּלְתָא. ↗ original
פַּג (פגג; compare Syriac (Peshitta) פכא Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 3124) jaw.—Dualפַּגַּיִם; בית פ׳halter. Bava Metzia 9ᵃ חמור ובית פַּגֶּיהָ (Munich manuscript ובי, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) the ass with the halter. ↗ original
פַּגָּא 1 Pesachim 112ᵃ ידא אפ׳ Munich manuscript, see אַוְסֵי.—plural פַּגֵּי (= בי פ׳) bit. Shabbath 51ᵇ (explained פרומביא) פ׳ דפרזלא iron bit. ↗ original
פַּגָּא 2 (the preceding; see פַּגָּה) kernel of grapes.—plural פַּגָּן. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 6, 4 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word פגן (edition זגין; Hebrew text זג). ↗ original
פַּגָּה (the preceding) hard, undeveloped berry, fig, date etc. Tosefta Shabbath 16 (17), 10 פ׳ שטמנה בתבן unripe fruit which one has put in straw; Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 2, 29ᵇ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 1, 27ᵇ (not בטבל); and elsewhere—Sanhedrin 107ᵃ אכלה פ׳ he enjoyed her as an unripe fruit (did not wait until she was his legitimate wife). Tanchuma Vayera 5 איוב בלעה פ׳ Job spoke rashly, opposite בשילה, see בָּשֵׁל; Bereshith Rabbah section 49 אמר פ׳ (correct accordingly).—Transferred undeveloped puberty, childhood. Niddah 5, 7, see בּוֹחַל.—plural פַּגִּים, פַּגִּין. Vayikra Rabbah section 31; Sifré Numbers 137. the same place (ibid.) פַּגֵּי שביעית bad figs of the Sabbatical year. Pesachim 53ᵃ; and frequently—בית פגים, see פָּאגֵי. ↗ original
פָּגוֹז (פגז, compare פגש) battering projectile.—plural פָּגוֹזוֹת בית הפ׳; catapult. Kelim 16, 8 edition Dehr. (edition פגושות). ↗ original
פָּגוֹזָא —plural פְּגוֹזִין. Targum Ezekiel 26, 9 פְּגוֹזוֹהִי (Maimonides to Kelim 16, 8 quotes פְּגוֹשׁוֹהִי; edition Dehr. פגוז׳). ↗ original
פָּגוּטְיָה ) proper noun of a place Paguṭiah (or Panuṭiah), near Bethshan. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 2, 22ᵈ top נפשה דפ׳ the monument of P. ↗ original
פָּגוּם 1 (פָּגַם; compare פְּגִימָה) semicircular turret, niche in a city wall; also independent turret open on one side. Eruvin 5, 1 how do you define city limits (see עָבַר)? בית … פ׳ נכנס פ׳ יוצא if (in a row of joined dwellings) one house stands outside the line and one inside, one turret (of the wall) is projected and one recedes. the same place (ibid.) 55ᵃ היה בית אחד יוצא כמין פ׳ if one house projects in the way of a turret (in a semicircle). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, 22ᵇ bottom of the page [read:] מן גו פ׳ measuring from the inside of the turret. the same place (ibid.) נותנין פ׳ לפ׳ we may allow an outer turret to a turret, i.e. we count the city limits from a turret which serves as a defence to a turret; and elsewhere—plural פְּגוּמִים. Eruvin the passage cited—Chaldaic פִּיגְמָא.—5. פְּגִימִין. ↗ original
פָּגוּם 2 participle passive of פָּגַם, which see (adjective) defective, especially (of legal status) inferior. Kiddushin 3, 12 כל מקום שיש … הולד הולך אחר הפ׳ wherever a betrothal is legally recognized, but a sin is connected with it, the issue follows the status of the inferior, e.g. if a high priest marries a widow etc. the same place (ibid.) 67ᵃ הלך אחר הפ׳ שבשניהם (in assigning the legal status of the issue) follow the inferior of the two parents; and elsewhere ↗ original
פִּגְיוֹן (corruption of pugio) dagger. Kelim 13, 1; Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 3, 1 הפגש (correct accordingly). Bava Metzia 84ᵃ הפיג׳. Bechoroth 5, 3 (35ᵃ) נטל פי׳ וצרם וכ׳ (Babylonian edition פיגום, correct accordingly) he (the Roman) took a dagger and cut into its ear. ↗ original
פְּגִימָא (see next word) violation, assault (of a woman). Sanhedrin 73ᵇ אפ׳ קפיד רחמנא Munich manuscript (edition אפִּיגְמָהּ) the Biblical law (Deuteronomy 22, 25 and the following) cares for (wishes to protect from) violation. ↗ original
פְּגִימָה (פָּגם) [incision, cavity,] notch. Chullin 17ᵇ ושאין בה אלא פ׳ אחת but a knife which has only one notch (see אָגַר 2); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 7. Chullin the passage cited פְּגִימַת עצם בפסח a cut in the bone of a Passover lamb (forbidden in Exodus 12, 46); פ׳ אוזן בבכור a cut in the ear of a first-born animal (by which it is rendered unfit as a sacrifice, and may be eaten by the priest outside of the seat of the sanctuary); פ׳ מום בקדשים the blemish, created by a cut, of a consecrated (female) sacrifice; וכולן פְּגִימָתָן כדי פ׳ המזבח and all of these incisions are measured by the standard of an indentation in the altar; the same place (ibid.) 18ᵃ וכמה פ׳ המזבח and how large is the indentation which unfits the altar?; see חָגַר 2; and frequently—plural פְּגִימוֹת. the same place (ibid.) 17ᵇ; and frequently concavity of an arch, crescent, etc. Rosh Hashanah 23ᵇ (explained לפני החמה the same place (ibid.) 2, 6) פְּגִימָתָהּ לפני החמה וכ׳ was the concave side of the crescent directed towards the sun or away from the sun? the same place (ibid.) מעולם … פגימתה של לבנה ולא פגימתה של קשת the sun never faces the concave of the crescent or the concave of a rainbow; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 58ᵃ פִּיגְמָתָהּ; and elsewhere violation (of virginity). Sanhedrin 73ᵇ במקפדת על פגימתה וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition פִּיגְמָהּ) when she is excited over her violation, and says etc.—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᵃ bottom of the page פגימה, read: פְּגוּמָה, see פָּגַם.] ↗ original
פְּגִימִין (an adaptation of pegma, as if frequently פָּגַם) [the things which impair a Jew’s civic qualifications,] a wooden structure for spectacles (see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Pegma). Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 1, 57ᶜ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 7, 37ᵈ bottom of the page אין מקבלין אותו עד שישבר פְּגִימָיו וכ׳ (the exhibitor of pigeon-races or beast-fights) is not declared free from disqualifications, until he breaks up his scenery, and he is examined and found to have really repented; Tosefta Sanhedrin 5, 2 פגימיו edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading פִּיגְמָיו); Babylonian Shevuoth 25ᵇ משישברו את פִּגְמֵיהֶן. ↗ original
פַּגִּין (denominative of פַּגָּא 2) hard, unripe.—plural פַּגִּינָין; feminine פַּגִּינָן. Vayikra Rabbah section 25 [read:] דהוון בשילן ולא פ׳ that they (the figs) were ripe (and soft) and not hard; Koheleth Rabbah to 2, 20. ↗ original
פְּגִינוּתָא (פְּגַן) cry for help, prayer. Targum Psalms 17, 1 פְּגִינְתִּי manuscript (edition פְּגִיעִי; edition Lagarde edition פְּגִיעֲתִי). the same place (ibid.) 102, 2 פגינתי edition Lagarde edition (other edition פְּגִינוּתִי). ↗ original
פְּגִיעָה (פָּגַע) meeting, contact, striking against. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 2, end, 8ᵈ (referring to Exodus 23, 4) יכול פ׳ ממש you might think, it means literally ‘striking against’ (and not merely seeing); Babylonian Bava Metzia 33ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) ואיזו היא ראייה שיש בה פ׳ and what is a ‘seeing’ which may be called ‘meeting’?; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 352. Bava Kamma 8, 4 העבד … פְּגִיעָתָן רעה וכ׳ coming in (hostile) contact with a slave or a woman is bad, for he who injures them is made responsible, whereas if they injure you, they cannot be made responsible (having no property of their own). entreaty, prayer. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 7ᵇ top (referring to ויפגע, Genesis 28, 11) אין פ׳ אלא תפלה the expression pagʿa means prayer (with referring to Jeremiah 27, 18; 7, 16); Bereshith Rabbah section 68; Sotah 14ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original
פָּגַל (compare פָּגַם) to mutilate; to make rejectable, loathsome; to unfit.—Denom. פִּגּוּל. Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּיגֵּל (denominative of פִּגּוּל) to make a sacrifice rejectable through improper mental disposal (Leviticus 19, 7); to be the cause of becoming piggul. Zevachim 13ᵇ טבילת אצבע מְפַגֶּלֶת בחטאת the act of dipping the finger in the blood of the sin-offering (with an inappropriate mental disposal, e.g. with the intention of offering the limbs the next day) unfits the sacrifice. Menachoth 2, 3 התודה מפגלת את … אינו מְפַגֵּל את התודה an inappropriate intention connected with the thank-offering unfits also the bread (that goes with the thank-offering), but an inappropriate intention with regard to the bread does not affect the thank-offering. the same place (ibid.) הכבשים מְפַגְּלִין וכ׳ improper intentions connected with the offering of the lambs affect etc. the same place (ibid.) 13ᵇ אין מתיר מפגל את המתיר one act which fits the sacrifice for eating (see מַתִּיר) cannot unfit another act of the same nature, e.g. if the priest on offering a handful of flour had in mind an unlawful application of the frankincense, the latter is not hereby made rejectable. the same place (ibid.) עד שיְפַגֵּל בשתיהן וכ׳ until he had in his mind an improper application of both of them to the extent of the size of an olive. the same place (ibid.) 17ᵃ הקטרה מפגלת הקטרה one offering burnt on the altar (if connected with an improper intention) may cause the unfitness of another offering. the same place (ibid.) אין מפגלין בחצי מתיר you cannot create piggul with one portion of the mattir (section above); and frequently—participle passive מְפוּגָּל; feminine מְפוּגֶּלֶת; plural מְפוּגָּלִים, מְפוּגָּלִין; מְפוּגָּלוֹת. the same place (ibid.) 2, 3, and the following Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 5, 5; and frequently Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְפַּגֵּל,Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְפַּגֵּלto be made rejectable, to becomeפִּגּוּל. Menachoth 13ᵇ פיגל בירך … לא נ׳ של שמאל if he had an improper intention with regard to the right side of the offering, the left did not become piggul (the priest eating thereof is not guilty). Zevachim 28ᵇ מה שלמים מפגלין ומִתְפַּגְּלִין וכ׳ as in the peace-offerings there are parts which create piggul (e.g. the sprinkling of the blood with a wrong intention concerning the limbs or the flesh) and again parts liable to become piggul, so in all things liable to become piggul, there must be parts which make, and parts which become piggul; and frequently ↗ original
פְּגַל , Pa'elפַּגֵּל Chaldaic (Aramaic) same. Menachoth 13ᵇ מְפַגְּלֵי אהדדי each may make the other piggul. the same place (ibid.) 16ᵃ מיהדר פַּגּוּלֵי בשלישית ל"ל (not פיגולי) why is the making piggul in the third act again mentioned?; and frequently Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִיפַּגֵּלto be made piggul. the same place (ibid.) 14ᵃ אילימא לאִיפַּגּוּלֵי דם דם מי מִיפַּגֵּל do you mean that the blood is to become piggul? Can blood become piggul?; לאיפגולי בשר that the flesh is to become piggul. Chullin 58ᵇ לענין איפגולי as regards becoming piggul; and frequently ↗ original
פָּגַם (compare פָּגַל) to cut, mutilate; to damage, lessen; in a transferred sense (compare פָּסַל) to disqualify, unfit. Bamidbar Rabbah section 21 כל הפּוֹגֵם את עצמו פיגם וכ׳ he who tarnishes his reputation discredits his family at the same time; Tanchuma Pinḥ. 2; Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 772. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 2, 20ᵇ פְּגָמָהּ הכתוב the Bible text curtailed her name (אביגל for אביגיל, I Samuel 25, 32). Arachin 16ᵇ, see אַכְסְנַאי. Bereshith Rabbah section 6 חוזר ופוגם אותה (not אותם) the text reduces her (the moon) again (calling her ‘the small light’). Pesachim 105ᵇ טעמו פְּגָמוֹ as soon as he tasted it (the wine in the cup), he rendered it unfit (for a cup of benediction); and frequently—participle passive פָּגוּם; feminine פְּגוּמָה etc. Sifré Deuteronomy 320 בזוי ופ׳ contemptible and detested (Yevamoth 63ᵇ משוקץ ומתועב). Kethuboth 40ᵇ בעל פ׳ if he had connection with an impaired woman (opposite שלימה). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᵃ bottom of the page כדי שלא … פ׳ (not פגימה) that it should not appear as if the right shoe were defective; and elsewhere—Esp. (law) to impair the legal value of a document by admitting a receipt on account (compare שׁוֹבֵר). Kethuboth 9, 7 הפּוֹגֶמֶת כתובתה a woman that impairs her marriage contract. explained the same place (ibid.) 8. the same place (ibid.) 87ᵇ פוגמת כתובתה בעדים if she states that she has received partial payment in the presence of witnesses. the same place (ibid.) פוחתת … היינו פוגמת if a woman lessens the amount in her marriage contract (declaring that it has been made out for a larger amount than had been agreed upon) …, is it the same as admitting partial payment or not? Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 9, 33ᵇ יורש שפ׳ אביו שטר חובו an heir whose father had admitted partial payment on a note of indebtedness in his possession; Tosefta Shevuoth 6, 5. Gittin 18ᵃ עד שתִּפְגּוֹם וכ׳, see זָקַף; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 9, beginning 39ᵇ; and frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְגָּם,Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְפַּגֵּםto be mutilated, diminished, impaired; to become defective, cracked, get out of order; to be discredited. Arachin 16ᵇ, see אַכְסְנַאי. Bechoroth 6, 1 נִפְגְּמָה אזנו if the ear of the first-born animal has become defective (lopped, bored through). the same place (ibid.) 4 שנִפְגְּמוּ, see גָּמַם. Arachin 10ᵇ והיה קולו ערב ונפ׳ and the sound of the flute was sweet, but it became impaired. the same place (ibid.) אלו שני כלים … ונִתְפַּגְּמוּ וכ׳ those were the two implements that had remained from the first Temple, but they became defective and could not be mended; and frequently ↗ original
פְּגַם [Targum Job 25, 5 פָּגְמָא סיהרא, see פְּגָמָא.]—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, beginning 12ᵈ למרגלית דלית … פַּגְמָהּ it is like a jewel of inestimable value, however high a price one may set upon it, one undervalues it. Kethuboth 41ᵃ דלא קא פָגֵים לה when he does not damage her (in the public esteem); and elsewhere—participle passive פָּגִים, פְּגִימָא; feminine פְּגִימְתָּא. Pesachim 106ᵃ כסא פ׳ a defective cup of wine (not full); חביתא פ׳ a defective cask; and elsewhere Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִיפַּגֵּם,Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִיפְּגַם as the precedingNif'al Bava Metzia 116ᵃ כיון דמִיפַּגְּמָא because it is easily damaged (battered); and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּגָם (the preceding words) injury, deterioration; blemish, discredit. Tanchuma Vayishl. 5 פ׳ הוא לאשה it is discreditable to a woman (to be showy). Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 8, end, 6ᶜ; Babylonian Bava Kamma 93ᵃ משום פְּגַם משפחה because it is a discredit to the entire family. Gittin 59ᵇ משום פְּגָמוֹ של ראשון because it might cast a reflection on his predecessor (making it appear as if he were not a legitimate priest); משום פ׳ שניהם because it reflects on both of them. Sotah 41ᵃ משום פגמו של ראשון because it discredits the scroll first used (as if it had been found unfit for reading in it). Sifré Numbers 92 דברי פ׳ criticising words, opposite דברי שבח. Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 846 ע"א קרויה לשם פְּגָמָהּ וכ׳ a heathen deity is named with an opprobrious epithet, as ḥerem, shekets etc., opposite לשם שבח; and frequently—נותן טעם לפ׳, see טַעַם. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 8 (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) אנן בעינן נתן ביה פ׳ וכ׳ we desire to discredit him (the idol), by being there and not bowing to him etc.—Sanhedrin 73ᵇ פִּיגְמָהּ (from פֶּגֶם), see פְּגִימָה. indemnity for deterioration in value or social standing, to be paid to a seduced or outraged girl. Kethuboth 3, 4 המפתה נותן בושת ופ׳ וקנס the seducer must pay an indemnity for exposure to shame and for loss of value, and a fine besides. the same place (ibid.) 7 פ׳ רואין אותה וכ׳ as to indemnity for loss of value, we estimate her as if she were a handmaid to be sold etc. (see פְּגִימָה) the decrease of the moon; in a transferred sense decline. Pesikta Rabbati section 15 (referring to Psalms 89, 38) כהדין סיהרא … אתם מונין לפְגָמוֹ like the moon: if you do good, you shall count by its fulness (by referring to your political ascendancy); if not, you shall count by its decrease (by the symptoms of decline); Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Haḥod., p. 53ᵃ לפְגָמָהּ; see next word↗ original
פְּגָמָאblemish, discredit. Sotah 41ᵃ ומי חיישינן לפ׳ do we take into consideration that a scroll may be discredited by reading from a second one in the same service? the same place (ibid.) תלתא … ליכא פ׳ … בתרי סיפרי איכא פ׳ when three persons read successively from three scrolls, there is no discredit, but when one person reads from two scrolls, there is discredit (it has the appearance as if the first scroll had been found defective); Yoma 70ᵃ; and elsewhere the decrease of the moon, wane. Targum Job 25, 5 עד דפְגָמָא דסיהרא וכ׳ manuscript (edition דפָגְמָא סיהרא, read: דס׳) until the wane of the moon is in the east, the sun does not shine (simultaneously with the moon, see פְּגִימָה). Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Haḥod., p. 53ᵃ; Pesikta Rabbati section 15 אברהם … על מלייא רחבעם … הא סיהרא על פִּיגְמָה Abraham, Isaac, … Solomon—that is the moon in its growth to fulness; Rehoboam … Zedekiah—that is the moon on the wane; see the precedingsemicircular turret, see פִּיגְמָא. ↗ original
פָּגַן (compare פָּגַע); Hif'il הִפְגִּין to entreat, cry for help. Bava Kamma 114ᵇ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) הבגין). Taanith 18ᵃ עמדו והַפְגִּינוּ בלילה rise and cry by night; הלכו והִפְגִּינוּ וכ׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) והב׳) they went and cried etc. ↗ original
פָּגָן (paganus) villager, commoner, civilian. Ylamdenu to Leviticus 5, 21, quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פולח פ׳ וכ׳ a soldier and a civilian who provoked the king to anger (Tanchuma Vayikra 6 קרתני ובן פלטרין). Tanchuma, edition Buber edition, Vayera 21; Bereshith Rabbah section 50, and elsewhere, see סָגוּם. Bamidbar Rabbah section 15; Tanchuma Bhaʿăl. 11; edition Buber edition 20 היום איפרכוס למחר פ׳ למחר קומוס למחר סרדיוט (not סגן) (under the Roman government) one is to-day a consul, to-morrow a civilian etc., see סְרַדְיוֹט; and elsewhere—plural פָּגָאנִים, פָּגָנִים. Shemoth Rabbah section 15 (Matt. K. פָּגָאנִין). ↗ original
פָּגָנָא —plural פָּגָנַיָּא, פָּגָנַיָּיא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Horayoth 3, end, 48ᶜ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 12, 13ᶜ bottom of the page תרין זרעיין … בולווטייא ופ׳ there were two families in Sepphoris, a senatorial family and a family of commoners (see בּוּלֶבְטֵס). ↗ original
פָּגָנִיקָא (paganica, supply (understood word) indumenta); מאנין פ׳garments of a commoner. Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 24 (referring to I Samuel 28, 8) מ׳ פ׳ he put on a commoner’s garments; Vayikra Rabbah section 26 מאנויין נפיקא (correct accordingly). ↗ original
פָּגַע (Biblical Hebrew) to strike against, come in contact with, meet; (in a hostile sense) to attack, strike. Tanchuma Vayishl. 4 כיון שפ׳ בעשו when he met Esau. Bereshith Rabbah section 75 פ׳ בלובשי ברזל he met those clad in iron armor. Sukkah 52ᵇ, and elsewhere אם פ׳ בך מנוול זה, see נָוַול. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 3, 64ᵈ bottom of the page ולמה לא פָּגַעְתָּה בו (not ביה) why didst thou not connect thyself with him? Bamidbar Rabbah section 5 כדי שלא תִפְגַּע בכולם מדת הדין וכ׳ (not יפגע) in order that divine justice might not strike all of them, he took half of his name (the letter ה) etc. Shemoth Rabbah section 5, end בקשה … לִפְגּוֹעַ במשה divine justice wanted to strike Moses. Koheleth Rabbah to 9, 11 עת היא שפּוֹגַעַת באדם וכ׳ (not האדם), see עִרְעֵר 3. to beseech, entreat. Bereshith Rabbah section 68 (referring to Genesis 28, 11) וַיִּפְגַּע במקום … מפני מה וכ׳ ‘and he entreated the Lord’ … why is the Lord surnamed maḳom? (see מָקוֹם). the same place (ibid.) מהו ויפגע במקום צלי וכ׳ what does vayifgʿa bammaḳom mean? He prayed on the site of the Temple; and elsewhere—participle passiveפָּגוּעַ; plural פְּגוּעִיןstricken, afflicted (with insanity). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᵇ top, see פֶּגַע. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְגַּעto be stricken; to suffer. the same place (ibid.) משנ׳ after one has been stricken; Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 10, 26ᶜ bottom of the page Chagigah 14ᵇ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 3 הציץ ונ׳ he looked (into the divine secrets, see פַּרְדֵּס) and became demented; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 77ᵇ top of the page Shabbath 13ᵇ אין שוטה נ׳ a maniac cannot be stricken with dementia (one overladen with sorrows becomes indifferent to new afflictions); and elsewhere Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְגִּיעַto cause suffering, afflict, see מַפְגִּיעַ. to suffer. Koheleth Rabbah the passage cited עת … והוא מַפְגִּיעַ time strikes man …, and he suffers, see עִרְעֵר 3. to entreat. the same place (ibid.) פעמים שאדם מפגיע וכ׳ at times man prays and is answered etc. ↗ original
פְּגַע 1to meet. Targum Proverbs 17, 12 (Hebrew text פגוש). the same place (ibid.) 29, 13 (variant reading פגיחו); and elsewhere—Bereshith Rabbah section 36, beginning פ׳ ביה שידא וכ׳ the demon Sh’madon met him; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 61; Vayikra Rabbah section 5 פ׳ ליה וכ׳ (correct accordingly). Bava Kamma 99ᵇ פַּגְעוּ ביה … גברא R. K. and R. A. met that man. Berachoth 58ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 3, 64ᵈ bottom of the page יאות עביד דלא פ׳ ביה he did right not to connect himself with that man. the same place (ibid.) top דלא תִפְגַּע בהון, see פְּסוּלָא I; and frequently to plague. Bereshith Rabbah section 58; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 102 פַּגְעוּנֵיה, see סְרַס. Af'el הִפְעִיל אַפְגִּיעַto intercede, pray. Targum Esther 4, 14. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְפְּגַעto happen. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᶜ bottom of the page ומִתְפְּגַע ביה and it happened to him (he died). ↗ original
פֶּגַעthe preceding) contact, accident, (evil) occurence; affliction, plague. Berachoth 17ᵃ ותצילני מפ׳ רע and save me from meeting with evil; and elsewhere—plural פְּגָעִים, פְּגָעִיןevil spirits. Shevuoth 15ᵇ (explained בשיר, Mishnah the same place (ibid.) 2, 2) the song of thanksgiving (Psalms 30) ושיר של פ׳ וכ׳ and the song referring to evil spirits (Psalms 91, 1—9), and some call it song of n’gaʿim (plagues, with referring to ונגע, the same place (ibid.) 10); Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 10, 26ᶜ bottom of the page אומרין היו שיר של פ׳ וכ׳ they used to recite the ‘song of demons’ in Jerusalem (in the Temple, when one was threatened with insanity); Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᵇ top שיר פגועין, the song for the stricken. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 91 שיר של פ׳ היה אומר משה וכ׳ Moses recited the ninety-first psalm on ascending the heavens, when he said etc. ↗ original
פְּגַע 2evil occurrence, plague. Targum I Kings 5, 18.—plural פְּגָעִין. Ruth Rabbah to 1, 16 (referring to אל תפגעי the same place (ibid.), as if it were תִּפָּגְעִי) לא תחטא עלי לא תסבין פ׳ מני (not פגעיך) do not commit a sin through me, do not suffer afflictions on my account (by dissuading me from embracing the Jewish faith). plural evil spirits. Targum 2 Esther 1, 2. ↗ original
פִּגְעִין (compare פִּיקְעִין) plums. Shabbath 144ᵇ (Rashi in early editions פִּיגְעִין; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 50). ↗ original
פָּגַר , Pi'elפִּיגֵּר (compare פגם, בגר, פכר) to split, break up, destroy. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 11, 3 אם הצדיקים שהשתיתו … ופִיגְּרוּ אותם וכ׳ when the wicked come and destroy the righteous that have established thy world etc.; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 653 אם השיתין … עמדו רשעים ופִגְּרוּם וכ׳ if the wicked have risen and destroyed the foundations (of the Temple) which face the deep (see שִׁית). Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 79 ופיגרו את בניך (edition Buber edition והרגו). Midrash Tehillim to Psalms X והצדיקים … ופגרו אותן and the righteous in whom thou didst find pleasure, the enemies haven risen and destroyed them; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּגַר 1Pa'elפַּגֵּר same, to break up, destroy; to break through. Targum Isaiah 14, 17. Targum Onkelos Exodus 23, 24.—the same place (ibid.) 19, 21; 24; and frequently—participle passive מְפַגַּר; feminine מְפַגְּרָא; plural מְפַגְּרִין, מְפַגְּרֵי; מפַגּרָתָא. Targum I Kings 18, 30. Targum Ezekiel 36, 35.—Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Zakhor, p. 26ᵃ (explained ערו, Psalms 137, 7) פַּגְּרוּ פַּגְּרוּ destroy, destroy ye!; the same place (ibid.) ʿĂniya, p. 135ᵃ פַּגָּארוּ פַּגָּארוּ; (Pesikta Rabbati section 32 תברו); Midrash Tehillim to Psalms the passage cited; Echah Rabbah to 5, 1.—Vayikra Rabbah section 19 (explained נמהרי לב) מפגרי לבא those crushed at heart (with referring to ימהרו, Nahum, Book of 2, 6). Af'el הִפְעִיל אַפְגַּרto wound, bruise. Niddah 66ᵃ אַפְגּוּרֵי מַפְגְּרָא לה, see בְּגַר. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְפַּגַּרto be destroyed, broken. Targum Lamentations 2, 8 (Hebrew text אמללו). Targum Ezekiel 30, 4; and frequently ↗ original
פְּגַר 2Pi'el) to be lax, faint (compare פּוּג). Pa'el פִּעֵל פַּגֵּרto relax, take vacation, be idle. Shabbath 129ᵇ יומא דמְפַגְּרֵי ביה רבנן a day on which the teachers took a hotiday. to cause to relax. Kethuboth 103ᵇ ור׳ סבר לא אֲפַגְּרֵיה and Rabbi thought, I will not cause him to relax (in his charitable work, by appointing him a member of the college; or ‘I will not wear him out’, overburden him). Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִיפַּגֵּרto take vacation, absent one’s self. the same place (ibid.) 111ᵇ אי׳ … ולא אתא he (the teacher) took a three days’ vacation and did not come (to school). the same place (ibid.) אמאי אִיפַּגְּרַת why did you absent yourself? Af'el הִפְעִיל אַפְגַּרto be indifferent, neglectful. Bereshith Rabbah section 94 מאי טעמא א׳ מר why have you become indifferent (towards me)? ↗ original
פֶּגֶר see פְּגַר 2) lax, decaying, corpse.—plural פְּגָרִים. Bereshith Rabbah section 44 (referring to Genesis 15, 11) לכשיעשו בניך פ׳ בלא וכ׳ when thy children are lax bodies, without sinews and bones (bare of good deeds and character), thy merit shall stand by them. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 5, 20ᶜ top ראו פִיגְרֵי … וכולם פ׳ מתים וכ׳ they saw the bodies of sinful men …, and all of them were dead bodies cast out at the shore; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּגַר 3 Targum Isaiah 14, 19; and elsewhere—Transferred (contemptuously) body. Targum Proverbs 10, 13 (Hebrew text גֵּו).—plural פִּגְרִין, פִּגְרַיָּא. Targum Leviticus 26, 30 (O. edition Berlin edition פַּ׳; see Berlin edition Targum Onkelos 2, p. 39). Targum Onkelos Genesis 15, 11 edition Bon. (edition Berlin edition a. other פַּלְגַּיָּא; manuscript 2 פִּגְלַיָּא, edition Vienna edition פַּגְלַ׳, see פגל). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 1, 1 פִּיגְ׳; and elsewhere ↗ original
פַּגְרָא (פְּגַר 1) damage (to a ship); indemnity for shipwreck. Bava Metzia 69ᵇ ספינתא … אגרא ופ׳ when hiring a ship … you must pay rent and indemnity for damage, see אַגְרָא I. the same place (ibid.) 70ᵃ אגרא … ופ׳ בשעת שבירה the rent must be paid at the time of taking possession, and the indemnity, when the ship is wrecked. ↗ original
פָּגַשׁto strike against, meet, see below. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְגַּשׁto meet; to wrestle, fight. Devarim Rabbah section 11 נִפְגַּשִׁתִּי עם המלאך וכ׳ I wrestled with the angel and defeated him; אתה נִפְגַּשְׁתָּ וכ׳ thou didst meet the angel in thy territory; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 951 פָּגַשְׁתִּי, פָּגַּשְׁתָּ. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְפַּגֵּשׁ,Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְפַּגֵּשׁsame. Devarim Rabbah section 9; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 840. Ylamdenu to Genesis 48, 1, quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) מִתְפַּגֵּשׁ. ↗ original
*פְּגַשׁ , to strike, kick. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 32, 15, quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פַּגְשׁוּ (as corresp. to כשית, see Ibn Ezra ad loc. (on the passage)). ↗ original
פַּגָּשׁK’far Paggash. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 5, 44ᵈ. Tosefta Avodah Zarah 6 (7), 8 כפר פַּגָּשָׁה. ↗ original
פדא , Avodah Zarah 40ᵃ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see ארא.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 7, 31ᶜ top מן הפ׳ פרנון, see פָּרָאפוּרְנוֹן. ↗ original
פַּדָּא (= פדעא; פְּדַע; compare פָּדוֹעָא) פ׳ דמרא blade of the hoe (see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Ascia); [commentary or commentaries the club, handle of the hoe]. blow, wound. Bava Kamma 27ᵇ שקל פ׳ דמ׳ וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Manuscript Hamburg (edition פנ׳) he took a hoe and struck him.—plural פַּדֵּי (פַּנְדֵּי). the same place (ibid.) מאה פ׳ בפדא וכ׳ he ought to have given him a hundred blows with the hoe. ↗ original
פָּדָא 2 (abbreviated or abbreviation of פְּדָיָה) proper noun of a male person בר פ׳Bar-Pada, an Amora. Nazir 5ᵃ; Temurah 10ᵃ. Meïl. 4ᵇ בר פדת (correct accordingly; see Tosafoth to Temurah the passage cited). Makkoth 2ᵃ; (Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, beginning 31ᵃ בר פדייה); and frequently—[Treatise Sof’rim 12, 3, see פַּנְטִי.] ↗ original
פְּדָגוֹג (παιδάγωγος) pedagogue, tutor, a youth’s governor. Bereshith Rabbah section 1 (explained אמון, Proverbs 8, 30). Bereshith Rabbah section 28 למלך שמסר את בנו לפ׳ וכ׳ like the case of a king that gave his son in charge of a governor, who led him to excesses. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Baḥod., p. 101ᵇ אמר פִּידָגוֹגוֹ וכ׳ said his tutor, let him go to school; and frequently—plural פְּדָגוֹגִין, פִּידָ׳. Bamidbar Rabbah section 1, beginning ולא העמדתי לכם שלשה פ׳ וכ׳ (not להם) and did I not assign to you three governors: Moses, Aaron, and Miriam? (Vayikra Rabbah section 27 שלוחין). Devarim Rabbah section 2; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּדָגוֹגָא Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 11, 12.—Fem. פַּדְגּוּגְתָּא, פִּידְגּ׳nurse. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 35, 8 (Hebrew text מינקת). the same place (ibid.) 24, 59 פרגוותה, פדגוותה, read: פַּדְגּוּגְתָּהּ. ↗ original
פְּדוּתredemption, delivery. Esther Rabbah to V (7), 15; and elsewhere ↗ original
פַּדַּחַתfront, forehead. Yevamoth 120ᵃ … פ׳ ולא פרצוף ולא פ׳ וכ׳ an identification by the forehead without the face, or by the face without the forehead is illegal; Bechoroth 46ᵇ. the same place (ibid.); Niddah 3, 5 איזהו רוב ראשו משתצא פַּדַּחְתּוֹ (not משיצא) what is ‘the larger part of its (the infant’s) head’? when its forehead comes forth. Makkoth 20ᵇ ולפדחתו, see פֵּאָה; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּדַחְתָּא Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 28, 38 פ׳ דבית אפוי (Hebrew text מצח). ↗ original
פדי (Biblical Hebrew) [to cut loose,] to liberate, redeem. Avodah Zarah 4ᵃ אם יש להם זכות אֶפְדֵּם if they have any merits, I will liberate them. the same place (ibid.) (referring to Hosea 7, 13) אני אמרתי אפדם בממונם וכ׳ I thought, I will ransom them by taking their money (impoverishing them) in this world, that they be admitted to the world to come. Devarim Rabbah section 2 ופוֹדֶה למי שרוצה he could acquit whomever he wanted to, opposite חָבַשׁ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 16, 15ᶜ bottom of the page הצלוב … ופְדָאֲתוֹ as regards him whom witnesses have seen impaled, I may say, an influential woman passed by and liberated him. Gittin 4, 4 עבד שנשבה ופְדָאוּהוּ if a slave has been captured, and they (Jews) redeemed him. the same place (ibid.) 6 אין פּוֹדִין את השבויין וכ׳ we must not redeem captured persons for more than their value, this is a measure of public benefit (see תִּיקּוּן). the same place (ibid.) 58ᵃ עד שאֶפְדֶּנּוּ בכל וכ׳ until I redeem him at any price they may ask. Maʿǎser Sheni 4, 7 הפודה מעשר שני he that redeems second tithes (Deuteronomy 14, 26). the same place (ibid.) 1 פּוֹדֵהוּ כשער מקומו he redeems the fruit at the market price of his own place. the same place (ibid.) 5, 4 כיצד פודין נטע רבעי how is fruit of the fourth year (Leviticus 19, 24) redeemed? מניח … כמה אדם רוצה לִפְדּוֹת לו בסלע וכ׳ he puts the basket down in the presence of three persons and says, how many basketfuls will a person buy for a Selʿa, to collect at his own expense?; and very frequently—Esp. a) to redeem the first-born (Exodus 13, 12 and the following). Bechoroth 49ᵇ הפודה את בנו וכ׳ if a man redeems his son before he is thirty days old. the same place (ibid.) 8, 6 הוא לפדות ובנו לפדות וכ׳ if he (the father) is to be redeemed (the parents having failed to redeem him), and the son is to be redeemed; Kiddushin 29ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) מצווה לפדות את עצמו is bound to redeem himself; and frequently—b) to redeem an object dedicated to the sanctuary (Leviticus 27, 13; 27, and elsewhere). the same place (ibid.) פְּדָאוֹ במאתים וכ׳ if he bought an object back for two hundred Zuz, and before taking possession it went down etc.; and frequently—participle passive פָּדוּי; feminine פְּדוּיָה; plural פְּדוּיִים, פְּדוּיִין, פְּדוּיוֹת. the same place (ibid.) מה שפדה פ׳ what he bought is bought (his transaction is final). Bechoroth 49ᵇ בנו פ׳ his son stands redeemed; and elsewhere Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְדֶּהto be redeemed. Bechoroth 8, 6 בחזקת שלא נ׳ שנ׳ … the presumption is that he has not been redeemed, until evidence is offered that he has been. the same place (ibid.) 7 וכולם נִפְדִּין בכסף וכ׳ and all of them are redeemed with money or money’s worth. Kiddushin 29ᵃ תפדה תִּיפָּדֶה כל שמצווה וכ׳ ‘thou shalt redeem’ (Numbers 18, 15), thou shalt be redeemed (redeem thyself): whosoever is (eventually) bound to redeem himself, is bound to redeem his son (but the mother is not bound to redeem her first-born son); and frequently ↗ original
פְּדִיָּה (the preceding) redemption. Bechoroth 12ᵇ (referring to Numbers 18, 15) לפ׳ הקשיתיו וכ׳ (the text) put it (the first-born ass) on an equal footing (with the first-born son) with regard to the duty of redemption, but to nothing else (any details of the law). the same place (ibid.) 1, 7 מצות פ׳ the duty of redeeming; and frequently—plural פְּדִיּוֹת, פְּדִיּיוֹת. Berachoth 55ᵇ שלש פ׳ three Biblical verses in which פדה occurs. ↗ original
פְּדָיָה (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person P’dayah; בר פ׳Bar-P’dayah, an Amora. Yerushalmi (prefix) Makkoth 1, beginning 31ᵃ, see פָּדָא 2. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 4, 18ᵇ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Challah 3, 59ᵃ bottom of the page רבי פ׳ (correct accordingly). Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Parah, p. 37ᵇ; Pesikta Rabbati section 14 בר פדיון (correct accordingly); Koheleth Rabbah to 8, 1; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 977. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, 3ᵃ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 2, end, 47ᵃ בר פתייא (correct accordingly); and elsewhere—5. Friedman M’bo, p. 70ᵇ ↗ original
פִּדְיוֹןdelivery; redemption, ransom. Sanhedrin 106ᵃ אוי לה לאומה … עושה פ׳ לבניו woe to the nation that is found (to interfere), when the Lord prepares delivery for his children. Bechoroth 1, 6 פ׳ פטר חמור the animal designated as ransom for the first-born of an ass (Exodus 13, 13). the same place (ibid.) פ׳ מעשר שני the redemption money for the second tithes. the same place (ibid.) 2, 1 פ׳ הבן the redemption of the first-born son. the same place (ibid.) 2, לאחר פִּדְיוֹנָן after they have been redeemed. Chullin 7ᵃ פ׳ שבויין the ransom of captives; and frequently—[בר פדיון, see פְּדָיָה.] ↗ original
פדייא , Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 5, 47ᵇ some edition, read: פָּרַיָּיא, see פָּרָא I↗ original
פַּדָּן (פדד to cut) ploughshare, plough. Targum I Samuel 13, 20.—Bamidbar Rabbah section 8; Pesikta Rabbati section 23-24, see סִכָּא. Echah Rabbah to 1, 16 שרי תורך ושרי פַדְנָךְ untie thy oxen, and untie (take apart) thy plough (Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᵃ top קנקנך); and elsewhere—plural פַּדְנִין, פַּדְנַיָּא. Targum I Samuel 13, 21. (with תורי, or supply (understood word) תורי) yoke of (plough-) oxen, pair (corresp. to Hebrew צמד). Targum Hosea 10, 10; and frequently—Bava Kamma 96ᵇ.—plural as ab. Targum Job 1, 3; and frequently פַּדַּן אֲרָם (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a place Paddan-Aram. Targum Genesis 25, 20; and elsewhere ↗ original
פָּדַע (Biblical Hebrew) = פָּדָה, to redeem. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, end, 61ᵈ (referring to Job 33, 24) פְּדָעֵהוּ בייסורין redeem him (let him expiate his sins) by sufferings (compare next word). ↗ original
פְּדַע 1 (compare פדד, under the word פַּדָּן) to split; to wound. Targum I Kings 20, 37 (Hebrew text פצע).—Sanhedrin 109ᵇ דפ׳ ליה לחבריה וכ׳ (in Sodom) when a person wounded his neighbor, they told him, pay him for bleeding thee. the same place (ibid.) פַּדְעֵיה Munich manuscript one (of them) struck him; edition פַּדְיוּהִי, פַּדְיוּהוּ (frequently פדי) they struck him. Vayikra Rabbah section 12; Esther Rabbah to 1, 22 (Parah 5) מחיוניה ופַדְעוּנֵיה they struck him and wounded him; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּדַע 2 (the preceding) blow, wound. Targum Onkelos Exodus 21, 25 (Yerushalmi (prefix) פּוֹ׳, פּוּ׳). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I the same place (ibid.) 15, 25 פַּדְעָא.—Koheleth Rabbah to 6, 11 או חד פדעה or he receives a blow (from a noxious animal, see אמכותי).—plural פִּדְעִין or פְּדָעִין. Vayikra Rabbah section 12; Esther Rabbah to 1, 22 (Parah 5) פ׳ דמגן (transl. of פצעים חנם, Proverbs 23, 29) wounds unrequited. 5. פּוּדְעֲתָא. ↗ original
פֶּדֶר (Biblical Hebrew) fat. Tamid 4, 2. Chullin 27ᵃ, and the following; Yoma 26ᵃ; and frequently—plural פְּדָרִים, פְּדָרִין. Bereshith Rabbah section 68 כנגד אברים ופ׳ וכ׳ the time for the evening prayer corresponds to the time of the consumption of the limbs and fat-pieces on the altar. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 4, 41ᵈ bottom of the page; Berachoth 26ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original
פִּדְרָא , especially (compare דֶּשֶׁן) dung, manure. Niddah 28ᵃ, see אַפִּידְרָא. ↗ original
פדרת , Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see פְּרַת I ↗ original
פְּדָתP’dath, father of R. Elazar. Eruvin 54ᵇ; and frequently son of R. Elazar, an Amora. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 4, 75ᶜ top; and frequently—[Meïl. 4ᵇ, see פָּדָא 2.] ↗ original
פֶּה common gender (Biblical Hebrew) [opening,] orifice, mouth; speech. Chullin 142ᵃ, see לָחַךְ. Pesachim 113ᵇ המדבר אחד בפה ואחד בלב he who speaks one way with his mouth, and another way in his heart. Shemoth Rabbah section 1 (play on בפרך, Exodus 1, 13) בפה רך with soft (persuasive) speech; Sotah 11ᵇ. Tanchuma Kor. 9 עד שהביאתו לפִי הארץ וכ׳ until it (the fire) brought him to the opening of the earth, among those that were swallowed up; Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 752. Shabbath 140ᵇ, and the following בהמה שפִּיהָ יפה a beast whose mouth is clean (that does not drop saliva when eating; other opinion: that is fastidious about its food), opposite שפיה רעה; and very frequently—Kethuboth 1, 6, and elsewhere לא מִפּיהָ וכ׳, see חָיָה. Shevuoth 4, 1 מִפִּי עצמו (an oath) out of his own mouth (‘I swear that I know no testimony in thy case’), מפי אחרים administered by others.—בְּעַל פה or על פהby word of mouth. Gittin 72ᵇ top אי אמר ר׳ יוסי בעל פה whether R. Yose had the same opinion in the case of a verbal condition. the same place (ibid.) 60ᵇ תורה רוב בכתב ומיעוט על פה of the interpretations of the Law, the larger portion rests on the written text, the smaller on oral tradition. the same place (ibid.) דברים שבכתב … על פה דברים שבעל פה וכ׳ written things (Biblical passages) must not be recited from memory, verbally transmitted words must not be recited from writing.—תורה שבעל פה (abbreviated or abbreviation שבע"פ) oral law. Yoma 28ᵇ, and frequently, see כְּתָב.—לְפִי a) according to, in proportion to. Bava Bathra 11ᵇ לפי בני אדם in proportion to the number of inhabitants of a house; לפי פתחים in proportion to the number of entrances (of a building); and frequently—b) because. Sanhedrin 7, 4 לפי שבאת לפיכך וכ׳ … because a human being has gone to ruin through it, therefore etc.; and frequently, see לְפִיכָךְ.—Transferred any orifice. Avoth 5, 6 פי הארץ the opening of the earth (that swallowed Korah); פי הבאר the opening for the well (Numbers 21, 16).—Niddah 16ᵇ רוק בתוך הפה spittle in the mouth, euphem. for blood in the orifice of the matrix. Sanhedrin 100ᵃ (play on תׄרׄופׄהׄ, Ezekiel 47, 12) להתׄירׄ פׄהׄ של מטה to open the lower orifice (the womb of the childless), opposite פה של מעלה the mouth; the same place (ibid.) להתיר פה עקרות; Menachoth 98ᵃ; and frequently—plural a) פִּיּוֹת. Devarim Rabbah section 2 (referring to Zechariah 13, 8) הפ׳ שאומרים שתי וכ׳ those mouths that say, there are two powers (good and evil). Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 4 (play on תלפיות, the same place (ibid.)) ספר שאמרוהו פ׳ הרבה the book (תִּלִּים, Psalms) which many mouths have indited (the book of many authors). the same place (ibid.) תׄלׄ שמתפללין בו כל פ׳ the mound (Temple ruins) towards which all mouths are directed in prayer; Berachoth 30ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) 5ᵃ (explained פיפיות, Psalms 149, 6) חרב של שתי פ׳ a two-edged sword; and frequently—Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 28 שתי פ׳ two faces, see פִּינָּה.—b) פִּיפִיּוֹת. Bamidbar Rabbah section 18 באותה … פ׳ הרבה at that moment many mouths of the earth were opened (Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 752 פיות).—c) (Chaldaic (Aramaic) plural) פּוּמִיןopen vessels; topmost layer in open vessels. Tosefta Terumoth 5, 11 אם יש [שם] מאה פ׳ וכ׳ if a hundred open vessels are there (in one of which an upper layer of T’rumah has been put) etc.; הפ׳ אסורין the upper layers are forbidden; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, 43ᵃ bottom of the page ↗ original
פ"ה the letter Pé. Shabbath 104ᵃ [read:] פ"ה כפופה פ"ה פשוטה פה פתוח פה סתום the curved Pé and the straight Pé (פ and ף) intimate: an open mouth (in due time), a closed mouth (in due time). Sanhedrin 104ᵇ מפני מה הקדים פ"ה לע"ין why has Pé been placed before ‘Ayin (Lamentations 2, 16-17)? Bereshith Rabbah section 84 (referring to פׄסׄיׄםׄ) פ"א פוטיפר וכ׳ Pé intimates Potifar etc.; and frequently—plural פֵּיפִין. Shabbath 103ᵇ טיתין פ׳ פ׳ טיתין one must be careful not to write Teths looking like Pés etc. ↗ original
פָּהpah, name of a worm in figs. Shabbath 90ᵃ פה דתאני וכ׳ the pah in figs … is dangerous. the same place (ibid.) קטליה פ"ה לדין (not קטלה) the pah has killed that man. ↗ original
פה , Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 1, 18ᶜ bottom of the page, see פּוּחַ Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original
פְּהֵי (see Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 3040) to be hollow, empty, idle; to run about, wander. participle פָּהֵי. Targum Proverbs 18, 2 (edition Vilna edition פחי, correct accordingly; Hebrew text התגלות). ↗ original
פָּהַק , Pi'el פִּיהֵק to open the mouth, yawn. Berachoth 24ᵃ bottom of the page the same place (ibid.) 24ᵇ כשהוא מְפָהֵק וכ׳, see סַנְטֵר. Niddah 9, 8 מְפָהֶקֶת, see עָטַשׁ; and frequently ↗ original
פּוּאָהpuah, Rubia Tinctorum, dyer’s madder (see Löw Low, Aramaische Pflanzennamen, Leipzig 1881 p. 311). Shevi'ith 5, 4 פ׳ של עידית the puah growing on choice land; פ׳ של צלעות growing on sides (of rocks); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 36ᵃ top פ׳ של צילעות פיטרה (not פוטרה). Shabbath 9, 5. the same place (ibid.) 66ᵇ (explained קשרים, Mishnah the same place (ibid.) 6, 9) קשורי פ׳ garlands of puah (a prophylactic); and frequently ↗ original
פּוּגto evaporate, become faint; to escape. Tosefta Shabbath 3 (4), 5 שתָּפוּג צינתן sufficient time for the cold in them to escape; Shabbath 40ᵇ שתפוג Munich manuscript (edition שתָּפִיג); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 6ᵇ top שתפיג. Yoma 34ᵇ שתפוג Munich manuscript (edition שתפיג). Kerithoth 6ᵇ כדי שלא תפוג ריחה that its fragrance may not escape. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 1, 60ᵈ top שטעמן פָּג their flavor would escape; and frequently Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֵפִיגsame, see above. Eruvin 64 same, see above. Eruvin 64ᵇ עד שיָפִיג יינינו until the wine we drank has escaped (the effect of the wine is overcome). until the wine we drank has escaped (the effect of the wine is overcome). to lose taste, intensity; to cause to escape; to cool off; to mitigate. Pesachim 41ᵃ מים שאין מְפִיגִין טעמן water, which does not give up its taste (to the substance boiled in it) שאר משקין שמפיגין וכ׳ other liquids, which do communicate their taste. Betzah 14ᵃ כל התבלין מפיגין טעמן … מְפִיגָה וכ׳ all spices lose their taste (when pounded a day before), but salt does not etc. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 79 ה׳ את חמתו וכ׳ let out his anger on wood and stone. Sanhedrin 22ᵇ דרך … מפיגין את היין a walk of a mile, or a little sleep cause the wine to escape (counteract the effect of the wine); Eruvin the passage cited the same place (ibid.) שדרך מפיגה וכ׳ that walking counteracts etc. Bava Bathra 10ᵃ יין מְפִיגוֹ, see פַּחַד.—Yoma 1, 7 והָפֵג אחת וכ׳ and drive out (thy drowsiness, cool thy feet) etc., see אֶחָד. the same place (ibid.) 75ᵇ דברים … מן מְפִיגָן the manna counteracted the effect of such food as traders sold them; and elsewhere ↗ original
פּוּג ²to evaporate, faint etc. Targum Psalms 38, 9 פָּגִית (edition Lagarde edition פַּגְיִית, frequently פגי; Hebrew text נפוגתי). Targum Esther 2, 1 פג edition Lagarde edition (variant reading פח). Targum Habakkuk 1, 4 פָּגַת (Levita פֵּיגַת, read: פָּיְגַת); and elsewhere—participle פָּיֵג, פָּיֵיג; feminine פָּיְגָא, פָּיְגַת; plural פָּיְגָן. Targum Onkelos Genesis 45, 26.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 3, 30ᵃ top מן דטלא פייגא מנהון (not מה) after the dew upon them has evaporated. Megillah 25ᵇ דלמא פייגא דעתייהו וכ׳ lest the minds of the congregation be fainting (lose courage, on hearing the curses); and elsewhere to weaken, mitigate. participle פָּאֵיג. Targum Lamentations 3, 49. Pa'el פִּעֵל פַּיֵּיגto cause relaxation; to slacken. the same place (ibid.) 2, 18. Targum Proverbs 14, 30 מפייג edition Lagarde edition (other edition מפליג). Af'el הִפְעִיל אָפֵיגto let (the wine) escape. Targum I Samuel 1, 14. Ithpo. אִתְפּוֹגָגto seek relaxation from anger, trouble etc., seek diversion, sport. Vayikra Rabbah section 27 לא אתא אלא לאתפוגגה וכ׳ he came only to sport with his children (not to argue with them seriously); the same place (ibid.) לא אתא אלא מתפגג׳ (read: מִתְפּוֹגְגָא); Yalkut Shimoni Micah 554 למתפונגא (correct accordingly); Bamidbar Rabbah section 10; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 5, 16 (not להתפ׳); Tanchuma Emor 10. the same place (ibid.) [read:] לא אתת דא אלא למִתְפַּגְּיָיא עם ברה this woman has come to court merely to have some sport with her son. ↗ original
פּוּגָא 1Puga. Bava Bathra 90ᵇ, see סוּגָא 2. ↗ original
פּוּגָה 2 , פּוּגַת נפשrelaxation, recreation. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 33 ויצא לפ׳ נ׳ וכ׳ he went out to look at the harvesters as a recreation. ↗ original
פ"וגחמ"ט , substitute for ופרסין (Daniel 5, 25) by permutation of letters called א"ת ב"ש which see Sanhedrin 22ᵃ; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 4; and elsewhere ↗ original
פּוּגְלָאradish, the soft tuber of the radish. Berachoth 36ᵃ; Eruvin 28ᵇ צנון … אדעתא דפ׳ the radish is planted for the sake of the tuber (to be eaten before it is hard and woody). Chagigah 15ᵃ עקר פ׳ ממישרא וכ׳ (Elisha ben Ăbuya) tore a radish out of the ground on the Sabbath. Avodah Zarah 10ᵃ. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 41ᵃ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, 45ᵈ top, see נְעַץ; and elsewhere—plural פּוּגְלִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 9, 17ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 7, 20ᵇ top פיג׳. Bereshith Rabbah section 67 שרי עקר פ׳ רברבין וכ׳ he (Rabbi) began to tear out the large radishes and plant small ones (intimating to Antoninus the necessity of removing the old officers and appointing new ones); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 115; and elsewhere ↗ original
פוגני , Targum 2 Esther 4, 1, see בוגני ↗ original
פּוֹדַגְרָא common gender (ποδάγρα) gout in the feet, in gen. sore foot. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᶜ top (explained צינית, Mishnah Shabbath 6, 6) פ׳ (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 65ᵃ בת ארעא, see אַרְעָא) a sore on the sole of the foot. Sotah 10ᵃ (referring to I Kings 15, 23) אחזתו פד׳ he was seized with gout; Sanhedrin 48ᵇ (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 50); Bamidbar Rabbah section 23 פלאגרא (correct accordingly); Tanchuma Masʿé 12; Yalkut Shimoni Kings 172.—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 1, 49ᵃ bottom of the page פודגרה, פיד׳, see פּוּרְגָּרָה.] ↗ original
פּוֹדַגְרוֹס (ποδαγρός) suffering with gout, gouty, lame. Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 469; Vayikra Rabbah section 5 (not פודגריס; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word עלב: פטגריטוס, correct accordingly), see דִּיאִיקִיטָא. [Koheleth Rabbah to 5, 12 דגלוס פטרגוס, read: פּוֹדַלְגּוֹס or פודגרוס, see דגלום.]—plural פּוֹדַגְרִין. Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 161 מה היו עושין התשושין והפ׳ שבהם what did the feeble and the lame among them do? (Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 18, 17 only התשושין). ↗ original
פּוֹדוֹפְסִילָא (ποδόψελλα) anklets. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᵇ bottom of the page (explained אצעדה, Numbers 31, 50) פד׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition כדופסלא, כרו׳, correct accordingly, or כֵּירוֹפ׳, χειροψελλα(?); 70 ψέλλιον). the same place (ibid.) (explained צעדות, Isaiah 3, 20) פדופסלה, פר׳ (correct accordingly). ↗ original
פּוּדְעֲתָא (פְּדַע) wound, bruise.—plural פּוּדְעָתָא. Targum Proverbs 23, 29 (edition Vilna edition sing.; edition Lagarde edition בועתא). the same place (ibid.) 20, 30 (edition Lagarde edition a. other פועתתא). the same place (ibid.) 27, 6 (edition Lagarde edition פועתת׳); and elsewhere ↗ original
פוה , participle passive Pi'elמפויה, Tosefta Terumoth 7, 16, variant reading מפויית, see פּוּחַ Hebrew ↗ original
פִּוְוסָרוֹס (Πευσαρος?) Peusarus (?), name of a tortuous street, probably in Tiberias. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᶜ top דרך … כגון אהן פ׳ (edition Lehm. פווסרס, edition Krot. פופסדס) it was a tortuous road (where he met her, see עַקְמוּמִית), like the P.; Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 40ᵃ bottom of the page פסוורוס. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 8, 25ᵇ top אהן פיו׳ זרק מתוכה וכ׳ if one throws an object (on the Sabbath) from the P. into an open public road or vice versa, see פָּלַשׁ I. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 7, 50ᶜ bottom of the page נשכח מן פיוסרוס ולגיו (not דלגיו; Babylonian edition פיוסא, Munich manuscript פווסרס) I wish I might find it somewhere towards the interior of the P. ↗ original
פּוּזְמְקֵי (Pers. pageng, see Perles Et. St. p. 3, note) gaiters of red leather, fine shoes. Shabbath 10ᵃ רבא … רמי פ׳ ומצלי וכ׳ (Munich manuscript מינקיט פרזמקי, corrected רמי) R. … put on fine gaiters for prayer, saying, prepare thyself to meet thy God (Amos 4, 12) ; Yalkut Shimoni Amos 542 מנקט פזומקי (correct accordingly). Shevuoth 31ᵃ (to people that came to court in rich dress) שלופו פַּזְמְקַיְיכוּ וכ׳ (late edition פוזקמייכו; Munich manuscript פומקייכו, correct accordingly; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) take off your fine shoes, and come down for judgment. —2) soldiers’ leggins, greaves. Shabbath 62ᵃ (explained מגפיים, Mishnah the same place (ibid.) 6, 2) פזמקי. ↗ original
פּוּחַ (Biblical Hebrew) to blow, blow up; פ׳ נפשto blow the soul out, to dishearten. Bamidbar Rabbah section 20 מה אני הולך אצלו לָפוּחַ את נפשו why should I go to him (Balak) to dishearten him?; Tanchuma Balak 13.—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, 46ᵃ top שתפוח הכרית, read: שתפרח, see כְּרִית.] Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֵפִיחַsame, especially same, especially to break wind. Shabbath 49ᵃ; 130ᵃ שלא יָפִיחַ בהן that he will not desecrate the T’fillin by passing winds. Avodah Zarah 17ᵃ חֵפִיחָה she broke etc.; and elsewhere to stir up. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 3 אל תָּפִיחוּ את הישן do not stir up that which slumbers (do not disturb the accepted order of the psalms); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 624 (not תפיחי). Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּיֵּיחַ (denominative of פִּיחַ) [to use powdered colors,] to paint. Bava Bathra 60ᵇ ואין מְפַיְּיחִין, see כִּיר; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 17.—participle passive מְפוּיָּיח; feminine מְפוּיֶּיחֶת. the same place (ibid.) Tosefta Terumoth 7, 16 מפויה edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading מפויית; מצויר) read מְפוּיָּח or מְפוּיָּיח. ↗ original
פּוּחַ ²to blow. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 1, 18ᶜ bottom of the page פַּח (edition Krot. פה, correct accordingly); Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 1, 58ᵇ top פּוֹחַ blow, breathe!, see יַפַּח. to evaporate, (with נפשא) to despair. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 21, 30 עד דִּיפַח נפשיהּון until they are in despair (Hebrew text עד נפח). to cool off, be sobered. Targum Esther 2, 1 (edition Lagarde edition פג). ↗ original
פּוּחָא (the preceding) breath, wind. Targum Job 30, 22 (edition Lagarde edition רוחא). the same place (ibid.) 20, 3 (edition Lagarde edition פרחא, correct accordingly, or כרוּחָא). Targum Proverbs 11, 29 פוחתא Bxt. (edition Lagarde edition פחתא, edition Vilna edition פהתא, correct accordingly). ↗ original
פּוֹחֵר (see פְּחַר) potter. Tanchuma Vayikra 4 יש פ׳ מתאוה לכלי חרס does a potter want earthen vessels? ↗ original
פּוֹחֵת (פָּחַת) a scraping tool, chisel (?). Tosefta Kelim Bava Bathra 7, 3 יד הפ׳ ובן הפ׳ quoted in Rabbenu Shimshon to Kelim 29, 8 (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) יד הפחות ובין הפחות) the handle of a large or of a small scraper. ↗ original
פּוּטִיPuṭi, a disparaging abbreviation of Putiel. Sanhedrin 82ᵇ, and elsewhere, see פָּטַם. ↗ original
פּוֹטְיָא (φωτία) brightness, see פּוֹטָא. ↗ original
פּוּטִיאֵל (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Putiel, the father-in-law of Elazar, son of Aaron, in Agadah identified with Jethro (and also with Joseph). Mechilta Yithro, ʿĂmal., section 1 פׄוטׄ' שנפׄטׄר מע"ז Jethro was surnamed Putiel, because he withdrew from idolatry. Bava Bathra 109ᵇ, and elsewhere, see פָּטַם a. פּוֹטָא. ↗ original
פּוּטְיוֹלִין (variously corrupted) proper noun of a place Puteoli, a great sea-town of Italy. Makkoth 24ᵃ שמעו קול המונה של רומי מפ׳ ברחוק מאה וכ׳ (edition בבל מפלטיה, margin. version מפטילוס; Munich manuscript מפלטוס, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) they heard the din of the city of Rome (on travelling) from P., at a distance of one hundred and seventy miles; Echah Rabbah to 5, 18 פוטליילוס; Sifré Deuteronomy 43 של מפטילון (see הֶמְיָיה); Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 278 מפניליאוס. [The termination ־וס in the above forms corresponds to the accus. -ους, -os.] ↗ original
פּוֹטִינוֹס (φωτεινός) bright, splendid. Tanchuma edition Buber edition, Vayesheb 16 פׄוׄטׄיפׄרׄ שנכנס לביתו של פרעה ונעשה ביתו פׄוׄטׄיניס וכ׳ his name was Potifar (φωτοφόρος), because he entered the house of Pharaoh, and his house became bright, for he brightened up the house of Pharaoh; Bereshith Rabbah section 86 (different interpretation or differently interpreted paronomasia) שהיה פׄורׄע … כיון שירד הפׄרׄ לשם נעשה פׄוׄטׄינון Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition פויטנון) he used to uncover himself before the idol, but when the bullock (Joseph, Deuteronomy 33, 17) came there, he (Potifar) became enlightened; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 145 וכיון שירד יוסף … פ׳ [glossator explains עשירrich, see Genesis 39, 5]. ↗ original
פּוֹטִירִין (ποτήριον) poterion, name of a shrub (Astragalus Poterium), a species of tragacanth, yielding a gum which was used for spicing wines; פיילי פ׳a vial of poterion, a medicinal drink taken after bathing. Bereshith Rabbah section 51 (referring to מנת כוסם, Psalms 11, 6) כפ׳ פ׳ לאחר המרחץ (not פיטרין) like the vial of poterion after a bath; Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 10, 37ᶜ top דיפלי פ׳ כדיפלי פ׳ וכ׳ (correct accordingly); Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 655 (not פוטרין). Bereshith Rabbah section 10 כיון שיצא הביאו פ׳ פ׳ של יין לשתותו when he (Titus) came out of the bath, they handed him a vial of poterion wine to drink; Koheleth Rabbah to 5, 8 כוס פ׳ פ׳ של יין (not פוטרין). Bereshith Rabbah section 88 זבוב נמצא בתוך פ׳ פ׳ שלו a fly was found in his (Pharaoh’s) vial etc.; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 146 סילי פושרין (correct accordingly). ↗ original
פּוּטִיתָאpuṭitha, name of a small fish or reptile. Makkoth 16ᵇ; Pesachim 24ᵃ; Eruvin 28ᵃ ↗ original
פּוּךְ (Biblical Hebrew) stibium, eye-paint. Shabbath 109ᵃ פ׳ מעביר וכ׳ stibium removes (cures) the King’s Daughter (see מֶלֶךְ), stops the tears, and advances the growth of the eyelashes. Bava Bathra 16ᵇ (explained קרן הפוך, Job 42, 14), see רְשַׁק. ↗ original
פוכיאיא , Targum I Samuel 14, 16, some edition, read: סַכְוָאַיָּא, see סַכְוָאָה↗ original
פוכלתרין , Treatise Tsitsith (edition Kirchh., p. 22), read: פִּיבוֹלָטוֹרִין, see תבלטירים↗ original
פּוֹל ²פלל or פולto split) bean. Kilayim 1, 1 פ׳ הלבן the white bean. the same place (ibid.) 2 פ׳ מצרי the Egyptian bean (Colocasia); and frequently—plural פּוֹלִין. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 8, see גַּמְלוֹן. Tosefta T’bul Yom 1, 1; and frequently ↗ original
*פּוּל (פָּלַל; compare פָּלָה) decision, search; בּעַל הַפּ׳ a superintendent of the Temple, guardsman. Tosefta Kelim Bava Kamma 1, 6 (Rabbenu Shimshon to Kelim 1, 9 הפיל). ↗ original
פּוּלָא (see the preceding) detectives, scouts; agents. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 9, 7; 27. ↗ original
פּוֹלָא = Hebrew פּוֹל. Targum Ezekiel 4, 9. Targum 2 Samuel 17, 28 (edition Vilna edition פּוּ׳; edition Lagarde edition פולין, plural).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 5, beginning 7ᵇ, and elsewhere פ׳ מיצרייא, see לוּבִי.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 1, 27ᵃ top (explained פול, Mishnah the same place (ibid.) 1, 1) פולא Rabbenu Shimshon to Kilayim the passage cited (edition פילה, read פו׳).—plural פִּוֹלִין, פּוֹלֵי. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 14, 19. Targum 2 Samuel the passage cited, see above. ↗ original
פּוֹלוֹיָהPoloyah. Shemoth Rabbah section 42 end יהודה בן פ׳, probably to be read: פדייה; Pesikta Rabbati section 40 יהודה בר פניי׳ edition Friedman (edition Prag פליי׳, see Friedm. note 48); Yalkut Shimoni Song of Songs 988 פדיה. ↗ original
פּוֹלִחַ (פָּלַח) soldier, officer. Ylamdenu to Leviticus 5, 21, quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see פָּגָן.—plural פּוֹלְחִין. the same place (ibid.) to Deuteronomy 7, 17, quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) דרכן של פ׳ לובשין וכ׳ it is the custom of soldiers to wear nail-studded shoes. the same place (ibid.) to Deuteronomy 19, 1, quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) מוסרין … שני פ׳ וכ׳ they give each Israelite two soldiers to guard him. ↗ original
פולחן , Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 762, probably to be read: פּוּחְלִין or פַּחְלִין; [glossator to Yalkut Shimoni: = פֶּלֶךְ]. ↗ original
פּוּלְחָן (sometimes feminine) (פְּלַח) servitude, service. Targum Ezekiel 29, 18. Targum Deuteronomy 26, 6 (O. edition Vienna edition פָּלְ׳); and frequently—Esp. priestly service, Temple service, worship. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 24, 5; and frequently—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 23, 1, and elsewhere פ׳ נוכראה = Hebrew עבודה זרה, idolatry.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, beginning 7ᵃ (referring to פלח. Daniel 6, 17) (in Hebr. dict.) וכי יש פ׳ בבבל וכ׳ was there Temple service in Babylonia? But … it means prayer. ↗ original
פּוּלְחָנוּתָא (the preceding) work, tilling. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 5, 8 (7). ↗ original
פולטריות , Bereshith Rabbah section 69; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 337 פלט׳, see פְּלַטְיָא 2↗ original
פולי , Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᵃ bottom of the page מטון לפ׳, read: לפילי. ↗ original
פוליא , Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 9 פילוס בנה פ׳ (some edition פיליא); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 642 פיליש בנה פ׳, read: פיליפוס בנה פיליפא Philippus built Philippa (abbreviated or abbreviation of פיליפופוליסPhilippopolis). ↗ original
פּוֹלִיטְרִיכוֹן (not כין …) masculine (πολύτριχον) Polytrichon, Maiden-hair. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 14, 14ᶜ, see יוֹעֶזֶר. ↗ original
פולייוניות , Sifra M’tsorʿa, Nega'im, Parah 7, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 5, read: פַּלְיוֹנוֹת, see פַּלְיוּם↗ original
פּוֹלְיָיטוֹן (foliatum, φουλιᾶτον S.) an ointment or oil prepared from leaves of spikenard. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 3 לצלוחית של פ׳ like a flask of foliatum; Sanhedrin 108ᵃ פָּלְיָיטוֹן; (Bereshith Rabbah section 39 אפופלסמון); Avodah Zarah 35ᵇ פליטין (Munich manuscript פילייטון, correct accordingly). Tosefta Demai 1, 26 (שמן) של פי׳ spikenard oil; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, end, 22ᵇ. Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 771 (referring to כאהלים, Numbers 24, 6) כפלוטין (correct accordingly) like foliatum. the same place (ibid.) אתה מכנה אותן בבצלים … מכנה אותן בפליטון thou (Balaam) comparest them to onions whose smell is offensive, but I (the Lord) compare them to spikenard oil. Tosefta Sotah 15, 9 אף על פי׳ גזר וכ׳ Ben Baba forbade also the use of foliatum (after the destruction of the Temple), but etc.; and elsewhere ↗ original
פּוֹלִימַרְכוֹס (variously corrupted) masculine (πολέμαρχος) polemarch, general. Sifré Numbers 131 שלח המלך לפ׳ וכ׳ the king sent a general out and ordered (him) to devastate it (the province); Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Shub., p. 160ᵃ פרומלוכוס (correct accordingly); Yalkut Shimoni Hosea 532; 517; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 178; and frequently—[Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 631 שימש פ׳, see פְּלוּמוֹפִּילוֹן.]—plural פּוֹלִימַרְכִים, פּוֹלִימַרְכִין, פּוֹלְמַ׳. Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Joshua 2) (explained לשום כרים, Ezekiel 21, 27) פ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition פלימרכים, … כוס), see כלירכין.—Chaldaic form: פּוֹלִימַרְכָא, פּוֹלְמַ׳. Targum Psalms 9, 1 manuscript a. edition Genua (missing in editions).—plural פּוֹלִימַרְכִין, פּוֹלְמַ׳. Targum 2 Esther 8, 7; and elsewhere—[Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 32, 7; 33, 1 פולמורכ׳, read: פּוּלְמוֹסִין.] ↗ original
פולין , Vayikra Rabbah section 18 some edition, read: פִּילוֹן. ↗ original
פּוֹלִיס (πόλις) city. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Vayhi, p. 63ᵇ; Pesikta Rabbati section 17, see אִילְיוֹפּוֹלִיס. ↗ original
פוליסוטות , Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 5, beginning 62ᵈ הפ׳, read: חפי לסוטות, see חָף↗ original
פּוֹלִיפּוּס (πολύπους) polypus, a morbid growth in the nose. Kethuboth 7, 7 ואלו שכופין … ובעל פ׳ וכ׳ the following persons are forced to divorce their wives: one stricken with a skin disease, with a polypus etc.; explained the same place (ibid.) 77ᵃ ריח החוטם whose nose is ill-smelling; ריח הפה whose mouth is etc.; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 7, 11. Shabbath 109ᵃ יד מעלה פ׳ an unwashed hand (touching the nose) generates a polypus. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 7, 10 רשע והוא חוטא … וחוטמה מעלה פ׳ a violent man and sinner (against God) is like an ungainly woman who has a polypus besides; and elsewhere—plural פוּלְפְּסִין (supply (understood word) בעלי) afflicted with polypus. Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 1, 76ᵃ bottom of the page ↗ original
פּוֹלְמוֹס (πόλεμος) war, especially war with the Romans. Sotah 9, 14 בפ׳ של אספסיינוס during the Vespasian war; בפ׳ של טיטוס during the Titus war; בפ׳ האחרון during the last war (Hadrianic revolution); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 15, 8 (missing in edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.)). Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 39ᶜ top עד מתי אנו הורגין בפ׳ וכ׳ how long yet shall we slay one another in war?; and frequently—[Tosefta Chullin 3 (4), 27, read: פֵּילָמוֹס, see אפונס.]—plural פּוֹלמוֹסָיוֹת, פּוּלְמְסָאוֹת, פּוּלְמְסָיוֹת. Parah 8, 9 (מים) המכזבים בפ׳ waters which are known to have failed in wars. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 1, end, 19ᵈ הרוגי פל׳ slain in battle (during a revolution). Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 5, 42ᵈ bottom of the page Echah Rabbah to 2, 2 כמה פ׳ עשה וכ׳ how many wars did Hadrian wage?; and elsewhere ↗ original
פּוֹלְמוֹסָאarmy. Berachoth 30ᵇ דאתא פ׳ דמלכא וכ׳ when a royal army came to the city (of Nehardea); Avodah Zarah 70ᵇ ההוא פ׳ וכ׳ an army came etc. (Rashi: a commander). the same place (ibid.) רובא דאתי בהדי פ׳ וכ׳ the majority of those that came in that army (or with that commander) were Jews. Chullin 46ᵃ; and elsewhere—plural פּוֹלְמוֹסִיןsoldiers. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 33, 15. the same place (ibid.) 1; 32, 7 (not פולמרכין, פולמורכ׳). ↗ original
פּוּלְסָא (פְּלַס; compare Biblical Hebrew פֶּלֶס) circular plate or ring used as weight and as uncoined money (see פִּילֵס). Bava Metzia 47ᵇ (explained אסימון, the same place (ibid.) 4, 1) פ׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פִּילְסָא) uncoined metal. Shabbath 65ᵃ ליעבד לה פ׳ let him use any circular plate for it (instead of a coin, סלע).—plural פּוּלְסִין, פּוּלְסֵי. Vayikra Rabbah section 37 יהבת ליה אנתתיה עשרה פ׳ וכ׳ (not יהבי) his wife gave him ten pulsin, saying, buy something etc.—פ׳ דנורא heated disks or rings strung on a lash. Bava Metzia 85ᵇ מחיוה שתין פ׳ דנ׳ they (in heaven) punished him with sixty fiery lashes; Yoma 77ᵃ (omitted in editions; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 3; Munich manuscript פּוּלְסִים Hebrew form); Chagigah 15ᵃ. Bava Metzia 47ᵃ הוה מפיק פ׳ דנ׳ (Rashi פולסא) he would have brought out before thee (shown thee) fiery disks (i.e. would have threatened thee with excommunication). ↗ original
פּוֹלָר (φολλερόν = φόλλις, S., see בּוֹלְרִין) folleron, a small debased coin. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 1, 15ᵈ bottom of the page מילה דטבא חד פ׳ a thing which is worth one folleron; Bereshith Rabbah section 35, end; Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 934 מילתא אחד פלן (correct accordingly).—plural פּוֹלְרִין, פּוֹלְרֵי. Bereshith Rabbah section 70 אי … בי׳ פ׳ יהיב ליה חמשה פ׳ when labor was worth ten follera, he (Laban) gave him five; ואם … בו׳ פ׳ הוה יהיב ליה בג׳ פ׳ and if the load he brought in was worth six follera, he (Jacob) gave it to him for three. Bereshith Rabbah section 49, see עִיגּוּלָא. ↗ original
פּוּם = Hebrew פֶּה. Targum Exodus 4, 11. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) the same place (ibid.) 10, see חִגְּרָא. Targum Onkelos Genesis 29, 2, and the following; (Yerushalmi (prefix) פֻּם); and frequently—Targum 2 Samuel 23, 8 בפ׳ קלא with the voice of command (?).—Shabbath 67ᵇ לפ׳ רבנן to the mouth of our teachers, see חַיִּין. the same place (ibid.) 141ᵃ אפּוּמֵיה דלחייא on the top of the pole. the same place (ibid.) בפ׳ דשישא into the orifice of a bottle, see אֲשִׁישָׁא. Berachoth 62ᵃ דמי פומיה דאבא וכ׳ Abba’s mouth is like that of one that has never before sipped of a dish (he acts as if he touched a woman for the first time). Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 7, end, 40ᶜ לית אורחא … בפ׳ בעי מימר וכ׳ is it not a man’s way (of speaking), when he sees a person at the entrance (of the town), to say, I saw him in Tiberias?; and very frequently—כְּפוּם, לְפוּם, לְפוּמָא ד־ = Hebrew כְּפִי, לְפִי, according to; because. Targum Leviticus 25, 52. the same place (ibid.) 51. Targum Proverbs 12, 8 לפ׳ edition Lagarde edition (edition בפ׳, (correct accordingly). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 38, 25; and frequently—לפ׳ כן = Hebrew לְפִיכָךְ, therefore. the same place (ibid.); and frequently—Avoth 5, 22 לפ׳ צערא אגרא according to the pain (in studying) is the reward. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 3ᶜ bottom of the page לפ׳ כן צריך וכ׳ therefore was it necessary to say etc.; and frequently—plural פּוּמִין, פּוּמַיָּא. Targum Proverbs 5, 4; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 3ᵇ top אילו הוינא … תרין פ׳ had I been standing at the foot of Mount Sinai, I should have prayed that two mouths should be created for man, one for studying the Law etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, 3ᵃ and the following; and elsewhere—[Hebr. plur. פּוּמִין, see פֶּה.]—פום בדיתא, see פּוּמְבְּדִיתָא.—פום נהרא, see נַהֲרָא, etc. ↗ original
פּוּמְבְּדִיתָאPumb’ditha (Mouth of B’ditha, see בְּדִיתָא), seat of a great Jewish academy, in Babylonia. Sanhedrin 17ᵇ, and elsewhere סבי דפ׳ the elders (scholars) of P. (Jehudah and ʿEua); חריפי דפ׳, see חָרִיף; and very frequently—Denom. פּוּמְבְּדִיתָאָה masculine Pumb’dithean. Chullin 127ᵃ פ׳ לווייך וכ׳ (not פומבדיתא) if a Pumb’dithean joins thee (on the road), change thy inn (lest he rob thee).—plural פוּמְבְּדִיתָאֵי. Shabbath 153ᵃ ↗ original
פּוּמְבְּיָינֵי (compound or composed of פּוּם a. ביין; compare בֵּין a. בֵּינַיִּין) the seam between a garment and its border. Kiddushin 32ᵃ ↗ original
פּוֹמְפִּי (πομπή, pompa) solemn procession, pomp, solemnity, ostentation. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 1, beginning 45ᵈ כדי לעשות פומבי לדבר (Munich manuscript פוספי, read פומפי) in order to give greater publicity to the act; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 2, 39ᵈ top; the same place (ibid.) 2, end, 40ᵃ; and frequently—Pesikta Rabbati section 12 לפי שלא נעשית לה פ׳ כאמהות because she had not been given a public funeral as was given to the other Mothers. the same place (ibid.) היה נעשה להם פ׳ (masc.). the same place (ibid.) section 5 עשה להם פומבה גדולה made a great demonstration for them. Bava Bathra 145ᵇ עשה עמו בפ׳ וכ׳ if a man acted as a friend’s best man at a public wedding, and now asks his friend to be his best man at a private wedding. the same place (ibid.) עתיר נכסין עתיר פ׳ וכ׳ rich in goods, rich in pomp (popular ovations)—that is the preacher of hagadah (see אֲגָדָה); and frequently—Transferred (see Sophocles under the word πομπή) disgrace, reproach. Avodah Zarah 54ᵇ לא דיין … שעושין סלע שלי פ׳ וכ׳ it is not enough for the wicked that they have made my coin (divine image of man) a public disgrace, but etc.—Bereshith Rabbah section 86, beginning בני בכורי הוא ואני מורידו פורופי Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (read: פומפי = πομπῇ) he (Jacob) is my firstborn son, and shall I let him go down to Egypt in disgrace?—Eduyoth בני … בבזיון ואם ליתן בלבו של פרעה איני מורידו פומבי אלא וכ׳ (corrupted after ‘Rashi’ ואם אתן בלבו … להורידו איני מורידו פ׳) he is my firstborn son, and shall I make him go down in contempt? and if I put it into Pharaoh’s heart to bring him down, do I not bring him down in disgrace? (‘Rashi’ אני מורידו פופילא, correct accordingly). ↗ original
פּוּמְפַּיָּיא (reduplic. of פּוּם) graters. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 2, 81ᵇ top הורי באילין פ׳ וכ׳ decided concerning grating tools that it was permitted to make them during the festive week for use on the festival. ↗ original
פּוֹן (פְּנֵי) [turn,] a particle indicating the subjunctive mood, would, might. Targum Genesis 26, 10. Targum Numbers 11, 29. Targum Isaiah 48, 18, and the following; and frequently ↗ original
*פּוּנָא (the preceding) change.—plural פּוּנִין (adverb) alternately. Targum Job 4, 16 manuscript (edition סוגעין). ↗ original
פּוּנְדָּא (funda) money-bag, hollow belt. Kelim 29, 1. Shabbath 120ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) 10, 3 בפוּנְדָּתוֹ ופיה למטה (if he carries an object) in his belt with its opening downward. the same place (ibid.) בין פונדתו לחלוקו between his belt and his undergarment; and frequently—Tosefta Bava Metzia 8, 14 בפי פ׳ וכ׳ (not בפרפונדא) if he placed the object of trust in the mouth of his money-bag (whence it could easily be taken out or lost) or on the edge of his roof etc.—plural פּוּנְדָּיוֹת. Zavim 4, 4. ↗ original
פּוּנְדְּיוֹן (popular abridgment of Dupondium or Dipondium) Dupondium, a Roman coin equal to two Asses. Maʿǎser Sheni 4, 8 והלך … הוא יוצא בפ׳ and he went to another place where the Isar (As) is worth a Dupondium. Kelim 17, 11, and elsewhere, see כִּכָּר. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 4, 55ᵇ top שני איסרין פ׳ two Isars are one Dupondium. the same place (ibid.) 3, beginning 54ᵃ (not פונדיין); and frequently—Bechoroth 50ᵃ פּוּנְדִּין.—plural פּוּנְדְּיוֹנִין, פּוּנְדְּיוֹנוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 58ᵈ; Tosefta Bava Bathra 5, 12, and elsewhere, see מְעָה. Tosefta Maʿǎser Sheni 4, 13. the same place (ibid.) 3, 6; and frequently—Bechoroth the passage cited פּוּנְדִּינִין. ↗ original
פּוּנְדָּק (πανδοκεῖον) inn, tavern, lodging place. Bava Metzia 26ᵃ שעשאו פ׳ לשלשה בני אדם (not ישראל; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 4) when he made his house a lodging place for three persons (at the same time). Sotah 10ᵃ (explained אשל, Genesis 21, 33) חד אמר פרדס וחד אמר פ׳ one says, it means, Abraham planted an orchard, and one says, he put up an inn (for the reception of travellers); Bereshith Rabbah section 54 (with play on אׄשׄלׄ) פונדיק שׄאׄלׄ מה תשאל וכ׳ an inn, (where they say,) ask what you may desire, cake, meat, etc. Makkoth 10ᵇ הקב"ה מזמינן לפונדיק אחד the Lord causes them to meet at the same inn. Yevamoth 16, 7 (122ᵃ) והביאוהו בפונדוק (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition בפונדק) and they brought him (the sick man) to an inn; and frequently—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 5, 10ᶜ bottom of the page אבל בפ׳, read: בפִיסּוּק.]—plural פּוּנְדְּקות. Menachoth 32ᵇ בפוּנְדְּקוֹתֵיהֶן at the door of their lodgings. ↗ original
פּוּנְדְּקָא , inn, public house. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 3, 6ᵈ top הוו יתבין קומי פ׳ ברמשא (or פּוּנְדֵּיקָא, not פונדקיא) sat in front of an inn in the evening. the same place (ibid.) 6, 10ᵇ bottom of the page פונדיקא דברכתא the inn of B’rakhta; and elsewhere—[Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 150, see פּוּנְדְּקַי.]—plural פּוּנְדְּקִין. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Numbers 24, 14. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Exodus 14, 2; Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 33, 7 פּוּנְדְּקֵי (ד)חירתא (Hebrew text פי החירת); Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) the same place (ibid.) 8 פורוקי (correct accordingly). Targum I Chronicles 1, 20 פּוּנְדּוֹקִין. ↗ original
פּוּנְדְּקִי (corruption of ποντική = κάρυον ποντικόν) filbert.—plural פּוּנְדְּקִיִּין, פּוּנְדְּקָאוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 1, end, 51ᶜ פונדקרין (correct accordingly; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פּוּנְדְּקִין). Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 7, 48ᵈ bottom of the page פונדקאות עצמן if he ate the filberts themselves (with their burrs in their green state). ↗ original
פּוּנְדָּקִי (denominative of פּוּנְדָּק = πανδοκεύς) innkeeper, host. Gittin 8, 9; Eduy. 4, 7; Tosefta Yevamoth 1, 10; Tosefta Gittin 8 (6), 8 לנה עמו בפ׳ she staid over night with him (her divorced husband) as her host. Vayikra Rabbah section 1 איו גנאי … עם פ׳ שלו it is not beneath a king’s dignity to speak to his host (so did the Lord speak to Abraham, referring to Genesis 18, 1); and elsewhere ↗ original
פּוּנְדְּקַי Bereshith Rabbah section 92 [read:] עובדא הוה בדרומא דהוה תמן חד פ׳ וכ׳ it happened in Darom that a certain innkeeper was there etc.; the same place (ibid.) ההוא פונדקאה (some edition קא …, קה …, correct accordingly); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 150 פונדק, פונדקא (correct accordingly); and elsewhere ↗ original
פּוּנְדָּקִית (preceding article) hostess, innkeeper. Demai 3, 5; Chullin 6ᵇ הנותן לפ׳ שלו if one gives to his hostess (provisions to prepare). Yevamoth 16, 7 ובחזרתן אמרו לפ׳ וכ׳ and when they came back, they asked the (gentile) innkeeper. the same place (ibid.) ולא תהא כהנת כפ׳ should a priest’s wife not be as good (an evidence) as that innkeeper? לכשתהא כפ׳ when she will be (offering such evidence) as that innkeeper; Tosefta Yevamoth end לכשתהא פ׳ (correct accordingly). Esther Rabbah to 1, 9 (proverbial expression) לא תהא כהנת כפ׳ should the priest’s wife etc., i.e. should the Lord not be at least as much revered as the idols?; Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Yitsḥ. 3); and elsewhere ↗ original
פּוּנְדְּקִיתָא , especially keeper of a public house, harlot. Targum Joshua 2, 1 (Hebrew text זונה). Targum Ezekiel 23, 44.—plural פּוּנְדְּקָאָן, פּוּנְדְּקָן. Targum I Kings 3, 16 קאן … edition Lagarde edition (other edition קן …). ↗ original
פּוֹנְטוֹס (Pontus, Πόντος) Pontus, the country bordering on the Pontus Euxinus. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 10, 10 (Hebrew text שנער (!); the same place (ibid.) 14, 1 (some edition בוגט׳, בונט׳).—Sifra B’har, Parah 1, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 1 מה שהוציא עקילס לעבדיו לפונשוס (correct accordingly) what Aquila exported (from Palestine) for his slaves to Pontus; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 659 לפנתוס (correct accordingly). ↗ original
פּוּנְקְלִין (πανούκλιον, Hesych. under the word πήνιον; πανοῦλκος quoted in Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Tela; Lat. panuncula) threads wound around the bobbin. Bava Kamma 119ᵇ אין לוקחין … ולא פ׳ (Munich manuscript פונקנין, Manuscript Hamburg פונקין) you dare not buy from the weaver … threads of the bobbin (see נִיר 4); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 11, 11 פָּאנִיקְנִין (variant reading פאנקין; anoth. var. סנאקנין, correct accordingly). ↗ original
פּוּסְקָא (פְּסַק) [decree,] pusḳa, name of a huge cup which every guest at a banquet must empty. Yalkut Shimoni Esther 1048 (frequently Abba Gorion) כך היה תכסיס … והוא נקרא פ׳ וכ׳ such was the order of things with the Persians: they had a large cup … which was called pusḳa etc.; see פִּיתְקָא. ↗ original
פּוּסְתָּא (Pers. pûst, Perles Et. St., p. 16) [skin, rind on which writing is done,] sheet, page (compare יְרִיעָה, דַּף). Gittin 58ᵃ, see אִינְגַּד. ↗ original
פּוּעַ (compare פּוּחַ) to blow, see פָּעָה. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֵפִיעַto make breathe, revive. Shemoth Rabbah section 1 (referring to פועה Exodus 1, 15) שהיתה מְפִיעָה את התינוק וכ׳ she revived the infant (blew air into it), when people said, it is dead.—[Devarim Rabbah section 1 מפיע את מלכותי some edition, read: מוֹפִיעַ, frequently יָפַע.] ↗ original
פּוּעָה 1 (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a female person Puah, one of the midwives in Egypt. Shemoth Rabbah section 1, see פּוּעַ Hebrew Sotah 11ᵇ, see פָּעָה. Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 1, see יָפַע; and elsewhere ↗ original
פּוֹעִירָהPoʿirah. Kiddushin 66ᵃ אלעזר בן פ׳ a counsellor of king Yoḥănan (Jannai). ↗ original
פּוֹעַל 1work, achievement. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 44 edition Buber edition פ׳ שפעלת שיצאו וכ׳ the work which thou didst accomplish, that they went forth from Egypt; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 746. Nedarim 62ᵃ עשה דברים לשם פָּעֳלָם do things for the sake of their effect (for the good which is achieved through them (Treatise Derekh Erets Zutta Chaldaic (Aramaic) 2 לשום פְּעוּלָּתָן); [Rashi: לשם פּוֹעֲלָם in the name of their Maker]. ↗ original
פּוֹעֵל (the preceding) laborer, hired man, employee. Bava Metzia 2, 9 (30ᵇ) (בטל) היה בטל מסלע … כפ׳ if by taking charge of a lost animal he neglected his usual work to the extent of losing one Sela, he cannot say, give me one Sela, but he (the owner) pays him as he would pay an (idle) laborer, explained the same place (ibid.) 31ᵇ כפ׳ בטל של אותה מלאכה וכ׳ like an idle laborer at the kind of work in which he was interrupted, i.e. as much as a laborer in that line would ask for stopping work for which he was engaged (which would be less than he would earn by working); [other opinion: as much as a laborer out of work would take rather than be idle]; the same place (ibid.) 5, 4. the same place (ibid.) 77ᵃ יד פ׳ על העליונה the laborer is at an advantage (see יָד); יד פ׳ על התחתונה the laborer is at a disadvantage. the same place (ibid.) 83ᵇ top פ׳ בכניסתו משלו the time needed for the laborer to go home from his work is part of his free time, i.e. must not be deducted from the hours belonging to the employer (see הוֹצָאָה); Bereshith Rabbah section 72; and frequently—plural פּוֹעֲלִים, פּוֹעֲלִין. Bava Metzia 7, 1. the same place (ibid.) 89ᵇ; and frequently—Avoth 2, 15 היום … הפ׳ עצלים the day (of life) is short, the work large, and the workingmen (of the Lord) are lazy.—Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 19 (referring to Psalms 92, 8) והציצו כל פּוֹעֲלֵי צורת וכ׳ and all workers of similitudes of sun and moon shall see that they and their work are vanity.—[Nedarim 62ᵇ, see the preceding word] ↗ original
פּוֹעַל 2same. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 23, 25, and the following (edition Amsterdam edition פָּעַל, פּוֹעֵל).—Genesis G. section 39, end, and elsewhere פ׳ טבא a good workingman, see דָּהוֹן. Bava Metzia 83ᵇ אגריתו לי כפ׳ דאורייתא you have hired me as a laborer in the Biblical sense (Psalms 104, 23; you have no right to demand additional hours); and frequently—plural פּוֹעֲלִין, פּוֹעֲלַיָּיא, פָּעֲ׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 3, 66ᵈ bottom of the page נפק לטורא לגבי פָּעֲלוֹי (not פעליי) went to the mountain to look after his laborers; and frequently employer. Bereshith Rabbah section 15; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 20; see פָּעַל I. ↗ original
פּוֹעֲלָא 2 common gender = Hebrew פּוֹעַל, work; earning. Bereshith Rabbah section 70 אי הות פ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אין הוה פּוֹעֲלָה), see פּוֹלָר. Bereshith Rabbah section 68 סב פ׳ דאבוך Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition פּוֹעֲלַיָּא plural; variant reading Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) מדלא) take thy father’s earnings. ↗ original
פופידתא , Eruvin 60ᵃ בר פ׳ מפומבדיתא, read: בבראי דפומב׳ (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 50) in the outskirts of Pumb’ditha. ↗ original
פּוּץ (Biblical Hebrew) to break through. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֵפִיץto break through, spread. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 1, 19ᵇ and the following [read:] חד אמר … וחרנה אין עושין כל עיקר שמא יָפִיצוּ גוים ויבואו לארץ ישראל ואית דבעי מימר שמא יִפְרְצוּ אויבים ויבואו לידי קרחה one says (in the case of border towns condemned for idolatry, see נָדַח), if there are two of them, we do not condemn them to be destroyed, if only one, we do; and another says, if there are several border towns near one another (of which one is to be condemned), we proceed (against the one, because the protection remains unimpaired), but if they are scattered, we do not; and a third one says, we must not destroy a border town under any circumstances, lest ravaging troops break forth and invade Palestine; but some would say (instead), lest a regular enemy invade and find an open country (see Babylonian Sanhedrin 16ᵇ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 14, 1). Pol. פּוֹצֵץto shatter, shiver, spread. participle passive מְפוֹצָץ; feminine מְפוֹצֶצֶת. Vayikra Rabbah section 27 עתידה בת קול להיות מפ׳ … ואומרת וכ׳ (not ואומר) in days to come a divine voice will be scattered in all directions (compare נִיצוֹץ) on the top of mountains and proclaim etc. Hithpol. הִתְפּוֹצֵץto be shattered. Kiddushin 30ᵇ אם ברזל הוא מִתְפּוֹצֵץ if he (the tempter in man’s heart) is of iron, he will be shattered (by the study of God’s word, with referring to Jeremiah 23, 29). ↗ original
פּוּקto go forth.—[לפוק, Kelim 28, 2; Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 3, end, 25ᵇ, see פָּקַק.] Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֵפִיקto give forth, utter; to let pass, forego. Kiddushin 39ᵇ; Chullin 142ᵃ, see לָחַךְ.—Eruvin 65ᵃ (play on Job 41, 7) כל המֵפִיק מגן בשעת גאוה he who foregoes the Prayer of Benedictions (see מָגֵן) in the moment of haughtiness (who being in wine has enough reverence left to him to feel his unworthiness to stand up in prayer); מאי משמע דהאי אפיק לישנא דעבורי הוא (Oxford manuscript מפיק) what authority is there for using the root פוק in the sense of passing? (Answ.: referring to Job 6, 15). the same place (ibid.) ר"י אומר כל שאינו מפיק איתמר R. J. says, the relation is ‘he who does not utter’ (prayer in a state of drunkenness); מאי משמע דההוא פוק לישנא דגלויי הוא where is the authority for using פוק in the sense of revealing? (Answ.: referring to Psalms 18, 16); Yalkut Shimoni Job 927. ↗ original
פוקטו , a corruption, for פּוּנִיקִי (Punica, φοινική = φοινικική, supply (understood word) λαμπάς; see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Laterna). Punic lantern. Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 2, 6 פ׳ שיש בה בית קבול שמן a lantern which contains a receptacle for oil, contradistinguished to שיש בה בית קבול נר which has a receptacle for a candlestick. ↗ original
פּוּקִיתָא = Hebrew פּוּקָה, vacillation, weakness. Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 23 (referring to פוקה, I Samuel 25, 31) [read:] אמרה ליה אודהר מפ׳ דנפשא she said to him (David), be on thy guard against (bringing on thee) weakness of soul (loss of courage when thou wilt have to pronounce judgment on others). ↗ original
פּוּקְלָא (פקל) pod or capsule of a plant, boll (of flax).—plural פּוּקְלִין. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Exodus 9, 31 (Hebrew text גבעול).—[Niddah 17ᵃ, see פְּקוֹלִין.] ↗ original
פוקסמין , Avodah Zarah 33ᵇ Munich manuscript, see פְּקִיסְנָא ↗ original
פוֹקָרִין (ποκάριον) lock or tuft of wool (used as lint on a wound). Tosefta Shabbath V (6), 2; Shabbath 5Shabbath 50ᵃ בפוק׳ Munich manuscript (edition בפקו׳; Oxford manuscript בפיקור׳; correct accordingly). Bereshith Rabbah section 77 נטל … פ׳ וכ׳ Jacob … took a tuft of wool and stuck it in his throat; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 132 פוקרי (correct accordingly); Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 6 נטל פרקדין וכרכו וכ׳ (correct accordingly) he took (a rope of) wool and wound it around his neck. Koheleth Rabbah to 10, 16 אילו הייתי שם פ׳ וכ׳ (not פי׳) had I been there, I should have tied a rope of wool around his (Solomon’s) neck; Yalkut Shimoni Kings 175 פקרין (correct accordingly). Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 10, beginning 26ᵃ כמין פ׳ היו בידו (not פיקרין) the T’fillin were in his hand (bundled up) like a tuft of wool (put on a wound). Tosefta Kilayim 5, 23 הפקרית והציפה וכ׳ (correct accordingly) lint (for wounds) and wool tufts are not subject to the law concerning mixture of wool and flax (כלאים). ↗ original
פּוּר , פִּיסָא; see Halévy, Revue des Et. Juives 14, p. 289 and the following) [piece, division,] lot. Shabbath 149ᵇ (referring to חולש, Isaiah 14, 12) שהיה מטיל פ׳ וכ׳ he used to cast lots on the nobles of his kingdom to find out etc. Esther Rabbah to 3, 7 בתחלה הפיל פ׳ בימים first he cast the lot on days (of the week); הפיל פ׳ ביום אחד בשבת he cast the lot as to the first day of the week; and elsewhere—Berachoth 16ᵇ יהי רצון שתַּשְׁכֵּן בפוּרֵינוּ וכ׳ (some edition שתִּשְׁכּוֹן) may it be thy will to cause to dwell in our lot (that in our lot may dwell) love and brotherhood etc.; (Munich manuscript בפוריינו, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, 7ᵈ bottom of the page שתשכן בפוּרְיֵינוּ (from פּוּרְיָא).—plural פּוּרִים, פּוּרִין. Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 785 they did not come spontaneously, אלא פ׳ שהטילו עליהן but lots were cast for them; and elsewhere—Esp. Purim, the festival commemorating the delivery of the Jews of the Persian empire from the massacre with which they were threatened through the machinations of Haman. Avodah Zarah 17ᵇ, see מְעָה. Megillah 7ᵇ סעודת פ׳ the festive meal of Purim. Bava Metzia 106ᵇ, and elsewhere מגבת פ׳, see מִגְבָּה; and frequently ↗ original
פּוּרָא Targum Esther 3, 7 (edition Lagarde edition מילתא).—Shabbath 149ᵇ לישנא דפ׳, see חֵלֶשׁ.—plural פּוּרַיָּא, especially the festival of Purim, see the preceding Targum Esther 9, 26; 28; and elsewhere—Megillah 7ᵇ מיחייב אינש לבסומי בפ׳ וכ׳ man is bound to make himself cheerful with wine on Purim, until he knows no more the difference etc. the same place (ibid.) 5ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original
פּוֹרָא = פֵּירָא, fruit.—plural פּוֹרַיָּא, פּוֹרִין, פּוֹרֵי. Ruth Rabbah introduction (referring to תפיל, Proverbs 19, 15) כמד"א נפל שעריהון דפ׳ as you say, the price of fruits has fallen (meaning, fruits are plentiful). Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 3, 66ᵈ top איתון חמון פ׳ דשמש come and see the fruits of the sun (of a hot and dry year). Bereshith Rabbah section 71 (referring to עיניו Job 36, 7) כאינש דאמר עיניהון דפוֹרַיָּה (not עינוהי) as a man says, the eyes (prospects) of the fruits (hopes of success; Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 28 עייניהון קפידיהין, see קְפֵידָא). Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 2, end, 8ᵈ בריך רחמנא דחמי לי פ׳ עד וכ׳ blessed be the Merciful who made me see fruits (success of my pupil), while I am alive; and elsewhere ↗ original
פּוּרְגָּרָה (redupl. of פְּרַג) a sprouting bulb, seed-onion. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 3, 17ᶜ (explained אמהות של בצלים, Mishnah the same place (ibid.) 3, 4) רב אמר פ׳ Rab says, it is what we call purgarah (Rabbenu Shimshon ad loc. (on the passage) פּרגד, read: פַּרְגַּר). Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 1, 49ᵃ bottom of the page (explained משיפקל, Mishnah the same place (ibid.) 1, 6) מן דו ירים פ׳ (not פוד׳, פיד׳) when the seed-onion is separated from the onions, see פָּקַל. ↗ original
פּוּרְיָא 1 = פּוּר, lot. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 7ᵈ bottom of the page, see פּוּר. ↗ original
פּוּרְיָא Targum Song of Songs 1, 16 את משרי בפוריינא חיבתא edition Lagarde edition (edition Amsterdam edition חביבתא, correct accordingly) thou causest love to dwell in our lot (see פּוּר). ↗ original
פּוּרְיָא 2 common gender (פרי, sec. root or radix of פרר; see אַפִּרְיוֹן) [frame,] couch, especially the bride’s litter. Pesikta Rabbati section 43 הושיבה עמרם בפ׳, see אַפִּרְיוֹן. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 11 מה כלה זו יושבת בפוּרְיָהּ וכ׳ as a bride is seated in her litter (is carried in procession, as if) saying, behold, I am pure etc. ↗ original
פּוּרְיָא ² , bed. Shabbath 118ᵃ (explained פרנסת לינה) פ׳ ובי סדיא a bedstead and a cushion; Bava Bathra 9ᵃ; Moed Katan 11ᵃ כוורא … ולא ליטעון פ׳ after fish, cresses and milk, let the body be laden but not the bed (walk but do not lie down). Kethuboth 10ᵇ (etymol.) פ׳ שפרין וכ׳ the bed is called puria, because on it men multiply and increase; and frequently—Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 70 הוה להו פ׳ דהוו מגנו אורחי עלה they (in Sodom) had a bed on which they let strangers sleep; Sanhedrin 109ᵇ הויא להו פּוּרְיְיתָא (Munich manuscript כורסייתא; Yalkut Shimoni edition Salon. ביסריא, read: בי סדיא).—plural פּוּרְיָיתָא. Shabbath 121ᵃ and the following לרב … אייתו להו פ׳ (Oxford manuscript פורייא) for R. J. and R. J. … they brought couches in. ↗ original
פּוּרְיוֹמָא = Hebrew פִּרְיוֹם, litter. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 2, beginning 26ᵃ (explained הינומא, Mishnah the same place (ibid.) 1, 1) רבנן … פ׳ the Palestinian scholars call it puryoma, see הֵינוּמָא. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 10 אפריון זה הארון ומה הוא אפריון פר׳ appiryon (Song of Songs 3, 9) refers to the holy ark, and what does appiryon mean? A litter. ↗ original
פּוּרְיוֹן (compare פִּדְיוֹם = פִּדְיוֹן) same, litter. Mechilta Mishpatim section 1, see לֶקְטִיקָא.—[Bamidbar Rabbah section 12; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 10 Musafia, see פִּרְיוֹם.] [Φορεῖον is a phonetic coincidence with our word] ↗ original
פּוּרְיָינָא (see the preceding words) canopy on a frame, bridal bed. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 32, 50.—[Targum Song of Songs 1, 16, see פּוּרְיָא I.] ↗ original
פּוּרְיְיתָא 2 (the preceding) [frame,] lid with rims, close-fitting cover (corresp. to דּוֹפֵק, see Sifré Numbers 126, quoted under the word פָּתִיל). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 19, 15 פ׳ משעא pasted-on lid (Hebrew text צמיד פתיל; Yerushalmi (prefix) I מגופתא). ↗ original
פּוּרְכְּתָא (פְּרַךְ 2) sheaf. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 37, 7.—plural פּוּרְכָּתָא. the same place (ibid.) (edition Amsterdam edition פּוּרְכֵ׳).—5. פֵּירוּכָא 2. ↗ original
פּוּרְמָא (פָּרַם) piece of cloth, rag used as a mask, bandage over the eyes. Tanchuma Mishpatim 19 פ׳ בפניהם כגון חמורים וכ׳ they (the demons) have a mask over their faces like the millers’ asses; וכשהעונות גורמין הפ׳ נגלה וכ׳ and when man’s sins bring it about, the mask is removed, and man becomes insane; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 772 וכל אחד … פרמא בעיניהם וכ׳ (read: בפני ע׳) and every one of them has a bandage over his eyes; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 17 פְּרָאמָא נתון לפני עיניהן וכ׳ (edition Buber edition נתונה); Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 670 פרואמה, פרואמי׳ (a confusion of פורמא and פראמא); Ylamdenu to Deuteronomy 2, 31, quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פורמא edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) (other edition פומאריה, פומארים, correct accordingly).—plural פּוּרְמַיָּא, פּוּרְמֵי, פְּרָ׳. Shabbath 66ᵇ, see פְּדָאמֵי. Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 79 עתיד לך פְּרוּמֵי get thyself bandages (as for an ass in the tread-mill); see פּוּרְבִּי. ↗ original
פּוֹרָן (פָּרַר; compare Hif'ilהֵפֵר) one who breaks his promise, perfidious.—plural פּוֹרָנִים. Sifré Deuteronomy 320 (synonymous with הֲפַכְפְּכָן); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 945 פרדנין (some edition מרדנין, correct accordingly). ↗ original
פּוֹרְנִי (πόρνη) harlot. Vayikra Rabbah section 33 פילא פ׳, see בְּלֵי I; Yalkut Shimoni Daniel 1061. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 4 פגי (correct accordingly), see באמי.— (compare Lat. adultera, adulterina, supply (understood word) clavis; see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Clavis) skeleton-key. Kelim 11, 4 הפורני Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) (edition הפורנא, הפורנה). ↗ original
פּוּרְנִי (an adaptation of furnus, φοῦρνος, as if from פָּרַן) [the supplier,] a stationary, large baking oven, contradistinguished to תנור. Tosefta Betzah 3, 20; Betzah 34ᵃ. Pesachim 31ᵇ פת פ׳ bread baked in the purni (large loaves). Avodah Zarah 35ᵇ פת פ׳ מאפה סאה bread of an oven of a batch of a S’ah of flour; and frequently—Kelim 8, 9 פּוּרְנָה an earthen oven; Tosefta Kelim Bava Kamma 6, 17 פּוּרְנָא. ↗ original
פּוֹרָנִית (preceding article) supply of bread, sustenance (compare פַּרְנָסָה). Bereshith Rabbah section 67 [read:] פּוֹרָנִיתְךָ אפויה וכ׳ thy sustenance is baked for thee everywhere, see אָפָה; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 115 פורניותו אפוי (correct accordingly). ↗ original
פורנס , Bereshith Rabbah section 68 some edition; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 119, read: טוֹרוֹס; see פְּלוּמָא ↗ original
פּוּרְסָא (פְּרַס 1) division, arrangement, order, proper time (compare קֵץ). Shabbath 129ᵇ פ׳ דדמא כל וכ׳ the order (proper period) for blood-letting is every thirty days; פ׳ דדמא חד וכ׳ the order (proper day) for blood-letting is the first day of the week etc. Gittin 37ᵃ (explaining פרוסבול) פ׳ דמילתא the arrangement (institution) of a measure. ↗ original
פּוֹרָסָא (the preceding) [distributor, compare Lat. dispensator,] manager, purser.—plural פּוֹרָסֵי. Yoma 9ᵃ מאי פרהדרין פ׳ what does parhedrin mean? Managers (see פַּרְהֶדְרִין). Yevamoth 45ᵇ מנייה בפ׳ דבבל appointed him one of the collectors of Babylonia; Shabbath 154ᵃ בפוֹרָסַיָּה דבבל; (Rashi בפורסי; Tosafoth אַפּוֹרָסַיָּה, אפורסייה over the collectors of etc.).—[Gittin 28ᵇ, see next word] ↗ original
(פורסישמנג (Pers. pursiš nâmeh, Perl. Et. St., p. 36) investigation paper, verdict. Gittin 28ᵇ מקמי דלחתום פ׳ (edition פורסי שנמג, read: פורסיש נמג) before the verdict is signed. ↗ original
פּוּרְסָן (פְּרַס 1, compare פּוּרְסָא) distribution, arrangement, assessment, valuation (Hebrew עֶרֶךְ). Targum Onkelos Leviticus 27, 2, and the following the same place (ibid.) 5, 15; and frequently—[Denom. אִיפַּרְסֵן which see] ↗ original
פּוּרְעָנוּת (the preceding words) retribution, reward; especially punishment, divine visitation; evil dispensation, reverses. Yoma 76ᵃ; Sanhedrin 100ᵇ, and elsewhere מידה טובה מרובה ממידת פ׳ the measure of divine goodness is larger than that of evil dispensation. the same place (ibid.) 102ᵃ עת היא מזומנת לפ׳ (not מזומן) there is a time designated for visitation (of man’s sins); מקום … לפ׳ there is a place designated for etc. Avoth 1, 7, see יָאַשׁ; and very frequently—Bava Bathra 14ᵇ, see next word—plural פּוּרְעָנִיּוֹת. Avoth 5, 8 שבעה מיני פ׳ וכ׳ (some edition sing.) seven kinds of visitations come upon the world. Taanith 14ᵃ ושאר כל מיני פ׳ וכ׳ and all other calamities that threaten etc.; Bava Kamma 80ᵇ. Rosh Hashanah 18ᵇ אני מונה לסדר פ׳ I count (the fast-days) according to the chronological order of the sad events (which they commemorate); and frequently ↗ original
פּוּרְעָנוּתָאrepayment, reciprocation. Targum Proverbs 19, 17.—Moed Katan 22ᵇ Munich manuscript (edition פּוּרְעַנְתָּא), see אֲרִישְׂתָּא. punishment, evil dispensation. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 28, 24. Targum Jeremiah 14, 19; and frequently—Bava Bathra 14ᵇ אתחולי בפ׳ וכ׳ we must not begin with evil events (not place the Book of Job at the head of the Hagiographa); the same place (ibid.) 108ᵃ (referring to Mishnah the same place (ibid.) 8, 1) אתחולי בפ׳ וכ׳ we must not place the case of evil (of parents surviving their children) first. the same place (ibid.) 14ᵇ (והא)רות נמי פ׳ הוא Oxford manuscript a. R. (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 2) but does not the Book of Ruth likewise contain a tale of evil dispensations? (Answ.) פ׳ היא דאית לה אחרית Manuscript Hamburg (edition פורענות דאית ליה וכ׳) it is a tale of misfortune which ends well; and elsewhere—plural פּוּרְעַנְוָון, פּוּרְעַנְוָן. Targum Ezekiel 25, 17. the same place (ibid.) 14, 21 edition Lagarde edition (other edition פּוּרְעָנִין). ↗ original
פּוּרְפּוּרָא common gender (φορφύρα, purpura) purple, especially purple cloak, royal garment. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 12 (explained רקמה, Ezekiel 16, 10) פ׳ purple garments; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Beshallach, p. 84ᵇ פורפירון; Echah Rabbah beginning (some edition פורפריא). the same place (ibid.) מבזע פ׳ שלו he rends his purple cloak (in mourning); the same place (ibid.) to 2, 17 בזע פּוּרְפִּירֵיה (some edition פורפירין, correct accordingly), see בְּזע. Shemoth Rabbah section 30 גינו בפ׳ שהוא לבוש (not בפורפרא) they criticised the cloak he wore. Devarim Rabbah section 7 לְבוֹשׁ פ׳ שלי put on my royal cloak. Esther Rabbah to 3, 6 פ׳ דמלכא מזדבנא וכ׳ the royal purple is sold, woe to him who sells, woe to him who buys it; כך ישראל הן פ׳ שהק"בה מתפאר בהן (some edition פורפריא) so Israel is the purple cloak, for the Lord is glorified through them; and very frequently—plural פּוּרְפְּרָאוֹת. Pesikta Rabbati section 10, see פּוּרְפּוּרְיָא. ↗ original
פּוּרְפּוּרְיָאsame. Bereshith Rabbah section 85, end פ׳ בבליא a Babylonian purple cloak; (Yalkut Shimoni Joshua 18 פורפירא בבליקון). Echah Rabbah beginning, see the preceding Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 9, 13 כותבו בפ׳ שלו marks it (with blood) on his purple; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 645 בפורפירא (some edition בפורפיר); see next word—plural פּוּרְפַּרְיָאוֹת, interch. with פּוֹרְפְּרָאוֹת. Pesikta Rabbati section 10; and elsewhere ↗ original
פּוּרְפּוּרְיוֹן (πορφύριον) same. Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 869 (quoted frequently Ylamdenu) … כביכול נוטל … וטובל פ׳ שלו … ולובש אותו פ׳ וכ׳ the Lord, as it were, takes of every (martyr’s) life-blood, and dips his purple in it …, and when the day of judgment comes …, he puts on that purple and shows the body of every righteous man marked on it etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 785. Bereshith Rabbah section 74 והעביר פ׳ מעליו וכ׳ (not פיפורין) took off the purple cloak and the crown etc.; and frequently—plural פּוּרְפּוּרִין, פּוּרְפִּי׳, פּוּרְפְּרִין. Tanchuma Ki Thissa 8; Vayikra Rabbah section 2; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Shekalim 16ᵇ (not רון …); and elsewhere ↗ original
פּוּרְצְמָא (see next word; supply (understood word) יין) wine made of kernels. Bava Bathra 95ᵇ (Rashb.) פּוּרְצְמִין plural; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פַּרְצוּמָא; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 8. ↗ original
פּוּרְצָנָא , plural פּוּרְצָנִין, פּוּרְצָנֵי (פצץ, with anorg. ר; compare פַּרְצִידָא) kernels of grapes, a pomace of kernels. Targum Onkelos Numbers 6, 5 (edition Vienna edition פּוּרְצְ׳); quoted Nazir 39ᵃ.—Avodah Zarah 34ᵇ פ׳ דארמאי kernels sold by gentiles. Pesachim 42ᵇ בדפ׳ when the drink (תָּמָד) is made of kernels. Berachoth 38ᵃ או דפ׳ קאמרת or do you mean (by trimma) a drink made of kernels? Chullin 110ᵃ בפ׳ over a fire made with kernels (compare סוּפְלֵי). ↗ original
פּוּרְקְדָל (denomin. of פרקד) a blow on the back. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᶜ bottom of the page ↗ original
פּוּרְקְדָן species of peas. Kilayim 1, 1 (Munich manuscript פרקדן), explained Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 27ᵃ top גּוּלְבִּינָה. ↗ original
פּוּרְקָן (פְּרַק) redemption money, redemption; delivery. Targum Onkelos Numbers 3, 46; 48, and the following Targum Psalms 33, 17. the same place (ibid.) 96, 2. the same place (ibid.) 95, 1 פּוּרְקְנָנָא edition Lagarde edition (other edition פורקנא, correct accordingly); and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 70ᶜ bottom of the page והוה פר׳; Megillah Taanith Chaldaic (Aramaic) 12 והוה פו׳ לבית ישראל there came release to the house of Israel; and elsewhere—5. פִּרְקוֹנָא. ↗ original
פּוּרְקָנוּת feminine same. Targum Psalms 44, 5. the same place (ibid.) 28, 8; and elsewhere ↗ original
פּוֹרְתָּא (the preceding) fragment, portion. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᵃ bottom of the page קטר פּוֹרְתֵּיה לפורתיה he tied his (R. Jacob’s) portion to his own. Gittin 34ᵇ קרו … ופ׳ שרה they called her Miriam, but a portion (some few people) called her Sarah; and elsewhere a little. Kiddushin 70ᵃ, see גּוּנְדְּרִיתָא. Gittin 56ᵇ, see הַצָּלָה. the same place (ibid.) עד דרווח מיעיה פ׳ פ׳ until his (shrunken) bowels gradually extended. Bava Metzia 118ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original
פּוּשׁ (compare נָפַשׁ) to breathe; to rest one’s self. Shabbath 5ᵇ עמד לָפוּשׁ he stood still in order to rest, opposite לכתף to adjust his load; Bava Kamma 31ᵃ; and elsewhere ↗ original
פּוּשׁ ² (the preceding; Biblical Hebrew פּוּשׁ) [to be blown up,] to expand, grow larger, increase; to remain over. Targum Onkelos Genesis 26, 22 (edition Berlin edition ויַפְשִׁינָנָא, see below).—participle פָּשׁ, פָּיֵישׁ, פָּיֵשׁ; plural פָּשָׁן, פַּיְישִׁין. Targum Song of Songs 6, 11. the same place (ibid.) 1, 16.—Kethuboth 106ᵃ הוו פַיְישֵׁי וכ׳ there remained with him etc. Taanith 20ᵇ דהוה פָיֵישׁ וכ׳, see גִּינָּאָה. Shabbath 89ᵇ פָּשׁוּ להו חמשין there remain fifty; and frequently—Echah Rabbah to 2, 2 אף אינין לא פָשַׁת להון טב with them, too, it did not prosper well, i.e. they did not end well (Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 69ᵃ לא נפקין טבאות). Af'el הִפְעִיל אָפֵישׁ, אַפְשֵׁיto enlarge, increase. Targum Psalms 105, 24. Targum Job 36, 24 תָּפֵישׁ (not תְּפִישׁ). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) (a. O. edition Berlin edition) Genesis the passage cited יַפְשִׁינָנָא he will increase us (Hebrew text ופרינו); and elsewhere—Shabbath 32ᵃ תָּפֵישׁ תירוס וכ׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) תֵּיפיּשׁPe.), see מַחְטְרָא; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 31; and elsewhere—5. נְפֵישׁ. ↗ original
פּוּשְׁקָא masculine = פּוּשְׁכָּא. Yalkut Shimoni Daniel 1062 נבוכדנצר ננסא קטיעא פ׳ (some edition פי׳) Neb. the dwarf, the stump, as big as the palm of the hand (probably to be read פּוּשְׁקָאָה, compare אֶצְבָּעִי), see קוֹרְטָא↗ original
פּוּשְׁקַנְצָה (probably = פּוּשׁ קִצָּאlarge tail) raven. Bava Bathra 73ᵇ אתא פ׳ ובלעה וכ׳ (Munich manuscript פושקצא ובלעיה) a raven came and swallowed the snake. ↗ original
פּוֹשֵׁר , plural פּוֹשְׁרִים, פּוֹשְׁרִיןtepid (water), see פָּשַׁר. ↗ original
פּוּשְׁרָנָא (פְּשַׁר) = Hebrew פִּתְרוֹן, solution, interpretation. Targum Genesis 40, 5. the same place (ibid.) 8 פושרן חלמייא Yerushalmi (prefix) a. O. edition Berlin edition (some edition פושרן only, correct accordingly); and frequently ↗ original
פּוּשְׁתַּבְנָאPushtabna, name of a tall man. Bamidbar Rabbah section 9 (edition Leipz. פושתכ׳); Niddah 25ᵃ top פרשתבינא (read: פוש׳; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פשתיכנא). [Tosafoth to Niddah the passage cited an official title.] ↗ original
פות , Tosefta Terumoth 7, 16 מפויית variant reading edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.), see פּוּחַ Hebrew ↗ original
פּוּת (= חפּוּת, compare דּוּת = חַדּוּת; חָפַף 2) scraper, strigil. Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 2, 12 הַפּוּת של וכ׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading ספות, Rabbenu Shimshon to Kelim 12, 6 חבית, read: חפות) the metal scraper in private houses, contradistinguished to מגררות של אולירין. ↗ original
פּוּתָא = Hebrew פּוּאָה. Shabbath 66ᵇ (referring to the use of puah as a prophylactic) נפל פ׳ בבירא the puah has fallen into a pit (it has fallen into desuetude). ↗ original
פּוֹתָהפֹּתוֹת plural; see ) socket of the door-pin. Kelim 11, 2 פ׳ שתחת הציר edition Dehr. (other edition פּוֹתֵת) the hole under the hinge; Bamidbar Rabbah section 12 (explained פתות, I Kings 7, 50) זה פותה וכ׳ (some edition פותת) this is (what the Mishnah Kelim the passage cited calls) etc.—plural פּוֹתוֹת. Pesikta Rabbati section 6. ↗ original
פּוֹתֵחַ (פָּתַח) opening, aperture; פ׳ טפח an aperture a hand-breadth wide. Oholoth 3, 6 בפ׳ ט׳ the aperture required in the case is a hand-breadth wide. the same place (ibid.) 7 יש בו פ׳ ט׳ ויש ביציאתו פ׳ ט׳ if it (the gutter) is a hand-breadth wide, and its outer end is of the same size etc. the same place (ibid.) 13, 2 שעורה בפ׳ ט׳ the standard measure is the width of etc.; and frequently—Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 10, 2, and frequently פּוֹתִי טפח (frequently פָּתָה) width↗ original
פּוֹתַחַת (פָּתַת) lock. Bava Bathra 6, 5 זה עושה לו פ׳ וכ׳ this one (the owner of the well) has the right to put on a lock, and so that one (the owner of the house) has. Kelim 13, 6, see חָף; and frequently—plural פּוֹתְחוֹת. Tamid 3, 7. Mechilta Beshallach section 1 ועינים היו להם לפ׳ and they (the rocky forms) had eyes in place of locks (?). plural פּוֹתְהוֹתhinges, socket and pivot. Bamidbar Rabbah section 12 (explained פתות, I Kings 7, 50) אלו פ׳ it means the hinges (sockets and pivots); Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 10 חפיפות read: חפי פ׳, see חָף; Pesikta Rabbati section 6 הבלוטין שבפ׳ the pegs (pivots) of the hinges. ↗ original
פּוֹתִי (פָּתָה) width. פ׳ טפח, see פּוֹתֵחַ. Tanchuma Bo 14 [read] ופוֹתְיָהּ של רצועה the width of the strap. ↗ original
פּוּתְיָאwidth. Targum Exodus 26, 8; and frequently—Yevamoth 63ᵃ לפ׳ Rashi (edition לפוּתְיָהּ) widthwise (of the field); and elsewhere enlargement, delivery. Targum Psalms 118, 5 manuscript (edition Vilna edition פַּתְיָא; edition Lagarde edition פְּתָאוָא). שור פ׳ the wide, open road, proper conduct. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 7, 31ᶜ ולא תיצבי בשור פ׳ and not choose the open road (behave with propriety). ↗ original
פּוּתְנַק (see Löw, Low, Aramaische Pflanzennamen, Leipzig 1881, p. 315) pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium). Shabbath 109ᵇ (explained יועזר, the same place (ibid.) 14, 3) פות׳ (Munich manuscript פוּטְנַק, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פּוּטְנַג, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note), see יוֹעֶזֶר. ↗ original
פּוּתְתָא = פִּיתָּא, a piece of bread. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, 41ᵃ bottom of the page, see פִּיתָּא. ↗ original
פָּז [glistening,] fine gold; name of a jewel. Yoma 44ᵇ and the following (explained מוּפָז, I Kings 10, 18) שדומה לַפָּז because it resembles the paz. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 119, 127 לפי שאינו עומד … והפז ליום הדין because money and gold and fine gold cannot stand up (as defense) on the day of judgment. Gittin 58ᵃ, see גָּנָה. Shemoth Rabbah section 8; Tanchuma Vaëra 8 כתם פז fine gold; and elsewhere ↗ original
פָּזַז (Biblical Hebrew) [to move to and fro,] to be bright, glisten, see פָּז. (of sound) to jingle, rustle. Bamidbar Rabbah section 4 קולו פוֹזֵז, see סָנַן. to be rash. Shabbath 55ᵇ פַּזְתָּה (frequently פּוּז), see זוּל Hebrew Hof. הֻפְעַל הוּפָז , participle מוּפָזmade of fine gold; glistening. Yoma 44ᵇ and the following, see פָּז. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, 41ᵈ top; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 10; Bamidbar Rabbah section 12, see יָצַת. Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּיוֵּזto dance, sport, see אָפֵז. (of sound) to jingle, rustle. Bamidbar Rabbah section 4 (referring to 2 Samuel 6, 16) מהו מְפַזֵּז וכ׳ what does m’fazzez mean?, see סָנַן. ↗ original
פַּזִּיPazzi, (Pazia). Yerushalmi (prefix) Horayoth 3, end, 48ᶜ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 12, 13ᶜ bottom of the page אילין דבר פ׳ members of the family of Bar Pazzi; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 9, end, 24ᶜ דבי פ׳.—Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Parah, p. 33ᵃ חנין בר פ׳; Tanchuma Chukkath 5 חנין בן פ׳; Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 759 חנן בר פפי (correct accordingly); Pesikta Rabbati section 14 יוחנן בן פ׳; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 658 שמעון בן פ׳. Pesikta Rabbati section 15 חנן בן פ׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 4, 75ᵃ bottom of the page חנניה בן פ׳; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּזִיזָא (see פָּזַז 3) rash, overhasty, impetuous. Kethuboth 112ᵃ עמא פ׳ דקדמיתו פומייכו וכ׳ rash people that you were when you permitted your mouths to anticipate your ears (promised to obey before you heard, Exodus 24, 7), you still persist in your impetuousness (risk your lives for your religion); Shabbath 88ᵃ (Oxford manuscript פחיזא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 400); Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 277.—[ (see פְּזוֹזָא) gilded, or glazed.—plural פְּזִיזֵי. Yoma 78ᵇ מאני פ׳ וכ׳ Munich manuscript 1 gilded or glazed earthen vessels, see גְּזַז.] ↗ original
פְּזִיזוּתָא (the preceding) rashness, impetuousness. Kethuboth 112ᵃ בפְזִיזוּתַיְיכוּ, see the preceding; Shabbath 88ᵃ בפחזיתייכו (Munich manuscript בפזיזייכו, correct accordingly); Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 277 בפחזותייכו. ↗ original
פָּזִיחַpaziaḥ, a substitute for nazir (see כִּינּוּי). Nazir 1, 1; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 51ᵃ פָּזִיק. ↗ original
פִּזְמָא common gender (the preceding) leaping, haste. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Haḥod. p. 101ᵇ (referring to Psalms 18, 20) ‘he released me, because he had delight in me’, פ׳ דידיה היא סליקת ביה למיתן לי אוריתא (not הוא) it was his haste (anxiety) that rose in him, to give me the Law (compare Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 8, quoted under the word עִיבּוּר); Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 272 פ׳ דידי סלקת וכ׳ (correct accordingly); Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 161. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 22, 9 פ׳ דידיה סליק (not דידי; edition Buber edition פאמא דיליה סליק, correct accordingly) his anxiety (to save me) arose; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 686 פ׳ דידי סליקי (correct accordingly). ↗ original
פזמריקון , Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 18, 41; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 162 פוזמיקון, פוזמיקין; Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 163 פיזמיקון, read as Bereshith Rabbah section 98 פטיריקון, see פַּטְרִיקוֹן.—[The corruption may have risen from a fusion of φυσικόν and its synonym πατρικόν.] ↗ original
פָּזַרto scatter, disperse. participle passive פָּזוּר; feminine פְּזוּרָה; plural פְּזוּרִים, פְּזוּרִין; פְּזוּרוֹת. Bamidbar Rabbah section 7, end וכשהן פ׳ שכינה עמהם and when they (the Israelites) are scattered, the Divine Presence is with them; and elsewhere—Shemoth Rabbah section 15 היו פוזרין, read: חוזרין, see Tanchuma Ḥayé 3.] Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּיזֵּרsame. Tosefta Berachoth 7 (6), 24 בשעת … פַּזֵּר ובשעת המְפַזְּרִין וכ׳, see כָּנַס. Bava Bathra 10ᵇ יְפַזֵּר מעותיו לעניים let him scatter his money (give liberally) among the poor. Pesachim 87ᵇ (referring to צדקת פרזונו, Judges 5, 11) צדקה … שפִּזְּרָן וכ׳ (or שפְּזָרָןKal) the Lord has done kindness to Israel in scattering it among the nations. Bava Bathra 10ᵃ רוח מְפַזַּרְתָּן the wind disperses them (the clouds). Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 25 אם מְפַזֵּר הוא דברים whether he would scatter abroad (divulge) the affairs, see קוּסְדַּרְיוֹת; and elsewhere—participle passive מְפוּזָּר; feminine מְפוּזֶּרֶת; plural מְפוּזָּרִים, מְפוּזָּרִין; מְפוּזָּרוֹת. Nega'im 4, 3 במפ׳ when the hairs on the leprous spot are wide apart, opposite מכונס, see כָּנַס. Megillah 13ᵇ מפ׳ הן בין העמים they are scattered among the nations (of the kingdom), see פָּרַד. T’bul Yom 2, 3 אם היה מפ׳ וכ׳ if the garlic was scattered in the mortar; and frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְזָר,Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְפַּזֵּר, , Nithpa'el נִתְפַּזֵּר to be scattered, dispersed. Tosefta Sotah 2, 3 מנחתה נִפְזֶרֶת אבית וכ׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading מִתְפַּזֶּרֶת בבית) her meal-offering is strewn on the ashes; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 18ᵈ; Sifré Numbers 17. Shabbath 16ᵇ ונִתְפַּזְּרוּ וכ׳ and the clouds were dispersed and then gathered again. Bereshith Rabbah section 36; and frequently ↗ original
פז"ר , a mnemonical acrostic for פׄייס, זמן, רׄגל, קׄרבן, שׄיר, בׄרכה. Yoma 3ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original
פִּזְרָא (פזר) a whip or stick with which to drive off intruders. Bava Kamma 28ᵃ לנקוט פ׳ וליתיב (Manuscript Hamburg פזירא) let him take up a whip and sit (guarding); Bava Bathra 99ᵇ ↗ original
פַּח 1 see פָּחַח) hole, trap, snare. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 91, 3 (explained פח יקוש) מצודתא דציידא the hunter’s snare; Tanchuma Naso 23. ↗ original
פַּח 2coal.—plural פַּחִים. Bereshith Rabbah section 51 (explained פחים, Psalms 11, 6) גימרין ומצדין coals and snares (see the preceding); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 85. ↗ original
פָּחָא Targum Psalms 119, 110 (manuscript פו׳). the same place (ibid.) 141, 9 (edition Vilna edition פַּ׳). Targum Proverbs 6, 5 פו׳; and elsewhere—Arachin 19ᵃ (proverb) סבא בביתא פָּאחָא בביתא וכ׳ (variant reading in Rashi פְּחָחָא) an old man in the house is a snare (an obstacle) in the house, an old woman in the house is a treasure in the house.—plural פָּחִין, פָּחֵי, פּוֹ׳. Targum Job 22, 10 (edition Vilna edition פּוּ׳). Targum Psalms 124, 7 (edition Vilna edition פַּ׳); and elsewhere ↗ original
פַּחָא , plural פַּחִין (פוח or נפח) [puffing at,] despising (compare Psalms 10, 5); בר פ׳a contemptible person, scamp. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᶜ. the same place (ibid.) 9, 13ᵈ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 11, 30ᶜ top; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 5. Koheleth Rabbah to 11, 9. the same place (ibid.) to 2, 20; Vayikra Rabbah section 25 ברת פ׳ a worthless woman. ↗ original
פָּחַד (Biblical Hebrew) [to breathe, pant,] to fear; to be anxious. Esther Rabbah to 5, 1 למה תִפְחְדִי why art thou afraid? Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 14 שלא פָחֲדוּ מן וכ׳ that they were not afraid of the Lord; and elsewhere Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְחָדto be frightened, excited. Esther Rabbah to 4, 15 היתה אסתר נִפְחֶדֶת מאוד וכ׳ Esther was greatly excited on account of the evil etc. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 8 מתיראין ומזדעזעין ונִפְחָדִין afraid, trembling, and excited; and elsewhere Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְחִידto frighten. Bamidbar Rabbah section 16 כשמבקשין להַפְחִידוֹ when they want to frighten the child, see רְצוּעָה; and elsewhere Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּיחֵדsame. participle passive מְפוּחָד; plural מְפוּחָדִים. Sifra B’har, Parah 3, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 4 (referring to Leviticus 25, 19) לא מפוזרים ולא מפ׳ neither scattered, nor frightened. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְפַּחֵד,Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְפַּחֵדto be afraid; to be joyously excited; to await with anxiety. Pesikta Rabbati section 15 ולא היו מתיראים ולא מִתְפַּחֲדִים and they were neither afraid, nor excited; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 795. Devarim Rabbah section 1, end מתייראין ומִתְפַּחֲדִין מכם trembled and were afraid of you. Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 9 שיהא לבו של־אדם מִתְפַּחֵד וכ׳ that a man’s heart should be afraid (of an evil occurrence) every day. Bereshith Rabbah section 48 זה מִתְפַּחֵד לומר איזו פרוקופי וכ׳ the one is excited thinking what the distinction will be which the king is to confer upon me; וזה מתפ׳ ואומר איזה דין וכ׳ and the other is excited thinking what the judgment will be etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 304. Tanchuma Lekh 15 אתם מתפחדין על הטוב וכ׳ you will be excited with joy over the good which is reserved for you (referring to ופחדו, Hosea 3, 5). Shir HaShirim Rabbah the passage cited; and frequently ↗ original
פְּחַד participle passive פָּחִיד. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 28, 66 (edition Berlin edition a. other תוה). Pa'el פִּעֵל פַּחֵידsame. Berachoth 60ᵃ חזייה דקא מְפַחֵיד (Manuscript Florence פָּחִיד) he saw that he was in fear; the same place (ibid.) מ"ט קא מְפַחְדַּת Munich manuscript (different interpretation or differently interpreted in edition) why art thou afraid?; Yalkut Shimoni Job 897; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah the passage cited מְפַחַד (participle passive). Pesachim 111ᵇ, and the following מפחיד will be in fear (without knowing why); and elsewhere ↗ original
פַּחַדthe preceding) fear. Esther Rabbah to 4, 6 פ׳ ורעד fear and trembling. Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 181 נפל פַּחְדָּם עליהם the dread of them fell upon them. Gittin 70ᵃ שלשה דברים … פ׳ דרך ועון three things break a man’s energies, they are, fear, travel, and sin. Bava Bathra 10ᵃ גוף קשה פ׳ שוברו a body is strong, fear breaks it; פ׳ קשה יין מפיגו fear is strong, wine drives it out; and elsewhere ↗ original
פַּחַד ² Targum Esther 8, 17; and frequently—[Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 14, 50 דפחד edition Amsterdam edition, see פְּחַר.]—Sotah 20ᵇ, see בִּיעֲתוּתָא. Sanhedrin 95ᵇ bottom of the page ההוא גברא בההוא פ׳ נמי יתיב this man, too, lives in that fear, i.e. that is the very thing that troubles me. Bava Metzia 66ᵇ דילמא לפכוחי פַחְדֵּיה קא שתי perhaps he drinks to break his fear (to get courage)?; Taanith 13ᵇ פחודיה some edition (correct accordingly).—[5. פַּחְדִּין.] ↗ original
פַּחְדָּה feminine (Biblical Hebrew) same. Koheleth Rabbah to 3, 11 (referring to העלם the same place (ibid.) ‘the unknown’) פַּחְדָּתוֹ של מלאך וכ׳ the fear of the angel of death has he (the Lord) put into their hearts; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 9, 1 (edition Buber edition פסידתו; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 642 פסידתו, correct accordingly). ↗ original
פַּחְדִּין (פחד, compare פַּחְלִין) [blown up, balls] testicles. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 21, 20 (edition Berlin edition פַּחְתִין); Yerushalmi (prefix) דפַחְדּוֹי. Targum Job 40, 17 (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word ותן edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) פחדוהי, some edition פחתוהי). ↗ original
פֶּחָה (Biblical Hebrew; = בעל פ׳, see Delitzsch, Friedrich Assyr. Handw. p. 519; פחהto be large, grandee, high officer, governor. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 4, 62ᶜ (R. Ḥiya addressing Rab) בן פי׳ אחריהם son of nobility, follow them (the example of thy kindred)!—plural פַּחוֹת. Bikkurim 3, 3 הפ׳ הסגנים וכ׳ the grandees, the chiefs, and the treasurers (of the Temple) went out to meet them. Bamidbar Rabbah section 14; and elsewhere ↗ original
פָּחוֹרָהPaḥorah (Potter). Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 9, 24ᵃ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 5, end, 56ᵈ אלעזר בן פ׳. ↗ original
פְּחוֹרְתָּאP’ḥorta (Pottery), a suburb of Tiberias. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 5, 22ᵇ bottom of the page ↗ original
פָּחוּת (פָּחַת) [diminished,] a small quantity. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 1, 21ᵈ bottom of the page פְּחוּת מאכל (not מאוכל) a small quantity of food (corresp. to the same place (ibid.) 1, 2 מעוטו). (adjective a. adverb) lesser, less. Menachoth 11, 9 אין פ׳ משנים no less than two days (after being baked); the same place (ibid.) אין פ׳ מתשעה ולא יתר וכ׳ no less than nine days, nor more than eleven; Pesachim 47ᵃ לא פ׳ ולא יותר no less (than nine), nor more (than eleven). Megillah 21ᵇ אין משיירין בפרשה פ׳ וכ׳ in distributing the readings of a Scriptural portion we must leave for the last reader no less than three verses; and very frequently—Fem. פְּחוּתָה. Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 11, 1 ערבה שהיא פ׳ וכ׳ a kneading trough which contains less than etc.; and frequently—plural פְּחוּתוֹת. Kethuboth 1, 2 פ׳ מבנות שלש וכ׳ when they were less than three years and one day old; and frequently inferior. Tanchuma T’rum. 7 נחשת כנגד … שהיא פ׳ מכולם ‘copper’ (Exodus 25, 3) corresponding to the Greek (Syrian) empire, which was the meanest of all of them; and frequently ↗ original
פח"זpaḥaz, a mnemonical word, for פׄריעת הראש, חׄורת קרע לאחורין, and זׄקיפת המטה. Moed Katan 24ᵃ, see Bereshith Rabbah section 100. ↗ original
פָּחַז (Biblical Hebrew) [to be blown up,] to swell, rise; to be haughty, elated, heedless. Nedarim 9ᵇ פ׳ עלי יצרי my evil inclination rose within me (in pride of my beauty); Sifré Numbers 22 פ׳ לבי עלי. Tanchuma Vayḥi 9; Bereshith Rabbah section 98; section 99 (referring to פּ֗חׄוׄ, Genesis 49, 4) פָּ֗חַזְתָּ חׄטאת זׄנית thou wast overweening, didst sin, didst fornicate. ↗ original
פָּחָז (the preceding; compare אָרְכֵיסְטֵיס as explained of רֵיק; see Judges 9, 4) heedless person, dancer, jumper.—plural פָּחָזִים, פָּחוֹזִ׳. Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 157 (referring to פחז, Genesis 49, 4) נדמתה לפ׳ המקפיצים thou becamest like the dancers that jump; Bereshith Rabbah section 98 [read:] נעשית כפ׳ שנשתברו שוקיהן׃ כמים רבנן וכ׳ thou becamest like acrobats whose legs are broken (by falling); [כמים belonging to the succeeding sentence as text word]. ↗ original
פַּחַזthe preceding words) recklessness, overweening. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Ekha, p. 121ᵇ אחד ראה אותה בשלותה ואחד ראה אותה בפַחְזָהּ וכ׳ one saw her in her happiness, one in her recklessness (sin), and one in her disgrace. the same place (ibid.) ישעיה ראה אותן בפַחְזָן Isaiah saw them (Israel) in their wantonness (referring to Isaiah 1, 21). Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 5, 55ᵇ bottom of the page (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.), see כּוֹשֶׁר. ↗ original
פָּחַחto have holes in one’s garments; to be clad in rags, be exposed. participle פּוֹחֵחַ. Megillah 4, 6 (24ᵃ); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4 (3), 27 פ׳ פורס וכ׳ one whose limbs are exposed may recite the Sh’mʿa (see פָּרַס) etc. Megillah 24ᵇ קטן פ׳ a minor who is poorly dressed. Treatise Sof’rim 14, 15 פ׳ הנראים כרעיו וכ׳ a poḥeaḥ is he whose knees are exposed, whose garments are torn, or whose head is uncovered. ↗ original
פְּחָח = Hebrew פּוֹחֵחַ (see the preceding). Targum Isaiah 20, 2, and the following (edition Vilna edition, פָּחֵיחַ, פְּחִיחַ; Hebrew text ערום).—plural פְּחָחִין. the same place (ibid.) 4 (edition Vilna edition פְּחִיחִין). ↗ original
פְּחִי (פחה, compare פּוּחַ) blowing out, expiration; פ׳ נפש (compare מַפָּח) despair, disappointment. Shabbath 127ᵇ הלך לביתו בפ׳ נ׳ went home in despair. Rosh Hashanah 2, 6 כדי שלא יצאו בפ׳ נ׳ that they (the witnesses) might not leave in disappointment (and be discouraged from coming again); and frequently—[Levy Talmud Dictionary reads פַּחֵי, as construct state plural of פַּח 3.] ↗ original
פְּחֵי (compare פהי, פעי) to open the mouth, see next word—[Targum Proverbs 18, 2 פחי edition Vilna edition, see פְּהֵי. the same place (ibid.) 8, 11 some edition, see פָּחֵים.]—[Nedarim 51ᵃ פחייה כופרא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), read חַפְיֵיה he covered it with pitch.]—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 2, 20ᵇ top אפחין במילין, read: אפרחון, see פְּרַח.] ↗ original
פָּחֵים (פחם to paint, Syriac (Peshitta) to compare, compare גַּוָּן a. כְּגוֹן) equal. Targum Proverbs 3, 15. the same place (ibid.) 8, 11 (manuscript פָּאחֵים, some edition incorr. פחי). ↗ original
פְּחִימָא (the preceding) something equal, appropriate answer. Targum 2 Esther 3, 3 (edition Amsterdam edition פְּחִימָי). ↗ original
פְּחִית = Hebrew פָּחוּת, less. Sanhedrin 97ᵇ; Sukkah 45ᵇ לא פ׳ עלמא וכ׳ (edition פחות) the world has never less than thirty-six righteous men worthy to face the Shekhinah, in every generation. defective, broken. Echah Rabbah to 3, 16 after having eaten all his food נסיב חד פת פ׳ וכ׳ he took a broken loaf and put ashes on it. the same place (ibid.) to 1, 1 (רבתי) הדא מנהון פ׳ וסמיכא וכ׳ one of them (beds) was broken and leaning against another bed; and elsewhere mean, wretched. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 5 [read:] ואת בעי … להדא פ׳ and thou wouldst forsake thy God and bow to his wretched (idol)? ↗ original
פְּחִיתָה (פָּחַת) carving, digging out. Betzah 32ᵃ פְּחִיתַת נר וכ׳ the mere carving out of a lump of clay for the purpose of using it as a candlestick makes it a vessel. ↗ original
פְּחָלP’ḥal (Pella). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 6, 36ᶜ bottom of the page, see חַמְּתָא. ↗ original
פַּחְלִין (פחל, compare פַּחְדִּין a. Syriac (Peshitta) פחלא testiculus, Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 3081) ball, bale; פ׳ של גמליםa bale, made of a net of ropes with wide meshes, containing the freight of camels. Kelim 24, 9 פוחלץ (correct accordingly). Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 6, 6 הסל והפ׳ של ג׳ … שעשאן וכ׳ a basket or a bale … the meshes of which had originally been made narrow enough to hold pomegranates. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 3, 34ᵈ (Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) אייתון פ׳ דגמלין ומלון וכ׳ they brought bales and stuffed them with straw; Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 3, beginning 37ᵈ bottom of the page פחלץ (correct accordingly).—Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 762 פולחן (probably to be read: פוחלין). ↗ original
פָּחַם (denominative of פֶּחָם) to be black, see below. Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּיחֵםto blacken. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 5, beginning 55ᵈ; Tosefta Maʿǎser Sheni 5, 13 בית ע"ז מְפַחֲמִין אותו בפיחמין the site of an idolatrous temple is marked by blackening it (its debris) with coal. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 6, 33ᵃ bottom of the page [read:] מה … ומפציע ומְפַחֵם כך אני יורד בו as a kettle (thrown at a person) scalds and wounds and blackens, so will I come down at him; and elsewhere—participle passive מְפוּחָם; feminine מְפוּחֶמֶת; plural מְפוּחָמִים, מְפוּחָמִין; מְפוּחָמוֹת. Bereshith Rabbah section 36, see כָּעַר; Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, end, 64ᵈ חם יצא מפ׳ Ham came out (of the ark) black. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 2, 17ᵈ bottom of the page לא במפ׳ not in a sooty vessel. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 6 ידיה מפ׳ her hands were blackened. the same place (ibid.) את שכולך מפ׳ thou (negress) who art black all over; and elsewhere Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְחָם,Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְפַּחֵם, , Nithpa'elנִתְפַּחֵם to be blackened. Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 764; Yalkut Shimoni Song of Songs 982 נפ׳ בשמש became black through exposure to the sun, see כִּרְכֵּם. Bereshith Rabbah section 18 נִתְפַּחֲמוּ פני הנשים מפני השמש the faces of the (Jewish) women had become black etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 19, beginning ככלי פשתן … מִתְפַּחֲמִין קימעא וכ׳ (a scholar’s reputation is) like the fine linen clothes from Bethshan, if they are in the least stained, they are ruined; Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 18 אם נִתְפַּחֲמוּ וכ׳. the same place (ibid.) אם פָּחֲמוּ (Kal). Devarim Rabbah section 1 ונתפחמו ידיה and her hands were soiled with soot; אם מקנחת … מתפחם if she wipes her hands on the wall, the wall will be soiled; and frequently ↗ original
פֶּחָםthat which is used for kindling, charcoal. Shabbath 2, 5 מפני שהוא עושה פ׳ because (by extinguishing the light) he makes kindling material, i.e. prepares the wick for easier lighting (see הִבְהֵב). the same place (ibid.) 31ᵇ. Koheleth Rabbah to 9, 8 נפח לפֶחָמוֹ the smith (the charcoal-burner) turns to his coal. the same place (ibid.) to 7, 1; Yalkut Shimoni Joshua 35, see פּוּצָם; and frequently—plural פֶּחָמִין, פֶּי׳. Tosefta Maʿǎser Sheni 5, 13; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, beginning 55ᵈ, see פָּחַם. Tosefta Betzah 3, 14 אין עושין פ׳ וכ׳ you must not make charcoal (prepare kindling material) even for immediate use (on the Holy Day). Mikvaoth 9, 2 לא יטבול … בפ׳ וכ׳ one must not immerse a kettle with remnants of coal in it (which had been put there to be extinguished in water), unless one washes it again, Maimonides; [other opinion: with the soot on it, but he must scrape it off]. Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 8 לכו … האיש ועל אותה החמת … מלאה פ׳ go ye and pray for this man (me), and for this bag formerly filled with precious stones and pearls, and now with pieces of coal; and elsewhere ↗ original
פֶּחָמִי (the preceding) charcoal-burner, also smith. Berachoth 28ᵃ, see נָכַר; (Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, 7ᵈ top עביד מחטין making needles). ↗ original
פָּחַס (compare פָּחַת) [to drive into,] to batter, beat out of shape. Avodah Zarah 4, 5 פְּחָסָהּ אע"פ שלא חיסרה if he smashed the face of the idol, although he did not lessen its substance. the same place (ibid.) 42ᵃ. Vayikra Rabbah section 7, beginning שהיה אהרן נוטל קורנס ופוֹחֲסוֹ בפניהם (not קרבנם) Aaron took a hammer and smashed it (the golden calf) in their presence; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 479 שהיה הקכ"ה … ופיתחו (correct accordingly); Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 946 הקב"ה … את הפנקס ופותחו (correct accordingly, or ופיֹחֲתוֹ); and elsewhere (of liquids) to dash into, to cause commotion, stir up. Avodah Zarah 72ᵇ פְּחָסַתּוֹ צלוחיתו his bowl, which was filled to the brim through a syphon, pressed the wine back into the tube and thus stirred the whole mass up; the same place (ibid.) 56ᵇ (I may also say) פחסתו בורו the vat into which the net (גַּרְגּוּתְנִי) was thrown set the wine in commotion.—Chaldaic (Aramaic) see פְּחַשׁ. ↗ original
פְּחַר (פחר to hollow out, scrape) = חֲסַף 2, clay; מאן דפ׳, מן פ׳ an earthen vessel. Targum I Chronicles 14, 11. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 12, 22 (not דא …). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 14, 50 (not דפַחַד); and frequently a fragment of a clay vessel, potsherd. Targum Job 2, 8. Targum Psalms 22, 16; and elsewhere ↗ original
פַּחָרָא (the preceding) potter. Targum Isaiah 29, 16. the same place (ibid.) 30, 14 (not פַּחֲרָא); and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּחַשׁ = Hebrew פָּחַס. participle passive פְּחִישׁflat-nosed. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 21, 18 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition לקי בחוטמיה; Hebrew text חָרֻם).—Bereshith Rabbah section 53 אין … אנא פָחישׁ ליה if I put my finger on him, I smash him; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 810 פחי׳ אנא יתיה. ↗ original
פָּחַתto hollow out, dig. Betzah 4, 4 (32ᵃ) אין פּוֹחֲתִין את הנר (Mishnah פיתחין, correct accordingly) you must not hollow out a lump of clay to make it a candlestick (on the Holy Day). the same place (ibid.) 3 פּיֹחֵת לכתחלה he may start to dig out (take out closely packed fruit), see below. Mikvaoth 4, 5 פְּחָתוּהָ they hollowed it out (widened the aperture in the rock through which the water came forth); Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 1, end, 3ᵇ (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 15ᵃ הרחיבוה). Mikvaoth the passage cited עד שיִפְחוֹת רובה (edition Dehr. a. Mishnah edition עד שיִפְחֲתוּ) until the larger portion of the aperture is chiselled out; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth the passage cited שיפחות את רובה; Babylonian the same place (ibid.) the passage cited שתִּיפָּחֵת ברובה; and elsewhere to diminish, lessen, decrease, opposite הוסיף. Mechilta Yithro, Baḥod., section 2 שלא תִפְחוֹת ולא תוסיף from which you must not diminish, and to which you must not additamenta Shabbath 21ᵇ פּוֹחֵת והולך one kindles one light less every night. Megillah 4, 1, and the following אין פּוֹחֲתִין וכ׳ we call up no less (than the number named) nor more. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 4, 6ᵃ bottom of the page חמרתה (ה) פּוֹחֶתֶת אינה פוחתת וכ׳ a sheass, if short (whose period of pregnance is the shortest possible) gives birth not earlier than a lunar year from conception, if long, not later than a solar year; Yerushalmi (prefix) Niddah 1, 49ᵇ top of the page Pesachim 10, 1 ולא יִפְחֲתוּ לו מארבע וכ׳ and they must give him (the poor man) no less than four cupfuls of wine. Bava Kamma 85ᵇ שבת הפּוֹחֲתַתּוֹ בדמים (not הפח׳) if the idleness enforced by being wounded has also the effect of lessening his value (if he were to be sold as a slave). Shekalim 5, 4 אם פָּחֲתוּ פחתו לו Yerushalmi (prefix) edition (different interpretation or differently interpreted in Mishn. edition) if money is missing, the loss is his. Tanchuma R’eh 10 פ׳ הוא עשרה ופָחֲתָה היא וכ׳ he gave ten measures less as tithe, and it (the field) yielded one hundred less; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 892; and very frequently—[Tanchuma the passage cited מי פחת, see next word]—5. פָּחוּת. Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּיחֵתsame, to diminish, lessen. Terumoth 4, 4 פי׳ עשרה וכ׳ (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition פחת) if he set aside as T’rumah ten fractions less (than 1/50, i.e. 1/60), or ten fractions more (i.e. 1/40), Maimonides; [Rabbenu Shimshon if he reduced the divisor by ten (i.e. set aside 1/40), or increased the divisor by ten (i.e. set aside 1/60); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 42ᵈ bottom of the page הפּוֹחֵת אחד מעשרה. to be diminished, lose. Vayikra Rabbah section 2 כלום פי׳ כבודי וכ׳ has my glory or my majesty lost anything etc.? Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְחַתto be hollowed out, broken through. Yevamoth 15ᵃ שתִּיפָּחֵת, see above. Chullin 45ᵃ נִפְחֲתָה כדלת if a piece of the windpipe is broken through in the shape of a door (split on three sides and attached by the fourth side). Betzah 4, 3 בית … ונ׳ a room which was packed with fruits and closed up (with bricks), and which was burst open (the bricks giving way to the pressure), see above. to be reduced in size, numbers etc.; to be lowered. Sukkah 18ᵃ בית שנ׳ a building which has been reduced (the walls of which have given way partly). Sotah 5ᵃ bottom of the page כל אדם … לבסוף נ׳ every man in whom there is haughtiness, will finally be lowered; and elsewhere Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְחִיתto lessen, wear out, damage. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 2, 8ᵈ top כלי נחשׁת … מפני שמַפְחִיתָן if one found copper vessels (keeping them until the owner be found), he may use them for hot water, but not over fire, because he wears them out; (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 30ᵃ שמשחיקן); and elsewhere (denominative of פָּחוּת) to become less, be damaged. Sukkah 18ᵇ ה׳ דופן אמצעי if the middle wall (of a Succah) became reduced (fell in, see above); and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּחַתto diminish. Pesachim 114ᵃ פְּחוֹת ממיכלך וכ׳ diminish from (spend less for) thy eating and drinking, and add to thy dwelling.—participle passive פָּחִית. Targum Psalms 19, 3 (variant reading edition Lagarde edition a. edition פתית).—5. פְּחִית. to become defective, be broken. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 1, 22ᵃ פ׳ פתורא קומוי (probably to be read: איפחת) the table before him broke down. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִיתְפְּחַת, אִיפְּחַת, , אִיפְּחִיתto become defective, be broken, damaged. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 1, 80ᵇ bottom of the page, see אֲיָירָא. Kethuboth 62ᵃ איפ׳ בי בנא וכ׳ the floor of the bath-house under him gave way. the same place (ibid.) אִיפַּחֲתָא דרגא וכ׳ the ladder under him broke down; and elsewhere to grow less. Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 892 אי׳ ליה שנה מן שנה שנה עליו עידנא (not לה) his crop grew less from year to year; time changed for him (nature changed on his account); Tanchuma R’eh 10 מי פחת וכ׳ (correct accordingly). ↗ original
פַּחַת common gender (Biblical Hebrew; the preceding words) cavity, pit.—plural פְּחָתִים, פְּחָתִין. Sotah 21ᵃ מתיירא מן הקוצין ומן הפ׳ וכ׳ is afraid of the thorns, the pits and the thistles (on the road); and elsewhere defective spot, breach. Betzah 4, 3 נוטל ממקום הפ׳ he may take out the fruits where they burst through the partition. broken vessel, fragment.—plural as ab. Tosefta Kelim Bava Kamma 7, 15 שולי הפ׳ the sides of fragments of vessels (see מַחַץ). diminution, depreciation, loss. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 4, 42ᵈ bottom of the page שאין הפ׳ והתוספת שוין for the reduction and the addition are not of like proportions, i.e. the difference between 1/40 and 1/50 is not the same as that between 1/50 and 1/60 (see פָּחַתPi'el). Bava Kamma 10ᵇ לפ׳ נבלה for the eventual depreciation of the carcass during the time intervening between the accident and the decision of the court. the same place (ibid.) פ׳ נבלה תנאי היא there is a difference of opinion among Tannaim as regards the liability for the depreciation of the carcass. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 2ᵇ bottom of the page ישלם פַּחֲתָהּ he must indemnify the owner for its depreciation, i.e. he must pay the difference between the value of the living and that of the dead animal. Esther Rabbah to 3, 8 שהן מכניסין פ׳ בממונו של עולם they (through their idleness) cause a diminution of the wealth of the world; and elsewhere ↗ original
פַּחַת ²cavity, pit. Targum Jeremiah 18, 20; 22 (edition Lagarde edition a. other פְּחֵית).—plural פַּחֲתִין. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 14, 37 edition Berlin edition (other edition פַּחֲתָן; Hebrew text שקערורת). depreciation, decrease, loss. Bava Metzia 70ᵃ שקיל אגרא ושקיל פ׳ he charged a compensation for the use of the vessel, and an indemnity for the loss (by wear and tear). the same place (ibid.) אי אגרא לא פ׳ ואי פ׳ לא אגרא if you take payment for the use of the vessel, you must not charge for wear and tear etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 9, end, 41ᶜ תהא פַּחֲתָה בה let a decrease come over it (may his wealth be reduced). Koheleth Rabbah to 11, 9 איזיל לפ׳ go to ruin! (in a transferred sense) degraded person. Bereshith Rabbah section 36 (referring to Genesis 9, 18 אבי כנען) אבוי דפ׳ the father of the degraded. Bereshith Rabbah section 99 (referring to Genesis 49, 5) אחים דפ׳ וכ׳ ‘brothers’ of the degraded (Dinah, with referring to Genesis 34, 25) …, but no brothers to Joseph. ↗ original
פַּחֲתֵי (see פֶּחָה) noblemen. Shabbath 3ᵇ; Berachoth 13ᵇ, and frequently בר פ׳ (R. Ḥiya addressing Rab) son of great ancestors (variant reading in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פַּאֲתֵי; Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 4, 62ᶜ בן פֶּיחָה). ↗ original
פִּטְדָה (Biblical Hebrew) piṭdah, name of a jewel in the high priest’s breast-plate. Shemoth Rabbah section 38, end. Bamidbar Rabbah section 2. ↗ original
פְּטוֹטְרוֹת (= פטרטר׳; see פָּטַר) stems of figs. Avodah Zarah 1, 5 (13ᵇ) בנות שוח ופְטוֹטְרוֹתֵיהֶן (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition בפ׳; Babylonian edition ופטוטרות, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 300) white figs on their stems; the same place (ibid.) 14ᵃ ↗ original
פְּטוֹר (פָּטַר) discharge, exemption, opposite חִיּוּב. Shabbath 2ᵇ, see חִיּוּב. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 2, beginning 16ᵈ ומה דמר … בפ׳ פיאה and what R. Johanan said was meant in reference to being exempt from Peah. Yerushalmi (prefix) Challah 3, 59ᵃ, see חִיּוּב. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 4 בין פ׳ לחיוב between exemption and conviction; and frequently ↗ original
פְּטוֹרָא —plural פְּטוֹרֵי. Shabbath 2ᵇ; Shevuoth 5ᵃ חיובי ופ׳ the cases of conviction and those of exemption (from punishment); and elsewhere ↗ original
פַּטָּטָא (פטט a) to break; b) compare מלל, to talk; see פִּטְפֵּט) talkative, flippant. Vayikra Rabbah section 32 (play on שלמית, Leviticus 24, 11) דהוות פ׳ בשלמא שלם לך וכ׳ she was flippant (pert) in greeting men, ‘peace to thee, peace to you’; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 657 פַּטְפָּטָה. ↗ original
פַּטָּטָה , gossip.—plural פַּטָּטוֹת. Devarim Rabbah section 6 (see דַּבְּרָנִית). ↗ original
פְּטָטַרְכָא (= פטרטר, with formative כ) [the discharger,] rectum. Vayikra Rabbah section 3 ומפ׳ לברא and from the rectum it is discharged; Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 19 ומפַּטְרוֹכָא לעזקתא, see עִזְקָא 2; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 976 פִּיטַרְכָא. ↗ original
פְּטֵי , Pa'elפַּטֵּי (compare פצע, פטר) to break, burst. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 49, 22 פַּטִּית (Yerushalmi (prefix) I תברת). to relieve. Shabbath 140ᵇ דמְפַטְּיָא ליה וכ׳ when it will relieve him (from buying a new shirt) for a whole year (see Rashi ad loc. (on the passage); Oxford manuscript כי היכי דממטיא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 50). ↗ original
פַּטִּיט (see פַּטָּטָא) babbler. Arachin 16ᵇ הוא עושה מעשה פ׳ … קרבן פ׳ he (the leper) does the work of a babbler (speaks evil of men), therefore the Torah said, let him offer a babbler (a chirping bird) as a sacrifice; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 559. Bereshith Rabbah section 93 אני … שפ׳ אתה יש באחיך פ׳ וכ׳ I see, thou (Jadah) art the talker; is there among thy brothers a talker like thee?; Tanchuma Vayigg. 5 אני רואה … ואתה פ׳ I see in my cup that there are older men among thy brothers, and yet thou art the talker?—5. דַּבְּרָן. ↗ original
פטיות , Yalkut Shimoni Jonah 550 אמר פ׳, read: אוֹפְסְיָינִיּוֹת, see אמפומיות ↗ original
פטייה , Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 27ᵈ top בפ׳ של מלכים, read: באִיפַּטְיָא. ↗ original
פטים , Tosefta Kethuboth 9, 2 שטר פ׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.), see פִּיסְטִיס.—Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 944 מן הפ׳, see פִּיטּוּס. ↗ original
פַּטִּים (פְּטַם) fat, fattened, stout; (noun) fatling. Targum Judges 3, 17 (Hebrew text בריא). Targum 2 Samuel 6, 13. Targum I Samuel 28, 24; and frequently—plural פַּטִּימִין, פַּטִּימַיָּא. Targum I Kings 5, 3 עופיא פ׳ (edition Lagarde edition sing.). Targum Ezekiel 45, 15 Kimḥi (edition Lagarde edition פטימא; edition Vilna edition פִּטְמָא); and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 1, 15ᶜ bottom of the page תרנגולין פ׳ fattened chickens; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 61ᵇ פַּטִּימָן (fem.). Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 4, 74ᵈ bottom of the page מחזר פ׳ (ו)בני תורין ordered a translator (of התרים וכ׳, Leviticus 1, 14) who read ‘fatlings and young doves’ to take it back (and correct); and elsewhere—Fem.פַּטִּימָא, פַּטִּימְתָּא. Targum I Chronicles 4, 40; and elsewhere—Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 תרנגולא פ׳ (רבתי) a fattened hen; and elsewhere—plural פַּטִּימָן, פַּטִּימָתָא. Targum Onkelos Genesis 41, 2 (Yerushalmi (prefix) פְּטִ׳). the same place (ibid.) 5; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin the passage cited, see above. perfumed. Esther Rabbah to 1, 3 (in Hebr. diction) שמא לא יצאת ידי קנדלה פ׳ did you perhaps fail to provide perfumed (good) oil for the lamps?, opposite פקטים. ↗ original
פַּטִּימָא 2 (see פָּטַם) extension, length.—plural פַּטִּימָן. Targum 2 Esther 3, 8 (corresp. to חבלים, 2 Samuel 8, 2). ↗ original
פַּטִּימָא 3Paṭṭima (Fatima), name of Ishmael’s second wife. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 21, 21; see עֲדִישָׁא. ↗ original
פַּטִּיס = Hebrew פִּיטּוּס, wine jar. Echah Rabbah to 3, 16 ומחדא פ׳ וכ׳ and of each jar you drank one cup. ↗ original
פַּטִּיר (פְּטַר) [free from admixture,] pure, plain, clear. Targum Ezekiel 13, 10, and the following טין פ׳ דלא תבן (Hebrew text תפל).—Gittin 86ᵃ, see חֲרוּרֵי. unleavened; unleavened bread. Targum Exodus 29, 2. the same place (ibid.) 12, 8. the same place (ibid.) 15. Targum Leviticus 8, 26; and frequently—plural פַּטִּירִין, פַּטִּירַיָּא, פַּטִּירֵי; פַּטִּירָן, פַּטִּירָתָא. the same place (ibid.) Targum Onkelos Exodus 12, 17 manuscript (edition פטירא; Yerushalmi (prefix) פַּטִּירֵי). the same place (ibid.) 29, 2; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 4, 74ᵈ bottom of the page, see יֵרוֹקָנָא; Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 3, end, 65ᵈ ↗ original
פְּטִירָה (פָּטַר) departure, dismissal. Betzah 15ᵇ בשעת פְּטִירָתָן when he dismissed them.—Esp. departure from the world, death. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, beginning 34ᵈ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᵃ bottom of the page שלשה … בשעת פְּטִירָתוֹ וכ׳ Rabbi ordained three things when he departed this world. Devarim Rabbah section 11 (referring to Micah 7, 8) כי נפלתי מפטירתו של משה וכ׳ though I fell when Moses died, I arose again under Joshua’s administration. Avoth 6 בשעת פטירתו של אדם וכ׳ when man leaves this world, neither silver nor gold nor jewels escort him etc.; and frequently ↗ original
פַּטִּישׁ פטש to shatter, crush) hammer. Kelim 29, 7 יד בן הפ׳ the handle of a small hammer; של הפ׳ of the sledge-hammer. Maʿǎser Sheni 5, 15; Moed Katan 11ᵃ, and elsewhere עד ימיו היה פ׳ מכה בירושלם up to his day the striking of the hammer was heard in Jerusalem (during the festive week). Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 5, 14, and elsewhere נחלק הפ׳ the sledge-hammer (striking on the sapphire) was shivered to pieces. Sanhedrin 34ᵃ; Shabbath 88ᵇ, see נִיצוֹץ; and frequently—the same place (ibid.) 7, 2 המכה בפ׳ he who gives the finishing stroke with the hammer; the same place (ibid.) 75ᵇ כל מידי דאית ביה גמר מלאכה חייב משום מכה בפ׳ any act of finishing up a work comes under the category of striking with the hammer; and frequently—Transferred great character. Berachoth 28ᵇ נר ישראל … פ׳ החזק thou light of Israel, right-hand pillar, powerful hammer! ↗ original
פְּטִישׁ (פטש, see the preceding; compare כִּיתַּן a. כְּתוֹנֶת) [linen,] undergarment, breeches. Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 חזי … דלא הוה ברגלי פ׳ (חד מתלמידוי) רבתי (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פשוש) I saw in my dream that I had no breeches on my legs.—plural פְּטִישִׁין, פַּטִּי׳, פַּטְשִׁ׳. Daniel 3, 21, see אַבְרְקִין. ↗ original
פְּטַל (פטל to break, peel, compare פטט, a. פצל) a piece, a bite. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 1, 22ᵃ top לית … ציבחר פ׳ וכ׳ would you not care to eat a little bite with us to-day?; Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 3, 66ᶜ top פ׳ צבחד. ↗ original
פְּטַלְיָא (פטל, see the preceding) wickerwork, especially a sort of bale for packing dates, figs etc. Tosefta Shabbath 12 (13), 15 פ׳ של גרוגרות מקרע וכ׳ you may cut open a bale of figs (on the Sabbath) and eat; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 15, beginning 15ᵃ פטילייא. Kelim 16, 5 פְּטַלְיָה edition Dehr. (edition פּטילייה). Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 1, 52ᵈ פטולייא של תמרים a bale of dates, contradistinguished frequently חוֹתָל; and elsewhere—plural פְּטַלְיָאוֹת. Tosefta Maʿǎser Sheni 1, 10 פ׳ ודרוסות של תמרה edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (edition omit פ׳) dates packed in bales, and date pomaces. ↗ original
פָּטַם (compare פטל, a. פטש under the word פַּטִּישׁ) to crush, pound, see below., see below. to expand, make large, fatten.—participle passive פָּטוּם; feminine פְּטוּמָה; plural פְּטוּמִים, פְּטוּמִין; פְּטוּמוֹת. Kethuboth 67ᵇ תרנגולת פ׳ a fat chicken. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 61ᵇ פטומות crammed birds; Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 1, 15ᶜ bottom of the page Ylamdenu to Genesis 37 quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see סיטוסימה; and elsewhere Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּיטֵּםto pound spices; to manufacture perfumed oil; to compound incense. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 5, 55ᶜ bottom of the page תיקנוה ולא היתה מְפַטֶּמֶת וכ׳ they mended the mortar, but it did not mix the drugs as well as before; Arachin 10ᵇ. Kerithoth 1, 1 המְפַטֵּם את השמן he that manufactures perfumed oil (in the same manner as prescribed for the Temple, Exodus 30, 23 and the following); המפ׳ את הקטרת who mixes incense (as prescribed the same place (ibid.) 34 and the following). Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 4, 41ᵈ bottom of the page פּיטְּמָהּ חציים if he compounded it by taking only parts of the quantities prescribed; Kerithoth 5ᵃ מפטם לחציין, see חֵצִי. the same place (ibid.) קטרת שפִּטְּמָהּ וכ׳ incense which one compounded in reduced quantities; שמן שפִּטְּמוֹ וכ׳ oil which one manufactured etc. Sifré Deuteronomy 306 מה רביבים … ומפטמים אותם as the rains coming down on plants … perfume them; כך הוי מפטם בדברי תורה וכ׳ so pound thou the words of the Law, once and a second, and a third, and a fourth time etc.; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 942; and frequently—participle passive מְפוּטָּם; feminine מְפוּטֶּמֶת; plural מְפוּטָּמִים; מְפוּטָּמִין; מְפוּטָּמוֹת. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 8, 2 (referring to יין הרקח, the same place (ibid.)) זה התלמוד שמפ׳ במשניות כרקח that is the Talmud which is mixed with Mishnayoth like an apothecary’s preparation. to fatten, cram. Bereshith Rabbah section 86 (play on פׄוטׄיפׄרׄ) שהיה מפׄטׄם עגלים לע"ז he fattened calves (פׄרים) for idolatrous purposes. Sanhedrin 82ᵇ ראיתם בן פׄוטׄי זה שפׄיטׄם אבי אמו וכ׳ do you see that son of Puti (= Putiel) whose grandfather (Yethro) fattened calves etc.?; Bava Bathra 109ᵇ; Sotah 43ᵃ (see פּוּטִי a. פּוּטִיאֵל). Esther Rabbah to 3, 1 (referring to כיקר כרים, Psalms 37, 20) ‘like the heavy lambs’, שאין מפטמין אותן וכ׳ which are fattened not for their own benefit but for slaughter; and frequently—participle passive as ab. Pesikta Rabbati section 16 (explained בריאים, I Kings 5, 3) מפ׳ (not אפ׳) fattened, opposite מן המרעה; Yalkut Shimoni Kings 176. Ruth Rabbah to 2, 14 עגלות מפ׳ fattened calves; and frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְטָםto be fattened. Bereshith Rabbah section 32 ומה אם להסגר … להִפָּטֵם וכ׳ if to be locked up … the beasts came of their own accord, how much more will they come to fatten on the flesh of the mighty (Ezekiel 39, 4); Yalkut Shimoni Ezekiel 380. ↗ original
פְּטַםPa'elפַּטֵּם same, to pound, mix spices. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 30, 25; 35 מְפַטֵּם Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition see מְזַג; Hebrew text רקח). to fatten.—participle passive מְפַטַּם; plural מְפַטְּמִין, מְפַטְּמֵי. Targum Isaiah 30, 24 (Kimḥi פַּטִּים). Targum Proverbs 15, 17.—Pesachim 76ᵇ מפטמי מהדדי they are fattened (or flavored) with one another. to flavor one’s words (compare בְּסַם), to console, cheer up. Bava Metzia 66ᵃ פַּטּוּמֵי מילי בעלמא הוא it was merely meant to cheer up (the neighbor, not as a binding promise). ↗ original
פַּטָּם (the preceding words). masculine (the preceding words). druggist, apothecary.—plural פַּטָּמִים, פַּטָּמִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 4, 41ᵈ bottom of the page הפ׳ שבירושלם the druggists of Jerusalem. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 8, 22ᶜ top כדרך שהפ׳ עושין as the apothecaries are in the habit of doing. Bereshith Rabbah section 16; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 21, see בְּדוֹלַח; and elsewhere one who fattens animals for sale, dealer in fattened animals, opposite to רועה. Betzah 29ᵇ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 6 הולך … אצל הפ׳ וכ׳ a person may go (on the Holy Day) to a dealer whose regular customer he is, and say, give me a dove etc. Betzah 38ᵃ שור של פ׳ an ox at the dealer’s stall, contradistinguished to של רועה. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Baḥod., p. 104ᵇ אצל הפ׳ … פטומות he took her to the crammer, and filled her lap with crammed birds; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 273; and elsewhere—plural as ab. Eruvin 10, 9 (101ᵃ) שוק של פ׳ the crammers’ market. Tosefta Shevi'ith 5, 8; and elsewhere (supply (understood word) שור של) mast-ox. Shabbath 20, 4; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 17ᶜ bottom of the page, see רְעִי I. ↗ original
פַּטְנִיתָא (supposed to mean) fattened (frequently פטן = פטם); see, however, בָּטְנִיתָא. ↗ original
פִּטְפּוּט (פטט, compare פתת) [something minute, tender,] one of the clay pins forming a sort of tripod for the support of a pot, peg. Shabbath 8, 4 כדי לעשות פ׳ a quantity of clay large enough for a peg.—[Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 785 פּוּט של מנורה the peg for a candlestick see, however, quoted frequently Sifré Zuṭṭa in Rabbenu Shimshon to Kelim 11, 2.]—plural פִּטְפּוּטִים, פִּטְפּוּטִין, פִּי׳, (פִּטְפְּטִין). Shabbath 102ᵇ עני עושה פִּיטְפּוּטֵי כירה קטנה וכ׳ a poor man makes pegs for a small stove to put on it a small pot (which is also called building). Kelim 5, 11 עשה לה פ׳ if he made legs for the stove (so that it no longer rests immediately on the ground); Tosefta Kelim Bava Kamma 4, 20. the same place (ibid.) 5, 1 שלשה … פטפט׳ שנתנן וכ׳ three pegs, three pins or three legs stuck in the ground and joined with clay to put a pot on them; Kelim 6, 1. Tosefta the passage cited 7 פטפוטי (read טין …). the same place (ibid.) 8. the same place (ibid.) 9 ארבעה פטפוטי כירה וכ׳ four legs of a stove etc.; and elsewhere ↗ original
פִּטְפֵּט (see the preceding, a. פַּטָּטָא) to talk, babble. Menachoth 65ᵃ חוץ מזקן אחד שהיה מְפַטְפֵּט כנגדו except one old man who talked (childishly) against him. פ׳ ביצרו to talk or argue with one’s own passion, to conquer one’s self. Bava Bathra 109ᵇ (play on בנות פׄוטׄיאל, Exodus 6, 25) דאתי מיוסף שפ׳ ביצרו Elazar was a descendant of Joseph, who (is surnamed Putiel, because he) conquered his passion; Shemoth Rabbah section 7, end שהיתה אשתו … יוסף שפ׳ ביצרו … שפׄיטׄם וכ׳ his wife was a descendant of two families, being on one side of the tribe of Joseph who conquered his passion, and on the other of the family of Jethro who fattened &., see פָּטַם; Sotah 43ᵃ ↗ original
פַּטְפִּט , to talk. Bereshith Rabbah section 98 (referring to Judges 15, 16 a. 18) דמְפַטְפֵּט צחי he who talks gets thirsty. ↗ original
פָּטַר (Biblical Hebrew) to break through, open. Bechoroth 8, 1 (46ᵃ) (referring to Exodus 13, 2) עד שיִפְטְרוּ רחם מישראל (not שיפטרוה) provided they open the womb when the mother is an Israelite (although she conceived before her conversion); the same place (ibid.) 47ᵃ.—2) to send off, discharge, dismiss. Kethuboth 13, 5, and frequently או כנוס או פְּטוֹר (the betrothed has a right to say) either marry or release (me by divorce). Gittin 6, 5 פִּטְרוּהָ … לא אמר כלום if one says to friends, ‘release her’ … he has said nothing (they are not authorized to write a letter of divorce, as it might mean, release her of her debts etc.); the same place (ibid.) 65ᵇ ר׳ נתן אומר פַּטְּרוּהָ דבריו קיימין פִּיטְרוּהָ לא אמר כלום R. N. says, if he said paṭṭ’ruha (Pi'el), his words stand (a divorce is meant), but if he says piṭruha (Kal) etc. the same place (ibid.) ר׳ נתן דבבלאה … בין פיטרוה לפטרוה וכ׳ R. N. who is a Babylonian, draws a distinction between piṭruha and paṭṭ’ruha; our Tannai (in the Mishnah) being a Palestinian does not etc. the same place (ibid.) 8, 4. פּוֹטֵר … בגט ישן a man may divorce his wife with an old letter of divorce (having been closeted with her after he had written it); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 8 (6), 3 אינו פוטר וכ׳ he must not divorce with an old letter, in order that the letter of divorce may not date farther back than (the conception of) her child; and frequently to dismiss, give leave, let go. Sotah 9, 6 ופְטַרְנוּהוּ בלא מזון and we let him (the stranger) go without provision. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 91 מי גדול הפּוֹטֵר או הנִפְטָר which is the superior of the two? he who gives leave, or he who takes leave? the same place (ibid.) (referring to Genesis 32, 27) הרי יעקב פוטר למלאך behold, Jacob gives leave to the angel; and frequently (law) to discharge, acquit; (ritual) to exempt from obligation, to declare free from punishment, eventually from sacrificial atonement, opposite חִיֵּיב. Eruvin 65ᵃ יכול אני לִפְטוֹר וכ׳ I can (by my plea) release from judgment the whole world (all Israelites) from the destruction of the Temple to the present time, for we read (Isaiah 51, 21), Hear now this, thou afflicted and drunken etc. (a drunken person is irresponsible); the same place (ibid.) מאי יכולני לפטור נמי מדין תפלה this ‘I can release’ means also from responsibility for neglect of prayer (the drunken not being permitted to pray). Sukkah 45ᵇ. Shabbath 2, 5 ר׳ יוסי פוטר בכלן וכ׳ R. J. declares (him that did it) free from punishment or eventual sacrifice in all those cases, except etc. Kerithoth 4, 2 ר׳ יהושע פוטר R. J. absolves him from bringing a sin-offering, opposite מחייב חטאת. Sanhedrin 5, 5 אם מצאו לו זכות פְּטָרוּהוּ if they found evidence in his favor, they (the court) acquitted him; and very frequently—Transferred to cause exemption; to cover, include. Berachoth 6, 5 ברך על היין … פ׳ את היין וכ׳ if he recited the blessing over wine before the meal, he has therewith exempted the wine offered after the meal (from an additional blessing). the same place (ibid.) 7 מברך על העיקר ופוטר את הטפלה he says the blessing over the chief dish, and with this he covers that which goes with it (see טְפֵלָה). Yevamoth 1, 1 חמש … פּוֹטְרוֹת צרותיהן fifteen women (of various kinship with the yabam, by which he is prevented from marrying any of them) cover their rivals (making them free from dependence on the yabam for marriage or discharge); and frequently—participle passive פָּטוּר; feminine פְּטוּרָה; plural פְּטוּרִים, פְּטוּרִין; פְּטוּרוֹת (is, are) exempt, free, opposite חַיָּיב. Peah 1, 6 ופ׳ מן המעשרות וכ׳ and he need not give the tithes, until etc. Bava Metzia 8, 1 פ׳ (supply (understood word) מלשלם) he is free from indemnity. the same place (ibid.) 7, 10 מתנה … להיות פ׳ משבועה may have an agreement to be eventually exempt from making oath; להיות פ׳ מלשלם to be exempt from responsibility. Kiddushin 1, 7 כל מצות הבן על האב … ונשים פ׳ to all paternal duties men are bound, but women (mothers) are exempt from them. Yevamoth 1, 2 כשם שבתו פ׳ כך צרתה פ׳ as well as his (the yabam’s) daughter is exempt (from the law of levirate marriage, because the yabam cannot marry her), so her rival is exempt; and very frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּיטֵּרto dismiss; to divorce. Gittin 65ᵇ, see above. Kiddushin 31ᵇ פַּטְּרוּנִי dismiss (escort) me; and elsewhere Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְטָר,Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְפַטֵּרto be exempted, freed. Bechoroth 2, 1 לא נִפְטְרוּ מבכור וכ׳ they (the Levites) have not been exempted from consecrating the firstborn of clean animals, but only from redeeming their firstborn sons and the firstborn of asses; and elsewhere to be dismissed, take leave, depart. Yoma 1, 5 נפטרו והלכו להם they took leave and went. Sotah 9, 5. Berachoth 64ᵃ הנ׳ מחבירו וכ׳ he who leaves his friend (after escorting him a distance) must not say, ‘go in peace’, but, ‘go to peace’; הנ׳ מן המת וכ׳ he who takes leave of the dead (after burial) etc. the same place (ibid.) 31ᵃ; Eruvin 64ᵃ לא יִפָּטֵר אדם וכ׳ one must not leave a friend otherwise than with a word of tradition (on legal or religious subjects), by which he may remember him; and frequently—Esp. to depart this world, to die. Berachoth 17ᵃ גדל בשם טוב ונ׳ בשם טוב מן העולם who grew (lived) with a good name, and left the world with a good name. Temurah 16ᵃ בשעה שנ׳ משה רבינו לגן עדן when Moses our teacher was to depart for paradise. Bereshith Rabbah section 96; and frequently—Yalkut Shimoni Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 989 בשעה … מִתְפַּטְּרִים וכ׳ when the children are dismissed from school. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְטִירto discard; ה׳ בשפהto discard with the lip, to spurn. Pesikta Rabbati section 37 מחרקין … ומַפְטִירִים בשפתותיהם gnashed their teeth … and spurned with their lips (referring to Psalms 22, 8). Treatise Derekh Erets Chaldaic (Aramaic) 2 מפְטִּירֵי שפה (= מפטירין בשפה). to dismiss, adjourn a meeting. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 7ᵈ top הַפְטֵר את העם dismiss the people (adjourn the meeting). Moed Katan 5ᵇ, see בָּכָה. Chullin 51ᵃ מַפְטִיר כנסיות one who dismisses the assemblies, janitor, see כְּנֶסֶת.—Pesachim 10, 8, see אֶפִּיקוֹמָן; and elsewhere [to recite before dismissal,] to conclude the reading from the Law by reading a portion of the Prophets, to read the Hafṭarah (see הַפְטָרָה). Megillah 4, 1 בשני … ואין מַפְטִירִין בנביא on Mondays, Thursdays and Saturday afternoons three persons read from the Law …, and we do not close with a lesson from the Prophets. the same place (ibid.) 5 המפטיר בנביא הוא וכ׳ he who concludes with the prophetic lesson (being the last of those called up) has the privilege of etc., see פָּרַס; and frequently ↗ original
פְּטַר , to free, dismiss, let go; to divorce. Targum Genesis 43, 14. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 5, 2, and the following Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 24, 1; and frequently—Bechoroth 4ᵃ אינהו פַּטְרֵי אדם אדם פטר בהמה בהמה פטרי they (the Levites) released (the firstborn Israelites) by substituting man for man, but the firstborn beasts were redeemed through their beasts.—5. פַּטִּיר. Pa'el פִּעֵל פַּטֵּרsame, especially to divorce. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 7, 26 יְפַטֵּיר (edition Vienna edition יַפְטִירAf'el).—Gittin 85ᵇ היך פלני … פַּטַּר ותריך וכי (or פְּטַר) how N. N. divorced and sent away N. N. his wife etc. Af'el הִפְעִיל אַפְטַרto dismiss. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) the passage cited, see above.—Bamidbar Rabbah section 12 דיהוון מַפְטִירִין טלייא וכ׳ that they should dismiss the school children at the fourth hour of the day (during the summer heat); Echah Rabbah to 1, 3 מפטרין רב טלאי (correct accordingly). to deliver a funeral address. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᶜ top על׳ … וא׳ עילוי וכ׳ R. Z. came in, and spoke of him (as follows) etc. the same place (ibid.)ᵇ bottom of the page ואיפטר (correct accordingly). Koheleth Rabbah to 5, 11 עול ואַפְטוֹר עלוי go and deliver the address over him. the same place (ibid.) א׳ עלוי הדין פסוקא he started his address with this verse etc.; and frequently to take leave. Tanchuma Bereshith 13 אַפְטְרוּ מיניה באורתא they took leave of him in the evening; בצפרא אתו וקא מַפְטְרֵי מיניה in the morning they came and again took leave of him; מי לא אַפְטְרִיתוּ קמאי מאתמול did you not take leave of me last night? Eruvin 64ᵃ (Munich manuscript מִיפַּטְרֵיIthpeel) were taking leave of one another; and frequently to read the Hafṭarah. Megillah 31ᵇ מאי מַפְטִירִינָן what do we read as Hafṭarah?; the same place (ibid.)ᵃ אַפְטוּרֵי מאי מפטירינן (not מפטירין). the same place (ibid.) 30ᵇ קרו ומַפְטְרֵי (not קרא) they read from the Law and recited the Hafṭarah; and frequently—Berachoth 53ᵇ מפטרייהו, see מִפְטָרָא. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְפַּטַּר,Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְפְּטַר, אִיפְּטַר, , אִפְּ׳to escape (a thrust), slip away. Targum I Samuel 19, 10. to be divorced, see מִפְטְרָא. to be sent off, be escorted. Targum Genesis 44, 3.—Esp. to be escorted to the burying place, be buried. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 7, 1.—Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 נח (רבתי) נפשיה וא׳ לבית עלמין he died and was carried to the burying place; and elsewhere to take leave, participle Eruvin the passage cited, see above. to be exempted. Bechoroth 4ᵃ אפי׳ מבכור בהמה נמי נִיפַּטְרוּ let them also be exempt from consecrating the firstborn of cattle; and elsewhere ↗ original
פֶּטֶרthe preceding words) [opening of the womb,] firstborn, firstbirth. Bechoroth 1, 6, see פִּדְיוֹן. the same place (ibid.) 2, 1; and very frequently—plural פְּטָרִים, construct state פִּטְרֵי, פִּי׳. the same place (ibid.) 6ᵃ פ׳ סוסים וגמלים the first-births of horses or camels. the same place (ibid.) 11ᵃ פי׳ חמורות; and elsewhere ↗ original
פַּטְרוֹבּוֹלִי (πατρόβουλοι) chief senators, a title given to local magistrates (variously corrupted). Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 1, 15ᶜ top דמה … ראש פטרכולי היה Dama … was the chief of the patrobuloi; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 61ᵇ top פטר בולי (correct accordingly); Pesikta Rabbati section 23—24 פטרכולי. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Ul’kaḥ., p. 182ᵇ יצאו פטרופולי וקילסו אותו (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פרפילי), the magistrates came out and praised him; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 651 פטרופלי המדינה; Vayikra Rabbah section 30 פרטוטי Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition גדולי המדינה). ↗ original
פַּטְרוֹזָא (Palez of פטר) a prematurely born animal, a puny lamb. Bechoroth 11ᵃ אפי׳ פ׳ בר דנקא even a puny lamb worth no more than a Danḳa. Zevachim 48ᵃ פ׳ בר דנקא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition חטאת בת ד׳, אשם בר ד׳). ↗ original
פַּטְרוֹן (πάτρων = patronus) patron, protector. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᵃ bottom of the page בא ועמד לו על פתחו של פַּטְרוֹנוֹ וכ׳ he comes and stands at the gate of his patron and calls for his slave etc. the same place (ibid.) 13ᵇ top ב"וד יש לו פ׳ שולט וכ׳ (not מלך ב"וד) a human being has a patron who may have power in one province etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, 42ᶜ bottom of the page פטרין (correct accordingly). Tanchuma Vayesheb 8 אתה הוא בטחוני אתה הוא פַטְרוֹנִי thou (God) art my trust, thou art my patron; and frequently—plural פַּטְרוֹנִין, פַּטְרוֹנוֹת. Shemoth Rabbah section 14 שהיו פושעים … שהיו להם פ׳ וכ׳ there were sinners in Israel who had Egyptian patrons and lived in affluence and honor, and were unwilling to leave. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 5, 9 מה דודך מדוד … מה פטרון הוא מפ׳ ‘what is thy friend more than any other friend’, what god is he to be different from any other god, what patron to be different from other patrons? Esther Rabbah introduction אתם יש לכם פ׳ ומה הן וכ׳ you have patrons, and who are they? These are the words of the covenant (Deuteronomy 28, 69). Bereshith Rabbah section 50, end למדינה שהיו לה שני פ׳ וכ׳ (not פיט׳) like a province that had two patrons, one a provincial etc.; and elsewhere ↗ original
פַּטְרוֹקִי p. n. masculine Patroḳi, Patriḳi (Patricius), name of an Amora. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 4, 41ᵈ top; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 10; Shemoth Rabbah section 35; and elsewhere ↗ original
פַּטְרִיקוֹן (πάτρικος, patricus, -a, -um) something hereditary, heirloom, patrimony. Ylamdenu to Numbers 21, 1, quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) יודעין אנו שיש להן מאבותיהן פטריקא וכ׳ we know that they (Israel) have a legacy from their ancestors who said to them, ‘the voice is Jacob’s voice’ (i.e. prayer); 1, too, rely on my patrimony, as it is said (Genesis 27, 40), ‘by thy sword thou shalt live’; Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 764. Bereshith Rabbah section 49 אילו מפ׳ שלו וכ׳ if I asked (permission to cut some trees down) on his patrimony, he would not refuse me. Bereshith Rabbah section 98 (referring to Genesis 49, 8, a. 2 Samuel 22, 41) שהיה פ׳ שלו וכ׳ (not שהיו פטיריקין) it was his (Judah’s) hereditary privilege (paternal blessing, to lay hands on the enemy’s neck); Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 18, 41 פזמריקון; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 162 פזמיקון; Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 163 פיזמיקון (correct accordingly).—plural פַּטְרִיקִין. Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 766 שתי פ׳ של ברכות וכ׳ they have two paternal blessings from Aram. ↗ original
פַּטְשָׁא , see פְּטִישׁ.—[Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 960 למאן פטשין, see פִּיטְטָא.—Yalkut Shimoni Kings 230; Tanchuma Thazr. 9 עשו פטשין, see פָּסָּטוֹן.] ↗ original
פִּי construct state of פֶּה. [For compounds see respective determinants]. ↗ original
פִּיגָאPiga, name of a river in Palestine. Parah 8, 10 (Mishnah edition פוגה); Sanhedrin 5ᵇ (Munich manuscript פו׳). Bava Bathra 74ᵇ (Munich manuscript פו׳; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note); Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 24; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 697 פוגע (correct accordingly). name of a place. Tosefta Terumoth 1, 15 edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading פינא).—Tosefta Yevamoth 6, 8 מעשה ברופא בפ׳ אחד edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (other edition מעשה בחופה באחד), read מעשה בפ׳ באחד, or מ׳ בחיפא באחד). ↗ original
פִּיגּוּל [abomination, unfitness,] a sacrifice rejectable in consequence of an improper intention in the mind of the officiating priest. Zevachim 28ᵃ פ׳ זהו חוץ למקומו piggul (Leviticus 7, 18; 19, 7) refers to the intended disposal beyond the legal limits of space (for eating the sacrifice). the same place (ibid.) 2, 3 חוץ למקומו פסול … חוץ לזמנו פ׳ וכ׳ the intention of disposal at an improper place makes the sacrifice unfit, but the eating of it is not punishable with extinction, whereas the intention of disposal at the improper time makes it piggul, and the eating of it is punished with extinction; and frequently—plural פִּיגּוּלִים, פִּיגּוּלִין, פִּגּ׳. Sifra Ahăré, Parah 5, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 7. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 5, 14, כמה פ׳ many laws concerning piggul; and elsewhere ↗ original
פִּיגּוּל ² , abomination. Targum Isaiah 65, 4. Targum Ezekiel 6, 4; 5; 13 Bxt. (edition פִּיגּוּר, which see). Targum I Samuel 17, 46 (edition Lagarde edition פגר).—Esp. piggul, see the preceding Menachoth 94ᵃ (a mnemonical formula) שכן ציבורא חובה טמיא דאכיל פ׳ בשבתא for the show-bread is, like the ʿOmer, a congregational offering, an obligatory offering, is offered when the congregation is unclean, is eaten by the priests, is subject to becoming piggul, and is offered on the Sabbath; the same place (ibid.)ᵇ ↗ original
פיגום , Tosefta Bava Bathra 6, 2 טינופת פ׳ לסאה, read with edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.): טינופת לסאה; פיגום being a misplaced gloss, corrupted from פיטס׳, as a variant reading of פוטסות the same place (ibid.) 3.—Bechoroth 5, 3 (35ᵃ) נטל פ׳ Babylonian edition, see פִּגְיוֹן↗ original
פִּיגּוּר construct state (פְּגַר 1) breaking, destruction. Targum Isaiah 24, 12. (פְּגַר 2, see פֶּגֶר) decay, only in connection with טעוותא (rendering Hebrew . Targum Ezekiel 6, 4; 5; 13 (Bxt. פיגול). Targum Onkelos Leviticus 26, 30 edition Berlin edition (other edition פִּגְרֵי). ↗ original
פִּיגִי (πηγή) spring. Bereshith Rabbah section 15 (referring to Genesis 2, 10) כפ׳ שהיא נתונה וכ׳ like a spring in a garden which waters the garden.—*plural פִּיגִין. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 15, 27 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition עינוון). ↗ original
פִּיגָּם (פָּגַם; compare פָּגוּם I, a. Bereshith Rabbah section 20, quoted bel.; πήγανον would seem to be of Semitic origin) the herb rue. Bereshith Rabbah section 20 שהם דומים לפ׳ וכ׳ resembling the leaves of rue, wide below and narrow on top, see אוֹר 2, 3. Kilayim 1, 8 אין מרכיבין פ׳ ע"ג קדה וכ׳ you must not graft rue on wild cassia, because it would be a combination of an herb with a tree; Eruvin 34ᵇ פגם (some edition פי׳, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 200). ʿUktsin 1, 2. Shabbath 128ᵃ. [פִּיגְמָהּ, Sanhedrin 73ᵇ, see פְּגִימָה 3]. ↗ original
פִּיגְמָא = פְּגָמָא which see = Hebrew פָּגוּם I semicircular turret, Pigma, a suburb of Tiberias. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 5, 22ᵇ bottom of the page אין תמשח פ׳ וכ׳ if you measure (for Sabbath limits) from the Turret etc. ↗ original
פִּיד (פדר; compare פְּדַע) picking of chickens. Avodah Zarah 4ᵃ (referring to פידו, Job 30, 24) אני נפרע מהן כפ׳ של תרנגולת I will collect from them (punish them) as the chicken picks (in small instalments); the same place (ibid.) אפי׳ אין ישראל … מעט כפ׳ של תרנגולין וכ׳ even if Israel do but small good deeds, as the picking of chickens in the dunghill, I will combine them into one large sum; Yalkut Shimoni Job 918. (Biblical Hebrew) (= שֶׁבֶר) misfortune. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Naḥămu, p. 126ᵇ (referring to Job the passage cited) אין הקב"ה מכה … אלא מביא פ׳ לזו וכ׳ the Lord does not strike a nation and let her sit in despair, but brings misfortune on one and consoles her with another etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Job the passage cited ↗ original
פִּיוְולָא (fibula = pallium fibulatum, compare περόνημα a. πόρπαμα) clasp; a cloak fastened with clasps or buckles. Tanchuma, edition Buber edition, Noah 21 נתן … טלית לשם וליפת פ׳ the Lord rewarded them, giving Shem the ṭallith (see טַלִּית), and Japhet the pallium fibulatum; Bereshith Rabbah section 36 ויפת לפִוְולָא and Japheth was granted the pallium; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 61 לפלוניא (corruption of לפִיבוּלָא; some edition פלמניא, correct accordingly).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 39ᶜ bottom of the page היה הופך עיכליה דימינא וכ׳ (Matt. K. to Echah Rabbah to 4, 2 פִּיבְלֵיה) he changed the buckle from his right to his left shoulder; Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 4, 24ᵃ bottom of the page פילכיה דשמלא לימנא (read: פיבליה; Echah Rabbah the passage cited יד אונקלי). ↗ original
פִּיּוּט (פוט, see פּטפט) talk, story-telling.—plural פִּיּוּטִין. Bereshith Rabbah section 85 (referring to the disregard of chronological order in the Book of Daniel) שלא יאמרו דברי פ׳ הם כדי וכ׳ that people should not say, they are merely historical annals; in order that all should know that he (Daniel) told it by holy inspiration; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 144 שלא יאמר פ׳ הוא (correct accordingly); Yalkut Shimoni Daniel 1063.—[In liturgy פיוט: hymn, especially applied to alphabetical acrostics; see פַּיְיטָן.] ↗ original
פַּיּוֹטוֹת (the preceding) [talkers,] children of six or seven years of age. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 7, 24ᶜ bottom of the page (referring to Gittin 5, 7), see פָּעוֹטוֹת a. אִפְיוֹטוֹת. ↗ original
פיונטייה , Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 11, end, 30ᶜ ור"ש יבין ליה פ׳, a corruption in a passage which otherwise requires emendation; read: שע"ז בין שנתכוון … בין שלא נתכוון … דברי ר"ש חונקין אותו ודברי חכמים סוקלין אותו אבל בשאר כל המצוות אם לא נתכוון לעקור את כל הגוף דברי חכמים סוקלין אותו ודברי ר"ש פוטרין אותו; see Tosefta Sanhedrin 14, 13, a. Babylonian Sanhedrin 90ᵃ ↗ original
פִּיּוּס (פִּיס) conciliation, persuasion, comfort. Niddah 31ᵇ מפני מה האיש מקבל פ׳ וכ׳ why does man easily accept conciliatory words, and woman does not? (Answ.) This one partakes of the nature of the material of which he was created (earth being easily crushed) etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, 65ᵇ bottom of the page ואני מקבל פִּיּוּסָן and I shall accept their apology. Bereshith Rabbah section 93 הגשה לפ׳, see הַגָּשָׁה. the same place (ibid.) כל הדברים … היה בהם פ׳ ליוסף וכ׳ all the words … (Genesis 44, 18—34) contained conciliatory argument for Joseph, for his brothers, and for Benjamin. Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 2 מדה שיש בה פ׳ a social act with which consolation is connected; and frequently—plural פִּיּוּסִים, פִּיּוּסִין. Bereshith Rabbah section 74 (referring to Genesis 31, 36) דא את סבור … דברי פ׳ וכ׳ here you might think there would be blows and wounds, but (his anger found vent only in) words of persuasion etc.; and elsewhere—[Vayikra Rabbah section 26 בפיוסין, read: בפִיסְטִין.] ↗ original
פִּיּוּסָא Bereshith Rabbah section 94 דילמא אגב פ׳ שביק ציבחר perhaps in consequence of conciliation (by presents) he may remit some (of the imposed penalty). Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 8, end, 21ᵇ דחמא … יקבל פִּיּוּסָךְ may he who sees and cannot be seen, accept thy apology (as I accept it).—plural פִּיּוּסִין, פִּיּי׳. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 34, 3.—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 7, 2 Babylonian edition, see פִּוְוסָרוֹס.] ↗ original
פִּיזָּא = Hebrew פָּז. Gittin 58ᵃ תרתי מתלי איסתירא פ׳ וכ׳ all the fine gold of the world weighs two Istiras, one half of it is in Rome, and the other in the rest of the world. the same place (ibid.) מחפי בפ׳ covered with fine gold. Avodah Zarah 11ᵇ מתקל ד׳ זוזי דפ׳ (not ר׳, edition מתקל זוזא דפ׳; Munich manuscript פרזא, correct accordingly; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) פִּיזֵּיgold pieces) fine gold of the weight of four Zuz. Kethuboth 77ᵇ תכטקי פ׳, see תַּכְתָּקָא; and elsewhere ↗ original
פִּיזּוּר (פָּזַר) scattering, dispersion. T’bul Yom 2, 3 מפני שהוא רוצה בפִיזּוּרוֹ because the scattering (of the garlic in the mortar) is welcome to him. Shabbath 16ᵇ בשעת פ׳ עבים when the clouds were dispersing. Sifra M’tsorʿa, Parah 2, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 2 (מקום) פ׳ שיער isolated hairs. Sanhedrin 8, 5 פ׳ לרשעים וכ׳ dispersion (separation) of the wicked is a profit to them and to the world; and elsewhere ↗ original
פִּיחַpowder, dust; פ׳ כבשןsoot. Shemoth Rabbah section 11. Tanchuma Vaëra 14; and elsewhere ↗ original
פִּיחַ ² Targum Onkelos Exodus 9, 8; and elsewhere ↗ original
פִּיחָה (the preceding) wind, flatus. Avodah Zarah 17ᵃ [blowing away,] reduction, diminution. Shemoth Rabbah section 43 (referring to יפיחו, Proverbs 29, 8) אלו ישראל שנתנו פ׳ בעולם וכ׳ this means the Israelites who brought diminution into the world by the calf which they made, for … there is not a generation that suffers not at least a particle of punishment etc. (see אוּנְקְיָא). Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 17 (play on שיפוח, the same place (ibid.)) עד שאכניס פ׳ בלילן של מלכיות until I allow a reduction to enter into the sufferings (see לַיִל) from foreign governments, i.e. shorten the term of the exile. the same place (ibid.) כבר הכנסתי פ׳ וכ׳ I did once before shorten the exile in Egypt. ↗ original
פִּיטּוּם (פָּטַם) compounding, manufacturing; ingredients. Kerithoth 6ᵃ פ׳ הקטרת וכ׳ the ingredients of frankincense are etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 4, 48ᵃ bottom of the page שהיו בקיאין בפ׳ וכ׳ who were experts in the preparation of frankincense. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 8, 22ᶜ top פ׳ שמן המשחה the ingredients of the oil of anointment; and frequently—[Bava Metzia 4, 12 (60ᵃ), and elsewhere, see פִּיטּוּס.]—plural פִּיטּוּמִים, פִּיטּוּמִין, פִּיטּ׳spices. Terumoth 11, 2 כמוני פ׳ Rabbenu Shimshon (edition פְּטָמִים; Munich manuscript בשמים) like those who count spices (and add some in the bargain).—[Tanchuma, edition Buber edition, Shof’ṭim 8 פיטומין, see פְּרוֹטוֹמִי.] ↗ original
פִּיטּוּמָא Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 25, 6.—plural פִּיטּוּמִין. Kerithoth 3ᵃ בעי למיתניא פ׳ בהדי הדדי the redactor of the Mishnah wanted to place together the laws concerning the compoundings (of frankincense and of oil). ↗ original
פִּיטּוּמָא ² (פטם to break, compare Arab. faṭas mortuus fuit) slain body, corpse. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 69ᵃ top חמי לי פִּטּוּמֵיה show me his (Bar Kokhba’s) body; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 946 אייתון לי גופיה פטומיא (read: אייתון לי פטומיה, גופיה being a gloss to פ׳).—plural פִּיטּוּמִין, פִּטּ׳. Echah Rabbah to 2, 2 זיל אייתי לי פִּיטּוּמַיְהוּ go and bring me their bodies ↗ original
פִּיטּוֹמֶת (פָּטַם) [mortar and pestle,] in a transferred sense masculine (supply (understood word) קצה) the oblate part of the breast around the nipple. Niddah 5, 8 משישחיר הפ׳ (Babylonian edition 47ᵃ הפיטומות, correct accordingly) when the surroundings of the nipple begin to grow dark. the upper part (blossom end) of the onion. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 9, 46ᵈ top; 10, beginning 47ᵃ העביר פִּטּוֹמְתּוֹ וכ׳ if the upper part of it has been removed, it is considered as if cut in pieces.—5. פִּיטְמָה. ↗ original
פִּיטּוּס (frequently פִּיטּוּם, פִּיטָּם) common gender (פטס to expand, compare פָּטַם 2) a large cylindrical vessel, cask or tub of earthen material (corresp. to πίθος, a. to dolium; see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 18583 Engl. edition, under the word Dolium). Bava Metzia 4, 12 (60ᵃ) התגר … פיטם אחד (Babylonian edition פיטום; Yerushalmi (prefix) edition Venice a. Mishnah edition Nap. פיטס; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 400) a merchant may buy wine from several presses and put it into one cask. Kethuboth 111ᵇ in the days to come מביא ענבה … כפ׳ גדול one will bring in one cluster of grapes on a wagon or in a boat and place it in a corner of his house, and take his supply of wine from it, as if it were a large jar; Sifré Deuteronomy 317 כשותה מן הפיטום; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 944 ומסתפק והולך מן הפטים (read כמן הפ׳); Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 160 בפ׳ גדול (correct accordingly). Rosh Hashanah 3, 7 (27ᵇ) הפיטם (Babylonian edition הפיטס; Munich manuscript הפיטם, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). Tosefta Oholoth 10, 3 פ׳ שהוא עומד וכ׳ a piṭṭus (pithos) standing in a room and reaching from the floor to the ceiling. Tosefta Kelim Bava Kamma 4, 16 פיטים שקירו וכ׳ (correct accordingly) a large tub to which one made a cover to use it as a stove, and which he plastered over with clay. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 3, 62ᵃ top צד הוא בפיטס he may catch an animal (on the Holy Day) by chasing it into a tub; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, 14ᵃ bottom of the page בפיתם (read ס …). Tosefta T’bul Yom 2, 3 פִּיתוֹס.—plural פִּיטְּסִין, פִּטְּ׳. Kelim 3, 6 שטופלין בה הפ׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) הפדיסין) wherewith they line the tubs. Betzah 15ᵇ הללו בעלי פ׳ those (the first to leave the lecture room) are owners of tubs of wine, contradistinguished to חבית etc. a vessel made of brittle clay and requiring lining.—plural פִּיטְּסוֹת. Bava Bathra 6, 2 (93ᵇ) קנקנים בשרון … פיטסות למאה (Manuscript Hamburg a. R. פּוֹטְסוֹת; Mishnah edition פִּיטַסְיָאוֹת, Yerushalmi (prefix) edition פִּיטְסָאוֹת) if a man buys jugs (קנקנים) in Sharon, he must accept ten thin jugs for every hundred; the same place (ibid.) 97ᵇ, explained נאות ומגופרות, see נָא 2; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 6, 3, and the following פוטסות edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (other edition פוניסות, פינוסות, correct accordingly). ↗ original
פִּיטּוּרֵי (פָּטַר; compare Proverbs 17, 14) water rushing through bars. Berachoth 8ᵃ death from croup is כפיטורי בפי ושט like the gushing water at the entrance of a canal (when the sluice-bars are raised); [manuscript Beth Nathan כפרוקי פטורי בפי ושט; Munich manuscript marg. variant reading כפיטוני לפי ושט, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 4; Rashi referring to פטורי צצים, I Kings 6, 18, Targum אטונין: like ropes pulled through loop-holes in the boards of a ship]. Moed Katan 28ᵇ, and the following the departure of the soul from the body is כצפורי בפי (ה)וושט ר׳ י׳ אמר כפטורי בפי וושט as the whirling waters rushing into the entrance of the channel; R. J. says, as the water rushing through etc.; [Rashi: as the knots of ropes with which two ships are tied together; for variant reading Lect. see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 60]; Vayikra Rabbah section 4 כפיטורין היוצאין מן הוושט as the rushing waters leaving the channel; Tanchuma edition Buber edition, Mick. 15 כפיטורי היוצאת בפי ושט (manuscript Parma כפיטורין; Manuscript Rome כקפיטורין); Tanchuma the same place (ibid.) 10 כקפוטורין יוצאה מתוך הושט; Koheleth Rabbah to 6, 7 כקפיטורין מתוך הושט. ↗ original
פִּיטּוּרִין (פְּטַר) discharge, divorce. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 24, 3 (edition Berlin edition פִּיט׳, without Dagesh). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 21, 11 פְּט׳; and elsewhere—Gittin 9, 3 (in a formula of a letter of divorce) גט פ׳ (absent in Yerushalmi (prefix) edition); Nedarim 5ᵇ ↗ original
פִּיטְטָא (see פַּטָּטָא) talk, discussion.—plural פִּיטְטַיָּא, פִּיטְטִין, פִּטְ׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, end, 14ᵈ כל פ׳ בישין ופ׳ וכ׳ all discussions are bad, only those about the Law are good. Vayikra Rabbah section 12 (transl. למי שיח, Proverbs 23, 29) למאן פ׳ who has disputes?; Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 960 (not פטשין); Esther Rabbah to 2, 1 (ר׳ עזריה).—[Bereshith Rabbah section 44 חד פטטיא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), read הדין פ׳, see מִלְכָי.] ↗ original
פִּיטִירַיָּה [Petræan?] name of a species of figs. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 5, beginning 35ᵈ (explained בנות שוח, the same place (ibid.) 5, 1) פיטי׳ (Rabbenu Shimshon to Shevi'ith the passage cited פִּיטְרַיָּה). ↗ original
פִּיטָלוֹן (πέταλον) a leaf of metal, gold-foil (corresp. to Hebrew כתם). Targum Job 28, 16 edition Lagarde edition (edition פִּטְלְוָן, Levita פיטליין, correct accordingly). the same place (ibid.) 19. the same place (ibid.) 31, 24. Targum Lamentations 4, 1 edition Lagarde edition (other edition פלטין, correct accordingly). ↗ original
פִּיטְמָא (פְּטַם) fat, fattened animal. Targum I Kings 5, 3 (edition Lagarde edition פטימא). Targum Ezekiel 45, 15, see פַּטִּים.—Bava Kamma 47ᵃ פ׳ לבעל פרה (Rashi פטומא) the additional value on account of fatness goes to the credit of the owner of the cow. feminine = Hebrew פְּטוּמָה, crammed bird. Shemoth Rabbah section 25 (in Hebr. dict.) if one said, אילולי היה לי פ׳ אחת … טעם פ׳ I wish I had a crammed bird to eat, it (the mannah in his mouth) had the taste of a crammed bird; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 23 יֵיעָשֶׂה פטומא edition Buber edition (other edition עשה שמן פְּטוּמָה, strike out שמן); Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 690 פְּטוּמִין plural↗ original
פִּיטְמָא 2 (פָּטַם 1) [pestle, mortar] a protuberance on the blossom-end of fruits having the appearance of a pestle seated in a mortar (compare בּוּכְנָה); the upper portion of a fruit, see פִּיטּוֹמֶת. Sukkah 3, 6 נטלה פִטְמָתוֹ if the pestlelike protuberance of an Ethrog is taken out; explained Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 53ᵈ תמן אמרין שושנתו there (in Babylonia) they say, ‘its lily’; Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 35ᵇ, see בּוּכְנָה (see Rashi ad loc. (on the passage)). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 1, 27ᵃ top פיטמה של אבטיח (see מְעָה) the upper portion of a melon (containing the carpels). ʿUktsin 2, 3 הפיטמא של רמון (edition Dehr. הפטמה) the top-piece of a pomegranate. ↗ original
פִּיטָּס , see פִּיטּוּס.—[Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 19, 2 edition Buber edition בפיטסין, read: בפִיסְטִין.—Tanchuma, edition Buber edition Thazr. 12 פיטסים, see פָּסָּטוֹן.] ↗ original
פִּיטֵּק (פטק = פתק) [ball, stone; compare פַּיִּיס,] lot, ballot. —plural פִּיטְּקִין. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 8, 11, see דָּדָה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 1, 19ᶜ bottom of the page נטל … פ׳ וכ׳ Moses took twenty two thousand ballots and wrote on them etc.; בואו וטלו פִּיטְּקֵיכֶן come and draw your ballots.—5. פִּתֵּק. ↗ original
פִּיטְקָאballot, lot; fate, decree. Koheleth Rabbah to 3, 2 חייך דאת מחמי לי פִּיטְקִי by thy life, thou must show me my fate.—plural פִּיטְקַיָּא, פִּיטְקִין, פִּטְ׳, פְּטִיקַיָּא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Numbers 11, 26 (see Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 1, 19ᶜ bottom of the page).—Koheleth Rabbah the passage cited היך מה דלית … את שליט על פִּיטְקֵינָן וכ׳ as thou hast no power over our (the scholars’) fate etc. tablet, official letter (corresp. to Hebrew ספר or אגרת; compare פִּתְגָּם). Targum Esther 9, 32. Targum Job 31, 35; and elsewhere—plural as ab. Targum Esther 1, 22; and frequently—5. פִּיתְקָא↗ original
פִּיטְרָא 1 (compare פַּטְרָיוֹת) fungus. Shabbath 107ᵇ and the following האי מאן דתלש פ׳ וכ׳ he who plucks a fungus from the handle of a pitcher. ↗ original
פִּיטְרָא 2 (פְּטַר) farewell. Sanhedrin 96ᵇ שרא פ׳ בביתיה Munich manuscript (read שדא פ׳ לביתיה; edition Crac. פוטריתא, Rashi edition Crac. פטרתא; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) he sent a farewell letter (disposal of his property) to his house; (edition פּוּרְטִיתָא, see פִּירְטָא). ↗ original
פִּיטְרָא 3 (πέτρα) rock. Ylamdenu to Numbers 23, 9 quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh); Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 766 חפר … יהיה מוצא למטה פ׳ he dug in one place and found a rock below; the same place (ibid.) הרי מצאתי פ׳ לבנות וכ׳ I have found a rock (Abraham) on which to build and establish the world. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 5, 36ᵃ top פוטרה, see פּוּאָה.—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 1, 27ᵇ bottom of the page, פיטרה emend. in Levy Talmud Dictionary, see פִּיטּוּרָה.—the same place (ibid.) 27ᵃ bottom of the page פטר פיטרה סולינון, see פִּיטְרוֹסִילִינוֹן.] ↗ original
פיטרון Shemoth Rabbah section 15, read with Tanchuma Ḥayé 3 תִּיאַטְרוֹן.—פיטרונין, Bereshith Rabbah section 50, end, see פַּטְרוֹן↗ original
פִּיטְרוֹס (Πέτρος) Petros, Peter. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 82ᵈ bottom of the page ר׳ יוסי בר פ׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, 42ᶜ; Bereshith Rabbah section 92; Shemoth Rabbah section 52; and elsewhere ↗ original
פִּיטְרוֹסִילִינוֹן (πετροσέλινον) rock-parsley. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 9, beginning 38ᶜ (explained כרפס שבנהרית, Mishnah Shevi'ith 9, 1). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 1, 27ᵃ bottom of the page פטר פיטרה סולינון (correct accordingly); see שׁוּמָּר. ↗ original
פַּיְיטָן (פוט, see פִּיּוּט) speaker, especially (by adaptation to ποιήτης) composer of alphabetical acrostics, poet. Vayikra Rabbah section 30 דהוה … פ׳ ודרשן he was teacher of Bible and of Mishnah, speaker (poet) and preacher; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana U’kaḥ., p. 179ᵃ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) פּוֹיְיטָן, other edition פייטם, פייטס, correct accordingly); Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 6 פייטויי (correct accordingly). the same place (ibid.) to 1, 1 הדין פ׳ כד עביד וכ׳ when a poet writes etc., see אלפ"א; Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 13 פּוֹיְיטָנָא.—plural (Hebrew) פַּיְיטָנִים. Yalkut Shimoni Song of Songs 983 (referring to חרוזים, Song of Songs 1, 10) אלו הפ׳ this refers to the poets (in Israel). ↗ original
פְּיַילְתָּא = פְּיָילִי I. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 7, 13. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) the same place (ibid.) 85.—plural with suffix: פַּיַילְתּוֹי. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 25, 29.—[פיילת חיוא, see פָּלְיַית.] ↗ original
פַּיָּיס (פִּיס) brittle stone. Shabbath 81ᵃ פייס Oxford manuscript (edition פאיי׳; Munich manuscript פַּיָּאס; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note), explained כרשיני בבלייתא, see כַּרְשִׁינָא I. ↗ original
פַּיִיס (פִּיס) division, (compare פּוּר, a. בָּצַע) compromise, arbitration, especially by counting out a certain number on the raised fingers of those among whom a decision is to be made (see צָבַעHif'il), allotment. Yoma 2, 2 התקינו … אלא בפ׳ it was ordained that the cleansing of the altar should not be done (by whosoever was the first to reach it) but according to arbitration by counting etc. the same place (ibid.) וזה הפ׳ הראשון and this was the first arbitration (on the Day of Atonement). the same place (ibid.) 3 הפ׳ השני מי וכ׳ the second count was to decide who was to slaughter etc.; and frequently—plural פְּיָיסוֹת. the same place (ibid.) 2 ארבע פ׳ היו שם four times arbitration took place there (on the Day of Atonement). Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 6, 33ᵇ מפני קילקול פ׳ because it disturbs the arrangement of the various services allotted severally to the priests; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּיָיסָאcompromise, peace. Niddah 37ᵃ עבדו רבנן פ׳ the Rabbis have made peace (have been reconciled). lot, balloting. Targum 2 Esther 3, 7 פ׳, a. פ׳ דעדבין. Targum 1, 2 Esther 9, 24. Targum Proverbs 1, 14; and elsewhere—Yoma 22ᵃ תקינו לה … פ׳ the scholars arranged balloting (by counting fingers, see the preceding). the same place (ibid.) 23ᵃ; and elsewhere ↗ original
פַּיְיסַנְתָּא (the preceding) masonry, mason’s guild, see the preceding ↗ original
פִּיל 2 (פלא, compare נָפִיל) elephant. Kilayim 8, 6. Menachoth 69ᵃ; Bava Bathra 22ᵃ. Vayikra Rabbah section 6; and elsewhere—plural פִּילִים, פִּילִין. Bereshith Rabbah section 31, end., see זְמוֹרָה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 18, 16ᶜ; Tosefta Shabbath 14 (15), 8; and elsewhere—Bereshith Rabbah section 15, end בן הפילים some edition, see נָפִיל. ↗ original
פִּיל ² ; שן דפ׳, or פ׳ (supply (understood word) שן) ivory. Targum I Kings 10, 22. the same place (ibid.) 22, 39; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 3, 34ᵈ bottom of the page, and elsewhere, see עֲנִיבָה 2. Berachoth 55ᵇ bottom of the page דלא מחוו ליה … ולא פ׳ דעייל וכ׳ man is never shown in a dream a golden palm tree or an elephant passing through a needle’s eye (man dreams only of what he thinks of when awake). Bava Metzia 38ᵇ דילמא … דמעיילין פ׳ art thou perhaps of Pumb’ditha where they make an elephant pass through a needle’s eye (are subtle)? Bamidbar Rabbah section 10; Vayikra Rabbah section 5, see עַרְסָא; and elsewhere—plural פִּילַיָּא, construct state פִּילֵי. Targum Song of Songs 6, 8. Targum Nahum, Book of 2, 4 (Hebrew text פלדות!). ↗ original
פִּיל 3 (participle passive of פול or פלל; compare בלל; compare פְּלֵי) permeated, soaked. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 14, 21 (Hebrew text בלול). the same place (ibid.) 7, 10; and frequently—plural feminine פִּילַן. the same place (ibid.) 12; and elsewhere ↗ original
פִּילָא 3 (compare the preceding) split, crack, furrow.—plural פִּילֵי. Pesachim 76ᵃ bottom of the page אית ביה פ׳ if there are splits (in the crusty surface of the roast); Chullin 112ᵃ. Shabbath 33ᵇ הוו ביה פ׳ בגופיה had cuts in his skin (from living in a cave). Moed Katan 3ᵃ; Sukkah 44ᵇ סתומי פ׳ to close up fissures in the soil which covers the roots. Bava Bathra 54ᵃ top of the page Taanith 4ᵃ, see עוּרְפִּילָא; and elsewhere ↗ original
פִּילָא 4pila, name of an aromatic plant (Rashi: polion, see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Polion). Kethuboth 77ᵇ ↗ original
פילא , Vayikra Rabbah section 33; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 4, see פַּלִּיָיא. ↗ original
פִּילָגוֹס (πέλαγος) high sea. Targum Psalms 46, 3 פ׳ דימא (edition Vilna edition פַּלְגוּס; Hebrew text לב ים). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 15, 8.—Vayikra Rabbah section 12, beginning בפ׳ דימא, see אִילְפָא I; Esther Rabbah to 2, 1 (ר׳ עזריה); Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 960 בפ׳ (without ימא). Koheleth Rabbah to 3, 6 [read:] כד עללין אנן לפ׳ אנן וכ׳ when we get out on the high sea, we shall kill him. ↗ original
פילה , Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 1, 27ᵃ top, see פּוֹלָא.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 14ᵇ יודן בן פ׳, see פִּילְיָא. ↗ original
פִּילּוּג (פָּלַג) division, separation. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 2ᶜ bottom of the page וכל פ׳ מי בראשית מתפלגין מתחתיו whatever be the divisions into which the waters of creation parted, they started from under it (the tree of life); (Bereshith Rabbah section 15, and elsewhere וכל מימי בראשית מתפלגין מתחתיו). ↗ original
פִּילּוּג ²distribution. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 10, 32. decision, decree; פִּילּוּג דינאjudgment. Targum Onkelos Genesis 14, 7 (Hebrew text עין משפט; see Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) the same place (ibid.)) Targum Joel 4, 2 (Hebrew text יהושפט); and elsewhere part, see פְּלַג 2. ↗ original
פִּילוֹטִימְיָא (φιλοτιμία, S.) display, public show, especially gladiatorial exhibition, combats of beasts etc. (see Sachs Sachs, Beitrage 1, p. 120). Shemoth Rabbah section 30 שמע שפ׳ נעשית (not פלוטמיא) he heard that a show is coming up; שאל … פ׳ he asked a gladiator (לוּדָר), when will the show take place?; שאל לאותו שעושה פ׳ he asked him who was to give the show (‘editor’). ↗ original
פִּילּוּל (פָּלַל) pleading, pillul, one of the terms for prayer. Sifré Deuteronomy 26; Devarim Rabbah section 2; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 811. Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 260 עלה פ׳ תפלתן וכ׳ (not תכלתן) the pleading of the prayer of the patriarchs arose etc.; (Mechilta Beshallach, Vayassʿa, section 3 עלתה תפלתן). ↗ original
פִּילוֹן (πυλών, πυλεών) gateway. Vayikra Rabbah section 30, beginning (referring to Psalms 16, 11) הודיעני איזה פ׳ מפולש וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition תודיעני באיזה) let me know which is the open gate leading to life everlasting. Bereshith Rabbah section 59, [read as:] Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 103 (referring to Genesis 24, 1) בא בפ׳ מפולש וכ׳ he had entered on the gateway leading etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 66, end פִּילְיוֹנוֹ של וכ׳ (not פו׳) Isaac’s gateway was open from both sides, so that the one came in from one side, and the other from the other side; [the same place (ibid.) section 48 פלן של אבינו אברהם וכ׳; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 82 פוולונו (correct accordingly, or פָּפִילְיוֹנוֹ, see פָּפִילְיוֹן]. Vayikra Rabbah section 18 הכל נכנסין בפ׳ אחד (not בפולין, בפילין) all enter town by the same gateway [or read: בפילי אחת, see פִּילי]; Koheleth Rabbah to 12, 5 בפילין אגון אחת (בפילי) (correct accordingly). the same place (ibid.) כד אתין לפילין (edition Vilna edition לפילן, correct accordingly) when they arrived at the gateway (of the Sepphorean’s residence); and elsewhere—[Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 178 פלומי פ׳, see פְּלוּמוֹפִּילוֹן.] ↗ original
פִּילֹּון (φύλλον, supply (understood word) Ἰνδικόν; folium) aromatic leaves (Malabathrum). Sifra Vayikra, Ḥoba, Parah 12, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 22 המערב … עלי גפנים בפ׳ who adulterates phyllon with vine leaves; Tosefta Bava Bathra 5, 6 בפיליון (correct accordingly); Koheleth Rabbah to 9, 13 בפלפלין (correct accordingly); the same place (ibid.) to 6, 1 בפליון (correct accordingly); Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 479. Shabbath 62ᵃ; Gittin 69ᵇ, see חוּמַרְתָּא. ↗ original
פִּילוֹנִיקְיָא (φιλονικεία) love of strife, contentiousness. Tanchuma Vaëra 11 (referring to Isaiah 46, 10ᵇ) כל הקורא פסוק זה סבור שמא פ׳ וכ׳ (not פלוניקיא) he who reads this verse will think, is there a contest of opinions above (in heaven)?; the same place (ibid.) edition Buber edition 11 פקלוניא (correct accordingly); Shemoth Rabbah section 9, beginning פלינקרא, פלינקריא (correct accordingly); (Tanchuma Thazr. 7 עיות הדין, edition Buber edition 9 עיבור הדין). ↗ original
פילוס , Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 9; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 642 פיליש, read פִּילִיפּוֹס, see פוליא↗ original
פִּילוּסָאPilusa (Pelusium). Avodah Zarah 39ᵃ Musafia (edition פלוסא, Munich manuscript פולסא; edition Pesachim a. other פלמוסא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note).—5. פִּילוּסִין. ↗ original
פִּילוֹסוֹפוֹס (φιλόσοφος) philosopher, one living a life of speculation and self-denial, monk (see Gr. Dictionary under the word). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, 6ᵃ bottom of the page חד פ׳ שאל וכ׳ (not פיוס …) a certain philosopher (Christian?) asked etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 2, 61ᶜ. Treatise Derekh Erets Chaldaic (Aramaic) V (see Brüll, Jahrb. 1879, p. 41). Bereshith Rabbah section 1 פ׳ אחד שאל וכ׳ (edition Vilna edition פילסופי, correct accordingly) a philosopher asked R. G.; Avodah Zarah 54ᵇ פלוספוס; and frequently—plural פִּילוֹסוֹפִים, פִּילוֹסוֹפִין, (פְּלוֹ׳). the same place (ibid.); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 6 (7), 7. Bereshith Rabbah section 65 לא עמדו פ׳ בעולם וכ׳ no philosophers ever arose as wise as Balaam etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 61 ישבו פ׳ וחשבו (= סופיסטיס) accountants sat down and calculated; and frequently ↗ original
פִּילוּסִין 1 (Πηλούσιον) Pelusium, a town in Lower Egypt. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 47, 11 ארעא דפ׳ (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 ופילוסים, correct accordingly; Hebrew text ארץ רעמסס). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 1, 11 פִּלּוּסִין edition Vienna edition (2 תין …, correct accordingly); and frequently ↗ original
פִּילוּסִין 2 (the preceding) Pelusian linen. Yoma 3, 7 (34ᵇ) היה לובש פי׳ וכ׳ Yerushalmi (prefix) edition (Babylonian edition a. Mishnah פל׳) he wore garments of Pelusian linen of the value of etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 40ᵈ top שני של פ׳ second class Pelusian linen; and elsewhere ↗ original
פִּילֵי (πύλαι) gate of a town, entrance. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 19, 1.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 12, 12ᵈ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᵃ bottom of the page מן דמטון (ל) פ׳ (not פו׳) when they arrived at the gates. Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 (רבתי) בתרע פ׳ דההיא וכ׳ at the gate of the entrance to that city. Bereshith Rabbah section 63 פ׳ דפנייס the gate of Paneas; and frequently—the same place (ibid.), and elsewhere פיילי (correct accordingly).—Tanchuma, edition Buber edition, Miḳḳ. 10 בפולי אחד (read: בפי׳ אחת).—plural Chaldaic (Aramaic) פִּילְוָותָא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 20, 11 פִּילְוָותָהּ (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 פִּלְוָותָא, correct accordingly).—Hebr. plural פִּילָאוֹת. Tanchuma the passage cited הושיב שומרים על פתחי פ׳ (not פתח) he placed guards at all entrances. ↗ original
פִּילְיָאPilia. Vayikra Rabbah section 24 יודן בר פ׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 14ᵇ בן פילה; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 101 פִּלְיָיא edition Buber edition (other edition שילא, correct accordingly). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 5, beginning 35ᵈ פליא Friedman M’bo, p. 95ᵇ (edition Krot. פדיא). ↗ original
פילכיה , Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 4, 24ᵃ bottom of the page, see פִּיוְולָא↗ original
פִּילֵס (פְּלַס; compare פּוּלְסָא) a circular disk, plate, used as a weight. Targum I Samuel 30, 12 (Hebrew text פלח). Targum Ezekiel 4, 10 (Hebrew text שקל).—Bava Metzia 47ᵇ פִּילְסָא, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see פּוּלְסָא. ↗ original
פילסונו , Bereshith Rabbah section 60 הוא פ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), edition הוא ופלסונו; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 109 הוא ופלסטינו, a corruption;—perh. to be read: הוא ופַלָּטִינוֹ (palatinus) he and his chamberlain (the guardian angel accompanying him). ↗ original
פִּילָקִי (φυλακή) prison. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana U’lkaḥ., p. 182ᵃ איתייהב בפ׳ was put in prison; Vayikra Rabbah section 30 איתחבש בפ׳. Shemoth Rabbah section 15 נתנה בפ׳ he put her in prison. Shemoth Rabbah section 30, see בָּעַט 2; and frequently—Vayikra Rabbah section 34 חבשתינון בסלקי (correct accordingly).—plural פִּילָקִיוֹת, פִּלָ׳. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Vayhi, p. 67ᵃ; Pesikta Rabbati section 17. Pesikta Rabbati section 42 (referring to Esther 2, 18, והנחה) פיתח הפ׳ he opened the prisons. ↗ original
פִּילְקִין (πέλεκυς) axe. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 78, 47 כפ׳ היה יורד הברד וכ׳ (not בפ׳) the hail came down like an axe (or axes, plural) and cut all the trees; Shemoth Rabbah section 12; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 105, 33 כפילקיס הזה; Tanchuma Vaëra 14 בפלכין; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 820 בפיקלין (correct accordingly). ↗ original
פִּינָּהturn, movement.—plural פִּינּוֹת (פּוֹנוֹת). Yoma 58ᵇ כל פי׳ שאתה פונה וכ׳ (Munich manuscript 2 פנות; Oxford manuscript פו׳) all the turns you make (in the Temple) must be towards the right; the same place (ibid.) 15ᵇ (Munich manuscript פו׳); Zevachim 62ᵇ (Munich manuscript פו׳); Sotah 15ᵇ פו׳; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 446 פְּנִיּוֹת; and elsewhere—[With the exception of Sotah the passage cited our editions read פינות]. corner. Shemoth Rabbah section 37, beginning (referring to Zechariah 10, 4) ממנו פ׳ זה וכ׳ ‘from him (Israel) the cornerstone is taken’, this refers to King David (with referring to Psalms 18, 22). Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 28 שלש מידות … אבן פ׳ וכ׳ there are three qualities of scholars, a hewn stone (seated in the wall), a corner stone etc.; אבן פ׳ שיש לו שתי פיות וכ׳ (one versed in Midrash and Halakhah) is a corner stone which has two faces only.—plural as ab. Middoth 1, 1 על ארבע (פִּינּוֹתֶיהָ) פִּינּוֹתָיו in its four corners. Eruvin 11ᵃ, see פֵּאָה. ↗ original
פִּינּוּי (פָּנָה) emptying, clearing. Nega'im 12, 5; Sifra M’tsorʿa, Nega'im, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 3, Parah 5 (referring to Leviticus 14, 36) עסק הוא לפ׳ is the clearing of the house such important business?; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 566. the same place (ibid.) בכהן הצווי ופ׳ בכל אדם the order must be issued by the priest, but the clearing may be done by anybody; and elsewhere ↗ original
פִּינּוּכָא (פְּנַךְ) driving, speeding. Targum Judges 5, 22. ↗ original
פִּינוֹלֵס (φαινόλης, φαιλόνης S. = pænula) a travelling cloak, pænula. Treatise Tsitsith (edition Kirchh. p. 22) פילגס (correct accordingly; Sifré Deuteronomy 234 תכלא; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 933 תיכלא, probably to be read: פִּינוּלָא). Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 10, end, 42ᵇ מהו להתיר בפלונס (not ם …) is it permitted to act as judge in absolving from vows wrapped in a pænula (in place of a Tallith)?; Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 1, 76ᵈ top פלנים (correct accordingly).—plural פִּינוֹלִין, פִּילוֹנִין. Echah Rabbah to 2, 2 מוכרי פילינין Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) פילינון, correct accordingly; edition מוכרי טהרות) sellers of pænulæ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 69ᵃ bottom of the page אורגי פלגס (correct accordingly) weavers of material for pænulæ.—Tosefta Kelim Bava Bathra 5, 11 פמליאות, פימ׳ (Rabbenu Shimshon to Kelim 28, 8 פמילאות) read: פִּינוֹלָאוֹת. ↗ original
פִּינוֹן (πῖλος, pilleum; נ for ל, compare לוּמָּא) felt; מנעלות הפ׳ felt-shoes. Kilayim 9, 7. ↗ original
פינוסות , Tosefta Bava Bathra 6, 3, and the following, see פִּיטּוּס↗ original
פינוסין , Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 9, 2 בפ׳, edition Buber edition בפיטסין, read: בפִיסְטִין. ↗ original
פִּינּוּקָא (פְּנַק) treating too tenderly, spoiling. Targum Proverbs 19, 10 (Hebrew text תענוג). ↗ original
פִּינִיתָא = Hebrew פִּינָּה, street-corner. Targum Proverbs 7, 8, see עֵינוּתָא. the same place (ibid.) 12. ↗ original
פִּינָךְ (πίναξ) dish, plate. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 11, 30ᶜ top פ׳ דסולת a dish of fine flour. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, 6ᵇ top of the page Chullin 111ᵇ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition pr. פִּינְקָא). Taanith 24ᵇ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פינקא); and elsewhere—plural פִּינָכֵי. Pesachim 49ᵃ מלחיך פ׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) variant reading פִּינָקֵי), see לְחַךְ. ↗ original
פִּינָס (a corruption of פִּינוֹלֵס which see) travelling cloak. Bereshith Rabbah section 84 (referring to ויפשיטו, Genesis 37, 23) זה הפ׳ this refers to his cloak; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 142. the same place (ibid.) 133 עד שמכר פ׳ שלו when he was compelled to sell his travelling cloak; (Yalkut Shimoni Genesis section 78 הסוס שלו). ↗ original
*פינסור , Tanchuma Shof’ṭim 10 והיה הפ׳ שלה עומד וכ׳, a corruption, read: הקוּסְטוֹס or הקוּסְטוֹד (custos, -odis) the guard of the fort stood at the entrance, and when he entered and saw them etc.; see קוּסְטוּדְיָא. ↗ original
פִּינְקֵס common gender (πίναξ) board, tablet, especially (πίνακες) the folded writing tablets; register, list. Shabbath 12, 4, see לוּחַ 2. the same place (ibid.) 5 על שני דפי פ׳ on two boards of a pinax (Rashi: two columns on one tablet). Niddah 30ᵇ the embryo in the womb דומה לפ׳ שמקופל resembles in position a folded pinax. Bereshith Rabbah section 69 (referring to Genesis 28, 13) קפלה כפ׳ ונתנה וכ׳ he (the Lord) folded it (the land) like a pinax and placed it under his (Jacob’s) head; and frequently—Esp. the merchant’s accounts, book. Avoth 3, 16 הפ׳ פתוח והיד וכ׳ the book of (God’s) accounts lies open, and the hand writes, and whosoever wishes to borrow may come and borrow etc. Shevuoth 7, 1 החנוני על פִּינַקְסוֹ Yerushalmi (prefix) edition (Mishnah a. Babylonian edition פנ׳), see חֶנְוָונִי. the same place (ibid.) כתוב בפִינַקְסִי וכ׳ Yerushalmi (prefix) edition (Mishnah a. Babylonian על פנ׳) it is written in my book that thou owest me etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 1, 36ᵈ פינקסו נפתחת his account book is open (his sins will be visited); the same place (ibid.) פינקסתו (correct accordingly). Bereshith Rabbah section 81, see בָּקַר; and frequently—plural פִּינַקְסִין, פִּינַקְסָאוֹת, פִּינַקְסָיוֹת, פִּנַ׳. Kelim 24, 7, see אִפּוֹפּוֹדִין. Bereshith Rabbah section 1 דיפתראות ופ׳ יש לו he (the builder) has before him rolls and tablets (plans and descriptions). Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 1, 57ᵃ bottom of the page שלש פ׳ וכ׳ there are three books (before the Lord), one for the perfectly righteous etc. (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 16ᵇ ספרים); and elsewhere ↗ original
פִּינְקֵס ² Targum Ezekiel 9, 2, and the following (Hebrew text קסת). Targum 2 Esther 4, 1 ופִינְקְסֵיה; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 5, end, 7ᶜ, see גִּימוֹן. the same place (ibid.) 12, end, 13ᵈ מאן דאמר חוקק כגון ההן פ׳ he who says the term כתב applies also to engraving, means engraving like that on the wax-covered tablet, opposite בולט. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 4, 55ᵇ bottom of the page I saw in my dream לביש חד פ׳ וכ׳ (דהוינא) that I was covered with a pinax of twelve tablets; Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 רבתי דהוינא טעין חד פ׳ וכ׳ (חד כות׳) that I was carrying a pinax etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 2, 49ᵈ bottom of the page אשכחון כתיב בפִינַקְסֵיה וכ׳ (not כתב) they found written in a memorandum of etc.; and elsewhere—plural פִּינַקְסִין, construct state פִּינְקְסֵי, פִּנָ׳. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 39, 11. ↗ original
פִּיס (compare פָּסַס) to split, divide, distribute. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֵפִיסto penetrate, (compare בָּדַק); to cause abdominal trouble. Pesachim 107ᵃ מִיסְרָן ומֵפִיס this drink is a tempter and then gives pain (Munich manuscript ומֵיפֵיס; Oxford manuscript מייסרן ומיפיס, see פָּסַס; edition ומפייס, see below).—[מפיס מורסא, see פָּסַס.] to break a person’s anger or will, to pacify, persuade, comfort. Shevuoth 45ᵃ כדי להָפִיס דעתו וכ׳ in order to satisfy the mind of the employer (to convince him that he was mistaken). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 8, 38ᵈ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 3, 21ᶜ bottom of the page מצוה להֲפִיסוֹ it is proper to give him (the owner of the lost animal) satisfaction (by stating the cause of the loss); see Pi'el—Avodah Zarah 71ᵃ צא והָפֵס עלי מנת המלך go and satisfy for me the royal taxes (settle for me as best you can), see מְנָת. to arbitrate, decide (compare פָּסַק). Shabbath 33ᵃ מי מֵפִיס who will decide (as to the cause of my disease)? the same place (ibid.) 54ᵃ מי מפיס וכ׳ who will decide which udders are tied up for the purpose of drying them up and which for the purpose of preserving the milk?—Esp. to decide by chance, by drawing lots, counting a certain number etc. (see פַּיִיס). Tamid 1, 2 מי שטבל יבוא ויָפִיס let those who have bathed, come and take part in the count of chance; הֵפִיסוּ זכה וכ׳ after they have drawn, he who has won, has won (no appeal is permitted). Yoma 24ᵇ למה מְפִיסִין וחוזרין וכ׳ why did they draw once and again (why not at once for all the functions to be distributed)? the same place (ibid.) במה מפיסין (Rashi: מפייסין) what garments do they wear when drawing? Bereshith Rabbah section 84 (play on פסים, Genesis 37, 23) שהפיסו עליה וכ׳ they drew lots about it (the coat) as to who should carry it to his father etc. Shabbath 23, 2 (148ᵇ) מפיס (אדם) עם וכ׳ a man may decide by lot (on the Sabbath) the shares of honor at the table etc.; the same place (ibid.) 149ᵇ; and elsewhere Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּיֵּיסto pacify, conciliate, persuade. Pesachim the passage cited מְיַסְּרָן ומְפַיֵּיס (that drink) chastises us (gives us pain), and yet is so persuasive (tempting). Berachoth 28ᵇ אני יכול לפַיְּיסוֹ בדברים וכ׳ I might appease him with words or bribe him with money. Bava Bathra 9ᵇ כל הנותן … והמְפַיְּיסוֹ בדברים וכ׳ he who gives a poor man a coin will be blessed with six blessings, but he who speaks kindly to him, will be blessed with eleven blessings. Bereshith Rabbah section 93, end כשם שלא פ׳ … אלא וכ׳ as Joseph pacified his brothers only by weeping etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin the passage cited מצוה להפיסו … ואינו מְפַיְּיסוֹ על שקר it is right to satisfy his mind by stating the truth, but one must not do so by a falsehood; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth the passage cited מפייסו … אינו מפייסו וכ׳. Vayikra Rabbah section 19, end נלך ונְפַיֵּיס לגדלת, see גַּדֶּלֶת; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 94, end ופייליה, read: ופִיְּיסוּהוּ and they appeased him (Nebuchadnezzar).—participle passive מְפוּיָּיס. Shemoth Rabbah section 51 הריני מפ׳ שמחלת וכ׳ I am convinced that thou hast forgiven Israel. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְפַּיֵּיס,Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְפַּיֵּיסto be appeased, satisfied, persuaded. the same place (ibid.) אותה שעה נֵתְפַּיְּיסוּ … על וכ׳ now all Israelites were satisfied with regard to the work of the Tabernacle (that everything was correct). Berachoth 33ᵃ נתפ׳ אותו השר that prince’s anger was appeased. Pesikta Rabbati section 10 הרי הגורן בא והכל מִתְפַּיְּיסִים בשביל וכ׳ when harvesting time comes, all (that now are disputing) will be convinced for whose sake the field has been sown. Yoma 86ᵇ ספק מִתְפַּיֵּיס הימנו וכ׳ it is doubtful whether he will or will not accept his apology; ספק מתפייס בדברים וכ׳ it is doubtful whether he will be appeased by mere words (without demanding a fine or public satisfaction) etc.; and frequently ↗ original
פִּיס ²to distribute, see פְּסַס. to break, desecrate, see below. Af'el הִפְעִיל אָפֵיס , (אַפֵּיס) to break, weaken; to desecrate. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 15, 31 (Hebrew text הפר). Targum Hosea 4, 9 (edition Vilna edition אֲפִיס Pe.). the same place (ibid.) לַאֲפָסָא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 19, 8 (Hebrew text חלל). the same place (ibid.) 21, 8 תַפְסִינֵיה (frequently פסי). the same place (ibid.) 6 יַפְסוּן (edition Vienna edition, a. Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 יִפְסוּן, Pe.). Targum Job 15, 4 תָּפֵישׂ (edition Vilna edition תָּפֵשׁ, correct accordingly; Hebrew text תפר). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 25, 1 לאוֹפָסָא (compare אוֹקִים frequently קוּם). Targum Psalms 53, 1 מַפְסִין (some edition מְפַסִּיןPa'el, frequently פסי); and frequently—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 23, 18 תִפְסוּן edition Amsterdam edition (edition Vienna edition תספון, correct accordingly).—participle passive feminine מַפְסָה. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Leviticus 21, 7 (Hebrew text חללה).—5. פְּסַס. Pa'el פִּעֵל פַּיֵּיס (with (with ב־) [to split, drive into, see פְּצַר,] to press, urge. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 19, 3 (Hebrew text ויפצר). to break a man’s vehemence; to quiet, appease, reconcile, persuade, pray. Targum Esther 8, 3 ופַיְיסַת ליה (Hebrew text ותתחנן). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 42, 21; and elsewhere—Chullin 95ᵃ top אי הוות פַּיְיסַת מינאי וכ׳ if thou hadst asked my pardon (made peace with me) etc. the same place (ibid.) 94ᵃ [read:] פַּיְּיסֵיה למבורין secure the good will of our ferryman (make him a present); פייסיה ואיקפד he offered him a present, and he (the ferryman) became angry. Yoma 87ᵃ איזיל אנא לפַיּוּסֵי ליה I will go and make peace with him. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 11, 30ᶜ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᵈ top פייסיה עלי make him (the idol) favorably disposed towards me. Taanith 24ᵃ ומְפַיַּיסְנָא ליה וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition ומְפַיְּיסִינָן) and I persuade him (the pupil), until he comes and reads. Megillah 12ᵃ דבני מאתיה … מפייס להו for, as to the residents of his own place, he can win their favor, whenever he wants; and frequently—participle passive מְפַיַּיס; feminine מְפַיְּיסָא; plural מְפַיְּיסִין; מְפַיְּיסָן. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 41ᵈ bottom of the page ישכח אפין מפייסן (not מפייסא) he may find a friendly face (a well-disposed judge). Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִיתְּפִיס, אִיתְּפֵסto be broken, degraded. Targum Job 15, 20 מִתְּפִיס (edition Lagarde edition מתפס; edition Vilna edition מִתַּפֵּס, Ithpaal of פסס or of תְּפַס 2; Hebrew text מתחולל).—[Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 23, 18 יִתְפַּס edition Amsterdam edition, see תְּפַס 2.] to be appeased; to yield. Targum Proverbs 6, 35 (Hebrew text יאבה). Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְפַּיֵּיס, אִיפַּ׳same. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 34, 15 (Hebrew text נאות). the same place (ibid.) 22; and elsewhere (see טְפַס).—Yoma 23ᵃ דמפייסו ליה ומִיפַּיֵּיס when they ask his pardon, and he is appeased (forgives). Bamidbar Rabbah section 5, end מאן פייסך דאִיפַּיְּיסַת who asked thy pardon, that thou wast appeased?; Sotah 35ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original
פִּיסָא (the preceding) = Hebrew פַּיָּיסlump of brittle stone. Sanhedrin 64ᵃ שקל פ׳ שדא ביה he took up a lump and threw it at it (the idolatrous statue). Makkoth 8ᵃ; and elsewhere = Hebrew פַּיִיס, see פְּיָיסָא↗ original
פִּיסּוּל (פָּסַל) cutting off dry twigs, trimming. Shevi'ith 2, 3 כפִיסּוּלָהּ של חמישית the trimming as it is done in the fifth year, contradistinguished to זֵירוּד. the same place (ibid.) כל זמן … רשאי אני בפִסּוּלוֹ as long as I am permitted to do what is necessary to cultivate the tree, I am also permitted to trim it; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 33ᵈ אני רשאי בפיסולו עד העצרת ‘I am permitted to trim it’, that means up to the festival of Shabuoth.—plural פִּיסּוּלִים, פִּיסּוּלִין, פִּסּ׳chiselled (millstones). Chullin 88ᵇ, see נִקְרָה. ↗ original
פִּיסוֹן (פִּיס, see פִּיסָא) mortar-maker, mason.—plural פִּיסוֹנוֹת. Kelim 20, 2. ↗ original
פִּיסּוּק (פָּסַק) separation, interruption, pause. Zevachim 53ᵇ פ׳ ארבע מתנות Rashi a. Manuscript Rome (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 60; edition וארבע) four separate manipulations (with pauses between them), see מַתָּנָה; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 441. פ׳ טַעֲמִים (or supply (understood word) טעמים; see טַעַם) the division of words into clauses in accordance with the sense, punctuation. Nedarim 37ᵃ שכר פ׳ (ט׳) remuneration for teaching the values of punctuation signs or accents, see פֶּסֶק. setting a price on fruits before they are harvested. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 5, 10ᶜ bottom of the page בפ׳ איתפלגון they differ as to permission to fix the price etc., opposite to מלוה. the same place (ibid.) אבל בפונדק (correct accordingly). פ׳ רַגְלַיִם spreading the feet. Kethuboth 39ᵇ צער של פ׳ הר׳ the pain caused by forcing her feet apart (referring to Ezekiel 16, 25 ותפשקי). ↗ original
פִּיסְטִין (πίστις) trust. Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 672 נוטלין … ופורעין בפ׳ they borrow from one another in trust (without witnesses or note) and pay in trust; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 19 בפינוסין, edition Buber edition בפטסין (correct accordingly).—Esp. שטר פ׳a deed of trust, an instrument by which property is conveyed to a person in trust (fideicommissum) to use it in a certain way; a feigned sale or donation (for the purpose of eluding creditors etc.). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 2, 26ᵇ bottom of the page נאמנין … ושטר פ׳ הוא (not פוסיטים, פיסיטים) witnesses (signed on an instrument) are credited when they say, it was a deed of trust (see אֲמָנָה), or it was a feigned transfer. the same place (ibid.) (referring to Job 11, 14) ‘if there be wrong in thy house, remove it’, this means a deed etc.; Babylonian Kethuboth 19ᵇ פסים, (read with Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פָּסִיס which see). the same place (ibid.) 79ᵃ הרוצה … כותבת שטר פסים לאחרים if a woman desires to withhold her property from her husband’s control, she may write out a deed of trust (a feigned transfer) to a third person (prior to her marriage); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 9, 2 כותבן שטר פטים לאחר edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading בטפיח, כותבתן בטפוס, correct accordingly). Bava Bathra 154ᵇ אם אמר שטר פסים הוא זה (Manuscript Hamburg פיס) if he says, it was a feigned sale (you persuaded me to a nominal sale in order to make people believe that you are a man of means). ↗ original
פִּיסְטַלְיוֹת (an adapt. of ἐπιστύλια, as if a reduplic. of פָּסַל) lintels on the top of a pillar, epistyles. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 1, 52ᵃ bottom of the page [read:] ארבעה עמודים ועליהם ארבע פ׳ (Musafia אפיס׳) four columns and on top of them four epistyles (extending beyond the columns); Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 1, 19ᶜ פִּצְטַלְיוֹת. ↗ original
פִּיסְטְקִין (πιστάκια) pistachio-nuts. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 1, 27ᵃ bottom of the page (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פסתקין), see בּוּטְמָא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 1, 48ᵈ bottom of the page איפסט׳ (see אַפִּסְטְקִין; Tosefta Maasroth 1, 1 הפרסקין (correct accordingly).—5. פִּיסְתְּקָא. ↗ original
פִּיסִּים (פָּסַס, see פַּס 2) [distributions, compare Lat. tributum,] taxes, especially pissim, pissin, name of a Roman tax laid on the community and distributed by the latter according to assessments (see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Vectigalia). Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 1, 15ᵇ bottom of the page (referring to Proverbs 3, 26) אם נתת … משמרך מן הפ׳ וכ׳ if thou givest charity out of thy pocket (voluntarily), the Lord will guard thee from tributes, fines etc.; Bereshith Rabbah section 1. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 4, 44ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 4, 35ᵇ אתם מגלגלין עלינו פ׳ וזימיות וכ׳ you impose upon us tributes and fines etc. Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 312 משתעבדין … בפ׳ ובהוניות וכ׳ are oppressed by tributes, confiscations etc.; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Baḥod. p. 151ᵃ במסים (correct accordingly); and frequently ↗ original
פִּיסָּק (פָּסַק) interruption.—plural פִּיסְּקִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 3, 47ᵇ bottom of the page לשתותן בפ׳ to drink them (the four cups) at intervals, see פָּסַק. slope or embankment by the roadside.—plural as ab. Tosefta Eruvin X (7), 2 ההרים והפ׳ וכ׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (other edition החרים והפסקן; El. Vilna edition emends פסקנין) hills, slopes, or a ship by the side of a public road (see Tosefta Shabbath X (11), 4). ↗ original
פִּיסְקוֹן (פָּסַק) Pisḳon (Arguer), surname of the angel Gabriel. Sanhedrin 44ᵇ, see פָּסַק.—Fem. פִּסְקוֹנִית. the same place (ibid.) רוח פ׳ (Rashi: פִּסְקָנִית) the arguing spirit (Gabriel). Tanchuma V’zoth 6. ↗ original
פִּיסְקִינוֹת (piscina) fish-ponds, in gen. ponds, reservoirs. Koheleth Rabbah to 2, 6 (explained ברכות מים the same place (ibid.)) פי׳ (not פו סקינוס); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 967 פיסקניות (correct accordingly).—[5., however, פְּסֵיקָה.] ↗ original
פִּיסְקְתָא (פְּסַק) a small share, portion. Bava Bathra 151ᵃ פ׳ דפרדיסא (Manuscript Florence פְּסִיקְתָּא) a small portion of an orchard. ↗ original
פִּיסְּתָא = פַּסָּא, פִּיסַּת ידא the hand up to the wrist; פ׳ כף רגלאthe foot up to the ankle. Targum I Kings 18, 44; and elsewhere—Yevamoth 115ᵃ פ׳ דידא וכ׳ (see) the hand that lies here (of the remains of the burned husband); and elsewhere—plural פִּיסָּתָא, construct state פִּיסַּת, פִּסַּת. Targum I Samuel 5, 4. Targum Esther 8, 10. piece, especially bread (see פִּיתָּא). Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 6, 10ᵇ bottom of the page בגין דאנא אכל פִּיסְּתִי … דהדין פסא וכ׳ when I eat my bread and, not knowing how to say grace, I say, blessed be he who has created this piece etc. (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 40ᵇ מריה דהאי פיתא). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, end, 10ᵈ קופדה משלים לפ׳ פ׳ וכ׳ meat may serve as a complement to bread (to complete the legal size), but bread cannot serve as a complement to meat. Tanchuma Ekeb 7, see לִפְתּוּתָא.—plural פִּיסָּתָאcrumbs. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 6, 33ᶜ צריך מבערה פ׳ must remove the crumbs. ↗ original
פִּיסְתְּקָא (see פִּיסְטְקִין) pistachio-nut. Gittin 59ᵃ כפ׳ ופלגיה דפ׳ (not ופלגי) compressed to the size respectively of a pistachio-nut and half a pistachio-nut (Rashi: acorn). plural פִּיסְתְּקִין, פִּיסְתְּקַיָּה, פִּסְ׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 1, 27ᵃ bottom of the page Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see פִּיסְטְקִין. the same place (ibid.) 27ᵇ הוה משקי פ׳ בשביל למתקן (not פרסתקי׳ … למתקה) put pistachio-nuts in boiled wine to sweeten them. ↗ original
פִּיעוּר (פָּער) uncovering one’s self, obscene worship of the idol Peor. Sanhedrin 106ᵃ; Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 771 פעור. 5. פְּעִירָה. ↗ original
פִּיף (apocop. reduplic. of פֶּה; compare פִּיפִיּוֹת) fringe, knotted to the border. Kilayim 9, 9 פ׳ של צמר וכ׳ (Mishnah edition פיו, correct accordingly; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 10) it is forbidden to attach woolen and linen fringes (to a garment), because they may be mixed up with the web; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 32ᵈ.—Transferred knots surrounding the anus. Tosefta Mikvaoth 7 (8), 10 בפ׳ או ביציאה edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (other edition בסוף או בצואה, read בפיף). ↗ original
פִּיפָה Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᵃ top, see נֵבֶל Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original
פֵּיפוּר (= פרפור; פָּרַר; compare אַפִּיפְיָירוֹת) trellis. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 6, 30ᶜ אם … לפסע בין פ׳ לפ׳ וכ׳ if he is in the habit of stepping from one trellis to the other (in one step), they are considered (for purposes of mixed seeds, כִּלְאַיִם) as one espalier; [Levy quotes פִּיפְיוֹר.]—plural feminine פִּיפָרוֹת. the same place (ibid.) (Levy quotes פִּיפְיָרוֹת]. ↗ original
פֵּיפוּרָא (the preceding) decorative frame.—plural פֵּיפוּרַיָּיא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 26, 3 (not רְיָיא …). ↗ original
פיפורין , Bereshith Rabbah section 74, end והעביר פ׳ מעליו, read: פּוּרְפּוּרִין; (Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 147 פּוּרְפִּירָא; some edition פורפריא). ↗ original
פִּיפְיוֹרָא (the preceding words; compare פּוּרְיָא) royal litter. Avodah Zarah 11ᵃ [read:] ניפרא נקיט נורא קמי פ׳ אפיפיורא לדוכסא דוכסא וכ׳ the torchbearer carries the light in front of the litter, the chief lecticarius (behind the litter, carries the light) for the dux, the dux for the hegemon, the hegemon for the comes; does the comes carry the light before the people (that follow the procession)?—[5. Sachs Sachs, Beitrage 2, p. 111 on the custom of carrying fire.] ↗ original
פִּיפָנִי (Ἐπιφάνεια) Epiphania, a city of Syria. Bereshith Rabbah section 37 (explained החמתי, Genesis 10, 18; Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 1, 2 ad loc. (on the passage) אנטכואי, אנטוכיא). ↗ original
פִּיצּוּלַיָּא (פְּצַל) shrivelled fruit, especially grapes which fell in an unripe state and were put in the sun to ripen (compare פַּצְעִילִין). Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 4, 62ᵇ bottom of the page באילין פ׳ הוה עובדא the question turned on the sun-dried grapes; Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 1, end, 49ᵇ באילין פצולי אילין הוה וכ׳ (correct accordingly). ↗ original
פִּיצְעָא = Hebrew פֶּצַע, wound.—plural פִּיצְעִין, פִּצְ׳. Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 8 עד דאיתמלאון פִּיצְעֵי פ׳ until their heads were full of wounds. ↗ original
פִּיצְּתָא (פְּצַץ or פוץto split, break; compare פִּיסָא) arbitration, lot, share. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 32, 8, and the following (not ציפתא). the same place (ibid.) 4, 34. Targum Proverbs 18, 18 (edition Vilna edition פִּצְתָּא). Targum Psalms 125, 3; and frequently ↗ original
פִּיקָא (פקק; compare פְּקַעַת) lump, ball, swelling, especially protruding cartilage. Chullin 10, 4 (134ᵇ) פ׳ של גרגרת thyroid cartilage; Nega'im 10, 9. the same place (ibid.) 10 פ׳ של צואר the protruding cartilage of the neck; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4, 12 פ׳ של פירקא. Bechoroth 7, 6 (45ᵃ) פ׳ יוצאה מגודלו (not יצא) one that has a lump on his thumb; and frequently a protuberance on the blossom end of fruits, see פִּיטְמָא 2. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 3, 53ᵈ פיקא. spinner’s coil. Oholoth 7, 4 עד שיעגילו ראש כפ׳ until the embryos (on leaving the vagina) form a round head like a coil; explained Bechoroth 22ᵃ כפ׳ של צמר like a coil of wool. the same place (ibid.); Tosefta Oholoth 8, 8 פ׳ של שתי the coil containing the warp; פ׳ של ערב containing the woof. Bechoroth the passage cited נראית פ׳ מתוך פ׳ it has the appearance of a coil coming forth out of a coil, see טְפִיפִית. (של כוש) פ׳ whorl. Kelim 11, 6. Parah 12, 8; and elsewhere coil or tuft used as a stopper (see פָּקַק). Kelim 17, 12.—plural פִּיקִין; פִּיקוֹת. Bechoroth 45ᵃ בעל הפיקין (not הקיפין) one afflicted with lumps; (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) variant reading הפיקס; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word כסת: הפִּיקָן; Mishnah the same place (ibid.) 7, 6 בעל פיקה; Talmud edition 45ᵃ הפיקום, Rashi: הפיקין). the same place (ibid.) 22ᵃ שלש פ׳ שמעתי וכ׳ I learned of three sizes of coils, one of the warp, one of the woof, and one large coil, that of the sack-weavers; Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 7, 1, see סַקָּי I. Vayikra Rabbah section 14 פ׳ פ׳ coils upon coils (in the abdomen). Tosefta Oholoth 13, 5, see לָבַשׁ; and elsewhere ↗ original
פִּיקָא ² (פוק) = Biblical Hebrew פּוּקָה, gliding, sinking. Shabbath 147ᵇ משום פ׳ on account of sinking in the clay-soil (פִּילוֹמָא, which makes walking a labor; Rashi: he might stain his garments when sinking in the muddy soil, and then wring them out).—Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 7 (8), 21 מבעיתין לעוית ולפ׳ וכ׳ (variant reading ולפוקה) you may shock a person in convulsions, or in an attack of vertigo, and it is not forbidden as a superstitious practice, see אֱמוֹרִי.—Yalkut Shimoni Esther 1054 מכניסין פ׳ בממונו וכ׳ they (the Jews) cause a sinking (decline) in the wealth of the world (Esther Rabbah to 3, 8 פַּחַת).—Sanhedrin 111ᵇ (referring to פקו, Isaiah 28, 7) אין פוקה אלא גהינם (Manuscript Karlsruhe פקו) ‘sinking’ means going to Gehenna. ↗ original
פִּיקָא ³Bar-Piḳa. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 9, 57ᵈ ↗ original
פִּיקּוּדcharge, trust. Bamidbar Rabbah section 1, end לא נמצא נאמן בפִיקּוּדוֹ (not נאה) was not found true to his charge. count, muster.—plural פִּיקּוּדִים, פִּקּ׳. Sotah 36ᵇ; Yoma 7, 1, and elsewhere חומש הפ׳ the Book of Numbers, see חוֹמֶשׁ. ↗ original
פִּיקּוּדָאcommand. Targum Psalms 19, 9. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 27, 26; and elsewhere—plural (masc.) פִּיקּוּדַיָּיא, פִּיקּ׳. Targum Psalms the passage cited Targum Deuteronomy 28, 1; and frequently muster, count.—plural as ab. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 1, 46ᵇ (referring to Exodus 30, 14) כל דעבר על פ׳ יתן all those who passed the mustering (Numbers I) shall give (half a Shekel, exempting the tribe of Levi, according to Numbers 1, 47). ↗ original
פִּיקּוּחַ (פָּקַח) removing debris; פ׳ נפשremoving a person from under debris, in gen. saving an endangered life. Kethuboth 5ᵃ מפקחין פ׳ נפש בשבת you must remove debris to save a life on the Sabbath. the same place (ibid.) 15ᵇ אין הולכין בפ׳ נ׳ אחר הרוב as to saving life (on the Sabbath), we do not judge by the majority of the residents of a place (whether the person in the ruins is or is not presumably a Jew); Yoma 84ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) 85ᵃ מנין לפ׳ נ׳ שדוחה וכ׳ whence is it proven that the duty of saving life supersedes the Sabbath laws? Kethuboth 19ᵃ אין לך דבר שעומד בפני פ׳ נ׳ וכ׳ there is nothing (no religious law) that stands before (must not yield to) the duty of saving life, except three things: idolatry, incest and bloodshed (which you dare not commit even to save your life); Yoma 82ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original
פִּיקּוּסָא , plural פִּיקּוּסִין, פִּיקּוּסַיָּא (see פָּקַס 2) removing the coils on the blossom end of gourds. Bava Metzia 88ᵇ עד דגמר לפִיקּוּסַיְּהוּ (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 80) until he has finished the entire work of removing etc.; מדמתחלן פיקוסייהו Munich manuscript (edition מכי אתחולי) when the removing work has been started. ↗ original
פִּיקָס (compare פִּיקָה I; φῦκος, fucus, of Semitic origin) [coil,] sea-weed or rock-lichen used as a dye; red color, rouge. Sifra M’tsorʿa, Nega'im, Parah 1 (referring to שני, Leviticus 14, 4) יכול פ׳ ת"ל תולעת from שני you might infer that you may use the dye from fucus, therefore tolaʿath is added (to indicate that it must be won from a worm, the snail); Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 559 פִּיקִים. the dried up blossoms of gourds. Bava Metzia 88ᵇ (explained משיפקסו, Maasroth 1, 5) משינטל פ׳ שלהן (Rashi to Betzah 13ᵇ פֶּקֶס) as soon as their blossoms are removed. lump. Bechoroth 45ᵃ variant reading Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see פִּיקָה I. ↗ original
פִּיקְעָא (פְּקַע) split, especially slits in the rectum. Avodah Zarah 28ᵃ and the following חש בפ׳ suffered from slits. the same place (ibid.) ליתי … ולינח פ׳ להדי פ׳ let him get the kernel of a bramble fruit and place its split (wedge-shaped) side against the slit. the same place (ibid.) פ׳ עילאה slits in the upper part of the rectum, פ׳ תיתאה in the lower participle ↗ original
פִּיקְעִין = Hebrew פַּקּוּעוֹת, Coloquintidas, Bitter-Apples (see Löw, Low, Aramaische Pflanzennamen, Leipzig 1881, p. 332, and the following). Targum 2 Kings 4, 39. ↗ original
פִּיר (פָּרַר) rubble, loose ground; quarry (compare German Bruch). Nedarim 81ᵇ; Kethuboth 71ᵇ לא מצינו שועל שמת בעפר פ׳ it does not occur that a fox dies in the dust of rubble, i.e. you do not feel the absence of comforts to which you are not used; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 7, 31ᵇ אין שועל עפר פרין מת (read: מת בעפר פֵּרִין; plural of פֵּר). Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 79ᵇ פ׳ של גפרית a sulphur quarry. ↗ original
פֵּירָא 1 , ditch, pit, cavity. Taanith 24ᵃ, see כַּוְורָא. Kiddushin 72ᵃ, see קְפֵי. Eruvin 26ᵃ פ׳ דבי תורי pit (dumping ground) where offal of dates is deposited on which cattle feeds; the same place (ibid.) 60ᵃ. Bava Bathra 11ᵃ, see סוּפְלֵי. Kethuboth 79ᵃ, see next word—plural פֵּירִי. Gittin 60ᵇ קא יבשי פֵּירָין our ditches will dry out. ↗ original
פֵּירָא 2 = Hebrew פֶּרִי, fruit, crop. Bava Bathra 36ᵇ פ׳ רבא the large crop (of grain); פ׳ זוטא the small crop (of vegetables etc.). Sukkah 31ᵇ לא גמר פ׳ the fruit (Ethrog) is not ripe. Berachoth 39ᵃ פ׳ עדיף fruit (vegetable) has the preference (over meat, for the purposes of benediction); and frequently—Transferred fruition, usufruct. Kethuboth 79ᵃ זרדתא … אמרי לה פ׳ some say the right of felling service-trees or fishing in a pond comes under the category of usufruct, opposite קרנא property (which the heir may sell). the same place (ibid.)ᵇ פ׳ תקינו … פ׳ דפ׳ וכ׳ the Rabbis allowed the husband the usufruct (the births of the animals belonging to his wife), but not the fruition of the usufruct (e.g. the fine which the thief has to pay for stealing the calf). the same place (ibid.) עיילא ליה גלימא פ׳ הוי וכ׳ if she brought in a cloak, he has the use of it, he may cover himself with it, until it is worn out; and frequently—plural פֵּירֵי, פֵּירִין, פֵּר׳. Targum Genesis 1, 11, and the following Targum Proverbs 8, 19 פִּרְיַי; and frequently—Shevuoth 48ᵃ פ׳ עבידי דמרקבי fruits are liable to rot; and frequently ↗ original
פֵּירוּזפ׳ אנדרפטא name of a bird, see אִנְדְרַפְטָא. Peruz, name of a (wicked) man. Chullin 62ᵇ ↗ original
פִּירוֹזָג (Pers. fayrûzah, Arab, fayruzaǵ, Fleisher, appendix to Levys Targumic or Talmudic Lexicon to Levy Targum Dictionary 2, 574ᵇ) turquois. Targum Song of Songs 5, 14 edition Lagarde edition (other edition פְּרוֹזָג). ↗ original
פֵּירוּי (פָּרָה) fruitfulness, plenty. Esther Rabbah end. ↗ original
פֵּירוּכָא common gender (פְּרַךְ 1) broken corn, grist(Hebrew . Targum Onkelos Leviticus 2, 16 (edition Berlin edition גירס׳); and elsewhere—plural פֵּירוּכִין, פֵּירוּכַיָּיא, פֵּ־רוּכָן. Targum Onkelos a. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 14. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) the same place (ibid.) 16 פֵּירוּכְיָיהּ (edition Amsterdam edition פֵּירוּכַיָּיהּ; edition Vienna edition פִּירוּכַיָּיא). ↗ original
פֵּירוּק (פָּרַק) taking apart (of the Tabernacle), breaking up. Bamidbar Rabbah section 4 פֵּירוּקָן בשעת וכ׳ the taking apart on moving the articles of the Tabernacle took place in the same order as they were put up. Bamidbar Rabbah section 12, see עֲמִידָה; and elsewhere—plural פֵּירוּקִין, פֵּר׳. the same place (ibid.) Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 1, 38ᵇ, and the following; and elsewhere ↗ original
פֵּירוּקָא (פְּרַק) solution of a problem, reply, argument, opposite קושיא. Bava Kamma 117ᵃ האי קושיא … האי פ׳ והאי פ׳ such and such a problem and such and such a solution. Avodah Zarah 30ᵃ פ׳ לסכנתא (Rashi פֵּירוּקֵיplural) you offer argument where danger to life is concerned? and elsewhere—pluralפֵּירוּקֵי, פּר׳. Bava Metzia 84ᵃ ומפריקנא ליה … פ׳ and I gave him twenty-four answers. Horayoth 13ᵇ כתבי פ׳ ושדי they wrote down answers and cast them (into the schoolhouse); and elsewhere ↗ original
פֵּירוּר (פָּרַר) crumbling. Pesachim 28ᵃ (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) בעי פ׳ must be crumbled (before being thrown into the river). crumb.—plural פֵּירוּרִים, פֵּירוּרִין, פֵּר׳. Shabbath 21, 3 (143ᵃ). Menachoth 75ᵇ (referring to Leviticus 2, 6) יכול יעשינה פ׳ וכ׳ you might think, he must break it up into crumbs etc., see פְּתִיתָה; and frequently—Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 33 לא … עד שיֵעָשֶׂה לפנינו פ׳ פ׳ (edition Schechter שנעשה) we shall not cross the sea until it is broken into solid pieces before us; Tanchuma Beshallach 10 ונעשו המים פר׳; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 233 ונעשה פ׳ פ׳ (with referring to פוררת, Psalms 74, 13).—3) = פַּרְפֶּרֶת, nibblings, desert, delicacies. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 6, end, 10ᵈ, see פִּיתָּא. ↗ original
פֵּירוּרָא (the preceding) mush (made of crumbs), paste. Pesachim 42ᵇ פר׳ דאושכפי (Rashi: פיר׳) shoemaker’s paste. ↗ original
פֵּירוּשׁ (פָּרַשׁ) distinct expression, directness; explanation; commentary. Bava Bathra 52ᵃ וכולן … יעשה כפֵירוּשָׁן ואם לאו יעשה פ׳ לפירושן and as to all of them (a woman, a slave, or a minor), if they declared before dying, ‘these things belong to—’, he (the trustee) may do according to their explicit declaration, or else (having reasons to distrust their statements) he must make a commentary to their statement (explain the motive they may have had for telling a falsehood). the same place (ibid.) אי … עשה כפֵירוּשָׁה וכ׳ if you believe her to be trustworthy, do according to her explicit statement, if not, make a commentary etc. (find out the real state of affairs). Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 5, end, 47ᶜ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 5, end, 36ᵃ וסתמו לאו כפֵירוּשׁוֹ הוא is the silent lending of a untensil not equal to an explicit statement of the use to be made of it? Sanhedrin 87ᵃ, see עִיקָּר; and frequently—בפ׳ (also in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) distinctly, explicitly, directly. Chullin 95ᵃ, and frequently בפ׳ איתמר, see כְּלָלָא. Sanhedrin 7, 5 אמור מה ששמעת בפ׳ tell plainly now what thou hast heard (the blasphemer say, i.e. repeat without euphemistic disguise, see כִּינּוּי). Pesachim 13ᵃ בפ׳ אמרת לן you told us plainly. Shabbath 39ᵇ בפ׳ שמיע לך וכ׳ did you hear that tradition directly or only by implication?; and frequently—[In commentaries and glosses: פירוש, abbreviated or abbreviation פי׳, this means.] ↗ original
פֵּירוּשׁ ² , Chaldaic (Aramaic) same. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 27, 2. Targum Onkelos Numbers 30, 7 (Yerushalmi (prefix) פֵּירוּשֵׁי plural; Hebrew text מִבְטָא); the same place (ibid.) 9. Targum Psalms 31, 3 (Hebrew ארשת). Targum Song of Songs 5, 11. Targum Esther 10, 2 (Hebrew text פרשת).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 5, end, 47ᶜ הא בפ׳ לא but if the purpose be explicitly stated, you must not lend it (see the preceding; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 5, end, 36ᵃ במפרש). Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 4, beginning 14ᶜ כל הדין פ׳ הפרש וכ׳ (read אפרש) did R. Ḥ. … enter into such details (in explaining the Mishnah) to you? Avodah Zarah 4ᵃ ולא ידע … פ׳ דהאי פסוקא and he did not know how to explain that verse to us; and elsewhere—plural פֵּירוּשִׁין, construct state פֵּירוּשי, פֵּר׳, see above. ↗ original
פִּירְטָא (פְּרַט) detailed statement, inventory. Gittin 57ᵇ שדא פירטא בביתיה וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition שדר שטר פרטתא, Rashi פיר׳) he sent a document containing the inventory and disposal of his property to his house, and became a proselyte; see פִּיטְרָא 2; Sanhedrin 96ᵇ שדר פּוּרְטִיתָא לביתיה. ↗ original
פִּירָטָא (πειρατής, pirata) pirate.—plural פִּירָטִין. Shemoth Rabbah section 17, end ספינות של פ׳ (not טון …) pirate ships. Vayikra Rabbah section 25 beginning [read:] מתיירא אני … ובים מפני הפ׳ I am afraid of robbers on the high-way, and on sea of the pirates; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 615 וביום מפני אפרטין (correct accordingly). ↗ original
פִּירְכָא (פְּרַךְ 1) refutation, objection. Gittin 83ᵃ כולהו אית להו פ׳ … דלית ליה פ׳ to all of them objections may be raised, except the opinion of R. E. which is unobjectionable. Menachoth 66ᵃ חזי ליה פ׳ saw an objection to it. Bava Bathra 130ᵇ כי אתא … וחזיתו ביה פ׳ if a legal decision of mine comes before you, and you see in it something objectionable; and frequently—plural פִּירְכֵי, פִּרְ׳. Chullin 76ᵇ הדורי אפי׳; (Niddah 65ᵇ אפירכא), see הֲדַר. ↗ original
פִּירְכּוּס 1 (פִּרְכֵּס 1) painting, dyeing the hair; in a transferred sense giving a fraudulent appearance, deception. Bava Metzia 60ᵇ פ׳ דאדם מאי היא what is (in a legal sense) deception in selling a human being? (Answ. dyeing a slave’s hair). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, end, 9ᵈ יש פירק׳ בכלים (not כאוכלין) giving a deceptive appearance to garments is forbidden Kethuboth 17ᵃ לא פ׳ there is no paint (deception), see כּוֹחָל; Sanhedrin 14ᵃ פירכס (correct accordingly). ↗ original
פִּירְכּוּס 2 (פִּרְכֵּס 2) jerking motion, struggling, spasmodic movement, as a symptom of vitality. Chullin 38ᵃ הרי זה פ׳ these are symptoms of vitality (proving that the slaughtered animal was not on the point of dying a natural death). the same place (ibid.) פ׳ שאמרו בתחלת שחיטה the symptoms of vitality of which they speak refer to the beginning of the slaughtering active Avodah Zarah 16ᵃ חיה … בהמה דקה לפ׳ a large beast of chase is like a small domestic animal as regards the symptoms of vitality required at slaughtering; and elsewhere ↗ original
פִּירְכּוּסָא —plural פִּירְכּוּסֵי, פִּרְ׳. Bava Bathra 142ᵇ פרכס תלתא פ׳ it (the embryo in coming to light) made three spasmodic motions (and expired). ↗ original
פירנס , Bereshith Rabbah section 68 some edition, see פורנס↗ original
פִּירְסוּמֵי (פַּרְסֵם) uncovering. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 18, 6. divulging, betraying. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 19, 26 בפ׳ עניא (edition Amsterdam edition בפִירְסוֹמִי, correct accordingly) by betraying the presence of a poor man in her house (see Bereshith Rabbah section 51).—פרסומי ניסא, see פַּרְסֵם. ↗ original
פֵּירָעוֹן (פָּרַע) paying a debt, payment. Shevuoth 41ᵇ (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) פ׳ מעליא הוי it was a real payment of a debt (and not a mere deposit). Moed Katan 9ᵇ; Avodah Zarah 6ᵇ עכ"ום לענין פ׳ לעולם מיצר the gentile will always grieve over the payment of a debt (whereas the Jew is glad to have rid himself of an obligation). Bava Metzia 13ᵇ, and frequently חיישינן לפ׳ (in the case of a note of indebtedness being found) we apprehend that payment may have been made (and therefore it must not be returned to the creditor). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 10, end, 34ᵃ אל יהא לך פ׳ אלא מזה you shall be paid only from this (only this portion of my property is pledged). Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 2 מדה שיש בה פ׳; מדת פ׳ an act of benevolence with which a divine reward is connected. Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 180 קבל פ׳ מהקב"ה he received payment (was punished) at the hands of God; and frequently ↗ original
פִּירְצָא (פְּרַ׳) break, gap, perforation.—plural פִּירְצֵי. Shabbath 108ᵃ כיון דאית ביה פ׳ פ׳ because it (the skin of the plucked bird) is full of holes.—[פִּירְצִין, see פְּרִיצָא.] ↗ original
פִּירְקְתָא (פְּרַק) joint, especially פִּירְקַת צַוְרָא, פִּירְקַת קְדַלneck. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) a. O. Deuteronomy 33, 29 edition Berlin edition (other edition פְּרִיקֵי, פְּרִיקַת; Hebrew text במותימו). Targum Psalms 60, 10 edition Lagarde edition פו׳ (edition Vilna edition פִּרְ׳; Regia פְּרִיקַת). Targum Lamentations 5, 5 (Levita פרי׳). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 45, 14 (edition Vienna edition פרי׳). ↗ original
פִּירְשָׁא = Hebrew פֶּרֶשׁ, secretion. Chullin 116ᵇ חלב … פ׳ בעלמא הוא the milk in the stomach of a suckling animal is considered a mere secretion (no longer real milk). Bechoroth 7ᵇ פ׳ בעלמא הוא it is a mere secretion (a false membrane, no real skin); and elsewhere—plural פַּירְשַׁיָּיא, פִּרְ׳. Zevachim 85ᵃ ניקרבינהו בפִרְשַׁיְיהוּ shall the entrails be offered with the excrements in them? ↗ original
פִּירְשָׁעebony or box-wood. Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 2, 19 (Kelim 12, 8 אשכרוע). ↗ original
פִּישּׁוּט (פָּשַׁט) spreading, stretching forth. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 4, end, 44ᵇ בתוך פ׳ ידים within reach of the hands; חוץ לפ׳ ידים beyond reach. the same place (ibid.) כשם שנתנו פ׳ ידים לטהרות וכ׳ as proximity within reach of the hands is made a criterion for levitical uncleanness (Tohoroth 7, 2), so it is made for wine (suspected of having been touched by an idolater, see נֶסֶךְ); and elsewhere—פ׳ ידים ודגלים prostration accompanied by stretching of hands and feet. Berachoth 34ᵇ; Megillah 22ᵇ; Shevuoth 16ᵇ, see הִשְׁתַּחֲוָאָה; and frequently—[Mechilta Beshallach beginning בפישוטן, read: בפְשׁוּטָה, see פָּשׁוּט.] ↗ original
פִּישׁוֹן 1Pishon. Yevamoth 107ᵇ פ׳ הגמל Pishon the camel-driver, see כָּפַשׁ. ↗ original
פִּישׁוֹן 2 (Biblical Hebrew) Pishon, name of a river., name of a river. Bereshith Rabbah section 16 (referring to Genesis 2, 11) פׄישׄון שהוא מגדל פׄשׄתן ומימיו מהלכין בשׄופׄי its name was Pishon, because it raises flax (on its shores), and its waters run gently; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 21. ↗ original
פישׁן , read: פ"י ש"יןPe’ Shin. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 4, 55ᵇ פ"י ש"ין שיני if a vessel is found inscribed Pé Shin, the contents are second tithes (פירקון שני), see Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 5, 1. ↗ original
פִּישְׁרָא (פְּשַׁר) solution, interpretation. Targum Judges 7, 15. Constr. פְּשַׁר. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 8, 1.—5. פּוּשְׁרָנָא. dissolved food, cud. Targum Leviticus 11, 3, and the following (Hebrew text גרה); and elsewhere thawing snow.—plural פִּישְׁרֵי, פִּשְׁ׳. Targum 2 Esther 3, 8, see חַצְבָּא.—Kiddushin 73ᵇ, see פְּשׁוּרָא. ↗ original
פִּיתָּא = Hebrew פַּת, piece, bread. Targum Onkelos Genesis 18, 5. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I the same place (ibid.) 40, 16; and frequently—Berachoth 40ᵇ בריך רחמנא מריה דהאי פ׳ blessed be the Merciful One, the owner of this bread. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 1, 60ᶜ bottom of the page, see אָרֶסְקִינָס. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, 45ᵈ top פ׳ תחות וכ׳ (you must not put) a piece of bread under the arm-pit (a superstitious practice); Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 41ᵃ bottom of the page פותתא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 6, end, 10ᵈ פ׳ ופירור when there is before you bread and some delicacy; and frequently—plural פִּיתִּין, פִּתִּין. Targum I Samuel 10, 3 (Hebrew text ככרות). ↗ original
פִּיתּוּחַ פָּתַח Pi'el) incision, engraving, engraved design. Yerushalmi (prefix) Niddah 3, 50ᵈ פ׳ ידים ורגלים וכ׳ it (the embryo) has no incisions indicating the outlines of hands and of feet. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, 43ᵇ bottom of the page הומר היא בפ׳ the law is stricter in the case of an engraving made on a tree (Asherah).—plural פִּיתּוּחִים, פִּיתּוּחִין, פִּתּ׳. the same place (ibid.) העכיר את הפ׳ if he effaced the engraving. Oholoth 14, 1 העטרות והפ׳ the wreaths and engravings (mouldings above the entrance); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 14, 10 הפִּתּוּיִין. ↗ original
פִּיתּוּחָא , engraving, moulding. Targum Zephaniah, Book of 2, 14 פִּיתּוּחַ תרעיא (Levita פִּיחּוּחֵי plural; Hebrew text כפתר׳). ↗ original
פִּיתּוּי (פָּתָה) persuasion, enticing. Tanchuma Sh’moth 19; Shemoth Rabbah section 3 בפ׳ באתי אליך וכ׳ I came to thee with persuasiveness (making thee believe that thou didst hear thy father’s voice), that thou be not afraid, the same place (ibid.) בתחלה פ׳ פיתיתי אותך וכ׳ at first I spoke persuasively to thee, now I will speak to thee words of truth (earnest admonition). the same place (ibid.) אין פתי אלא לשון פ׳pethi (Proverbs 14, 15) has the meaning of ‘persuasion’ (one easily persuaded); and frequently—Esp. enticing a virgin, claims of the seduced (Exodus 22, 15). Kethuboth 35ᵇ אין לה לא קנס ולא פ׳ she has no claim either of fine (for outrage) or of indemnity for seduction. the same place (ibid.) 36ᵃ; and frequently dialect. for פִּיתּוּחַ (compare פּוֹתִי a. פּוֹתֵחַ) engraving, moulding.—plural פִּיתּוּיִין, פִּתּ׳. Tosefta Oholoth 14, 10 (Rabbenu Shimshon to Oholoth 14, 1 פִּיתּוּחִין), see פִּיתּוּחַ. ↗ original
פִּיתּוּלָא (פְּתַל) [twisting,] perverseness. Targum Proverbs 8, 8. turn of events, vicissitudes. Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 127 (play on נפתולי, Genesis 30, 8) פִּיתּוּלֵיה לא דידי הוה וכ׳ were not his vicissitudes mine? did not Jacob come to Laban for my sake (I being predestined to become his wife)?; Bereshith Rabbah section 71 פִּיתּוּלַיֵּיה לא דידי הויין (plural). ↗ original
פִּיתוֹם 1Pithom, a storage city of Egypt. Sotah 11ᵃ ולמה נקרא שמה פ׳ שראשון ראשון פׄיׄ תׄהוׄםׄ בולעו why was Raameses named Pithom? Because the mouth of the deep swallowed every foundation as it was laid; Shemoth Rabbah section 1. Mechilta Beshallach section 1 (referring to פי החירת, Exodus 14, 2) לשעבר היתה נקראת פ׳ formerly its name was Pithom; and elsewhere ↗ original
פִּיתוֹם 2 (פָּתָה, adapt. of πύθων) [seducer,] necromancer, conjurer, ventriloquist. Sanhedrin 7, 7 בעל אוב זה פ׳ המדבר משחיו baʿal ob is the pithom that makes the dead speak from his armpit; Sifra E’dosh. Parah 3, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 7; the same place (ibid.) Parah 4, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 11; Tosefta Sanhedrin 10, 6 פ׳ המדבר בין פרקיו וכ׳ that talks between his joints and from between his armpits; and elsewhere ↗ original
פִּיתּוּתָא (פְּתַת) bread to be broken. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 1, 22ᵃ יתיב אכיל נפל פ׳ מיניה sat down to a meal, and the bread fell out of his hand when he was about to break it. ↗ original
פִּיתֵּחַ (פָּתַח) open-eyed, seeing. Arachin 17ᵇ; Bava Bathra 128ᵃ, see סָמָא. ↗ original
פִּיתָּק (פָּתַק; see פִּיטֵּק) ball, stone, tablet, ballot; lot, decree. Tanchuma B’haʿăl. 12 כל מי שהיה עולה בידו פ׳ כתוב וכ׳ he who drew a ballot on which ‘elder’ was written. Tanchuma B’midb. 21 אם עלה בידו פ׳ כתוב וכ׳ if he drew a ballot on which ‘Levi’ was written, he knew that a Levite had redeemed him. Bamidbar Rabbah section 4 [read:] מי אומר לך שאם היה שם פי׳ של לוי שלא וכ׳ who tells thee that I should not have drawn it, had there been a ballot inscribed ‘Levi’ in the box? the same place (ibid.) פ׳ כתב וכ׳ (read כתוב) a ballot inscribed etc. Sotah 12ᵃ לא היו בפִיתְקָהּ של חוה they were not included in the decree pronounced on Eve (Genesis 3, 16). Sanhedrin 102ᵃ (referring to I Kings 11, 29) יצא מפיתקה של ירושלים (Rashi מפִּתְקָהּ) he went out of the destiny of Jerusalem (i.e. was to have no share in the welfare of Jerusalem); and frequently—plural פְּתָקִים, פְּתָקִין (Chaldaic (Aramaic) form) פִּיתְקִין. Esther Rabbah to 1, 2; see דָּדָה. Bereshith Rabbah section 91 לערב הביאו לו את הפ׳ in the evening they brought him the tablets (on which every traveller had written his name). Bamidbar Rabbah the passage cited כתב על … פ׳ לוי לוי he (Moses) wrote on each of twenty-two thousand ballots, Levi etc. (see פִּיטֵּק). Tanchuma the passage cited Sanhedrin 17ᵃ טלו פִיתְקֵיכֶם draw your ballots; and frequently ↗ original
פִּיתַק Targum Job 19, 23 (manuscript פיטקא; Hebrew text ספר). Targum 2 Esther 1, 8 כסא … שמיה פ׳ a large goblet … which was named Pithḳa (Decree, see פּוּסְקָא).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 1, 17ᵇ bottom of the page כתוב חד פיתק דתרין וכ׳ write out one edict (order) for two men whom I may take with me; Bamidbar Rabbah section 9. Kiddushin 73ᵇ תלי פ׳ if the infant wears a tablet (with an inscription). Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 3, 65ᵈ אוף … הוי בפ׳ R. J. was likewise on the list (of those to be appointed). Horayoth 13ᵇ הוו כתבי קושייתא בפ׳ וכ׳ (some edition בפסקא) wrote out questions on a tablet and threw them into the school-house. Kiddushin 70ᵃ, see הַזְמָנָא; and frequently—[Chullin 31ᵃ דכולה פתקא, see פִּקְתָא.]—plural פִּיתְקִין, פִּתְ׳. Bereshith Rabbah section 91 והוה … ומקבל פ׳ and Manasseh stood there (at the gates) receiving the tablets (with the names of the arrivals, see the preceding). ↗ original
פִּיתְּתָא (פְּתַת) piece (of bread). Targum Proverbs 28, 21.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 41ᵃ bottom of the page, see פִּיתָּא. ↗ original
פַּךְflask, jar with a narrow neck, see טָפִי. Yerushalmi (prefix) Horayoth 3, 47ᶜ bottom of the page נמשחו מן הפך were anointed out of a flask, opposite קרן; Megillah 14ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) (referring to I Samuel 2, 1) רמה קרני ולא רמה פַּכִּי ‘my horn is high’, but not ‘my flask is high.’ Tosefta Sukkah 3, 10 כמין פי הפך as if coming forth through the mouth of a flask, see פִּכְפֵּךְ. Nega'im 12, 5 חסה התורה … ועל פַּכֹּו the Torah has regard … even for a man’s flask; Sifra M’teorʿa, Nega'im, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 3, Parah 5. Bereshith Rabbah section 69, end שופע … כמלא פי הפך the oil was poured down for him from heaven in large drops as if coming out of a flask; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 120; and frequently—plural פַּכִּים, פַּכִּין. Shabbath 84ᵇ פ׳ קטנים small flasks (into which you cannot dip your finger); Bava Kamma 25ᵇ. Chullin 91ᵃ (referring to Genesis 32, 25) נשתייר על פ׳ קטנים he remained behind for the sake of some small jars. Kelim 2, 2; and frequently ↗ original
פָּכוֹרָא (פְּכַר) breaker, destroyer. Bereshith Rabbah section 67, beginning פ׳ תרעיא היך תרעך פכור וכ׳ thou, breaker of gates, how is thy gate broken into and ruined! ↗ original
פָּכַח (compare פָּכַךְ) [to break through,] to ooze out, evaporate. Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּכֵּחַto cause evaporation, to counteract the effect of. Bava Bathra 10ᵃ יין קשה שינה מְפַכַּחְתֹּו, Manuscript Rome מפקחתו, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 6) wine is strong (overpowering man), sleep makes it evaporate. ↗ original
פְּכַח Megillah 12ᵇ למחר פ׳ ליה חמריה Munich manuscript (Oxford manuscript a. L. פקע; edition פסיק; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) מפכח) by to-morrow his wine will have evaporated (his intoxication will be gone). Pa'el פִּעֵל מְפַּכְּחָא , see בְּדִיחוּתָא. Taanith 13ᵇ; Bava Metzia 66ᵇ לפַכּוּחֵי, see פַּחְדָּא.—participle passive מְפַכַּח. Niddah 20ᵇ ומִפְכַּח הוא דקמפכח ואזיל (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פַּכּוּחֵי הוא דפכח ואזיל) it (the blood-stain in drying up) becomes constantly fainter. ↗ original
פַּכְחוּתָא (the preceding) that which evaporates, fluid, opposite חרותא sediment. Niddah 20ᵃ פ׳ דדיותא the fluid portion of the ink. ↗ original
פכי compare the preceding words) to break through, penetrate.—Pi'el פִּכָּה to ooze, drop. Yalkut Shimoni Ezekiel 383 מי הבאר … ומְפַכִּין ונובעין וכ׳ well-water shall in future days rise from under the threshold of the Temple, and shall ooze and bubble and go forth in three parts; Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 51 ומפרין (correct accordingly). Tosefta Sukkah 3, 3, see פִּכְפֵּךְ. ↗ original
פכי ² , Targum Proverbs 8, 34 פַּכֵּי some edition, read: סִפִּי.—the same place (ibid.) 7, 15 דמפכא, דמפכיא, read with edition Lagarde edition דמְסַכְּיָא, see סְכֵי. ↗ original
פכך , Targum Proverbs 5, 22 נתפכיך some edition, see פְּכַר. ↗ original
פַּכְסְמִין (παξαμᾶς) biscuits. Bamidbar Rabbah section 7. ↗ original
פַּכְסַסPakhsas. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 7, beginning 55ᵈ יוסי בן פ׳; Sifra Emor beginning יוסף בן פ׳. ↗ original
פִּכְפֵּךְ (see פָּכַךְ) to ooze, drip. Tosefta Sukkah 3, 3 [read:] ר׳ אליעזר אומר והנה מים מפכים מלמד שמים מְפַכְפְּכִין ועולין כמין פי הפך וכ׳ R. El. … says, ‘And behold waters dripping’ (Ezekiel 47, 2), this intimates that in the days to come water oozing out and rising, as if coming out of a flask, will come forth from under the threshold etc., see פָּכָה. the same place (ibid.) 11 כך היתה הבאר … מְפַכְפֶּכֶת ועולה וכ׳ (variant reading מפרפר) so the well that travelled with Israel in the desert, resembling a rock of the size of a k’barah (כְּבָרָה), bubbled forth and rose, travelling with them up mountains and down etc. ↗ original
פָּכַר , Pi'elפִּיכֵּר (see next word) to split, break. Bereshith Rabbah section 23 פָּכְרָה רוח … ופְכָרוֹ (or פִּכְּרָה, ופִכְּרוֹ) the wind split (knocked down) one tree, and it fell on its neighbor and knocked it down; (Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 39 פֵּרְכָה … ופֵירְכוֹ).—participle passive פָּכוּר, see next word↗ original
פְּכַר (compare פָּכָה) to insert, interlace, clasp. Shabbath 10ᵃ פ׳ ידיה ומצלי he clasped his hands (in reverence) and prayed; Yalkut Shimoni Amos 542.—participle passive פְּכִיר; plural פְּכִירִין. Targum Esther 8, 15. to split, break open. participle passive פְּכִיר. Bereshith Rabbah section 67 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition פָּכוּר Hebrew form), see פָּכוֹרָא. Pa'el פִּעֵל פַּכֵּרto split, break in, demolish. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 49, 6 (edition Vienna edition פָּכְרוּPe.). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 21, 35 (edition Vienna edition פָּ׳); and elsewhere—Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 3, 3 לפַכָּרָא edition Lagarde edition (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Levita לפכורא, read: לפַכּוּרֵי; edition לפרכא, לכפרא, correct accordingly; Hebrew text לפרוץ).—Bereshith Rabbah section 86 end פַּכְּרוּן (not פרכ׳), see נִיבָא I. Echah Rabbah to 5, 1 (transl. ערו, Psalms 137, 7 פַּכְּרוּ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition פגרו, see פְּגַר I). to entangle, confound. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 26, 30 (edition Vienna edition אַפְכַּרAf'el). Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְפְּכַרto be entangled, caught. Targum Proverbs 5, 22 נִתְפְּכֵיר edition Lagarde edition (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) יִתְפְּכַר; some edition נתּפכיך, correct accordingly; Hebrew text יתמך). ↗ original
פֶּלֶאthe preceding) strange thing, wonder, miracle. Mechilta Beshallach, Shir., section 8 (referring to Exodus 15, 11) עשה עמנו פ׳ וכ׳ he has done wonders for us, and he will do etc.; and elsewhere—plural פְּלָאִים, פְּלָאִין, פְּלָאוֹת. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 106, beginning (referring to Psalms 136, 4; 13; 25) מה הפרנסה … בלא ניסין ובלא פ׳ as the world cannot exist without sustenance (which the Lord provides), so it cannot exist without (daily) signs and wonders. the same place (ibid.) ואינו יודע כמה פ׳ עשה וכ׳ edition Buber edition (edition מה פלאי, correct accordingly) and man knows not how many miraculous salvations the Lord works for him. Bereshith Rabbah section 20 (referring to Psalms 136, 24 and the following) מה גאולה פ׳ אף פרנסה פ׳ as the redemption was miraculous, so man’s sustenance is miraculous. Shemoth Rabbah section 12, end (explained אפילת, Exodus 9, 32) פ׳ עשה הק"בה בהם the Lord showed wonders by them. Sanhedrin 109ᵇ (play on פלת, Numbers 16, 1) שנעשו לו פ׳ wonderful things (delivery from destruction with Korah) happened to him (On); Bamidbar Rabbah section 18; (Tanchuma Kor. 10 נפלאות). Midrash Tehillim To Psalms 119, 18 פ׳ היא התורה the Law is full of strange (obscure) things. the same place (ibid.) 129; and frequently—[Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 47 ומקרע בפלאות, read: בכִילָאוֹת, see כִּילָה.] ↗ original
פֶּלֶא ² —plural פִּלְאִין, פְּלָאִין. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 8, 18. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2 the same place (ibid.) 15, 18. ↗ original
פֶּלִאי (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun Peli (unknown). Bamidbar Rabbah section 10 (referring to Judges 13, 18) שם שמו המלאך פ׳ וכ׳ there (on that occasion) his name was ‘the angel Peli’, corresponding to his mission, as he came to recommend a vow of abstinence (with referring to יַפְלִא, Numbers 6, 2). ↗ original
פִּלְאֲתָא (פלא) dark saying, allegory. Targum Proverbs 1, 6 (Hebrew text מליצה). ↗ original
פָּלַג (Biblical Hebrew) to separate, split. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְלִיגto part, go away. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 2ᵈ bottom of the page ומצאו שה׳ אף הוא ה׳ (not עוד) and finding that he (the friend that had knocked at the door) had withdrawn, he withdrew likewise.—Esp. to go to sea (compare פִּילָגוֹס). Eruvin 4, 1 הִפְלִיגָה ספינתם בים their ship went out on the open sea. Shabbath 19ᵃ אין מַפְלִיגִין בספינה וכ׳ you must not start on a sea-voyage less than three days before the Sabbath; Bamidbar Rabbah section 16, beginning אין מפליגין בספינה בים הגדול (contradistinguished to פָּרַשׁ along the sea coast). ה׳ ממלאכה (or supply (understood word) ממלאכה) to rest from work; to pause. Vayikra Rabbah section 30 לכשיַפְלִיג, see לָקַשׁ. Tosefta Berachoth 4, 21 הִפְלִיגוּ צריכין וכ׳ (not צריך) when the laborers take a recess, they must say the benediction for what they have been eating while at work. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 3, 40ᵇ bottom of the page להפליג, see הֶפְלֵג. to divert, put off; to discard. Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 66ᵇ לא מפני שהִפְלִיגָן בדברים וכ׳ (he made an evasive reply) not because he desired to divert their minds with words (counterquestions), but because he never said anything that he had not heard from his teacher; Tosefta Yevamoth 3, 4; Sukkah 27ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 40ᶜ bottom of the page אם שאלו … יַפְלִיגֶינּוּ כשם שה׳ וכ׳ if he asks him whither he is going, let him put him off (state a distant destination), as did Jacob to Esau; Tosefta Avodah Zarah 3, 4 מַפְלִיגוֹ. Tosefta Gittin 7 (5), 8 כל תנאי שאי אפשר … לא נתכוון זה אלא להַפְלִיגָהּ whenever an impossibility is made the condition of a letter of divorce, he (the husband) has had only the intention to divert her mind; Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 7, end, 11ᶜ (correct accordingly). Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, end, 14ᵈ כיון שה׳ דעתו ממנה when he turns his attentions from her (makes her feel that he does not intend to marry her). Bereshith Rabbah section 17 ראה … והִפְלִיגָהּ ממנו when he saw her full mucus and blood, he kept her away from him; and frequently to reject, disregard, discard. Pesikta Rabbati section 31 היתה פושעת … ומַפְלֶגֶת את גזירותיו she was careless about his honor and disregarded his decrees. the same place (ibid.) section 3 [read:] כל זמן … הוא מַפְלִיג וכ׳ as long as his teacher is alive, he (the pupil) is careless, (saying) whenever it be needed, here is my teacher etc. Avoth 4, 3 אל תהי מפליג לכל דבר discard nothing (saying, this will never happen). Bereshith Rabbah section 8 ה׳ דרכן של רשעים וכ׳ he removed the way of the wicked out of his sight (disregarded the evil doings of the future man); Midrash Tehillim to Psalms I edition Buber edition (other edition פִּילֵּגPi'el); and elsewhere to decline from the road. Bereshith Rabbah section 48 אם אני רואה אותן שהִפְלִיגוּ את דרכם וכ׳ when I see that they wend their way hither etc.; וכיון שראה אותם שהפליגו and when he saw that they were declining; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 82.—Transferred to be mistaken. Bechoroth 43ᵇ bottom of the page הִיפְלַגְתָּ thou art mistaken (Rashi: thou hast gone too far, see below); Sifra Emor, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 2, Parah 3 הִפְלַגְתָּה.—Koheleth Rabbah to 11, 9 אל תַּפְלִיג עצמך בדברי תורה do not go thy own way in the interpretation of the Law (cling to tradition). ה׳ עצמו [to withdraw one’s self,] to be reserved, speak in indefinite and general terms, opposite פרסם עצמו to reveal one’s self, speak in definite terms. Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 14 (referring to I Samuel 9, 15, and the following) לשעבר לא אלא עד שלא הגיע הקץ הקב"ה מפליג עצמו … מפרסם עצמו did the Lord never before reveal anything to Samuel? But before the proper time has come, the Lord speaks reservedly, when the time has come, he reveals himself clearly (‘to-morrow’ etc.) to different interpretation or differently interpreted Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 320 מי שמפליג על דבריו של אל who opposes the words of God. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 5, 32ᶜ bottom of the page ומה מַפְלִיגִין and wherein do they differ?; and elsewhere to go too far. Yerushalmi (prefix) Niddah 1, beginning 48ᵈ, see פָּרַז. Bechoroth 43ᵇ bottom of the page; Sifra Emor the passage cited, see above.—participle passive מוּפְלָג a) removed; far. Sifra M’tsorʿa, Zavim, Parah 5, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 8 מ׳ מנידתה some time after her menstruation, opposite סמוך; Niddah 73ᵃ מ׳ לנדתה. Bereshith Rabbah section 44, see אחַר; and elsewhere—b) distinguished, special expert. Tosefta Chagigah 2, 9, see מוּפְלָא.—Eruvin 63ᵃ דמופלג, see next wordPi'el פִּעֵל פִּלֵּגto remove, disregard. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms I, see above. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְפַּלֵּגto be divided, go apart. Bereshith Rabbah section 15 וכל מימי בראשית מִתְפַּלְּגִין מתחתיו and all the waters of creation started from under it; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms I; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 2ᶜ bottom of the page, see פִּילּוּג. ↗ original
פְּלַג 1to divide, share. Targum Exodus 21, 35 (O. edition Vienna edition יְפַלְּג׳Pa'el). Targum Proverbs 29, 24. the same place (ibid.) 23 (Hebrew text יתמך); and frequently—participle passiveפְּלִיג; feminine פְּלִיגָא; plural פְּלִיגִין, פְּלִיגֵי; פְּלִיגָןa) divided (at heart), undecided. Targum Hosea 11, 7. Targum I Kings 18, 37. the same place (ibid.) 21; and elsewhere—[Targum Psalms 44, 19, see below.]—b) (with על) differing in opinion. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 49, 1.—Bava Metzia 5ᵃ, and frequently תנא הוא ופ׳ he is a Tannai, and (as such) he differs (from the Mishnah). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᵃ top, and frequently מתניתא פ׳ על וכ׳ the Boraitha differs from Rab. Chullin 92ᵇ הא מִפְלֵיג פליגי ביה are there not differing opinions about it? Berachoth 23ᵇ ופליגא דר׳ חייא and R. Ḥia’s opinion differs (from what has just been said). the same place (ibid.) 33ᵇ מכלל דפליגי this implies that scholars differ about it; ולא פ׳ and do they not differ?; and very frequently—c) distinguished, rare, see below. Pa'el פִּעֵל פַּלֵּגto divide; to distribute, assign a share. Targum Onkelos Exodus 21, 35, see above. Targum Onkelos Genesis 15, 10. Targum Psalms 44, 19 (not פְּלִיג), see זְהַהּ. Targum Job 39, 17. Targum Psalms 68, 14. the same place (ibid.) 13 manuscript (edition מַפְלְגָאAf'el). Targum I Chronicles 26, 5; and frequently—Bava Bathra 119ᵇ דפ׳ ליה רביה יקרא when his teacher did him honor. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 2, end, 47ᵃ מה את פַּלֵּיג ליה וכ׳ why wilt thou do him (the idol) honor?; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 4ᵇ איתפליג (correct accordingly). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᵃ bottom of the page כד מְפַלֵּג when he divides (the flax stalks). Vayikra Rabbah section 3, beginning ומְפַלְּגָא לבישיא, see גּוּף I Chaldaic (Aramaic); Koheleth Rabbah to 4, 6; and elsewhere—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 4, 65ᶜ top פלגין, see פְּלַג 2.] to divert the mind. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 4, 19. the same place (ibid.) 22, 1. to speak differently from what one thinks, flatter. Targum Proverbs 28, 23 manuscript (edition Af'el). Af'el הִפְעִיל אַפְלֵגto separate. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 49, 7; and elsewhere to divert. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 45, 26 וְאַ׳ ליביה (Yerushalmi (prefix) I יפַּלֵּיג, edition Vienna edition ופְלֵיג) he turned his mind off it (gave up hope, would not believe; Hebrew text ויפג). Targum Proverbs 14, 30 דמַפְלִיג חמתא וכ׳ who diverts the anger of his heart; and elsewhere Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְפַּלֵּג,Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְפְּלֵג, אִיפְּלִיג, , אִפְּ׳to be divided, dispersed. Targum Numbers 26, 53; 55. Targum Genesis 14, 15; and frequently—Bava Bathra 121ᵇ א"י לשבטים נתחלקה או דילמא קרקף גברא אִיפַּלְּגָא Munich manuscript was the land of Israel divided according to tribes (in equal shares for each tribe), or according to the number of heads?; edition א"י לשבטים אִיפְּלוּג … איפלוג (supply (understood word) נחלות) were the shares of the land of Israel divided etc.? to be different from the rest, rare, distinguished. the same place (ibid.) 120ᵃ דמִפְּלִיג בחכמה (Manuscript Rome דפליג) of rare wisdom, דמפ׳ בזקנה extremely old. Gittin 28ᵃ כיון דאיפ׳ אפ׳ having reached a rare old age, he may as well be presumed to be more distinguished (and be still alive). Eruvin 63ᵃ שאני … דמִיפְּלַג (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Oxford manuscript דמוּפְלָג Hebrew form) it is different with R. …, for he was very distinguished (for age and learning); and elsewhere (compare גזר) to be decreed. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 14, 7 (see פִּילּוּגָא). to secede; to different interpretation or differently interpreted Targum Onkelos Numbers 16, 1 (Hebrew text ויקח). Targum 2 Kings 17, 21; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 67ᵈ top ואפי׳ עלה לא הוה צריך מִתְפַּלְּגָה even about this it was unnecessary to assume a difference of opinion. Bereshith Rabbah section 21 אִיתְפַּלְּגוּן ר׳ וכ׳ R. A. and R. H. differ (in their interpretations). Berachoth 22ᵇ bottom of the page בהא קמִיפַּלְּגֵי (popular pronunciation קמִיפְלְגֵי) on this principle their difference rests. the same place (ibid.) 23ᵃ; and very frequently ↗ original
פֶּלֶגthe preceding) part, share. Tanchuma Mishpatim 7 (referring to Proverbs 28, 23) כל המוכיח … זוכה לפ׳ של הקב"ה he who reproves his neighbor for the sake of heaven, will be granted a share of divine grace; (Tamid 28ᵃ לחלקו).—plural פְּלַגּוֹת. Gittin 89ᵇ (borrowing the phrase from Judges 5, 16) עדיין לא הגיע לפ׳ ראובן he (that minor, although physically developed beyond his age) has not yet obtained ‘the parts of Reuben’ (mental maturity, and none will consider him an adult). ↗ original
פְּלַג 2part, half. Targum Onkelos Genesis 15, 10 (edition Berlin edition פַּלַג; edition Vienna edition פִּלּוּג). Targum Exodus 25, 10 (Yerushalmi (prefix) also פּוּלְגָּא); and frequently—[Targum I Chronicles 16, 3, see פְּלוּג.]—Bava Bathra 62ᵇ פ׳ דאית לי בארעא פ׳ if the deed reads, ‘the half share which is mine in that field’, he has sold half the field (his entire share); פ׳ בארעא דאית לי ריבעא but if it reads, ‘half of that field which is mine’, he has sold him one fourth of the field (or half his share). the same place (ibid.) מצר ארעא דמינה פ׳ פ׳ (Munich manuscript פְּלִיגָא) if he writes, ‘these are the borders of the field of which I sell a portion’, it means half, contradistinguished to פְּסִיקָא; the same place (ibid.) 63ᵃ. Shabbath 89ᵇ דל תרתי סרי ופ׳ וכ׳ deduct (from the years of life) twelve years and a half for prayer, eating etc. the same place (ibid.) פ׳ עלי ופ׳ עלך let me bear the failings of half the remaining years, and bear thou the other half. Pesachim 79ᵇ פ׳ ופ׳ equal numbers on both sides. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 4, 65ᶜ top דבהתין פַּלְגּוֹן מן פלגון (not מן פלג) one half of them is afraid of the other half of them; Bamidbar Rabbah section 8 פלגין מן פלגין (correct accordingly); and very frequently—plural פַּלְגַּיָּא, פַּלְגֵּי. Targum Onkelos Genesis 15, 10. the same place (ibid.) 17 (Hebrew text הגזרים). the same place (ibid.) 11 edition Berlin edition (see פִּגְרָא); and elsewhere—Yoma 83ᵇ, see פְּלוּג. רוח פלגא the demon Palga, a disease (paralysis?). Pesachim 111ᵃ ↗ original
פַּלְגָּאָה (פְּלַג 1) disputer, controversialist. Eruvin 61ᵇ פ׳ thou disputer (Mar Judah)! Kiddushin 58ᵃ פַּלָּגָא איקמיינכי that disputer (Mar Judah) has put you up to it. Gittin 31ᵇ מקמי פ׳ ניקום shall we rise for that querulous man (G’nibah)? ↗ original
פַּלְגּוּ (the preceding words) half; middle. Targum Leviticus 6, 13. Targum Onkelos Exodus 11, 4; and frequently—Bava Kamma 15ᵃ, and elsewhere פלגו נזקא Manuscript Hamburg a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (Munich manuscript פַּלְגִּי; edition פלגא) indemnity amounting to half the damage. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 7, 31ᶜ פַּלְגּוּת פרן (פַּלְגִּית) half the dowry. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 5, 32ᶜ bottom of the page בפלגות פומך with half thy mouth, i.e. thou art not the original author of that opinion; and elsewhere—Sanhedrin 98ᵇ פלגו קיסר (פלגי) Vice-Caesar, governordivision(Hebrew .—plural פַּלְגְּיָון, פַּלְגְּוָואתָא. Targum Zechariah 11, 7 (edition Lagarde edition פּוּלְגְּוָון). Targum I Chronicles 26, 1; 12 פלגווא׳ edition Vilna edition (other edition פַּלְגּוּתָא, פַּלְגּוּת, read: פַּלְגְּוָתָא, פַּלְגְּוַת); and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 9, beginning 25ᶜ ארבע פלגוון four divisions (of opinions). division of heart, half-heartedness. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 22, 14. contest. Targum 2 Samuel 22, 44 edition Vilna edition, see פְּלוּגְתָּא I. ↗ original
פלגוגון , a corruption for פַּדְגּוֹגוֹן masculine (παιδαγωγῶν) teaching, training. Ylamdenu to Deuteronomy 5, 6 and the following, quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אלפיים שנה היה הקב"ה פ׳ בה וכ׳ two thousand years (two days of the Lord’s, before the creation of the world) the Lord used her (the Torah) as a pedagogue (disciplining the forces of Nature, with referring to יום יום, Proverbs 8, 30); compare Bereshith Rabbah section 1, beginning ↗ original
פַּלְגִּיסָא (Pales of פְּלַג; compare אִסְפְּרִיסָא) [that which is to be split,] target for projectiles (compare קורת חצים Echah Rabbah to 3, 12). Targum I Samuel 20, 20. Targum Job 16, 12 (edition Lagarde edition פְּלַגְסָא). Targum Lamentations 3, 12 (edition Lagarde edition a. other פלגליסא). ↗ original
פלגס , Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 69ᵃ bottom of the page, see פִּינוֹלֵס↗ original
פַּלְגְּס (πάλλαξ, πάλληξ, probably of Semitic origin; compare פַּלְגִּיסָא, a. פִּלֶּגֶשׁ) a youth in the intermediate stage between boyhood and maturity; in a transferred sense a sheep beyond the age of כֶּבֶשׂ and below that ofאַיִל (see ניּקָּד). Parah 1, 3 רבי טרפין קורהו פ׳ R. T. named such a sheep of thirteen months a pallax. Chullin 23ᵃ. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 14 הפ׳ בזה ובזה פסול the pallax is unfit for sacrifice either as כבש or as איל.—plural Chaldaic (Aramaic) פַּלְגִּיסִין. Targum Psalms 37, 20 (Hebrew text כרים). ↗ original
פִּלֶּגֶשׁ , see Delitzsch Genesis4 360) concubine. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 5, 29ᵈ top אשה יש לה כתובה פ׳ אין וכ׳ the wife has a marriage contract securing a settlement for her (כְּתוּבָּה), the concubine has none; (other opinion) אשה יש לה כתובה ותנאי כתובה פ׳ וכ׳ the wife has a marriage contract containing besides the settlement all conditions of a marriage contract (alimentation etc.), the concubine has the contract but without the conditions; and frequently—פ׳ בגבעה, see גִּבְעָה.—plural פִּלַּגְשִׁים, פִּילַ׳. Sanhedrin 21ᵃ. Bamidbar Rabbah section 9 (referring to Song of Songs 6, 8) שמונים … ונקראו פ׳ שהפ׳ חשודות there are eighty families (of nations) that know their mothers but not their fathers, and they are called ‘concubines’, for the concubines are suspected (of faithlessness). ↗ original
פְּלוּג (פְּלַג) a portion (of meat). Targum 2 Samuel 6, 19; Targum I Chronicles 16, 3 (edition Lagarde edition פלג; Hebrew text אשפר).—plural פְּלוּגֵי. Megillah 7ᵇ אכלי בהו שתין פ׳ I ate sixty portions of them. Yoma 83ᵇ אהדרוהו פ׳ וצעי Munich manuscript 2 a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (Munich manuscript 1 פְּלָאגֵי) they placed fine portions and dishes around him (see, however, לוּגָּא). ↗ original
פְּלוֹגֶת (פָּלַג) division, dispute. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 8, 13 פ׳ דברים verbal disputes. ↗ original
פְּלוּגְתָּא = הַפְלָגָהseparation (of races). (of races). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 10, 11. (priestly) division.—plural פְּלוּגְוָותָא, פְּלוּגְוָתָא. Targum 2 Chronicles 23, 8. the same place (ibid.) 8, 14. the same place (ibid.) 35, 4, and the following; and elsewhere contest, dissension. Targum Psalms 18, 44 פ׳ דעממיא manuscript (edition פְּלוּגַת ע׳ construct state; edition Vilna edition פְּלֻגַת; Hebrew text ריבי); Targum 2 Samuel 22, 44 (edition Vilna edition פַּלְגוּת). Targum Isaiah 22, 9. Targum Deuteronomy 17, 8; and elsewhere—Tanchuma Kor. 10 מה ליך בהדי פ׳ (not בהדין) what hast thou to do with that contest (between Moses and Korah)?; Bamidbar Rabbah section 18 (edition Vilna edition בהדי פְּלוּגְתֵּיה with his (Korah’s) quarrel).—Esp. difference of opinion, scholarly contest. Yoma 4ᵇ … במאי קא מיפלגי בפ׳ דהני תנאי וכ׳ what is the basis of the difference …? The principle on which those Tannaim differ etc. Shabbath 15ᵃ היכא דליכא פ׳ דרבוותא בהדייהו on a subject on which no conflicting opinions of great teachers besides them (Hillel and Shammai) are on record; and very frequently—plural as ab. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 3, 30ᵃ bottom of the page אתיין אילין פ׳ כאילין פ׳ וכ׳ (not פלוגתא) the differences in this case are based on the same principles as the differences in the following case etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 67ᵈ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 5, 39ᵇ top; and elsewhere—5. תַּפְלוּגְתָּא. ↗ original
פְּלוּגְתָּא 2P’lugta, near Tiberias. Bamidbar Rabbah section 9 כגון הדה בית מעון שיורדים לה מפ׳ וכ׳ like Beth-Maʿon to which they go down when coming from P., and up from Tiberias; (Bereshith Rabbah section 85 כפר שובתי; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 1, 17ᵃ bottom of the page פלטתה). Vayikra Rabbah section 5 (referring to Amos 6, 6) they got their wine מפׄלׄוגׄתׄא שעל יינם נתפׄתׄו וגׄלׄו וכ׳ from P., for on account of their wine the ten tribes were led astray, and had to go into exile (see פְּתוּגְתָּא); Bamidbar Rabbah section 10; Yalkut Shimoni Amos 545. Shabbath 147ᵇ חמרא דפרוגייתא (דפרוגיתא). ↗ original
פְּלוּלִינַיָּא (פלל, compare פלפלא; compare Syriac (Peshitta) פלילתא fœnum græcum, Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 3130) a preserve or sauce of fenugrec, containing an admixture of fermenting matter. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 3, 30ᵃ ↗ original
*פְּלוּמָא (pluma) down, down-pillow. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 17 אבנים … כמטה וכפ׳ the stones on which Jacob slept, became under him as (soft as) a bed and as a pillow; [Bereshith Rabbah section 68 וכפרנוס, some edition וכפירנס; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 119 וכפורנס, correct accordingly, or read: וכטוֹרוּס.] ↗ original
פְּלוֹמוֹפִּילוֹן (corruption of primipilum, see Perl. Sachs, Beitrage, p. 11) the office of the chief Centurio of the troop called Triarii, primipilate. Sifré Numbers 131 לקיטרון … שימש פ׳ שלו וכ׳ like a Centurio who had served his term but failed to enter his primipilate (to which he would have been promoted in due time), but fled etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 631 פולימרכוס (correct accordingly); Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 178 פלומי פילון (corrupted acc). ↗ original
פְּלוּמַטְרִין (privatarium) (private) money chest, jewelry box. Pesikta Rabbati section 10 למלך שהיו לו תסבריות … פ׳ אחד של זהב קטן וכ׳ like a king who had many (public) treasures and cared not to count them, but he had one small private chest filled with gold etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 1, 60ᶜ bottom of the page ומפתחא דפלמנטרין בידיה with the key of his money chest in his hand. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, 65ᵈ מפתח של פלמנטרין קטנה (En Yaʿăḳob פלטרים, פלטרין) a small key of a jewelry box. Shemoth Rabbah section 20, beginning דיפלומטר, הד׳, read: הפלומטר. ↗ original
פְּלוּמַקְיָא (plumacia) down-pillows. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 3 edition Buber edition (explained משכב, 2 Samuel 17, 28) [read:] אלו פ׳ ומצעות (not פלוקמיא, see Buber edition note ad loc. (on the passage)) that means down-pillows and mattresses; (edition כרים וכסתות); Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 151 פולוסיקא (correct accordingly). ↗ original
פְּלוֹנִיa specified person or thing, such and such, name ‘blank’ (abbreviated or abbreviation פלו׳). Gittin 6, 3 במקים פ׳ in such and such a place. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 8, end, 49ᵈ (in a document) אני פ׳ בן פ׳ I—, son of—. Kiddushin 65ᵃ קידשתיך בפני פ׳ ופ׳ והלכו וכ׳ I betrothed thee unto me in the presence of—and—, and they have left etc. Tosefta Yevamoth 3, 4 ופ׳ מהו לעה"ב and will such and such a man have a share in the hereafter?; דומה שלא שאלתם אלא על פ׳ it seems to me that you inquired about such and such (naming some one else); Yoma 66ᵇ; and frequently—Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 8, see יֵשׁוּ.—Fem. פְּלוֹנִית, פְּלֹנִית. Kiddushin 3, 1 צא וקדש לי אשה פ׳ go and betroth for me that certain woman. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 6, 21ᵃ top פ׳ כהנת וכ׳ such and such is a priest’s daughter, and she has prostituted herself etc.; and frequently—Chaldaic פְּלַן. ↗ original
פָּלַח (Biblical Hebrew) to split; to dig, till; to cut out. Shemoth Rabbah section 27 על מנת לפוֹלְחָהּ will you take this field with the condition that you will till it?; and elsewhere—2) to work for, serve, see פּוֹלֵחַ.—3) to worship. Tosefta Avodah Zarah 1, 4 אינו אסור אלא לפוֹלְחִין בלבד it is forbidden to deal with those only who worship (on the Calendæ), contradistinguished to עושין who observe it as a holiday; (Avodah Zarah 8ᵃ לעובריה; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 39ᶜ top לפלחין בה, Chaldaic (Aramaic)). ↗ original
פְּלַחto till, work. Targum Exodus 20, 9 (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition Vienna edition Pa'el). Targum Proverbs 10, 5 (Hebrew text אגר). Targum Genesis 4, 12; and frequently—3) to serve (man or deity); to worship. the same place (ibid.) 14, 4. the same place (ibid.) 17, 1 (Hebrew text התהלך); and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 39ᶜ top לפָלְחִין בה, see the preceding the same place (ibid.) נשי דפלחין כפלחין the wives of those who worship (on the Roman festivals) are to be treated like those who worship. the same place (ibid.) כפלחין היא (not כפלחון), see שָׁמְרַיִין. Babylonian Avodah Zarah 11ᵃ פָּלְחֵי בה לע"א they worship the idol on it (the anniversary of death). the same place (ibid.) 22ᵇ אם איתא דפַלְחֵיה וכ׳ if he had worshipped it, he would not sell it. Sanhedrin 102ᵇ מ"כ פַּלְחִיתוּ לע"א why do you worship idols? Gittin 57ᵇ פְּלַח לע"א worship (bow down) to etc.!; and frequently—4) פ׳ ב־ [to work with,] to compel to serve or work, to subject. Targum Leviticus 25, 39. Targum Onkelos the same place (ibid.) 43. Targum Onkelos Genesis 15, 14; and frequently—5) to split, distribute. Avodah Zarah 18ᵃ bottom of the page פלגא פְלַח ופלגא וכ׳ one half distribute (as bribe), and one half be thine. Pa'el פִּעֵל פַּלַּחsame, to dig, till, work. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 20, 9 (see above). Targum Psalms 141, 7. Targum Isaiah 32, 17; and elsewhere Af'el הִפְעִיל אַפְלַחto make work, to subject, rule. Targum Onkelos Exodus 1, 13. Targum I Kings 5, 4; and frequently Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְפַּלַּח,Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְפְּלַחto be worked, tilled; (with ב) to be worked with. Targum Deuteronomy 21, 3. Targum Onkelos the same place (ibid.) 4. Targum Ezekiel 36, 9; and elsewhere to break through, be born. Targum Job 39, 3. ↗ original
פֶּלַח common gender (Biblical Hebrew; the preceding words) segment, slice; (supply (understood word) רכב) millstone. Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 787 הכהו בגוש … או בפ׳ של דבילה if he killed a man with a lump of salt or a slice of a fig-cake.—plural פְּלָחוֹת, construct state פִּלְחֵי. Demai 5, 5 פ׳ דבלה slices of etc. Yalkut Shimoni the passage cited שיכו אותו … ובפ׳ that they may kill him (the murderer) with stones, arrows or millstones.—5. פֶּלֶךְ. ↗ original
פִּלְחָאmillstone. Targum Job 41, 16.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 1, 80ᵈ bottom of the page אית לן פ׳ דמועדא have we a special millstone for the festive week (dare we grind during the festive week)? slice, portion. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, 64ᶜ top דלא הוה גביי אלא פִלְחִי וכ׳ I had with me only my own portion (luncheon); why should I have spoken to you (invited you to eat) with insincerity? Vayikra Rabbah section 12 (version in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh)) אם שתי פִּלְחֵיה חמר when he drinks his regular portion of wine; יתר מן פלחיה more than his wonted quantity. ↗ original
פָּלְחָא (the preceding words) worker; servant; worshipper.—plural פָּלְחִין, פָּלְחִי, פּ׳. Targum Isaiah 19, 9. Targum Psalms 49, 15 פ׳ אוריתא workers (students) of the Law (manuscript פלחן בהון).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 39ᶜ top, see פְּלַח. ↗ original
פָּלְחָא ² (see פְּלַחIthpaal) breaking through, birth.—plural construct state פָּלְחֵי, פַּ׳; קדמוי פ׳ וולדאfirst-born. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Exodus 34, 19. ↗ original
פָּלַט (Biblical Hebrew) [to break through,] to discharge, vomit, give out. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 1, 2ᵇ top [read:] היתה מהלכת ופוֹלֶטֶת על עשבים if the animal walked and discharged on plants. Terumoth 10, 11; Chullin 110ᵇ, see בָּלַע. Berachoth 3, 6 שפָּלְטָה שכבת וכ׳ who discharged the (conceived) semen virile. Pesachim 118ᵇ פְּלוֹט אותן ליבשה throw their bodies out on the dry land; and frequently to escape, be spared. Niddah 61ᵃ (referring to הפליט, Genesis 14, 13) זה עוג שפ׳ מדור וכ׳ that was Og who escaped the fate of the generation of the flood. Bamidbar Rabbah section 9 לא פָלְטוּ did not escape (punishment); and frequently—5. פָּלֵט.—3) to save. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 27 ופְלָטוֹ הק"בה מידו and the Lord saved him from his (Samael’s) power. Sanhedrin 19ᵇ (referring to פלטיאל, 2 Samuel 3, 15) שפלטו אל מן וכ׳ for God saved him from sin; and elsewhere to tear off, detach. Chullin 121ᵃ בשר שפְּלָטַתּוּ סכין flesh which the knife has taken off, i.e. which came off in flaying, see מוּרְדְּקָא; the same place (ibid.) מקצתו פלטתו חיה an animal tore one portion of the flesh off; the same place (ibid.) 124ᵃ; and elsewhere Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְלָט,Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְפַּלֵּטto be saved. Tanchuma Sh’moth 17 ויִתְפַּלֵּט ממנו וכ׳ and Noah and his children shall be saved from it (the flood). ↗ original
פְּלַטto discharge, vomit. Targum Jonah 2, 11. Targum Job 20, 15 manuscript (edition Pa'el); and elsewhere—Nedarim 49ᵇ; Tamid 27ᵇ כל מילי לא תִיפְלוֹט וכ׳ thou must not spit out anything in the presence of thy teacher (thou must suppress vomiting), except etc. Chullin 112ᵇ אגב דוחקא דסכינא פָּלֵיט through the pressure of the knife it (the flesh) gives out (blood). the same place (ibid.) קדמי ופלטי are the first to give out (their serum); בתר … פְּלִיטֵי עופות וכ׳ after the fish cease to discharge, the fowl (lying in salt with them) discharge, and they (the fish) absorb; and frequently to escape. Targum Proverbs 12, 13; and elsewhere—Yevamoth 114ᵇ הוא פליט is it likely that he will escape? Kethuboth 112ᵃ פַּלְטִי לי מחדא I have escaped one (evil destiny). Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 3, 6ᵃ חדא מתרתי לא פַלְטַת לכון one of two (mistakes) did not fail you, i.e. of the two things you did, one must be wrong; and elsewhere to detach, take off. Targum Job 13, 4, see מוּרְדְּקָא. Pa'el פִּעֵל פַּלֵּטsame, to give out, discharge. the same place (ibid.) 20, 15, see above.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, 63ᵈ top (transl. וארץ רפאים תפיל, Isaiah 26, 19) וארעא תפקידה תְּפַלֵּט the earth shall give forth her trust (the dead); Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 5, 9ᵇ top; Yalkut Shimoni Kings 207. ↗ original
פָּלֵט (the preceding) escaping, spared. Horayoth 8ᵃ ממונן פ׳ their property is spared (from destruction); Yevamoth 9ᵃ. Tanchuma Kor. 5 שכולן אובדין ואחד פ׳ that all will perish and one will escape; Bamidbar Rabbah section 18; and elsewhere—pluralפְּלֵטִים, פְּלֵטִין, פְּלֵי׳. Bamidbar Rabbah section 19; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 765, see פָּרִיץ. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 8. Sanhedrin 108ᵃ שבחוצה לה פ׳ the property outside of the city is spared; and elsewhere—Fem. פְּלֵטָה, פְּלֵיטָה; plural פְּלֵטוֹת, פְּלֵי׳. Tosefta Maasroth 1, 6 שיבלים הפ׳ מן וכ׳ (variant reading הפולטות) ears which escaped the storage. ↗ original
פַּלְטָאPalṭa. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 10, 47ᵇ bottom of the page לוי בר פ׳ (Vayikra Rabbah section 23 פרטא). ↗ original
פַּלְטִי (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Palti, Paltiel, to whom Michal the daughter of Saul was given as wife, but who, according to tradition, did not live with her because of her betrothal to David. Sanhedrin 19ᵇ; see פָּלַט; Vayikra Rabbah section 23; and elsewhere ↗ original
פֹּלִטְיָא (πολιτεία) citizenship. Pesikta Rabbati section 15 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see אִיסוֹפּוֹלִיטְיָא. ↗ original
פְּלַטְיָא 1Plaṭia. Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 4. ↗ original
פְּלַטְיָא 2 (πλατεῖα, supply (understood word) ὁδός, platea) wide street, highway; open place (corresp. to Hebrew רְחוֹב). Shabbath 6ᵃ המוציא מחנות לפ׳ he that carries an object from the shop to the street (or open place). the same place (ibid.) פ׳ גדולה a large thoroughfare. Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 וכל פ׳ ופ׳ עשרין (העיר) וכ׳ and each open place in Jerusalem had twenty-four alleys. Bereshith Rabbah section 41, end (referring to Isaiah 51, 23 וכחוץ) מה פ׳ זו מבלה וכ׳ as the highway wears out the passers-by, but itself remains, so shall thy children etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 337; Bereshith Rabbah section 69 פלטירה (correct accordingly). Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 161; Tanchuma T’tsav 3 edition Buber edition רמז לכבשן ונעשה פ׳ the Lord motioned to the furnace (in a depression), and it became a level surface; Tanchuma the same place (ibid.) פלניי׳ (correct accordingly; Yalkut Shimoni Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 978 הציף … והשוהו לארץ וכ׳; see Sanhedrin 92ᵇ). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, 2ᵇ bottom of the page פתוחין לפ׳ אחת (not לפלטית) opening to the same open place or street; and frequently—[Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 6 חוץ לפ׳, read: לפלטיר, see פַּלְטֵר 2.—Makkoth 24ᵃ, see פּוּטְיוֹלִין.]—plural פְּלַטְיוֹת, פְּלַטְיָאוֹת, פְּלַטְיי׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath the passage cited פתוחים לשתי פ׳ opening each to a different street. Echah Rabbah the passage cited Bereshith Rabbah section 41; section 69; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah the passage cited מרביצין אותן בפלטריות וכ׳ (בפולטר׳, read י for ר) they laid them down (like paving stones) in the streets and passed rammers over them. Bereshith Rabbah section 31; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 53 פלטיאות aisles, see above. ↗ original
פְּלַטְיָא , construct state פְּלַטְיַית. Targum Job 29, 7 manuscript (edition פתאה). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 13, 17 פּלְטִיתָא (read: פְּלַטְיָתָהּ); and elsewhere—plural פְּלַטְיָיתָא, פְּלַטְיָאתָא, פַּלְטִיוָן, פַּלְטִיוָתָא (incorr. פְּלַטְיוּת). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 19, 2 פלטיות קרתא (Hebrew text רחוב). Targum I Chronicles 1, 48 (Hebrew text רחובות). Targum Psalms 55, 12 פַּלְטִיוָתָהּ edition Lagarde edition (edition Vilna edition פלטיותא; manuscript פְּלַטְיָיהָא; Hebrew text רְחֹבָהּ). Targum Job 30, 14 פְּלַטְיַית edition Lagarde edition (edition Vilna edition פלטיות). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 42, 6. the same place (ibid.) 10, 11 פְּלַטְיַאת קרתא (not פליט׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 פ׳ דקרתא, Hebrew text רחבת עיר). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 22, 39 פלטיון קרתא (Hebrew text קרית חצות); and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 3, 6ᵃ באילין פלטיותא וכ׳ in the streets of Sepphoris. ↗ original
פַּלָּטִין common gender (palatium, παλάτιον) palace. [Targum Lamentations 4, 1, read with edition Lagarde edition פִּיטָלוֹן.] Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 12, 15 (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פַּלְטוֹרִין). Targum 2 Esther 1, 9; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 12 לפ׳ גדולה וכ׳ like a large palace with many entrances. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 10, 12ᶜ אין גדולה בפ׳ של מלך in the king’s palace (the Temple) no rank is recognized (all are alike); and very frequently—plural same. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 47, 27.—5. פַּלְטֵרִין↗ original
פַּלָּטִינוֹס (palatinus, παλατῖνος) (supply (understood word) mons) the Palatine Hill, a name given to royal residences in general (see Dio Cassius 53, 16); especially Palatinus, a name given by the Samaritans to Mount Gerizim. Bereshith Rabbah section 32 עבר בהדין פלטאנוס (variant reading ניס …, נים …; correct accordingly) passed that Palatinus (on his way to Jerusalem); the same place (ibid.) section 81 פלטנוס (not ת …); Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 4 חד פלאטנוס (correct accordingly); Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 57 פלטניס (correct accordingly); (Devarim Rabbah section 3 הר גריזים). courtier, palace-guard, nobleman.—plural פַּלָּטִינִין; (Lat. form) פַּלָּטִינִי, פַּלָּא׳. Bamidbar Rabbah section 1 שבטו של לוי פ׳ היו the tribe of Levi was the palace-guard (royal body-guard in the Temple). Bamidbar Rabbah section 5 אע"פ שהיתה משפחת קהת פ׳ וכ׳ although the Kehath family vere palatini, when carrying the Ark they carried it like slaves (on their shoulders, no rank being recognized before God, see פַּלָּטִין). Ruth Rabbah to 1, 2 (explained אפרתים, the same place (ibid.)) פלטייאני (correct accordingly); Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) I פלאטוני (correct accordingly); Vayikra Rabbah section 2 (referring to אפרים, Jeremiah 31, 19) פלטיאני (correct accordingly). Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 45 (referring to אפרת I Chronicles 2, 19) פלטיני בת מלכים וכ׳ (παλατίνη) a palatina, a daughter of nobles; the same place (ibid.) בן פלטוני בן מלכים וכ׳ (correct accordingly) a son of noblemen, a son of kings etc. Bamidbar Rabbah section 13 בן פלוטומנין, פולוט׳; Pesikta Rabbati section 7 פולטומין (correct accordingly). ↗ original
פַּלְטֵר 2 (πωλητήρ, πωλητήριον) shop-keeper, especially seller of bakers’ ware; shop, especially bakery-shop. Avodah Zarah 4, 9 (55ᵇ) מוליכין עמו פת לפ׳ you may carry your own bread with his (the non-observant baker’s) to the shop-keeper. Demai 5, 4 הלוקח מן הפ׳ וכ׳ he who buys bread at the shop (which contains bread of different batches) must give tithes of each form separately, contradistinguished to מנפול. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 7, beginning 51ᵃ, and elsewhere לוקח מן הפ׳, see סִידְקִי. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 7, 37ᶜ top ובלבד שלא יעשה פליטר (not יעשו; Rabbenu Shimshon to the same place (ibid.) 7, 3 פלטר) provided he is not made (their regular) shop-keeper (selling at the same place, at all times). Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 6 שנמכרת חוץ לפ׳ (not לפלטיא), see קַיבָר; and frequently ↗ original
פַּלְטֵר Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 8, 11ᵃ bottom of the page ואנא סמיך על פ׳ (not לפ׳) but I have to rely (for my supply) on the shop-keeper; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 8, beginning 51ᵃ לטלפירא (correct accordingly). Bereshith Rabbah section 22 אזל ויתיב קמי פ׳ (the dog) sits down in front of the shop (or stand); the same place (ibid.) מרי פ׳ the shop-keeper; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 36; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 840; [Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) reads פַּרְטֵירָא (πρατήριον) market]. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 2, end, 3ᵃ פַּלְטֵירֵה the goods of his shop, see פּוּרָה; and elsewhere—plural פַּלְטֵרִין, פַּלְטֵי׳goods for sale. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 3, end, 9ᵇ בר נש דיהב לחבריה פליטורין בשוקא וכ׳ (correct accordingly, or פוֹלִיטֵירִין) if a man put goods (on a stand) in the market in charge of his neighbor, and he left them in charge of his minor son or daughter, and they were stolen or lost, he is not bound to pay; שאני אומר לא על דעת פ׳ בשוק (a defective sentence, perhaps מסרן לו is to be supplied) for I may say, has he not given them as goods on exhibit in the market? (hence he was not bound to lock them up). ↗ original
פַּלְטֵרִין (πραιτώριον, prætorium) headquarters; palace, residence; country-seat. Sanhedrin 2, 3 (20ᵃ) אינו יוצא מפתח פ׳ שלו (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition פלטו׳, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פלטין) must not leave his royal residence (to escort the dead). Bamidbar Rabbah section 1 end אף … ועושה אותן בני פַלְטַירִי so I will bring them near me and make them sons of my palace (= פַּלָּטִינִי); [Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 695 פלטנטירין; Tanchuma B’midb. 26 פלמנטרין, see פַּלְמַנְטָר]. Bamidbar Rabbah section 13 כשתכנס … לפ׳ שלך when thou enterest thy province and comest to thy headquarters. the same place (ibid.) והיו בני המדינה עומדים על פתח פ׳ … יכנס המלך לפַלְטרוֹ (not לפלטר) the citizens stood at the entrance of the palace and cried, let the king enter his palace. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 3 שהוא רוצה לבנות פלטרים שלו (corrupted פלטרין) who wishes to build his palace; and frequently—plural פַּלְטֵירִין, פַּלְטוֹרִין. Esther Rabbah to 1, 2 כל אחד ואחד היו לו שני פ׳ וכ׳ each had two residences, one for the summer etc.; and elsewhere—Fem. form: פַּלְטוֹרָה, פַּלְטֵירָה. Sifré Deuteronomy 309 פלטו׳ אחת; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 942 פלטי׳, see below.—plural פַּלְטוֹרִיּוֹת, פַּלְטֵירִיאוֹת. the same place (ibid.) מי שהורישו אביו עשר פ׳ ועמד וקנה פלטורה אחת וכ׳ one to whom his father left ten country-seats, but he rose and bought one with his own money, and this he loved מכל פ׳ שהנחילו אביו (not רה …) more than all the residences that his father had left him. Sifré Deuteronomy 353; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 959. Koheleth Rabbah to 6, 3 שתי פַלְטֵרִיּוֹת, see above. Bereshith Rabbah section 71 ירש אשר פ׳ מה וכ׳ (not ירש גבהי) Asher possessed more residences (abroad) than Judah possessed districts; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 128 פלטיאות (correct accordingly).—[פלטריות Bereshith Rabbah section 41, and elsewhere, see פְּלַטְיָא.] ↗ original
פְּלֵטָתָא = Hebrew פְּלֵיטָה, escaped, remnants. Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 265 לא מן פ׳ דעמא דסדום אתון are you not of the escaped of the people of Sodom?; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Shimʿu, p. 117ᵇ פלטאתא. ↗ original
*פָּלִי (πόλυ) much. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 3, 34ᵈ bottom of the page, see בריכסון. ↗ original
פלי (Biblical Hebrew) to split, separate; to remove; to search; see פֶּלֶא, פְּלִיאָה.Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְלָאto be remote, hidden, obscure. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 119, 18 א־נה נִפְלֵאת וכ׳ it (the Law) is not hidden, as it is said (Deuteronomy 30, 11) etc.; לא נִפְלֵאת אלא ממך וכ׳ it is hidden from thee only (through thy own fault), who didst not take pains to study it. 5. נִפְלָא 3Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְלִיא (compare פרֹש) to distinguish, speak distinctly, clearly; especially (supply (understood word) נֶדֶר) to utter a distinct vow (with referring to Numbers 6, 2). Nazir 62ᵃ; Bamidbar Rabbah section 10 יודע להַפְלוֹת, לַפְלוֹת (from פָּלָה) who knows how to express a vow (is conscious of its bearings); Sifré Numbers 22. (denominative of פֶּלֶא) to do strange, wonderful things. Berachoth 60ᵇ מַפְלִיא לעשות who does wonderful things.—[Tosefta Avodah Zarah 3 (4), 19 מפליא ויצא edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.), missing in edition, a corrupt gloss for מפליא ליצנותא, see לֵיצָנוּתָא.] to search, question. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 3 ואין מי שיַפְלִיא אחריהן and none questions the correctness of their decision; Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 151. to be too difficult to decide. Bamidbar Rabbah section 21 וה׳ ממנו and he (Moses) could not decide it. the same place (ibid.) שה׳ מן משה שיש צדיקים וכ׳ Moses was unable to decide, because many a righteous man prides himself …, and the Lord weakens his power (as a punishment).—participle passive מוּפְלָא which see Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּלֵּאto search, see next word↗ original
פלי ²to search; (euphem.) to search one’s garment for vermin. Shabbath 12ᵃ אין פּוֹלִין לאור הנר you must not search by lamp light (on the Sabbath); and elsewhere Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּילָּהsame. the same place (ibid.) 1, 3 לא יְפַלֶּה את כליו וכ׳ (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition יֲפַלֵּא) one must not examine one’s garments etc. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 16 (17), 22 המְפַלֶּה (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) המְפַלֵּא); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 3ᵇ המפלא; and frequently—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 2, 49ᵈ לפלה edition Zyt. (edition Krot. לפנע) read: לפנות, see פָּנָה.] Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְלָהto distinguish, speak distinctly, see the precedingto mystify, see next word↗ original
פְּלֵי (see the preceding words) to split, cut open. Bava Bathra 160ᵇ; 164ᵇ פּלְיֵיה וחזייה he ripped open the tied-up document and saw it (that the signature was in the folds). Chullin 11ᵃ דילמא דפ׳ ליה וכ׳ may it not be that he (the priest) opened the skull and examined it? Yoma 87ᵃ הוה יתיב וקא פָלֵי רישא was sitting and chopping (an animal’s) head. Sanhedrin 108ᵇ קא פָאלֵי וכ׳ was opening pomegranates; and elsewhere Pa'el פִּעֵל פַּלֵּיto search (garments). Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 82ᵃ top מְפַלֵּא מאנוי searching his garments. to search after, glean; to remove. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 24, 20 (Hebrew text תפאר). the same place (ibid.) 26, 13 (Hebrew text בערתי). Targum I Kings 16, 3. Targum Zephaniah, Book of 3, 15 (Hebrew text פנה); and frequently—[Targum I Samuel 2, 25, see below.] Af'el הִפְעִיל אַפְלֵיto do strange, wonderful things; to go to the extreme of. Targum Isaiah 9, 5 מַפְלֵי edition Lagarde edition (edition Vilna edition מַפְלְיָא; other edition מַפְלִיא Hebraism).—Avodah Zarah 44ᵃ מַפְלְיָא, see לֵיצָנוּתָא. to decide, arbitrate. Targum I Samuel 2, 25 (Bxt. וִיפַלֵּי, Pa'el; Hebrew text פלל). (with ב; compare Isaiah 29, 14) to mystify, perplex, outwit, fool. Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 רבתי (חד מאת׳ 8) חד … והוה מַפְלֵי … סגי an Athenian used to come to Jerusalem and outwit the Jerusalemites frequently. the same place (ibid.) מכאן ולהבא לא תַפְלֵי וכ׳ henceforth thou shalt not again attempt to outwit etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 42, see מְרֵי. Bereshith Rabbah section 91 למה אַפְלְיַית בי why didst thou mystify (deceive) me?; לא אַפְלְיִית בך I did not deceive thee; Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 11 אַפְלְיַת, אַפְלִית; Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 5, end, 54ᵇ אַפְלֵיתָה, אַפְלֵיתִי; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 7, 11ᵇ bottom of the page; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 148. the same place (ibid.) 62 מה את מַפְלֵי בי (Bereshith Rabbah section 38 מה את מַפְלֶה בי) why wilt thou fool me? Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 9, 38ᵈ, see לֵי; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּלִיאָהhidden thing, secret; miracle. Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 3, 77ᶜ top (frequently Ben Sira) פ׳ ממך מה תדע why wilt thou attempt to know what is hidden from thee? (see מוּפְלָא). Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 119, 18 (referring to Psalms 139, 6) פ׳ זו התוֹרה ‘the secret’, that means the Law. Bamidbar Rabbah section 10 (referring to פלאי, Judges 13, 18) לפי פ׳ ופ׳ וכ׳ according to each miracle that he (the Lord) performs through us (angels), he names us. ↗ original
פְּלִיגָא 1 (פְּלַג) division, discord. Bamidbar Rabbah section 18 (referring to Numbers 16, 1) אין ויקח אלא לשון פ׳ ‘and he took away’ has the meaning of division. portion, see פַּלְגָּא. ↗ original
פְּלִיגָא 2Mount P’liga (Division). Targum Joshua 11, 17 (Hebrew text ההר החלק). ↗ original
פַּלְיוּם (pallium, πάλλιον) sheet, blanket; mantle. Niddah 8, 1, see אַפַּלְיוֹן. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 16, 15ᵈ top פיליון (correct accordingly); Babylonian Shabbath 120ᵃ אפיליות (correct accordingly, see אַפַּלְיוֹן). Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 4ᶜ bottom of the page מעבר ליה בפיליוס (correct accordingly) put a sheet over it; and elsewhere—plural פַּלְיוֹנוֹת. Sifra M’tsorʿa, Nega'im, Parah 7, Chaldaic (Aramaic) V אפי הוא לבוש … ועטוף עשרה פ׳ Rabad (edition פולייוניות, correct accordingly) even if he is clothed …, and wrapped in ten pallia. ↗ original
פְּלִיזָא (compare Arab. falaz) bronzed or gilt. Bava Kamma 113ᵇ זבין לקנא … במר די פ׳ Munich manuscript (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) בכלל דפ׳; edition דפרזלא, correct accordingly; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) bought a flask of solid gold for plated ware. ↗ original
פָּלִיטone that escaped, survivor. Sanhedrin 105ᵇ שריד ופ׳ remnant or survivor. Bereshith Rabbah section 42 הוא עוג הוא פ׳ Og and ‘he that had escaped’ (Genesis 14, 13) are the same person; and elsewhere—plural פְּלֵיטִים, פְּלֵטִים, see פָּלֵט. ↗ original
פְּלֵיטָהescape, safety; remnant. Bereshith Rabbah section 76 [read:] אע"פ שנשארו לפ׳ הֱיוּ מתענין עליהן וכ׳ (see Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 131) although they (in the diaspora) have been allowed to escape (from the persecutions in Palestine), yet fast (and pray) for them etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 38 נשתיירה מהן פ׳ a remnant of them was left; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּלֵיטִיתP’leṭith, name of a Sodomite woman who, according to a legend, was put to death for feeding a poor family (see Bereshith Rabbah section 49). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 18, 21; Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 25 פלוטית וכ׳ P. daughter of Lot; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 83 פְּלֵטַת. ↗ original
פַּלִּיָיא (παλαιά) old. Vayikra Rabbah section 33 (not פיל׳; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פליאה), see בְּלֵי I; Yalkut Shimoni Daniel 1061 פליא. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 4 פילאי (correct accordingly), see באמי. ↗ original
פָּלְיַית construct state (פְּלֵי) searcher; פ׳ חֵיוָאhedgehog. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 11, 30 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (variant reading פַּיְילַת, frequently פּוּל; edition מינקת חויא), see יָילָא. Ylamdenu to Numbers 22, 29, quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (Tanchuma Balak 9 אנקה). ↗ original
פָּלִיל , plural פְּלִילִים(Biblical Hebrew; arbitration; arbiters, judges. Mechilta Mishpatim, section 8 אין פ׳ אלא דיינין p’lilim (Exodus 21, 22) means judges. ↗ original
פְּלִילָהthe preceding) argument, plea; decision, judgment. Sanhedrin 111ᵇ (referring to פליליה, Isaiah 28, 7) אין פ׳ אלא דייניםp’lilah means the verdict of judges; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 302; Megillah 15ᵇ, see next word—plural פְּלִילוֹת. Sanhedrin 44ᵃ (referring to ויפלל, Psalms 106, 30) עשה פ׳ עם קונו he pleaded with his Maker; the same place (ibid.) 82ᵇ; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 865; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּלִילִיָּה (Biblical Hebrew) same. Megillah 15ᵇ אין פ׳ אלא משפט Munich manuscript (edition אין פ׳ אלא דיינין; some edition פלילה, see the preceding) p’liliyyah means verdict. ↗ original
פְּלִימוֹP’limo, name of a Tannai. Pesachim 8ᵇ. Menachoth 37ᵃ. Sotah 4ᵃ, see פְּנִימוֹן. ↗ original
פליסופוס , Sifré Deuteronomy 307; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 942 פילוסופ׳, name of a Roman officer who condemned R. Ḥanania to be burnt with the book of the Law. ↗ original
פְּלִיפָּא (philippus, Philippi) Plippa, Pilippi, Pilpi, name of an Amora. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 68ᵇ top (edition Krot. פליטה, correct accordingly). Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 4, 75ᵃ bottom of the page פילפי.—Bereshith Rabbah section 71 פליפי; Yalkut Shimoni Kings 208 פפי. ↗ original
פליריכוס , Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 813, a corruption, see קלידיקוס ↗ original
פֶּלֶךְ פלך to cut out, round; compare פֶּלַח) [circle,] district. Bava Bathra 21ᵃ התקינו … בכל פ׳ ופ׳ they ordained that teachers must be appointed, one for each district. Makkoth 7ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) 12ᵇ בן לוי … גולה מפ׳ לפ׳ … לפִלְכוֹ פִּלְכוֹ קולט a Levite (native of a place of refuge) who has killed a person accidentally flees from one district to another, but if he flees to his own native (juridical) district, his district protects him; Zevachim 117ᵃ; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 323; and frequently—plural פְּלָכִים, פְּלָכִין. Tosefta Bikkurim 2, 8 לא … יחידים אלא פ׳ פ׳ they did not go up (to Jerusalem, with the first-fruits) singly, but by districts. [ball of tow, wool etc.,] distaff or spindle. Kethuboth 9, 4 (86ᵇ) על פִּילְכָהּ ועל עיסתה a husband may administer an oath to his wife on her distaff (on what she spins or weaves) and on her dough. Yoma 66ᵇ (in answer to a woman’s question) אין חכמה לאשה אלא בפ׳ there is no wisdom for woman except at the distaff. Bereshith Rabbah section 56, end לאשה שנתעשרה מפִּלְכָהּ … ומן הפ׳ הזה וכ׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) מפלחה … הפלח) like a woman that became rich through her distaff (or spindle, spinning or weaving), and she says, since I have become rich through this distaff (spindle), it shall not part from etc.; and frequently—Transferred vocation, duty. Bereshith Rabbah section 71, see הוֹדָאָה; the same place (ibid.) רחל תפסה פ׳ שתיקה Rachel made silence her duty (not to betray her sister when she was substituted for her); Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 28; and elsewhere—מחזיק בפ׳ holding the distaff, being like a woman, forced to stay home, lame. Tanchuma Masʿé 12 (explained מחזיק בפ׳, 2 Samuel 3, 29, among the curses that fell back on the house of David) שנעשה כאשה שאחזתו פודגרה he (Asa) became like a woman, for podagra seized him; Sanhedrin 48ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 61ᵃ bottom of the page ומחזיק בפ׳ זה יואש ‘and holding a distaff’, that means Joash (who was abused like a woman); and elsewhere ↗ original
פֶּלֶךְ ²district. Targum Deuteronomy 3, 4 construct state פְּלָךְ (O. edition Berlin edition פַּלַךְ, edition Vienna edition פָּלָךְ). Targum Esther 1, 22; and frequently—plural פִּלְכִין, פִּלְכַיָּא, פִּי׳. the same place (ibid.) פִּילְכֵי מלכא edition Lagarde edition (edition Vienna edition פַּלְחֵי, correct accordingly). Targum Joshua 17, 11 (edition Vilna edition פַּלְ׳). Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 1, 12. Targum Song of Songs 3, 11; and frequently distaff, spindle. Kethuboth 72ᵇ קא שדיא פִילְכָהּ וטווה וכ׳ casting the spindle and spinning etc. (see וָרָד); פסיקתיה לפילכה וכ׳ she broke (the thread of) her spindle and threw it away (as if it had accidentally slipped); אמרה עולם הב לי פִילְכָאִי Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition פלך) she said, young man, hand me my spindle; Sanhedrin 95ᵃ; Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 155; and elsewhere—Megillah 14ᵇ (proverb) אתתא בהדי שותא פילכא (supply (understood word) שדיא) a woman handles the shuttle while she talks, i.e. pursues two aims at a time; [Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word שותא: פַּלְכָהspins.] ↗ original
פָּלַל (Biblical Hebrew) to separate, divide. Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּילֵּלto arbitrate, intercede; in a transferred sense to pray. Shabbath 55ᵇ (referring to פׄחׄזׄ, Genesis 49, 4) פִּ֗ילַּלְתָּה חׄלתה זׄרחה וכ׳ thou didst plead, thou didst pray, thy prayer rose etc. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְפַּלֵּל,Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְפַּלֵּל (denominative of תְּפִלָּה) to pray. Berachoth 5, 1 להִתְפַּלֵּל, see כּוֹבֶד. the same place (ibid.) היו שוהים … ומִתְפַּלְּלִים used to tarry a while (in meditation) and then say the prayers. the same place (ibid.) 4, 3 יִתְפַּלֵּל שמונה עשרה should pray the eighteen benedictions. the same place (ibid.) 4 מִתְפַּלֵּל תפלה קצרה says a short prayer. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 8ᵇ top ספק נתפ׳ ספק לא נ׳ if he is in doubt whether he has or has not said his prayers; and very frequently ↗ original
פְּלַל , to argue, debate (see פלפל). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 8, 38ᵇ top מאן גדם לך דלא פַלְתָּה עם חביריך what brought it on thee (that thou couldst not solve that problem)? That thou didst not hold debates with thy fellow students; Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 11, 42ᶜ bottom of the page ילפתה (correct accordingly). ↗ original
פְּלַלְגוּלָה (reduplic. of פְּלַג; compare pallacana) dwarfonion. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 1, 27ᵃ, explained בְּצַלְצוּל which see ↗ original
פָּלַםto be round, smooth (compare Arab. tafailam pinguis fuit); only in participle Pu. מְפוּלָּםsmooth, viscous.—plural מְפוּלָּמִין, מְפוּלָּמוֹת. Betzah 24ᵇ דגים המפ׳ moist fish (fresh-caught). Zevachim 54ᵃ אבנים מפ׳ smooth stones (fresh from the ground). Chagigah 12ᵃ (explained בהו Genesis 1, 2) אלו אבנים המפ׳ וכ׳ that means the smooth (chaotic) stones which are sunk in the deep etc. (with referring to אבני בהו, Isaiah 34, 11); Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 4.—Targum Job 28, 3 אבנין מפולמין וכ׳ (manuscript edition Vilna edition מְפוּלָּמָן) smooth (chaotic) stones out of which darkness proceeds (Hebrew text אבן אפל). ↗ original
פַּלְמַנְטָר (frumentarius) military purveyor, commissary, imperial agent (see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Frumentarius). Ylamdenu to Deuteronomy 3, 23 and the following, quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) משה היה פַּלְמַנְטָרוֹ וכ׳ Moses was the Lord’s special agent (see Numbers 12, 7). Yalkut Shimoni Lamentations 1001 פלמנסר של מלך (correct accordingly)—plural פַּלְמַנְטָרִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 3ᵇ bottom of the page למלך ששלח שני פ׳ וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. edition Lehm. (edition פלמטרין, correct accordingly) like a king who sent out two frumentarii (negotiators); with regard to one he wrote, give him no credit unless he shows my signature and seal etc.; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 2; Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 41ᶜ bottom of the page סימנטירין (correct accordingly). Tanchuma B’midb. 26 [read:] אף אני מקרבן ועושם פ׳ שלי וכ׳ I, too, shall bring them near, and make them my special agents, and entrust my house and my sanctity to none but them; Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 695 פלטנטירין (correct accordingly); see פַּלְטֵרִין.—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, 65ᵈ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 1, 60ᶜ bottom of the page פלמנטרין, see פְּלוּמַטְרִין.] ↗ original
פְּלַן masculine = Hebrew פְּלוֹנִי. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 3, 63ᵈ top אנא פ׳ בר פ׳ … ליך אנת פלנית בת פ׳ … מיקמת פ׳ וכ׳ I—son of—betroth thee—daughter of—, with the condition that I give thee an estate bearing the name of—, and to marry thee on the day—etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 4, 6ᵃ bottom of the page ביום פ׳ on such and such a day (naming the date). Bereshith Rabbah section 21, beginning (referring to לפלמוני Daniel 8, 13) לפלניא (some edition לפְלַנְיָיה) to a certain defined person; Yalkut Shimoni Daniel 1066. Koheleth Rabbah to 10, 5 פסוק פ׳ בתר פ׳ I recited that certain verse, and then that. Gittin 69ᵇ (in an incantation) פלוני בר פלוניתא thou—, son of—; and very frequently—Fem. פְּלָנִית, פְּלָנִיתָא, פְּלַנְתָּא, (פְּלוֹנִיתָא). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 8, 31ᶜ אין הדא פ׳ תסבי להדין פלוני בעלה וכ׳ if that woman—be married to that man—, her betrothed husband, and etc. Pesachim 112ᵃ; and very frequently ↗ original
פלן , Bereshith Rabbah section 48 פ׳ של אבינו אברהם, see פִּילוֹן↗ original
פְּלַס (compare פָּלַשׁ I) to split, pick to pieces. Bava Kamma 19ᵇ ההוא חמרא … ופַלְסֵיה לסלא an ass ate (a neighbor’s) bread and picked the basket to pieces. the same place (ibid.) אכיל והדר פָּלֵיס he eats first and then picks to pieces. Pa'el פִּעֵל פַּלֵּיסsame. the same place (ibid.) אורחיה נמי לפַלּוּסֵי סלא it is also his habit to demolish a basket. ↗ original
פְּלַסְטוֹן (πλαστόν) fabricated, a fraud. Bamidbar Rabbah section 8 the nations said תורתן של אלו פ׳ הוא that people’s Law is a fraud (they do not observe it themselves); Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 28 פלסתר. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 5, end, 10ᵈ שעישין התורה פלסטרן ואת משה טפש (correct accordingly) they (the usurers), declare the Law (forbidding usury) a fraud, and Moses a fool; Tosefta Bava Metzia 6, 17 פלסטר; (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 75ᵇ משה חכם ותורתו אמת, euphem.). Ylamdenu to Numbers 16, quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פ׳ הוא תורתו וכ׳ the law of Moses is a fraud. Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 321 מה שאנו רואים … פלסטרו הוא (correct accordingly) as far as we can judge your Law, it is a fraud (its predictions are not inspired); the same place (ibid.) אין דבר בתורה פלסטרון ולא וכ׳ not a word in the Law is a fabrication or a falsehood. Tanchuma edition Buber edition Lekh 10 פלסטין הוא (correct accordingly) the document is forged. ↗ original
פְּלַסְטִינִי (Παλαιστίνη) Palestine (Philistæa). Bereshith Rabbah section 90 end (referring to Genesis 41, 54) בשלש ארצות בפניקיא ובפ׳ … in the three countries, Phœnicia, Arabia and Palestine; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 148 בקפוטיקי … ובפלסטים (correct accordingly). Vayikra Rabbah section 5 (referring to גת פלשתים Amos 6, 2) אלין תלוליא דפ׳ that means the mounds of Philistia; Bamidbar Rabbah section 10; Yalkut Shimoni Amos 545 דפלסתני (corrupted acc). Echah Rabbah to 1, 5 דוכוס דפ׳ the dux (commander) of Palestine. ↗ original
פְּלַסְטִיר (πλάστηρ = πλάστης) forger. [This meaning of πλάστης is not recorded elsewhere.] Avodah Zarah 11ᵇ בר קירי פ׳ Munich manuscript (edition סך קירי פלסתר) (supposed to mean) אחוה דמרנא זייפנא the brother of our lord, the forger. (πλαστήριον) fraud, forgery, illegal document [not recorded in this sense]. Tosefta Bava Metzia 6, 17, see פְּלַסְטוֹן. Vayikra Rabbah section 19 (the Book of Deuteronomy complained) עיקרני … ועשאני פ׳ וכ׳ Solomon has uprooted me and made me a forgery, for a document of which two or three points are void, is null and void in its entirety. Berachoth 31ᵇ ואי אתה עושה תורתך פ׳ and thou wilt not make thy Law a fraud (by not fulfilling what is predicted, Numbers 5, 28). Sukkah 29ᵃ כותבי פלסתר forgers of documents or signatures; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 5 פלסטיר variant reading (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) פלסתר). ↗ original
פְּלֹסְלוֹס (reduplic. of פלס; compare פּוּלְסָא) p’loslos, a sort of lupine, homogeneous with תורמוס. Kilayim 1, 3 (Munich manuscript סלוסלות, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 2; explained Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 27ᵃ פרמועה. ↗ original
פלסתני , see supply (understood word) פְּלַסְט׳. ↗ original
פִּלְפּוּל (פִּלְפֵּל) discussion, debate. Bava Bathra 145ᵇ בעל פ׳ master in dialectics. Avoth 6 פ׳ התלמידים the debates among scholars. Temurah 16ᵃ החזירן … מתוך פִּילְפּוּלוֹ Othniel … restored them (the lost interpretations of the Law) through his reasoning; and elsewhere ↗ original
פִּלְפּוּלָא Nedarim 38ᵃ פ׳ בעלמא only deductions by argument (were given to Moses exclusively, and he communicated them to the people). Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 4, 42ᵈ מפִּילְפּוּל חבירייא שמעית הא I learned this from the students’ arguments. Eruvin 67ᵃ רב ששת מרתע … מפִּילְפּוּלֵיה וכ׳ R. Sh. trembled all over his body, when R. H. argued. Kethuboth 103ᵇ אם … מהדרני ליה מפִּילְפּוּלִי if, God forefend, the Law should be forgotten in Israel, I could restore it by my argumentation; Bava Metzia 85ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original
פִּלְפֵּל (see פָּלַל a. פּוּל) to search. Tanchuma Vayesheb הוצרך … לפַלְפֵּל בעפר וכ׳ (some edition לפַשְׁפֵּשׁ) the king had need of searching in the dust and among the pebbles to find the pearl. Tosefta Bava Bathra 7, 5 כל דבר שלא פִּלְפְּלוּ בו יתומין וכ׳ the first-born gets a double share of whatever the heirs had no need of searching for (being ready on hand at the father’s death). Shabbath 31ᵃ (among the questions which the dead are asked on appearing before the seat of judgment) פִּלְפַּלְתָּה בחכמה hast thou been a searcher after wisdom? to argue, debate. Bava Metzia 85ᵇ לא פִּלְפַּלְתִּי בתורה כמותו Manuscript Rome (edition תורה) did I not argue on the Law like him? תורה כמותו פִּלְפַּלְתָּ וכ׳ thou didst argue … like him, but thou didst not spread learning like him; and elsewhere ↗ original
פַּלְפֵּל 1 , to argue, reason. Targum Job 11, 12 sec. version (first version חריף; Hebrew text נבוב). ↗ original
פַּלְפֵּל 2 [to be round, see next word,] to roll in, cover with (compare פָּלַשׁ 2; Syriac (Peshitta) פלפל inquinavit, Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 3130). Targum Job 16, 15 (Hebrew text עלל).—participle passive מְפַלְפַּל. Targum 2 Esther 4, 16. Ithpalp. אִתְפַּלְפֵּלto roll one’s self. the same place (ibid.) l. ↗ original
פִּלְפָּל (פלל to be round, roll) ball, grain, especially pepper. Shabbath 6, 5 (64ᵇ) בפ׳ ובגרגיר מלח with a grain of pepper (Rashi: a bit of ‘long pepper’) or a grain of salt (in the mouth); the same place (ibid.) 65ᵃ פ׳ לריח הפה pepper (is put in the mouth) to dispel the bad odor etc. the same place (ibid.) 9, 6 (90ᵃ) פלפלת כל שהו any quantity of (long) pepper; and elsewhere—plural פִּלְפָּלִין, פִּילְ׳. Berachoth 36ᵇ הפ׳ חייבין בערלה pepper-trees are subject to the law of ʿOrlah. Betzah 2, 9 הרחים של פ׳ pepper-mill. Treatise Sof’rim 15, 8 נמשלה … והמשנה כפ׳ the Torah is compared to salt, the Mishnah to pepper. Yerushalmi (prefix) Horayoth 3, 48ᶜ top מלח בזול פ׳ ביוקר salt is cheap, pepper is dear; איפשר לעולם … בלא פ׳ וכ׳ (not פלפילין) the world can live without pepper, but not without salt; and frequently—[Koheleth Rabbah to 9, 13, see פִּילּוֹן.] ↗ original
פִּלְפְּלָא Kethuboth 75ᵃ אפשר דנקיט פ׳ וכ׳ he may take a grain (or a bit) of pepper in his mouth (to dispel the bad smell) and perform his priestly function. Megillah 7ᵃ חדא פ׳ חריפתא one grain of sharp pepper, see חָרִיף; and frequently—plural פִּלְפְּלִין, פִּלְפְּלֵי, פִּילְ׳. Shabbath 141ᵃ הני פ׳ וכ׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פרפלי) grains of pepper one may crush singly (on the Sabbath). Yoma 81ᵇ, and elsewhere כס פ׳, see כְּסַס. Pesachim 42ᵇ פי׳ אֲרִיכָתָא (Munich manuscript פילפלא אריכְתָּא) long pepper; Gittin 69ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original
פִּלְפְּלָן (פִּלְפֵּל, with play on פִּלְפָּל) one skilled in arguing, debater. Yerushalmi (prefix) Horayoth 3, 48ᶜ top הסודרן קודם לפיל׳ (Babylonian edition סדרן … לפל׳, not לין …) the systematic collector of traditions is preferable to the dialectician. the same place (ibid.) (Babylonian edition) מאי את בעי מר׳ אימי דהוא סדרן והוא פ׳ (not הפ׳) what do you want of R. 1., who is both a systematizer and a debater?; Yerushalmi (prefix) edition מיתבעי מר׳ אימי הוא הפ׳ (correct accordingly). ↗ original
פָּלַץ (Biblical Hebrew) to split, shatter. Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְפַּלֵּץto be split, cracked. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 60, edition Buber edition בשעה שאמר לו יואב הדברים האלו רעשה הארץ נִתְפַּלְּצָה עליהם ונתקפלה תחתיו ונמצא עומד דוד להכותו when Joab said to him (Moab) these words, the earth quaked; it was split around them, and folded itself under his feet, and presently David stood there to smite him (Moab). ↗ original
פַּלְקָא (the preceding) fissure, wound. Koheleth Rabbah to 6, 11 או חד פ׳ וכ׳ he receives either a wound etc., see פִּדְעָא. ↗ original
פִּלַּקְתָּא = Hebrew פִּלֶּגֶשׁ. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 36, 12. the same place (ibid.) 22, 24. Targum I Chronicles 1, 32 (some edition פַּלְקְתָא); and elsewhere—plural פִּילַּקְתִין, פִּילַ׳. the same place (ibid.) 3, 9. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 25, 6 (edition Vienna edition פְּלַקְ׳); and elsewhere ↗ original
פָּלַשׁ 1to divide, go through. Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּילֵּשׁto penetrate, go from end to end, perforate, see below., see below. to search. Bamidbar Rabbah section 14; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 29ᵇ bottom of the page (play on עלי פלשת התרועעי, Psalms 60, 10) עלי לפַלֵּשׁ להם מעשים טובים לעשותן ריעים וכ׳ it is for me to search for their good deeds and make them friendly to wards one another. (with אחר) [to dig after,] to go to extremes. Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 הם לא פִּלְּשׁוּ אחר מדת הדין והיא לא פִלְּשָׁה (היתה) אחריהם (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פִילְּ׳) they (the Israelites) did not go to the extreme of rebellion against Justice, and she (Justice) did not go to the extreme in punishing them; (variant reading in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) חִיפְּשׁוּ, חִיפְּשָׁה); the same place (ibid.) to 2, 4; 5; Yalkut Shimoni Hosea 521. Pu. פֻּעַל פּוּלָּשׁto be perforated. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 3, 53ᵈ ניקב ולא פ׳ מבפנים (not פילש) if the Ethrog is punctured but not perforated within (all through the skin).—participle מְפוּלָּשׁ; feminine מְפוּלֶּשֶׁת; plural מְפוּלָּשִׁים, מְפוּלָּשִׁין; מְפוּלָּשׁוֹת. Babylonian Sukkah 36ᵃ נקב מפ׳ a puncture going through (into the flesh). Shabbath 16, 1 מפ׳ (מבוי) an open alley, explained the same place (ibid.) 117ᵃ an alley opening into a street, not closed by a legally required fictitious partition, see לֶחִי. Eruvin 9, 4, and elsewhere גשרים המפ׳, see גֶּשֶׁר. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 8, 25ᵇ top (referring to פִּיוְסָרוֹס) לעולם אין … מפ׳ מסוף העולם וכ׳ we never call a road a public area (see רָשׁוּת), unless it is cut through from one end of the world to the other, i.e. runs in a straight line. Tosefta Kilayim 2, 1 תלמים שלשה מפ׳ וכ׳ three furrows running from one end of the field to the other. Bereshith Rabbah section 70; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 124 (play on בנות, Genesis 29, 16 = בונית) כשתי קורות המפ׳ וכ׳ like two joists extending from one end of the world to the other, the one reared princes etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 44 (referring to ומאציליה, Isaiah 41, 9) ממפ׳ שבה וכ׳ from the parts of the world that have been gone through (explored) have I called thee; and frequently ↗ original
פָּלַשׁ 2to roll in, cover with. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְפַּלֵּשׁ,Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְפַּלֵּשׁto roll one’s self, cover one’s self. Gittin 58ᵃ קרעתו ונִתְפַּלְּשָׁח באפר (not קרעתה) she rent it (the shirt) and rolled herself in the dust; Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 276. ↗ original
פְּלַשׁIthpaalאִתְפַּלֵּשׁ same. Targum Micah 1, 10. ↗ original
פְּלִשְׁתָּאָה Targum I Samuel 17, 23; and frequently—plural פְּלִשְׁתָּאֵי. the same place (ibid.); and frequently—Bamidbar Rabbah section 14 (frequently Targum Isaiah 11, 14) לממחי ית פ׳ to beat the Philistines. ↗ original
פְּלִשְׁתִּי (Biblical Hebrew) Philistine.—plural פְּלִשְׁתִּים. Sotah 8, 1 פ׳ באו וכ׳ the Philistines came with boastful reliance on etc., see נִצָּחוֹן. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 60. Bamidbar Rabbah section 14 ארץ פ׳ Philistia; and frequently ↗ original
פלתה , Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 8, 38ᵇ top, see פְּלַל↗ original
פְּלֵתִי (Biblical Hebrew) gent. n. P’lethi, Pelethi; (collect.) the body-guard of David; (homilet.) the Urim and Tummim; (other opinion) the Sanhedrin. Berachoth 4ᵃ; Sanhedrin 16ᵇ, see מוּפְלָא. ↗ original
פָּמוֹטa shaft with a receptacle for a lamp, a plain candlestick Menachoth 28ᵃ ההוא פ׳ מקרי such a candlestick without branches is named pamoṭ (and not m’norah); Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 369 פסוק (correct accordingly). Shabbath 44ᵃ פ׳ שהדליקו עליו באותה שבת Munich manuscript (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) a lampholder on which a lamp has been burnt on that (the present) Sabbath day. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 6ᶜ top (also פומט), contradistinguished to נר.—plural פָּמוֹטוֹת. Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 121ᵇ ↗ original
פַּמִּילְיָיא (familia) the slaves in a household, family servants; frequ. divine agencies, ministers. Targum Song of Songs 1, 15.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 5, 20ᶜ bottom of the page איוב … ומגדולי פמילייא וכ׳ Job was one of Pharaoh’s servants and of the grandees of his household. Chullin 7ᵇ; Sanhedrin 67ᵇ פ׳ של מעלה the heavenly household, see כַּשָּׁף. Berachoth 16ᵇ and the following שתשים שלים בפ׳ של מעלה ובפ׳ של מטה let peace reign in the heavenly household and in the household here below (thy servants on earth). Bamidbar Rabbah section 4, beginning (referring to Genesis 28, 13) ראה המלך ופ׳ שלו וכ׳ he saw the King, and his attendants stood by him to guard him. Sifra K’dosh. beginning; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 604, see חָקָה; and frequently ↗ original
פִּמְלַנְיָא (corruption of feminalia) bandages, knee-breeches. Nedarim 55ᵇ פליניא (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פלניא; correct accordingly). Niddah 13ᵇ כמין פ׳ של פרשים (Vers. in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פלניא) like the feminalia of horsemen. Bereshith Rabbah section 84 (referring to אשר עליו, Genesis 37, 23) זו פ׳ שלו this refers to his breeches; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 142 פלמניא. Kelim 27, 6 פמוליניא (edition Dehr. פימלנייה). Bereshith Rabbah section 99 אלו … לובשי פמלליא these (the priests) wear trousers, and those (the Greeks) wear feminalia. Bamidbar Rabbah section 4 עטוף פעליונין (read: פִּמְלְיוֹנִין) he was wrapped in feminalia. ↗ original
פן , Targum Jonah 1, 8 some edition ומפן, read ומנן, see מְנָן↗ original
פֶּן [eventually,] lest. Zevachim 106ᵃ כל מקום שנאמר השמר פן ואל וכ׳ wherever the Scripture has ‘be guarded, lest’, or al, it introduces a prohibitory law (see עָשָׂה); Sotah 5ᵃ, and frequently Sifré Deuteronomy 70, quoted in Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 882 השמר בלא תעשה פן בלא תעשה ‘be guarded’ means a prohibitory law, and so does ‘lest’. ↗ original
פְּנַאי (פָּנָה) emptiness, vacancy. Bamidbar Rabbah section 14 (play on אל תבהל מפניו, Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 8, 3) לא נתבהל מפ׳ הבית he (Joseph) was not bewildered by the emptiness of the house (his being alone with Potiphar’s wife). vacation, leisure, time, opportunity. Avodah Zarah 5, 6 לפי שאין פ׳ לנסך because the invaders do not take time to offer a libation (so as to make the wine forbidden, see נָסַךְ). the same place (ibid.) 71ᵃ לנסך אין פ׳ לבעול יש פ׳ for libation they do not take time, but for outrage they do. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, 45ᵃ top אין פ׳ להטיל אירס the snake (being pursued) finds no opportunity to shed venom; and frequently ↗ original
פנג , Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 22, 20 ופנגת, some edition, read: ופַגְנַת. ↗ original
פִּנְגּוּס (transp. of pignus) pledge deposited with the creditor, the usufruct of which remained the debtor’s (see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Pignus). Mechilta Yithro, Baḥod., section 1 (referring to Isaiah 45, 19) [read:] לא אמרתי לזרע יעקב לאלו אני נותנה ולא תהו בקשוני לא נתתיה פ׳ וכ׳ I did not say, ‘to the seed of Jacob’, to them only will I give the Law (and not to other nations), nor (did I say,) ‘seek me for naught’, I have not given it as a pledge (of which you cannot have the usufruct), … long before I gave you the commands, have I advanced to you the reward for them etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 275; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 325 (omitting לאלו אני נותנה ולא). ↗ original
פנגיות , Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 25, read: פגניות, see פַּגְנוּת ↗ original
פַּנְגַּר (an adaptation of πανεγυρίστης) Pangar (Encomiast), name of one of the generals (duces) before Jerusalem under Vespasian. Echah Rabbah to 1, 5 חד אמר קילוס שמיה וחד אמר פ׳ שמיה one says, the name of that dux was Ḳillus (Praise), and one says, his name was Pangar. ↗ original
*פַּנְדָּא 2Panda, name of an Amora (?). Berachoth 55ᵇ (Munich manuscript פבנא a. פרנא; En Yaăk. edition pr., a. Yoḥăsin פרנך, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). בר שיריקא פ׳ name of a demon. Shabbath 67ᵃ (Rashi פנדאי; Munich manuscript פניא). ↗ original
פַּנְדּוּרָה (πανδοῦρα, see Hesych. under the word) pandean pipe (syrinx), the shepherd’s pipe. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 7, end, 15ᵈ נותן לו כמין פ׳ he must give him a portion of his field in the shape of a syrinx (a quadrangle one side of which is half as long as its opposite). the same place (ibid.) 3, beginning 13ᵈ (explained מַשְׁכּוֹכִיתָא) אית דמרין פ׳ (edition Krot. פנדודה, correct accordingly) some say, the deliverance of the shepherd’s pipe (as symbolical possession); Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 10, end, 7ᶜ (explained ברחא), see שַׁרְקוּקִיתָא. ↗ original
פַּנְדֵּירָאPandera, (Panṭera, Panṭeri), surname of Joseph the father of Jesus of Nazareth. Koheleth Rabbah to 10, 5 חד מן אילין דבר פ׳ one of the followers of the son of P.—Tosefta Chullin 2, 22; 24; and frequently; see יֵשׁוּ. ↗ original
פָּנוּי (פָּנָה) vacant, empty; free; superfluous. Eruvin 16ᵇ ובלבד … בית סאתים פ׳ provided there is not an area of two S’ah unoccupied; explained the same place (ibid.) 17ᵃ פ׳ מכלים unoccupied by travelling implements, contradistinguished to פ׳ מאדם superfluous as regards the number of travellers (to each of whom an area of two S’ah is assigned). Shemoth Rabbah section 5; Tanchuma Vaëra 6 שבטו … פ׳ היה מעבודת פרך the tribe of Levi was exempt from hard labor; edition Buber edition the same place (ibid.) 4; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 176 פְּנוּי וכ׳, see לטרגיה. Shabbath 23ᵃ שלא יראה בעל הבית שעה פ׳ וכ׳ that the owner may not look out for a free moment (when there are no poor about), and say to his poor relative, here is the corner (פֵּאָה); Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 4, 18ᵇ קנויה (correct accordingly); and elsewhere—plural פְּנוּיִים, פְּנוּיִין; פְּנוּיוֹת. Tanchuma the passage cited בשביל שאתם פ׳ וכ׳ because you are idle, you say etc.; Shemoth Rabbah the passage cited פְּנוּיִם; and elsewhere síngle, unmarríed. Sifra Emor, Parah 1, Chaldaic (Aramaic) I הפ׳ הבא על הפ׳ שלא וכ׳ if an unmarried man has connection with an unmarried woman without the intention of thereby making her his wife; Yevamoth 61ᵇ; and frequently—plural as ab. Bamidbar Rabbah section 3 (referring to מעין חתום, Song of Songs 4, 12) אלו הפנויות this refers to the unmarried (men and women in Egypt). Tanchuma Vayesheb 8 השתא הפ׳ שלכם אסורות לנו וכ׳ even the unmarried of your people are forbidden to us, how much more thou who art a man’s wife; and frequently ↗ original
פְּנַחְיָא (supposed to be frequently Pers. pânah) protection, safeguard. Bava Kamma 103ᵃ מידע … ופ׳ הוא דקבעינא (Munich manuscript פנחייה) you know very well that I bought the field for myself, and that (in buying it in behalf of a third, influential person) I had in view only protection (against legal disputes). Yevamoth 115ᵇ לפ׳ שבקיה he left the letters that were to mark the contents as sacred on the vessel merely for protection (that it might be spared by thievish servants). ↗ original
פַּנְטַסְכִינָאֵי nom. gent. plural (denominative of πεντάσχοινος) inhabitants of Pentaschoinos, an Egyptian district [probably meant for Dodekaschoinos, by confusion with next word]. Targum I Chronicles 1, 11 (edition Rahmer פנטסכיינ׳); Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 10, 13 (Hebrew text נפתחים); Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2 the same place (ibid.) 14 (edition Amsterdam edition פְּנַטְסַכְנָ׳; Hebrew text כסלחים). ↗ original
פַּנְטַפּוֹלִיטָאֵי nom. gent. plural (πενταπολῖται) inhabitants of Pentapolis, an Egyptian district (also called Cyrenaica). Targum I Chronicles 1, 12 (Hebrew text פתרסים); Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 10, 14 (edition Vienna edition פַּנְטַפּוּלוֹטֵי; Hebrew text כסלחים). [Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2 the same place (ibid.) 13 (edition Vienna edition פַּנְטַפּוֹלַטָ׳; Hebrew text ענמים or להבים), probably misplaced; see the preceding article] ↗ original
פֶּנְטַקָקָהPenṭaḳaḳah, surname of one who was said to have committed five sins (πέντα κακά) every day. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, 64ᵇ bottom of the page ↗ original
פני (Biblical Hebrew) to turn (one’s face). Yoma 17ᵇ, and elsewhere שאתה פוֹנֶה, see פִּינָּה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, 42ᵇ and the following (referring to Leviticus 19, 4) אל תִּפְנֶה לעובדן do not turn thy face to them to worship them; אל תפנה לראותן ממש it is meant literally, do not turn thy face to look at them; Sifra K’dosh. beginning אל תפנה לראותם וַדַּיי. the same place (ibid.) תחלתם אלילים הם אם פּוֹנֶה את אחריהן וכ׳ at first they are ‘nothings’, but if thou turnest after them, thou wilt make them (thy) gods; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 604. the same place (ibid.); Shabbath 149ᵃ (referring to Leviticus the passage cited) אל תִּפְנוּ אֶל מדעתכם turn not to the creation of your fancy (Rashi; anoth. interpret., see below); and very frequently to turn around, go away. Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 כיון ששתה ופ׳ לילך (מעשה) רבתי when he had drunk and turned to go away. Bereshith Rabbah section 68 יצא משם פ׳ זיוה פ׳ הדרה when he (the righteous) goes away from a place, its splendor is gone, its glory is gone; Ruth Rabbah to 1, 7. Sifra K’dosh., Chaldaic (Aramaic) 8, Parah 4, and elsewhere (referring to ונתתי את פני, Leviticus 20, 6; compare פְּנַאי) פּוֹנֶה אני מכל וכ׳, see עֵסֶק. Midrash Proverbs to 16, 11 לִפְנוֹת היום when the day was going away (towards evening); and very frequently (active verb) to turn, pervert. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 9 (play on אחׄשׄדׄרפׄנׄיא, Daniel 3, 2) אלו ארכונות שהן נשׄחׄדׄין ופׄוניׄן דין וכ׳ (not נחשדין) those are the officers that are bribed and turn justice in any direction; the same place (ibid.) שמהׄדׄרׄין פׄנׄים ופׄונׄין דין who respect persons and pervert justice; and frequently to turn aside, go out, (euphem.) to ease one’s self. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 1, 16ᵈ אם יִפְנֶה אחד מהן לצורכו if one of them goes out for a human need. Tohoroth 10, 2 ופוֹנִים (Berachoth 62ᵃ ונִפְנִין, Nif'al). to vacate (see below); to free, release. Pesikta Rabbati section 42 הספינה … ולא תטריח עליה לִפְנוֹתָהּ (not הטריח) thy friend’s ship has been seized (for public service), and wilt thou not take pains to release it? ועכשיו של אחרים הוא פוֹנֶה ושלו אינה נפנית and now he releases other men’s ships, and shall not his be released.?—participle passiveפָּנוּי; feminine פְּנוּיָהvacant, empty, free. Berachoth 43ᵃ אין בית הבליעה פ׳ his œsophagus is not free (which makes speaking dangerous). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 3, beginning 28ᶜ אי אפשר … נקב אחד פ׳ וכ׳ it is not possible that there should not be one cavity free for planting etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 9, 11ᵈ bottom of the page אפשר … פניי (correct accordingly). Bamidbar Rabbah section 14 והיה הבית פ׳ and the house was empty (none at home); and frequently—5. פָּנוּי. Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּינָּהto empty, remove, transfer. Shabbath 3, 5 המיחם שפִּינָּהוּ וכ׳ in the kettle which one has emptied (or: which one has removed from the oven) etc.; the same place (ibid.) 41ᵃ המיחם שפ׳ ממנו מים וכ׳ in the kettle out of which one has removed the hot water. the same place (ibid.) 18, 1 מְפַנִּין אפי׳ וכ׳ you may clear away (on the Sabbath) even four or five piles … to make room for guests. Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 8, 49ᵈ top אם … איש מְפַנֶּה if the court belongs to the wife, the husband (after divorce) must vacate it, ושל איש אשה מְפַנָּה and if it belongs to the husband, the wife must vacate it; מי מפנה מפני מי which of them must vacate it for the other? Taanith 21ᵃ בקשו תלמידיו לפַנּוֹת את וכ׳ his disciples wanted to move his bed first and then his furniture; פַּנּוּ את הכלים וכ׳ move the furniture first. Avoth 3, 4 מפנה לבו לבטלה empties his heart (of serious thoughts to make room) for frivolous subjects. Shabbath 149ᵃ (referring to Leviticus 19, 4, see above) אל תְּפַנוּ אֵל מדעתכם do not remove God from your minds (to make room for idols). Bava Kamma 81ᵇ מְפַנֵּיהוּ לשדה וכ׳ he must remove the corpse to etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 2, 49ᵈ רוצה אדם לפנות עסקיו וכ׳ (edition Krot. רוצה הוא אדם לפנע; edition Zyt. לפלה, correct accordingly) a man is anxious to dispose of his goods in the first place he strikes etc.; and frequently to free, acquit. Tanchuma Vayikra 6 פ׳ לקרתני ולבן פלטרין וכ׳ he acquitted the commoner, but convicted the courtier. the same place (ibid.) לקרתני פִּנִּיתִי וכ׳ I acquitted the commoner, because he knows not the royal customs; and frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְנֶהto turn. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 18, 5 נִפְנֵיתִי לכאן וכ׳ I turned in all directions, and there is no redeemer but thee; Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 157; and elsewhere to be removed, to die. Bereshith Rabbah section 98 שהיה נ׳ מן העולם who was going to die. Tosefta Parah 3 (2), 8 נ׳ בני my son is dead (see below); and elsewhere to be free, at leisure. the same place (ibid.) לכשאֶפָּנֶה לך when I shall have leisure for thee, i.e. I shall take revenge on thee, when opportunity offers; אמר לו כשתִּפָּנֶה said he to him, when thou shalt be at leisure (or when thou shalt be dead, see above); the same place (ibid.) (Vers. of Rabbenu Shimshon to Parah 3, 8) לא נ׳ בני שהעריב שמשו my son has found no leisure (to take revenge), for his sun has set (he is dead). Avoth 2, 4 אל תאמר לכשאפנה אשנה שמא לא תפנה say not, when I shall be at leisure, I will study; may be thou wilt never find leisure; and frequently to ease one’s self. Shabbath 82ᵃ הנצרך לִפָּנוֹת ואינו נפנה (Alfasi להִפָּנוֹת) he who feels the want of easing himself, and is not relieved; the same place (ibid.) הנצרך ליפנות ואינו יכול ליפנות. Berachoth 62ᵃ ונִפְנִין, see above; and frequently to be released. Pesikta Rabbati the passage cited, see above. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְנָהto vacate.—participle passive מוּפְנֶה a) free, disengaged, single. Yevamoth 3, 5 שלשה אחין … ואחד מ׳ three brothers two of whom were married to two sisters, and one is free (unmarried or married to one who is a stranger to his brothers’ wives); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 4ᵈ top; and elsewhere—b) (dialectical exegesis) free for interpretation, unnecessary for the plain sense or context. Niddah 22ᵇ וייצר מ׳ משני צדדין מ׳ … ומ׳ גבי בהמה vayitser is free for interpretation on both sides, it is free with regard to man (Genesis 2, 7, because man’s creation is mentioned in ויברא, the same place (ibid.) 1, 27), and free with regard to beasts (the same place (ibid.) 2, 19, their creation being stated in ויעש, the same place (ibid.) 1, 25). the same place (ibid.) כל גזירה שוה שאינה מוּפְנָה כל עיקר וכ׳ analogous words which are not entirely free (in both texts) cannot be made the basis for interpretation as g’zerah shavah (see גְּזֵרָה). the same place (ibid.) מ׳ מצד אחד free in one of the texts; Shabbath 64ᵃ; and frequently Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְפַּנָּהto be vacated, cleared, removed. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 9, 57ᵈ bottom of the page כל הקברות מִתְפַּנִּין וכ׳ all graves may be vacated (transferred), except etc.; Treatise Smachoth, Treatise Chaldaic (Aramaic) 14. to be released. Pesikta Rabbati the passage cited כדי הוא (ש)תִּיתְפִּנֶּה he deserves it to have his ship released (edition Prag כדי הוא שיִתְפַּנֶּה he deserves to be released). ↗ original
פְּנֵי 1to turn to or from; to go. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 24, 49 (O. Ithpeel). Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 29, 17 (Yerushalmi (prefix) I Ithpeel). Targum Onkelos Genesis 24, 63 למִפְנֵי רמשא (edition Amsterdam edition למִפַּנֵּיIthpaal) towards evening; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 20; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 30 כמִפְנֵי רמשא at the turn (approach) of the evening. Bereshith Rabbah section 63 שלח … מִפְנֵי רמשא דערובתא sent letters to Tiberias (to reach the elders) towards the evening of Friday; (Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, 46ᵇ bottom of the page בערובתא עם מטמעי שמשא); and frequently to remove, empty, see below., see below. to ease one’s self. Berachoth 62ᵃ דבעינא למִפְנֵי (Manuscript Florence לאַפְנוּיֵיAf'el). Pa'el פִּעֵל פַּנֵּיto clear, empty, remove. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 24, 20 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition ורוקינת; Hebrew text ותער). Targum Psalms 80, 10 (edition Vilna edition פָּנִי׳Pe.). Targum Onkelos Genesis 24, 31 (Yerushalmi (prefix) Pe.). Targum Isaiah 40, 3; and frequently—participle passive מְפַנָּא clear, levelled. Targum Genesis 14, 17 (O. edition Vienna edition מַפְנָאAf'el).—Berachoth the passage cited פַּנּוּ לי דוכתא Munich manuscript (edition פַּנִּי, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) clear a place for me. Taanith 20ᵇ בעי לפַנּוּיֵיה wanted to remove it (the wine); משכיה בשמעתא עד דפַנְּיֵיה he kept him engaged in discussion on a tradition until he had removed it. Echah Rabbah to 5, 1 (explained ערו, Psalms 137, 7) פַּנּוּן פנון clear, clear (the place, with referring to ותער, Genesis 24, 20, see above), contradistinguished to פגר; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Zakhor, p. 26ᵃ פאטן (read פָּאנוּן); the same place (ibid.) ʿÃniya, p. 135ᵃ; Pesikta Rabbati section 32; and frequently to free, acquit. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᵃ and the following פַּנִּינָן יתיה, see דֵּיו. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, 64ᵇ bottom of the page מה מיעבד ומְפַנִּינֵיה what to do in order to release him (from prison); הא לך פַּנְּיִי בעליך here is money for thee, release thy husband; and elsewhere to ease one’s self. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᶜ bottom of the page עאל לפַנּוּיֵיה (not לפונייה) went to ease himself (see below). Af'el הִפְעִיל אַפְנֵיto turn, direct; to take aside. Targum 2 Samuel 3, 27. the same place (ibid.) 6, 10. Targum Joshua 24, 23; and frequently to vacate, free (one’s mind); to take time. Targum Nahum, Book of 2, 9 לית דמַפְנֵי וכ׳ none take time to stand still.—Esp. to make a text free for interpretation, to use asמוּפְנֶה (see the preceding). Niddah 22ᵇ ויברא לגופיה וייצר לאַפְנוּיֵי vayibra (Genesis 1, 27) is needed for its own sake (to state the fact), vayitser (the same place (ibid.) 2, 7) is to be used for interpretation. Shabbath 64ᵃ בגד ועור … שמע מינה לאפנויי what need was there to mention ‘garment and skin’ again in connection with creeping things? Learn from it, that it is to be used for exegetical purposes. the same place (ibid.); Sanhedrin 40ᵇ לאי אפנויי וכ׳, see לַאי; and frequently—participle passive מַפְנֵי. Shabbath the passage cited מ׳ דאי לא מ׳ וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition ומופנה דאי לאו מופנה) it is free for exegesis, for if it were not free (but needed for its own sake) etc. the same place (ibid.) דמת נמי אפנויי מ׳ edition Soncino a. Venice (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 10; edition מופנה) ‘garment and skin’ in connection with corpses is likewise (unnecessary, and) free for exegesis; and frequently to ease one’s self. the same place (ibid.) 140ᵇ לא תִיפְנוּן היכא דמַפְני וכ׳ do not go out to the same place that your men use etc. Berachoth 62ᵃ, see above. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְפְּנֵי, אִיפְּנֵיto turn; to go away. Targum Exodus 3, 3 and the following Targum Judges 19, 8; and frequently—Kiddushin 65ᵃ עד דמִיפְּני פיסחא (probably to be read: עד מ׳) until Passover is past. ↗ original
פְּנֵי 2 common gender = Hebrew פָּנוּיfree (from service). Targum Deuteronomy 24, 5 (O. edition Berlin edition פְּ׳; Hebrew text נקי). empty. Bereshith Rabbah section 65, see סוּלְגִּיתָא; Koheleth Rabbah to 5, 10; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 115; and elsewhere turning around, restless. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 18, 5 (explained אפפוני the same place (ibid.)) פניא אנא מן עקיא (edition Buber edition פנייא מן עקתא אנא) I am restless on account of troubles. ↗ original
פַּנְיָא (פְּנֵי; supply (understood word) דרמשא or דשמשא) afternoon, sunset, evening; first part of the night. Targum Onkelos Genesis 49, 27. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 7, 16. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 6, 7; and elsewhere—Bava Metzia 49ᵃ אפ׳ דמעלי שבתא הוה it was on a Friday towards evening. Yoma 14ᵇ ולפ׳ מדו ליה and towards evening they sprinkle upon him; the same place (ibid.) 19ᵃ לבהדי פ׳, להדי פ׳; and elsewhere ↗ original
פַּנְיָא 3 נְהַר פַּ׳ N’har (Canal of) Pania in Babylonia. Gittin 65ᵇ bottom of the page ↗ original
פְּנִיּוּתָא (פְּנֵי; compare פְּנַאי) turning away from everything, special business. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 20, 6 (compare פָּנָה); the same place (ibid.) 3 (פְּנוּיָי׳); 5; and elsewhere ↗ original
פַּנְיָיסPaneas (Cæsaræa Philippi, modern Bânias), a city in the north of Palestine. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Numbers 34, 11 מערת פניאס (not סניאס); (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 אפמים, אפמיס; the same place (ibid.) 10 אפמיאה, אפמיאם, see אַפַּמְיָא). Targum Song of Songs 5, 4 פָּמִיאַס (some edition פָּמְיַס). Targum I Chronicles 21, 2 (Hebrew text דן).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 9, 38ᵈ bottom of the page דיקליטינוס אעיק לבני פנ׳ Diocletian oppressed the inhabitants of P. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 2, 22ᵈ top of the page Bereshith Rabbah section 63 נחת … בהדא פנ׳ (variant reading פמ׳) he (Diocletian) came down and made his stay at P. Megillah 6ᵃ; Bechoroth 55ᵃ לשם זו פמ׳ Leshem is P.; Tanchuma Ki Thissa 14 ליש זו פ׳ Layish is P.; Pirké d’R. EI. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 27 דן הוא פ׳ Dan is P.; Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 32 (referring to דנה, 2 Samuel 24, 6) דנה פ׳. Bereshith Rabbah section 33 מעיין … מערת פ׳ the spring … of the cavern of P.; Bechoroth the passage cited ירדן יוצא ממערת פ׳ the Jordan issues from the cavern of P.; Bava Bathra 74ᵇ.—Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 820 (Moses prays) אכנס לה במחילה … מתחת לפַמְיָס let me enter Palestine by the cave of Cæsarion, which is below P.; Mechilta Beshallach, ʿĂmal., section 2 לפניי ולפנים (correct accordingly); and frequently—Tanchuma Naso 10; Bamidbar Rabbah section 11 (referring to Numbers 6, 24) יברכד … וישמרך שלא תהא עשוי במדינת פ׳ וכ׳ the Lord bless thee with wealth, and guard thee, that thou be not forced (to take office) in the city (or district) of P., and no zimia (see זִימְיָא) be decreed over the city, and they say to thee, give gold (a reference to Roman extortions, see above). ↗ original
פָּנִים common gender plural (Biblical Hebrew; front, face; countenance, person. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Baḥod., p. 110ᵃ, and elsewhere (פ׳ זעופות) פ׳ זועפות, see זָעַף. Mechilta Beshallach, Vayassʿa, section 2; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 258, see חָשׁוּךְ. Bereshith Rabbah section 91 (referring to Genesis 41, 56) אין פְּנֵי הארץ אלא עשירים ‘the face of the land’ means the wealthy; בזמן שאדם עשיר יש לו פ׳ שמחים וכ׳ when a man is rich, he has a countenance which is glad to see his friend, but when he is poor אין לו פ׳ לראות וכ׳ he has not the face to see (his friend), because he is ashamed etc. Kethuboth 7ᵇ והוא שבאו פ׳ חדשות provided a new face appears, i.e., a person that has not attended the wedding festivities before this. the same place (ibid.) 8ᵃ אי איכא פ׳ חדשות if there is a new guest.—Bava Kamma 96ᵇ פ׳ חדשות באו לכאן things have assumed a new face, i.e. the object after its transmutation is no longer the same as the one stolen; and very frequently—נשא פ׳; גלה פ׳ etc., see נָשָׂא, גָּלָה etc.—Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 9 מהדרין פ׳, see פָּנָה.—לחם הפ׳, see לֶחֶם.—Euphem. פ׳ של מטה, or פ׳ pudenda. Shabbath 41ᵃ. Berachoth 24ᵃ יכולה לכסות פָּנֶיהָ וכ׳ she can cover her nakedness etc. Niddah 14ᵇ; and frequently—Transferred aspect, manner, way of interpretation. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 4 התורה שנדרשת מ"ט פ׳ טהור ומ"ט פ׳ טמא the Torah on the laws of which arguments are held, forty-nine in favor of ‘clean’ (permitted), and forty nine in favor of ‘unclean’ (forbidden); Bamidbar Rabbah section 2 תורה שהיא נדרשת מ"ט פ׳ the Torah which is interpreted in forty-nine ways; and frequently—לְפָ׳ a) for appearance sake, formally. Megillah 12ᵃ הם לא עשו אלא לפ׳ … אלא לפ׳ they (in bowing to the idol) acted merely for show (yielding to force), so the Lord dealt with them merely formally (not in full earnest, referring to Lamentations 3, 33).—b) in front; (of time) before this, in the past. Chagigah 2, 1 מה לפ׳ ומה לאחור what was before (creation), and what will be in the future (when the world will be no more; Bereshith Rabbah section 1 מה בי"ת זה סתום … ופתוח מִלְּפָנָיו וכ׳ as the letter ב (of בראשית, Genesis 1, 1) is closed on all sides and open in front, so art thou not permitted to ask what is above and what is below, what was before and what will be hereafter; [other opinion מה לפ׳ ומה לאחור what is in the extreme east beyond the sphere, and what in the west; see, however, Rashi Haggai, Book of the passage cited (Chagigah 11ᵇ), a. Chagigah 16ᵃ].—Berachoth 5ᵇ לפני מטתי in front of my bed, explained סמוך למיטתי immediately after rising. the same place (ibid.) 7ᵃ, and frequently יהי רצון מִלְּפָנֶיךָ (abbreviated or abbreviation יהר"מ may it be thy will. the same place (ibid.) יהי רצון מִלְּפָנַי may it be my will. the same place (ibid.) שלשה דברים בקש משה מִלִּפְנֵי וכ׳ for three things Moses prayed I before the Lord. the same place (ibid.) 1, 4 שתים לְפָנֶיהָ two benedictions preceding it (the reading of the Sh’mʿa); and very frequently—Sifra Vayikra, Ḥobah, Parah 13, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 23 אמש ושֶׁלְּפָנָיו ושֶׁלִּפְנֵי פנָיו yesterday and the day before yesterday, and the day before that.—לִפְנֵי עִוֵּר (also לפני only, see עִוֵּר I) the law prohibiting an act which may lead a person to sin (Leviticus 19, 14). Avodah Zarah 14ᵃ וליחוש … אל׳ מפקדינן אל׳ דל׳ לא וכ׳ (Munich manuscript אל׳ עור) but should we not apprehend, that he might sell (the incense) to others, who will burn it for idols? Said A., we are commanded to guard against an act directly leading to sin, but not against one that may indirectly cause sin; the same place (ibid.) 21ᵃ.—מִפְּנֵי for the sake of, on account of; מפני ש־because. Shabbath 2, 5 מ׳ שהוא מתיירא מ׳ גוים וכ׳ because he is afraid of invaders, of robbers, or of an evil wind. Berachoth 1, 3 וסכנתי בעצמי מ׳ וכ׳, see סָכַן 2. the same place (ibid.) 3ᵃ מ׳ מה נכנסת וכ׳ why didst thou enter these ruins? the same place (ibid.) מ׳ שלשה דברים for three reasons; מ׳ חשד because you give cause to suspicion; מ׳ המפולת because debris may fall on you; מ׳ המזיקין on account of demons; and very frequently—בִּפְנֵי in the presence of. the same place (ibid.)ᵇ ב׳ המת in the presence of a dead person. the same place (ibid.) 31ᵇ המורה הלכה ב׳ רבו he who gives a decision in his teacher’s presence; and very frequently—Kiddushin 64ᵇ הנודר עד פְּנֵי פסח וכ׳; Nedarim 8, 2 הנודר עד לִפְנֵי הפסח וכ׳ if one says in his vow, ‘until p’né (lifné) Passover’, R. M. says, he is bound until Passover begins; R. J. says, until it is passed; Kiddushin 65ᵃ, see פְּנֵי I. ↗ original
פְּנִים see I Kings 6, 29; the preceding, compare ἐνώπια) [that which is in front of you when you enter,] inside, interior; לִפְנַי (וְ)לִפְ׳ the innermost. Tosefta Yom. 2, 5 היו מסיקין מבחוץ והיה נאפה ונרדה מבפ׳ they heated the oven towards the outside (placed the fuel in front), and it (the show-bread) was baked and shoveled out from the interior; Yoma 38ᵃ, see נָסַק. Bava Metzia 16ᵃ זו אינה צריכה לפ׳ this (question) need not be brought inside (the college); צריכה לפ׳ ולפני לפ׳ it must be brought inside and even to the innermost. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᵇ bottom of the page יכנס … לפ׳ let R. Ḥ. the elder go into the interior (to the front benches); לפ׳ ממני in front of me?; ר׳ … לפ׳ ור׳ ישמעאל … לפני לפ׳ R. Ḥ. … to the interior, R. 1. … to the innermost (the very first); Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, 35ᵃ bottom of the page לפני ולפ׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 6, 7ᶜ אחותו לעולם היא (מִ)בִּפְ׳ וכ׳ a priest’s sister is always inside (a member of the priestly family), until she steps outside (by marriage). Shabbath 1, 1; and very frequently—לפ׳ משורת הדין, see דִּין 2.—Esp. the Temple precincts, the Temple and the priests’ court; לפני ולפ׳the innermost, Holy of Holies. Avodah Zarah 50ᵃ בעינא כעין פ׳ (for a gift to an idol to be permanently forbidden for use, even after cancellation,) it is required that it be like the offerings in the interior Temple (sacrifices, incense etc., to the exclusion of votive gifts like candles, jewels etc.). Menachoth 9ᵃ לא בעיא בפ׳ must not necessarily be done within the Temple precincts, opposite to חוץ לחומת העזרה. the same place (ibid.) נהי … פ׳ מיהת בעיא although it may be done by a non-priest, it must at least be done within etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 5, 42ᵇ bottom of the page כלפי לפ׳ towards the interior; and frequently—the same place (ibid.); Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 8, 31ᶜ bottom of the page מהו מבפ׳ (מהו) מבחוץ does it belong inside (to the Holy of Holies) or outside (to the Holy)?, see טְרַקְסִין. ↗ original
פְּנִימוֹןP’nimon. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 3, end, 42ᵇ אבא פ׳ Abba P.—Bamidbar Rabbah section 9 (Tosefta Sotah 1, 1 variant reading edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.); Sotah 4ᵃ פלימו, Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 16ᶜ bottom of the page מיניימין). ↗ original
פְּנִימִיinner, interior, innermost, central. Eruvin 65ᵇ ישראל ונכרי בפ׳ וכ׳ if an Israelite and a gentile live in the inner court, and an Israelite in the outer court. the same place (ibid.) פ׳ במקומו מהו dare the resident of the inner court move things within its precincts? Tanchuma Naso 5 פתח את הפ׳ וכ׳ he opened the central door and went to the outer room. Zevachim 51ᵃ, and frequently מזבה הפ׳ the inner altar (in the Holy); and very frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 21 (referring to פלמוני, Daniel 8, 13) תרגם עקילס לפ׳ … לפנים ממלאכי וכ׳ Aquila translated it ‘to him who was inside’, which means Adam whose partitioned seat was in front of the ministering angels (see פְּנִים); Yalkut Shimoni Daniel 1066.—plural פְּנִימִיִּים; feminine פְּנִימִיּוֹת. Zevachim 52ᵇ דמים הפ׳ blood to be sprinkled in the Holy; שיריים הפ׳ the remnants of blood sprinkled in the Holy. Tamid 1, 4; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 2, 39ᶜ, see אָכַל; and frequently ↗ original
פַּנִּיקְטִין (παννύκτοι = παννύχιοι, S.) all-night watches (pervigilia), in gen. camps. Targum Psalms 68, 30 מפַּנִּיקְטֵיהוֹן Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. manuscript (edition מִפַּנְקְטֵי׳, edition Vilna edition מְפַ׳, correct accordingly).—Vayikra Rabbah section 1 היו אומות העולם … מתוך פַּנִּיקְטֵיהֶן (some edition פַּנּוּקְ׳) the nations were in danger of hearing the voice of divine revelation and being frightened out of their camps (Tanchuma T’rum. 9 לתוך אהליהם), see תָּרַז.—Bereshith Rabbah section 16 in three things Greece was in advance of Rome, בנימוסין ובפניקטין וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (manuscript Paris בפנקיטין, edition בפנקיסין, בפנקיסון, correct accordingly) in laws, in the arrangements of camp vigils etc. ↗ original
פְּנִיקְיָא (Phœnicia) Phœnicia. Bereshith Rabbah section 90 end, see פְּלַסְטִינִי. ↗ original
פְּנַךְ , Pa'el פַּנֵּיךְ to drive on, speed. Targum Judges 5, 22.—participle passive מְפַנַּךְ, plural מְפַנְּכִין. Targum Nahum, Book of 3, 2. Targum Jeremiah 51, 27. ↗ original
פָּנָס (φανός) torch; lantern. Kelim 2, 4 פ׳ שיש בו וכ׳ a lantern which contains a receptacle for oil; Tosefta Kelim Bava Bathra 7, 11 פ׳ של זכוכית וכ׳ a glass lantern etc. (see פוקטו). Tosefta Berachoth 6 (5), 7 פָאנָס edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading פנס); Berachoth 53ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 8, 12ᵇ bottom of the page Shemoth Rabbah section 15 היה נוטל הפ׳ וכ׳ he (the Lord) took the torch and carried light before them (referring to Exodus 13, 21). Shemoth Rabbah section 25 בשר ודם תלמוד טוען פ׳ וכ׳ among human beings, the pupil carries the light before his teacher; not so the Lord etc.; and frequently—plural פְּנָסִין. Bereshith Rabbah section 3, beginning הדליק נרות ופ׳ lighted lamps and torches. the same place (ibid.) section 68 כבו את הנרות כבו הפ׳ put out the lamps, put out the torches. Koheleth Rabbah to 12, 7 הדליק נרות ופ׳ לשמה וכ׳ he lighted lamps and torches in the name of Rome (as an augury for a war against Rome), and they would not burn; and elsewhere ↗ original
פנסטה , Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 8, 16ᵃ בעי מימר פ׳, read: פְּשָׁטֵיה, see פְּשָׁטָא↗ original
פנע , Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 2, 49ᵈ לפנע edition Krot., see פָּנָהPi'el—Targum Jeremiah 23, 29, see נְפַע. ↗ original
פָּנַק [to go out,] to be a freeman; to live in luxury (compare חָטָא I). Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּנֵּקto treat as a freeman, to indulge, spoil by indulgence. Bereshith Rabbah section 22 (referring to Proverbs 29, 21) שמְפַנֵּק וכ׳, see מָנוֹן; Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 962 (the same place (ibid.) 961 ממתק). to treat tenderly; to cultivate, improve, embellish. Sifré Deuteronomy 306 מְפַנְּקִים; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 942, see עָדַן; and elsewhere—participle passive מְפוּנָּק delicately reared. Mechilta Mishpatim section 8, see עָדַן; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 339. Vayikra Rabbah section 19 היה מפ׳ ומת בידם he was delicate (unused to hardship), and died under their hands. ↗ original
פְּנַקPa'elפַּנֵּיקsame. Targum Isaiah 23, 4. Targum Esther 2, 9. the same place (ibid.) 12; and frequently—participle passive מְפַנַּק which see—5. אִסְפְּנִיקָא. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְפַּנֵּק,Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְפְּנֵיקto delight one’s self. Targum Psalms 37, 4; 11; and frequently to play the nobleman, be imperious. Targum Proverbs 29, 21 מִתְפְּנֵיק מן וכ׳ he who plays the gentleman in his youth, will become a servant and finally be driven out (Hebrew text מְפַנֵּק). ↗ original
פַּנְקְרִיסִין (πάγχρυσος) [all-gold,] name of a fruit, probably apricots. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 1, 17ᵇ top יפה מפ׳ וכ׳ … better were the late fruits … than the apricots etc.; the same place (ibid.) 9, 24ᵇ bottom of the page; (Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 7, 20ᵃ bottom of the page מפרסקין). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, 5ᵈ וטעמן יפה כפ׳ and their taste was as delicious as that of apricots; Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 2, 41ᶜ bottom of the page (correct accordingly).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 41ᵈ פ׳ … שלהן apricots pressed by gentiles (probably to be read, as Babylonian Avodah Zarah 38ᵇ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4 (5), 11 קַפְרִיסִין). ↗ original
פַּנְתֵּיר (πάνθηρ) panther or leopard.—plural פַּנְתֵּירִין, פַּנְתֵּרִין. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 78, 45 (explained ערב the same place (ibid.)) מין חיה הוא ושמה פ׳ והביאן וכ׳ (not והביאו) it is a species of wild beasts named leopards, and the Lord sent them etc.; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 820. ↗ original
פַּנְתֵּירִי (the preceding) [spotted stone,] name of a jewel (corresp. to Hebrew ישפה). Targum Onkelos Exodus 28, 20 edition Berlin edition (edition פַּנְטֵירֵי; Yerushalmi (prefix) אַפַּנְטוּרִין, edition Vienna edition אפנטורע, correct accordingly); the same place (ibid.) 39, 13 (edition Vienna edition פַּנְתֵּרֵי, correct accordingly). Targum Ezekiel 28, 13 פַּנְתֵּירִין. ↗ original
פָּס = אָפֵס, Pas, name of two Amoraim. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 68ᵃ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 5, 43ᵃ bottom of the page—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 3, 64ᵃ bottom of the page (see Friedman M’bo, p. 122ᵃ). ↗ original
פַּס 2strip, stripe.—plural פַּסִּים, פַּסִּין. Bereshith Rabbah section 84 (referring to Genesis 37, 3 and the following, a. Psalms 66, 5 and the following; see עֲלִּילָה) why ‘did they hate him’? That (in the course of events it should come about that) שיקרע הים לפניהם פ׳ פ׳ the sea be rent before them in strips (edition Vilna edition פׄסׄיׄםׄ פס יםpassim alludes to ‘strip of the sea’).—Esp. (compare פֶּרֶק) פס יד, palm, the hand from the wrist to the tip of the finger; פס רגלthe foot to the ankle, interch. with פִּסַּת, פִּיסַּת (construct state of פִּסָּה). the same place (ibid.) (explained פסים, Genesis the passage cited) שהיתה מגעת עד פס ידו the coat reached with its sleeves to his wrist; שהיתה … בפס ידו it was very fine and light, and could be (compressed and) hidden in his hand (compare מַלְמֵלָה). Megillah 4, 8 (24ᵇ) נתנה … על פס ידו וכ׳ if he placed the T’fillin on his forehead or on his palm. Yoma 87ᵃ (play on הׄתׄרׄפׄסׄ, Proverbs 6, 3) [read:] אם ממון יש לו בידך הׄתׄר לו פׄסׄת יד וכ׳ if thou owest him (whom thou hast wronged) money, untie thy hand to him (pay him), if not (if thou hast otherwise wronged him), get several friends around him (to ask his pardon in their presence); Bava Metzia 115ᵃ; Bava Bathra 173ᵇ; Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 938. Bereshith Rabbah section 78 (play on מׄתׄרׄפׄס ברׄצׄי, Psalms 64, 31) מׄתׄירׄ את הפׄסׄ ומׄתׄרׄצׄה בכסף he (Edom-Rome) opens his hand (for bribery), and is appeased with silver; Shemoth Rabbah section 35 מתרת את הפס וכ׳ she (Rome) opens etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 800 שפושטין פסת יד … ואין עושין רׄצׄון וכ׳ they stretch forth their hand to accept silver, and then do not what the givers desire; Pesachim 118ᵇ שפושטין פסת יד וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition שפושטין יד). Yoma 47ᵃ על פ׳ ידו up to his wrist, see חָפָה; Sifra Vayikra, N’dab., Chaldaic (Aramaic) 10, Parah 9 חופה את פס ידו וכ׳ he bends his hand (grabbing) in the pan etc. Oholoth 1, 8 שלשים בפס הרגל thirty joints in the foot. Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 143 חלילה … פ׳ יד ופ׳ רגל ועקב מגולין never were their wrists or their feet or their heels seen uncovered; Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 25 (correct accordingly); and frequently partition, board, barrier. Eruvin 5ᵃ אם יש שם פם ארבעה if a bar of four handbreadths is left or placed above the breach. the same place (ibid.) 10ᵇ עושה פם גבוה עשרה וכ׳ he cuts a board ten handbreadths high and four cubits long etc.; and frequently—plural as ab. the same place (ibid.) 2, 1 עושין פ׳ לביראות וכ׳ you must place partitions around watering stations in the shape of four cornerpieces etc., see דְּיוֹמַד. the same place (ibid.) 11ᵃ פַּסֵּי ביראות the partitions of watering stations; and frequently—[Maasroth 1, 7, see פַּץ.] plural (see ) tax; פַּסֵּי העיר town tax (used for maintaining the safety of the town). Tosefta Peah 4, 9 לפ׳ העיר לשנים וכ׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (edition לעניי, correct accordingly) in order to be assessed for the town tax one must have been a resident for twelve months; Bava Bathra 8ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 8, 21ᵃ bottom of the page לפסין ולצדקות for the town tax and for the charities, explained for the salaries of public school teachers; Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 1, beginning 12ᵈ לפסים ולזימיות for town tax and town fines. ↗ original
פַּסstrip, stripe.—plural פַּסֵּי. Targum Onkelos Genesis 37, 3; 23 (edition Berlin edition פָּסֵי, פַּסֵי). Targum 2 Samuel 13, 18 (edition Vilna edition פַּסֵי). פ׳ ידא palm; פס רגלאfoot, see פִּיסְּתָא. piece, portion; bread. Bechoroth 43ᵇ, see סְקִיפַס. Echah Rabbah to 3, 16 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see פְּטִילִיק.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 6, 10ᵇ bottom of the page, see פִּיסְּתָא. (from its shape, compare כַּף) spade or shovel. Vayikra Rabbah section 24; section 25 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see מַכּוֹשָׁא 2.— פ׳ דביר (see the preceding) watering station. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 33, 3 ושריין כמין פ׳ דב׳ (not דבַר) and they rest as it were at a watering station; (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 על פום דבירוי). ↗ original
פְּסָאקָאP’saḳa, surname of one R. Yitsḥaḳ. Echah Rabbah to 1, 9 ר׳ יצחק פ׳ (Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 302 יצחק פסיקתא); compare פַּסְקַת. ↗ original
פָּסַג , Pi'elפִּסֵּגto divide, branch off; denominative פְּסִיגָה. Parah 11, 9 מְפַסְּגוֹ ואוגדו he severs the stalks of hyssop and ties them; פְּסָגוֹ ולא אגדו if he severed, but failed to tie them. (denominative of פְּסִיגָה) to cut off sprays, to thin. Bava Kamma 119ᵇ מְפַסְּגֵי אילנות ומפסגי גפנים (Manuscript Florence ומפסיקי; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) ומפסקי) those hired to thin trees or vines; (Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 11, 18 מפסקי גפנים only). Moed Katan 3ᵃ אין מְפַסְּגִין באילן you must not thin trees (during the festive week; Rashi: support the branches); and elsewhere—Tosefta Bava Metzia 2, 28, see below. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְסִיגto cut one’s way through branches, pass through woods, vineyards etc., trespass; to lead through thickets etc. Bava Kamma 81ᵇ התועה … מַפְסִיג ויורד מפסיג ועולה וכ׳ if one loses his way in vineyards, he may cut his way through up and down etc.; הרואה … מפסיג וכ׳ he who sees a fellowman lost in vineyards, may make a way for him … until he brings him etc.; Tosefta Bava Metzia 2, 28 מְפַסְּגוֹ בשדות וכ׳ may lead him through fields and vineyards. the same place (ibid.) הוא עצמו … מפסיג וכ׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (edition מפסג) he who is lost himself may make his way etc. ↗ original
פְּסַגto divide, cut apart. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 15, 10 (O. פלג, Hebrew text בתר). the same place (ibid.) 26, 31. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 1, 6; and elsewhere—participle passive פָּסִיג. Bereshith Rabbah section 100 פ׳ תִּרְעָךְ may thy ill-luck be broken (no more evil befall thee,—which allowing the meaning ‘may thy gate (תַּרְעָא) be broken’, is corrected to יסוג תורעך, see סוּג Chaldaic (Aramaic)). to break through a snare, escape. Bereshith Rabbah section 79 כד שמע … פַּסְגָּא when Rabbenu Shimshon heard the heavenly voice say demos (see דִּימוֹס 2), it (the bird) escaped; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 133 פשגא (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) הות פשגה).—Bava Kamma 81ᵇ דנִיפְסוֹג that he may be permitted to break through (the vineyard), see the precedingPa'el פִּעֵל פַּסֵּיג,Af'el הִפְעִיל אַפְסֵיגto divide. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 1, 12 יַפְסֵיג (some edition יְפַסֵּיג; edition Vienna edition פַּיְסֵג, correct accordingly). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 1. Exodus 29, 17 תַּפְסֵיג (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 תְּפַסֵּג; edition Vienna edition תְּפַסֵּק).—Echah Rabbah to 5, 5 מְפַסֵּג ליה וכ׳ (edition Vilna edition מפסל, correct accordingly) he cut him up limb by limb. ↗ original
פַּסְגָּא common gender (the preceding) piece, participle Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 26, 31. the same place (ibid.) 15, 10.—pluralפַּסְגִּין, פִּסְ׳, פִּסְגַּיָּא, פִּי׳. the same place (ibid.) Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 29, 17; and elsewhere—Fem. plural פִּסְגָּתָא, פִּי׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 4, 38ᵈ top (explained תמחוי החוזר) פ׳ cut portions on the plate. ↗ original
פִּסְגָּה (the preceding words, see פְּסִיגָה) branch, bough, opposite to אשכול the trunk with the grape clusters. the trunk with the grape clusters. (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun Pisgah, the summit of Mount Nebo. Sifré Deuteronomy 357 (referring to 34, 1) מה פ׳ זו מופרשת מן האשכול ואינה מופרשת וכ׳ as the branch is separate from the trunk, yet not detached, so was Moses’ grave etc., see תָאַם; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 963. ↗ original
פָּסַדto cut, diminish; פָּסֵד (compare פגם, פסל) to lose in value, deteriorate. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 5, beginning 51ᶜ שהן פְּסֵידִין because they spoil; חטין אינן פ׳ wheat does not spoil. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְסִידto suffer loss, to lose, be at a disadvantage. Bava Metzia 3, 4, and the following אם כן מה ה׳ הרמאי if this is the law, what does the dishonest man lose (what risk does he run to prevent him from claiming more than his due)? Berachoth 1, 2 הקורא … לא ה׳ he who reads the Sh’mʿa after this, loses nothing; explained the same place (ibid.) 10ᵇ לא ה׳ ברכות he does not lose the benedictions (he may recite the benedictions preceding and following the Sh’mʿa as usual). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 2ᵇ top אין תפלה מַפְסֶדֶת a prayer never loses its value. Bereshith Rabbah section 70 נדרו והִפְסִידוּ vowed and suffered thereby. Kethuboth 13, 3 אדמון אומר … הִפְסַרְתִּי upon which Admon said, shall I be at a disadvantage, because I am a male heir?; and frequently to injure, cause loss to. Tosefta Betzah 2, 6 שמא יַפְסִידוּ את וכ׳ lest they do harm to the inhabitants; and elsewhere—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 14ᵇ bottom of the page והפסיד אלא, read: והפשיר עמו, see פָּשַׁר.] Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְסַדto lose. Pesachim 50ᵇ יש זריז ונ׳, see זָרִיז; Tosefta Yevamoth 4, 8 ומַפְסִיד (Hif'il). ↗ original
פְּסַדto be diminished, scarce. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 47, 16 (Hebrew text) אפס). to diminish, destroy. Targum Psalms 44, 3 (edition Lagarde edition שלח). to ruin, spoil. Pesachim 55ᵇ פַּסְדָא לה ביעי לגמרי she (the hatching hen) has spoiled the eggs entirely (made them unfit to be eaten).—participle passive פָּסֵיד. the same place (ibid.) אכתי לא פְסֵידֵי ביעי וכ׳ (Munich manuscript פסיד לה ביעא; Manuscript Karlsruhe לא פַסְדָּה לה) the eggs are not yet entirely spoiled. Af'el הִפְעִיל אַפְסַד, אַפְסֵידto injure; to spoil, ruin. Kethuboth 56ᵃ איהו הוא דא׳ אנפשיה he brought the loss upon himself. Bava Bathra 139ᵇ אינהו אַפְסִידוּ אנפשייהו they brought the loss etc. Shabbath 108ᵇ אַפְסוּדֵי קא מַפְסִידְנָא ליה (by salting the radish) I vitiate it. Kethuboth 61ᵇ אַפְסְדַת לסעודתא וכ׳ (Rashi: אַפְסַדְתָּא) thou hast spoiled the king’s meal. Bava Metzia 117ᵇ כמה מַפְסְדָה עלייה בבית Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition מפסיד, correct accordingly) by how much does the upper story impair (the durability of) the lower story?; and frequently ↗ original
פְּסוּגָא (פְּסַג) piece.—plural פְּסוּגַיָּא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 12, 40; Targum I Chronicles 7, 21 ביני פ׳ at the covenant between the pieces, see בְּתָרִים; Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 1. Leviticus 26, 42 פִּיסּוּגַיָּא. ↗ original
פְּסוֹל (denominative of פָּסוּל) to be or become disqualified, unfit. Menachoth 100ᵃ ליפסל ליקדוש ולִיפְסוֹל (strike out ליפסל, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) let it become sacred (by being put in a sacred vessel) and subsequently become unfit (when it becomes overdue); the same place (ibid.)ᵇ; Yoma 29ᵇ תקדוש ותִפְסוֹל; and elsewhere—5. פְּסַל. ↗ original
פָּסוּל (פָּסַל; compare פגם) defective, blemished, unfit, disqualified, opposite כשר. Zevachim 2, 1 נשפך ואספו פ׳ … if the blood was spilt over the pavement, and one collects it again, it is unfit for sprinkling. the same place (ibid.) 3, see פִּיגּוּל. Chullin 1, 4 שחיטתו פ׳ his slaughtering act is illegitimate (the animal so slaughtered is forbidden to be eaten). the same place (ibid.) כשר בשחיטה פ׳ במליקה וכ׳ what is right in slaughtering, is illegal in pinching (the neck) etc. Zevachim 3, 2 קבל הכשר ונתן לפ׳ if a person qualified for the service received the blood and handed it to one disqualified. Bereshith Rabbah section 70 אליעזר פְּסוּל הבית היה וכ׳ Eliezer was the disqualified (servant) of the house, and yet it is written etc. Kiddushin 4, 6 פ׳ מן הכהונה לעולם is forever unfit for priesthood (his female descendants are forbidden to priests); בתו פ׳ לכהונה his daughter cannot marry a priest; and very frequently—plural פְּסוּלִים, פְּסוּלִין; פְּסוּלוֹת. Sanhedrin 3, 3 אלו הן הפ׳ the following are disqualified (for judges or witnesses). Gittin 9, 4 שלשה גטין פ׳ three kinds of letters of divorce are invalid. Zevachim 3, 1 כל הפ׳ ששחטו וכ׳ if any of those unfit for priestly service did the slaughtering, his act is legal. Kiddushin 77ᵃ כל שנולדה מן הפ׳ born of disqualified parents; מאי פ׳ אילימא פ׳ לו what do you mean by ‘disqualified’? Do you mean disqualified (forbidden in marriage) to him (the father)? the same place (ibid.) פְּסוּלֵי כהונה persons disqualified for the priesthood (degraded priests). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 64ᶜ כשרין הוזהרו על הפ׳ וכ׳ qualified persons are cautioned (in the Law) not to marry disqualified women, … but qualified women are not forbidden to marry disqualified men. Shekalim 7, 7 הקינין הפ׳ consecrated birds that became disqualified (or unavailable) for sacrificial purposes. Bechoroth 5, 1, and frequently פסולי המוקדשים dedicated objects which became unfit for the purpose to which they were dedicated; and very frequently ↗ original
פְּסוּל (the preceding) blemish, disqualification. Yoma 1, 1 שמא יארע בו פ׳ because something might happen that would disqualify him for the service of the day. Pesachim 56ᵃ שמא … יש במיטתי פ׳ is there perhaps, which God forbid, a blemish in my couch (an unworthy person among my descendants)? Tosefta Mikvaoth 1, 19, and elsewhere מקוה פְּסוּלוֹ בעצמו a bath (that has become unfit for ritual purposes) has its unfitness in itself; בן גרושה … שפסולו באחרים whereas the son of a divorced woman (married to a priest) owes his disqualification to others (his parents). the same place (ibid.) פסולו ביחיד his (its) unfitness is caused by a single person; פסולו בבית דין by a court; Mikvaoth 3, 1 לעולם הוא בפסולו וכ׳ it remains in its condition of unfitness until etc. Zevachim 8, 3 אין מביאין קדשים לבית הפ׳ we must not wittingly cause sacred meat to be brought to the place where the unfit things are burnt. the same place (ibid.) 10, 7 שלא יביא … לידי פ׳ for one must not cause T’rumah to become unfit; and very frequently ↗ original
פְּסוּלָא 1same. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 22, 10 (edition Vienna edition פְּסוּלָה). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 6, 4. Targum 2 Samuel 22, 27, see פְּסִילָא; and elsewhere—Kethuboth 62ᵇ חס ושלום פ׳ איכא is there, which God forbid, a blemish in the family?—plural פְּסוּלַיָּיא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 3, 64ᵈ top הב דעתך דאית תמן מן אינון פ׳ וכ׳ be careful, for disqualifications (persons disqualified for intermarriage) are there, that thou connect not thyself with them. ↗ original
פְּסוּלָא 2 (פְּסַל) chip, block. Targum Isaiah 51, 1. (see next article) worthless matter, dross. the same place (ibid.) 1, 22 (Hebrew text סיגים). Targum Ezekiel 22, 18 פְּסוּלַת construct state; and elsewhere—plural masculine פְּסוּלַיָּיא. Targum Psalms 119, 119 edition Lagarde edition (edition Vilna edition סוּלַיָּא; Hebrew text סגים). ↗ original
פְּסוֹלֶת (פָּסַל) chips, stone-dust. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 5, 49ᵃ bottom of the page פסל לך שתהא הפ׳ שלך ‘hew for thyself’ (Exodus 34, 1) that the chips be thine; Nedarim 38ᵃ פְּסוֹלְתָּן שלך their chips be thine. the same place (ibid.); Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim the passage cited מפ׳ של לוחית העשיר וכ׳ Moses became rich from the chips of the tablets; and elsewhere refuse, base metal, worthless matter. Shabbath 138ᵃ נוטל אוכל ומניח את הפ׳ he takes up what is eatable, and leaves the refuse. the same place (ibid.) פ׳ למעלה וכ׳ (when you sift,) the refuse is on the surface, and the eatable peas are at the bottom. Bamidbar Rabbah section 16 שהפ׳ שלה משובח וכ׳ the inferior soil of Palestine was much superior to the best of etc. the same place (ibid.) שכן התגרין מראין את הפ׳ וכ׳ so the merchants show the inferior goods first etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 1, 43ᵈ top (referring to מקצות, I Kings 12, 31) מן הקוצים שבעם ומן הפ׳ וכ׳ of the thorns among the people, the refuse etc. Sifré Deuteronomy 312 יצא ממנו פ׳ (supply (understood word) זרע) unworthy offspring came from him; Bereshith Rabbah section 68; and frequently—plural פְּסוֹלוֹת. Bamidbar Rabbah section 7, beginning, see סָנַן. ↗ original
פָּסוּק (פָּסַק) [division, interval,] Biblical verse. Yevamoth 16ᵇ פ׳ זה שר וכ׳ this verse (Psalms 37, 25) has been said by the archangel of the world. Sanhedrin 99ᵃ אפי׳ אמר … חוץ מפ׳ זה even if one says, the whole Torah is from heaven, except this one verse; and very frequently—plural פְּסוּקִים, פְּסוּקִין. Taanith 27ᵇ הקורא בתורה … משלשה פ׳ he who reads from the Law, must read no less than three verses. Megillah 22ᵃ אין מתחילין בפרשה … פ׳ in reading from a section of the Torah you must not begin with less than three verses, i.e. you must begin with at least the fourth verse from the beginning of the section. Kiddushin 30ᵃ חמשת … פ׳ הוו פְסוּקֵי ספר תורה וכ׳ the number of verses of the Book of the Law (Pentateuch) is 5888; the same place (ibid.) והתגלח (חציין) של פ׳ the verse beginning with v’hithgallaḥ (Leviticus 13, 33) marks the middle of the verses of the Pentateuch; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 855 (needs emend.). Vayikra Rabbah section 6 בארי לא נתנבא אלא שני פ׳ וכ׳ Beeri prophesied no more than two verses, … and they were attached to the book of Isaiah; and very frequently—[Sifré Numbers 131 מתחת פסוקין, see פְּסִיקְיָא.] ↗ original
פְּסוּקָא Taanith 27ᵇ כל פ׳ דלא פסקיה וכ׳ you must not divide a verse which Moses has not divided, i.e. in reading you must not stop in the middle of a verse; Megillah 22ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) 25ᵃ דאמר פ׳ פ׳ וכ׳ (Munich manuscript פ׳ only) when he recites each verse (of the Sh’mʿa) and repeats it; Berachoth 33ᵇ פְּסוּקָה פסוקה. Chagigah 15ᵃ and the following אמר ליה פסוק לי פְּסוּקָךְ he said to a child, tell me thy verse; and frequently—plural פְּסוּקִין, פְּסוּקַיָּא, פְּסוּקֵי. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 83ᵇ bottom of the page (explained דלתות, Jeremiah 36, 23) תלת ארבע פ׳ (edition Krot. פְּסִיקָן) three or four verses. Kiddushin 30ᵃ פ׳ מיהא ליתו וכ׳ let us bring up the Torah and count the verses; בפ׳ נמי לא בקיאינן we (Babylonians) know not even the division of verses. the same place (ibid.) במערבא פסקי ליה … תלתא פ׳ in Palestine they divided this verse (Exodus 19, 9) into three verses; and frequently ↗ original
פָּסַח (Biblical Hebrew) to leap over; to spare. Shemoth Rabbah section 15 שאני פוֹסֵחַ עליכם ומגין וכ׳ I (the Lord) will pass over and protect you. Pesachim 10, 5 פֶּסַח על שום שפ׳ המקום וכ׳ the Passover lamb is symbolical of the fact that the Lord passed over the houses etc. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְסַח (denominative of פִּסֵּחַ) to become lame. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 3ᶜ bottom of the page ונ׳ ונתרפא and became lame, but was cured; Bereshith Rabbah section 39; and elsewhere ↗ original
פסח , Targum Isaiah 33, 12 מפסחין, see פְּסַךְ ↗ original
פִּסֵּחַpreceding article) limping, lame. Sifra Emor Chaldaic (Aramaic) 2, Parah 3 פ׳ בין חגר וכ׳ ‘lame’ (Leviticus 21, 18), whether lame on both feet or on one. Sifré Deuteronomy 126; and elsewhere—plural פִּסְּחִים, פִּי׳. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 36 (referring to 2 Samuel 5, 6) העורים והפ׳ אלו הצלמים ‘the blind and the lame’ means the idols; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 82 (with referring to Psalms 115, 5-7). ↗ original
פֶּסַחthe preceding words) Passover festival; (supply (understood word) זבח) Passover sacrifice, Passover meal. Pesachim 5, 1 (58ᵃ) חל ערב פ׳ וכ׳ (Mishnah edition ערבי פסחים; Yerushalmi (prefix) edition ערב פסחים) if the eve of Passover occurred on a Friday. the same place (ibid.) 2 הפ׳ ששחטו וכ׳ if they slaughtered a Passover lamb not as such. the same place (ibid.) 9, 9 חבורה שאבדה פִסְחָהּ a party that lost its dedicated Passover lamb. the same place (ibid.) 5, and frequently פ׳ מצרים, פ׳ דורות, see דּוֹר. the same place (ibid.) 3, and frequently פ׳ ראשון the first Passover, i.e. that celebrated on the fifteenth of Nisan; פ׳ שני the second (vicarious) Passover, on the eve of the fifteenth of Iyar (Numbers 9, 10 and the following); and very frequently—plural פְּסָחִים. the same place (ibid.) 10 שתי … שנתערבו פִּסְחֵיהֶן two parties whose Passover sacrifices were mixed up. the same place (ibid.) 10, 6 ונאכל שם … ומן הפ׳ וכ׳ that there we may partake of the offerings and the Passover sacrifices etc.; and frequently—ערבי (ערב) פ׳, see above. the same place (ibid.) 1; and frequently—P’saḥim, name of a treatise, of the Order of Moëd, of the Mishnah, Tosefta, Talmud Babli and Y’rushalmi. ↗ original
פִּסְחָא Targum Onkelos Exodus 12, 11. Targum 2 Chronicles 30, 18; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 8, beginning 11ᵃ שתי ארבעתי כסוי דלילי פ׳ drank the four cups of wine customary at the celebration of the Passover night. Chullin 129ᵇ פ׳ זעירא the minor Passover (= פסח שני, see the preceding), the fifteenth of Iyar; פ׳ רבה the great Passover, the fifteenth of Nisan. Pesachim 69ᵇ קום מהול ועביד פ׳ go and get circumcised, and partake of the Passover lamb; and frequently—plural פִּסְחַיָּא, פִּי׳. Targum I Samuel 15, 4 באמרי פ׳ by Passover lambs (Hebrew text בטלאים). ↗ original
פָּסָּטוֹן (fossatum, φοσσᾶτον) ditch. Bereshith Rabbah section 46; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 82 [read with Aruch (Sefer HeArukh)) עשו לו סיעה פ׳ a band made a ditch for him (as a trap).—plural פָּסָּטִין. Yalkut Shimoni Kings 230, quoted frequently Tanchuma Thazr. 9 שעשו פטשין … יפלו לתוך הפטשין (correct accordingly) they dug ditches, saying, when the Israelites come to make war, they will fall into the ditches (Tanchuma the passage cited בורות, variant reading פטשין; edition Buber edition 12 פיטסים, manuscripts פוטיסין, פוטסין, read פוֹסָּטִין).—Cmp. פּוֹסָא. ↗ original
פַּסְטִי (?) proper noun of a male person, see פַּנְטִי ↗ original
פִּסְטִילּוֹס (pistillus) pestle, pounder. Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 102 (referring to הדקו Daniel 6, 25) כהדין פ׳ as with a pounder; Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 11 כאילין פסטילם (correct accordingly, or פִּסְטִילִּין, plural); Yalkut Shimoni Daniel 1064 פסטולים (correct accordingly). ↗ original
פַּסְטְלִין (adapt. of pastilli, as if from פסל or פצל) lozenges, sugar pills. Yalkut Shimoni Song of Songs 981; Shemoth Rabbah section 41 פִּיצְטְלִין; compare אִיפִּסְטְלִין. ↗ original
פסטמא , Vayikra Rabbah section 9, some edition פסטטא; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 493 פשטמא, a corruption, read פְּרַגְמָטָא. ↗ original
פסיto spread, be extended. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 3, beginning 40ᵇ מאור החמה פּוֹסֶה וכ׳ the light of the sun (dawn) spreads over the whole eastern horizon, opposite מתמר ועולה. the same place (ibid.) 41ᵃ bottom of the page של בית היתה מתמרת … ופוֹסָה ויורדת וכ׳ … the frankincense of Beth Abtinas rose straight in a colunn and then spread and came down etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 5, 49ᵃ top; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 14; 3, 6. the same place (ibid.) to 4, 14 (referring to ואהלות the same place (ibid.)) [read:] (עץ) שהוא פוסה כאהל a tree which spreads like a tent. Bereshith Rabbah section 15 (referring to עץ החיים, Genesis 2, 9) עץ שהוא פוסה על פני וכ׳ a tree which spread over all living things. Nega'im 4, 8, and frequently ופָשְׂתָה וכ׳ and the spot spread etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 1, 80ᶜ bottom of the page ופָסְתָה; and frequently ↗ original
פְּסֵי ² (= פסע, פסח) to step. Bava Metzia 86ᵇ דלא מציא פַסְיָא קניא (Manuscript Hamburg יכלה למיפסע, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 60) which cannot step over a reed (from fatness).—[פסי איית, see next word] ↗ original
פְּסִיָּאִית adverb (פְּסֵי 1, compare פִּיסPa'el) in a persuasive manner. Targum Proverbs 25, 11 (some edition פסי איית, correct accordingly). ↗ original
פְּסִיגָא (פָּסַג; see פִּסְגָּה) branch, sprig. ʿUktsin 1, 5 פ׳ של אשכול שריקנה (Talmud edition פסיגא) a sprig of a vine when stripped of its grapes.—plural פְּסִיגִין. Tosefta Peah 3, 11 (explained כתף) פ׳ המחוברות וכ׳ (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) בסיגין, variant reading סיגין) sprigs which are joined to the trunk one above the other; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 7, 20ᵃ bottom of the page פ׳ זו על גבי זו. ↗ original
פְּסִידָא (פְּסַד) loss, disadvantage. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 22, 14.—Bava Metzia 3ᵃ מאי פ׳ אית ליה דלודי what loss can he suffer (through his false claim) that should induce him to confess the truth? (see פָּסַד). Moed Katan 2ᵃ, and the following במקום פ׳ where there is a loss involved (by the delay); Kethuboth 60ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original
פסידתו , Midrash Tehillim to 9, 1 edition Buber edition; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 642, see פַּחְדָּה↗ original
פִּסָּיוֹן (פָּסָה) spreading, extension, especially spreading of a leprous spot (Leviticus 13, 7, and elsewhere). Nega'im 1, 3; 5; 6 (פס׳ a. פש׳ interchanging). the same place (ibid.) 3, 4; and frequently ↗ original
פִּסְיוֹנָא masculine = Hebrew פִּסָּיוֹן. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 13, 5, and the following; and frequently—Fem. form: פִּסְיָינְתָּא. the same place (ibid.) 28 (edition Vienna edition פִּסְיָינָתָא). ↗ original
פִּסְיוֹנִי (φασιανός, supply (understood word) ὀῤνις) [bird from the river Phasis in Colchis,] pheasant (Phasianus Colchicus). Bamidbar Rabbah section 7 מי שהיה מתאוה תרנגול או פסיון וכ׳ whoever desired to eat chicken or pheasant, found the taste of it in the manna. Tosefta Kilayim 1, 8 תרנגול … ופ׳ וכ׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading פסאני, פַּסְיָאנִי) chicken, peacock and pheasant, although resembling one another, are heterogeneous birds; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 27ᵃ bottom of the page הפוסיוני; Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 5, end, 5ᵃ פי׳; Babylonian Bava Kamma 55ᵃ (Rashi: partridge). Yoma 75ᵇ (as a species of quail, see סְלָיו). Kiddushin 31ᵃ. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 4; and elsewhere—plural פִּסְיוֹנִים, פִּסְיוֹנִין, פִּי׳. the same place (ibid.) פ׳ וראשי פטומות pheasants and choice of fattened birds; and elsewhere ↗ original
פִּסְיוֹנִי ² Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, 42ᵈ top, see טַוָּוסָא.—plural פִּסְיוֹנִין, פִּי׳. Bereshith Rabbah section 70 כמה טווסין … כמה פ׳ אית לי (some edition פּוּסְיָינֵי) how many peacocks, how many pheasants have I!; Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 8. the same place (ibid.) to 2, 8 פּוּסְיָאנִין. ↗ original
פְּסִיחָה (פָּסַח) stepping over, use of the rootפסח. Mechilta Bo, section 11; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 200, see חָסִית 2. ↗ original
פָּסִילhewn image.— plural פְּסִילִים. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 8ᵃ ויחללוה עובדי פ׳ and which idolaters have desecrated. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 30 הפ׳ של בית וכ׳ the images of the house of Pharaoh her father; and elsewhere chisel, see פְּסִילָה.—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 1, 37ᵃ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 1, beginning 51ᵃ נזיר פסילים, see פְּסִילּוֹס.] ↗ original
פְּסִילָא 1) as the preceding 1. Chaldaic (Aramaic) as the preceding 1.—plural פְּסִילַיָּא. Targum Psalms 78, 58, see פִּסְלָא.—Bereshith Rabbah section 38, end ותבריהון לכלהון פ׳ (not פסילא) and broke all the idols. = פְּסוּלָא I. Targum Psalms 18, 27 (manuscript פְּסִילָן feminine plural); Targum 2 Samuel 22, 27 פְּסוּלָא.—plural as ab. Echah Rabbah to 3, 45 מאסייא פ׳ (some edition פְּסִילָאַיָּיא), see מְאִיס.—[5. פְּסִילְיָא.] ↗ original
פְּסִילָה (פָּסַל) chisel or gimlet. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 59ᵈ (explained מרצע, Exodus 21, 6) זה הפ׳ (some edition הפָּסִיל), contradistinguished to מקדח.—[Koheleth Rabbah to 9, 11; 10, 20 פסילתן, some edition, see פְּסוֹלֶת.] ↗ original
פְּסִילּוֹס (ψελλός) one unable to pronounce certain letters, stammerer. Vayikra Rabbah section 10, beginning והיו קורין אותו פ׳ and they called him (Amos) the stammerer; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 307, see עָמַס. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Naḥămu, p. 125ᵇ his name was Amos שהיה פ׳ בלשונו (not שהיו) because he hesitated in his speech.—plural פְּסִילִּים. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 1, 37ᵃ top במקום שקוראין לנזיר נזיק … נזיר פ׳ וכ׳ in a place where people say naziḳ for nazir (owing to a dialectical peculiarity), I say so: shall a Nazarite among stammerers not be a Nazarite?; Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 1, beginning 51ᵃ ↗ original
פְּסִילּוֹסָא Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Naḥămu, p. 125ᵇ; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 307 הניח … על הדין פ׳ על הדין קטיע לישנא did the Lord pass the whole world and let his inspiration rest on this stammerer, this tongueless man?; Koheleth Rabbah beginning על הדין קטיע לישנא פ׳; Vayikra Rabbah section 10, beginning Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (missing in edition). ↗ original
פְּסִילְיָא (see next article) an inferior kind of beans (compare פַּיְישׂוֹנָא). Avodah Zarah 38ᵇ היא המטליא היא פ׳ וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (Munich manuscript פסליא; edition פשליא) the same law applies to gentile preparations of hemṭalia, psilia and sh’ʿitha, see הֵמְטַלְיָא a. שְׁעִיתָא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 1, 60ᵈ bottom of the page תורמוסין ופ׳ lupines and psilia (inferior beans); Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᵇ ופְסִילְיָין and the inferior beans among them (see Babylonian Shabbath 74ᵃ bottom of the page). ↗ original
פסיליה , Tosefta Demai 1, 9 variant reading edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) פסליא, absent in other editions), see פַּסְלְקָאוֹת↗ original
פְּסִילְתָּא (פְּסַל) [refuse,] name of a bean(Hebrew . Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 1, 27ᵃ top Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word פול (Rabbenu Shimshon to Kilayim 1, 1 פְּסִילוּתָא, פשיל׳; edition פתילת׳, correct accordingly). ↗ original
פְּסִינְתְּיָטוֹן (absinthiatum, supply (understood word) vinum) worm-wood-wine. Tanchuma Vayesheb 8, contradistinguished to קונדיטון. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 41ᵃ top המר פ׳ ‘bitter wine’ is absinthiatum; Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, 45ᶜ פסתיגון (correct accordingly). ↗ original
פָּסִיס (פִּיס or פָּסַס) persuasion, good-will, accommodation; שטר פ׳ (not פסים) a deed of sale for accommodation, a feigned transfer (a Hebrew adaptation of πίστις), see פִּיסְטִיס. peg. plural פְּסִיסִין. Bava Bathra 2ᵇ Munich manuscript, see מְסִיפָס; compare פְּסִיסִית. ↗ original
פְּסִיסִית (פָּסַס, compare פַּס 2 a. פִּסְפֵּס I) a partition between courts marked off by pegs.—Psalmsפְּסִיסִיּוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 9, beginning 25ᶜ הרי שהיתה החצר חלוקה בפ׳ if the court (common to two parties) is marked off by pegs. ↗ original
פְּסִיסְפָּס masculine same. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 5, beginning 39ᵃ [read:] אם היתה החצר חלוקה בפ׳ (Avodah Zarah 70ᵇ במְסִיפָס), see the preceding↗ original
פְּסִיעָה (פָּסַע) step, walk. Berachoth 6ᵇ, and frequently פ׳ גסה, see גַּס 3. Bereshith Rabbah section 39 ליתן שכר על כל פ׳ ופ׳ to reward him for every step. Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 2 ‘and the living shall take it to heart’ (the same place (ibid.)) זה חי העולמים … על כל פ׳ ופ׳ וכ׳ that means the Everliving who rewards man for every step he takes for deeds of charity. Pesikta Rabbati section 33 (referring to Isaiah 51, 14) מן אדם שהוא ממהר בפְסִיעָתוֹ בשביל להיפתח וכ׳ art thou afraid of man who hastens his step to have an opening … and runs with hasty step, that he may not miss his bread?; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 336; and frequently—plural פְּסִיעוֹת. Yoma 53ᵇ המתפלל צריך שיפסיע שלש פ׳ לאחוריו וכ׳ he who is in prayer (when a person enters), must pass three steps backward (when he ends his prayer), and then turn around to salute. the same place (ibid.) דפסעי להו שלש פ׳ בכריעה אחת they made the three steps back ward with one bow. Sanhedrin 22ᵃ (he who loses his wife) פְּסִיעוֹתָיו מתקצרות has his steps shortened (his energies broken, with referring to Job 18, 7). Shabbath 63ᵇ שהיו פְסִיעוֹתֵיהֶם גסות who used to make wide steps. Bamidbar Rabbah section 4; and frequently ↗ original
פְּסִיעֲתָא Targum Psalms 18, 37; 2 Samuel 22, 37; and elsewhere—plural פְּסִיעָתָא, פְּסִיעָן. Targum Job 14, 16 (not פְּסִיעוֹתַי). the same place (ibid.) 31, 4; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 8, 26ᵇ bottom of the page בגין דהליך תרתין פ׳ הוא מפסיד shall he be at a disadvantage, because he walked two steps (into the court room)?; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 7, 38ᵃ (correct accordingly); Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 9, 33ᵇ bottom of the page ↗ original
פסיפון , Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Vattom., p. 131ᵃ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see פיספיסאי.—Echah Rabbah to 2, 1 Musafia, see next word↗ original
פְּסִיפָּס (פָּסַס, compare פְּסִיסִית) cut and polished stone block, used for paving floors, stone pavement, mosaic. Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 28 אבן פסי׳ שיש וכ׳ edition Schechter (edition פיספס) a paving block which has four polished sides (a metaphor for a many-sided scholar). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᵇ top בשאין שם פ׳ where there is no stone pavement. the same place (ibid.) 12, beginning 13ᶜ (Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) מקטע פ׳ he who trims a paving stone (or die, see below). Shemoth Rabbah section 10 בתיהם של גדולים … בשיש בפ׳ the houses of the nobles which were paved with marble or blocks; Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 102 בתי השיש והפִּסְפְּסִים (plural); Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 820 בתי השיש ובתי הפ׳ (Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 105 בתי הסיפים, see סַף). Devarim Rabbah section 1 ואם בפ׳ הפ׳ וכ׳ and if (she wipes her hands) on the pavement, the pavement will be blackened, but her hands will not be clean; and elsewhere—plural פְּסִיפְסִים, פְּסִיפְסִין, פִּסְפְּ׳, פִּיסְ׳. Yalkut Shimoni Samuel the passage cited; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms the passage cited, see above. Middoth 1, 6 ראשי פסי׳ וכ׳ variant reading in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word פשפש (Mishnah edition פספ׳; Talmud edition פישפשין) the ends of the flag-stones in the pavement indicated the mark between the sacred and the secular grounds; [commentary or commentaries: blocks on the ceiling]; the same place (ibid.) 2, 6; and elsewhere—[Tosefta Zevachim 7, 1 פסיפסין, variant reading פסיפיסין, see פִּשְׁפָשׁ I.] cube, die.—plural as ab. Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 1, 57ᶜ top (explained המשחק בקוביא) המשחק בפסי׳ he who plays with dice; Sanhedrin 25ᵇ, and elsewhere בפיספ׳ (Rashi: blocks of wood); Yerushalmi (prefix) the passage cited משישבור את פְּסִיפְסָיו (he is not reinstated from his civil disabilities,) until he breaks his dice; Sanhedrin the passage cited משישברו את פִּיסְפְּסֵיהֶן; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 7, 37ᵈ bottom of the page פִּיסְפְּסָיו; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 3, beginning, 21ᵃ (also פְּשִׂיפְשִׂין). Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 26, 10 אלי המשחקין בפספ׳ וכ׳ that means those who play with dice, who calculate (throw) with the left hand and press with the right hand, and rob and wrong one another; and elsewhere check (in garments), square, or stripe (compare פַּס). Nega'im 11, 7 והרי הוא פסי׳ יחידי edition Dehr. (edition פספס) suppose there is only one (white) stripe in the whole garment?—plural as ab. the same place (ibid.) קייטא שיש בה פ׳ צבועים וכ׳ a pieced sheet in which there are checkers colored and white; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 5, 10. Yalkut Shimoni Job 927 פספסין הדֵּיהוֹת שלו מכחות וכ׳ (or הדּוּחוֹת, not פספסי הרוחות) the faintest checkers (or stripes) of the Leviathan’s skin outshine the sun (see Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 653). voting tablet, verdict. Echah Rabbah to 2, 1, see חִיתּוּךְ.—[The contact between the Hebrew and Greek languages influenced the form פסיפס and the coincidence of some meanings of our word with ψῆφος pebble.] ↗ original
*פְּסִיפַּס Targum I Kings 5, 31 אבן פ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אבנין פסילן; Hebrew text גזית).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 12, beginning 13ᶜ מקטע פספס, see the preceding↗ original
פְּסִיקָא 1 (פְּסַק) part, fraction. Bava Bathra 62ᵇ, and the following, contradistinguished to פלגא. subscription for charity, collection. Vayikra Rabbah section 32, end ואנן עבדין לך פ׳ בציבורא and we shall arrange a collection for you in the assembly; עבדון ליה פ׳ they made up a purse for him. Vayikra Rabbah section 5 עביד פְּסִיקָה למתן וכ׳ (not למיתן) arranged a subscription for a charity in the college of Tiberias. = פְּסוּקָא, verse.—plural פְּסִיקָן, see פְּסוּקָא. ↗ original
פְּסִיקָה (פָּסַק) cutting apart. Sukkah 11ᵃ פְּסִיקָתָן זו היא עשייתן cutting the threads apart is the making of them (the show fringes). separated thread. Nega'im 11, 8 אפי׳ פ׳ אחת וכ׳ even if only one separate thread was on the coil, and he knotted it.—plural פְּסִיקוֹת. the same place (ibid.) היתה פ׳ if the coil consisted of separate threads. ↗ original
פְּסֵיקָה (פָּסַק, see Hif'il 4) water collected behind a dam, reservoir, pool.— plural פְּסֵיקוֹת. Moed Katan 4ᵃ הפ׳ והבריכות וכ׳ pools and ponds which were filled with water on the eve of a Holy Day. ↗ original
פסיקוליה , Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 1, 15ᵈ בפ׳ אחרייא, read: כדפסיקו ליה לאחרייא, see פְּסַק↗ original
פְּסִיקְיָא (an adapt. of fascia, as if from פסק) band or fillet worn by women over the breast; girdle; bandage round the legs and feet. Targum Isaiah 3, 24 פְּסִיקַיָּא (plural form).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 28ᵈ bottom of the page נתן את הברזל תחת פ׳ שלו he put the iron point of his spear under his fascia. Shabbath 15, 2 (111ᵇ) ושל פסי׳ (Babylonian edition פסקיא) and the cords of the breast bandage. the same place (ibid.) (113ᵃ) קושרין דלי בפ׳ וכ׳ (Babylonian edition בפסק׳ you may (on the Sabbath) tie up (the broken rope of) a bucket with a fascia, but not with a rope. the same place (ibid.) 113ᵃ כורך עליו פונדא או פ׳ (Munich manuscript פסיקא) he may wind a funda or a fascia around it; Pesachim 11ᵃ פיסקיא (Munich manuscript פסיקיא; early edition פסקי, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, end, 32ᵈ פיסקי (correct accordingly), see עֲגַל I; and elsewhere—plural form פְּסִיקִין. Sifré Numbers 131 והיא מוציאה … מתחת פ׳ שלה (not פסוקין) she took an impression of Peor from under her breast band (Sanhedrin 106ᵃ חיקה). ↗ original
פְּסִיקְתָּא (פְּסַק) apportionment, agreement to pay, especially dowry. Moed Katan 18ᵇ שטרי פ׳ agreements stating the amounts which the parents promise to their respective son or daughter; Kiddushin 9ᵇ; Kethuboth 102ᵇ; and frequently section, especially P’siḳta, name of several Midrashim, a) P. d’R. Kahăna (or only P’siḳta) (edited by S. Buber).—b) P. Rabbathi (Large P.).—c) (of late origin) P. Zuṭarta or Zuṭrathi (Small P.) (edited by S. Buber).—[ a small share, see פִּיסְקְתָא.] ↗ original
פְּסַכְתֵּר (corresp. to ψυχθηρ = ψυκτήρ) [wine-cooler,] a large pot. Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 3, 79ᵃ; Tamid 5, 5 כופה … פ׳ (,Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) everywhere פסק׳), see כָּפָה; the same place (ibid.) ופ׳ היה כלי וכ׳ the psykter was a large vessel, holding etc. Sifré Tsav, Parah 1, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 2; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 4, end, 42ᵃ; Bamidbar Rabbah section 4. Eruvin 10, 15; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּסַכְתֵּרָא —plural פְּסַכְתֵּרָוָותָא. Targum Onkelos Exodus 38, 3 (edition Berlin edition פְּסַכְתֵּירָ׳, some edition פְּסֵיכְתֵּירָ׳; Hebrew text סירות). the same place (ibid.) 27, 3. ↗ original
פָּסַל (Biblical Hebrew) to cut, chip, hew, trim. Tanchuma ʿEḳeb 9 (referring to Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 3, 5) עת היה לִפְסוֹל שני וכ׳ the time came to hew other two tablets (in place of the broken). the same place (ibid.) מתחת כסא הכבוד פְּסָלָּן he hewed them from under the throne of glory. Avodah Zarah 52ᵃ (referring to Deuteronomy 7, 25) משפְּסָלוֹ נעשה אלוה as soon as a gentile has done chiselling on it, it becomes a deity (an idol forbidden to Jews for any use); the same place (ibid.) פסלו לאלוה לא וכ׳ when the gentile has hewed it for a god, thou shalt not covet it; פסלו מאלוה ולקחת לך when he chips it so as to unfit it as an idol (see below), thou mayest take it unto thyself; and elsewhere—participle passiveפָּסוּל; feminine פְּסוּלָה; plural פְּסוּלִים, פְּסוּלִין; פְּסוּלוֹתa) chiselled, chipped. Vayikra Rabbah section 22 אבנים פ׳ chipped stones (unfit for the altar); and elsewhere—b) (compare פָּגַם) defective, unfit, disqualified, see פָּסוּל. (denominative of פָּסוּל) to disqualify, to be the cause of disqualification of; to declare unfit. Chullin 3, 12 פּוֹסְלִין, see כָּשֵׁר I. Avodah Zarah the passage cited מניין לנכרי שפּוֹסֵל אלוהו how will you prove that a gentile can cancel his deity (by disfiguring it)? Kiddushin 70ᵃ אוי לו לפוסל את זרעו ולפוגם וכ׳ woe to him who causes his descendants to be disqualified and his family to be tarnished. the same place (ibid.) כל הפוסל פסול he who tarnishes (casts suspicion on the purity of a family) is himself tarnished (of spurious descent); במומו פוסל he charges others with his own defect. Shemoth Rabbah section 1 החזירתו … ופ׳ את כלן she (Pharaoh’s daughter) took him (the infant Moses) around to all Egyptian women to give him suck, but he rejected all of them (refused to take their breasts); ולמה פְסָלָן and why did he reject them? Sanhedrin 3, 1 זה פוֹסֵל דיינו של זה וכ׳ each has a right to reject the judge chosen by the other; אם היו כשרים … אינו יכול לפוֹסְלָן if they are fit (not legally disqualified) or authorized, he cannot reject them. the same place (ibid.) זה פוסל עדיו וכ׳ every witness in a case may help by his testimony to disqualify the opposing party’s witnesses. Rosh Hashanah 1, 7 קבלו … ופָסְלוּ וכ׳ they accepted as witnesses himself and his son, and rejected his slave. Mikvaoth 2, 4 פּוֹסְלִין את המקוה are sufficient to make the pond unfit for ritual immersion. the same place (ibid.) 7, 5 לא פְסָלוּהוּ they do not make the blood unfit. Zevachim 1, 4 המחשבה פוֹסֶלֶת the improper intention makes the sacrifice unfit. Sukkah 2, 7, and elsewhere בית שמאי פוסלין the school of Sh. declares such a Succah to be ritually unfit; and very frequently—Transferred to cancel, abrogate. Bava Kamma 97ᵃ פְּסָלַתּוּ מלכות the government cancelled the coin; פסלתו מדינה the inhabitants of the district refused to pass it.—Bereshith Rabbah section 30, beginning כל מקום שנאמר אלה פ׳ את הראשונים וכ׳ wherever the Biblical text has ‘these’, it is meant to cancel (exclude) the preceding; wherever it has ‘and these’, it is to add to the preceding; Shemoth Rabbah section 1 אלה תולדות … פ׳ וכ׳ ‘these are the origins of heaven and earth’ (Genesis 2, 4), this excludes the time of chaos; and frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפסַלto be hewn, sculptured. Sifra K’dosh. beginning פסל על שהם נִפְסָלִין idols are named pesel, because they are sculptured; (Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 604 פסולין). to be disqualified, made unfit, declared unfit. Zevachim 1, 4 הזבח נ׳ ארבעה וכ׳ a sacrifice may become unfit by improper actions in four stages, at the slaughtering etc. Pesachim 15ᵇ; 45ᵇ הפת … ונִפְסְלָה מלאכול if bread becomes mouldy and unfit for man to eat. Tohoroth 8, 6 עד שיִפָּסֵל מאוכל הכלב until it becomes unfit for a dog to eat; Yerushalmi (prefix) Challah 4, 60ᵃ top עד שתִּפְסוֹל. [Menachoth 100ᵃ, see פְּסוֹל.] Bamidbar Rabbah section 6 end לא היו נִפְסָלִים אלא בקול they (the Levites) became unfit for service only when they lost their voice for song. Bava Kamma 9, 2 נִפְסְלָה מעל גבי המזבח became unfit for the altar; and frequently—Transferred to be cancelled, abrogated. Bava Kamma the passage cited מטבע ונ׳ (גזל) if one stole a coin, and it was invalidated (before he made the restitution). Sanhedrin 104ᵇ (explained סִלָּה, Lamentations 1, 15) כאדם שאומר לחברו נפסלה מטבע זו as one says to his neighbor, this coin is worthless; see סָלָא; and elsewhere Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּיסֵּלto cut off dry twigs, to trim. Shevi'ith 2, 3 מְפַסְּלִין עד וכ׳ (in the ante-Sabbatical year) you may trim trees up to New Year, see פִּיסּוּל. Mikvaoth 9, 7 מְפַסְּלי אילנות trimmers of trees. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᵃ top; and elsewhere—Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 942 מְפַסְּלוֹ במעצד he chips it (the crooked staff) with the adze; Sifré the same place (ibid.) 308 מפתלו (correct accordingly). Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְסִילto find fault, to speak contemptuously. Koheleth Rabbah to 11, 9 שהיה מַפְסִיל בנשים וכ׳ who used to find fault with women (considering none good enough for him as wife), and was a profligate.—[participle passive מוּפְסָל, see next word] ↗ original
פְּסַלto cut, hew, dig. Targum Exodus 34, 1. Targum Deuteronomy 6, 11; and frequently—participle passive פְּסִיל; feminine פְּסִילָא; plural פְּסִילִין; פְּסִילָן, פְּסִל׳. the same place (ibid.); and elsewhere to make or declare unfit; to reject. Sanhedrin 23ᵃ בתר דפַסְלֵי להו וכ׳ after they (the parties) rejected them, shall they (the rejected judges) go and select another court? the same place (ibid.) רחמנא פַסְלֵיה it is the Law that declared him unfit. the same place (ibid.) כל כמיניה דפָסֵיל דייני is it in his power to reject judges?; and frequently—participle passive as ab. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 22, 10. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Leviticus 7, 18 (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 פָּסוּל Hebrew form; Hebrew text פגול); and elsewhere—[Targum Psalms 18, 27, see פְּסִילָא.]—Kethuboth 61ᵇ מאן דעביד הכי פ׳ למאכל וכ׳ he who does a thing like this is unfit to prepare food for the king. the same place (ibid.) 105ᵇ האי דיינא … פ׳ למידן דינא (some edition פסול) a judge that is in the habit of borrowing (things from his neighbors) is unfit to judge cases. the same place (ibid.) פְּסִילְנָא לך לדינא I am unfit to be a judge in thy case (because I have been offered a gift); and frequently—5. פְּסוֹל. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְפְּסַל, אִתְפְּסֵיל, , אִיפְּסִילto be engraven. Targum Job 19, 24. to be hewn out. Targum Isaiah 51, 1. to be disqualified, unfit, rejected. Targum Psalms 68, 16. [Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 8, 24 מוּפְסָלִין Hebrew Hof.]—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 7, 31ᵃ top [read:] א"ל טבא היא ואִיפְסְלַת he said to him, it is a good coin, whereas it had been cancelled. Menachoth 102ᵇ לאִיפְּסוּלֵי דגופיה (Munich manuscript לפסולא) to become unfit for itself (but not for making unclean); Pesachim 20ᵃ לאיפסולי גופיה; and frequently Af'el הִפְעִיל אַפְסֵלto make unfit. Chullin 36ᵃ לאַפְסוּלֵי גופיה to cause the object itself to be forbidden (the same place (ibid.) 37ᵃ לפסולא דגופיה), see above. Pa'el פִּעֵל פַּסֵּלto cut (stones). Targum 2 Chronicles 24, 12 מְפַסְּלִין stone-cutters. ↗ original
פַּסָּל (the preceding) mattock. Sifré Deuteronomy 38; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 857 ארץ … אם אינו עמל בה בפ׳ וקורדום the soil of Egypt cannot be planted, unless one first works it with mattock and axe. Berachoth 57ᵇ; Bava Metzia 82ᵇ, see מָרָא 2. ↗ original
פֶּסֶלthe preceding) sculptured or carved image. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 18, 41 שהיה דגון פִּסְלוֹ וכ׳ edition Buber edition (other edition אלוהו) his idol Dagon was engraven on his heart. Sifra K’dosh. beginning; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 604, see פָּסַל; Mechilta Mishpatim section 20. Sanhedrin 103ᵇ see מִיכָה I; and elsewhere—plural פְּסִילִים, see פָּסִיל. chip, lath, contradistinguished to נסר. Sukkah 18ᵃ נסר ופ׳ וכ׳ a board alternating with a lath (as the covering of a Succah). Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 3; Sukkah 19ᵃ פ׳ היוצא מן הסוכה a lath roof prolonged beyond the walls of the Succah; explained the same place (ibid.) קנים היוצאים וכ׳ reeds or staves which etc.—plural פְּסָלִים. the same place (ibid.) 18ᵃ ↗ original
פִּסְלָאimage. Targum Psalms 97, 7. Targum Song of Songs 2, 15; and frequently lath, lintel, especially a lintel placed across a street or a court. Shabbath 80ᵃ; Bava Bathra 56ᵃ. Gittin 77ᵇ נפל בפ׳ (the letter of divorce) fell on a cross-board (in the court). ↗ original
פַּסְלוּת (denominative of פָּסוּל) condition of unfitness, disqualification, opposite כשרות. Bava Bathra 128ᵃ כל שתחילתו או סופו בפ׳ וכ׳ testimony for which the witness was disqualified at the beginning (when the fact to be attested occurred), or is disqualified at the end (when the evidence is taken) is illegal. Koheleth Rabbah to 9, 7 שמא פ׳ היה בבני there was perhaps a defect in my son which made him rejectable as an offering. ↗ original
פסלין , probably to be read: פִּסְלוֹן masculine (פָּסַל) a rough stone. Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 1, 12 פ׳ שהוא כותב עליו וכ׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (other edition פוסלין, read פיסלון) a rough stone on which a charm is written (see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Amuletum). ↗ original
פַּסְלְקָאוֹת (βασίλικα, supply (understood word) κάρυα, basilicæ, supply (understood word) nuces) basilicæ, the best kind of nuts. Tosefta Demai 1, 9 [read:] האגוזין ודורמסקיות ופ׳ (variant reading והפסדקאות; ופסליא edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.), variant reading ופסיליה, standing for βασιλεια, a dittography of our word) nuts, plums, and walnuts. ↗ original
פָּסַס (Biblical Hebrew) (Biblical Hebrew) to be cut off, be gone. Tanchuma Haăz. 7 (play on נחׄבׄי בן ופׄסׄי, Numbers 13, 14) החבׄיא האמת ופַ֗סָּ֗ה האמונה מפיו he hid the truth, and faith was gone from his mouth. to cut into stripes, divide, see פַּס. to distribute (with the shovel, see פַּס Chaldaic (Aramaic) 4). Tosefta ʿUktsin 1, 5 תבואה שפְּסָסָהּ בגורן (variant reading edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) שנִפְסְסָה) grain which one distributed in the barn (forming separate piles). ʿUktsin 1, 5 שפְּסָסָן Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word פספס (see בָּסַס).—Bereshith Rabbah section 31 [read:] והיה פוֹסְסָן מן הצד and he shovelled them (the excrements) sideways (out into the water); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 54 והיה פותחין (correct accordingly), see קָטָרַקְטִין. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְסַסto be spread, shovelled, see above. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֵפֵיס, הֵיפֵסto distribute, spread; ה׳ מורסאto distribute an ulcer by manipulation, to pass over with the hand(פַּס). Eduy. 2, 5; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 8 המֵיפֵיס מורסא וכ׳ he who manipulates an abscess on the Sabbath, if for the purpose (of peeling or) of making a head to it as the physicians do etc.; Shabbath 107ᵇ; and elsewhere (see פִּיס) to break, weaken. Pesachim 107ᵃ, see פִּיס. ↗ original
פְּסַס , to distribute. Targum Hosea 4, 8 כהניא פַסּוּ וכ׳ the priests distribute (the sacrifices among themselves) etc.—Bereshith Rabbah section 17 אנן פַּסִּין לה פירקא וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (read פורנא) we shall apportion (among ourselves, pay each his share towards) her dowry, and you divorce her (edition יהבינן לה פורנא); Vayikra Rabbah section 34 אנן פסקינן, see פְּסַק). Af'el הִפְעִיל אַפֵּיסto break, weaken; to desecrate, see פִּיס. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתַּפֵּסto be weakened, be degraded. Targum Job 15, 20, see פִּיס, a. תְּפַס 2. ↗ original
פָּסַע [to spread the feet,] to step out, walk. Megillah 27ᵇ לא פָסַעְתִּי על ראשי וכ׳ I never strode over the heads of the holy people (never forced my way through the students seated on the floor to reach my chair); Sanhedrin 7ᵇ מניין לדיין שלא יִפְסַע וכ׳ where is it intimated that a judge must not force his way etc. (Answ. by referring to Exodus 20, 26, and the following); Yevamoth 105ᵇ מי שצריך … יִפְסַע וכ׳ he of whom the holy people are in need, may step over the heads etc. Sotah 13ᵇ שתים … ופְסָעָן משה בפסיעה אחת twelve steps were there, and Moses passed over them with one step. Bereshith Rabbah section 99 (play on פׄחׄז, Genesis 49, 4) פָּסַעְתָּ על דת חׄללת … זׄר thou didst overstep (transgress) the law, desecrate thy birthright (priesthood), and hast become a commoner. Mechilta Bo 7 (referring to Exodus 12, 13) א"ת ופסחתי אלא וּפָסַעְתִּי וכ׳ read not, and I will pass, but I will step over (leap, skip), the Lord skipped over etc.; and elsewhere Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּסֵּעַsame. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 6, 30ᶜ לפַסֵּעַ, see פֵּיפוּר. Yevamoth the passage cited מי הוא זה שמְפַסֵּעַ על ראשי וכ׳ who is he that forces his way over the heads etc.?, see above; and elsewhere Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְסִיעַsame. Horayoth 13ᵇ בזמן שרבים … מַפְסִיעִין על וכ׳ when the public need their services, they may force their way etc. Taanith 10ᵇ אל תַּפְסִיעוּ פסיעה גסה וכ׳ never march with hasty steps, and bring the sun into town (enter before sunset); and elsewhere to make cross-stitches. Moed Katan 10ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 80ᵈ bottom of the page, see כָּלַב. ↗ original
פְּסַע , to walk with legs wide apart, waddle. Targum 2 Samuel 20, 8 (Hebrew text ותפל!), see פְּסִיעַ.—Pesachim 111ᵇ האי מאן דפ׳ אדיקלא (Munich manuscript דמִיפְּסַעIthpeel) he who steps over a (young) date palm.—5. פְּצֵי. Pa'el פִּעֵל פַּסַּעto step heavily, pompously. Yevamoth 105ᵇ אגב יוקריה הוה מְפַסַּע ואזיל on account of his heavy build he stepped in and walked (through the assembled students, making the impression of haughtiness), see the preceding—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 4ᶜ bottom of the page והוה … מְפַסַּע וכ׳ and R. J. stepped upon the graves. ↗ original
פִּסְפֵּס 1 (see פָּסַס) to separate, part, tear (into stripes, shreds). Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 7, 3 מה האריה … ומְפַסְפְּסוֹ כך … לפַסְפְּסֵנִי (variant reading in manuscript מפצפצ׳, see edition Buber edition note) as the lion sits over his prey and tears it, so Doeg and Ahithophel sit over me to tear me; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 637; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 22, 17. Shabbath 24, 2 מְפַסְפְּסִים את הכיפים you may (untie and) spread the bundles (of fodder), see כִּיפָּה. the same place (ibid.) 155ᵃ לא לפַסְפֵּס ולא להתיר neither to spread nor even to untie. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3 (4), 18 מפספסין את הכפין ובלבד וכ׳ (variant reading ומפרכסין, incorr.) you may part the bundles, provided you do not pluck them apart. Nazir 6, 3 נזיר חופף ומְפַסְפֵּס the Nazarite may wash his hair (see חָפַף) and part it (with his fingers), but must not use a comb. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, 55ᵇ top מפספסין בקליקין you may part the tangles in the Nazarite’s hair; Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 4, 62ᶜ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 3, 47ᶜ הגיזברין היו מפספסין בקילקין the Temple treasurers had the entangled hair (of those engaged in counting) straightened (to avoid the suspicion that they had coins concealed); and elsewhere ↗ original
פַּסְפֵּס Shabbath 155ᵃ מתירין … פַּסְפּוּסֵי לא you may untie …, but not spread; פספוסי נמי מְפַסְפְּסִינָן we may also spread. ↗ original
פִּסְפֵּס 2 (transpos. of סִפְסֵף; compare גִּעְגֵּעַ) to cut the ends, trim by singeing. Tosefta Pesachim 5, 10 אין … אבל מְפַסְפְּסִין אותן באור you dare not scald the head and feet (of the Passover lamb) …, but you may trim them by holding them over the fire; Tosefta Betzah 3, 19 (variant reading מספסין; Betzah 34ᵃ מהבהבין). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, 62ᶜ bottom of the page אין מפספסין quoted in Levy (edition Krot. מספספ׳), see סִפְסֵף. ↗ original
פַּסְפֵּס ² Chaldaic (Aramaic) (apocop. פַּסֵּף; compare כֶּסֶךְ a. כַּסְכַּס) same. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 2, 5ᵃ (explained מחרכין) מְפַסְפְּסִין לין (edition Krot. מְפַסְּפִין) they trim them (the wicks, by burning). ↗ original
פָּסַק [to separate, part, distribute,] to divide, split, interrupt. Taanith 27ᵇ; Megillah 22ᵃ פּוֹסֵק the reader divides (one verse), i.e. the first reads two verses and a half, leaving the other half to be read by his successor. the same place (ibid.) לא התיר לי לִפְסוֹק וכ׳ he permitted me to cut a verse in two only in teaching the school children. the same place (ibid.) 31ᵇ במשנה תורה פוסק the chapter in Deuteronomy containing the curses (Deuteronomy 28, 15—69) may be divided (to be read by two or more); and frequently—[Bereshith Rabbah section 10 כיון שפסקה; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 16 שפוסקה, see פָּתַק.]—participle passive פָּסוּק; feminine פְּסוּקָה. Chullin 3, 3 פְּסוּקַת הגרגרת, see גַּרְגֶּרֶת. (denominative of פָּסוּק) to recite a verse. Chagigah 15ᵃ, and the following פְּסוֹק לי פְּסוּקְךָ (interch. with Chaldaic (Aramaic) פסוק לי פסוקיך) recite to me thy Bible verse (recently learned). (compare חָתַךְ, גָּזַר) to apportion, assign; to provide; to promise, agree. Kethuboth 65ᵃ אין פּוֹסְקִין יינות לאשה in decreeing alimentation for a woman we do not provide for wine. the same place (ibid.) כך תִּפְסְקוּ לבנותיכם so much (and no more) may ye grant to your daughters. the same place (ibid.) 107ᵃ פוסקין מזונות לאשת איש the court assigns alimentation (from the estate) to a deserted wife. the same place (ibid.) 5, 8 לא פ׳ … אלא וכ׳ only R. Yerushalmi (prefix) decreed barley as a part of alimentation, because he lived near Edom. the same place (ibid.) פוסק לעומתן וכ׳ he must give her etc., see עוּמָּה. the same place (ibid.) 6, 2 הפוסק מעות לחתנו if a man agrees to pay a certain amount to his intended son-in-law (on the date of marriage). the same place (ibid.) 3 פָּסְקָה להכניס … הוא פוסק וכ׳ if she promises to bring to him one thousand Denars, he must assign to her (as settlement in the K’thubah) fifteen Manehs. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 13 (12), 1 אם פָּסְקוּ לה … מה שפסקו פסקו if the court has granted her (alimentation), what they have granted, is granted. the same place (ibid.) פסקה היא לעצמה (not על עצמה) if she herself has promised (to bring her husband a certain sum, and now her father refuses to give it). the same place (ibid.) אבה פ׳ עלי וכ׳ my father has promised for me; what can I do (if he retracts)?; Kethuboth 13, 5. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 4, 65ᶜ top פּוֹסְקֵי צדקה ברבים וכ׳ those who subscribe to a charity in public and refuse to pay; Taanith 8ᵇ; and very frequently to fix a price; to buy on time. Gittin 58ᵃ אפדנו בכל ממון שפוסקין עליו I will redeem him for any price that they may set on him. Bava Metzia 5, 7 אין פוסקין … עד שיצא השער you dare not fix a price on crops (buy on time), until the market price has been published. the same place (ibid.) יצא השער פוסקין ואע"פ שאין לזה יש לזה (missing in Yerushalmi (prefix) edition) when the market price is out, you may buy, for although he (the seller) has no goods as yet, others have. the same place (ibid.) פוסק עמו על הגדיש, see גָּדִישׁ; and very frequently פ׳ דברים [to split words,] to argue. Sanhedrin 44ᵇ פיסקון שפוסק דברים כלפי מעלה Gabriel is surnamed Pisḳon, because he argues with the Lord. (neut. verb) to be cut off; to cease, be stopped. Sotah 9, 9 משרבו … פסקו המים המרים … הפסיקן when the faithless men became frequent, the application of the waters of jealousy ceased, and it was R. J. ben Z. that abolished them. the same place (ibid.) 12 פסקו אנשי אמונה the men of faith ceased to exist. Tanchuma Sh’moth 16 אין אותה מצוה פוֹסֶקֶת מביתו that good deed shall never cease from (being practiced in) his house. Bereshith Rabbah section 52 פסקו העוברים והשבים travellers ceased to pass by; and very frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְסַקto be split, cut in two, broken. Tosefta Bava Kamma 11, 15; Bava Kamma 119ᵇ הנ׳ במגירה chips at planing, see גָּרַר I. Chullin 3, 1 נשברה השדרה ונ׳ החוט שלה if the spinal column is broken and the spinal cord severed. Shabbath 112ᵃ סנדל שנִפְסְקוּ שתי אזניו a sandal, both ears (loops) of which are torn off; Tosefta Kelim Bava Bathra 4, 5 שנִתְפַּסְּקוּ; Kelim 26, 4; and frequently—[Tosefta Mikvaoth 3, 5, and the following ונפסקו, see פָּתַק.] Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְסִיקto separate, sever connection; to form a partition. Sotah 38ᵇ אפי׳ מחיצה … אינה מַפְסֶקֶת בין וכ׳ not even an iron wall forms a partition between Israel and his father in heaven (worshippers form a congregation even if separated by a partition); Pesachim 85ᵇ. Peah. 1, 2 ואלו מַפְסִיקִין לפאה the following things form a division of fields with regard to Peah: a brook etc. Avodah Zarah 52ᵃ את ה׳ הענין the word eth (before ĕlohehem Deuteronomy 12, 2) divides the subject (so as not to allow an analogy between idolatrous utensils and the idols themselves), see next word; and frequently to interrupt; to cause to cease; to leave off; to pause. Berachoth 2, 2 בין ויאמר לאמת ויציב לא יַפְסִיק between the last portion of the Sh’mʿa (Numbers 15, 37-41) and ‘Ĕmeth V’yatsib’ one must not pause (interrupt the prayer to greet a person etc.). the same place (ibid.) 14ᵃ במגילה מהו שיפסיק may one interrupt one’s self during the reading of the M’gillah? [the same place (ibid.) also פּוֹסֵקKal.] the same place (ibid.) 5, 1. Shemoth Rabbah section 2 עם כל הנביאים ה׳ מלדבר … לא ה׳ מימיו with all other prophets the Lord ceased from speaking at times, but with Moses he never ceased. Taanith 30ᵃ סעודה המַפְסִיק בה the meal with which one ceases (the last meal before beginning to fast, called סעודה המַפְסֶקֶת). Yerushalmi (prefix) Niddah 1, 49ᶜ והִפְסִיקָה שלש עונות and ceased (to have menstruation) for three periods. Megillah 3, 6 אין מַפְסִיקִין בקללות וכ׳ in reading the curses (Leviticus 26, 14-44; Deuteronomy 28, 15-69) you must not break off, but one person must read the whole etc. the same place (ibid.) 31ᵇ מקום שמפסיקין בשבת וכ׳ where they leave off reading on Sabbath morning, there they continue in the afternoon etc. Sotah 9, 9, see above. Bereshith Rabbah section 52, beginning מה אני מפסיק צדקה מביתי shall I allow charity to cease in my house (to fall into desuetude from want of opportunity)?; and frequently to cut sprays off, trim, see פָּסַג. to dam. Tosefta Parah V (4), 9 מפסיק ומנגב he makes a dam (cuts off the influx) and lays the cavity dry. Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּיסֵּקto trim. Tosefta Bava Kamma 11, 18, see פָּסַג. to interrupt.—participle passive מְפוּסָּק; plural מְפוּסָּקִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 10, 37ᶜ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 8, beginning 11ᵃ מהו לשתותן מפ׳ how about drinking them (the four cups of the Passover evening) in pauses (sipping)?, see פִּיסָּק. to cut down, ruin; to cut to pieces. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Naḥ., p. 128ᵃ קיצצוהו ופִיסְּקוּהוּ they cut it down and ruined it (the vineyard). Echah Rabbah to 4, 15 והיתה … עליהן ומְפַסַּקְתָּן the carriage passed over them and dismembered them; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Vattom., p. 133ᵇ ומפסקתה (correct accordingly); Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 266 והיתה … עליה ומְפַסַּקְתָּהּ; and elsewhere Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְפַּסֵּק,Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְפַּסֵּקto be severed. Tosefta Kelim Bava Bathra 4, 5, see above.— (supply (understood word) בעינים, compare קרץ, Proverbs 10, 10; 6, 13) to blink. Devarim Rabbah section 5 עשה עצמו מִתְפַּסֵּק he pretended to be blinking (Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 1, 16ᵈ bottom of the page, and elsewhere עבד גרמיה חשש בעייניה). ↗ original
פְּסַקto cut, split, sever. Targum Judges 16, 9. Targum 2 Samuel 10, 4; I Chronicles 19, 4; and frequently—participle passive פָּסִיק, פְּסִיק. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 23, 2 (Hebrew text פצוע דכה); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) פ׳ גידא (Hebrew text. כרות שפכה). Targum Onkelos Leviticus 22, 22 (Hebrew text חרוץ).—Chullin 8ᵇ, see גַּוָּוזָא I. Bava Bathra 21ᵇ קא פַסְקַת וכ׳ thou cuttest off (interferest with), see חַיּוּתָא. Vayikra Rabbah section 32, end פסקת חייוי דהאי גברא thou cuttest off (shortenest) this man’s (my) life (by divulging my spurious descent); and frequently—פסיק רישיה ולא ימות ‘let his head be cut off, but let him not die’, a dialectic term for an unavoidable result of an act. Shabbath 75ᵃ מודה ר"ש בפ׳ ר׳ וכ׳ Rabbenu Shimshon (who ordinarily permits, on the Sabbath, an act which may have as a result a violation of the Sabbath law, if the latter is not intended) admits that such an act is forbidden, if the result is inevitable. to separate, divide. Targum Hosea 2, 8 (edition Lagarde edition Af'el).—Pesachim 111ᵃ פַּסְקִינְהוּ רשות הרבים (Rashb. פְּסַקְתִּינְהוּ) the public road divides them (the two palms); and elsewhere—Megillah 2ᵇ; Bava Kamma 65ᵇ, see below Af'elto be interrupted; to cease. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 44, 12 (Hebrew text כִּלָּה). Targum 2 Esther 3, 7. Targum Deuteronomy 5, 19; and frequently—Vayikra Rabbah section 31; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 19; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 673 (explained לא נעדר, Zephaniah, Book of 3, 5) לא פַסְקִין they never fail. Moed Katan 4ᵃ מיא דלא פּסְקֵי water which never fails. the same place (ibid.) עבידא דפַסְקָא it often fails. the same place (ibid.) 18ᵇ קלא דלא פָסֵיק a continuous rumor; וכמה קלא דלא פ׳ how long must a rumor last to be called a continuous rumor? the same place (ibid.) דלא פ׳ ביני ביני if it has not ceased at intervals. Gittin 69ᵃ כי היכי דפסקי … לִיפְסוֹק וכ׳ as this water ceases to run, so may the blood of—stop flowing. Shabbath 30ᵇ לא פ׳ פומיה, see גִּירְסָא I; and frequently to apportion, assign, bargain, agree, subscribe. Yerushalmi (prefix) Horayoth 3, 48ᵃ bottom of the page הוה חמי … פ׳ והוא פסיק לקיבליה he waited to see how much the whole assembly subscribed, and he subscribed an amount equal to the entire subscription; Vayikra Rabbah section 5 כד הוון פַּסְקִין וכ׳ when all people had subscribed, he etc. the same place (ibid.) פ׳ חד ליטרא וכ׳ subscribed one pound of gold. Kethuboth 65ᵃ פְּסוֹק לי מזוני give me an order for my food; פ׳ לה he did so. the same place (ibid.) 63ᵃ פסקו ליה וכ׳ they made arrangements for him for six years (to remain at college). Vayikra Rabbah section 34 אנן פּסְקִינָן פרנה we shall make up the dowry by subscription (see פְּסַס); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 665; and frequently to decide, adjudge. Targum I Kings 20, 40. Targum Job 38, 10; and elsewhere—Sukkah 29ᵇ, and elsewhere קא פסיק ותני לא שנא וכ׳ the editor of the Mishnah decides and teaches; i.e. speaks absolutely, drawing no distinction whether etc. Gittin 86ᵇ לא פְסִיקָא ליה it was not decided with him, i.e. he could not state it absolutely; and frequently to close; פ׳ סידראto close the reading from the Pentateuch, read the Hafṭarah. Yoma 87ᵃ; and elsewhere, see סִדְרָא. (denominative of פְּסוּקָא) to recite a verse, see the preceding a. פְּסוּקָא. Af'el הִפְעִיל אַפְסֵיקto sever, break, burst. Targum Nahum, Book of 1, 13; and elsewhere to separate, interpose, divide off. Targum Hosea 2, 8; and elsewhere—Megillah 2ᵇ אתא את ואַפְסְקיה וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition ופסק, ופסיק) the eth (וְאֵת, Esther 9, 21) comes to divide the sentence (giving it the meaning) that some celebrate the fourteenth and others the fifteenth of Adar. Bava Kamma 65ᵇ את פַּסְקֵיה קרא with eth (ואת, Leviticus 5, 25) the text separates the clause from the preceding, opposite ערביה combines it; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 479 את אַפְסְקֵיה eth separates it; the same place (ibid.) לאַפְסוּקֵי בין ממון וכ׳ (not לאפסוקיה) to draw the line between sacred property and etc. Sotah 38ᵇ אריכי … לא מַפְסְקֵי tall persons in front of short ones do not form a partition (to intercept the priestly benediction pronounced upon the congregation); תיבה לא מַפְסְקָא nor does the Tebah (see תֵּבָה) between the priests and the people form a partition. Pesachim 111ᵃ אַפְסְקִינְהוּ בעפרא he dammed it (the waste water poured out in the street) with dust (spread dust over it); and frequently—Kethuboth 77ᵇ; 17ᵃ, see below.] to cut off, cause to cease. Targum I Samuel 2, 33; and elsewhere to take the last meal before beginning the fast. Kethuboth 63ᵃ לא מר א׳ ולא מר א׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אִיפְּסִיקIthpeel) neither father nor son partook of the last meal (before the Day of Atonement). Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְפְּסַק, אִיפְּסִיקto be cut, severed, broken off. Targum Judges 16, 9. Targum Isaiah 52, 2; and frequently—Shabbath 112ᵃ איפסיק ליה רצועה (read: אִיפְּסִיקָא) a strap of his shoe broke. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 6, 8ᵃ bottom of the page אי׳ סנדליה וכ׳ R. Aḥa’s sandal fell off (the strap was broken). Chullin 51ᵃ; and frequently to be interposed, to divide off. Kethuboth 17ᵃ א׳ עמודא דנורא וכ׳ a column of fire was interposed between the bier of etc.; וגמירי דלא אפסיק וכ׳ (read: מִפְּסִיק) and there is a tradition that such a phenomenon occurs only for one person in a generation etc.; the same place (ibid.) 77ᵇ אִפְּסִיק, מִפְּסִיק. to take the last meal, see above. ↗ original
פֶּסֶק (the preceding) detached piece, remainder.— plural פְּסָקִים, construct state פִּסְקֵי, פִּי׳. Kilayim 6, 6 פ׳ עריס, see עָרִיס I; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4, 8; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 6, end, 30ᶜ; and elsewhere—2) disjunction, especially peseḳ (Chaldaic (Aramaic) p’siḳ), a disjunctive sign (|) between two words. Shemoth Rabbah section 2 אתה מוצא באברהם אברהם יש בו פ׳ you will find in ‘Abraham Abraham’ (Genesis 22, 11) there is a peseḳ; in ‘Jacob Jacob’ (the same place (ibid.) 46, 2) there is a peseḳ; in ‘Samuel Samuel’ (I Samuel 3, 10) etc.; משה משה אין בו פ׳ but in ‘Moses Moses’ (Exodus 3, 4) there is no peseḳ.— plural as ab. פסקי טעמיםthe division of words into clauses in accordance with the sense, punctuation. Megillah 3ᵃ (referring to Nehemiah 8, 8) ויבינו במקרא אלו פ׳ ט׳ ‘and they taught how to understand the Scripture’, this refers to the division of clauses etc.; Nedarim 37ᵇ פִּיסּוּק.—5. פִּיסָּק. ↗ original
פִּסְקָאcut. Chullin 112ᵃ גריר לבי פִסְקֵיה וכ׳ he may scrape off the place where it was cut, and eat it. Bava Metzia 23ᵇ אית ליה סימנא בפִסְקֵיה Manuscript Florence (edition דאיכא … בפסקא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 5) when he can identify it by his way of chopping.—[Chullin 51ᵃ מחיי אפסקיה, see פַּסְקִית.]—plural פִּסְקֵי, פִּי׳. Eruvin 3ᵃ פ׳ דארזא (compare בְּקַעַת) cedar logs.—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, end, 32ᵈ פיסקי דעמר, see פְּסִיקְיָא.] interruption, broken line; space indicating a new section, paragraph.— plural פִּסְקִין, פִּסְקֵי, פִּי׳. Rosh Hashanah 26ᵇ; Megillah 18ᵃ והוו עיילי פ׳ פ׳ they came to Rabbi’s house in broken lines (Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, beginning 73ᵃ קטעין קטעין), see סֵירוּג.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, 3ᵇ bottom of the page (explained ראשי פרקים) פ׳ the places in the scroll where the portions, into which the Sabbath reading is divided, begin. detached participle—plural as ab. Bava Bathra 68ᵇ פיסקי בגי, see בִּיזְלֵי. decision, decree. the same place (ibid.) 130ᵇ פ׳ דדינא (Manuscript Rome פְּסַק דינא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 40) legal decision, see פִּירְכָא. Kiddushin 70ᵃ, see הַזְמָנָא; and elsewhere; see פִּיתְקָא. an absolute, unqualified opinion or statement. Kethuboth 76ᵇ, and frequently ומאי פ׳ how can you say this without any qualification? last meal before beginning to fast. Yerushalmi (prefix) Challah 1, 57ᶜ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 1, 57ᵇ bottom of the page אַפְּסַק כרובא, see כְּרוּבָּא. donation, collection, see פִּסְקָה.—[פסקא, פי׳ (abbreviated or abbreviation פיס׳) section, a) heading in Talmud Yerushalmi (prefix), subordinate to מתני׳.—b) headings of sections in P’siḳta.] ↗ original
פִּסְקָה (פָּסַק) subscription, collection. Devarim Rabbah section 4 עשה שם ר"ל פ׳ וכ׳ (some edition פסקא) Resh Laḳish arranged there a subscription, and he (Abin) gave as much as the entire assembly. division, especially hemistich, half-verse. Bamidbar Rabbah section 13 (referring to Psalms 19, 8-10) [read:] שלשה פסוקים … והן מן שתים שתים פִּסְקוֹת וכל פ׳ ופ׳ מן וכ׳ three verses … each consisting of two hemistichs, and each hemistich containing five words.—plural פִּסְקוֹת. the same place (ibid.) ↗ original
פִּסְקָיוֹת (פָּסַק) divisions, parties. Vayikra Rabbah section 33 כשהייתם … נעשים פ׳ פ׳ לע"ז (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פִּסְקָאוֹת) when you lived in your own land, you formed parties for the various idols (with play on ותפשקי, Ezekiel 16, 25); Yalkut Shimoni Daniel 1061. ↗ original
פַּסְקִית adverb (פְּסַק) in the wag of chopping, across. Chullin 51ᵃ אי מחייה פ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (Munich manuscript אַפַּסְקִית; edition מחיי אפסקיה, correct accordingly) if he struck her with the stick across her back. ↗ original
פַּסְקַתPasḳath (Failing; transl. of Biblical Hebrew כְּוִיב, see כָּזַב). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 38, 5 והוה בפ׳ (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 והוה דפסקא, correct accordingly); Bereshith Rabbah section 85 כזיב פ׳ (שם מקום) (some edition פסקה) Kezib is P. (name of a place); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 144.—Cmp. פְּסָאקָא. ↗ original
פָּעוֹטוֹת (פעט = פוט, see פִּיּוּט) [talkers,] children of six or seven years of age. Gittin 5, 7 (59ᵃ) הפ׳ מקחן וכ׳ the purchases or sales of movables by minors are valid; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) V (3) 3 (variant reading פָּאוֹטוֹת); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, 47ᶜ top, see שִׁיטָּה 3; Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 7, 24ᶜ bottom of the page פַּיּיוֹטוֹת. ↗ original
פְּעוּלָּהwork; hire; wages; working stock (cattle, tools etc.). Mechilta Beshallach, Shir., section 10 כיון שבא … כביכול פ׳ לפניו when the Lord came to erect the Temple, it was, as it were, work to him (by referring to Exodus 15, 17). Bamidbar Rabbah section 4 (play on פעלתי, I Chronicles 26, 5) על שפעל פ׳ גדולה בתורה because he did a work which the Law considers great; מה פ׳ גדולה פעל what was the great work he did?—Shemoth Rabbah section 41; Tanchuma Ki Thissa 14 נותן הזרע והפ׳ he (the tenant) furnishes the seed and the labor (working stock). Tosefta Kiddushin 3, 2 בפ׳ שאעשה עימיך in consideration of the work that I shall do for thee. the same place (ibid.) על מנת שאעשה עימיך בפ׳ with the condition that I shall work for thee for wages. Midrash Tehillim to 11, 3 צדיק העולם מה פ׳ הניחו לך בעולמך what work, O Righteous One of the world, have they (the wicked) left for thee in thy world? the same place (ibid.) מה פ׳ פעלת לפועלי מצות where is the reward thou hast wrought for the workers of good deeds? Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 44 ראשונים … פעלת פ׳ גדולה in olden times, in the days of Abraham, thou didst a great work (miracle); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 746. Treatise Derekh Erets Zuṭṭa, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 2, see פּוֹעַל I. Bava Metzia 9, 12, and elsewhere יש בו משום לא תלין פְּעוּלַּת וכ׳ the law forbidding the withholding of wages over night (Leviticus 19, 13) applies to it. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 104, 23 יצאו ישראל לקבל פְּעוּלָּתָן Israel shall go forth to receive their reward; and frequently—plural פְּעוּלּוֹת. Bereshith Rabbah section 44 (referring to Proverbs 11, 18) זה נמרוד שהיו פְּעוּלּוֹתָיו על שקר this refers to Nimrod, whose works were in vain. Vayikra Rabbah section 27 כל פ׳ טובות ונחמות וכ׳ all the good rewards and comforts which the Lord will bestow upon Israel etc., see פְּעִיָּיה; Tanchuma Emor 11; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 314; and frequently ↗ original
פְּעוּלְתָּא , especially hired man’s work. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, 64ᵇ and the following הוינא בפְעוּלְתִּי מה הוינא מסיע דעתי מן פעולתי (not פעלוחי) I was engaged in my work (as a hired man); what right had I to divert my mind from my work? ↗ original
פְּעוֹרPeor, Baal Peor, a Moabite deity. Sanhedrin 7, 6. Avodah Zarah 51ᵇ; and frequently; see פָּעַר, a. פְּעַר. ↗ original
פעי (Biblical Hebrew) to open the mouth; to blow; to cry. Sotah 11ᵇ (referring to פועה, Exodus 1, 15) שהיתה פּוֹעָה ומוציאה את הוולד (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פ׳ לוולד) she blew (a charm into the mother’s ear) and brought the child forth; Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 1 שהיתה פועה באשה וכ׳; the same place (ibid.) שהיתה פועה ובוכה על וכ׳ she cried out and wept for her brother etc. the same place (ibid.) שפָּעַת בפני פרעה וכ׳ she cried out before Pharaoh, saying etc. Sotah the passage cited שהיתה פועה ברוח וכ׳ she cried in holy inspiration and said, my mother is destined to bear a son who will save Israel. Vayikra Rabbah section 27; Tanchuma Emor 11, see פְּעִיָּיה. Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 22 פָּעֲתָה כעגלה she lowed like a heifer; and frequently Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְעֶהsame, especially to bleat. Bereshith Rabbah section 22; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 38 הוא מַפְעֶה אחריך it (the stolen lamb) is bleating behind thee. ↗ original
פְּעֵי , to cry, bleat, low. Targum 2 Esther 1, 2 (3) אימרין פַּעְיִין the lambs bleated.—Chullin 43ᵃ וושט אכלא ביה ופָעְיָא ביה the œsophagus which is affected when the animal eats and also when it lows (or breathes, Rashi). Bechoroth 35ᵃ פָּעֵי ומיחזי if the animal has a defect in its mouth which is seen, when it opens its mouth; and elsewhere—Esp. to be noisy, protest. Chullin 133ᵇ סתם כותי מִפְעָא פָעֵי the gentile partner usually makes himself heard (when the Jewish partner is selling). Arachin 6ᵇ עכו"ם הוא דפעי the gentile will protest (when the object which he dedicated is diverted from its use). Eruvin 75ᵇ אי איתא דאוגר מיפעא פעי if he had rented it out, he would have talked of it; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּעִיָּה (the preceding) cry, exclamation, proclamation. Tanchuma Emor 11 (play on מאפע, Isaiah 41, 24) כל הפעולות … בשכר פ׳ אחת שפּעו ישראל בסיני all the good rewards etc. (see פְּעוּלָּה), will be bestowed for the sake of the one exclamation which Israel raised at Sinai (Exodus 24, 7); Vayikra Rabbah section 27 בשביל פּוּעָה שפעיתם וכ׳ for the sake of the cry which you uttered etc.; and elsewhere—plural פְּעִיּוֹת. the same place (ibid.); Tanchuma the passage cited מאה פ׳ שהאשה פועה וכ׳ the one hundred cries which the travailing woman utters; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 314. ↗ original
פְּעִירָה (פָּעַר) uncovering, committing a nuisance. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, 42ᵈ bottom of the page Baal Peor שאין עבודתו אלא בפ׳ whose worship consists in uncovering one’s self. ↗ original
פַּעַיְתָא (פְּעֵי) noisy, quarrelsome woman. Sukkah 31ᵃ ↗ original
פָּעַל 1 (Biblical Hebrew) [to split, compare פלח,] to work. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 2, end, 8ᵈ; Tanchuma Emor 7; Vayikra Rabbah section 27 (referring to Numbers 23, 23) כל מי שפ׳ עם לא וכ׳ let whosoever worked with God come and take his reward. Vayikra Rabbah section 4 כל מה שיִפְעַל אדם עם נפשו וכ׳ however much man may do for his soul, he has not done his full duty. Bereshith Rabbah section 15 (referring to Psalms 74, 12) ראו פועלא טבא שהתקין … עמדתי לִפְעוֹל see the good employer, for the Lord has prepared my wages (the garden of Eden), before yet I arose to work; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 20. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 92 בששת … פָּעַלְתִּי את העולם ובשבת נחתי in the six working days I worked and made the world, and on the Sabbath I rested; and frequently—Esp. to deal. Echah Rabbah to 3, 33 [read:] בשני מקומות פָּעֲלוּ ישראל עם הקב"ה באחד פעלו בפיהם ולא בלבם ובאחד פעלו בלבם ולא בפיהם in two places Israelites dealt with God, in one they dealt with their mouth (professed faith), but not with their heart, and in the other, they dealt with their heart (were loyal at heart), but not with their mouth; בסיני פעלו בפיהם וכ׳ at Sinai they dealt with their mouth but not with their heart (referring to Psalms 78, 36); בבבל פעלו בלבם וכ׳ in Babylonia they dealt with their heart, but not with their mouth (referring to Lamentations the passage cited); Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 8. ↗ original
פָּעַם (Biblical Hebrew) to beat, knock. Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּיעֵםto beat, perturb. Bereshith Rabbah section 18 (play on הפעם, Genesis 2, 23) זו היא שהיתה מְפַעַמְתֵּנִי וכ׳ this is she who perturbed me the whole night; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 24 (correct accordingly). Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְעַם,Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְפָּעַםto be perturbed, troubled. Bereshith Rabbah section 89; Tanchuma Miḳḳ. 2 (distinction between וַתִּפָּעֶם (Genesis 41, 8) and וַתִּתְפָּעֶם (Daniel 2, 1); Yalkut Shimoni Daniel 1060; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 147. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 77 מִתְפָּעֶמֶת אני והולכת I am constantly perturbed (sleepless); and elsewhere ↗ original
פַּעַם common gender (Biblical Hebrew; the preceding) beat, step.— plural פַּעֲמוֹת, פְּעָמִים. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 16, 15ᶜ כיון שהרגיש בקול פַּעֲמוֹתָיו וכ׳ when he perceived the sound of R. Yishmael’s foosteps. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 2 אינו מדבר אלא בפַעֲמֵי רגלים the verse speaks of the steps of the festive pilgrimages; the same place (ibid.) ומה היה יפיין לפְעָמַיִךְ וכ׳ and what was the beauty of ‘thy footsteps?’ That they locked the door for all troubles (no troubles arose in the homes of the pilgrims during their absence). Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Naḥmasculine) ולא היו עולין לפעמי רגלים they have not gone up on festive pilgrimages; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 302; and elsewhere time. Shabbath 12ᵇ פ׳ אחת קרא וכ׳ once it happened that he read etc. Pesachim 10, 4 (116ᵃ) שבכל הלילות אין אנו מטבילין אלא פ׳ אחת וכ׳ Munich manuscript (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) all other nights we dip (eatables) only once, and this night twice. Bereshith Rabbah section 18 וחזר ובראה לו פ׳ שניה and he created her a second time; הדא היא דכתיב זאת הפ׳ זאת היא של אותו הפ׳ therefore it is written (Genesis 2, 23) ‘this the time’, this is (the creation) of this time; and very frequently—plural פְּעָמִים. Pesachim the passage cited Yoma 1, 6 פ׳ הרבה וכ׳ many a time I read to him from Daniel; and frequently—פ׳ ש־ at times, sometimes. Menachoth 99ᵃ and the following, see בִּיטּוּל. Vayikra Rabbah section 35, end פ׳ שעושה בזכות וכ׳ sometimes he makes (rain) for the sake of one man etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 3, 66ᶜ top of the page Shir HaShirim Rabbah the passage cited פעמים הללו פ׳ מכוסין פ׳ מגולין those steps (of the travellers) are at times covered, at times uncovered; and frequently—Dual פַּעֲמַיִם twice. Sotah 42ᵃ פ׳ מדבר עמם וכ׳ he addresses them twice, once etc. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 16 ואני … בכל יום פ׳ וכ׳ and I declare the unity of his name twice every day (saying), Hear, O Israel, etc.; and frequently ↗ original
פְּעַע (compare נְפַע) to crush. Targum Judges 5, 26 פָּעַת edition Lagarde edition (edition פצעת). ↗ original
פַּעְפּוּעָא 1 (פַּעְפֵּעַ 1) breaking, beating.—plural construct state פַּעְפּוּעֵי. Shabbath 109ᵃ פ׳ ביעי וכ׳ (some edition פיעפועי) to make ‘hashed eggs’ (of roasted eggs) is forbidden (on the Sabbath). ↗ original
פַּעְפּוּעָא 2 (פַּעְפֵּעַ 2) cover, darkness. Targum Job 11, 17 (manuscript פִּיעְפּוּעָא; Hebrew text תעפה). ↗ original
פַּעְפּוּעִין name of an herb, probably (καρδαμίνη) a kind of cress. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 8, 21ᵃ top (explained by קָקיּלִין, which see); Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 3, 20ᵈ top; Babylonian Eruvin 28ᵃ ↗ original
פִּעְפֵּעַ (see פְּעַע) to crush, crumble. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 1, 38ᶜ bottom of the page אנו פִּעְפַּעְנוּ את הכתלים we (through our sins) have smashed the walls (with referring to Psalms 137, 7); Midrash Tehillim to Psalms the passage cited Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 9ᵈ and the following המְפַעְפֵּעַ גושים he that crushes clods. to spread; to pierce, penetrate. Yerushalmi (prefix) Orlah 1, 61ᵃ השרשים מְפַעְפְּעִין אותו the roots pierce it (the pot). Bava Bathra 10ᵃ ברזל קשה אור מְפַעְפְּעוֹ iron is hard, fire penetrates it; Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 26 והאש מְפַעְפַּעְתּוֹ. Chullin 105ᵃ החמין מפעפעין את הידים וכ׳ hot water enters into the skin of the hands, but does not wash away the fatty substance. Echah Rabbah to 4, 9 היה אותו הריח מפעפע בהם וכ׳ the flavor permeated them (creating a morbid appetite), and they died. Vayikra Rabbah section 16, see עֶכֶן. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 28ᵈ top והיה ריחו מפעפע and the flavor of wine spread. Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 77ᵇ bottom of the page; Ruth Rabbah to 3, 13; Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 8, see כֶּרֶס; and elsewhere ↗ original
פַּעְפֵּעַ 2 (transpos. of עפעף, see עֲפַף; compare גִּעְגֵּעַ) to bend, cover, darken. participle passive מְפעְפַּע; feminine מְפַעְפְּעָא. Targum Job 10, 22 (Hebrew text תפע).—5. פַּעְפּוּעָא 2. ↗ original
פָּעַר (Biblical Hebrew) to open wide. Pesikta Rabbati section 4, end פָּעֲרָה החרובית עצמה וכ׳ a carob tree opened itself and swallowed him. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 119, 131 פָּעַרְתִּי פי לתורתך I open my mouth for thy Law; כשם שפּוֹעֲרִים … למלקוש as people open their mouth for the late rain (to inhale it); and elsewhere to uncover (one’s self), especially to commit a nuisance before the idol Peor. Sanhedrin 7, 6 הפּוֹעֵר עצמו לבעל פעור וכ׳ he who uncovers himself before Baal Peor (is guilty, for) this is the mode of worshipping him. Yalkut Shimoni Hosea 526 כלום … אלא שתִּפְעוֹר עצמך לו they ask of thee only that thou uncover thyself before him. Sanhedrin 64ᵃ פ׳ בפניו he eased himself before him; and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּיעֵרsame. Sifré Numbers 131 המְפַעֵר עצמו לבעל פעור, see above. Avodah Zarah 44ᵇ שמְפַעֲרִין לפניו וכ׳ before whom they commit a nuisance every day. ↗ original
פְּעַר , to uncover. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Numbers 25, 1. Pa'el פִּעֵל פַּעֵרsame. Avodah Zarah 51ᵇ השתא פַּעוּרֵי מְפַעֲרִין קמיה וכ׳ since they commit nuisances before him (Peor) as a mode of worship, should not offering salt and water be considered as worship? ↗ original
פַּפָּא (tradit. pronunc. פָּפָּא) proper noun of a male person Pappa (Papa), name of several Amoraim. Sanhedrin 49ᵇ, and frequently רב פ׳ סבא the elder R. Papa. Taanith 6ᵇ; Berachoth 59ᵃ. Bava Bathra 90ᵇ, see דּוֹן; and frequently ↗ original
פַּפָּא 2N’har Pappa, name of a canal and of a place in Babylonia. Bava Metzia 86ᵃ Yoma 77ᵇ (Oxford manuscript פקוד; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. manuscript Alfasi פרת, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 8).—Denom. feminine plural (נְהַר) פַּפְיָתָא belonging to N. P. Eruvin 82ᵇ תרתי ריפתא נ׳ פ׳ (Munich manuscript פַּפְיָאתָא; edition Soncino ריפתאה פפיתאה, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) two loaves of the size baked in N. P. ↗ original
פַּפּוּלְסְמוֹן masculine = אָפּוֹבַּלְסְמוֹן. Bereshith Rabbah section 34. Bereshith Rabbah section 33 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition פלסמ׳). the same place (ibid.) section 39, beginning Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אפופ׳). ↗ original
פָּפוּנָא (denominative of next word) of Paphunia. Bava Kamma 115ᵃ זבניה לפ׳ he sold it to a Paphunian.—plural פָּפוּנָאֵי. the same place (ibid.) 54ᵇ פ׳ ידעי טעמא וכ׳ the Paphunians know a reason for that (alluding to R. Aḥa b. Jacob of Paphunia); Kiddushin 35ᵃ. Chullin 139ᵇ; and elsewhere—Bava Metzia 68ᵃ טרשי פ׳ sales customary at Paphunia, see טַרְשָׁא. ↗ original
פָּפוּנְיָאPaphunia (supposed to be Epiphania on the Euphrates; see Neubauer Geographie du Talmud, Paris 1868, p. 360; see, however, פַּפָּא 2). Bava Bathra 16ᵃ; Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 77; Yalkut Shimoni Job 893. Pesachim 42ᵃ. Niddah 67ᵇ ↗ original
פַּפּוּס (Πάππος) Pappus, P. b. Judah, the alleged husband of the mother of Jesus of Nazareth. Shabbath 104ᵇ (missing in editions under censorial supervision). Tosefta Sotah 5, 9 כגון פ׳ בן י׳ שהיה נועל וכ׳ (not שנועל) like P. b. J. who locked the door before his wife (refused to live with her on account of a suspicion); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 17ᵃ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 4, 66ᵃ והודה בן פ׳; Gittin 90ᵃ פ׳ בן י׳; Bamidbar Rabbah section 9 י׳ בן פ׳. Pappus (ben Judah), mentioned in connection with לוּלְיָינוֹס, which see Sifra Bechukkothai, Parah 2, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 5; Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, 66ᵃ top פיפוס (correct accordingly); and frequently Pappus, father of R. Judah, a contemporary of R. Joshua. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 5, 15ᵃ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, end, 5ᵈ.—[Bereshith Rabbah section 21 ר׳ פ׳; Eduy. 7, 5 פפוס Munich manuscript, see פַּפְּיָיס.] ↗ original
פפוסיאa certain ingredient put in colors (?). Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 5. [The entire passage shows evidences of corruption.] ↗ original
*פפי , Pi'elפִּפָּה (compare פִּיף) to mouth, talk in a proud manner. Treatise Derekh Erets Chaldaic (Aramaic) 2 המנמין והמְפַפִּין בידיהם those who speak and mouth (gesticulating) with their hands. ↗ original
פַּפִּיPappi, name of an Amora, son-in-law of R. Yitsḥaḳ Napp’ḥa. Chullin 110ᵃ; and frequently an otherwise unknown person. Bava Bathra 48ᵇ Rashi a. manuscripts (edition פאפי, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 60). a fictitious name in an incantation formula. Gittin 69ᵃ.—5. פָּאפִי↗ original
פַּפְּיָיס (Παπίας) Papias, name of a Tannai. Eduy. 7, 5, and the following (Munich manuscript פפוס, correct accordingly); Rosh Hashanah 6ᵃ (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 8); Temurah 3, 1. Shekalim 4, 7 (early editions פפוס; Oxford manuscript פפיאס, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage), p. 32, note 90). Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 34; Bereshith Rabbah section 21 פפוס (correct accordingly); Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 9 פפיס. Mechilta Yithro, ʿĂmal., section 1 פפיס. ↗ original
פַּפְיָיר (compare πάπυρος) papyrus, linen made of papyrus. Bereshith Rabbah section 37, end כלי פ׳ garments made of papyrus; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 62; Yalkut Shimoni Chronicles 1073. ↗ original
פָּפִילְיוֹן (papilio) pavilion, tent, curtain. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Vayhi, p. 2ᵃ עשו לה פ׳ … בתוך פ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition פָּאפִילְיוֹן) make a tent for her (my daughter), and I shall speak to her in the tent; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 9 פָּפִלְיוֹן; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 365 אפוליון (correct accordingly; Yalkut Shimoni Song of Songs 986 קִיטוֹן). Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 735 נטל פיפילון ופירש עליו (correct accordingly) he took a curtain and spread it over him (David’s body); Ruth Rabbah section 3, beginning פיפקין (correct accordingly). Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 650 (referring to Psalms 10, 11, a. Job 22, 14) הדיין הזה משהן נותנין פסליון לפניו וכ׳ (read: מותחין פפ׳) when they spread the curtain before him, the judge no longer sees what is going on; Midrash Tehillim edition Buber edition to Psalms the passage cited נותנין פליטין (correct accordingly; Bereshith Rabbah section 36, beginning מותחין כילה; Vayikra Rabbah section 5, beginning הוילון).—plural פָּפִילְיוֹנוֹת (feminine), פָּפִילְיוֹנִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 6, 23ᶜ bottom of the page פ׳ מגיעות עד הקורות curtains reaching to the ceiling. Ylamdenu to Numbers 11, 16 quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אנו עושין לך פ׳ וכ׳ we will make thee curtains, and none shall see thee. ↗ original
פַּץ (פצץ, to split) board.—plural פַּצִּים, פַּצִּין. Maasroth 1, 7 מבין הפ׳ Mishnah a. Yerushalmi (prefix) edition (Babylonian edition הפַּסִּים; Munich manuscript הפצ׳) oil from between boards of the press. Menachoth 33ᵇ הניחה בפצין (Rashi בפצים) if he placed the inscription in the boards of the door frame; see פַּצִּים. ↗ original
פַּצָּא , board; (compare דַּף) column or page (of writing).—plural פַּצִּין. Targum Jeremiah 36, 23 (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Levita פַּצִּים Hebrew plural; Levita emends פצימין; Hebrew text דלתות). ↗ original
פְּצַח (= Biblical Hebrew (= Biblical Hebrew פָּצַח) to burst, open, see פְּצִיחַ. (compare פָּצַעHif'il; see Syriac (Peshitta) פצח Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 3208) [to spread,] to sparkle, be bright, see פַּצִּיחַ. Pa'el פִּעֵל פַּצֵּחַ (with עינא) to brighten the eye-sight. Avodah Zarah 28ᵇ פַּצּוּחֵי עינא to apply a paint (on the Sabbath) for the sake of brightening the eye-sight. ↗ original
פַּצְחָא (the preceding) open, unwalled place.—plural פַּצְחִין, פַּצְחַיָּא. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 25, 31 (some edition פִּצְ׳). [Targum Psalms 89, 41 manuscript, see פְּצִיחַ.] ↗ original
פְּצָחָה (פצח) breaking forth, joy. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Ronni, p. 141ᵇ (one of ten expressions for joy); Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 338. ↗ original
פְּצֵי [to split] to open (the mouth). Targum Job 35, 6 (manuscript פָּאצֵי). (compare פָּדָה a. פָּדַע) to rescue, save. the same place (ibid.) 36, 16 פְּצָאִינָךְ (Hebrew text הסיתך). Targum Psalms 22, 9; and frequently (compare פָּצַע) to branch off. Avodah Zarah 17ᵃ חד פָּצֵי לע"ז וכ׳ Munich manuscript (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) one road branched off towards an idolatrous temple, and another to a house of prostitution.— to pass between. Pesachim 111ᵃ ואי פ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (Oxford manuscript 2 פַּצְיָא; Oxford manuscript 2 אִיפְּסַע edition ממצעין) and if one (she) passes. Pa'el פִּעֵל פַּצֵּי,Af'el הִפְעִיל אַפְצֵיto deliver, save. Targum Psalms 70, 2. Targum Proverbs 14, 25 (edition Vilna edition Af'el).—Bava Bathra 45ᵃ דינא הוא דמְפַצֵּי ליה מיניה (or דמַפְצֵי) the law is that he (who sold the ass) must rescue it from him (the gentile that took it by force; i.e. must restore the ass to the buyer or indemnify him). Kethuboth 91ᵇ לא מְפַצִּינָא לך (or מַפְצִינָא) I shall not be bound to restore it to thee. the same place (ibid.) 92ᵃ; and elsewhere Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְפְּצֵיto be delivered. Targum Proverbs 2, 12; 16. ↗ original
פַּצִּיד (פצץ, פצי, with format. ד; see the preceding) cut, trench, rivulet. Targum Isaiah 30, 14.—plural פַּצִּידִין, פַּצִּידַיָּא, פְּצִי׳. Targum 2 Kings 3, 16. Targum Job 14, 11 manuscript (edition פַּרְצִיד׳, פַּרְצִד׳). [that which is cut out; compare בְּקַעַת,] lump of ore.—plural as ab. the same place (ibid.) 40, 18. (compare אָפִיק, פָּרִיץ) strong, violent man.—plural as ab. the same place (ibid.) 41, 7.—5. פַּרְצִידָא↗ original
פְּצִיחַ 1 (פְּצַח) open, an unwalled place, see פַּצְחָא.—plural פְּצִיחִין, פְּצִיחַיָּא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 13, 19 כרכין פ׳ (edition Vienna edition פְּצִיחֵי; Hebrew text מחנים). Targum Esther 9, 19. the same place (ibid.) 27 (edition Vienna edition פַּצִּיחַ׳). Targum Joshua 13, 23; 28 (edition Lagarde edition a. other פּצְחֵיהֶן; Hebrew text חצר־). Targum Psalms 89, 41 פְּצִיחוֹי (edition Vilna edition פַּצִיחוֹי, manuscript פַּצְחוֹי; Hebrew text מבצר־!); and frequently bright; checkered, see פַּצִּיחַ. ↗ original
פְּצִיחַ 2P’tsiaḥ (Open Town). Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 2, 23 edition Lsb. (other edition רפיח, דפיח, see Berlin edition Targum Onkelos 2, p. 50; Hebrew text חצרים). ↗ original
פַּצִּיחַ (פְּצַח) bright, sparkling. Targum Isaiah 18, 4 (edition Vilna edition פָּצוֹחַ). checkered.— plural פַּצִּיחִין. Targum Onkelos Genesis 31, 10; 12 edition Berlin edition (edition Amsterdam edition פְּ׳). Targum Zechariah 6, 3; 6. open place, see פְּצִיחַ I. ↗ original
פַּצִּיחָאֵי (the preceding) inhabitants of unwalled places. Targum Esther 9, 19. ↗ original
פַּצִּים (פצם) board. Shabbath 8, 7 כדי ליתן בין פ׳ לחבירו as much as is required between one board and another (when they are piled up).—[Maasroth 1, 7 הפצים, see פַּץ.]—Esp. the board nailed against the wall to form a door-frame, door-post. Menachoth 34ᵃ בית שאין לו אלא פ׳ אחד a room which has only one door-post (the corner wall serving for the other post). the same place (ibid.) 33ᵇ הניחה בפצים Rashi, see פַּץ.—plural פַּצִּימִין. the same place (ibid.) לפי שאין לה פ׳ because it (the exedra) has no door-frame. the same place (ibid.) עדי פצימו edition (Munich manuscript פצימין, read: פַּצִּימָיו), see עָדֵי I. Eruvin 93ᵃ פַּצִּימֶיהָ, see שָׁוָה. Bava Bathra 12ᵃ פרץ את פַּצִימָיו if he broke open its door-frame (opened again a walled up entrance). Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, 43ᵇ מפרק את פצימיו he takes out its door-posts; and elsewhere ↗ original
פַּצִּים ² [Targum Jeremiah 36, 23 פצים some edition, see פַּצָּא.]—plural פַּצִּימִין, פַּצִּימַיָּא, פַּצִּימֵי. Menachoth 33ᵇ דאית להי פ׳ ולית להו מזוזתא that have door-posts, and yet have no inscriptions; and elsewhere—Transferred column, page (of writing). plural as ab. Targum 2 Esther 6, 1. Targum Jeremiah the passage cited, see פַּצָּא↗ original
פְּצִיעָה (פָּצַע) splitting, cracking. Shabbath 75ᵃ פ׳ בכלל דישה opening the purple snail (squeezing the fluid out) is an act coming under the category of threshing. an open wound.—plural פְּצִיעוֹת. Sanhedrin 37ᵇ; Tanchuma Bereshith 9, and elsewhere פ׳ פ׳ several wounds, contradistinguished to חבורות. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, end, 32ᵈ היו בראשו פ׳ (not בראשי פצעיות) if one has several wounds on his head. ↗ original
פָּצַלto split, peel. Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּיצֵּלto split, divide, branch off; to peel, lay bare. Bechoroth 6, 5, see below.—participle passive מְפוּצָּל; feminine מְפוּצֶּלֶת; plural מְפוּצָּלִים, מְפוּצָּלִין; מְפוּצָּלוֹת. Menachoth 11, 6 (96ᵃ) מפ׳ מראשיהן (Mishnah edition מוּפְצָלִין) forked at the top; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 11, 7; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 369. Chullin 59ᵇ מפ׳ (קרנים) forked horns (antlers). Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 685, see below. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְצִילto split, divide. Bechoroth 6, 5 (39ᵇ) היה … מַפְצִיל עצם Mishnah (Babylonian edition מְפַצֵּל) if the top end (root) of the tail divides the bone (i.e. if the backbone is branched at the place where the tail begins; Rashi מפציל את העצם peels the backbone, i.e. if the end of the backbone is bare of skin and flesh). to form branches, branch off. Yoma 29ᵃ מה אילה זו קרניה מַפְצִילוֹת לכאן ולכאן אף שחר זה מפציע וכ׳ as the antlers of the hind branch off this way and that way, so the light of dawn spreads etc.; (Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 685 … מפוצלות … מְפַצֵּל וכ׳). Yoma the passage cited כל זמן שמגדלת קרניה מפצילות as long as it grows, its antlers form additional branches every year; Yalkut Shimoni the passage cited to form streaks, to wrinkle. Niddah 47ᵃ (explained משיכסיף) משיפְצִיל ראש החוטם (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) משיִפָּצֵל) when the skin of the central circle of the oblate part of the breast appears wrinkled. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְצָלto be peeled, streaked, see above. ↗ original
פְּצַל , to peel, skim. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 5, 63ᵃ, see כָּא. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִיפַּצֵּל,Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִיפְּצִילto be split, branch off. Yoma 71ᵇ, and elsewhere עמרא אִיפַּצּוּלֵי מִיפַּצְּלָא wool (on the sheep) splits off (does not grow like stalks); כיתנא נמי איפצולי מִפְּצִיל but flax also splits!; see כִּיתַּן. Chullin 59ᵇ היכא דמִיפַּצְּלָא לא דין וכ׳ when the horn is branched, there is no question (that the animal belongs to the beasts of chase, חַיָּה).—Eruvin 29ᵇ, see בְּצַל. ↗ original
פְּצַם , a. the preceding) to split, break. Pa'el פִּעֵל פַּצֵּיםto break open, frame an aperture. Targum Jeremiah 22, 14 (Hebrew text קרע).—5. פַּצִּים. ↗ original
פָּצַע compare the preceding) to split, crack or squeeze open; to wound. Bava Kamma 93ᵃ הכני פְּצָעֵנִי על מנת לפטור פטור (if one said to one’s neighbor) strike me, wound me, with the condition that thou be free (from indemnity): he is free. the same place (ibid.) הכני פצעני על מנת לפטור וכ׳ (if he said) ‘strike me, wound me’, (and he is aked,) with the condition that I shall be free?, and he answers, yes. Shabbath 7, 2 הפּוֹצֵעַ שני חוטין he who divides off two threads (on the loom). Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 8 (9), 21 כדי לִפְצוֹעַ וכ׳ large enough to divide with it two threads (on each side) at a time. Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 38 פְּצַעְתִּיו, see פֶּצַע. Shabbath 75ᵃ הצד חלזון והפּוֹצְעוֹ he who catches a snail and breaks it open (squeezes it out); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 8 (9), 2 לפצעו (correct accordingly). Shabbath the passage cited שפְּצָעוֹ מת when he squeezed it out after it was dead. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 17, beginning 16ᵃ לִפְצוֹעַ בו אגוזים to open nuts with it. Tosefta Kelim Bava Kamma 1, 6 פּוֹצְעִין את מוחו וכ׳ (not פצעין), see גֶּזֶר; and frequently—participle passive פָּצוּעַ; plural פְּצוּעִים, פְּצוּעִין. Teb. Yom 3, 6 זיתים פ׳ burst olives. Terumoth 10, 7 פְּצוּעֵי תרומה burst olives set aside for priests’ gifts; and elsewhere—Esp. פְּצוּעַ דַּכָּא (פְּ׳ דַּכָּה) one whose testicles are crushed (forbidden to marry, Deuteronomy 23, 2). Yevamoth 8, 1. the same place (ibid.) 2 איזה פ׳ ד׳ כל שנִפְצְעוּ וכ׳ what is meant by p’tsuʿa dakka? One whose testicles, one or both, are crushed. the same place (ibid.) 75ᵇ פ׳ ד׳ בידי שמים כשר one whose testicles are crushed from a natural cause (not through human action) is permitted to marry. the same place (ibid.) (referring to Deuteronomy the passage cited) היינו דקרינן פְּצוּעַ ולא קרינן פְּצִיעַ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) it is therefore (to indicate human action) that the text has p’tsuʿa, (one that has been mashed) and not p’tsiʿa (one who is mashed); [edition פצוע … הַפָּצוּעַ …, see Rashi]. the same place (ibid.) פ׳ בכולן the expression ‘mashed’ refers to all parts of the genitals.— to divide the ends of a web, fringe. Menachoth 40ᵇ כיון שפָּצְעוּ בה שלשה (Munich manuscript שצבעו, manuscripts R. a. K. שבצעו, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) as soon as they had fringed three fingers’ lengths of it. Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּיצֵּעַsame. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 1, end, 49ᵇ זית שפִּיצְּעוּ וכ׳ olives which they opened with unclean hands; Tosefta Tohoroth 10, 11 שפצעו; Shabbath 145ᵃ המְפַצֵּעַ בזתיס וכ׳; and elsewhere; see below HifNif'al נִפְעַל נִפְצַע,Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְפַּצֵּעַto be split, squeezed open, crushed; to be wounded. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, 63ᵈ top נ׳ בנו his son was wounded (or had a fracture). Yevamoth the passage cited; and elsewhere—Bamidbar Rabbah section 10 (referring to Proverbs 23, 29) זו הזונה … נִפְצַעַת וכ׳ that is the adulteress who is wounded with wounds of love, ‘for naught’, without any wound through her husband. Orlah 3, 8 נִתְפַּצְּעוּ האגוזים if the nuts (in the mixture) were cracked; Tosefta Terumoth 5, 10. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְצִיעַto split. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 6, beginning 49ᶜ מַפְצִיעַ עצים splitting wood. Sanhedrin 9, 6 מַפְצִיעִין את מוחו וכ׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 10, 28ᵈ bottom of the page ומְפַצְּעִין וכ׳, see גֶּזֶר; and elsewhere to branch off, spread, scatter. Yoma 28ᵇ תימור של חמה מַפְצִיעַ לכאן ולכאן the light-column of the dawn irradiates in all directions, opposite to מתמר ועולה כמקל, see תָּמַר. the same place (ibid.) 38ᵃ של הללו מפציע וכ׳ the smoke column of the frankincense prepared by them branched off in all directions. the same place (ibid.) 29ᵃ, see פָּצַל; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּצַע Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 22, 3 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition קטע; Hebrew text בקע). Targum Judges 5, 26, see פְּעַע.—Bereshith Rabbah section 93 (referring to בי, Genesis 44, 18) בי ולא ביה … אם למִפְצַע קיסין אנא וכ׳ take me, not him (Benjamin), if for drawing water, I am (strong enough to do it), if for attendance, I am etc., if for splitting wood, I etc.—participle passive פָּצִיעַ; feminine פְּצִיעָא. the same place (ibid.) section 68 דין מוחיה פ׳ (some edition פצועין, correct accordingly) this one had his skull fractured; Vayikra Rabbah section 8 פְּצִיעָה; Bamidbar Rabbah section 3 דין רישיה פצוע ודין ידיה פצוע (correct accordingly) the one had his head broken, the other, his arm; Tanchuma Ki Thissa 5; and elsewhere Pi'el פִּעֵל פַּצַּעsame. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 2, 20ᶜ bottom of the page חמא … מְפַצַּע קיסין he saw R. Ḥ. … split wood. ↗ original
פֶּצַעthe preceding) wound. Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 38 (referring to Genesis 4, 23) וכי איש אשר הרגתי וכי פצעתיו מזיד שיהא הפ׳ קרוי על שמי was it a man I killed? and did I wound him wilfully, that the wound should be called by my name?; Tanchuma Bereshith 11; and frequently—Bamidbar Rabbah section 10, see פָּצַע.—plural פְּצָעִים, construct state פִּצְעֵי. the same place (ibid.) Bereshith Rabbah section 22 (referring to Genesis the passage cited) דבר שהוא עושה פ׳ he struck him with something which makes open wounds (with a stone). Bereshith Rabbah section 23 שיבואו עלי פ׳ בשבילו that wounds (sufferings) must come upon me on his account? Yevamoth 63ᵇ (quoted frequently Ben Sira) רבים היו פצעי רוכל וכ׳ many have been the wounds of the peddlers that lead to indecencies (by selling exciting perfumes); and frequently ↗ original
פַּצְעִילִין (פָּצַע, with format, ל) burst fruits, fruits that fell off in an unripe state and were placed in the sun to ripen. Shabbath 45ᵇ top פַּצְעִילֵי תמרה dates lying on the roof to ripen; Betzah 40ᵃ; compare פִּיצּוּלַיָּא. ↗ original
פֶּקָאPeḳa, name of a cave. Koheleth Rabbah to 10, 8 מערתא דפ׳ (edition Vilna edition דפֶקַע); Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Beshallach, p. 88ᵇ דבֶקַע. ↗ original
פָּקַד (Biblical Hebrew) [to search, examine] to visit; (euphem.) to have marital connection with. Yevamoth 62ᵇ ואינו פוֹקְדָהּ and does not visit her (in due time, see עוֹנָה I). the same place (ibid.) חייב אדם לִפְקוֹד וכו׳ a man is bound to visit his wife before going on a journey.—Treatise Smachoth, Treatise Chaldaic (Aramaic) 8 יוצאין … ופוֹקְדִין על המתים וכ׳ you may go out to the burial ground and call upon the dead until three days (after being placed in the sepulchral chamber), and there is no superstitious practice in that; מעשה שפְּקָדוֹ אחד וכ׳ it occurred that one visited an entombed person, and the latter (was found living and) lived twenty years thereafter; and frequently (of the Lord) to visit, remember, decree upon. Tanchuma Vayera 14 בלשון … אני פוֹקְדָךְ with the same expression … I will remember thee (bless thee with issue). the same place (ibid.) הרוני פוֹקֵד לאברהם וכ׳ I will remember Abraham (relieve him from impotence) at the same time with Abimelech (referring to Genesis 20, 17-21, 1). Pesikta Rabbati section 43 כשבא לפקוד את חנה when the Lord came to visit Hannah; and very frequently—participle passive פָּקוּד; feminine פְּקוּדָה; plural פְּקוּדִים, פְּקוּדִין; פְּקוּדוֹת. Sanhedrin 97ᵃ עד שהראשונה פ׳ שנייה וכ׳ while the first calamity is remembered (by the Lord for delivery), the second quickly comes. to count, muster; see פָּקוּד, פְּקִידָה, פִּיקּוּד. (denominative of פָּקִיד, interch. with Hif'il) to give in charge, entrust, deposit. Pesikta Rabbati the passage cited בעל פקדונות אני … פּוֹקֵד אצלי אני נותן לו I (the Lord) am a trustee, whatever a man deposits with me, I give back to him. the same place (ibid.) נפשות פְּקַדְתֶּם אצלי וכ׳ you (Abraham and Sarah) deposited souls with me (converted souls to the belief in me), I will pay you back in souls (referring to Genesis 21, 1); and frequently (denominative of פָּקִיד) to command, order. the same place (ibid.) section 42 פָּקַדְתִּי לאדם וכ׳ I gave Adam a command, and he did not do it; פקדתי למלאך וכ׳ I commissioned the angel of death, and he did (what I commanded him). Shevuoth 7, 7 (45ᵃ) שבועה שלא פְּקָדָנוּ אבא we swear that our father has not left us any order (concerning this case); Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 7, 33ᵇ פִּיקְּדָנוּ. Shevuoth 48ᵇ מה לי שלא פְקָרַנֵי אבא ושלא פקדני אחי what is the difference between the oath of an heir ‘that my father has not left me an order’, and ‘that my brother etc.’?; and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּיקֵּדsame, see above. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְקַד,Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְפַּקֵּד, , Nithpa'elנִתְפַּקֵּדto be visited, remembered, decreed upon. Bereshith Rabbah section 53 בשעה שנִפְקְדָה … נִפְקְדוּ עמה when Sarah was visited etc., see עֲקָרָה. the same place (ibid.) אינו דין שתִּפָּקֵד is it not right that she should be visited? Tanchuma Vayera 13 תהי נִפְקֶדֶת she shall be remembered. Rosh Hashanah 11ᵃ. Pesikta Rabbati section 42 בדין הוא שיִפָּקֵד אברהם it is right that Abraham be visited. the same place (ibid.) שתִּתְפַּקֵּד אף היא that she be likewise visited. Vayikra Rabbah section 29; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Baḥod., p. 150ᵇ (quoted from Rab’s New Year’s prayer) ובריות בו יִפָּקֵדוּ להזכירם וכ׳ and creatures are passed upon on that day to record them for life or for death; and frequently to be commanded, commissioned. Pesikta Rabbati the passage cited יש שנתפ׳ ולא עשה וכ׳ some are commanded and do not (what they are ordered to) etc. Mechilta Beshallach, Vayassʿa, section 4 עשו מה שנִתְפַּקְּדוּ they did what they were commanded to do; and elsewhere Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְקִידto give in charge, deposit. Bava Metzia 3, 1 המַפְקִיד אצל וכ׳ if a man deposits for safe-keeping with his neighbor etc. the same place (ibid.) 36ᵃ and the following כל המפקיד על דעת אשתו ובניו הוא מפקיד he who deposits with his neighbor, does so with the presumptive condition that the latter’s wife and children be also trustees (and it was no breach of trust to leave the deposit in their charge). Bereshith Rabbah section 53 עמלק ה׳ אצלי וכ׳ Amalek deposited with me bundles of thorns (wrong-doings) etc.; שרה הִפְקִידָה אצלי וכ׳ Sarah deposited with me virtues and good deeds etc. Pesikta Rabbati section 43; and frequently—Bava Metzia 35ᵃ ופרקין המפקיד הוה and our subject at college was hammafḳid (the Mishnah Bava Metzia the passage cited and the discussions concerning it).—participle passive מוּפְקָד; feminine מוּפְקֶדֶת etc. Bava Kamma 105ᵃ כגון שהיתה … מופ׳ ביד אחרים when his father’s bag was left in trust with other people; and elsewhere to take charge of. Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 847 הַפְקֵד לי הפקדון הזה take this object in charge for me. ↗ original
פְּקַדto command. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 8, 31 פַּקְדִּית manuscripts (other edition Ithpaal; edition Berlin edition Pa'el, see below). [to give in charge,] to store up.—participle passive פָּקִיד; plural פְּקִידי. Kethuboth 5ᵇ מִיפְּקַד פקיד, see חֲבַר. Pesachim 33ᵇ משקין מיפקד פקידי (Rashi: מִיפְּקִיד) liquids (in grapes) are stored up (the shell being merely a vessel), opposite מיבלע בליעי. Pa'el פִּעֵל פַּקֵּידto command, commission. Targum Genesis 7, 5; 9 (edition Berlin edition פַּק׳, without Dagesh). the same place (ibid.) 49, 33. Targum Psalms 68, 29. Targum Amos 9, 3, and the following (edition Vilna edition אַפְקִידAf'el); and very frequently—Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Baḥod., p. 155ᵇ רבי … הוה מְפַקֵּד לחבריה וכ׳ R. Z. commanded the students (saying), go and hear R. L. preach; Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 4, beginning 59ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 7ᶜ bottom of the page; the same place (ibid.) דרבי מיפקד (correct accordingly). Koheleth Rabbah to 3, 2 הוה מפקד גו ביתיה gave orders in his house (made his will); and frequently—participle passive מְפַקַּד, see below. Af'el הִפְעִיל אַפְקֵידsame, see above.—2) to give in charge, deposit. Bava Metzia 36ᵃ הוו מַפְקְדֵי מרייהו וכ׳ used to leave their hoes in charge of a certain old woman; יומא חד אפקדינהו וכ׳ one day they left them with etc.; and frequently Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְפַּקֵּד,Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְפְּקִיד, אִיפְּקִידto be commanded. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 8, 31, see above. the same place (ibid.) 35. Targum Exodus 34, 34; and frequently—Avodah Zarah 14ᵃ; 21ᵃ מִיפְקְדִינָן Rashi (edition מְפַקְּדִינָן, participle passive Pa'el), see פָּנִים. to be given in charge, be deposited. Targum Leviticus 5, 23 (O. edition Lsb. אִתַּפְקַד).—Kethuboth 5ᵇ; Pesachim 33ᵇ, see above. ↗ original
פִּקָּדוֹןthe preceding) thing given in charge, deposit. Bereshith Rabbah section 93, beginning לית שמיה פקדון אלא פּוּק דּוֹן (some edition פוקדון in one word) it ought not to be called piḳḳadon, but puḳ don (go out of this, avoid it; דון for דין). Shevuoth 5, 1 שבועת הפ׳ the oath concerning a deposit. the same place (ibid.) 2 תן לי פִקְדּוֹנִי give me my deposit back. the same place (ibid.) 6, 7 מי שהפ׳ אצלו the trustee. Bamidbar Rabbah section 9 (referring to Numbers 5, 12 ומעלה בו מעל, a. Leviticus 5, 21) לפי שהיא כופרת בפ׳ because she betrays a trust; מה ממון הקל כל הכופר בפ׳ … בפִקְדּוֹן גוף וכ׳ if in money matters which are of slighter import, he who denies a deposit is considered like denying the Lord, how much more so is one who denies the deposit of a body (purity of the family)! Tanchuma Shof’ṭim 12 פ׳ אחד … תן לו פִּקְדּוֹנוֹ וכ׳ one deposit has he (the Lord) with thee, give it back to him and make thyself a god; ומה פקדונו וכ׳ and what is his deposit? Said she, the soul within thee; and very frequently—plural פִּקְדּוֹנוֹת, פִּיקְ׳. Bereshith Rabbah the passage cited ברח מן הפ׳ flee from receiving trusts; Yevamoth 109ᵃ.—בעל פ׳ trustee. Bereshith Rabbah section 53; Pesikta Rabbati section 43, see פָּקַד; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּקַדְתָּא (the preceding words) order, last will. Gittin 50ᵇ בשטר פ׳ it means the order of dispositions in the written will. ↗ original
פָּקוּד , plural פְּקוּדִים(Biblical Hebrew mustered, included in the census. Bava Bathra 121ᵇ (referring to Numbers 14, 29) מי שפְּקוּדָיו מבן עשרים … שפקודיו וכ׳ every tribe whose members are mustered from twenty years and upward, to the exclusion of the tribe of Levi whose members are enlisted from thirty years. ↗ original
פְּקוֹדָאֵיinhabitants of Pekod. Targum Ezekiel 23, 23. ↗ original
פְּקוּדָּהwatch, guard. Nega'im 5, 3 שער הפ׳ hair of a leprous spot which remains after the inflammation has partly receded.—[פְּקוּדָה, Sanhedrin 97ᵃ, see פָּקַד.—Bamidbar Rabbah section 4, see פְּקִידָה.] ↗ original
פְּקוֹלִיP’ḳoli (Cotton Dealer (?), see next word), surname of Simon, a Tannai. Berachoth 28ᵇ; Megillah 17ᵇ ↗ original
פְּקוֹלִין (פָּקַל; compare פּוּקְלָא) cotton tufts. Niddah 17ᵃ בפ׳ או בצמר וכ׳ (some edition בפוקלין) with cotton tufts or with wool clean and soft. the same place (ibid.) (Chaldaic (Aramaic)) מאן בעי פ׳ דנהמא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition פְּקוֹלֵי בנ׳) who wants cotton tufts for the bed (see נַהֲמָא)? ↗ original
פִּקּוּסPiḳḳus, name of a tower. Targum Jeremiah 31, 37 (edition Vilna edition פְּקוּם); Targum Zechariah 14, 10 (edition Vilna edition פִּקוּם; Hebrew text חננאל). ↗ original
פַּקּוּעַ Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 3, beginning 34ᶜ (explained מתוק, Shevi'ith 3, 1) פקוע Rabbenu Shimshon to Shevi'ith the passage cited (edition פקועה). the same place (ibid.) ההן פקועא דבקעתא Rabbenu Shimshon (edition עה …) that means the paḳḳuʿa of the valley. [Rabbenu Shimshon cracks in the soil of the valley, see מָתוֹק 2.] ↗ original
פַּקּוּעָה , plural פַּקּוּעוֹת (Biblical Hebrew Coloquintida, Bitter-Apple, a gourd. Shabbath 2, 2 שמן פ׳ gourd-oil. Kelim 17, 17 של פ׳ (שפופרת) the hollow stem of etc. ↗ original
פְּקוֹקֶלֶת , plural פְּקוֹקְלוֹת (reduplic. of פָּקַל) ramification of sinews. Sifra Vayikra, N’dab., Chaldaic (Aramaic) 17, Parah 14 (referring to החלב … על הכסלים, Leviticus 3, 10) זה החלב שבין הפ׳ that means the fat between the sinews (in the loins); Tosefta Chullin 9, 14 פְּקוֹקְרוֹת; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 462 הפקוקרות (or הפְּקוֹקֶרֶת). Sifra the passage cited, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 19 (referring to Leviticus 3, 9) להביא את החלב הסמוך … בין הפ׳ this includes the fat near the tail, which is the fat between the sinews. ↗ original
פְּקוֹקַלְתָּא Bereshith Rabbah section 78 הא פ׳ דגידא שרי the ramification of the nervus ischiadicus is permitted; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 133 הדין פ׳ דגידא שריא (read: הדא). ↗ original
פָּקַח (Biblical Hebrew) to break through, open. Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּיקֵּחַto open. Bava Bathra 12ᵇ אפילו … יין מְפַקְּחוֹ even if his heart be closed like a virgin (his mind be dull), wine will open it (make it bright).—Esp. (with גַּל) to open a heap of debris; to attempt to rescue a person supposed to be buried in debris. Oholoth 16, 4 המְפקּחַ בגל he who digs among debris (not knowing certainly that a corpse is buried there). Pesachim 8, 6. Kethuboth 15ᵇ לְפַקֵּחַ עליו את הגל as regards digging for his sake (on the Sabbath). the same place (ibid.) 5ᵃ מִפַקְּחִין פיקוח נפש, see פִּיקּוּחַ; and frequently [to have the eyes open,] to guard, watch, care. the same place (ibid.) הולכין … לפקח על עסקי רבים וכ׳ we may assemble in synagogues and school houses (in theatres and circuses) in order to watch over public affairs, on the Sabbath. Shabbath 150ᵇ לפקח על עסקי כלה וכ׳ to make arrangements for the reception of a bride etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 3, beginning 5ᵈ; and frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפֽקַח,Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְפַּקֵּחַ, , Nithpa'elנִתְפַּקֵּחַ (see פִּקֵּחַ) to recover the faculty of hearing (and speech). Gittin 2, 6. Yevamoth 113ᵃ. Bereshith Rabbah section 53; and elsewhere to recover the faculty of speech. Pesikta Rabbati section 42 וכל אלם נפקח and every mute was made speaking. *. הִפְקִיחַto cause to escape. Bava Bathra 10ᵃ שינה מַפְקַחְתּוֹ, see פָּכַח. ↗ original
פְּקַח 1 , to open (the eye); (with על) to guard, care. Targum Job 14, 3. the same place (ibid.) 27, 19. Targum Psalms (46, 8; and frequently Pa'el פִּעֵל פַּקֵּחַto remove debris. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 3, 5. to make open-minded, bright. Horayoth 13ᵇ; Sanhedrin 70ᵃ; Yoma 76ᵇ פַּקְחִין (= פקחני) made me open-minded, see רֵיחָנָא. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְפְּקַחto awaken, become sober. Targum Psalms 78, 65 (Hebrew text מתרונן). ↗ original
פְּקַח 2 (the preceding) brighteness, prudence. Targum Proverbs 26, 12 פ׳ סכלא וכ׳ manuscript (edition only סכלא, see Pesh.) the cunning of a fool is better than his (Hebrew text תקוה). ↗ original
פִּקֵּחַ , פִּקַּחַת, פִּיקַּ׳ feminine (Biblical Hebrew; the preceding words) [open,] (opposite to חֵרֵשׁ) hearing. Yevamoth 14, 1 חרש שנשא פ׳ ופ׳ וכ׳ if a deaf mute married one hearing, or a hearing person married etc.; פ׳ שנשא פ׳ ונתחרשה if one hearing married one hearing, and she became deaf (and dumb); and frequently (opposite to סוּמָא or עִוֵּר) seeing. Shemoth Rabbah section 36 משל לפ׳ וסומא וכ׳ like a seeing and a blind man walking together etc. Shemoth Rabbah section 3 (referring to Exodus 4, 11) פ׳ לראייה פ׳ לשמיעהpiḳḳeaḥ refers both to sight and to hearing; and elsewhere (opposite to טִפֵּשׁ) bright, smart, prudent. Kethuboth 88ᵃ (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) אי פ׳ הוא וכ׳ if he (the husband) be prudent, he may cause her to have an oath administered to her according to Biblical law. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 2, end, 73ᶜ הוי פ׳ ושתוק be prudent and keep silence; Yoma 7ᵃ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 2, end, 5ᶜ אשה פ׳ a wise woman; and frequently—plural פִּקְחִים, פִּקְחִין, פִּי׳; פִּקְחוֹת, פִּי׳. Yevamoth 14, 3, and the following Shabbath 153ᵃ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 4, 66ᶜ; Treatise Sof’rim 15, 10 רובן … פ׳ most bastards are bright; and frequently ↗ original
פִּקְטַיָּיא masculine plural = next word Targum Psalms 75, 9 דורדייהא ופקטייהא (edition Vilna edition ופִקְטְיָהָא; Hebrew text שמריה).—Bava Metzia 40ᵇ פִּקְטָךְ מאי איעביד להו (singular form) it is thy froth (of the oil which thou hast deposited with me), what has been done with it? (it is not my fault; Oxford manuscript מאי אעביד לך what can I do for thee?). ↗ original
פִּקְטִים (פקט to burst forth, ferment) froth, foam (of wine or oil). Bava Metzia 40ᵇ לוקח … שמרים בלא פ׳ a purchaser of oil must accept a Log and a half of lees (to the barrel), but no froth. the same place (ibid.) אחד הלוקח ואחד המפקיד לפ׳ the laws concerning foam are the same for the purchaser as for the depositor. Sifré Deuteronomy 324 (referring to Isaiah 25, 6) שמרים שאין בהם כלום דבר אלא פ׳ lees in which there is nothing but froth (foul matter). Esther Rabbah to 1, 3 שמא יתנו שמן פ׳ וכ׳ lest they put frothy (rancid) oil in the lamps, opposite פטים. ↗ original
פַּקְטֵין (the preceding) to issue froth, to drop semen. Targum Job 21, 10 יְפַקְטֵן edition Lagarde edition (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) יְפַקְטיז; edition Vilna edition יפלט; Hebrew text יגעיל). ↗ original
פָּקֵי (פּוּק; see אֲפוּקֵי) exit, end. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 9, 17ᵃ פ׳ שמיטתא the end of the Sabbatical year (the beginning of the new Sabbatical period). ↗ original
פָּקִידappointed to examine, officer, commissioner.— plural פְּקִידִים. Pesikta Rabbati section 42 [read:] הרבה פ׳ יש יש שנתפקד וכ׳ there are various kinds of commissioners (of the Lord), some are appointed etc., see פָּקַד. Bamidbar Rabbah section 14 וכבשים כנגד פ׳ and lambs were offered (Numbers 7, 83) in behalf of the officers; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּקִידָה (the preceding) examination. Niddah 1, 1; Eduy. 1, 1 מפ׳ לפ׳ (her uncleanness dates back) from the present examination to the last one. the same place (ibid.) הרי זו כפ׳ this is as good as an examination; and frequently divine visitation (for good or for evil), remembrance, decree; use of the verbפָּקַד. Sanhedrin 91ᵇ משעת פ׳ from the moment when it is decreed (what the embryonic germ should grow to be). Pesikta Rabbati section 42 יש פ׳ לברכה there is a visitation (use of פקד) for blessing; יש פ׳ של גאולה וכ׳ there is a visitation for redemption etc.; Bamidbar Rabbah section 4, beginning (interch. with פְּקוּדָה). Rosh Hashanah 11ᵃ אתיא פ׳ פ׳ there is an analogy between paḳad (I Samuel 2, 21) and paḳad (Genesis 21, 1). Shemoth Rabbah section 5 סימן הפ׳ the password paḳad (Exodus 3, 16, referring to Genesis 50, 24); שמעו הפ׳ they heard the announcement of remembrance (Exodus 4, 31); ויקדו על הפ׳ they bowed in gratitude for the announcement of remembrance; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּקִיעַ 1 (פָּקַע) strip; shreds of garments ravelled into threads for wicks. Shekalim 5, 1 בן בבי (ממונה) על הפ׳ Ben Bebai was appointed to superintend the preparation of wicks from the shreds of priestly garments; Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 8, 21ᵃ (interch. with הפתילה). a strip of leather, a strap used as a whip. Yoma 23ᵃ לוקה … בפ׳ he is smitt en by the overseer with a strap (explained מַדְרָא, מְטַרְקָא). the same place (ibid.) (referring to Shekalim the passage cited) אמינא מאי פ׳ נגדא I would now say, p’ḳiʿa means strap (appointed to execute punishment).—Eduy. 3, 5 בית הפ׳ (Rabad הפְּקִיעָה) that end of the bow from which the thong is snapped [that which is to be stripped or ravelled,] bundle, bunch. Bava Kamma 117ᵃ הרשט לי פ׳ זה Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition פ׳ עמיר) hand me this bunch (of sheaves). Tosefta Bava Metzia 8, 4; and elsewhere—plural פְּקִיעִים, פְּקִיעִין. Shabbath 24, 2 מתירין פְּקִיעֵי עמיר וכ׳ you may untie bundles of sheaves for the cattle etc. the same place (ibid.) 155ᵃ הן הן פ׳ הן הן כיפין p’ḳiin and kippin mean the same things. the same place (ibid.) פ׳ תרי bunches are called p’ḳiin, when tied with two bands, see כִּיפָּה. Tosefta Sukkah 1, 4; and elsewhere that which has been chipped off, piece.—plural as ab., see פֶּקַע↗ original
פְּקִיעַ 2 Chaldaic (Aramaic) masculine (פְּקַע) spread, well-known. Yevamoth 37ᵇ דפ׳ שמייהו their names are well-known (see פְּקַעAf'el 2).—2) = בְּקִיעַ, expert. Bava Bathra 164ᵇ ומי פ׳ ובי וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Manuscript Florence (Munich manuscript בָּקִי; edition בְּקִיעַ) is Rabbi an expert in etc.?; and elsewhere—plural פְּקִיעֵי. Shevuoth 42ᵃ Manuscript Florence; see בְּקִיעַ 2. ↗ original
פָּקַלto split, peel. Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּיקֵּלsame, especially to strip onions. Maasroth 1, 6 הבצלים משיְפַקֵּל ואם אינו מְפַקֵּל וכ׳ (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition משיְפַקֵּילוּ; Munich manuscript משיקפלו מקפל …) onions are subject to tithes when one begins to strip them (for storage), and if one does not want to strip etc., see עֲרֵימָה; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 49ᵃ bottom of the page משיְפַקְּלוּ, explained מן דו ירים וכ׳, see פּוּרְגָּרָה. ʿUktsin 2, 5 התחיל … לְפַקֵּל בבצלים when one has begun the stripping etc.; (Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 13 לקלף). ↗ original
פָּקַםto split, perforate (compare פצם), especially to prick an animal’s mouth with the bit; to govern. Bamidbar Rabbah section 20 (referring to Numbers 23, 16) ‘he put a thing in his mouth’ כאדם שנותן … ופוֹקְמָהּ להיכן שירצה as a man puts a bit in the mouth of a beast and makes it go in what direction he desires; כך הקב"ה פוֹקֵם את פיו so the Lord pricked his (Balaam’s) mouth (making him ‘go back’ to Balak); Tanchuma Balak 13; Ylamdenu to Numbers the passage cited, quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) היה פוקם … ופוקמה (edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) ופוקקה, correct accordingly). Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּיקֵּםsame, to prick, perforate. Bamidbar Rabbah the passage cited (referring to Numbers the passage cited 5) שעיקם פיו ופִיקְּמוֹ וכ׳ he (the Lord) curved his mouth (as with a bit) and pierced it as a man drives a nail into a board; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 765 עיקם את פיו ועקמו (correct accordingly). ↗ original
פָּקַס 1 (compare the preceding) to tear open, open forcibly. Shabbath 155ᵇ (explained הַמְרָאָה) מרביצה ופוֹקֵס את פיה וכ׳ (Munich manuscript ופוקק) he makes the animal lie down, and opens its mouth wide, and makes it swallow etc.; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 18, 2 ופוקס את צוארו. ↗ original
פָּקַס 2 (denominative of פֶּיקָס) to paint the face with rouge (compare φυκόω). Shabbath 10, 6 וכן הפּוֹקֶסֶת and the same is the case with her who rouges (on the Sabbath); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 10, end, 12ᵈ הפוקסת חייבת משום צובעה rouging comes under the category of dyeing. Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 64ᵇ שלא תכחול ולא תִפְקוֹס that she (the menstruant) must not paint (her eyes) nor rouge. Moed Katan 20ᵇ אינו רשאי לכוף … ולהיות פוקסת dare not force his wife (mourning for a parent) to paint or rouge; and frequently to make small curls pasted on the forehead. Shabbath 94ᵇ (referring to Shabbath 10, 6) פוקסת משום טווה curling comes under the category of spinning; the same place (ibid.) 95ᵃ גודלת ופוקסת משום בונה plaiting the hair and curling comes under the category of building. Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּיקֵּסto remove the coils of blossoms on gourds. Maasroth 1, 5 משיִפָּקְסוּ ואם אינו מְפקֵּס וכ׳ are subject to tithes when they are trimmed, and if one does not want to trim etc.; Bava Metzia 88ᵇ, explained משינטל פיקס שלהן, see פֶּיקָס. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 1, 49ᵃ היה מפקס ראשון וכ׳ (not הוה) if one trims one by one (just when he needs them) and boils etc.; עד שיְפַקֵּס כל צורכו until he has trimmed as many as he wants for immediate use; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 5 היה מְפַקֵּיץ ראשין וכ׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) variant reading the same place (ibid.) 6 תורמין … אע"פ שלא פִּיקֵּץ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading פקס) one must give T’rumah of gourds, even if one did not trim them. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) the passage cited פיקס ושילק וכ׳ if he trimmed and boiled etc.; and elsewhere Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְקָסto be trimmed, see above. ↗ original
פְּקַס , to rouge. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 6, 2 וּפַקְסָן (not וּפִ׳). ↗ original
פַּקְסוּסַיָּה (see פֶּיקָס a. פִּיקּוּסָא)the coils on the blossom ends of gourds. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 1, 49ᵃ (explained משיפקסו, Maasroth 1, 5) מן דו ירים פ׳ when one removes the coils. ↗ original
פָּקַע (compare בקע) to split; to burst; to break forth, escape. Bereshith Rabbah section 32 אינו מספיק … עד שהיא פוֹקַעַת he scarcely beats it (the bad flax) once, when it bursts; the same place (ibid.) section 34; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 350. Bereshith Rabbah the passage cited שאינו מקיש עליהם אחת עד שהיא פוקעת he knocks at them (the bad earthen vessels) scarcely once, and one is cracked (the same place (ibid.) section 32 עד שהוא שוברם). Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 3, 50ᵈ top פעמים שהיא פוקעת וכ׳ sometimes it (the fig) bursts under the wheel. Zevachim 9, 6 גחלת שפָּקְעָה מעל וכ׳ a coal that sprang from the altar; אברים שפָּקְעוּ וכ׳ chips of limbs that sprang off the altar. Tosefta Parah 3 (2), 11 פ׳ מעורה וכ׳ if a part of her skin … (in burning the red cow) leaped off beyond the pit. the same place (ibid.) 12. Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 761 את הפּוֹקְעִין the portions which spring off, see פֶּקַע; and frequently—Pesikta Rabbati section 11 או שמא תִפְקַע האוזן וכ׳ (or תִפָּקַעNif'al) or (I would venture to say it, were I not afraid,) lest the ear of the hearer burst, i.e. it is almost blasphemous to say it; (Mechilta Yithro, Baḥod., section 2 כדי שתבקע אוזן it is enough for an ear to burst). Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 1, 2ᶜ bottom of the page פקעו ממנה קידושין (not ופקעו) the betrothal rebounds from her, i.e. has no legal effect, opposite חלו עליה.—participle pass. פָּקוּעַ; feminine פְּקוּעָהan animal which is ripped open;בן (ה) פ׳ an animal taken alive out of the slaughtered mother’s womb. Chullin 69ᵃ; and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּקֵּעַto cause splitting. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 7, 35ᵇ top שלא לפַקֵּעַ תחת הבשר in order not to cause a splitting of the bone under the flesh, see פֶּקַע. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְקִיעַto split, break open. Shabbath 3, 3 (38ᵇ) לא יַפְקִיעֶנָּה בסודרין he must not break it (the egg) over a hot cloth, Rashi (other interpret.: he must not cause it to crack by wrapping it in a hot cloth and rolling it; see Tosafoth Yom Tob ad loc. (on the passage)). to strip, pluck, ravel out. Betzah 31ᵇ מתיר ומַפְקִיעַ וחותך may untie (the knot, see חוֹתָם), or ravel out or cut through; Shabbath 146ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 15, beginning 15ᵃ, and elsewhere ומַפְקִיעִין, see פִּקְפֵּק. Sukkah 5, 3 מהן היו מַפְקִיעִין ובהן היו מדליקין they stripped them (the worn-out belts of priests) and used them for wicks; Shabbath 21ᵃ בגדי … מפקיעין אותן ומהן היו עושין פתילות וכ׳ they ravelled out priestly garments and made of them wicks etc.; explained Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 5, 55ᵇ bottom of the page מפשילים, see פָּשַׁל. Esther Rabbah to 1, 6 הכל מפקיעין בחבלי וכ׳ all make straps (for their couches) of woolen or flax ropes, and this wicked man uses byssus and purple; and frequently—2) [to cause breaking loose,] to release, cancel an obligation. Yevamoth 66ᵇ and the following, and frequently הקדש … מפקיעין מידי שעבוד consecration (of a pledged object), leavened matter (on the entrance of Passover), and liberation (of a pledged slave) cause a release from mortgage (cancel the mortgage contract). Bechoroth 5ᵃ אין בכור מפקיע בכור a first-born Levite could not serve as ransom for a first-born Israelite; דיו לבכור שיַפְקִיעַ וכ׳ it was enough for the firstborn Levite that he released his own consecration (that he needed no priest to be substituted for him); and frequently ה׳ השער to break up, unsettle the market, to raise prices arbitrarily, create a panic. Taanith 2, 9 שלא להַפְקִיעַ השערים in order not to cause a sudden rise of market prices (by creating the impression of impending scarcity). Megillah 17ᵇ כנגד מַפְקִיעֵי שערים a prayer against those who raise prices (speculating on a coming scarcity). ↗ original
פְּקַע , to burst, break, escape. Pesachim 85ᵇ פ׳ איגרא the roof burst, see זֵיתָא I. Bava Metzia 20ᵇ פ׳ ארזא וכ׳ the cedar pillar of the school was cracked, see לָתָא. Avodah Zarah 33ᵇ פַּקְעוּ they (the vessels) burst. the same place (ibid.) 28ᵇ פַּקְעָא עינא her eye burst (fell out). Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 1, beginning 80ᵃ דלא יִפְקְעָן וכ׳ lest the grain burst (sprout) and go to ruin.—Chullin 89ᵇ פ׳ ליה איסור גיד מיניה has the prohibition resting on the nervus ischiadicus gone from it (ceased to affect it)? the same place (ibid.) 139ᵃ פַּקְעָה קדושתייהו מינייהו their sacred character has ceased; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 8, 22ᵇ top פַּקְעַת מינייהו קדושתן; and frequently Pa'el פִּעֵל פַּקַּעto break; פ׳ מ־to hinder. Gittin 44ᵃ מְפַקַּע ליה ממצות (by leaving his slave in the hands of a gentile) he prevents him from living up to the obligations (resting on the Noachidæ, see נֹחַ); Bechoroth 3ᵃ Af'el הִפְעִיל אַפְקַע as the precedingHif'il, to cancel, cause a release. Shevuoth 48ᵇ אתיא שביעית אַפְקַעְתֵּיה the Sabbatical year comes and causes the cancellation of the debt. Gittin 36ᵇ אלימי לאַפְקוּעֵי ממונא they have the power to declare a debt cancelled. Kethuboth 3ᵃ, and frequently כל דמקדש … ואַפְקְעִינְהוּ רבנן וכ׳ whoever betroths a woman, does so in the sense of the rabbinical law (see דַּעְתָּא), and for an eventuality like this the Rabbis have annulled his betrothal retroactively (so that no divorce would be necessary at all); and frequently to let go forth, issue, make known. Gittin 36ᵃ (referring to בקיאין סימנייהו their pictorial signatures on documents are well known) מעיקרא במאי אַפְקְעִינְהוּ on what kind of writs did they originally issue their signatures (so as to make the public familiar with them)?, see פְּקִיעַ 2. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְפְּקַעto be broken into. Targum 2 Esther 3, 7 (referring to ותבקע, 2 Kings 25, 4). ↗ original
פֶּקַע 1 (the preceding) split, crack; that which bounds off, splinter, piece. Bereshith Rabbah section 94 לא נמצא … לא קשר ולא פ׳ there was not in the timber either a knot or a crack; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 12. Pesachim 84ᵇ משום פ׳ because by exposure to the coal fire the bone might crack. the same place (ibid.) 85ᵃ משום פ׳ by striking at the uncovered part of the bone a split may be created in the covered portion; and elsewhere—plural פְּקָעִים, פְּקָעִין. Sifré Numbers 124 (referring to Numbers 19, 5) להביא את הפ׳ Rabbenu Shimshon to Parah 3, 9 (edition הפְּקִיעִים; Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 761 הפּוֹקְעִין, see פָּקַע) this is to include the fragments that jumped off (that they must be brought back and burned). ↗ original
פְּקַעַת (פָּקַע) [that which is to be unravelled; compare בְּקַעַת] coil, clue of thread, of rope etc. Kelim 10, 4 פ׳ של גמי a coil of rope made of reed grass. Bereshith Rabbah section 12, beginning נטל פ׳ של גמי … ונכנס דרך הפ׳ וכ׳ he took a clue of rope and tied one end of it to the entrance, and he went in along the unwound rope, and came out along the rope; Koheleth Rabbah to 2, 12 פְּקִיעַת גמי; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 1; and elsewhere—plural פְּקַעֲיוֹת. Kelim 17, 2 שעורה בפ׳ של שתי is measured by the ordinary size of warp clues. Chagigah 12ᵃ היה מרחיב והולך כשתי פ׳ וכ׳ was extending farther and farther (in two directions) like two unwound clues etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 10, beginning נטל הקב"ה שתי פ׳ וכ׳ (some edition פקיעיות, correct accordingly) the Lord took two coils, one of snow and one of fire, and worked them into each other. Bava Kamma 119ᵇ שירי פ׳ Munich manuscript (edition שיורי פְּקִיעוֹת; Manuscript Rome 2 פְּקָעוֹת) remnants of coils (given to the weaver); and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּקַעְתָּא (פְּקַע) hindrance, enforced idleness. Kethuboth 47ᵃ שכר פְּקַעְתָּהּ indemnity for being taken away from her work. ↗ original
פִּקְפּוּק (פִּקְפֵּק) shaking, battering.—plural פִּקְפּוּקִין, פִּי׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 2, 20ᵇ (referring to פוקה, I Samuel 25, 31) פִּיקְפּוּקֵי דברים היה שם there was a battering attack with words (to demolish David’s arguments). ↗ original
פִּקְפּוּקְתָּא (the preceding) breach. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 2, 20ᵇ (referring to פוקה, see the preceding) [read:] אמרה ליה כד תיפוק פִּקְפּוּקְתָּךְ וכ׳ she (Abigail) said to him, when thou openest thy breach (offerest a weak point), they will say of thee that thou art a murderer. ↗ original
פִּקְפֵּק (see פָּקַק) to drive a wedge in; to loosen, shake. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 53, see below. Sukkah 1, 7 (15ᵃ) מְפַקְפֵּק ונוטל וכ׳ he loosens (the boards of the ceiling) and takes one board out. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 15, beginning 15ᵃ מְפַקְפְּקִין ומפקיעין וכ׳ (not בו) you may loosen the knot, or ravel it out, or untie etc., see פָּקַע; מפקפקין ולא מפקיעין you may loosen the knot, but not ravel it out; the same place (ibid.) 20, end, 17ᵈ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 5, 63ᵇ top (not פקפקין).—participle passive מְפוּקְפָּק; feminine מְפוּקְפֶּקֶת; plural מְפוּקְפָּקִים, מְפוּקְפָּקִין; מְפוּקְפָּקוֹת. Bereshith Rabbah section 78 היו הברכות מפ׳ וכ׳ the blessings were as yet shaky (uncertain) in his hands, opposite נתאוששו, see אוּשׁ; the same place (ibid.) section 67.—Transferred [to shake the foundations of,] to contest the validity of, make light of. Eduy. 5, 6 פ׳ בטהרת ידים he contested the rabbinical regulations concerning cleanness of hands; Berachoth 19ᵃ. Avodah Zarah 35ᵃ גזירה … ואין מְפַקְפְּקִין בה it is a recent enactment, and you must not shake it (discuss its reason before a year is past); and elsewhere (supply (understood word) פיו, or דבר) to insert a wedge or coil in one’s mouth, be gagged, estopped from speaking. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 53 (referring to פוקה, I Samuel 25, 31) [read as in edition Buber edition] אם הן באין אצלך לדין מה אתה עושה ואתה מְפַקְפֵּק בדבר ואין אתה יכול להוציאו וכ׳ if men will come to thee for judgment, what wilt thou do? Thou wilt gag (thy mouth) with a word and be unable to bring it out, when they will say, has he not done so unto Nabal? Thus the text (I Samuel the passage cited) reads, ‘and let this not be unto thee a stopper’, אל תְּפַקְפֵּק בפיך וכ׳ do not put a gag in thy mouth (do not make thyself unable to give judgment boldly), nor say etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 134. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְפַּקְפֵּקto be shaken, loosened. Berachoth 28ᵇ man must bow at prayer עד שיִתְפַּקְפְּקוּ כל וכ׳ Munich manuscript a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition שיִתְפַּקְּקוּ, see R. D. S. ad loc. (on the passage) note 400) until all the vertebrae of the spine seem to be loosened. (see פָּקַק) to be stopped off. Yevamoth 63ᵇ עונותיו מִתְפַּקְפְּקִין Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition מִתְפַּקְּקִין) his sins are stopped off (cannot come forth to accuse him). ↗ original
פַּקְפֵּק , to shake, make light of. Sukkah 43ᵇ אתי לפַקְפּוּקֵי בלולב one may be induced to make light of the ceremony of Lulab. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְפַּקְפֵּקto be split, chipped off. Targum Job 30, 17 מִתְפַּקְפְּקִין edition (manuscript a. edition Lagarde edition מתפקקין מיני), see פְּקַק. ↗ original
פָּקַקto split, drive into, force open. Shabbath 155ᵇ ופוֹקֵק Munich manuscript, see פָּקַס I.—Denom. פֶּקֶק. (denominative of פֶּקֶק; compare חָדַק a. חֶדֶק) to insert a stop-gap; to stop. Kelim 3, 8 משפך … שפְּקָקוֹ וכ׳ (not שפקקה) a funnel of wood or clay stopped off with pitch. the same place (ibid.) 28, 2 שהתקינו לָפוֹק בו את המרחץ (edition Dehr. לפַקֵּק) (a shred) with which it was intended to fill up a gap in the bath. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 3, end, 25ᵇ צריך לפוק he must stop it off. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 11 (7), 10 פּוֹקְקִין את הביב וכ׳ you may stop off a gutter with a cloth. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 17, 16ᵇ top קנה שהתקינו להיות פּוֹקֵק בו החלון a pole (with a coil or a board attached) which has been prepared to close the sky light with it; (Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 14 (15), 3 להיות פותח ונועל בו), see פֶּקֶק. Babylonian Shabbath 64ᵇ פוקק לה זוג בצוארה וכ׳ he may muffle the bell on an animal’s neck (that it should not ring), and walk with it etc.; and frequently—participle passive פָּקוּק; plural פְּקוּקִין. the same place (ibid.) אע"פ שפ׳ nor should the animal be led out with a bell, even if it is muffled. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, 45ᵈ מכוסה ואינו פ׳ if the bottle is covered but not stopped; Tosefta Terumoth 7, 16 [read:] מכוסין ואינן פקוקין (and correct the entire passage in conformity with Yerushalmi (prefix) the passage cited), see פֶּקֶק. Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּיקֵּקsame, see above.—[Tosefta Maasroth 1, 5 מפקק edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.), see פָּקַס 2.] Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְפַּקֵּק,Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְפַּקֵּקto be shaken, loosened. Berachoth 28ᵇ שיִתְפַּקְּקוּ, see פִּקְפֵּק. Tanchuma Aḥăré 8 בשעה שנִתְפַּקְּקָה הכהונה וכ׳ when the priesthood in the hands of Aaron became shaky (was disputed); see פִּקְפֵּק. to be stopped. Yevamoth 63ᵇ מִתְפַּקְּקִין, see פִּקְפֵּק. ↗ original
פְּקַקto split, make a breach. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 2, 20ᵇ כד תִּיפּוֹק (not כל), see פִּקְפּוּקְתָּא. to stop. Targum 2 Chronicles 32, 30.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, 45ᵈ פָּקֵיק לה ומכסי לה stops the bottle and covers it. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְפְּקַקto be split, chipped off. Targum Job 30, 17 מִתְפַּקְּקִין מיני edition Lagarde edition are chipped off me (Hebrew text נקר), see פַּקְפֵּק. to be stopped. Targum Psalms 31, 19. ↗ original
פֶּקֶק (the preceding) anything used to fill up a gap (compare חֶדֶק), stop-gap, stopper. Shabbath 17, 7 פ׳ החלון the stopper of the sky-light (compluvium), see פָּקַק. Tosefta Eruvin 11 (8), 9 נוטל את הפ׳ וכ׳ he may take out the stopper between the two reservoirs etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, 45ᵈ אם היה הפ׳ חוצץ (not חוץ) if the stopper (of the bottle) is tight; Tosefta Terumoth 7, 16 (correct version in agreement with Yerushalmi (prefix) the passage cited, see פָּקַק). Yerushalmi (prefix) the passage cited כדי שינטל בפִיקְקוֹ so that the bottle can be lifted by its stopper; and frequently the place where a shoot is joined to the trunk or to a branch of the grape vine, knot. Bava Kamma 81ᵃ מן הפ׳ ולמעלה (you are permitted to take a shoot from a neighbor’s vine) from the knot and above it. ↗ original
פָּקַר (compare בָּקַר, a the preceding words) [to break through; compare פָּרַץ,] to be free, licentious, irreverent, sceptical. Megillah 25ᵇ מתוך תשובה … פָּקְרוּ המינים Munich manuscript (edition המערערים) from the answer which Aaron gave to Moses (Exodus 32, 24) the heretics derived their heresy (to assert the reality of idolatrous witchcraft). Sanhedrin 38ᵇ כל מקום שפקרו המינין וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition הצדוקים) wherever in a Biblical passage the heretics seem to find a support for their scepticism (belief in a plurality of divine beings), their refutation is always near by; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 12ᵈ bottom of the page (not שפרקו); and elsewhere (with עַצְמ־) to make free with one’s self; (of a woman) to propose marriage to a man. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 2, 20ᵇ (referring to I Samuel 25, 31 וזכרת את אמתך) מלמד שפָּקְרָה עצמה this shows that she intimated eventual marriage to David; and elsewhere Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְקִירto declare free, to renounce ownership, declare a property ownerless. Gittin 38ᵃ, and elsewhere המַפְקִיר עבדו יצא לחירות if one declares his slave ownerless, he goes out free (and needs no letter of emancipation); the same place (ibid.) 39ᵃ המפקיר … וצריך וכ׳ he is entitled to his liberty, but requires a letter of emancipation. Yalkut Shimoni Kings 224 ה׳ כל אשר לו (not הפקיד) he gave up all he possessed. Tanchuma Pinḥas 2 בת מלך הִפְקִירוּ לקלון they offered a king’s daughter to prostitution; ה׳ בתו מי לא היה מפקיר he (the king) offered his daughter, who would not do the same?; and frequently Hof. הֻפְעַל הוּפְקַרto be declared free. Peah 6, 1 עד שיוּפְקַר וכ׳ (Munich manuscript שיבקר, read as Eduy. 4, 3 שׁיוּבְקַר) until it is declared free also for rich men; and elsewhere—participle passive מוּפְקָר; feminine מוּפְקֶרֶת; plural מוּפְקָרִים, מוּפְקָרִין; מוּפְקָרוֹת. Sanhedrin 49ᵃ מה מדבר מ׳ לכל אף ביתו … מ׳ לכל as the desert is free to all, so was Joab’s house free to all (that craved his hospitality). Tanchuma Vayaḳhel 8 למה … מה המדבר מ׳ … התורה מ׳ וכ׳ why was the Law given in the desert? To intimate that as the desert is free to all, so are the words of the Law free to every one etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 72 דבר שהוא מן המ׳ something which is free (ownerless); and frequently—5. הֶפְקֵר. ↗ original
פְּקַרto break into; to declare free; see below.; see below. to be irreverent, sceptical. Sanhedrin 38ᵇ אבל אפיקורוס … דפ׳ טפי but with a Jewish sceptic you must surely not argue, for he will become only bolder by it. the same place (ibid.) 60ᵃ מי פְקִירֵי כולי האי are they (Jews) so bold (as to blaspheme God)?; and elsewhere Af'el הִפְעִיל אַפְקַרto break into, trespass. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 22, 4 (edition Amsterdam edition יִפְקַר; edition Vienna edition יפקד, correct accordingly; Hebrew text יבער). to declare free. the same place (ibid.) 23, 11 (edition Amsterdam edition Pe.; edition Vienna edition ותפקד, correct accordingly; Hebrew text ונטש׳).—Sukkah 44ᵇ אַפְקַר זיתיא וכ׳ declare thy olives free for the benefit of the poor. Berachoth 47ᵃ, and frequently אי בעי מַפְקַר וכ׳ if he chooses, he may renounce ownership of his property, and be a poor man etc. Bava Metzia 30ᵇ לכולי עלמא אַפְקַרְנְהוּ וכ׳ I declared them free for all people but not for thee, (see below). the same place (ibid.) לכ"ע אַפְקְרִינְהוּ he declared them indeed free for all. the same place (ibid.) 68ᵇ אַפְקוּרֵי מַפְקִיר להו presumably he has renounced ownership of them. Moed Katan 16ᵃ מַפְקְרִינָן נכסיה we (the court) declare his property ownerless; and frequently—Chullin 13ᵇ אשתו לא מַפְקַר his own wife will he (the Samaritan) not give up to prostitution, see below—participle passive מַפְקַר. Bava Metzia 30ᵇ לכ"ע מ׳ וכ׳ Munich manuscript (Manuscript Florence מִיפְּקַרIthpeel) it is made free to all, but not etc. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְפְּקַר, אִיפְּקַרto behave irreverently, disrespectfully. Moed Katan the passage cited אי מִתְפְּקַר בשליחא וכ׳ if he treats the messenger of the court with disrespect. the same place (ibid.) ההוא טבחא דאית׳ וכ׳ a butcher behaved irreverently towards R. etc. to prostitute one’s self. Sanhedrin 82ᵃ נשייהו ודאי לא מִיפְקְרֵי their (the Samaritans’) wives will surely not prostitute themselves; see above. ↗ original
פַּקְתָּא (נְפַק) going out, retiring (for a human need; compare יְצִיאָה). Esther Rabbah to 1, 8 אין אונס בפ׳ וכ׳ ‘there was no compulsion’, no restraint as to going out, because they drank immoderately etc. ↗ original
פִּקְתָא = בִּקְתָא, valley. Berachoth 34ᵇ bottom of the page Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition ב׳). the same place (ibid.) 54ᵃ; Nazir 43ᵇ פ׳ דערבות, see עֲרָבוֹת 2.—Chullin 31ᵃ דכולה פתקא (correct accordingly, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) of the entire valley. ↗ original
פָּר (Biblical Hebrew) bullock. Taanith 23ᵃ פַּר הודאה the sacrificial bullock on which the owner placing his hand makes confession and prayer. Yoma 3, 8 בא לו אצל פָּרוֹ he (the high priest) now stepped towards the bullock selected for his sacrifice. Bereshith Rabbah section 44 פר יוה"כ the bullock offered on the Day of Atonement; פר הבא על כל המצות the bullock which is offered by the high priest for every transgression of a command (Leviticus 4, 2 and the following). Bereshith Rabbah section 55; and frequently—plural פָּרִים. the same place (ibid.) section 44 הראה לו שלשה מיני פ׳ the Lord showed Abraham three kinds of bovine sacrifices. Parah 1, 2 פ׳ בני שתים by parim (as sacrifices) are meant beeves of two years of age; and frequently—Fem. פָּרָה cow. the same place (ibid.) 1 פ׳ בת שתים by parah is meant a heifer two years old, contradistinguished to עגלה.—Esp. פָּרַת חַטָּאת, or פרהthe red cow whose ashes were used for lustration (Numbers 19). the same place (ibid.) 2, 1. the same place (ibid.) 2 פ׳ שקרניה וכ׳ a red cow whose horns or hoofs are black. the same place (ibid.) 3, 1 כהן השורף את הפ׳ the priest designated to burn the red cow; and frequently—plural פָּרוֹת. Bereshith Rabbah section 55 … לבעל שתי פ׳ וכ׳ like a husbandman that has two cows, one strong etc.; and frequently—Parah, name of a treatise, of the Order of Kodashim, of Mishnah and Tosefta. ↗ original
פרא , Avodah Zarah 40ᵃ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see ארא↗ original
פֶּרֶאthe preceding) wild ass. Devarim Rabbah section 5 (referring to Jeremiah 2, 24) כשם שהפ׳ גדל וכ׳ (some edition שהעָרֹד) as the wild ass is raised in the desert and is without fear of man, so did I intend that no fear of governments should rest upon you; (Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 266 עָרוֹד). savage, cruel. Bereshith Rabbah section 45 (referring to Genesis 16, 12) פ׳ אדם וודאי וכ׳ ‘a savage among men’ in its literal sense, for all other plunder goods, but he (Edom-Rome) captures souls. ↗ original
פָּרָא 1 , plural (פְּרָא) פָּרַיָּיא [runners,] children of six or seven years of age. Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 5, 47ᵇ bottom of the page, see אִפְיוֹטוֹת. ↗ original
פָּרָא 2 (פְּרַר; compare נַכֵּי) less. Bereshith Rabbah section 20, end לפום חילך אכול ופ׳ מן מה דאת לביש וכ׳ spend according to thy means on eating, but less on clothing, and more on dwelling. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 4, 43ᵈ bottom of the page תבר כולהון פ׳ חד he broke all of them save one. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 2, 20ᵇ חמשא אלפין פ׳ מאת (read מאה) five thousand minus one hundred. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 6, 30ᵈ bottom of the page תרין חולקין פ׳ ציבחד a little less than two thirds. Ruth Rabbah to 3, 3 [read:] זרעה ואעל ועבדת פ׳ ממאה אמר ליה לא אמר מרי דהיא עבד׳ מאה כורין א"ל אין א"ל זרעית ואעלית ועבדת פ׳ ממאה אמר לו הן וכ׳ he sowed and harvested, and it brought less than one hundred kor. Said he to him, did you not say it brought one hundred kor? Said he, yes. Said he to him, I sowed and harvested, and it brought less than one hundred etc.; [perh. to be read פָּרֵי ממאה]. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 2, beginning 73ᵃ (explained סירוסים) חד פָּרָה חד (he reads) one verse less one, i.e. every other verse. ↗ original
פָּרָא 3 (παρά) with, for. Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 1, 57ᵃ bottom of the page, see אַגְרָפוֹס.—[פרא in compounds often separated, as פ׳ כורין פ׳ פורנון, see פָּרָאכוֹרִין, פָּרָאפוֹרְנוֹן etc.] ↗ original
פראדורין , read פַּרְאִדְרוֹן masculine (πάρεδρος, S., accus. form, or παρεδρεύων) familiar, regular visitor. Shemoth Rabbah section 33 … כל זמן … הוא הווה פ׳ לבית חמיו משנשאה אצלה so long as he has not married his betrothed, he is a visitor at the house of his father-in-law; after he has married her, her father comes to her. ↗ original
פראידתין , Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 1, 38ᶜ bottom of the page, read: פַּרְאִידְרִין, a gloss to פלהדרין, see פַּרְהֶדְרִין↗ original
פָּרָאכוֹרִין (παραχώριον) [neighborhood,] district. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 9, 38ᵈ bottom of the page (explained מדינה אחת, Misch. 9, 2) פרא כורין (combine; Musafia פָּרָכוֹרִין); see פְּרִיכוֹרִין. ↗ original
*פָּרָאסוֹפָאParasopha, Prosopha (Prosopa), supposed to be the name of a place near, or of a building in Tiberias. Bereshith Rabbah section 65 the arms of Jacob were as thick כתרין עמודין דיפרא סופא (combine; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) דפרוסופא; edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) דפרסופא) as the two columns of P.; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 115 דפרספא; (Tanchuma Vayḥi 6 כשני עמודים שבתיך דמוסין שבטבריא). ↗ original
פָּרָאפוּרְנוֹן (παράφερνον) that which a bride brings over and above her dower; also (see מוֹהַר) the wife’s additional settlement above the usual one(תוספת כתובה). Bereshith Rabbah section 80 (referring to Genesis 24, 12) מוהר פרנין מתן פ׳mohar is the endowment, mattan the addition; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 134 פרא פ׳ (combine). Bereshith Rabbah section 65 הבא לי מפ׳ שלי וכ׳ (not נין …) take it from my additional dower, for thus he has written in my contract etc.; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 114 מפורנין (correct accordingly). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 5, 30ᵇ פרא פרנין. the same place (ibid.) 7, 31ᶜ top הפדא פ׳ (correct accordingly). Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 5, 47ᵇ נכסים שהכניסה לו פרה פרנון property which she brought him above the dower, opposite בכתובתה corresponding to the amount of her settlement. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 5, 54ᵃ top פרה פ׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 5, end, 17ᵈ; and elsewhere ↗ original
פַּרְבָּר (late Biblical Hebrew; Hebr. Dictionary10 under the word) outworks, Parbar, name of a Temple precinct. Zevachim 55ᵇ (quoted I Chronicles 26, 18) לפר בר (Manuscript Rome 2 לפרבר, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 100), explained כמאן דאמר כלפי בר as one says, running towards the outside (see פְּרָא); Tamid 27ᵃ לפרבר.—5. פַּרְוָור. ↗ original
פָּרַג (compare פרח) to break through, sprout. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְרִיג (supply (understood word) זרע) to sprout, germinate, produce withered growth. Bamidbar Rabbah section 7 (referring to תפריחי, Isaiah 17, 11) בבקר … ומצא אותה שהִפְרִיגָה in the morning he went to look at it (the garden planted with cabbage) and found that it (its growth) had germinated (and the cabbage was ruined); בערב היית … הרי הִפְרַגְתְּ in the evening thou wast fine and excellent, and in the morning, behold, thou art ruined; (Vayikra Rabbah section 18 שהוריקה, see יָרַק). ↗ original
פְּרַג 1 (see the preceding) to bloom, be glad. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְפָּרָגto delight one’s self. Targum Psalms 119, 16 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אתפרנק; Hebrew text אשתעשע). ↗ original
פְּרַג 2to break, divide; (compare פרט, פרק, a. עָרף) to exchange. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 48, 14 (Hebrew text שכל). Targum Psalms 15, 4 manuscript (edition ישלחף; Hebrew text ימיר). the same place (ibid.) 106, 20; Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 32, 5; and elsewhere Pa'el פִּעֵל פָּרֵגsame, to redeem. Vayikra Rabbah section 25 רחמא … ומְפָרְגָא בדינרין he loves figs and exchanges for denars (pays a denar for each fig); Koheleth Rabbah to 2, 20 מְמָרְגָה. ↗ original
פרגא , Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 רבתי (חד מאת׳ 7) עוירא בחדא פ׳, read עינא or עינה, as further on. ↗ original
פַּרְגּוֹד (paragauda, παραγώδης of Semitic origin; פרגto divide, compare פָּרוֹכֶת) curtain. Kelim 29, 1 Maimonides (Rabbenu Shimshon tunic, see below).—Esp. (compare וִילוֹן) the curtain of heaven. Chagigah 15ᵃ כבר שמעתי מאחורי הפ׳ וכ׳ I have already heard from behind the Curtain, ‘Return, ye wayward children, all except Aḥer.’ Yoma 77ᵃ Munich manuscript (omitted in later editions; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 3). Bava Metzia 59ᵃ שלשה אין הפ׳ ננעל בפניהם there are three wrongs for which the Curtain is never closed (the outcries over them will not be unheeded).—Transferred the court, royal attendants. Mechilta Yithro, Baḥod., section 2 לא דומה שומע מפי פ׳ וכ׳ it is not the same to hear from the lips of attendants as to hear from the lips of the king himself; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 276. a certain garment, tunic. Bereshith Rabbah section 84 (explained כתנת הפסים, Genesis 37, 23). Shekalim 3, 2, see חָפַת; and elsewhere (compare אַוְורַקְסִין) a sort of breeches. Shabbath 120ᵃ שני פרגוד Munich manuscript (edition פרגד; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פַּרְגּוֹדִין) two (a pair of) breeches; (Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 16, 15ᵈ אבריקין). ↗ original
פַּרְגּוֹד ²curtain. Targum Job 26, 9. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 26, 31 (Hebrew text פרכת); and frequently tunic. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 37, 3; 23; see the preceding↗ original
פַּרְגּוֹל (adaptation of flagellum, φραγέλλιον; compare פַּרְכִּיל) whip, scourge; young vine shoot. Vayikra Rabbah section 32, beginning (referring to Zechariah 13, 6) מה לך לוקה בפ׳ וכ׳ why art thou whipped with the scourge? Because I made a Succah; Mechilta Yithro, Baḥod., section 6 מה לך לוקה מאה פ׳ (not מאפ׳) why art thou to get a hundred lashes?; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 292; Yalkut Shimoni Zechariah 581; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 12, end מה לך יוצא לידקר בפוראגון (edition Buber edition מה לך לוקה בפרוגין, correct accordingly). Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 4, 4 פ׳ שעשה בראשו וכ׳ a whip to the top of which a knob is attached to strike with it. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 5, beginning 15ᵃ אם היה עשוי כמין פ׳ (not טרגול) if the young shoot of the olive tree has the shape of a vine shoot (hanging down and knotted). ↗ original
*פִּרְגּוֹל (περίγρα) a pair of compasses. Kelim 29, 5 commentary or commentaries [probably whip, see the preceding]. ↗ original
פְּרַגְזִיּוֹת (compare פַּרְגּוֹד) tunics. Bereshith Rabbah section 56 אם כן כל אותן הפ׳ וכ׳ if so, shall all those fine tunics which thy mother has made be for Ishmael?; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 101 פרוגיאות (read: פְּרַגְזִיאוֹת; Levy Talmud Dictionary quotes פרגיות; the glossator has אונאות דברים, probably thinking of πράξις). ↗ original
פַּרְגַּזְתָּא , a woman’s dress, tunic. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, beginning 7ᵈ [read:] הורי לאילין דבית בר בון מיתן טלייה דמרגליתא על פ׳ permitted those (women) of the house of Bar Bun to put drops of pearls (beads) over the tunic. ↗ original
פְּרַגְמָטוֹטֵיס (πραγματευτής) trader, especially travelling merchant. Shemoth Rabbah section 19 ראו הפ׳ וכ׳ behold, that trader (that lodged with me) got up by night and took all my belongings with him. Koheleth Rabbah to 11, 1 פרגמטוזטוס, פרגמטוזטיס (correct accordingly). Vayikra Rabbah section 3, beginning רעותיה דמתקרי פ׳ it is his ambition to be called a man of business; Yalkut Shimoni Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 971 בר פרגמיטורא (correct accordingly, or בר פְּרַגְמַטְיָא); Koheleth Rabbah to 4, 6 (some edition פרגמטווטא); and frequently—plural פְּרגְמָטוֹטֵין, פְּרַגְמָטִיוְטִין (פְּרַגְמָטָטִין, טָטַיָּא …). Mechilta Yithro, Baḥod., section 2 (referring to לשָׂרִים, Psalms 45, 17, as though it were read לְשָׁרִים, see שְׁיָירָה) יכול פרגמיט׳ (correct accordingly) you may think this means travelling merchants; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 276 פרגמטיטין. Bereshith Rabbah section 76 מה אומנתכון פ׳ what is your trade? (We are) merchants. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Bayom, p. 195ᵃ. Pesikta Rabbati section 15 רמז לפרגמטטין וכ׳ this is a hint to travelling merchants and seafarers to remember and come home quickly; and frequently ↗ original
פְּרַגְמַטְיָא (πραγματεία) business; ware, goods. Bava Metzia 42ᵃ שליש בקרקע שליש בפ׳ וכ׳ (invest) one third in land, one third in business, and (retain) one third in ready money. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 6 הוו עסקין בפ׳ והוון נסבין וכ׳ engaged in business and dealt in silk; Bereshith Rabbah section 77. Shir HaShirim Rabbah the passage cited כל פ׳ שישראל עושין וכ׳ in whatever business Israelites are engaged and meet with success, they owe it to that dust which Jacob raised (when wrestling with the angel). Tanchuma Mishpatim 9 טול ממני … ותעשה פ׳ וכ׳ take from me a loan of one hundred thousand (zuz), and do business with it, and assign as security to me etc. the same place (ibid.) 5 כל פ׳ שאתה רואה וכ׳ whatever goods you find to be low and lying in the ground (despised), engage in it, for it will rise in the end. the same place (ibid.) הפסידה פ׳ שלך thy goods have gone down; and frequently ↗ original
פַּרְגְּרִיטָאParg’riṭa, surname of one R. Samuel. Devarim Rabbah section 2. ↗ original
פָּרַד (Biblical Hebrew) [to break through, run, see פֶּרֶד 2] to break apart; to separate. ʿUktsin 2, 6 הרמון שפְּרָדוֹ a pomegranate which one has cut in two (leaving the seeds in their sheathes; Maimonides: שפֵּרְדוֹ, Pi'el, the grains of which one loosened by drying).—participle passive פָּרוּד; feminine פְּרוּדָה; plural פְּרוּדִים, פְּרוּדִין; פְּרוּדוֹת. Sukkah 32ᵃ אם היה פ׳ וכ׳, see כָּפַת; Vayikra Rabbah section 30. Tohoroth 8, 8 אוכל פ׳ אינו וכ׳ eatables divided into pieces are not counted together (to make up the required size for levitical cleanness). the same place (ibid.) 9, 9 נמצא על גבי פ׳ (Maimonides פֵּירוּדִים) if the creeping thing is found on broken olives. the same place (ibid.) פ׳ על גבי פ׳ pieces on top of pieces; and frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְרָדto be separated, spread. Sukkah 3, 1 נִפְרְדוּ עליו if its leaves are spread, opposite to נפרצו. Horayoth 10ᵇ (referring to Proverbs 18, 1) זה לוט שנ׳ וכ׳ that means Lot, who separated himself from Abraham; and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל פֵּירֵדto separate, loosen. ʿUktsin 2, 6, see above. Tosefta Shevi'ith 6, 29 מְפָרְדִין (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) a. other מְפָרְרִין), see פֶּרֶד I. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 2, 11ᵇ bottom of the page המְפָרֵד בגרוגרות who separates dried figs; and elsewhere Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְרִידto separate, estrange. Bereshith Rabbah section 20 (referring to Proverbs 16, 28) שה׳ אלופו של עולם he (the serpent) caused the friend of the world (the Divine Presence) to withdraw; [Matt. K.; estranged the prince of the world (Adam, from God)]. (neut. verb) to branch off. Bereshith Rabbah section 16 מפְרִיד ‘Rashi’; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 801, see פְּרָת. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְפָּרֵד,Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְפָּרֵדto separate one’s self; to be scattered. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 92, 10 יִתְפָּרְדוּ כמוץ וכ׳ let them be scattered like chaff before the wind; and elsewhere (of pomegranates) to be cut apart. Orlah 3, 8 נִתְפָּרְדוּ וכ׳ if the pomegranates are cut; Tosefta Terumoth 5, 10. ↗ original
פְּרַד , to separate, scatter. Targum Proverbs 11, 24 (edition Vilna edition פָּרֵר, correct accordingly; Hebrew text מפזר). Targum Isaiah 58, 6.—participle pass. פָּרִיד; feminine פָּרִידָאdriven off. Targum Proverbs 4, 16.—5. פְּרִידְתָּא. Pa'el פִּעֵל פָּרֵדsame. participle pass. מְפָרַדdriven off, chased. Targum Isaiah 13, 14. Af'el הִפְעִיל אַפְרֵדto make unsteady, bewilder. Targum Proverbs 7, 10. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְפְּרַד, אִיפְּרִידto be chased off; to flee. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 31, 40.—Menachoth 43ᵃ איפרד חזותיה (read אִיפְרְדָא) its color fled (faded). to be scattered, spread. Targum Job 41, 9 (manuscript מתפרש׳).—Sukkah 32ᵃ (explained נפרדו, see the preceding) דאִיפְּרוּד אִפָּרוּדֵי the leaves are spread. ↗ original
פֶּרֶד 1 (the preceding) a part, especially (collect. noun) split and dried pomegranates. Maasroth 1, 6 הפ׳ והצימוקין וכ׳ dried pomegranates and raisins etc. Tosefta Shevi'ith 6, 29 מפרדין רימונים לעשותן פ׳ (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) מְפָרְרִין … פֶּרֶר; variant reading פרך; some edition פריך, correct accordingly) you may (in the Sabbatical year) cut pomegranates to make them pered. Tosefta Terumoth 3, 16 רימונים ועתיד לעשותן פ׳ variant reading edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) פראנר; other edition כרי, correct accordingly) if one gives T’rumah of pomegranates (intended for sale), with the intention eventually to cut and store them as pered; and elsewhere ↗ original
פֶּרֶד 2the preceding words) [runner, wild; see Delitzsch, Prolegomena p. 94] mule. Pesachim 54ᵃ אף האור והפ׳ also fire and the mule (were created on the sixth day at twilight). the same place (ibid.) הביא שתי … ויצא מהן פ׳ Adam took two (heterogeneous) animals … and from them came forth a mule. Tosefta Kilayim 5, 5 לא יקשור סוס לפ׳ ופ׳ וכ׳ one must not tie a horse to a mule or a mule to an ass; and elsewhere—Fem. פִּרְדָּה, פִּי׳ (also for the male). Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 8, 12ᵇ ויצא מהן פ׳, see above; Bereshith Rabbah section 82 end ויצאת … פ׳. the same place (ibid.) פ׳ לבנה a white mule. Tosefta Kilayim 5, 6 אסור לרכוב ע"ג פי׳ it is forbidden to ride on the back of a mule. Megillah 13ᵇ (play on מפרד, Esther 3, 8) כפְּרִידָה וכ׳ (the Jews are) like the mule that is unproductive. Bereshith Rabbah section 41 (play on הפרד, Genesis 13, 9) מה הפ׳ הזו אינה קולטת זרע וכ׳ as the mule does not breed the semen she receives, so it is impossible for this man (Lot) to mix with the seed of Abraham. the same place (ibid.) אברהם פ׳ עקרה, see עָקָר; and elsewhere—plural פִּרְדּוֹת, פִּירְ׳. Tosefta Kilayim 5, 5 כל הפ׳ כולן וכ׳ all mules (whether the sire be a horse or an ass) are considered one genus (may be harnessed together); Chullin 79ᵃ. Bereshith Rabbah section 64; and elsewhere ↗ original
פרדוכוס , read: פְּרִידֶכְסְיוֹס masculine (περιδέξιος) dexterous, clever. Bereshith Rabbah section 60 פרדוכוס (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פרדוכסוס); Ruth Rabbah to 2, 1 פרדכ׳; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 109 פרדיכוס; Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) I פארדוכסו׳; see אפדכסיס. ↗ original
פָּרָדִיגְמָטָא (παράδειγμα, ατος) an example, exposure to public shame. Tanchuma, edition Buber edition, Lekh 7 (referring to 2 Samuel 10, 4) ועשה אותם פ׳ and made them a public disgrace; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 730 פדרגימט׳ (correct accordingly). Yalkut Shimoni Kings 249 החזיר אותו בכל ערי בפרדימא … וקרע את החמור וכ׳ (some edition בפרדימס, correct accordingly) he carried him around all cities of Israel as a public shame, and then put him to death, and took the ass and tore it open and buried etc.; Vayikra Rabbah section 19 וישב עליו בפרדימ׳. ↗ original
פַּרְדִּיסְקֵי 1 (a corruption of παρατάξις, see Ducange Glossary Gr., see Ducange Glossary Gr. 1531) soldiers, police. Bereshith Rabbah section 94, end שדר פ׳ בתריה he (the royal officer) sent the police after him to arrest him.—5. פַּרְדַּשְׁכָּא. ↗ original
פַּרְדִּיסְקֵי 2 (see next word) casks. Avodah Zarah 65ᵇ פ׳ נקיטי בהדייהו Munich manuscript (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note; edition דמייתו פריסדקי וכ׳) they had brought casks with them (instead of leather bottles; Rashi: besides the leather bottles, in reserve for eventual mishaps to the latter). ↗ original
פַּרְדִּיסְקִים (a corruption of πυργίσκος, see פַּרְדּסְקִין) casks. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 2, 61ᶜ bottom of the page פ׳ היו מעשנין וכ׳ (not קיס …) they filled casks with smoke of spices on the day before the Holy Day, and when the guests came, they opened them; Tosefta Betzah 2, 14 פַּרְטַסְקָאוֹת (variant reading עדרס׳, ערדס׳, see עַרְדַּסְקוֹס). ↗ original
פַּרְדַּכְתְּ (Pers. pardâkhta, Perl. Et. St. p. 18) idle, man of leisure, one exempt from state taxes. Bava Bathra 55ᵃ פ׳ מסייע מתא a pardakht is bound to contribute towards the maintenance of the local institutions. ↗ original
פַּרְדָּנִית (פָּרַד; compare פֶּרֶד 2) a woman that goes out alone, run-about. Tanchuma Vayesheb 6 לא מן הרגל שלא תהא פדרנית (transpos. of פרד׳) the Lord did not create woman out of Adam’s foot, that she might no be inclined to run about; (Bereshith Rabbah section 18, and elsewhere פַּרְסָנִית). Tanchuma Vayishl. 5 בשביל שהיתה רגילה פדר׳ וכ׳ because she was in the habit of going out alone, she brought disgrace upon herself. Ylamdenu to Genesis 34, 1, quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פרדנית, as variant reading of פרסנית which see ↗ original
פַּרְדֵּס see Ges. Hebr. Dictionary10 under the word) enclosure, park, pleasure garden. Tosefta Betzah 1, 10 החיה שקינתה בפ׳ game which nests in a park. Sotah 10ᵃ (referring to אשל, Genesis 21, 33) עשה פ׳ ונטע וכ׳ he made a garden and planted therein etc.; Bereshith Rabbah section 54; and elsewhere—Transferred enclosure in heaven, esoteric philosophy. Chagigah 14ᵇ ארבעה נכנסו לפ׳ וכ׳ four men entered the enclosure (engaged in esoteric philosophy), one cast a look and died etc.; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 3; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 77ᵇ top of the page—plural פַּרְדֵּסוֹת, פַּרְדֵּי׳. Arachin 3, 2 (14ᵃ) פ׳ סבסטי the pleasure gardens of Sebaste, see חוֹלַת; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 8. Pesachim 56ᵃ פורצין ובפַרְדְּסוֹתֵיהֶן … (some edition ובפַרְדְּסֵיהֶן) made openings in their gardens and orchards; Menachoth 71ᵃ; Tosefta Pesachim 2 (3), 21; and elsewhere ↗ original
פַּרְדֵּס ² Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 21, 33 (Hebrew text אשל, see the preceding).—Bava Metzia 103ᵃ if a person says, lend me thy hoe למירפק ביה האי פ׳ … ההוא פ׳ to dig up this garden with it, he is allowed to use it for that garden only; פ׳ … כל פ׳ וכ׳ if he says, ‘a garden’, he may use it for any garden he chooses.—plural פַּרְדֵּסִין, פַּרְדְּסַיָּא; פַּרְדֵּי׳, פַּרְדֵּיסֵי. Targum Judges 4, 5. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 14, 10 (Hebrew text השדים). Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 2, 5; and elsewhere—Bava Metzia the passage cited פ׳ רפיק ואזיל כל פ׳ וכ׳ if he says, ‘to dig up gardens’, he may use it for all the gardens he has. ↗ original
פַּרְדַּסְקִין (a corruption of πυργίσκος = armarium, see Fränkel, Zeitschr. feminine Assyriol., April 1894, p. 8) a chest in the wall, closet. Tosefta Oholoth 7, 13 תיבה שעשאה פ׳ Rabbenu Shimshon to Oholoth 6, 7 (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) פרסטק׳, פרסתק׳) a chest which one put up in the wall as a closet. the same place (ibid.) 14 פ׳ שהוא פתוח וכ׳ a closet standing open in a locked room. the same place (ibid.) 15; Oholoth 6, 7 רואין את הפ׳ כאילו הוא וכ׳ (edition Dehr. כאילו הם וכ׳) we consider the closet as if it were a solid wall.—plural פַּרְרַּסְקִין. the same place (ibid.)—5. פַּרְדִּיסְקִים. ↗ original
פַּרְדַּשְׁכָּא (a further corruption of פַּרְדִּיסְקֵי I, see Perl. Et. St. p. 132) officer, policeman. Megillah 12ᵇ (referring to Esther 1, 22) פשיטא אפי׳ קרחה בביתיה פ׳ ליהוי (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פרדכ׳; Munich manuscript פרדנ׳, read כ for נ; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) is it not a matter of course? Even a weaver—in his house he must be the police; Yalkut Shimoni Esther 1051. Shabbath 94ᵃ ההוא פ׳ דרתח וכ׳ (Munich manuscript פרשדכא) a certain officer with whom the king was wroth.—[Yalkut Shimoni Esther 1053 פרדשכי, see next word] ↗ original
פַּרְדַּשְׁנָא (פרדש, enlargement of פרד) gift on parting, dismissal, farewell present. Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Joshua 2) שדר פ׳ לביתיה he sent a souvenir to his house (see פִּיטְרָא 2). Sanhedrin 94ᵇ להאי פ׳, see דָּשְׁנָא; Yalkut Shimoni Kings 235 פרדיש׳.—plural פַּרְרַּשְׁנֵי, פַּרְדִּישְׁ׳. Megillah 13ᵃ שדר פ׳ ולא גליא ליה he (Ahasverus) sent farewell gifts (for Esther’s friends), but she did not reveal to him (her kindred); Yalkut Shimoni Esther 1053 פרדשכי (correct accordingly). Avodah Zarah 71ᵃ הני פרסאי משדרי פ׳ those Persians send one another farewell gifts, and never reclaim them (considering possession by lifting (מְשִׁיכָה) final; other defin.: send samples etc., considering acceptance of samples final purchase). ↗ original
פַּרְהֲגַבְנָא (a Babylonian corruption of parangaria, see פַּרְהַנְגַּרְיָא) the office of public service, supply (understood word) בעלthe suprintendent of public labors, in gen. tax collector. Bava Kamma 117ᵃ מסרה לפרהגב׳ דמלכא Munich manuscript (edition פַּרְהַגְנָא; Manuscript Hamburg פרהגמוניא; Manuscript Rome פַּרְהַנְגָּא; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) he surrendered it (the object of litigation) to the royal office (or officer, for confiscation). Eruvin 36ᵇ הא בפ׳ וכ׳ (edition Soncino בפרח גבאני דמלכא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 100; Rashi בפרהגבני) in the one case the officer of public service is meant (by נכרים), in the other, the town officers. Bava Metzia 83ᵇ אשכח לההוא פ׳ דמלכא וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition פרהגונא only) he met the royal officer who was seizing thieves (persons without regular occupations) for the public service; compare אַנְּגְּרַבְטֵיס.—plural פַּרְהֲגַבְנֵי, see above. ↗ original
פרהדיא , Berachoth 56ᵃ בפ׳ דדהבא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. manuscript Beth N.; Manuscript Florence פרח׳ (different interpretation or differently interpreted version in edition; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 60) a clerical error for ברֵיחַיָּא, as in Munich manuscript ↗ original
פַּרְהֶדְרִין (πάρεδροι) assessors, counsellors. Yoma 1, 1 (2ᵃ) לשכת פ׳ (Mishnah edition פַּלְ׳, Yerushalmi (prefix) edition פר׳) the counsellors’ cell, name of an apartment in the Temple precincts. the same place (ibid.) 8ᵇ בתחלה … כפ׳ הללו וכ׳ formerly it was called the senators’ cell (בולווטי), but when they began to pay money for (the higher offices of) the priesthood, and they were changed from year to year like the parhedroi who are appointed for one year, they named it etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 38ᶜ עכשיו קורין אותה לשכת פלהדרין פראידתין (read: פראידרין, a gloss) now they call it the cell of the palhedrin (paredrin). Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 9ᵃ מתוך שפ׳ הללו חובטין וכ׳ because those assessors (market commissioners) strike them (the bakers) and say, sell cheap etc. the same place (ibid.) מאי פ׳ וכ׳, see פּוֹרָסָא. ↗ original
פַּרְהַנְגַּרְיָא (parangaria, see אַנְגַּרְיָא) a public service over and above that which one is bound to render, extra service (which is paid for). Gittin 44ᵃ המוכר עבדו לפרהנג גוי וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition נכרי, read: לפרהנגריא) if a man sells (rents out) his slave for extra service, he becomes a freedman (after he is dismissed from the service). the same place (ibid.) בפ׳ שאינה חוזרת it means the service in an expedition that does not come back to the same place (so that the owner lets the slave go out of his control). ↗ original
פַּרְהֶסְיָא (παῤῥησία) free speech, frankness. Devarim Rabbah section 2, end אבל ביוה"כ … הן אומרים אותו בפ׳ וכ׳ but on the Day of Atonement … they say it openly (in a loud voice), Blessed be the name of his glorious kingdom, (opposite בלחישה (see חֲשַׁאי).—Esp. בפ׳publicly, opposite בצינעה. the same place (ibid.) אל תתקשטי בה בפ׳ וכ׳ do not adorn thyself with it in public, but only in the house. Sanhedrin 74ᵃ אבל בפ׳ אפי׳ מצוה וכ׳ but if a Jew is forced to transgress a religious law in public, he must surrender his life even for a minor law; the same place (ibid.)ᵇ וכמה פ׳ and the presence of how many is required to call it a public act? the same place (ibid.) אין פ׳ פחותה וכ׳ a public is no less than ten persons. the same place (ibid.) והא אסתר פ׳ הואי but was not Esther’s act (when she was forced to marry king Ahasverus) a public one? Chagigah 5ᵃ (referring to Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 12, 14) זה הנותן צדקה לעני בפ׳ this refers to one who gives charity to a poor man in public (the Lord judges whether this be a good or a bad deed). ↗ original
פַּרְוָאparva, name of an unclean bird. Chullin 62ᵇ פ׳ … וסימניך פ׳ אמגושא p. is forbidden, and thy mnemonical sign be, Parva is the name of a magian; see פַּרְוָה. ↗ original
פרודתקיון , Targum 2 Esther 6, 10, a corruption for פְּרוֹסְטַקְסִין (πρόσταξις) ordinances. ↗ original
פַּרְוָהParva, name of a Persian builder and magian, from whom a compartment in the Temple was supposed to have been named: לִשְׁכַּת הַפּ׳ or בֵּית הַפַּ׳. Middoth 5, 3. Yoma 3, 3; 6; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 20. Yoma 35ᵃ, see אַמְגּוּשָׁא; Chullin 62ᵇ, see פַּרְוָא. [Our word is perh. identical with פַּרְוָור.] ↗ original
פַּרְוָון (see פּוּרְיָא 2) litters. Targum Isaiah 49, 22 (Hebrew text כתף). ↗ original
פַּרְוַונְקָא (Pers. parwânaḳ) letter-carrier, forerunner, messenger. Sukkah 48ᵇ יומא חד שבקוך ושויוך פ׳ (Munich manuscript שבקתך, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) one day they will send thee off (from heaven) and make thee a runner (to show the way). Sanhedrin 38ᵇ אפי׳ בפ׳ נמי לא קבילניה even as a guide we refused to accept him. Avodah Zarah 28ᵃ, see עֵנַבְתָּא. Sanhedrin 82ᵃ, and frequently (a proverbial expression) קריינא דאגרתא איהו ליהוי פ׳ let him who dictates the letter be the carrier, i.e. let him who gives the advice be its executor. ↗ original
פַּרְוָור see Ges. H. Dictionary10 under the word פַּרְבָּר; compare, however, [open place,] outwork, court, market. Challah 4, 11 הקונה בסוריא כקונה בפ׳ שבירושלים Mishnah edition (Babylonian edition בפַרְוָוד; Yerushalmi (prefix) edition בפַרְוַוד ירוש׳; Munich manuscript בפַרְוָורֵי) he who owns land in Syria is under the same obligations as if he owned land in the outskirts of Jerusalem; Gittin 8ᵇ בפַרְוָארֵי); Tosefta Terumoth 2, 10 פרואר edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading פרוארי, פרוד; פרוזדר, correct accordingly). Tosefta Avodah Zarah 7 (8), 10 פרואר שישראל וכ׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading פרזר, פרזא, correct accordingly) a market to which an Israelite and a gentile bring wine; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, end, 44ᵇ פרכיי׳ של עיר (read: פּרְבָּרָהּ, or פַּרְוָורָהּ). Bereshith Rabbah section 68 עולים … יושב ודן ויוצאין בפרווד ומוצאים אותו ישן (some edition בפַרְוָד; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) בפרוור a. with different interpretation or differently interpreted version) they go up to the forum and find him (the king) sitting in judgment; they come out to the outskirts (his country seat) and find him asleep; and elsewhere—plural פַּרְוָורִים, construct state פַּרְוָורֵי, פַּרְוָארֵי, see above. ↗ original
פַּרְוָורָא Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 3, 74ᵃ bottom of the page ההן פ׳ מהו וכ׳ is it permitted to cross the court (of a synagogue, to use it as a shortcut)? the same place (ibid.) [read:] עבר פ׳ דבי מדרשא crossed the court of a school house.—plural פַּרְוָורַיָּא, פַּרְוָרַ׳. Targum Ezekiel 27, 28 (Hebrew text מגרשות). the same place (ibid.) 26, 15 (Hebrew text איים); the same place (ibid.) 18. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 25, 34 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition פַּרְוִילֵי).—Kethuboth 54ᵃ בבל וכל פַרְוָורָהָא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition פַּרְוָודָהָא) Babylonia and all her dependencies (the places following her usages); נהרדעא וכל פרוורהא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition פַּרְוָודָהִי) Nehardea and all her dependencies. ↗ original
פַּרְוָותָא (see the preceding words) outworks; port, market place. Targum 2 Esther 1, 2, end פ׳ ברייאתא וכ׳ variant reading (edition Lagarde edition פורטתא; other edition פנדתא, variant reading פדוו׳, correct accordingly) the outer precincts etc.—Bava Metzia 73ᵇ פ׳ דוולשפט the market of etc., see בֵּלְשָׁפָט; Bava Bathra 98ᵃ. Chullin 95ᵇ פ׳ דגוים הוואי it was a market attended mostly by gentiles. Rosh Hashanah 23ᵃ; Yoma 77ᵃ, see מָשְׁמָהִיג.—plural פַּרְוָותָא. Rosh Hashanah the passage cited ↗ original
פָּרוּז (פָּרז) = Biblical Hebrew פְּרָזִי, one residing in an open place, opposite מוקף. Megillah 19ᵃ פ׳ בן יומו קרוי פ׳ one living in an open place for that one day (Purim) is called a paruz (bound to celebrate the fourteenth day of Adar, Esther 9, 19); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 73ᵇ top פ׳ הוא באותה שעה (not היה) he is a paruz for the time being. ↗ original
פְּרוּזְבּוּטֵי (πρεσβευταῖ) ambassadors. Shemoth Rabbah section 5 יום פ׳ של פרעה וכ׳ it was Pharaoh’s day of reception of ambassadors etc.; Tanchuma Vaëra 5 פרוזבטיא (correct accordingly). Megillah 15ᵃ and the following זה בא בפרוזבולי וזה בא בפ׳ (Munich manuscript בפרוס בולי בפרוס ביטי …) the one (Haman) had come to court as a member of the boulé (senate, πρὸς βουλῇ), and the other (Mordecai) as one of the legates (to plead for the building of the Temple); Yalkut Shimoni Esther 1045 ומשם ירדי פ׳ וכ׳ (not ירד פרוזבי׳) and from there they (Mordecai and Haman) went down (to Shushan) as legates etc.; אמרו ישראל … לפיכך יֵרֵד פְרוּזְבּוּטָן כנגדו (not פרוזבוטו) the Israelites said, Mordecai is …, therefore let him go as our legate against him (Haman); Yalkut Shimoni Amos 545 פרווטי׳ (correct accordingly); see next article↗ original
פְּרוּזְבּוּטֵיס (πρεσβευτής, see the preceding) ambassador, legate. Shemoth Rabbah section 42 מדינה ששלחה פ׳ לעטר וכ׳ (not טים …) a province that sent a legate to offer a crown to the king. Tanchuma Vayigg. 6 שלח יהורה פרוזבטים אצלו (correct accordingly) he (Jacob) sent Judah as an ambassador to him (Joseph). Yalkut Shimoni Esther 1058 שונאי הוא שירדתי עמו בפ׳ he (Mordecai) is my enemy, since I came down with him (from Palestine) as a legate (to plead against the building of the Temple, see the preceding).—pluralפְּרוּזְבּוּטִין. Ylamdenu to Deuteronomy 1, 1, quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פרזבטין, see פְּרוֹזְבִּיטְרוֹן.—Greek plural פְּרוּזְבּוּטֵי which see ↗ original
פְּרוֹזְבֹּול (an abbreviated or abbreviation of πρὸς βουλῇ βουλευτῶν, see בּוּלְבּוּטֵיס) prosbul, a declaration made in court, before the execution of a loan, to the effect that the law of limitation by the entrance of the Sabbatical year shall not apply to the loan to be transacted. Shevi'ith 10, 4; Gittin 36ᵃ זהו גופו של פ׳ מוסרני לכם וכ׳ this is the body (formula) of a prosbol, ‘I declare before you—, judges in the place—, that I shall collect any debt that I may have outstanding with—, whenever I desire,’ and this is attested by the judges or witnesses. Shevi'ith 10, 3 פ׳ אינו משמט the prosbol has the effect of preventing limitation; כשראה התקין הלל פ׳ … when he observed that people refused to loan to one another and thus violated what is written in the Law (Deuteronomy 15, 9), Hillel introduced the prosbol. Gittin 36ᵇ כי התקין הלל פ׳ לדריה וכ׳ when Hillel instituted the prosbol, did he ordain it for his time only or for all time to come? Shevi'ith 10, 5 פ׳ המוקדם כשר וכ׳ a prosbol written out before the loan is legal, if after the loan, it is illegal. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 8, 10; and frequently—plural פְּרוֹזְבּוּלִין, פְּרוֹזְבְּלִין, פְּרוֹסְ׳. Tosefta Bava Bathra 11, 7. Tosefta Bava Metzia 1, 9. ↗ original
פְּרוֹזְבּוּלָא Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 9, end, 33ᵃ אשכח פ׳ … והוה פרי מיתן ליה found the prosbol of R. J. and ran to hand it to him. Gittin 36ᵇ, see עוּלְבַּן. ↗ original
פְּרוּזְבִּין (πρέσβις, later form for πρεσβεύτης) ambassadors. Bereshith Rabbah section 74, end נטל … ושלח פ׳ לפניו he took some of each party of angels and sent an embassy before him; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 130. ↗ original
פְּרוּזְדָּאוֹת (an adapt. of praesidia) posts, guards. Taanith 28ᵃ הושיבו פ׳ על הדרכים וכ׳ (Munich manuscript פרדסייות, פרדסייא; Munich manuscript 2 פַּרְסַדְיָאוֹת, פַּרְסִידָאוֹת, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) notes 7, 9) they placed guards on the roads as Joroboam had done to prevent pilgrims etc.; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4 (3), 7 פרדסיאות, פרדסאות (variant reading פרסדיאות); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, 68ᵇ bottom of the page פרסדאות; Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 946 פרדסיא׳. Taanith 30ᵇ יום שביטל … פרוסדיות (Munich manuscript פרדסייאות) on the day that Hosea … removed the guards which Joroboam etc.; Bava Bathra 121ᵇ פרדסאות (Manuscript Rome פרדסיאות, פרדסיות); Gittin 88ᵃ פרדסיאות. Moed Katan 28ᵇ פרדסאות. ↗ original
פְּרוֹזְדּוֹר (πρόθυρον; θ rendered by זד) verandah, vestibule. Targum I Kings 7, 7 פרוסדא (edition Lagarde edition פורסדא; correct accordingly).—Avoth 4, 16 העולם חזה דומה לפ׳ וכ׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) לפרוס׳) this world is like a vestibule to the world to come; prepare thyself in the vestibule etc. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 12 בא וישב עליה בפ׳ he (the king) came and sat down in judgment over it on the verandah (in the sight of all people).—Transferred the forepart of female genitals, the lower end of the vagina or uterus. Niddah 2, 5. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 9 פרסדיר edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading פרוזדור). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 50ᵃ; and elsewhere ↗ original
פָּרוֹחָא (פְּרַח) mosquito or gnat.—plural פָּרוֹחֵי. Niddah 17ᵃ, see בָּאלֵי. flying hair, curl.—plural as ab. Shabbath 57ᵇ see בִּזְיוּנָא I. ↗ original
פְּרוּטָה (פָּרַט) small change, in gen. money. Sanhedrin 97ᵃ (the Messiah will not come) עד שתכלה פ׳ מן הכיס until the money is gone from the bag (general poverty will prevail). Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Baḥod., p. 101ᵇ; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 271 בראשונה שהיתה הפ׳ מצויה וכ׳ (not בראשון) formerly when money was plentiful, people were anxious to hear a word of the Mishnah etc. (legal discussions), ועכשיו שאין הפ׳ מצויה וכ׳ but now when money is scarce (Israel is poor) …, people want to hear a word of the Bible etc. (cheering the soul); and frequently—Esp. p’ruṭah, a small coin, one eighth of the as(אִיסָר). Kiddushin 1, 1. Shevuoth 6, 1; Bava Metzia 4, 7 שוה פ׳ the value of a P’ruṭah; and very frequently—Nedarim 33ᵇ קא מהני ליה פ׳ דרב יוסף he gains the poor man’s penny of R. Joseph (who considers the keeper of a lost object a paid guardian, because, while engaged in one religious work, he is exempt from every other religious duty that may arise).—plural פְּרוּטוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 58ᵈ bottom of the page Bava Metzia the passage cited חמש פ׳ הן there are five cases in which the value of a P’ruṭah is legally recognized. the same place (ibid.) 55ᵃ אין אונאה לפ׳ there is no redress in cases of overreaching where the claim is only P’ruṭahs (less than one as). the same place (ibid.) 46ᵃ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition פְּרוֹטְטוֹת). Pesachim 50ᵇ ארבעה פ׳ אין בהן וכ׳ in four pennies (ways of earning a livelihood) there is never a sign of blessing etc.; and frequently drop.—plural as ab. Kelim 2, 6 מוציא פ׳ a vessel letting liquid out in drops, dropping-bottle.—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 8, 31ᶜ bottom of the page, see פְּרוּטִיּוֹת]. ↗ original
פְּרוֹטוֹגַמְיָא (πρωτογάμια, compare πρωτόγαμος) being just married. שבת של פ׳the first Sabbath after a wedding. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 4, 24ᵃ top of the page (by confusion with προγάμια) sacrifice before the wedding, in gen. wedding preliminaries; in a transferred sense preliminary events. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 14, end וקבעו פ׳ ביום פלני (not פרוסט׳) and they appointed a certain day for the progamia; ומי מעכב פ׳ and what is the cause of the delay (of the wedding)? The progamia; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 663 פרוזטוגמא (correct accordingly). Vayikra Rabbah section 11, beginning (referring to Ezekiel 39, 9) ואותן שבע שנים הן הן פ׳ (not פרטגמיא) and these seven years (preceding the advent of the Messiah) are the progamia of the righteous in the days to come; וסימנך דעביד פ׳ אכיל משתותא and thy mnemonical sign be, he who prepares (takes part in) the progamia will have a share in the wedding festival; Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 944 פרוטיגמא (correct accordingly); דאכל פ׳ וכ׳ he who eats of the progamia etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 4, end, 35ᶜ ↗ original
פְּרוֹטוֹמִי (προτομή) bust, especially the imperial bust of the Roman standards, to which divine honors were paid (see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Signa, a. Joseph. B. J. 2, 9; 2). Shemoth Rabbah section 15 [read:] שלח המלך פ׳ שלו למדינה וכ׳ the king sent his bust to a province that they should put up his images (copies of that bust) etc.; אין אנו כורעין לפניו אלא בשביל פ׳ וכ׳ we do not bow before it (the wood) for its own sake, but for the sake of the king’s bust which is portrayed on it.—plural פְּרוֹטוֹמִין. Tanchuma Shof’tim 9 (read as edition Buber edition 8) בשעה שהקב"ה ידין את אומות העולם תופשן לדין הן ואלהיהן ומעמיד להם פ׳ וכ׳ (edition פרטומין, some edition פרמוטין, edition Buber edition פיטומין, correct accordingly) when the Lord shall judge the nations of the world, he will arrest them and their gods, and put up their busts, and bring in the tablets with the ten commandments, and ask them, did they (the nations) ever care for you? etc. ↗ original
פְּרוֹטְטוֹת (see פְּרוּטָה) [drops,] uncoined pieces of metal used for change. Bava Metzia 46ᵃ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פרוטות). ↗ original
פְּרוֹטִי (πρωτή) first (class). Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 3, 40ᵈ top ואין שני שבפילוסין … משם מילה דשמעה פ׳ is not second class Pelusium linen better than first class Indian? but (the latter is preferred) because of the thing which is named ‘first.’ the same place (ibid.) (as regards oil, referring to Menachoth 8, 5). ↗ original
פְּרוּטִיּיוֹת common gender plural a sort of hybrids, mules of which it is unknown whether their sires were horses and their mothers asses or the reverse Kilayim 8, 5; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 31ᶜ bottom of the page הפרוטות (correct accordingly). ↗ original
פְּרוֹטִיקְטוֹר (protector) one of the royal life-guard. Shemoth Rabbah section 37 Musafia ↗ original
פְּרוֹטְרוֹט (פָּרַט) units, odd sum, detail number. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 23 חמשה עשר אלף ופ׳ fifteen thousand and an odd sum (less than one thousand); [read:] וכמה הוא פ׳ שבע מאות ושמונים ותשע and how much was that odd sum (over fifteen thousand)? Seven hundred and eighty-nine. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, end, 64ᶜ היו מוצאין עצמן … ופ׳ (not עצמו) they found that they had lost upwards of fifteen thousand; Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 32, end ט"ו אלף בפ׳ (correct accordingly); Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Z’ʿera) (correct accordingly). Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 5, beginning 53ᵈ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 2, 46ᶜ, and the following במכנס פ׳ (not פרוטרות) when he piles up the coins one by one. Bechoroth 5ᵃ לא מנאן הכתוב אלא בפ׳ the Scripture counts them only by single Manehs (not by Kikkars); Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 1, end, 19ᵈ ואתעביד ליה פ׳ it is counted by single Manehs. Tosefta Bava Metzia 4, 17 if he says, הילך מנה ואינו יכול לעמוד על הפ׳ ‘here is a Maneh for thee (as thy share in the profits)’, but is unable to give a detailed account; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, 10ᵇ שאינו … כפ׳ (correct accordingly). Tosefta Maʿǎser Sheni 2, 10 אלא אם כן יש עמו פראטרוט edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading פרוטרט; correct accordingly) unless he has with him an itemized account (of the ready money and of the value of the products). ↗ original
פַּרְוַיִם (Biblical Hebrew) Parvayim, name of a district or place known for its gold mines. Bamidbar Rabbah section 11 מהו פ׳ שהיה עושה פירות why is it named gold of P.? Because the trees made of it in the Temple bore fruit (see Yoma 21ᵇ). Bamidbar Rabbah section 12; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 10 אדום (ו)דומה לדם הפׄרׄ it was red and looked like the blood of a bullock. Sanhedrin 103ᵇ יש לנו זהב פרויים וכ׳ we have Parvayim gold …, let him take away his light; and elsewhere—[Bamidbar Rabbah section 12 עשו לה פרוים, מן פ׳, read: פִּרְיוֹם.] ↗ original
פָּרוֹכֶתcurtain, (also collect. noun) curtains. Yoma 5, 1 לא היתה שם אלא פ׳ אחת only one curtain was there (in the Second Temple, between the Holy and the Holy of Holies). the same place (ibid.) מהלך … עם הפ׳ he walked to the left alongside the curtain. the same place (ibid.) 4; and frequently—plural פָּרוֹכוֹת, פָּרֹכוֹת, פָּרוֹכֶת. the same place (ibid.) 1 (51ᵇ) שתי הפ׳ המבדילות וכ׳ (Talmud edition הפרוכת, manuscript L. הפרכות) the two curtains which formed the partition between …, and between which was a space of one cubit (see טְרַכְסִין). Shekalim 5, 1 על הפרכות (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition הפרוכת) superintendent over the manufacture of the Temple curtains; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 49ᵃ ממונה על אורגי פ׳. Kethuboth 106ᵃ י"ג פרכות היו וכ׳ there were thirteen curtains in the (Second) Temple; Yoma 54ᵃ פרוכת. the same place (ibid.) פ׳ דבבי the curtains at the Temple gates; and frequently—Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 41 פָּרֹכִיּוֹת שחורות black curtains. ↗ original
פָּרוּכְתָּא Targum Onkelos Exodus 26, 31; and frequently—plural פָּרוֹכָתָא. Targum 2 Samuel 21, 19 Kimḥi (edition Lagarde edition פָּרוֹכְיָת, construct state; edition Vilna edition פָּרוֹכֶת, read פָּרוֹכָת). ↗ original
פְּרוֹמָאָה (פְּרַם) house-breaker, burglar.—plural פּרוֹמָאֵי. Bava Metzia 42ᵃ והאידנא דשכיחי פ׳ and nowadays when burglars are frequent (who split joists to hunt for money hidden in them). ↗ original
פְּרוּמְבְּיָא (φορβεία) halter. Shabbath 5, 1, v פַּגָּא I. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, end, 7ᶜ; and elsewhere—Targum Psalms 32, 9 (Hebrew text רסן). Targum Job 41, 5 פְּרוּמְבְּיֵיה (variant reading in manuscript ריסניה). ↗ original
פְּרוּנְקָא (פְּרַק, with anorg. נ) [torn off,] 2) rag used to cover wine casks etc. Avodah Zarah 30ᵃ צרונהי בפ׳ they tied a shred around it. Shabbath 48ᵃ מאי שנא מפ׳ wherein is this different from covering the cask with a rag? the same place (ibid.) 139ᵇ האי פ׳ אפלגא וכ׳ to spread a shred over a part of a cask is permitted. [Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) reads פְּרַנְקָא.] ↗ original
פְּרוֹס (πρός) prepos. before, with; (in edition mostly combined with the noun). Gittin 36ᵇ bottom of the page פ׳ בולי ובוטי Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition פרוסבולי), see בּיּלְבּוּטֵיס. Megillah 15ᵃ Munich manuscript, see פְּרוּזְבּוּטֵי. ↗ original
פְּרוּס (פָּרַס) broken piece, part, half. Menachoth 7, 2 (77ᵇ) (referring to Leviticus 7, 14) שלא יטול פ׳ this indicates that he shall not take a piece of a cake; and frequently—Shekalim 3, 1 בפרוס הפסח וכ׳ (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition בפְרַס) at half the period of preparation for the Passover etc. (during which the laws of the respective festival are expounded); see Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, beginning 47ᵇ פלגא בשלשים יום half of the thirty days. ↗ original
פְּרוּסָה (פָּרַס) piece, especially piece of bread, bread. Rosh Hashanah 29ᵇ, see פָּרַס. Tosefta Peah 4, 10 עני שנותן פרוטה לקופה ופ׳ לתמחוי (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) פרוטה לתמחוי ופרוטה לקופה, correct accordingly) a poor man that contributes a P’ruṭah to the charity fund or a piece of bread to the public crib. Chullin 7ᵇ, see בָּצַע. Pesikta Rabbati section 33 הפ׳ the bread (livelihood, see פַּרְנָסָה); and frequently—plural פְּרוּסוֹת. Demai 5, 5 פ׳ פת pieces of bread. Tosefta Terumoth 5, 14; and elsewhere—Esther Rabbah to 1, 3 (play on פָּרָס) שקיבלה את המלכות פ׳ וכ׳ she (Persia) obtained rulership piecewise, once in the days of T’radah (Xerxes?), and once in the days of Artaban (the Parthian empire). ↗ original
פְּרוֹסְטַגְמָא (variously corrupted) feminine (πρόσταγμα) ordinance, proclamation. Tanchuma Ekeb 11 פרוזדוגייא (correct accordingly), see דַּוָּאר I. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Shor, p. 77ᵃ; Tanchuma Emor 10 למלך ששלח פ׳ שלו וכ׳ like a king that sent his proclamation to a province etc.; הדא קרית שמע פ׳ שלי וכ׳ this reading of the Sh’mʿa (Deuteronomy 6, 4) is my (God’s) proclamation etc.; Vayikra Rabbah section 27. Bereshith Rabbah section 42 פרסטגמא. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Baḥod., p. 102ᵃ שלא יהו דברי תורה בעיניך כפ׳ וכ׳ that the words of the Law be not in thy eyes like an old proclamation, but like a new one, which all run to read; Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 960. Pesikta Rabbati section 33 [read:] פ׳ שלו פרושה בחדש הראשון בשלשה עשר יום בו his (Haman’s) decree was promulgated in the first month etc. (Esther 3, 12); Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 336 (correct accordingly); and frequently—plural פְּרוֹסְטַגְמָאוֹת, פְּרוֹזְדַּגְמָ׳. Vayikra Rabbah section 17 שלש פ׳ שלח וכ׳ Joshua sent three proclamations to the Canaanites: whoever wishes to emigrate etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 6, 36ᶜ bottom of the page פרסטיגיות (correct accordingly). 5. דִּיאֲטַגְמָא. ↗ original
פרוספיא , read: פְּרוֹסוֹפָּא masculine plural (πρόσωπα) faces. Ylamdenu to Deuteronomy 4, 4, quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (referring to וקלע כרובים, I Kings 6, 35) פ׳ he carved the faces of the cherubim. ↗ original
פֵּרוּעַ (פָּרַע) uncovering. Kethuboth 72ᵃ bottom of the page (referring to Numbers 5, 18) אזהרה … שלא יצאו בפ׳ ראש this implies a warning for the daughters of Israel not to go out bareheaded. the same place (ibid.)ᵇ אין בו משום פ׳ ראש is does not come under the category of bareheadedness. Berachoth 62ᵃ כל זמן … את פֵּרוּעוֹ so that his neighbor may not see him uncover himself. ↗ original
פֵּרוּעַ ² (the preceding) = Hebrew פֶּרַע, wild, neglected growth of the hair; (adverb) in a wild, neglected condition. Targum Ezekiel 44, 20. Targum Leviticus 10, 6 (not פָּ׳); and frequently—[Echah Rabbah to 1, 16 ונסב פרועיך, read: פְּרִיטִיךְ, see פְּרִיטָא.] ↗ original
פְּרוֹפּוֹסִיטוֹס (præpositus, πραιπόσιτος) præpositus, a title of several imperial officers, especially (= magister militum) chief of the army. Bamidbar Rabbah section 1, end אומר פ׳ לך מנה וכ׳ (not סוטוט …) he says to the præpositus, go and count all legions except etc. Shemoth Rabbah section 15 נכנס פרוסביטוס וכ׳ (correct accordingly) the præpositus with his suite went in etc. the same place (ibid.) הפרופסיטון (correct accordingly).—plural פְּרוֹפּוֹסִיטִין. Bamidbar Rabbah section 7 בו"ד יש לו פריפיסיטין וכ׳ (read: פְּרִיפּוֹ׳) a human king has præpositi (to muster the army), and so the Lord has (referring to Numbers 1, 2). Ylamdenu to Numbers 10, 1, quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) והיו הפ׳ באין תחלה וכ׳ the præpositi came first (to the headquarters), and then the legions. ↗ original
פָּרוֹקָא (פְּרַק) redeemer. Targum Ruth 4, 3. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 15, 18; and frequently—Vayikra Rabbah section 32, end, and elsewhere, see גּוֹאֵל. Echah Rabbah to 1, 16 דאתיליד פְּרוֹקְהוֹן דיהודאי (some edition פְּרִיקְ׳) the redeemer of the Jews was born; and elsewhere—plural פְּרוֹקִין. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 50, 25; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּרוֹקְוִיסְטוֹרִין (proquæstors) proquæstors, magistrates associated with the procurator in the administration of a province. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 17 שמא אם משלח להם פ׳ וכ׳ (not פרוסטקוסרין; edition Buber edition ארכון) but if a king sends proquæstors to a province to collect from them one hundred litras of gold …, are they empowered to allow a reduction? ↗ original
פְּרוֹקוֹפִּי (προκοπή) promotion, preferment. Bereshith Rabbah section 12, end הואיל ולגיון … נותן לו פ׳ שלא תזוז וכ׳ (not פרוקפי) because this legion was the first to proclaim me king, I will give it a preferment (rank) which shall not be taken from it; הרי אני נותן לה פ׳ וכ׳ I will give her (the earth) a position from which she shall never be moved (referring to Psalms 104, 5); Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 93; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 847 פרוסקופי (correct accordingly). Bereshith Rabbah section 48 כל מי שתופשו אני נותן פ׳ whoever will seize him (the chief robber), him will I promote; the same place (ibid.) איזו פ׳, see פָּחַד; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 304. Bereshith Rabbah section 90 [read:] שלא יהא אדם נוטל פ׳ וכ׳ that none shall receive preferment except through thee; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 148 (not פורק׳). Vayikra Rabbah section 18. Ruth Rabbah to 1, 12 פרופקפוא, פרופקפיא (correct accordingly); and elsewhere—plural פְּרוֹקְפָּאוֹת. Tanchuma Vayḥi 8 התחיל מחלק להן פ׳ he undertook to distribute promotions among them. ↗ original
פרוקטו , probably a corruption for טְרוֹפִּיקִי feminine (τροπική, supply (understood word) ἡμέρα) the day of the midwinter solstice. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 39ᶜ פ׳ ראשה של תקופה the festival of tropiké marks the beginning of the solstice period. ↗ original
פְּרוּקְלָאP’ruḳla (Proclus), a Roman general. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 3, 21ᵇ כד עאל פ׳ וכ׳ when P. (with his army) came to Sepphoris. ↗ original
פְּרוּקְלוֹס (the preceding) Proclus, a gentile. Avodah Zarah 3, 4 (44ᵇ) פ׳ בן פילוספוס (Munich manuscript פרקולוס; Yerushalmi (prefix) edition a. Mishnah Nap. פרקלוס); Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 888 פרק׳. ↗ original
פָּרוּשׁ (פָּרַשׁ) seceder.— plural פְּרוּשִׁים, פְּרוּשִׁין. Pesachim 70ᵇ ואנן טעמא דפ׳ וכ׳ must we follow up the argument of seceders (that left the college and established a school of their own)?, see פָּרַשׁ. [Tosefta Berachoth 3, 25 כולל של מינים בשל פ׳ combines the prayer against the heretics with that against the renegades; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 5ᵃ top רשעים.] discreet, abstemious, saintly, pure. Vayikra Rabbah section 24 (referring to Leviticus 19, 2) כשם שאני פ׳ כך תהיו פרושים וכ׳ as I (the Lord) am pure, so be you pure; as I am holy, so be you holy.—plural as ab. Sifra K’dosh. beginning (explained קדשים, Leviticus the passage cited) פ׳ היו be self-restraining. Tosefta Sotah 15, 11; Bava Bathra 60ᵇ כשחרב … רבו פ׳ וכ׳ after the destruction of the Temple the abstemious in Israel who refused to eat meat increased etc.—Esp. Parush, Pharisee, a strict observer of the Mosaic Law and the Rabbinical regulations. Tosefta Shabbath 1, 15; Shabbath 13ᵃ לא יאכל זב פ׳ עם זב עם הארץ an observant gonorrhœist should not dine with an ignorant gonorrhœist (who is suspected of disregarding the laws concerning tithes, levitical cleanness etc., see חָבֵר). Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 14ᵇ bottom of the page (speaking of the various kinds of Pharisees) אין לך … פְּרוּשׁ אהבה כאברהם of all of them none is beloved except the Pharisee from love (of God) like Abraham; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 5, 20ᶜ bottom of the page; Babylonian Sotah 22ᵇ פ׳ מאהבה a Pharisee from love (of reward, Rashi); פ׳ (מ)יראה from fear (of punishment); פ׳ שיכמי, ניקפי etc., see respective determinants.—plural as ab. the same place (ibid.) אל תתיראי מן הפ׳ וכ׳ be not afraid of the Pharisees or of the non-Pharisees, but of the painted (the hypocrites) etc.—מכת פ׳, see מַכָּה.—Kiddushin 66ᵃ לבם של פ׳ עליך the Pharisees are opposed to thee in their hearts; and frequently—Fem. פְּרוּשָׁה. Sotah 3, 4 אשה פ׳ a sactimonious woman, explained the same place (ibid.) 22ᵃ כגון יוחני וכ׳, see יוֹחָנִי 2. ↗ original
פְּרוֹתִיזְמִיאָה (προθεσμία, supply (understood word) ἡμέρα) appointed day, fixed term. Mechilta Beshallach section 1 הגיעה פ׳ שלכם וכ׳ (not פירותזי׳) your time for the return to Egypt has come; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 230 פרטגמ׳ (correct accordingly). Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Baḥod., p. 103ᵇ and the following למלך שקידש … וקבע לה פ׳ וכיון שהגיעה פ׳ וכ׳ (not פרוזתימייא) like a king who betrothed a lady to himself and appointed for her a term (when to marry her), and when the time came, he said etc. (see פְּרוֹטוֹגַמְיָא). ↗ original
פָּרַזto break through, open, see פָּרוּז. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְרִיזto break through, go beyond. Niddah 4ᵇ ה׳ על מדותיו went beyond his measures, i.e. extended the restrictions of the law too far. Nedarim 32ᵃ ה׳ על מדותיו של הקב"ה he went too far in testing the attributes (goodness) of the Lord, i.e. presumed on God’s kindness by asking for a sign (Genesis 15, 8); Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 74. Koheleth Rabbah to 8, 8 מַפְרִיזִין באצבעותיהן וכ׳ pointed with their fingers towards a distance, saying, the vision which he sees etc. (Ezekiel 12, 27); (Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Ḥan. 1) ומורין, see יָרָה). to offer a higher rent than originally stipulated in consideration of a loan to be used to improve the property. Bava Metzia 5, 5 ומַפְרִיז על שדהו וכ׳ (variant reading ומַפְרִין; Munich manuscript ומפרי׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) edition ומפרין) and a tenant may offer higher rent for his field in consideration of a loan for improvements, and need not regard the appearance of usury. the same place (ibid.) 69ᵇ אין מפריז לא על חנות וכ׳ (Munich manuscript everywhere מפרין) you dare not offer higher rent for a shop or a ship in consideration of a loan (to be invested in the business); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, 10ᶜ top מפרין; see פָּרָה a. פָּרַן. ↗ original
פִּרְזוֹמָא (περίζωμα) girdle, apron; (also collect.) aprons. Sukkah 11ᵃ רמא … לפ׳ דאינשי ביתיה (Munich manuscript פרזימא; Munich manuscript 2 פרוזמא) attached show-fringes to the aprons (of the women) of his household; Menachoth 43ᵃ (Munich manuscript פרזי׳; Manuscript Karlsruhe פירזו׳).—plural (Hebr.) פִּרְזוֹמָאוֹת, פִּרְזוֹמָיוֹת. Shabbath 125ᵃ פרזומי׳ early editions (Munich manuscript פרזמ׳, later edition פרוזמ׳, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פרוזמא׳).—5. פְּרִיזוֹמָטָא. ↗ original
פִּרְזוּמָא (פַּרְזֵם) juice, brewage, beer of figs, thorns etc. Pesachim 107ᵃ ומה פ׳ דבעאי וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition פיר׳; Munich manuscript פורזימא, Munich manuscript 2 פורזמא; the words in edition a. manuscripts between פ׳ a. דבעאי, are a gloss to פ׳, read as in Oxford manuscript שכר תאיני ואסיני) since I asked … even with regard to pirzuma (which is superior to barley beer) etc. פ׳ דשיכרא the second run of barley beer. Kiddushin 52ᵇ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (Rashi פרוזמא; edition a. variant reading Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פְּרוּמָא which see). ↗ original
פַּרְזֵל (Parel of פזל) to turn, twist. Ithpar. אִיפַּרְזֵלto twist one’s self, to struggle. Gittin 68ᵃ הוה קא מִיפַּרְזֵל he struggled (to get rid of the chain). ↗ original
פַּרְזֶל = Hebrew בַּרְזֶל. Targum Esther 5, 14. Targum Deuteronomy 8, 9 (O. edition Berlin edition בר׳); and frequently—plural פַּרְזְלַיָּיא, פַּרְזְלַיָּהiron tools. Vayikra Rabbah section 24 יהון מקשין בפ׳ וכ׳ (edition Vilna edition מקשיין בפריזלא, correct accordingly) let them rattle with the iron tools and say etc.; הוון מקשין בפ׳ (edition Vilna edition בפרזלא, correct accordingly) they rattled with etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Niddah 2, end, 50ᵇ פַּרְזְלוֹי הריפין his tools are sharp (he is an ingenious scholar, and does not need consultation with others, see חָדַד). ↗ original
פַּרְזְלָא 2Tavvar Parz’la (Iron Mount), name for Kadesh. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 33, 36, see רְקָם. ↗ original
פַּרְזֵם (Parel of מזם, compare פְּצַם) to burst open, press. Gittin 69ᵃ (?) אֲפַרְזְמִינְהוּ למיא מיניה Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (not found in edition) I shall press the juice out of it.—5. פִּרְזוּמָא. ↗ original
פַּרְזָקParzaḳ. Bava Metzia 49ᵇ דקא בעי … דבי פ׳ רופילא that one of the men of lieutenant P. intended to take it by force. ↗ original
פָּרַח (Biblical Hebrew) [to break through,] to bloom, sprout. Berachoth 47ᵇ, and the following קטן פּוֹרֵחַ a boy developing signs of puberty (before the usual age). Bamidbar Rabbah section 18, end ומעצמו פ׳ and it (the staff) blossomed of itself (without being planted); and frequently—Esp. (with referring to Leviticus 13, 12) to become white, spread all over. Nega'im 8, 1 הפורח מן הטמא טהור a leprosy that ‘blossoms’ after the person has been declared unclean, is clean. the same place (ibid.) 2 פָּרְחָה בכולו if it spread over the entire body. the same place (ibid.) 7, 5 עד שתִּפְרַח בכולו until it spreads over etc.; and frequently—2) to fly, fly off; to swim. Kinn. 2, 1, and the following Bava Metzia 1, 4 גוזלות שלא פרחו unfledged pigeons. Chullin 3, 7, see סְנַפִּיר. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 68ᶜ top הלוחות היו מבקשין לִפְרוֹחַ the tablets wanted to fly (off Moses’ hands); הכתב עצמו פ׳ only the letters flew off; כיון שפ׳ הכתב וכ׳ when the letters had flown off, the tablets became too heavy for Moses’ hands. Avodah Zarah 18ᵃ (of a martyr dying on the pyre) גוילין … פּוֹרְחוֹת I see the sheets of the book of the Law burn, and the letters fly off. Chagigah 15ᵇ; Sanhedrin 106ᵇ מגדל הפורח באויר, see מִגְדָּל. Chagigah 1, 8 פּוֹרְחִין באויר, see הֶיתֵּר; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 93, and elsewhere פָּרְחָה נשמתן their soul fled, i.e. they were shocked by surprise, fear etc. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְרִיחַto bloom, blossom. Bamidbar Rabbah the passage cited וה׳ בו בלילה וכ׳ the same night it blossomed and brought forth fruit; Tanchuma Aḥăré 8 הִפְרִיחוּ ועשו פירות. Vayikra Rabbah section 23; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 2 מַפְרחַת, see כָּמַשׁ; and frequently to cause sprouting, produce. Bereshith Rabbah section 37 אתמול מַפְרִיחַ מצות וכ׳ yesterday producing meritorious and noble deeds, and to-day so selfish!, see כָּנַן; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 62; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 832. to be able to fly, be fledged. Chullin 12, 3 (140ᵇ) אפרוחים מַפְרִיחִין full-fledged birds; Chullin 141ᵃ. Bava Metzia the passage cited; and frequently to cause to fly; to chase. Sanhedrin 3, 3 מַפְרִיחֵי יונים, see יוֹנָה 2. Bereshith Rabbah section 67; Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 950 ומַפְרִיחָן and let them fly off, see סִכְסֵךְ I. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 2, 39ᶜ top הִפְרִיחָתוֹ הרוח the wind drove it off (the altar). Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 1, 19ᵇ bottom of the page ובאת הרוח והִפְרִיחָתָהּ and a wind came and carried it (the Succah) off; and frequently to place beyond due limits, to cause to protrude. Bava Kamma 29ᵇ, and the following לא שנו אלא (ב)מַפְרִיחַ this has been taught (that he is responsible for damage) only when he places the thorns on his ground so that they protrude into the public road, opposite מצמצם when he puts them exactly where his limits end. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 5 המפריח גדירו … לרשות הרבים he who causes his fence of thorns or stones to protrude into the public road. ↗ original
פְּרַח 1to bloom. [Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 30, 37 דפָרַח לבן, probably name of a tree; Hebrew text לבנה; compare פֶּרַח.] to move swiftly, fly, swim, run. Targum Onkelos Genesis 1, 21. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 14, 9 (edition Amsterdam edition למַפְ׳, Af.). the same place (ibid.) 19; and frequently—Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 938, and elsewhere, see זַחֲלָא. Kethuboth 105ᵇ, see גַּדְפָא. Bereshith Rabbah section 22 דין אמר חלוץ ודין אמר פרח the one (Abel) said, take thy dress off (the wool is mine), and the other (Cain) said, fly in the air (the earth is mine). Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 8 והיה פ׳ ואינון פָּרְחִין בתריה he ran, and they ran after him; and frequently to palpitate. Gittin 69ᵇ כל שכן דפ׳ ליביה his heart will palpitate still more. to cause to flee, keep off. Pesachim 111ᵇ פִּירְחִי נפשיך וכ׳ keep thyself off the service-tree. Pa'el פִּעֵל פָּרַחto cause to fly, carry off. the same place (ibid.) 110ᵇ top (in an incantation) פָּרְחֵיה זיקא וכ׳ Munich manuscript a. Rashi (edition פרח׳) let the wind carry off etc.; the same place (ibid.)ᵃ bottom of the page פ׳ פרחייכי, see פִּרְחָא. Af'el הִפְעִיל אַפְרַחto produce blossoms, to bloom. Targum Genesis 40, 10. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 17, 23; and elsewhere to fly, see above. to cause to fly, carry; to chase off. Targum Onkelos Genesis 15, 11 (edition Berlin edition ואָתֵיב, see Berlin edition Targum Onkelos 2, p. 6). Targum Numbers 11, 31 (not וְאֶפְ׳; Hebrew text ויגז). Targum Isaiah 28, 28. Targum Proverbs 7, 23 (Hebrew text יפלח); and frequently—Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 23 (explained ויעט, I Samuel 25, 14) אַפְרְחִין במילין he chased them off with (harsh) words; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 2, 20ᵇ top אפחין (correct accordingly). Shevuoth 30ᵇ אַפְרַח עלי בר וכ׳ let a duck fly over me; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 3, beginning 18ᶜ [read:] חמי היך אַפְרְחִית הדין דידך see how I make this thy argument fly off (I refute it). ↗ original
פֶּרַחthe preceding) blossom, flower, an ornament in the shape of a flower. Bereshith Rabbah section 91, end, see כַּפְתּוֹר. Kelim 11, 7 הפ׳ והבסיס the calyx of a candlestick and the shaft. Esther Rabbah to 1, 6 אני ישנתי על פִּרְחוֹ של וכ׳ I slept on the flower (capital) of one of those columns, and there was room for a body at full length, with outstretched hands and feet. Menachoth 28ᵇ; and frequently—plural פְּרָחִים. the same place (ibid.) פְּרָחֶיהָ … כמין פִּרְחֵי וכ׳ what did the flowers of the candlestick look like? Like the blossoms on the capitals of columns; and elsewhere פ׳ לבן White Blossom, name of an aromatic shrub. Devarim Rabbah section 6, beginning פ׳ לבן הוא שכרו וכ׳ this is a White Blossom, the wages for working at it are half a goldpiece. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 7, beginning 37ᵇ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 5, 7 פ׳ לבין edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading פרחבלין, פרחבינ׳, פרחביל׳, correct accordingly). youth.— plural as ab. Middoth 1, 8, and frequently פִּרְחֵי כהונה, see כְּהוּנָּה. young chicken.—plural as ab. Kethuboth 59ᵇ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אפרוחים). Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, 42ᵈ top (explained סכות בנות, 2 Kings 17, 30) תרנגולתא ופְרָחֶיהָ a hen with her chickens. ↗ original
פְּרַח 2flower. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 30, 37 (see פְּרַח I). [Targum Job 20, 3, see פּוּחָא.]—Esp. caper-blossom, also caper-tree. Berachoth 40ᵇ (explained נצפה) פרחה (Manuscript Florence פירחא). the same place (ibid.) 36ᵃ אדעתא דפ׳ for the sake of the caper. the same place (ibid.) 36ᵇ, see בּוּטִּיתָא; and elsewhere—plural פִּרְחֵי. Pesachim 111ᵇ טולי בי פ׳ רוחי (the demons dwelling in) the shade of caper-trees are named ruḥé a species of locusts. Targum Joel 1, 4 (Hebrew text ילק). palpitation of the heart. Gittin 69ᵇ *that which is blown off, particle, crumb.— plural פִּרְחַיָּיא. Pesachim 110ᵃ bottom of the page (in an incantation) פרח פִּרְחַיְיכִי let the wind carry off your crumbs (with which you conjure; see, however, Rashi ad loc. (on the passage)). ↗ original
פָּרְחָא (the preceding) fast-running, flying. Makkoth 5ᵃ; Yevamoth 116ᵃ, see גַּמְלָא I.—plural פָּרְחֵי. Kethuboth 61ᵃ אורחי ופ׳ guests and transient visitors.—Fem. plural פְּרַחְיָין. Koheleth Rabbah to 4, 6 טבא מן מאה פ׳ … better one bird tied than one hundred flying. ↗ original
פַּרְחֲתָא (פְּרַח) bird. Targum Proverbs 1, 17. the same place (ibid.) 26, 2. ↗ original
פָּרַט (Biblical Hebrew) to split, open. Vayikra Rabbah section 5 (referring to Amos 6, 5) שהיו פוֹרְטִים פיהם וכ׳ they opened their mouths wide with cynical speech. Maasroth 2, 6 אוכל, פּוֹרֵט he splits (the pomegranate) and eats (a slice). the same place (ibid.) 3, 9. (compare עָרַף) to break into small change, to change money. Maʿǎser Sheni 2, 8, and the following הפורט סלע וכ׳ he who breaks (changes at the banker’s) a Sela of second-tithes money. Bava Bathra 8ᵇ גבאי צדקה … פּוֹרְטִין וכ׳ charity treasurers that have no poor among whom to distribute, may exchange for others (at a fee for the benefit of the fund), but not for themselves. Shemoth Rabbah section 35 יש אדם פורט זהוב וכ׳ a man changes one gold piece, and covers with it many expenses; and frequently to single out, specify. Mechilta Mishpatim, section 5 משמע שניהם כאחת … עד שיִפְרוֹט לך הכתוב יחדו the Vav conjunctive may mean both together (and), or each separately (or), unless the text explicitly states ‘together’ (as Deuteronomy 22, 10, and the following); Sanhedrin 85ᵇ, and elsewhere שיְפָרֵט (Pi'el). Pesachim 21ᵇ כל מקום … עד שיפרוט לך הכתוב כדרך שפ׳ וכ׳ wherever the Law says, ye shall not eat etc., it implies the prohibition of both eating and using, unless the text explicitly permits the use as it does with reference to carcasses (Deuteronomy 14, 21). Mechilta Bo, section 5 פרסמו ופְרָטוֹ וכ׳ (or ופֵרְטוֹPi'el) the Scripture publishes and specifies him (by name); and frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְרַטto be split, separated. Peah 7, 3 נפל לארץ ונ׳ if a cluster fell to the ground and was separated into single grapes (פֶּרֶט); Sifra K’dosh., Parah 1, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 3. to be specified, examined singly. Taanith 11ᵃ … בשעת פטירתו נִפְרָטִין לפניו וכ׳ (not נפטרין, Munich manuscript נכתבין) when man departs to his eternal home, all his deeds are called up before him one by one, and they say to him etc. Pi'el פִּעֵל פֵּירֵטto divide, specify etc., see above.—participle passive מְפוֹרָט. Tosefta Kelim Bava Bathra 5, 10 במ׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading במְפוֹרָשׁ) that part which is torn off (and attached only at one point; probably to be read: במְפוֹרָם, see פָּרַם).—[Pesikta Rabbati section 23-24 מפרטתו, read: מסטרתו, see סָטַר.] ↗ original
פְּרַטto break, divide. Nedarim 91ᵇ פַּרְטֵיה וכ׳, see הוּצָא I.—participle passive פָּרִיט; feminine פְּרִיטָא; plural פְּרִיטִין; פְּרִיטָן. Bava Kamma 117ᵃ bottom of the page דפריטן שפוותיה וכ׳ Manuscript Rome a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (Munich manuscript דפריט׳; edition Soncino דפְרִיטָה; edition דפרטיה, correct accordingly) he saw that his (R. Kahana’s) lips were parted, and thought he was laughing at him. to specify. Moed Katan 16ᵃ דפַרְטִינָן חטאיה וכ׳ that we must specify his offence in a public proclamation. to belittle, talk against, sneer at. Echah Rabbah to 2, 10 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see פְּרַת. ↗ original
פֶּרֶטthe preceding) single grapes, especially pereṭ, grapes fallen off during cutting, poor man’s share (Leviticus 19, 10). Sifra K’dosh., Parah 1, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 3; Peah 7, 3 איזהו פ׳ הנושר וכ׳ pereṭ is that which drops etc. the same place (ibid.) 6, 5 שני גרגרים פ׳ וכ׳ two berries fallen at a time are pereṭ (belong to the poor), three are not pereṭ (may be picked up by the owner); and frequently ↗ original
פְּרָט (the preceding words) that which is singled out, specification, explicit statement, opposite כְּלָל. Sifra introduction, see כְּלָל. Bava Kamma 54ᵇ (referring to Deuteronomy 5, 14) מה הפ׳ מפורש בעלי חיים וכ׳ as the explicit specification (thy ox and thy ass) mentions animated beings, so the general expression (and all thy b’hemah) refers to all kinds of animals (including birds). Bava Bathra 123ᵃ בפְרָטָן in the detailed account of them, see כְּלָל. Bereshith Rabbah section 94 (referring to I Chronicles 25, 3) חמשה בפ׳ ובכללן ששה in the specification there are five (sons of Jeduthun), and in the summing up it says ‘six’; Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 32 בפְרָטִים חמשה ובכלל ששה; and very frequently—plural פְּרָטוֹת, פְּרָטִים. Sotah 37ᵇ כללות … ופ׳ באוהל מועד general principles were proclaimed at Sinai, and detailed laws in the Tabernacle; Chagigah 6ᵃ and the following Shemoth Rabbah section 32, beginning Midrash Samuel the passage cited; and frequently פ׳ ל־ [this is especially mentioned as against], to the exclusion of. Arachin 30ᵇ; Sanhedrin 86ᵃ, see מָצָא. Bava Kamma 64ᵇ פ׳ למרשיע את עצמו this excludes (exempts from the fine) him who accuses himself; and very frequently ↗ original
פְּרָטָא 1 Bava Kamma 54ᵇ א"כ נכתוב רחמנא חד פ׳ if this were so, the text (Deuteronomy 5, 14) ought to have stated only one specified object (either ox or ass); the same place (ibid.) 63ᵃ (referring to Exodus 22, 8); and frequently—plural פְּרָטֵי. the same place (ibid.) נכתוב … להני פ׳ גבי האיך the text ought to have made these specifications (‘money or vessels’, Exodus 22, 6) in connection with this (verse 8). the same place (ibid.) כל הני פ׳ למה לי what are all these specifications for (what do they exclude)? Chullin 66ᵃ תנא … בכללי ופ׳ כי האי גוונא וכ׳ generalizations and specifications of such a nature the Tanna … makes use of for interpretation; Bava Kamma 64ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original
פְּרָטָא 2P’raṭa, father of R. Eleazar. Gittin 3, 4. Avodah Zarah 17ᵇ; and elsewhere—[Vayikra Rabbah section 23 לוי בן פ׳, see פַּלְטָא.] ↗ original
פַּרְטוּם (פָּרַט) a fraction, a small portion. Sifré Deuteronomy 353 וכי כמה ארצות … פ׳ זה קטן has Joshua conquered so many lands? Did he not conquer only this small portion (of the earth)?; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 959 (not פרטוס).—[Tanchuma Shof’tim 9 פרטומין, see פְּרוֹטוֹמִי.] ↗ original
פַּרְטוֹרְיָינִי (prætoriani, supply (understood word) milites) prætorians, imperial body-guard. Esther Rabbah to 1, 3 Musafia (edition בַּרְקוּרְיָאנִי). ↗ original
פְּרָטָטָא (an abbreviated or abbreviation: Pr. T. T.) pro titulo or titulis, whatever be the title. Bereshith Rabbah section 1; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 2 פלן פ׳ such and such a name followed by the title. ↗ original
פרטי , Vayikra Rabbah section 28 להון פ׳, a corruption, see אַנְכְּטֵי. ↗ original
פרטליס , Tosefta Eruvin 9 (6), 25 variant reading (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) טראפליס), probably a corruption for טִטְרַפְלִית, see טִיטְרַפְלִיּוֹת, a. טִיטְרַפְלוֹן. ↗ original
פִּרְטְתָא 2 (פְּרַט) split; פ׳ דרמונא (= Hebrew פלח הרמון) a split (i.e. fully ripened) pomegranate. Tanchuma Vaëra 14 כפ׳ דר׳ וכ׳ like the split pomegranate whose seeds are visible from without (see Löw, Low, Aramaische Pflanzennamen, Leipzig 1881, p. 364), see חַרְצָנִיתָא; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Vayhi, p. 3ᵇ; Shemoth Rabbah section 12 פרנותא (correct accordingly); Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 11 פיטרתא (correct accordingly); Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 186; Yalkut Shimoni Job 912 כהדין פרצידא.—[Shir HaShirim Rabbah the passage cited דכל חדא פיטרתא, read: חַרְצַנְתָּא.] ↗ original
פרי [to break through,] to grow, increase, be fruitful. Gittin 57ᵃ כלומר פְּרוּ ורבו וכ׳ intimating, ‘multiply and increase like chickens’. Bamidbar Rabbah section 11 את פְּרֵה ורבה לגוי גדול be thou fruitful and grow to be a great nation. the same place (ibid.) כל מה … היה פָּרֶה ורבה whatever existed in the Temple grew and increased (see פַּרְוַיִם). Chagigah 16ᵃ פָּרִין ורבין כבני אדם they increase by propagation like human beings. Chullin 92ᵃ (referring to כפרחת, Genesis 40, 10) הגיע לִפְרוֹת ולרבות … the time has come for Israel to grow and increase (as a nation); and frequently Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְרָהto cause to grow, make fruitful. Berachoth 40ᵃ דגים קטנים מַפְרִין ומרבין ומברין כל גופו וכ׳ (Munich manuscript מפרין ומרבין גופו וכ׳) small fish make fruitful (increase the sexual vigor) and strengthen the whole body of man; the same place (ibid.) 57ᵇ מפרין ומברין (Munich manuscript מפרין ומרבין); Avodah Zarah 29ᵃ מפרין ומרבין (read: ומַבְרִין); and elsewhere—[ to increase the rent above the original stipulation in consideration of a loan, see פָּרַז. Bava Metzia 5, 5 (69ᵇ) מפרין על שדהו ואין חוששין וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition ואין חושש—which indicates that מפרין is singular, frequently פָּרַן which see).] ↗ original
פְּרֵיto increase, grow. Bava Bathra 18ᵇ הדר פָּארֵי it will grow again; the same place (ibid.) 19ᵃ top of the page (compare פרח) to run. Echah Rabbah to 3, 7 ערקת תורתיה ופרא בתרה Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition נפק) his cow ran off, and he ran after her. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᶜ bottom of the page חויא פָרֵי בתרך a serpent is running after thee. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 5, 56ᵃ top הוות פַּרְיָא והוה פרי וכ׳ she (the cow) ran, and he ran after her etc.; and frequently ↗ original
פְּרִיthe preceding words) fruit, produce; fruition, usufruct; profit, interest. Berachoth 6, 1 (35ᵃ) על פירות … בורא פְּ׳ העץ over fruits of trees you must say, (blessed be thou etc.) who hast created the fruit of the tree; על פירות הארץ … בורא פ׳ האדמה over growths from the ground you must say; … who hast created the products of the soil. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᵃ הפירי, see בָּחַל 2. Chullin 79ᵃ פ׳ עם האם the copulation of a hybrid issue with its mother; and very frequently—plural פִּרוֹת, פֵּי׳. Berachoth the passage cited, see above. Gittin 47ᵇ, and elsewhere המוכר שדהו לפ׳ if a man sells his field for the usufruct (for a number of years). the same place (ibid.) קנין פ׳ כקנין הגיף דמי possession of the usufruct is like ownership of a field (for the time being). Kethuboth 9, 1 הרי זה אוכל פ׳ בחייה he has the usufruct (of her property) during her lifetime. the same place (ibid.) פֵּירֵי פ׳ (פֵּרֵי) the usufruct of the produce of the produce, i.e. of the income invested. Peah 1, 1 אלו דברים שאדם אוכל פּירוֹתֵיהֶן וכ׳ these are the things of which a man enjoys the interest (for which man is rewarded) in this world, whereas the principal remains for the hereafter. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 2 זכות יש לה קרן ויש לה פ׳ a good deed yields a principal (for the hereafter), and bears interest (in this world); the same place (ibid.) 3 עבירה יש לה קרן ואין לה פ׳ sin creates a capital, but bears no interest; עבירה שעושה פ׳ יש לה פ׳ a sin which bears fruit (influences other people for bad) bears fruit (is punished in this world); Kiddushin 40ᵃ; and very frequently—Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 4 פְּרָיִין שלו its fruits. ↗ original
פְּרִיבָטָא (privata, supply (understood word) balnea) private baths. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 8, 38ᵇ bottom of the page Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 7 (referring to Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 2, 8 תענגות בני האדם) פרובטייה (read פרי׳) this means the private baths; Bamidbar Rabbah section 11 פרוובטה, פרוזב׳ (correct accordingly).—Hebr. plural פְּרִיבָטָאוֹת. Bereshith Rabbah section l. Bereshith Rabbah section 8; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 13 פרדכסיות, read: פְּרִיבָטָיוֹת; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּרִיגָא (see פַּרְגִּית) young bird, chicken. Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 יהיב פ׳ בין וכ׳ (רבתי) he divided a chicken between his host and his wife. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 6, 10ᶜ top ובירך על פ׳ וכ׳ and said the blessing over the chicken, saying etc.; and elsewhere—plural פְּרִיגִין, פַּרְגִּיוָן, פַּרְגְּיָין. Bereshith Rabbah section 17; Vayikra Rabbah section 34; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 665; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 352. Echah Rabbah the passage cited; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּרִיגוֹרִיP’rigori, an Amora. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 11, 47ᵈ ↗ original
פְּרִידָא 1 common gender (פְּרַד) [broken loose, brittle,] (collect. noun) pebbles, coarse sand. Targum Lamentations 5, 5.—plural פְּרִידִין, פְּרִידַיָּיא, פְּרִידָן. the same place (ibid.) 3, 16. Targum Job 38, 10 edition Lagarde edition (other edition פְּרִירַיָּא). Targum Isaiah 48, 19 כפְרוּדוֹהִי Kimḥi (edition Lagarde edition כפְרִירוֹהִי; edition Vilna edition כפֵירוּדוֹהִי). single berry.— plural as ab. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 25, 5 רדופיכון, read: פַּרוּדֵיכוֹן. jujube berry. Gittin 69ᵃ (other opinion lazarwort; Rashi פרידה). ↗ original
פְּרִידָא 2P’rida, an Amora. Sanhedrin 82ᵃ; 104ᵃ; Yalkut Shimoni Kings 249.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 9, 17ᵃ ר׳ פְּרִירָא; Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 7, 20ᵇ top פְּרִירִי (edition Krot. פְּרוּרִי). ↗ original
פְּרִידָה (פָּרַד) one of a pair of pigeons, single pigeon, opposite to קֵן. Kinn. 3, 6 צריכה … פ׳ אחת she is bound to offer a single pigeon in addition; Zevachim 67ᵇ. Sifra Vayikra, N’dab., Chaldaic (Aramaic) 8, Parah 7; Zevachim 65ᵃ אפי׳ פ׳ אחת וכ׳ he may offer even one single pigeon; and frequently—plural פְּרִידִין (masculine), פְּרִידוֹת. Kinn. the passage cited דין … Babylonian edition (Mishnah edition דות …). Sifra the passage cited; and frequently—Transferred a dear person. Bava Metzia 84ᵇ פ׳ אחת יש לי … ואי אתם וכ׳ one pigeon (my son’s body) is among you, and you will not let him come to me (be buried by my side)? the same place (ibid.) פ׳ … ואתם וכ׳ I have a dear son among you, and you want to deprive me of him (expose him to the evil eye by showing him too much honor)?—plural פְּרִידוֹת. Bava Kamma 38ᵇ שתי פ׳ טובות וכ׳ two fine pigeons (precious proselytes) do I expect to bring forth from among you (see בָּרַךְHif'il). a single berry; a slice of a pomegranate. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 6, 10ᵃ top פ׳ אחת של ענב one grape berry; פ׳ אחת של רמון one slice of a pomegranate. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 6, 54ᵈ [read:] פ׳ של רמון … שחלקה בפיו ואכלה a piece of a pomegranate of ʿOrlah (see עָרְלָה) which one cut off with his mouth and ate. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 1, 48ᵈ; and elsewhere pebble, particle. Niddah 27ᵃ, and the following על פ׳ אחת של רקב to one particle of decayed matter; על פ׳ אחת של עפר to one particle of earth. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 2, 39ᶜ top ברוב כל פ׳ ופ׳ (the fire must have seized) the larger portion of every particle, opposite רובו של קומץ the larger portion of the handful (of the meal offering); and elsewhere—plural פְּרִידוֹת. Niddah the passage cited—[פרידה Chaldaic (Aramaic), see פְּרִידָא I.] ↗ original
פָּרִידְתָּא feminine = Hebrew פַּרְדָּנִית. Targum Proverbs 7, 11 (Hebrew text סררת). the same place (ibid.) 9, 13 (Hebrew text המיה). ↗ original
פִּרְיָה (פָּרָה) increase; פ׳ ורביה (with referring to פרו ורבו, Genesis 1, 28) the duty of propagating the human race, the duty of marrying; marital duty. Moed Katan 8ᵇ מפני ביטול פ׳ ור׳ because it might cause a diminution of marriages (as people might defer marriages for the festive season as most convenient). Bereshith Rabbah section 8 האיש מצווה על פ׳ ור׳ וכ׳ the duty of marrying has been put on man, but not on woman; Tanchuma Noah 12. Yevamoth 62ᵃ קיים פ׳ ור׳ he has complied with the duty of propagation (and need not marry again). the same place (ibid.) דמעיקרא נמי בני פ׳ ור׳ נינהו for they were subject to the duty of propagation before they became Jews (it being one of the Noachidian laws, Genesis 9, 7); and frequently ↗ original
פִּרְיוֹם (פרי, see פּוּרְיָא 2) a curtained litter. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 10 עשו לה פ׳ … מתוך הפ׳ וכ׳ make a litter for her; it is better that her beauty be seen through the curtains of the litter; Bamidbar Rabbah section 12 פרוים (correct accordingly). ↗ original
פְּרִיחָה (פָּרַח) flight, flying off. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 2, 39ᶜ top בפ׳ האחרונה נתכפרו וכ׳ with the last piece blown off the altar the owner obtains forgiveness (as if it had been burnt). eruption, especially the white eruption which causes the leper to be declared clean (Leviticus 13, 12, see פָּרַח). Nega'im 8, 4 [read:] כל פְּרִיחוֹת ראשי איברים שבפְרִיחָתָן טהרו טמא כשחזרו וכ׳ as regards the eruptions on the main limbs, on the ground of which they declared the unclean clean, whenever they resume their natural color, he is unclean again. the same place (ibid.) 5 מעכב את הפ׳ prevents the person from being declared clean on account of the white eruption. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 9 פְּרִיחַת היחלט (not פריחה) the eruption which appears after the person has been declared definitely unclean; פריחת הסגר after he has been locked up for probation; and frequently—plural פְּרִיחוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᵇ. Nega'im 8, 4, see above; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּרִיטָא = Hebrew פְּרוּטָה, small change; money.— plural פְּרִיטִין, פְּרִיטַיָּיא, פְּרִיטֵי. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 14, 25.—Bava Bathra 165ᵇ פ׳ דכספא small silver coins. the same place (ibid.) 166ᵃ פ׳ דדהבא לא וכ׳ people do not use gold for small change. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 61ᵃ top [read:] סמיכא גבי הדין פ׳ למחר למחר וכ׳ relying on it that he will collect the money (for the cow) the next day; but the next day etc.; בעאי אינון פ׳ (not בעא) I want that money. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᵃ top לית לי פ׳ I have no money; Echah Rabbah to 1, 16 end ולבתר … ונסב פְּרִיטָיךְ (not פריעיך, פרועיך) after a time I shall come and get thy money (for the clothes). Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 41ᵃ bottom of the page אסור למיתן פ׳ וכ׳ you must not put coins in your mouth; and very frequently—Koheleth Rabbah to 11, 9 פריוטי, read: פְּרִיטוֹי, see סְפַן; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Shub., p. 164ᵇ, see פְּשַׁר. Pesikta Rabbati section 23-24 דילמא הוא בעי פ׳ יתר (not פריטות) maybe he wants more money. ↗ original
פְּרִיכָה (פָּרַךְ) crushing; rigorous tyranny. Sotah 11ᵇ; Shemoth Rabbah section 1 (explained בפרך, Exodus 1, 13) בפ׳ it means ‘with rigor’ (opposite to בפׄה רׄךׄ with persuasion); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 163. ↗ original
פְּרִיכוֹרִין (περίχωρα, τὰ; see 70 Deuteronomy 3, 4) district. Devarim Rabbah section 11 אתה נפגשת … בפ׳ שלך וכ׳ (not בפירב׳, בפירכ׳) thou (Jacob) didst meet the angel in thine own territory (on earth), but I (Moses) went up to the angels into their territory; (Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 951 באִפַּרְכְיָא); see פָּרָאכוֹרִין. ↗ original
פְּרִימָה (פָּרַם) tearing, rending of garments. Megillah 1, 7 אין בין … אלא פריעה ופ׳ בלבד there is no legal difference between the locked up and the definite leper, except with regard to letting the hair grow wild and tearing the garments (Leviticus 13, 45). Sifra Thazr., Parah 5, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 9 וטהר מן הפריעה ומן הפ׳ וכ׳ ‘he is clean’ (Leviticus 13, 34), that is, he is free from the duty of etc. Horayoth 12ᵇ (referring to Leviticus 21, 10) שאינו בפריעה ופ׳ כל עיקר that he must not let his hair grow wild or tear his garments at all; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּרִיסוּתָא (פְּרַס) spreading, cover, layer; פ׳ דתרבא the layer of fat which is spread over the cut throat of the sacrifice (see Chullin 27ᵇ). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 1, 8; 3, 3; 14. ↗ original
פְּרִיסְתְּוָתָא (denominative of פריסא, compare Lat. velarius; Syriac (Peshitta) פרסטיותא, פרסתנתא, Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 3281; 3283) curtain-guards, chambermaids. Targum Judges 5, 29 (Hebrew text שרות׳; Pesh. עלימתא). ↗ original
פְּרִיסְתְּקָא (see פַּרְדִּיסְקֵי I) soldier, orderly, policeman. Gittin 56ᵇ אתא פ׳ עליה מרומי a courier came for his sake from Rome and said, Rise, for they have elected thee Cæsar (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a message). Berachoth 58ᵃ שדר עליה פ׳ he (the king) sent an orderly for him (summoning him to appear; Munich manuscript שדר קיסר קרייה). Bava Metzia 86ᵃ שדרו פ׳ דמלכא בתריה (Munich manuscript פ׳ only) they sent a policeman after him (to arrest him). Kethuboth 62ᵃ ולא חליף פ׳ דמלכא וכ׳ and a royal officer never passed his door (to molest him with execution etc.; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) דְּרוּקָא).—plural פְּרִיסְתְּקֵי. Megillah 7ᵃ דילמא פ׳ שדור (Oxford manuscript פ׳ דמלכא) perhaps they sent word through orderlies; Yalkut Shimoni Esther 1059 (singular).—Hebr. form פְּרַסְתְּקִין. Bereshith Rabbah section 41 ילך ויביא לו שני פ׳ מן וכ׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פרצתקין) let him go and bring in two soldiers (common men) from the street and make them his heirs; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 70. ↗ original
פְּרִיעַ 1 (formed frequently participle passive of פְּרַע I) to be uncovered, deprived of; to forfeit. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Exodus 32, 25 … פְּרִיעוּ ית וכ׳ (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 פְּרָעוּ, incorr.) they had forfeited the crown etc. ↗ original
פְּרִיעַ 2 (פְּרַע 2) speed; בפ׳quickly. Bamidbar Rabbah section 19 (transl. סרו מהר, Exodus 32, 8) סטו בפ׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 59ᵃ bottom of the page אינשמת בפ׳ you might have recovered quickly. M’norath Hammaor, edition Stettin, Nr. 9 quoted frequently Kallah, אמאי לא תיתי בפ׳ why dost thou not come quickly? ↗ original
פריעא , Targum Proverbs 25, 18, see פָּדוֹעָא.—[Echah Rabbah to 1, 16, end פריעיך, read: פריטיך, see פְּרִיטָא.] ↗ original
פְּרִיעָה (פָּרַע) letting the hair grow in neglect. Megillah 1, 7, and elsewhere, see פְּרִימָה. Moed Katan 15ᵃ אין פ׳ אלא וכ׳ p’riʿah (Leviticus 13, 45) means, to let the hair grow (opposite to the opinion that parʿa means, to uncover, remove the headdress, see below). uncovering, removing the mourner’s wrap (see עֲטִיפָה). the same place (ibid.) 24ᵃ פְּרִיעַת הראש taking off the mourner’s wrap (on the Sabbath); Bereshith Rabbah section 100. uncovering the corona at circumcision, splitting the membrane and pulling it down. Yevamoth 71ᵇ לא ניתנה פְּרִיעַת מילה וכ׳ Abraham was not commanded to tear etc. Devarim Rabbah section 6, beginning (referring to למולות, Exodus 4, 26) מכאן למילה ומכאן לפ׳ from this we derive circumcision and also uncovering. the same place (ibid.) (referring to המול ימול Genesis 17, 13) שתי מילות מילה ופ׳ two operations, circumcision and uncovering; and elsewhere paying a debt. Bava Bathra 174ᵃ, and elsewhere פריעת בעל חוב מצוה וכ׳ paying a creditor is a religious obligation, and minors (the debtor’s children) are not subject to religious obligations (therefore the guarantor who paid for them must wait until they are of age). ↗ original
פָּרִיץ [he that breaks through, compare בַּרְחָא,] leader, prince, conqueror.— plural פָּרִיצִים, פָּרִיצִין. Bereshith Rabbah section 85; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 145, see רָבָהPi'elunbridled, licentious, impudent.—plural as ab. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 4ᵇ bottom of the page פָּרִיצֵי הדור the impudent (scorners) of that generation. Kiddushin 71ᵃ משרבו הפ׳ היו וכ׳ when the bold (indiscreet) became numerous, the secret of the Divine Name of twelve letters was entrusted only to the discreet etc.; and frequently—ʿUktsin 3, 6 פריצי זתים, see זַיִת; Bamidbar Rabbah section 19 וזהו הפסולת שלהם כפ׳ זתים הפלטים וכ׳ and this (Og who escaped when the Refaïm were beaten) was the refuse among them, like the hard olives that escape being mashed etc.; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 765. ↗ original
פְּרִיצָא 1unbridled, licentious.— plural פְּרִיצֵי. Berachoth 3ᵇ, opposite כשרי. wild, vicious. the same place (ibid.) 54ᵃ גמלא פ׳ (some edition פרצא; Munich manuscript פריקא). ↗ original
פְּרִיצוּתָא (see פְּרִיצָא I) licentiousness, obscenity. Sotah 48ᵃ זמרי גברי … פ׳ when men sing, and women respond, it is licentiousness. the same place (ibid.) 26ᵇ פ׳ בעלמא היא ופ׳ וכ׳ this is merely an act of obscenity (not real adultery), and has the Law forbidden a wife to her husband because of an act of obscenity?; Yevamoth 55ᵇ. Bava Metzia 91ᵃ ואפי׳ משום פ׳ ליכא and it is not even considered an obscenity; and elsewhere—Transferred a bold, licentious woman. Megillah 12ᵇ מכדי פ׳ הואי וכ׳ she (Vashti) being a licentious woman … why did she refuse to appear?; Yalkut Shimoni Esther 1049 (not פ׳ הוא). ↗ original
פָּרִיק (פְּרַק) redeemer. Targum Numbers 5, 8. Targum Ruth 3, 12. the same place (ibid.) 4, 1; and frequently—Echah Rabbah to 1, 16, see פָּרוֹקָא.—plural פְּרִיקַיָּיא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 6, 16. (participle passive) redeemed, see פְּרַק. ↗ original
פְּרִיקָא 2 common gender (פְּרַק) broken, loose, remote. Targum Proverbs 13, 19 פ׳ מן ידיעתא (Hebrew text סור מרע! see 70 a. Pesh.).—Berachoth 54ᵃ גמלא פ׳ Munich manuscript, see פְּרִיצָא. ↗ original
פּרִיקָה (פָּרַק) taking apart, breaking up; untying. Bamidbar Rabbah section 4 בשעת פְּרִיקָתָן וכ׳ at the taking apart of the tabernacle and its furniture etc., see פֵּירוּק. Shabbath 73ᵇ אין דרך פ׳ בכך this is not a way of disjointing.—Esp. untying and relieving a broken-down animal, unloading, opposite טְעִינָה. Bava Metzia 32ᵃ פ׳ בחנם for unloading you must ask no remuneration; the same place (ibid.) 31ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original
פָּרִישׁ 1 name of a fruit, quince. Tosefta Sukkah 2, 9; Sukkah 31ᵃ.—plural פְּרִישִׁים, פְּרִישִׁין. Kilayim 1, 4 (= חֲבוּשִׁין Maimonides); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 27ᵃ, explained אספרלגין, see אִיסְפַּרְגַּל. the same place (ibid.) ולמה … פ׳ שאין לך מין אילן פריש לקדרה וכ׳ why are they called p’rishin (set aside, excellent)? Because there is no species of fruit so well adapted for cooking as this. ↗ original
פָּרֵישׁ common gender Chaldaic (Aramaic) same, separated, set aside, lonely. Targum Jeremiah 15, 17 (Hebrew text בדד). different. Targum Job 12, 3 (Hebrew text נֹפֵל = נִפְלָא!). remote, extraordinary, wonderful, distinguished. the same place (ibid.) 31, 11; 28 (Hebrew text פלילים, פלילי). Targum Onkelos Genesis 49, 26 (Hebrew text נזיר). Targum Psalms 118, 23 (Hebrew text נפלאת); and elsewhere—the same place (ibid.) 139, 14 פְּרִישֵׁית (Hebrew text נפליתי).—plural פְּרִישִׁין; feminine פְּרִישָׁן. Targum Ezekiel 1, 11 (Hebrew text פְּרֻדוֹת). Targum Psalms 131, 1; and elsewhere—5. next word↗ original
פָּרִישָׁא (the preceding) wonderful deed, wonder.— plural פְּרִישָׁן, פְּרִישָׁתָא. Targum Psalms 139, 14. Targum Exodus 33, 16 (not פְּרִישַׂן). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) the same place (ibid.) 13, 8 (edition Vienna edition פְּרִישִׁין masc.). the same place (ibid.) 26, 28. Targum Job 37, 14, and elsewhere פרישתא manuscript (edition פְּרִישׁוּתָא which see). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 4, 35 (not פְּרִישְׁתָא); and frequently—[Targum Job 36, 29, see פְּרִישְׂתָּא.] ↗ original
פְּרִישָׁה 1 (פָּרַשׁ) separation, retirement, preparation. Yoma 8ᵇ שזה פְּרִישָׁתוֹ לקדושה וכ׳ this one (the high priest) is isolated for sanctification (to prepare himself for the functions of the Day of Atonement), and this one (the priest designated to burn the red cow) is isolated for the sake of levitical cleanness. Chullin 72ᵇ משעת פְּרִישָׁתָן מאביהן at the moment when they are cut loose from the main body (the garment); פרישתן מאבר when a piece of the embryo is cut loose from the limb to which it belongs; and elsewhere withdrawal, abstinence. Pesachim 22ᵇ כשם שקבלתי שכר על הדרישה … הפ׳ as I am rewarded for explaining (every את in the Scripture), so I shall be rewarded for abstaining (from interpreting the את in Deuteronomy 6, 13); Kiddushin 57ᵃ. Shabbath 87ᵃ בארבעה עבוד פ׳ on the fourth day of Sivan they began to observe abstinence (Exodus 19, 15); and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּרִישָׁה 2 (?) P’rishah. Sotah 9, 9 (47ᵃ) תחינה בן פ׳ name of a reputed assassin. ↗ original
פְּרִישׁוּת (פָּרַשׁ) separation, parting. Bereshith Rabbah section 70, and elsewhere, see נְשִׁיקָה. (see פָּרוּשׁ) abstinence, restriction, self-restraint, piety. Yoma 74ᵇ פ׳ דרך ארץ the enforced abstinence from marital connection. Bamidbar Rabbah section 10, and elsewhere, see נְזִירוּת. Sotah 9, 15 משמת … טהרה ופ׳ with the death of … ceased the dignity of the Law, and levitical purity and abstinence died out. the same place (ibid.) טהרה מביאה לידי פ׳ ופ׳ וכ׳ levitical cleanness leads to self-control, and self-control to sanctity; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּרִישׁוּתָא (see פָּרִישָׁא) wonderful deed, wonder. Targum Job 37, 14 (manuscript פְּרִישָׁתָא); and frequently—plural פְּרִישְׁוָותָא, פְּרִשְׁ׳. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 3, 20 (O. פְּרִשְׁוָתִי, read תַי …; edition Berlin edition פְּרִישָׁתִי, read תַי …; see Berlin edition Targum Onkelos 2. p. 20). Targum Psalms 77, 12; and frequently ↗ original
פָּרַךְto split, divide off. Denom. (compare מְחִיצָה) פָּרוֹכֶת. to split (grist etc.); to crush, rub, grind. Berachoth 37ᵇ פּוֹרְכָן, see below. Shemoth Rabbah section 31 באחרונה אדם פּוֹרְכוֹ בידו וכ׳ at last (when silver has been worked over several times) one may crumble it in one’s hand, and it is no longer fit for any work. Bava Metzia 89ᵇ יִפְרוֹךְ Manuscript Rome, see below; and elsewhere—participle passive פָּרוּךְ; plural פְּרוּכִים, פְּרוּכִין. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 118, 10-13 (referring to אמילם the same place (ibid.), see מָלַל) והמה פ׳ and they were (shall be) crushed. Pi'el פִּעֵל פֵּרֵךְ, פֵּי׳to split, demolish. Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 39, see פָּכַר. to crush, grind; to crack; to husk. Menachoth 75ᵇ מְפָרְכָן עד וכ׳ (Berachoth 37ᵇ פּוֹרְכָן) he crushes them until he has reduced them to the fineness of the flour of which they had been made. Betzah 12ᵇ מְפָרְכִין קטניות וכ׳ you may husk peas on the Holy Day. Shabbath 53ᵇ סכין ומפרכין לאדם וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. early editions (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 70; edition a. manuscripts מפרכסין, see פִּרְכֵּס I) you may oint a sore and scrape the scab off for a human being (on the Sabbath), but not for a beast; and elsewhere—[the same place (ibid.) 155ᵇ מפרכין תבן, see פְּרַךְ 2.] Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְרִיךְsame, to smash, crack etc. Bava Metzia 89ᵇ לא יַפְרִיךְ … מַפְרִיךְ וכ׳ (Manuscript Rome יִפְרוֹךְ) the laborer must not smash fruits against a rock and eat them, but he may smash them one by one (with his hand) and eat; and elsewhere—[Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 130 מפריכין, read: מפרינין, see פָּרַן.] Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְרָךְto be crumbled; to be cracked; to be scraped, peeled. Bechoroth 37ᵇ יבישה כדי שתהא נִפְרֶכֶת a sore is called dry, when it can be scraped. Chullin 46ᵇ כדי שתִּיפָּרֵךְ וכ׳ that it can be scraped off with the nail. Berachoth 25ᵃ כל זמן שזורקה ואינה נפרכת when he throws it down, and it is not crumbled. Pesikta Rabbati section 11 שנִיפְרָךְ, see פֶּרֶךְ; and elsewhere Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְפָּרֵךְto be crumbled, threshed. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 10, end, 12ᶜ כדי שיִתְפָּרֵךְ ברגלו וכ׳ in order that it (the dung) be trodden down by the feet of men and beasts; (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 118ᵇ שיהא נישוף; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 11, 8 שיישוף). ↗ original
פְּרַךְ 1 , to break, smash, crumble.—participle pass. פְּרִיךְ, פְּרִיכָאcrushed; peeling, brittle. Targum Lamentations 4, 8 (Hebrew text יבש, see Bechoroth 37ᵇ, quoted in the preceding).—Vayikra Rabbah section 8, beginning, see אַצִּיל. Pesachim 68ᵇ יבשה מִפְּרִיךְ פ׳ a dry wart is scraped off (and not cut). Bava Metzia 70ᵃ דהבא פ׳ broken gold-ware (gold dust); Bava Bathra 166ᵃ; and frequently—Transferred to refute, raise an objection. Bava Kamma 5ᵇ, and frequently דאיכא למִיפְרַךְ וכ׳ it may be objected (against this analogy) etc.; see below. Pa'el פִּעֵל פָּרֵךְ, פָּרֵיךְsame. [Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 3, 3. see פְּכַר.) Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 33, 52 תְּפָרְכוּן (not תתפ׳).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᵃ bottom of the page כד מְפָרֵךְ ברישייא when he husks the heads of garlic. Betzah 12ᵇ מהו לפָרוּכֵי וכ׳ dare one husk by rubbing and eat the seeds?; and elsewhere—Transferred to refute, raise an objection. Kiddushin 13ᵃ, and frequently פ׳ רב אחא וכ׳ Rab A. objected etc. Nedarim 51ᵃ כל … פָּרְכָהּ וכ׳ whatever interpretation of toʿebah Rabbi offered, Bar Ḳ. refuted it. Sotah 7ᵃ ופָרְכוּהָ Rashi a. Tosafoth (edition ופֵירְכוּהָ Hebr. form) and he refuted it. Pesachim 69ᵃ; and frequently Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְפָּרַךְ,Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִיתְפְּרַךְ, אִיפְּרַךְ, , אִיפְּרִיךְto be crushed; to be dry, parched, easily peeled. Targum Isaiah 24, 7 (Hebrew text אמלל׳). Targum Psalms 90, 5. the same place (ibid.) 80, 17 מִיפַּרְכָא manuscript (edition מופרכא, correct accordingly; edition Vilna edition מְפָרְכָא participle passive Pa'el; Hebrew text כסוחה).—[Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 33, 52, see above.]—Shabbath 20ᵇ אִיפָּרוּכֵי מִפָּרְכָן (or מְפָרְכָן) they are brittle (unfit to be twisted into wicks). Pesachim 68ᵇ, see above; and elsewhere—Transferred to be refuted. Horayoth 14ᵃ כל דאמר מילתא ולא מִיפְּרַךְ וכ׳ whoever will say something and not be refuted, let him be the chief; דכולהו אִיפְּרִיךְ וכ׳ what every one of them said was refuted, what A. said was not; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּרַךְ 2 (see פֵּירוּכְיָיא), Pa'elפָּרֵיךְto tie dry ears; to bind sheaves. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 37, 7 (see כְּרִיכָא 2).— to untie sheaves or bundles. Shabbath 155ᵇ מפָרְכִינָן תבן וכ׳ (Munich manuscript מפרכין; Oxford manuscript מפספסין) we may untie bundles of straw and of clover and mix them. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְפְּרַךְto be tied up. Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 77ᶜ (referring to תאלמנה, Psalms 31, 19) יִתְפַּרְכַן let them (their lips) be tied up (with referring to מאלמים, Genesis 37, 7, see above); [see חֲרַשׁ, a. correct tied for crushed]; Bereshith Rabbah section 1 אִתְפַּרְכַן. ↗ original
פֶּרֶךְ (פָּרַךְ) (Biblical Hebrew) tyranny, rigor, see פְּרִיכָה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 5, 20ᶜ top שהיו משעבדין בהן בפ׳ וכ׳ who had made them serve with rigor and hard labor. Shemoth Rabbah section 5, and elsewhere, see פָּנוּי; and elsewhere that which is easily crushed, brittle shell, husk. Orlah 3, 7, and frequently אגוזי פ׳nuts with brittle shells, crack-nuts. Pesikta Rabbati section 11 האגוז יש בו ג׳ מינים אגוזי פ׳ וכ׳ there are three kinds of nuts: soft-shell nuts, middling nuts etc.; של פ׳ שניפרך מעצמו the perekh nut which bursts open of itself; כך הוא ישראל … מעצמם אלו של פ׳ so are the Israelites: those among them who do good of their own accord are the crack-nuts; Yalkut Shimoni Song of Songs 992.—plural פְּרָכִים, פְּרָכִין. Rosh Hashanah 13ᵇ עשויין פ׳ פ׳ they (the peas) are husked as you need them. plural as ab. [crushers,] bars of a grate (through which the poking is done). Kelim 12, 3; Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 2, 10. ↗ original
פַּרְכְּוִוי (compare Pers. Varkani, Bact. Vehrkâna for Hyrcania, a. Βαρκάνιοι = Ὑρκάνιοι, Kiepert Atl. d. Alt. Welt 1860, p. 4) Park’vi, name of a country in Northern Ariana. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 10, 3 (edition Vienna edition פַּרְכְוַן); Targum I Chronicles 1, 6 (not פרס׳; Hebrew text ריפת).—Denom. פַּרְכְּוָאֵי masculine plural inhabitants of P. Targum Lamentations 4, 21. ↗ original
פָּרָכוּטֵס (παραχύτης) bathing master (who also kept a restaurant; see Becker-Göll Gallus 1, 157, 3, 156), tavern-keeper. Echah Rabbah to 3, 16 הוליכה … אצל חד פ׳ וכ׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אצל המגרוס, see מָגֵירוֹס) she took her son to a tavern-keeper, and said to him, teach my son the trade etc.; Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 8 פרכוניס (edition Leipz. פרקוניס; correct accordingly). ↗ original
פָּרָכִיטָא = פָּרָכוּטֵס, bathing master. Bereshith Rabbah section 63 כהדין פ׳ שהוא משטף וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition פרב׳, correct accordingly) like the bathing master that first scours the bath etc.; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 110 פרבי׳, פריב׳, (correct accordingly). ↗ original
פַּרְכִּיל (פָּרַךְ; compare פֶּרֶק) [limb,] twig with grapes. ʿUktsin 1, 3 יד הפ׳ the handle (stem) of a vine. Shemoth Rabbah section 15 פ׳ של ענבים; and elsewhere—plural פַּרְכִּילִים. Betzah 30ᵇ; Sukkah 10ᵃ, and elsewhere פּרְכִּילֵי ענבים (Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 7 אשכולות של ענבים). Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 1, 64ᵇ top פַּרְכִּירֵי ענבים. ↗ original
פִּרְכֵּס 1 (enlargement of פָּרַךְ) to rub, scrape. Shabbath 53ᵇ, see פָּרַךְ.—Esp. to grind colors, rub with paint, paint (hair, skin); in a transferred sense to give a deceptive appearance to. Echah Rabbah to 2, 1 והיו … מְפַרְכְּסִין בדם וכ׳ and the men of the country painted (themselves) with the blood of his (the king’s) enemies. Shabbath 34ᵃ זונות מפַרְכְּסוֹת זו את זו וכ׳ harlots paint one another, how much the more must scholars (be regardful of one another’s honor)! Bava Metzia 4, 12 (60ᵃ) אין מְפַרְכְּסִין לא את האדם וכ׳ (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition a. Mishnah Nap. מְפַרְקְסִין) you must not give a deceptive appearance to a human being (slave to be sold) or to a beast or to vessels, see פִּירְכּוּס I. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, end, 9ᵈ מהו אין מפרקסין … צור גרמך what is meant by ‘you must not paint (a slave)’? You must not tell him, paint thyself (to appear younger); and elsewhere ↗ original
פִּרִכֵּס 2 (the preceding) [to rub, grind,] to move convulsively, to struggle, kick. Oholoth 1, 6 הותזו … שמְפַרְכְּסִים וכ׳ if their heads have been cut off, they are unclean (as corpses), although they still move convulsively; כגון זנב … שמְפַרְכֶּכֶת like the tail of the lizzard which moves (after being separated); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 1. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 9, beginning 23ᵇ חלל ולא מְפַרְכֵּס it says ‘slain’ (Deuteronomy 21, 1) but not struggling. Chullin 2, 6 עד שתְּפַרְכֵּס ביד וכ׳ unless the animal (when slaughtered) kicks with the foreleg and the hindleg (see פִּירְכּוּס 2). Bereshith Rabbah section 63 יעקב מפרכס לצאת Jacob (in his mother’s womb) struggled to come out; and frequently ↗ original
פַּרְכֵּס Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 22, 10.—Bava Bathra 142ᵇ, see פִּירְכּוּסָא↗ original
פְּרַכְסִין (πρᾶξις) practice, public life. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 2, 8ᶜ bottom of the page לא אתית … פ׳ דידכון וכ׳ (edition פרוכסין, כרוכסין, correct accordingly) I have come only to see your ways, how you deal, how you judge. ↗ original
פָּרָכָרַגְמָא (παραχάραγμα) false coin, counterfeit. Parah 1, 3 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition פרכדיג׳, correct accordingly), see נוּקָּד. ↗ original
פָּרַם (Biblical Hebrew) to tear open; to strip. Sotah 3, 8 האיש פורע ופוֹרֵם … פורעת ופוֹרֶמֶת the (leprous) man must let his hair grow and tear his garments, but a woman should not etc.; Sifra Thazr. Parah 5, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 12; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 3, end, 19ᵇ. Horayoth 3, 5 כהן גדול פורם מלמטה וכ׳ the high priest in mourning tears his lower garments; the same place (ibid.) 12ᵇ אינו פורם … פּוֹרְמִין he does not tear his garments in the manner ordinary people in mourning do; Sifra Emor Chaldaic (Aramaic) 1, Parah 2; Yoma 73ᵃ; and frequently—participle passiveפָּרוּם; feminine פְּרוּמָה; plural פְּרוּמִים, פְּרוּמִין; פְּרוּמוֹתexposed, bare. Gittin 90ᵇ ופ׳ משני צדדיה bare on both her shoulders; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 9, end, 50ᵈ צדדיה פרומין; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 1, beginning 16ᵇ מְפוֹרָמִין. Pi'el פִּעֵל פֵּרֵםsame. participle passive מְפוֹרָם; plural מְפוֹרָמִין, see above.—[Bereshith Rabbah section 22, end כמפרים some edition, see פָּרַס.] ↗ original
פְּרַם , to cut, split, break into; to chop, hash. Shabbath 74ᵇ האי מאן דפָרֵים סילקא (variant reading in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) דפָרֵיס) he who minces beets (on the Sabbath). Berachoth 39ᵃ פַּרְמִינְהוּ פרימי רברבי Munich manuscript (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פירמי, edition פרימא רבא) if he chopped them into large pieces. Moed Katan 25ᵃ פָּרוּם בבא וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition פרוס; Munich manuscript 2 פרוץ) they broke through the gate, and carried the body out; and elsewhere—5. פְּרוֹמָאָה. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִיפְּרַםto be cut, chopped. Chullin 30ᵇ and the following חזינן גידפי דמִיפַּרְמֵי we see that the feathers (of the throat) are cut through. ↗ original
פַּרְמָקוֹס (φαρμακός) sorcerer. Bereshith Rabbah section 77 variant reading (text פרקמוס, incorr.); Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 6. ↗ original
פַּרְמַשְׁתְּ (Pers. parmâstakh, contrectatus or extensus, Fleisher, appendix to Levys Targumic or Talmudic Lexicon to Levy Talmud Dictionary 4, 229ᵃ) membrum virile. Moed Katan 18ᵃ פַּרְמַשְׁתְּקוֹ (Munich manuscript פַּרְמַשְׁתּוֹ); Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 182 פרמשתו; Yalkut Shimoni Daniel 1062 פרמשתקו. ↗ original
פָּרָן (פָּרַר) a building with a gateway leading from street to street (compare פָּלַשׁ). Tohoroth 6, 9 (interch. with בסילקי, see Maimonides ad loc. (on the passage)).—[R. H. G. reads פָּרוֹן and explains lighthouse (φάρος)—which, however, does not fit the context.] ↗ original
פָּרַן (compare פָּרַם, פָּרַס) to cut, divide; compare פָּסַק,] to assign. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְרִיןto assign, provide, endow. Bava Metzia 5, 5 ומַפְרִין על שדהו variant reading (see פָּרַז) and may make an arrangement for his field; explained the same place (ibid.) 69ᵇ השוכר … ואומר תן לי מאתים זוז ואפרנסנה וכ׳ if one rents a field at a rent of ten Kor of wheat a year, and says, lend me two hundred Zuz and I shall improve the field, and I offer thee twelve Kor a year (see פָּרָהHif'il).—Esp. to endow a bride, to promise a dowry. Bereshith Rabbah section 60 (referring to Genesis 24, 60) they were poor ולא היו מַפְרִינִים אלא בפה and endowed (the bride) only with their mouth (with a blessing); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 109 ולא היו מפרינין אותה וכ׳ (not אותו); Bereshith Rabbah section 74 end מפרינים; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 130 מפריכין (correct accordingly; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) מפריסים, see פָּרַס). ↗ original
פְּרַןAf'elאַפְרַןsame, especially (of the husband) to endow the wife, settle the dowry (מוֹהַר or כְּתוּבָּה). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Exodus 22, 15 מִפְרָנָא יַפְרִין (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 יִפְרָן; Hebrew text מהר ימהר׳). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 21, 13 (Hebrew text ובעלתה). ↗ original
פְּרָן (the preceding) the wife’s settlement, dowry (corresp. to Biblical Hebrew מֹהַר a. later כְּתוּבָּה). [The phonetic coincidence with φερνή gave rise to the forms פרנון, פורנון, a. to combination with פרא, see פָּרָאפוּרְנוֹן.] Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 34, 12 פורן וכתובתא (Hebrew text מהר ומתן).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 7, 31ᶜ top אתא … תיפוק בפלגית פ׳ (not בלא) the case came before R. J., and he decided, let her be sent away with half her dowry; אין שוטה היא בלא פ׳ תיסוב פ׳ שלים … if she is a faithless wife, let her be sent away without any dowry, and if she is not, let her receive her full dowry!; אייתון פַּרְנָהּ וכ׳ they produced her deed of endowment (K’thubah) and found etc. the same place (ibid.) 6, beginning, 30ᶜ פּוּרְנָהּ, see מָרַק. the same place (ibid.) 9, 33ᶜ top אי אבד פרונא וכ׳ (correct accordingly) if the deed of endowment shall ever get lost, you may write another. Bereshith Rabbah section 80 פרנון, see פָּרָאפוּרְנָא; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 134 פּוּרְנוֹן. Bereshith Rabbah section 17; Vayikra Rabbah section 34, and elsewhere פ׳ רב עלי וכ׳ her endowment is too large for me, and I cannot divorce her. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 11, 34ᵇ תבעת פַּרְנָהּ וכ׳ as soon as the widow asks for her dowry, she loses the right of alimentation. Babylonian Kethuboth 67ᵃ (in Hebr. dict.) אשה גובה פ׳ מהם a widow may seize them for her dowry; and frequently—Transferred an endowment, good luck. the same place (ibid.) 54ᵃ bottom of the page (if outfit articles have become cheaper) פ׳ ליתמי it is the heirs’ good luck (i.e. they furnish the outfit as defined by the deceased, at present prices). ↗ original
פְּרַנְגַּן (probably a geographical term) שיראה פ׳p’rangan (parnigan) silk. Targum 2 Esther 5, 1; the same place (ibid.) 6, 10 פרניגן edition Lagarde edition (other edition פרגינן, correct accordingly). 5. next word↗ original
פְּרַנְדָּא (see the preceding) (שירא) שירה פ׳p’randa silk. Sotah 48ᵇ משחרב … בטלה ש׳ פ׳ וכ׳ when the first Temple was destroyed, the use of p. silk and of white glass was suspended. Shabbath 20ᵇ שירא … וש׳ פ׳ לחוד silk is different from p’randa silk. [Sachs, Sachs, Beitrage 2, p. 185 refers to late Greek πράνδιοι (πράνδιον fillet, S.), from which he derives French frange, Engl. fringe.] ↗ original
פִּרְנוּק ; plural פִּרְנוּקִין, (פַּרְנֵק) פִּירְ׳delight. Targum Psalms 119, 24 (edition Vilna edition singular); the same place (ibid.) 92; the same place (ibid.) 143; and elsewhere ↗ original
פַּרְנִיקָא (פַּרְנֵק) delicateness. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 28, 56 פרינ׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 פרקינא (correct accordingly). ↗ original
פרנית , Tanchuma edition Buber edition, Chukkath 3 התחיל מתפרנית עליה probably to be read: מַפְרִיז עליהם (see פָּרַז) he began to raise the price for them (Pesikta Rabbati section 14 עולה עליהם). ↗ original
פַּרְנָךְParnakh, an Amora. Megillah 32ᵃ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 5, 32ᶜ bottom of the page; and frequently ↗ original
פִּרְנֵס (enlargement of פָּרַן) to endow, provide, sustain, cultivate. Bava Metzia 69ᵇ אֲפַרְנְסֶנָּה I will improve the field, see פָּרַן. Shemoth Rabbah section 43, end לך פַּרְנְסָהּ ועשה וכ׳ go and improve it, and make a vineyard of it. Kethuboth 5, 2 נותנין … לפַרְנֵס את עצמה a betrothed maiden is given twelve months time … to make her outfit; כך … לפרנס את עצמו so is the man allowed a certain time to prepare himself. Tosefta Bava Metzia 7, 6 פַּרְנֵס לי מלאכה וכ׳ provide work for me on thy own property, or give me my wages etc.; and frequently—Esp. to provide with the necessaries of life; to support (from the charities). Bava Bathra 8ᵃ במה אֲפַרְנֶסְךָ on what claim shall I support thee?; פַּרְנְסֵנִי ככלב וכ׳ support me as you would a dog or a raven. Gittin 61ᵃ מְפַרְנְסִין עניי נכרים וכ׳ we are bound to support the gentile poor equally with the Jewish poor because of ‘the ways of peace’, see דֶּרֶךְ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) V (3), 4; and very frequently—Bava Bathra 14ᵃ פִּירְנַסְתָּה … צא ופַרְנֵס ארון לרחבו thou hast made provision (explained how) to fill up the Ark in its length, go and fill it in its width. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְפַּרְנֵסto be provided for, be supported; to support one’s self. Kiddushin 4, 14 והן מִתְפַּרְנְסִין שלא בצער and they (beasts and birds) are provided for without any trouble of their own; אינו דין שאֶתְפַּרְנֵס וכ׳ might it not be a proper inference that I (a human being) ought to be sustained without trouble? Kethuboth 67ᵇ אין לו ואינו רוצה להִתְפּרְנֵס וכ׳ if a person has no means and refuses to be supported (from the charities). the same place (ibid.) יש לו ואינו ואינו רוצה להתפרנס if a person has means but refuses to supply himself with the necessaries of life (preferring to starve himself). Berachoth 28ᵃ אי אתה יודע … מִתְפַּרְנְסִים וכ׳ thou knowest nothing of the trouble of the scholars,—how they support themselves and what they live on. Kethuboth 68ᵃ הבנות ניזונות וּמִתְפַּרְנְסוֹת וכ׳ daughters must be fed and provided for (clothed) from their father’s estate. Berachoth 3ᵇ לכו והִתְפַּרְנְסוּ זה מזה go and support yourselves by dealing with one another; and very frequently ↗ original
פַּרְנֵס Targum Ezekiel 34, 8. Targum Isaiah 58, 7; and frequently—Bamidbar Rabbah section 9 ומְפַרְנֵס, see זוּן I Chaldaic (Aramaic) Vayikra Rabbah section 34 והוה מפרנס וכ׳ (see זוּן I Chaldaic (Aramaic)); and elsewhere Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְפַּרְנֵס as the precedingHithpa'el Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 25, 35, and the following Targum Lamentations 5, 6; and frequently ↗ original
פַּרְנָס (the preceding) manager, administrator, leader of a community, chief. Sanhedrin 92ᵃ, see נָהַג. Berachoth 28ᵃ אוי לו לדור שאתה פַּרְנָסוֹ woe to the generation whose leader thou art! Arachin 17ᵃ פ׳ לפי דורו as the generation, so the leader. Yoma 22ᵇ אין מעמידין פ׳ וכ׳ we should appoint chief of a congregation only one behind whom hangs a mass of reptiles (to whose ancestry some blemish is attached), so that, when he becomes overbearing, we can say to him, turn behind thee; and very frequently—plural פַּרְנָסִים, פַּרְנָסִין. the same place (ibid.) 86ᵇ שני פ׳ פובים עמדו וכ׳ two good leaders have arisen for Israel, Moses and David. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 8, 21ᵃ top אין מעמידין פ׳ מחות משלשה we must never appoint less than three managers (of charities). the same place (ibid.) אין מעמידין שני אחין פ׳ two brothers must not be appointed managers of charity. Gittin 60ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original
פַּרְנָס ² Targum Ezekiel 34, 5 (Hebrew text רעה). Targum Isaiah 22, 15 (Hebrew text סכן); and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 8, 21ᵃ ר"ע בעון ממניתיה פ׳ וכ׳ when they wanted to appoint R. A. a manager etc. Arachin 17ᵃ אי מעלי דרא מעלי פ׳ if the generation is good, the leader is good; and frequently—plural פַּרְנָסִין, פַּרְנָסַיָּא. Targum Zechariah 11, 7, and the following Targum Ezekiel 34, 7, and the following; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah the passage cited בעא מוקמה לון פ׳ וכ׳ wanted to appoint managers for them, but none would accept; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 5, 48ᵈ bottom of the page the same place (ibid.) 49ᵃ bottom of the page; and frequently ↗ original
פַּרְנָסָא 2 (the preceding) management, administration. Targum Onkelos Genesis 15, 2 בר פ׳ manager (Hebrew text בן משק); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) בר פַּרְנָסַת ביתי. 5. פַּרְנָסוּתָא. ↗ original
פַּרְנָסָה (the preceding words) provision, maintenance, outfit. Peah 8, 7 פַּרְנָסַת לינה the necessary arrangement for a night’s lodging (for the poor), explained Shabbath 118ᵃ, see פּוּרְיָא 2 Chaldaic (Aramaic); Bava Bathra 9ᵃ; Tosefta Peah 4, 8. Kethuboth 50ᵇ (referring to זן the same place (ibid.)) פ׳ הויא וכ׳ does this mean (bridal) outfit … or sustenance proper? the same place (ibid.) התם לפ׳ הואי there it was about the outfit. the same place (ibid.) 68ᵃ, and elsewhere לפ׳ שמון באב as to the amount for which the heirs are to be assessed for a daughter’s outfit, we are guided by the disposition of her deceased father. the same place (ibid.) (referring to מתפרנסות, the same place (ibid.)) מאי לאו פרנסת הבעל does it not mean the outfit for the husband (dower)? לא בפרנסת עצמה no, it refers to her own support. the same place (ibid.)ᵇ איבדו מזונותיהן ולא איבדו פַרְנָסָתָן they have lost their claim on alimentation (from the estate), but not their claim on an outfit. Berachoth 3ᵇ עמך ישראל צריכין פ׳ Israel, thy people, need a living. Taanith 9ᵃ מטר … פ׳ בשביל רבים rain is granted for the sake of an individual, support (prosperity) for the sake of the many (in public prayers). Bereshith Rabbah section 20; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 106, beginning, see פֶּלֶא. Taanith 19ᵇ עבד שנתן לו רבו פַּרְנָסָתוֹ באחד וכ׳ a slave to whom his master gives his fare (for the week) on the first day of the week; and very frequently ↗ original
פַּרְנָסוּת (see פַּרְנָס) administrative office. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 9, 24ᵃ, see שָׁמַשׁ. ↗ original
פִּרְנֵק (Parel of פָּנַק) to delight; to treat with dainties. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְפַּרְנֵקto enjoy dainties. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 2 מִתְפַּרְנְקִין, see חָטָא I. ↗ original
פַּרְנֵק Targum Psalms 94, 19 יְפַרְנְקוּן edition Lagarde edition (edition יפרקנ׳, יפריקנ׳, correct accordingly).—participle passive מְפַרְנַק; feminine מְפַרְנְקָא, which see Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְפַּרְנֵקto be delighted, enjoy. the same place (ibid.) 119, 16. Targum Job 22, 26. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 33, 19; and elsewhere ↗ original
פָּרַס 1 (Biblical Hebrew) to split, break, especially (see בָּצַע) to break bread and say grace. Rosh Hashanah 29ᵇ לא יִפְרוֹס אדם פרוסה וכ׳ a person should not break bread and say grace for his guests, unless he dines with them אבל פּוֹרֵס הוא לבניו וכ׳ but he may do so for his children and his household in order to train them in religious practice. Pesachim 37ᵃ; Menachoth 78ᵇ (explained מצה הינא) כל שפּוֹרְסָהּ ואין וכ׳ when he breaks it apart, and no cords (of unbaked dough) can be drawn out of it; and elsewhere—participle passive פָּרוּס; feminine פְּרוּסָה; plural פְּרוּסִים, פְּרוּסִין; פְּרוּסוֹת. Vayikra Rabbah section 34 (referring to פָּרֹס, Isaiah 58, 7) הלא תִפְרוֹשׂ … פָרוּס כבר היא פ׳ וכ׳ it does not read, ‘behold, thou shalt break’, but, ‘behold broken’; it (thy bread) is broken for thee, for from the beginning of the year it is decreed etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 1, 21ᵈ bottom of the page בפ׳ when it is a broken piece of an eatable, opposite שלם. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 6, 10ᵇ bottom of the page פ׳ של חטים (supply (understood word) פת) a broken loaf of wheat bread; and frequently—5. פְּרוּס, פְּרוּסָה. (compare פָּרַץ) to break through; participle passive as ab. open, plain. Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 5, 4, see סַוָּאר. to spread. Megillah 3, 3 (28ᵃ) ואין פּוֹרְשִׂין לתוכו מצודות nor dare you spread traps leading into it (the synagogue in ruins). Yoma 3, 4 פָּרְסוּ סדין וכ׳ (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition פָּרְשׂוּ), see סָדִין. Bamidbar Rabbah section 11 הכהנים פּוֹרְשִׂים את כפיהם the priests spread their hands (when blessing). Shemoth Rabbah section 42 אחז … ופ׳ הקב"ה וכ׳ he (Moses) took hold of the divine throne, and the Lord spread his cloak over him. the same place (ibid.) (referring to פּ֗רׄשׄזׄ, Job 26, 9) פׄ' רׄחום שׄדי זׄיו וכ׳ the Merciful Almighty spread the splendor of his cloud over him; the same place (ibid.) section 41 פ׳ והגין עליו הקב"ה the Lord spread (his cloak) over him and protected him; and frequently—Devarim Rabbah section 5 היה פוֹרֵשׂ דיאטגמא וכ׳ (not דאטגמא) he spread (published) a decree wherever he conquered etc.—participle passive as ab. Avoth 3, 16, see מְצוּדָה; and elsewhere—פ׳ על שמע (interch. with פ׳ את שמע) to spread a cloak over the head for the recitation of the prayers preceding the Shmʿa (Ḳaddish and Bar’khu), especially to recite the prayers etc. for the benefit of those who have come too late for the regular service (compare Berachoth 51ᵃ פריס סודרא, quoted in next word). Megillah 4, 3 (23ᵇ) אין פורסין על שמע וכ׳ (Mishnah edition את; Mishnah, editio Pesaro פורשין, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 90) the prayers for the Shmʿa are not read aloud … with less than two persons; [Rashi: to divide the Sh’ma (see above), i.e. to read parts of the prayers preceding the Shmʿa;] Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, 75ᵃ bottom of the page פורסין את שמע. the same place (ibid.) 4, 5 המפטיר … פורס וכ׳, see פָּטַר. the same place (ibid.) 6. Vayikra Rabbah section 23 א"ל פְּרוֹס על שמע פ׳ they said to him, recite the prayers for the Shmʿa; he did; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 2 (mixed dict.) פְּרוֹס לן את שמע פרוס לון (read: פָּרֵיס); and frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְרַס,Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְפָּרֵסto be divided, broken. T’bul Yom 3, 1, see עָרָה 2. Bava Metzia 7, 7 נִתְפָּרְסוּ עיגוליו if his fig cakes were broken; and elsewhere Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְרִיסto assign, give a share, a present. Bereshith Rabbah section 74 end ולא היו מַפְרִיסִים וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition מפרינים) they endowed only with their mouth, see פָּרַן. Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 22 מַפְרִיס והולך, see פְּרָת. (denominative of פַּרְסָה) to part the foot, to have a parted hoof. Sifra Sh’mini, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 5, Parah 4 משוסע, חזיר מפריס the swine parts its foot and is cloven-footed. Chullin 59ᵃ אין לך דבר שמפריס פרסה וכ׳ there is no animal that parts its foot and yet is unclean, except swine; and elsewhere—the same place (ibid.) 51ᵇ ה׳ ע"ג קרקע the animal, after its fall, in attempting to rise made an impression of its parted feet on the ground (an evidence of its spine’s being unaffected).—Transferred to show the cloven foot (like swine, as if saying, ‘I am clean’, see Vayikra Rabbah section 13, end), to pretend piety. Bereshith Rabbah section 22 יצא כמפריס וכמרמה וכ׳ (some edition מפרים, correct accordingly) he went forth like a hypocrite and as one deceiving his Creator; (Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 38; Vayikra Rabbah section 10 כמַעֲרִים, see עָרַם 2). Pi'el פִּעֵל פֵּירֵס, פֵּירֵשׂto spread. Bechoroth 44ᵃ (referring to Exodus 40, 19) רבינו פֵּירְשׂוֹ Moses our teacher spread it (hence he must have been ten cubits high); Shabbath 92ᵃ פרשו; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 372; and elsewhere to put a wrap on, only in פֵּירְסָה נדהshe became menstruous. Kethuboth 2ᵃ. Bereshith Rabbah section 48; and frequently ↗ original
פְּרַס 1to split, divide, break; especially to break bread and say grace. Targum 2 Kings 4, 39 (Hebrew text פלח). Targum I Samuel 9, 13 פריס על מזונא edition Lagarde edition (other edition פ׳ מזונא; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) יַפְרִיס נכסתאAf'el).—Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 947 פָּרֵיס מנחם ויהיב לאבל the comforter breaks the bread and gives it to the mourner (referring to Lamentations 1, 17). Sanhedrin 49ᵃ bottom of the page פריס להו he divided with them, see מוֹנִינֵי. Bava Metzia 40ᵃ פריס ר׳ י׳ שיתא וכ׳ R. J. sold at the rate of six kuzé for etc.; and elsewhere—participle passive פָּרִיס; feminine פְּרִיסָא. Pesachim 37ᵇ והכא כמאן דפ׳ דמיא and here it has the appearance of being broken; Menachoth 78ᵇ (not דמי). Bechoroth 40ᵃ דשפיד ופריס (edition ופרוס, Hebr. form) when the mouth is pointed and (the lip) parted (like that of swine); and elsewhere to divide, arrange; (= Hebrew העריך, סדר) to arbitrate, value. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 27, 8; and frequently—Denom. פּוּרְסָא, פּוֹרָסָא, פּוּרְסָנָא. to distribute, spread; to publish. Targum Job 36, 30. Targum 2 Samuel 17, 19 ופַרְסַת (not ופֵ׳). Targum Proverbs 29, 5; and frequently—participle passive פָּרִיס; feminine פְּרִיסָא; plural פְּרִיסִין; פְּרִיסַן. Targum Exodus 25, 20 (Bxt. פָּרְסִין); and frequently—Targum 2 Esther 4, 8 פָּרִיס published.—Berachoth 55ᵇ בעידנא דפַרְסֵי וכ׳ when they (the priests) spread their hands (to bless). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 20, beginning 17ᶜ הוון פָּרְסִין קילעיה וכ׳ they spread the curtains on the day before up to four cubits, and the next day they spread them entirely. Berachoth 51ᵃ (explained עיטוף) ר׳ אסי פָרֵיס סודרא וכ׳ R. A. used to spread a cloth over his head (before taking up the cup of benediction). Shabbath 48ᵃ. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 17, end, 15ᵈ, see גְּדִישָׁא; and frequently Pa'el פִּעֵל פָּרֵיסto spread. Targum Lamentations 1, 17; and elsewhere (Pali) פַּרְסִי (see Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 3276) to publish, divulge. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 38, 25 מפרסיא (Yerushalmi (prefix) I מפרסמא). Af'el הִפְעִיל אַפְרֵסto distribute, arrange. Targum I Samuel 9, 13 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (see above). to spread forth. Targum Isaiah 25, 11. (see the precedingHif'il) to set the foot. Targum 2 Esther 1, 2. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְפָּרַסto be spread, published. the same place (ibid.) 3, 15; 8, 13, and the following אתפרסת Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word דיטגמא (edition אתפרסמת).—Echah Rabbah to 2, 2 ולא תִתְפַּרְסִין וכ׳ (frequently פַּרְסִי) rather than that the secrets of the government be divulged. ↗ original
פָּרַס 2 (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun Persia. Esther Rabbah to 1, 3 כשהמלכות במדי פ׳ טפילה לה כשהמלכות בפ׳ וכ׳ when the government is in Media, Persia is named as an attachment to it, and when the government is in Persia, Media is etc. the same place (ibid.) למה קרין אותה פ׳ וכ׳ why is it called Paras?, see פְּרוּסָה; and frequently—[Devarim Rabbah section 10, and elsewhere פ׳, a censorial change, for רומי.].—Targum 2 Chronicles 36, 20; 22; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּרָס (פָּרַס) part, half, see פְּרוּס. a piece, especially a certain quantity of bread. Nega'im 13, 9 כדי אכילת פ׳ פת חטין וכ׳ as much time as is required for eating a piece, that is, a piece of wheat bread etc. the same place (ibid.) 10. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 7, 10 וכמה הוא פ׳ חצי וכ׳ and how much is a p’ras? Half a loaf, of which three make a Kab; Tosefta Mikvaoth 7 (8), 6; Eruvin 83ᵃ; and frequently—plural פְּרָסִים; Dualפְּרָסַיִים. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, 2ᵇ bottom of the page אכילת פ׳ eating two p’rasim (with interruption); the same place (ibid.) כמה זתים בכמה פ׳ several olive sizes of eatables eaten within a time required for eating several pieces; Yerushalmi (prefix) Horayoth 3, 47ᵇ bottom of the page—Transferred the fare received by members of a household, or by slaves. Eruvin 72ᵇ במקבלי פ׳ שנו the Mishnah speaking of brothers eating at their father’s table means those receiving, each his separate fare, at the hands of their father. the same place (ibid.) 73ᵃ מי שיש לו … מקבלות פ׳ וכ׳ if a man has five wives (occupying separate dwellings in one court) receiving their fare at the hands of their husband, and five slaves receiving etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, beginning 63ᶜ הוא תובע פְּרָסוֹ ממנו he (the slave) begs him for his fare; (the same place (ibid.) פרנסתו). the same place (ibid.) סמוך לפרסו near the period when his fare is due. Avoth 1, 3, see עֶבֶד; and frequently P’ras, half a Maneh (מָנֶה). Eduy. 3, 3 מנה ופ׳ each weighing one Maneh and a half. Peah 8, 5; and frequently—מנה בן פ׳, see מָנֶה. P’ras, half the length of a furrow (see below); בית (ה)פ׳ an area of a square P’ras, especially a field, of a square P’ras, declared unclean on account of crushed bones carried over it from a ploughed grave. Moed Katan 5ᵇ החורש את הקבר הרי הוא עושה בית פ׳ וכמה הוא עושה חצי מענה וכ׳ Munich manuscript a. Rashi (edition מלא מענה, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) he who ploughs over a grave, makes a beth-p’ras (an unclean field), and how much of it does he make unclean? Half the length of a furrow of one hundred cubits; Oholoth 17, 1 החורש … עושה בית פ׳ … מאה אמה בית ארבעה סאים he who ploughs etc.; how far does he make it unclean? (Half) the size of a furrow of a hundred cubits (in all directions), which is a square of the capacity of four S’ahs of seed; Niddah 57ᵃ; Tosefta Oholoth 17, 1. Oholoth 17, 2 בית פ׳ עושה בית פ׳ an unclean field may create another unclean field (if the plough passes over and beyond it). Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 17, 4 אבל עולה הוא כמדת הפ׳ (read: במדת; Rabbenu Shimshon to Oholoth 17, 3 כמדת בית הפ׳) but it is counted in so as to complete the measure of a beth-p’ras; and frequently—plural בית פְּרָסוֹת. Oholoth 18, 2 (Moed Katan 5ᵇ בית פרס). [Maimonides explains בית הפ׳, by referring to פָּרַסto extend, the area of extension; Rashi, by referring to פָּרַסto break, an area of bone splinters.] ↗ original
פְּרַס 2 as the preceding 2, the slave’s or serf’s fare. Targum 2 Samuel 8, 2; 6 עבדין נטלי פ׳ serfs working for their fare (Hebrew text נושאי מנחה); Targum I Chronicles 18, 2 נטלי פ׳ מקרבי דורון; the same place (ibid.) 6 נטלי פ׳ מסקי מסין (combining two interpretations). ↗ original
פָּרָס (פָּרַס) curtain, canopy, baldachin. Bamidbar Rabbah section 10 כמין פ׳ שטחה לו וכ׳ she (Pharaoh’s daughter) spread over him (Solomon) a sort of baldachin in which were fixed precious stones etc.—plural פָּרָסִין. Ylamdenu to Numbers 15, 37 quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see קִיטָּי. net. Tosefta Betzah 3, 1 (ה)מעלה את פְּרָסוֹ וכ׳ (variant reading כל שפרסוהו) if one puts up his net on the eve of the Holy Day, and, coming in on the Holy Day, finds it disturbed. ↗ original
פְּרָסָא , curtain, cover. Targum 2 Samuel 17, 19 (Hebrew text מסך). Targum Numbers 3, 25, and the following; and frequently—Chullin 8ᵇ, see בְּלִיתָא. Megillah 26ᵇ האי פְּרִיסָא וכ׳ (Rashi פרסא) to make of an old curtain (covering the ark which contains the Torah scrolls) a cover for books; and elsewhere—plural פְּרָסֵי. Sukkah 20ᵇ חזו לפ׳ ונפוותא are fit for covers and sieves (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh): for sifting nets and sieves). ↗ original
פַּרְסָא = Hebrew פַּרְסָה I, Persian mile.—plural פַּרְסִין, פַּרְסֵי. Targum Isaiah 10, 32. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 21, 35; and elsewhere—Chullin 59ᵇ. Pesachim 94ᵃ; and elsewhere Persian. Bava Kamma 55ᵃ גמלא פ׳ (manuscripts H. a. R. פרסאה) a Persian camel, contradistinguished to an Arabian camel. Kiddushin 72ᵃ, see נוּד Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original
פַּרְסָה 1Persian mile (parasang). Bava Kamma 82ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 68ᶜ; and frequently—plural פַּרְסָאוֹת. Pesachim 93ᵇ, and the following; and elsewhere—[Shevi'ith 5, 1, and elsewhere, see פַּרְסִי.] ↗ original
פַּרְסָה 2split hoof; foot; toes (see אִסְפֶּירֶס). Chullin 59ᵃ, see פָּרַס I. the same place (ibid.) 68ᵇ (referring to בבהמה ‘in the animal, Leviticus 11, 3) פ׳ הֶחֱזִיר וכ׳ if the embryo, having put forth its feet, withdrew one foot, you may eat it (when the mother is ritually slaughtered); if it withdraws ‘feet’, you may eat it; and frequently—Mikvaoth 5, 6 פַּרְסַת החמור וכ׳ the water gathered in the depression created by asses marching in the valley; (Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 5, 1 פַּרְסוֹת רגלי בהמה).—plural פְּרָסוֹת. Chullin the passage cited the same place (ibid.) 59ᵃ פַּרְסוֹתֶיהָ חתוכות its hoofs were cut off. Sifré Deuteronomy 2 אילו זכו … שעלו פַרְסוֹת רגליהם וכ׳ if the Israelites had been good, they would have entered Palestine as soon as their feet had come up from the sea; and frequently—בית הפ׳ the legs. Chullin 55ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 7, 35ᵃ bottom of the page; (Chullin 9, 2 הפ׳ only). ↗ original
*פַּרְסוֹף 1 (a corruption of præpositus, compare our provost and German Profoss) executive officer, executioner. Y’lamd, to Genesis 38, 1 quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) בלשי מסר לפ׳, see בַּלְשִׁי. ↗ original
פַּרְסִי ²Persian. Esther Rabbah to 1, 22 פ׳ נושא … מדברת בלשון פ׳ when a Persian marries a Median woman, she must speak Persian. the same place (ibid.) to 1, 11 לא מדית ולא פ׳ אלא כשדית is neither a Median nor a Persian woman, but a Chaldean; and elsewhere—plural פַּרְסִים, פַּרְסִיִּים, פַּרְסִיִּין, פַּרְסִיּוֹת. Kiddushin 72ᵃ. Berachoth 8ᵇ בשלשה … אני אוהב את הפ׳ for the sake of three things I love the Persians. Esther Rabbah the passage cited; and elsewhere—Shevi'ith 5, 1 הפַּרְסָיוֹת Munich manuscript (edition הפַּרְסָאוֹת) Persian figs (or dates); Sifra B’har, Parah 1, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 1; Tosefta Shevi'ith 4, 1 הפרסאות. ↗ original
פַּרְסָי [Targum 2 Esther 1, 8 פרסאה, read: פַּרְסָאֵי].—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 6, 10ᵇ bottom of the page חד פרסי edition Lehm. (other edition פרסוי, read פרסיי) a Persian Jew. Bava Kamma 59ᵃ דקלא פ׳, see דִּקְלָא. Shevuoth 34ᵇ ההוא דינא פ׳ הוא that is Persian law (arbitrariness); Bava Kamma 58ᵇ דינא דפרסאה (Manuscript Rome דינא פרסאה; Rashi דינא דפַרְסָאֵי); and elsewhere—plural (פַּרְסֵי) פַּרְסָאֵי. Targum 2 Esther the passage cited Targum Esther 1, 14; and elsewhere—Avodah Zarah 24ᵇ כמאן קרו פ׳ לספרא דביר by what authority do the Persian Jews call a book d’bir? the same place (ibid.) see דִּיסְתָּנָא 2. Yoma 77ᵃ, see אִיסְרָא 2; Yalkut Shimoni Ezekiel 347. the same place (ibid.) בשני דפ׳ (Yoma the passage cited במלכותא דפרס, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 3) during the years of the Persian rule; and elsewhere—Fem.פַּרְסָאִיתָא. Targum 2 Esther 1, 16.—plural פַּרְסְיָאתָא, פַּרְסְיָיתָא. the same place (ibid.) 12.—Berachoth 44ᵇ, see אוּפֵי. Shabbath 143ᵃ ודפרסייתא Rashi (edition ודפַרְסְיָתָא) and the stones of Persian dates. ↗ original
פַּרְסַכְנָא (פְּרַס, see פְּרָסָא; compare formation of אוּשְׁפְּזִיכְנָא) curtain-like, net-like. Shabbath 154ᵇ בגואזא פ׳ (Munich manuscript ופ׳, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note), see גַּוָּוזָא I. ↗ original
פִּרְסֵם (enlargement of פָּרַס) to spread, divulge, publish; to uncover, expose. Yoma 86ᵇ מְפַרְסְמִין, see חָנֵף. Sotah 9ᵃ היא עשתה … פִּירְסְמָהּ בגלוי she acted in secret, the Lord exposes her in public. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 70ᵇ top רבי היה מְפַרְסֵם עצמו וכ׳ Rabbi used to make himself conspicuous (act ostentatiously) on two days in the year (as a protest against certain ritual restrictions). Bamidbar Rabbah section 21 כשם שהקב"ה … לפַרְסְמָן וכ׳ as the Lord busies himself with the praise of the righteous in order to make them known in the world, so etc. the same place (ibid.) פנחס פִּירְסְמוֹ לשבח וכ׳ he published Phineas for praise, and Zimri for blame. the same place (ibid.) ופי׳ את בתו בקלון and exposed his daughter for prostitution. Tanchuma Ki Thissa 16 מה כלה … ואינה מְפַרְסֶמֶת עצמה וכ׳ as the bride is retired in her father’s house and does not unveil herself (show herself in public) until she is about to enter the bridal chamber …: so must a scholar be retired, and be revealed (renowned) by his good deeds; Shemoth Rabbah section 41; and frequently—participle passive מְפוּרְסָם; feminine מְפוּרְסֶמֶת; plural מְפוּרְסָמִים, מְפוּרְסָמִין; מְפוּרְסָמוֹת. the same place (ibid.) Vayikra Rabbah section 32 בזמן שאינו מפ׳ when he is not generally known (as a bastard). Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 391 מפ׳ במעשיו … שהיא מפ׳ well-known by his deeds, as the bride is unveiled (on her wedding day), see above; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 36 יצא חם … וכלב מפ׳ בתשמישו Ham came out of the ark black, and the dog disgraced by the mean way of his copulation; Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, end, 64ᵈ מְפוּרְצָם (Sanhedrin 108ᵇ כלב נקשר). Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְפַּרְסֵם,Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְפַּרְסֵםto be published, made known, exposed. Vayikra Rabbah the passage cited (referring to Leviticus 6, 18) במקום … כדי שלא יִתְפַּרְסְמוּ החטאים ‘in the place where the burnt offering is killed shall the sin offering be killed’, … in order that the sinners be not exposed to shame. the same place (ibid.) אבל אם נ׳ but if he is known (as a bastard); and elsewhere ↗ original
פַּרְסֵם Targum 2 Esther 1, 12 לא תְפַרְסְמִי וכ׳ do not defame thy name etc. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 16, 26. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 28, 30. Targum 2 Chronicles 6, 30 (different interpretation or differently interpreted in I Kings 8, 39); and frequently—participle passive מְפַרְסַם; feminine מְפַרְסְמָא; plural מְפַרְסְמָן. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 38, 25 (see פְּרַס I). Targum Job. 26, 6 (Hebrew text ערום). Targum Song of Songs 2, 17 מפרסמן uncovered (unprotected); and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 7, end, 25ᵈ אנא מְפַרְסֵם ליך I shall expose (denounce) thee. Pesachim 112ᵃ פַּרְסוּמֵי ניסא to make public the wonderful event (by a symbolical act); Shabbath 24ᵃ; and frequently Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְפַּרְסֵם, אִתְפַּרְסֵים, , אִיפַּ׳to be spread, revealed, exposed. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 2, 14. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 22, 41 (see Targum Song of Songs the passage cited). Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 12, 13. Targum 2 Esther 3, 15; 8, 14 (see פְּרַס I); and frequently ↗ original
פַּרְסָנִית (denominative of פַּרְסָה 2) run-about. Bereshith Rabbah section 18, and elsewhere, see פַּרְדָּנִית.—plural פַּרְסָנִיּוֹת. Bereshith Rabbah section 45 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition יוצאניות), see יוֹצְאָנִית. ↗ original
פַּרְסֵק (Περσικόν, supply (understood word) μῆλον) peach; peach tree. Bereshith Rabbah section 42 תפוח ופ׳ apple and peach trees; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 72. Bava Metzia 116ᵇ דלית שע"ג פ׳ זה וכ׳ I sell thee a grape vine overhanging this peach tree; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 10, 12ᶜ פַּרְסֵיקוֹ, see דָּלִית. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 1, 27ᵃ bottom of the page גוי … ע"ג פ׳ a gentile who engrafted a shoot of a nut tree on a peach tree; and elsewhere—plural פַּרְסְקִים, פַּרְסְקִין. Kilayim 1, 4 הפ׳ והשקדין וכ׳ (Babylonian edition השק׳; Munich manuscript האפרסקין) peaches (and) almonds … although resembling one another are heterogeneous. Maasroth 1, 2 Yerushalmi (prefix) edition (Babylonian a. Mishnah edition האפ׳). Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 7, 20ᵃ bottom of the page (see פַּנְקְרִיסִין); and elsewhere—[Tosefta Maasroth 1, 1 הפרסקין, read: הפִּיסְטְקִין.] ↗ original
פִּרְסְקָא feminine Chaldaic (Aramaic) same. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 7, 20ᵃ bottom of the page אפיק לון אריסא חדא פ׳ וכ׳ the tenant brought out one peach for them of which they and the drivers ate etc.; (Kethuboth 112ᵃ אַפַּרְסְקָא דהוה כאילפס וכ׳ a peach as large as a pot etc.); and elsewhere—plural פִּרְסְקַיָּא, פִּרְסִיקַ׳, פִּירְ׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 1, 27ᵃ bottom of the page מה נפיק מינהון קדריה פִּרְסְקַיָּה (Rabbenu Shimshon to Kilayim 1, 4 קירדו פרסיקיא read קרְוַיָּה or קַרְוֵי) what comes out of them (nut engrafted on peach)? (Κάρυα περσικά) Persian walnuts (also called basilicæ nuces, see פְּסַלְקָאוֹת).—[Chullin 141ᵇ פרסקי, see next word] ↗ original
פָּרַע (b. h; compare פרם, פרס) to tear, destroy; to loosen, disarrange; to neglect the hair. Pesikta Rabbati section 29-30-30 (edition Friedman p. 139ᵇ), see רָפָא. Sotah 3, 8 האיש פּוֹרַעַ … פּוֹרַעַת Sifra Emor, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 1, Parah 2 כדרך שבני אדם פּוֹרְעִים וכ׳ in the same way that ordinary men (in mourning) neglect their hair and tear their garments; and frequently to uncover. the same place (ibid.) (referring to Leviticus 21, 10) [read:] אילו אמר ראש לא יפרע ובגד לא יפרוס יכול לא יִפְרַע ולא יפרום של סוטה ת"ל ראשו if the text read, the head … and the garment …, I might have thought it meant, he shall not uncover the head etc., in the sense in which parʿa is used in connection with the faithless wife (Numbers 5, 18); see Horayoth 12ᵇ. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Shor, p. 77ᵃ פּוֹרְעִין את ראשיהם וכ׳ they uncovered their heads (when the royal proclamation was read, see פְּרוֹסְטַגְמָא); Vayikra Rabbah section 27 ופָרְעוּ את וכ׳. the same place (ibid.) לא הטרחתי … ולא פורעין וכ׳ I have not put you to trouble, I have not ordered you to read the Sh’mʿa standing on your feet and uncovering your heads, but ‘when thou sittest etc.’ (Deuteronomy 6, 7). Chullin 91ᵃ פְּרַע להן בית השחיטה uncover the place of cutting for them (show them that the animal has been cut according to the ritual); and elsewhere—participle passive פָּרוּעַ; feminine פְּרוּעָה; plural פְּרוּעִים, פְּרוּעִין; פְּרוּעוֹת. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 8, 4 (referring to פָּרֻעַ, Exodus 32, 25) אין פ׳ אלא נקובparuʿa means hollowed (made void); Bamidbar Rabbah section 7 אין פ׳ אלא לשון צרוע paruʿa is a figurative expression for leprous (see Leviticus 13, 45). the same place (ibid.) פְּרוּעַ ראש, פְּרוּעֵי ראש bareheaded. Bamidbar Rabbah section 19 ונראו כאשה פ׳ and they appeared like a woman with uncovered head; and frequently—Transferred to uncover one’s self for a human need. Yoma 77ᵃ (referring to Ezekiel 8, 16) שהיו פורעין עצמן והיו … כלפי מטה (מטה euphem. for מעלה) they uncovered themselves and committed a nuisance towards heaven; Kiddushin 72ᵇ מפְרִיעִין Hif'il Bereshith Rabbah section 86 שהיה פורע עצמו לע"ז (Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 145 פוער), see פּוֹטִינוֹס; and elsewhere to uncover the corona, to split the membrane and pull it down. Shabbath 19, 2. Bamidbar Rabbah section 11; and frequently [to solve a connection (Lat. solvo; compare לָוָה),] a) to pay a debt. Bava Bathra 5ᵃ הקובע … פְּרַעְתִּיךָ בתוך זמני וכ׳ if a person fixes a time (in a note) for his neighbor, and the latter says, I have paid thee within the term assigned to me, he is disbelieved (he is not admitted to an oath); ולואי שיפרע בזמנו (for we say,) would that a man paid his debt when it is due! the same place (ibid.) 6ᵃ כאומר לא פָרַעְתִּי דמי, see לָוָה; and very frequently—participle passive as ab. Kethuboth 19ᵇ אסור … שטר פ׳ בתוך ביתו a man should not keep a satisfied document of indebtedness in his house. Shevuoth 7, 7 ועד אחד מעידה שהיא פ׳ and if there is one witness against her testifying that it (her dowry) has been paid. Bava Bathra 10, 7; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 78 (play on פׄרׄת עלי עין, Genesis 49, 22) עלי לִפְ֗רׄוׄעַ לך מן אותה העין it is for me to pay thee for that eye (for protecting thy mother from Esau’s lustful eye); the same place (ibid.) section 98 עלי לפרוע לך אותה וכ׳; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 133 עלי לפרוע אותו עין.—b) פ׳ מןto settle with; to punish. Bamidbar Rabbah section 11 כשפ׳ הקב"ה … לא פ׳ אלא יחידי when the Lord punished the generation of the flood, he punished singlehanded (not through several angels). Bava Metzia 4, 2 מי שפ׳ מאנשי … הוא עתיד להִפָּרַע וכ׳ he who punished the men of the generation of …, will punish him who does not stand by his word (although the court cannot compel him); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 14; Bava Metzia 47ᵇ, and the following לִפָּרַע וכ׳. Shemoth Rabbah section 10, beginning Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 8, 14 אין הקב"ה פורע מֵאוּמָּה וכ׳ the Lord punishes no nation here below before degrading its genius above; and frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְרַעto uncover one’s self (for a human need). Berachoth 62ᵃ אין נִפְרָעִין מעומד וכ׳ you must not uncover yourself standing, but only after you are seated (Manuscript Florence יִפָּרַע עד שישב), see Pi'el with מן, to collect payment from; in a transferred sense to call to account, punish. Bava Bathra 5ᵇ, and elsewhere הבא לִיפָּרַע … לא יִפָּרַע אלא בשבועה he who comes to collect from heirs, cannot collect except on oath. Shevuoth the passage cited הנִפְרַעַת שלא בפניו לא תִפָּרַע אלא וכ׳ she who claims (her dowry) in the husband’s absence (suing the estate), can get it only on oath; וכן היתומים לא יִפָּרְעוּ וכ׳ and so heirs cannot collect (from heirs) etc. Berachoth the passage cited כשם שנִפְרָעִין וכ׳, see סַפְדָּן. Bava Metzia the passage cited, see above. Sifra Aḥăré, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 12, Parah 9 אני דיין להִיפָּרֵעַ וכ׳ I am the judge (having the power) to punish, and can be relied upon to pay reward; אני הוא שפרעתי … ועתיד לִיפָּרַע וכ׳ I am he that punished …, and that shall punish you etc.; and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל פֵּירַעto disarrange, especially to mutilate, unman. Sotah 13ᵇ בא … ופֵירְעוֹ Gabriel came and unmanned him (used as play on פטיפׄרׄעׄ); Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 145 בא … וסרסו ופֵרְעוֹ. to uncover. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 14ᶜ top לא פי׳ עד שישב he did not uncover (himself) etc., see above. Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 32 פֵּירְעָה את עצמה וכ׳ she uncovered herself and sat down etc.—participle passive מְפוֹרָע; feminine מְפוֹרַעַת. the same place (ibid.) Chullin 30ᵃ, and elsewhere שחיטה מפ׳ an open (gaping) cut. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְרִיעַto uncover, see above. ↗ original
פְּרַע 1to disarrange; to tear open, uncover. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 43, 16 (see Chullin 91ᵃ quoted in the preceding). Targum Numbers 5, 18; and elsewhere—participle passive פְּרִיעַ; plural פְּרִיעִין, פְּרִיעֵי. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 13, 45. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 32, 25; and elsewhere, see פְּרִיעַ I.—Chullin 50ᵇ היכא דפַרְעֵי טבחי where the butchers tear open, see מַפְרַעְתָּא; the same place (ibid.) 76ᵃ היכא דפרעי טבחי the place which the butchers strike when they begin to flay; and elsewhere to pay, retribute. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 24, 15. Targum Proverbs 6, 31. the same place (ibid.) 22, 27 דתִפְרַע manuscript (edition דפריע, correct accordingly). Targum Psalms 7, 5. the same place (ibid.) 9; and frequently—Shevuoth 41ᵇ כי פְּרַעְתִּין פַּרְעִין לי באפי וכ׳ (Munich manuscript כי פַרְעַת לי פַּרְעָן) when you pay it (the money, see פְּרִיטָא), pay me in the presence of etc.; אזל ופַרְעֵיה באפי תרי וכ׳ he went and paid him in the presence of two outsiders. the same place (ibid.) כי פרעת לי פּוֹרְעָן לי וכ׳; and frequently Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְפָּרַע, אִיפָּרַע,Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְפְּרַע, אִיפְּרַעto be paid; to be paid back. Targum Proverbs 12, 14; and elsewhere = the precedingNif'al, to collect, call to account; to be revenged, take revenge. the same place (ibid.) 22, 23. Targum Judges 16, 28. Targum I Samuel 8, 20 (Hebrew text ושפט׳). Targum Jeremiah 2, 9; and frequently—Sotah 22ᵇ לִיתְפְּרַע, גּוּנְדָּא 2.—Bava Metzia 16ᵃ זוזי … אִפָּרוּעֵי (Manuscript Hamburg אִתְפָּרוּעֵי) all he wants is to collect the money (debt). Yoma 22ᵇ אִפַּרְעוּ מיניה (Tosafoth אִיפָּרוּעֵי אִיפָּרְעֵי) they (in heaven) punished him; the same place (ibid.) אפרעו מגופיה, see לַאי; Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 121; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּרַע 2 (compare פרח) [to break through,] to fly. 5. פְּרִיעַ 2. Af'el הִפְעִיל אַפְרִיעַto cause to bloom. Targum Proverbs 14, 11 מפריע edition Lagarde edition variant reading (edition מפריח). ↗ original
פֶּרַעlong, entangled hair. Bamidbar Rabbah section 11 נוזרים … ומגדלים פ׳ abstain from wine and grow long hair. Sifra Thazr., Parah 5, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 12 (referring to פרוע, Leviticus 13, 45) לגדל פ׳ that means, to let the hair grow (as against R. ʿĂḳiba who explains פרועuncovered, see פָּרַע); and elsewhere thick growth of bushes. Tosefta Oholoth 9, 3, see next word↗ original
פְּרָעָה , plural פְּרָעוֹת(Biblical Hebrew; = the preceding, wild irregular growth, especially the case of protruding boughs on one of which is an uncleanness, see סְכָכָה. Oholoth 8, 2 והפ׳, explained היוצאות מן הגדר which protrude from the hedge; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 9, 3 פֶּרַע היוצא מן וכ׳; Nazir 7, 3; 54ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 7, 56ᶜ (homilet.) payment, retribution. Shabbath 119ᵇ (referring to Judges 5, 2) מ"ט בפרוע פרעות משום דברכו ה׳ why are decreed punishments disarranged (reversed)? Because of ‘praise the Lord’; Yalkut Shimoni Judges 46. ↗ original
פַּרְעֹה (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Pharaoh, the Egyptian king. Moed Katan 18ᵃ פ׳ שהיה בימי משה the Pharaoh of Moses’ time. Shemoth Rabbah section 8 מי גרם לפ׳ שילקה what was the cause of Pharaoh’s being smitten?; and very frequently ↗ original
פְּרַעְתָּא (פְּרַע 1) open wound. Avodah Zarah 28ᵃ Munich manuscript (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note; edition פְּדַעְתָּא). ↗ original
פָּרַף (denominative of פורפא πόρπη) to clasp. participle passive פָּרוּף; feminine פְּרוּפָה; plural פְּרוּפִים, פְּרוּפִין; פְּרוּפוֹת. Yoma 5, 1 החיצונה היתה פ׳ וכ׳ the outer curtain was held back by a clasp on the north side, and the inner curtain on the south side (so as to make room for entering, without exposing to view the Holy of Holies). to fasten a garment over the shoulder by attaching a weight to its overhanging corner. Shabbath 6, 7 פּוֹרֶפֶת על האבן וכ׳ a woman may wear a cloak thrown over her shoulder weighted by a stone or a nut; ובלבד שלא תִפְרוֹף וכ׳ provided she does not attach the weight for the first time on the Sabbath (see Shabbath 65ᵇ); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4 (5), 13 פורפת בתחילה בדבר וכ׳ she may attach a weight for the first time using an object which it is permitted to handle on the Sabbath; and elsewhere—participle passive as ab. Shabbath 6, 6 ומדיות (יוצאות) פ׳ Median women may go out on the Sabbath with their cloaks thrown over their shoulders etc. ↗ original
פרפונדא , Tosefta Bava Metzia 8, 14 נתנו בפ׳, read: בּפִי פוּנְדָּא, see פּוּנְדָּא↗ original
פִּרְפּוּר (פִּרְפֵּר 2) writhing, agony. Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Ḥănina); Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 279, see שַׁוְעָה. ↗ original
פַּרְפְּחִינָא (reduplic. of פרח) purslane(Hebrew .—plural פַּרְפְּחִינַיָּא, נַיָּה …; פַּרְפְּחִינִין, נֵי … Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 7, 21ᵃ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 3, 20ᵈ top of the page Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 9, beginning 38ᶜ פרפחוניא; Megillah 18ᵃ פרפחיני manuscripts O. a. L. פרפחניה; Munich manuscript 2 פרפחיניה; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 60); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, beginning 73ᵃ פרחינון (correct accordingly). ↗ original
פרפלי , Shabbath 141ᵃ האי פ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), misread for הני פילפלי as in edition ↗ original
פִּרְפֵּרPilp. of פָּרַר) to crush, crumble, pulverize. Tosefta Shabbath 12 (13), 14 מְפַרְפְּרִין גלוסקין וכ׳ you may crumble a piece of fine bread (into milk etc.) for a sick person etc. Betzah 17ᵇ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 4 פ׳ ביצה על וכ׳ if one crumbles a hard-boiled egg over fish; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 61ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original
פִּרְפֵּר ² (the preceding; compare פִּרְכֵּס I a. 2) [to grind,] to move convulsively, struggle (in agony). Sanhedrin 37ᵇ והרוג מְפַרְפֵּר and (you saw) the slain struggle; Shevuoth 34ᵃ. Yoma 23ᵃ עדיין בני מפרפר my son is still moving (not yet dead; the same place (ibid.)ᵇ קיים); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 12; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 39ᵈ top; Sifré Numbers 161; and elsewhere ↗ original
פַּרְפֵּר ² Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 42, 21 מְפַרְפֵּר קדמנן Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Levita (Hebrew text בהתחננו, compare חָבַט; edition מפייס לנא).—Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 4 עבד ומפרפר כל ההוא ליליא (not יומא) he spent the entire night moving about restlessly, see דַּמְדֵּם. Echah Rabbah to 2, 12 הוה מפרפר ומאית struggled in convulsions and died (from starvation). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 3, 34ᶜ bottom of the page חמתיה מפרפר ויהב ליה he saw him (the starving man) in convulsions, when he gave him to eat. ↗ original
פַּרְפַּרְיָין = next word, a dish of bread crumbs and vegetable, mash. Bereshith Rabbah section 17; Vayikra Rabbah section 34; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 665; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 352. ↗ original
פַּרְפֶּרֶת (פִּרְפֵּר 1) [crumbs,] a minor dish, salad, hash etc.; פ׳ שלפני המזוןparpereth before the meal, appetizer; פ׳ שבתוך המזוןp. during the meal, by-meat; פ׳ שלאחר המזוןp. after the meal, dessert. Berachoth 6, 5. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 10ᵈ top; and frequently—[Pesachim 10, 3 עד … לפ׳ הפת (Bartenora, Bertinora reads: לפַרְפֵּר את הפת) until he gets to the breaking of the bread (distribution of the Matsah); other opinion: to the by-meat of the bread (to the bitter herbs)].—plural פַּרְפְּרָאוֹת, פַּרְפָּרוֹת. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4, 8 הבא אחר שלש פ׳ וכ׳ a guest that arrives after the three parpereths has no right to enter. Sukkah 27ᵃ בכל יום … ממשיך כמה פ׳ on any other day thou insertest many an appetizing dish in order to prolong thy meal, and now wouldst thou not add one for the honor of thy Maker? Shabbath 23, 2 מונה … ואת פַּרְפְּרוֹתָיו מפיו וכ׳ a man may count (on the Sabbath) his guests and his dishes verbally (from memory) but not from writing.—Transferred auxiliaries. Avoth 3, 18 תקופות וגימטריאות פ׳ לחכמה (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פַּרְפְּרָיוֹת, edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) פרפרא׳) astronomy and arithmetic are the auxiliaries of philosophy. [Musafia: פְּרִיפְרִיּוֹת (περιφερεία) perifery.] ↗ original
פָּרַץ (Biblical Hebrew) to break through, make a breach, invade. Pesachim 56ᵃ פּוֹרְצִין פרצות וכ׳ made breaches in the fences of their gardens etc.; (Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2 (3), 21 פותחין גינותיהם וכ׳); Menachoth 71ᵃ. Berachoth 63ᵃ כבר גדרת … יכול לִפְרוֹץ having once fenced in, thou canst not tear down, i.e. having once approved, you cannot now find fault. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 1, 19ᶜ top, see פּוּץ. Bereshith Rabbah section 85 (referring to Genesis 38, 29) כל הפּוֹרְצִים ממך וכ׳ all conquerors shall rise from thee (Judah). Yalkut Shimoni Micah 551 פָּרַצְתִּי גדרו של עולם מפני יעקב I broke down the fence of the world (reversed the natural order of things) for the sake of Jacob (making his cattle extremely fecund); ולע"ל אני פורץ אותו לבניו and in the days to come I shall do so to his children. Bava Kamma 60ᵇ מלך פּוֹרֵץ … דרך the king may break through fences to pave a way for his army. Koheleth Rabbah to 9, 11 (referring to Job 1, 10) פ׳ גדרו של עולם וכ׳ his cattle reversed the order of things etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 41ᵃ top לא פָרַצְתָּ גדירן וכ׳ thou hast not torn down the fence of the scholars (not transgressed their law); Bereshith Rabbah section 79, see גָּדֵיר. Vayikra Rabbah section 26, see גֶּדֶר I; and frequently—participle passive פָּרוּץ; feminine פְּרוּצָה; plural פְּרוּצִים, פְּרוּצִין; פְּרוּצוֹת. Kilayim 4, 4 העומד מרובה על הפ׳ the unimpaired portion of the fence is larger than the ruined part, see עָמַד 2. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 10, 12ᶜ top קופה פ׳ a bin which has been broken into (some of the contents of which has been taken); and frequently—[Peah 7, 1 בצד הפרוצה Yerushalmi (prefix) edition, see פִּרְצָה.] (supply (understood word) גדר) to be lawless, unrestrained, dissolute. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 1, 25ᵃ bottom of the page שלא יִפְרְצוּ … בזימה in order that the daughters of Israel be not made heedless of chaste conduct (see below); and elsewhere—participle pass. as ab. dissolute, bold. the same place (ibid.) מפני פ׳ אחד because there might be one dissolute man (who may go to the expense of marriage for the sake of his gratification, with the intention of charging his bride with faithlessness afterwards). Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 12 לא נמצא בהן אחד פ׳ בעיוה not one of them was of immoral conduct; Vayikra Rabbah section 32 פְּרוּץ ערוה. Gittin 46ᵃ שלא יהו בנות … פ׳ וכ׳ that the daughters of Israel may not be loose in moral conduct or in vows (see above). Bereshith Rabbah section 70 (referring to Genesis 29, 21) אפי׳ אדם פ׳ אינו וכ׳ even the most shameless man would not use such language. Sotah 7ᵃ אבל פ׳ but if they are known to be of dissolute habits, opposite כשרין. Kethuboth 2ᵇ, and the following משום פ׳ on account of loose women, opposite צנועות; and frequently to spread, increase. Shabbath 13ᵃ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 14 עד היכן פָּרְצָה טהרה וכ׳ how far the observance of levitical cleanness has spread in Israel!; and elsewhere Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְרָץto be broken through, torn down. Tosefta Kilayim 3, 3 מחיצת הכרם שנִפְרְצָה if the partition of a vineyard has come down; גדרה ונ׳ if he repaired it, and it came down again. Eruvin 9, 2 חצר גדולה שנפרצה לקטנה if the partition between a large court and a smaller one has been broken into. Yalkut Shimoni Ezekiel 352 a good shepherd שנ׳ גדר צאנו the fold of whose flock was broken into; (Ruth Rabbah introduction שנפלה). גדר Tanchuma Bal. 13 ראה שישראל נִפְרָצִים שם he (Balak) saw that the Israelites would be broken into (sustain a great loss) there; Bamidbar Rabbah section 20 שיש פרצים (correct accordingly). Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) V ונִפְרְצוּ וכ׳, see פִּרְצָה; and frequently to be unrestrained, dissolute. Tanchuma Vayera 9 לפי שנפרצו מעשיהם בזנות because their doings were unrestrained in matters of sexual morality; and elsewhere to be spread, increased. Bereshith Rabbah section 73 (referring to Genesis 30, 43) נִפְרְצָה לו פרצה מעין וכ׳ an (abnormal) increase of wealth was granted to him similar to that expected in the days to come (see Yalkut Shimoni Micah the passage cited); Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 130; Yalkut Shimoni Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 989; and elsewhere to be broken off, severed. Sukkah 3, 1 נפרצו עליו if its leaves are severed (and only kept together by a band), see פָּרַד. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְרִיץ (denominative of פָּרִיץ) to be defiant. Tosefta Makkoth V (4), 13 אפי׳ עומד ומַפְרִיץ וכ׳ even if he stands up defiantly (saying, he did not mind more lashes), you dare not add etc. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְפָּרֵץto become dissolute, be unrestrained, licentious. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, 6ᵃ bottom of the page שלא תִתְפָּרֵץ that she may not assume immoral habits; the same place (ibid.) שלא יִתְפָּרְצוּ that people may not be unrestrained; Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 2, 61ᶜ ↗ original
פְּרַץto break through, open etc. Targum 2 Kings 14, 13. Targum 2 Esther 3, 8; and elsewhere—[Targum Proverbs 25, 28 תריצה variant reading edition Lagarde edition, corrected by Bxt. פריצה, read תריעא.] to be reckless, sport. Taanith 24ᵇ הוו קא פַרְצֵי בריפתא were recklessly sporting with bread (throwing pieces of bread to one another). ↗ original
פִּרְצָה (פָּרַץ) breach, opening. Bava Bathra 53ᵃ פרץ פ׳ וכ׳ if he widened the opening in the fence to go in and out by it. Sukkah 26ᵃ פ׳ קוראה לגנב a breach (occasion) invites the thief. Tanchuma Vayishl. 5 אין ניתנין פ׳ לפני הכשר וכ׳ we must not leave an opening (offer a temptation) to an honest man, how much less to a thief. Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 3, 45ᵃ היתה שם פ׳ אחת וכ׳ if there was a single gap (for the besieged to escape), it saves all (justifies the presumption that they are alive). Peah 7, 1 בצד פ׳ (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition הפרוצה) by the gap (entrance) in the fence; and frequently—Transferred inroad, calamity. Tanchuma Bal. 13 יש פ׳ גדולה מזו is there a greater calamity than this (the death of Moses)? Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 888 (referring to פרץ, Psalms 144, 14) פ׳ של פורענות the calamity of divine visitation (pestilence, with referring to Psalms 106, 29 ותפרץ); פ׳ של גלות the calamity of exile; Ruth Rabbah introduction פ׳ של מגפה; פֶּרֶץ של גלות. Vayikra Rabbah section 34, end (referring to Isaiah 58, 12) הפ׳ הזאת עלי היה לגודרה וכ׳ the Lord says, it was for me to repair that breach (to remedy the evil of poverty), and thou rosest to repair it (by charity); and frequently— lawlessness, licentiousness, demoralization. Bereshith Rabbah section 26 כל פ׳ שאינה … אינה פ׳ demoralization which does not proceed from the leaders, is no real demoralization; and elsewhere—plural פְּרָצוֹת. Pesachim 56ᵃ, see פָּרַץ. Middoth 2, 3 שלש עשרה פ׳ היו בו שפרצום וכ׳ there were thirteen breaches in the Temple palisades (סוֹרֶג) made by the Greek kings; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 6, 50ᵃ top of the page Berachoth 19ᵃ פִּרְצוֹתֵינוּ ופִרְצוֹת וכ׳, see גָּדַר. Bava Bathra 91ᵇ (referring to גדרה, I Chronicles 4, 23) זו סנהדרין שגדרו פִרְצוֹתֵיהֶן וכ׳ this refers to the Sanhedrin that healed the breaches of Israel. Yalkut Shimoni Ezekiel 352; Ruth Rabbah introduction שאלו עליתם בפ׳ וכ׳ if you had stood in the breaches as Moses did etc.; and frequently—[Bamidbar Rabbah section 20 שיש פרצים, see פָּרַץ.]—3) sect.—plural as ab. Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) V ונפרצו מהם שתי פ׳ and two sects proceeded from them. spreading, increase. Bereshith Rabbah section 73, and elsewhere, see פָּרַץ. ↗ original
פַּרְצוֹף (an adapt. of πρόσωπον, as if it were פרץ אף) face, visage, front. Yevamoth 16, 3 פ׳ פנים the full face, see חוֹטָם. the same place (ibid.) 120ᵃ פ׳ פנים ולא פדחת if the face is left, but without the forehead. Eruvin 18ᵃ, see דִּיפְּרוֹסוֹף. Berachoth 61ᵃ (referring to הצלע, Genesis 2, 22) חד אמר פ׳ one says, it means one of the two faces of Adam (see דִּיפְּרוֹסוֹף). Sanhedrin 103ᵇ בתחלה … פ׳ אחד וכ׳ first he made it (the idol) with one face, and afterwards with four. Yoma 72ᵇ רוקם פ׳ אחד וכ׳ by roḳem (Exodus 28, 39) needlework is meant and therefore one front (design on one side), by ḥoshebh (the same place (ibid.) 15) embroidery is meant and therefore two fronts (designs on both sides); and frequently—plural פַּרְצוּפִים, פַּרְצוּפִין, פַּרְצוּפוֹת. the same place (ibid.) שני פ׳; Tosefta Shekalim 3, 14 שתי פ׳ (fem.). Avodah Zarah 42ᵇ כל הפ׳ מותרין וכ׳ you are permitted to sculpture all faces except the human face. the same place (ibid.) 12ᵃ פ׳ המקלחין מים וכ׳ sculptures of human faces which throw forth water in the large cities (fountains). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 42ᶜ bottom of the page היו חותמין בפַרְסוֹפוֹת used seals on which human faces were engraven. the same place (ibid.) כל פרס׳ היו בירושלם וכ׳ all kinds of statuary existed in Jerusalem except human faces. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 4, 22ᵇ bottom of the page שינה פַּרְצוֹפוֹתֵיהֶן the Lord made the faces of men to differ from one another; and frequently ↗ original
פַּרְצוּפָא Targum Psalms 34, 17. the same place (ibid.) 17, 15; and elsewhere—Bava Metzia 86ᵃ הדר פַּרְצוּפֵיה וכ׳ his face was turned backward (by demons); and elsewhere—plural פַּרְציּפִין, פַּרְצוּפֵי. Targum Psalms 73, 7 (edition Vilna edition singular) Targum Proverbs 27, 19. ↗ original
פַּרְצִידָא (see פַּצִּידָא; ר inserted) cut, trench, see פַּצִּידָא. (compare פּוּרְצָנָא) kernel, stone. Taanith 4ᵃ פ׳ דתותי קלא the kernel under a clod. the same place (ibid.) האי צורבא לפ׳ וכ׳ … a young scholar is like the kernel etc. (see נְבַט), i.e. when his reputation begins to spread, it spreads wider and wider.—plural פַּרְצִידַיָּא, פַּרְצִידֵי. Bava Metzia 84ᵃ פ׳ דרומנא וכ׳ the seeds of a red pomegranate. Shabbath 21ᵃ מפַּרְצִידוֹהִי וכ׳ from its kernels they produce oil. ↗ original
פָּרַק (Biblical Hebrew) to break, separate; to untie, loosen; to unload. Shabbath 138ᵃ וילון … ומותר לפוֹרְקוֹ it is permitted (on the Sabbath) to stretch a curtain and also to untie (remove) it. the same place (ibid.)ᵇ top of the page Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 3, beginning 34ᶜ לא יִפְרוֹק וכ׳, see מִשְׁפֶּלֶת. [the same place (ibid.) לא יַפְרִיקHif'il, see below.] Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 5 טוענת ופוֹרֶקֶת she loads (becomes pregnant) and unloads (delivers); and frequently—Transferred to redeem, deliver. Bereshith Rabbah section 44 אני פוֹרְקָן I shall redeem them; and elsewhere—פ׳ עול to untie the yoke, cast off an obligation. Avoth 3, 5, see עוֹל. Tosefta Sotah 14, 4 פָּרְקוּ מהם עול וכ׳ they cast off the heavenly yoke, and made flesh and blood rule over them; and frequently—Tanchuma Chukkath 25 אינן פּוֹרְקִין יראה they do not cast off the fear (of having lost the divine grace through their sins); Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 765 אין פורקין יראה מהם; Bamidbar Rabbah section 19 אין פּוֹרְקִים ביראה (correct accordingly).—participle passive פָּרוּק; feminine פְּרוּקָה; plural פְּרוּקִים, פְּרוּקִין; פְּרוּקוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 3, 3ᵈ אחד פ׳ ואחד טעון וכ׳ if (on meeting on the road) one animal is without a load, and the other is laden, the unladen must make room for the laden; היו שניהן … פ׳ if both are laden or both unladen. the same place (ibid.) שתיהן פ׳ if both wagons are without a load; and frequently—Esp. to help to unload an animal broken down under its burden (Exodus 23, 5). Bava Metzia 2, 10 מצוה … לִפְרוֹק, see טָעַן 2. the same place (ibid.) אם רצונך לפרוק פְּרוֹק if thou desirest to unload, do so (without my assistance); and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל פֵּירֵקto sever, strip; to take off, release; to take apart. Shevi'ith 2, 2 מְפָרְקִין you may release (trees in the Sabbatical year); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 33ᵈ top מפ׳ בעלין ‘release’ refers to (a too luxuriant growth of) leaves. ʿUktsin 2, 5 התחיל לְפָרֵק when he has begun to strip (vegetables). Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 13 התחיל לפרק באגוזים when he has begun to strip nuts (of their burrs). Shabbath 88ᵃ ירדו … ופֵירְקוּם one hundred and twenty myriads of angels of destruction came down and took them (the crowns) off their heads. the same place (ibid.) בחורב … פֵּרְקוּ (Rashi פירקו) at Horeb they loaded (angels put crowns on their heads), and at Horeb they unloaded (angels took their crowns off). Menachoth 8ᵃ; 9ᵇ עד שלא פֵרְקָהּ before he took it (the pile of the show bread) apart. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 1, 38ᶜ top מעמירו ומְפָרְקוֹ put it (the Tabernacle) up and broke it up again; העמידו ולא פירקו put it up and did not break it up again; Bamidbar Rabbah section 13, beginning; Sifra Tsav, Milluim, Parah 1 end.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 1, 80ᵇ bottom of the page מְפָרְקִין את המנעול וכ׳ you may take the shoe off the block. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, 43ᵇ, see פַּצִּים; and frequently—Shabbath 95ᵃ חולב חייב משום מפרק one milking (on the Sabbath) is guilty of an act resembling unloading; Kethuboth 60ᵃ יונק מפרק כלאחר יד releasing the cow by sucking is unloading in an unusual way (see אַחַר). Vayikra Rabbah section 13 עמד ופֵרְקוּם לישראל he rose and took them off the back of the gentiles, and put them on Israel.—Shabbath 156ᵃ לְפָרֵק to take food from before one animal and place it before another, Rashi; [Tosafoth: to empty from vessel to vessel in order to procure a thorough mixture; other defin., see Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word].—participle pass. מְפוֹרָקa) unloaded. Bava Metzia 33ᵃ (referring to Exodus the passage cited) ‘under its burden’, ולא מפ׳ but not when it is unloaded (and the owner requires assistance to load it again). the same place (ibid.) לא מפ׳ בחנם when it is unloaded, one need not assist in loading without remuneration.—b) taken apart, broken up. Tanchuma P’kudé 11 והיה מונח ומפ׳ וכ׳ and it (the Tabernacle) lay in parts (uncombined) during etc. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְפָּרֵק,Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְפָּרֵקto be taken apart, broken up. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma the passage cited Shabbath 17, 1 אע"פ שנִתְפָּרְקוּ although the doors are detached (when the piece of furniture is moved). Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 3, 2 נִתְפָּרְקָה זו וכ׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (missing in editions) if the blades of scissors are separated, each may become unclean for itself; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 36 (referring to Genesis 9, 24) נתפ׳ יינו מעליו the load of his wine was taken from him (he became sober). to be loose, movable like a link or joint (see פֶּרֶק). Yoma 72ᵃ מִתְפָּרְקִין ואין וכ׳ they (the bars in the ring) were movable but could not slip off. Niddah 9ᵃ (of a woman after confinement) איבריה מתפרקין וכ׳ her limbs are loose (shaky), and her full strength does not return to her before etc.; Bechoroth 6ᵇ איבריה מתפרקין הימנה she feels as tho’ her limbs were dropping off. Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 708 תהא מִתְפָּרֶקֶת איברים איברים she shall lose limb after limb; Bamidbar Rabbah section 9 מתרפקת (correct accordingly); and elsewhere—[Yalkut Shimoni Song of Songs 986 מתפרקות some edition, read: מתרפקות, see רָפַק.] Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְרָק (denominative of פֶּרֶק) to be out of joint, dislocated, sprained. Shabbath 22, 6 מי שנִפְרְקָה ידו וכ׳ he who sprained his arm or foot. to be removed. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 13 (14), 5 שיִפָּרְקוּ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading שימחו) that they be removed (cut out).—[Hif'ilהִפְרִיק as Kal and Pi'el Tosefta Berachoth 2, 7 שיַפְרִיק edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading שיְפָרֵק). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 3, beginning 34ᶜ, see above; probably to be read: יְפָרֵיק.] ↗ original
פְּרַקto separate, remove, take off. Targum Exodus 32, 2 and the following (O. edition Berlin edition Pa.). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 4, 5 (O. Pa.); and frequently—5. פְּרִיקָא 2.— to fall apart. Bava Metzia 86ᵃ פ׳ אשיתא the frame wall fell apart (see, however, below). to untie; to redeem, deliver. Targum Exodus 21, 8 (O. edition Amsterdam edition וְיַפְרְ׳, read: וְיִ׳). Targum Leviticus 27, 13. Targum Psalms 34, 23 פָּרֵיק manuscript (edition פרוק, correct accordingly); and frequently—participle passive פָּרִיק; feminine פְּרִיקָא; plural פְּרִיקִין, פְּרִיקַיָּא; פְּרִיקָן. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 25, 42; 55. Targum Isaiah 35, 9; and frequently—Kethuboth 4, 8 (in a marriage contract) אם תשתבאי אֶפְרְקִינָךְ if thou art captured, I shall redeem thee; the same place (ibid.) 51ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) 47ᵃ מימנע ולא פָרֵיק he might refuse to redeem her. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 4, 55ᵃ bottom of the page אֶפְרוֹק לך וכ׳ I will redeem it for thee with this Sela; and frequently Pa'el פִּעֵל פָּרֵיקto remove, take off. Targum Onkelos Exodus 32, 2; and frequently; see above.—Transferred to alienate. Targum Proverbs 17, 9 (Hebrew text מפריד; the same place (ibid.) 16, 28 מעריק). to divide, split, strip. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 1, 17. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 33, 20 (some edition מַפְרַק, correct accordingly). Targum I Kings 19, 11; and elsewhere—Chullin 93ᵃ, see below. [to break,] to solve a problem; to reply, opposite אקשי. Bava Metzia 84ᵃ מְפָרִיקְנָא וכ׳, see פֵּירוּקָא. Shabbath 145ᵃ הוא מותיב … מְפָרֵק לה he raise an objection, and himself answered it. Avodah Zarah 50ᵇ דִּיפָרְקִינָהּ, see נַגָּרָא; and frequently to redeem. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 4, 54ᵈ מְפָרֵק על פומיה redeems according to his estimation; and frequently Af'el הִפְעִיל אַפְרֵיקto cause a falling off of limbs. Gittin 69ᵇ דמַפְרִיק because it causes etc. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְפָּרֵיק,Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְפְּרִיק, אִיפְּרִיקto be broken, fall apart. Berachoth 54ᵃ אִתְפָּרְקָא ליה אשיתא וכ׳ (see above) the frame wall fell apart before him, and he went in. to be redeemed, released, delivered. Targum Leviticus 19, 20. Targum Psalms 33, 16; and frequently—Yalkut Shimoni Esther 1046 כיון … ולא אִיפְּרִיקוּ … לא מִיפְּרִיקוּ when he (Ahasver) saw that the seventy years were full, and they were not delivered, he thought, since they are not now delivered, they will never be delivered; Megillah 11ᵇ אִיתְפְּרוּק … מִיפָּרְקֵי Munich manuscript (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note); and elsewhere to be out of joint, dislocated. Chullin 93ᵃ בהמה … פָּרוּקֵי מִפָּרְקָא (or מְפָרְקָא participle passive Pa.) an animal while alive makes movements by which the limbs are temporarily dislocated. ↗ original
פֶּרֶקthe preceding) [division, section; (Biblical Hebrew) cross-road,] period (of time), period of maturity, season. Kethuboth 59ᵇ סמוך לפִירְקָהּ near her period of puberty. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 13, 13ᵈ bottom of the page עד שתגדיל ותגיע לפ׳ וכ׳ until she be grown up and arrive at a marriageable age and be married. Taanith 16ᵃ ופִרְקוֹ נאה whose youth is becoming, explained the same place (ibid.) 16ᵇ שלא יצא וכ׳ whose youth is of unblemished repute; Tosefta Chagigah 2, 9 ופרקו טוב variant reading (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) ופרק). Pesachim 117ᵃ על כל פ׳ ופ׳ at every important epoch. the same place (ibid.) 43ᵃ top שהגיעו לפִרְקָן וכ׳ who have reached puberty but not the legal age (prematurely developed). Tosefta Rosh Hashanah 1, 12 פ׳ שעורים the season of the barley crop; פ׳ גשמים the rainy season. Devarim Rabbah section 9 הגיע פרקו ליטול וכ׳ his (the child’s) time has come to be taken away (he is destined to die) at the age of thirty days. the same place (ibid.) הראה לי את פִּרְקִי show me my time (when I am to die); and frequently—plural פְּרָקִים; construct state פִּרְקֵי, פִּי׳. Rosh Hashanah 35ᵃ ברכות … ושל פ׳ prayers for the New Year, the Day of Atonement and periodical prayers (for feasts, fasts etc.). the same place (ibid.) כיון … כפ׳ רמי as he prayed only once in thirty days, it was to him like a periodical prayer. Shekalim 3, 1 בשלשה פ׳ at three periods of the year. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 1, beginning 33ᵃ שני פ׳ הראשונים the two beginning periods (shortly before the beginning of the Sabbatical year, and before the beginning of the new Sabbatical period); the same place (ibid.) 3, end, 34ᵈ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 3, beginning 47ᵇ פירקי לידה the seasons when animals give birth. Bereshith Rabbah section 70, and elsewhere נשיקה של פ׳ the kiss on meeting after a period of separation; and frequently (of writings) section, chapter. Rosh Hashanah 30ᵇ מפני שחוזר וכופל את הפ׳ because in that case he would have to recite the same psalm again on the same day. Berachoth 14ᵃ בין פ׳ לפ׳ פוסק וכ׳ between one section (of the Hallel) and another he may interrupt himself, but in the middle of a section he must not do so. Avoth 6 הלומד … פ׳ אחד וכ׳ he that learns from his neighbor one chapter or one halakhah. Eruvin 54ᵇ ושנה לו משה פִּירְקוֹ Moses taught him (Aaron) his lesson; ושנה להם … פִּירְקָן taught them their lesson; and very frequently—plural as ab. Berachoth 2, 1 בפ׳ שואל וכ׳ between the sections (of the Sh’mʿa) one may interrupt one’s self to extend a greeting etc. the same place (ibid.) 2 אלו הן בין הפ׳ these are the pauses between the sections: between the first and the second benediction (preceding the Sh’mʿa) etc. Chagigah 13ᵃ ראשי פ׳ the headings of chapters (or subjects, leading words). Rosh Hashanah 31ᵃ מה ראה ר"ע לחלק בין הפ׳ הללו Munich manuscript (edition ראו חכמים) what reason had R. ʿA. to make a distinction between these psalms (by referring six of them to past events and the seventh to the hereafter)?; and frequently link, limb, joint. Chullin 106ᵃ and the following נטילת ידים לחולין עד הפ׳ וכ׳ washing of hands for secular food must be done up to the (second) joint (of the fingers), for T’rumah to the (third) joint; קידוש … עד הפ׳ sanctification of hands (and feet) up to the joint (of the hand); Arachin 19ᵇ; Tosefta Yadayim 2, 1; Yadayim 2, 3; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 8, 12ᵃ. Chullin 10, 4 מן הפ׳ של ארכובה וכ׳ from the joint of the knee to the shoulder-blade of the forefoot. the same place (ibid.) הפ׳ של לחי the joint of the jawbone. Sifra Tsav, Milluim, Parah 1 פ׳ האמצעי the middle joint (of the thumb); and frequently—plural as ab. Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 3, 2, see מִסְפֶּרֶת. Devarim Rabbah section 3 beginning מנורה שעשויה פ׳ פ׳ a candlestick made of separable links (see חוּלְיָא I). Avodah Zarah 43ᵃ בין פְּרָקָיו, explained בין פִּרְקֵי צואר between the joints of its neck. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth the passage cited bottom of the page (שולחן) של פ׳ a table that can be taken apart; and frequently *load. plural as ab. Yalkut Shimoni Lamentations 1000 ושני פ׳ יש עליו וכ׳ and the camel has two loads (hanging down on its sides), one of wine, and one of vinegar (Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 רבתי (חד מתינס 6) טעניה תרין זיקין).—[פרק אונסין, Esther Rabbah to 1, 6, see אינסין.] ↗ original
פִּרְקָאcross-road. Targum Obadiah, Book of 1, 14. period.—plural פִּרְקִין, פִּרְקֵי, פִּי׳. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 19, 29 סמוך לפִירְקֵיהוֹן near their period of puberty. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 22, 4 לפ׳ at periods (alternately). joint. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 8, 23, and the following the same place (ibid.) 14, 14; and elsewhere—Tosefta Nega'im 4, 12 neck, see פִּיקָא I.—plural as ab. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, 66ᵃ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 70ᵈ top יאות סבא ידע פ׳ גרמיה the old scholar knows well the joints of his bone (the vertebrae of his spine), i.e. he knows what he talks about; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 4, 6ᵇ top פ׳ גיטא, פ׳ גיטה (correct accordingly). section, chapter, lesson. Pesachim 117ᵃ, and the following ריש פ׳ the beginning of a chapter (psalm); באמצע פ׳ in the middle of a psalm.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 7, beginning 31ᵇ והני ראשה דפ׳ (read: רישא) this would be the same case as that treated in the beginning of this chapter (see R. Nissim to Kethuboth 7, 1). Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 8, beginning 40ᵈ עד דאחסל פִּירְקִי (not דחסל) until I have finished my chapter. Shabbath 67ᵃ פ׳ דאמוראי Munich manuscript (edition פרק אמ׳), see אֱמוֹרָאָה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 1, beginning 26ᵈ על כל פ׳ אתאמרת does this rule refer to the entire chapter?; and frequently school held at periods, session. Kiddushin 31ᵇ כי הוה דריש בפ׳ when he lectured at college sessions. the same place (ibid.) 71ᵃ. Pesachim 100ᵃ אנא איקלעי לפִירְקֵיה וכ׳ I happened to be present at the session of R. etc.; and frequently—plural פִּרְקֵי, פִּי׳. Kethuboth 62ᵃ בני פ׳ students at circuit sessions (who need not leave their homes for the sake of studying). Bava Metzia 64ᵃ הוה יתיבנא בשלהי פ׳ דרב (Rashi פרקין) I took my seat towards the end of Rab’s sessions (having missed the beginning of the discussion); and elsewhere ↗ original
פרקד , Bereshith Rabbah section 45 מתפרקדות Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see רָפַק↗ original
פַּרִקֵד , Ithpeelאִתְפַּרְקֵיד, אִיפַּ׳ (denominative of פרקד, enlargement of פרק, neck) to turn backward. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 49, 17. to lie on the back; to be slanting. Menachoth 96ᵇ פַּרְקוּדֵי הוה מִפַּרְקְדָא it (the rim) was slanting (nothing could rest on it). ↗ original
פרקדיסין , Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Baḥod., p. 104ᵇ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פקריסין); Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 273 פרקריסין, a corruption; perh. to be read: פִּיקיסִין masculine plural (ficus) figs (and other dried fruits) (?), see פרקדוס. ↗ original
פְּרַקְדָּן (see פַּרְקֵד) one lying on his back. Berachoth 13ᵇ; Niddah 14ᵃ.—Pesachim 108ᵃ פ׳ לא שמיה הסיבה lying on the back (at the Passover meal) is not called reclining.—5. אַפַּרְקִיד. ↗ original
פַּרְקוּלָא (furcilla, furcula) fork, an instrument of torture put on the culprit’s shoulders with his hands tied to it (see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Furca). Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 961 end (referring to Proverbs 28, 13) משל ללסטיס … הודה הוא נוטל פ׳ like the case of a robber (rebel) who is judged before the questionarius; as long as he is stubborn, he is smitten, but when he confesses, he gets the furcilla (and is put to death); אבל הקב"ה אינו כן אלא עד שלא הודה נוטל פ׳ וכ׳ but not so acts the Lord; as long as the offender does not confess, he gets the furcilla (is doomed to die), but when he confesses, he is pardoned; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 854 ניתן פרקילא (read ניטל); Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Shub., p. 159ᵃ (restore the passage acordingly). the same place (ibid.)ᵇ הוא נותן פ׳ he (the questionarius) has the furcilla put upon him, when he is taken out and put to death; the same place (ibid.) היא נותן להם וכ׳ he (the Lord) places the furcilla upon them (condemns them, Hosea 14, 1), and then he allows them to come back (the same place (ibid.) 2); Yalkut Shimoni Hosea 532. ↗ original
פֵּרָקוֹן (פָּרַק) redemption. Kethuboth 4, 4 חייב … ובפִרְקוֹנָהּ וכ׳ is bound to support her, to redeem her (when she is captured), and to bury her. the same place (ibid.) 47ᵇ תיקנו … ופִירְקוֹנָהּ תחת וכ׳ they instituted the duty of support as an equivalent for her handiwork, and that of redemption as an equivalent for the privilege of usufruct (of her property). Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 4, 55ᵇ [read:] פ"י פרקון the mark Pé on a vessel means peraḳon (redemption, i.e. second tithes). ↗ original
פִּרְקוּנָא Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 3, 51. the same place (ibid.) 18, 16; and elsewhere—plural פִּרְקוֹנִין, פִּרְקוֹנֵי. the same place (ibid.) 3, 46; 48, and the following ↗ original
פְּרַקְלִיט (παράκλητος) advocate; intercessor. Avoth 4, 11 העושה … קינה לו פ׳ אחד he that does a good deed, acquires an advocate for himself, opposite קטגיר. Sifra M’tsorʿa, Nega'im, Parah 3, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 3 חטאת דומה לפ׳ שנכנס לרצות רצה פ׳ וכ׳ a sin-offering is like an intercessor that enters (the royal palace) to appease (the king); when the intercessor has succeeded, the present is sent in (the burnt-offering follows); Zevachim 7ᵇ; Tosefta Peah 4, 21 (see below); and elsewhere—plural פְּרַקְלִיטִין. Shabbath 32ᵃ כל העולה … פ׳ גדולים וכ׳ when one ascends the scaffold to be put to death, if he has prominent intercessors, he is pardoned etc.; ואלו הן פ׳ של אדם וכ׳ these are man’s intercessors (before divine judgment): repentance and good deeds. Bava Bathra 10ᵃ כל צדקה … שלום ופ׳ גדולין בין וכ׳ all acts of charity and benevolence … are great peace (makers) and intercessors between Israel and his Father in heaven; (Tosefta the passage cited פרקליט גדול ושלום). Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, beginning 63ᶜ פ׳ לפים intercessors praying for rain; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּרַקְלִיטָא Targum Job 33, 23 (Hebrew text מליץ).—plural פְּרַקְלִיטִין. the same place (ibid.) 16, 20. ↗ original
פְּרַקְלִימִין (περικνήμια = περικνημίδια: as to ל for נ, compare לוּמָּא) leggings, greaves. Kelim 26, 3 הפרקל׳ וכ׳ (Rabbenu Shimshon הפרקנ׳) leggings are not subject to uncleanness; (Maimonides: gloves; Rabbenu Shimshon: head-bands). the same place (ibid.) 24, 15 שלשה פרקלימין הן וכ׳ edition Dehr. (edition פרקילינין) there are three kinds of greaves (with regard to levitical cleanness): those worn by hunters etc. (see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Ocrea); [commentary or commentaries: gloves); Tosefta Kelim Bava Bathra 2, 11 פרגלינין edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (other edition פרגילנין, פרקלנין). ↗ original
פּרַקְסִיס (πρᾶξις) business. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 39ᵈ משם פ׳ if he decorated his store for business’ sake (to attract customers), opposite עִיטּוּר, which see ↗ original
פָּרַר (Biblical Hebrew) to break. Pi'el פִּעֵל פֵּרֵרto crumble. Pesachim 10ᵇ דרכו של תינוק לפָרֵר it is a child’s way to crumble bread (and leave it on the ground). the same place (ibid.) 2, 1 מְפָרֵר וזורה וכ׳ he may crumble (the leavened bread) and cast it to the wind; and frequently—Tosefta Shevi'ith 6, 29 מְפָרְרִין, see פָּרַר. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֵפֵר, הֵיפֵרto break, destroy; to thwart. Avoth 3, 11 המֵפֵר בריתו וכ׳ he that breaks the Abrahamitic covenant (omits or effaces circumcision, see מָשַׁךְ). Bereshith Rabbah section 98 (play on פֹּרָת, Genesis 49, 22) בן שה׳ לאחיו the son that broke (faith) with his brothers; the same place (ibid.) שהֵפֵירוּ לו אחיו to whom his brothers were faithless; the same place (ibid.) שה׳ לאדונתו, see אֲדוֹנָה. Bereshith Rabbah section 16 (play on פְּרָת, Genesis 2, 14) פרת שהֵפֵירָה והצירה לבניו Edom (Rome) is called P’rath, because she broke faith with, and distressed his (God’s) children (variant reading לפניו); שאני עתיד להָפֵר לה because I (the Lord) shall in the end thwart her plans; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 22; and frequently—Esp. to make void; to disallow a vow (Numbers 30, 2-16). Nedarim 10, 1 אביה ובעלה מְפִירִין וכ׳ both her father and her husband must declare her vow void; ה׳ האב וכ׳ if only the father protested, and the husband did not. the same place (ibid.) 2 הבעל מֵפֵר בבגר וכ׳ in the case of an adult the husband has the right of disallowing, but not the father. the same place (ibid.) 4 אינו יכול להָפֵר he has no power to disallow her vows. the same place (ibid.) 5 יָפֵר he has the power etc. the same place (ibid.) 72ᵃ, and elsewhere אין הבעל מֵיפֵר בקודמין the husband cannot invalidate vows made before marriage. the same place (ibid.) 11, 12 (90ᵇ) יָפֵר (ל)חלקי he may invalidate her vow for his share (as far as it concerns him). the same place (ibid.) 7 איני יודע שוש מפירין I did not know that there are invalidating powers (vested in the husband); and very frequently—participle passive מוּפָר; plural מוּפָרִין. the same place (ibid.) 10, 1 אינו מ׳ her vow is not made void. the same place (ibid.) 4 כל נדרים … הרי הן מ׳ whatever vows thou mayest have made in my house, shall be void. the same place (ibid.) 77ᵇ מ׳ ליכי thy vow is void; and frequently ↗ original
פְּרַרIthpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְפָּרָר,Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְפְּרַר, אִיפְּ׳to be broken, crushed, crumbled. Targum Psalms 22, 15 manuscript, see פַּרְפֵּר I.—Pesachim 74ᵇ דמִפְּרִיר (Munich manuscript דמִיפְּרַךְ; Oxford manuscript דמִיפְּרַד), see סְמִידָא. Af'el הִפְעִיל אָפֵרto make void, invalidate. Nedarim 73ᵃ לכי שמע לֵיפֵר לה הוא when he hears of the vow, why does he not disallow it himself (what need has he of the agent)? the same place (ibid.) 70ᵃ לא מצי מֵיפַר he has no power to invalidate her vows. the same place (ibid.) 70ᵇ לא מצי מיפר אב her father has no power etc.; and elsewhere ↗ original
פָּרַשׁ (Biblical Hebrew) [to divide, separate,] (neut. verb) to go away, go aside, depart; to keep off. Yoma 1, 5 הוא פוֹרֵשׁ … פּוֹרְשִׁין וכ׳ he turned aside and wept, and so did they. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 1, 25ᵈ bottom of the page ראו אותו פורש מציפורין they saw him come out of Sepphoris (so that he is presumably an inhabitant of Sepphoris); פירש מן הבתים they saw him leave one of the houses of Sepphoris. Bamidbar Rabbah section 9 את פָּרַשְׁתְּ מדרך וכ׳ thou didst depart from the way (disregard the customs) of Israel’s daughters. Zevachim 113ᵃ (play on פרשה, Numbers 19, 5) מקים שפּוֹרֶשֶׁת למיתה וכ׳ there where she departs for death, she shall be burnt. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 1, 80ᵇ bottom of the page (referring to Leviticus 13, 45) כדי שתהא טומאה … פְּרוֹשׁ that the uncleanness itself may cry out …, ‘keep off’; Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 5, beginning 55ᵈ; and frequently to pass, cross. Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 946; Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 738 הספינות פּוֹרְשׁוֹת בים the ships make their way through the sea. (active verb) to separate, keep off. Bamidbar Rabbah section 10 כשם שאדם פירש את עצמו וכ׳ as a person keeps himself away (abstains) from the fruits of Orlah, so will those who misbehave towards their handmaids, be separated from the virtuous on the day of judgment.; and frequently—participle passive פָּרוּשׁ, which see (compare פָּרַט) to single out, specify, speak distinctly. the same place (ibid.) (explained יַפְלִא, Numbers 6, 2) כשיִפְרוֹשׁ לנדור וכ׳ when he speaks out his vow, to the exclusion of him who thinks it in his heart; and frequently—Sifré Numbers 24 עד שיפרוש לך … כדרך שפירש וכ׳ (Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 710 שיפרוט … שפרט), see פָּרַט. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְרַשׁto be separated, kept away. Vayikra Rabbah section 22 והן נִפְרָשִׁים מעבודה זרה and thus they will be kept away from idolatrous worship; and elsewhere Pi'el פִּעֵל פֵּירֵשׁ (neut. verb) (neut. verb) to depart, withdraw; to abstain. Sanhedrin 82ᵇ היה לו … לפרוש ולא פי׳ Zimri might have withdrawn (from the woman), but he did not. the same place (ibid.)ᵃ אם פ׳ וכ׳ if Z. had withdrawn, and Phineas had slain him etc. Pesachim 87ᵇ פ׳ מן האשה withdrew from contact with his wife. Bereshith Rabbah section 20 שפֵּירְשָׁה חיה מאדם that Eve was separated from Adam.—Shabbath 86ᵇ פירשה מן האיש the semen issued from a man.—Pesachim 49ᵇ שנה ופ׳ קשה וכ׳ he that studied and gave it up, is the worst of all (in hostility to scholars); and frequently to go on a voyage; to cross the ocean (compare פָּלַגHif'il). Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, beginning 81ᶜ אסור לפָרֵשׁ לים הגדול it is forbidden to start on a sea voyage (during the festive week). Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 16, 15ᵈ top עשיתי מְפָרֵשׁ וכ׳ I was crossing etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 2, 73ᵇ top מְפָרְשֵׁי ימים voyagers on the sea; and frequently (active verb) to separate. Bereshith Rabbah section 22 אילו רצה המלך פֵּירְשָׁן ולא רצה המלך לפָרְשָׁן if the king desired it, he would separate them (the fighters), but the king does not wish to separate them; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 38. to specify, express clearly. the same place (ibid.) א"א לפה לפָרְשוֹ no mouth can express it. Menachoth 91ᵃ דמְפָרֵשׁ when he (in making his vow) specified (‘sheep’ or ‘cattle’), opposite בסתמא. Bereshith Rabbah section 6 אנשי … פֵּירְשׁוּ אותו the men of the Great Assembly said it plainly. Sanhedrin 7, 5 עד שיְפָרֵשׁ השם until he mentions the Name expressly (uses the Tetragrammaton), opposite כִּינּוּי. Gittin 36ᵃ שיהו עדים מְפָרְשִׁין שמותיהן that witnesses must sign their full names; and frequently—participle passive מְפוֹרָשׁ, feminine מְפוֹרֶשֶׁת; plural מְפוֹרָשִׁים, מְפוֹרָשִׁין; מְפוֹרָשׁוֹת. Bava Kamma 54ᵇ, and frequently מה הפרט מפ׳, see פְּרָט. Bava Metzia 94ᵇ שלישית בשואל מפ׳ that the third paragraph treats of a borrower, is explicitly stated (Exodus 22, 13). Sotah 38ᵃ, and frequently שם המפ׳ the special Name (the Tetragrammaton), see above. Zevachim 53ᵃ, see סָתַם. Chagigah 22ᵇ ומה סתומות … מפ׳ וכ׳ if your undefined teachings are so well-founded, how much more your explicit teachings; and frequently to explain, interpret, define. Nedarim 2ᵇ פתח … ומפרש ידות the Mishnah begins with kinnuyim …, and goes on explaining yadoth! Zevachim 13ᵃ ואין לי לפרש and I am unable to explain (the reason of the distinction between receiving and sprinkling the blood); אני אֲפָרֵשׁ I shall explain it. Nedarim 81ᵃ דבר זה … ולא פֵירְשׁוּהוּ עד שפֵּירְשׁוֹ וכ׳ that question (Jeremiah 9, 11) was asked of prophets and scholars, and they could not explain it, until the Lord himself explained it (the same place (ibid.) 12). Moed Katan 16ᵇ; Berachoth 18ᵃ לא פֵירְשׁוּ לך they did not interpret (the verse) to you; see שָׁנָה I. Bereshith Rabbah section 31 ולא פ׳ and did not explain (of what material the serpent was to be made); Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 3, end, 59ᵃ; and frequently—participle passive as ab. Megillah 3ᵃ, and elsewhere (referring to Nehemiah 8, 8) מפ׳ זה תרגוםm’forash means interpretation. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְפָּרֵשׁ,Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְפָּרֵשׁto be specified, defined; to be explained. Vayikra Rabbah section 6 כל נביא שנתפ׳ וכ׳ a prophet whose name is stated. Bereshith Rabbah the passage cited בשלשה נ׳ ובאחד לא נ׳ in three places (in which עֲשֵׂה occurs) the command is specified, but in the fourth (Numbers 21, 8) it is not specified, see above. Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 20 דבר שאינו מִתְפָּרֵשׁ בִמקימו וכ׳ a thing which is not defined in its original place but is defined in another passage; and elsewhere Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְרִישׁto separate; to set aside, dedicate. Yoma 1, 1 מַפְרִישִׁין כהן וכ׳ they removed the high priest from his house to the cell etc. Terumoth 4, 1 המַפְרִישׁ מקצת וכ׳ he who sets aside one portion of what is due of T’rumah or tithes. Bamidbar Rabbah section 10 (referring to Numbers 6, 11, ועשה) שיַפְרִישֵׁם הכהן וכ׳ that the priest when offering them designates them, one for a sin-offering etc. the same place (ibid.) (referring to Proverbs 23, 32) מה צפעון זה מפריש … כך היין מפריש וכ׳ as the adder divides between life and death, so wine removes from the ways of life to those of death; Vayikra Rabbah section 12 כך ה׳ היין בין אדם וכ׳ so wine caused a separation between Adam and Eve; ה׳ היין בין נח לבניו לעבדות wine caused a division between Noah and his sons with regard to slavery; ה׳ היין בין אהרן ובניו למיתה wine caused a division between Aaron and his sons with regard to death; Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 960. Tamid 4, 3 מן הכבד … ה׳ severed the lungs from the liver; and frequently—participle passive מוּפְרָשׁ. Nedarim 1, 1 מוּפְרְשַׁנִי ממך I will be separated from thee (will have no dealings with thee, accept no favors etc.); the same place (ibid.) 5ᵃ; and elsewhere—2) to go to sea. Bereshith Rabbah section 13 היו מַפְרִישִׁין לים וכ׳ were crossing the ocean; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּרַשׁ (neut. verb) to keep off, abstain etc. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Numbers 6, 3. the same place (ibid.) 2 יַפְרִישׁ. the same place (ibid.) 25, 8 [read:] דהוה ליה למִיפְרַשׁ ולא פירש (see Sanhedrin 82ᵇ, quoted in the preceding); and frequently—participle פָּרֵשׁ, פָּרֵישׁ. the same place (ibid.) 19, 16; 18; and frequently—Chullin 45ᵇ חד פריש לליבא וכ׳ one artery branches off to the heart, the other to the lungs etc. Zevachim 73ᵃ, and the following כל דפריש מרובא פריש whatever comes out of a mixed multitude, is presumed to have come from the majority, i.e. has the legal status of the majority; Kethuboth 15ᵃ; and frequently to cross the ocean. Bereshith Rabbah section 6 בעא דיִפְרוֹשׁ, see below. Koheleth Rabbah to 3, 6 הוה אזיל פריש בימא was about to go to sea; and elsewhere to set aside, distinguish. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 4, 34; and elsewhere to explain. participle passive פָּרִישׁ. Chullin 52ᵃ ליבעי מיניה חדא דפ׳ לן תרתי let him be asked one question by which both cases will be made clear to us; and elsewhere Pa'el פִּעֵל פָּרֵישׁ (neut. verb) (neut. verb) to depart, keep off. Targum Proverbs 19, 27 (edition Lagarde edition a. other Pe.).—[Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 25, 8 פֵּירַשׁ Hebraism, see above.] to go to sea. Bereshith Rabbah the passage cited הוה מְפָרֵשׁ בימא was about to undertake a sea voyage. the same place (ibid.) בעא … פָּרְשֵׁי he wanted to go to sea; said the matron, do people go to sea at this season?; and elsewhere to separate, divide, distinguish. Targum Onkelos a. Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 Deuteronomy 32, 8 בפָרָשׁוּתֵיה (Yerushalmi (prefix) I באַפְרָ׳, Af.); and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, end, 42ᵃ ידע אנא מְפָרְשָׁה בין וכ׳ I can tell the roe of clean fish from that of unclean fish. to express clearly, define. Targum Onkelos Genesis 30, 28. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 22, 21 (Yerushalmi (prefix) Af.). the same place (ibid.) 24, 11; 16; and elsewhere—participle passive מְפָרַשׁ. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2 the same place (ibid.) 24, 11 שמא מְפָרָשָׁא (= Hebrew שם המפורש, see the preceding; Yerushalmi (prefix) I Ithpeel). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 30, 22; and elsewhere—Yoma 3ᵇ פָּרוּשֵׁי קא מְפָרַשׁ וכ׳ it is clearly indicated in the text that it is ‘from thine own’ (the high priest’s private property); and elsewhere to distinguish, make wonderful.—participle passive as ab. Targum Judges 13, 18 (Hebrew text פלאי). to explain, interpret. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 1, 5 (Hebrew text באר).—Bava Bathra 121ᵃ גמיר … ולא ירע ליה לפָרוּשָׁהּ he learned the Boraitha by heart, but knew not how to explain it. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 1, 27ᵃ bottom of the page ופָרְשַׁנְתָּהּ תמן and we explained it there (to Bava Kamma 5, 10); the same place (ibid.) ופרשתנה (correct accordingly). Eruvin 54ᵃ לא … עד דמְפָרְשַׁת וכ׳ thou shalt not rest on thy legs (sit down) until thou hast explained these verses to me. Rosh Hashanah 26ᵃ לפָרוּשֵׁי מאה וכ׳ it is important for the explanation of meah ḳs’iṭah (Genesis 33, 19) etc.; and frequently Af'el הִפְעִיל אַפְרֵישׁto separate, divide, make a distinction; to set aside, dedicate. Targum Genesis 1, 4; 6. the same place (ibid.) 30, 40. Targum Isaiah 56, 3. Targum Onkelos Numbers 18, 24 (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition Vienna edition Pe.); and frequently— (neut. verb) to keep aloof, abstain. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 6, 2 (see above). to warn off, keep away. Shabbath 40ᵇ (ל)אַפְרוּשֵׁי מאיסורא to warn a person off from doing wrong. to speak out, declare. Targum Onkelos Numbers 6, 2 (edition Berlin edition Pa.). Targum Leviticus 27, 2 (O. edition Berlin edition Pa.); and elsewhere to distinguish, make wonderful. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 28, 59; and elsewhere—participle passive מַפְרַשׁ; feminine מַפְרְשָׁא; plural מַפְרְשִׁין; מַפְרְשָׁן. Targum 2 Samuel 1, 26. Targum Isaiah 29, 14; and elsewhere Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְפָּרַשׁ, אִיפָּ׳ ; Ithpeelאִתְפְּרַשׁ, אִיפְּ׳to be separated, to part, depart; to be set aside, dedicated. Targum Genesis 10, 32. Targum Isaiah 52, 11. Targum Leviticus 4, 10 (O. edition Berlin edition Ittaf.). Targum Exodus 29, 27 (O. edition Berlin edition Ittaf.); and frequently to be distinctly expressed, declared; to be explained, interpreted. Targum Numbers 1, 17. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 24, 11 (see above); and frequently—Megillah 3ᵃ דמִיפָּרְשָׁן, see סְתַם. Bava Kamma 112ᵇ, and frequently לדידי מִיפָּרְשָׁא לי מיניה וכ׳ to me it was explained by etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 4, 28ᵈ bottom of the page אתתבת ולא אִפָּרְשַׁת a question was raised, but it was not made clear (solved); אתתבת ואפ׳ it was raised and met. Ittaf. הֻפְעַל אִתַּפְרַשׁto be set aside, dedicated; to be distinguished. Targum Onkelos, edition Berlin edition, Leviticus 4, 10; and elsewhere, see above.—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 3, 18 יִתְאַפְרַשׁ let there be a distinction. ↗ original
פֶּרֶשׁsecretion, excrements (found in the entrails). Pesachim 20ᵃ נמצאת בפ׳ if the liquid is found in the excrements of the slaughtered animal. the same place (ibid.) (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) וליהדר פ׳ וכ׳ why should not the excrements again make the flesh unclean? the same place (ibid.) פ׳ עבה thick, substantial excrements, פ׳ רכה soft, viscid secretions. Avodah Zarah 34ᵇ פִּרְשׁוֹ מותרת its discharge may be used. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 41ᶜ bottom of the page פִּירְשָׁהּ גיפה הוא an animal’s discharge is part of its body; and elsewhere ↗ original
פָּרָשׁto chase, be fast, see Fried. Delitzsch, Prolegomena p. 95, note; compare פֶּרֶד 2) horseman, knight.—plural פָּרָשִׁים. Sanhedrin 95ᵇ והשאר פ׳ and the rest of the army were horsemen; and elsewhere ↗ original
פָּרָשׁ ² Targum Nahum, Book of 3, 3.—Shabbath 109ᵇ אידמי ליה כפ׳ he (Elijah) appeared to him as a horseman. Yevamoth 121ᵇ וי ליה לפ׳ וכ׳ alas, for the brave horseman (city guardsman) that is dead! Bava Bathra 8ᵃ לפ׳ Rashi (edition לפַרְשָׁאָה) towards maintaining the city guard, see טוּרְזַיָּנָא. Avodah Zarah 18ᵃ נקט נפשיה כחד פ׳ דמלכא Munich manuscript (edition only כפ׳; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) מן פָּרָשַׁיָּא) he (R. Meïr) assumed the disguise of a Roman knight.—plural פָּרָשִׁין, פָּרָשַׁיָּא, פָּרָשֵׁי. Targum Judges 15, 8. Targum Exodus 14, 28. the same place (ibid.) 17; and frequently—Avodah Zarah the passage cited, see above. Bava Metzia 86ᵃ, see גּוּנְדָּא I; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּרָשָׁא 1 (see פָּרָשׁ) [driving,] goad. Targum Judges 3, 31 פְּרַשׁ construct state (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פְּרָשַׁת). ↗ original
פְּרָשָׁא 2 (פְּרַשׁ, compare פְּרַת) [breaker, crusher,] ploughshare. Targum I Samuel 13, 20 (edition Vilna edition פָּ׳; Hebrew text מחרשת).—Bava Metzia 80ᵃ דנקיט פ׳ משלם he that handles the share is responsible for the damage, contradistinguished to מנא, coulter. ↗ original
פָּרָשָׁה 1 (פָּרַשׁ) separation, branching off.—פָּרָשַׁת דרכים, פרשת עיבור, cross-road. Berachoth 4, 4, see עִיבּוּר. Sotah 21ᵃ הגיע לפ׳ דרכים וכ׳ when the traveller reaches the cross-road (where there is a guide-post), he is saved from all dangers. the same place (ibid.) מהו פ׳ ד׳ וכ׳ what is meant by cross-road (in this parable)? A scholar on his dying day.—Chullin 46ᵃ פ׳ ראשונה the first branching off of the spinal column towards the legs, שניה the second branching off in the prolongation which forms the tail. the same place (ibid.) פי פ׳ the starting point of the branching off; פ׳ עצמה the branch itself; and elsewhere—plural פָּרָשׁוֹת. the same place (ibid.) 45ᵇ עד היכך חוט השדרה … עד בין הפ׳ how far does the spinal cord go (the severance of which causes the animal to be ṭ’refah)?… To ‘between the ramifications’; ליחוי לן מר בין הפ׳ show us the place called ‘between the ramifications’; and elsewhere crossing the ocean, sea-voyage. Vayikra Rabbah section 35, see אַפְרָשָׁה. (in writing) division, section, Parashah, the weekly Scripture lesson. Berachoth 9ᵇ אשרי … חדא פ׳ היא Ashré (Psalms I) and Lammah rag’shu (Psalms 2) are one section (psalm). the same place (ibid.) 63ᵃ איזוהי פ׳ קטנה שכל וכ׳ which is the small section (verse) on which all essentials of the Law depend? (Answ. Proverbs 3, 6) ‘In all thy ways etc.’ the same place (ibid.) 2, 2 (13ᵃ) למה קדמה פרשת שמע וכ׳ Babylonian edition (Mishnah a. Yerushalmi (prefix) edition only שמע) why is the section Sh’mʿa (Deuteronomy 6, 4-9) recited before V’hayah (the same place (ibid.) 11, 13-21)? Bava Bathra 14ᵇ פרשת בלעם the section treating of Balaam (Numbers 22, 2-24, 25); and very frequently—plural פָּרָשִׁיּוֹת (frequently פָּרָשׁוּת). Berachoth 9ᵇ י"ה פ׳ eighteen psalms. Bereshith Rabbah section 90. Vayikra Rabbah section 24. Tosefta Shabbath 1, 12 תינוקות … פָּרָשִׁיּוֹתֵיהֶן children and teacher may prepare their verses by lamp-light etc.; (Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 3ᵇ bottom of the page ראשי פסוקיהן). Berachoth 8ᵇ המשלים פָּרָשִׁיּוֹתָיו עם הצבור he who finishes the reading of the weekly lessons so as to keep up with the public reading in the synagogue. Megillah 29ᵇ לסדר פ׳ הוא חוזר the interrupted order of Scriptural reading is taken up again; and very frequently ↗ original
פָּרָשָׁה 2 (the preceding) proper noun of a place Parashah (Crossing); פָּרָשַׁת אשקלון the Crossing of Ashkalon. Tosefta Shevi'ith 4, 11; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 6, 36ᶜ פ׳ חומות וכ׳ (insert אשקלון); Sifré Deuteronomy 51; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 874. ↗ original
פַּרְשׁוּנְיָאParshunia, (Pashrunia), in Babylonia. Eruvin 104ᵃ פרש׳ early editions (Munich manuscript פרשותא; late editions פשר׳; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note); Pesachim 91ᵃ פרישנא (Munich manuscript פרשדוניא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). ↗ original
פָּרָשׁוּתָא = Hebrew פָּרָשָׁה, separation; פָּרָשׁוּת אורחcross-road. Targum Ezekiel 16, 25. the same place (ibid.) 21, 24; 26 (edition Vilna edition פְּ׳). Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 10, 8 פַּרְשַׁת.—Targum Onkelos Genesis 38, 14 פרשות עיינין (edition Berlin edition עינים), see עַיִן Chaldaic (Aramaic); Yerushalmi (prefix) פַּרְשַׁת אורחין.—5. פַּרְשְׁתָא. ↗ original
פַּרְשְׁתָא = Hebrew פָּרָשָׁה, cross-road, see פָּרָשׁוּתָא. interpretation. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 17, 18 פַּרְשַׁת אורייתא (not פרשא; Hebrew text משנה). section of writing, Parashah, weekly Scripture lesson. Megillah 4ᵃ (interpret. ולשנותה, the same place (ibid.)) כגון דאמרי אינשי אעבור פ׳ דא וכ׳ as people say, I will peruse this section and read it over again. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 8, beginning 40ᵈ עד דניחסל פַּרְשְׁתִי until I have finished my parashah; and elsewhere—plural פַּרְשְׁיָיתָא (frequently פרשיתא). Berachoth 8ᵇ, see כַּלָּה. the same place (ibid.) אשלימו פַּרְשְׁיוֹתַיְיכוּ וכ׳ (Hebraism. for פַּרְשְׁיָיתַיְיכוּ; Munich manuscript פַּרְשַׁיְיכוּ), see פָּרָשָׁה. ↗ original
פְּרָת (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun P’rath, the river Euphrates. Bereshith Rabbah section 16 פ׳ שפׄרׄה ורבה וכ׳ it is named P’rath (the growing), for its waters grow and increase, until people pass it on ships; פ׳ שמימיו פרין ורבין וכ׳ P’rath, for its waters are fruitful (fructifying); פ׳ שמפׄרׄיד והולך עד שכלה במגריפה ‘Rashi’ (edition שמפרש) it is named P’rath (see פְּרַת), because it goes on dividing (branching off in channels), until it ends under the (digging) spade; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 801 כמגרפה (correct accordingly); Sifré Deuteronomy 6 שמפרה והולך עד שכלה מגריפה לגרפי it goes on fructifying (irrigating), until the spade ceases to dig it; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 22 מפריס והולך עד שהוא כלה ופותחין וכ׳ goes on dividing, until it disappears, and they open it with the spade. Bechoroth 55ᵃ; and frequently—Denom. פְּרָתִי, plural פְּרָתִים. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 137 שתו מים הפ׳ ומתים they drank Euphrates water and died; (Pesikta Rabbati section 28 מימי הפרת). P’rath, name of certain districts or towns. Yoma 10ᵃ פ׳ דמישן (= רחנת עיר, Genesis 10, 11): פ׳ דבורסיף (= כלח the same place (ibid.)); Kiddushin 72ᵃ (explained חביל ימא) פ׳ דבורסי, see בּוֹרְסִיף. ↗ original
פָּרַת (compare פרר, פרד) to divide, crush, crumble. Pi'el פִּעֵל פֵּירֵתsame, in a transferred sense (with ב) to belittle, make light of. Koheleth Rabbah to 3, 11 אילו אחד … הוא פ׳ בממונו של עולם וכ׳ if any one else had said, ‘vanity of vanities etc.’ (the same place (ibid.) 1, 2), I might have thought, one that never owned two pennies in his life, made light of the wealth of the world etc. ↗ original
פַּרְתִּיאִין (Πάρθια) Parthians. Targum Esther 8, 15 מוקי פ׳ Parthian (red) socks (see Harp. Lat. Dictionary under the word Parthia, a. בּוּרְדִּיקָא). ↗ original
פָּשׁוּט (participle passive of פָּשַׁט) straight, plain, simple. Rosh Hashanah 3, 3 של יעל פ׳ a straight horn of the mountain-goat, opposite כפוף. Shabbath 104ᵃ, see כָּפַף. the same place (ibid.) 106ᵃ, see סִיט. Menachoth 35ᵇ ר׳ אחא מחוי פ׳ Munich manuscript (edition אשי) R. A. showed the index finger straight, i.e. the strap must reach from the arm to the tip of the index finger, when straightened, opposite כפוף (see Tosafoth ad loc. (on the passage); Rashi: the strap must be as long as the distance from the thumb to the index finger, stretched as wide as possible, opposite כפוף the distance from the index to the middle finger). Mechilta Beshallach beginning לא הביאן הק"בה דרך פ׳ וכ׳ the Lord did not lead them on the direct road to Palestine; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 226 בפשוטה (supply (understood word) דרך). Mechilta the passage cited לא הביאן המקום בפישוטן (correct accordingly). Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 16 בלשון פ׳ with a single expression (of praise), opposite כפול. Bava Bathra 10, 1, and frequently גט פ׳ a plain, open document, opposite מקושר folded; Tosefta Gittin 8 (6), 9 פ׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading גט פ׳). Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 3, 58ᵈ top פשוטה (supply (understood word) תקיעה) the plain note (תקיעה), opposite the tremulous note; and frequently (noun) פָּשׁוּטthe plain, literal sense. Shabbath 63ᵃ, and elsewhere אין מקרא יוצא מידי פְשׁוּטוֹ, see מִקְרָא. (supply (understood word) יורש) an heir entitled to a single share, opposite בְּכוֹר. Bechoroth 52ᵇ מה חלק פ׳ ירושה וכ׳ as the share of the plain heir is an inheritance, so the share of the firstborn is an inheritance (and not a gift affected by the jubilee laws); Bava Bathra 124ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) 126ᵃ בכור … כפ׳ ויתר, see וָתַר; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 4, end, 29ᵇ בכור שחלק בפ׳ (read בפ׳). Bamidbar Rabbah section 6 בני פ׳ the sons of a plain (not firstborn) man; and frequently—Fem. פְּשׁוּטָה (supply (understood word) ירושה) single share. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 8, 16ᵇ top, opposite כְּפֵילָה.—plural פְּשׁוּטִים, פְּשׁוּטִין; פְּשׁוּטוֹת. Shabbath 103ᵇ, see כָּפַף. Bamidbar Rabbah the passage cited פְּשׁוּטֵי הלוים וכ׳ the plain (not firstborn) Levites took the place of the firstborn Israelites; and frequently flat, level, without receptacle. Tosefta Kelim Bava Bathra 6, 1 המשנה … מן הפ׳ לקיבול if one changes a leather implement … from a flat surface to a receptacle. the same place (ibid.) 4, 3 פְּשׁוּטוֹ טהור in its flattened condition (when the bag is unrolled), it is not susceptible to uncleanness; and frequently—plural as ab. Kelim 2, 1 פְּשׁוּטֵיהֶן those of them which are flat, opposite מקבליהן which have receptacles. Shabbath 123ᵇ, and elsewhere פְּשׁוּטֵי כלי עץ flat wooden implements (boards etc.). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 10, end, 12ᵈ בפ׳ when they are flat, opposite מקופלין folded; and frequently ↗ original
פְּשׁוּטָא (the preceding) flat, plain.—plural פְּשׁוּטַיָּא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 31, 22 flat vesselsplain sense, see פְּשָׁטָא.—[Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 352 מפשוטיהן, see פְּשִׁיטָא.] ↗ original
פְּשׁוּרָא , plural פְּשׁוּרי = Hebrew פּוֹשְׁרִין, tepid (water). Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 2, 8 edition Lagarde edition (edition Vienna edition פָּשׁוֹ׳; other edition פּוּשְׁרֵי).—Chullin 46ᵇ; 47ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) 84ᵇ כסא דפשורים some edition (read: רֵי …, or רִין …); Bava Metzia 29ᵇ דפושרין (some edition דפשרין), see חַרְשִׁין; and elsewhere (see פִּישְׁרָא) rills formed by thawing snow. Avodah Zarah 34ᵇ, see עִיקּוּלָא. Kiddushin 73ᵇ פִּשְׁרֵי יש בו וכ׳ (Rashi: פושרי) if a child is found in shallow water formed by melting snow (where no ship can pass), it is legally considered a foundling. ↗ original
פָּשַׁחPi'el) to split, tear off, strip. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 16, 15ᵈ נתלה … ופְשָׁחוֹ he suspended himself from a branch of an olive tree and tore it off (for a weapon); Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 122ᵇ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 14, 10.—[Tosefta Nega'im 5, 13 פשח מן הנימין, read with Rabbenu Shimshon to Nega'im 11, 10 פָּשָׂה.] Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְשַׁחto be stripped, split. Shevi'ith 4, 6 אילן שנ׳ וכ׳ if a tree is split, you may tie it up in the Sabbatical year, not that it may grow together again, but that it may not split farther. ʿUktsin 3, 8; Tosefta Kelim Bava Kamma 1, 13; Chullin 128ᵇ, see עָרָה 2. the same place (ibid.) 127ᵇ אילן שנ׳ ובו פירות if a tree is stripped, and on it (on the branch torn off) are fruits; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּשַׁח Targum I Samuel 15, 33 (Hebrew text שסף). Targum Psalms 7, 3 (Hebrew text פרק).—Moed Katan 10ᵇ האי מאן דפ׳ דיקלא he that strips a date palm (cuts shoots off); Bava Bathra 54ᵃ Pa'el פִּעֵל פַּשַּׁחsame. Targum 2 Esther 3, 8.—Betzah 33ᵇ הוה מְפַשֵּׁחַ וכ׳ broke a branch off, and gave us each several sticks. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְפְּשַׁח, אִיפְּשַׁחto be torn loose, separated. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 11, 32; 39. (compare פָּרַסHif'il) to part one’s feet, to force one’s self to stand still. Kiddushin 81ᵃ מטא לפלגא (ד)דרגא א׳ when he arrived at half the ladder, he stemmed his feet. ↗ original
פָּשַׁט (Biblical Hebrew) to stretch, straighten. Shabbath 1, 1, and the following פ׳ העני את ידו וכ׳ if the recipient puts his hand forth to within (the house). Pesachim 118ᵇ, and elsewhere שפּוֹשְׁטִין, see פַּס 2. Bereshith Rabbah section 28 לא פָשְׁטוּ ידיהם במצות they (the Sodomites) never stretched their hands forth for good deeds (charity); Echah Rabbah to 4, 6; Yalkut Shimoni Ezekiel 351. Berachoth 3ᵇ; Sanhedrin 16ᵃ לכו פִשְׁטוּ וכ׳, see גְּדוּד. Menachoth 1, 2 פושט את אצבעותיו וכ׳ he stretches his fingers so as to reach his wrist. Vayikra Rabbah section 2 פושטין לו יד we must reach forth our hands to him, see כָּנָף. Kethuboth 13, 5 הפוסק … ופ׳ לו את הרגל if a man promises a certain amount to his intended son-in-law, and shows him the foot, i.e. refuses to give it to him; and very frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 3, 58ᵈ top (referring to פשוט, the same place (ibid.) 3, 3) כדי שיִפְשְׁטוּ וכ׳ (or שיְפַשְּׁטוּ, Pi'el) (the horn is straight,) intimating that they must straighten their hearts through repentance.—participle passive פָּשׁוּט, which see to strip; (supply (understood word) בגדיו) to undress. Yoma 3, 4; 6. the same place (ibid.) 31ᵇ פּוֹשֵׁט … מקדש he (the high priest) undresses first and then sanctifies (washes his hands and feet). the same place (ibid.) 32ᵃ כלום אדם פושט אלא וכ׳ can a man put off anything except what he has put on? Tamid 1, 1; and frequently—participle passive פָּשׁוּט. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 3, 40ᶜ bottom of the page אחת פ׳ ואחת לבוש וכ׳ whether he undresses or dresses, in either case the sanctification follows the active to make plain, to explain. Bamidbar Rabbah section 18; Tanchuma Chukkath 1 היה יושב ופושט וכ׳ was sitting at the gate of his town and explaining (teaching); (Bereshith Rabbah section 10 ודורש). Shemoth Rabbah section 47 היה למד … ופושט אותה וכ׳ he learned (the Torah) in day-time and explained it to himself at night; and frequently—participle passive as ab. Vayikra Rabbah section 16 (referring to Psalms 34, 13) כל ימי … היכן הוא פ׳ all my days I have read this verse (question), but I never knew where it is answered. (neut. verb) to spread, be published. Horayoth 3ᵇ עד שתִּפְשׁוֹט הוראה בכל וכ׳ until the decision is spread (adopted) in the whole congregation of Israel. Avodah Zarah 36ᵃ; and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּישֵּׁטto stretch, straighten out. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 3, 21ᵃ bottom of the page התחיל מְפַשֵּׁט וכ׳ (interch. with פישט) he began to put forth his hands and deal in fruits of the Sabbatical year. Tosefta Nega'im 1, 8 מְפַשְּׁטִין את קומטיו וכ׳ the creases are straightened out, and then the leprous spot is examined; and elsewhere—Tosefta Niddah 6, 4, see below.—participle passive מְפוּשָּׁט. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 9, 57ᵈ רגליו מְפוּשָּׁטוֹת וידו וכ׳ if the corpse is found with its feet stretched and its hands on the heart, opposite קמצוץ. to strip, take off. Tosefta Kelim Bava Kamma 4, 17 משיְפַשֵּׁט את חלוקו (not חלוקן) from the time that the coat (the plaster of the stove) is taken off. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְשַׁטto be straightened out, be unfolded, become flat. Kelim 26, 2 נ׳ טהור when it (the bag) is straightened out (so as to be a plain piece of leather, see פָּשׁוּט), it is not susceptible to uncleanness. Tosefta Nega'im the passage cited כקמוט שנ׳ like a creased garment that has been straightened out; and elsewhere to be stripped. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 14 נ׳ עור צפורן וכ׳ the horny skin was taken from Adam, and he saw himself naked. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 92, see below. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְשִׁיטto strip, flay. Pesachim 5, 9 כיצד תולין ומַפְשִׁיטִין how did they suspend and flay (the Passover lamb)? the same place (ibid.) מי … ולהַפְשִׁיט he that could find no place where to suspend and flay. Tamid 4, 2. Pesikta Rabbati section 28 הִפְשִׁיטוּ את עבדיהם וכ׳ they undressed their men servants and maid servants and presented them etc.; and frequently to shed the skin. Pirké d’R. El. the passage cited שיהא מַפְשִׁיט את עורו וכ׳ that it (the serpent) should shed its skin once in seven years. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 92 מן העור שה׳ הנחש וכ׳ edition Buber edition (other edition שנפשט) of the skin which the serpent shed the Lord made garments of honor etc.; Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 20; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 34. Hof. הֻפְעַל הוּפְשַׁטto be stripped. Zevachim 11, 3 עד שלא ה׳ before the hide was taken off. the same place (ibid.) 93ᵇ; and elsewhere Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְפַּשֵּׁט,Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְפַּשֵּׁטto be straightened, become even; to flatten. Chagigah 9ᵃ חיגר … ונ׳ וכ׳ if he was lame on the first day and became straight etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 1, 2ᵈ bottom of the page עד שתִּתְפַּשֵּׁט הכף, see כַּף; Tosefta Niddah 6, 4 עד שתְּפַשֵּׁט את וכ׳. Bava Bathra 120ᵃ נִתְפַּשְּׁטוּ הקמטין וכ׳ the wrinkles became even, and her beauty returned etc.; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּשַׁטto stretch, stretch forth; to straighten. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 22, 10. the same place (ibid.) 38, 28. Targum Proverbs 31, 19; and frequently—the same place (ibid.) 26, 18, see בְּשַׁט.—Rosh Hashanah 26ᵇ כמה דפָשֵׁיט איניש וכ׳ the more man straightens his mind (removes all duplicity, see the preceding), the better it is, opposite כייף bends, humbles.—participle passive פָּשִׁיט; feminine פְּשִׁיטָא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 26, 28 (edition Amsterdam edition פַּשִּׁיט). Targum 2 Esther 5, 1. to strip, tear, flay. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 23, 24.—Pesachim 113ᵃ פְּשׁוֹט; Bava Bathra 110ᵃ, see נְטַשׁ I. (neut. verb) to be stretched forth, reach out. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 8, end, 21ᵇ ידיה דלא פַשְׁטַן מיתן וכ׳ may these hands which did not reach out to give thee, be cut off. to explain, teach; to deduce. Bereshith Rabbah section 17 הוון יתבין פַּשְטִין וכ׳ he and R. … sat teaching; Vayikra Rabbah section 34. Bava Metzia 18ᵇ וקא פשיט רבא דיחזיר and Raba decided that restitution must be made. Kiddushin 9ᵇ בתר דבעיא הדר פַּשְׁטָהּ after having raised the question, he met it again himself. Berachoth 2ᵇ והדר פשטו לה מברייתא and then they solved the question by deduction from a Boraitha. Horayoth 13ᵇ פ׳ גרס ותנא וכ׳ he explained (the subject to himself), and committed it to memory again and again. Bava Metzia 90ᵇ פְּשׁוֹט מהא חדא derive from this (Boraitha) one answer to the questions before us. Kiddushin 25ᵃ מי בעיתו … ולא פְשִׁיטְנָא לכו did you ever ask me anything that I did not explain to you?; and frequently—5. פְּשִׁיטָא. ↗ original
פְּשָׁטָא (the preceding) plain wording; plain sense. Kethuboth 111ᵇ פְּשָׁטֵיה דקרא במאי כתיב what does the plain text (not homiletically changed) refer to?; Eruvin 23ᵇ פשטיה דקרא וכ׳ what is the plain sense (not homiletically forced) of the text?; Kiddushin 80ᵇ; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 1, beginning 18ᵃ פְּשׁוּטֵה דקרייא the plain sense of the text. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 8, 16ᵃ בעי מימר פְשָׁטֵיה וכ׳ (not פנסטה) wanted to give the meaning (of the verse) and could not find it. extension, natural course (of a river). Gittin 60ᵇ; Chullin 18ᵇ; 57ᵃ, see נְהַר 2. ↗ original
פְּשִׁיחָא (פְּשַׁח) stripping. Shabbath 109ᵇ אפ׳ דדיקלא (some edition אפשיחה) on that portion of a date palm which shows the signs of having been stripped. ↗ original
פְּשִׁיטָא common gender (the preceding) explanation, teaching.—plural פְּשִׁיטִין. Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 665 כיון דחסלין מן פְּשִׁיטֵיהוֹן when they had finished their studies; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 352 מפשוטיהן. plain, self-evident truth; is it not a matter of course? Megillah 3ᵇ, and frequently פ׳ לי I have no doubt. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 7, 34ᵇ bottom of the page פ׳ דא מילתא וכ׳ this is clear, that etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 10, end, 12ᵈ מה דצריכא לר׳ י׳ פ׳ לי׳ וכ׳ what to R. Jeremiah is doubtful, is clear to Isaac ben U. Bava Bathra 137ᵃ פ׳ מהו דתימא וכ׳ is not this a matter of course (what need was there to say it)? (Answ.) I might have thought etc. Bava Metzia 16ᵃ פ׳ זבנה וכ׳ it is undisputed, if he sold it …, but if he made a present of it (to the robber), there is a difference of opinion etc.; and very frequently—plural פְּשִׁיטָן. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 1, 60ᵇ מילין … פ׳ לכון פ׳ וכ׳ things doubtful to the Rabbis are clear to you; those clear to the Rabbis, are doubtful to you. (fem.) Ps’hiṭa, a small coin. Chullin 54ᵇ כפ׳ זוטרתי like a small P.—plural פְּשִׁיטֵי. the same place (ibid.) פ׳ דפומבדיתא the small coins of Pumb’ditha. Bava Metzia 16ᵇ פ׳ דספרא the writer’s fee, see זוּר Chaldaic (Aramaic)—Transferred flat and round blisters. Gittin 67ᵇ קאי בישריה פ׳ פ׳ his body was full of blisters. ↗ original
פְּשִׁיטָה (פָּשַׁט) stretching forth. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 5, 42ᵇ bottom of the page פְּשִׁיטַת יד reaching out with the hand. undressing. the same place (ibid.) 3, 40ᶜ הקיש פ׳ ללבישה draw an analogy between (the high priest’s) taking off and (his) putting on his garments; Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 31ᵇ; and elsewhere—5. לְבִישָׁה. ↗ original
פְּשִׁיטוּת (see פָּשׁוּט) the plain heir’s right, single share. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 8, 16ᵇ top ליטול פ׳ אביו to take the plain share to which his father would have been entitled, opposite כפילות. ↗ original
פְּשִׁיטְנָא (פְּשַׁט) a low, spreading plant, fern. Shabbath 110ᵇ ליתי פ׳ וכ׳ manuscripts (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note; edition פשטינא; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פשישנא) let him take a fern and boil it in wine etc. ↗ original
פְּשִׁיעָה (פָּשַׁע) trespass, negligence. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 14, 14ᶜ bottom of the page תשעים … מתים בפ׳ וכ׳ ninety-nine persons die through their own fault against one through the hands of heaven (a natural death); Vayikra Rabbah section 16.—Esp. negligence in guarding a trust, indictable neglect (Exodus 22, 8). Bava Metzia 94ᵇ אבידה שקרובה לפ׳ losing which comes near to wilful neglect, opposite אונס. the same place (ibid.) 81ᵃ, and elsewhere פ׳ בבעלים a loss through carelessness that occurred in the presence of the owner (Exodus the passage cited 14). Bava Kamma 21ᵇ, and elsewhere תחלתו בפ׳ וסופו באונס if there was neglect in the start, but the final injury came about through an unforeseen accident; and frequently ↗ original
פְּשִׁיעוּתָא Bava Metzia 42ᵃ אע"ג דלענין גנבי נטירותא … פ׳ היא although this was proper care as regards thieves, it was carelessness as regards fire. the same place (ibid.) כל לא ידענא פ׳ הוא every ‘I do not know’ (plea of ignorance) is considered an admission of indictable neglect; and elsewhere ↗ original
פָּשַׁל (compare פָּתַל) to twist, knot, see below. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְשִׁילto knot and fasten. Tosefta Shabbath 4 (5), 2 ויַפְשִׁיל את הרצועה תחת זנבו and fasten the strap under its tail; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, 7ᵇ bottom of the page; Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 53ᵃ יפשיל Munich manuscript (edition יִפְשׁוֹל). Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 6 (7), 9 אל תַּפְשִׁיל ידך לאחוריך וכ׳ do not twist thy hands on thy back, lest we be prevented from work (a superstitious belief); Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 587.—Esp. ה׳ לאחוריוto twist or knot a bundle and throw it over one’s shoulder. Sukkah 27ᵇ טליתו וכ׳ … ה׳ R. El. tied up his cloak and threw it over his back and went off; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 9 … רגליו וכ׳ ה׳ (read בגדיו, see below) R. El. bundled up his garments etc., i.e. went off in an ostentatious manner). Tosefta Chullin 8, 4 [read:] נותנן … ומַפְשִׁילָן לאחוריו he may wrap them up with the peddler’s bundle and strike, and cast them over his shoulder. Menachoth 85ᵇ ה׳ כליו לאחוריו he tied up his implements and threw them etc. Kilayim 9, 5 Yerushalmi (prefix) edition הצנועים מַפְשִׁילִין לאחוריהן במקל the scrupulous carry (the garments of mixed material, כלאים) in bundles over their shoulders. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 9, beginning 31ᵈ (referring to לא יעלה, Leviticus 19, 19) I might have thought, לא יפשיל את הקופה וכ׳ (not לך) one dare not throw the bundle (containing forbidden garments) over one’s shoulder; Sifré Deuteronomy 232 לא יַפְשִׁילֶנּוּ בקופה וכ׳ (not לקופה); Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 614 לא יִפְשְׁלֶנּוּ בקופה וכ׳; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 22, end; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 38 ה׳ דברים לאחוריו וכ׳ he (Cain) threw the words (which he had heard) over his shoulder and went off, i.e. was petulant. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Shub., p. 160ᵃ יצא כמפשיל דברים וכ׳ he went off like one that casts the words etc.; Vayikra Rabbah section 10 ה׳ בגדיו לאחוריו, see above.—participle passive מוּפְשָׁל; feminine מוּפְשֶׁלֶת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 2, 3ᵃ היתה קופתו מ׳ וכ׳ if his bundle (of grain etc.) was hanging over his back etc. Berachoth 62ᵇ; and elsewhere to twist (wicks), (see פְּתִילָה). Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 5, 55ᵇ bottom of the page (explained מפקיעין) מַפְשִׁילִים they make wicks of them, see פָּקַע. Kethuboth 75ᵃ הִפְשִׁילָה דדיה וכ׳ she twisted her breasts back of her and gave suck to her child; and elsewhere ↗ original
פָּשַׁע (Biblical Hebrew) [to pass beyond,] to be wilful, rebellious. Yoma 4, 2 פָּשַׁעְתִּי; the same place (ibid.) 6, 2 פָּשְׁעוּ, see עָוָה; and frequently—פּוֹשֵׁעַ a wilful transgressor, rebel, apostate. Gittin 57ᵃ פ׳ ישראל a Jewish apostate (the censor’s disguise for Jesus). the same place (ibid.) תא חזי מה בין פּוֹשְׁעֵי ישראל וכ׳ come and see the difference between Jewish apostates and gentile prophets. Rosh Hashanah 17ᵃ פ׳ ישראל בגופן Jewish sinners with their bodies (disregarding the ceremonial laws intended to guard the purity of life); פ׳ אומות העולם בגופן gentile sinners with their bodies (lustful and violent). Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 51 כשאתה אומר לפּוֹשְׁעִים … אם תקבלני כל הפושעים משלימים לך when thou sayest to the sinners, why have you not repented? (they may plead ignorance of thy goodness, but) if thou receivest me, all sinners will make peace with thee; and frequently to be faithless. Bereshith Rabbah section 52 (referring to Proverbs 18, 19) פָּשַׁעְתָּ באברהם thou (Lot) wast faithless to Abraham; Bamidbar Rabbah section 18 זה קרח שפ׳ בתורה וכ׳ this refers to Korah who was faithless to the Law, which is called ‘strength’; and frequently—Esp. (with referring to Exodus 22, 8) to be negligent in guarding a trust. Bava Metzia 36ᵇ פ׳ בה וכ׳ if he was careless in guarding the animal, and it went out etc. the same place (ibid.) 34ᵃ כיון שאמר פשעתי וכ׳ as soon as he says, ‘I have been at fault’, he surrenders the eventual fine (of the thief) to the owner. the same place (ibid.) 58ᵃ כי היכי דלא לקרו להו פושעים in order that they may not be called faithless guardians; and frequently—Berachoth 28ᵃ ונקרא פושע and he is called negligent (because he delayed his prayers). Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְשִׁיעַto cause to transgress. Bamidbar Rabbah section 9 (referring to Exodus 22, 8) מדבר באהרן שה׳ ישראל בדיבור לא יהיה it alludes to Aaron who caused Israel to transgress the commandment, ‘thou shalt have no other gods etc.’ (Exodus 20, 3). ↗ original
פְּשַׁע Taanith 24ᵃ כל מאן דפ׳ מחשדינא וכ׳ if a child rebels (refuses to study), I bribe him by giving him etc. Gittin 36ᵃ הוה פָּשַׁע בינוקי he was faithless to (maltreated) the children; Makkoth 16ᵇ ↗ original
פֶּשַׁעthe preceding) rebellion, sin. Bereshith Rabbah section 22 ילפִשְׁעִי, see סָבַל. Tanchuma Vayesheb 4 מה פשעי what wrong have I done?; and elsewhere—plural פְּשָׁעִים. Yoma 3, 8; 4, 2. the same place (ibid.) 36ᵇ פ׳ אלו המרדים by p’shaʿim are meant rebellious acts; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 40ᵈ bottom of the page פִּשְׁעֵיהֶם; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 1; and elsewhere ↗ original
פִּשְׁפּוּשׁ (פִּשְׁפֵּשׁ 1) investigation. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 19, 20 (Hebrew text בקרת). that which has been, or is to be searched out, depth, recess. Targum Job 8, 8 (Hebrew text חקר). the same place (ibid.) 38, 16; and elsewhere—plural פִּשְׁפּוּשִׁין, פִּי׳. Targum Psalms 95, 4. ↗ original
פִּשְׁפֵּשׁ [to split, enter into, compare בָּדַק) to examine, investigate. Sifré Deuteronomy 306 (referring to Deuteronomy 32, 2) מה שעירים … ומְפַשְׁפְּשִׁין בהם וכ׳ as the rains come down upon the plants and cleanse and permeate them etc.; כן הוי מְפַשְׁפֵּשׁ וכ׳ so do thou enter into the words of the Law etc.; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 942. Berachoth 5ᵃ אם רואה אדם … יְפַשְׁפֵּשׁ במעשיו if man sees that troubles are coming upon him, let him investigate his conduct; אם פ׳ ולא מצא וכ׳ if he has investigated and can find nothing (wrong) etc. Eruvin 13ᵇ, see מִשְׁמֵשׁ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 1, 25ᵃ bottom of the page אם בשפי׳ ומצא וכ׳ if it be a case when he searched and found (tokens of virginity) etc. Shemoth Rabbah section 25 בשר ודם מְפַשְׁפֵּשׁ שטרותיו a human being examines his papers. Tanchuma Chukkath 6 חקרתי ושאלתי ופִשְׁפַּשְׁתִּי I searched and inquired and investigated. Tosefta Shekalim 2, 1 מְפַשְׁפְּשִׁין בו וכ׳ they searched him on entering (the treasury) and on leaving. Tosefta Yevamoth 14, 8 מפשפשין באותה העיר investigation is held in that town. Tosefta Nega'im 6, 7 צא ופַשְׁפֵּשׁ בעצמך וכ׳ go and examine thyself (thy conduct) and do repentance; and elsewhere ↗ original
פַּשְׁפֵּשׁ 1 Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 31, 34 (Hebrew text משש). the same place (ibid.) 35 (Hebrew text חפש). Targum Psalms 139, 1 (Hebrew text חקר); and frequently—Vayikra Rabbah section 22 אזלין ופַשְׁפְּשׁוּנֵיה they went and searched him; Bereshith Rabbah section 10. Bereshith Rabbah section 49 זיל פַּשְׁפֵּש דינא go and investigate the case. Echah Rabbah to 1, 2 (referring to Psalms 77, 7) משתצי אנא … ומְפַשְׁפֵּשׁ בעובדי I speak to my heart and investigate my doings; and frequently ↗ original
פִּשְׁפֵּשׁ 2 (compare the preceding a. פָּשַׁר) [to divide, spread,] to dissolve. Yalkut Shimoni Lamentations 1000 היו מְפַשְׁפְּשִׁין ונופלין they melted and fell apart. ↗ original
פַּשְׁפֵּשׁ 2 (transpos. of שפשף) to rub against, let glide down. Shabbath 154ᵇ דקמְפַשְׁפֵּשׁ ליה וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition דקא משפשף) he let his son glide down the back of an ass (to amuse him). ↗ original
פִּשְׁפָּשׁ common gender (פִּשְׁפֵּשׁ 1) wicket. Middoth 1, 7 זה שהיה פתוח לעזרה פ׳ קטן היה לו וכ׳ the gate which opened into the court had a small wicket by which they entered to patrol etc. Tamid 1, 3. Shemoth Rabbah section 42 פתח … פ׳ מתחת וכ׳ the Lord opened unto him a wicket under his throne of glory. Bamidbar Rabbah section 13; Pesikta Rabbati section 5 נכנס בפ׳ ושילח וכ׳ he entered the palace through a wicket, and sent his crier forth saying, the king has entered the palace. Gittin 54ᵇ (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) ורילמא דחזיניה בפ׳ perhaps one saw him (the high priest) through the wicket; and elsewhere—plural פִּשְׁפְּשִׁין, פִּי׳. Shekalim 6, 3. Zevachim 56ᵃ; 55ᵇ שני פ׳ היו וכ׳ (Manuscript Rome 2 פְּשׁוּפְשִׁין, Manuscript Karlsruhe פְּשִׁיפְשִׁין, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 80) two wickets, eight handbreadths high, were in the Temple chamber for the knives; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 7, 1 פסיפסין edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading פסיפיסין, correct accordingly). Zevachim the passage cited פִּישְׁפִּישִׁין שאני it was different as regards the height of wickets. Bereshith Rabbah section 1; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 2 היאך הוא עושה חדרים … פ׳ how to arrange the chambers, how to arrange the wickets (doors between the rooms). ↗ original
פִּשְׁפָּשׁ 2 (פִּשְׁפֵּשׁ 1, compare בַּקָּא) [searcher,] bed-bug. Terumoth 8, 2. Niddah 58ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᶜ bottom of the page, see עֲלוּקָה. ↗ original
פִּשְׁפָּשׁ 3 (פִּשְׁפֵּשׁ 2) melting, dissolving. Yalkut Shimoni Lamentations 1000 (referring to למס, Lamentations 1, 1) אין לשון מס אלא לשון פ׳ וכ׳mas means melting, as we read (Exodus 16, 21) etc. ↗ original
פָּשַׁר [to divide, to spread,] to melt, dissolve. Mechilta Beshallach, Vayassʿa, section 4 (explained ונמס, Exodus 16, 21, compare פִּשְׁפָּשׁ 3) כיון … היה פוֹשֵׁר והולך וכ׳ when the sun shone upon it (the manna), it melted and formed rivulets which ran etc. to be stale, tepid. Tanchuma Vayesheb 4 כוס פשור (probably to be read פּוֹשֵׁר) a cup of wine mixed with stale water. Sifra M’tsorʿa, Chaldaic (Aramaic) I מים פושרים stale water (from pools), opposite מים חיים. Parah 8, 9 (מים) המלוחים והפּוֹשְׁרִים salty water and pool water.—In gen. פּוֹשְׁרִים, פּוֹשְׁרִין (supply (understood word) מים) tepid liquids. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 20, 17ᶜ bottom of the page, opposite צונין. Bereshith Rabbah section 86 when his master said to him מזוג פ׳ והיו פ׳ mix the wine with tepid water, it was tepid, opposite רותחין. Berachoth 16ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 5ᵇ bottom of the page; see כָּוָה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Niddah 2, beginning 50ᶜ; and frequently—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 10, end, 34ᵃ, see Pi'el—Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 38 ופשרתי, see NithpaHif'il הִפְעִיל הִפְשִׁירto make tepid; to temper, cool. Shabbath 40ᵇ מפני שמַפְשִׁיר מים שעליו because (by standing against the fire after a cold bath) he tempers (warms) the water on his body. the same place (ibid.) 3, 5 (41ᵃ, and the following) כדי להַפְשִׁירָן enough to temper the cold water, opposite בשביל שיחמו to get hot. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 6ᵇ top מותר להַפְשִׁיר במקום שהיד שולטת you may temper (cold water, on the Sabbath) by contact with a temperature which the hand can endure. Vayikra Rabbah section 26 (referring to Ezekiel 10, 7) הִפְשִׁירָן ונתנן וכ׳ he lowered the temperature of the coals and handed them to him; Yalkut Shimoni Kings 220; Tanchuma Emor 3; Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 24 (Yoma 77ᵃ נצטננו). Pesikta Rabbati section 12 (referring to קָרְךָ, Deuteronomy 25, 18) אשר קֵירְךָ הִפְשִׁירְךָ וכ׳ ‘who cooled thee’, he (Amalek) made thee lukewarm, he made thee cold like water (so that others were encouraged to attack thee); and frequently (see פְּשָׁרָה) to compromise. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 5, 20ᶜ bottom of the page אברהם עשה … וה׳ עמו וכרות עמו וכ׳ Abraham changed the evil inclination within him into good …, he compromised with it, (as we read, Nehemiah 9, 8,) and he made a covenant with it (his heart); Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 14ᵇ bottom of the page והפסיד אלא (correct accordingly).—Tosefta Eruvin 11 (8), 11, see below. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְשַׁרto be dissolved; to be tempered. Bava Kamma 28ᵇ אפי׳ נִפְשָׁרָה even if the vessel fell apart (and its contents made the ground slippery). Shabbath 40ᵇ לא בשביל שיבשל … שיִפָּשֵׁר not that it (the oil) be heated to boiling, but only that it be tempered (or be made more liquid). Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּישֵּׁרto separate, tear loose, disengage. Tanchuma Ki Thissa 1 את מְפַשֵּׁר אותה וכ׳ thou disengagest it (the thorn sticking to thy garments) here, and it sticks there; Pesikta Rabbati section 10 beginning והוא מפשר אותה וכ׳ (not אותם). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᵃ bottom of the page מְפַשְּׁרָן וכ׳ he may pick them (the thorns) out, … provided he does not tear the garment; Tosefta Eruvin 11 (8), 11 מפשר בידו variant reading (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) מפשיר). Pesikta Rabbati section 13 עמד ופִשְּׁרוֹ הימנו he stood up and tore it (the dog) away from him. the same place (ibid.) זכור היאך פִּישַּׁרְתִּי הימך וכ׳ remember how I tore the dog away from thee; and elsewhere to temper. Echah Rabbah to 1, 12 יום אחד היה חרון … פִּשְּׁרוֹ the glowing wrath of the Lord lasted one day; if Israel had repented, he would have cooled it off. to compromise, arbitrate. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 6, 11ᵃ top באותו שיכול לפַשֵּׁר in a case of seizure for service (אנגריא), when he might have compromised (pay a certain amount and release the seized animal). Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 1, 18ᵇ bottom of the page שנים שפִּישְּׁרוּ וכ׳ when two judges have arbitrated, the parties cannot retract. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 10, end, 34ᵃ [read:] פי׳ מן השני חזקה וכ׳ if he compromised with the second creditor, it is taken for granted that the first creditor has a right to seize the debtor’s property (without regard to the claims of the second); פי׳ מן הראשון … פי׳ if he compromised with the first creditor …, he has compromised (the compromise is binding, and the second creditor cannot seize that portion of the property which the first would have had a right to claim, see Asheri to Kethuboth 91ᵇ). Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְפַּשֵּׁרto be disentangled; in a transferred sense to be acquitted, pardoned. Bereshith Rabbah section 22 עשיתי תשובה ונִתְפַּשַּׁרְתִּי I repented and was pardoned; Vayikra Rabbah section 10; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms C; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 38 ופשרתי (correct accordingly). ↗ original
פְּשַׁר 1to melt, be dissolved. Targum Onkelos Exodus 16, 21.—Transferred (of a charm) to vanish, be broken. Sanhedrin 67ᵇ כי מטא לאשקויי מייא פ׳ וכ׳ when he came (to a river) to let the ass drink, it disappeared (the charm was broken), and there stood a landing board (see אוּסְקָנִיתָא). [to dissolve,] to chew the cud. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 11, 7. Targum Deuteronomy 14, 8. to solve a riddle or a dream; to interpret. Targum Genesis 40, 16. the same place (ibid.) 41, 12; and frequently (in O. edition Berlin edition interch. with Pa'el).—Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 דלמא דאתון (חדא איתתא) רבתי חכימין למִיפְשַׁר חלמא וכ׳ do you understand how to interpret a dream which I had as well as your master?; and elsewhere Pa'el פִּעֵל פַּשֵּׁרto disengage, tear loose. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Shekalim, p. 11ᵃ דאת מְפַשֵּׁר לה וכ׳ (not ליה) which thou makest loose here etc., see the preceding a. סִירְתָּא; Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 953; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 386.—Sanhedrin the passage cited פַּשְּׁרָה לה (Manuscript Karlsruhe פַּשַּׁרְתָּהּ) she released (disenchanted) her. to solve (a riddle), interpret (a dream). Targum Onkelos Genesis 41, 15 וּמְפַשַּׁר edition Berlin edition (edition Amsterdam edition לְמִפְשַׁר). the same place (ibid.) 40, 16; and frequently (see above).—Targum Song of Songs 2, 5 (some edition מַפְשַׁרAf.).—Yoma 28ᵇ הוא חלים והוא מפשר did he dream and himself interpret?, i.e. did he answer his own query? Berachoth 56ᵃ מפשר חלמי הוה was an interpreter of dreams; the same place (ibid.) מפשר ליה וכ׳, see גְּרִיעוּתָא. Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 רבתי (חד כות׳ 1) חד … עביד נפשיה מפשר חלמין a certain Samaritan professed to be an interpreter of dreams; and frequently—participle passive מְפַשַּׁר. Berachoth 55ᵇ חלמא דלא מפ׳ וכ׳ a dream not interpreted is like a letter not read (has no effect). to release, settle with. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 10, end, 34ᵃ [read as Asheri to Kethuboth 91ᵇ:] קום פַּשֵּׁר (or פַּשְּׁרִין) rise and settle with me; יכיל מומר ליה פַּשְּׁרִין ואי טרף טרף he may say to him, settle with me, and if he (the prior creditor) should seize (what you give me in settlement), he may seize it. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Shub., p. 164ᵇ פשר פריטך settle thy account; and elsewhere Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְפַּשִּׁרto be released. the same place (ibid.) עד זמן דמִתְפַּשּׁר פריטוי until he has redeemed his debt; וכיון דנתפשר וכ׳ (read: דאתפשר) and when his account was settled (see סְפַן). ↗ original
פַּשַּׁר (the preceding) interpreter. Targum Onkelos Genesis 40, 8 edition Berlin edition (other edition פָּשַׁר). the same place (ibid.) 41, 15. ↗ original
פְּשָׁרָה (פָּשַׁר) [division, compare בָּצַע,] compromise, settlement (compare Samar. פשרונה for משפט, Exodus 21, 1, and frequently]. Kethuboth 10, 6 עד שיעשו פ׳ ביניהם until they agree to a division among them. Tosefta Sanhedrin 1, 2 כשם שהדין … כך הפ׳ בשלשה as three judges are required for legal judgment, so are three required for arbitration; Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 5ᵇ ופ׳ בשנים a compromise is valid if made before two judges. the same place (ibid.) שנים שעשו פ׳ וכ׳ when two judges have arbitrated, the parties cannot retract (see פָּשַׁר). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 18ᵇ, see הַכְרָעָה. Berachoth 10ᵃ; and frequently—Sifré Numbers 95 פ׳ היא זו וכ׳ this is to be a compromise (between God and ourselves), he cannot give us what we demand. ↗ original
פְּשָׁרוּתָא Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 1, 16. ↗ original
פשת , Echah Rabbah to 2, 2, see פּוּשׁ Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original
פִּשְׁתִּים plural (used as singular feminine; Biblical Hebrew also פֵּשֶׁת a. פִּשְׁתָּה; פשת, compare פוש, to spread; compare בּוּץ) flax, linen. Kilayim 9, 1 אין אסור … אלא צמר ופ׳ no mixed web is forbidden as Kilayim, except wool and flax. Shabbath 27ᵃ. Menachoth 39ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, beginning 31ᵈ (referring to Leviticus 13, 47) מה פ׳ כברייתה וכ׳ as by ‘flax’ the material in its natural color is meant, so ‘wool’ is meant etc.; Sifra Thazr., Nega'im, Parah 5, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 13 מה פ׳ כברייתו; and frequently (interch. with next word). ↗ original
פִּשְׁתָּן feminine same. Kilayim 9, 1. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 31ᵈ מה פ׳ כברייתה, see the preceding the same place (ibid.) פ׳ של ים (Maimonides to Kilayim 9, 1 פשתים) seaflax (tangle). Kelim 16, 6 עושי פ׳ workers in flax. Sifra Thazr., Nega'im, Parah 5, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 13 אונים של פ׳, see אוּנִין. the same place (ibid.) Chaldaic (Aramaic) 15, אניצי פ׳, see אָנִיץ. Bereshith Rabbah section 32; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 16 פשתני זה כשפִּשְׁתָּנוֹ קשה וכ׳ when his flax is hard, the flax-worker does not beat it too much וכשפשתנו יפה וכ׳ but when his flax is good, the more he beats it, the better it grows; so the Lord tries not the wicked etc.; and frequently ↗ original
פִּשְׁתָּנִי (the preceding) flax-worker, dealer in flax. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 13, 13ᶜ. Bereshith Rabbah section 32, and elsewhere, see the preceding↗ original
פתtwo. Sanhedrin 4ᵇ פת באפריקי שתים pth in Afriḳi means two; Menachoth 34ᵇ; Zevachim 37ᵇ ↗ original
פַּת common gender (Biblical Hebrew; a piece of bread, in gen. bread, food, sustenance. Bava Metzia 107ᵇ פת שחרית breakfast. the same place (ibid.) (referring to Exodus 23, 25) זו פת במלח וכ׳ that is the morning bread with salt and a ladleful of water. Avodah Zarah 2, 6 והפת והשמן שלהן their (the gentiles’) bread and oil; the same place (ibid.) 36ᵃ פִּיתָּן ושמנן. Yoma 74ᵇ, see סַל. Horayoth 13ᵇ פת שלא בשל וכ׳ bread not sufficiently cooked (baked). the same place (ibid.) פת פחמין bread baked on coals. Bereshith Rabbah section 67 פִּיתְּךָ אפויה, see אָפָה; and frequently—[פת כומרין, see פַּתְכּוּמְרִין.]—plural פִּתִּים, פִּתִּין, פִּי׳pieces. Menachoth 3, 2 או שפתתן פ׳ מרובות or if he broke them in too many (small) pieces; the same place (ibid.) 18ᵇ מאי פ׳ מרובות שריבה בפתיתין ‘many pieces’ means that he parted the pieces repeatedly; Sifra Vayikra, N’dab., Parah 10, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 12 (referring to Leviticus 2, 6) אותה לפ׳ ואין פִּתֶּיהָ לפ׳ thou shalt part it in pieces, but not its pieces again in pieces; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 450, see פָּתִית. ↗ original
פִּתְאוֹם adverb (Biblical Hebrew; unawares, suddenly. Niddah 16ᵇ הנכנס לבית חבירו פ׳ who enters his neighbor’s house without notice. the same place (ibid.) ארבעה … והנכנס לביתו פ׳ וכ׳ four the Lord hates, and I do not love: him who enters his own house suddenly (after a long absence), not to speak of him who enters his neighbor’s house etc.; Vayikra Rabbah section 21; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 382; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Aḥăré, p. 177ᵃ. the same place (ibid.); Vayikra Rabbah the passage cited אל תכנס לעיר פ׳ do not enter a city (in official capacity) without notice. Bamidbar Rabbah section 10 (referring to בפתע פתאם, Numbers 6, 9) בפ׳ זה שוגג … פ׳ זה אונסb’fethʿa means unintentionally, as in Numbers 35, 22, pithom means an unavoidable accident; דבר אחר פ׳ זה מזיד וכ׳ another explanation: pithom means in heat (being carried away by passion, as פתאים (Proverbs 22, 3). Bamidbar Rabbah section 16 אני משלח להם מלאכי פ׳ I will send them my messenger suddenly (by surprise); and elsewhere ↗ original
פִּתְגָּםdecree; word; affair, event (= Hebrew דָּבָר). Targum Numbers 21, 24, and frequently (כפ׳) לפ׳ דחרב according to the law of war (Hebrew text לפי).—Targum Isaiah 8, 10. the same place (ibid.) 9, 7. Targum Deuteronomy 24, 1 עֲבֵרַת פ׳ (Hebrew text ערות דבר). Targum Genesis 20, 10; and frequently—plural פִּתְגָּמִין, פִּתְגָּמַיָּא. Targum Onkelos Exodus 34, 27; and frequently ↗ original
פְּתוּאֵל (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Pethuel, father of the prophet Joel. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 80; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּתוּגְתָּא (פתג) P’thugta (Division, compare פְּלוּגְתָּא 2), a place in Galilee. Vayikra Rabbah section 5 מפ׳ שהיה יינם מפׄתׄה את הגׄוף וכ׳ they got their wine from P., for their wine opened the body to lust, see פָּתָה; Bamidbar Rabbah section 10 פַּתְגִּיתָא (some edition פַּתְגּוּ׳); Yalkut Shimoni Amos 545. ↗ original
פָּתוּחַ (פָּתַח) opening, open top. Sifré Numbers 126 (referring to פתוח, Numbers 19, 15) כלי … דרך פְּתוּחוֹ a vessel that receives uncleanness through its open top; the same place (ibid.) על פתוחו אמרתי וכ׳ I speak (the text speaks) only of the open top (inside), but not of the entire vessel; (Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 762 פִּתְחוֹ).—[the same place (ibid.) פ׳ זה העורף, read: פָּתִיל.] ↗ original
פָּתוֹר (פתר to extend, compare Assyr. paššaru dish, see Fränkel, Lexicogr. p. 53) table. Targum Exodus 25, 23; and frequently—Targum Proverbs 9, 2 פתורת׳.—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 23, 16 פָּתוֹר (edition Vienna edition פְּ׳) money-changer’s table.—Shabbath 36ᵃ פתורה פתורתא פתורתא פתורה what formerly was called pathora (a small table, plate) is now called pathorta, and vice versa. Taanith 25ᵃ פ׳ דדהבא (Munich manuscript תכא) a golden table. Shabbath 129ᵃ, see יוֹנָס; and frequently—Bava Kamma 19ᵇ bottom of the page בבהמה ופ׳ it means a domestic animal eating from the table, see פְּתִיתָה.—plural פָּתוֹרִין, פָּתוֹרַיָּא. Targum Isaiah 21, 5. Targum Ezekiel 40, 43; and elsewhere—Niddah 20ᵃ הא בפָתוֹרֵי (some edition sing.) ‘dark clothes coming from abroad’ refers to those worn at the table (vestes cenatoriae or synthesis), see אוֹלָרִין. ↗ original
פָּתוֹר ² (פְּתַר) interpreter. Koheleth Rabbah to 10, 10 פ׳ חילמיא interpreter of dreams. ↗ original
פָּתַח (Biblical Hebrew) to open, begin. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 6, end, 10ᵈ על כל … שהיה פוֹתֵהַ וכ׳ over each cask as he opened it he said the benediction etc. Shabbath 104ᵃ, and elsewhere פּוֹתְחִין לו (variant reading פְּתָחִין), see טָמֵא I. the same place (ibid.) 48ᵃ מתירין … אבל לא פותחין you may untie the neck-hole of a shirt, but not cut it open (on the Sabbath). Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, 64ᵇ top (referring to Isaiah 45, 8) כנקבה … פוֹתַחַת וכ׳ like the female that opens for the male. Nedarim 3, 4 לא יִפְתַּח לו בנדר he must not begin (offer his willingness) to make a vow (in order to escape robbery etc., see נָדַר); and very frequently—participle passive פָּתוּחַ; פְּתוּחָה; plural פְּתוּחִים, פְּתוּחִין; פְּתוּחוֹת. Yevamoth 71ᵇ, and elsewhere נסתם הפ׳, see סָתַם. Sanhedrin 94ᵃ, see סָתַם (see מנצפ"ך). Megillah 3ᵃ, פ׳ באמצע, see סָתַם. Eruvin 4, 6 שלש חצירות הפ׳ זו לזו ופ׳ וכ׳ three courts opening into (communicating with) one another and into the publicroad; and very frequently—פתח פתוח, see פֶּתַח.—Esp. (פרשה) פְּתוּחָהa paragraph in the Torah beginning with a new, indented line, opposite סתומה. Treatise Sof’rim 1, 14 איזהו פ׳ כל שלא וכ׳ what is an open paragraph? Such as does not begin at the beginning of a line, וכמה … ותהא נקראת פ׳ and how much space must one leave … for a paragraph to be called open?; and frequently—Transferred [to open the door to,] to introduce (into learning). Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 83ᵇ top איזהו רבו כל שפ׳ לו תחלה who is called one’s (special) teacher? He who was the first to initiate him; and elsewhere—Esp. to open an opportunity for retracting a vow, to suggest reasons which, if known at the time, would have prevented the person from making the vow, see חֲרָטָה. Nedarim 9, 1 פותחין לאדם בכבוך וכ׳ the judges offer suggestions taken from the respect due to parents (saying, if you had known that this vow cast a reflection on your father etc.). the same place (ibid.) רִפְתְּחוּ לו בכבוד המקום why not suggest to him the reverence due to the Lord (‘if you had known that he who makes a vow is considered an evil-doer etc.’)? the same place (ibid.) 4 פותחין לו מן הכתוב וכ׳ we offer suggestions to him from what is written in the Law, saying to him, if you had known that (in fulfilling that vow) you would transgress the law forbidding revenge etc.; and frequently—Bava Kamma 27ᵃ פ׳ בכד וסיים בחבית the Mishnah begins with kad and closes with ḥabith! Berachoth 10ᵃ פ׳ בה באשרי וכ׳, see סוּם I Hebrew Bereshith Rabbah section 84 אתה פָתַחְתָּ תחלה בהצלת וכ׳ thou wast the first man to speak of saving life; אתה פתחת בתשובה וכ׳ thou wast the first to do repentance, … one of thy descendants shall rise and be the first (prophet) to call for repentance; and frequently—Esp. to open a lecture with a (Biblical) text. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Aḥăré, p. 170ᵃ ר׳ לוי פ׳ וכ׳ R. Levi took up the text (Psalms 75, 5) etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 1; and very frequently—Pesikta Rabbati section 33 [an editorial gloss] פ׳ בכל אלו הפרשיות the author takes his texts from all those (quoted) passages. to explain, speak plainly. Shekalim 5, 1; Menachoth 65ᵃ (referring to פתחיה as identical with מרדכי) he was named Pethahia, שהיה פותח דברים ודורשן וכ׳ (not בדברים) because he explained words and interpreted them (etymologically) and knew seventy languages.—participle passive as ab. Sifré Aḥăré, beginning, see סָתַם. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְתַּחto be opened. Yevamoth 71ᵇ, and elsewhere, see סָתַם. Rosh Hashanah 16ᵇ שלשה … נִפְתָּחִין בר"ה three books are opened (for recording) on the New Year’s Day. Bava Bathra 125ᵇ, see סוּם I, Nithpa'el Pesikta Rabbati the passage cited להִיפָּתֵחַ to have one’s bowels opened, see פְּסִיעָה; and frequently—the same place (ibid.) [editorial gloss] ונ׳ עוד שם בפרשת וכ׳ and furthermore this section (Isaiah 61, 1) was used as the opening text; and frequently—Esp. to have one’s eyes opened, to become seeing. Pesikta Rabbati section 42 כשילדה שדה כל סומא … נ׳ when Sarah gave birth, every blind person in the world was restored to sight; and elsewhere Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּיתֵּחַto open. the same place (ibid.) פי׳ הפילקיות he opened the prisons. Parah 3, 8 ועושין … ומְפַתְּחִין בה חלונות they piled wood in the shape of a tower and opened windows in it. Zevachim 88ᵇ רימונים שלא פִיתְּחוּ פיהן (Manuscript Karlsruhe a. R. 2 נִפְתְּחוּ; Manuscript Rome 1 נִתְפַּתְּחוּ, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 5) pomegranates which have not yet burst open; and elsewhere to engrave. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, 43ᵇ bot פי׳ בה פיתוחים if he cut designs into it. to dig, break ground. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 28; Bereshith Rabbah section 76 כשיצמד … יְפַתְּחוּ וישדדו וכ׳ when an ox and a cow are harnessed together, they will break and harrow all valleys. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְפַּתֵּחַ,Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְפַּתֵּחַto be opened, see above. Pesikta Rabbati section 31 נִתְפַּתְּחוּ בדם they (their cavities) were opened with (discharged) blood; and elsewhere to be cut into, graven. Tosefta Sotah 15, 1; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 9, 24ᵇ וכיון … היו מִתְפַּתְּחוֹת לפניו וכ׳ and when they let it (the Shamir, see שָׁמִיר) look at the stones, they were engraven before it like the (wax-covered) tablets etc.—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 7, beginning 30ᵈ מתפתחת Rabbenu Shimshon to Kilayim 8, 1, see פִּתְפֵּת.] ↗ original
פְּתַח Targum Deuteronomy 15, 11. Targum Isaiah 14, 17; and frequently—participle pass. פְּתִיחַ; feminine פְּתִיחָא; plural פְּתִיחִין, פְּתִיחַיָּא; פְּתִיחָןa) open. Targum Numbers 19, 15. Targum Joshua 8, 17; and frequently—b) seeing, see פְּתִיהַ.—Taanith 24ᵃ אתיא למִיפְתַּח … ולא מִיפְּתַח וכ׳ she came to open the door …, but it could not be opened on account of the wheat pressing against it. Gittin 69ᵇ לִיפְתַּה הביתא וכ׳ let him open a keg of wine etc. Bava Kamma 112ᵇ כגון דפָתְחוּ ליה בדיניה וכ׳ when they (the court) have opened his case (written a warrant, see פְּתִיחָא 2) and sent for him. Nedarim 28ᵃ מיפתח הוא דלא יפתח וכ׳ he dare not offer to make oath (in order to escape robbery etc.), but make a vow, he may. Bamidbar Rabbah section 9 תרעא דלא פתיח וכ׳, see אָסֵי; and frequently—Nedarim 22ᵃ אע"ג דפ׳ … אנן לא פַתְחִינָן וכ׳ although R. Yerushalmi (prefix) offered such a suggestion for retracting a vow, we must not do so; ולא פתחינן בהדא וכ׳ nor do we offer that other suggestion etc.; and elsewhere Af'el הִפְעִיל אַפְתַּחsame. Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 רבתי, beginning א׳ ליה ביתיה וכ׳ he opened his house to him, and he entered. Pa'el פִּעֵל פַּתַּחsame. Targum Isaiah 45, 1. the same place (ibid.) 42, 7.—participle pass. מְפַתַּחopen-eyed, able to see. Vayikra Rabbah section 22 חד סמי וחד מפ׳ (Koheleth Rabbah to 5, 8 פתיח) one was blind, and the other could see. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְפַּתַּח,Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְפְּתַח, אִיפְּ׳to be opened; to be released. Targum Onkelos Genesis 3, 5; 7. Targum Job 12, 14; and frequently—Gittin 69ᵃ bottom of the page לאִיפַּתּוּחֵי וכ׳ (Rashi לפתיחי, read: לפַתּוּחֵיPa'el) that the boil may open, let somebody blow etc. the same place (ibid.)ᵇ, see צְפִירְתָּא; Pesachim 42ᵇ; and elsewhere—Esp. to be restored to sight. Vayikra Rabbah the passage cited דין דהוה סמי א׳ וכ׳ he who was blind recovered sight etc., see סְמֵי; Koheleth Rabbah the passage cited the same place (ibid.) אִיתְפַּתְּחַת the she-ass recovered etc.; and elsewhere ↗ original
פַּתָּח (פָּתַח Pi'elengraver. plural פַּתָּחִים. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 4, 48ᵃ top פַּתָּחֵי אבנים (Munich manuscript מְפַתְּחֵי) stone engravers. ↗ original
פֶּתַחopening, door, gate. Kethuboth 4, 3 (referring to Deuteronomy 22, 21) אין לה לא פ׳ בית האב וכ׳ if she (the faithless betrothed) has no paternal house door. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 9ᶜ top ניכר הוא … על פִּיתְחָהּ של תירה it can be seen that this man has never passed the gate of the Law (never studied). Koheleth Rabbah to 3, 11 זה הפ׳ פתוח עד התהום this gate (verse used as introductory text, see פָּתַח) opens to the deep, i.e. leads to deep reflection. Bereshith Rabbah section 85 (referring to פתח עינים, Genesis 38, 14) תלה עיניה בפ׳ שכל העינים וכ׳ she lifted up her eyes to the gate to which all eyes are directed (she prayed to the Lord). Bereshith Rabbah section 38 פתח … פ׳ של תשובה the Lord opened to them the gate of repentance; and frequently—Euphem. פ׳ פָּתוּחַabsence of virginity Kethuboth 9ᵇ טענת פ׳ פ׳, contradistinguished to טענת דמים, see דָּם. the same place (ibid.) 9ᵃ ופ׳ פ׳ כשני עדים דמי and the husband’s statement that lie found ‘the gate open’ is like a statement of two witnesses (to make her forbidden to him as a faithless betrothed); and frequently—Transferred a) an opening for retracting a vow, a suggestion, see פָּתַח. Bereshith Rabbah section 91 למאה … מצא להם פ׳ for one hundred and fifty Nazarites he found causes for absolution; and frequently—b) the starting time of menstruation. Arachin 2, 1 אין פ׳ בטועה וכ׳ for a woman that has lost the account of a prolonged flux, there is no new starting point within either less than seven or more than seventeen days. the same place (ibid.) 8ᵃ פִּתְחָהּ שבעה עשר her sure starting point is after seventeen days; and frequently—plural פְּתָחִים, פְּתָחִין. Bava Bathra 9, 1 ישאלו על הפ׳ let them go begging at the doors; Kethuboth 13, 3 יחזרו על הפ׳. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 5, 2 פתחו לי פתח … ואני פותח לכם פ׳ וכ׳ make for me one opening for return as wide as the point of a needle, and I shall open for you gates through which wagons and coaches can pass; and frequently—Avoth 3, 18 פִּתְחֵי נדה the calculations concerning starting points of menstruants (see above). ↗ original
פִּתְחָא Targum Ezekiel 40, 38. Targum I Chronicles 17, 25 פ׳ דפומא opening of the mouth, courage to speak; and frequently—Sanhedrin 110ᵃ (referring to Numbers 16, 30) לקרובי פ׳ the creation consisted only in bringing the gate (of Gehenna) nearer.—Megillah 10ᵇ, and the following, פתח לה פ׳ להאי וכ׳ took his opening text for this (Purim) lesson from here. Shemoth Rabbah section 1 פתחין פ׳ להאי קרא took as text the following verse; and frequently—Nedarim 22ᵇ פתח פ׳ לנפשיה offered himself a reason for absolution from his vow. ↗ original
פִּתְחוֹן construct state (Biblical Hebrew; פ׳ פֶּה opening of the mouth, point of attack, fault-finding; excuse for wrong-doing. Sifra Vayikra, N’dab., Chaldaic (Aramaic) 2, Parah 2 שלא ליתן פ׳ פה למינין לרדות in order not to give heretics (believers in plurality) occasion for rebellion. Bereshith Rabbah section 8 בכל מקום שאתה מוצא פ׳ פה וכ׳ wherever (in the Scriptural text) there is an opportunity for heretics (to find pluralistic allusions), you will find the refutation next to it. the same place (ibid.) (referring to נעשה, Genesis 1, 26) Moses said, Lord of the world, מפני מה אתה נותן פ׳ פה למינים why wilt thou furnish a point of attack to heretics? Vayikra Rabbah section 20; and frequently ↗ original
פְּתַחְיָה (Biblical Hebrew) Pethahia, name of a priest (and a priestly family) during the days of the Second Temple. Shekalim 5, 1 פ׳ על הקינין P. had the supervision of the sacrificial birds. the same place (ibid.) פ׳ זה מרדכי P. is the same as Mordecai, see פָּתַח; Menachoth 65ᵃ ↗ original
פתי [to be open, wide,] to be accessible to influences, be compliant. Shemoth Rabbah section 21 (referring to Hosea 7, 11) אצלי הם כיונה פוֹתָה וכ׳ towards me they are like a tame dove, whatever I decree over them, they do and obey, but towards the nations of the world they are intractable like wild beasts. to open; in a transferred sense to influence, persuade, entice. Sanhedrin 38ᵃ (play on מי פתי Proverbs 9, 16) מי פְּתָאוֹ לזה וכ׳ who persuaded this man (Adam)? A woman spoke to him; (different interpretation or differently interpreted in Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 943).—[Bamidbar Rabbah section 7 ופותין, read: ופוֹתְתִין, see פָּתַת.] Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּיתָּה [to open the heart of,] to persuade; (in a good sense) to win, conquer. Vayikra Rabbah section 29 (referring to Psalms 89, 16) שהם מכירין לפַתּוֹת וכ׳ they know how to win the favor of their Creator etc.; (Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 81 לרצות); Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 840; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Baḥod., p. 152ᵃ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 3, 64ᶜ top מְפַתִּים אותו … וכופין וכ׳ they (the court) persuade him to give her a letter of divorce, but they force him to etc.; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 71 פיתיתי, see below. to gratify; to mislead by gratifying; to deceive. Vayikra Rabbah section 6, beginning (referring to יהפתית, Proverbs 24, 28) מאחר שפִּתִּיתֶם אותו בסיני וכ׳ after you gratified him at Sinai, saying (Exodus 24, 7) etc. the same place (ibid.) מאחר שפִּתִּיתָ בשפתיך וכ׳ after thou hast gratified with thy lips (promised to appear as witness) and caused him to go to law; and elsewhere—Devarim Rabbah section 7 (play on ובמׄופׄתׄים, Deuteronomy 4, 34) היו המכות מְ֗פַ֗תּ֗וֹת אותם וכ׳ the plagues (by coming at intervals) deceived them (made the Egyptians believe every time that they were relieved forever); Midrash Till, to Psalms 78, 43 מפיתית בהן edition Buber edition (other edition שפותות בהן; correct accordingly). to entice. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 28ᵈ the strong Moabite wine שהוא מְפַתֶּה הגנף לזנות which opens the body to lust; Bamidbar Rabbah section 10, and elsewhere, see פְּתוּגְתָּא; and frequently—Esp. to seduce. Kethuboth 3, 9 (41ᵃ) האומר פִּיתֵּיתִי את וכ׳ if one declares, I have seduced that man’s daughter. the same place (ibid.) 4 המְפַתֶּה נותן the seducer pays three fines, opposite to אונס; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 3, 27ᵇ שהפיתתו, read: שהיא פִיתְּתוֹ when she seduced him. Pu. פֻּעַל פּוּתָּהto be persuaded; to be seduced. Bereshith Rabbah section 71; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 127 פּוּתֵּיתִי (not פית׳), see יָסַת.—participle feminine מְפוּתָּהa seduced woman. Kethuboth 39ᵇ; and frequently Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְפַּתֶּה,Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְפַּתֶּהto be widened. Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 302 אף היא מִתְפַּתָּה … ומרחבת וכ׳ it (Gehenna), too, grows every day wider and broader and deeper (with referring to תפתה, Isaiah 30, 33). to be persuaded; to be enticed. Bereshith Rabbah section 17 מפני מה האיש נוח להִתְפַּתּוֹת וכ׳ why is man easily appeased and woman is not?; see פִּיּוּס.—Bamidbar Rabbah the passage cited ע"י היין נִתְפַּתּוּ וזנו through wine they were enticed and they committed whoredom. Eruvin 19ᵃ (play on תפתה, see above) כל המִתְפַּתֶּה ביצרו יפול שם whosoever is carried away by his evil desire falls into it (Gehenna). Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah the passage cited—Kethuboth 4, 1 נערה שנִתְפַּתְּתָה וכ׳ if a young girl has been seduced (see נַעֲרָה); and frequently to insinuate one’s self, to make one’s self popular. Esther Rabbah introduction (play on אפׄתׄם, Ezra 4, 13) אפי׳ דברים שהמלכות מִתְפַּתָּה בהם וכ׳ even with those things by which the (Roman) government makes itself popular, as theatres and circuses, it does harm. ↗ original
פְּתֵי 1 , to be wide, open. Targum Isaiah 60, 5 (Hebrew text רחב).—participle (פָּאתֵי) פָּתֵי; feminine פַּתְיָא; plural פַּתְיָן, פַּתְיָין. Targum Psalms 104, 25 פְּתֵי construct state (some edition פָּא׳; edition Lagarde edition פתאי, correct accordingly). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 34, 21 פַּתְיית construct state Targum Jeremiah 51, 58. Targum Psalms 119, 96. the same place (ibid.) 25, 17; and elsewhere Af'el הִפְעִיל אַפְתֵּיto widen. Targum Onkelos Genesis 9, 27 יַפְתֵּי (some edition יַפְתְּ). Targum Exodus 34, 24. Targum Deuteronomy 12, 20; and frequently Pa'el פִּעֵל פַּתֵּיto persuade, seduce. Targum Proverbs 7, 21 תְּפַתֵּיה (some edition תְּפאתְיֵה). ↗ original
פְּתֵי 2 construct state (the preceding) widening, פ׳ ירכא (compare patella) knee-pan. Targum Genesis 32, 26 (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 כף); the same place (ibid.) 33. width, distance. Chullin 139ᵇ שיתסר דרי בפ׳ מילא sixteen rows, each extending over one mile. פ׳ רמשא, see אַפְתָּא 2↗ original
פֶּתִיone easily persuaded, credulous; inexperienced, simple; fool. Midrash Proverbs to 1, 4 אמר שלמה פ׳ הייתי וכ׳ Solomon says, I was simple, and the Lord has etc. Shemoth Rabbah section 3 beginning (referring to Proverbs 14, 15) מהו פ׳ נער שכן וכ׳pethi means (here) a lad, for in Arabia they call a lad pathia (see next word); אין פ׳ אלא לשון פִּתּוּיpethi has the meaning of being enticed (with referring to Exodus 22, 15). Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 7, 8 מכתש של פ׳ (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) פתין, read: פְּתָיִיןplural) the fool’s mortar (see Proverbs 27, 22,) an implement of torture (see הֲמוֹר).—pluralפְּתָאִים, פְּתָאִין, פְּתָיִין, see above. ↗ original
פַּתְיָא 1 , inexperienced, child, lad. Shemoth Rabbah section 3, see the preceding; Bereshith Rabbah section 87, beginning (referring to פתאים, Proverbs 7, 7) אלו השבטים … למינוקא פ׳ (some edition פַּתְיָה) p’thaim means the tribes (sons of Jacob) … in Arabia they call a child pathia; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 145; Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 940; Sanhedrin 110ᵇ (referring to פתאים, Psalms 116, 6). ↗ original
פַּתְיָא 2 common gender participle feminine of פְּתֵי. a wide earthen vessel, pot. Gittin 69ᵇ פ׳ דמוניני (masc.) a pot containing fish-brine. Avodah Zarah 16ᵇ; Berachoth 50ᵃ; Pesachim 88ᵃ; Megillah 14ᵇ פ׳ אוּכְמָא thou black pot! (i.e. scholar with an unattractive appearance; compare Taanith 7ᵃ, quoted under the word פָּאַר).—plural פַּתְוָותָא. Avodah Zarah 33ᵇ פ׳ דבי מיכסי (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) פַּתְיָאתָא, other edition פתיותא, read: פַּתְיָי׳) pots of Be Mikhsé. open place, street. Bava Bathra 8ᵃ, see כַּרְיָא I; (Rashi refers to פ׳ 2 drinking vessel at the well). enlargement. Targum Psalms 118, 5, see פּוּתְיָא. ↗ original
פַּתְיוּתָא (the preceding words) width, room; פַּתְיוּת ידין ample space. Targum Onkelos Genesis 34, 21 (edition Vienna edition פְּתָיוּת; Yerushalmi (prefix) פַּתְיַית תחומין, see פְּתֵי I). Targum Judges 18, 10; and elsewhere = פְּתָאָהopen space, street. Targum Psalms 119, 45 פַּתְיוּת אורייתא (edition Vilna edition פְּתִיוֹת, correct accordingly) the highway of the Law (Hebrew text רְחָבָה). Targum 2 Chronicles 32, 6 (edition Lagarde edition פתאה). the same place (ibid.) 29, 4 פַּתְאוּת (edition Lagarde edition פְּתָאַת, construct state of פְּתָאָה).—[Avodah Zarah 33ᵇ פתיותא, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see פּתְיָא 2.] ↗ original
פָּתִיחַ (פָּתַח) ploughed land, furrow. Tosefta Peah 1, 8 שלשה תלמים של פ׳ three ridges of a furrowed field; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, beginning 16ᵈ; the same place (ibid.) 3, 17ᶜ top; Kilayim 2, 6; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 13 שלשה טפחים של פ׳ (probably to be read: תלמים). the same place (ibid.) שלשה תלמים של פ׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 28ᵃ top of the page ↗ original
פְּתִיחַ (participle passive of פְּתַח) open-eyed, seeing. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 4, 11.—Vayikra Rabbah section 22, and elsewhere והיה ההוא פ׳ וכ׳ and the seeing man led the blind man; דין דהוה פ׳ וכ׳ he that was seeing became blind, see פְּתַח. Gittin 69ᵃ; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּתִיחָא 2 (פְּתַח) [opening,] preliminary legal proceeding, especially summons to appear before, or to obey the decision of the court under penalty of excommunication; warrant. Rosh Hashanah 31ᵇ כתב פ׳ עילווה (Munich manuscript 2 פיתקא) he wrote a warrant out against her. Bava Kamma 112ᵇ נטרינן ליה … פתיחה עילויה וכ׳ we wait for him a Monday and a Thursday and another Monday; if he does not appear, we write a warrant against him, giving him ninety days etc. the same place (ibid.) והני מילי לשמתא אבל לפ׳ וכ׳ this is the case with reference to decreeing excommunication, but for writing a warrant (at the defendant’s expense) it is not so (the court messenger’s statement is not so valid as the testimony of two). the same place (ibid.) 113ᵃ האי מאן דכתיב עליה פ׳ (Munich manuscript דנקיט) if a warrant has been issued against a person; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּתִיחָה (פָּתַח) opening. Bava Kamma 49ᵇ (referring to Exodus 21, 33) אם על פ׳ חייב על כרייה וכ׳ if he is responsible for opening a pit, how much more is he so for digging! the same place (ibid.) על עסקי פ׳ וכ׳ for the act of opening etc. (the pit itself being on private ground). the same place (ibid.) 50ᵃ. Pesachim 54ᵃ פְּתִיחַת פי האתון the opening of the mouth of (Balaam’s) ass; פ׳ פי הארץ the opening of the mouth of the earth (to swallow Korah). Shabbath 129ᵃ, see קֶבֶר. Bereshith Rabbah section 13 בזו פ׳ ובזו פ׳ with reference to the one (sustenance) opening (the stem פתח) is used (Deuteronomy 28, 12) , and with reference to the other (resurrection) opening is used (Ezekiel 37, 1; and frequently— פְּתִיחַת נדר (see פָּתַח) offering reasons for regretting a vow. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 8, end, 41ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 7, 52ᵃ top; and elsewhere introduction to a lecture, text. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 2 רבנן עבדין יתהון פ׳ לויהי וכ׳ the Rabbis used them (the verses Song of Songs 1, 2 and the following) as a text for a lecture on Vayhi etc. (Numbers 7). ↗ original
פָּתִילtwisted thread, border, edge. Bereshith Rabbah section 85 (referring to ופתילך, Genesis 38, 18) זו סנהדרין שהן מצויינין בפ׳ this refers to the Sanhedrin that is distinguished by the (blue) cord (see טַלִּית). Sifré Numbers 115 (referring to Numbers 15, 38) על מקום הארוג ולא על מקום פ׳ the show-fringe must be attached to the woven part of the garment, not to where the edge begins. Menachoth 39ᵇ פ׳ בעינן the cord must be twisted, opposite גדיל plaited; and elsewhere the twisted rim of an earthen vessel; צמיד פ׳ closely covered with a lid. Sifré Numbers 126 (referring to Numbers 19, 15) פ׳ זה העורף צמיד זה הדופק (not העודף) pathil is the neck of the vessel, tsamid the lid; Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 762 פתוח זה העורף וכ׳ (correct accordingly). the same place (ibid.) מצילין (ב)צ׳ פ׳ וכ׳ they keep uncleanness off when closely covered, though lying in a tent where there is a corpse. Bereshith Rabbah section 39 צלוחית … מוקפת צ׳ פ׳ a bottle closed with an air-tight lid. Chullin 25ᵃ; and frequently—Tosefta Kelim Bava Kamma 7, 7 מפני שהוא פ׳ ולא צמיד because a tin rim is twisted, but not close. ↗ original
פְּתִילָה (preceding article) twisted cord, wick. Shabbath 2, 1 פְּתִילַת האידן a bast wick; פ׳ המדבר the wick of the desert, see שִׁבְרָא. the same place (ibid.) פ׳ הבגד the wick made of rags of a garment. the same place (ibid.) 5 חוץ מן הפ׳ except when he has the intention of saving the wick; and frequently—plural פְּתִילוֹת. the same place (ibid.) 20ᵇ עד כאן פסול פ׳ so far the Mishnah refers to wicks unfit for use on the Sabbath. the same place (ibid.) 21ᵇ; and frequently—Gittin 58ᵃ שתי פ׳ בנר אחד two wicks in one lamp (euphem. for adultery). string; bar. Sanhedrin 7, 2 ומדליק את הפ׳ וכ׳ and (the executioner) lights (heats) the string and throws it into his mouth; explained the same place (ibid.) 52ᵃ פ׳ של אבר, see אֲבָר; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 7, 24ᵇ bottom of the page פ׳ של בעץ a bar of plumbum album; (other opinion) פ׳ של נפט a wick dipped in naphtha. Yevamoth 6ᵇ בישול פ׳ boiling (melting) a bar of lead; Shabbath 106ᵃ. Nedarim 49ᵇ שהן דומין לפ׳ של אבר (not לפתילתא) which burn in the stomach like a molten bar of lead. ↗ original
פְּתִילְתָּא , wick; bar. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 2, 4ᵈ top נסב פ׳ used a wick dipped in unclean T’rumah; and elsewhere [Nedarim 49ᵇ, see the preceding]—plural פְּתִילָתָא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath the passage cited אנא צבע פ׳ בי חולא (not מן) I dip wicks in vinegar (of T’rumah). Gittin 69ᵃ וניגדול תרתי פ׳ let him twist two strings; and elsewhere ↗ original
פָּתִין (פָּתָה) the principal or king-beam, common to two adjoining buildings, opposite to ראשים the cross-beams. Nega'im 13, 2 בית הבנוי ראש ופ׳ if a (twin-) house is built with cross-beam and king-beam common to both compartments.—[Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 7, 8 פתין edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.), see פֶּתִי.] ↗ original
פְּתֵירָה proper noun of a male person = בְּתֵירָה. Tosefta Nazir 5, 1 יהודה בן פ׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading ב׳); Tosefta Oholoth 4, 14 פתירוש (Chullin 54ᵃ ב׳; see Friedman Darké, p. 97). Tosefta Sotah 5, 13; 6, 1 בן פטורי (variant reading פטירי). Tosefta Eduy. 3, 2 יהושע בן פ׳; the same place (ibid.) שמעון בן פ׳ (Eduy. 8, 1 and the following ב׳); Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 3, 47ᶜ פתורא. ↗ original
פָּתִית (פָּתַת) broken piece.— plural פְּתִיתִים, פְּתִיתִין. Menachoth 75ᵇ (referring to Leviticus 2, 6) אותה לפ׳ ולא פְתִיתָהּ לפ׳ thou shalt break it in pieces, but not a piece of it again in pieces (see פַּת). the same place (ibid.) 6, 4 (75ᵇ) וכולן פתיתין בכזית Munich manuscript (Babylonian edition פותתן; Mishnah וכולן כזיתים; manuscripts פְּתִיתָן) and all of them must be broken in pieces of the size of an olive; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 6, 10ᵃ bottom of the page Menachoth 18ᵇ תורת פ׳ the duty of breaking in pieces; and elsewhere ↗ original
פְּתִיתָה (the preceding) breaking in pieces. Sifra Vayikra, N’dab., Parah 10, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 12 וכל פ׳ בכזתים, see the preceding Menachoth 6, 4 טעונית פ׳ require to be broken in pieces; אין בהם פ׳ no breaking in pieces is applied to them; Sifra the passage cited; and elsewhere—Bava Kamma 19ᵇ bottom of the page בבהמה ופ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word פת (edition ובפתורא) it means a domestic animal when it ate pieces in a broth.—plural פְּתִיתוֹתthe function of the breaking in pieces of the meal-offering. Menachoth 18ᵇ; Chullin 132ᵇ ↗ original
פָּתַךְto break, distribute; to stir, knead. Bereshith Rabbah section 4, end נטל … ופְתָכָן זה בזה the Lord took fire and water and worked them into each other; (Chagigah 12ᵃ זטרפן). Bereshith Rabbah section 10, beginning, see פְּקַעַת.—participle passiveפָּתוּךְ, plural פְּתוּכִים, פְּתוּכִיןa) worked up, mixed. Bamidbar Rabbah section 12; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 11 (referring to Exodus 9, 24) אש וברד פ׳ זה בזה fire and hail worked into each other; Yalkut Shimoni Job 912.—b) variegated. Nega'im 1, 2 הפ׳ שבשלג וכ׳ the variegation of the snow-white leprosy looks like red wine mixed with snow (before the latter is dissolved); הפ׳ שבסיד וכ׳ the variegation of the lime-white leprosy looks like red wine mixed with milk (before being stirred); Sifra Thazr., Nega'im, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 2, Parah 2. ↗ original
פְּתַךְ Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 18, 6 פְּתוֹכִי (not פְּתוּכֵי; Hebrew text לושי).—participle passive פָּתִיךְ; feminine פְּתִיכָא; plural פְּתִיכִין, פְּתִיכֵי, פְּתִּיכָן. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 29, 23; 40. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 2, 4, and the following Targum Job 25, 2 edition Lagarde edition (edition Vilna edition פָּתְכִין, correct accordingly); and elsewhere—Niddah 7ᵃ פתיכא בהו תרומה T’rumah is kneaded up with them. Pesachim 63ᵃ פתיכי ביה מולין circumcised persons were included in the act of slaughtering. ↗ original
פַּתָּכָא (the preceding) mixture. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 2, 7. bundle. Chullin 105ᵃ, see אוּפֵי; Bava Metzia 30ᵇ ↗ original
פְּתַכְרָא (also plural form פְּתַכְרי) (denominative of פתכא, see פַּתְכּוּמְרִין) [painted thing,] a contemptuous expression for idol. Targum Amos 5, 26 פְּתַכְרֵיכוֹן edition Lagarde edition (edition פת כומריכון; Hebrew text מלככם). Targum Zephaniah, Book of 1, 5 פְּתַכְרֵיהוֹן edition Lagarde edition (some edition פת כומריהון; Hebrew text מלכם). Targum Isaiah 8, 21 פְּתַכְרֵיה (Hebrew text מלכו).—[For another derivation of our word, see Fleisher, appendix to Levys Targumic or Talmudic Lexicon to Levy Targum Dictionary 2, 5742.] ↗ original
פָּתַלto twist. Menachoth 39ᵇ עשה גדיל ופוֹתְלֵיהוּ מתוכו make a fringe and twist a part of it; Yevamoth 5ᵇ ופָתְלֵהוּ. Tanchuma Sh’laḥ 15 (explained פתיל, Numbers 15, 38) והוא צריך לפָתְלָן and one must twist them. Bereshith Rabbah section 94 (play on נפתלי) [read:] שהיו מְפוּתָּלִים ד"א שהיו פותלין על ע"ב ניר they (the sons of Naphtali) were perverted; another explanation, they twisted (wove curtains) on seventy two leashes, see נִיר 4. Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּיתֵּלsame, in a transferred sense to pervert. [Sifré Deuteronomy 308 מפתלו, read with Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 942 מפסלו, see פָּסַל.]—participle passive מְפוּתָּל; plural מְפוּתָּלִים, מְפוּתָּלִין. Bereshith Rabbah the passage cited (some edition מוּפְתָּלִיםHof.), see above. ↗ original
פְּתַל ; Pa'el פַּתֵּיל to pervert. participle passive מְפַתַּל; plural מְפַתְּלִין. Targum Proverbs 2, 15 (edition Vilna edition מִפַּ׳Ithpaal; Hebrew text נלוזים). ↗ original
פְּתַלְתּוֹל ; reduplic. of פתל) perverse; perverter.— plural פְּתַלְתּוֹלִים. Sifré Deuteronomy 308 (referring to Deuteronomy 32, 5) עוקמנים אתם פ׳ אתם you are tricksters, you are perverters; (Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 942 פתלנים, see פַּתְלָן). ↗ original
פֶּתֶן , to wind) asp, adder. Bamidbar Rabbah section 19 אפי׳ נְשׁוּךְ פ׳ ועקרב וכ׳ even he who was bitten by an asp or a scorpion, etc. (was cured when looking at the brazen serpent); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 764; Tanchuma Chukkath 19 נשוך מפ׳ וכ׳. Sifré Deuteronomy 323 (referring to Deuteronomy 32, 33) [read:] אלו הראשונים שבכם שהם כפ׳ הזה אכזרי that means the foremost among you who are like the asp, the cruel; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 946; and elsewhere—plural פְּתָנִים. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 14 מרורת פ׳ ומות וכ׳ the venom of asps and death are in its (the serpent’s) mouth; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 27. ↗ original
פֶּתֶן ² Targum Isaiah 11, 8 חוי פתן (edition Vilna edition פָּתָן) a winding serpent (Hebrew text פתן). Targum Onkelos Genesis 49, 17 (Hebrew text שפיפן); and elsewhere—plural פִּתְנִין, פִּי׳. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 32, 33 edition Berlin edition (other edition פִּתְנֵי, פַּתְנֵי, פֵּתָנֵי; Yerushalmi (prefix) I פִּיתוּנַיָּא; see פתמנאי). ↗ original
פֶּתַע (Biblical Hebrew) coming unawares, sudden. Bamidbar Rabbah section 10, see פִּתְאוֹם. ↗ original
פִּתְפּוּת (next word) breaking, smashing.— plural construct state פִּתְפּוּתֵי, פִּי׳, only in פ׳ בצים mashed eggs, a phrase for confusion. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 5 פ׳ ב׳ יש כאן there is a confusion (of names) here; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 11, 30ᵇ bottom of the page ↗ original
פִּתְפֵּת (reduplic. of פָּתַת) to break, smash. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְפַּתְפֵּתto be broken, crumbled. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 7, beginning 30ᵈ הדין רכיכה מִתְפּתְפֵּת הוא the soft rock crumbles (and the seeds above suck from the vine under it; Rabbenu Shimshon to Kilayim 7, 1 מתפתחת). ↗ original
פָּתַקto divide, distribute, especially to dig or open a channel. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 9, 27ᵃ פ׳ אמת המים עליו וכ׳ if he opened a sluice near a person, and the water came and swept him off. Tosefta Shabbath 1, 23 פּוֹתְקִין מים לגינה וכ׳ you may conduct water into a garden on the eve of the Sabbath shortly before dark etc.; Babylonian Sanhedrin 18ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 3ᵈ bottom of the page Tosefta Bava Kamma 2, 6 אילו הפותקין ביביהן וכ׳ those who conduct their gutters … into the public road. Bereshith Rabbah section 16, see מַגְרוֹפִית. Temurah 12ᵃ [read:] ממלא … ופוֹתְקָן למקוה he may draw a quantity of nineteen S’ah of water and let it run through a gutter into the bath. Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 961 כיון שפְּתָקָהּ when he cut its supply off by diverting the channel; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 16 שפוסקה; Bereshith Rabbah section 10 שפסקה; and elsewhere Pi'el פִּעֵל פִּיתֵּקsame. Bereshith Rabbah section 51, end (referring to Deuteronomy 2, 9) אבל אתה מְפַתֵּק הנהרות וכ׳ but you may divert their rivers.—Denom. פִּיתָּק, הֶפְתֵּק. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְתָּקto be cut off, divided; especially to be conducted, diverted. Tosefta Mikvaoth 3, 6 ונִפְתְּקוּ ובאו לחברו edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (other edition ונפסקו) and the water of one pond was diverted and came into the other pond; the same place (ibid.) 5 ונפתקו Rabbenu Shimshon to Mikvaoth 3, 1 (edition ונפסקו). ↗ original
פְּתַק 2to aim, thrust. Targum 2 Chronicles 10, 18. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 49, 8; and frequently—[Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2 the same place (ibid.) 8, 22 פתקין some edition, read פַּסְקִין.]—Sanhedrin 95ᵃ פ׳ בה גירא he shot an arrow at him. the same place (ibid.) פַּתְקֵיה בריש מוחא וכ׳ (not פסקיה) he threw it (the distaff) on the top of her head and killed her. Gittin 68ᵇ פתקיה ארבע וכ׳ he hurled him a distance of four etc.; Avodah Zarah 17ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original
פִּתְקָא , see supply (understood word) פִּיתְק׳. ↗ original
פָּתַר [to divide, spread,] to solve; to interpret. Berachoth 55ᵇ כ"ר פּוֹתְרֵי חלומות וכ׳ twenty-four interpreters of dreams existed in Jerusalem, ומה שפ׳ לי זה לא פ׳ וכ׳ and not two of them interpreted my dream alike. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Parah, p. 33ᵃ פ׳ קרא בפרשת פרה explained the verse (Psalms 12, 7) as referring to the lesson concerning the red cow; Bamidbar Rabbah section 19; and frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נִפְתַּרto be interpreted, solved. Berachoth the passage cited חלום שנ׳ וכ׳ a dream which was interpreted in a dream. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 4, 48ᵇ תִּיפָּתֵר שפודין וכ׳ it may be explained that they redeem unblemished sacrifices, and when afterwards they are blemished, (the money paid for them is secularized). Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 7, 11ᵃ bottom of the page תיפתר כר׳ וכ׳ the difficulty may be solved in agreement with R. Ishmael’s opinion; and frequently ↗ original
פְּתַר 1 Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 40, 12; 18. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 22, 5 בפדן … פָּתֵיר חלמיא in Paddan which is named Pethor after him (Balaam), ‘interpreter of dreams’; Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 23, 5 מן פְּתוֹר חלמיא (correct accordingly).—Tamid 32ᵃ כל … בחד פְּתַרְנָא לך whatever you asked of us, we all explained in the same way. Kethuboth 107ᵇ פַּתְרִיתוּ בה כילי האי have you gone so far in your interpretation? Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, end, 5ᵈ יכיל אנא פָּתֵר וכ׳ (= למִפְתַּר) I can explain this in agreement with the opinion of etc. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Shekalim, p. 10ᵇ ורבנן פַּתְרִין קרא בדואג וכ׳ and the Rabbis explain this verse (Psalms 3, 3) as a reference to Doeg etc.; and frequently Pa'el פִּעֵל פַּתֵּרto mollify, steep (in water etc.). Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 4, end, 9ᵈ הוה מְפַתֵּר וכ׳, see סַרְדּוּתָא. ↗ original
פְּתַר 2 , masculine (the preceding) solution, interpretation. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 2ᵈ bottom of the page, and frequently פ׳ לה וכ׳ there is an explanation for it (you can meet this difficulty by saying), that it refers etc. Tamid 32ᵃ מילתא דא אין לה פ׳ this problem is insolvable. Yevamoth 97ᵇ [read with Aruch (Sefer HeArukh)] נישל לכו סתר פ׳ we shall ask you something too mysterious for solution. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 1, 32ᶜ and the following פתר לה פ׳ חורן offered a different solution for it. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 7, end, 26ᶜ אין לך אלא כהדין פי׳ קדמיא there is nothing left to thee but to agree with the first interpretation. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 5, 53ᵈ bottom of the page כפִתְרֵה דר׳ ירמיה as R. J. has explained it; and frequently—plural פִּתְרִין, פִּתְרַיָּיא, פִּתְרַיָּיה, פִּי׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 4, end, 22ᵃ פתר לה תרין פ׳ offered two explanations. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 4, 18ᵇ top פתר לה כאילין פ׳ he explained it in accordance with those explanations (given above); Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 8, 49ᶜ top פתרייתא (correct accordingly). ↗ original
*פִּתְרָא (compare פָּתוֹרָא I. a. פַּתְיָא 2) a certain kind of wine vessel.—plural פִּתְרַיָּיא, פִּי׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 41ᶜ top באילין פ׳ רברבייא concerning those large vessels (used by gentiles). ↗ original
*פִּתְרוֹן 1 (compare the preceding) plate, tablet, merchant’s dish (in which the various coins are arranged). Tanchuma Ki Thissa, edition Buber edition 1 (explained אגן הסהר, Song of Songs 7, 3, with play on סהר and סחר) פ׳ של פרגמטיא וכ׳ the plate used in business, whatever one needs, comes out of it; [read:] ואין הלשון אגן אלא אשון פ׳ and the word aggan means dish (referring to Exodus 24, 6); Yalkut Shimoni Song of Songs 992 פתרין. ↗ original
פִּתְרוֹן 2interpretation. Berachoth 55ᵇ כל אחד … ופ׳ חלומו וכ׳ each was shown his own dream and the interpretation of the other man’s dream. Bereshith Rabbah section 89; and elsewhere ↗ original
פִּתְרוֹנָא Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 40, 12; 18. the same place (ibid.) ופתרוני דחילמא, read: ופִתְרוֹנֵיה.—Bereshith Rabbah section 89 כאן חלמא ידע ופתרוניה … חלמא ופתרוניה here (in Pharaoh’s case) he knew the dream and wanted its interpretation of him (Joseph), but there (in Belshazzar’s case) he wanted to be told the dream and its interpretation; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 147 ופתרניה (corrupted entire passage accordingly). ↗ original
פתרין , Yalkut Shimoni Song of Songs 992, see פִּתְרוֹן I ↗ original
פַּתְרָן (פתר to spread, relax; see Fleisher, appendix to Levys Targumic or Talmudic Lexicon to Levy Targum Dictionary 2, p. 5742) weak, lean. Targum Psalms 109, 24 (Hebrew text כחש).—plural פַּתְרָנִין. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Numbers 13, 20 (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אפתרין; Hebrew text רזה). ↗ original
פַּתְרָנוּתָא (the preceding) leanness. Targum Psalms 106, 15 (Hebrew text רזון). ↗ original
פַּתְשֶׁגֶן (late Biblical Hebrew; Persian) repetition, copy, abstract. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 17, 18 פתש׳ (edition Berlin edition פַּרְשַׁגַן); Targum Joshua 8, 32 (edition Lagarde edition פר׳; Hebrew text משנה). Targum Psalms 60, 1 פַּרְשְׁגָן (Hebrew text מכתם). Targum 2 Chronicles 24, 27 (Hebrew text מדרש). [Targum Esther 3, 14, and elsewhere translates our word: דיטגמאordinance, see Oppert Rev. des Et. Juives 28, p. 40; see אַנְטִיגְרָפִין.] ↗ original
פַּתְשְׁגַר (the preceding) second in rank(Hebrew . Targum 1, 2 Esther 10, 3. Targum 2 Esther 7, 9. ↗ original
פָּתַת 1 (Biblical Hebrew) to break, crumble. Menachoth 3, 2 … לא פ׳ … או שפְּתָתָן וכ׳ if he omitted to break the meal offering to pieces, … or he broke them (the large pieces) into many small pieces, see פַּת. the same place (ibid.) 6, 4 (75ᵇ) וכולן פּוֹתְתָן Babylonian edition, see פָּתִית. Bamidbar Rabbah section 7 ואוכלין פכסמין ופוֹתְתִין בתוך וכ׳ (not ופותין) and we ate biscuits and broke them into the soup; and frequently ↗ original
*פָּתַת 2 (see פָּתָה) to persuade, seduce.—participle passive feminine פְּתוּתָה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 1, beginning 24ᵈ ספק אנוסה ספק פ׳ there being a doubt whether she was outraged or seduced; [probably to be read: פְּתוּיָה.] ↗ original