ע

עָבַד (Biblical Hebrew) [to work] to serve, work for. Gittin 4, 5 עוֹבֵד את רבו וכ׳ works one day for his master, and one for himself; and frequently Esp. to do priestly service. Chullin 24ᵇ אחיו הכהנים … לַעֲבוֹד וכ׳ his brother priests allow him not to serve, until he is twenty years of age. to prepare; to till the ground; to dress (hides). Bereshith Rabbah section 22 קין עובד אדמה Cain the tiller of the ground. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 41ᵇ bottom of the page גוי עוֹבְדָן; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4 (5), 10 עוֹבְדוֹ, see דָּבַב I; (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 33ᵃ עיבדן). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, 4ᵇ top נתן כלים … ומצאו עובד בו וכ׳ if one gave a gentile garments to wash, and found him working at them on the Sabbath; and frequently—participle passive עָבוּד, plural עֲבוּדִין dressed, see below. (see עֲבוֹדָה) to use especially for idolatrous purposes; to worship. Temurah 6, 1, see below. Avodah Zarah 3, 7 (defining אשרה) כל שעוֹבְדִין אותה a tree which is itself worshipped (not one at which idolatrous rites are performed). the same place (ibid.) הואיל … הן עובדין since they worship merely the image (under the tree). Sanhedrin 7, 6 העובד ע"ז אחד העובד וכ׳ he who worships an idol, whether he goes through the regular forms of that particular worship (see the same place (ibid.) 60ᵇ), or sacrifices etc. Avodah Zarah 3, 5 העכומ"ז העובדין וכ׳ as to idolaters that worship mountains and hills (as deities), they (the territories) may be used, but what is on them is forbidden. the same place (ibid.) 45ᵇ אילן … ולבסוף עֲבָדוֹ if one planted a tree and afterwards made it a subject of worship. the same place (ibid.) 46ᵃ ועוֹבְדֵיהֶן בסייף and those (Jews) who worship them are put to death by the sword; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 6 (7), 8. Shabbath 56ᵇ אילמלי לא … ולא עָבְדוּ ישראל ע"א had David not listened to evil gossip (against Mephibosheth), … Israel would not have worshipped idols (under Jeroboam). the same place (ibid.) 105ᵇ עד שיאמר לו עֲבוֹד ע"ז until he (the tempter) finally tells him, worship idols; Tosefta Bava Kamma 9, 31. Chullin 13ᵇ נכרים שבח"ל לאו עוֹבְדֵי ע"א הן gentiles outside of Palestine must not be considered as idolaters; and very frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נֶעֱבַד to be prepared, dressed. Tosefta Bava Kamma the passage cited עורות שאינן נֶעֱבָדִין edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (other edition עֲבוּדִין) undressed hides; and elsewhere to be used, especially for illicit purposes; to be worshipped. Temurah the passage cited המוקצה והנ׳ the animal designated for idolatrous purposes and the one used; explained כל שעובדין אותו whatever they may use it for ((e.g. yoking the ox, shearing the sheep for the benefit of idolatrous temples). the same place (ibid.) 28ᵃ נעבדה בהן עבירה an illicit act has been done with them (by coupling them); the same place (ibid.) לא נֵתְעַבְּדָה בה עבירה no sinful act has been done with it (by which to unfit it for the altar). Avodah Zarah 46ᵇ יש נ׳ במחובר אצל גבוה does the law forbidding the use in divine worship of objects which have been used for idolatrous purposes include things fixed in the ground? the same place (ibid.) יש שינוי בנ׳ does change of form restore to legitimate use objects otherwise forbidden on account of their use in connection with idolatry? and frequently Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נַתְעַבֵּד same, see above. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶעֱבִיד to enslave, oppress. Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 162 הֶעֱבִידוֹ בכל וכ׳ he (Esau) oppressed him with all sorts of troubles. Pi'el פִּעֵל עִיבֵּד to prepare, especially to dress hides. Shabbath 7, 2 (among the labors forbidden on the Sabbath) והמְעַבֵּד את עורו dressing the hide of the deer (to fit it for parchment). the same place (ibid.) 75ᵇ חייב משום מעבד is guilty of a Sabbath offence coming under the category of tanning. Gittin 54ᵇ גוילין … לא עִיבַּדְתִּין לשמן I did not prepare the parchment sheets with the proper intention; and frequently ↗ original

עֲבַד 1 (corresp. to Hebrew עָשָׂה) to do, labor; to make; to act. Targum Genesis 1, 7. the same place (ibid.) 31, 26; and very frequently—Berachoth 60ᵇ לעולם … כל דעביד רחמנא לטב Munich manuscript (edition לטב עביד; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 3) man should train himself always to say, Whatever the Merciful One does, is for good; Yalkut Shimoni Job 893 כל … לטב עביד. Temurah 4ᵇ אי עביד מהני, see הֲנִי. Yevamoth 37ᵃ מי עָבוּד רבנן תקנתא וכ׳ (not עביד) have the Rabbis adopted special measures for priests etc.? the same place (ibid.) עַבְדִּינָן כרבנן we act (decide) in accordance with the opinion of the Rabbis. Kethuboth 60ᵇ לא עַבְדֵי נשי דחנקן וכ׳ women will not do such a thing as strangling their children. Kiddushin 50ᵃ לא ע׳ אינש דמשוי וכ׳ a man will not declare himself a wrongdoer; and very frequently to do, fare, prosper. Vayikra Rabbah section 5, end מה את עָבֵיד how art thou?; ומה ארעא עֲבִידָא and how does the field fare?; מה תורין עַבְדִין how are the oxen? the same place (ibid.) ע׳ לב טב he assumes cheerfulness. Bereshith Rabbah section 13 כל שיחתן … עַבְדַּת ארעא all the talk of people turns on the land (material prosperity): ‘the land is doing well’ (crops promise to be good); ‘the land is not doing well’; and frequently to spend time. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 8, 38ᵇ top עביד טמיר במערתא וכ׳ he remained hidden in a cave etc.; the same place (ibid.) 9, 38ᵈ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 5, 48ᵈ top עַבְדַת טמירא וכ׳ she (the ass) remained hidden with them etc.; Bereshith Rabbah section 60 עבדת גבון; and frequently—participle passive עָבִיד; feminine עֲבִידָא made, liable to, likely, used to. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 3, 17ᵈ bottom of the page היך ע׳ how did it happen (i.e. in what case would it make a practical difference for the slave)? Rosh Hashanah 22ᵇ, and elsewhere מילתא דע׳ לאיגלויי, see גְּלֵי. Shevuoth 46ᵃ, see גְּזַם; and frequently Af'el הִפְעִיל אַעֲבֵיד, Pa'el פִּעֵל עַבֵּיד to make, produce. Targum Onkelos Exodus 32, 10 אַעַבֵּיד edition Berlin edition (other אַעֲבֵיד; Yerushalmi (prefix) אֶעְבַּד). the same place (ibid.) 30, 37; and frequently—Vayikra Rabbah section 28, end, see below. to cause to prosper. Bereshith Rabbah section 13 כל תפלתן … מרי תַעֲבִיד ארעא יכ׳ all the prayers of men turn on the earth (mundane affairs): Lord, make the land (crop) thrive, make the land prosper; and elsewhere to work through. participle passive מְעַבַּד, מְעַבְּדָא. Bava Metzia 116ᵇ טינא דמע׳ thoroughly kneaded clay. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִיתְעֲבֵיד, אִיעֲבֵיד to be done; to be made, become. Targum Genesis 29, 26. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 8, 4. Targum Psalms 62, 4; and frequently—Echah Rabbah to 2, 2 בעית לאִיעַבְדָּא וכ׳ (not לאיבדא, לעיבדא) dost thou want to be made a senator? Vayikra Rabbah section 28, end מאן דעַבֵּיד … אתע׳ וכ׳ he who made the comes …, is now to become a bather etc.; Esther Rabbah to 6, 10 האי גברא מְעַבֵּיד … עביד בלן (correct accordingly); and frequently [Zevachim 75ᵇ דאיעבד, read: דאיערוב, see עֲרַב I.]—5. דִּיעֲבַד. ↗ original

עֶבֶד the preceding words) slave, servant. Kiddushin 20ᵃ הקונה ע׳ עברי וכ׳ he who buys a Hebrew slave, has, so to say, bought a master over himself. Shabbath 89ᵃ כלום יש ע׳ שנותן וכ׳ dare a servant salute his master (first)? Sanhedrin 58ᵇ (referring to Proverbs 12, 11) אם … כע׳ לאדמה וכ׳ if a man makes himself a slave to the soil, he will be satisfied with bread etc. Kiddushin 1, 3 ע׳ כנעני נקנה וכ׳ a Canaanite (gentile) slave is acquired by money, by deed etc. the same place (ibid.) 3, 13 ממזר … הולד ע׳ if a bastard marries a slave, the child is a slave; הרי זה ע׳ ממזר the child is a bastard slave (subject to the disabilities of both). Shevuoth 47ᵇ ע׳ מלך כמלך a king’s officer is like a king (the inferior person is raised by association with a superior); and very frequently—plural עֲבָדִים. Kiddushin 22ᵇ (referring to Leviticus 25, 55) כי לי … ולא ע׳ לע׳ ‘the children of Israel are my servants’, but they must not make themselves servants of servants (of human beings). Avoth 1, 3 אל תהיו כע׳ וכ׳ be not like the servants that wait upon their master for the sake of getting their fare (reward), see פְּרָס; and frequently ↗ original

עֲבַד same. Targum Genesis 9, 25 (O. edition Berlin edition עַבַד; edition Vienna edition עֶבֶד). the same place (ibid.) 26; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 86 ע׳ זבין … ע׳ לתרויהון a slave (Potiphar) buys, the son of a handmaid (the Ishmaelite) sells, and the free man (Joseph) is the slave of both; Koheleth Rabbah to 10, 7. Gittin 13ᵃ, and elsewhere ע׳ בהפקרא וכ׳, see הֶפְקֵרָא; and frequently—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 7ᶜ נפק ע׳, read: עוּבְדָּא.]—plural עַבְדִּין, עַבְדַּיָּא, עַבְדֵּי. Targum Genesis 24, 25. Targum Isaiah 54, 17. Targum Proverbs 12, 9; and frequently—Bava Kamma 97ᵃ הוה תקיף ע׳ דאינשי וכ׳ used to seize slaves of men against whom he had a claim etc. Kiddushin 70ᵃ רגיל דקרי אינשי ע׳ he is in the habit of calling people slaves; and frequently worshipper. Nedarim 62ᵇ ע׳ דנורא fire-worshipper (Geber); and elsewhere ↗ original

עַבְדּוּ , see עַבְדּוּתָא ↗ original

עַבְדּוּת (the preceding words) slavery, servitude; status of a slave. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 59ᵈ אחת בסוף שש עד שהוא בעַבְדּוּתוֹ (not בעבודתו) one declaration at the end of the sixth year, while he is still a slave by law. Pesachim 10, 5 (in the Passover night service) הוציאנו מע׳ לחרות he led us forth from slavery to freedom; Kiddushin 22ᵇ. Horayoth 10ᵃ כמדומין אתם ששררה … ע׳ וכ׳ you seem to believe that I place a rulership upon you (by appointing you to office), I place servitude upon you (referring to I Kings 12, 7); and frequently ↗ original

עַבְדּוּתָא Targum Onkelos Exodus 13, 3; and frequently—Gittin 86ᵃ (in a deed of sale) עבדא דנן מוצדק לעבדו this slave is lawfully a slave. ↗ original

עַבְּדן (עָבַד Pi'el) hide-dresser, tanner. Kelim 26, 8 (עורות) של ע׳ hides in the tanner’s possession (intended for sale to mechanics). Shabbath 1, 8; and elsewhere—plural עַבְּדָנִין. Kelim 15, 1 עריבת הע׳ (edition Dehr. העוֹבְדָן) a trough used by tanners. ↗ original

עַבְדְּקַן (compound or composed of עַב a. דְּקַן; compare זַלְדְּקַן) thick-bearded. Sanhedrin 100ᵇ (manuscripts F. a. K. עב דקן), see סַכְסַן. ↗ original

עָבָה 1 , feminine of עָב. ↗ original

עָבָה 2 , see עבי ↗ original

עבוד , Bechoroth 6, 6 (40ᵃ) Munich manuscript, see אָכוּז ↗ original

עִבּוּד , see עִיבּוּד ↗ original

עֲבוֹדָה work, labor, service, attendance, especially (in agric.) space required for attending to a plant. Kilayim 6, 1, and elsewhere (כדי ע׳) נותנין לו את עֲבוֹדָתוֹ we must allow it (the vine) its space (within which no other seed should be planted). the same place (ibid.) וכמה היא עֲבוֹדַת הגפן and how large is the space for the vine? Bava Bathra 83ᵃ כדי עבודת הכרם as much space as is required for attending to the vineyard. Tosefta Kilayim 2, 7 עבודת ירק בירק אחר the space to be left between one vegetable and another; and frequently service, agricultural implements, working cattle etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 42 (referring to אָכְלָם, Genesis 14, 11) זו ע׳ this means their agricultural service. this means their agricultural service. manual labor; servitude, service. Menachoth 109ᵇ, see שֵׁירוּת. Rosh Hashanah 11ᵃ בר"ה בטלה ע׳ מאבותינו וכ׳ on the New Year’s Day (prior to going out of Egypt) our ancestors in Egypt were freed from servitude; and elsewhere divine service, priest’s service; worship. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 59ᵈ top וייפסל מן הע׳ and he (the priest) will be made unfit for service. Tosefta Shekalim 3, 26; Chullin 24ᵃ כ"ה ללמוד ושלשים לע׳ twenty-five years is the age for apprenticeship, and thirty years for practical service. the same place (ibid.) הע׳ בכתף the service of carrying the Tabernacle on the shoulder. Menachoth the passage cited אלמדך סדר ע׳ I will teach thee the order of the priestly service. Yoma 32ᵃ המשנה מע׳ לע׳ he who goes from one function of the Temple service to another. the same place (ibid.) עבודת היום בבגדי וכ׳ the special service of the Day of Atonement is performed in white garments. the same place (ibid.) 39ᵇ הגרלה לאו ע׳ היא casting lots is no special function. the same place (ibid.) 3, 3 אין אדם נכנס לעזרה לע׳ וכ׳ no one must enter the Temple court for worship, unless etc. Sanhedrin 7, 6 (60ᵇ) זו היא עֲבוֹדָתוֹ (not עבודתה) this is the form of worshipping that deity; and frequently—Transferred the emoluments of the officiating priest. Bava Kamma 109ᵇ, and the following עֲבוֹדָתָהּ ועורה וכ׳ (not עבודתו) the gifts for officiating at its offering and its hide belong to etc.—In gen. divine worship, prayer. Avoth 1, 2. Taanith 2ᵃ (referring to Deuteronomy 11, 13) איזו היא ע׳ שבלב … זו תפלה what is meant by the service of the heart? Prayer. Arachin 11ᵃ (referring to Deuteronomy 28, 47) איזו היא ע׳ … זה שירה what is the service in joy and cheerfulness of the heart? It is song. the same place (ibid.) (referring to Numbers 4, 47) איזו היא ע׳ שצריכה ע׳ וכ׳ what service is that which requires (accompanies) sacrificial service? It is song; and frequently—הָעֲ׳ by the worship!, for ‘by God!’ Yevamoth 32ᵇ. Sifra K’dosh., Parah 2, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 4; and frequently—Esp. ‘Ăbodah, the first of the last three sections of the Prayer of Benedictions (תְּפִלָּה), containing the prayer for the restoration of the Temple service. Berachoth 29ᵇ טעה … בע׳ חוזר לע׳ if he failed to insert the prayer for the New Moon Day in the ʻĂbodah, he must begin the ʻĂ. anew; נזכר בהודאה חוזר לע׳ if he recalls the omission while reading the Hodaah (the second of the last three sections), he must begin etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, 8ᵃ bottom of the page כל דבר שהוא לַבָּא אומרה בע׳ whatever prayer refers to the future is inserted in the ‘A.—Megillah 18ᵃ כיון שבאת תפלה באת ע׳ when you speak of prayer (praying that your prayer be acceptable), comes the prayer for the restoration of the Temple service. the same place (ibid.) ע׳ והודאה חדא וכ׳ ʻĂb. and Hodaah are one thing (belong together); and frequently ע׳ זָרָה (abbreviated or abbreviation ע"ז) idolatry, mostly used for idol, heathen deity, interch. in editions with עֲבוֹדַת אֱלִילִים (abbreviated or abbreviation ע"א) and עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים וּמַזָּלוֹת (abbreviated or abbreviation עכ"ום, עכומ"ז). Bava Bathra 110ᵃ תעשה כהן לע"א thou (Jonathan, grandson of Moses) to be a priest of idolatry?; כך מקובלני … ישכיר אדם עצמו לע"ז וכ׳ I have a tradition from my grandfather, a man should rather hire himself out for ‘strange service’, than be dependent on man; הוא סבר לע"ז ממש … אלא ע׳ שזרה לו he thought it meant real strange service (idolatry), but it means ‘for labor strange to him’ (beneath his station). Sanhedrin 5, 1 (40ᵃ) העובד עכ"ום את מי עבד וכ׳ (Mishnah edition העובד כוכבים וכ׳) in the case of one accused of idolatry, (the witnesses are asked,) whom (what special deity) did he worship? and in what manner did he worship? Avodah Zarah 11ᵇ בתי ע"א idolatrous temples (and fairs connected therewith); and very frequently—‘Ăbodah Zarah, name of a treatise of the Mishnah, Tosefta, Talmud Babli a. Y’rushalmi, of the Order of N’ziḳin.—plural עֲבוֹדוֹת. Sifra Sh’mini, Milluim בשעה קלה למדו שבעה ע׳ וכ׳ in a short moment they iearned seven sacrificial functions: the slaughtering etc. Yoma 47ᵇ זו היא מע׳ קשות וכ׳ this is one of the difficult services (manipulations) in sacrificial rites. the same place (ibid.) 32ᵃ וחמש ע׳ הן וכ׳ and there were five rites (on the Day of Atonement): the daily morning sacrifice etc.; and frequently ↗ original

עָבוּז , see אֵבוּז, a. אָכוּז. ↗ original

עֲבוֹט [fastening; compare חֲזָקָה,] pledge, security. Bava Metzia 114ᵇ (explained Deuteronomy 24, 12) לא תשכב ועֲבוֹטוֹ אצלך thou must not go to bed with his pledge with thee.—2) = עָבִיט saddle, saddle-bag. [Tosefta Maasroth 3, 13, see עָבִיט.]—plural עֲבוֹטוֹת saddle cushions, rugs etc., baggage. Tanchuma Emor, edition Buber edition 26, note 188 אתה יודע שאין לי זהב א"ל ותן לי ע׳ נתן לו טפיטוס וכ׳ thou knowest that I have no gold. Said he to him, then give me the baggage, and he gave him a rug and other garments that he had robbed him of; the same place (ibid.) תן לי אותן ע׳ שנטלת ממני give me that baggage which thou hast taken from me; נתן לו אותו זהב ואותן ע׳ מקצת he gave him that gold (of which he had robbed him) and the baggage, but only a part thereof; Tanchuma Emor 18 עֲבִיטוֹת. ↗ original

עַבּוֹף (עבף, compare עבב) densely covered, thick with leaves. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 12, 2 (not ענוף); Targum Jeremiah 3, 13 (Hebrew text רענן); and frequently ↗ original

עַבּוּפְיָא (the preceding) thick foliage. Targum Job 15, 32 (Hebrew text רעננה). ↗ original

עִבּוּר , see sub עיבּ׳. ↗ original

עֲבוּר , בַּעֲ׳ for the sake of. Taanith 20ᵃ נקררה חמה בַּעֲבוּרוֹ the sun was made to break forth for his sake. the same place (ibid.) בַּעֲבוּרָן for their sake; and frequently—[Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Haḥod., p. 45ᵃ and the following הרגיש בעבורה, read. בעֲבֵירָה.] ↗ original

עֲבוֹרָא (עֲבַר) passer-by, traveller. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 69ᵃ bottom of the page דלא הוו מקבלין לע׳ they would receive no stranger (Echah Rabbah to 2, 2 אכסניא).—plural עֲבוֹרַיָּא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 18, 3 (edition Vienna edition עִיבוּרַיָּא, correct accordingly). ↗ original

עַבּוּרָא (עֲבַר) one who hands over.—plural construct state עַבּוּרֵי. Bava Bathra 133ᵇ, see אַחְסָנָא. ↗ original

עָבוֹת עָבֹת; עָבַת to twist, plait) network, matting; עץ ע׳ a tree screened by a network of foliage. Sifra Emor, Parah 12, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 16 (explained Leviticus 23, 40) את שענף עצו דומה לקליעה the tree the ramification around whose trunk resembles plaiting; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 3, 53ᶜ bottom of the page עץ שענפיו חופין … קליעה a tree the branches of which cover its larger portion and which rises in the shape of a plaiting; Babylonian Sukkah 32ᵇ שענפיו חופין את עצו whose branches cover up its trunk. the same place (ibid.) היכי דמי ע׳ וכ׳ what is ‘aboth like (when is a tree called ‘aboth)? When three leaves are on each stem. the same place (ibid.) ובלבד שתהא עֲבוֹתוֹ קיימת provided its network (three leaves on each stem) remains; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֲבוֹת the preceding) chain, rope for fastening the yoke of the animal to the plough (Maimonides); [the pole tied to the yoke by means of a knotted rope (Rabbenu Shimshon)]. Kelim 21, 2. Sifra Shʾmini, Parah 6, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 8.—Sanhedrin 99ᵇ (referring to Isaiah 5, 18) בתחלה … לע׳ העגלה at first the evil inclination resembles a thread of cobweb, and at the end it is like a wagon rope; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 129.—plural עֲבוֹתוֹת. Sukkah 52ᵃ; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 270 (not עבותי׳).—5. עָבִית. ↗ original

עֶבֶט , see עָבִיט ↗ original

עֲבַט (denominative of עֲבִיטָא, see עֲבוֹט) to seize a pledge. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִיעֲבַט to have one’s goods seized. Bava Kamma 113ᵇ בר מתא אבר מתא מִיעֲבַט the goods of one resident may be seized for the delinquent taxes of a fellow resident (see תָּפַס). ↗ original

עבי to be thick, dense, dark. Nif'al נִפְעַל נֶעֱבֶה to become thick, swell. Tanchuma Vaëra 3 ובלען … ולא נ׳ יותר וכ׳ Aaron’s staff swallowed them up and yet was not thicker than before. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶעֱבָה same. Tosefta Kilayim 3, 4 הֶעֱבוּ ונעשו מכוונות (not העבן) if the plants on growing denser appeared to form a straight line; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, beginning 29ᵈ העבות (Rabbenu Shimshon to Kilayim 5, 1 היו עבים; correct accordingly). Pi'el פִּעֵל עִיבָּה to make thick; to condense, darken; to facilitate growth. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 3, 66ᶜ מְעַבֶּה, see עָב 2. Moed Katan 2, 5 מְחַפִּין … אף מְעַבִּין (during the festive week) you may cover up the cut figs with straw; … you may even etc.; explained the same place (ibid.) 13ᵇ מחפין אקלושי מעבין אסמוכי by m’ḥappin is meant a loose covering, by m’ʿabbin a dense, packed covering; (anoth. opinion) מחפין … מע׳ … כמין כרי m’ḥappin means a loose or a dense covering, m’ʿabbin means bringing the figs close together so as to form a pile. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 3, 17ᶜ בשעי׳ על מנת להדל if he set the plants close together with the intention of thinning them afterwards. the same place (ibid.) 7, 20ᵇ מתוך שהוא מְעַבָּן וכ׳ because he strengthens the remaining plants (by thinning the field), they produce more fruit the next year (and thus he benefits also the poor). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 1, beginning 33ᵃ מעבה את הכורת he advances the growth of the ramification, opposite מתיש כוחה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 4, 62ᶜ top בשלא נתכוין לעַבֹּותָהּ when (in putting wood on the booth) he had not had the intention to cover it more densely; and elsewhere—Tosefta Peah 4, 14 המעבה את שוקיו (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) המקפח) he who contracts his shoulders (simulating a hump), see קָפַח.—participle passive מְעוּבֶּה, which see ↗ original

עֲבֵי , to be thick, rough, strong. Chullin 38ᵃ, see עֲמֵי. ↗ original

עָבֵי (the preceding) thick, rough. Chullin 79ᵃ ע׳ קליה וכ׳ if the voice of a mule is rough, its dam is an ass, if shrill (צניף), a horse. ↗ original

עֳבִי , see עוֹבִי ↗ original

עֲבִיד see עֲבַד I, 2. ↗ original

עֲבִידָא , see sub עִיבִיד׳. ↗ original

עָבִיט (עבט, see עֲבוֹט; compare חֶבֶט I) [fastening, pressing,] (של גמל) sumpter-saddle consisting of a pair of panniers tied across the animal’s back (Lat. clitellae, Gr. κανθήλια); also the cushion on the camel’s back (Arab. gabiṭ). Sifra M’tsor‘a, Zavim, Parah 2, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 3; Kelim 23, 2; and elsewhere—plural עֲבִיטִין. Tosefta Eruvin 3 (2), 1; Eruvin 16ᵃ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 19ᵇ bottom of the page—Tanchuma Emor 18 עביטות. see עֲבוֹט. ע׳ של ענבים (compare κανθήλια) a large basket, strapped on the carrier’s back, in which grapes are carried during the vintage. Bava Metzia 5, 7 (72ᵇ); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 6, 2. Tosefta Maasroth 3, 13 (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) עבוט, correct accordingly). Tosefta Demai 6, 11; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 6, 25ᶜ bottom of the page עֶבֶט. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 5, beginning 62ᵈ העבט. Tohoroth 10, 4, and the following העביט edition Dehr. (edition העבט; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) מעבט). Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 2, beginning 81ᵃ דורכין את עַבְטוֹ you may press, for the mourner, the grapes in the basket (to prevent ruin by delay); and elsewhere ע׳ של מימי רגלים a large vessel for the collection of urine (for manufacturing purposes). Berachoth 25ᵇ גרף של רעי וע׳ וכ׳ a vessel for the collection of excrements, and a tub for urine; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 16 variant reading Bava Bathra 89ᵇ.—Kethuboth 82ᵇ, read with Tosafoth: ע׳ של נחושת a bronze tub. ↗ original

עֲבִיטָא , sumpter-saddle. Targum Genesis 31, 34 (Hebrew text כַּר).—Bereshith Rabbah section 74.—Transferred burden, obligation. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 10, end 7ᶜ יכיל מימר ליה את שרי עֲבִיטָיךְ מיני he (who has been forced to pay his neighbor’s arrear taxes) can say to him, take thy saddle off me, i.e. pay me the amount you would have had to pay the government. Babylonian Bava Kamma 115ᵃ א"ל … זיל שרי עביטך he said to that man (whose stolen goods had been bought in good faith), go, untie thy saddle, i.e. redeem thy goods by indemnifying the buyer. ↗ original

עבין , Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, 64ᵇ bottom of the page חמר ע׳, read: חמש עבירן, see עֲבֵירְתָּא ↗ original

עֲבֵירָא , see עֲבֵירְתָּא ↗ original

עֲבִירָה (עָבַר) passing by. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 1, 19ᵃ top כדי עֲבִירַת אדם as much space as is required for a person to passive ↗ original

עֲבֵירָה (the preceding) transgression, sin. Sotah 3ᵃ (play on עבר Hif'il, with referring to ויעבירו, Exodus 36, 6) אדם עובר ע׳ בסתר והקב"ה מכריז וכ׳ man commits a sin in secret, and the Lord causes his exposure in public; ואין ע׳ אלא לשון הכרזה וכ׳ and the word ‘ăberah (compare the preceding) has the meaning of publication (passing forth) etc. the same place (ibid.) אין אדם עובר ע׳ אלא אם כן וכ׳ a man does not sin, unless a spirit of insanity has entered into him. Temurah 20ᵇ אין אדם … בדבר הבא בע׳ a person cannot obtain atonement by means of a thing which is connected with an offense, see מִצְוָה; and very frequently—Esp. (compare אִיסּוּרָא) sexual immorality. Bereshith Rabbah section 90. Sanhedrin 70ᵃ top שהכל מצויין אצלה בע׳ for all people will finally associate with her in an immoral way; and very frequently—plural עֲבֵירוֹת, עֲבֵרוֹת. Yoma 8, 8 ע׳ קלות light transgressions. the same place (ibid.) 9 ע׳ שבין אדם למקום sins affecting the relation of man to God; ע׳ … לחבירו sins affecting the relation of man to his fellowman; and frequently ↗ original

עֲבִירִים , see עֲכִירִים ↗ original

עֲבֵירְתָּא = Hebrew עֲבֵירָה. Targum Proverbs 10, 23 עביר עביר׳ (not עביד עביד׳). the same place (ibid.) 21, 27. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 23, 15; 24, 1 עֲבֵירַת פתגם (Hebrew text ערות דבר); and frequently—plural עֲבֵירָתָא, עֲבֵירָן. Targum Job 4, 4 manuscript (edition Lagarde edition עבירה singular, hebraism; edition Vilna edition עֲבֵירָא; other edition עבידתא, incorr.). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 35, 25; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, 64ᵇ bottom of the page [read:] א"ל חמש עבירן האי גוברא עביד בכל יום he said to him, five sins does this man (1) commit every day. ↗ original

עַבְעָבִות , see אַבְאָבִית ↗ original

*עֲבַץ 1 (see next word) to become white, be put to shame. Targum Psalms 34, 6 עֲבָציּ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Levita (edition עֲצָבוּ; Hebrew text יחפרו). ↗ original

עֲבַץ 2 (transpos. of בצבץ = בעבץ; compare כֶּסֶךְ = כַּסְכֵּס, transpos. of סכסך) tin. Targum Ezekiel 27, 12 (edition Lagarde edition בעיץ). Targum Onkelos Numbers 31, 22 edition Berlin edition (other edition אבצא). ↗ original

עָבַר (Biblical Hebrew) to be thick, swell; to run over. Parah 6, 4 כדי שׁיַעַבְרוּ המים וכ׳ that the water may overflow into a vessel; and elsewhere—Shemoth Rabbah section 15 שאני עוֹבֵר, see עֶבְרָה. (compare סְגֵי I a. 2) to pass, to cross. Tosefta Sotah 8, 1; Sotah 33ᵇ כיצד עָבְרוּ ישראל את וכ׳ in what manner did the Israelites cross the Jordan? Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 5, 13 עוֹבֵר הוא וחוזר וכ׳ he goes over his studies once and again etc.; and frequently—ע׳ את הדין to cross the line of justice, to be too severe. Middoth 2, 2 כאילו עברו עליו וכ׳ as if they had treated him too severely (arbitrarily). Shemoth Rabbah section 30 כשם שאני יכול לַעֲבוֹר … ואני איני מַעֲבִיר וכ׳ as I (the Lord) have power to treat the nations with rigor, but refrain from doing so, so shall you not go beyond the line of justice. the same place (ibid.) עִיבְּרָה את הדין (Pi'el); and elsewhere (with על) to pass over (a sin); to forgive. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 5, 5 (play on מור עובר, the same place (ibid.)) מר עובר ע׳ על מררי the bitterness passes away, he (the Lord) passes over my bitterness (sin). Rosh Hashanah 17ᵃ (referring to Micah 7, 18) למי נושא עון למי שעובר על פשע whose iniquity does he pardon? the iniquity of him who forgives (his neighbor’s) transgression; and elsewhere to transgress, sin. Yoma 86ᵇ, and elsewhere כיון שע׳ אדם עבירה ושנה וכ׳ as soon as a man has committed a sin and repeated it, it becomes to him a permitted active the same place (ibid.) 86ᵃ, and elsewhere ע׳ על עשה when one has transgressed a positive law (committed a sin of omission). the same place (ibid.) ע׳ על כריתות וכ׳ when one has committed sins punishable with extinction or death by a court. Eruvin 100ᵃ, and frequently עובר על בל וכ׳, see בַּל. Kethuboth 7, 6 העוֹבֶרֶת על דת וכ׳ if a wife offends against Mosaic or Jewish customs, see דַּת; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 7, 31ᶜ top נשים המְעַבְּרוֹת על הדת (Pi'el); and very frequently to pass, overtake, precede. Pesachim 7ᵇ כל המצות מברך עליהן עובר לעשייתן in the performance of all religious ceremonies one must say the benediction over them before doing them; מאי משמע דהאי עובר לישנא דאקדומי היא what evidence is there that this ‘ober has the meaning of precedence? Answ. by referring to ויעבר (2 Samuel 18, 23) ‘and he arrived before the Cushite’. to pass by, go away, be removed. Pesachim 3, 1 אלו עוֹבְרִין בפסח the following things must pass away (their use must be suspended) during Passover. Betzah 26ᵃ, and frequently מום עובר a transitory blemish, opposite קבוע. Berachoth 26ᵃ ע׳ יומו בטל קרבנו when its day is passed, the sacrifice of the day is void. Pesachim 2, 2 חמץ … שע׳ עליו הפסח leavened matter … over which Passover has passed (which had been in the house during Passover). Berachoth 9, 3 הצועק לַשֶּׁעָבַר וכ׳ praying for what is passed (decided) is a vain prayer, e.g. if one’s wife is with child, and one prays, may it be the will of God that my wife bear a male child; Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, 65ᶜ bottom of the page נותן הודייה לשעבר וצועק וכ׳ one gives thanks for what is passed, and prays for what is to come. Gittin 7, 7 כל זמן שאֱעֶבוֹר מכנגד פניך וכ׳ as soon as I shall have been out of thy sight for thirty days; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 7 (5), 10. Kethuboth 17ᵃ ע׳ מלפני כלה he passed aside to make room for a bridal procession. Yoma 66ᵃ, and elsewhere חטאת שעָבְרָה שנתה a sin-offering whose year is passed (that is older than one year); Temurah 22ᵃ שעִיבְּרָה שנתה (Pi'el) whose year is completed (see below). the same place (ibid.) 21ᵇ בכור שעברה שנתו a first-born animal older than one year; Rosh Hashanah 5ᵇ; Zevachim 29ᵃ bottom of the page שעיברה; Tosefta Sanhedrin 3, 6 בכור שעיברה זמנו edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (read with variant reading: שעבר). Kethuboth 87ᵃ על שֶׁעָ׳ as regards the past, see עָתִיד; and very frequently—לַשֶּׁעָ׳ in former days. Bereshith Rabbah section 47, opposite עַכְשָׁיו; and frequently Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶעֱבִיר to lead past, stroke gently. Tosefta Shabbath 7 (8), 23 [read:] מַעֲבִירִין על גבי העין בשבת you are permitted to stroke a sore eye on the Sabbath; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 14, 14ᶜ bottom of the page מעבירין על העין. the same place (ibid.) הֶעֱבִירוּ עליו כלים they passed garments over it. to cause to pass; to remove, displace. Kethuboth 17ᵃ מַעֲבִירִין את המת מלפני כלה וכ׳ a funeral procession is made to make way for a bridal procession, and both of them for the king, see above. Gittin 57ᵇ שאין אנו מעבירין אותו באל אחר that we shall never displace him for another god; שאין מַעֲבִיר אותנו וכ׳ that he will never displace us for another nation. Shemoth Rabbah section 30 כאילו היא מעביר איקינין וכ׳ as if he removed (defaced) the king’s portrait; and frequently to go beyond. the same place (ibid.) איני מעביר וכ׳, see above. the same place (ibid.) הבריות מעבירין על הדין וכ׳ men go beyond the line of justice (are treacherous, cruel), and they are punished; and elsewhere to skip over; to forego, postpone.—ה׳ על מדותיו, see מִדָּה.—Yoma 33ᵃ; 58ᵇ, and frequently אין מעבירין על המצות you must not forego the occasion for performing a religious active Eruvin 64ᵇ אין מעבירין על האוכלין you must not pass by eatables (and let them lie in the street); Bava Metzia 23ᵃ; and frequently to forego, overlook, pardon. Rosh Hashanah 17ᵃ (referring to Micah 7, 18) מעביר ראשון ראשין וכך היא המדה (Munich manuscript על ראשון וכ׳; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) he pardons one sin after the other (before they are put on the scale), and such is the divine dealing. the same place (ibid.) מעבירין לו על כל פשעיו all his transgressions are pardoned; and frequently to cause to forego or disregard. Eruvin 41ᵇ שלשה דברים מעבירין … על וכ׳ three things make a man disregard his own sense (of right) and the sense of his Maker; and elsewhere Pi'el פִּעֵל עִיבֵּר to be completed, full. Temurah 22ᵃ, and elsewhere, see above. to transgress repeatedly. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 7, 31ᶜ top, see above. to go beyond. Shemoth Rabbah the passage cited עיברה את הדין, see above. [Tosefta Bava Kamma 6, 22 שעיברה הדליקה עד, read with Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 7, 5ᶜ. שעברה … את.] (see עוּבָּר) to carry, be with young. Kiddushin 31ᵇ כי עִבַּרְתּוֹ אמו וכ׳ while his mother was pregnant with him, his father died. Tosefta Bava Kamma 10, 1 ועִיבְּרָה אצלו (Bava Kamma 9, 1 ונִתְעַבְּרָה) and the cow became pregnant while she was in his possession. Chullin 58ᵃ; and frequently—participle passive feminine מְעוּבֶּרֶת; plural מְעוּבָּרוֹת pregnant. Yevamoth 16, 1. the same place (ibid.) 36ᵇ, and elsewhere מע׳ חבירו a woman who is with child of another man (divorced or widowed during pregnancy). Bereshith Rabbah section 85 מלכים אני מע׳ גואלים אני מע׳ I am pregnant with kings, with redeemers (kings and redeemers are destined to be of my offspring). Yevamoth 3, 10; and frequently—4) (see עִיבּוּר) to extend the city limits, for the purpose of defining Sabbath distances, in cases of buildings projecting beyond the city lines (outskirts). Eruvin 5, 1 כיצד מְעַבְּרִין וכ׳ (see אָבַר), defined the same place (ibid.) 53ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, beginning 22ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 7, 12ᶜ top כאשה עוברה like a pregnant woman; Tosefta Berachoth 6 (5), 1; and elsewhere—6) to complement, add to, especially to intercalate a month, (second Adar); proclaim a leap year; to complement a month (see מָלֵא) by assigning to it an additional day (thirty days). Tosefta Sanhedrin 2, 1 שנים אומרים צריכה לְעַבֵּר if two judges say, it is necessary to intercalate a month. the same place (ibid.) 2 על שלשה סימנים מעברין וכ׳ on three indications the intercalation is decided; על שנים מעברין וכ׳ when two of them exist, the intercalation is decreed. the same place (ibid.) ואם עִיבְּרוּהָ הרי זו מעוברת but if they proclaimed it a leap-year, it remains a leap-year; and frequently—participle passive מְעוּבָּר; feminine מְעוּבֶּרֶת. Rosh Hashanah 19ᵇ אלול מע׳ an Elul of thirty days. Sanhedrin 11ᵇ אינה מע׳ the year is not a leap-year (the declared intercalation is invalid); and frequently Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעַבֵּר, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְעַבֵּר to swell (with anger), to become wroth. Sifré Numbers 135 (explained ויתעבר, Deuteronomy 3, 26) כאדם שאומר נ׳ בי פלוני נתמלא וכ׳ as a man says, that man (became full) got wroth with me, meaning, he was filled with wrath against me; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 818; Sifré Deuteronomy 29 כאשה שאינה יכולה לשוח מפני עוברה (swelled,) like a woman that cannot bend down on account of the child she is pregnant with; see עֶבְרָה. to become pregnant. Bereshith Rabbah section 45 מביאה … נִתְעַבְּרָה she conceived on her first intercourse; אין אשה מִתְעַבֶּרֶת וכ׳ no woman conceives on etc.; Yevamoth 34ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) 34ᵇ כדי שלא תִתְעַבֵּר וכ׳ that she may not become with child, and her beauty etc., see כָּחַשׁ. Bava Kamma 9, 1 ונתעברה אצלו, see above; and frequently to be extended, to be consolidated into one township. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 5, 22ᵇ bottom of the page יכול אני … בית מעון מתעברת וכ׳ I can cause Beth Ma‘on and Tiberias to be considered one township (as regards Sabbath distances). to be added to, to be proclaimed a full month (of thirty days), a leap-year (of thirteen months). Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 3, beginning 58ᶜ ניסן לא נ׳ מימיו Nisan was never made a full month (by decree of the court); Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 10, beginning 39ᵇ; and elsewhere—Sanhedrin 12ᵃ ראויה … שתִּתְעַבֵּר that year ought to have been a leap-year. Bava Metzia נִתְעַבְּרָה השנה נתע׳ לשוכר if the year was made a leap-year, the tenant (that rented by the year) reaps the benefit of the intercalation. Rosh Hashanah 19ᵇ; and frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נֶעֱבַר (with עֲבֵרָה) to be committed. Tosefta Bava Kamma 10, 3 בהמה ונֶעֶבְרָה בה עבירה if one stole a beast, and some sinful act was committed on it (by which it became forbidden for any benefit); (Bava Kamma 9, 2, and frequently נעבדה … עבירה). ↗ original

עֲבַר , to pass, cross, step over, forgive etc. (see the preceding). Impf. יְעִיבַּר; infin. מִיעִיבַּר. Targum Genesis 32, 17. the same place (ibid.) 12, 6. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 17, 2 מִיעִיבַּר edition Berlin edition (other edition מֶעְבַּר, מֶעֱבַר; Yerushalmi (prefix) מֵעִיבַר). Targum Psalms 124, 4; and very frequently—Shabbath 40ᵃ האי מאן דע׳ אדרבנן he who disregards Rabbinical enactments. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 7, 9ᵃ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 8, 9ᶜ עַבְרַת בידך וכ׳, see בְּדִי I. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, 43ᵇ bottom of the page מהו נִיעֲבוֹר קומוי how about passing it by?; … עבור וסמי עיניה pass it and ignore it, see סְמֵי; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 4ᵇ מהו מִיעֲבוֹר (not מיהו); Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 2, 47ᵃ top; and frequently Af'el הִפְעִיל אַעְבַּר, אַעַבַּר as the preceding Hif'il Targum Onkelos Leviticus 18, 21 לאָעַבָרָא edition Berlin edition (other edition לאַעְבָּ׳, לאַעֲבָ׳). Targum Genesis 47, 21. Targum Exodus 36, 6.—Targum 2 Samuel 12, 13.—Targum Micah 7, 18; and very frequently—Esp. (Biblical Hebrew עִבֵּר) to pass through; to bar. Targum I Kings 6, 21. Targum Onkelos Exodus 36, 33.—participle passive מַעְבַּר passed through, barring. the same place (ibid.) 26, 28.—Chagigah 5ᵃ מַעְבִּיר במיליה = Hebrew מַעֲבִיר על מדותיו, see the preceding a. מִדָּה. Pa'el פִּעֵל עַבַּר to be with child, to conceive. Targum Psalms 51, 7 עַבְּרַת (edition Lagarde edition עברית, Bxt. עֲבָרַת, correct accordingly). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 11, 12 (edition Vienna edition עֲבָרִית, correct accordingly); and frequently—participle passive feminine מְעַבְּרָא, מְעַבְּרָה, מְעַבַּרְתָּא; plural מְעַבְּרָתָא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 16, 11. the same place (ibid.) 38, 24; and elsewhere—Bava Kamma 47ᵃ פרה מע׳ a pregnant cow. Chullin 59ᵇ אַפִּילוּ כל מע׳ all pregnant women miscarried; and elsewhere as the preceding Hif'il, to cause to pass; to remove, displace; to cover up. Avodah Zarah 65ᵇ מְעַבֵּר להו מעברא he passed them over the ford. Yoma 33ᵇ עַבּוּרֵי דרעא וכ׳, see דְּרָעָא. Eruvin 65ᵃ, see פּוּק. Chullin 18ᵃ שמתיה ועַבְּרֵיה he excommunicated him and removed him (from his office). the same place (ibid.) מְעַבְּרִינָן ליה וכ׳ we remove him and declare his meat ṭ’refah. Berachoth 27ᵇ תא ונְעַבְּרֵיה come, let us displace him. the same place (ibid.) 39ᵃ לעבורי זוהמא to carry off foul matter. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 4ᶜ bottom of the page הוה מעבר וכ׳ covered it with a sheet, see פַּלְיוּם; and frequently—Yevamoth 63ᵇ עבורו, see below. to declare a full month, a leap year. Targum I Chronicles 12, 32. Targum Song of Songs 7, 5; and elsewhere—Sanhedrin 11ᵇ בתר דעַבְּרוּהָ after they had declared it a leap year. Rosh Hashanah 20ᵃ עַבְּרוּהָ לאלול they have declared Elul a full month; and elsewhere—participle passive מְעַבַּר; feminine מְעַבַּרְתָּא. Sanhedrin 12ᵇ שתא מע׳ a leap year; and elsewhere Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְעַבַּר, אִיעַבַּר to become pregnant. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 19, 36, and the following; and elsewhere—Yevamoth 45ᵃ אִיעַבְּרָא מכותי was with child by a Samaritan. to get over it, to be appeased. Yevamoth 63ᵇ מתקיף … ועַבּוּרֵי איעברא במילא she is irascible, but is easily appeased with a word. to be waded through, be crossed. Targum Ezekiel 47, 5. ↗ original

עֵבֶר 1 (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Eber, a descendant of Shem, believed to have maintained schools (oracles) in connection with Shem. Bereshith Rabbah section 63 (referring to Genesis 25, 22) למדרשו של שם וע׳ to the school of Shem and Eber. Bereshith Rabbah section 37 נביא גדול היה ע׳ וכ׳ E. was a great prophet, for he gave names alluding to coming events. the same place (ibid.) section 42 (explained העברי, Genesis 14, 13) שהוא מבני בניו של ע׳ because he is a descendant of Eber; and frequently ↗ original

עֵבֶר 2 border, bank, side. Bereshith Rabbah section 42 (explained העברי, see the preceding) כל העולם כולו מֵעֵ׳ אחד וכ׳ the whole world was on one side (idolaters), and he (Abraham) on the other side; שהוא מע׳ הנהר וכ׳ because he came from the banks of the river (Euphrates), and spoke the Hebrew language (see עִבְרִו).—מע׳ לים beyond the sea. Eruvin 55ᵃ (referring to Deuteronomy 30, 12) … אם מע׳ לים לעבור אחריה if the Law be beyond the sea, thou must go over to learn it. ↗ original

עֵבַר , see עֵיבַר 2, a. next word ↗ original

עַבְּרָא (עֲבַר Pa'el) bar, bolt. Targum Onkelos Exodus 26, 28 (edition Berlin edition עָבְרָא). Targum Judges 16, 3 (edition Vilna edition עִבְּרָא).—Eruvin 102ᵃ, and frequently עִיבְּרָא דרשא the door bolt.—plural עַבְּרִין, עַבְּרִי Targum Onkelos Exodus 26, 26, and the following; and elsewhere ↗ original

עִבְרָאָה , see עִבְרַי ↗ original

עֲבָרָאֵי , see עִבְרַי end. ↗ original

עֲבֵרָה , see עֲבֵירָה ↗ original

עֻבָּרָה , see עוּבָּרָה ↗ original

עֲבָרָה (עָבַר) = הַעֲבָרָה which see passing by; ע׳ מ־ passing from one act to another, ceasing. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 2, 3ᵃ top בשעת עֲבָרָתָן while they were passing by. Niddah 1, 7 בשעת עברתן מלאכול וכ׳ when they cease to eat T’rumah. ↗ original

עֶבְרָה [swelling, running over,] anger, indignation. Shemoth Rabbah section 15 שהע׳ שאני עובר קשה היא severe is the anger with which I am filled. Tanchuma Vaëthḥ. 6 נתמלא הקב"ה בע׳ עליו the Lord was filled with anger at him (with referring to Deuteronomy 3, 26). Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 820 (explained ויתעבר, Deuteronomy the passage cited) נתמלא עלי ע׳. Bereshith Rabbah section 13 שהיא אוספת את הע׳ it calls in the wrath (i.e. it is a sign of forgiveness, with referring to Psalms 85, 4); and frequently ↗ original

עִבְרִי (Biblical Hebrew) Hebrew; (לשין) ע׳ Hebrew language; (כתב) ע׳ Hebrew character, type. Kiddushin 1, 2 עבד ע׳ a Hebrew slave; אמה הע׳ a Hebrew handmaid. Bereshith Rabbah section 42 ומשיח בלשון ע׳, see עֵבֶר 2. Gittin 9, 6 עד אחד עברי וכ׳ if one witness signed in Hebrew type, and the other in Greek, and again one in Hebrew etc. the same place (ibid.) 8 גט שכתבו עברית וכ׳ if a letter of divorce was written in Hebrew, and its witnesses signed in Greek. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᵇ bottom of the page; Esther Rabbah to 1, 22, and elsewhere ע׳ לדיבור the Hebrew language is adapted for oratory; and frequently—Megillah 18ᵃ קראה … עברית if he read the Megillah in a trans-Euphratean (Aramaic) translation.—plural עִבְרִים, עִבְרִיִּים; feminine עִבְרִיּוֹת. the same place (ibid.) עברית לע׳ an Aramaic translation read before Aramæan Jews. Shemoth Rabbah section 3 למה קורא אותם ע׳ על שם שעברו ים why does he call them ‘Ibriim (Exodus 3, 18)? Because they passed the sea (on going to Egypt). Shemoth Rabbah section 1. Pesikta Rabbati section 23; and frequently ↗ original

עִבְרַי Targum Genesis 14, 13 (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition Vienna edition עיברא, correct accordingly). the same place (ibid.) 39, 14; 17 (not עִבְרָאֵי); and frequently—plural עִבְרָאֵי, עִי׳. the same place (ibid.) 40, 15; and frequently—[Targum Numbers 27, 12; Targum Deuteronomy 32, 49 טורא דעִ׳ edition Berlin edition (edition Vienna edition עֲבָרָאֵי, עַבְרָאֵי; Hebrew text הַר הָעֲבָרִים.]—Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Vayhi, p. 65ᵃ; Pesikta Rabbati section 17; and frequently ↗ original

עֲבַרְיָין (עָבַר, see עֲבֵירָה) renegade. Niddah 13ᵇ נקרא ע׳ may be called a renegade (to idolatry). ↗ original

עֲבַרְיָינָא Shabbath 40ᵃ bottom of the page שרי למקרי ליה ע׳ it is permitted to call him an apostate. ↗ original

עֹבַרְתָּא , see עוֹבַרְתָּא ↗ original

עֻגָּא , see עוּגָּא ↗ original

*עַגְבָאֵי ‘Agbeans, ‘Ăgebeans, a tribe in Ituræa, compare אַרְגּוֹב. Targum Ezekiel 47, 16 בריכת ע׳ (edition Lagarde edition עגי׳) the pond of the ‘Agebeans (Hebrew text חצר התיכון). ↗ original

עֲגָבָה , plural עֲגָבוֹת (עגב to be round) rump, buttocks (compare עָקֵב). Sanhedrin 38ᵇ עִגְבוֹתָיו … מאקרא וכ׳ (not עגביותין) the earth for Adam’s rump was taken from Aḳra etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 888. Niddah 30ᵇ וב׳ עקביו על ב׳ עגבותיו and its (the foetus’) two heels lie against the two sides of its rump; Vayikra Rabbah section 14; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 547. Berachoth 24ᵃ ע׳ … משום ערוה the contact of posteriors (of two persons lying in one bed) does not come under the class of indecency (as regards prayer). Shabbath 152ᵃ (explained החגב, Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 12, 5) אלו ע׳ that means the rump; (commentary or commentaries the genitals; Vayikra Rabbah section 18 לוז של שדרה; Koheleth Rabbah to 12, 5 קרסוליו). ↗ original

עָגַג ) (compare עגל) [to round, roll, press; denominative עוּגָּה, frequently which] to draw (compare חגג). Taanith 3, 8 (19ᵃ); 23ᵃ עג עוגה he drew a circle.—[ to make a cake. Ezekiel 4, 12.] ↗ original

עָגָה , see אָגָא ↗ original

עֻגָּה , see עוּגָּה ↗ original

עָגוּל ‘Agul. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 6, 7ᶜ bottom of the page ר׳ חנינה בר ע׳, see עֲטַל. ↗ original

עָגוֹל round. Niddah 8, 4 (58ᵇ) ע׳ a round blood-stain, opposite משוך lengthy. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 8, 36ᵃ bottom of the page גל ע׳ a round heap of debris, opposite ארוך. Sanhedrin 4, 3; Shemoth Rabbah section 5 גורן ע׳, see גּוֹרֶן. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 2, 20ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original

עֲגוֹל (the preceding; see עִיגּוּל) round cake, loaf. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 29, 23 (Hebrew text ככר).—plural עֲגוּלִין. the same place (ibid.) 40, 4. ↗ original

עִגּוּל , see supply (understood word) עִיגּ׳. ↗ original

עֲגוּלְגּוֹלֶת (the preceding words) round, rolling. Chullin 64ᵃ; Avodah Zarah 40ᵃ, see כָּדַר; Tosefta Chullin 3 (4), 23 (not … לית). ↗ original

עָגִיל (the preceding words) circle. Tosefta Nega'im 6, 3, see עִיגּוּל. ↗ original

עֲגִיל (the preceding words) round shield. Targum Psalms 35, 2 (Hebrew text צנה). Targum 2 Chronicles 9, 15; and elsewhere—plural עֲגִילִין; עֲגִילַיָּא. the same place (ibid.) Targum Ezekiel 23, 24. Targum 2 Chronicles 23, 9; and elsewhere—Targum Psalms 46, 10, see עֲגַלְתָּא I. ↗ original

עָגַל to be round; to roll; to circle. Shabbath 85ᵇ ועוֹגֵל בה חמשה and inscribes in it a circle of five in diameter. Nif'al נִפְעַל נֶעֱגַל to be rounded. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 41ᵇ הוא נסלל ונע׳ the cut in the skin of an animal (whose heart has been taken out while alive) rebounds and becomes rounded. Pi'el פִּעֵל עִגֵּל to draw a circle. participle מְעַגֵּל, see חוֹנִי. Taanith 3, 8; and elsewhere to roll, press, make even. Maasroth 1, 8 המגורה משיְעַגֵּל when the figs are stored in a bin, they are subject to tithes when he has pressed them. the same place (ibid.) היה דש … ומעגל וכ׳ if after treading figs in a vessel or pressing in a bin etc. Makkoth 2, 1 היה מֹעגל במעגילה if he was levelling the roof with a roller, see מַעֲגִילָה; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, beginning 31ᶜ (also מַעֲגִיל, Hif'il). to roll on an oiled surface, to smooth a person’s skin. Tosefta Terumoth 10, 10 ומְעַגְּלוֹ על גביו and oints it (the child) by rolling it on his own body; Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 2, 53ᶜ top ומעגלו ע"ג מיעיו. to round off, form a round body, see below. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶעֱגִיל to round off, form a round body. Oholoth 7, 4 עד שיַעֲגִילוּ ראש כפיקה; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 8, 8 שעִגְּלוּ וכ׳ (see Rabbenu Shimshon to Oholoth the passage cited), see פִּיקָא I. to roll, see above. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעַגֵּל to form globules. Niddah 56ᵃ מה רוק שמִתְעַגֵּל ויוצא וכ׳ as the secretion in the mouth is formed in globules on being discharged etc.; the same place (ibid.) 19ᵇ to roll one’s self on an oiled surface, to smooth one’s skin. Tosefta Terumoth the passage cited על טבלה של שייש להִתְעַגֵּל עליה on a marble plate to anoint himself upon it. the same place (ibid.) 11; Tosefta Shabbath 3 (4), 17; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֲגַל 1 , to be round. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 2, 20ᵃ בהן דעֵגְלִין in the case of those stones which are round (forming a fence). Pa'el פִּעֵל עַגֵּיל to round off. Menachoth 94ᵇ דעַגֵּיל להו מִיעַגֵּל he rounded them off. to twine around. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, end, 32ᵈ [read:] נסב פסקיא דעמר ועַגְּלָהּ וכ׳ (see פְּסִיקְיָא) he took a woolen band and wound it around both of them. ↗ original

עֵגֶל (Biblical Hebrew) calf. Shabbath 5, 4. Tosefta Bechoroth 6, 13; Kiddushin 8ᵃ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) עִגּוּל). Pesachim 112ᵃ, see יָנַק; and frequently—Esp. הע׳ the golden calf which the Israelites made in the desert. Tosefta Shabbath 1, 17 אותו … שעשוי בו הע׳ that day was as ominous to Israel as the day whereon they made the golden calf; Shabbath 17ᵃ. Sotah 14ᵃ שכיפר על מעשה הע׳ he made atonement for the sin of the golden calf; and very frequently—[Tosefta Nega'im 6, 3 בית הע׳ variant reading, see עִיגּוּל.]—plural עֲגָלִים. Sanhedrin 63ᵇ; and frequently—[Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 6, end מביאין הע׳, read: העִגּוּלִים, see עִיגּוּל.]—Fem. עֶגְלָה heifer. Sotah 7, 2 פרשת ע׳ ערופה the verses to be read at the ceremony of breaking the heifer’s neck (Deuteronomy 21, 7 and the following). the same place (ibid.) 9, 7 (47ᵇ) אם נערפה הע׳ וכ׳ if the murderer was found after the heifer’s neck was broken. Bereshith Rabbah section 44 הראה לו … ע׳ ערופה the Lord showed Abraham the ceremony of etc. Sotah 45ᵃ מדידת ע׳ the measuring which is done for the ceremony of etc. (to ascertain the nearest town). Parah 1, 1 ע׳ בת שנתה וכ׳ heifer (mentioned in the Law) means one not yet one year old, and cow means one two years old; and frequently ↗ original

עֲגַל 2 see עֵיגַל ↗ original

עֲגַל 3 (עֲגַל) [rolling,] swiftness; בע׳, לע׳ very soon, swiftly, suddenly. Targum Job 20, 5. Targum Proverbs 29, 1. Targum 2 Esther 6, 10 בע׳ בע׳ make haste.—Berachoth 18ᵇ דלע׳ קא אתית because thou shalt soon come (to us, the dead). Sanhedrin 52ᵃ כי היכי דלישרוף לע׳ in order that he may be burnt to death so much sooner; Pesachim 75ᵃ כי היכי דתימות בע׳ (Oxford manuscript לעגל) that she may die the sooner; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 630; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֶגְלָא 1 heifer, see עֶגְלְתָא. ↗ original

עֶגְלָא 2 wagon, see עֲגַלְתָּא I. ↗ original

עִגְלָה , בְּרֵיכַת ע׳ the Pond of ‘Igla. Targum Jeremiah 31, 38 (edition Lagarde edition עיגליא; Hebrew text גֹּעָה). ↗ original

עֶגְלָה heifer, see עֵגֶל. ↗ original

עֲגָלָה [roller,] wagon. Betzah 2, 10 ע׳ של קטן children’s wagon. Shabbath 5, 4 בע׳ שתחת וכ׳ with the little wagon under the tail (to protect the latter from friction, see חֲמַט 2); and elsewhere—plural עֲגָלוֹת. Kelim 24, 2 שלש ע׳ הן וכ׳ there are three classes of wagons (with regard to levitical cleanness), one shaped like a cathedra; like a couch …, and one for stones (loads). Bereshith Rabbah section 95; and elsewhere—Esp. עֲגָלָה the constellation called Charles’ Wain (Ursa Major). Pesachim 94ᵇ ↗ original

עֲגַלְתָּא 1 Targum Onkelos Numbers 7, 3 עֲגַלְ׳ edition Berlin edition (other edition a. Yerushalmi (prefix) עֶגְלְתָא, עִגְ׳; manuscript 2 עֵגְלָא). Targum Isaiah 28, 27 (edition Lagarde edition עגלה); the same place (ibid.) 28; and elsewhere—Esp. Charles’ Wain. Berachoth 58ᵇ bottom of the page רישא דע׳ the head-star of the Wain; [Rashi: the head of the Ox (Taurus)].—plural עַגְלָן, עֵ׳, עַגְלָתָא. Targum Onkelos Genesis 45, 21. the same place (ibid.) 27 (edition Vienna edition עֲגַלָּ׳). Targum Psalms 46, 10 manuscript (edition תריסיא עגילין round shields). ↗ original

עֲגַלְתָּא 2 = Hebrew עוֹגֶל, basin. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, 6ᵃ bottom of the page מיתן … גו ע׳ to put the bottle of oil into a basin (of hot water), see נַטְלָא. ↗ original

עֶגְלְתָא feminine = Hebrew עֶגְלָה. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 15, 9. Targum Deuteronomy 21, 4 (O. edition Berlin edition עֲגַלְתָּא). Targum Onkelos the same place (ibid.) 3 עֶגְלַת (edition Berlin edition עַגְלַת; Yerushalmi (prefix) עֵיגְלָת). Targum Hosea 10, 11; and elsewhere—5. עֵיגַל ↗ original

עָגַם to be bent, weighed down. participle passive עָגוּם; feminine עֲגוּמָה; (compare כָּפַף, כָּפַת) a) pressed down, tied. Bamidbar Rabbah section 10 לשונו ע׳ his (the drunken man’s) tongue is tied.—Transferred (of a woman) עֲגוּמָה tied to an absent husband, prevented from marrying (compare עָגַן). Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 6, 23ᶜ עד מתי … ואני יושבת ע׳ בביתי how long yet shall my husband dwell with thee (Alexandria), and I (Jerusalem) sit a living widow in my house; Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 77ᵈ ע׳ עליו … tied (lonely) for his sake.—b) bent down, grieving. Vayikra Rabbah section 1 היתה נפשו של משה ע׳ עליו Moses’ soul within him grieved. Vayikra Rabbah section 34 שנפשן ע׳ עליהן who are in grief. Berachoth 55ᵇ הרואה חלום ונפשו ע׳ he who has had a dream and is worried about it; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֲגַם Targum Job 30, 25.—participle passive עָגִים; feminine עֲגִימָא, עֲגִימָה; plural עֲגִימָן. Targum Ruth 1, 13 (Hebrew text תעגנה).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 3, 74ᵃ top מן גו דנפשהון ע׳ וכ׳ since they will grieve (because they are deprived of the reading of the Law), they will go and buy another scroll. ↗ original

עַגְמָה (the preceding) grief, see אַגְמָה. ↗ original

עָגַן see עָגַם) to bend; to tie.—5. עוֹגֵין.—participle passive feminine עֲגוּנָה tied to an absent husband, deserted wife. Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 4, beginning 45ᶜ שלא תהא יושבת ע׳ that she may not remain a deserted wife (prevented from marrying again); and frequently—plural עֲגוּנוֹת. Ruth Rabbah to 1, 13 (referring to תעגנה, the same place (ibid.)) יכולות … יושבות ע׳ לבלתי וכ׳ can you afford to sit tied, so as not to get married? Gittin 33ᵃ, and frequently מפני תקנת ע׳ as a measure in favor of deserted wives (that they may be enabled to marry again). Vayikra Rabbah section 20 הרבה נשים היו יושבות ע׳ ממתינות להם many women (to whom they had made love) remained unmarried, waiting for them (to propose); Tanchuma Aḥăré 6; and elsewhere—Transferred (of animals in the stable) left lonely. Tosefta Bava Kamma 8, 12 מהו לגדל בהמה … מקיימין את הע׳ שלשים יום how about rearing (for consumption, see Bava Kamma 80ᵃ) small cattle in Palestine?… That which remains last (after the others have been disposed of) should be kept (no more than) thirty days; Bava Kamma 80ᵃ ובלבד שלא ישהה הע׳ שבהן שלשים יום (Tosefta the passage cited האחרונה) provided he do not keep the last of them over thirty days. *. עִגֵּן to press against; to smooth. Tosefta Terumoth 10, 4 מְעַגֶּנֶת שערה בשערה variant reading edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) מְעַנֶּגֶת, see עָנַג; other edition מְעַגֶּלֶת, see עָגַל) she may smooth her own hair by rubbing it against her (the priest’s daughter’s) hair. ↗ original

עֲגַן , to press, tie; to seclude, imprison. Targum Isaiah 24, 22 וִיעַגְנוּנוּן וכ׳ and they shall press them into the prison house (edition Lagarde edition ויגונונון, edition Venice ויגינונון, contracted of ויַעְגִּינוּ׳ Af'el(?); Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) ויִעַגְּנוּן Ithpaal; Hebrew text סֻגְּרוּ).—participle passive עָגִין; plural עֲגִינִין. the same place (ibid.) 42, 7. the same place (ibid.) 22, see next word the same place (ibid.) 49, 9. Pa'el פִּעֵל עַגֵּן to make lonely, desert (a wife). Gittin 26ᵇ ומְעַגַּן ומותיב לה he might desert her. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְעַגֵּן, אִיעַגֵּן to be secluded, tied up; (of a woman) to be prevented from marrying, be an עֲגוּנָה. Bava Metzia 19ᵃ משום דלא תִתְעַגֵּן ותתיב הוא Munich manuscript (edition תעגין, correct accordingly) it was done in order that she might not remain a widow in life. ↗ original

עַגְנָא (the preceding) solitude, prison. Targum Isaiah 24, 22 לבית ע׳, see the preceding the same place (ibid.) 42, 22 עַגְנְהוֹן Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (Regia עַגְנֵיהוֹן plural; edition Lagarde edition עִיגּוּנְהוֹן; edition Vilna edition עֲגִינִין, see the preceding). ↗ original

עַגְעַג to roll, see גַּעְגַּע. ↗ original

עִגְּרוֹן (עָגַר = אָגַר) = אִגְּרוּ, apt for storage, superior (wheat). Tosefta Demai 4, 23 (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) אֵגֹרִי, see אֵגוֹרִי); Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 5, 54ᵃ אגרון. ↗ original

עֲגַשׁ (dial. for נְגַשׁ; compare Pesh. Exodus 21, 29; 36) to attack, gore. participle feminine עֲגִישָׁא. Bereshith Rabbah section 80, beginning Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see נְגַשׁ. ↗ original

עַד turn, continuation; (preposition) up to, until, during, while; in place of. Bava Metzia 87ᵃ; Sanhedrin 107ᵇ עד אברהם up to Abraham’s time, see זִקְנָה. Bava Kamma 55ᵃ עד שאתה שואלני וכ׳ during the time that etc., instead of asking me etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 58 עד שלא ישקיע וכ׳ before yet the Lord causes the sun of one righteous man to set, he causes that of another to rise. Kiddushin 29ᵇ עד כ׳ שנה until a person is twenty years old. the same place (ibid.) 31ᵃ עד היכן כיבוד וכ׳ how far does the duty of honoring parents go?; and very frequently—Berachoth 26ᵇ (referring to the same place (ibid.) 4, 1 ‘up to four hours’) עד וָעַד בכלל וכ׳ does it mean ‘up to’, and that ‘up to’ included, i.e. including the whole fourth hour of the day, or excluding the fourth hour? Niddah 58ᵇ לימא בעד ועד בכלל קמיפלגי shall we say, their difference turns on the question whether ‘until’ is meant to include or to exclude the terminus? the same place (ibid.) איכא עד ועד בכלל ואיכא עד ולא עד בכלל sometimes ‘until’ means inclusive of, and sometimes exclusive of. the same place (ibid.) קמיפלגי בעד ועד דהכא they differ as to the meaning of the word ‘until’ in this case (in the Mishnah); and frequently—בַּעַד, בְּעַד (compare עֲבוּר) in behalf of, for, about. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 4 וכי … הפונדק בַּעֲדֵינוּ (our word missing in edition Buber edition) has that innkeeper opened his shop for the first time today, for our benefit? Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 12 שאל בַּעֲדוֹ וכ׳ he inquired about him, where is he?; and elsewhere—וָעֶד, see עוֹלָם. ↗ original

עַד ² Targum Genesis 2, 5. the same place (ibid.) 14, 14; and very frequently—Bava Bathra 21ᵃ עד שית לא תקביל up to six years of age admit no child to school. Bereshith Rabbah section 44ᵃ, and elsewhere עד דסנדלך, see כּוּבָּא I. Echah Rabbah to 3, 20 עד דשמינא וכ׳, see חֲשִׁיךְ 2; and frequently ↗ original

עֹד see עוֹד ↗ original

עד , Targum Onkelos Leviticus 11, 13 edition Amsterdam edition, see עַר. ↗ original

עֵד [present, confirming,] (compare סהד) witness, evidence. Chullin 10ᵇ, and elsewhere עד אחד נאמן וכ׳ in matters of ritual the statement of one witness is sufficient. Bechoroth 36ᵃ, and elsewhere עד מפי עד a witness testifying to what he has heard from an eye-witness. Rosh Hashanah 26, and elsewhere אין עד נעשה דיין a witness in the case cannot act as judge. Kethuboth 21ᵇ עד נעשה דיין a witness may act as judge; and very frequently—plural עֵדִים. the same place (ibid.) דיינים המכירין חתימות ידי ע׳ if the judges know (can identify) the signatures of the witnesses to a document. the same place (ibid.) 2, 3 הע׳ שאמרו וכ׳ if witnesses declare, this is our signature, but we have been forced etc. the same place (ibid.) 5 אם יש ע׳ וכ׳ if there is evidence that she was a married woman.—Kiddushin 48ᵃ, and frequently עידֵי חתימה, ע׳ מסירה, see כְּרַת; and very frequently—Transferred evidence, proof. Shabbath 81ᵃ אם יש עליה עד (euphem.) if there is an evidence (stain of excrements) on it. Bava Kamma 11ᵃ top (referring to Exodus 22, 12) יביא עד עורה Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אדורה, עדודה, see אָדַר) he shall offer in evidence its hide.—Esp. a piece of cloth used by women for ascertaining their condition of cleanness or uncleanness. Niddah 8, 4 עד שהוא נתון וכ׳ if an examining rag (after use) has been put under the cushion etc. the same place (ibid.) 14ᵇ; 12ᵃ משל לשמש ועד וכ׳ to speak allegorically (euphemistically), the servant and the examiner stand by the side of the threshold etc. (see שַׁמָּשׁ). the same place (ibid.) זהו עֵדָן של צנועות (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) עֵידָן) this (special) rag is that of the chaste women; and frequently—plural as ab. the same place (ibid.) 1, 7. the same place (ibid.) 2, 1; and frequently ↗ original

עֵדָא , see עֵידָא ↗ original

עֲדָא , see עֲדֵי ↗ original

עָדָא 1 feminine = אָדָא I. Bechoroth 45ᵇ ע׳ אמרה this proves. Pesachim 53ᵇ ע׳ תהא let it be this (I admit).—5. עָדֵי I ↗ original

עָדָא 2 (עֲדֵי 2) plunderer.—plural עָדַיָּא. Targum Jeremiah 30, 16. ↗ original

עֲדָאָה (the preceding) booty, spoil. Targum Onkelos Numbers 31, 11, and the following Targum I Samuel 30, 16; and frequently ↗ original

עַדְבָא (עדב, עדו; compare עָדַף) [rolling; compare גּוֹרָל] lot, share. Targum Onkelos Genesis 49, 21. Targum Deuteronomy 32, 9. Targum Esther 9, 24 עדווא edition Lagarde edition Targum Song of Songs 8, 11 עִידְבֵיה (variant reading עִידְוֵיה).—plural עַדְבִין, עַדְבַיָּא. Targum I Samuel 14, 42. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 18, 7; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֵדָה 1 [appointed meeting,] assembly, congregation; court; prayer meeting. Tosefta Sanhedrin 12, 3 (referring to Exodus 21, 18) מה אגרוף הידוע לע׳ ילעדים וכ׳ as the fist (of the slayer) is ascertained before court and witnesses, so must the stone (weapon) be etc.; Bava Kamma 90ᵇ; the same place (ibid.) 91ᵃ. Sanhedrin 1, 6 (referring to Numbers 35, 24, and the following) ע׳ שופטת וע׳ מצלת there must be a possibility of an incriminating assembly (of ten persons), and of a saving assembly, which makes twenty persons; ומנין לע׳ שהיא וכ׳ and where do we find an intimation that an ‘edah consists of ten?; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 11ᶜ top; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 2, end, 53ᵈ; Koheleth Rabbah to 9, 9; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 989 ע׳ קדושה the holy brotherhood. ↗ original

*עֵדָה 2 = עֵדוּת, testimony. Tosefta Bechoroth 3, 8 שכר עֵדָתוֹ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (other edition עדותו) pay for his testimony.—plural עֵדוֹת. Bechoroth 4, 6 (29ᵃ) עֵדוֹתָיו בטילין masc. (variant reading in Mishnah edition עדותו בטילה) his testimonies are void; (Kiddushin 58ᵇ עדותו בטילה). ↗ original

עַדְוָא , see עַדְבָא ↗ original

עִדּוּי , see sub עִידּ׳. ↗ original

עֵדוּת see עֵד) testimony, evidence. Berachoth 14ᵇ כאילו מעיד ע׳ וכ׳ as if offering evidence of falsehood against himself. Sukkah 29ᵃ מעידי ע׳ שקר those who give false witness. Shabbath 22ᵇ (referring to Leviticus 24, 3) ע׳ היא לבאי עולם וכ׳ it (the light in the Temple) is an evidence to mankind that the Divine Presence dwells in Israel; Menachoth 86ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) מאי עֵדוּתָהּ how did it give evidence (of the Divine Presence)?; Shabbath the passage cited מאי עדות (correct accordingly, as Munich manuscript). Makkoth 5ᵃ גופה של ע׳ (not עדיות) the testimony to the fact itself, see סָרָה. the same place (ibid.) 1, 7 אם מתקיימת הע׳ בשנים וכ׳ if an evidence is legally established by two witnesses, why does the Scripture mention three? the same place (ibid.) 8 מה שנים … עֵדוּתָן בטלה וכ׳ as in the case of two witnesses, if one of them is found out to be a relative or a disqualified witness, their testimony is void, so in the case of three etc.—Shemoth Rabbah section 41 מה כלה … כל מי שיודע לי ע׳ וכ׳ as the bride … on entering her chamber (in procession) uncovers her face, as if saying, whoever knows any evidence against me, let him come …, so must the scholar etc.; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 391; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 11 וזו עֵדוּתִי מעידה עלי and this (procession) is my testimonial testifying for me; and very frequently—Transferred (see סַהֲדוּ) tokens of virginity. Bereshith Rabbah section 60 ממקום עֵדוּתָן Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition ערותן) at the seat of virginity. Bereshith Rabbah section 45; section 51 הוציאו עדותן Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 79 ערותן).—plural עֵדָיוֹת. Makkoth 1, 9 הרי אלו שתי ע׳ these are two testimonies (two independent sets of witnesses); and frequently—‘Eduyoth, name of a treatise, of the Order of N’ziḳin, of the Mishnah and Tosefta, containing statements of traditional deliveries and rules. Berachoth 28ᵃ ע׳ בו ביום נשנית on that day ‘Eduyoth was taught. ↗ original

עדי [to turn, pass; compare סוּר and חוּל,] to pass by; to pass away, see next word Hof. הֻפְעַל הוּעֲדָה to be passed, be caught in passing. Vayikra Rabbah section 26 (referring to I Samuel 24, 11, a. 26, 14) בכנף אמרת בסירה ה׳ … בסירה הוּעֲדוּ as to the skirt (of Saul’s cloak) thou saidst, it was caught in a bush: have the spear and the cruise also been caught in the bush?; Bamidbar Rabbah section 19 הוּעֲדַת (read the second time הועדו); Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 7; Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 133, and elsewhere; (Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 1, 16ᵃ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 1, 17ᵇ הוערת, הוערו, הערת, see עָרָה). ↗ original

עֲדֵי (corresp. to Hebrew עָבַר) to pass by, between etc. Targum Onkelos Genesis 15, 17 עָדָא edition Berlin edition (edition Vienna edition די עֲדָא; edition Amsterdam edition עברא). Targum Isaiah 45, 14 יֶעְדּוּן (edition Lagarde edition יעידון). Targum 2 Kings 4, 8 מֵיעִידוֹהִי edition Lagarde edition (other edition מְעִיד׳; frequently עוּד); and frequently—participle עָדֵי, עֲדֵי; plural עָדָן. Targum Isaiah 44, 22. Targum Jeremiah 9, 11 edition Lagarde edition (other edition יתיב, correct accordingly). Targum Ezekiel 39, 14, and the following; and frequently—Kiddushin 33ᵃ כמה … עֲדוּ עלייהו וכ׳ how many vicissitudes have passed over these (old men); Rosh Hashanah 16ᵃ, see הַרְפַּתְקָא. (corresp. to Hebrew סוּר מ־) to pass away, cease. Targum Onkelos Genesis 49, 10. Targum 2 Chronicles 35, 15. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 4, 9 יְעִידּוֹן edition Berlin edition (other יְעִידוּן); and frequently—Yoma 53ᵇ לא יַעְדֵּי וכ׳ (frequently Genesis 49, 10). to carry, become pregnant, see below. Bereshith Rabbah section 23 (play on עדה, Genesis 4, 19) דעֲדָה מיניה because she was with child of him. Pa'el פִּעֵל עַדֵּי to remove. Betzah 32ᵇ עַדּוּיֵי חושכא, see מָחַט. (compare עָבַר Pi'el) to carry, be pregnant, conceive. Targum Onkelos Genesis 4, 1 (Yerushalmi (prefix) Af'el). Targum Onkelos Leviticus 12, 2 (edition Berachoth תַעְדֵּי Af'el; edition Vienna edition תְעָדֵי; Yerushalmi (prefix) תָּעֲדֵי, correct accordingly); and frequently—participle passive feminine מְעַדְיָא; plural מְעַדְיָאתָא, מְעַדְיָיתָא [made to carry,] pregnant. Targum Onkelos Genesis 16, 11. Targum Jeremiah 4, 31. Targum Amos 1, 13. Targum Lamentations 1, 16; and frequently Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְעַדָּא, , Ittaf. אִתַּעְדָּא, אִתַּעְדֵּי (corresp. to Hebrew הוסר) to be removed. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 4, 31 (Yerushalmi (prefix) אִתְעָדָא). the same place (ibid.) 35 (Yerushalmi (prefix) אִתְעָדָא; edition Amsterdam edition אִתְעֲדָא). Targum Isaiah 17, 1. Targum 2 Esther 1, 1, beginning; and elsewhere ↗ original

עדי ² to strip. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶעֱדָה same, to take off. Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Ḥan. 1) יום … ה׳ מהן וכ׳ on the day Nebuchadnezzar came in conflict with Israel, he deprived them of two garments, the garment of priesthood and the garment of royalty. ↗ original

עֲדֵי ² , to strip, tear; to make spoil. Targum Isaiah 10, 6. Targum Ezekiel 38, 12, and the following; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֲדִי 1 (the preceding) spoil. Targum Isaiah 33, 23 (edition Vilna edition עָדֵי). Targum Joshua 11, 14 (edition Vilna edition עֲדֵי construct state); and elsewhere—5. עֲדָאָה, עֲדִיתָא.—[5. עָדֵי 2.] ↗ original

עֲדִי 2 that which is carried or put on, cloak, ornament. Megillah 12ᵇ bottom of the page, see כָּתַר. Esther Rabbah to 5, 1 ע׳ תפארתה her cloak of state. the same place (ibid.) סומכת עֶדְיָהּ supporting her cloak (trail); and elsewhere—plural עֲדָיִים. Avodah Zarah 24ᵇ מפוארת בעדי ע׳ adorned with the choicest ornaments. ↗ original

עָדִי ‘Adi. Avodah Zarah 33ᵃ; Menachoth 69ᵇ, see טַיְיעָא. ↗ original

עָדֵי 1 (see עָדָא I) here is, here are. Berachoth 42ᵃ ע׳ כפנא this is (what we call) hunger. Gittin 45ᵃ, see גּוּבְרָא. Menachoth 34ᵃ ע׳ פצימין Munich manuscript (edition פצימו, read: פצימיו) here (these extremities of the wall) are its posts. ↗ original

עָדֵי 2 (עֲדֵי I), sub נהורא, passing light, flash. Targum Zechariah 14, 6 (some edition עֲדִי; Hebrew text יקרות, see Rashi ad loc. (on the passage); Pesh. עריא cold, Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 2977).—5. עֲדִי I.] ↗ original

עָ׳ עַדְיָא (the preceding) a passing eruption, rash, scurf. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 13, 2, and elsewhere (Hebrew text ספחת). the same place (ibid.) 6, and elsewhere (Hebrew text מספחת).—[Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 14, 12 edition Amsterdam edition עדיא, see עַרְיָא.] ↗ original

עדיין , Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 6, 6 some edition, read: אִידַּיַין, see דִּין I Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original

עֲדַיִין = אֱדַיִין. Shabbath 88ᵇ; Gittin 36ᵇ, see חֲבִיבוּתָא; Yalkut Shimoni Song of Songs 983 עֲדַיִן. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 5, see זִיו; and frequently ↗ original

עדילרין , see עַרְדִּילִין ↗ original

עֲדַיִן , see עֲדַיִין ↗ original

עדינין , see עִידּוֹן ↗ original

עָדִיף (עָדַף) ample, liberal. Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 876 טובך ע׳ על כל באי עולם יַעְדֹּף וכ׳ thy goodness is ample towards all those entering the world, let thy goodness be ample towards me, and teach me thy law. better, preferable, see next word ↗ original

עָדִיף ² (the preceding) more, better, preferable. Targum Psalms 45, 3.—Megillah 3ᵇ מקרא מגילה ע׳ the reading of the M’gillah takes precedence; מת מצוה ע׳ the burial of a dead person without relatives (see מִצְוָה) takes precedence. Yevamoth 39ᵃ חליצת גדול ע׳ the discharge of the Y’bamah (see חֲלִיצָה) by the elder brother is preferable; ביאת קטון ע׳ the marriage of the Y’bamah to the younger brother is preferable; and frequently—plural עֲדִיפֵי. Megillah 3ᵃ אינהו ע׳ מיניה they (Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi) rank higher than he (Daniel); and frequently–With personal pronoun to be better etc. Bava Metzia 101ᵇ לא עֲדִיפַת מינאי thou hast no more rights than I have. Kethuboth 103ᵇ לא עֲדִיפְנָא ממשה וכ׳ I am not more than Moses our teacher; and frequently ↗ original

עֲדִירָה (עָדַר) hoeing.—plural עֲדִירוֹת. Koheleth Rabbah to 2, 23 עדור לי שתי ע׳ do for me the hoeing of two fields; Bereshith Rabbah section 27 עִדְרִיּוֹת (frequently עֲדֶרֶת). ↗ original

עדירין , Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 6, 30ᵈ top אשכחינון ע׳ edition Krot., read ערירין, see עֲרַר I ↗ original

עֲדִישָׁא ʿĂdisha (Khadija), legendary wife of Ishmael. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 21, 21. ↗ original

עָדִיתָא feminine, see עַדְיָא ↗ original

עָדִיתָא ² (see עֲדָאָה) booty, spoil. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 31, 11, and the following (edition Amsterdam edition ער׳, correct accordingly). Targum Proverbs 16, 19.—Echah Rabbah to 2, 13 (referring to אעידך, the same place (ibid.)), see בִּיזָּא 2. choice dwelling, see עִידִּיתָא. ↗ original

עֲדָל , see אֲדָל ↗ original

עִדָּן , see עִידָּן ↗ original

עָדַן (Biblical Hebrew) [to turn, see עוּד,] to be round, smooth, pliant. Pi'el עִידֵּן to make pliant; to bend. Moed Katan 16ᵇ (play on עדינו, 2 Samuel 23, 8) כשהיה … היה מְעַדֵּן עצמו וכ׳ when sitting and studying the Law, he made himself pliant like a worm, opposite מקשה עצמו stiffening one’s self. to smooth, lubricate, to improve (the complexion); to refresh, invigorate. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 2 מה שמן מְעַדֵּן … מְעַדְּנִים וכ׳ as oil brightens the appearance of the head and the body, so the words of the Law etc. Pesachim 43ᵃ משיר … ומעדן את הבשר makes the hair fall out and improves the complexion. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 6, 10ᵇ top אשר … מעדנים לעַדֵּן בהן וכ׳ who created all sorts of delicacies to refresh therewith the soul etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 16 עִדְּנוֹ מכל אילני וכ׳ he nursed him (with fruits) of all the trees of the garden of Eden; the same place (ibid.) לעַדְּנוֹ וכ׳ he had intended to nurse him etc. Shabbath 33ᵇ מרחצאות לעַדֵּן בהן עצמן (Munich manuscript לֵעָרֵן בהן; Yalkut Shimoni manuscript להִתְעַדֵּן, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) (the Romans have erected baths) for their own enjoyment (not for the benefit of the people); Avodah Zarah 2ᵇ; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 316. Sifré Deuteronomy 306 כל זמן … היו מערבים ומעדנים ומפנקים וכ׳ as long as my son does my will, humor him, nurse him and indulge him and give him to eat and to drink; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 942 היו מְעַדְּנִין וכ׳. Sifré the passage cited מה רביבים … ומעדנים וכ׳ as the rains come down on the plants and brighten them and embellish them etc.; Yalkut Shimoni l. c; and frequently—participle passive מְעוּדָּן a) well-nursed, graceful. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 9, end, 41ᶜ (referring to 2 Samuel 1, 24) אין תכשיט … גוף מע׳ ornamentation becomes only a well-nursed (graceful) body.—b) indulged, used to luxuries. Mechilta Mishpatim section 8 אם היה מרוכך מע׳ מפונק if the wounded man was delicately reared, used to comfort and luxuries; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 339. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶעֱדִין to surround, bind, connect. Bereshith Rabbah section 10 (referring to Job 38, 31 מעדנות וכ׳) כימה מַעֲדֶנֶת וכ׳ the Kimah binds (gives substance and shape to) the fruits; compare מָזַר. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעַדֵּן, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְעַדֵּן to be made smooth, pliable; to be rejuvenated; to be nursed, recover strength. Bava Bathra 120ᵃ נ׳ הבשר ונתפשטו וכ׳ the body was again made smooth, the wrinkles of age were straightened out, and beauty returned etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 165. Shabbath 33ᵇ, see above. Nedarim 8ᵇ מִתְעַדְּנִין בה the righteous will be rejuvenated by it (by basking in the sun). Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Haḥod., p. 102ᵃ יִתְעַדֵּן בני וכ׳ let my son be nursed with food and drink for two or three months; יִתְעַדְּנוּ בני וכ׳ let my children be nursed etc.; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 5; Koheleth Rabbah to 3, 11; and frequently ↗ original

עֵדֶן the preceding) refreshment, pleasure; especially ע׳ or גַּן עֵ׳ (abbreviated or abbreviation ג"ע) the garden of Eden; paradise (of the hereafter). Bereshith Rabbah section 15 (referring to Genesis 2, 8) גן גדול מע׳ the garden was larger than Eden, see גַּן. Bereshith Rabbah section 16 מכל אילני ג"ע, see the preceding Berachoth 34ᵇ גן לחוד וע׳ לחוד the garden and Eden are two distinct things. Pesachim 54ᵃ שבעה דברים … וג"ע וכ׳ seven things were created before the world was made: the Law, repentance, paradise, Gehenna, etc. Berachoth the passage cited (referring to Isaiah 64, 3) זה ע׳ שלא וכ׳ that is Eden which no living creature’s eye has ever seen; Sanhedrin 99ᵃ. Pesachim 94ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original

עֵדֶן ² Targum Genesis 2, 8. Targum Job 38, 18; and frequently ↗ original

עדן Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 4, 65ᵈ bottom of the page, see מושהן ↗ original

עֶדְנָה [rejuvenation,] (in homilet.) (see עֲדִי 2) ornaments. Bereshith Rabbah section 48 (referring to Genesis 18, 12) היתה לי ע׳ תכשיטים נאים וכ׳ ‘I should have ‘ednah’ (= עדי נאה), beautiful finery (to make me attractive) (referring to Ezekiel 16, 11).—2) period, menses. the same place (ibid.), see עִידּוֹן. ↗ original

עָדַף (Biblical Hebrew) [to be lax, hang over,] to be abundant; to be larger, more, better. Sifra K’dosh. beginning יכול שכבוד האב עוֹדֵף וכ׳ you might think that honoring the father was more important than etc. Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 876 יַעֲדֹף, see עָדִיף Hebrew Middoth 4, 7 האולם עוֹדֵף עליו וכ׳ the hall extended beyond it (the Hekhal) fifteen cubits to the north etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 2, 58ᵇ top [read:] אילו אמר בעיבור הייתי אומר … שההמה עוֹדֶפֶת וכ׳ if he had said b’‘ibbur (by intercalation), I might have said, this refers to the eleven days by which the solar year is larger than the lunar year. Eruvin 83ᵃ סאה של ירושלמית עודפת וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition יתירה) the Jerusalem S’ah is larger than … by etc.; and elsewhere Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶעְדִּיף to do more (than enough); to be liberal. Kiddushin 63ᵃ, and elsewhere שמא תַעְדִּיף יתר וכ׳ she might do more work for him than is due to him. Tosefta Bava Metzia 4, 14 אע"פ שמַעְדִּיפִין זה על זה although one of the partners does more business than the other (they are liberal towards one another). Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 5, 24ᶜ המַעְדִּיף על מעשרותיו he who adds to his tithes (gives more than one-tenth; Tosefta Demai 8, 13 המרבה במעשרות); and elsewhere ↗ original

עֲדַף , see עָדִיף Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original

עֲדַק (see אֲדַק) to be fastened, stick to. participle passive עָדִיק. Gittin 78ᵃ דע׳ ליה בחרציה וכ׳ Musafia (see Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) Aruch Completum (Kohut) under the word עויק; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) עויק, עייק, correct accordingly; edition דערק לה וכ׳, see below) when it (the letter of divorce) sticks in his belt, and she takes it out. Pa'el פִּעֵל עַדֵּיק, עַדֵּק to bring close to. the same place (ibid.) דע׳ לה חרציה וכ׳ (edition דערק, correct accordingly) when he pressed his loins (the belt in which the letter of divorce was sticking) close to her, and she took the letter out. to seize, overtake. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 28, 45 (edition Vienna edition ויערק׳, correct accordingly), see אֲדַק. *. אַעְדִּיק to squeeze out, push away. Targum Proverbs 16, 28 variant reading, see עֲרַק. ↗ original

עֲדָק 1 a perforated vessel, see אֲרָק. ↗ original

עֲדָק 2 (עדק; compare חָדַק, a. the preceding words) something squeezed together, compress. Shabbath 54ᵇ טומנין לה ע׳ וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition עֲזָק; Oxford manuscript עֲרָק, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 70) we dip a compress in oil for her and put it etc.—plural עֲדָקִין. the same place (ibid.) שני ע׳ בשמן (not של שמן; edition עֲזָקִין, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 90).—[עדקין, Targum Ezek. 27, 19 some edition, see עַרְקָא.—Sanhedrin 11ᵇ, see דַּעְדַּק.] ↗ original

עָדַר to strip.—participle passive עָדוּר; feminine עֲדוּרָה, see אָדַר. to pluck, clear (of weeds); to hoe; to pick (figs, compare אָרָה); [Biblical Hebrew also: to sift an army, to discharge the unfit etc., to muster out, see I Chronicles 12, 34; 39]. Nega'im 2, 4; Sifra Thazr., Nega'im, Parah 3, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 4 כעוֹדֵר in the position of one hoeing; כעודר בבית הסתרים the position of one hoeing is required for the examination of the posteriors. Tosefta Maasroth 2, 14 פועלים שהיו עוֹדְרִין בתאנים laborers engaged in picking figs; Bava Metzia 89ᵇ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אורין, see אָרָה). the same place (ibid.) לַעֲדוֹר ולקשקש וכ׳ Rashi (edition לעַדֵּר, Pi'el) to hoe and to cover up the roots of olive trees. Bava Kamma 119ᵇ עוֹדְרֵי ירקות engaged in thinning vegetables (compare דָּלַל); and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל עִדֵּר same. Tosefta Maasroth 2, 13 מְעַדְּרִין בשדה engaged in hoeing a field. Bereshith Rabbah section 82 better is he who rents one field ומזבלה ומְעַדְּרָהּ וכ׳ and manures and hoes it etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 3, end, 51ᵃ והוא שעי׳ רובה provided he broke the ground of the larger portion of the court; and frequently—[Tosefta Makhshirin 1, 3 מעודר, edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) מעודרון, see עוּד.] Nif'al נִפְעַל נֶעֱדַר, נֶעְדַּר to be hoed, to be prepared for tillage. Yerushalmi (prefix) the passage cited והיא שתהא נעדרת provided the ground of the court has been broken (before sowing). the same place (ibid.) 50ᵈ bottom of the page חצר שהיא נעדרת ונזרעת Rabbenu Shimshon to Maasroth 3, 9 (edition only נעדרת) a court which has been hoed up and planted with seeds; and elsewhere to be cast out, rejected, banished. Sotah 9, 15 (49ᵇ) והאמת תהא נעדרת and Truth shall be banished (frequently Isaiah 59, 15); Sanhedrin 97ᵃ; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 13; see עֵדֶר. to withdraw one’s self, fail. Vayikra Rabbah section 31; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 19; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 673 (explained Zephaniah, Book of 3, 5), see פְּסַק. ↗ original

עֲדַר 1 , to hoe; (of chickens) to pick. Vayikra Rabbah section 25 זיל עֲדוֹר וכ׳ go and pick in thy own dunghill; Yalkut Shimoni Job 925. Pa'el פִּעֵל עַדֵּר same. Vayikra Rabbah the passage cited ומְעַדְּרָה קדמיהון (not ומעדרנה) and she (the mother) picks for them; Yalkut Shimoni the passage cited (not ומעררה). ↗ original

עֲדַר 2 = Hebrew עָזַר, to help. Targum Proverbs 13, 12 דמשרי למְעַדְרֵיה (edition Lagarde edition a. other דמשדי) who begins to help himself (see Pesh. a. 70). Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְעֲדַר to be helped. the same place (ibid.) 18, 19 דמִתְעֲדַר (other edition דמתעוי; see Pesh. a. 70). ↗ original

עֵדֶר enclosure, pen, fold; herd, flock. Oholoth 8, 1 ע׳ בהמה וכ׳ clean or unclean beasts closely penned; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 9, 1; [Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word אדר, edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) under the word אדורה, 1, p. 39ᵃ, explains our word: hide, see עָדַר 1, a. עָדַד]. Yoma 34ᵇ; 70ᵇ; Megillah 28ᵃ אחד מיוחד שבעֶדְרוֹ ‘one’ (Numbers 28, 4) means one singled out (the best) of its fold. Bechoroth 24ᵃ הנכנס לתוך עדרו וכ׳ if one enters his pen at night. Nazir 5, 3 תצא ותרעה בע׳ let it go and be fed in the fold (as a profane animal). Yoma 61ᵇ, and the following וכי עדרו משלח … וכי עדרו שורף shall one send off his whole flock (of goats)?… shall one burn etc.?; and frequently—plural עֲדָרִים, עֲדָרִין. Shemoth Rabbah section 1 באין ע׳ ע׳ וכ׳ they came to their homes in flocks; א"ת עדי עדיים אלא עֶדְרֵי ע׳ read not (Ezekiel 16, 7) ʿădi ʿădayim (choice attractions) but ‘edré ʿădarim (flocks after flocks). Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 13 (referring to Isaiah 59, 5) להיכן הולכת … ויושבת ע׳ ע׳ במדבר whither does banished Truth go (see עָדַר)? She goes and sits down in groups (of eremites) in the desert; Sanhedrin 97ᵃ; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 357; and frequently—Tosefta Eduy. 3, 2 נוחרין היו עֲדָרוֹת וכ׳ they stabbed entire herds in the camp. (see, however, עָרוֹד).—מִגְדַּל עֵדֶר (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a place Migdal Eder (Fold Tower), between Bethlehem and Jerusalem. Shekalim 7, 4; Kiddushin 55ᵃ ↗ original

עַדְרָא , fold, pen; herd, flock. Targum Genesis 32, 17; and frequently—Targum Psalms 50, 9 עֲדָרָךְ (edition Vilna edition עֶדְרָךְ; manuscript עדראך; Hebrew text מכלאת׳).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 2, 58ᵇ top תור באדר בעֲדָרֵיה ימות (not בעדרייה) when in Adar the ox dies in his pen (from cold); Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 1, 18ᶜ bottom of the page בעריה (correct accordingly; see Babylonian Sanhedrin 18ᵇ). ↗ original

עִדְרִיּוֹת , see עֲדִירָה ↗ original

עד"ש , see דצ"ך ↗ original

עֶדֶשׁ masculine, see next word ↗ original

עֲדָשָׁה ) lentil. Nega'im 6, 6, see מוּבָאת. Kelim 17, 8 כע׳ שאמרו וכ׳ wherever lentil is spoken of as a standard size, it means … the Egyptian lentil. Bereshith Rabbah section 63 (referring to Genesis 25, 34); Bava Bathra 16ᵇ עדש Munich manuscript, see גַּלְגַּל Hebrew; and frequently—plural עֲדָשִׁים, עֲדָשִׁין, עֲדָשׁוֹת. Nega'im 6, 1 תשע ע׳ space of nine lentils. Bava Kamma 60ᵇ. Maasroth 5, 8 הע׳ המצריות Egyptian lentils; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 14 אלו הן ע׳ המצריים וכ׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, end, 52ᵃ, see גַּלְגָּל Hebrew; and frequently (compare φακός) a flattish warming vessel. Tosefta Shabbath 3 (4), 7; Bereshith Rabbah section 80 ‘Rashi’ (edition עריבה). (see טְלוֹפְחָא) a trough in the wine or oil press. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 5, end, 45ᵇ.—plural as ab. Babylonian Avodah Zarah 75ᵃ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 8 (9), 3; Tosefta Tohoroth 11, 16. dish of the steel-yard, scales. Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 3, 13 בע׳ אחר המסמר in the levitical law concerning (wooden) scales, the material of the nails (with which they are studded) decides; Shabbath 60ᵃ בע׳ הלך אחר שלשלותיו Munich manuscript a. O. (edition בערסא; Rashi edition Soncino בעדשא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) the material of the chains decides. Tosefta Eruvin 11 (8), 21; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 10, 26ᵈ top אין ממלין בע׳ וכ׳ you must not draw water, on the Sabbath, by means of an ‘ădasha (using it as a lever). ↗ original

עוּב , see עִיב ↗ original

עוֹב (עבב, compare חבב) (Biblical Hebrew) [junction,] beam.—plural עוּבִּים, עוּבִּין. Bava Kamma 67ᵃ (referring to Ezekiel 41, 26) העובים אלו המרישות ‘ubbim means joists.—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 5, beginning 15ᵃ והעובון, probably to be read: והעוֹגֵין.] (compare Arab. ‘aybah, עַבְיָא, and חוֹב 2) bag. Kelim 26, 6 עָב כסות the bag for a garment, contradistinguished to תכריך.—plural עוּבִּים, construct state עוּבֵּי. Tosefta Kelim Bava Bathra 4, 9. the same place (ibid.) 10 ע׳ הצמר (not הצור) woolen material for carpet bags. Chullin 49ᵃ ע׳ בית הכוסות the pockets (folds) of etc., see כּוֹס I. ↗ original

עוּבָּא (not עוּבָא) Chaldaic (Aramaic) (the preceding; compare חוּבָּא I) bosom, lap. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 13, 7 בעוּבָּךְ (not בעודך). Targum Proverbs 5, 20 (edition Lagarde edition עוּבָּהּ; variant reading ח׳). Targum Psalms 35, 13. Targum Job 31, 33 manuscript (edition עטפי; Hebrew text חֻבִּי); and frequently (see חוֹב 2) the full ramification of a tree. the same place (ibid.) 15, 32 (edition Vilna edition עוֹב׳; Hebrew text כִּפָּה). ↗ original

עוֹבָדָא (עֲבַד), corresp. to Hebrew מַעֲשֶׂה, deed, work; occurrence, event, fact, case, precedent. Targum Genesis 44, 15. Targum Exodus 28, 32 עוֹבַד construct state; and very frequently—Yoma 71ᵇ דעבדין ע׳ דאהרן who act like Aaron. Kiddushin 79ᵇ עבד ע׳ כותיה דרב decided a case in agreement with Rab’s opinion. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 3ᵃ top, see כְּוָת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 5, 54ᵃ top נפק ע׳ כר׳ וכ׳ the case went forth (was decided) in agreement with the opinion of etc. Kethuboth 60ᵇ בדידי הוה ע׳ it was my case (that came up for decision). Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 41ᵃ bottom of the page ר׳ יוסי … אהן ע׳ R. J. told the following story; ע׳ הוה איתא חדא וכ׳ it happened that a certain woman loved to do charity etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, 45ᶜ bottom of the page the same place (ibid.) (mid-page) לע׳ for practice. the same place (ibid.) מרי ע׳, see מָרָא I. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 82ᵈ top הוה ליה ע׳ had a case (euphem. for, mourning befell him). Bava Metzia 70ᵃ אימא … גופא דע׳ וכ׳ tell me now, what was the real case (from which you derived your report of Samuel’s opinion)?; and very frequently—plural עוֹבָדִין, עוֹבָדַיָּא, עוֹבָדֵי, עוּבְ׳. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 9, 10. Targum Numbers 16, 28. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 21, 4 (see Sifra Emor, Parah 1); and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan the passage cited תרין ע׳ two cases of mourning. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 68ᵈ הוה דריש … ע׳ בבילע וכ׳ cited in his lectures twenty-four cases to which he applied the text billʿa etc. (Lamentations 2, 2); (Echah Rabbah to the passage cited אַפִּין). Echah Rabbah to 3, 58 מה אילין עובדי וכ׳ what deeds are those that thou doest?; and frequently ↗ original

עוֹבַדְתָּא same, work. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 11, end, 48ᵇ הוה עביד ע׳ גבי וכ׳ did work for etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 2, 4ᵈ top עובידתוה edition Krot. (read: עוֹבִידְתֵּיה or עִיבִידְתֵּיה) his work, see עִיבִידְתָּא. service, animals and their attendants, live stock. Targum Onkelos Genesis 33, 14 (Yerushalmi (prefix) עִיבִידְתָּא; Hebrew text מלאכה).—[Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 49, 22 עוּבְדְּתָהָא edition Amsterdam edition, see עוֹבַרְתָּא.] ↗ original

עובטין , Tosefta Terumoth 7, 13, see עוֹבֶשׁ ↗ original

עוֹבִי thickness, diameter. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 2ᶜ bottom of the page עוֹבְיוֹ של רקיע וכ׳ the thickness (diameter) of the heavens is equal to a journey of 500 years; עוֹבְיָהּ של ארץ the diameter of the earth; Bereshith Rabbah section 4; Pesachim 94ᵃ. Bereshith Rabbah section 42 בעל קורה טעין בעוביה the owner of the beam must put his shoulder to the thickest part of it; Berachoth 64ᵃ בעָבְיָהּ וכ׳, see כַּאַן. Tanchuma Sh’moth 3 נותן עביה של תקרה זו בצד ראשה וכ׳ he places the thick side (trunk) of one beam by the side of the top (the thinner part) of the other beam; Shemoth Rabbah section 1. Oholoth 16, 1 בע׳ המרדע measured by the diameter of the handle of a plough; Shabbath 17ᵃ מרדע שאמרו אין בעָבְיוֹ וכ׳ the handle of which they speak is less than a handbreadth in diameter, but is a handbreadth in circumference; and elsewhere ↗ original

עוּבְיָא , thick mass; thick part. Targum I Kings 7, 46 עוֹבִי construct state (edition Vilna edition עוֹבֵי; Hebrew text מַעֲבֵה); Targum 2 Chronicles 4, 17 (Hebrew text עֲבִי).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 7, 21ᵈ ע׳ דהן גבי קוטנה וכ׳ you place the thick part of one beam by the side of the thin part etc., see the preceding Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 1, end, 33ᶜ לע׳ increasing the size (of the fruits; see however, Rabbenu Shimshon to Shevi'ith 1, 8); [Yerushalmi (prefix) Orlah 1, 61ᵃ bottom of the page, see מַרְבִּיתָא]. ↗ original

עוֹבִידְתָּא , see עוֹבַדְתָּא, עִיבִידְתָּא. ↗ original

עוֹבֵר (עָבַר) passer-by, transient. מום ע׳, see עָבַר. Sanhedrin 70ᵃ דרש ע׳ גלילאה a Galilean travelling lecturer preached; Chullin 27ᵇ; (Shabbath 88ᵃ ההוא גלילאה).—Mostly ע׳ וָשָׁב traveller.—plural עוֹבְרִים, עוֹבְרִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 3, beginning 34ᶜ לא חשו לע׳ ושָׁבִין וכ׳ they cared not for eventual travellers (who might misconstrue the act); and frequently—Sanhedrin 103ᵇ מפני שפיתו מצויה לעוֹבְרֵי דרכים because his bread was ready for travellers, i.e. he was hospitable. the same place (ibid.) 109ᵃ למה לנו עוברי דרכים וכ׳ why should we admit those travelling merchants who come only to take away our money?; Tanchuma Beshallach 12; and frequently ↗ original

עוּבָּר (עָבַר Pi'el) embryo. Chullin 4, 1 הוציא הע׳ את ידו if the embryo put forth its forefoot. the same place (ibid.) 58ᵃ, and elsewhere ע׳ ירך אמו הוא the embryo is a thigh (part) of its mother, i.e. comes under the same law. Yevamoth 37ᵃ עוּבָּרָהּ ניכר לשליש ימיה her embryo (pregnancy) is felt when she has arrived at the third portion of her days of pregnancy (three months). Sifré Deuteronomy 29, see עָבַר Hithpa; and frequently—Avodah Zarah 40ᵃ קירבי דגים ועוּבָּרָן, see below.—plural עוּבָּרִים, עוּבָּרִין. Sanhedrin 57ᵇ אף על הע׳ the law (Genesis 9, 6) applies also to killing embryos; Bereshith Rabbah section 34 ע"י ע׳ (read: על ע׳). Temurah 1, 3. Sotah 30ᵇ; and frequently—Chullin 64ᵃ top; Avodah Zarah the passage cited עוּבָּרֵי דגים fish-roe. the same place (ibid.) קירבי דגים ועוברין (ועוברן) the entrails of fish and their roe. ↗ original

עוּבְרָא same. Targum Song of Songs 7, 3.—plural עוּבְרַיָּא, עוּבָ׳, עוֹ׳. Targum Psalms 68, 27. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 30, 21. see עִיבְרָא ↗ original

עוֹבָרָא feminine, see עוֹבַרְתָּא ↗ original

עוּבָּרָה (= מעוברת; עָבַר Pi'el) pregnant woman. Eruvin 53ᵃ, and elsewhere, see עָבַר Pi'el Berachoth 29ᵇ, see עִיבּוּר. Gittin 23ᵇ; Temurah 25ᵃ אם היתה ע׳ זכתה לו if she (the slave) was with child (at the time of the emancipation of herself and her eventual issue), she can accept the privilege for it. Yoma 82ᵇ (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) ההיא ע׳ וכ׳, see רִיחַ Chaldaic (Aramaic) Tosefta Yoma V (4), 4 עֻבָּרָה edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.), see רִיחַ Hebrew; and frequently—plural עוּבָּרוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, 35ᵃ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᵇ bottom of the page Niddah 60ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original

עוֹבַרְתָּא (עֲבַר; compare חֲלִיפִים) shoot, sprout, branch. Targum Numbers 13, 23 (24); Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 עוברא. Targum Psalms 80, 16 (Hebrew text כנה). Targum Ezekiel 17, 3. the same place (ibid.) 22 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh); and elsewhere—[Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 33, 14 some edition, read: עוֹבַדְתָּא.]—plural עוֹבָרָן, עוֹבָרָתָא. Targum Ezekiel 17, 6 (Bxt. עוֹבָרִין masculine). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 49, 22 (edition Amsterdam edition עובד׳, correct accordingly). ↗ original

עוּבַרְתָּא = Hebrew עֶבְרָה, wrath. Bereshith Rabbah section 67 עוּבַרְתֵּיה; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 116, see נַחַרְתָּא. ↗ original

עוֹבֶשׁ = הוֹבֶשׁ (see חָבוּשׁ), quince. Tosefta Kilayim 2, 15 (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) עוגס).—plural עוּבְשִׁין. Tosefta Terumoth 7, 13 עובטין variant reading (correct accordingly, see חָבוּשׁ). [Tosefta ʿUktsin 1, 5 שורשי הע׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.), read with edition עוקצי האובשין]. ↗ original

עוֹג (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Og, king of Bashan. Bereshith Rabbah section 42 (referring to Genesis 14, 13) הוא ע׳ הוא פליט Og is the one that escaped; Tanchuma Chukkath 25. Berachoth 54ᵃ אבן … לזרוק ע׳ וכ׳ the stone which Og king of Bashan wanted to cast upon Israel. the same place (ibid.)ᵇ, and frequently ↗ original

עוּג , see עָגַג ↗ original

עוּגָּא (see next word) 1) cake. masculine (see next word) cake.—plural עוּגִּין. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 11, 8 (some edition עוּגִין; Yerushalmi (prefix) I חררן, see next word). cavity, see next word ↗ original

עוּגָּה circle. Taanith 2, 8; 23ᵃ, see עָגַג; and elsewhere cake baked on coals. Tanchuma Bo 9 ואין ע׳ אלא לשון חררה ‘uggah has the meaning of ḥărarah (see חֲרָרָה).—plural עוּגּוֹת. the same place (ibid.) לא הספיקו לאפות ע׳ they had no time to bake cakes. Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 209. Bereshith Rabbah section 48 שלש לע׳ (not לעוגת) three S’ah of flour were used for cakes. the same place (ibid.) section 42 (play on עוֹג) שהיה יושב ועוסק במצות ע׳ he (Abraham) was engaged in the ceremony of preparing unleavened cakes; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 72; Devarim Rabbah section 1, end במצות בע׳ הפסח (read: במִצְוַת ע׳ וכ׳); Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 883 בע׳ הפסח. Yoma 75ᵃ; and frequently cavity; ע׳ של מים pool. Chullin 2, 9 (41ᵃ; Mishnah edition עוגא; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) אוגן; other edition עוגן; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word עגל: עוגל). Tosefta Moed Katan 1, 2 עוּגָּתוֹ של מים (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) עונתו, correct accordingly). ↗ original

עוּגְיָא (עגי, see אוּגְיָה) cavity dug around a tree.—plural עוּגְיוֹת, עוּגְיָאוֹת. Moed Katan 1, 1. the same place (ibid.) 3ᵃ; the same place (ibid.) 4ᵇ explained בִּנְכֵּי or בְּדִידִין; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 80ᵇ top; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 2; Tosefta Shevi'ith 1, 7. the same place (ibid.) 3, 7 ועושין ע׳ מזה לזה and you may make ruts from one tree to another (variant reading ועושין ע׳ לגפנים מזו לזו); Sifra B’har, Parah 1 עוגיאות בין אילן לאילן חבירו. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᵃ top; and elsewhere ↗ original

עוֹגֵין (עָגַן) anchor, ballast. Bava Bathra 5, 1 (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition הוגין); Yalkut Shimoni Ezekiel 367. Tosefta Shabbath 14 (15), 1, see הוֹגֵין. [plural עוֹגִינִין, see עִיגּוּן.] ↗ original

עוּגְיְתָא , rut, bed.—plural עוּגְיָתָא, construct state עוּגְיַת, עוּגְיָת. Targum Ezekiel 17, 7; 10 (edition Venice עוּגִית, singular; Hebrew text ערגות). ↗ original

עוֹגֶל (עָגַל; compare עוּגָּה, עוּגְיָה) pond, reservoir. Tosefta Mikvaoth 4, 10 ע׳ ארבעים סאה a reservoir containing forty S’ah. Chullin 2, 8, see עוּגָּה.—Cmp. אֲגָלַים. ↗ original

עוּגָּס see אַגָּס ↗ original

עוּד to turn, return, occur; to continue, endure, exist (see Ges. Thes. under the word).—Denom. עַד, עוֹד, עֵת etc. Polel. עוֹדֵד to straighten, erect, help up. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 146, 9 וכי כל … מְעוֹדֵד does the Lord uphold all widows and orphans?—*participle passive מְעוֹדָד; plural מְעוֹדָדִים, מְעוֹדָדִין. Tosefta Makhshirin 1, 3 שק אחד מע׳ (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) מעודר, variant reading מועדר; Rabbenu Shimshon to Makhshirin 1, 4 מעורר; Makhshirin the passage cited מלא פירות) one bag standing upright (closely packed); the same place (ibid.) שני שקין מע׳ (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) מעודרון, variant reading מעודדי, Rabbenu Shimshon מעוררין). Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֵעִיד (denominative of עֵד) to declare one’s presence at a certain occurrence, especially to establish a law from a witnessed precedent or traditional knowledge. Eduy. 2, 1 ר׳ חנינא … ה׳ וכ׳ R. H. … related four things which he knew by tradition. the same place (ibid.) 3 אף הוא ה׳ על וכ׳ he also reported as a precedent the case of a small village etc.; and frequently to testify before court. the same place (ibid.) 4, 11 מי שהיו … מְעִידוֹת אותו he concerning whom there were two sets of witnesses testifying; אלו מְעִידִים וכ׳ the ones testifying that etc. Makkoth 1, 1 מעידין אנו באיש … שגירש וכ׳ (Babylonian edition 3ᵃ … את איש) we testify about this man that he divorced etc. the same place (ibid.) 2, and the following; and very frequently—Chagigah 5ᵃ וממהר להָעִידוֹ and is quick to testify against him; Yalkut Shimoni Malachi 589 ומֵעִיד בו. to call upon as witness. Vayikra Rabbah section 2 מְעִידֵנִי עלי וכ׳ I call upon heaven and earth as my witnesses etc.; Arachin 16ᵇ מעיד אני וכ׳; and frequently to forewarn, exhort. Vayikra Rabbah the passage cited שבעה נביאים … והן מעידין וכ׳ seven prophets stood up for the nations exhorting them; לא הֵעִידוּ בנו they have not warned us; גירי הדור מעידין בדור the proselytes of every generation are an exhortation to their respective generation; and elsewhere—Esp. to forewarn the owner of a noxious animal; to declare an animal noxious (see מוּעָד). Bava Kamma 2, 4 כל שהֵעִידוּ בו וכ׳, see מוּעָד. the same place (ibid.) 24ᵃ עד שיָעִידוּ בו וכ׳ unless he be declared noxious (testimony be deposited stating the facts on which the declaration is based) in the presence of the owner and in court. the same place (ibid.) הֵעִידוּהוּ שנים וכ׳ if the first case has been ascertained by two witnesses etc.; and frequently—participle passive מוּעָד which see ↗ original

עוֹד the preceding) existence, strength; (adverb) still, yet, more. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 32 עד שאני בעוֹדִי אברכך while I am yet in my strength (of mind, able to dispose), I will bless thee. the same place (ibid.) עד שהוא בעוֹדוֹ.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᶜ top ואין ע׳ and none more (shall be buried here). Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 6, 23ᶜ ע׳ היא דבית שמאי this is still in agreement with the opinion of Beth Sh. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 3, 17ᵈ bottom of the page ולא ע׳ הוא בריא when he is no longer well; ולא עוֹדֵהוּ וכ׳ when he is no longer ill. Tosefta Mikvaoth 5, 12 עודהו הראשון וכ׳ (not עדיהו) while the first bather is yet in the water; [במים] … עוֹדֵיהוּ רגלו while the first is still with one foot in the water; Chagigah 19ᵃ. Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 5, 5 מפני שעודיהו כלי וכ׳ (not שענדיהו) because it is still a utensil, the girls sitting therein etc. Shabbath 151ᵇ ועוֹדְךָ בידך (Munich manuscript ועדיין) and while thou art yet in thy own power (while thou canst still dispose of thyself, section above). the same place (ibid.) 43ᵃ בעוֹדָן עליו when they are yet on it; שאין עודן עליו when they are no longer on it; and frequently—ולא ע׳ אלא and no more? But (also this), and not only this, but even more. Berachoth 4ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) 7ᵇ; Megillah 6ᵇ; and frequently—מִבְּעוֹד while there is yet, during. Shabbath 1, 5 כדי שישורו מ׳ יום in time to be soaked through during day-time (before sunset). the same place (ibid.) 6. Yoma 81ᵇ מתחיל ומתענה מ׳ יום he must begin the fast in day-time; and frequently—[Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 13, 7 בעודך, read: בעוּבָּךְ, see עוּבָּא.] ↗ original

עוּדְדָא (עדד, עדר) = אוּדְדָא, tow-cotton, wool. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᵇ and the following נפל עוּדְרֵיה דאוניה the cotton in his ear fell out. ↗ original

*עוּדָה (עוד, compare עִוְּדֻנִי Psalms 119, 61) [convolution, coil,] bundle. Sotah 46ᵃ; Avodah Zarah 23ᵃ) ע׳ של שקין a bundle of (empty) bags; [other opinion in Rashi Avodah Zarah the passage cited: the pin used for knitting sack-cloth.] ↗ original

עודה , Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 2, beginning 3ᶜ, read: עירה, see עָרָה 2 ↗ original

עוֹדֶף (עָדַף) surplus. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 5, 24ᶜ מעשר שני שבע׳ that portion of the surplus (over the exact tithe) which lawfully belongs to the second tithe. [Sifré Numbers 126 פתיל זה הע׳, read עוֹרֶף, see פָּתִיל.] ↗ original

עוּדְפָא same. Eruvin 83ᵃ ואילו ע׳ שתין ותלת whereas the surplus (of the one measure as against the other) is sixty three egg-shells; [Munich manuscript a. Rashi עוֹדֶפֶת feminine Hebrew]. greater importance, gravity.—plural עוּדְפַיָּיא. Bava Bathra 88ᵇ מאי עוּדְפַיְיהוּ wherein does their greater gravity consist? ↗ original

עוּדְרָא , see עוּדְדָא ↗ original

עָוָה , see עוי ↗ original

עַוָּוא proper noun of a male person, see עִוְיָא 2 ↗ original

עֲוִוירָא , see עֲוִירָא I ↗ original

עַוְולָא , see sub עול׳ (with one ו). ↗ original

עָווֹן , see עָוֹן ↗ original

עוון , proper noun of a place, see עִיּוֹן ↗ original

עוונייא , Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 1, 3ᵇ top, see שׁוּנְיָא ↗ original

עֲוָוק , plural עֲוָוקִים, עֲוָוקִין, see עְוָק. ↗ original

עִוּוּת , see עִיוּוּת ↗ original

עוּז , Hif'il הֵעִיז, see עָזַז. ↗ original

עוֹז 1 fortitude, strength, majesty. Berachoth 6ᵃ התפלין ע׳ הם לישראל T’fillin are a sign of strength to Israel. Shemoth Rabbah section 8 לבושו של הקב"ה ע׳ the garment of the Lord is strength (with referring to Psalms 93, 1). Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 8, 3 אין ע׳ אלא תורה וכ׳ ‘strength’ means the Law, as we read (Psalms 29, 11) etc.; Mechilta Beshallach, Shir., section 3 אין עָוִּי וכ׳ ‘my strength’ (Exodus 15, 2) means etc. Berachoth 16ᵇ תתכסה בעָזְּךָ clothe thyself in thy majesty; and frequently ↗ original

עוֹז 2 name of a bird, probably black eagle(Biblical Hebrew . Kelim 17, 14; Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 7, 5.—5. עוּזְיָא. ↗ original

עִוּזָּא 1 (compare the preceding) name of a bird of prey, probably sea-eagle. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 11, 13; Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 14, 12 (Hebrew text פרס).—5. עוּזְיָא, a. עַר. ↗ original

עוּזָּא 2 (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Uzza, one of the brothers that accompanied the Ark to Gibeah. Sotah 35a; Bamidbar Rabbah section 4. Bamidbar Rabbah section 21; and elsewhere—2) name of a fallen angel. Yoma 67ᵇ מעשה ע׳ ועזאל the deed of U. and Azael (who came down and had connection with the daughters of man, see Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 6, 4). Pesikta Rabbati section 34 ומה עזא ועזאל וכ׳ when U. a. Azael … sinned on coming down etc. Devarim Rabbah section 11, end עזה ועזאל.—[Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 44 שמחזי ועזאל; Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 6, 4 שמחזי ועוזיאל.] ↗ original

עוּזְיָא (see עוֹז 2) name of a bird of prey, probably black eagle. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 11, 13 (edition Vienna edition עַזְיָא); Deuteronomy 14, 12 (edition Amsterdam edition עֻזְיָא; edition Vienna edition עַזְ׳; Hebrew text עזניה); see אָזָא. ↗ original

עוּזִּיאֵל (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Uzziel, the father of Jonathan the translator. Bava Bathra 133ᵇ, and frequently, see יוֹנָתָן name of two Amoraim. Moed Katan 5ᵃ ר׳ ע׳ בר בריה דר׳ ע׳ רבה R. U. grandson of R. U. the elder; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 80ᵇ bottom of the page ר׳ ע׳ בריה דר׳ חונייה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 3, 62ᵃ top; and elsewhere—5. Friedman M’bo, p. 119ᵇ name of a fallen angel, see עֲזָאֵל, a. עוּזָּא 2. ↗ original

עוּזִּיָּה (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Uzziah, king of Judah. Moed Katan 7ᵇ יותם לא היה לו לע׳ וכ׳ Jotham was begotten by U. after the latter was declared a leper; Tosefta Nega'im 8, 6. Bereshith Rabbah section 20; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 35. Bamidbar Rabbah section 4 שעל ידו נצטרע ע׳ on account of it (the offering of frankincense) U. became a leper. Bamidbar Rabbah section 7 זה ע׳ שבקש להכנס בתחום וכ׳ that is U. who attempted to encroach on the domain of priesthood; and elsewhere ↗ original

עוי (Biblical Hebrew) [to be curved, bent, crooked; to curve etc.,] to pervert, do wrong. Yoma 3, 8 עָוִיתִי פשעתי וכ׳ I have done wrong, I have transgressed etc. the same place (ibid.) 6, 2 עָווּ פשעו וכ׳ thy people Israel has done wrong etc.; and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל עִיוָּה to subvert, lay waste (compare הָפַךְ). Chullin 60ᵇ (play on עַוִּים, Deuteronomy 2, 23) שעִיוּוּ את מקומן Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Rashi (edition שעִיוְּתוּ) they laid waste their home (deserted it); Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 809; Yalkut Shimoni Joshua 22 שעִוּוּ.— to curve one’s self (like a serpent, see עִוְיָא), wriggle. the same place (ibid.) שעיוו לאלוהות הרבה Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) they wriggled before many deities (edition שאִיוּוּ, see אָוָה I). ↗ original

עֲוֵי 1 , to curve. *Targum Psalms 59, 5 עד לא עַוְויָן edition Lagarde edition (other edition על לא עַוְיָן) without making a curve (deviation) (manuscript עֲוָויָא). Af'el הִפְעִיל אַעֲוֵי to be wrong. the same place (ibid.) 106, 6 (edition Lagarde edition עותנא, see עֲוַת). Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְעֲוֵי to be wronged. Targum Proverbs 18, 19 (see, however, עֲדַר 2). ↗ original

עֲוֵי 2 , Pa'el עַוֵּי (compare צָוַח) to cry; Yoma 77ᵃ ע׳ ע׳ וליכא דאשגח ביה (missing in later editions; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) he cried and cried, and none minded him. Yevamoth 71ᵇ היכא דלא מְעַוֵּי if the infant (on putting its head forth the first time) did not cry. Shabbath 134ᵃ האי ינוקא דלא מעוי if an infant does not cry (breathe). Sotah 12ᵃ כי היכי … ומעוי בהדייהו in order that it should hear them and cry with them; and elsewhere—Chullin 53ᵃ איהו קא מְעַוַּאי when he (the lion) roars. ↗ original

עֲוָיָא (עֲוֵי 1) = Hebrew עָוֹן curve; wrong, iniquity. Targum Psalms 59, 5 manuscript (see עֲוֵי I). Targum Exodus 28 38 (עֲוָיַית) עֲוָיַת construct state (edition Berlin edition עֲוָיָת plural). Targum Psalms 51, 7 (edition Vilna edition עַוְיָא); and frequently—plural עֲוָיָין, עֲוָיָיתָא, עֲוָו׳. the same place (ibid.) 130, 3 (edition Vilna edition עַוְיָן). Targum Leviticus 16, 21; and frequently ↗ original

עִוְיָא (see עָוָה) = חִוְיָא, serpent. Bereshith Rabbah section 26 (play on עַוִּים, see עָוָה) בגלילא … ע׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אִיוְיָא) in Galilee they call a serpent ‘ivya (for ḥivya). ↗ original

עִוְיָא 2 ‘Ivya, an Amora. Bava Bathra 129ᵇ; 133ᵃ, and the following (Munich manuscript עַוָּוא; Manuscript Rome עֲוִירָא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) notes). ↗ original

עֲוִילָא = Biblical Hebrew עֲוִיל, boy. Bereshith Rabbah section 36 (referring to Job 21, 11) בערביא … ע׳ in Arabia they call a child ‘ăvila; Vayikra Rabbah section 5, beginning; Yalkut Shimoni Job 908. wrongdoer, see עַוָּלָא. ↗ original

עוֹיֵן , see עוּן Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original

עֲוִיר = Hebrew עִוֵּר, blind. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 21, 18. Targum Onkelos Exodus 4, 11; and frequently—Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 רבתי (חד מאת׳ 7), see נָאקְתָא. Gittin 69ᵃ ונימא ליה ע׳ וכ׳ and let the blind man say to him etc. Bava Kamma 85ᵃ עינא ע׳, see אָסֵי. Bereshith Rabbah section 30, see סָמֵי; and frequently—Shabbath 151ᵇ תרתי תכלא ועִיוְּרָא shall I be both, childless and blind? (see next word)—plural עִיוְּרִין. Targum Lamentations 4, 14. ↗ original

עֲוִירָא 2 (the preceding) blindness. Nedarim 81ᵃ, see עִרְבּוּבִיתָא.—Shabbath 151ᵇ תרתי תיכלא ועִיוְּרָא (Rashi) shall I suffer both, bereavement and blindness? ↗ original

עֲוִירָא 3 ʿĂvira, an Amora. Chullin 42ᵇ; 55ᵇ; and frequently—5. עִוְיָא 2. ↗ original

עַוִּית , Pa'el of עֲוַת. ↗ original

עַוִּית ² (עָוָה) convulsion. Chullin 60ᵇ (play on עַוִּים, see עָוָה) שכל הרואה אותם אוחזתו ע׳ whoever saw them was seized with convulsions (from fright); Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 809; Yalkut Shimoni Joshua 22. Gittin 70ᵃ. Tosefta Shabbath 7 (8), 21, see פִּיקָה 2. Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 18 ראית מימיך חמור ע׳ עליו וכ׳ hast thou ever seen an ass in spasms, a camel in spasms?; see אַבְאָבִית. ↗ original

עוּכְלָא (עכל, compare אוּכְלָא 2 a. כְּלָה) ‘Ukhla, a small measure of capacity (also a weight). Bava Bathra 89ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) 90ᵃ וכמה היא ע׳ אחד משמונה ברובע (edition מחמשה ברביע, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) to 89ᵇ note 400) and how much is an ‘Ukhla? One-eighth (fifth) of a fourth of a Kab. Sotah 8ᵇ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 1 (missing in edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 17ᵃ אוכלא); Bamidbar Rabbah section 9. Eruvin 29ᵃ ע׳ תבלין an ‘U. of spices (see כְּלָה).—plural עוּכְלֵי. Bava Bathra 85ᵇ מחו לה מאה ע׳ עוכלא they struck (defeated) that opinion with a hundred measures against one (a hundred arguments against for one in favor of it; Rashi: with a hundred strokes with a lash to which the weight of an ‘Ukhla was attached); Kethuboth 53ᵃ דאמינא כמאן דקא מחו וכ׳ for I may adopt the opinion of him who said, they struck etc. ↗ original

עוֹל imperat. of עֲלַל. ↗ original

עוּל (interch. with עֲלַל) to come, come in. Perf. עָל, עָאל; participle עָל, עָאֵיל, עָאֵל, עָיֵיל. Targum Onkelos Exodus 7, 23 על; Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) עאל (edition Amsterdam edition אָעַל). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) the same place (ibid.) 33, 9 עאיל (edition Amsterdam edition אָעֵיל). Targum Onkelos Genesis 23, 10 עָאלֵי (edition Berlin edition a. other עָלֵי; Yerushalmi (prefix) עֲלֵי). Targum Proverbs 17, 10 עָאלָא edition Lagarde edition (other edition עָלָא); and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 2, 63ᵃ top דחק סומכוס ועאל S. pressed on and went in. Yoma 51ᵇ נֵיעוּל וכ׳ (Munich manuscript נעביד) let him make his entrance in the way prescribed by R. J. the same place (ibid.) 52ᵃ ניעול בין מנורה וכ׳ let him make his entrance between the candlestick and the wall. Pesachim 112ᵃ; Bava Bathra 21ᵃ שבשתא כיון דעל על a mistake once entered (into the mind) remains therein. Shabbath 98ᵇ האי עָיֵיל והאי נפיק one will go in (recede), the other go out (protrude, i.e. form an uneven surface.); and very frequently— to bring in. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 6, 19 תֵעוֹל edition Vienna edition (see עֲלַל).—Bereshith Rabbah section 67 (referring to ועל חרבך Genesis 27, 40) עול חרבך וכ׳ bring thy sword home (into its sheath), and thou shalt live; (Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 115 תטול, read: תֵּעוּל). Pa'el פִּעֵל עַיֵּיל to come in habitually. Inf. מְעַיֵּיל, see מֵעֲלָא. to bring in, insert. Chullin 42ᵇ אפיק … ועַיֵּיל, see נֽפַק. Eruvin 44ᵇ בעי עַיְּילִינְהוּ wanted to bring them in. Shabbath 96ᵇ מה לי אפוקי ומה לי עַיּיוּלֵי what is the difference between carrying out and bringing in? Eruvin 38ᵇ ע׳ רב חסדא וכ׳ R. Ḥ. brought (the subject) in, in order to show a contradiction etc. Kethuboth 61ᵃ, עַיְּילִית וכ׳, see חֲרִיקָא. the same place (ibid.) 101ᵃ עַיְּילָא ליה גלימא if she brought him a cloak (as dowry). Yoma 47ᵃ נְעַיֵּיל והדר נעייל shall he bring in (one portion) and again bring in (another portion)?; and frequently to produce, develop, ripen. Rosh Hashanah 13ᵃ ודילמא לא ע׳ כלל perhaps it means when it (the growing vegetation) had not yet begun to ripen at all? the same place (ibid.) דע׳ ביד נכרי the barley of which the ‘Omer was brought had ripened while in the possession of a gentile (a Canaanite). the same place (ibid.) דע׳ ריבעא if it has developped one fourth of the full size; and elsewhere Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְעַיֵּיל to insert one’s self; to get in. Yoma 51ᵇ ולא מִתְעַיֵּיל ליה he could not get himself in (between the table and the wall). Af'el הִפְעִיל אָעֵיל ; Ittaf. אִיתָּעַל, Ithpeel אִתְעַל, see עֲלַל. ↗ original

עוֹל ² yoke; also pole of a wagon. Kilayim 2, 6 מלא הע׳ השרוני the width of the yoke (the team) used in the plain of Sharon. Kelim 14, 4 הע׳ של מתכות a metal pole (see Maimonides ad loc. (on the passage)); the same place (ibid.) 5 הע׳ המצופה the metal-tipped pole. Sifré Numbers 123 בע׳ שלא לעבודה וכ׳ the text speaks of a yoke not put on for working. Sotah 46ᵃ ע׳ פוסל בין בשעת וכ׳ the bearing of a yoke disqualifies the animal for the ceremony, whether it was put on at working time etc.; and frequently—Transferred obligation, dependence. Avoth 3, 5 כל המקבל עליו ע׳ תורה … ע׳ מלכות וע׳ דרך ארץ whosoever takes upon himself the yoke (obligations) of the Law, from him shall be removed the yoke of government (oppression) and the yoke of worldly affairs; וכל הפורק ממנו ע׳ תורה וכ׳ but he who throws off the yoke of the Law, will be made to feel the yoke of etc. Berachoth 2, 2 כדי שיקבל עליו ע׳ מלכות שמים … ע׳ מצות in order that he may acknowledge his dependence on divine government first (by reciting Deuteronomy 6, 4 and the following, see שְׁמַע) and then his subjection to religious duties (by reciting Deuteronomy 11, 13 and the following); and frequently—plural) עוּלִּין. Tanchuma V’zoth 5 שני ע׳ וכ׳ thou puttest two yokes upon thy children; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 952. ↗ original

עָוַל (Biblical Hebrew), Pi'el עִוֵּול, עִיוֵּל (denominative of עָוֶל) to act perversely; to do wrong, cheat. Tosefta Bava Kamma 7, 8 המְעַוּוֵל במידות והמשקר וכ׳ he who cheats in measuring, and is false in weighing; Mechilta Mishpatim section 13. Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 765 מה אתה מועל ומשקר וכ׳ (read: מְעַוֵּל) why dost thou cheat and give false weights?; Tanchuma Balak 12 מה אתה עושה מעולה ומשקר וכ׳ (correct accordingly); the same place (ibid.) edition Babylonian 16; and elsewhere ↗ original

עָוֶל perversion, fault. Yalkut Shimoni Lamentations 999 לא מצא בי ע׳ found no fault with me. the same place (ibid.) מצאתם בי ע׳ you found fault with me; and elsewhere ↗ original

עַוְלָא Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 32, 4 (O. עַוְלָה). Targum Proverbs 13, 11.—plural עַוְלֵי, עַוְו׳. the same place (ibid.) 31, 8, see next word—5. עַוְלְתָא. ↗ original

עַוָּלָא (the preceding) pervert; wrong-doer. Targum Proverbs 29, 27 (edition Vilna edition עֲוָ׳; some edition עילה). Targum Job 18, 21 (edition Lagarde edition עֲוִילָא).—plural עַוָּלַיָּא, עַוָּלֵי, עַיָּלָאֵי, עַוָּו׳. Targum Zephaniah, Book of 3, 5 (not עַוְלַ׳). Targum Proverbs 31, 8 (edition Vilna edition עַוְלֵי; Hebrew text חֲלוֹף). the same place (ibid.) 29, 18 בסוגא דעולאי (Hebrew text באין חזון!). [the same place (ibid.) 14, 22 edition Lagarde edition (edition Vilna edition הֲלָא; Hebrew text הֲלוֹא.] ↗ original

עוּלָא 1 [that which is carried,] infant, nursling, child (see עוֹלָל). Bava Bathra 9ᵃ and the following ע׳ משגש ארחתיה דאימיה (Manuscript Hamburg אילא; Manuscript Florence עילא; edition Venice עיולא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 4) the suckling that confounded its mother’s way (a surname of R. Ăḥadboy, or of R. Shesheth, see Rashi a. Tosafoth ad loc. (on the passage))—[plural עוּלִין foals, see עִילָא I.] ↗ original

עוּלָא 2 ‘Ula (or ‘Ulla), name of several Amoraim. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 1, beginning 45ᵈ; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, beginning 4ᵃ עילא.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 2, 73ᵇ עולה בירייה; Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 83ᵇ bottom of the page ע׳ ביריא; Babylonian Moed Katan 26ᵃ ע׳ ביראה, see בֵּירָאָה.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 3, 30ᵃ ע׳ דקיסרין; Yerushalmi (prefix) Niddah 2, 50ᵃ bottom of the page—Esp. known: ‘U. bar Yishmael, in Babylonian only ‘Ula. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 4, 54ᶜ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 5, 47ᵇ top; Babylonian Gittin 55ᵃ. Horayoth 4ᵃ; (Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 46ᵃ top הילא). Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 5, 51ᵈ, and elsewhere עילא, עילה; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᶜ bottom of the page ע׳ נחותא; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, 35ᵇ עללא (correct accordingly), see נָחוֹתָא.—5. Friedman M’bo, p. 119ᵇ, and the following ↗ original

עוּלְבַּן (עֲלַב) = Hebrew עֶלְבּוֹן, humiliation, insult. Targum Zephaniah, Book of 3, 12 מקבל ע׳ submitting to humiliation (Hebrew text דל). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 3, 16. Targum Isaiah 34, 8; and frequently assumption of superiority, arrogance. Gittin 36ᵇ הא פרוסבלא ע׳ דרייני הוא that institution of Prosbol (see פְּרוֹסְבּוֹל) is an ʿulbana of the judges. the same place (ibid.) האי ע׳ לישנא דחוצפא הוא או לישנא דניחותא הוא this ‘ulbana, does it mean assumption of power, or does it mean submission (i.e. submission to a law which they at heart disapprove)? [Rashi explains ניחותא convenience, i.e. an assumption of authority not from arrogance but from a desire to relieve the judges from overwork]. ↗ original

עַוְלָה (b. h; see עָוֶל) wrong. Kethuboth 19ᵇ כיון דע׳ הוא אע׳ חתמי since it (the holding of a bill of indebtedness on trust, see אֲמָנָה) is a wrong, (a violation of the rule, ‘harbor no wrong in thy tent’, Job 11, 14), they would not have lent their signature to a wrong act; and elsewhere ↗ original

עַוְלָה ² Chaldaic (Aramaic), see עַוְלָא ↗ original

עוּלָה 1 proper noun of a male person, see עוּלָא 2 ↗ original

עוּלָה 2 girl, see עוֹלְלָה. ↗ original

עוֹלָה [rising,] burnt-offering. Chagigah 6ᵃ ע׳ … עוֹלַת תמיד הואי the burnt-offering which the Israelites brought in the desert (Exodus 24, 5) was the daily offering; עולת ראייה הואי was the Temple visitors’ offering; Yevamoth 5ᵇ. Zevachim 7ᵇ, see דּוֹרוֹן 2. the same place (ibid.) ע׳ אחריתי another burnt-offering. the same place (ibid.) 5, 4; and very frequently—plural עוֹלוֹת. Chagigah the passage cited שריבה … יותר מבע׳ for the Biblical text ordains, in connection with the princes, more peace-offerings than burnt-offerings. the same place (ibid.) 1, 3; 5; and frequently ↗ original

עוּלֵים (עֲלֵם) strong, powerful. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᶜ כהנא הוה ע׳ סגין Kahăna was very powerful (in mysteries). young, young man; (compare נַעַר) servant. Targum 2 Chronicles 35, 27 (contradistinguished to טלי). Targum Onkelos Genesis 41, 12 (Yerushalmi (prefix) טליא). Targum I Samuel 17, 55. the same place (ibid.) 2, 13; and frequently—Kethuboth 72ᵇ ע׳ אייתי וכ׳ boy, get me the spindle; Sanhedrin 95ᵃ עֶלֶם (Manuscript Florence עולימא); and elsewhere—plural עוּלֵימִין, עוּלֵימַיָּא, עוּלֵימֵי, עוּלֵמ׳. Targum I Samuel 2, 33. the same place (ibid.) 16, 11. Targum Esther 2, 2 (not עוֹלְמֵי); and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 79 (play on אלמתיו, Psalms 126, 6) אתא טעון ע׳ ועוּלֵמִיתָא he (Jacob) came laden with young men (sons) and a girl (daughter); Midrash Tehillim to Psalms the passage cited ועולמין עולמיתא edition Buber edition (other edition עוּלֵמֵי ועולמותי, correct accordingly); Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 881 עוּלֵימֵי ועולימות (read: ועוּלֵימִית); Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 133 עולמי ועולמי׳ …—Fem. עוּלֵימָא, עוּלֵימִיתָא, עוּלֵימְתָּא, עוּלֵמִ׳. Targum Onkelos Genesis 24, 14 (edition Amsterdam edition עוּלֶמְתָּא); and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah the passage cited, and elsewhere, see above.—plural עוּלֵימָן, עוּלֵימתָא, עוּלֵמָ׳. Targum Zechariah 8, 5. Targum Esther 2, 9. the same place (ibid.) 2 (edition Vienna edition עֻלֵּמָן); Targum 2 the same place (ibid.) עֲלֵימָן; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 83ᵇ bottom of the page, see עֲלִימוּת.—5. next words ↗ original

עוּלֵימָא youth, see עוּלֵימַיָּא. ↗ original

עוּלֵימוּ (the preceding) strength. Targum I Kings 12, 10; Targum 2 Chronicles 10, 10 (edition Lagarde edition גבורתא). youth. Targum Isaiah 54, 4. Targum Onkelos Genesis 18, 12. Targum Onkelos Numbers 11, 28 edition Berlin edition (other edition מעוּלֵימוֹהִי, see next word). Targum Joel 1, 8 עוּלֵימוּתָהָא edition Lagarde edition (edition Vilna edition עוּלֶמְתָּהָא; other edition עוּלֵימָתָהָא plural); and frequently—[עולימות, עולמותי, see עוּלֵים.] ↗ original

עוּלֵימַיָּא masculine plural same. Targum Isaiah 54, 6 (edition Venice עֲלוּמִין). Targum Psalms 127, 4 manuscript (edition עולימא). the same place (ibid.) 89, 46 עוּלֵימוֹי manuscript (edition עֲלִימוֹי). Targum Onkelos Numbers 11, 28, see the preceding; and elsewhere ↗ original

עוּלֵימִית , see עוּלֵים, a. עוּלֵימוּ. ↗ original

עוּלְיָתָא , see עוּלְתִין ↗ original

עוֹלָל nursling, child. Sotah 30ᵇ ע׳ מוטל וכ׳ an infant lying on its mother’s knees; ע׳ הגביה וכ׳ the infant raised its neck, the suckling dropped the breast …, and they said, This is my God etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, 20ᶜ top; and elsewhere—plural עוֹלְלִים. Mechilta Beshallach, Shir., section 1 (referring to Psalms 8, 3) ע׳ אלו ע׳ שבחוץ ‘ol’lim means the children playing in the street (with referring to Jeremiah 9, 20); Midrash Tehillim to Psalms the passage cited ע׳ אלו שבחוץ ‘ol’lim means infants outside (of the womb, by referring to Lamentations 4, 4); (other opinion) ע׳ אלו שבפנים ‘ol’lim refers to those yet unborn (by referring to Job 3, 16); Mechilta the passage cited; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 640 ע׳ אלו שבמעי אמן; the same place (ibid.) ע׳ חזרו לטיבורן the infants returned to their navel (womb); Yalkut Shimoni Lamentations 1043. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 9 (referring העלם, Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 3, 11) גם אהבת הע׳ נתן וכ׳ even the love of the little ones has he put into the heart of their parents. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 121 אני מנפץ את עוֹלָלַיִךְ … את עוֹלָלַי I myself will shatter thy babes, as thou didst mine; and elsewhere—Fem. עוֹלְלָה girl. Esther Rabbah to 1, 9 (referring to לעולליהם, Psalms 17, 14) ע׳ אחת וכ׳ (some edition עוּלָה) one babe was left etc.; (Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 671 יתומה). ↗ original

עוֹלְלָא , plural עוֹלְלָן, עוֹלְלָתָא = Hebrew עוֹלֵלוֹת (see עוֹלֵלָה) gleanings, single bunches. Targum Jeremiah 49, 9; Targum Obadiah, Book of 1, 5. Targum Isaiah 17, 6 (edition Vilna edition עוֹלְלִין masculine).—Echah Rabbah to 1, 22 (referring to ועולל the same place (ibid.)) קטיף עוֹלְלָתֵיהוֹן כמה דקטפת עוֹלְלָתַי cut their last bunches as thou hast done to mine; see עוֹלֵלָה. ↗ original

עוֹלְלָה girl, see עוֹלָל. ↗ original

עוֹלֵלָה עוֹלֵלוֹת plural, = מְעוֹ׳; עָלַל) [that which is searched after,] gleaning reserved for the poor; in gen. small single bunch (on a single branch, or hanging down directly from the trunk), opposite to אשכול. Peah 7, 4 איזהו ע׳, see כָּתֵף. the same place (ibid.) ע׳ בארכובה a bunch on the knee of a vine. the same place (ibid.) גרגר יחידי … ע׳ (Mishnah edition עוֹלֵלוֹת plural) single berries … are considered gleanings (belong to the poor); Sifra K’dosh., Parah 1, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 3; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 29 ראה עוללה אחת וכ׳ saw a single bunch (that wag ripe), and said a blessing over it; כדאי הע׳ וכ׳ this single bunch is worth saying a blessing over it. Echah Rabbah to 1, 12 (referring to עולל the same place (ibid.)) קטף עוֹלְלָתִי he cut my last bunch (destroyed me entirely), see עוֹלְלָא.—plural עוֹלֵלוֹת. Sifra the passage cited; Peah 7, 7 כרם שכולו ע׳ a vineyard in which all grapes grow in small separate bunches. the same place (ibid.) 8 המקדיש … בו הע׳ וכ׳ if one consecrates his vineyards before the bunches (which would have been the poor man’s share) were distinguishable on it, they do not belong to the poor. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 121 אלקוט עוֹלְלוֹתֶיהָ של גפן (not עלילותי׳) I will pluck the very gleanings of the vines; ואת לקחת עד הע׳ וכ׳ (read לקטת) but thou hast plucked the last grapes. Esther Rabbah to 1, 9 (referring to Isaiah 3, 12, and Leviticus 9, 10) מקטפין עוֹלְלוֹתֵיהֶן they (the officers) cut their gleanings (rob the people of their last belongings); and frequently ↗ original

עוֹלְלָתָא , see עוֹלְלָא ↗ original

עוֹלָם [strength, endurance,] nature, existence, world; (Biblical Hebrew) life-time, eternity. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 7ᵇ bottom of the page (referring to עד עולם, I Samuel 1, 22) והלא אין עוֹלָמוֹ של לוי וכ׳ but the life-time (active service) of the Levite is only up to fifty years. Kiddushin 15ᵃ (referring to Exodus 21, 6 לְעֹלָם) הוה אמינא לע׳ ממש I might have thought, that it meant really for ever (for life); קמשמע לן לע׳ לעולמו של יובל it is intimated (by ושבתם וכ׳, Leviticus 25, 10) that l’‘olam means up to the period of the jubilee. Berachoth 17ᵃ עוֹלָמְךָ תראה בחייך וכ׳ mayest thou see (enjoy) thy existence during thy life-time, and thy future (reward be reserved) for the life of the world to come. Arachin 16ᵇ bottom of the page קיבל עולמו has received his reward in this world. Berachoth 9, 5 כל חותמי … מן הע׳ (Babylonian edition 54ᵃ עד הע׳, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 20) in all conclusions of benedictions in the Temple they used to say, (Blessed is the Lord …) from everlasting; משקלקלו … אין ע׳ אלא אחד וכ׳ … when the heretics (or Sadducees) degenerated and said, there is only one world, they ordained the formula, From everlasting to everlasting. Pesachim 56ᵃ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2 (3), 19 they did not say ברוך שם כבוד מלכותו לע׳ וָעֶד blessed be the name of His glorious kingdom for ever and ever. Bereshith Rabbah section 30, and frequently ראה ע׳ חדש has seen a new world (a great change). Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 3, and elsewhere ע׳ שאין בו מות, see אֲתָאנַסְיָא; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 11, 42ᶜ bottom of the page פירות הע׳ the fruits of the world, i.e. coming from some other place, opposite צבורים בסידקי.—ע׳ הזה (abbreviated or abbreviation עה"ז) this world, mundane existence; ע׳ הבא (abbreviated or abbreviation עה"ב) the world to come, the hereafter, also the Messianic days; the days of resurrection. Pesachim 50ᵃ לא כעה"ז עה"ב not as in this world (the present), will it be in the Messianic days. Berachoth 51ᵃ זוכה ונוחל שני עולמים העה"ז והעה"ב will be permitted to inherit two worlds, this world and the hereafter. Avoth 4, 16, see פְּרוֹזְדּוֹר. Sanhedrin 10, 1, and frequently חלק לעה"ב a share in the world to come (resurrection); and very frequently—אומות הע׳ (abbreviated or abbreviation אוה"ע, א"ה), see אוּמָּה.—בית ע׳ (euphem.) cemetery. Vayikra Rabbah section 12, beginning (interch. with עֲלַם which see).—plural עוֹלָמִים, עוֹלָמִין, עוֹלָמוֹת. Berachoth the passage cited, see above. Sanhedrin 100ᵃ שלש מאות ועשרה ע׳ three hundred and ten worlds (existences of beatitude). Bereshith Rabbah section 3, and elsewhere היה בורא ע׳ ומחריבן he created worlds and destroyed them again; and frequently—בית ע׳ the permanent house, the Jerusalem Temple, opposite משכן the Tabernacle. Sukkah 5ᵇ; and frequently—לְעוֹלָם a) forever, always, under all circumstances. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 5, 9ᵃ bottom of the page חיים לע׳ a life for ever (not ceasing). Kethuboth 4, 5 לע׳ היא ברשות וכ׳ she (the betrothed) continues to be under the father’s jurisdiction (sharing his legal status), until she is wedded. Bava Metzia 59ᵃ לע׳ … בכבוד אשתו under all conditions a man must guard the honor of his wife. Yevamoth 46ᵃ, and elsewhere לע׳ אין גר עד וכ׳ a person is not considered a proselyte, until he has been circumcised and immersed; and very frequently—b) (dialectic term) at all events, in spite of your argument, still. Chullin 101ᵃ לע׳ קסבר וכ׳ Rab may still be of the opinion that etc.; Berachoth 3ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) 3ᵇ לע׳ בחד וכ׳ I may still say, it refers to one person and to recent debris; and frequently—מֵע׳ לא never. Yoma 49ᵃ מע׳ לא שאלני וכ׳ never (in my life) did a person consult me about etc.; (Chullin 7ᵇ מימי). Shabbath 108ᵇ מע׳ לא טבע גברא וכ׳ never yet has a person been drowned in the Dead Sea; and frequently ↗ original

עוּלֵם , see sub עוּלֵימ׳. ↗ original

עוֹלָמִית adverb (see עוֹלָם) for ever, absolutely. Tosefta Demai 2, 9 אין מקבלין אותן ע׳ they must never (under no conditions) be received (as ḥaberim, see חָבֵר). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 9, end, 12ᵇ אין לו תקנה ע׳ can never be remedied; and frequently ↗ original

עוּלֵמִית , see עוּלֵים, עוּלֵימוּ. ↗ original

עוּלְשִׁין endives (see Löw Low, Aramaische Pflanzennamen, Leipzig 1881, p. 255). Kilayim 1, 2 ע׳ ועוּלְשֵׁי שדה (garden) endives and field endives; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 27ᵃ top ע׳ טרוקסימון ‘ulshin are endives that are eaten raw, ע׳ שדה עולתין field ‘ulshin are known as ‘ulthin (Chaldaic (Aramaic)). Pesachim 2, 6; and elsewhere ↗ original

עוּלְשִׁין ² Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 12, 8 (Hebrew text מררים); Targum Song of Songs 2, 9. ↗ original

עוּלְשָׁתָא ‘Ulshatha. Tosefta Shevi'ith 4, 11 (missing in edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.), variant reading עול שתא, עילשתא; see Hildesh. Sachs, Beitrage, p. 34, a. p. 80 note). ↗ original

עַוְלְתָא (see עַוְלָא) perversion, wrong. Targum Psalms 92, 16. Targum Job 15, 16 manuscript (edition עִילִיתָא, עִילְתָא). ↗ original

עוּלְתִין masculine plural Chaldaic (Aramaic) = Hebrew עוּלְשִׁין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 1, 27ᵃ top, see עוּלְשִׁין.—Echah Rabbah to 3, 42 עוּלְיָתָא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition כרנבי), see בְּסִימָא. ↗ original

עוּמָּא , Tosefta Kelim Bava Bathra 1, 6, = עִימָּא. ↗ original

עוּמָד = אוּמָד, estimate, guess, medical prognosis. Tamid 2, 5 בע׳ חמש וכ׳ as much wood as would by estimate yield five S’ah of coal. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 9, 27ᵃ bottom of the page ע׳ של טעות an erroneous prognosis. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 9, end, 58ᵃ ע׳ האמצעי, see אוּמָד. the same place (ibid.) עֶמֶד, a. עֲמָדָה.—plural עוּמָדִין. the same place (ibid.) שני ע׳ two subsequent medical opinions. ↗ original

עוֹמֶד , see עֹמֶד ↗ original

עוֹמְדוֹת (עָמַד) standing at meetings, attendance while standing, opposite יְשִׁיבוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 10, 12ᶜ bottom of the page, and elsewhere, see יְשִׁיבָה. ↗ original

עוֹמְדִים (the preceding) upright loom. Nega'im 2, 4 כאורגת בע׳ in the position of one weaving at an upright loom; Sifra Thazr., Nega'im, Parah 3, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 4 (not בעומר׳); Vayikra Rabbah section 15 בעמרים (correct accordingly); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 551 (correct accordingly). side-pieces of a ladder. Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 3, 13 אחר הע׳ the material of the side-pieces decides (see עֲדָשָׁה 4). ↗ original

עוּמָּה junction; לְעוּמַּת corresponding, against. Kethuboth 5, 8 פוסק לְעוּמָּתָן וכ׳ must give her other products of the same nutritious quality. ↗ original

עוֹמֶס (עמס) pack; מלא עוֹמְסוֹ as much as one can pack into one’s hand. Sanhedrin 100ᵃ; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 797. ↗ original

עוֹמֶק depth, profoundness. Pesachim 54ᵇ (among the things hidden to man) ע׳ הדין the profundity of divine judgment; [other opinion: the intricacy of human law]; Mechilta Beshallach, Vayass‘a, section 5. Megillah 3ᵇ top (referring to Joshua 8, 9, a. 13, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 4) שהלך ולן בעוֹמְקָהּ וכ׳ Tosafoth (edition שלן only) he went and spent the night in the depth (of study) of the Law; Eruvin 63ᵇ שהלך בעומקה וכ׳ he entered into the depth etc.; and frequently—Megillah 6ᵃ הרוגי ע׳ those who died in the valley (Babylonia), see רַקַּת.—plural עוֹמָקִין. Bereshith Rabbah section 41 beginning Aruch (Sefer HeArukh); Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 845, see סִיקוֹסִים 2. ↗ original

עוּמְקָא 1 depth, foundation; the soil under a building. Bava Bathra 4, 2 לא את הבור … אע"פ שכתב לו ע׳ ורומא (in selling a building, one has not implicitly sold) the well or the subterranean store-room, although he wrote in the contract ‘depth and height’ (ground under the building and space above the roof); the same place (ibid.) 61ᵃ עומקה ורומה (correct accordingly). the same place (ibid.) 63ᵇ ע׳ ורומא בסתמא לא קני depth and height, unless explicitly stated, are not sold with the house (and the seller has a right to dig under and to build on top of the house); אהני ע׳ ורומא למיקני ע׳ ורומא the specification of ‘depth and height’ in the contract, has the effect to give possession of the ground beneath and the space above. the same place (ibid.) ואי ס"ד בסתמא קני ע׳ ורומא ליהני ע׳ ורומא למיקנא בור וכ׳ but if we were to assume that depth and height are implied in the sale, let the specification of ‘depth and height’ have the effect to give possession of the well etc. the same place (ibid.) 64ᵃ; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 50 וסדום בע׳ היא וכ׳ now, Sodom was situated in a depression, therefore he said, and I cannot escape to the mountain; שרי בע׳ וכ׳ he dwelt in a valley, and they say to him, go out to the mountain (which has a healthier climate), and yet he speaks in that manner? Bava Metzia 117ᵇ נחית לע׳ דדינא; Bava Kamma 53ᵃ; the same place (ibid.) 39ᵃ לעוּמְקֵיה וכ׳, see נְחַת; and elsewhere—plural עוּמְקַיָּא, עוּמְקִין. Targum Psalms 130, 1. Targum Ezekiel 27, 34; and elsewhere—5. עִמְקָא. (in a transferred sense, compare חָלָל 3) intricacy, cunning, reservation. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 22, 14 (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 פַּלְגּוּ). ↗ original

עוּמְקָא 2 , construct state עוֹמֶק, עוֹמַק; plural עוּמְקְוָון, עוּמְקְיָין, see עָמְקָא. ↗ original

עוֹמְקָן (see עוּמְקָא I, reserved person, trickster. Derekh Erets Zuta Chaldaic (Aramaic) 6. ↗ original

עוּמְקָנָא , tricky. Targum Psalms 101, 4 edition Venice (other edition עוקמנא). ↗ original

עוֹמֶר sheaf. Peah 4, 3 ע׳ השכחה the forgotten sheaf (Deuteronomy 24, 19); and frequently—plural עוֹמְרִים, עוֹמְרִין, עֳמָרִ׳. the same place (ibid.) 6, 5 שני ע׳ שכחה two sheaves left in the field are considered as forgotten (belong to the poor). the same place (ibid.) 6 שני ע׳ ובהם סאתים two sheaves containing two S’ah between them (the ordinary size of a sheaf being one S’ah). the same place (ibid.) וכי מרוב הע׳ וכ׳ is the privilege of the owner strengthened or infringed by the quantity of the sheaves (irrespective of their sizes)? the same place (ibid.) 5, 1; and frequently [Vayikra Rabbah section 15; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 551, see עוֹמְדִים.] [the quantity of grain in a sheaf,] Omer, a dry measure, especially the Omer of barley offered on the sixteenth day of Nisan (Leviticus 23, 10—14). Menachoth 10, 1 הע׳ היה בא בשבת וכ׳ the Omer, when offered on the Sabbath, was prepared by cutting three S’ah-fuls of barley (sifted down to one Omer). Tosefta Demai 1, 28 מותר ע׳ that which is left over when preparing the Omer. Menachoth 10, 6 הע׳ היה מתיר וכ׳ the offering of the Omer had the effect of allowing the use of the new crop in the country. the same place (ibid.) 7 קידם לע׳ before the Omer was to be offered (before the sixteenth of Nisan); and frequently ↗ original

עוּמְרָא sheaf. Targum Deuteronomy 24, 19. (O. edition Vienna edition עֻמְ׳) Omer. Targum Exodus 16, 36 (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition Vienna edition עַמְרָא; O. edition Vienna edition עֻמְ׳). the same place (ibid.) 33. Targum Leviticus 23, 10; and frequently—Targum Hosea 3, 2 עוֹמַר ארמותא (עוֹמֶר) the Omer of the wave-offering (Hebrew text חֹמֶר).—plural עוּמְרִין, עֻמְרִין. Targum Exodus 16, 22. ↗ original

עָוֹן perversion, wrong. Devarim Rabbah section 3 לא חטא ולא ע׳ no sin or wrong. Shabbath 30ᵃ אותו ע׳ that sin (of David’s, against Uriah and Bathsheba); Sanhedrin 107ᵃ מחול לי על אותו ע׳ כולו pardon me for that sin entirely. Shabbath 88ᵇ עֲוֹן גדי, see כָּרַם. Sanhedrin 44ᵇ אם יש בי ע׳ זה if I am guilty of that crime (for which I am to be put to death); and frequently—ע׳ גליון, see אָוֶן.—plural עֲוֹנוֹת, עֲווֹנוֹת. the same place (ibid.) תהא … עֲווֹנוֹתַיי may my death be an atonement for all my wrong-doings. Berachoth 5ᵇ מוחלין לו כל עֲוֹנוֹתָיו is forgiven all his sins. Yoma 3, 8. the same place (ibid.) 39ᵇ עְווֹנוֹתֵיהֶן של ישראל the sins of Israel; and very frequently (supply (understood word) עוֹנֶשׁ) penalty. Yevamoth 47ᵃ מודיעין אותו עֲוֹן לקט וכ׳ we acquaint him (the proselyte) with the consequences of a neglect of the laws concerning the share of the poor etc., see עוֹנֶשׁ.—בַּעֲ׳ as a punishment for, in consequence of. Shabbath 32ᵇ בע׳ נדרים (supply (understood word) ביטול) as a punishment for the neglect of vows; בע׳ מזוזה for neglecting the law concerning the door-post inscription; בע׳ ביטול תורה for neglecting the study of the Law; בע׳ גילוי עריות for unchastity; and frequently ↗ original

עוּן to be round, curved; denominative עַיִן. Pi'el פִּעֵל עִיֵּין (denominative of עַיִן) to look in, read. Tanchuma Ki Thissa 34 אסור … לעַיֵּין בתורה וכ׳ the interpreter must not look into the Torah (Hebrew text) and translate; (Pesikta Rabbati section 5 ליתן עיניו). to look carefully; to search, investigate (compare דּוּק a. דִּקְדֵּק). Bava Bathra 115ᵃ (referring ובן אין לו, Numbers 27, 8) עַיֵּין עליו (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אַיֵּין) investigate his case (whether he has really no male issue); Yevamoth 22ᵇ. Kiddushin 4ᵃ (referring to Leviticus 22, 13 וזרע אין לה) עיין לה; Yevamoth 70ᵃ עיין עלה (Chaldaic (Aramaic)). to speculate, contemplate. Berachoth 55ᵃ המאריך בתפלתו ומְעַיֵּין בה he who stays long in prayer and speculates on it (expecting its fulfillment as a reward for his lengthy prayer); Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 950; Berachoth 32ᵇ; and elsewhere [to measure with the eye] to balance exactly, opposite הכריע (see כָּרַע). Bava Bathra 89ᵃ אין מְעַיְּינִין … במקום שמעיינין where it is customary to give overweight, you dare not sell by exact weight, and vice versa; and elsewhere—participle passive מְעוּיָּין a) (adverb) weighed exactly, even-balanced. Bamidbar Rabbah section 16, end (referring to עין בעין, Numbers 14, 14) הרי מאזנים מע׳ אתה וכ׳ behold the scales are evenly balanced, thou sayest …, and I say etc.; Devarim Rabbah section 5 הרי מדת הדין בכף מאזנים מע׳ judgment lies on evenly balanced scales. Tanchuma Ki Thissa 34; Pesikta Rabbati section 5, beginning המאזניים מע׳ the claims on both sides are equal. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, beginning 27ᶜ היה מע׳ if it (his sins and his merits) be even; Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 1, 16ᵇ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, end, 61ᵈ מחציין (correct accordingly); Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 784 כף מאזניים מע׳ [היה]; and elsewhere—b) having eyes (rings) or colors. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 1, 27ᵃ, see לְעוּנִים. Polel. עוֹנֵן (Biblical Hebrew) [to contemplate; to augur;] to produce apparitions, to conjure. Sanhedrin 65ᵇ, and elsewhere (interpret. מעונן, Deuteronomy 18, 10) המעביר … על העין, see זְכוּרוּ. the same place (ibid.) (other interpret.) האוהז את העינים, see אָחַז. the same place (ibid.) (other interpret.; compare Pi'el) המחשב עתים ושעות וכ׳ who calculates what times and hours are auspicious etc.; [Comment. on המחשב עתים explain עונן as denomin. of עוֹנָה I]; Tosefta Shabbath 7 (8), 14 נותני עתים וכ׳. ↗ original

עוּן ² Pa'el עֵיֵּין, עַיֵּן same, to watch, guard. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 32, 10 עַיְּינֵי (Paeli).—Bava Kamma 32ᵇ איבעי ליה עַיּוּנֵי (עַיּוּנֵיה) he ought to have been on his guard; Makkoth 8ᵃ לעַיּיוּנֵיה. to look out for, select. Targum Job 8, 17 יְעַיֵּין edition Lagarde edition (other edition יְעוֹיִן). to look into, meditate, study, speculate. Moed Katan 14ᵇ לעיוני בדיניה to study his case (not to decide it). the same place (ibid.) אתו מצפרא ומְעַיְּינֵי בדיניה וכ׳ they meet in the morning and consider his case …, and then they come again at sunset etc. Berachoth 25ᵃ עַיֵּין אי וכ׳ examine and see whether etc. the same place (ibid.) 58ᵃ עד דמעייני ביה בדינא while they were arguing about him in court. Sanhedrin 18ᵇ ומְעַיְּינִינָא וכ׳ and we argue on his case. Megillah 30ᵇ מְעַיְּינִינָן במילי דמתא we look into the affairs (the moral condition) of the town. Gittin 60ᵃ; Temurah 14ᵇ מְעַיְּינֵי בספרא וכ׳ used to study the book of etc. Rosh Hashanah 16ᵃ בחינה עיוני בעלמא היא ‘to probe’ (בחן) means merely to investigate (without decreeing). Berachoth 55ᵃ דמְעַיּין בה when he thinks of his prayer (expecting its fulfilment), see preced; and frequently—[Pol. עוֹנֵן, see עֲנַן.] ↗ original

עוֹנֶג pleasure, enjoyment. Shabbath 118ᵇ (referring to והתענג Psalms 37, 4) ע׳ זה איני יודע … ע׳ שבת I should not have known what this ‘delight’ means, but when it is said (Isaiah 58, 13), thou callest the Sabbath a delight, I learn that this ‘oneg means the enjoyment of the Sabbath; and elsewhere ↗ original

עוֹנָה 1 (עָנָה 1) [turn, circle, period,] moment, especially ‘Onah, the twenty-fourth part of an hour. Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 942 ואין להרהר … אפי׳ ע׳ של כלום and you must not criticise God’s dealings with man even for a moment of the least duration; Sifré Deuteronomy 307 (some edition שנה, emended in edition Friedman עוולה; correct accordingly). Tosefta Berachoth 1, 3 הע׳ … בשעה והעת … בע׳ an ‘Onah is the twenty-fourth part of an hour, and an ‘Eth the twenty-fourth part of an ‘Onah, and a Reg‘a. the twenty-fourth part of an ‘Eth; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 2ᵈ top; Echah Rabbah to 2, 18 (correct accordingly). ‘Onah, a period of twelve astronomical hours, one half of the natural day and of the natural night, or (at solstice) natural day, or natural night. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 5, end, 45ᵇ; Babylonian Avodah Zarah 75ᵃ; Niddah 65ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah the passage cited כדי ע׳; Tosefta Tohoroth 11, 16 מלא ע׳ for the term of an ‘Onah; Avodah Zarah the passage cited וכמה ע׳ how long? An ‘Onah. Yevamoth 62ᵇ; Niddah 63ᵇ וכמה … ע׳ and how long before?… An ‘Onah. the same place (ibid.) ע׳ אחריתי an additional ‘O. (day or eventually night). the same place (ibid.) 65ᵃ ע׳ שלמה a complete ‘O., explained the same place (ibid.) לילה וחצי יום, explained the same place (ibid.)ᵇ אי לילה וכ׳ either the space of one night at solstice, or half a day and half a night etc., in midsummer or midwinter; and frequently—plural עוֹנוֹת. Mikvaoth 8, 3; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 6, 6; Shabbath 86ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) 86ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 9, 12ᵃ top ע׳ שלמות full ‘Onahs (not counting fractions); and frequently—4) due season, period, stage. Peah 4, 8 עד שלא באו לעוֹנַת המעשרות before the harvested products have arrived at the stage when they are subject to tithes; Maasroth 5, 5. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 83ᵃ top עוֹנַת קרית שמע the time of the day for reading the Sh’m‘a. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 1, beginning 45ᵈ כדי שיביאו … בעוֹנָתָן so that the Israelites might deliver their Shekels in due time. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 8, end, 25ᵇ אם עונת הגשמים היא if it is during the rainy season; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᵃ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᶜ top בעל התאנה … עוֹנָתָהּ וכ׳ the owner of the fig tree knows when it is time for the figs to be picked; כך הקב"ה … עוֹנָתָן של וכ׳ so does the Lord know when it is time for the rightheous to be called away; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 6, 2. Ylamdenu to Numbers 23, 10, quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) עונת אשה marriageable age, see עוֹפֶר; and very frequently—Esp. (Biblical Hebrew עֹנָה) the duty of marital visits at certain intervals, marital duty. Kethuboth 5, 6 הע׳ האמורה בתורה וכ׳ the time for marital duties intimated in the Law (Exodus 21, 10) is: for men of leisure etc.; Bereshith Rabbah section 76; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 131. Shabbath 118ᵇ למימרא … מצות ע׳ לא קיים does this mean that R. J. neglected the regulations concerning the marital duty? Kethuboth 62ᵇ; and frequently—Mechilta Mishpatim, section 3 (referring to Exodus the passage cited) ועוֹנָתָהּ זו דרך ארץ her ‘onah refers to marital visits; [other opinion: ועונתה לא יתן וכ׳ her ‘onah means, he must not give her summer apparel in winter etc., but כל אחד ואחד בעונתה each in its due season; anoth. opinion: עונתה זו מזונה her ‘onah means her sustenance (with referring to ויענך Deuteronomy 8, 3; see next word); Kethuboth 47ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, 30ᵇ top of the page] ↗ original

עוֹנָה 2 (עָנָה 2; compare עִינּוּי) trouble, suffering. Sifra Bechukkothai, Parah 2, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 8 (play on יען וביען, Leviticus 26, 43) ע׳ של מדבר (Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 675 עוֹנוֹת) the privations in the desert; ע׳ של בעל פעור (Yalkut Shimoni the passage cited של פעור) the suffering attendant upon the worship of Baal (Numbers 25, 3, Psalms 106, 28, and the following); ע׳ של מלכי האמורי the suffering from the Emorite kings (Judges 2, and the following).—plural עוֹנוֹת. Vayikra Rabbah section 17 (play on חׄרׄצׄבׄות, Psalms 73, 4, see הִרְהֵר) ולא צׄבׄיתים בע׳ I did not make them swell from sufferings; the same place (ibid.) אין להם ציבים של ע׳ וכ׳ they (the wicked) have no swellings (accumulations) of sufferings with which they die (so as to atone for their sins) etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 808. ↗ original

עוֹנָה 3 (denominative of עַיִן) sight or affliction of the eye. Menachoth 64ᵇ, see next word shade of color, pattern (in weaving, see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Tela).—plural עוֹנוֹת. Vayikra Rabbah section 17 [read:] אלו לציבים ולע׳ (see Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word אספריטין, where our word reads: ולעֵינוֹת) these (the coarse threads) are used for tassels and for producing (raised) patterns; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 808 לצביתים ולעֵנוֹת. ↗ original

עוֹנָה 4 (denominative of עַיִן; compare Arab.‘âna manare) welling, flux. Menachoth 64ᵇ a woman said, I am offering a sacrifice לעוֹנָתִי after my recovery from flux, סבור מינה … לעוֹנָתָהּ ממש (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) which they understood to mean really for her flux, when the suggestion was offered, שמא בעינה סיכנה (see the preceding) perhaps she was in danger of losing her eye-sight; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 5, 48ᵈ לעֵינָתִי, interpreted שופעת כמעיין, see שָׁפַע.—[Rashi, ignoring Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim the passage cited, takes our word in the sense of due season for a sacrifice, see עוֹנָה.]—[Tosefta Moed Katan 1, 2 עונתו של מים, see עוּגָּה.] ↗ original

עוֹנִי 1 , see עוֹנָה 2) misery, poverty, privation. Avoth 4, 9 כל המקיים … מע׳ וכ׳ he who fulfills the Law in spite of poverty, shall finally do so in wealth; וכל המבטל … סופו לבטלה מע׳ and he who neglects the Law on account of his wealth, shall finally neglect it from poverty. Moed Katan 17ᵇ, and elsewhere כל מקום … או מיתה או ע׳ wherever the scholars put their eyes (upon a person, i.e. decreed the ban), there follows either death or poverty. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms V (referring to I Chronicles 22, 13) בעָנְיִי בצער וכ׳ what does ‘in my misery’ mean? In the pain which I suffered about it. Sifré Deuteronomy 130 (referring to Deuteronomy 16, 3) למה נקרא לחם ע׳ על שם עינוי וכ׳ why is it called bread of misery? For the affliction which they suffered in Egypt; and frequently—[Pesachim 36ᵇ תיפוק ליה מלחם ע׳ … באוני derive it (that you dare not use second tithes for unleavened bread to be eaten with the Passover lamb) from the expression ‘bread of misery’, which intimates ‘that which it is permitted to eat in mourning (to the exclusion of second tithes, see Deuteronomy 26, 14); the same place (ibid.)ᵃ לחם ע׳ מה שנאכל באנינות. the same place (ibid.), and elsewhere לחם ע׳ לחם שעונין עליו וכ׳ ‘bread of recitation’, bread over which they recite many words (the Hagadah, Hallel etc.).] ↗ original

עוֹנִי Chaldaic (Aramaic), see עַנִּי ↗ original

*עוֹנִי 2 ‘Oni. Tosefta Oholoth 16, 12 תחום ע׳ (Rabbenu Shimshon to Oholoth 16, 5 עכו); compare אוֹנִי 2. ↗ original

עוניתא , Echah Rabbah to 4, 18 עוניתיה, read: אוֹנִיתָא. ↗ original

עונן , Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 7, 24ᶜ top הניחוש והע׳, read: והעִינּוּן. ↗ original

עוֹנְנִין , see עָנְנָא ↗ original

עוּנְקָא , see אוּנְקָא I, a. עִנְקָא. ↗ original

עוּנְקְלָא , see אוּנְקְלָא ↗ original

עוּנְקְתָא = עוּנְקָא (see אוּנְקָא I) neck. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᶜ bottom of the page עד כדון עוּנְקְתֵיה … רפיא is this man’s neck loose yet?; the same place (ibid.) ההיא ע׳ דהוות וכ׳ this neck which was loose is now laced (thou art going to be hanged). ↗ original

עוֹנֶשׁ punishment, penalty; responsibility. Sanhedrin 89ᵇ כך עוֹנְשׁוֹ וכ׳, see בַּדּאי; Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 30. Sanhedrin 54ᵇ top, and frequently ע׳ שמענו אזהרה מנין we learn here the penalty, whence do we learn the prohibition? Yevamoth 3ᵇ, see אַזְהָרָה. the same place (ibid.) 47ᵃ ומודיעין אותו עוֹנְשָׁן של מצות and we acquaint him (the proselyte) with the penalty attending the neglect of the duties (of an Israelite), see עָוֹן. Shabbath 87ᵃ בתחלה פירש עוֹנְשָׁהּ וכ׳ first he explained the penalty for trespassing the Law, … and then the reward for observing it. Bava Bathra 88ᵇ עוֹנְשָׁן של מדות the responsibility connected with measures (the punishment for giving wrong measures); Yevamoth 21ᵃ עונשין (correct accordingly); and frequently punishable act, sin. Shabbath 115ᵇ גדול ע׳ האחרון וכ׳ the sinfulness of the latter act is greater than etc. Bava Kamma 105ᵇ ע׳ ממון (Rashi ע׳ כפירה) the crime of denying an obligation; ע׳ שבועה the crime of false swearing; and frequently—plural עוֹנְשִׁין. Sanhedrin 43ᵇ ע׳ שבגלוי sins committed publicly; and elsewhere ↗ original

עוֹנָתָא (see עוֹנָה 3) [eyes,] rings of a yoke (κρίκος). Targum Hosea 10, 10 (Rashi: עֵינוֹהִי; Hebrew text עינתם, K’ri עונותם). Cmp. עַיִן 2. ↗ original

עוֹסְקָן see עַסְקָן ↗ original

עוּף 1 to be bent, doubled; to be wearied. Chullin 2, 3 ועָף, see שָׁחַז. Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 23, beginning מריב עונית … עָפִים ומתעלפים on account of the multitude of my sins are the righteous in me wearied and faint.—Denom. עוֹף, עָיֵף. ↗ original

עוּף Chaldaic (Aramaic), see עִיף ↗ original

עוּף 2 to fly. Shabbath 26ᵃ מפני שהוא עָף because it is volatile (explosive). [Sotah 45ᵃ עפו, עף Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see צוּף.] Pol. עוֹפֵף same. Berachoth 63ᵃ פרנסתו מְעוֹפֶפֶת לו כעוף his sustenance comes flying to him like a bird. Chullin 12, 3 היתה מעופפת if the mother bird was flying about the nest; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 10, 10. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 4 ובשתים מְעוֹפְפִים וכ׳ and with two wings they fly, and they sanctify etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 271; and elsewhere ↗ original

עוּף ² Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 4, 17 דפרח דתיעוף edition Lisb. (edition only דפרח; דתיעוף being a gloss). ↗ original

עוֹף [bend, wing; compare כָּנָף,] bird, fowl. Bava Kamma 92ᵇ (quoted frequently כתובים) כל ע׳ למינו ישכון ובן אדם לדומה לו (not ובני; Tosafoth ע׳ כנף) every bird nests according to (with) its kind, and man with one like himself; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 116; Yalkut Shimoni Judges 67. Chullin 27ᵇ, and frequently אין שחיטה לע׳ מן התורה the ritual slaughtering of birds is not indicated in the Torah. Shabbath 130ᵃ, and elsewhere במקומו … בשר ע׳ בחלב in the native town of R. J. the Galilean they ate poultry prepared with milk; and very frequently—plural עוֹפוֹת. Chullin the passage cited Bereshith Rabbah section 67, see סִכְסֵךְ I; and frequently ↗ original

עוֹף ² Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 5, 10. Targum Genesis 1, 20; and frequently—plural עוֹפִין, עוֹפַיָּא, עוֹפָן. Targum Psalms 50, 11 manuscript (edition singular). the same place (ibid.) 23, 5 edition Lagarde edition Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 25, 27. ↗ original

*עוֹפָא 2 ‘Ofa, name of a gate of Jerusalem. Targum Zephaniah, Book of 1, 10 (Hebrew text משנה, see עוּף I; Kimḥi reads: עָפְלָא, see עוֹפֶל). ↗ original

עופא , Targum Job 28, 3 some edition, read: סוֹפָא. ↗ original

עוֹפֶל [swelling,] proper noun Ophel, an elevation of the Temple mount (see 2 Chronicles 33, 14). Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 3, 67ᵃ top קרן הע׳ the summit of O.; see אָפֵל 2. ↗ original

עוֹפֶר עֹפֶר; עפר to be thick, strong; compare the preceding, young animal; in a transferred sense youth, strong man. Bereshith Rabbah section 14 (play on עפר, Genesis 2, 7) ע׳ עולם על מליאתו נברא the conqueror of the world was created in his fulness (completely developed).—plural עֳפָרִים. Ylamdenu to Numbers 23, 10, quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (play on עֲפַר, Numbers the passage cited) מי מנה ע׳ וכ׳ who will count the youths among them that have reached the age of marriage etc.?; Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 766 כמה ע׳ יש וכ׳ how many are the youths in Israel that study the Law etc.! (Tanna d’bé El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 21 עפר, correct accordingly). ↗ original

עוֹפֶרֶת lead. Mechilta Beshallach, Shir., section 5; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 246. ↗ original

עוּץ (compare אוּץ) [to press, urge,] to encourage, advise.—participle עָיֵיץ. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 24, 14. Targum 2 Esther 1, 15; and elsewhere—Kiddushin 80ᵇ ועייץ לו עצות וכ׳ and is likely to give him bad advice. Yevamoth 107ᵃ עָיְיצֵי לה וכ׳ her relatives may advise her (put her up to it) and take the property away from me. ↗ original

עוּצְבָּא 1 (עֲצַב) grief. Berachoth 56ᵃ ולא אהני … מע׳ דלבך thou wilt find no pleasure in eating on account of the grief of thy heart. ↗ original

עוּצְבָּא 2 (עָצַב, see אֲבִרְזִין) fur trimmed (or to be trimmed) of its ends, robe, cover. Kelim 26, 7; Bava Kamma 66ᵇ Munich manuscript (edition עיצ׳). the same place (ibid.) ע׳ אינה צריכה קיצוע an ‘utsba requires no trimming (in order to be considered a finished object of use). Zevachim 94ᵃ ע׳ שחשב עליה לקצעה Munich manuscript (edition ליה, correct accordingly) a fur which the owner had intented to trim; Tosefta Kelim Bava Bathra 4, 10 עוצבה Rabbenu Shimshon to Kelim the passage cited (edition אצבע, correct accordingly); Zevachim the passage cited ע׳ דחשיב עלה וכ׳. ↗ original

עוֹצָר , see אוֹצָר a. אָצַר. ↗ original

עוּק to circle, round.—Denom. עֲיָק. (compare עוּג) to hollow out.—Denom. עוּקָה. to press.—Denom. עָקָה. [. הֵעִיק (Biblical Hebrew) to press, make a rut (in the ground).] ↗ original

עוּק ² (= Hebrew צוּק) to be narrow, pressed.—Perf. עָק; participle עָק, עָיֵיק, (עִיִק) עָיק. Targum Isaiah 49, 20.—Transferred to feel pain, disgust; to be sick of. Targum Judges 16, 16 (Hebrew text קצר). Targum Onkelos Genesis 27, 46 (Yerushalmi (prefix) Ithpeel; Hebrew text קצתי); and frequently—5. עָיְקָא.—ע׳ ל־ = (Hebrew צר ל־) to be in distress, fear, anxiety. Targum Psalms 31, 10, and elsewhere עִיק manuscript (edition עַיִק, עֲיַק noun); see עֲיָק. Targum 2 Samuel 22, 7 עייקא edition Lagarde edition (edition Vilna edition עָקָא); Targum Psalms 18, 7 עָקָא manuscript (edition עָיְקָא, עָיְי׳). Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 4, 30 יֵעוֹק (edition Berlin edition a. Yerushalmi (prefix) תיעוק). Targum Onkelos Numbers 22, 3 (Yerushalmi (prefix) אתיעקו, see יְעַק); and frequently—[Gittin 78ᵃ עייק, עויק Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see עֲדַק.] Af'el הִפְעִיל אָעִיק to press, trouble, annoy, distress. Targum Exodus 23, 9 (Hebrew text לחץ). the same place (ibid.) 22 (Hebrew text צרר). Targum Judges 16, 16; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, 35ᵃ bottom of the page חד שינא מעיקא לי one tooth annoys me. Bereshith Rabbah section 14 [read:] לא … עקתיה אלא דאתית לאָעָקָא ליה has this man (1) not enough trouble that thou camest to trouble him?; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 2 אלא אף את אתי לאעקא ליה (read: אתית); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 621 אלא דאת מעיקא ליה (read: מְעִיקַת). Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 4ᵈ top למחר … ואינון מְעִיקִין לון to-morrow they will be with us, and they trouble us (by treading upon our graves); and elsewhere—participle passive מְעִיק troubled, feeling dread. Targum Isaiah 7, 16 (Hebrew text קץ). Targum I Samuel 22, 2 (not מָעִיק). Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִיתְעָק to be distressed, sick. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 27, 46 (see above).—Targum Job 36, 16 יִתְּעַק, see תְּעַק.] Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְעַיֵּיק to be narrowed in. Targum Job 18, 7, see יְעַק. ↗ original

עֲוָק (עוּק Hebrew)rundle of a ladder.—plural עֲוָקִים, עֲוָקִין, עֲוָו׳. Tanchuma Vayetse 2; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Baḥod., p. 151ᵃ; Vayikra Rabbah section 29, and elsewhere, see חַוָּוק. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 3, end, 14ᵇ עד ג׳ ע׳ ככסא (not בכסא) a ladder of three or less rundles is considered a stool; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, end, 6ᶜ עד ג׳ ככסא (correct accordingly). ↗ original

עוּקְבָּא 1 , Sanhedrin 96ᵃ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see עֲקוּבָּה ↗ original

עוּקְבָּא 2 ‘Uḳba, ‘Uḳban, (Mar ‘U.), name of several Amoraim and of one Resh Galutha (or two), commonly named Mar‘U. Sanhedrin 31ᵇ. Pesachim 115ᵇ רבנא ע׳. Moed Katan 16ᵇ.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 3ᵃ bottom of the page מר ע׳.—Shabbath 56ᵇ עוקבן בר נחמיה וכ׳ ‘U. son of N., the Resh Galutha; and elsewhere—Eruvin 34ᵇ ע׳ בר חמא Munich manuscript (edition בר אבא, correct accordingly). Bava Metzia 65ᵃ. Berachoth 44ᵃ מר ע׳ בר ח׳ (Manuscript Florence רב ע׳). Zevachim 55ᵇ רב ע׳ Munich manuscript (edition מר); and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 1, 18ᵈ bottom of the page רבי ע׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 78ᵇ top ר׳ עוקבה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᵃ top מר ע׳; and frequently—Vayikra Rabbah section 28; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Ha‘omer, p. 70ᵇ רב חמא בר ע׳.—5. Friedman M’bo p. 120ᵇ, a. Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) Aruch Completum (Kohut) under the word ↗ original

עוּקָה (עוּק; compare עוּגָה) cavity, trough, pit. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 2, 50ᵃ top והשמן משירד לע׳ oil (is subject to tithes), when it drips down into the trough; Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 7, beginning 11ᵇ (insert והשמן). Eruvin 8, 9 ע׳ מחזקת וכ׳ a pit (in the court for receiving waste water) containing two S’ah. the same place (ibid.) 88ᵇ ע׳ מחזיק וכ׳ (masc.). Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 9 (6), 18. Mikvaoth 6, 1 עוּקַת המערה a pit adjoining a grotto (filled with water); a. see עוּקַת נפש distress, see עָקָה a. חֲלוּקָה. ↗ original

עוקל , see עֵקֶל ↗ original

עוּקָּמָא (עֲקַם) insidious, tricky. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 32, 5 (Hebrew text עקש). ↗ original

עוקמין , Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 332, see עִנְקָמוֹן ↗ original

עוֹקְמָן (עָקַם) trickster. Bereshith Rabbah section 33, see כִּמָּנוֹן.—plural עוֹקְמָנִים, עוֹקְמָנִין, עַקְ׳. Sifré Deuteronomy 308; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 942. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 7, 44ᵇ bottom of the page (not עיק׳); Vayikra Rabbah section 10 ע׳ שבלב; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 4. ↗ original

עוּקְמָנָא , tricky, trickster. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 32, 5 (Hebrew text עקש, see עוּקָּמָא). Targum Psalms 101, 4 (Levita עוקמתא, incorr.).—plural עוּקְמָנַיָּא. Targum Job 5, 13. ↗ original

עוּקְמָנוּתָא (the preceding) trickery, insincerity. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 6, 4. Targum Psalms 125, 5. (manuscript עוּקְמַתְ׳).—5. עֲקִימוּתָא. ↗ original

עוּקְמְתָא same; see the preceding—[Targum Psalms 101, 4 Levita, see עוּקְמָנָא.] ↗ original

עוּקְסָא , see עוּקְצָא ↗ original

עוּקָץ (עָקַץ) [tail, end,] (= קוֹץ) thorn, point, prick, sting. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 14, 14ᵈ top עוּקַץ עקרב Scorpion’s Tail (name of a plant); Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 40ᵈ top of the page Bereshith Rabbah section 12 והע׳ שלו למעלה the pointed stroke of the letter He is directed upwards. Kelim 13, 5; Shabbath 52ᵇ מחט … עוּקצָהּ a needle whose point is broken off (see חוֹר I); and elsewhere—Esp. the peduncle of fruits. Sukkah 3, 6 נטל עוּקְצוֹ if its (the Ethrog’s) peduncle is off. ʿUktsin 1, 6; and frequently—plural עוּקְצִים, עוּקְצִין. Vayikra Rabbah section 30 תמרה יש בה אוכל ויש בה ע׳ on the palm there is eatable fruit and there are prickles. ʿUktsin the passage cited עוּקְצֵי תאנים the peduncles of figs; and frequently—‘Uḳtsim, ‘Uktsin, name of a treatise of the Mishnah and Tosefta, of the Order of Toharoth. Horayoth 13ᵇ ניתי מר וניתני בע׳ come, sir, lecture on ‘Uktsin. the same place (ibid.) גלי עֻקְצִים explain ‘U. (= Biblical Hebrew עָצֶה) [spine,] haunch (with tail). Tamid 3, 1. the same place (ibid.) 4, 3. Chullin 93ᵃ; and elsewhere (= קָצֶה) corner, recess. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 5, 24ᶜ bottom of the page בתחלת כל ע׳ וע׳ (not בתחלה) at the beginning of each corner (in which fruits are piled up). ↗ original

עוּקְצָא sting, tail, spine. Bamidbar Rabbah section 20 לא מן דובשיך לא מן עוּקְצִיךְ I want neither thy honey nor thy sting; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 1, 5 מעוּקְצָךְ … Yerushalmi (prefix) Nâz. 9, 57ᵈ like fish that are fried, רישיה דהן גבי עוּקְצֵיה דהן the head of one by the side of the other’s tail. Berachoth 58ᵇ ע׳ דעקרבא (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) עקוסא) the prick (tail) of the Scorpio. Eruvin 100ᵇ דאית להו ע׳ Munich manuscript (edition דאית ליה עוּקְצֵי; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Oxford manuscript עוקסא) when they (the shoes) have spurs (pegs in the sole); and elsewhere—plural עוּקְצֵי, see above. corner, recess.—plural as ab. Shabbath 106ᵇ כל היכא דליכא ע׳ ע׳ וכ׳ (Oxford manuscript אוקסי) a vivarium which is not divided off in recesses is called a small vivarium; Betzah 24ᵃ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אוקסי עוקסי; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 20). ↗ original

עוּר 1 (Biblical Hebrew) [to be stirred up, see עָרַר,] to wake (active a. neut.). [Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 3, 14ᵃ וצריך לעורו, read לעורר, see below.]—participle עֵר; feminine עֵרָה; plural עֵרִים; עֵרוֹת, עֵי׳. Bava Kamma 2, 5 בין ער בין ישן whether awake or asleep. Niddah 12ᵃ. Shabbath 55ᵇ; Sanhedrin 82ᵃ (referring to Malachi 2, 12) שלא יהיה לו ער … ועונה וכ׳ he shall have none awakening (teaching) among the teachers and none responding among the scholars. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 5, 2 אני ישנה מן המצות ולבי ער לגמילת חסדים I am asleep (negligent) in ceremonies, but my heart is awake for charity; אני ישנה מן הצדקות ולבי ער לעשותן I am asleep (careless) about righteous deeds, but my heart awakens me (stirs me up) to do them; the same place (ibid.) ולבו של הקב"ה ער לגאלני but the heart of the Lord, is awake (anxious) to redeem me; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Haḥod. p. 46ᵇ; Pesikta Rabbati section 15 ולבי ער להקב"ה לגאלני but my heart is awake (waiting) for the Lord to redeem me; Yalkut Shimoni Song of Songs 988; Tanchuma edition Buber edition, Tol’doth 18. Derekh Erets Zuta Chaldaic (Aramaic) V לא יהא אדם ער … בין העי׳ one must not be awake among those sleeping, nor asleep among those awake. Niddah the passage cited בין ישנות בין ע׳ whether they are asleep or awake; and frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נֵעוֹר, נֵי׳ to be awake, wake up; to be stirred up, become active. Bava Bathra 74ᵇ והוה ר"א ישן ור"י נעור (not ניער) R. E. was asleep, and R. J. awake. Gittin 8, 2 (78ᵃ) (נֵי׳) נֵעוֹרָה קוראה וכ׳ when she woke up, she read and found it was her letter of divorce. Avoth 3, 4 הנ׳ בלילה he who is awake by night. Sifré Deuteronomy 314 כדי שיעֵוֹרוּ בניו (not שיעירו) that his young brood may wake up; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 944. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 8 (read:] בתחלה הוא נעור וכ׳ (or נִנְעַר, see נָעַר 2) first he bestirs himself (and proceeds) from the Temple etc.; and frequently—Avodah Zarah 73ᵃ, and frequently מצא מין את מינו וניעור kind found its kind and was stirred up, i.e. the two equal elements in the mixture join to become working agents.—5. נָעַר 2. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֵעִיר to wake up; to stir up, instigate. Bereshith Rabbah section 43 מי הוא זה שה׳ לבם של מזרחיים וכ׳ who was he that stirred up the heart of the eastsrn nations that they should come and fall etc.?; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 311 שה׳ בלבם של אזרחיים (correct accordingly). the same place (ibid.) ישנים … ומי הֵעִירָן לבא וכ׳ the nations were too indifferent to come under the wings of the Lord, and who waked them up to come under his wings? Sanhedrin 25ᵇ (explained מפריחי יונים, the same place (ibid.) 3, 3) אלו שמְעִירִין וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition שממרין) those who stir up the pigeons (on which they bet), see מָרָה 2. Hof. הֻפְעַל הוּעַר to be stirred up, be removed. Bereshith Rabbah section 85 שה׳ מן העולם, see עֵר 2; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 145. Polel. עוֹרֵר to wake up. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 2ᵈ (referring to Psalms 57, 9) דרכן … להיות השחר מְעוֹרְרָן it is usual with kings that the dawn wakes them up; Tanchuma B’ha‘ăl. 10 דרך השחר מְעוֹרֵר … מעורר וכ׳ usually the dawn wakes the sons of man, but I wake the dawn up. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᵈ bottom of the page היודע … הוא יְעוֹרֵר אתכם he that knows your numbers wake you (from death); and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 5, end, 43ᵈ מעורר את מינו ליאסר stirs up its kind (makes it an agent) to become forbidden, see above.—Maʿǎser Sheni 5, 15 בטל את המְעוֹרְרִים abolished the wakers; Sotah 9, 10, explained the same place (ibid.) 48ᵃ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 13, 9 מעוררין אילו הלוים וכ׳ the wakers are the Levites, who … sang, Awake etc. (Psalms 44, 24). Vayikra Rabbah section 7, beginning שנאה … היא עוֹרְרָה עליהן דיני דינין hatred … stirred up against them judgment upon judgment; and frequently to excite to lamentation, arrange a memorial service, engage a travelling wailer. Moed Katan 1, 5 לא יְעוֹרֵר וכ׳ one must not arrange a memorial service etc., see סַפְדָּנָא; the same place (ibid.) 8ᵃ לא יערער, see עִרְעֵר. to raise an objection; to contest the legality of. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 3, 14ᵃ (interch. with עָרַר) מכיון שערר … צריך לעוֹרֵר עליו since he contested the right of possession in three successive years, he need no longer contest. the same place (ibid.) צריך לעורו (correct accordingly); see עָרַר a. עִרְעֵר. Hithpol. הִתְעוֹרֵר, , Nithpol. נִתְעוֹרֵר to be waked up; to bestir one’s self. Vayikra Rabbah the passage cited עד שנה שנִתְעוֹרְרָה עליהן וכ׳ up to the year when it (hatred) was stirred up against them etc. Vayikra Rabbah section 9 (referring to Song of Songs 4, 16) לכשיִתְעוֹרְרוּ הגליות וכ׳ when the exiled colonies in the north are waked up (to be redeemed), they will come etc.; the same place (ibid.) לכשיִתְעוֹרֵר גוג וכ׳ when Gog bestirs himself (to war) etc. the same place (ibid.) דבר שהוא ישן ונתע׳ a thing (the daily offering) which was asleep (during the captivity) and has been reawakened (reinstated); and elsewhere to be lively; to enjoy one’s self. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 149 הִתְעוֹרְרוּ עלי וכ׳ enjoy yourselves with me at your pleasure. ↗ original

עוּר , to stir up, awaken; to awake. Targum Job 41, 2 יְעוּרִ׳ (edition Lagarde edition a. other יְעִרִ׳ Af'el).—Taanith 4ᵃ עוּרוּ, see עוּרְפִּילָא.—participle עָיֵיר, עָיֵר; feminine עָיְירָא, עָיְרָא. Targum Song of Songs 5, 2.—participle passive עִיר, plural עִירִין, עִירֵי awake. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 2ᵈ עד כדון ברייתא ע׳ until then (the end of the first night-watch) men are awake. Sanhedrin 29ᵇ ע׳ ושכבי ליהוי וכ׳ shall those awake and those asleep be witnesses against thee (i.e. wouldst thou say so within the hearing of etc.)? Af'el הִפְעִיל אָעִיר, אָעַר to stir up, awaken. Targum Isaiah 14, 9 אֲעִירַת (edition Lagarde edition אעדת, read אֲעָרַת). Targum Zechariah 4, 1. to wake, watch; to wake up. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 32, 11 (not מֵעִיד); and elsewhere—Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 22 (referring to the same place (ibid.) 57, 9) אֲעִיר יקרי וכ׳ wake up, my dignity (soul), before the dignity of my Maker (see below). Polel. עוֹרֵר to stir up, awaken. Targum Psalms 80, 3. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy the passage cited—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 2ᵈ (referring to Psalms 57, 9) אנא הוינא מְעוֹרֵר שחרה וכ׳ I am wont to wake up the dawn, the dawn never wakes me up; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Vayhi, p. 63ᵃ; Pesikta Rabbati section 17 ושחרה לא עוֹרְרַתְנִי; Midrash Tehillim the passage cited; Echah Rabbah to 2, 18; and elsewhere Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְעִיר, , Ittaf. אִתָּעַר to be stirred up; to awake; to bestir one’s self. Targum Job 14, 12. Targum Genesis 41, 4. Targum Habakkuk 2, 19; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth the passage cited אִתְעִיר יקרי wake up, my dignity (see above); Pesikta d'Rav Kahana the passage cited אִיתְּעַר; Pesikta Rabbati the passage cited; Echah Rabbah the passage cited; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 776 יִתָּעַר יקרי וכ׳ let my dignity wake up. Berachoth 4ᵃ לאִתְעוּרֵי משנתיה (Munich manuscript לאִתְעוּרֵיה) for the purpose of (his) being waked up from his sleep; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 186. Vayikra Rabbah section 12, beginning א׳ משנתיה וכ׳ when he woke up from his sleep, he saw etc.; and frequently—Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 8 כיון דא׳ בך חמרא וכ׳ since that wicked man’s ass has been stirred up against thee (as it will be a constant reproach to thee that that man has caused thee to ride on the Sabbath), thou canst no longer stay etc.; [Matt. K.: since that wicked man’s ass has brayed at thee, as if from נער, see נָעַר I.] ↗ original

עוּר 2 (see next word) husk, chaff. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 14, 14ᵈ, see אוּר 2. ↗ original

עוֹר skin, hide. Betzah 1, 5, see דּוֹרְסָן. Kelim 26, 5 (6), see חַמָּר 2. the same place (ibid.) ע׳ הרופא the surgeon’s leather apron; ע׳ העריסה the leather sheet in the cradle; and very frequently—plural עוֹרוֹת. the same place (ibid.) 8 ע׳ בעל הבית the skins in the possession of a private man, opposite של עבדן, see עַבְּדָן. Avodah Zarah 2, 3, see לָבַב; and very frequently ↗ original

עִוֵּר 1 [white, blank,] blind. Bechoroth 44ᵃ (referring to Leviticus 21, 18) ע׳ בין סומא וכ׳ ‘ivver means both blind of one eye as well as of both; and elsewhere—Bava Metzia 5, 11, and frequently משום ולפני ע׳ וכ׳ it comes under the category of the law (Leviticus 19, 14), ‘place no stumbling block before the blind’ (cause no man to sin).—plural עִוְּרִים. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 146, 8 ומי הן הע׳ הדורות … כע׳ who are the blind? These latter generations that walk in the Law like blind men; and elsewhere—[Usually סוּמָא].—Denom. ↗ original

עִוֵּר 2 (Biblical Hebrew) to blind; to cause perversion of judgment. Sifré Deuteronomy 144 (referring to Deuteronomy 16, 19) כי השוחד יְעַוֵּר שאומר על וכ׳ ‘bribe blindeth’, that means, that (in old age) he will declare unclean what is clean etc.; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 907; Kethuboth 105ᵃ (see Peah 8, 9); Mechilta Mishpatim, section 20 (referring to Exodus 23, 8) יעור עיני חכמים בתורה blinds the judgment of scholars of the Law. Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְעַוֵּר to be blinded. Tanchuma Aḥăré 1 נִתְעַוִּרוּ עיניו his eyes were put out. ↗ original

עַוֵּר Targum 2 Kings 25, 7. Targum Onkelos Exodus 23, 8 מְעַוֵּר (edition Berlin edition מְעַוַר); and elsewhere Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְעַוֵּר to get blind. Shabbath 77ᵇ מִתְעַוְּרָא would get blind. ↗ original

עוֹרֵב raven, crow. Chullin 65ᵃ, and elsewhere אצל ע׳, see זַרְזִיר 2. the same place (ibid.) 63ᵃ ע׳ אוכמא the black ‘oreb (raven); ע׳ העמקי חיוורא the ‘oreb of the valley, the white spotted ‘oreb; ע׳ הבא בראשי יונים the ‘oreb (crow) that moves in advance of the doves. Sanhedrin 108ᵇ תשובה … ע׳ לנח the raven brought a convincing argument against Noah; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 58; the same place (ibid.) ע׳ רק the raven was punished inasmuch as he spits (semen from his mouth, Rashi). Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 23. Tosefta Shabbath 6 (7), 6; Shabbath 67ᵇ (see עוֹרַבְתָּא); and frequently—plural עוֹרְבִים. Chullin 5ᵃ (referring to I Kings 17, 6) ע׳ ממש ravens in the true sense; דילמא … שמייהו ע׳ might it not mean two men by the family name of ‘Oreb (as Judges 7, 25); Bereshith Rabbah section 33; and frequently ↗ original

עוּרְבָּא Targum Genesis 8, 7 (edition Vienna edition O. עָרְבָּא); and elsewhere—Betzah 21ᵃ; Chullin 124ᵇ א"ל ע׳ פרח said he to him, a raven flew by (an evasive answer). Bereshith Rabbah section 65 (referring to Genesis 27, 20) (Jacob through his pious speech came near frustrating his device) לע׳ דאייתי וכ׳ like a raven that carries fire to his nest (to warm his brood). Kethuboth 49ᵇ ע׳ בעי בניה וכ׳ the raven wants (and cares for his) children, and this man wants none; and elsewhere—plural עוֹרְבִין, עוֹרְבַיָּא, עוֹרְבֵי. Targum Isaiah 34, 11. Targum I Kings 17, 4; 6.—Berachoth 56ᵇ חזאי ע׳ וכ׳ I saw in my dream ravens which flew around my bed. ↗ original

עוֹרְבִי an inhabitant of a place called ‘Oreb (see עַרְבוּ).—plural עוֹרְבִים, עוֹרְבִיִּים. Chullin 5ᵃ (referring to הָעֹרְבִים, I Kings 17, 6) ודילמא על שם מקומן might it not have been men called ‘Or’bim after their place? אם כן עורביים מיבעי ליה if it were so, it ought to read ‘Or’biyim. ↗ original

עוֹרַבְתָּא (see עוֹרְבָא) she-raven. Shabbath 67ᵇ (in Hebr. dict.) האומר לעורב … ולע׳ וכ׳ if one says to a raven, croak, and to a she-raven, shriek and turn thy tail towards me (a superstitious practice); different interpretation or differently interpreted in Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 6 (7), 6. ↗ original

עוֹרַבְתִּי Be-‘Orabti, name of a family. Kiddushin 70ᵇ ↗ original

עוּרְדְּעָן frog. Bereshith Rabbah section 10 חמי חד ע׳ וכ׳ saw a frog carry a scorpion etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 972; (Koheleth Rabbah to 5, 8; Vayikra Rabbah section 22, see אוּרְיְּעָה).—plural עוּרְדְּעָנַיָּא. Targum Exodus 7, 27, and the following (edition Vienna edition O. עֻרְ׳); and elsewhere feminine a disease of the tongue (rana). Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 40ᵈ top, see אוּרְדַּעְנָה. ↗ original

עִוָּרוֹן blindness. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 146 אין צער גדול … כעִוְּרוֹן עינים there is no trouble so great … as blindness. ↗ original

עוּרְזִילָא , see אוּרְזִילָא ↗ original

עוּרְלָא = Hebrew עָרְלָה, prepuce. Targum Genesis 34, 14 (O. edition Berlin edition עוּרְלָה). the same place (ibid.) 17, 11; and frequently—Avodah Zarah 10ᵇ עוּרְלְתֵיה (see version of Munich manuscript, Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). Eruvin 19ᵃ עָרְלְתֵיה Munich manuscript (edition ערלתו, Hebrew form); and elsewhere—plural עוּרְלָתָא, עָרְ׳. Targum Joshua 5, 3 עוּרְ׳ edition Lagarde edition (other edition עָרְ׳, עַרְ׳). Targum I Samuel 18, 25 עָרְלַת construct state (edition Lagarde edition עורלות, correct accordingly). ↗ original

עוֹרְלָה , see עָרְלָה.—עוּרְלָה, see the preceding ↗ original

עוּרְמָא (עֲרַם) heap, pile.—plural עוּרְמָן. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 15, 8, see עְרֵימָה. ↗ original

עוֹרֶף hind part of the head with the neck, neck. Chullin 1, 4 השוחט מן הע׳ if one cuts the animal from the neck (frontward); the same place (ibid.) 19ᵇ מאי ע׳ what is meant by עורף? אילימא ע׳ ממש shall I say, the real ‘oref (occiput)? the same place (ibid.) מול הרואה את הע׳, see מוּל I. the same place (ibid.) (referring to Jeremiah 2, 27) מכלל דע׳ להדי פנים from this we conclude that ‘oref is the part opposite the face. Avodah Zarah 25ᵃ (referring to Genesis 49, 8) איזוהי מלחמה שצריכה יד כנגד ע׳ וכ׳ what kind of warfare requires the hand against (opposite) the neck? The bow; and frequently—Bava Bathra 25ᵃ (referring to Deuteronomy 32, 2 יערף) זו … שבאה מעוֹרְפּוֹ של עולם that is (the rain coming with) the western wind which comes from the hinder part (compare אחור, Isaiah 9, 11) of the world; Sifré Deuteronomy 306 שהוא עָרְפּוֹ של עולם. the same place (ibid.) Numbers 126; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 762, see פָּתִיל. separation, division. Chagigah 15ᵃ in the heavens above there is לא ישיבה … ולא ע׳ ולא עיפוי no sitting down (for deliberation), no conflict, no division and no junction (Maimonides to Sanhedrin Chaldaic (Aramaic) 10; Rashi: no back, i.e. everything is in sight, nor weariness). ↗ original

עוּרְפִּילָא (diminutive of ערף, see Deuteronomy 32, 2; 33, 28; see עָרַף) fine rain, drizzle. Taanith 4ᵃ top ע׳ אפילו וכ׳ (Munich manuscript ער׳) the drizzling rain is good even for the seeds under a hard clod. the same place (ibid.) (phonetic etym.) מאי ע׳ עורו פילי wake up, ye cracks (of the soil). ↗ original

עורקומא , see next word ↗ original

עוּרְקָמָא (ערקם, Parel of עקם) knee (compare בְּרֵכָה), ע׳ דמיא a pool. Yoma 78ᵃ עור׳ (Munich manuscript 2 ערקו׳; edition once עורקומא). Megillah 28ᵇ (Oxford manuscript ערקו׳); Kiddushin 71ᵇ hough of an animal’s hindleg. Chullin 76ᵃ ערקו׳.—Cmp. עַרְקוּב. ↗ original

עוּרְרָה , see עִירְרָה ↗ original

עוּשׁ (compare חוּשׁ) to take care, come to help. Bava Bathra 9ᵃ עוּשׁוּ אהדדי Munich manuscript (edition בהדי הדדי) take care of one another. ↗ original

עושינא , Targum Psalms 30, 8 edition Lagarde edition, see עַשִּׁין ↗ original

עוּשְׁנָא , see עָשְׁנָא ↗ original

עוֹשֶׁף (compare חסף, a. Biblical Hebrew חָשַׂף) the curved blade of a double-edged axe, that part which is used for paring or chipping, adze, contradistinguished to בית בקּיע that part which is used for splitting, see בִּיקּוּעַ. Kelim 13, 3 עוֹשְׁפֹּו (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) עָשְׁפּוֹ; Rabbenu Shimshon ad loc. (on the passage) reads: אָשְׁפֹּו). Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 1, 3 קרדום … ועשפו מן הטהור (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) ועשהו, Rabbenu Shimshon to Kelim 11, 4 ועשאו, correct accordingly) an axe which one made of unclean material, but the adze-shaped part of it is of clean material. ↗ original

עוּשְׁפָּא , adze. Targum I Samuel 13, 20 (Hebrew text מחְרֵשָׁה).—plural עוּשְׁפַּיָּא. the same place (ibid.) 21. ↗ original

עוֹשֶׁק withholding what is due to one’s neighbor, oppression. Sifra K’dosh., Chaldaic (Aramaic) 3, Parah 2 (referring to Leviticus 19, 13) אף ע׳ דבר של ממון ‘osheḳ likewise (like גזל) refers to money matters (not to personal injury). Bava Metzia 111ᵃ (interch. with עשק) לך ושוב … זהו ע׳ וכ׳ saying, go and come again (for thy wages etc.), that is ‘osheḳ; I have what is due to thee, but I will not give it thee, that is gazel (robbery). the same place (ibid.) איזהו ע׳ שחייבה וכ׳ what withholding is it for which the Law requires a sacrifice (Leviticus 5, 21 and the following)? דכפר ליה ממונא when one denies owing money. the same place (ibid.) זהו ע׳ זהו גזל ‘osheḳ and gazel are the same; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 605. Bava Metzia 48ᵃ יחד לו כלי לעשקו he assigned to him an object (as security) for the wages withheld from him; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 479 לעושקו; and frequently ↗ original

עוּשְׁקָא Targum Onkelos Leviticus 5, 23. Targum Isaiah 54, 14; and frequently—Targum 2 Esther 3, 8 מזבנין בע׳ they sell with oppression, i.e. overreach (compare הוֹנָאָה), opposite בשויאו at value.—plural עוּשְׁקַיָּא. Targum Proverbs 28, 16 עוּשְׁקוֹי (edition Vilna edition עוֹ׳). ↗ original

עוֹשֶׁר plenty, wealth, riches. Avoth 4, 9, see עִוֹנִי. Bava Bathra 9ᵇ בעלי ע׳ wealthy men; and elsewhere—Bereshith Rabbah section 63 (play on ויעתר, Genesis 25, 21; compare עוּתְרָא) שפך תפלות בע׳ he poured out prayers plentifully; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 110 כעתר (correct accordingly, or בְּעֶתֶר, a Hebr. adapt. of עוֹתַר). ↗ original

עוּת (see אוֹת I), Nif'al נֵעוֹת to be gratified, enjoy. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 39ᶜ top, and elsewhere Samuel reads יֵעוֹתוּ (with referring to לָעוּת, Isaiah 50, 4). ↗ original

*עוּת Pa'el עַיֵּית (the preceding) to make suitable, adjust. Echah Rabbah to 3, 9 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see צְמַד. ↗ original

עות , proper noun of a male person, see עַזָּת ↗ original

עָוַת see עָוָה) to be curved, crooked. Pi'el פִּעֵל עִוֵּת, עִיֵּות to pervert, wrest; to corruption Bamidbar Rabbah section 10 מתוך כך … ומְעַוְּותִין את הדין in consequence (of drinking) they cause the Law to be forgotten, and they pervert judgment. Niddah 10ᵇ אין בודקות … מפני שמְעַוְּותוֹת אותן (not בודקין) they (the women) must not examine them (the young girls) with the fingers, because they may corrupt them (teach them unnatural gratification; Rashi: they may wound them).—Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 15 (referring to מעות the same place (ibid.)) אם אין אדם מְעַוֵּות עצמו מדברי תורה וכ׳ as long as a person (though doing wrong) does not pervert himself through wilful misinterpretation of the Law, there is a remedy for him; משאדם מעוות וכ׳ but as soon as a person perverts himself etc.; and frequently—Niddah 12ᵇ (adapting Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) the passage cited) הן עִוְּתוּהָ הן תקנוה they make her crooked (the evidence on the cloths will make her unfit for marital intercourse), and they make her straight (if the evidence is favorable). to offend, excite displeasure; wound the feelings of. Sanhedrin 97ᵃ יְעַיֵּת; Derekh Erets Zut. Chaldaic (Aramaic) X יְעַוֵּות shall be offensive, see אָמַר 2. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 119, 78 אע"פ … מְעַוְּתִים אותי וכ׳ although the wicked insult me, I do not abandon the Law. to render offensive, loathsome. Sifré Deuteronomy 1; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 792 למה אתה מְעַוֵּות עלינו וכ׳ why dost thou make the Scriptures loathsome to us (by absurd interpretations)?—participle passive מְעֻוָּת, מְעוּוָּת; feminine מְעוֶּוּתֶת; plural מְעוּוָּתִים, מְעוּוָּתִין; מְעִוּוָּתוֹת, מְעֻוָּ׳ crooked, perverted, perverse. Koheleth Rabbah the passage cited בעולם הזה מי שהוא מע׳ וכ׳ in this world, he who is crooked may be straightened again (a sinner may amend his ways) etc. Shemoth Rabbah section 2, beginning (referring to עלילות, Psalms 103, 7, in contrast to Deuteronomy 22, 14) [read:] בשר ודם עלילותיו מע׳ וכ׳ the ʿăliloth (machinations) of man are perverse …, but the ʿăliloth (dispositions) of the Lord are merciful; and elsewhere Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְעַוֵּות to be curved, wrested; to be perverted; to deteriorate. Koheleth Rabbah the passage cited אין קורין מעוות … ונ׳ we do not call a thing perverted, unless it was at a time straight (right), and it became curved. the same place (ibid.) משנִתְעַיְּותוּ המים וכ׳ when the waters dating from creation became deteriorated. Sotah 41ᵇ נִתְעַוְּותוּ הדינין (or הדַּיָּנִין, see Rashi ad loc. (on the passage)) the courts became depraved. the same place (ibid.) 47ᵇ נתעוותו הדינין justice became corrupt; (Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 14, 3 נתקלקל הדין). ↗ original

עֲוַת Pa'el פִּעֵל עַוֵּית, עַוֵּות to offend, oppress. Targum Psalms 119, 78. Targum 2 Esther 1, 1 מלכא מְעַוְּותָא a tyrannous king. to do a thing wrong. Berachoth 14ᵇ שלוחא הוא דע׳ the servant did the wrong thing. Kethuboth 85ᵃ, and frequently לתקוני שדרתיך ולא לעַוּוּתֵי I deputed thee to do the right thing (to benefit me), but not to do it wrong (impair my cause); Nedarim 36ᵃ ↗ original

עַוְתָא (עֲוֵי, see עָאֲתָא) crookedness, perverseness, wrong. Targum Proverbs 4, 24 manuscript (edition Lagarde edition עתא; edition Vilna edition עאתא). the same place (ibid.) 10, 29; and elsewhere proper noun of a place Avtha (Wrong). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 14, 15 (Hebrew text חוֹבָה). ↗ original

עַוְתָא ² (עֲוַת) perverse person. Targum Proverbs 3, 32 (Hebrew text נלוז). ↗ original

עוּתֵּיק (see עַתִּיק) old (wine); שתי ע׳ drank old wine, i.e. has clear eye-sight. Yerushalmi (prefix) Niddah 2, end, 50ᵇ ר"ה שתי ע׳ R. Ḥ. is an expert in examining colors; ר"י לא שתי ע׳ is R. J. no expert? ר"ה שתי ע׳ דע׳ R. Ḥ. is a great expert. ↗ original

עַוְתָנַאי K’far Avthanai, in Galilee. Gittin 1, 5; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 4. the same place (ibid.) 7 (5), 9; Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 7, end, 11ᶜ ↗ original

עוּתֵּק , see עוּתֵּיק ↗ original

עוּתִקָא (the preceding) old age. Bava Bathra 91ᵇ לכל מילי ע׳ מעלי וכ׳ Manuscript Hamburg (Munich manuscript לכל מילי מעלי עתיקא; edition כל מילי עתיקא מעליא) for all things age is an advantage, except etc. ↗ original

עוֹתַר (עֲתַר) = Hebrew עוֹשֶׁר, wealth, plenty. Targum I Samuel 17, 25. Targum Proverbs 22, 1; and frequently—Moed Katan 28ᵃ עוּתְרֵיה דרב וכ׳ R. Ḥisda’s fortune; and elsewhere ↗ original

עַז strong, firm; vehement, rough; (of colors) bright, intense; (of smell and taste) pungent, acrid. Yoma 67ᵇ (explained עזאזל) שיהא עז וקשה the mountain must be rough and hard (rocky). Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 852 (referring to Psalms 99, 4) you will find, מי שהוא עז וכ׳ he who is powerful does not care to abide by the law; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms the passage cited edition Buber edition עוז (correct accordingly). Avoth 5, 20 הוי עז כנמר וכ׳ be strong (energetic) like a tiger … to do the will of thy Father in heaven; and frequently—עז פנים insolent, impudent. Avoth the passage cited; and elsewhere—Fem. עַזָּה. Nega'im 1, 1, and frequently, see בַּהֶרֶת. Kerithoth 6ᵃ כדי שתהא ע׳ that it may have a pungent flavor.—plural עַזִּים, עַזִּין; עַזּוֹת. Betzah 25ᵇ מפני מה … מפניּ שהם ע׳ why was the Law given to Israel? Because they are impetuous (and the Law was to discipline them). the same place (ibid.) שלשה ע׳ הן וכ׳ three (creatures) are of a vehement temper, Israel among the nations, the dog among the beasts etc.; and frequently—Shabbath 30ᵇ; Berachoth 16ᵇ עַזֵּי פנים insolent people, see עַזּוּת. Taanith 7ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֹז , see עוֹז ↗ original

עֵז common gender (Biblical Hebrew; goat. Betzah 25ᵇ אף עז וכ׳ (among the aggressive creatures, see עַז) also the goat among the small cattle. Bechoroth 3, 1 עז בת שנתה וכ׳ that born of a goat in her first year belongs surely to the priest (as first-born); and frequently—plural עִזִּים. Chullin 113ᵇ; and frequently—5. עִיזָּה. ↗ original

עֵז ² Chaldaic (Aramaic), see עִיז ↗ original

עֻזָּא , see עוּזָּא ↗ original

עַזַּאי ʿAzzai; שמעון בן ע׳, or בן ע׳ (Simon) Ben Azzai, a Tannai, disciple and colleague of R. ʿĂḳiba. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 3, beginning 47ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 9, end, 17ᵇ; Babylonian Bava Bathra 158ᵇ, and elsewhere, see חָבֵר. Avoth 4, 2. Tosefta Maʿǎser Sheni 2, 5. Sotah 9, 15. Yevamoth 63ᵇ; and frequently—5. Friedman Darkhé, p. 135 and the following ↗ original

עֲזָאֵל ʿĂzael, name of a fallen angel. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 6, 4 עוּזִּיאֵל.—Yoma 67ᵇ, and elsewhere, see עוּזָּא 2. ↗ original

עֲזָאזֵל (Biblical Hebrew) Azazel, (Fort,), a rough and rocky mountain. Yoma 67ᵇ ע׳ קשה שבהרים Az. means the hardest of the mountains. the same place (ibid.) ע׳ עז וקשה, see עַז; and elsewhere ↗ original

עָזַב (Biblical Hebrew) [to cut off,] to relieve an animal broken down under its load (see פָּרַק), help to unload. Mechilta Mishpatim section 20 (referring to Exodus 23, 5) פעמים שאתה חדל ופעמים שאתה עוֹזֵב at times you may abstain, at times you must help. the same place (ibid.) פריקה מנין ת"ל עָזוֹב וכ׳ whence do we derive the duty of unloading? It says (Exodus the passage cited), thou must release with him; Bava Metzia 32ᵃ. Tanchuma Mishpatim 1 עֲזוֹב קימעה מכאן וכ׳ loosen (the load) here a little, raise there etc. to leave, abandon. Sotah 12ᵃ; Shemoth Rabbah section 1 (referring to עזובה, I Chronicles 2, 18) עזובה … שהכל עֲזָבוּהָ Azubah is Miriam … for all (young men) left her alone (ignored her on account of her sickliness). Midrash Tehillim to Psalms X וציון אמרה עֶזָבַנִי וכ׳ and Zion said, he has forsaken and forgotten me. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 92 מי שמורה … ועוֹזֵב וכ׳ he who confesses his sins and forsakes (them, Proverbs 28, 13); and frequently Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶעֶזִיב to untie, release; to effect a divorce. Gittin 32ᵇ גט זה … לא יַעֲזִיב this letter shall have no effect, shall not untie, shall not release, contradistinguished to אינו מַעֲזִיב does not release, see יָעַל. Pi'el פִּעֵל עִיזֵּב to make worth abandoning, make abominable. Yalkut Shimoni Hosea 527 (referring to Isaiah 1, 4) אל תיקרי עזבו אלא עִיזְּבוּ read not, ‘they have forsaken’, but, ‘they have made (me) worth abandoning (caused me to be cruel); Tanchuma B’huck. 2 עוזבו אתי (read עיזבו אותי). Pesikta Rabbati section 31 (referring to עזבני, Isaiah 49, 14) עִיזְּבַנִי he has made me contemptible. Nif'al נִפְעַל נֶעֱזָב to be forsaken. Vayikra Rabbah section 35 (referring to Psalms 37, 25) נ׳ מיראתו וכ׳ forsaken of his fear of the Lord. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעַזֵּב to be abandoned, neglected, hated. Bereshith Rabbah section 45 ומִתְעַזֶּבֶת, see כָּעַר; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 14 ומתעבת, edition Vilna edition מתעובת (correct accordingly, or read: מְתוֹעֶבֶת, see תָּעַב). Pesikta Rabbati the passage cited והיו … ומִתְעַזְּבוֹת בפניהם and they became abominable and hateful in their sight. ↗ original

עֲזַב , to forsake.—participle passive עָזֵיב. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 61ᵃ מצורע ע׳ ‘leper’ (2 Samuel 3, 29) means abandoned (lonely).—5. שְׁזֵיב. ↗ original

עִזְגַּד = אִיזְגַּד. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 31, 4 (some edition אַ׳). the same place (ibid.) 49, 21. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 13, 4, and the following, and elsewhere—plural עִזְגַּדַּיָּא, עִזְגַּדִּין, עַ׳. the same place (ibid.) 21, 21. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 32, 7 (edition Vienna edition א׳); and elsewhere ↗ original

עַזָּה 1 feminine, see עַז ↗ original

עַזָּה 2 (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a place Gaza, one of the chief cities of the Philistines. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 39ᵈ top יריד ע׳; Babylonian Avodah Zarah 11ᵇ, see עַטְלֵיז. Tosefta Nega'im 6, 1; Sanhedrin 71ᵃ תחום ע׳ the district of Gaza. Bamidbar Rabbah section 9, and elsewhere, see קִילְקוּל; Tosefta Sotah 3, 15 עַזָּתָה. ↗ original

עִזָּה , see עִיזָּה ↗ original

עֻזָּה , see עוּזָּה ↗ original

עֲזוּבָה (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a female person Azubah. Sotah 12ᵃ, and elsewhere, see עָזַב.—[Nedarim 22ᵃ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see עֲזִיבָה]. ↗ original

עִזּוּז majestic. Berachoth 33ᵇ; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 19. ↗ original

עַזּוּת (see עַז) with פנים or מצח, insolence, effrontery. Kiddushin 70ᵇ כל כהן שיש לו ע׳ פ׳ וכ׳ (not בו) any priest that is insolent is surely one of them (the slaves of Pashḥur). the same place (ibid.) אם ראית כהן בע׳ מ׳ וכ׳ if thou seest an insolent priest, do not criticise him, for it is said (Hosea 4, 4) etc. Shabbath 30ᵇ; Berachoth 16ᵇ שתצילנו מעזי פנים ומע׳ פ׳ save us from contact with insolent men and from being insolent; (Rashi: from giving reason for the imputation of spurious descent, a sign of which is insolence). Taanith 7ᵇ כל אדם שיש לו ע׳ פ׳ (Munich manuscript עזות only), see above. Kiddushin 49ᵇ עשרה קבים ע׳ וכ׳ ten measures of insolence have come down into the world, nine of them Meshan took etc.; and elsewhere harshness. Devarim Rabbah section 2 ענה אותו ע׳ gave him a harsh answer. ↗ original

עָזַז , under the word חֲזָזִית) [to sting, be pointed, flinty;] to be hard, strong, see עַז. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֵעֵז (of color) (of color) to be bright, intense. Sifra Thazr., Nega'im, Parah 2, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 2, see כָּהָה. ה׳ פנים to set one’s face against; to dare, be insolent. Bava Bathra 131ᵃ והֵעַזְתִּי פני, see יַלְדּוּת. Berachoth 62ᵃ עד כאן הֵעַזְתָּ פניך ברבך hast thou dared so much against thy teacher (as to enter into his private rooms)? Zevachim 102ᵃ הָעֵיז פניך בו defy him to strengthen, encourage. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 118, 7 תָּעֵיזּוּ לבבכם (or תָּעִיזוּ, frequently עוּז) strengthen your hearts, take courage. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעַזֵּז to become strong; to be daring, defiant. Midrash Tehillim to 9, 20 (referring to יָעֹז, the same place (ibid.)) אל יִתְעַזְּזוּן במלכותן ואל יתעזזון בשלותן let them not be defiant on account of their royal power, or on account of their prosperity; (edition Buber edition, Chaldaic (Aramaic) לא יתע׳ במלכותיהן ובלישניהון let them not be daring with their power or their tongues); Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 645. ↗ original

עֲזַז Ithpaal אִתְעַזַּז same, see the preceding ↗ original

עֲזָזֵיל masculine Chaldaic (Aramaic) = עֲזָאזֵל. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 16, 8; 10 edition Berlin edition (other edition a. Yerushalmi (prefix) עֲזָאזֵל). ↗ original

עֻזְיָא , see עוּזְיָא ↗ original

עֻזִּיָּה , see עוּזִּיָּה ↗ original

עֲזִיבָה (עָזַב) abandoning, giving up, renouncing (in favor of the poor, Leviticus 19, 10). Chullin 131ᵇ וכולן … מ"ט ע׳ כתיב בהו and from all of them the owner must not derive the benefit of putting a person under obligation (see טוֹבָה), because ‘abandoning’ (עזב) is written about them (Leviticus the passage cited). Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 4, end, 19ᵃ שהן בע׳ they must be abandoned. the same place (ibid.) 5, beginning 19ᵇ (referring to תעזב אתם, Leviticus the passage cited) יש לך ע׳ אחרת כזו (it intimates that) there is another abandonment like this (renouncing one’s property in favor of the poor, see הֶפְקֵר). Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 11, 42ᶜ bottom of the page מעשר עני ניתן בזכייה ואלו בע׳ the tithe of the poor is given to the poor by way of a transfer (to a certain person), but these (gifts) are abandoned (the owner having no right of disposal). forsaking. Echah Rabbah to 5, 20 ארבעה דברים … מאיסה וגעילה ע׳ ושכיחה Jeremiah used four expressions: rejection, loathing, forsaking, and forgetting. Bereshith Rabbah section 69 (referring to Genesis 28, 15) אין ע׳ אלא פרנסה forsaking refers to sustenance (with referring to Psalms 37, 25); Vayikra Rabbah section 35; and elsewhere shunning, unworthiness. Nedarim 22ᵃ (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) מלין דע׳ things which must be shunned (indecencies); (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) מלין דעֲזוּבָה things worthy of an abandoned woman). ↗ original

עַזִּיז (עֲזַז) strong, intense. Sanhedrin 7ᵃ, see סַפְסֵירָא.—plural עַזִּיזִין, עֲזִ׳; construct state עֲזִיזֵי. Targum Isaiah 7, 18. ↗ original

עַזִּיזָא 2 (the preceding) sting, insult. Targum Proverbs 15, 1 (Hebrew text עצב). ↗ original

עֲזִיזוּתָא (the preceding) hardihood; עֲזִיזוּת לבא obduracy. Echah Rabbah to 3, 65 (explained מגנת לב the same place (ibid.)). ↗ original

עֲזֵיל , see עֲזַל ↗ original

עֲזִיל (עֲזַל) yarn, web. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 39ᶜ דיזבון ליה ע׳ קטן מן וכ׳ that he should buy him some small web at the fair of the Saturnalia of Beshan. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 2, beginning 8ᵇ, see מִקְטוֹרָא. ↗ original

עֲזֵיקָה , see עֲזֵקָה ↗ original

עֲזַל (see אֲזַל 2, a. זוּל 2) to wind the yarn; to spin. Targum Exodus 35, 25 (O. edition Vienna edition מְעַזְּלָא Pa'el). Targum 2 Chronicles 9, 15; and elsewhere—participle passive עָזִיל, עֲזִיל. Targum Exodus the passage cited (manuscript מְעַזֵּיל, read: מְעַזַּל, participle passive Pa'el). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 22, 11.—Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 9, see מַעֲזֵילָא. ↗ original

עִזְלָא (the preceding) web. Targum Psalms 57, 3.—5. אִיזְלָא. ↗ original

עֲזַם , see חֲזַם ↗ original

עָזַק Pi'el; compare חָזַק) [to press,] to break clods and level the ground; to break ground; to till. Menachoth 85ᵇ היה עוֹזֵק תחת זיתיו (compare בָּלַשׁ; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 962 עוסק; Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 950 מוסק) was hacking and levelling the ground under his olive trees. Oholoth 18, 5 העוזק בית הפרס he who breaks a field suspected of containing human bones (see פְּרָס). Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 17, 9 עֲזָקוֹ אין לך בדיקה וכ׳ if he broke the ground, there is no better way of examining than this. Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 2, 58ᵃ top (referring to בית יעזק, see יַעְזֵק) ששם היו עוֹזְקִין את ההלכה for there they cultivated (levelled) the law; and elsewhere to hold fast. Chullin 94ᵃ עוזק אחת בפיו וכ׳ holding one piece in his mouth and two in his hands. ↗ original

עֲזָק (the preceding) compress, see עֲדָק 2. see עֲזֵקָה ↗ original

עִזְקָא (the preceding words) fetter, handcuff.—plural עִזְקַיָּא, עִי׳. Targum Jeremiah 40, 1 (Hebrew text אזקים). ↗ original

עִזְקָא ² (the preceding; compare חִיזְקָא) clasp, ring, signet-ring. Targum Exodus 28, 11 (O. edition Vienna edition עִזְקָן plural). Targum Onkelos Genesis 38, 18; and frequently—Gittin 68ᵃ ע׳ דחקיק עלה שם a ring on which the divine name was engraven; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 78, 45. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 4, 44ᵃ top חד ע׳ צר a ring on which was a figure (Buber edition the same place (ibid.) 43ᵃ טבעת ועליה צורת דרקין); and frequently—[Vayikra Rabbah section 13 כעזקתא סומקתא, read: כעַרְקְתָא.]—Transferred (see טַבַּעַת) anus, end of the rectum. Koheleth Rabbah, to 7, 19; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 976.—plural עִזְקיָּא, עִיזְ׳; עִזְקָתָא, עִזְקָן; עִי׳. Targum Exodus 25, 12; 14; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᵇ bottom of the page (explained וטבעת Numbers 31, 50). ↗ original

עֲזֵקָה (עָזַק 1) a newly broken field. Tosefta Demai 5, 2 (a gentile vender praising his goods) פירות ע׳ הם edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (other edition עֲזָק) they are fruits of a new land (in which case they would be forbidden as ʿOrlah); Yevamoth 122ᵃ ↗ original

עִזְקִתָא , see עִזְקָא 2 ↗ original

עָזַר [to surround,] to help, protect. Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 759 (play on אל אלעזר, Numbers 19, 3) אל אל עוֹזֵר (give her, i.e. Rome, over) to the helping God (omitted in Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Parah, p. 41ᵃ; Pesikta Rabbati section 14). Yevamoth 63ᵃ (referring to Genesis 2, 20) זכה עוֹזַרְתּוֹ וכ׳ if he deserves well, she is a help to him etc., see next word—Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 121 אתם יודעים מי עוזר אתכם עושה וכ׳ do you know who is your helper? The maker of heaven and earth. Bereshith Rabbah section 44 (referring to Genesis 15, 2 דמשק אליעזר) שבשבילו רדפתי מלכים עד דמשק וַיְעַזְרֵנִי האל for his (Lot’s) sake I pursued the kings as far as Damascus, and God helped me; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֵזֶר the preceding) help; in a transferred sense (after Genesis 2, 20) helpmate. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 12 ועשאה ע׳ וכ׳ (not ועשתה) and he made her a help and placed her opposite him. the same place (ibid.) משבנה לו ע׳ אשה when he had built for him a helpmate named ishshah. the same place (ibid.) אם זכה תהיה לו ע׳ וכ׳ if he deserves well, she will be to him a help, if not, an opposition; Bereshith Rabbah section 17, and elsewhere, see נֶגֶד. Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 62 לאדם ולעֶזְרוֹ for Adam and his wife; Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 20. the same place (ibid.) Chaldaic (Aramaic) 21 אדם ועוזרו (correct accordingly); and elsewhere ↗ original

עֶזְרָא (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Ezra, 1) the priest and scribe. the priest and scribe. Sukkah 20ᵃ כשנשתכחה … עלה ע׳ מבבל ויסדה when the Law was forgotten in Israel, Ezra came from Babylonia and re-established it. Berachoth 27ᵇ; Menachoth 53ᵃ עשירי לע׳ a descendant of Ezra in the tenth generation. Megillah 15ᵃ מלאכי זה ע׳ Malachi is Ezra; and very frequently—(ספר) ע׳ the Book of Ezra (and Nehemiah). Bava Bathra 14ᵇ.—[Moed Katan 3, 4 (18ᵇ) ספר ע׳, see עֲזָרָה.] name of several Amoraim. Menachoth the passage cited—Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 2, beginning 19ᵈ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 68ᶜ top עֶזְרָה; and frequently ↗ original

עֻזְרָד , see עוּזְרָד ↗ original

עֶזְרָה 1 proper noun of a male person, see עֶזְרָא ↗ original

עֶזְרָה 2 help. Taanith 3, 7 (19ᵃ) לע׳ ולא לצעקה (you may blow the alarm on the Sabbath to summon people) for help, but not for prayer. Kiddushin 6ᵃ עֶזְרָתִי מהו (if one says to a woman) ‘be my help’, how is it (is she betrothed)?, see עֵזֶר. ↗ original

עֲזָרָה enclosure, especially Temple court. Middoth 1, 4 שבעה שערים היו בע׳ the Temple court had seven gates. the same place (ibid.) 2, 5 עֶזְרַת הנשים the women’s compartment in the Temple court; עזרת ישראל the men’s compartment (for non-priests). the same place (ibid.) 6 כל הע׳ וכ׳ the whole ʿĂzarah was one hundred and seventy five cubits long etc.; and very frequently—ספר הע׳ the copy of the Torah used in the Temple court. Moed Katan 3, 4 (18ᵇ) ספר הע׳ (variant reading עזרא the copy deposited by Ezra). Bava Bathra 14ᵇ top of the page Kelim 15, 6; and frequently ↗ original

עֲזַרְיָה (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Azariah, A. ben Oded, the prophet. Vayikra Rabbah section 19.—2) one of the Jewish exiles at the Babylonian court, see חֲנַנְיָא. Shabbath 67ᵃ; and very frequently—3) brother of Simon. Zevachim 1, 2 שמעון אחי ע׳; Tohoroth 8, 7.—Vayikra Rabbah section 25 ע׳ עוסק בפרקמטיא וניתן וכ A. was engaged in trade, and supported his brother Simon. Sotah 21ᵃ.—4) father of R. Elazar, see אֶלְעָזָר.—5) name of several Amoraim. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 2ᵈ top of the page Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 9ᵇ (probably identical with R. Ezra). Vayikra Rabbah section 10, beginning Pesikta Rabbati section 14; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Parah, p. 39ᵃ.—Pesikta Rabbati section 16 ר׳ ע׳ דכפר חטייה; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Eth. Korb., p. 61ᵃ; Vayikra Rabbah section 7; and frequently ↗ original

עֲזַרְתָּא = Hebrew עֲזָרָה, court. Targum Isaiah 10, 32 (edition Vilna edition עֲזָרָתָא, plural). Targum I Samuel 3, 3 עֲזָרַת construct state; and elsewhere—plural עֲזָרָתָא. Targum Isaiah 1, 12 עֲזָרָתָי (not … תִי). ↗ original

עַזָּתָה , see עַזָּה 2 ↗ original

עֵט (= Biblical Hebrew עֵט; עטט, compare חטט) style, pencil. Targum Jeremiah 17, 1. ↗ original

עֵטָא , see עֵיטָא ↗ original

עֲטָא , see עטי ↗ original

עָטוֹף , plural עֲטוֹפִין, see עָטִיף. ↗ original

עִטּוּף , see supply (understood word) עִיטּ׳. ↗ original

עֲטוּשָׁיָא of ʿAṭṭush, surname of one R. Yitsḥak. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 3, beginning 18ᶜ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 8, 20ᵈ bottom of the page (edition Krot. עטישׂ׳). Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 82ᵇ top; and elsewhere—5. Friedman M’bo, p. 106ᵇ ↗ original

עטי (Biblical Hebrew) to wrap up; to cover one’s self. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 7 וע׳ את בגדו וכ׳ and rolled up his cloak and went off. the same place (ibid.) כאבל הזה שהוא עוֹטֶה על שפמו וכ׳ like the mourner that wraps himself up to his lip and weeps. Nedarim 49ᵇ ברוך שעָטַנִי מעיל blessed be he who wrapped me in a cloak; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֲטֵי Targum Psalms 109, 29 manuscript (edition ויעטפ׳). ↗ original

עֳטִי (עטה to press on; compare יעץ, יעט; see I Samuel 15, 19) urging, instigation. Shabbath 55ᵇ בת מי שמת בעֶטְיוֹ של נחש the daughter of him who died (for the sin committed) through the instigation of the serpent, i.e. for no sin of his own; Bava Bathra 17ᵃ (compare Targum Ruth 4, 22). the same place (ibid.) ארבעה מתו בעטיו של נחש four persons died through no sin of their own.—5. עֵיטָא. ↗ original

עֲטֵילָא , see עַטְלָא ↗ original

עֲטִינִים (עָטַן) packed olives, beginning to drip. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 2, beginning 81ᵃ מתניתן בע׳ the Mishnah (Moed Katan 2, 1) speaks of packed olives, opposite גרגרים loose berries. ↗ original

עַטִּינִין masculine plural (transpos. of נטע), see אַטִּינִין ↗ original

עָטִיף (עָטף 2) wrap, cloak.—plural עֲטִיפִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 7, 21ᵇ top (edition Krot. עֲטוֹפִין); Ruth Rabbah to 3, 3 עֲטוֹפִים (some edition עֲטָפִין). ↗ original

עֲטֵיף bosom, lap, see עִיטְפָא. ↗ original

עֲטִיפָה 1 (עָטַף 1) fainting, exhaustion. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 102, 1 edition Buber edition (referring to עֲטֻפִים, Genesis 30, 42) אותם שקנה בעֲטִיפת תפלה those he obtained by exhaustion in prayer. the same place (ibid.) אין ע׳ אלא תפלה, see עָטַף I. ↗ original

עֲטִיפָה 2 (עָטַף) wrapping one’s self up in mourning. Moed Katan 24ᵃ כל ע׳ שאינה כעֲטִיפַת וכ׳ a covering which is not like the covering of the Ishmaelites (up to the lip) is not a mourner’s covering. putting on a cloak, upper garment. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 8, 21ᵇ top כעֲטִיפָתֵנוּ בחול וכ׳ as we dress on week days, so do we on the Sabbath (we have no change of cloaks); Ruth Rabbah to 3, 3. Bereshith Rabbah section 11, beginning ברכו בע׳ he blessed it (the Sabbath) with the distinction of a special cloak; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 16. Bereshith Rabbah section 82 שינו עֲטִיפָתָן וכ׳ changed their (Jewish) cloaks in days of persecution; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 136; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 263. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 5, 9 מלך בשר ודם מעֲטִיפָתוֹ ניכר a human king is distinguished by his cloak. Treatise Derekh Erets Zuta Chaldaic (Aramaic) V בארבעה … ובעטיפתן by four things are scholars recognized … by their cloaks; and elsewhere ↗ original

עַטִּיר (עֲטַר 3) smoking. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Exodus 20, 15. ↗ original

עָטִיר , see עֲטִר ↗ original

עֲטֵישׁ , see עֲטַשׁ ↗ original

עֲטִישָׁה ) sneezing. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 52 חייב אדם לומר בעֲטִישָׁתוֹ חיים on sneezing man must say, Life! (referring to Job 41, 10), see עָטַשׁ. ↗ original

עֲטִישָׁיָא , see עֲטוּשָׁיָא ↗ original

עֵטִיתָא , see עֵיטָא ↗ original

עָטַל ʿAṭal. Esther Rabbah to 1, 5 חנינא בר ע׳ (Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 6, 7ᶜ bottom of the page בר עגול). ↗ original

עַטְלָא = Hebrew עָצֵל, lazy, laggard. Targum Proverbs 10, 26. the same place (ibid.) 22, 13 (manuscript עֲטֵילָא); and frequently—plural עַטְלֵי. the same place (ibid.) 15, 19. ↗ original

עטלוזא , see עַטְלֵיז ↗ original

עַטְלוּתָא (preceding article) idleness, laziness. Targum Proverbs 19, 15. ↗ original

עַטְלֵיז = אטְלֵיז, bazaar, fair. Avodah Zarah 11ᵇ עַטְלֵיזָהּ של עזה Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition עטלוזא, עטלוזה; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 20) the bazaar of Gaza (outside of the town). ↗ original

עֲטַלֵּיפָא , see עֲטַלֵּפָא ↗ original

עֲטַלֵּף supposed to be compound or composed of עטל a. עוף, see Ges. Thes., a. Ges. H. Dictionary¹⁰ under the word) bat. Sanhedrin 98ᵇ אמר לו תרנגול לע׳ וכ׳ the cock said to the bat, I look out for the light, because the light is mine (I see it), but etc. Bechoroth 7ᵇ, see לָקַט. Bava Kamma 16ᵃ, see עַרְפָּד. ↗ original

עֲטַלֵּפָא Targum Onkelos Leviticus 11, 19; Deuteronomy 14, 18. ↗ original

עֲטַם = אַטְמָא, flank. Targum 2 Esther 1, 2 עִיטְמֵיה edition Lagarde edition (other edition איטמיה).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 70ᵈ חד ע׳ (not חדא) one flank; (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 7ᵃ bottom of the page אטמא דעיגלא). ↗ original

עָטַן (compare טנן; see Targum Job 21, 24 for עטיניו, a. meanings of Arab. ʿaṭana) [to moisten, cause dripping,] to pack olives in a vat preparatory to crushing. Menachoth 8, 4 (86ᵃ) הזית השלישי עוֹטְנוֹ בתוך הבית וכ׳ (Munich manuscript בבית, Babylonian edition בבית הבד) the third crop of olives (which are hard) he packs in the house, until they begin to rot etc. Tosefta Tohoroth 10, 4 העוֹטֵין זיתיו בין שני בדין (Rabbenu Shimshon to Tohoroth 9, 3 העוֹטֵן … בשני בתים) if a man divides his olives and packs them in two separate pits (houses); and frequently—participle passive עָטוּן; plural עֲטוּנִים, עֲטוּנִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 6, 25ᶜ bottom of the page דרך … לאכול זיתיהן ע׳ ע"י עילה (strike out אלא) it is customary for people for some cause to use their packed olives for eating.—5. עֲטִינִים. ↗ original

עִטְּנִין , see עַטִּינִין ↗ original

עטעמה , see מַטְעֲמָה ↗ original

עָטַף 1 of Arab. ʿaṭafa, a. ʿaṭaba) to be lax, hang down; in a transferred sense to droop, faint; to lag behind, be slow. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 61, 3 עד חיכן … עד שיַעֲטוֹף (edition Buber edition עד שיע׳ לבו) how long must a man remain in prayer? Until he (his heart) is faint. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 73, 6 ואין יעטוף אלא לשון לידה edition Buber edition (other edition אלא ילוד) yaʿăṭof (the same place (ibid.)) has the meaning of (drooping) giving birth (by homiletical referring to Genesis 30, 42). Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 102, 1 ואין יעטוף אלא תפלה yaʿăṭof (the same place (ibid.)) means (exhaustion from) prayer (different interpretation or differently interpreted in edition Buber edition, see עֲטִיפָה I. Bereshith Rabbah section 24 (referring to Isaiah 57, 16) מהו יעטוף משלהי ליה what does yaʿăṭof mean? It (the wind) becomes wearied; Yalkut Shimoni Kings 219; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᵈ top; and elsewhere Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעַטֵּף, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְעַטֵּף to faint. Tanchuma Hăaz. 8 נתע׳ רוח האב his father’s spirit fainted. ↗ original

עָטַף 2 see the preceding) [to let hang over,] to wrap one’s self up, to put on an upper garment. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 3, 38ᵃ bottom of the page עתיד … לַעֲטוֹף טליתו וכ׳ wicked Esau (Rome) shall put on his cloak (for prayer, see טַלִּית) and sit down among the righteous etc.—participle passive עָטוּף; plural עֲטוּפִים, עֲטוּפִין. Bamidbar Rabbah section 20 נראין ע׳ לשלום they appeared cloaked for peace, opposite מזויינין למלחמה in armor for war. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 40ᵃ bottom of the page ע׳ ויושבין wrapped (in the judge’s cloak) and seated. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעַטֵּף, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְעַטֵּף same. Shabbath 10ᵃ משיִתְעַטְּפוּ הדיינין when the judges put their cloaks on. the same place (ibid.) 31ᵃ נ׳ ויצא וכ׳ he (Hillel) wrapped himself up and came out to meet him. Kethuboth 66ᵇ נִתְעַטְּפָה בשערה she covered herself with her hair. Berachoth 16ᵇ ותִתְעַטֵּף בחסידותיך clothe thyself in thy kindness; and frequently ↗ original

עֲטַף 1 Targum Jeremiah 43, 12 וַעֲטַף Bxt. (edition וירוקין). Targum Psalms 84, 7 (manuscript Pa'el). the same place (ibid.) 109, 29, see עֲטֵי.—participle passive עָטִיף, עֲטִיף; plural עֲטִיפִין; עֲטִיפָן. Targum I Samuel 28, 14. Targum 2 Esther 1, 3.—Moed Katan 28ᵇ (in a funeral dirge) עְטוּף וכסו טורי וכ׳ wrap and cover yourselves (in festive garments), ye mountains, for he (the deceased) is etc. Pa'el פִּעֵל עטֵּף to put on, cover. Targum Isaiah 61, 10. Targum Psalms 89, 46 עַטֵּיפְתָּ (edition Vilna edition עִטַפְ׳ Pe.). the same place (ibid.) 84, 7 (see above); and elsewhere—participle passive מְעַטַּף. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 13, 45 (edition Vienna edition מְעַטֵּף). Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְעַטֵּף, אִתְעַטֵּיף, , אִיעַטֵּף to cover one’s self. Targum Onkelos Leviticus the passage cited Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 24, 65. the same place (ibid.) 38, 14 (edition Vienna edition אַעַטְפַת Af'el, incorr.). Targum Psalms 104, 2; and frequently—Shabbath 10ᵃ לביש ומתכסי ימִתְעַטֵּף וכ׳ dressed and put an upper garment on and covered his head with it and prayed. the same place (ibid.) 119ᵃ מִיעַטֵּף וקאי וכ׳ (Rashi מתע׳) was wrapped (in his festive cloak) and stood (ready to receive the Sabbath); Bava Kamma 32ᵇ top; and frequently ↗ original

*עֲטַף 2 (compare נטף) to float. Sukkah 53ᵃ, see below. Pa'el פִּעֵל עַטֵּף to cause to float; to drown. the same place (ibid.) דעַטְּפַת עַטְּפוּךְ ודעַטְּפוּךְ יְעַטְפוּן Munich manuscript (edition דאטיפת אטפוך וכ׳), see טוּף. ↗ original

עָטָף ; plural עֲטָפִין, see עָטִיף. ↗ original

עֲטַף , see עִיטְפָא ↗ original

עָטַר [to cut off, surround,] to wreathe, adorn.—participle passive עָטוּר. Pesikta Rabbati section 9, beginning כוס … שיהא מודח ושיהא ע׳ וכ׳ the goblet of benediction must be cleansed (shining), wreathed and full; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 7, end, 11ᵈ מלא ע׳ ומודח (not עיטור), see below. Pi'el פִּעֵל עִיטֵּר same. Berachoth 51ᵃ ר׳ י׳ מְעַטְּרֵהוּ בתלמידים R. J. wreathed it (the goblet of benediction) by placing scholars around it (see above). Bikkurim 3, 9 מְעַטְּרִין את וכ׳ the first fruits must be decorated with plants not belonging to the seven kinds of fruits. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 65ᶜ היה מְעַטְּרָן תאנים decorated them with figs. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 68ᵇ bottom of the page Betzah 5ᵃ כדי לעַטֵּר שוקי וכ׳ in order to have the markets of Jerusalem decorated with fruits; and frequently—participle passive מְעוּטָּר; feminine מְעוּטֶּרֶת; plural מְעוּטָּרִים, מְעוּטָּרִין; מְעוּטָרוֹת. Avodah Zarah 1, 4 (12ᵇ) חניות מע׳ wreathed shops (in honor of the deity of the bazaar). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 39ᵈ במה מע׳ wherewith are they wreathed (in order to be recognized as dedicated to a deity)?; and elsewhere to crown, offer a crown. Tanchuma Vaëra 5 והיו … ומְעַטְּרִין אותו and all the chiefs came and crowned him (Pharaoh); Shemoth Rabbah section 5 מַעֲטִירִין (Hif'il). the same place (ibid.) משעִטְּרוּ אותו after they had crowned him. Shemoth Rabbah section 42 מדינה … לעַטֵּר למלך a country that sent a delegate to offer the king a crown (of fealty); and frequently Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעַטֵּר, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְעַטֵּר to be surrounded, protected, saved. Tanchuma Tol’doth 4 (referring to Proverbs 17, 6) הצדיקים מִתְעַטְּרִין בבני בניהם ובניהם מתעטרין באבותם the righteous are saved for the sake of their grandchildren, and their children for the sake of their fathers; אברהם נתע בזכות וכ׳ Abraham was saved (from the furnace) for the sake of Jacob etc. the same place (ibid.) יצחק נתע׳ וכ׳ Isaac was protected through Abraham, and Abraham through Isaac. Bereshith Rabbah section 47, beginning (referring to Proverbs 12, 4, as applied to Sarah) בעלה נתע׳ בה והיא לא נִתְעַטְּרָה בבעלה her husband was protected through her, but she was not protected through him; and elsewhere to be crowned, adorned, distinguished. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 2, 20ᵇ top (referring to I Chronicles 2, 24; 26) הוא ירחמאל קדמוי גויה להִתְעַטֵּר בה … it is the Jerahmeel mentioned before, only that he married a gentile woman (named עטרה) to be ennobled through her; Ruth Rabbah end. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 2, 22ᶜ bottom of the page אותה עטרה … להתעטר בה the Lord has left to him this crown to be crowned with it (this distinction to become renowned by it), see גָּדַר; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֲטַר 1 same. Targum Psalms 73, 6 עֲטַרְתִּנוּן וכ׳ pride adoms them (some edition עטרתהין, see עֲטַרְתָּא).—participle passive עָטִיר a) surrounded, guarded. Gittin 86ᵃ, see חֲרוּרי (see, however, next word).—b) distinguished. Yerushalmi (prefix) Niddah 2, end, 50ᵇ [read:] חמיתיה ע׳ מני dost thou see him (Rab)?—He is more distinguished than I am, i.e. let him decide. Pa'el פִּעֵל עַטֵּר same, to wreathe, decorate. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 26, 3. Targum I Chronicles 2, 54. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 50, 26 עַטְּרוּן יתיה they decorated his body. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 3, 22 ותְעַטְּרוּן על וכ׳ and put them as ornaments on your children.—Berachoth 51ᵃ מְעַטֵּר, see נַטְלָא. Sotah 5ᵃ ומְעַטְּרָא ליה וכ׳ and it (a little pride) adorns (or protects) man as the awn protects the ear. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְעַטַּר to be wreathed (with flowers). Targum Joel 2, 22 (Hebrew text דשאו). ↗ original

עַטַר 2 (see the preceding; compare כָּלָה a. כְּלִילָא) to be gone; tocease entirely. Targum I Samuel 9, 7 עַטְרוּ ממננא (Hebrew text אזל מכלינו); (edition Vilna edition עֲדַן עֲטָרוּ מננא, correct accordingly; see עֲדֵי I). Targum I Kings 15, 14 (Hebrew text סור); and frequently—participle passive עָטִיר removed. Gittin 86ᵃ Rashi (see the preceding). Pa'el פִּעֵל עַטֵּר to abolish entirely. Targum 2 Chronicles 30, 14 (Hebrew text הסיר). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 35, 2; and frequently ↗ original

עֲטַר 3 (the preceding words, compare קטר) [to whirl around,] to smoke. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Exodus 19, 18.—5. עַטִּיר. ↗ original

עִטְרָא , see עִיטְרָא ↗ original

עֲטָרָה protection. Bereshith Rabbah section 63, beginning (referring to Proverbs 17, 6) האבות ע׳ לבנים והבנים ע׳ וכ׳ the fathers are a protection to their children (who are saved for their parents’ sake), and the children are a protection to their fathers; see עָטַר Hithpa'el wreath, crown, decoration. Shemoth Rabbah section 5 לא היה יודע לשלח לי ע׳ did (your God) not have sense enough to send me a crown? Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 9, 24ᵇ bottom of the page ע׳ של זית a wreath of olive leaves; Echah Rabbah to 5, 16 עֲטֶרֶת זית. Tosefta Sotah 15, 3 בטלה עטרת חכמים שעטרת חכמים עושרם the crown (or protection) of the scholars ceased, for the crown of the scholars is their wealth (independence, Proverbs 14, 24); Sotah 49ᵇ בטלו עַטְרוֹת וכ׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 2, 22ᶜ bottom of the page, see עָטַר Hithpa'el—Yoma 69ᵇ החזירו ע׳ ליושנה they restored the crown (the praise of the Lord) to its original condition (by re-introducing the phrase האל הגדול הגבור והנורא; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 7, 11ᶜ הַגְּדוּלָּה). Nedarim 62ᵃ; Avoth 4, 5 אל תעשם ע׳ וכ׳, see גָּדַל. Megillah 15ᵇ; Sanhedrin 111ᵇ עתיד הקב"ה להיות ע׳ וכ׳ the Lord, in the time to come, shall be a crown on the head of every righteous man (referring to Isaiah 28, 5); and frequently—plural עֲטָרוֹת. Avodah Zarah 4, 2 ע׳ של שבלים wreaths of ears (used for idolatrous purposes); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, 43ᵈ עַטְרוֹת שיבולים. the same place (ibid.) ע׳ של וורד rose garlands. Sotah 9, 14 גזרו על ע׳ חתנים they forbade bridegrooms’ garlands; ע׳ כלות brides’ crowns. the same place (ibid.) 49ᵇ איזהו ע׳ כלות עיר וכ׳ what brides’ crowns were forbidden? A golden representation of the city (of Jerusalem); and frequently—Shabbath 87ᵇ אותו יום נטל עשר ע׳ that day carried off ten distinctions. a) brickwork of an oven. Kelim 5, 3 עטרת כירה, see טִירָה.—b) moulding, sill, cornice.—plural as ab. Oholoth 14, 1. Middoth 3, 8.—c) corona of the membrum virile. Yevamoth 55ᵇ, and elsewhere, see הַכְנָסָה.—d) the ring around the teat of a woman, as a symptom of puberty. Niddah 47ᵃ; 52ᵇ עד שתקיף הע׳ until a ring is formed around etc.; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 6, 4 משתקיף הע׳ (not משיקיף); the same place (ibid.) 5; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֲטָרוֹת ע׳ דְּבוֹרָה ʿAṭaroth Deborah. Targum Judges 4, 5 (Hebrew text תמר דבורה; compare תָּמַר a. עֲטַר 3). ↗ original

עִטְרָן (compare עֲטַר 3, a. Samaritan איטרן, Genesis 37, 25 for Hebrew לֹט) ʿiṭran, a sort of resin used for lighting in place of oil. Shabbath 2, 2 (24ᵇ). Shabbath 26ᵃ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 4. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 4ᵈ ע׳ בין כבה בין דלק וכ׳ ʿiṭran smells badly whether extinguished or burning. ↗ original

עִטְרָנָא Shabbath 20ᵇ ע׳ פסולתא דזיפתא ʿiṭrana is the oily residue of pitch. ↗ original

עטַרְתָּא feminine = Hebrew עֲטָרָה. Targum Psalms 73, 6, see עֲטַר I ↗ original

עָטַשׁ to sneeze; (euphem.) to break wind. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 52; Yalkut Shimoni Job 927 לא נמצא אדם עוֹטֵשׁ וחיה וכ׳ (up to Jacob’s days) it had never occurred that a man sneezed and recovered from his sickness. Ylamdenu to Genesis 27, quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אדם עוטש אומר לו וכ׳ when a person sneezes, one says to him, Good life!—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 3, 6ᵈ bottom of the page; and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל עִיטֵּשׁ same. the same place (ibid.) אני … מפהק ומְעַטֵּשׁ I saw him yawn and sneeze. Niddah 9, 8 מפהקת ומְעַטֶּשֶׁת she yawns and sneezes (or feels inflated; symptoms of approaching menstruation); and frequently Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעַטֵּשׁ, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְעַטֵּשׁ same. Yalkut Shimoni Job the passage cited לפיכך … כשמִתְעַטֵּשׁ therefore one must offer thanks when one sneezes. Berachoth 24ᵃ bottom of the page Bamidbar Rabbah section 9 תהא מִתְעַטֶּשֶׁת וכ׳ she will feel inflated and languid. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 5, 55ᵇ bottom of the page היו מִתְעַטְּשׁוֹת מריח וכ׳ used to sneeze on account of the smell of the frankincense (offered at the Temple); and frequently ↗ original

עֲטַשׁ Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 6, 10ᵈ top אהן דע׳ גו מיכלא וכ׳ he who sneezes at a meal must not say etc., see זט. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 3, 40ᵈ bottom of the page; Koheleth Rabbah to 3, 11. ↗ original

עִיב (compare עָבָה) to be thick, heavy. Pa'el פִּעֵל עַיֵּיב to press, seize; in a transferred sense to declare guilty, convict. Echah Rabbah to 2, 1 (explained יָעִיב, the same place (ibid.)) איך ע׳ וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition חייב), see חוּב Chaldaic (Aramaic)—5. עַיָּיבָא, עיְיבָא. ↗ original

עֵיבָא (the preceding) = Hebrew עָב, thickness, darkness, cloud. Targum Exodus 19, 9 (Yerushalmi (prefix) some edition עִיכָּא). Targum Job 30, 15 (edition Lagarde edition a. other עבא). Targum Isaiah 44, 22; and frequently—Berachoth 59ᵃ דאתא בע׳ Munich manuscript (edition דקטר, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) when it (the morning) comes with a heavy cloud, opposite עננא. Taanith 3ᵇ ע׳ דבתר מיטרא כמיטרא a covered sky after the rain is as beneficial as the rain itself. the same place (ibid.) 20ᵇ כל יומא דע׳ on every cloudy day (when heavy rains were threatening). Yoma 28ᵇ יומא דע׳ כוליה שמשא on a cloudy day the sun is felt all over; and frequently ↗ original

עַיָּבָא , see עַיָּיבָא ↗ original

עִיבּוּד (עָבַד) dressing hides, working in leather. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᶜ bottom of the page, see שִׁרְטֵט. Babylonian Shabbath 75ᵇ אין ע׳ באוכלין the prohibition of dressing (by means of salting) does not apply to eatables (meat etc.); and elsewhere ↗ original

עִיבּוּר (עָבַר) passing, crossing.—פָּרָשַׁת הע׳ cross-road; in a transferred sense crisis. Berachoth 4, 4 (in a short prayer prescribed for one passing an unsafe road) … בכל פ׳ הע׳ לפניך let their needs be before thee at every critical period, explained the same place (ibid.) 29ᵇ אפי׳ … עׄבׄרׄה כאשה עוׄבׄרׄת וכ׳ even at a moment when thou art full of swelling anger at them, like a woman big with child etc.; (anoth. explanation) אפי׳ … עׄיבׄרׄים על דברי תורה even at a moment when they trespass the words of the Law; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, 8ᵇ top כל מה שש"ץ עׄובׄרׄ וכ׳ whatever the messenger of the congregation passing before the ark may ask of thee etc. ע׳ דִּין passing beyond justice or law, rigor, tyranny. Shemoth Rabbah section 30 ע׳ הדין שעיבר על אחרים the rigorous judgment which he passed on others. (Biblical Hebrew growth, especially grain, breadstuff. Bereshith Rabbah section 94 (referring to Genesis 45, 23) בר ע׳ bâr means breadstuff. Kethuboth 112ᵃ ממנה ע׳ וכ׳ from this field I have my breadstuff, from it my peas etc. pregnancy, conception. Bereshith Rabbah section 20 (referring to Genesis 3, 16) עצבונך זה צער הע׳ ‘thy pain’ refers to the suffering attending upon conception, see עִידּוּי; Eruvin 100ᵇ והרונך זה צער הע׳ ‘and thy pregnancy’ refers to etc.; Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 1. Bereshith Rabbah section 51Bereshith Rabbah section 51, end (play on עברתו, Jeremiah 48, 30) מתחילת עִיבּוּרוֹ וכ׳ from the time when Moab was first conceived. Bereshith Rabbah section 38, end שנה לעִיבּוּרָהּ של וכ׳ deduct one year for the pregnancy with Milkah etc. the same place (ibid.) section 45, beginning (explained מכרה, Proverbs 31, 10) עִיבּוּרָהּ her going with child (with allusion to מכרתיך, Ezekiel 16, 3); and frequently extension of city limits for Sabbath movements, outskirts. Eruvin 5, 7 … הנותן בעיבורה של עיר he who places his ‘Erub within the outskirts of a city. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 22ᵇ bottom of the page מהו ליתן ע׳ לע׳ may an outskirt be added to an outskirt (to be considered part of the township)?; and frequently—6) intercalation; ע׳ החדש proclaiming the month just past one of thirty days; ע׳ השנה proclaiming a leap-year, inserting a second Adar. Sanhedrin 1, 1 ע׳ החדש בשלשה the proclamation of a full month (i.e. the postponement of the New Moon Day) must take place in a court of three. the same place (ibid.) 11ᵃ ע׳ השנה שלשים יום the intercalated month consists of thirty days. the same place (ibid.) 12ᵃ כנגד חדש הע׳ corresponding to the thirteenth month. Bava Metzia 8, 8 יחלוקי את חדש הע׳ let them (the landlord and the tenant) divide the rent for the additional month; and frequently—plural עִיבּוּרִים, עִיבּוּרִין, עִבּ׳. Rosh Hashanah 7ᵃ באחד בניסן … ולע׳ the first of Nisan is the New Year’s Day for the months and for intercalations; explained the same place (ibid.) להפסקת ע׳ for interrupting the intercalation, i.e. after the month of Nisan has been proclaimed, no intercalation can take place for that year. Bereshith Rabbah section 72 (explained לעתים, I Chronicles 12, 33) לע׳ ‘for seasons’ means for intercalations; and frequently—Transferred calculations of the time of redemption (see קֵץ); epochs. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 8 מדלג על החשבונות ועל הקיצים וע׳ the Lord skips over (human) calculations and (speculations on) ends and epochs; Pesikta Rabbati section 15; Yalkut Shimoni Song of Songs 986. Vayikra Rabbah section 19 אנו … כמה קצים וכמה ע׳ we who have been separated from the house of our life and from the house of our holiness and glory these many days and years, these many terms and epochs; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 571 כמה יובלות וכמה ע׳.—7) ע׳ צורה (see עָבַר Pu.) disfiguration, decay. Pesachim 34ᵃ, and frequently ↗ original

עִיבּוּר ² (Targum Onkelos edition Berlin edition a. other עִיב׳, without Dagesh) grain, breadstuff. Targum Genesis 27, 28; 37 (Hebrew text דגן). Targum Isaiah 62, 8. Targum Genesis 41, 35, and the following (Hebrew text אכל); and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 1, 22ᵃ top עִיבּוּרָן our grain. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 7, 40ᶜ top דגנה מעִבּוּרָהּ (perh. to be read מַעֵבוּרָהּ) by d’ganah we understand, of its (Palestine’s) breadstuff (and not Egyptian beans), see דְּגָנָא,—plural עִיבּוּרַיָּיא. [Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 18, 3 edition Amsterdam edition, see עֲבוֹרָא.]—Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai the passage cited מהי ע׳ עבידין how are the crops?; Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 3, 66ᶜ top of the page pregnancy, conception. Targum Job 3, 2 על ע׳ ליליא (not וליליא). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 25, 24.—Niddah 40ᵃ בחד ע׳ כגין וכ׳ two confinements of one pregnancy, as was the case with Judah and Hizkiah (who were born three months apart from one another).—plural עִיבּוּרֵי, עִכּ׳. the same place (ibid.) בתרי ע׳ two confinements of two conceptions (one being a miscarriage). intercalation, proclamation of a full month; proclamation of a leap-year. Targum I Samuel 20, 27; 34 יום ע׳ ירחא תנינא the second New Moon Day which is observed in consequence of the proclamation of a full month. Targum Esther 9, 31; Targum 2 Esther 9, 29; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 1, 18ᶜ bottom of the page ועאל … קמיה מיניה לע׳ (not מניין) R. Jacob bar A. was before him admitted to the meeting for the proclamation of a leap-year; Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 2, 58ᵇ top; and frequently ↗ original

עִיבִידָא frequently (עֲבַד) labor, work, trade, occupation. Targum Leviticus 16, 29. Targum Exodus 31, 5; and frequently—Bava Metzia 91ᵃ בעֲבִידְתֵּיה טריד his attention is absorbed by his business. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 69ᵇ bottom of the page מיעבד עִיבִידְתֵּיה to follow his pursuit (as a washer). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 2, 4ᵈ top, see עוֹבַדְתָּא; and frequently beasts of labor, see עוֹבַדְתָּא. ↗ original

עֵיבָל (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun, הר ע׳ Mount Ebal, near Shechem. Sotah 7, 5; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 8, 9; 11; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֵיבַר 1 (עֲבַר), ע׳ אורחא traveller. Targum Job 31, 32 manuscript variant reading (edition אכסניי).—5. עְבוֹרָא. ↗ original

עֵיבַר 2 = Hebrew עֵבֶר, border, bank, side. Targum Ezekiel 46, 19 (edition Vilna edition עִבַּר; Hebrew text כָּתֵף). the same place (ibid.) 40, 18 (edition Vilna edition עָבְרָא). Targum 2 Chronicles 23, 10. Targum Onkelos Genesis 50, 10; (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition Amsterdam edition עוּבְרָא); and frequently—Bava Bathra 40ᵇ בעיבר ימינה on the right bank. the same place (ibid.) 91ᵃ ע׳ זעירא דכותי זהו וכ׳ the small side of Kuthi is Ur Kasdim; [commentary or commentaries: ʿIbra Z’ʿera, proper noun of a place]; and elsewhere—plural עִיבְרַיָּא, עֶבְ׳. Targum Onkelos Exodus 32, 15. Targum Jeremiah 49, 32; and elsewhere ↗ original

עִיגּוּל (עָגַל) circle. Sukkah 8ᵃ כמה מרובע יותר על הע׳ by how much is a square larger than a tangent circle within it? One fourth; Oholoth 12, 6. Nazir 8ᵇ בֵּית עי׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition בית עגול) a circular building; Tosefta Nega'im 6, 3 בית העגיל edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading העגל). a round mould in which figs or grapes are pressed, cake of pressed figs; cake, loaf. Bava Metzia 2, 1 (21ᵃ) מצא ע׳ ובתוכו וכ׳ if one finds a cake of figs within which was a piece of earthen ware (as a mark). Maasroth 1, 8, see חָלַק. Shabbath 93ᵃ top (explained ככר, the same place (ibid.) 10, 5) בע׳ של דבילה a cake of figs (too large for one to carry); and frequently—plural עִיגּוּלִים, עִיגּוּלִין, עִגּ׳. Terumoth 4, 8, see מַלְבֵּן. Yerushalmi (prefix) Challah 1, 57ᵈ bottom of the page Tohoroth 10, 8 בין הע׳ לזונין the space between the moulds and the deposit of grape shells (Maimonides; see below).—Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 6, end היו מביאין את הע׳ וכ׳ (not העגלים, see edition Schechter note) they took the loaves of bread and sawed them apart and soiled them with mud. עִיגּוּלֵי הגת, עִגּ׳ weights (clay cylinders) put on the wine press. Shabbath 1, 9 טוענין … ע׳ הגת you may put on (the press) the beams of the oil press or the cylinders of the wine press; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 29 ותולין בע׳ הגת (variant reading ע׳ הגת) and suspend the weights etc. Tohoroth the passage cited בין ע׳ לזוגין between the cylinders etc. (Rabbenu Shimshon; see above). in gen. ball, lump.—plural as ab. Sotah 11ᵇ, and elsewhere, see נָקַט. Tosefta Mikvaoth 5, 8 עגולי שלג lumps of snow; and frequently ↗ original

עִיגּוּל ² circle. Sukkah 8ᵃ ע׳ דנפיק מגו ריבועא a tangent circle within a square; ריבועא דנפיק מגו ע׳ a tangent square within a circle; and elsewhere (see עֲגוֹל) cake, loaf. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 6, 37ᵃ bottom of the page ואיערכו גו ע׳, see עֲרַךְ. the same place (ibid.) 37ᵇ top קצון חד עיגל וכ׳ (correct accordingly) they cut one loaf and found etc.; Vayikra Rabbah section 6 עגולה (correct accordingly). Bereshith Rabbah S. 49 חד ע׳ דריפתא בעשר פולרין (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) חד ע׳ דפיתא בעיגול פולרי, correct accordingly) one loaf of bread for ten follera. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 3, 65ᵈ ולא הוה ליה ע׳ מיכליה and had not a loaf of bread to eat; and frequently—plural עִיגּוּלִין. Vayikra Rabbah the passage cited Echah Rabbah to 3, 16 תמנין ע׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition פטילקין); and elsewhere ↗ original

עִיגּוּן (עָגַן) tying, holding fast.—plural עִיגּוּנִין [means of tying,] anchor, ballast. Bava Bathra 73ᵃ (explained עוגין the same place (ibid.) 5, 1) אלו ע׳ שלה Manuscript Hamburg a. F. (edition עוגינין; Rashb. עִיגּוּנָא; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 3) that is the means of her (the ship’s) detention (with referring to Ruth 1, 13); Yalkut Shimoni Ezekiel 367 (not עיגוני).—[In later Hebr. literature: עיגון status of a deserted wife.] ↗ original

עִיגּוּנָא anchor, see the preceding condition of a deserted wife, disability to remarry, see עָגַן. Gittin 3ᵃ; Yevamoth 88ᵃ משום ע׳ אקילו וכ׳ in order to prevent the eventuality of ‘widowhood in life’, the Rabbis have made lenient rules for her (as regards testimony to her husband’s death); and elsewhere ↗ original

עֵיגַל = Hebrew עֵגֶל, calf. Targum Leviticus 9, 2, and the following (edition Lsb. עֲגַל). Targum Exodus 32, 24; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 7, end, 25ᵈ נחת ואתעביד חד עגל (the pebble) fell down and turned into a calf. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᵇ חמא חד עי׳ מנכס saw a calf which was going to be slaughtered. Sanhedrin 65ᵇ; 67ᵇ, see בְּרָא I; and frequently—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 6, 37ᵇ top חד עיגל, read: עִיגּוּל.]—עֵין ע׳. calf’s eye, name of a jewel. Targum Exodus 28, 19; 39, 12 (Hebrew text אחלמה). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 2, 18 עִינְעֵיגַל.—plural עִיגְלַיָּא, עִיגְלִין, עֶגְ׳. Targum 2 Kings 17, 16. Targum I Kings 12, 32; and elsewhere—[Targum Jeremiah 31, 39 edition Lagarde edition, see עִגְלָא.] ↗ original

עֵיד־ , see עֵד ↗ original

עֵיד (עוּד) = אֵיד, anniversary, (idolatrous) festival.—plural עֵידִים, אֵידִין. Avodah Zarah 2ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 39ᶜ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 5, beginning 22ᵃ, see אֵיד. Tosefta Avodah Zarah 1, 1 עֵידֵיהֶן (variant reading אֵי׳). ↗ original

עֵידָא , יומא דע׳ (compare יעד) appointed day. Targum Proverbs 7, 20 (edition Vilna edition דעֵדָא; Hebrew text כֶּסֶא). ↗ original

עִידְבָא , see עדְבָא ↗ original

עִידּוּי (see עֲדֵי I, Pa'el) carrying, going with child. Bereshith Rabbah section 20 הרונך זה צער הע׳ heronekh (Genesis 3, 16) means the inconveniences during pregnancy, see עִיבּוּר. Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 82 (referring to עדנה, Genesis 18, 12) האשה … ע׳ ולדות as long as a woman is young, there is for her a possibility of bearing children; and elsewhere—plural עִידּוּיִין. Bereshith Rabbah section 48 (edition Vilna edition) האשה הזאת כל זמן שהיא ילדה יש לה עִידּוּיִין וכ׳ as long as a woman is young, there is for her a possibility etc., and 1, after I am grown old, should have ʿednah?—5. עִידּוֹן. ↗ original

עִידּוּי ² Targum Ruth 4, 13. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 18, 12 (Yerushalmi (prefix) I עִידּוּיִין plural; edition Amsterdam edition עִידּוּיַין; Hebrew text. עדנה, see the preceding).—plural עִידּוּיִין (עִידּוּיַין fem.). Targum Onkelos Genesis 3, 16 (Yerushalmi (prefix) singular). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I the same place (ibid.) 18, 12, see above. ↗ original

עִידּוּן (עָדַן), plural עִידּוּנִים, עִידּוּנִין delicacies, indulgenceindelicacies; הנהיג ע׳ בעצמו to indulge one’s self. Taanith 20ᵇ שכח … ולא ינהיג ע׳ וכ׳ if he forgot himself and ate and drank (on a day observed as a fast day in the place), he must not show himself before the public, nor must he indulge himself with delicacies; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 148. ↗ original

עִידּוֹן (see עִידָּן) period; plural עִידּוֹנִים, עִידּוֹנִין, עִדּ׳ menses. Bereshith Rabbah section 48 (edition Vilna edition) האשה הזאת כל זמן שהיא ילדה יש לה ווסתות ואני … עדנה ע׳ as long as she is young, a woman has her periods, and 1, ‘after I am grown old’ (Genesis 18, 12) should have ʿednah, that is menses?; [Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 82 ד"א עדנה עִדָּנִין ווסתנית, see וֶוסְתָּנִית]. ↗ original

עִידּוֹנָא , see עִידָּנָא ↗ original

עִידּוּר (עָדַר) hoeing. Moed Katan 3ᵃ. Bereshith Rabbah section 39 בע׳ בשעת הע׳ engaged in hoeing at the proper time, see נִיכּוּשׁ. ↗ original

עִידִּית (עָדָה 2, compare עָדַד) [booty, lion’s share,] choice land, see זִיבּוּרִית. Gittin 5, 1 הניזקין שמין להן בע׳ in cases of damage we assess (and collect from) the choice land of the defendant; Tosefta Kethuboth 12, 2; Tosefta Bava Kamma 1, 1 שמין להם מן הע׳; and frequently—[Tosefta Shevi'ith 5, 17 העידית, see עִירִית.] ↗ original

עִידִּיתָא , construct state עִידִּית same, especially choice dwellings. Targum Lamentations 2, 2 (Bxt. עֲדִית, edition Vienna edition עִידִית; see Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) Aruch Completum (Kohut) under the word, end; Hebrew text נאות). Targum Psalms 83, 13 (manuscript דירוות; edition Vilna edition עִידִית). ↗ original

עִידָּן common gender (see next word) period, time.—plural עַידָּנִים, עִידָּנִין, עִדָּ׳ Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 82, see עִידּוֹן. ↗ original

עִידָּן ² (עוּד) same. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 3, 1, and the following (edition Vienna edition עִידָ׳). Targum Psalms 71, 9 (edition Vilna edition עִדָ׳); and frequently—עד העידנא until now (see אִידְּנָא). the same place (ibid.) 17.—Targum Onkelos Genesis 24, 55 עידן בעידן (Hebrew text ימים).—Megillah 16ᵇ (proverb) תעלא בעִידְּנֵיה וכ׳ when the fox has his time, bow to him. Berachoth 15ᵃ בעִידַּן צלותא when it is time for prayer; and frequently—Esp. the time appointed for the study of the Law, lesson. the same place (ibid.) 43ᵇ דלא קביע ליה ע׳ when he has no fixed time for study; אבל קביע ליה ע׳ … דלעידניה קא אזיל but if his time is fixed (by his teacher), he will be known to go to his appointment (and not be suspected of going wrong). Gittin 60ᵇ לותבן מר בע׳ let me sit (to study with you) at the hour of your studies; אית לי ע׳ לדידי that hour is mine (for my own studies). Chullin 133ᵃ אנסיה ליה עידניח his teaching engagements prevented him (from officiating as priest); and frequently—plural עִידָּנִין, עִידָּנַיָּא, עִדָּ׳. Targum Esther 1, 14. Targum Job 24, 1. Targum I Chronicles 12, 32. Targum Psalms 46, 6 עֵידּוֹנֵי edition Lagarde edition (other edition עִידָּנֵי); and frequently ↗ original

עִיוּוּת (עָוַת) perversion; ע׳ הדין perversion of justice. Avoth 5, 8; Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 38; Shabbath 33ᵃ, contradistinguished to עינוי. Tanchuma Thazr. 7 שמא עיות הדין וכ׳ (correct accordingly) is there perversion of justice in heaven?; see פִּילוֹנִיקְיָא. ↗ original

עִיּוּן (עוּן) speculation, meditation, deliberation; ע׳ תפלה a) calculation of the effects of prayer, expectation of the granting of one’s prayer as a due claim (see עוּןPi'el). Berachoth 55ᵃ שלשה דברים … וע׳ ת׳ וכ׳ three things cause a man’s record of sins to be called up: a threatening wall, calculation on prayer etc., see דִּין 2. Bava Bathra 164ᵇ שלש עבירות … וע׳ ת׳ וכ׳ three sins man cannot escape every day: impure thought, calculation on prayer etc.; [other opinion the lack of devotion in prayer, see Tosafoth ad loc. (on the passage)].—b) devotion. Shabbath 127ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) 118ᵇ קיימית ע׳ ת׳ I fulfilled (guarded the duty of) devotion in my prayers. Bava Bathra the passage cited, see above. ↗ original

עִיּוֹן (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a place ʿIyon (ʿAyûn), a town in the north of Palestine. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 2, 22ᵈ top of the page Tosefta Shevi'ith 4, 11; and elsewhere, see נְקִיפְתָּא. ↗ original

עִיּוּק (עוּק) pressure, distress. Targum Isaiah 30, 6. ↗ original

עִייֵּר , see עִוֵּר ↗ original

עִייְּרָא , see עֲוִירָא I, 2. ↗ original

עִיז common gender = Hebrew עֵז, goat. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 22, 27 (edition Berlin edition עֵז). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) the same place (ibid.) 3, 12; and frequently—Megillah 3ᵃ ע׳ … מינאי the goat in the butcher’s house is fatter than I am (a charm). Bava Bathra 74ᵃ ע׳ דימא the sea-goat (a fabulous animal); and frequently—Avodah Zarah 24ᵇ; Menachoth 22ᵃ, and elsewhere ע׳ דקורקסא, see קוּרְקְסָא.—plural עִיזִּין, עִיזַּיָּא, עִיזֵּי, עִזּ׳. Targum Onkelos Genesis 15, 9. Targum the same place (ibid.) 27, 9. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 22, 27; and frequently—Bava Kamma 23ᵇ ע׳ דבי תרבו goats of the house of Tarbu. the same place (ibid.) ע׳ דשוקא goats intended for slaughter on market day; and frequently ↗ original

עִיזָּה (see עֵז) she-goat. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 2, end, 65ᵇ (explained כוי) צבי שעלה ע"ג ע׳ a hybrid of deer and goat. ↗ original

עִיזּוּז , see עִזּוּז ↗ original

עִיזְלָא , see sub עִזְ׳. ↗ original

עֵיט , see עֵט ↗ original

עַיִט 1 עוּט to swing) bird of prey. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 28. ואין הע׳ אלא בן דוד שנמשל לע׳ the ʿayiṭ (Genesis 15, 11) is typical of the son of David who is compared to a bird of prey. the same place (ibid.) כדי שלא ימשול בהם הע׳ וכ׳ that the bird of prey might not have control of them until evening; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 76; and elsewhere ↗ original

עַיִט 2 , see עַיִיט ↗ original

עֵיטָא (יְעַט) = Hebrew עֵצָה, counsel, advice, order. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 11, 3 (Hebrew text העץ!). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 37, 14. Targum Esther 1, 1 (edition Amsterdam edition עֵטִיתָא, compare עֳטִי); and frequently—Targum Ruth 4, 22 masc.—plural עֵיטְּיַין, עֵיטְיַן. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 32, 28 (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 עֵיצַן). ↗ original

עיטדא , see עִיטְרָא ↗ original

עיטה , see עֵיטָם ↗ original

עִיטּוּף (עָטַף 2) putting a cloak on, covering the head (at prayer). Berachoth 51ᵃ (the cup of benediction requires) עיטור וע׳ crowning (the cup) and covering the head (of those reciting). ↗ original

עִיטּוּר (עָטַר) crowning, wreathing. Berachoth 51ᵃ, see the preceding—[Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 7, end, 11ᵈ, read: עָטוּר, see עָטַר.] Bikkurim 3, 10 ע׳ הבכורים מין וכ׳ the basket of first-fruits must be wreathed with plants different from those offered. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 39ᵈ משם עיתור (correct accordingly) as a decoration in honor of an idolatrous deity, see פְּרַקְסִיס.—plural עִיטּוּרִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 1, 51ᵈ bottom of the page ותולה בה ע׳ וכ׳ and he suspended from the ceiling of the Succah wreaths (decorations) of material which may be used for covering. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 1, 60ᵇ top עִיטּוּרֵי סוכה the decorations of the Succah; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, 6ᵇ bottom of the page (compare עִיטְרָא) cutting off; ע׳ סופרים separation of words (by omitting the conjunctive Vav) as established by the Scribes. Nedarim 37ᵇ (referring to אחר for ואחר, Genesis 18, 5; the same place (ibid.) 24, 55; Numbers 12, 14; Psalms 68, 26, a. to משפטיך for ומשפ׳, the same place (ibid.) 36, 7). ↗ original

עיטורין , Tosefta Shevi'ith 5, 11 edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.), read עֲטָדִין or אֲטָדִין, see אָטָד ↗ original

עֵיטְיַין plural of עֵיטָא; בַּר ע׳ proper noun of a male person Bar ʿEṭyan (counsellor). Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 6, end, 15ᶜ ↗ original

עֵיטָם (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a place Etam (see Neubauer Geographie du Talmud, Paris 1868 p. 132). Yevamoth 12, 6 כפר ע׳ (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition אבוס).—Zevachim 54ᵇ עין ע׳ (Manuscript Rome 1 איטם); Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 910 עיטה (correct accordingly); Yalkut Shimoni Joshua 24. ↗ original

עִיטְמָא , see עֲטַם ↗ original

עִיטְפָא (see עָטַף I) bosom, lap (corresp. to Hebrew חֵק). Targum Onkelos Exodus 4, 6, and the following Targum Lamentations 2, 12 (עֲטֵיף) עֲטִיף construct state Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 7, 9 עֲטַף; and elsewhere—plural עִיטְפִין, עִטְ׳. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 1, 27. ↗ original

עִיטְרָא (see עִיטּוּר separation, deed of partition between partners or heirs. Bava Bathra 29ᵇ ולא אמרן אלא דלא כתוב ע׳ אבל כתוב ע׳ וכ׳ Munich manuscript a. early editions א׳) this (that two partners, having arranged between themselves that their common slave should serve one of them alternately each year, cannot rest their claim of ownership on the ground of undisturbed possession for three consecutive years) has been said only, when they have not written an agreement of partition, but if they have etc. Bava Metzia 39ᵇ דלא עביד ע׳ Manuscript Rome 2 (Munich manuscript איטרא; edition עיטדא, correct accordingly) when no partition of the inherited estate has been made. ↗ original

עִיטְרָן , see sub עִטְ׳. ↗ original

עֵיטְתָא , see עֵיטָא ↗ original

עִיָּיא ʿIyya, dialectic pronunciation of חִיָּיא. Moed Katan 16ᵇ אמר ליה ע׳ וכ׳ he (Rabbi, being angry with R. Ḥiyyah) said to him, Iyya, who calls thee outside? Kerithoth 8ᵃ צריכין לדברי ע׳ they still need the interpretation of Iyya (of whom you spoke so contemptuously as ‘the Babylonian’). ↗ original

עַיָּיבָא (עִיב) guilty. Echah Rabbah to 2, 1, see חוּב Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original

עַיְיבָא (עִיב) heaviness, pain. Echah Rabbah to 2, 1, see כֵּיבָא. ↗ original

עיי"ן the letter ʿAyin. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 4 ע׳ תלויה a suspended ʿAyin, see יְאוֹר. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᶜ top ע׳ מעשה נסים the ʿAyin on the tablets was a miracle, see רַעַץ; and elsewhere—plural עַיְינִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 4ᵈ bottom of the page, see אל"ף. Shabbath 103ᵇ one must not write אלפין ע׳ וכ׳ the Alephs so as to look like ʿAyins etc. ↗ original

עִיֵּין , see עוּן ↗ original

עַיִין , see עַיִן, עֵינָא. ↗ original

עַיְינוֹשׁ ʿAynosh, a northern border town of Palestine. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 2, 22ᵈ top; (Tosefta Shevi'ith 4, 10 עיני שת, variant reading עינישת). ↗ original

עַיְינוּתָא ; see עַיְנוּתָא; a. עֵינָא. ↗ original

עַיְינֵי proper noun of a place, see טַב 3 ↗ original

עָיֵיף , see עָיֵף, a. עִיף 2. ↗ original

עָיִיק , see עוּק ↗ original

עָיְיקָא , see עָיְקָא ↗ original

עֲיָירוֹת , plural of עִיר. ↗ original

עַיְיתָא , see קוֹבְעַיָּא ↗ original

עֲיַיתְלוּ ʿyathlu. Yerushalmi (prefix) Niddah 1, beginning 48ᵈ; the same place (ibid.) 49ᵇ bottom of the page (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 9ᵇ הִיתְלוּ). ↗ original

עִיכּוּב (עָכַב) keeping back, hinderance, prevention. Temurah 32ᵃ and the following אין בה אלא ע׳ גיזברין בלבד there is nothing to prevent the offering of the sacrifice, except that we must await the appearance of the Temple treasurers (as representatives of the owners).—Esp. hinderance, a circumstance which makes a religious act invalid, indispensable condition, absolute necessity. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 7, 34ᵇ top (referring to כי אם צלי אש, Exodus 12, 9) שינה עליו הכתוב לע׳ the text has an extraordinary (emphatic) expression about it to intimate that the roasting of the Passover sacrifice over fire is indispensable. the same place (ibid.) 2, 29ᵇ bottom of the page לע׳ תאמרת the rule that the unleavened bread to be eaten on the Passover night must not contain any fruit juice has been laid down as an indispensable condition, opposite למצוה, see מִצְוָה; and elsewhere ↗ original

עִיכּוּבָא delay. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 23, 22. indispensable condition. Yoma 5ᵃ bottom of the page ככה ע׳ היא the emphatic expression ‘thus’ (Exodus 29, 35) intimates the indispensableness of any of the prescribed forms. the same place (ibid.)ᵇ ושמרתם … ע׳ the emphatic expression, ‘and ye shall guard’ (Leviticus 8, 35) intimates etc. ↗ original

עִיכּוֹל (עָכַל); plural עִיכּוֹלִין, עִכּ׳ things attacked by fire, half-burned pieces which bounded off the altar. Zevachim 83ᵇ עִיכּוֹלֵי עולה pieces of a burnt-offering; עיכולי קטורת of frankincense; Yoma 45ᵇ. Chullin 90ᵃ ע׳ בשר pieces of flesh; ע׳ גידים ועצמות of sinews and bones. ↗ original

עִיכּוּם proper noun of a place, see אֵכּוּם a. עַכּוֹ. ↗ original

עֵיל (עוּל) = Hebrew עָל, height, heaven. Targum Job 37, 9 עִילָא.—ע׳ מן, לע׳ מן above, over. [Daniel 6, 3 עֵלָּא.] Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 1, 7. Targum Genesis 22, 9. Targum Numbers 1, 3 (O. edition Vienna edition לעֵלָּא); and very frequently—מִלְּעֵ׳ from on high, above. Targum Psalms 50, 4. Targum I Chronicles 11, 11; and frequently—Bava Bathra 45ᵃ דסלקין לע׳ ודנחתין לתתא (for) those who go up (to Palestine) and those who come down (to Babylonia). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 6, end, 15ᶜ חדא מלע׳ וכ׳ one (grave) above and one below. Shabbath 30ᵃ שאול … לע׳ מר׳ תנחום they asked this question over (the head of) R. Tanḥum, i.e. those standing by him when he was teaching (see אֲמוֹרָא). Chullin 51ᵃ לע׳ מרבי רבה with the great Rabbi when he was teaching; and frequently—עִילוֹי upon him. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 28, 13; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 4ᶜ bottom of the page כד הויין תפילוי ע׳ when he had his T’fillin on. the same place (ibid.) ולא סמכין ע׳ but we do not rely upon him, and elsewhere—[Usu. עִילַוֵּיה, see עִילָוֵי, or עֲלוֹי, see עַל Chaldaic (Aramaic)] ↗ original

עִיל (compare עוּלָא I a. עוֹלָל) foal. Targum Zechariah 9, 9 edition Lagarde edition (other edition עַיִר). Targum Job 11, 12 (edition Vilna edition עֵילָא).—plural עִילִין, עִילֵי. Targum Judges 10, 4 (edition Vilna edition עוּלִין; some edition עַיְרִין). Targum Isaiah 30, 6. Targum Onkelos Genesis 32, 16; and elsewhere—Shabbath 155ᵃ בע׳ זוטרי when feeding very young foals.—[Bava Bathra 9ᵃ עילא משגש וכ׳ Manuscript Florence, see עוּלָא I.] ↗ original

עִילָא 2 common gender Chaldaic (Aramaic) (see עִילָה) [going around,] circumvention, intrigue, falsehood. Targum Ruth 4, 22; [Daniel 6, 5, and the following עִלָּה]. Targum Psalms 41, 7 edition Lagarde edition (other edition עַוְלָא; Hebrew text אָוֶן). the same place (ibid.) 58, 3 (some edition עילאה, correct accordingly; Hebrew text עוֹלֹת). the same place (ibid.) 71, 4. Targum Job 13, 7 manuscript (edition שקר). pretext Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, 35ᵃ bottom of the page ע׳ את בעי you want a pretext; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᶜ top עִילְתָה (fem.).—plural עִילִין. Targum Psalms 64, 7 (Hebrew text עוֹלֹת).—[עִילָא feminine Hebrew, see עִילָה.] ↗ original

עִילָא 3 proper noun of a male person, see עוּלָא 2 ↗ original

עִילָאָה (see עֵילָא) high, uppermost; Most High. Targum Psalms 57, 3. Targum Isaiah 14, 14 (edition Vilna edition עִילָאִי, correct accordingly; edition Lagarde edition עִילַי); and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 5, 56ᶜ top גלילא ע׳ Upper Galilee; Sanhedrin 11ᵇ (not גלילאה). Sotah 40ᵃ יתקלס ע׳ the Most High will be praised. Pesachim 76ᵃ, and elsewhere ע׳ גבר, see גְּבַר I; and frequently—[Targum Psalms 58, 3 some edition, see עִילָא 2.—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 2, 22 עלאה, edition Amsterdam edition, see עִלְעָא.]—plural עִילָאֵי, עִילָיֵיא, עִלָ׳ Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 1, 6 (I edition Vienna edition עִלָּ׳). Targum Psalms 104, 13 (edition Vilna edition עִלַאי singular, referring to בית); and elsewhere—Bava Metzia 107ᵇ קוצו ע׳ וכ׳ cut down the trees on the upper and on the lower river banks, then I shall cut mine. the same place (ibid.) 108ᵃ תתאי מסייעי ע׳ those below must assist those above (in felling the trees). Echah Rabbah to 1, 16; 4, 19; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 5, 55ᵇ, see אַרְעָאָה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᵈ top דִּלָא שלח ע׳ לא שלח ארעייה for if he does not take off the upper socks, he cannot take off the lower ones (hence they are considered as if sewed together); and frequently—Fem. עִילִיתָא; plural עִילְיָיתָא, עִילְיָתָא. Bava Metzia 116ᵇ עִלְיָיתָא אתבור (Munich manuscript עִילְיָתָא איתבר, correct accordingly) the uppermost bricks were broken, see חֲבָטָא. ↗ original

עילבו , Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 940 גנבין ליה ע׳, see עַנְּבָא ↗ original

עִילָה (עָלַל; compare בִּילָה frequently בָּלַל) [going about, bringing about; compare סִיבָּה end,] circumstance, cause; pretext. Kethuboth 20ᵇ ע׳ מצאו וטהרו וכ׳ they found some (paltry) reason to declare clean a spot in the land of Israel; Nazir 65ᵇ עילא; [Rashi: עילא = עילעא rib of a human body]. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 3, end, 28ᵃ מצאתי ע׳ לשחררו I have found an opportunity to set him free. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 10, 47ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 42ᵃ (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) על ידי ע׳, see זְבִינְתָּא. Bereshith Rabbah section 20; section 45; section 63 ואף היא על ידי ע׳ and even this in a round-about way (indirectly); and elsewhere crookedness, insidiousness, falsehood. Eduy. 5, 7 שמא ע׳ מצאת בי (Mishnah edition עַוְלָה; Munich manuscript עָוֶל) hast thou found any falsehood in me? Pesikta Rabbati section 28 נפלו עליהם בע׳ they turned against them with insidiousness.—5. עֲלִילָה. ↗ original

עִילָוֵי plural construct state (see עֵיל) above, upon, around. Targum Psalms 55, 11. Targum Onkelos Genesis 28, 13 עִילָווֹהִי (edition Vienna edition עִלָּ׳; edition Berlin edition עִילָּ׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) עִילוֹי). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 24, 16 עִילַוֵּיה. Targum I Samuel 13, 11 מֵעִילַוַּי (not … וִי); and frequently—Chullin 8ᵇ: 111ᵃ ע׳ בישרא on top of meat. Kethuboth 99ᵃ דליפשו שטרי עִילַוַּאי that many notes should circulate against me; and frequently ↗ original

עִילּוּי (עָלָה) going up; elevation. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 6; 8, 5 עִילּוּיָהּ מהמדבר her (Israel’s) rise dates from the desert; (Tanchuma Sh’moth 14 עלייה). Tanchuma Bechukkothai 3 (referring to ויקח, Genesis 2, 15) אין ויקח אלא לשון ע׳ ‘he took’ has the meaning of elevation (with referring to Genesis 12, 15), see עָלָה Pi'el; and elsewhere valuation, value. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 2, 51ᵈ bottom of the page אמר לאדם עִילּוּייוֹ עלי (not עילויין) if one says pointing at a man, I vow his value (instead of ערכו, see סִידּוּר I). Arachin 8, 7; Temurah 7, 3 הקדש ע׳, see הֶקְדֵּישׁ. the same place (ibid.) 32ᵃ הקדש ע׳ לבית המקדש consecration of value to be applied to the repair of the Temple. Sifra Bechukkothai, Parah 4, Chaldaic (Aramaic) X אין מוסיפין … על עִילּוּיוֹ של זה we do not demand an addition of one-fifth over this man’s valuation (offer); Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 677 עיליו (correct accordingly). ↗ original

עִילּוּיָא rise, improved stage. Berachoth 36ᵃ אית ליה ע׳ אחרינא בפת (flour) is capable of a still higher stage by being made into bread; לית ליה ע׳ אחרינא (oil) has no higher stage. the same place (ibid.) 35ᵇ דאשתני לע׳ (wine) which has changed (from grapes) to a higher stage. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 5, 44ᵈ, see יַקִּיר Chaldaic (Aramaic) valuation. Targum Job 28, 13. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 27, 2 (edition Vienna edition עִילוֹי); the same place (ibid.) 3 (edition Vienna edition עֲלוֹיֵיה; the same place (ibid.) 4, and the following עֲלוֹיָהּ, עִילוֹיָהּ, correct accordingly).—Bava Bathra 12ᵇ מעלינן ליה ע׳ וכ׳ (Munich manuscript מעלינן עליה וכ׳) we value it as high as etc. Kiddushin 42ᵇ פלוג בע׳ they divided the estate according to value, opposite במשחתא by measure (irrespective of value). the best thing. Kethuboth 50ᵇ עילוייא דאב, see עְלִיָּה. ↗ original

עִילּוּיי , see the preceding ↗ original

עִילַי , see עִילָאָה ↗ original

עיליו , Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 677, see עִילּוּי. ↗ original

עִילָיֵיא , plural of עִילָאָה. ↗ original

עִילְיָין , plural of עִילִיתָא 2. ↗ original

עִילִישׁ ʿIlish. Bava Bathra 133ᵇ. Gittin 45ᵃ ↗ original

עִילִיתָא 1 (see עִילָא 2) falsehood, wrong. Targum Job 24, 20 edition Lagarde edition (edition Vilna edition עִילְתָא; Hebrew text עַוְלָה). the same place (ibid.) 15, 16, see עַוְלְתָא. ↗ original

עִילִיתָא 2 (עֲלֵי) = Hebrew עֲלִיָּה, upper chamber, loft; upper story. Targum Judges 3, 23, and the following; and frequently—Constr. עִילִית, עִלִית, עֲלִיַת, עֲלִיַית. the same place (ibid.) 20. Targum 2 Kings 23, 12. Targum 2 Samuel 19, 1; and elsewhere—Bava Metzia 14ᵃ זבין עי׳ וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition עלי׳) bought an upper story of his sister. Bereshith Rabbah section 99 ע׳ קרירתא the summer chamber (Judges 3, 20). Pesachim 114ᵃ, see קָקוּלָא; and frequently—ע׳ דדינרי a roomful of Denars, a certain amount of money. Bava Bathra 133ᵇ.—plural עִילְיָן, עִלְיָין; עִילְיָתָא, עֲלִיָתָא. Targum Jeremiah 22, 14. Targum 2 Chronicles 3, 9; and elsewhere—Bava Bathra the passage cited תליסר עִלְיָיאתָא דדינרי thirteen roomfuls of Denars; Shabbath 119ᵃ עִילְיָתָא. see עִילָאָה ↗ original

עִילַּם strong, see עֲלֵם. ↗ original

עִילָם (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun Elam (Susiana), south of Assyria (see Schrader KAT², p. 111). Bereshith Rabbah section 42 ע׳ זה מדי Elam (Genesis 14, 1) is Media. Sanhedrin 89ᵃ; and elsewhere—Denom. עֵילָמִי; feminine עילָמִית Elamite, Elamitic. Megillah 18ᵃ קראה … ע׳ if he read the Book of Esther in Elamitic.—plural masculine עֵילָמִים. the same place (ibid.) עילמית לע׳ (if he read the Book of Esther) in Elamitic to Elamites. ↗ original

עִילְעָא , see sub עִלְ׳. ↗ original

עִילְתָא , see עִילִיתָא ↗ original

עִילְתָה pretext, see עִילָא 2. ↗ original

עִימָּא , see אִימָּה 2 ↗ original

עִימְאוּם , see עִימְעוּם 2 ↗ original

עִימָּה , see אִימָּה 2 ↗ original

עִימּוּר (denominative of התעמר, Deuteronomy 24, 7, see עָמַר) using as a slave, deriving benefit from a stolen person, service. Sanhedrin 85ᵇ (referring to Mishnah the same place (ibid.) 11, 1) ותנא קמא לא בעי ע׳ does the first named authority not require that, in order to be guilty, the kidnapper must have imposed a slave’s service upon the stolen person? the same place (ibid.) יש דרך ע׳ בכך וכ׳ is this a sort of service or not? the same place (ibid.) ותיפוק ליה ליכא ע׳ כלל but this would be no service at all. ↗ original

עִימּוּר ² (עָמַר) heaping up, carrying sheaves home. Peah 4, 6 אין השכחה אלא בשעת הע׳ the law concerning the forgotten sheaf begins to be binding only at the time of carrying sheaves home; Sifré Deuteronomy 282. Shabbath 73ᵇ אין ע׳ אלא בגידולי קרקע ʿimmur (as Sabbath labor) applies only to plants. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 7, 10ᵃ bottom of the page תולדות הע׳ the secondary labors coming under the category of ʿimmur; and elsewhere ↗ original

עִימְסוֹנִי , see עִמְסוֹנִי ↗ original

עִימְעוּם (עִמְעֵם) obscuring or suppressing the law, irregular measure passed in an emergency. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 8, 38ᵃ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 41ᵈ, and elsewhere מהלכות של ע׳ one of the regulations passed in an emergency contrary to the real law. the same place (ibid.) ויש ע׳ לאיסור dare you pass a prohibitory measure contrary to law?; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, 3ᶜ bottom of the page (also עִימּוּם). ↗ original

עִימְעוּם ² ʿImʿum (Emmaus, see אִמָּאוּס). Kerithoth 3, 7 (15ᵃ) איטליס של ע׳ Babylonian edition (Mishnah אמאום) the bazaar of 1.; Makkoth 14ᵃ. איטליז של עימאום (early editions עימעום, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 4). ↗ original

עִימְעֵם , see עָמַם ↗ original

עֵימַק , see עָמְקָא ↗ original

עִימְקוּתָא , see עִמְקוּתָא ↗ original

עי"ן , see עיי"ן ↗ original

עַיִן eye, sight, look. Kiddushin 24ᵃ בשן וע׳, see יָצָא. the same place (ibid.) 24ᵇ הכהו על עֵינוֹ וכ׳ if the master struck him on his eye and made it blind. Bava Kamma 83ᵇ (referring to Exodus 21, 24) אימא ע׳ ממש may not the text mean that he who injures a person’s eye must really suffer the same injury? Shabbath 108ᵇ bottom of the page יד לע׳ וכ׳ an unwashed hand (in the morning) touching the eye deserves to be cut off. Taanith 8ᵇ סמוי מן הע׳, see סָמָא. the same place (ibid.) דבר שאין הע׳ שולטת בו something which the eye cannot look at (being stored away), see below; and very frequently—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 9, end, 41ᶜ עשה לה ע׳ של זהב, a corrupt dittography of עשה לה שן של זהב.]—ע׳ טובה (also יפה) a benevolent eye, good will, liberality, opposite ע׳ רעה or עֵין הרע (abbr. עה"ר), also ע׳ צרה ill-will, selfishness, envy. Avoth 2, 9. Shabbath 74ᵃ משום ע׳ יפה וכ׳ he intended to show his good will. Tosefta Challah 1, 7 שעינו יפה בעיסתו he is liberal with his dough (is glad to give the priest’s portion), opposite עינו צרה. Esther Rabbah to 1, 4 היתה עינו צרה בממונו he was jealous of his wealth (unwilling to leave it to his heirs to be enjoyed by them). Avoth 5, 13 עינו רצה בשל אחרים he is illiberal with regard to other people’s money (begrudges them the privilege of giving charity), ע׳ רעה בשלו he is illiberal with his own money (is too greedy to afford himself the pleasure of giving charity). the same place (ibid.) 2, 11, see יֵצֶר; and frequently—צַר ע׳ (= רַע ע׳) selfish, opposite טוב ע׳ liberal, selfless. Shabbath 108ᵇ שדורי … צר ע׳ אנא I send you (the salve), lest you say that I am selfish. Sotah 38ᵇ אפי׳ העופות מכירין בצָרֵי ע׳ even birds recognize selfish men. the same place (ibid.) כל הנהנה מצרי ע׳ וכ׳ he who accepts benefits from self-seeking men, transgresses a law (referring to Proverbs 23, 6). the same place (ibid.) אין … לטוב ע׳ the cup of benediction must be handed to none but an unselfish person (with referring to Proverbs 22, 9); and elsewhere—Esp. ע׳ רעה, עֵין הרע (abbreviated or abbreviation עה"ר), or only עַיִן, the evil eye, an envious glance that brings harm to the person looked at, bewitchment. Bava Metzia 107ᵇ (referring to Deuteronomy 7, 15) זו ע׳ that means the effect of an evil eye. the same place (ibid.) תשעים … בע׳ רעה וכ׳ ninety-nine persons die of an evil eye against one in the natural course. Bereshith Rabbah section 91 שלא תשלוט בכם עה"ר that the evil eye may have no power over you. the same place (ibid.) לא הייתם … מפני הע׳ were you not afraid of the evil eye? Berachoth 20a ע׳ שלא … אין עה"ר שולטת בי no evil eye can affect him whose eye refused to feed on what was not his (to look at the charms of a married woman); and frequently—שקל ע׳ בע׳ to balance the scales exactly, to allow no overweight (see עוּן, a. כָּרַע). Bava Bathra 5, 11; and frequently—בע׳ visible to the eye, discernible; in natural form. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 6, 10ᵃ אע"פ ששחוקין בעֵינָן הן although they are ground, they are still discernible. the same place (ibid.) אם בעַיְינָן הן if they are in their natural form (not mashed); and frequently—כְּעֵין like the appearance of, similar to, a sort of (compare גַּוָּון). the same place (ibid.)ᵇ כל שהוא כע׳ סולת וכ׳ whatever resembles a pudding or dumpling. Berachoth 58ᵃ (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) מלכותא דארעא כע׳ וכ׳ the government on earth is like the government in heaven (inspires reverence); and frequently—מֵעֵין a reflection of, of the nature of; an abstract of. Sanhedrin 105ᵇ (referring to the preposition מ in I Kings 1, 47) מע׳ קאמר ליה he means, ‘as a reflection’ (of thy name, thy throne). the same place (ibid.) (referring to Judges 5, 24) מע׳ קאמר it means ‘similar to’ (the blessings of Sarah etc.). Berachoth 4, 3 מע׳ י"ח an abstract of the eighteen benedictions. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 8ᵃ bottom of the page שבע מע׳ י"ח seven benedictions embodying the eighteen. the same place (ibid.) 6, 10ᵇ ברכה אחת מע׳ שלש one benediction embodying the three. Bereshith Rabbah section 11, and elsewhere, see דּוּגְמַטְרִין.—Dual עֵינַיִים, עֵינַיִם. Bechoroth 7, 4 עֵינָיו גדולות וכ׳ if his (the priest’s) eyes are as large as those of a calf. the same place (ibid.) 3. Berachoth 58ᵃ, and elsewhere נתן עיניו בו וכ׳ he put his eyes on him, and he was turned into a heap of bones. Yerushalmi (prefix) Horayoth 3, end, 48ᶜ נתנו עֵינֵיהֶן בשמואל וכ׳ they directed their attention to Samuel etc.; and frequently—אחז את הע׳, see אָחַז. anything resembling the eye, hole, ring etc. Kelim 8, 7 ע׳ של תנור the ‘eye’ of an oven (the fire-place under the oven, Maimonides; the opening for the escape of the smoke, which may be closed to retain the heat, Rabbenu Shimshon). the same place (ibid.) 9, 8 תנור שניקב מעינו an oven in the eye of which is a defect. the same place (ibid.) 21, 2 ע׳ the ring-shaped pad around an animal’s neck (a halter of soft material). the same place (ibid.) ע׳ של מתכת a metal hame (compare עוֹנָתָא). Tosefta Kelim Bava Bathra 1, 7 העיין שבמצעד the ring attached to an adze; and frequently spring, well. Kethuboth 1, 10; and frequently—[Frequ. עֵין in proper noun of a place, as ע׳ סוכר, ע׳ טב; see respective determinants]. ↗ original

עַיִן ² eye, sight etc. Targum Leviticus 24, 20. Targum Onkelos Exodus 22, 2. the same place (ibid.) 10, 5; and frequently—Chullin 96ᵃ, and frequently טביעות ע׳, see טְבִיעוּתָא.—בע׳ (see the preceding) discernible, in natural form. Pesachim 75ᵃ top בְּעֵינֵיה, see קִיּוּהָא.—כְּעֵין, מֵעֵין, see the preceding Targum Deuteronomy 33, 28. Targum Joshua 24, 27; and elsewhere—ע׳ בישא (or only ע׳) evil eye. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 42, 5.—Berachoth 20ᵃ. Pesachim 50ᵇ שלטא בהו ע׳ the eye controls them (they cannot be hidden from sight; see Taanith 8ᵇ, quoted in the preceding). Bava Metzia 30ᵃ משום ע׳ (Munich manuscript ע׳ בישא) because it attracts the (evil) eye; and very frequently—Nedarim 50ᵃ the ram (figure-head, see אֵילָא) דכל ספינתא עבדין ליה מן ע׳ which all ships have attached (as a protection) from the evil eye (and which the losers paid a high price for redeeming; compare Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Insigne) [commentary or commentaries explain differently].—plural עֵינִין, עַיְינִין. Targum Genesis 3, 6; and frequently ring, collar; hole. Moed Katan 10ᵃ בת עינא (he cuts out) the hole for the hopper, see כָּבַשׁ.—plural as ab. Targum Hosea 10, 10, see עוֹנָתָא [guide,] guide-post on cross-roads (only in plural). Targum Onkelos Genesis 38, 14 פרשות ע׳; the same place (ibid.) 21 ע׳ (edition Berlin edition עֵינַיִם, as proper noun of a place; Yerushalmi (prefix) סכות ע׳). spring, well. Targum Genesis 16, 7; and frequently—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Exodus 15, 27 ענווא (some edition עניא, read: עֵינָא or עַיְינָא).—plural עַיְינִין, עֵינָוָון, עֵינָוָן, עֵינְוָתָא; עֵינָתָא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 1, 2 the same place (ibid.) Targum 2 Chronicles 32, 3. the same place (ibid.) 4 עַיְינָוָתָא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Numbers 34, 9, and the following (טירת) עֵינְוָותָא proper noun of a place Ṭirath ‘Envatha (Hebrew text חצר עינן); Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2 the same place (ibid.) (דירת) עַיְינוּתָא, see עַיְנוּתָא.—Bechoroth 55ᵃ and the following והאיכא עינתא מידליין but are there not springs higher than the Euphrates? ↗ original

עֵינָב , see עֵנָב, עִנְּבָא. ↗ original

עֵינְבּוּל ‘En-Bul. Chullin 57ᵇ מעשה בענב׳; Tosefta Oholoth 2, 6 בעין בול. Bechoroth 39ᵇ מעשה בעינבול באחד וכ׳ (not בעינבל אחד) it happened at ‘En Bul with one etc.; (Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4, 6 מעשה באחד). Tosefta Niddah 5, 14. ↗ original

עִינְבּוֹל (diminutive of עֵנָב; see אִנְבּוֹל) clapper of a bell. Kelim 14, 4 ענבול edition Dehr. (edition ענבל). Shabbath 58ᵇ עינבל; and frequently—plural עִינְכּוֹלִין, עִינְבָּלִין, עִנְ׳. the same place (ibid.) ניטלו עִינְבָּלֵיהֶן if their clappers are gone; (Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 1, 13 אנבילים, אנביליהן, see אִנְבּוֹל).—[Bechoroth 39ᵇ, see the preceding] ↗ original

עֵינַבְתָּא , see עֵנַבְתָּא ↗ original

עֵינָה (see עַיִן) affection of the eye; well, flux, see עוֹנָה 3, 4. ↗ original

עִינּוּג (עָנַג) pleasure, sweetness. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 11 הקורא מקרא בעִינּוּגוֹ ובניגונו he who reads a Bible verse so as to bring out its sweetness and its melodious sound. Koheleth Rabbah to 2, 8 אלו האגדות שהן ענוגו של מקרא (some edition ענוגי, read. עִנּוּגִין plural) that means the ăgadoth (see אֲגָדָה) which are the delightful part of Biblical interpretation. the same place (ibid.) עִנּוּגָן של ישראל the enjoyment of Israel (in the Holy Land; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 968 תענוגה של ארץ ישראל).—plural עִינּוּגִין, עִנּ׳, see above. ↗ original

עֵינָיָון , plural of עֵינָא. ↗ original

עִינְוָון , see sub ענ׳. ↗ original

עִינּוּי (עָנָה 1) chorus of lamentation, dirge. Moed Katan 3, 9 (referring to מְעַנּוֹת the same place (ibid.)) איזהו ע׳ וכ׳ when is a lamentation called ʿinnuy? When all begin at once, contradistinguished to קינה, when one speaks and the chorus responds. ↗ original

עִינּוּי ² (עָנָה 2) delay, postponement. Avoth 5, 8 ע׳ הדין delay in executing judgment, contradistinguished to עוות; Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 38; Shabbath 33ᵃ affliction, oppression; suffering. Mechilta Mishpatim section 18 (referring to ענה תענה, Exodus 22, 22) אחד ע׳ מרובה וכ׳ whether a great oppression (effecting a great loss), or a small oppression; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 349. Yoma 74ᵇ ע׳ בידי שמים a divine affliction; ע׳ בידי אדם an affliction at the hands of men. Sifré Deuteronomy 130 (referring to Deuteronomy 16, 3) it is called ‘bread of misery’ with reference to the affliction which they suffered in Egypt; and frequently—Esp. (with or without נפש) self-affliction, mortification of the flesh. Yoma the passage cited (referring to Leviticus 16, 31) ע׳ שיש בו אבידת נפש an affliction with which a loss of vitality is connected (see אֲבֵידָה). the same place (ibid.) (referring to Deuteronomy 8, 3) מה להלן ע׳ רעבון וכ׳ as there affliction means suffering through lack of food, so here etc. the same place (ibid.) 77ᵃ רחיצה דאקרי ע׳ that abstention from bathing is called a privation. Nedarim 11, 1 נדרי ע׳ נפש, see נֶדֶר; and frequently—plural עִינּוּיִים, עִינּוּיִין, עִנּ׳. Yoma 76ᵃ הני חמשה ע׳ וכ׳ those five deprivations (on the Day of Atonement)—what do they correspond to? כנגד חמשה ע׳ שבתורה to the five afflictions (fivefold use of ענה) in the Biblical text; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 8, 44ᵈ top כנגד ששה ע׳ וכ׳ corresponding to the six afflictions etc.; and elsewhere ↗ original

עִינּוּיָא Chaldaic (Aramaic) = עִינּוּי I. Targum Jeremiah 9, 19 (Hebrew text קינה). Targum Micah 2, 4 עִינּוּיֵיה (not עינוייא, edition Lagarde edition; other edition עִינִּיתֵיה). ↗ original

עִינּוּיָא ² Chaldaic (Aramaic) = עִינּיּי 2. Targum Lamentations 3, 19. ↗ original

עִינּוּן (denominative of עוֹנֵן, see עוּן) conjuring. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 9ᶜ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 7, 24ᶜ top העונן (correct accordingly). ↗ original

עִינְוָן , see עֶנְוָן ↗ original

עֵינָוָן , see עֵינָא ↗ original

עַיְנוּתָא (see עֵינָא) well, spring. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 34, 11 (Yerushalmi (prefix) I עֵינְוָותָא). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) the same place (ibid.) 15; and elsewhere—plural עֵינְוָותָא, עִינְוָתָא, עֵינָוָון, עֵינָוָן, see עֵינָא. ↗ original

*עֵינוּתָא (see עֵינָא 3) street-corner. Targum Proverbs 7, 8 variant reading edition Lagarde edition a. other edition (edition Lagarde edition פִּינִּיתָהּ; edition Vilna edition פִּנְּתָהּ; Hebrew text פִּנָהּ). ↗ original

עִינְוְתָן , see sub ענו׳. ↗ original

עֵינְטַב , see טַב 3 ↗ original

עֵינָיו , see עֵנָב ↗ original

עִינְיָין , see sub עִנְיָ׳. ↗ original

עִינִּיתָא , see עִינּוּיָא I.—[Echah Rabbah to 4, 18 עיניתיה some edition, see עוניתא.] ↗ original

עֵינָן ʿEnan (Springs). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Numbers 34, 11 (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 עינותא; Hebrew text עַיִן). ↗ original

עִינְקָא , see עִנְקָא ↗ original

עִינְתָא , see עַנְתָא ↗ original

עִיסְבָּא , see עִסְבָּא ↗ original

עִיסָה (עסס) started dough (contradistinguished to בצק risen dough), quantity of flour used for one person’s meal. Eruvin 83ᵇ כמה עִיסַת המדבר how much is the ʿisah of the desert? Makhshirin 2, 8 פת ע׳ bread made of started dough (of pure flour), opposite פת קיבר. Tosefta Challah 1, 4 העושה ע׳ לאוכלה בבצק if one starts dough with the intention to eat it as dough when it is risen. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, end, 58ᵈ דרך ע׳ the way dough is made (of pure flour). the same place (ibid.) עִיסָתוֹ מרובה his (the baker’s) dough is a large quantity. the same place (ibid.) עינה יפה בעִיסָתָהּ, see עַיִן; and very frequently—plural עִיסוֹת. Eruvin the passage cited (referring to Numbers 15, 20) כדי עִיסוֹתֵיכֶם a quantity large enough for your dough (for immediate use); וכמה עיסותיכם וכ׳ and how large is that quantity? As much as the ʿisa of the desert. Avodah Zarah 68ᵃ. Sotah 30ᵃ; and frequently—Transferred a) the human body, sensuality. Vayikra Rabbah section 13, see נָשַׁף. Berachoth 17ᵃ גלוי … ומי מעכב שאור שבע׳ it is revealed and known to thee, that it is our will to do thy will, and what prevents it? The leaven in the dough (the fermenting passion). Bereshith Rabbah section 34 (referring to Genesis 8, 21) עלובה היא הע׳ שנחתומה וכ׳ it is poor dough which the baker (that sells it) declares to be bad; and elsewhere—b) a mixed family, a family suspected of containing an alien admixture, ʿisah, (opposite סולת נקיה, see סֹלֶת). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 1, 25ᵈ top; Tosefta Kiddushin 5, 2 איזוהי ע׳ (כשירה) כל וכ׳ what ʿisah is it the issue of which is admitted to priesthood? In which there is no suspicion of an admixture of n’thinim etc.; Kethuboth 14ᵃ איזוהי אלמנת ע׳ (strike out אלמנת, see Tosafoth ad loc. (on the passage)). Tosefta the passage cited מפני מה אמרו ע׳ פסולה וכ׳ why, then, has it been declared that a woman of an ʿisah family is prohibited from marrying into priesthood? Because suspected ḥălalim (see חָלָל 2) are mixed up with it. Eduy. 8, 3, and frequently אלמנת ע׳ the widow of one belonging to an ʿisah family. the same place (ibid.) ע׳ כשירה לטמא וכ׳ a member of an ʿisah family may serve (through intermarriage) to make clean as well as to make unclean, see מִקְוֶה; and frequently—Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 808 עמדו … וערבו את הע׳ (not וערכו) the daughters of Lot arose and mixed the dough (had incestuous intercourse). ↗ original

עִיסּוּק (עָסַק) doing, management. Vayikra Rabbah section 13 אברהם ראה … בעִיסּוּקָן Abraham (in his vision, Genesis 15, 9 and the following) beheld the empires typically represented by their doings (policy). Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 7ᵇ bottom of the page צא שעה אחת לעִיסּוּקוֹ deduct one hour for the work of preparing the sacrifice; Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 5, 31ᶜ, and the following Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 5, end, 7ᶜ שור שעיסוקו רע an ox hard to manage. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 9, 23ᶜ bottom of the page מצות ע׳ מדידה the law demanding the act of measuring (even if there be no doubt as to the nearest place, Deuteronomy 21, 2); (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 45ᵃ; Sanhedrin 14ᵇ לַעֲסוֹק במדידה). ↗ original

עִיסּוּרְיָתָא (עֲסַר) divisions of ten. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 1, 15; Exodus 18, 21 edition Berlin edition (other edition a. Yerushalmi (prefix) עִישּׂוֹ׳). arrangement of tenth portions in succession. Nedarim 39ᵇ כעיש׳ דבי רבי like the arrangement in the house of Rabbi (that the first daughter gets one-tenth of the estate, the second one-tenth of the remainder and so on). (of coins) decades, groups of tens. Bava Metzia 64ᵃ top בע׳ וחומשייתא (a reasonable mistake is) a mistake in decades or in fives (where you count by tens or fives). ↗ original

עִיסָיוֹת , see עָסוּת ↗ original

עִיסְקָא , construct state עֵיסַק, see עִסְקָא ↗ original

עִיסֻּרְיָתָא , see עִיסּוּרְ׳ ↗ original

עָיֵף fainting, wearied; exhausted. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Zakhor, p. 28ᵃ (referring to Deuteronomy 25, 18) ע׳ בצמא faint from thirst; Tanchuma Ki Thetse 10; and elsewhere—plural עֲיֵפִים, עֲיֵפִין, עֲיֵי׳. Shemoth Rabbah section 19 מפני שהיו ע׳ מן הריח because they were fainting from the smell (of the Passover sacrifice). (= יָגֵעַ) hard-working, industrious. Sanhedrin 94ᵇ (referring to Isaiah 8, 23) אין נמסר עַם ע׳ בתורה ביד מי המציק לו the people (of Judah) that studies the Law with painstaking shall not be delivered into the hands of him who distresses it. ↗ original

עִיף 1 (see the preceding) weariness. Targum Job 7, 11 manuscript (edition עקת). ↗ original

עִיף 2 to bend, double. Targum Exodus 26, 9 ותְעוּף manuscript I (manuscript 2 ותְעִיף; O. edition Berlin edition a. Yerushalmi (prefix) ותֵיעוֹף; other edition ותָעֵיף Af'el).—participle passive (עֵיף) עִיף. the same place (ibid.) 28, 16; 39, 9 (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition Vienna edition עֵיף).—Berachoth 56ᵃ, see חָסָא I. Chullin 51ᵇ עִיף מֵיעַף Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (Alfasi עָיֵיף מיעף; edition עוף ומעופף) if the cloak is well folded. Pa'el פִּעֵל עַיֵּיף to double, fold. Kethuboth 67ᵇ עַיְּיפִינְהוּ וכ׳ he doubled them (his gifts) and sent them to him. Shabbath 134ᵃ ולְעַיֵּיף ליה לעילאי (not ועייף; Rashi ולעַפְפֵיה; manuscript Rashi וליכייפיה, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 10) let him bend the border upward. Eruvin 96ᵇ אדעתא … עייפינהו he doubled them with the intention of making borders to a cloak. Menachoth 42ᵃ; and elsewhere Af'el הִפְעִיל אָעֵיף same, see above. Pol. עוֹפֵף , see עֲפַף ↗ original

עֵיפָא 1 (the preceding) cover, veil. Targum Onkelos Genesis 24, 65 (Hebrew text צעיף); and elsewhere ↗ original

עֵיפָא 2 ʿEfa, see חֵיפָא 3. ↗ original

עִיפּוּי (עפה = עיף, see עֲפֵי I) junction, combination; [other opinion weariness]. Chagigah 15ᵃ, see עוֹרֶף. ↗ original

עִיפּוּשָׁא (עֲפַשׁ) mouldering. Pesachim 40ᵃ אכיל נהמא דע׳ he eats mouldy bread. ↗ original

עִיץ , see עוּץ ↗ original

עֵיצָא , see עֵצָא, עֵצָה. ↗ original

עִיצְבָּא , see עוּצְבָּא 2 ↗ original

עִיצּוּם (עָצַם) strength. Echah Rabbah to 3, 4 (explained עצמותי, the same place (ibid.)) [read:] עִיצּוּמִי בָּנַי שהיו כבני העצומים (he broke) my strength, that is, my sons who were like the sons of the mighty. essence, self. Shabbath 86ᵇ; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 278 (referring to זכור את וכ׳, Exodus 13, 3, a. 20, 8) מה להלן בעִיצּוּמוֹ של יום וכ׳ as there the word was delivered on the selfsame day (of the exodus), so it was here on the selfsame day (on a Sabbath day). Yoma 81ᵃ (referring to בעצם, Leviticus 23, 30) על עיצומו של יום וכ׳ labor on the day itself is punished with extinction (contradistinguished to תוספת). Menachoth 68ᵇ, and elsewhere plural עִיצּוּמִים, עִיצּוּמִין, עִצּ׳ (compare אַסְמַכְתָּא) surety, a promise made with the condition of a forfeit in case of failure to fulfill it. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 10, 17ᶜ bottom of the page ע׳ … גבי R. A. decided a promise of forfeit to be collectible. Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 5, 47ᵇ, [read as:] Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra the passage cited אע"ג דלית לר׳ יוסי גבי ע׳ … דאינון גביי וכ׳ although R. J. declares ʿitsumim not to be collectible, he admits that they are collectible in the case of those who indenture their sons to a trade, because the livelihood of men requires such a measure. ↗ original

עִיצּוּר (עָצַר) closing up (of the womb), obstruction of orifices. Bereshith Rabbah section 41; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 69.—5. עֲצִירָה. ↗ original

עִיצּוּר ² (עֲצַר) wine pressing. Targum Isaiah 16, 10 (Hebrew text הידד). grapes to be pressed.—plural עִיצּוּרִין, עִצּ׳. the same place (ibid.) edition Lagarde edition (other edition עָצוֹרִין, see עָצוֹרָא). Targum Jeremiah 48, 33. plural as ab. grape-shells. Targum Onkelos Numbers 6, 4 (Hebrew text זג). ↗ original

עִיצְיָא = Hebrew עָצֶה, backbone. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Leviticus 3, 9 (edition Vienna edition עֵיצַיָּא). ↗ original

עֵיצְתָא , see עֵצָא ↗ original

עָיֵק , see עוּק ↗ original

עיָק (עוּק) narrowness, anguish. Targum Onkelos Exodus 6, 9 עֲיַק רוחא (edition Berlin edition עַיַק; edition Vienna edition מַעְיַק). Targum Psalms 31, 10 (edition Vilna edition עַיִק), see עוּק Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original

עָיְקָא (the preceding), construct state עַיְקַת, narrow, sorrowful. Targum I Samuel 1, 15 (edition Lagarde edition a. other עָקַת). Targum Isaiah 54, 6. ↗ original

עָיְקָא ² (the preceding) oppressor, enemy.—plural עָיְקִין, עָיְי׳. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 25, 18 (edition Vienna edition עַיְי׳). ↗ original

עִיקְבָא , see עִקְבָא ↗ original

עִיקָה (עוּק) depression; עִיקַת נפש mourning. Bereshith Rabbah section 94, and elsewhere, see חֲלוּקָה.—Tosefta Tohoroth 10, 3, see עִקָּל. ↗ original

עִיקּוּל , see עִקָּל ↗ original

עִיקּוּלָא , plural עִיקּוּלֵי, (עֲקַל) עִקּ׳ curves, small bays. Kethuboth 97ᵃ איגלאי … בע׳ הוו קיימי it turned out that the ship (carrying provisions) was waiting in the bays (until the high water would subside, and it could go to harbor). Avodah Zarah 34ᵇ התם ע׳ ופשורי איכא there (along the coast from Tyre to Accho) are bays (formed by protruding rocks) and shallow waters caused by melting snows. ↗ original

עִיקּוּם (עָקַם) curve.—plural עִיקּוּמִים, עִקּ׳. Bereshith Rabbah section 41, beg, see סִיקוֹסִים 2. ↗ original

עִיקּוּמָא , crookedness, perverseness. Targum Proverbs 4, 24. the same place (ibid.) 8, 8. ↗ original

עִיקּוּר (עָקַר) uprooting, tearing loose. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 5, 35ᵇ bottom of the page, see דִּיכּוּן. the same place (ibid.) כעיקר (correct accordingly).—Esp. ע׳ סימנים, or ע׳ tearing loose the windpipe and gullet before cutting, looseness of etc. (see סִימָן). Chullin 44ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) 9ᵃ; 27ᵃ; and frequently—3) mutilation, hamstringing; unfitting. Avodah Zarah 11ᵃ ע׳ שיש בו טריפה a mutilation which affects the vitality of the animal; ואיזהו ע׳ שאין וכ׳ and what mutilation does not affect etc.?, see נָשַׁר; the same place (ibid.) 13ᵃ; Tosefta Shabbath 7 (8), 20; and frequently—Bechoroth 53ᵃ; Yoma 66ᵃ, and elsewhere (referring to בהמה תיעקר, the same place (ibid.)) ואי זה הוא ע׳ נועל וכ׳ what kind of ʿiḳḳur is meant? He locks the door before the animal and lets it die of itself.—plural עִיקּוּרִים, עִיקּוּרִין, עִיקּוּרוֹת, עִקּ׳ plucking, harvest (of leguminous plants). Sanhedrin 65ᵇ לימודי … עִיקּוּרֵי קיטניות מהיות רעות (Rashi עקרי) it is usual in ante-Sabbatical years … for the harvests of leguminous plants (of peas etc.) not to be bad (see לִימּוּד); Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 918 עוקרי קוטניות מחיות (correct accordingly); Sifré Deuteronomy 171 עֲקִירוֹת קטנות להיות רעות for the small harvests to be bad; Tosefta Shabbath 7 (8), 14 ועִקּוּרוֹת קיטניות edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading עקודות, קטנות); Sifra K’dosh., Parah 3, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 6 עקורות קטניות. ↗ original

עִיקֵּל (עָקַל) bandy-legged. Bechoroth 7, 6 (45ᵃ), see נָקַשׁ; Sifra Emor, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 2, Parah 3 עִיקְלָן; Tosefta Bechoroth 5, 9 עִקְלָן. ↗ original

עֵיקֶל , see עִקָּל ↗ original

עִיקְלָא , see עִקְלָא ↗ original

עִיקְלָן , see עִיקֵּל ↗ original

עיקמנין , see עוֹקְמָן ↗ original

עִיקָּר (עָקַר) root. Kilayim 7, 1 הע׳ השני the second root (that of the slip, see אַרְכּוּבָה); and frequently—plural עִיקָּרִים, עִיקָּרִין, עִקָּ׳. the same place (ibid.) 2 ועִקָּרֵיהֶם נראין and the roots of the sets are visible. Shabbath 14, 3 כוס ע׳ root-drink (a medicine for gonorrhœa). Tosefta Yevamoth 8, 4 האיש … כוס ע׳ שלא יוליד a man must not take a root-drink for the purpose of becoming impotent. Shabbath the passage cited שמן ע׳ oil in which roots have been soaked. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 6, beginning 49ᶜ שבו שולקין את הע׳ (oil) in which they boiled the roots (for frankincense); Horayoth 11ᵇ; Kerith. 5ᵃ משלק בו הע׳. the same place (ibid.)Kerith. 5ᵃ משלק בו הע׳. the same place (ibid.) והלא לסוך הע׳ אינו סופק but there was not even oil enough to oint the roots (much less to soak them). Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Parah, p. 40ᵇ; Tanchuma Chukkath 8, and elsewhere מביאין ע׳ ומעשנין וכ׳ they get certain roots (and kindle them), and let the smoke rise under him; and elsewhere—Transferred origin. Kethuboth 77ᵃ מעִיקָּרוֹ from its origin (shaft), see חָתַךְ.—עִיקַּר מיטרין, see מִיטְרִין. essence, reality, main object, chief. Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 3, end, 59ᵃ עיקרו לא נחש הוא (not עיקרה) is not its (the saraf’s) real name naḥash? Sanhedrin 87ᵃ דבר שעיקרו מדברי וכ׳ a thing (law) which in its main aspect is found in the Torah, but the details of which are based on Soferic tradition (see סוֹפֵר). Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 6, 21ᵃ top ע׳ עדותו the main testimony in the case. Berachoth 12ᵇ (referring to Jeremiah 23, 7, and the following) לא שתעקר … אלא שתהא שעבוד מלכיות ע׳ וכ׳ not that the memory of the exodus from Egypt will be entirely effaced, but the delivery from servitude to the empires will be the chief event commemorated, and the exodus from Egypt subordinate to it (see טָפֵל). the same place (ibid.) 13ᵃ ישראל ע׳ Israel will be the chief name. Ruth Rabbah to 4, 11, and elsewhere, see מְסוּבֶּה. the same place (ibid.) (play on עקרה, Genesis 29, 31) ורחל היתה עיקרו … ורחל עֲקָרָה עִיקָּרָה Rachel was his (Jacob’s) main wife, for we read, ‘and Rachel was ʿḳʿăḳarah which means ʿiḳḳarah (the chief); Bereshith Rabbah section 71 רחל היתה עיקרו של בית Rachel was the chief person of the household. Bamidbar Rabbah section 14 (play on קערת, Numbers 7, 61) אל תקרי קערת אלא עִקֶּרֶת … עִקֶּרֶת הבית היא היתה עיקר ביתו וכ׳ read not ḳaʿărath, but ʿiḳḳereth, typical of Rachel who was the chief of the house: she was the chief person etc. Sukkah 50ᵇ ע׳ שירה בכלי the chief element in the Temple music is instrumental music; ע׳ שירה בפה the song is the essential element; and very frequently—טעם כע׳, see טַעַם.—כפר בע׳, see כָּפַר.—לא כל ע׳ not at all. Sanhedrin 22ᵃ לא נשתנה כל ע׳ has not at all been changed. Shemoth Rabbah section 16 אסור ליגע בה כל ע׳ must not touch her at all; and frequently—[In later Hebr. literature: עִיקָּרִים עִקָּ׳ principles of faith.] ↗ original

עִיקָּר ² same. Targum Job 29, 19. the same place (ibid.) 28, 9 עִיקַּרְהוֹן manuscript (edition עִקָּרֵיהוֹן, plural). the same place (ibid.) 19, 28. Targum Psalms 12, 5 כפרין בע׳ (see כפר); and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 53, end, and elsewhere על עִיקָּרֵיה, see זְרַק. Bava Metzia 103ᵇ כל עִיקַּר בלמא, see בְּלָמָא; and frequently—מֵעִיקָּרָא originally, at first. Avodah Zarah 3ᵇ ומע׳ מאן וכ׳ and originally (ere this) who taught them? the same place (ibid.) 41ᵃ מע׳ סבור … ולבסוף וכ׳ at first they thought …, but finally etc.; and very frequently—plural עִיקָּרִין, עִיקָּרַיָּא, עִקָּ׳. Targum Micah 6, 2. Targum Job 36, 30; and elsewhere a castrated animal. Shabbath 152ᵃ, see אִיקָא. ↗ original

עִיקָּרָה feminine, see עִיקָּר Hebrew ↗ original

עִיקֵּשׁ , see עָקוֹשׁ 2 ↗ original

עִיקְתָא 1 (see עִיקָה) distress, misfortune. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 21, 13. Targum Psalms 16, 3; and elsewhere—[Mostly עַקְתָא.] ↗ original

עִיקְתָא 2 (עקת, sec. root or radix of עוק), plural עִיקְתִין narrows. Targum Psalms 116, 3 (Hebrew text מצרי). ↗ original

*עַיִר (= Hebrew עַיִר; see עוּר; compare נַעַר) foal. Targum Zechariah 9, 9.—plural עַיְרִין. Targum Judges 10, 4; see עִיל. ↗ original

עִיר 1 (עוּר) guardian, angel. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 118, 8 ולא ירד עמו לא ע׳ ולא שרף וכ׳ edition Buber edition (other edition לא ע׳ ולא קדיש, borrowed from Daniel 4, 10) nor went down with him (Abraham) a guardian, or Seraph, or angel. the same place (ibid.) to Psalms 1 (play on עיר, Genesis 11, 4) ואין ע׳ אלא אלוה ʿir means a deity (referring to Daniel the passage cited).—plural עִירִין. Pesachim 33ᵃ (quoted frequently Daniel 4, 14) בגזירת ע׳ וכ׳ by the decree of the guardians (scholars) the word (is established) etc., i.e. they have so decided at college.—[עִיר awake, see עוּר Chaldaic (Aramaic)] ↗ original

עִיר 2 [watch-tower, fort,] town, city. Bava Kamma 80ᵇ הלוקח ע׳ בארץ וכ׳ he who buys a township in Palestine, is bound by law to buy also the accesses to it on four sides. Sanhedrin 17ᵇ כל ע׳ שאין בה עשרה וכ׳ in a town in which there are not the following ten things (institutions), a scholar is not permitted to live. Sanhedrin 1, 6 וכמה יהא בע׳ וכ׳ and how large must the population of a town be, to be fit as a seat for a Sanhedrin? Yoma 20ᵇ הָעִ׳ (Munich manuscript רומי) the City of Rome; Pesachim 119ᵃ בָּעִ׳ (Munich manuscript ברומי) in Rome; and very frequently—plural עָרִים, עֲיָירוֹת. Tosefta Makkoth 3 (2), 1; Makkoth 9ᵇ שלש ע׳ הבדיל וכ׳ Moses set apart three towns (of refuge). the same place (ibid.) 2, 4, and frequently עָרֵי מקלט, see מִקְלָט. Megillah 1, 1, and the following; and frequently ↗ original

עֵירָאִין , Kelim 21, 2 edition Dehr., see עֵרָיִין ↗ original

עִירְבָא , see sub ערב׳. ↗ original

עֵירַבְרְבִין (reduplic. of עֲרַב I) mixed multitudes. Targum Onkelos Numbers 11, 4 עירברב׳ edition Berlin edition (other edition עֲרַ׳, עָרַ׳). Targum Song of Songs 1, 12 עירברו׳ edition Lagarde edition (other edition עִרַ׳). ↗ original

עִירָה (עָרָה 2) thread on the shuttle used for the woof, bobbin. Kelim 21, 1 ע׳ שאינו עתיד וכ׳ a bobbin which the weaver does not intend to shoot back again. Tosefta Kelim Bava Bathra 1, 4 אִירָה.—plural עִירִין. Bava Kamma 119ᵇ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אִירִין, see Rashi ad loc. (on the passage)).—5. אִירָא. ↗ original

עירו , see עירי ↗ original

עֵירוּב (עָרַב 1) interweaving, mixture, conjunction. Kinn. 1, 4 שתי נשים שלקחו … בע׳ two women that bought their birds for sacrifices in common (not designating which of them belonged to the one and which to the other). Mikvaoth 6, 7 ע׳ מקואות in the case of two bathing reservoirs joined (a connection having formed between them); Chagigah 21ᵇ; Yevamoth 15ᵃ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 3, beginning 29ᵈ על עֵירוּבוֹ for eating leavened matter in a mixture, opposite חמץ ברור; Babylonian Pesachim 43ᵃ; and elsewhere—plural עֶירוּבִין, עֵר׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Orlah 2, 61ᵈ bottom of the page Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 2, 65ᵃ top אין הביכורין … עֵירוּבֵיהֶן וכ׳ first-fruits have no prohibitive effect on mixtures or on what has grown of them as to eating them in Jerusalem. the same place (ibid.) עֵירוּבֵי בכורים mixtures of first-fruits with common ones; ע׳ מעשר mixtures of tithes with secular fruit.—עירוב פרשיות an interweaving of biblical sections, clauses of one section taken over, for interpretative purposes, to a succeeding section; misplacement. Bava Kamma 107ᵃ (referring to the clause אשר יאמר … שניהם, Exodus 22, 8) ע׳ פ׳ כתוב כאן וכ׳ here is a misplacement, and the words Ki hu zeh (which intimate that an oath can be administered only when the defendant admits a part of the claim) refer to the subject of loans (Exodus the passage cited 24 and the following). Sanhedrin 2ᵇ אי קסבר ע׳ פ׳ … ליבעי נמי מומחין if he adopts the opinion that here is a misplaced clause (and ki hu zeh refers to loans), let him also require authorized, learned judges (אלהים)! ‘Erub, a symbolical act by which the legal fiction of community or continuity is established, e.g. a) with referring to Sabbath limits (תחומין): a person deposits, before the Sabbath (or the Holy Day), certain eatables to remain in their place over the next day, by which act he transfers his abode to that place, and his movements on the Sabbath are measured from it as the centre; b) with referring to buildings with a common court (חצירות): the inmates contribute their share towards a dish which is deposited in one of the dwellings, by which act all the dwellings are considered as common to all (one רָשׁוּת), and the carrying of objects on the Sabbath from one to the other and across the court is permitted; c) with referring to preparing meals (תבשילין) for the Sabbath on a Holy Day occurring on a Friday: a person prepares a dish on Thursday and lets it lie over until the end of the Sabbath, by which fiction all the cooking for the Sabbath which he does on the Holy Day (Friday) is merely a continuation of the preparation begun on Thursday. Eruvin 3, 2 השולח עֵרוּבוֹ … ביד מי שאינו מודה בע׳ if a person sends his ‘Erub (the eatables to be deposited) through a deaf mute or through one who does not believe in the Eruvin (e.g. a Samaritan), אינו ע׳ it is not a legal ‘Eruvin the same place (ibid.) 3 אין ערובו ע׳ his Eruvin is not legal. the same place (ibid.) 5 מתנה אדם על ערובו … עֵרוּבִי וכ׳ a person may make his Sabbath centre conditional (by laying two ‘Erubs on two opposite points) and say, if gentile troops should invade from the east, my Sabbath centre shall be on the western side etc. the same place (ibid.) 6, 10 נתנו עֵרוּבָן במקום וכ׳ if the inmates of a court placed their ‘Erub (common dish) at a certain place, but one, of the inner or of the outer court, had forgotten to contribute his share. the same place (ibid.) 7, 9 בתחלת ע׳ when the common dish is in its original state; בשירי ע׳ when there are merely remnants left over. Betzah 15ᵇ מי שהיה לו להניח ערובו וכ׳ he who had the means to prepare and leave a dish on Thursday and does not do it; and frequently—plural as ab. Eruvin 21ᵇ בשעה שהתקין שלמה ע׳ when Solomon introduced the ‘Eruvin the same place (ibid.) 7, 11 עֵרוּבֵי תחומין ‘Erubs for the purpose of regulating Sabbath limits; ע׳ חצירות for the purpose of regulating the Sabbath movements of inmates of common courts. Yoma 28ᵇ קיים … אפי׳ עירובי תבשילין Abraham observed even the regulations concerning preparations for the Sabbath on a Holy Day preceding it. Betzah the passage cited מי שלא היה לו להניח ע׳ תבשילין he who had not the means to prepare a dish on Thursday etc. (see above). Bereshith Rabbah section 49 אפי׳ הילכות עירובי חצירות וכ׳ Abraham knew even the laws regulating Sabbath movements among inmates of a court by means of ‘Erub; and frequently—‘Erubin, name of a treatise, of the Order of Moʿed, of the Mishnah, Tosefta, Talmud Babli and Y’rushalmi. ↗ original

עֵירוּבָא mixture of seeds, or copulation of heterogeneous animals (כִּלְאַיִם). Shabbath 139ᵃ כשותא בכרמא ע׳ Munich manuscript (edition עירבובא), see כָּשׁוּתָא.—plural עֵירוּבִין, עֵר׳. Targum Deuteronomy 22, 9. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 19, 19 (Yerushalmi (prefix) עירבובין). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) the same place (ibid.) 16, 3; 5 דלא ע׳ that are no hybrids; and elsewhere—[Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 29, 2 ע׳ דלחים, read: עֲרוּכִין, see עֲרִיךְ.] (see the preceding) ‘Eruvin Berachoth 39ᵇ ריפתא דע׳ bread which had been used as an ‘Erub among the dwellers of a court. ‘Eruvin 60ᵇ לא מטי לעֵירוּבֵיה may not go to the place where he laid his ‘Erub; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֵירוּבָא ² , plural construct state עֵירוּבֵי, עֵר׳ (עֲרַב 2) darkening. Targum Psalms 104, 23 ע׳ שמשא manuscript (edition רמשא). ↗ original

עֵירוּי (עָרָה 2) pouring from vessel to vessel, emptying. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 1, end, 49ᵇ ע׳ ככלי ראשון הוא a boiling liquid poured from a vessel is considered like a boiling liquid in the original vessel; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, 6 top of the page Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 5, 45ᵃ כל הע׳ מחמת הגוי the emptying of the wine is done entirely by the effort of the gentile; and elsewhere ↗ original

עִירוֹנִי (denominative of עִור 2) inhabitant of a country town, provincial. Bereshith Rabbah section 50, end אחד ע׳ ואחד בן המדינה one from a country town and another from a capital. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 7, end, 40ᶜ נראין … בע׳ R. Meïr’s opinion seems acceptable in the case of a provincial (who uses בַּיִת in the sense of the lower rooms, contradistinguished to עליה). Vayikra Rabbah section 4 משל לע׳ שהיה נשוי וכ׳ like a provincial (commoner) that married a princess; Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 963 לעירני; and elsewhere—plural עִירוֹנִין, עִירָ׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 5, 22ᵈ bottom of the page הע׳ הללו those provincials (who do not know the exact date).—Fem. עִירוֹנִית. Echah Rabbah to 4, 2 ירושלמי שנשא ע׳ when a Jerusalemite married a provincial woman.—plural עִירוֹנִיּוֹת, עִירָ׳. Shabbath 80ᵃ בע׳ in the case of provincial women (who may paint both eyes without being indecent).—[Betzah 32ᵃ, see עִירָנִית I.] ↗ original

עֵירוּעַ (עֲרַע 1) accident. Targum I Samuel 6, 9. the same place (ibid.) 20, 26 (Hebrew text מקרה). ↗ original

עֵירוּקָא (עֲרַק) flight. Yevamoth 37ᵃ עֵירוּקֵיה מסתייה his flight is enough for him (proving that he will not marry his betrothed before the due time after her first husband’s death). ↗ original

עֵירוּר (עוּר Polel) exciting to lamentation, memorial service. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 1, 80ᵈ top (referring to לא יעורר, the same place (ibid.) 1, 5) איזהו הע׳ וכ׳ what is called erur? She (the wailer) mentions him among the other dead (whom she was invited to lament). ↗ original

עירי , Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 8, 9ᵈ top, see מושהן ↗ original

עִירְיָא , see עִירִיתָא ↗ original

עיריסיות , see עֲרִיסוּת ↗ original

עִירִית (compare אִירָא, a. עִירָנִית) a plant with woolly leaves, mullein (Lat. verbascum, see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858, a. Lydd. et Scott Gr. Dictionary under the word φλόμος). Tosefta Shevi'ith 5, 17 (variant reading עִידִּית, compare אִידָּא, a. אִידָּן). ↗ original

עִירִיתָא = Hebrew עֶרְוָה, עֶרְיָה, nakedness, shame. Targum Exodus 28, 42. Targum Onkelos Genesis 9, 22, and the following עִירִי׳ edition Berlin edition (other edition a. Yerushalmi (prefix) עֶרְיְ׳). Targum Onkelos Leviticus 18, 7 עִירְיַת edition Berlin edition (other edition a. Yerushalmi (prefix) עֶרְ׳); and very frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 4, 75ᶜ (explained המכנה בעריות, Mishnah Megillah 4, 9) בעריי׳ דאבוי ובע׳ דאימיה he who modifies the text speaking of the nakedness of one’s father or mother (Leviticus 18, 7, by translating ‘weakness’ or ‘disgrace’; see Babylonian Megillah 25ᵃ), see כָּנָה. ↗ original

עִירָנִי , see עִירוֹנִי ↗ original

עירניה , see next word ↗ original

עִירָנִית 1 (see אִירָא) = אִירוֹנִית, vessel of white clay. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 9, 16ᵈ bottom of the page אפי׳ ע׳ (edition Krot. עירוניה, correct accordingly) even if the adult heirs added a clay vessel to the estate, the minors have a share in it.—plural עִירָנִיּוֹת. Betzah 32ᵃ Munich manuscript (edition ערניות), see אִירוֹנִית. (in enigmatic speech) light-complexioned, handsome. Eruvin 53ᵇ (play on words) נערה אהרונית אחרונית ע׳ והנעירתו, see אַהֲרוֹנִית, a. נָעַר 2; [Rashi, frequently עוּר: wide awake, bright]. ↗ original

עִירָנִית 2 , plural עִירָנִיּוֹת, see עִירוֹנִי. ↗ original

עִירָנִיתָא (see עִירִית) leaves of mullein used for lamp wicks (φλόμος λυχννῖτις, see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Ellychnium). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 2, beginning 4ᶜ (explained אִידָּן); see עַמְרָנִיתָא. ↗ original

עִירְרָה (עוּר) [waker,] a sort of clepsydra used in sick rooms. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 10, end, 26ᵈ (explained עֲדָק). 5. קוֹקְנִיתָה. ↗ original

עַיִשׁ (= Biblical Hebrew) Ursa Major (?). Targum Job 38, 32 manuscript variant reading for זַגְתָּא, which see ↗ original

עִישּׁוּן (עָשֵׁן) raising smoke, burning spices. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 39ᶜ bottom of the page מיתה שיש בה ע׳ ושריפה heathen obsequies with which spice-burning and cremation (of clothes etc.) are connected. ↗ original

עִישּׁוּנָא (עֲשַׁן) = עָשְׁנָא, strength. Targum Psalms 29, 1 edition Lagarde edition, see עָשְׁנָא. fort, stronghold. Targum Proverbs 24, 5 (edition Lagarde edition a. Vilna edition עֲשִׁינָא). Targum Psalms 61, 4 קוסטל דע׳ edition Vilna edition (edition Lagarde edition בקושטא ע׳; manuscript קושקא עַשִּׁינָא); and elsewhere (compare חוּסְנָא) store-house.—plural עִישּׁוּנֵי, עִשּׁ׳. Targum Proverbs 8, 24 ע׳ דמיא store-houses of water (Hebrew text נכבדי). ↗ original

עִישּׂוּר (עֶשֶׂר) one tenth; (= מַעֲשֵׂר) tithe, giving tithes. Kethuboth 68ᵃ ראשונה נוטלת ע׳ נכסים וכ׳ the first daughter gets one-tenth of the estate, the second one-tenth of what is left etc. Bikkurim 2, 6 בשעת לקיטתו עִשּׂוּרוֹ the giving of tithes is regulated by the time it (the Ethrog) is plucked, explained Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 65ᵃ bottom of the page בשעת לקיטתו עישורו למעשרות ולשביעית this regulation refers to tithes as well as to the Sabbatical year (the time of plucking decides to which year the fruit belongs). Maʿǎser Sheni 5, 9; and frequently—Transferred dedication, sanctification. Devarim Rabbah section 3 (referring to Deuteronomy 7, 13) מה פרי אדמתך צריכים ע׳ … צריכים ע׳ וכ׳ as the fruit of thy soil requires sanctification by tithes, so the fruit of thy womb requires sanctification, which is circumcision.—plural עִישּׂוּרִים, עִישּׂוּרִין, עִשּׂ׳. Rosh Hashanah 14ᵃ נהג בו שני ע׳ he subjected it to two tithes (that of the second and that of the third year). Tosefta Demai 8, 18 תשעים ושלשה חסר שני ע׳ ninety-three parts less two-tenths. the same place (ibid.) 15 שתי תאנים ושני ע׳ ועִישּׂוּרוֹ של עישור two figs (as Trumah), and two tithes (first and second), and tithe of the tithes (= מעשר מן המעשר); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, end, 22ᵇ ועישורין של עישור (correct accordingly). ↗ original

עִישּׂוּרָא Kethuboth 50ᵃ והא לא דמי ע׳ בתרא על׳ קמא but the second tithe (one-tenth of nine-tenths left) is not equal to the first tithe (both together do not amount to one fifth)! ↗ original

עִישּׂוֹרְיָיתָא , see עִיסּוּרְיָתָא ↗ original

עִישַׂרְתֵּי , see עֲשַׂרְתֵּי ↗ original

עִישְׁתּוֹנָא , see עֶשְׁתּוֹנָא ↗ original

עִיתּ־ , see עֵת ↗ original

*עִיתָּא = Hebrew עֵת, time. Bereshith Rabbah section 47, end בההיא ע׳ on that occasion; (Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 82 עונת, read: עוֹנְתָא).—5. עַנְתָא. ↗ original

עַיְתָא , see קוֹבְעַיָּא ↗ original

עיתור , Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 39ᵈ, read: עִיטּוּר. ↗ original

עִיתּוֹת , see עֵת ↗ original

עָכַב (compare עָקַב) to be curved; hooked. Pi'el פִּעֵל עִיכֵּב to detain, prevent. Mechilta Beshallach section 1 ואל תְּעַכֵּב את גאולתנו and delay not our redemption. Berachoth 7ᵃ ומי מְעַכֵּב, see עִיסָה; and frequently—Esp. to invalidate an act by an omission; to be indispensable (see עִיכּוּב). Zevachim 5, 1 מתנה אחת מהן מְעַכֶּבֶת the omission of one of these manipulations (see מַתָּנָה) makes the whole act illegal. the same place (ibid.) אם לא נתן לא ע׳ if he did not pour the blood into the y’sod (יְסוֹד), it does not invalidate the active the same place (ibid.) 48ᵃ לעַכֵּב מנין whence do we prove that it is indispensable? (opposite למצוה). Menachoth 4, 1 התכלת אינה מעכבת את הלבן the absence of the blue thread in the show fringes does not hinder the white thread, i.e. in the absence of the one, the other may do for the ceremony. the same place (ibid.) הסולת והשמן אינם מְעַכְּבִין … ולא היין מְעַכְּבָן the flour and oil (of the Minḥah) are no hinderance to offering the wine, nor does the wine form a hinderance to them, i.e. the order in which they are offered is immaterial. the same place (ibid.) המתנות … אינן מְעַכְּבוֹת זו את זו the sprinklings upon the outer altar are no hinderance to one another, i.e. one of them is enough to make the ceremony legal. Berachoth 2ᵃ ביאת שמשו מְעַכַּבְתּוֹ מלאכול וכ׳ the sunset of his last day of levitical uncleanness is indispensable for allowing him to eat T’rumah, but the offering of his sacrifice is not; and very frequently—participle passive מְעוּכָּב; feminine מְעוּכֶּבֶת; plural מְעוּכָּבִים, מְעוּכָּבִין; מְעוּכָּבוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 2, beginning 17ᵈ ומכיון שהוא מע׳ מלשמוח וכ׳ since he is prevented from rejoicing with her (at the sacrifice), it is as if he prevented her from partaking of the sacrifice (by failing to provide for her offering of sanctification). the same place (ibid.) והוא מעכב מלשמוח (read מְעוּכָּב). Mechilta the passage cited כי בגללך אנו מע׳ for we are detained on thy account; and elsewhere to detain one’s self; to tarry; to wait for. Shemoth Rabbah section 3 סבור אתה שהיה משה מעכב וכ׳ do you think that Moses hesitated (was unwilling) to go? Bereshith Rabbah section 55 על מנת שנאמר לך … ולא תְעַכֵּב even if I tell thee to sacrifice thy son to me, thou wilt not hesitate. the same place (ibid.) ולא יְעַכֵּב he will not hesitate. the same place (ibid.) הלואי … ולא אֲעַכֵּב O! that the Lord would appear to me and tell me that I should cut off one of my limbs! I would not hesitate. Tanchuma Ekeb 6 השכינה מעכבת ישראל וענני כבוד מְעַכְּבִין לך the Divine Presence is waiting, Israel and the clouds of glory are waiting for thee; the same place (ibid.) Beshallach 2; and frequently Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעַכֵּב, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְעַכִּב to be prevented; to be delayed. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 6, 33ᵇ bottom of the page מִתְעַכֵּב מן המצות he is precluded from religious acts. Koheleth Rabbah to 2, 2 מה טיבו שבני מתעכב what is the cause of my son’s tarrying? Bamidbar Rabbah section 14 נ׳ לה הענן the cloud of glory tarried for her (Miriam’s) sake; Sotah 1, 9 נִתְעַכְּבוּ לה ישראל וכ׳ Israel tarried for her sake seven days; and frequently ↗ original

עֲכַב , Pa'el עַכֵּיב Chaldaic (Aramaic) same, to detain, prevent, delay; to hesitate; to withhold. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 22, 12 (edition Vienna edition עֲכִיבְ׳ Pe.). the same place (ibid.) 10 דנכס לא מְעַכֵּב he who is to slaughter tarries not. Targum I Kings 5, 7 (Hebrew text עדר). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 4, 25 ע׳ עלוי prevented him. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 19, 13 למְעַכְּבָא to retain; and frequently—Bava Bathra 12ᵇ עַכְּבֵיה גביה he detained it (the couple) with him. Zevachim 52ᵃ מְעַכְּבֵי are indispensable. Berachoth 2ᵃ כפרה לא מְעַכְּבָא the offering of the sacrifice is no hinderance (to being permitted to eat T’rumah); and elsewhere Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְעַכֵּב, אִיעַכֵּב to be detained; to tarry. Targum Onkelos Genesis 19, 16. Targum Onkelos Numbers 11, 23. Targum Isaiah 40, 26 (Hebrew text נעדר); and frequently—Bava Bathra 4ᵃ שדר … ולִיעַכֵּב שתא וכ׳ send a messenger (to Rome), and he will be going one year, and be detained one year etc. ↗ original

עַכָּבָה (the preceding) hinderance, prevention, delay. Yevamoth 13, 3 כל ע׳ שהיא מן האיש any delay (in remarrying) of which the husband is the cause (see the same place (ibid.) 108ᵃ). Megillah 21ᵃ אין ישיבה אלא לשון ע׳ yashab has the meaning of tarrying.—עַכָּבַת יין retention of wine, drops of wine remaining on the rim. Avodah Zarah 5, 7 (72ᵃ) עכ׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), a. Yerushalmi (prefix) edition עֲקֵבַת; Mishn. Nap. עֲקֵיבַת sediment; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 10); the same place (ibid.) 71ᵇ; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, 45ᵃ top מהו עקבת יין וכ׳, see לַכְלֵךְ. ↗ original

עכבונית , see עִצְּבוֹנִית ↗ original

עַכְבּוּרָא , see עַכְבְּרֵי ↗ original

עַכָּבִית , plural (עָכַב) עַכָּבִיּוֹת a species of edible thistles, cardoon (see Löw, Low, Aramaische Pflanzennamen, Leipzig 1881 p. 292). Bereshith Rabbah section 20 (referring to Genesis 3, 18) קוץ אלו ע׳ ḳots is cardoon; (other opinion) דרדר זו ע׳ dardar is cardoon; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 32 עַכּוֹבִית. Betzah 34ᵃ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 19. ʿUktsin 3, 2. ↗ original

עַכָּבִיתָא , see עַכּוֹבִיתָא ↗ original

עַכְבָּר (Biblical Hebrew) mouse. Chullin 9, 6 ע׳ שחציו בשר וכ׳ a mouse which is half flesh and half earth (it being believed that there is a species of mice developing from earth, see Maimonides ad loc. (on the passage)). the same place (ibid.) 126ᵇ ע׳ שבים sea-mouse (name of a fish). Horayoth 13ᵃ האוכל ממה שע׳ אוכל וכ׳ he who eats what a mouse has been gnawing at, will lose his memory; and frequently—plural עַכְבָּרִים, עַכְבָּרִין. the same place (ibid.) Shabbath 151ᵇ. Pesachim 10ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original

עַכְבָּר ² Targum Leviticus 11, 29; and elsewhere—Avodah Zarah 68ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 10, 47ᵇ הורי … בע׳ חד לאלף R. J. decided in the case of a mouse that a proportion of one to one thousand was required to neutralize it in an intermixture. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, 3ᵇ bottom of the page ע׳ דטורא the mountain mouse. Babylonian Shabbath 121ᵇ ההוא עכבר; Betzah 36ᵇ ההוא עכברא Munich manuscript (edition ההוא עכברתא, correct accordingly; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 50). Pesachim 10ᵇ; and elsewhere—Sanhedrin 29ᵇ ע׳ דשכיב אדינרי a mouse lying on denars, a miser.—plural עַכְכָּרַיָּיא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 3, end, 9ᵇ ↗ original

עַכְבְּרֵי ʿAkhbré, ʿAkhb’raya, ʿAkhb’rin in Upper Galilee (see Neubauer Geographie du Talmud, Paris 1868 p. 226). Bava Metzia 84ᵇ בני עכבריא (Munich manuscript עכבורא; Manuscript Hamburg עכבורי). Koheleth Rabbah to 2, 8 מן עכברין (pheasants) from ʿA. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 8, 25ᵃ bottom of the page עכברי. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 9, end, 48ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 2, 4ᵈ top ר׳ חנניא בר ע׳. ↗ original

עכברתא , see עַכְבְּרָא ↗ original

עכה , Mechilta Yithro, Baḥod., section 4 ומעכה; read: ומַכְהֶה, see כָּהָה a. עָמָה. ↗ original

עַכּוֹ (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a place Acco, Accho (Ptolemais), a town and harbor on the Phœnician shores. Shemoth Rabbah section 9 כלום מביאין … דגים לע׳ do people carry … fish to Acco? Bereshith Rabbah section 5 דג העולה מע׳ fish from A. Tosefta Shevi'ith 5, 2; and frequently—כְּפַר ע׳ K’far Acco, see אִכּוּם. Tosefta Kilayim 1, 12; Mechilta Yithro, Amal., section 2 יהודה איש כ׳ ע׳. the same place (ibid.), Baḥod., section 7 ר׳ שמעון בן יהודה איש כ׳ ע׳; Bereshith Rabbah section 11; Tosefta Bava Bathra 7, 10 edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (other edition איכום); Pesikta Rabbati section 23 כ׳ ענים (correct accordingly); and frequently ↗ original

עִכּוּב , see sub עִיכּ׳. ↗ original

עַכּוֹבִית , see עַכָּבִית ↗ original

עַכּוֹבִיתָא 1 = Hebrew עַכָּבִית. Targum Jeremiah 17, 6 (Hebrew text ערער).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᶜ bottom of the page טב לעַכָּבִיתָא good for a thistle sting [or a spider’s bite, see next word]; (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 67ᵃ לזִירְפָּא). ↗ original

עַכּוֹבִיתָא 2 (= Biblical Hebrew עַכָּבִישׁ a. עַכְשׁוּב) spider. Targum Isaiah 59, 5, and the following Targum Psalms 57, 3 (edition Lagarde edition עַכָּבִיתָא). the same place (ibid.) 140, 4 (Hebrew text עכשוב).—5. עַכְשׁוּב. ↗ original

עָכוּז , see אָכוּז ↗ original

עִכּוֹל , see עִיכּוֹל ↗ original

עכ"ום ʿakkum, abbreviated or abbreviation for עבודת כוכבים ומזלות idolatry; for עובד כוכבים ומזלות, or עוֹבֶדֶת, or עוֹבְדֵי idolater, idolatress, idolaters (interchanging in editions respectively with ע"ז, ע"עז, גוי, נכרי etc.) Zevachim 40ᵇ שעירי ע׳ goats offered to atone for idolatry. Sanhedrin 59ᵃ אפי׳ ע׳ עוסק בתורה וכ׳ even an idolater (gentile) studying the Law is the equal of the high priest; (Avodah Zarah 3ᵃ נכרי); Bava Kamma 38ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original

עַכָּיָיה (denominative of עַכּוֹ) of Acco. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 14, 14ᵈ top חזקיה ע׳; (Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 40ᵈ חזקיה only). ↗ original

עָכִין , see עֶכֶן, עַכְנָא. ↗ original

עֲכִירָה (עָכַר) stirring up. Niddah 20ᵃ ע׳ במאי wherewith shall the stirring be done (with the hand or with a tool)?—[Shemoth Rabbah section 22 תפלתו בע׳ some edition, read: בעֲבֵירָה.] ↗ original

*עֲכִירִים (the preceding) [stirrers,] implement connected with the wine or oil press for stirring up the pulp, loadstones (?), screws (?). Bava Bathra 4, 5 (67ᵇ) העכ׳ (Babylonian edition העבירין; Yerushalmi (prefix) edition הכִּירִים; Munich manuscript העמודין; Oxford manuscript העבירים a. העמודים, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 6, and the following); explained the same place (ibid.) 67ᵇ כִּבְשֵׁי. Tosefta Kelim Bava Bathra 7, 12, quoted by Hai G. to Kelim 12, 8 (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) העתידין, other edition עמידים) ע׳ … של זכוכית (?). ↗ original

עָכַל , Pi'el עִיכֵּל (see אָכַל) to consume.—participle passive מְעוּכָּל; feminine מְעוּכֶּלֶת; plural מְעוּכָּלִים; מְעוּכָּלוֹת. Tamid 1, 4, see אָכַל. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעַכֵּל, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְעַכֵּל to be consumed. Berachoth 8, 7, see אָכַל. Sanhedrin 6, 6, see אָכַל. Bamidbar Rabbah section 14 (referring to ʿĂkhinaiPsalms 108, 10) מה הבשר מִתְעַכֵּל בסיר כך נִתְעַכְּלוּ שם as flesh is consumed (boiled to a pulp) in the pot, so they (David’s family) were consumed there (in Moab; see Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 147; Tanchuma, edition Buber edition, Vayera 25). ↗ original

עֲכַל Pa'el עַכֵּל same. Targum Job 20, 18 manuscript Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִיעַכֵּל to be consumed, burnt. Shevuoth 17ᵇ אי דלא הפיך ביה לא מִיעַכֵּל (see Munich manuscript in D. S. ad loc. (on the passage) note) if without turning it, the sacrifice had not been consumed. the same place (ibid.) אי לא הפיך בהו מִיעַכְּלֵי … מיעכל בהד שעתא if he had not turned them (the pieces), they would have been consumed in two hours, and now all of it was consumed in one hour. ↗ original

עַכְמַאי proper noun of a male person ʿAkhmai. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 11, end, 48ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 2, 4ᵈ top, see יוֹנָתָן. בֶּן עַ׳ proper noun of a place (?). Yevamoth 15ᵇ משפחת בית צבועים מבן ע׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3ᵃ bottom of the page משפחת בית ענוביי מבית צבועים. ↗ original

עָכַן (compare עכב) to be curved, curled. Pi'el פִּעֵל עִיכֵּן (compare עִילָה, סִיבָּה end) to bring about, to cause. Sanhedrin 44ᵇ (play on עָכָן, Joshua 7, 24) זמרי … שעי׳ עוונותיהם וכ׳ his name was Zimri (I Chronicles 2, 6), but he was named ʿAkhan (Circle), because he caused the punishment of Israel’s sins. ↗ original

עָכָן (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Akhan, who secreted a portion of the spoils of Jericho. Sanhedrin 44ᵇ, see the preceding Bamidbar Rabbah section 23. Vayikra Rabbah section 9; and frequently ↗ original

עֶכֶן (עָכַן; compare חֲכִינָא) annulated snake. [Echah Rabbah to 1, 3 אמר עכן בית, read, as Bamidbar Rabbah section 12 אמרו אעפ"כ מת.]—Vayikra Rabbah section 16 (play on תעכסנה, Isaiah 3, 16, see עֶכֶס) והיה אותו הריח … כארס של ע׳ and the scent (of the balsam) permeated them like the venom of a snake; Shabbath 62ᵇ כארס של ע׳ Oxford manuscript (edition כארס בכעוס, see כָּעוּס); Yalkut Shimoni Lamentations 1031 ונצרר עכנה בהם (a misplaced corruption of כארס של ע׳).—plural עֲכָנִים, עֲכָנִין. Sifré Deuteronomy 321 (referring to זחלי עפר, Deuteronomy 32, 24) אלו ע׳ וכ׳ (not עשנים, variant reading הכינים, read: חֲכִינִים) that means the snakes whose rulership is in the dust; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 945 עֲכִינִין. ↗ original

עַכְנָא common gender Chaldaic (Aramaic) (also in H. dict.) same. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 26, 28 (edition pr. עכי׳).—Bava Metzia 84ᵇ אשכחוה לע׳ דהדירא לה למערתא they found a snake encircling the cave; ע׳ ע׳ פתחי פיך וכ׳ snake, snake, open thy mouth (drop the tail out of thy mouth), and let the son enter etc.; the same place (ibid.) 85ᵃ פתחי דלת Munich manuscript (edition פיך); Bava Kamma 117ᵇ ע׳ ע׳ פתח דלת Munich manuscript (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note; edition פתח פומיך). Devarim Rabbah section 6 עכי׳ masculine, עכנא feminine (contradistinguished to דרקון). Berachoth 19ᵃ; Bava Metzia 59ᵇ, see next word—plural עֲכִינִין, עַכְנִין, see the preceding ↗ original

עַכְנַאי ʿAkhnai (ʿkhinai). Kelim 5, 10 תנורו של ע׳ the oven of ʿA. (consisting of tiles cemented with sand); Berachoth 19ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) מהו ע׳ … שהקיפוהו הלכות כעכנא זה (not כעכנאי) why is it called the oven of A.?… It intimates that they encircled it with discussions as the snake (winds itself around an object; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 7); Bava Metzia 59ᵇ כעכנא זו. ↗ original

עַכְנָה , see עֶכֶן ↗ original

עֶכֶס (compare עכן; Biblical Hebrew chain, clasp) adder, viper (believed to kill a flying bird by looking at its shadow). Mechilta Beshallach, Vayassʿa, section 1 (explained אפעה, Isaiah 30, 6); Tanchuma Beshallach 18; Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 266. ↗ original

עַכְסָה (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a female person Achsa, daughter of Caleb. Temurah 16ᵃ, see כָּעַס. ↗ original

עָכַר (Biblical Hebrew) to stir up, disturb; to trouble, make turbid; to sadden. Sotah 5ᵃ כל אדם … עוֹכַרְתּוֹ if a man has swelling of wind (haughtiness) in him, the slightest breeze will trouble him (the slightest adversity will upset him); מה ים … עוכרתו וכ׳ if the sea … is stirred up by the slightest breeze etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 1, 25ᵇ bottom of the page לעוֹכֵר את העין וכ׳ (not לעובר) like one troubling the eye, which becomes clear again. Berachoth 25ᵇ עוֹכְרָן ברגלו he must stir them up with his foot. Bereshith Rabbah section 80, end (referring to עכרתם, Genesis 34, 30) צלולה היתה החבית ועֲכַרְתֶּם אותה the wine in the cask was clear, and you have troubled it; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 135 ועֲכַרְתּוּהָ. Niddah 20ᵃ צללו חוזר ועוכרן if the mixture became clear (the earth settled), he must stir it again; and frequently—participle passive עָכוּר; feminine עֲכוּרָה; plural עֲכוּרִים, עֲכוּרִין; עֲכוּרוֹת. the same place (ibid.) אין … צלולין אלא ע׳ you must not examine the mixture when it is clear, but when it is turbid; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 11. Bereshith Rabbah the passage cited ע׳ היתה … וצללנו אותה the wine was turbid, and we cleared it (we redeemed our honor). Sanhedrin 44ᵇ; Vayikra Rabbah section 9 (referring to Joshua 7, 25) היום הזה אתה ע׳ ואי אתה ע׳ וכ׳ thou art troubled (punished) this day, but thou shalt not be troubled in the hereafter. Sifré Deuteronomy 48 שתה ממים של בוראך … מים ע׳ וכ׳ drink of the water of thy Creator’s well, and drink not muddy water, nor be attracted by the words of the heretics; Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 937; and frequently—Shemoth Rabbah section 22 (referring to Job 16, 17) וכי יש תפלה ע׳ is there also a turbid prayer? the same place (ibid.) מנין … שתפלתו ע׳ where is it intimated that the prayer of him in whose hand is robbery, is turbid (rejected)? Nif'al נִפְעַל נֶעְכָּר to be stirred up; to become turbid, dreggy, foul. Niddah 9ᵃ דם נ׳ ונעשה חלב the blood (of a pregnant animal) is disturbed (decomposed), and turns into milk. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 4, 19ᶜ bottom of the page אין החלב נ׳ וכ׳ the milk (of a nursing woman) becomes turbid only after three months (after conception). Yerushalmi (prefix) Niddah 2, end, 50ᵇ יצללו ולא יֵעָכְרוּ the water mixed with earth must settle and not be stirred up again; and frequently—Menachoth 9, 5 (90ᵃ) הלח נ׳ היבש אינו נ׳ (Babylonian edition נעקר; Munich manuscript נעבר, correct accordingly; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) liquid emptied from a large measure into a smaller one is stirred up (and what remains in the large measure partakes of the sacred character of the liquid in the smaller, sacred vessels), whereas dry objects are not stirred up. ↗ original

עֲכַר Targum Genesis 34, 30; and frequently—Niddah 20ᵃ דלא לרמיה … ולִיעַכְרִינְהוּ אבל במנא כי ע׳ וכ׳ that he must not throw the earth in with his hands to make the water turbid, but when the earth is in the vessel, and he stirs with his hands, it is right. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, end, 50ᵇ ר׳ … ע׳ R. Ḥ. stirred the mixture up (in order to examine the color); and elsewhere—participle passive עָכִיר; feminine עֲכִירָא; plural עֲכִירֵי; עֲכִירָן. Chullin 55ᵇ. Menachoth 53ᵃ דהוה ע׳ דעתיה (Munich manuscript בדחא) that his mind was troubled; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 166; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 667 (not עבידא; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim to Menachoth the passage cited note 50). Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִיתְעֲכַר to be disturbed, spoiled. Targum Proverbs 15, 6. ↗ original

עַכְשְׁבוֹנִיתָא (see עַכְשׁוּב) name of a disease, probably wound from a spider’s bite. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 40ᵈ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 14, 14ᵈ עַכְשְׁמוֹנִיתָה. ↗ original

עַכְשָׁו , see עַכְשָׁיו ↗ original

עַכְשׁוּב (Biblical Hebrew) a species of spider. Tosefta Parah 9 (8), 6. ↗ original

עַכְשָׁיו (perh. a contraction of עַתָּה כְמוֹ שֶׁהוּ) presently, now. Avoth 1, 14 אם לא ע׳ אימתי if not now (I provide for my soul), when? Gittin 7, 3 זה גטך … מע׳ אם מתי this is thy letter of divorce … to take effect from now in the event of my dying from this disease. Avodah Zarah 37ᵃ, and frequently כאילו אמר מע׳ דמי, see מְנָת. Bereshith Rabbah section 12 ע׳ העליונים וכ׳ now (in that case) the upper creatures would outnumber etc.; and very frequently ↗ original

עַכְשְׁמוֹנִיתָה , see עַכְשְׁבוֹנִיתָא ↗ original

עֹל , see עוֹל ↗ original

עַל height; (prepos.) upon, above; about etc.—With suff. (plural) עָלַי, עָלֶיךָ etc. Avoth 1, 2 על שלשה וכ׳ the world stands on three things. Shabbath 2, 6 על שלש וכ׳ for three sins etc. Sanhedrin 20ᵃ, and frequently אמרו עָלָיו על וכ׳ they relate about etc. Niddah 23ᵇ מי שלבו דוה עליו whose heart within him etc., see דָּוָה; and very frequently—על יד, על ידי, see יָד; על מנת, see מְנָת, etc.—Avodah Zarah 30ᵃ, and elsewhere עָלי ועל צוארי, see צַוָּאר. ↗ original

עַל ² Targum Genesis 1, 2; and very frequently—With suffix (plural) עֲלַי, עֲלָךְ, עֲלוֹהִי etc. the same place (ibid.) 27, 12; and very frequently—Avoth 2, 6 על דאטפת, see טוּף.—ייתי עֲלַי, see אֲתָא; and very frequently ↗ original

עָל verb, see עוּל, עֲלַל. ↗ original

*עָל (compare עִילָא 2) plan. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Vattom., p. 133ᵃ (referring to Isaiah 5, 19) [read:] ונדע על דמאן היא קיימא על דידן וכ׳ and let us know, whose plan will stand (be executed), our plan or his plan. the same place (ibid.) הא קמת על דידהון על דידי לא קמת (not היא) now their plan stands, shall mine not stand?; Yalkut Shimoni Lamentations 1033; 1034. ↗ original

עֵל , see עֵיל ↗ original

עֲלָא = Hebrew עָלֶה, leaf.—plural עֲלַיָּא, עֲלַיָּה, עֲלָיֵי. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 5, 35ᵈ bottom of the page [read:] שיתין יומין שיתא ע׳ שיתא יומין שיתין ע׳ the first sixty days bring forth six leaves, the next six days, sixty leaves. Chullin 92ᵃ, see אִיתְכָּלָא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 6, 50ᵃ bottom of the page, see תְּרַפְיוֹן. ↗ original

עִלָאָה , see עִילָאָה ↗ original

עִלָּאָה rib, see עֲלַע. ↗ original

עָלַב to press upon; to arrogate superiority; to humiliate, insult. Gittin 36ᵇ; Yoma 23ᵃ הנֶעֱלָבִין ואינן עוֹלְבִין וכ׳ those who are insulted, and do not insult, hear themselves reviled etc., see חֶרְפָּה; Shabbath 88ᵇ עֲלוּבִין וכ׳ (Munich manuscript הנעלבין).—5. עָלוּב. Nif'al נִפְעַל נֶעֱלָב to be insulted, submit to humiliation, see above. ↗ original

עֶלְבּוֹן (the preceding) arrogance, humiliation, insult. Bereshith Rabbah section 45, end (referring to Genesis 16, 13) אתה הוא הרואה בע׳ של עלובים thou seest the humiliation of the humbled. Bereshith Rabbah section 60 (referring to Genesis 24, 62) הלך להביא … ראה בעֶלְבּוֹנִי he went to bring back Hagar, her who sat by the well and said to the Ever-living, behold my humiliation. Avodah Zarah 18ᵃ מי שמבקש עֶלְבּוֹנָהּ של תורה וכ׳ (not של ס"ת) he who will resent the insult offered to the Law, shall also resent the insult offered to me. Shemoth Rabbah section 41; Avoth Chaldaic (Aramaic) 6 אוי להם לבריות מעלבונה של תורה woe to men for the disregard of the Law; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֲלִבְתָּא , see עֲלִיבָא ↗ original

עלג , Bamidbar Rabbah section 16 העליגו some edition, read: הלעיגו, see לָעַג ↗ original

עָלֶה [cover,] foliage, leaf. Bereshith Rabbah section 19 (play on עֲלֵי תאנה, Genesis 3, 7) ע׳ שהביאו תואנה וכ׳ the leaves which brought grief into the world; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 27 ע׳ שהביא וכ׳. Shevi'ith 7, 1 עֲלֵה הלוף השוטה, see לוֹף; and frequently—plural עָלִים, עָלִין; construct state עֲלֵי. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, 35ᵈ bottom of the page מהוצאת ע׳ ועד וכ׳ from the sprouting of leaves to the coming forth of buds of fruits there is an interval of fifty days. the same place (ibid.) עלי בצלים leaves of onions. Chullin 92ᵃ ע׳ שבה וכ׳ the leaves thereon (on the vine Israel) are the untutored, see אֶשְׁכּוֹל; and frequently ↗ original

עִלָּה , see עִילָה ↗ original

עָלָה , see עלי ↗ original

עַלְוָאִין , see אַלְוִוין ↗ original

עָלוּב (עָלַב) insulted, humbled, submissive, lowly; ill-fated, poor. Megillah 29ᵃ ע׳ ואינו ע׳ מי נדחה מפני מי if one is submissive, and the other is not, which will yield?; Taanith 16ᵃ (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 50); Yalkut Shimoni Jonah 551. Pesikta Rabbati section 40 הא ע׳ בן של ע׳ O, thou hapless one, son of a hapless mother!; Tanchuma Vayera 22; edition Buber edition 46; (Bereshith Rabbah section 56 ברא דעלובתא). Sifré Deuteronomy 306; Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 938 (referring to Proverbs 6, 6) ע׳ היה האדם הזה שצריך ללמוד … ע׳ היה וכ׳ (ע׳ הוא) it was a (sufficient) humiliation for man that he had to learn from the ant; had he learned and acted (accordingly), he would have been sufficiently humbled, but he was to have learned, and did not. Bereshith Rabbah section 34, see עִיסָה.—plural עֲלוּבִים, עֲלוּבִין. Shabbath 88ᵇ, see עָלַב. Bereshith Rabbah section 45, end, see עֶלְבּוֹן; and elsewhere (compare עֲלַב Ithpeel 2) arrogant, insolent. Shabbath the passage cited ע׳ כלה מזנה impudent is etc., see זָנָה; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 8, 5; Gittin 36ᵇ (quoted to prove the meaning of עוּלְבָּנָא = חוּצְפָּא). ↗ original

עֲלוּבָא Chaldaic (Aramaic), see עֲלִיבָא ↗ original

עֲלוּבָה feminine Hebrew, see עָלוּב ↗ original

עֲלוּבְתָּא , see עֲלִיבָא ↗ original

עָלָוָון , see עָלָוָן ↗ original

עֲלַוֵּי , see עִילָוֵי ↗ original

עֲלוֹי , see עַל Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original

עִלּוּי , see עִילּוּי, עִילּוּיָא. ↗ original

עַלְוָיִין , see אַלְוָאִין ↗ original

עֲלוּלֵי (עֲלַל; compare עֲלִילָה) pretext, claim. Gittin 86ᵃ, see עֲרוּרֵי. ↗ original

עָלָוָן , plural of עָלָתָא. ↗ original

עֲלוּקָא feminine = next word Targum Psalms 12, 9 (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) עלקא).—Targum Proverbs 30, 15 (edition Lagarde edition עֲלוּקָה), [perh. proper noun of a person].—Bechoroth 44ᵇ ותיפוק לי משום עלקא (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) ערקא) but may I not assume that the swelling of his belly arose from swallowing a leech?; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 848 עֲלוּקָה. ↗ original

עֲלוּקָה (?); compare חלק, a. Arab. ʿaliḳ) leech. Avodah Zarah 12ᵇ (סכנת) ע׳ (Munich manuscript עַלְקָה; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) עַלְקָא) the danger of swallowing a leech in drinking.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᶜ bottom of the page (in Hebr. dict.) פשפש לעֲלוּקְתָּה a bed-bug is a remedy for a (swallowed) leech, (supposed to mean that a potion mixed with bed-bugs will cause the removal of the leech by causing vomiting). ↗ original

עֲלוּקְתָּה , see the preceding ↗ original

עֲלָזָה , see עֲלִיזָה ↗ original

עֲלָטָה עלט to wrap up) darkness, mist. Eruvin 53ᵇ מגידי בע׳, see זָהָב. Bereshith Rabbah section 44, see אֲמִיטְתָא. ↗ original

עלי (Biblical Hebrew) to go up, rise; to come up, arrive. Pesachim 8, 3 מי שיַּעֲלֶה מכם וכ׳ whichever of you shall first arrive at Jerusalem (for the Passover), see below. Sanhedrin 10, 3 אינה עתידה לַעֲלוֹת shall not rise (from the grave at the time of resurrection). Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 5, end, 19ᵃ (referring to גבול עולם, Proverbs 22, 28) זו עוֹלֵי מצרים this refers to those who came up from Egypt; Chagigah 3ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) עולי בבל those who came back from Babylonia. Berachoth 20ᵃ, and elsewhere (referring to Genesis 49, 22) א"ת עֲלֵי עין אלא עוֹלֵי עין read not ‘ăle ‘ayin, but ‘ole ‘ayin, those rising above the (evil) eye (whom the evil eye cannot affect). Sanhedrin 111ᵃ כשע׳ משה למרום when Moses came up to heaven. Kethuboth 61ᵃ עוֹלָה עמו וכ׳ she rises with him, but does not go down with him, i.e. the wife rises to the husband’s social position and can claim its comforts, if it be a higher one than her own, etc.; and very frequently—Chullin 17ᵇ עוֹלֶה ויורד בסכין a going up and down in a slaughtering knife, i.e. a curved blade.—קרבן עולה ויורד, see יָרַד.—עלה על דעת, see דַּעַת.—Esp. to be put on the altar, be offered. Zevachim 9, 1 אם עָלְתָה לא תרד if it has been offered, it must not be taken down again. the same place (ibid.) 2. Menachoth 22ᵇ מכאן לעוֹלִין שאינן מבטלין וכ׳ this proves that things which are offered up (e.g. blood of several sacrifices that has become mixed up) do not neutralize one another. the same place (ibid.) 23ᵃ חיבורי עולין that which is attached to things which go on the altar; and frequently—Idiomatic uses: a) (supply (understood word) לחשבון) to be counted in; to be accounted as. Moed Katan 3, 5 שבת עולה ואינה וכ׳ the Sabbath counts as one of the seven days of mourning, and does not discontinue the mourning, i.e. the mourning continues after the Sabbath; רגלים מפסיקין ואינן עולין festivals discontinue (the mourning begun before), but do not count, i.e. if the burial took place on a festive day, the mourning days begin after the festival. Avoth 4, 13 עוֹלָה זדון, see זָדוֹן. Zevachim 1, 3 לא עָלוּ לבעלים משום חובה the owners of the sacrifices are not credited with them as a compliance with their obligation; and frequently—b) to rise in value; to be esteemed. Avoth the passage cited וכתר שם טוב עוֹלֶה על גביהן the crown of a good name is worth more than all of them; and elsewhere—c) [to rise on the scale, be outweighed,] to be void, be neutralized (compare בָּטֵל). Terumoth 4, 7 תרומה עולה באחד ומאה T’rumah (mixed up in secular matter) is neutralized in one hundred and one (i.e. one against one hundred). the same place (ibid.) 11 תַּעֲלֶה באחד ומאה is neutralized in etc.; לא תעלה is not neutralized. the same place (ibid.) 13; and frequently—d) ע׳ לרגל, or ע׳ to go up (to Jerusalem and the Temple) for the festival. Yoma 21 בשעה שישראל עולין לרגל when the Israelites were in the Temple on the festivals. Chagigah 1, 1. the same place (ibid.) 4ᵃ שאינן ראויין לעלות who are not fit for the pilgrimage. Pesachim 8ᵇ, and elsewhere עוֹלֵי רגלים pilgrims; and frequently—e) ע׳ בידו to obtain, achieve. Berachoth 35ᵇ עָלְתָה בידן they were successful. Nazir 23ᵃ מי שנתכוון לעלות בידו בשר חזיר וע׳ בידו בשר טלה he who intended to obtain flesh of the swine, and happened to obtain mutton; and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל עִילָּה to elevate, exalt, praise. Shabbath 33ᵇ יהודה שעי׳ יִתְעַלֶּה Judah who elevated (praised the Roman government), shall be elevated (to high office). Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 29ᶜ top שעִילּוּ אותי וכ׳ who exalted me etc., see זָבַח. Bereshith Rabbah section 15 (referring to וישם, Genesis 2, 8) עי׳ אותו God raised him (made him a dignitary, by analogy to Deuteronomy 17, 15); and frequently to prize, to acquire at the highest price, bid for. Bereshith Rabbah section 16 (referring to ויקח, Genesis 2, 15) עי׳ אותו he acquired him (by analogy to Isaiah 14, 2; see below Hithpa'el); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 22. Bereshith Rabbah section 40 (referring to ויעלו, Jeremiah 38, 13) מְעַלִּין אותו (or מַעֲלִין, Hif'il) they bade for him. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶעֱלָה to raise, bring up. Makhshirin 6, 1 המַעֲלֶה פירותיו וכ׳ if one carries his fruits up to the roof, see כְּנִימָה; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 1. Pesikta Rabbati section 26 ובקושי הֶעֱלוּהוּ and with hard work they brought him up (out of the pit); and very frequently—Esp. to offer on the altar. Zevachim 14, 3 המַעֲלֶה מבשר וכ׳ he who offers parts of the flesh of a sin offering etc. the same place (ibid.) 13, 1 שחט בפנים וה׳ בחוץ if he slaughtered a sacrifice within the Temple precincts, and offered it without; and very frequently to raise, promote to a higher dignity. Yoma 20ᵇ, and frequently מַעֲלִין בקדש ולא מורידין we may promote (a person or thing) to a higher grade of sanctity, but must not degrade. Tosefta Nedarim 6, 5 שמעלה … מטומאתן which raises (relieves) the unclean from their uncleanness; Nedarim 75ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 10, 42ᵃ; and frequently—לא מעלה ולא מוריד, see יָרַד.—Idiomatic uses: a) to cause to go up from the reader’s place (which was low, see תֵּיבה); to remove, discharge. Berachoth 29ᵃ ולא הָעֱלוּהוּ and they did not remove him. the same place (ibid.) טעה … מעלין אותו if a reader makes a mistake in the twelfth section of the T’fillah (see מִין 3), he must be removed; and frequently—b) (see Kal, c) to neutralize. Terumoth 4, 8 תאנים שחורות מַעֲלוֹת וכ׳ black figs help to neutralize in conjunction with white ones, i.e. the black and the white secular figs are counted together against the admixture of figs of T’rumah whether black or white; and frequently—c) (see Kal, a) to account, credit or charge. Bava Metzia 69ᵇ אני אעלה לך סלע וכ׳ I will give thee credit for one Sela each month (as a compensation for the use of the cow). Avoth 2, 2 מעלה אני עליכם וכ׳ I (the Lord) shall credit you with a large reward, just as if you had accomplished (the good you had intended to do). the same place (ibid.) 3, 7, and the following מעלה עליו הכתוב כאילו וכ׳ the Bible text (the Lord) charges him as if he had endangered his life (see חוּב). Yoma 81ᵇ מעלה עליו הכתוב כאילו וכ׳ it is accounted to his credit, as if he had fasted on the ninth and the tenth; and frequently—d) (see Kal, e) to succeed, profit. Sanhedrin 90ᵇ הֶעֱלֵיתֶם בידכם, see יָעַל.—f) ה׳ חן to effect grace; to find favor. Bereshith Rabbah section 9 הלואי תהא מַעֲלַת חן לפני … כשם שהֶעֱלִית וכ׳ Oh, that thou wouldst find favor before me (please me) at all times, as thou dost now; and elsewhere—g) ה׳ חֵמָה [to let anger rise,] to become angry. Bereshith Rabbah section 93 בשעה שהיה יהודה מעלה ח׳ וכ׳ whenever Judah got angry, the hair etc.; and elsewhere—h) (with or supply (understood word) ארוכה) to heal up. Chullin 77ᵃ, see אֲרוּכָה 2. Shevi'ith 4, 6 לא שיַעֲלֶה, see פָּשַׁח; and frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נַעֲלָה to be removed, withdraw. Tosefta Yoma 1, 12 בעון … שכינה נַעֲלַת through the sin of bloodshed has the Divine Presence withdrawn (Sifré Numbers 161 מסתלקת). Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעַלֶּה, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְעַלֶּה to be raised, exalted. Shabbath 33ᵇ, see above; and elsewhere to be raised in price, to be bargained for at auction. Bereshith Rabbah section 40, end (referring to וַתֻּקַּח, Genesis 12, 15) מִתְעַלָּה והולכת חד וכ׳ higher and higher prices were offered for her; one said, I give etc.; Esther Rabbah to 2, 16 (referring to ותלקח, the same place (ibid.)) מתעלה בליקוחין. ↗ original

עֲלֵי Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 3, 11 עולי ריגלאין (Hebrew form) pilgrims to Jerusalem, see the preceding Af'el הִפְעִיל אַעֲלֵי (see the precedingHif'il c) to balance; to estimate, value (corresp. to Hebrew ערך). Targum Job 28, 17; 19. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 27, 8; and frequently—participle passive מַעֲלֵי, see below. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְעַלֶּי, אִתְעַלָּא, Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְעֲלָא to be elevated, exalted. Targum Psalms 47, 10; and elsewhere to be lifted up, be relieved of a burden. Targum Proverbs 19, 19 כמא דמִתְעַלֵּי וכ׳ (edition Lagarde edition מַעֲלֵי, Pesh. מעלא) the more he is relieved, the more he adds to his burden (i.e. the more you attempt to quiet him, the angrier he gets; Hebrew text כי אם תציל).—[Ithpeel אִתְעֲלֵי to be carried in, see עֲלַל.] ↗ original

עֱלִי pestle. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 1, 17ᵃ top [read:] כותש כעלי במכתש, see כָּתַשׁ. Betzah 1, 5; the same place (ibid.) 10ᵃ; Shabbath 123ᵃ ↗ original

עֲלִיבָא = Hebrew עָלוּב, humble, poor. Targum Proverbs 14, 31 (Hebrew text אביון).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 3, 66ᶜ top ומה יעביד ע׳ what should the poor fellow do? Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 3, 64ᵇ top ולינאי ע׳ את וכ׳ and you consult poor Jannai (me) in matters of betrothal?—plural עֲלִיבַיָּא, עֲלִיבֵי, עֲלוּ׳. Targum Proverbs 30, 14.—Vayikra Rabbah section 32, end ואילין ע׳ מאי איכפת להון why should these luckless ones suffer (for their parents’ sins)?, see אִכְפַּת. Yalkut Shimoni Esther 1056 בייא … בייא על עלו׳ woe to the king that brings woe upon the unfortunate!; and elsewhere—Fem. (Hebrew form) עֲלוּבָה; עֲלִיבְתָּא, עֲלוּ׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᵇ, see אַכְסַנְיָא. Vayikra Rabbah section 37, end; Koheleth Rabbah to 10, 15, see סוּף 2 Chaldaic (Aramaic); Tanchuma Bechukkothai 5 עֲלִבְתָּא. Bereshith Rabbah section 60, see חַיְּיתָא 2. Bereshith Rabbah section 56 ברא דעלו׳, see עָלוּב. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 5, 48ᵈ top הדא ע׳ this poor (animal). Vayikra Rabbah section 5 ע׳ היא מדינתא וכ׳, see דִּיאִיקִיטָא; and frequently ↗ original

עֲלִיָּה (עָלָה) (Biblical Hebrew) upper chamber, upper story. Bava Metzia 10, 1 הבית והע׳ של שנים the house (lower compartment) and the upper story belonging severally to two persons. the same place (ibid.) 2 הבית והע׳ נפחתה הע׳ (not של שנים) if there is a lower story (in which the owner lives) and an upper story (inhabited by a tenant), and the upper story is out of repair. the same place (ibid.) 3. Bava Bathra 3, 7. Nedarim 7, 4 הנודר מן הבית מותר בע׳ he who vows abstinence from ‘house’, is permitted to use an upper story (see עִירוֹנִי). Shabbath 1, 4 בעֲלִיַּית חנניה וכ׳ in the upper chamber of Ḥananiah etc. Kethuboth 50ᵇ דברים טובים שנאמרו בע׳ the good things (in favor of females) that were said at the meeting in an upper chamber; and very frequently—בני ע׳ sons of heaven, those enjoying the Divine Presence in the hereafter. Sukkah 45ᵇ; Sanhedrin 97ᵇ.—plural עֲלִיּוֹת, עֲלִיּיוֹת. Bava Metzia 117ᵃ שתי ע׳ זו וכ׳ two upper stories, one above the other; and elsewhere going up, rising, opposite ירידה; also flight of stairs. the same place (ibid.) (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) ע׳ קבילי עלאי ע׳ וירידה וכ׳ when I rented the upper story, I was prepared to go up, but to go up and go down again I was not prepared. the same place (ibid.) חדא ע׳ קבילית עלי שתי עליות וכ׳ Munich manuscript (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) I was prepared for one flight of stairs but not for two flights; and frequently—Esp. going up to Jerusalem, pilgrimage. Pesachim 8ᵇ ע׳ שלא לשמה a pilgrimage not for its own sake; and elsewhere—plural as ab. Bava Metzia the passage cited, see above. elevation (to a higher dignity), promotion. Yerushalmi (prefix) Horayoth 3, beginning 47ᵃ עֲלִיָּיתוֹ וכ׳, see יְרִידָה 2. Bereshith Rabbah section 68 ע׳ תהא להם they shall rise (to power). Kethuboth 61ᵃ (play on בעלת בעל, Genesis 20, 3) בעלייתו של בעל וכ׳ the wife partakes of the comforts of the husband’s higher position, but is not bound to share the restrictions of his lower position, see עָלָה; and frequently carrying up, especially putting on the altar, offering. Zevachim 13, 1 חייב על הע׳ is punishable for the offering (outside of the Temple precincts). the same place (ibid.) 3; and frequently (see עָלָה, c) neutralization, loss of identity. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 2, 65ᵃ top מעשר אין לו ע׳ tithes (mixed up with secular food) are not neutralized. the most valuable property (compare עִידִית). Bava Kamma 1, 4, see מְעוּלֶּה. the same place (ibid.) 91ᵃ רידיא ע׳ דמרה הוא the compensation for damages which is won by using the noxious ox for ploughing, is equal to a collection from the owner’s best possessions, (opposite to מגופו the indemnity collected from a sale of the animal). Nedarim 56ᵃ if one says, בית בביתי … מראהו ע׳ I sell thee a room in my house, he may show (assign) to him an upper chamber (see above); modified: מאי ע׳ מעולה וכ׳ ʿăliya means here (he must assign to him) the best room; Menachoth 108ᵇ. Kethuboth the passage cited 50ᵇ ומאי ע׳ מעילוייא דאב and does ʿăliya mean ‘of the father’s best things’?; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֶלְיוֹן uppermost, highest; most high. Bava Metzia 10, 2 הע׳ the owner of the upper story, see מַעֲזִיבָה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 2, 64ᵈ bottom of the page (referring to הקדש, Deuteronomy 26, 13) הקודש הע׳ במשמע if refers to the sacred matter mentioned above (first-fruits, the same place (ibid.) 2, and the following). Maasroth 5, 8 זרע לוף הע׳ the seed- capsules on the tops of lof (see לוֹף), explained Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 52ᵃ bottom of the page, see סָלַל I; and frequently—Fem. עֶלְיוֹנָה. Tanchuma Tsav 1 (play on עוֹלָה) שהיא ע׳ וכ׳ it is the highest of all sacrifices. Bava Bathra 64ᵃ דיוטא הע׳ the upper story. Bava Metzia 77ᵇ יד לוקח על הע׳ the buyer is at an advantage, has the choice between annulling and insisting on the bargain, opposite על התחתונה, see יָד.—Vayikra Rabbah section 24, beginning (referring to Psalms 92, 9) לעולם ידך בע׳ thy power is always uppermost, i.e. is always submitted to, whether thou blessest or punishest; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 843 על הע׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 14ᵇ על הע׳, לע׳; and frequently—plural עֶלְיוֹנִים, עֶלְיוֹנִין; feminine עֶלְיוֹנוֹת. the same place (ibid.) 14ᵃ top המים הע׳ the waters from above the earth; and frequently—Esp. עליונים heavenly creatures, angels. Vayikra Rabbah section 9 בראשון ברא מן הע׳ וכ׳ on the first he created heavenly and earthly things etc.; בראו מן הע׳ וכ׳ he created man so as to make him partake of the nature of the upper creatures and of that of the lower; and frequently ↗ original

עֲלִיּוּתָא (עֲלֵי) height, heaven. Vayikra Rabbah section 26 מתאמר לי מן ע׳ I am so ordered from on high; Bamidbar Rabbah section 19; Tanchuma Chukkath 4. ↗ original

עַלִּיז frolicsome, wanton. Mechilta Beshallach 4 מלכות הע׳ the wanton (Roman) government; Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 300. ↗ original

עֲלִיזָה (the preceding) rejoicing, use of the root עלז. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Ronni, p. 141ᵇ; Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 34, end; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 4 עֲלָזָה; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 338 עֲלִיצָה. ↗ original

עִלְיָיאתָא , see עֵילִיתָא 2 ↗ original

עֲלִיָּיה , see עֲלִיָּה ↗ original

עִלְיָתָא , see עִילִיתָא 2, a. עִילָאָה. ↗ original

עַלֵּיל , see עֲלַל ↗ original

עֲלִיל entrance. Sotah 45ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 9, 23ᶜ bottom of the page נמצא בע׳ לעיר if the slain was found at the entrance to a town (where there can be no doubt as to the nearest place); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 9, 1 בע׳ העיר (variant reading בחלול של עיר). (compare עֲלִילוּת) reality; בע׳ really, undoubtedly. Rosh Hashanah 1, 5 נראה בע׳ if the crescent is clearly visible; the same place (ibid.) 21ᵇ מאי משמע דהאי ע׳ לישנא דמיגלי הוא, see גְּלֵי; Shabbath 133ᵇ; Menachoth 64ᵃ ↗ original

עֲלִילָה the preceding) [bringing about, causation,] dealing, government, disposition.—plural עֲלִילוֹת. Shemoth Rabbah section 2, see עָוַת. (see עִילָה) [round about way,] circumvention, perverseness, insidiousness; pretext, false charge. Sanhedrin 101ᵇ שלשה באו בע׳ three men (Biblical personages) came with indirectness (instead of praying in a straightforward manner). Bereshith Rabbah section 93 מתחלה באת עלינו בע׳ from the start thou camest against us with insidiousness (trying to find charges against us); Tanchuma Vayigg. 5; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 151. Esther Rabbah to 3, 9 המן … בע׳ גדולה וכ׳ Haman, the wicked, came with great trickery against Israel (tempting them to sin). the same place (ibid.) באו בע׳ וכ׳ they (the Israelites) came with a pretext, saying, let us go to sacrifice (Exodus 5, 3). Pesikta Rabbati section 26 ראה היאך תמצא לו ע׳ וכ׳ see how thou canst find a charge against Jeremiah and be revenged on him; and frequently—plural as ab. Shemoth Rabbah the passage cited, see עָוַת. Bamidbar Rabbah section 20 שלא ליתן לו ע׳ (not יתן) so as not to allow him any excuses. ↗ original

עֲלִילוּת (the preceding, see עֲלִיל reality. Bereshith Rabbah section 23 ולמה בחלום הא לך בע׳ and why in a dream? here it is for thee in reality. ↗ original

עֲלִילוּתָא = Hebrew עֲלִילָה, doing, disposition. Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 859 הוי בר נשא … עֲלִילוּתֵיה וכ׳ (not יהוי) O man, how the Merciful deals with thee! indirectness, perverseness. Shabbath 88ᵇ דסגן בע׳ those who walk perverse ways, opposite בשלימותא. ↗ original

עֲלֵים , see עֲלֵם ↗ original

עַלִּים (the preceding) strong, powerful. Targum Job 9, 19.—plural עַלִּימִין, עֲלִי׳. Targum Psalms 54, 5 (edition Vilna edition עֲלֵי׳; Hebrew text עריצים). ↗ original

עֲלִימוּת (see the preceding) strength, vigor. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 83ᵇ bottom of the page עלמות בע׳ עלמות בזריזות עלמות כאילין עולימתא ʿalmuth (Psalms 48, 15) means with strength, … with quickness, … like those maidens; Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 2, 73ᵇ; Vayikra Rabbah section 11, end בעַלְמוּת (not בעולמות); Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 3; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 757 בעלמות. ↗ original

עֲלֵימָן , plural of עוּלֵימָא. ↗ original

עֲלִיסָה (עָלַס) rejoicing, use of the root עלס. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Ronni, p. 141ᵇ; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 4 עלצה; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 338; Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 34, end עליצה; see עֲלִיזָה. ↗ original

עֲלִיצָה feminine (עָלַץ) same, see the preceding ↗ original

עִלִּיתָא , see אִלִּיתָא ↗ original

עִלִיתָא , see עִיליתָא ↗ original

עָלַל עוֹלֵל Pol. to bring about) to go about, (compare סוּר I Chaldaic (Aramaic)) to superintend, be busy. Koheleth Rabbah to 6, 10 … מלך ומסרו לאריס לַעֲלוֹל בו a King that had a vineyard and gave it in charge of a tenant to attend to it (edition Vilna edition לעֹמול).—participle pass. עָלוּל; feminine עֲלוּלָה; plural עֲלוּלִים, עֲלוּלִין; עֲלוּלוֹת [brought about,] liable, likely (compare רָגִיל). Niddah 7ᵇ ע׳ לקבל טומאה likely to catch uncleanness; Tosefta Makhshirin 2, 11. (with ל־; compare סוּר I) to ascend, land, enter. Koheleth Rabbah to 6, 5 למה לא עָלַלְתָּה למדינה why didst thou not visit the city?; ואת שירדת ועָלַלְתָּ and thou who didst go down (leave the ship) and visit; (Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 972 עאל, עלת, עיילת, see עוּל, a. next word). Avodah Zarah 71ᵃ עוֹל תחתי לעוצר go for me to the collector (settle with him). Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעַלֵּל (Biblical Hebrew), Nithpa'el נִתְעַלֵּל [to busy one’s self,] to sport, abuse. Gittin 58ᵃ; Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 276; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֲלַל 1 , especially (corresp. to Hebrew בּוֹא) to enter a town, a house etc.; to come in (interch. with עוּל). Targum Proverbs 11, 2; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, 64ᵇ bottom of the page מי ע׳ when he was going home. the same place (ibid.)ᶜ top כד דאנא עָלֵיל וכ׳ when I was coming home from the hill. the same place (ibid.) כד דאתית למֵיעוֹל when thou wert about to go home. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᶜ bottom of the page בר קפרא אִיעֲלַל … מי ע׳ וכ׳ B. K. was trying to enter a town; when he entered it etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 5, beginning 22ᵇ תלת … עבר עָלֵיל קומי וכ׳ thirteen years he spent going in and out before his teacher without need (of his instruction). Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 3 עָלְלִין ונפקין are brought in and taken out again; and elsewhere—2) (with שמשא) to set. Targum Onkelos Genesis 15, 12; and frequently—3) to be busy, have to do with, (euphem.) to sport. Esther Rabbah to 2, 16 אנא יהיב … ועליל עמה I would give one hundred denars to sport with her; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 67; (Bereshith Rabbah section 40 ואִיעֲלַל Ithpaal). Pa'el פִּעֵל עַלֵּיל to go around searching; to glean. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 19, 10 (edition Berlin edition תְעַלִיל; edition Amsterdam edition תְעָליל); Deuteronomy 24, 21 תְעַלֵּיל edition Berlin edition (edition Amsterdam edition a. Yerushalmi (prefix) תְעָלֵיל). Af'el הִפְעִיל אָעֵיל (frequently עוּל), אָעוֹל, אֵ׳ to cause to go in; to carry in, bring in. Targum Genesis 6, 19 (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition Vienna edition תֵעוֹל). Targum Psalms 66, 11. Targum Onkelos Genesis 47, 24 אָעוֹלֵי edition Berlin edition (other edition אַעוּלֵי, verbal noun). Targum Haggai, Book of 1, 9; and frequently Ittaf. הֻפְעַל אִיתָּעַל, אִיתַּעַל to be carried in. Targum Job 10, 19 אֶתְּעָל. the same place (ibid.) 21, 32 יִתָּעֵל edition Vilna edition (other edition יִתְּעָל). the same place (ibid.) 30 יִתָּעֲלוּן (some edition יִתְעֲלוּן Ithpeel). Targum Onkelos Genesis 43, 18 (Yerushalmi (prefix) מִתְעֲל׳, edition Vienna edition מִתְעָ׳); and frequently Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְעֲלַל, אִיעֲלַל same, see above.—2) to attempt entrance. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath the passage cited, see above.—3) to busy one’s self, to sport. Bereshith Rabbah the passage cited, see above. ↗ original

עֲלַל 2 (the preceding) [that which is brought in; compare תְּבוּאָה,] harvest, provision; income. Targum Job 40, 20 (Hebrew text בול). Targum Isaiah 30, 23. Targum Leviticus 25, 21; and frequently—Chagigah 5ᵃ, see זוּזָא I. Nedarim 55ᵃ פקיד … מן ע׳ דנהר פניא left in his will that they should give Raba thirteen thousand Zuz out of the ʿălalta (income) of N’har Pania; היכי מיקריא ע׳ what is understood by ʿălalta? the same place (ibid.) תבואה … ע׳ כל מילי משמע by t’buah (= תבואת שדה) we understand only the five kinds of grain, by ʿălalta, anything (income). the same place (ibid.) שכר בתים … כיון דפחתן לאו ע׳ היא וכ׳ how about the rent from houses or ships? Shall we say, because their value is diminishing by wear and tear, it cannot be called ʿălalta (income), or is it to be called ʿălalta, because the diminution is not noticeable?; and elsewhere—plural עֲלָלָן, עֲלָלָתָא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 14, 22. Targum Onkelos Genesis 47, 24 עָלְלָתָא edition Lsb. (edition Berlin edition עָלַלְתָּא; other edition עֲלַלְתָּא, sing.); and elsewhere ↗ original

עָלַם 1 (see אָלַם) to surround, tie up. to be strong. Pi'el פִּעֵל עִילֵּם to tie up. Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 946 quoted frequently Ylamdenu (referring to וחושך, Proverbs 10, 19) לא אמרתי שתְּעַלֵּם פיך וכ׳ I did not say that thou must tie up thy mouth and sit in silence, but restrain thy lips from etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 738 שתְּאַלֵּים. Bamidbar Rabbah section 14 (referring to Genesis 49, 22) שעי׳ עינו מאשת וכ׳ he closed his eye not to look at the wife etc. (see עָלַם 2, Hif'il). ↗ original

עֲלֵם , to be strong. Targum Psalms 38, 20. Targum Joshua 1, 6; and elsewhere—Denom. עִילָּם, frequently which imperat. עִילַּם, עִילַּמוּ. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 31, 6; 7; 23 edition Berlin edition (Regia עַלֵּים, עַלִּימוּ, see Berlin edition Targum Onkelos 2, p. 59). Targum I Chronicles 22, 12 (13); and elsewhere, see אֲלַם. Pa'el פִּעֵל עַלֵּים same (denominative of same (denominative of עַלִּים), see above. to strengthen. Targum Psalms 27, 14. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 14, 27 (Hebrew text וינער, see Mechilta Beshallach, section 6). Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְעַלֵּים, Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְעֲלֵים to be strengthened. Targum Psalms 31, 25. to be tied, to join, conspire. Targum 2 Chronicles 13, 7 (Hebrew text ויתאמצו). ↗ original

עָלַם 2 see the preceding) [to surround, tie up,] to conceal. Yalkut Shimoni Song of Songs 981, see below.—participle passive עָלוּם; feminine עֲלוּמָה; plural עֲלוּמִים, עֲלוּמִין; עֲלוּמוֹת. Avodah Zarah 35ᵇ (play on עֲלָמוֹת, Song of Songs 1, 3) קרי ביה עלומות read it ʿălumoth (secret things). Pi'el פִּעֵל עִילֵּם same. participle passive מְעוּלָּם; feminine מְעוּלֶּמֶת; plural מְעוּלָּמִים, מְעוּלָּמִין; מְעוּלָּמוֹת. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 46, 1 (play on עלמות, the same place (ibid.)) מע׳ הן הדברים וכ׳ the things we saw are hidden, we know not what we saw. Nef. נֶעְלָם, Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעַלֵּם, , Nithpa'el נִתְעַלֵּם to be concealed, to escape; to hide one’s self. Bamidbar Rabbah section 20 אין כל דבר נ׳ ממך nothing is unknown to thee. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 6, beginning 33ᵃ נֶעֶלְמָה הלכה ממנו the law escaped his memory; Babylonian Pesachim 66ᵃ נִתְעַלְּמָה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 3, 40ᵈ bottom of the page לא … מִתְעַלֵּם מהן they did not move from there before it (the pronunciation of the Tetragrammaton) escaped their memory again. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 4, 44ᵇ top עד שיִתְעַלֵּם מעיניהם until he is left out of their sight. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 8ᵃ ואל תִּתְעַלֵּם מתחינתנו do not hide thyself (turn away) from our prayer; and frequently Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶעֱלִים to conceal. Shemoth Rabbah section 1 (referring to העלמה Exodus 2, 8) שהֶעֱלִימָה וכ׳ she kept her own secret. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 3 (play on עלמות, the same place (ibid.)) על שהֶעֱלַמְתָּ מהם יום וכ׳ because thou hast concealed from them the day of death and the day of consolation, they love thee; על שהעלמת מתן וכ׳ because thou hast concealed from them the reward of the righteous etc.; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 981 שעָלַמְתָּ (Kal); Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 9; and frequently (see עָלַם I) הע׳ עינים to close the eyes, to lose sight of. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 4, 44ᵃ bottom of the page Sotah 10ᵇ ואל תַּעֲלֵם עיניך ממני do not avert thy eyes from me. Tosefta Peah 4, 20; Bava Bathra 10ᵃ, and elsewhere המעלים … מן הצדקה who closes his eyes to charity; and frequently Hof. הֻפְעַל הוּעֲלָם to be concealed. Koheleth Rabbah to 3, 11 (play on הָעֹלָם the same place (ibid.)) ה׳ מהם שם וכ׳ the pronunciation of the Tetragrammaton was concealed from them. ↗ original

עֶלֶם 1 (the preceding) secret. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 3, 40ᵈ bottom of the page; Pesachim 50ᵃ (referring to לעלם, Exodus 2, 15) לע׳ כתיב it is so written that you may read l’‘elem (this is my name for secrecy).—plural עֲלָמוֹת. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 9, 1 (play on עלמות, the same place (ibid.)) על הע׳ שהבן עושה וכ׳ on the secret sins which the child (of God) commits and which the Day of Atonement comes to atone for etc. forgetfulness, see הֵעָלֵם. ↗ original

עֶלֶם 2 [vigorous,] lad. Yevamoth 76ᵇ (referring to I Samuel 17, 55, and the following) התם קרי ליה נער והכא קרי ליה ע׳ וכ׳ there he calls him young man, and here, lad! He thus said to him, הלכה נתעלמה ממך thou hast forgotten the law (see the preceding). Sanhedrin 95ᵃ (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) ע׳ אייתי לי וכ׳, see פִּלְכָא.—Fem. עַלְמָה. Shemoth Rabbah section 1, see עָלַם 2.—plural עֲלָמוֹת. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 3 חלים לפניו כע׳ they dance before him like maidens; Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 11. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 2, 73ᵇ (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) כאילין ע׳, see עֲלִימוּת; and elsewhere ↗ original

עָלַם 3 = Hebrew עוֹלָם, eternity, world etc. Targum Genesis 9, 16. Targum Onkelos Exodus 21, 6. Targum Psalms 61, 7; and very frequently—Rosh Hashanah 31ᵃ שיתא אלפי שני הוי ע׳ וכ׳ the world shall last six thousand years, and one thousand years it will be waste. Gittin 56ᵇ, see חֲשֵׁב; and very frequently—Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 24; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 139 ע׳ דשקר the world of falsehood (this world); Vayikra Rabbah section 26 (some edition עולם, Hebrew form); ע׳ דקושטא the world of truth (the hereafter). Sotah 10ᵇ, and frequently ע׳ דאתי the world to come (= Hebrew עולם הבא).—בית ע׳ the house of eternity (euphem. for ‘the house of death’) burial ground, cemetery. Echah Rabbah to 1, 5. Vayikra Rabbah section 12, beginning; and elsewhere—Kiddushin 80ᵇ אינשי דע׳ common people (opposite to scholars).—כל ע׳, כולי ע׳ (abbreviated or abbreviation כ"ע), see כּוֹלָּא. Berachoth 36ᵇ כ"ע לא פליגי all the authorities mentioned agree; and very frequently—בְּעַלְמָא in a general way, merely. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 26, 24; 28.—Shabbath 103ᵇ, see בגלטורי. the same place (ibid.) 9ᵇ להזיע בע׳ merely to sweat (not to bathe); לעיוני בע׳ merely to examine (not to do any labor); and very frequently—plural עָלְמִין, עָלְמַיָּיא; construct state עָלְמֵי. Targum Psalms 9, 8. Targum Onkelos Exodus 15, 18; and frequently—Targum Isaiah 42, 11 בתי עַלְמֵיהוֹן their graves (see above). ↗ original

עַלְמָה , see עֶלֶם 2 ↗ original

עַלְמוּת , see עֲלִימוּת ↗ original

עֻלֵּמָא , plural עֻלֵּמָן, see עוּלֵים. ↗ original

עַלְמִין ʿAlmin (Elymais, Neubauer Geographie du Talmud, Paris 1868 p. 381). Sanhedrin 94ᵃ כי מטו ע׳ אמרי כי עלמין when they (the exiles) came to ‘Almin, they said, it is like our world (Jerusalem; Rashi: like the house of eternities, the Temple). ↗ original

עַלְמַת ʿAlmath (Youth). Targum 2 Samuel 3, 16 (edition Vilna edition עַלְמֻת); the same place (ibid.) 16, 5 (Hebrew text בחורים, בחרים). ↗ original

עָלַע , see עִלְעֵל 2 ↗ original

עֲלַע = Hebrew צֵלַע, side, rib. Targum Onkelos Genesis 2, 22 (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition Vienna edition עִילָאָה; the same place (ibid.) 21 עִלָּאָה).—Transferred beam, board. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 44, 19 ע׳ מן בית אבא a board of my father’s house (a member of the family etc.).—plural עִלְעִין, עִילְ׳. Targum Genesis 3, 21. ↗ original

עִלְעוֹל common gender (עִלְעֵל 1) whirlwind, hurricane. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 4 (referring to כסופות, Isaiah 21, 1) אין לך ע׳ קשה יותר מן העי׳ הזה … ומכסיף וכ׳ there is no wind more vehement than that which comes from the north and rises and makes pale the creatures in the south.—plural עִלְעוֹלִין, עִי׳. Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 1 [read:] כמה ע׳ היא מזדווגת how many storms the ship may encounter. ↗ original

עַלְעוֹל Targum Isaiah 29, 6 (Hebrew text רעם). Targum Job 4, 15 (Hebrew text שערת!); and frequently—Transferred misfortune, trouble. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Numbers 21, 14 ע׳ דסגירותא the misfortune of leprosy (Hebrew text סופה; see Berachoth 54ᵃ bottom of the page). Targum Job 38, 1 ע׳ דצערא; the same place (ibid.) 40, 6 עַלְעוֹלִיתָא (edition Lagarde edition עַלְעוֹלְתָּא).—plural עַלְעוֹלִין. Targum Jeremiah 4, 13. Targum Ezekiel 13, 11; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᵃ אתון רוהין וע׳ וכ׳ (edition Krot. עַלְעוֹלֵי) winds and storms (demons) came and tore him away from me; Echah Rabbah to 1, 16. ↗ original

עַלְעוֹלִיתָא feminine, see the preceding ↗ original

עַלְעִיתָא (= עלעלתא, see עָלַל, a. עִילָה) pretext, opportunity. Targum 2 Esther 1, 16. ↗ original

עלְעִל (reduplic. of עָלַל) to drive about, hurl. Kilayim 7, 7 הרוח שעִלְעֲלָה וכ׳ if a wind cast grape vines over standing grain. ↗ original

עַלְעֵל Targum Job 27, 21. ↗ original

עִלְעֵל (transpos. of לעלע, reduplic. of לוע; compare געגע) to sip. Chullin 22ᵇ משיְעַלְעֲלוּ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition משיְעַלְעוּ) when they are old enough to sip (explained the same place (ibid.) by referring to יעלעו, Job 39, 30; misinterpreted by Abayi, as if frequently עִלְעָא, to bleed from the side, when the wing is severed); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 15 מששלעלו edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.), read with variant reading משעִילְעֲלוּ. ↗ original

עָלַף 1 , 2), Pi'el עִילֵּף to enclose, encase (compare Arab. ġalaf).—participle passive מְעוּלָּף; feminine מְעוּלֶּפֶת. Bereshith Rabbah section 54 המע׳ מבין שני וכ׳ thou (Ark) encased between the two Cherubs; (Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 12 המפוארה בשני כרובים; Avodah Zarah 24ᵇ מפוארת בעדי עדיים). ↗ original

עָלַף 2 to turn, change. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעַלֵּף, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְעַלֵּף (interch. with הִתְעַלְפֶּה, formed frequently a noun עלפה, see Ezekiel 31, 15) to change off, take turns. Tosefta Taanith 1, 8 ולא היו מִתְעַלְּפִין עליה וכ׳ they did not change off (in watching) over it, but one sat etc. to be overcome, faint, swoon. Chullin 3ᵇ שחט לפנינו … ולא נ׳ when he cut in our (the judges’) presence, without being overcome (his hand not trembling); the same place (ibid.) שמא יִתְעַלֵּף (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) יִתְעַלְפֶּה) lest his hand tremble; the same place (ibid.) ברי לי שלא נִתְעַלַּפְתִּי I am sure that my hand did not tremble. Shabbath 9ᵇ שמא יתעלפה he may swoon (in the vapor bath). Niddah 69ᵇ שמא יתעלפה he may be in a swoon (and not really dead). Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 23 ומִתְעַלְּפִים, see עוּף I; and elsewhere Pa'el פִּעֵל עוּלָּף same. participle מְעוּלָּף; feminine מְעוּלֶּפֶת; plural מְעוּלָּפִים, עוּלָּפִין; מְאוּלָּפוֹת. Mechilta Beshallach Shir., section 6 לא מוציאין ולא מכניסין מע׳ מריח הים neither inhaling nor exhaling, being overcome by the smell of the sea; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 248; Yalkut Shimoni Job 927.—Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 5, 14 (referring to מעלפת, the same place (ibid.)) מעולפ׳ כחן וכ׳ (through the study of the Law) the strength of man is broken, though it had been as hard as sapphires; [probably to be read: מְעַלֶּפֶת (Pi'el) it makes faint etc.]. ↗ original

עֲלַף ; Pa'el עַלֵּף to be overcome with weakness. Chullin 3ᵇ לעַלּוּפֵי לא חיישינן we do not apprehend a sudden weakness of hands in slaughtering. ↗ original

עִלְפֶּה see עָלַף 2 ↗ original

עָלַץ (Biblical Hebrew) to rejoice. Eruvin 53ᵇ ↗ original

עֲלָצָה , see עֲלִיצָה ↗ original

עַלְקָא , see עֲלוּקָא, עֲלוּקָה. ↗ original

עַלַּת (עלל) [turning about,] ladle. Eruvin 53ᵇ (in enigmatic speech) ע׳ נקפת וכ׳, see נְקַף I. the same place (ibid.) [read:] יעדי כתר … ותיקפי ע׳ בכד וכ׳ (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) shall the crown (stopper) of another (jug) be removed, that the ladle may float like a ship etc.? ↗ original

עָלָתָא = Hebrew עוֹלָה, burnt offering. Targum Genesis 22, 2; and frequently—Targum Onkelos Numbers 28, 10, and elsewhere עָלָת construct state, edition Berlin edition (other edition עֲלַת; Yerushalmi (prefix) עוֹלַת); Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) the same place (ibid.) 6 עָלַת.—plural עָלָוָון, עָלָוָן, עֲלָ׳, עַלְ׳. Targum Psalms 66, 13 (not עִלַווָן). the same place (ibid.) 15; and frequently ↗ original

עִם see עַם) junction; (preposition) with, near. Shabbath 1, 8 עם השמש with the sun, i.e. as long as the sun shines, before sunset. the same place (ibid.) 2, 7 עם חשיכה, see חֲשֵׁיכָה. Berachoth 7ᵃ ותתנהג עם בניך וכ׳ and deal with thy children mercifully. Sanhedrin 23ᵃ מי חותם עִמָּהֶן who is to sign as witness with them; and frequently ↗ original

עִם ² Targum Onkelos Genesis 25, 11. Targum Psalms 54, 2 עִימָּנָא manuscript (edition גַּבָּן). Targum Job 32, 6 עִימְּכוֹן manuscript (edition יַתְכוֹן); and frequently ↗ original

עַם עמם to press, crowd, join) gathering, crowd, people. Sanhedrin 94ᵇ, see עָיֵף. Menachoth 53ᵇ יבא זח … לעם זו let ‘this one’ (Moses) come and receive ‘this’ (the Law) … for ‘this people’ (Israel); and frequently—עם הארץ, see אֶרֶץ.—plural עַמִּים gentiles. Shabbath 14ᵇ, and frequently על ארץ הע׳ concerning (importations from) heathen countries. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 6, 36ᵇ bottom of the page; and frequently—5. עֲמָם. ↗ original

עַם ² Targum Genesis 12, 2. Targum Ezekiel 45, 16. Targum Song of Songs 6, 5; and very frequently—Eruvin 14ᵇ, and elsewhere מאי ע׳ דבר, see דְּבַר. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 5, 29ᵈ bottom of the page כל ע׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 13, beginning 13ᵇ כל עַמָּה, and frequently, see כּוֹל. Sotah 9, 15 ע׳ דארעא = עם הארץ, ignorant people; and frequently—plural, see עֲמַם 2. ↗ original

עֲמָא , see עֲמֵי ↗ original

עֵמָּא = אוּמָא, leaven; in a transferred sense passion. Esther Rabbah introduction; Bereshith Rabbah section 16, see נָשַׁף. ↗ original

עִמְאוּם , see עִימְעוּם ↗ original

עמאוקו , see עִמְקִי ↗ original

עָמַך 1 = אָמַד, to estimate. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 9, end, 58ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 9, 27ᵃ bottom of the page, עֲמָדוּהוּ, see אָמַד. ↗ original

עָמַך 2 (Biblical Hebrew) to stand, stand up, rise; to remain, endure; to be ready. Berachoth 5, 1 אין עוֹמְדִין להתפלל וכ׳ you must not stand up (make ready) for prayer, etc., see כּוֹבֶד. the same place (ibid.) 1, 2 שכן דרך … לַעֲמוֹד וכ׳ for princes generally rise at three hours. the same place (ibid.) 3 (explained ובקומך, Deuteronomy 6, 7) בשעה שבני אדם עוֹמְדִים at the time when people get up (in the morning). Kiddushin 71ᵃ עוֹמֵד בחצי ימיו a middle-aged man. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 8, 26ᵇ ע׳ בדין stood before court. Bava Metzia 47ᵇ מי שאינו עומד בדיבורו who does not stand by (keep) his promise. Kilayim 4, 4 העומד that part of the fence which is unimpaired, opposite פרוץ. Nega'im 1, 3, and the following העומד the leprous spot which remained in its place (Leviticus 13, 28). Bava Bathra 60ᵇ יכולין לעמוד בה, see גְּזֵרָה. Shemoth Rabbah section 2 בקש משה שיַעַמְדּוּ וכו׳ Moses prayed that from him should rise priests and kings; and very frequently—Esp. uses: ע׳ על a) to understand. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 1, 45ᵈ, see אוֹפִי; and elsewhere—b) to insist upon. Megillah 28ᵃ לא עָמַדְתִּי על מדותי, see מִדָּה. Kiddushin the passage cited מְעַמֵּד על מדותיו Pi'el (Rashi מַעֲמִיד Hif'il)—c) to be reduced to. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᶜ ע׳ על חמשים it came down to fifty; and frequently (of liquids) to settle, become consistent. Avodah Zarah 35ᵇ חלב טהור עומד milk of a clean animal curdles (can be made into cheese or butter). (of blades) to become dull (without being notched). Betzah 28ᵇ סכין שעָמְדָה מותר וכ׳ a slaughtering knife which has become dull may be sharpened on the Holy Day. עוֹמֵד ל־ standing ready, designated for. Pesachim 13ᵇ, and frequently כל העומד לזרוק וכ׳ whatever is ready to be sprinkled, is considered as if it had been sprinkled. Kethuboth 51ᵃ top; and frequently ע׳ ב־ to resist. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 8 כל … לעמוד בזנות he who can resister the temptation of lust; כאילו עומד בשתיהן as if he resisted both; and elsewhere Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶעֱמִיד to cause to stand, to place; to restore, preserve; to beget, produce. Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 1, 57ᵇ top הַעֲמִידוּ בימה put the dais up (to hold court). Tamid 5, 6 היה מַעֲמִיד וכ׳ made the unclean priests stand in the eastern gate. Yevamoth 62ᵇ הם הם הֶעֱמִידוּ תורה וכ׳ it was they who preserved the law (tradition) in those days. Avoth 1, 1 הַעֲמִידוּ תלמידים הרבה rear many scholars. Bamidbar Rabbah section 14 ה׳ בנים begot children. Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 4 מה היא עומדת מַעֲמֶדֶת what does ʿomadeth (the same place (ibid.)) mean? She (the earth) preserves, see תַּפְקִיד. Bereshith Rabbah section 90 שכל ארץ וארץ מעמדת פירותיה each ground preserves its own fruits (when put into the ground). the same place (ibid.) דברים שהן מַעֲמִידִין substances which conserve, see קִטְמִית; and frequently—2) to change the standing of; to enlarge; to reduce. Megillah 15ᵇ שתי אמות היה והֶעֱמִידוֹ על וכ׳ it was two cubits long, and he extended it to twelve. Makkoth 24ᵃ (of the 613 laws of the Torah) בא דוד והֶעֱמִידָן על וכ׳ David came and brought them down to eleven (Psalms 15); בא עמוס והעמידן על אחת Amos came and reduced them to one (Amos 5, 4).—3) ה׳ (על) עצמו to contain, check one’s self. Sanhedrin 72ᵃ אין אדם מעמיד עצמו על ממונו no one will restrain himself from defending his property. the same place (ibid.) 93ᵇ מַעֲמִידִין על עצמם בשעה וכ׳ they restrained themselves when they had a human need.—4) (of liquids) to make consistent, curdle. Avodah Zarah 2, 5 מעמידין אותן בקיבת נבלה they make the cheese by putting into the milk rennet from an animal not ritually slaughtered. Orlah 1, 7 המעמיד בשרף הערלה if one curdles milk by means of a resinous substance (an acid) from an ‘uncircumcised’ tree (see עָרְלָה); and elsewhere—5) ה׳ על חזקתו to let a thing stand on the basis of its presumptive condition, to assume that the ordinary condition has not changed. Niddah 2ᵃ הַעֲמֵד אשה על חזקתה assume that the woman has not changed her presumptive condition (of cleanness); העמד דבר על חזקתו assume everything to remain unchanged (until a change is proven). Kethuboth 75ᵇ; and frequently—6) ה׳ על מדותיו (supply (understood word) עצמו), see above. Pi'el פִּעֵל עִמֵּד (supply (understood word) (supply (understood word) עצמו) to insist. Kiddushin 71ᵃ, see above. to place; participle passive מְעוּמָּד, which see ↗ original

*עֲמַד , to stay, dwell, see עֲמַר 2. Pa'el פִּעֵל עַמֵּד to place; participle passive מְעַמַּד. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 28, 13, see עֲתַר. ↗ original

עֹמֶד the preceding) stand. Tanchuma Vayiḳra 8 עמוד במקום עוֹמְדְּךָ stay where thou standest. ↗ original

עָמָד 1 (see עָמַד 2, urin-soaked dung. Bereshith Rabbah section 39 בית הע׳, see דָּהוֹן. ↗ original

עֶמֶך feminine, see עוּמָד ↗ original

עֲמָדָה 2 feminine = הַעֲמָדָה, which see ↗ original

עמדה , Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 9, 11ᵈ, see עֲמִידָה I, a. עֲמֵילָא. ↗ original

עַמָּה , see עַמָּא ↗ original

עֵמָּה , see עמָּא ↗ original

עָמֶה , see עמי ↗ original

עַמּוּד column, stand. Shemoth Rabbah section 1, ע׳ השן an ivory column. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᵃ אדם … ועומד אחורי הע׳ וכ׳ a man enters a synagogue and stands behind a stand praying silently, and the Lord listens. Babylonian Berachoth 28ᵇ (of R. Joḥănan) ע׳ הימיני thou right-hand pillar (compare I Kings 7, 21). Shemoth Rabbah section 2, end (referring to הנני, Exodus 3, 5) במקום עַמּוּדוֹ של עולם וכ׳ thou standest in the place of the pillar of the world; Abraham said, here am 1, and so dost thou; Tanchuma Sh’moth 19; and frequently—Transferred (see מַעֲמַד) the group of people belonging to the maʿămad. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 67ᵈ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 4, beginning 30ᶜ cylinder around which a scroll is rolled, handle. Yadayim 3, 4 אינו … עד שיעשה לו ע׳ does not make the hands unclean, until he fastens a handle to it. Bava Bathra 13ᵇ כדי לגול ע׳ blank margin wide enough to roll around the cylinder. the same place (ibid.) 14ᵃ ספר תורה … ועושה לו ע׳ אילך ואילך a scroll of the Law is rolled (on both sides) towards the middle of it, therefore it must have a handle on each side; Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᵈ; and frequently—plural עַמּוּדִים, עַמּוּדִין. the same place (ibid.)ᶜ top; Sanhedrin 22ᵃ, see וא"ו; and elsewhere ע׳ השחר the morning dawn. Berachoth 1, 1; and frequently the fecal mass in the rectum; also the jet of urine when being discharged. Berachoth 62ᵇ; 25ᵃ ע׳ החוזד וכ׳ a suppressed discharge produces dropsy. the same place (ibid.) כנגד ע׳ בלבד only in the sight of urine at its discharge; and elsewhere (bottom of the page) the central stalk of onions etc., the scape. ʿUktsin 1, 2 הע׳ שהוא מכוון וכ׳ the scape as far as it is surrounded by the edible part, the scape within the bulb; the same place (ibid.) 3 הע׳ שאינו מכוון וכ׳ that part of the scape which protrudes above the bulb.—[Bava Bathra 4, 5 עמודין, see עֲכִירִים.] ↗ original

עַמּוּד ² column, stand. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 19, 26. Targum Exodus 13, 22; and frequently—עמוד קריצתא = Hebrew עמוד השחר, see the preceding Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 32, 25.—Kethuboth 17ᵃ איפסיק ע׳ דנורא וכ׳ a column of fire was interposed between him and the rest of the world; the same place (ibid.) 77ᵇ; and frequently—plural עַמּוּדִין, עַמּוּדַיָּא, עַמּוּדֵי. Targum Ezekiel 42, 6. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 46, 28; and frequently—Berachoth 8ᵃ לא מצלו אלא ביני ע׳ וכ׳ they prayed only between the columns (or stands, of the building) where they used to study; the same place (ibid.) 30ᵇ. Bereshith Rabbah section 34, end; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 61, see מַזְגָּא 2; and frequently continuous flow, jet. Avodah Zarah 73ᵃ צירצור קטן דלא נפיש עַמּוּדֵיה a small bottle the jet from which is not large; חבית דנפיש עַמּוּדָהּ (not עמודיה, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 400) a jug whose jet is large. ↗ original

עַמּוּדָא 2 ʿAmmuda (Stand), near Cæsaræa. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 2, 22ᶜ bottom of the page פונדקא דע׳ the inn of ʿAmmuda. ↗ original

עַמּוֹן (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun gent. Ammon, a people descended from Ben Ammi, the son of Lot; mentioned chiefly in connection with Moab. Pesachim 119ᵃ בני ע׳. Yadayim 4, 3 ע׳ ומואב מעשרין וכ׳ Jewish inhabitants of the land of A. a. M. must give the poor man’s tithes in the Sabbatical years; Yevamoth 16ᵃ; Chagigah 3ᵇ. Gittin 38ᵃ; Chullin 60ᵇ, see סִיחוֹן; and frequently ↗ original

עַמּוֹנִי the preceding) Ammonite. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 28ᵈ top היין הע׳ שהוא קשה Ammonite wine which is strong; Babylonian Sanhedrin 106ᵃ. Yevamoth 8, 3. the same place (ibid.) 69ᵃ, and elsewhere עמוני ולא עמונית a converted male Ammonite is excluded from intermarriage, but not a female, see מוֹאָבִי; and frequently ↗ original

עמּוּם , see עִימְעוּם I ↗ original

עָמוּס , see עָמַס ↗ original

עָמוֹס (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Amos, the prophet. Makkoth 24ᵃ, see עָמַד. Vayikra Rabbah section 10, beginning שלחתי את ע׳ וכ׳ I sent Amos, and they named him Psellos (stammerer), see עָמַס; Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 1; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Naḥ., p. 125ᵇ; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 307. Nedarim 38ᵃ; and elsewhere ↗ original

עָמוֹק deep, low; (of color) light-shaded (which in the perspective looks lower, while the darker shade appears to protrude). Sifra Thazr., Nega'im, Chaldaic (Aramaic) I מה לשון עמוק עמוקה כמראה החמה שהם עמוקים מן הצל what does ‘deep’ (Leviticus 13, 2, and the following) mean? A depression, like the sun-lit spots (in a painting etc.), which have the semblance of being deeper than the shaded spots (which appear to be raised); Chullin 63ᵃ כמראה חמה העמוקה מן הצל; Tosefta Nega'im 1, 5 מראה ע׳ שבהן כמראה חמה בצל the lower shade among them is like the reflection of light on a shaded spot. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 3, 53ᵈ (explained אדמדם שבאדומים) זהורית ע׳ ‘low’ (light) crimson. Menachoth 5, 8, and elsewhere מרחשת ע׳ marḥesheth is a deep pan, see מַחֲבַת; and frequently—plural עֲמוּקִּים, עֲמוּקִּין; עֲמוּקּוֹת. Sifra the passage cited; and elsewhere—עֲמוּקָּה feminine (as a noun) depression. the same place (ibid.) ↗ original

עִמּוּר , see עִימּוּר ↗ original

עמורא , Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 9, 11ᵈ some edition, see עֲמֵילָא ↗ original

עֲמוֹרָאָה (denominative of עַמְרָא) wool-dealer.—plural עֲמוֹרָאֵי. Bava Bathra 22ᵃ (Manuscript Hamburg עַמְרוֹיֵי, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). ↗ original

עמי (compare עמם) to be dark, dim, faint. Tanchuma Yithro 13 קולו ע׳ וכהה the sound he produces becomes fainter and duller (the longer he blows); Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 284 קולו ע׳, opposite מגביה. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶעֱמָה to become faint. Tanchuma Haăz. 7 (play on עׄמׄיאל בן גׄמׄלׄי, Numbers 13, 12) העׄמׄה כחו … וגׄמׄלׄ וכ׳ his strength failed him, because he said …, and he brought it upon himself that he did not enter Palestine. ↗ original

עֲמֵי , to be dim; in a transferred sense to be faint, grieved. Targum Lamentations 4, 1 (edition Amsterdam edition עַמָּא). Targum Onkelos Leviticus 13, 6; 56 עָמָא edition Berlin edition (other edition עַמְיָא; Yerushalmi (prefix) עַמָּא). the same place (ibid.) 26 עָמְיָא edition Berlin edition (other edition, a. Yerushalmi (prefix) עַמְיָא).—Targum Isaiah 61, 3. Targum Ezekiel 21, 12 ותֶעְמֵי edition Vilna edition (edition Lagarde edition ותעימי, read ותִיעֲמֵי; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) ויִתְעֲמֵי, Ithpeel).—Targum Isaiah 59, 11 עָמֵינָא (edition Lagarde edition עמנא; edition Vilna edition עסינא; Hebrew text נֶהֱמֶה).—Echah Rabbah to 4, 1 איך עמא וכ׳ how has the gold become dim (transl. יועם the same place (ibid.)). Berachoth 53ᵇ דעַמְיָא ואזלא when the flame is growing dimmer and dimmer.—Chullin 38ᵃ ע׳ קלה her voice is getting fainter, opposite עבי is strong. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְעֲמֵי, אִיעֲמֵי to become faint, see above. ↗ original

עַמְיָא (the preceding) dimness, twilight. Ruth Rabbah to 1, 17 לעידן ע׳ (קטן וגדול) at twilight time; (Koheleth Rabbah to 9, 4 לעידן רמשא). ↗ original

עֲמִידָא (עָמַד Hif'il) [concrete,] urine-soaked dung. Bereshith Rabbah section 39, end, see דָּהוֹן; Yalkut Shimoni Joshua 17 עמירה (correct accordingly); Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 9, 11ᵈ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, 43ᵃ bottom of the page (correct accordingly to Yalkut Shimoni the passage cited).—[Ἀμίς, ίδα, which is referred to by Musafia in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) corresponds neither in form nor in meaning to our word.] ↗ original

עֲמִידָה 2 (עָמַד) standing, standing up. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 4, 28ᵇ עֲמִידַת ב"ד appearing before court (institution of proceedings). Shevuoth 30ᵇ בעדים … בע׳ as to witnesses before court, all agree that they must stand. the same place (ibid.) בעלי דינין בע׳ the parties must stand. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 3, 65ᶜ bot; Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 1, 57ᵇ top (referring to Leviticus 19, 32) … אני הוא עמידת זקן תחלה I (the Lord) was the first to observe the standing up before an old man (by referring to Genesis 18, 22, emended instead of, ‘And the Lord was yet standing before Abraham’, see תִּיקּוּן); Vayikra Rabbah section 35. Kethuboth 111ᵃ אל תרבה בע׳ וכ׳ do not stand too much, for standing is injurious to the heart. the same place (ibid.) 111ᵇ, see סְמִיכָה; and frequently; see יְשִׁיבָה.—plural עֲמִידוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 5, beginning 22ᵇ כל ע׳ שעמד וכ׳ as often as he stood before Ahiya his teacher, he considered himself as if standing before the Divine Presence.—2) putting up, erection. Bamidbar Rabbah section 12 המשכן נתקדש בע׳ ובפירוק וכ׳ the Tabernacle was consecrated by putting up and taking apart and by anointing. Yevamoth 106ᵃ עֲמִידָתָהּ, see יְשִׁיבָה.—plural as ab. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 1, 38ᵇ bottom of the page היה שם שבע ע׳ וכ׳ seven times was the Tabernacle (at its consecration) put up, and six times taken apart; and elsewhere endurance, existence. Bamidbar Rabbah section 2 אם אין … בסיד אין לו ע׳ וכ׳ unless thou puttest sand into the cement, it will not last; so the nations cannot exist without Israel; and elsewhere that part of the daily prayers which must be read standing, usually called תְּפִלָּה. Treatise Sof’rim 16, 12, see קָדוֹשׁ. ↗ original

עֲמִיטְתָא , see אֲמִיטְתָא ↗ original

עָמִיל (עָמַל; see עֲמֵילָה) well-worked dough; עֲמִילָן של טבחים dough which cooks use to place over the pot. Pesachim 3, 1, defined the same place (ibid.) 42ᵇ פת תבואה וכ׳ bread made of grain not yet one-third ripe, which is put over the pot to absorb the froth; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 29ᵈ מביא מלילות וכ׳ one takes ears not yet one-third full etc. Bava Metzia 86ᵇ הללו לע׳ של ט׳ (these quantities of flour) were used for the cooks’ dough only.—[Ἄμυλον, which is referred to by Musafia to Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), corresponds to our word neither in form nor in meaning (see Sachs Sachs, Beitrage 1, 148), besides this etymology is contradicted by פת עֲמֵילָה.] ↗ original

עֲמֵילָא (עֲמַל) hard worker. Bereshith Rabbah section 39, end תמן … לפועלא טבא ע׳ (not עמידה) there (at a certain) place they call a good working man ʿămela; Yalkut Shimoni Joshua 17; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 9, 11ᵈ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, 43ᵃ bottom of the page (correct accordingly); see דָּהוֹן, a. עֲמידָה I.—[Bava Metzia 15ᵃ ועמיליהון, see עַמְלָא.] ↗ original

עֲמֵילָה (עָמַל; see עָמִיל) well-worked; פת ע׳ well-kneaded bread. Pesachim 37ᵃ.—Shabbath 62ᵇ (in lascivious language) פת ע׳ an old prostitute, see סָעַד. ↗ original

עֲמִיסָה (עָמַס) loading. Shemoth Rabbah section 4, beginning (referring to נשאתי, Numbers 16, 15) אין נשיאה אלא לשון ע׳ the verb nasa means loading (i.e. Moses did not make any one’s ass carry his load). ↗ original

עַמִּיק = Hebrew עָמוֹק, deep, (of color) faint, light-shaded. Targum Leviticus 13, 3; and frequently—Transferred obscure, indistinct; profound. Targum Onkelos Exodus 4, 10 (Hebrew text כבד). Targum Isaiah 33, 19.—plural עֲמִיקִין, עֲמִיקֵי. Targum Proverbs 18, 4. the same place (ibid.) 25, 1. Targum Psalms 92, 6. Targum Ezekiel 3, 5 edition Lagarde edition (edition Vilna edition עִמְקֵי); and elsewhere—Fem. עֲמִיקָא, עֲמִיקְתָּא. Targum Proverbs 25, 3. the same place (ibid.) 22, 14 (edition Vilna edition עֲמִקְ׳); and elsewhere—Taanith 23ᵇ [read:] בדוכתא ע׳ צניעא (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 400) in a depressed, retired place. Bereshith Rabbah section 63; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 110 מילתא ע׳ הוא דין this (that the name Israel includes Abraham) is a deep word (because it explains Exodus 12, 40; see אִיסוֹפּוֹלִיטְיָא). ↗ original

עַמִּיק ² (the preceding; compare עָמוֹק) dark inflamed spot, rising, swelling. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 13, 43; the same place (ibid.) 10 (Hebrew text שאת), see עָמְקָא. ↗ original

עֲמִיקוּ , see עִמְקִי ↗ original

עֲמִיקְתָּא , see עַמִּיק I, 2. ↗ original

עָמִיר tuft, spike, especially ear of grain; (mostly collective) sheaves. Shabbath 7, 4 המוציא … ע׳ וכ׳ he who carries out ears (fit for fodder) as much as a lamb’s mouthful. Tosefta Demai 1, 17. Sifra K’doshim, Parah 1, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 3 leave for the poor תלתן בע׳ fenugrec in the spikes; Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 4, beginning 18ᵃ. Tosefta Shevi'ith 2, 13 פול המצרי שזרעו לע׳ Egyptian beans which one planted for the sake of the spikes (as fodder). Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 5, beginning 15ᵃ בשזרעו לע׳ (not משזרען) when he planted the fenugrec for the spikes, opposite לזרע. Tosefta Sukkah 1, 4, see פְּקִיעַ I; and frequently ↗ original

עָמִירָא Targum Amos 2, 13. Targum Micah 4, 12; and elsewhere—Targum Proverbs 27, 25 (Hebrew text חציר; see Syriac (Peshitta) עמיר, Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 2921). ↗ original

עמירה , Yalkut Shimoni Joshua 17, see עֲמִידָה I ↗ original

עָמִית , see עֲמָם) nationality, community; (supply (understood word) איש) masculine country-man, associate, fellow. Shevuoth 30ᵃ (explained עמיתך, Leviticus 19, 15) עַם שֶׁאִתְּךָ וכ׳ the people joined to thee in the Law and in duties. the same place (ibid.) עולא חבירנו ע׳ וכ׳ ‘Ula, our friend, fellowman in the Law etc. ↗ original

עָמֵל 1 (Biblical Hebrew) to labor, take pains; to be wearied. Devarim Rabbah section 11 זו היא שילום … שעָמַלְתִּי וכ׳ is this the payment for the service of forty years during which I worked hard, until they became a holy and faithful people? Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 950 מדבר בעוֹמְלֵי תורה it refers to those studying the Law industriously; Tanchuma edition Buber edition, Mick. 2 בעֲמֵלֵי; and frequently—participle or adjective עָמֵל; feminine עֲמֵלָה; plural עֲמֵלִים, עֲמֵלִין; עֲמֵלוֹת. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 2 מה המים … כל מי שהוא ע׳ בהן וכ׳ as water raises plants, so the words of the Law raise him who works at (studies) them sufficiently. Devarim Rabbah the passage cited ולא אמר בעֲמֵלֶיהָ … בעושיה and he (Moses) did not say (in his blessing, blessed be who delights) in those laboring to study it, or in those who meditate on it, but in those who do it. Berachoth 28ᵇ אני ע׳ והם ע׳ I wear myself out (in study), and they wear themselves out (in vanities). Avoth 2, 2 כל הע׳ עם הצבור יהיו ע׳ וכ׳ (variant reading העוסקים … עוסקים) all those who are engaged in public affairs must do their work for the sake of heaven (disinterestedly); and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל עִימֵּל to work through, knead, especially to stimulate and heat the body (see Hithpa'el). Shabbath 147ᵇ מפני שמְעַמֶּלֶת ומרפא (read with Alfasi: ומרפאת, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 10) because it (the mud of Dimsith) exercises the body and loosens (the bowels). Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעַמֵּל to be kneaded, have massage. the same place (ibid.) 22, 6 סכין … אבל לא מִתְעַמְּלִים וכ׳ you may have yourself ointed and rubbed on the Sabbath, but not kneaded or scraped. to wear one’s self out, especially to exercise (and heat) the body. Tosefta Peah 4, 10 Hillel bought for a poor man of good breeding סוס שהיה מִתְעַמֵּל בו a horse on which to take exercise; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 8, 21ᵃ bottom of the page להִתְעַמֵּל בו; (Kethuboth 67ᵇ לרכיב עליו). Tosefta Shabbath 16 (17), 22 אין רצין בשבת כדי להִתְעַמֵּל וכ׳ you must not run on the Sabbath for the sake of exercise, but you may walk in an ordinary way the entire day. ↗ original

עֲמַל 1 Targum Jonah 4, 13. ↗ original

עָמֵל 2 masculine, see עָמֵל I ↗ original

עָמָל the preceding words) toil, trouble; fruit of labor, achievement. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 90, 10 אפי׳ מלכותו ע׳ ואוו even man’s rulership is toil and vanity; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 841. Berachoth 17ᵃ אשרי מי … ועֲמָלוֹ בתורה blessed he that has been reared in the Law, and whose toil is in the Law. Bereshith Rabbah section 31 שהיתה … בעמלו של רשע a curse rested on the wicked man’s labor. Shemoth Rabbah section 22 שלא היה בעמלו גזל in whose acquired property there was no robbery; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 39 בית הע׳, see דָּהוֹן. ↗ original

עֲמַל 2 Targum Genesis 3, 17 (Hebrew text עצבין). Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 26, 7. Targum Psalms 7, 17 manuscript (edition לעותא); and elsewhere—Esp. acquisition, income, rent. Bava Bathra 67ᵃ מגבינן אפי׳ מע׳ דבתי we used to collect (the daughter’s share, see עִישּׂוּר) even from house rents; Kethuboth 69ᵃ (not דביתי; Rashi: דבֵיתֵיה).—plural עַמְלִין. Bava Metzia 15ᵃ אינון ועַמְלֵיהוֹן וכ׳ Rashi a. Tosafoth (edition ועמיליהון) (I vouch for) themselves (the lands), and the income from them and eventual improvements; [Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Tosafoth עמליהון the cost of acquisition, original value]. ↗ original

עֲמֵלָא , see עֲמֵילָא ↗ original

עֲמֵלָה , see עָמֵל I ↗ original

עָמַם see אָמַם) [to be pressed,] to be dim. Tosefta Shabbath 3, 2 גחלים שעָמְמוּ coals which have become dim (ceased to flame). Pesachim 75ᵇ; and elsewhere—the same place (ibid.); Shabbath 77ᵇ, and elsewhere עוֹמְמוֹת, see אָמַם. to press, quench. participle passive עָמוּם; feminine עֲמוּמָה, plural עֲמוּמוֹת. Vayikra Rabbah section 26 (referring to Ezekiel 10, 2). ששה … גחלים ע׳ בידו וכ׳ for six years these coals were kept quenched in Gabriel’s hand. Pu. פֻּעַל עוּמָּם to become dim. Yerushalmi (prefix) Orlah 3, 63ᵃ bottom of the page גחלי ערלה שעוּמְּמוּ וכ׳ (not גידולי … שעיממו) embers of Orlah wood are permitted for use. Pilp. עִמְעֵם (with (with על) to cover up, supress a case; to disregard the late, act irregularly (in an emergency). Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 9, 23ᵈ bottom of the page ולא … ועִימְעַמְנוּ על דינו and that having seen the murderer we have not let him go, or quashed his case. Bamidbar Rabbah section 9; Tanchuma Naso 7; Sifré Numbers 7 (referring to ונעלם, Numbers 5, 13) שלא … ומְעַמְעֵם not that her husband saw (her improper conduct) and covered it up (connived at it). Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 3, beginning 58ᶜ מְעַמְעֲמִין על הנראה לעברו ואין מעמעמין וכ׳ we may act irregularly (ignore the testimony), when the new moon has been seen (on the night of the twenty-ninth to the thirtieth day), if it is necessary to intercalate a day, but we must not ignore the law, when the new moon has not been seen in due time, in order to proclaim the New Moon Day (on the thirtieth day). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 8, 38ᵃ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, 3ᶜ bottom of the page, and elsewhere עִימְעֲמוּ עליה והתירוה they disregarded the law, and permitted it (the bread); עמעמו עליה ואסרוה they ignored the law (that permitted it), and forbade it. (compare הִבְהֵב) to be like embers; in a transferred sense a) to be undecided. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 5, end, 23ᵃ שלא ייראה דין זה יוצא מעמעם that the verdict in this case should not appear to go forth undecided (because the jury could not arrive at a majority of two against the defendant; Babylonian Sanhedrin 42ᵃ כדי שלא יצאו מבית דין מעורבבין).—b) to nod consent without showing anxiety. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 5, 9ᶜ bottom of the page, see הִבְהֵב. ↗ original

עֲמַם 1 , to be dim, see עֲמֵי. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְעֲמַם to be made or become dim. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 12, 2, and the following *. עַמְעֵם to make dim. Targum Isaiah 6, 10 (edition Lagarde edition טַמְטֵם), see טְמַם. ↗ original

עֲמָם = עַם, people.—plural עֲמָמִים, עֲמָמִין gentiles, especially the seven nations of Canaan. Bereshith Rabbah section 41, see אֱמוֹרִי; Tosefta Shabbath 7 (8), 23. the same place (ibid.) 25 ואין לך בכל הע׳ מתון וכ׳ of all the (seven) nations none is so patient as the Emorite. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 7, 36ᵇ bottom of the page אבותיך ירשו ארץ של שבעה ע׳ וכ׳ thy ancestors inherited a land of seven nations, and thou shalt conquer a land of ten nations. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 1, 17ᵇ top בשבעה … לאסור שבעה ע׳ in seven passages it is said, ‘thou shalt not make marriages with them’, … to prohibit the seven Canaanitish nations; Bamidbar Rabbah section 9; and frequently ↗ original

עֲמַם 2 , especially (= גּוֹי) gentile. Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 רבתי (חד מאת׳ 7) גמלא ע׳ the camel driver is a gentile.—plural עַמְּמַיָּא, עַמְּמִין, עַמְּמֵי. Targum Deuteronomy 32, 8 (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 אומיא). the same place (ibid.) 14, 2 (edition Berlin edition עַמְ׳, without Dagesh). Targum Psalms 69, 9 עממין (edition Lagarde edition a. other עַמִּין). Targum I Kings 8, 41; 43; and frequently—Yoma 71ᵇ (alluding to Sh’maya and Abtalion who were said to be descendants of Sennacherib) ייתון בני ע׳ לשלם may the sons of gentiles go in peace; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֲמַמְאִיתָא (the preceding) gentile woman. Targum 2 Esther 2, 9. ↗ original

עֲמָמִי (the preceding) gentile. Rosh Hashanah 20ᵃ אפשר בע׳ it may be done through a gentile.—plural עֲמָמִים, עֲמָמִין. Betzah 6ᵃ; 22ᵃ; Shabbath 139ᵇ יתעסקו בו ע׳ let gentiles attend to his burial. the same place (ibid.) (Chaldaic (Aramaic)) יתעסקון ביה עממין. ↗ original

עָמַס (Biblical Hebrew) [to press, be pressed,] to carry a load. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 8, 6 עוֹמְסֵי גרנות those who carry the crops to the granaries.—participle passive עָמוּס a) laden, heavy; ע׳ בלשונו of heavy tongue. Vayikra Rabbah section 10, beginning למה נקרא שמו עמוס שהיה ע׳ בלשונו he was named Amos, because he was a stammerer; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 307; (Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Nahum, Book of, p. 125ᵇ שהיה פסילוס וכ׳).—b) (in a secret letter) officer. Sanhedrin 12ᵃ עֲמוּסי וכ׳, see נַחְשׁוֹן. Pi'el פִּעֵל עִמֵּס to load.—participle passive מְעוּמָּס. Tanchuma P’ḳudé 3 והוא מע׳ מן בנים וכ׳ and he is laden (with troubles) on account of sons and daughters (depending upon him). ↗ original

*עֲמַס to press (the teeth together). Targum Job 16, 9 edition Lagarde edition a. other (manuscript variant reading עאס; edition Vilna edition עסי); see עֲסֵי. ↗ original

עִמְסוֹנִי (perh. frequently Amasia, in Pontus) ʿImsoni, surname of two Tannaim, Simon and Nahemia. Pesachim 22ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 14ᵇ bottom of the page ↗ original

עִמְסוֹנָיָיא surname of R. Jacob, an Amora. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 4, end, 9ᵈ ↗ original

עִמְעוּם , see עִימְעוּם ↗ original

עִמְעֵם , see עָמַם, עֲמַם I ↗ original

עָמַץ (see אָמַץ; compare עָמַס) to press. Pi'el פִּעֵל עִימֵּץ to close the eyes. Shabbath 23, 5 אין מְעַמְּצִין וכ׳ Mishnah edition (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition מאמצ׳; Babylonian edition 151ᵇ מְעַצְּמִין, Munich manuscript מעמ׳; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) notes) you must not close the eyes of a deceased on the Sabbath והמְעַמֵּץ עם יציאת וכ׳ (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition מא׳; Babylonian edition המעצים) and he who closes the eyes of a dying person etc. the same place (ibid.) (in Gemarah) המעמץ (Munich manuscript המאמץ). the same place (ibid.) 77ᵇ, see אָמַץ. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעַמֵּץ to be closed, to close itself. the same place (ibid.) 181ᵇ הרוצה שיִתְעַמְּצוּ עיניו וכ׳ Oxford manuscript a. early editions (Munich manuscript שתאמץ, incorr.; edition שיִתְעַצְּמוּ) he who wants to have the eyes of a deceased closed etc.; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 17, (18), 19 הרוצה לעַמֵּץ. the same place (ibid.) והן מתאמצות וכ׳; Shabbath the passage cited והן מִתְעַמְּצִין וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition מתעצמין) and they will close themselves, see אָמַץ. ↗ original

עֲמַץ , Pa'el עַמֵּיץ same. Betzah 22ᵃ דקא ע׳ ופתח for you closed and opened your eyes, see סִיעַ Chaldaic (Aramaic) Sanhedrin 110ᵃ top כל דחזי לה … ע׳ עינוי ואזיל Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (different interpretation or differently interpreted in edition) whoever saw her … closed his eyes and went off. ↗ original

עָמַק (Biblical Hebrew) to be depressed, deep. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶעֱמִיק to deepen. Shemoth Rabbah section 1 הֶעֱמִיקוּ עצה וכ׳ they laid deep plans that the Lord etc. to grow deeper. Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 302 (play on תפתה, Isaiah 30, 33) אף היא מתפתה … ומרחבת ומַעֲמֶקֶת it (Gehenna) likewise extends every day and becomes wider and deeper.—[Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 4 והיה מעמקו some edition, see עָקַם.] ↗ original

עֹמֶק , see עוֹמֶק ↗ original

עֵמֶק the preceding words) valley. Shevi'ith 9, 2 גליל העליון … והע׳ Upper Galilee, Lower Galilee, and the (Galilean) valley; תחום טבריא הע׳ the district of Tiberias is the valley (of Galilee). Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 7, 10 ההר והע׳ והשפלה the mountain land, the valley, and the lowland. the same place (ibid.) אוכלין מבהר על שבע׳ (in the Sabbatical year) you may eat the mountain fruits as long as the same kind is still to be had in the valleys. the same place (ibid.) הר והורו ע׳ ועִמְקוֹ וכ׳ mountain land and an elevation on it, a valley and a depression in it, lowland and a lower plain in it (are respectively subject to the same laws); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 10, 38ᵈ bottom of the page (correct accordingly). the same place (ibid.) מלוד עד הים ע׳ from Lydda to the sea is the valley (of Judæa), see שְׁפֵלָה; and frequently—plural עֲמָקִים. the same place (ibid.) סימן לע׳ תמרים the presence of palms indicates valleys; Tosefta the passage cited סימן לע׳ דקלים. proper noun of a place ʿEmeḳ, in the district of Tyre. Tosefta Shevi'ith 4, 9 (Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 2, 22ᵈ top אמון). ↗ original

עִמְקָא valley.—plural עִמְקַיָּא. Targum I Chronicles 27, 29 edition Lagarde edition (edition Rahmer עִמְקָאֵי, edition Vilna edition עִמְקָאַיָּה, dwellers in valleys). depth.—plural construct state עִמְקֵי. Targum Psalms 69, 3 (edition Vilna edition עָמְקֵי), see עוּמְקָא I.—[Targum Ezekiel 3, 5 עִמְקֵי, see עַמִּיק I.] ↗ original

עָמְקָא (see עַמִּיק 2) dark (inflamed) spot, rising, swelling(Hebrew . Targum Onkelos Leviticus 13, 2; 10; 19; 14, 56.—Constr. עֵימַק. the same place (ibid.) 13, 28 (manuscripts עוֹמַק, עוֹמֶק, עֲמַק).—plural עָמְקְוָון stains. Targum Amos 6, 4 (edition Lagarde edition עִימְקְוָון, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) עמקיין, עומקיין; edition Vilna edition עוּמְקִין; Hebrew text סרוחים; see Shabbath 62ᵇ ומסריחין ערסותם בשכבת זרע וכ׳). ↗ original

עִמְקָאָה = Hebrew עִמְקִי.—plural עִמְקָאֵי, עִמְקָאַיָּה, see עִמְקָא. ↗ original

עִמְקוּתָא (compare עוּמְקָנָא) trickery, insidiousness. Targum Hosea 7, 16 (Regia עֲקִימוּת; Hebrew text זעם). ↗ original

עִמְקִי (עֵמֶק) belonging to the valley. Kelim 26, 1 סנדל ע׳ sandals worn in valleys, Maimonides (others: made in K’far Imḳi, see below). Chullin 63ᵃ עורב הע׳, see עוֹרֵב. כְּפַר ע׳ proper noun of a place K’far Imḳi. Taanith 21ᵃ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition עמיקי, variant reading עמיקין; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 60). Tosefta Bava Kamma 8, 10 כ׳ עמאוקו edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading עמאייק, נימאייק); Bava Kamma 79ᵇ כפר עמיקון Munich manuscript (edition כפר עכג, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). ↗ original

עֲמִקְתָּא , see עַמִּיק I ↗ original

עָמַר to be thick, tufty.—Denom. עָמִיר. (compare חָמַר I) to heap up, pile. ʿUktsin 2, 5 והבצלים שעֲמָרָן, variant reading for שחמרן.—Denom. עוֹמֶר. Pi'el פִּעֵל עִימֵּר (denominative of עוֹמֶר) to bind and pile sheaves; to harvest. Peah 5, 8 המְעַמֵּר וכ׳, see כּוֹבְעָה, a. חֲרָרָה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᶜ top חרש זרע … קצר עי׳ וכ׳ he ploughed, he sowed …, he cut, piled up, threshed etc.; Babylonian Berachoth 58ᵃ עמר. Shabbath 7, 2. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 4, 18ᵈ bottom of the page בקוצר שורה ומעמר שורה when he cuts a row and puts it up in sheaves at a time; and frequently Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעַמֵּר (Biblical Hebrew) (with ב) to make one’s self the master of; to make use of a person as a servant. Sanhedrin 11, 1 (85ᵇ) (explained Deuteronomy 24, 7) אינו חייב עד שיכניסנו לרשותו he is not guilty of abduction, unless he brought the person to his own grounds; (other opinion) עד … וישתמש בו unless he brought the person to his own grounds and made use of him; Sifré Deuteronomy 273. ↗ original

עֲמַר 1 , Pa'el עַמֵּר Chaldaic (Aramaic) as the preceding Pi'el Targum Psalms 129, 7. ↗ original

עֲמַר 2 (Syriac (Peshitta) עמר Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 2918; Arab. ʿamar; compare עמד) to stay, dwell. Targum Proverbs 30, 28 עָמְרָא (edition Lagarde edition a. other עמדא). the same place (ibid.) 25, 24 מעמר edition Lagarde edition (edition Vilna edition מֶעְמַד). ↗ original

עֹמֶר , plural עְמָרִים, see עוֹמֶר. ↗ original

עֲמַר 3 (עמר 1, compare עָמִיר a. אִימַּר) = Hebrew צֶמֶר, wool. Targum Psalms 39, 12, see גַּרְדֵּם. Targum Deuteronomy 22, 11. Targum Leviticus 13, 48; and frequently—Chagigah 15ᵇ, see יוֹרֶה 2. Bava Bathra 74ᵃ, and elsewhere גבבא דע׳, see גְּבָבָא. Yoma 71ᵇ; Zevachim 18ᵇ; and frequently—גופנא(ד) ע׳ cotton, see גּוּפְנָא. ↗ original

עָמְרָא , see עיּמְרָא ↗ original

עַמְרוֹיֵי , see עֲמוֹרָאָה ↗ original

עַמְרָם (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a place Amram, father of Moses. Shabbath 55ᵇ. Shemoth Rabbah section 1; and frequently A., an Amora. Yerushalmi (prefix) Makkoth 1, beginning 31ᵃ רב ע׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 10, 39ᶜ (insert רב). ↗ original

עַמְרָנִיתָא (עַמְרָא) woolly, tufty substance. Shabbath 20ᵇ בע׳ דאית ביה it means the woolly substance in it, see שׂוּכָּא. the same place (ibid.) (explained אִידָּן, the same place (ibid.) 2, 1) ע׳ דביני ביני the woolly bast between (the bark and the wood of the willow); see עִירָנִיתָא ↗ original

עַמְּתוּ ʿAmm’thu (ʿAmmete, see Hildesh. Sachs, Beitrage, p. 48, note 335; Neubauer Geographie du Talmud, Paris 1868 p. 249). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 9, 38ᵈ bottom of the page צפון ע׳ the Biblical Zaphon (Joshua 13, 27) is ʿA. ↗ original

עַמְּתָן ʿAmm’than (probably same as the preceding). Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 82ᵃ ↗ original

עָן (see עָאן) small cattle, sheep; (mostly collect.) flock, fold. Targum Genesis 30, 31, and the following Targum I Samuel 17, 28; and frequently—Echah Rabbah to 1, 9, see בַּקְרוּתָא I.—plural עָנִין, עָנַיָּא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 32, 14 (edition Vienna edition ענון, correct accordingly). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 31, 43; and elsewhere—Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 6 [read:] והוה אבונן יעקב מעבר ע׳ דמלאכא מעבר וחוזר וכ׳ and our father Jacob transferred the angel’s sheep, again and again, and always found one more to take across (see Bereshith Rabbah section 77). ↗ original

עֲנָא , see עֲנֵי ↗ original

עָנַב (compare ענף) to intertwine, fasten by means of a loop, contradistinguished to קָשַׁר. Shabbath 113ᵃ לא יהא קושרו אלא עוֹנְבוֹ he must not knot (the broken rope) but loop it; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 12 (13), 16 עוֹנְבִין אותו. Shabbath the passage cited ובלבד שלא יַעַנְבֶנּוּ provided he does not fasten it with a loop. Tosefta Eruvin 11 (8), 19; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 10, 26ᶜ bottom of the page משלשל מלמעלן ועוֹנֵב וכ׳ he pulls the cord down and makes the loop at the bottom; Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 102ᵇ עוֹנְבָהּ; and frequently—participle passive עָנוּב; feminine עֲנוּבָה; plural עֲנוּבִים etc. Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 5, 6 קשור וע׳ if the handle is tied to the vessel with a knot or loop. Mechilta Yithro, Baḥod., section 3 הרי אתם קשורים ע׳ תפוסים you are now tied, looped, held fast (by the covenant); and elsewhere ↗ original

עֲנַב Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 28, 28 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition ויטכס׳; Hebrew text וירכסו).—Eruvin 97ᵃ לִיעַנְבִינְהוּ מִיעֲנַב let him fasten them with a loop. Sukkah 33ᵇ לִיעַנְבֵיה מיענב let him tie it (the Lulab) etc. Menachoth 38ᵇ לעַנְבָן כולהו בהדדי (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 40) to make a loop of all of them together; and elsewhere Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִיעֲנַב to be looped. the same place (ibid.) אלימי דלא מִיעַנְבֵי ואי הוו קטיני מיענבי if the threads are too thick to allow a loop, but long enough to be looped if they were thinner; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֵנָב common gender (Biblical Hebrew; the preceding) grapes with the tendrils, also berry. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 11, 42ᵈ קונם תאנה … ועוד ע׳ I swear that I will not taste figs and furthermore (after thirty days) grapes.—plural עֲנָבִים, עֲנָבִין; const. עִנְּבֵי, עִי׳. the same place (ibid.) Bereshith Rabbah section 19 סחטה ע׳ וכ׳ she (Eve) pressed grapes and gave him the juice to drink. Pesachim 49ᵃ משל לע׳ הגפן בע׳ הגפן (a marriage between a scholar and a scholar’s daughter is) like bunches of grapes combined with bunches of grapes; לע׳ הגפן בע׳ הסנה (a scholar married to an ignorant man’s daughter is) like a bunch of grapes with berries of thorns. Sanhedrin 99ᵃ יין המשומר בעֲנָבָיו מששת וכ׳ wine preserved in its grapes from the six days of creation (future reward of scholars); Berachoth 34ᵇ.—Sukkah 3, 2 ענביו מרובות מעליו if the berries on the myrtle exceed its leaves; and frequently (compare σταφύλωμα) a growth on the eye. Bechoroth 6, 2 ועֵינָב (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) וענב; Babylonian edition 38ᵃ עצב, correct accordingly); the same place (ibid.)ᵇ עצב (correct accordingly); Sifra Emor, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 2, Parah 3 עֵינָיו (Rab. ענב); see אֵינָב. ↗ original

עִנְּבָא cluster, grape. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 32, 14 (edition Vienna edition עִנְבָּא).—plural עִנְּבִין, עִנְּבַיָּא, עִנְּבֵי, עִי׳. Targum Genesis 40, 10; and frequently [O. edition Berlin edition עִנְּ׳ with Dagesh, other edition a. Yerushalmi (prefix) עִנְב׳, also עִנְבּ׳, a. עֲנָב׳.]—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) the same place (ibid.) 27, 25 חמרא דמיצטנע בעִינְבּוֹי (not בעינבויֵי) = יין המשומר בענביו, see the preceding—Nazir 34ᵇ; (38ᵃ); Bava Metzia 106ᵇ, see כְּרוּם Chaldaic (Aramaic) (compare next word) standing corn, fruits on the trees etc. Nedarim 62ᵃ הוו גנבו ליה עִינְּבֵיה (some edition עֲנִיבֵיה) they used to steal his crops; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 940 עילבי (correct accordingly). ↗ original

עֲנָבָה (the preceding) stalk of grapes. Kethuboth 111ᵇ מביא ע׳ אחת וכ׳ will bring in one stalk on a wagon or a ship … and will use its wood for cooking; ואין לך כל ע׳ וע׳ שאין וכ׳ and there will not be a stalk yielding less than thirty kegs of wine. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 6, 55ᵃ bottom of the page; and frequently—plural עֲנָבוֹת. the same place (ibid.); and elsewhere [ramified plants,] standing corn, fruit on the tree, crop. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 2, 20ᵇ bottom of the page (referring to 2 Samuel 23, 11, a. I Chronicles 11, 13) עדשים היו אלא שהיתה ע׳ שלהן יפה כשל שעורין it was a field of lentils, but their growth was as fine as that of barley; Ruth Rabbah to 2, 9 (Parah 5 beginning) עִנְּבוּתָן דּוֹמָה לשעורין (edition Vilna edition דומין, correct accordingly); (Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 20 שמלתם, read: שִׁבּוֹלְתָּם, see שִׁבּוֹלֶת; Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 165 היו גבוהים כשעורים).—Peah. 1, 2 לפי רוב הע׳ (variant reading in Maimonides) according to the quantity of the standing crop; [edition העֲנָוָה, Munich manuscript העֲנָיָה]. the same place (ibid.) 6, 7 כאילו היא ע׳ של שעורים Yerushalmi (prefix) edition (Mishnah a. Babylonian edition ענוה, Munich manuscript עניה) as if it were a crop of barley; see עֲנָוָה I. ↗ original

עֵנְבּוּל , see sub עֵינְ׳, עִינְ׳. ↗ original

עִנְּבוּת , see עֲנָבָה 2). ↗ original

עֵנַבְתָּא = Hebrew עֵנָב berry; a berrylike excrescence. Avodah Zarah 28ᵃ ההיא ע׳ פרוונקא וכ׳ an ʿenabta (carbuncle?) is a forerunner of the angel of death. the same place (ibid.) (as a remedy) ליתי ע׳ בת מינא וכ׳ let one get a berry of the same kind (in size and color), and roll it over etc. ↗ original

עָנַג (Biblical Hebrew) to be pliable, soft, tender.—[Bava Kamma 80ᵃ הענוגה Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word ענג 2, mistaken reading for העגונה, see עָגַן.]—Denom. עוֹנֶג. Pi'el פִּעֵל עִנֵּג to soften. Tosefta Maʿǎser Sheni 2, 1; Tosefta Terumoth 10, 4 מְענֶּגֶת שערה וכ׳ (variant reading מעגנת, מעגלת, see עָגַן, עָגַל) she may soften her hair by pressing it against her (the priest’s daughter’s) hair. (denominative of עוֹנֶג, with referring to Isaiah 58, 13, ‘and callest the Sabbath a delight’) to celebrate pleasurably, to enjoy. Shabbath 118ᵇ כל המְעַנֵּג את השבת וכ׳ to him who observes the Sabbath with enjoyments, his heart’s desires are granted. the same place (ibid.) במה מְעַנְּגוֹ wherewith does one make it enjoyable? Tanchuma Bereshith 2 עַנְּגֵהוּ enjoy it (the Sabbath). Pesikta Rabbati section 23, end ובשבת הם באים ומְעַנְּגִים (probably to be read: ומִתְעַנְּגִים) and on the Sabbath they come and enjoy themselves. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעַנֵּג to enjoy one’s self; to indulge in luxuries. the same place (ibid.) כל שהוא מִתְעַנֵּג בשבת שואל וכ׳ whoever enjoys the Sabbath may ask, and the Lord will grant (see above). Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 149 בא … הצדיקים מִתְעַנְּגִים come and see how the righteous enjoy luxuries (in the hereafter). the same place (ibid.) והם מתענגים ואומרים וכ׳ and they act like persons used to comforts, saying, it is impossible to sleep in this bed etc.; and elsewhere—[Devarim Rabbah section 7, end היו מתענגים וכ׳ they enjoyed themselves by rolling in the flavored grass; probably to be read: מִתְעַגְּגִים frequently עגג, see גִּעְגֵּעַ.] ↗ original

עֲנַג ; Pa'el עַנֵּיג to soften the skin by ointment, bathing etc.; to feel comfortable. Taanith 25ᵃ יהיבנא לך … דמְעַנְּגַת בהון I shall give thee, in the world to come, thirteen rivers of balsam oil clear as Euphrates and Tigris in which thou shalt find pleasure. to celebrate merrily. Tanchuma Bereshith 2 לעַנּוּגֵיה במאכל וכ׳ to celebrate it (the Sabbath) joyfully with eating etc. ↗ original

עֹנֶג , see עוֹנֶג ↗ original

ענד , Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 5, 5 שענדיהו כלי, read: שעוֹדֵיהוּ, see עוֹד ↗ original

עָנָה , see עני Hebrew a. Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original

עָנָו , see עָנָיו ↗ original

*עַנְוָא , construct state עֲנְוַת (see עֲנָוָה I) a divine grant, supply. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 16, 13 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אנחות).—[Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I the same place (ibid.) 15, 27 ענווא (some edition עניא), read: עֵינָא or עַיְינָא.] ↗ original

עֲנוּבָּא (עֲנַב) loop, noose.—plural עֲנוּבִּין, עֲנוּבַּיָּא, עֲנוּב׳. Targum Exodus 26, 4, and the following (edition Berlin edition עֲנוּבּ׳, Yerushalmi (prefix) edition עֲנוּב׳, also עִנּוּב׳); and elsewhere ↗ original

ענוביי , see עַכְמַאי ↗ original

עִנּוּג , see עִינּוּג ↗ original

ענָוָה 1 (עָנָה 1) divine response to prayer, yield, fertility; (Maimonides refers to Hosea 2, 23, and the following). Peah 1, 2; the same place (ibid.) 6, 7, see עֲנָבָה 2; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֲנָוָה 2 humility, lowliness, meekness, kindness. Sotah 9, 15 (49ᵃ) משמת רבי בטלה ע׳ וכ׳ with Rabbi’s death ceased humility and fear of sin. the same place (ibid.) 49ᵇ לא תיתני ע׳ דאיכא אנא do not read (in the Mishnah) ‘humility’, for there am I (striving after it). Arachin 16ᵇ ע׳ שלא לשמה humility not for its own sake (e.g. you forbear to rebuke a friend, making yourself believe that you are unworthy to do so, whereas in fact you only fear to incur your friend’s ill will). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 2, end, 47ᶜ קדושה מביאה לידי ע׳ ע׳ מביאה לידי יראת חטא holiness leads to meekness, meekness leads to fear of sin; Avodah Zarah 20ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) ע׳ גדולה מכולן humility is the greatest virtue of all. Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 7 למד בני ביתך ע׳ (not למוד) train the members of thy household to be kind (to strangers). Derekh Erets Zutta, Chaldaic (Aramaic) V הדר חכמה ע׳ הדר ע׳ יראה the beauty of wisdom is modesty, the beauty of modesty is fear of sin. Tanchuma Bresh. 1; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, 3ᶜ top, and elsewhere, see סוּלְיָיס; and frequently ↗ original

עַנְוָוא , see sub ענו׳ (with one Vav). ↗ original

עִנּוּי , see sub עִינּ׳. ↗ original

עֶנְוָן = Hebrew עָנָיו. Targum Proverbs 15, 33. the same place (ibid.) 16, 19; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᵇ ר׳ הוה ע׳ סגין Rabbi was extremely meek; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, 35ᵃ עינוון; (Bereshith Rabbah section 33 ענותן). Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 6, 23ᶜ bottom of the page ע׳ הוא סגי וכ׳ he is very kind and will believe thee; the same place (ibid.) 10, 28ᶜ; and frequently—plural עֶנְוָנֵי. Targum Proverbs 3, 34. ↗ original

עַנְוַת , see עַנְוָא ↗ original

ענותאי , see עִנְוְתָנָא ↗ original

עִנְוְתָן (formed frequently עֲנָוָה) = עָנָיו, humble, forbearing, kind. Sanhedrin 88ᵇ ע׳ ושפל ברך forbearing and low-kneed (polite). Shabbath 30ᵇ bottom of the page לעולם יהא אדם ע׳ וכ׳ one should always be meek (patient) like Hillel, opposite קפדן impatient; (Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 15 עָנָו). Shabbath 31ᵃ עי׳ הלל ינוחו וכ׳ O thou forbearing Hillel, blessings rest upon thy head; and frequently—plural עִנְוְתָנִין, עִנְוְו׳, עִינְ׳. Bava Metzia 84ᵇ bottom of the page שלשה ע׳ הן three persons are known for their humility. Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 7 בזמן … ענוותן ובני ביתו ע׳ וכ׳ when a man is kind (to strangers), and his household kind etc.; and elsewhere ↗ original

עִנְוְתָן ² Targum Numbers 12, 3. Targum Zephaniah, Book of 3, 12 (Hebrew text עני); and elsewhere—plural עִנְוְתָנִין, עִנְוְתָנַיָּא, עִנְוְתָנֵי, עִנְוְו׳, עִינְ׳. Targum Psalms 9, 13. the same place (ibid.) 19. the same place (ibid.) 69, 33; and frequently—Sanhedrin 11ᵃ and the following תא חזי מאי איכא בין תקיפי לע׳ בתראי … (Munich manuscript לענותאי) come and see the difference between the rigorous rulers of former days and the mild of these latter days. ↗ original

עִנְוְתָנוּת (the preceding) humility, patience, condescension. Megillah 31ᵃ כל מקום שאתה מוצא גדולתו … אתה מוצא עִנְוְותָנוּתוֹ wherever (in the Scriptures) you find a description of the greatness of the Lord, you also find a description of his condescension (towards the lowly). Shabbath 31ᵃ עינותנותו של וכ׳ Hillel’s patience brought us under the wings of the Divine Presence (caused us to embrace the Jewish religion); Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 15 עִנְיְתָנוּתְךָ הביאני וכ׳ (read: הביאתני) thy patience brought me etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 74; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Shimʿu, p. 116ᵇ, and elsewhere קפדנותן … ולא עִנְוְתָנוּתָן של בנים rather the angry mood of the fathers (Jacob) than the patience of the sons (David); and frequently—Sanhedrin 19ᵇ, and the following, see תּוֹקֶף. ↗ original

עִנְוְתָנוּתָא Targum Proverbs 18, 12 (manuscript עֵינְ׳). Targum Psalms 45, 5; and frequently—Sotah 40ᵃ מאי עִינְוְותָנוּתִיה וכ׳ what is known about R. Abbahu’s forbearance? Moed Katan 28ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original

עֵנטַב = עֵין טַב, see טַב 3 ↗ original

עני (Biblical Hebrew) [to turn, come out in turn,] to begin to speak; to respond; to speak or sing in chorus; to answer. Temurah 16ᵃ עׄתנׄיאׄלׄ שעֲנָאוׄ אׄלׄ he was surnamed Othniel, because God answered his prayer (referring to I Chronicles 4, 10). Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 5, 20ᶜ top והן עוֹנִין אחריו על כל דבר ודבר and they (the class) repeat each sentence after him; משה … והן עונין אחריו אשירה Moses said, I will sing etc., and they repeated in chorus, I will sing etc. the same place (ibid.) משה אמר עזי והן עונין וכ׳ Moses said, My strength etc., and they responded, I will sing etc. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 6, 2 ועונין על כל עינין ועינין and they (the class) repeat each sentence. the same place (ibid.) 3 ועונין אחריו עינין ראשון and they (the people) always repeated the first sentence (as refrain). Sukkah 38ᵇ מצוה לַעֲנוֹת הללויה it is proper to say in response Halleluiah. Moed Katan 3, 9 כולן עוֹנוֹת כאחת all start the dirge at once; אחת מדברת וכולן עונות אחריה one speaks, and all repeat in chorus after her, see עִינּוּי I. Berachoth 47ᵃ עד שיכלה אמן מפי העוֹנִים until the Amen of the responding company is finished. Pesachim 36ᵃ לחם שעונין וכ׳, see עוֹנִי. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 3, 54ᵃ top אם בירכך גוי עֲנֵה אחריו אמן if a gentile blesses thee, say after him Amen; and frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נַעֲנֶה to be answered, to have one’s prayer granted. Shabbath 30ᵃ וכשאמר זכור … מיד נ׳ but when he said, Remember etc. (Exodus 32, 13), his prayer was at once granted. Rosh Hashanah 18ᵃ זה התפלל ונ׳ וכ׳ one prays and is heard, another prays and is not heard; Koheleth Rabbah to 9, 11, see פָּגַע. Bereshith Rabbah section 60 [read:] שלשה הם שנַעֲנוּ במענה פיהם three persons (mentioned in the Scriptures) were answered as soon as they had uttered their prayer; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 108; and frequently to be called upon to speak; to answer, to deliver an opinion. Kiddushin 40ᵇ נ׳ ר"ט ואמר וכ׳ R. Ṭ. (being asked his opinion) answered saying etc.; נַעֲנוּ כולם ואמרו וכ׳ all of them in turn answered saying etc.; Sifré Deuteronomy 41; Moed Katan 28ᵇ (at a mourner’s house); and frequently [to be made to respond Amen,] to be sworn; to promise allegiance. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 2, 23ᵃ top הוא נ׳ לחבורה … נַעֲנִין לו he (the head of the house) promises allegiance to the order (see חֲבֵרוּת), and the members of his house make the promise to him. Pi'el פִּעֵל עִינָּה to speak or sing in chorus, especially to lament. Moed Katan 3, 9, מְעַנּוֹת, see עִינּוּי I. ↗ original

עֲנֵי Targum 2 Esther 6, 10. Targum I Kings 12, 7.—Targum Psalms 34, 5 (manuscript עַנְיָינִי). the same place (ibid.) 102, 3; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 3, 54ᵃ top מה נַעְנֵי what shall we say in response? the same place (ibid.) ר׳ יונה ע׳ הכין והכין R. J. responded, so be it, and so be it. Avodah Zarah 18ᵃ bottom of the page אימא אלהא דמאיר עֲנֵנִי say, O God of Meïr, hear me; and frequently—[Menachoth 17ᵃ עני מרי, see עֲנֵי 2.] Pa'el פִּעֵל עַנֵּי to speak or sing in chorus; to respond. Targum Onkelos Exodus 15, 21. Targum 2 Esther 6, 11. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְעַנֵּי, Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְעֲנֵי, אִיעֲנֵי to be answered. Targum Onkelos Exodus 19, 19. Targum Proverbs 21, 13 נתעני edition Vilna edition (edition Lagarde edition נַעֲנוֹי will answer him; Hebrew text יֵעָנֶה).— (euphem.) to be gratified, be eased. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 3, 34ᶜ bottom of the page ההן דאזיל ולא מִתְעַנֵּי … he who went out to ease his bowels without success; [perhaps to be read מתפני, see פְּנֵי?] ↗ original

עני ² to press, be pressed; to be detained. Pi'el פִּעֵל עִינָּה to detain, postpone, especially ע׳ דין to delay execution of capital judgment (which should take place on the day of sentence). Sanhedrin 11, 4 (89ᵃ) אין מְעַנִּין את דינו של וכ׳ we must not put off his execution (opposite to the opinion משמרין אותו). the same place (ibid.) 35ᵃ וליגמריה … נמצא אתה מְעַנֶּה את דינו shall we pass sentence on Friday and put him to death on Sunday? In such a case you would postpone his execution (against the law); see עִינּוּי 2. to cause privation; to cause to fast. Yoma 77ᵇ (referring to ויענה, Genesis 34, 2) התם שעִינָּהּ מביאות וכ׳ this may be interpreted, that he deprived her of other connections. the same place (ibid.) 8, 4 התינוקות אין מענין אותן וכ׳ we must not let children fast on the Day of Atonement, see חָנַךְ; and elsewhere—participle passive מְעוּנֶּה fasting. Tosefta Taanith 2, 7; Eruvin 41ᵃ כדי שלא יכנס לשבת כשהוא מע׳ that he may not begin the Sabbath fasting; Tanchuma Bereshith 2.– to afflict, oppress, wrong. Mechilta Mishpatim, section 18 (referring to Exodus 22, 22) עד שיְעַנֶּה וישנה until he practices oppression repeatedly; and elsewhere—participle passive מְעוּנֶּה; plural מְעוּנִּין. Yevamoth 48ᵇ מפני מה גרים בזמן הזה מע׳ וכ׳ why are the proselytes of our days afflicted and subject to suffering? to violate, outrage. Bamidbar Rabbah section 9 (referring to Micah 2, 9) שהיו מְעַנִּים נשי וכ׳ they violated married women and caused them to be forbidden to their husbands. Vayikra Rabbah section 19; and frequently—Mechilta the passage cited; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 349 אם כשלא תְעַנּוּן את הדין וכ׳ if your wives will be spared from widowhood and your children from bereavement, because you do not violate justice, how much more, when you execute justice. Nif'al נִפְעַל נַעֲנֶה to be afflicted, oppressed. Mechilta the passage cited אלמנה … שדרכן לֵעָנוֹת בהן וכ׳ widows and orphans who are liable to be oppressed,—of them the text speaks (Exodus 22, 21); Yalkut Shimoni the passage cited שדרכן לֵיעָנוֹת (not שדרכו). to humble one’s self; to submit to a person’s discretion, beg pardon. Berachoth 28ᵃ נַעֲנֵיתִי לך מחול לי I submit myself to thee, forgive me. Pesikta Rabbati section 38 נעניתי לו I beg his pardon. Yoma 22ᵇ נעניתי לכם עצמות וכ׳ I beg your pardon, bones of Saul!; Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 117 נעניתי לך שאול וכ׳. Kethuboth 67ᵇ נעניתי לך קום אכול I beg of thee, get up and eat. Tosefta Oholoth 5, 12 נמיתי לכם עצמות וכ׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (other edition נמתי, read נעניתי) I beg your pardon, bones of etc. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעַנֶּה, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְעַנֶּה to be afflicted, suffer. Sifré Deuteronomy 130 שנִתְעַנּוּ, see עִינּוּי 2. to afflict one’s self, to fast. Berachoth 8ᵇ (referring to Leviticus 23, 32) וכי בתשעה מִתְעַנִּין do men fast on the ninth (of Tishri)? Rosh Hashanah 18ᵇ אין גזרת … רצו מתענין when there is no political persecution, but no peace, those who wish may fast etc. Eruvin 41ᵃ והִתְעַנִּינוּ בו ולא וכ׳ we fasted, but not to the end of the day; and frequently Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶעֱנִי (denominative of עָנִי) to become poor. Kethuboth 6, 6. Berachoth 33ᵃ חזרו והֶעֱנוּ when they (the Jews) became poor again. Meïl. 17ᵃ מי שיש לו אויב יַעֲנִי או יעשיר if one has an enemy, does one wish him to be poor or rich?; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֲנֵי ² Pa'el פִּעֵל עַנֵּי to tarry, be detained, late. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 1, 16ᵈ bottom of the page חד זמן ע׳ דריש once he (R. Meïr) was long in preaching (preached to a late hour, or came late); Bamidbar Rabbah section 9 אִיעַנֵּי דרשה (Ithpaal, read דָּרוֹשָׁה or דָּרְשָׁא); Vayikra Rabbah section 9 תנתא מדרשא (correct accordingly). Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 3, 65ᶜ bottom of the page חד זמן ע׳ מיסק (not מסיק) once he was late in coming; (Kethuboth 62ᵇ משכתיה שמעתא); and elsewhere—עַנִּי מרי be slow, my lord (a respectful form of interrupting and introducing an objection or correction). Menachoth 17ᵃ ע׳ מ׳ משמיה דרב וכ׳ beg pardon, sir; (do you mean to say) ‘in the name of Rab?’ Said he, yes. the same place (ibid.) 81ᵃ ע׳ מ׳ ארבעין וכ׳ beg pardon, he deserves forty lashes (for exchanging sacrifices), and yet his act is legal?; Sanhedrin 26ᵇ ע׳ מ׳ ארבעין … וכשר he deserves forty lashes, and yet his testimony is admissible? Bava Kamma 49ᵇ ע׳ מורי וכ׳; [Rashi interprets: give answer, my lord, see עֲנֵי I]. to afflict, oppress. Targum Onkelos Exodus 22, 21, and the following the same place (ibid.) 1, 12 מְעַנַּן (Yerushalmi (prefix) מְעַנְיַין); and elsewhere—participle passive מְעַנֵּי; plural מְעַנָּן. Targum Isaiah 53, 4. to violate. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 22, 24 (edition Amsterdam edition עָנֵי, correct accordingly); and frequently (with, or supply (understood word) נפשא) to afflict one’s self, fast. Targum Lamentations 3, 33 (edition Amsterdam edition עָנֵי). Targum Leviticus 16, 31; and frequently—participle passive as ab. Tanchuma Bereshith 2 בשבת גופא לא מע׳ he does not fast on the Sabbath itself. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְעַנֵּי, אִיעַנֵּי to be delayed. Bamidbar Rabbah section 9, see above. to be afflicted, suffer; to fast. Targum I Kings 2, 26. Targum Zechariah 7, 5; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 3, 6ᵇ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 7, 56ᵃ bottom of the page בעי מזקפוניה ואשכחוניה איע׳ they wanted to help him up, but found that he was suffering; Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 2 (not איע׳ בדבורא).—4) to be violated. Targum Lamentations 5, 11. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִיעֲנִי to become poor. Taanith 23ᵇ אמר לִיעֲנוּ ואִיעֲנוּ he said, let them become poor, and they became poor. ↗ original

עֹנִי masculine, see עוֹנִי ↗ original

עַנִּי Chaldaic (Aramaic) = Hebrew עֹנִי. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 16, 3 edition Berlin edition (other edition עָנִי, עֹנִי, עוֹנִי). ↗ original

עָנִי [afflicted, humble,] poor. Shabbath 1, 1, and the following, see בַּיִת.—מעשר ע׳, see מַעֲשֵׂר.—Nedarim 64ᵇ, and elsewhere ארבעה ע׳ סומא וכ׳ … four classes of people are as if dead, the poor man, the blind etc. the same place (ibid.) 41ᵃ אין ע׳ אלא בדיעה only he is poor who lacks knowledge. Kethuboth 68ᵃ ע׳ בדעת poor in disposition, illiberal, niggardly. Pesachim 118ᵃ (explained Psalms 118, 1) שגובה … עשיר בשורו ואת ע׳ בשיו he collects the debt of man out of the good bestowed upon him, taking from the rich man his ox, from the poor man his lamb. Vayikra Rabbah section 34, see יַעַן. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᵇ ואם היה ע׳ כופר בו but if his relative is poor, he disowns him; and very frequently—plural עֲנִיִּים. Shemoth Rabbah section 31 (referring to Exodus 22, 24) אמרו … ומי הם עמך אמר להם הע׳ Israel asked the Lord, and who are thy people? Said he to them, the poor. Avoth 1, 5 ויהיו ע׳ בני ביתך let the poor be members of thy household. Bava Metzia 71ᵃ (referring to Exodus the passage cited) עֲנִיֶּיךָ ועֲנִיֵּי עירך וכ׳ as between thy own poor (relatives) and the poor of thy town, thy own poor have the first claim etc. Kethuboth 106ᵇ אף לא בשל ע׳ neither may you trade with funds designed for the poor. Peah 1, 2 לפי רוב הע׳ according to the number of poor (dependent on the field corners, פֵּאָה); and very frequently—Fem. עֲנִיּה, עֲנִיָּיה. Kethuboth 62ᵇ ע׳ זו לשוא שימרה this poor woman has been waiting (for her husband) in vain. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 9, 33ᵃ top מה נעשה באותה הע׳ what has been done in that poor woman’s case? Bereshith Rabbah section 60 פתחו לאותה הע׳ open the gate for the poor animal; and frequently ↗ original

עַנְיָא Targum Exodus 22, 24. Targum Psalms 10, 2 (manuscript עֲנִיָה). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 16, 3 לחמא ע׳ poor bread (Hebrew text לחם עֹנִי); and frequently—Shabbath 155ᵇ לית דע׳ מכלבא וכ׳ none is poorer than the dog, none richer than the swine. Bava Kamma 92ᵃ, and elsewhere (proverb) בתר ע׳ אזלא עניותא poverty follows the poor, i.e. the poor man is always under a disadvantage. Kethuboth 106ᵇ (managers must not trade with the poor fund) דילמא מתרמי להו ע׳ וכ׳ lest the case of a poor man come up before them, and they have no cash to give him; and frequently—plural עֲנִיֵּי. Targum Psalms 12, 6. the same place (ibid.) 10, 12 manuscript (edition עִנְוְתָנֵי). Targum Proverbs 31, 5; and frequently—[Targum Psalms 41, 2 לעניי, see עִנְיָנָא.]—[עניא, Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Exodus 15, 27 some edition, read: עֵינָא.] ↗ original

עֲנִיבָא , see עִנְּבָא ↗ original

עֲנִיבָה 1 (עָנַב) fastening with a loop, opposite קשירה with a knot. Pesachim 11ᵃ; Shabbath 113ᵃ; Sukkah 33ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֲנִיבָה 2 , berry; ע׳ דפילא elephant’s berry, name of a plant the stalk of which is quadrangular. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 3, 34ᵈ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 5, end, 52ᵃ אביבא דפ׳ (read: אֲנִיבָא); Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 3, 37ᵈ bottom of the page ארכובה דיעלא (probably to be read: דפילא) elephant’s foot (elephantopos). ↗ original

עֲנָיָה , see עֲנָוָה I ↗ original

עֲנִיָּה 1 , fem. of עָנִי. ↗ original

עֲנִיָּה 2 ‘Ăniya Anathoth. Targum Isaiah 10, 30. ↗ original

עָנָיו submissive, meek, kind, patient. Berachoth 6ᵇ אי ע׳ אי חסיד וכ׳ woe for the loss of the meek, … of the pious man, the disciple of Abraham!; Sotah 48ᵇ. Kiddushin 71ᵃ אין מוסרין אותו אלא למי שצנוע וע׳ we do not communicate it (the Divine Name) except to one who is chaste and meek; and frequently—plural עֲנָוִים. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 3, 66ᶜ ענן שהוא עושה בריות ע׳ אלו לאלו the cloud is named ʿanan, because it (the rainfall) makes men kind to one another; Bereshith Rabbah section 13; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 20; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 883 עניים (variant reading ענוים). Sukkah 29ᵇ; and frequently—5. עִנְוְתָן. ↗ original

עֲנִיּוּת (denominative of עָנִי) misery, poverty; stint. Shabbath 33ᵃ; Kiddushin 49ᵇ סימן לגסות (הרוח) ע׳ poverty is a symptom of haughtiness (haughtiness will be followed by poverty). the same place (ibid.) מאי ע׳ ע׳ דתורה the poverty (of the Babylonians) means poverty of the Law (ignorance). Shabbath 102ᵇ; Kethuboth 106ᵇ, and elsewhere אין ע׳ במקום עשירות there must be no stint where there is wealth, i.e. you must not be small in large affairs. Shemoth Rabbah section 31 אלו נתקבצו … והע׳ לצד אחר הע׳ וכ׳ if all suffering were gathered on one side, and poverty on the other, poverty would outweigh all. the same place (ibid.) אמר הקב"ה … עֲנִיּוּתוֹ וכ׳ the Lord says (to the usurer), is not this man’s poverty enough, that thou etc.?; and frequently—Esther Rabbah introduction (play on באניות, Deuteronomy 28, 68) בע׳ ממעשים טובים in thy want of good deeds.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 3, 64ᵇ top בעֲנִיּוּתֵינוּ צריכה וכ׳ according to our poverty (of mind), she requires a letter of divorce from him. ↗ original

עֲנִיּוּתָא Targum Psalms 88, 10 edition Lagarde edition (edition Vilna edition עַנִיתָא; other עַנִּיתָא). Targum Job 30, 16.—Bava Kamma 92ᵃ, and elsewhere אזלא ע׳, see עַנְיָא. Chullin 105ᵇ משום דקשי לע׳ because it is bad, for (it begets) poverty. the same place (ibid.) שרא דע׳ the genius of poverty; Pesachim 111ᵇ, see אִיסְרָא 2. Shabbath 140ᵇ בעֲנִיּוּתִי when I was poor; and frequently ↗ original

עֲנִיָּיה , see עֲנִיָּה ↗ original

עֲנָיָיה , see עֲנָיָה ↗ original

עִנְיָין , see sub עִנְיָ׳ (with one י). ↗ original

ענים , Pesikta Rabbati section 23, see עַכּוֹ ↗ original

עִנְיָן [answer, corresponding affair,] correspondence, relation; subject, object, affair, idea. Sifra introduction שהוא כעִנְיָנוֹ in keeping with the general subject to which it is related, see טָעַן I; שלא כענינו out of relation to the general subject. Kiddushin 6ᵃ והוא שעסוקין באותו ע׳ provided they are engaged in conversation on that subject (of marriage). the same place (ibid.) מע׳ לע׳ באותו ע׳ when their conversation changed from one point to another all, however, having relation to that subject (of marriage, e.g. about dowry, about the man’s financial condition). Bava Bathra 114ᵃ כל זמן שעוסקין באותו ע׳ so long as the judges are engaged in that case (of donation), opposite כל זמן שיושבין so long as they are in session. Kiddushin 43ᵃ אם אינו ע׳ לגופו תנהו ע׳ לכל וכ׳ if it (that word ההוא in the text) has no bearing on the subject itself (because a previous ההוא has already intimated the exclusion of a messenger), make it bear on all laws of the Torah (that you cannot authorize a deputy for an unlawful act). Tosefta Megillah 4 (3), 5 [read:] בבית הוועד שואלין לעִנְיַין הפסח וכ׳ in the school house the subject of Passover laws is discussed thirty days (before the festival). Tosefta Sotah 6, 2, see עָנָה I. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 10 (referring to Numbers 27, 1-11, a. 12-23) וכי מה ע׳ זה לזה what relation is there between these two subjects?; and very frequently—plural עִנְיָנוֹת, עִנְיָי׳, עִי׳. Tosefta Megillah the passage cited מדלגין מע׳ הפסח הכתובין בתורה variant reading edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (edition בעניין, correct accordingly) they skip (make selections) from the Scriptural passages relating to Passover. Tosefta Shabbath 13 (14), 4 ברכות אע"פ וע׳ הרבה שבתורה וכ׳ … benedictions (prayers), even if there be in them some of the letters of the Divine Name and many selections from the Torah, should not be saved from fire (on the Sabbath); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 16, 15ᶜ; Treatise Sof’rim 15, 4. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 4, 55ᵃ bottom of the page מה פליגין כשהפליגו דעתן לע׳ אחרים in what case do they differ? When they had turned their mind to other points, opposite to עסוקין באותו עניין (see above); Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 6, 47ᵈ bottom of the page (correct accordingly). ↗ original

עִנְיָנָא Targum Psalms 19, 5 מתח עִנְיָנְהוֹן (edition Lagarde edition עִנְיָנֵיהוֹן, plural) the extension of their purpose.—Nedarim 51ᵃ אמר ליה כי ע׳ קדמאה he said to him something similar to the first proposition (‘let thy wife offer me a measure of wine’); עיביד כי ע׳ קדמאה do according to the first proposition. Bava Bathra 9ᵃ עבדי ע׳ בהדי הדדי וכ׳ made an arrangement between themselves that etc. the same place (ibid.) 114ᵃ and the following דיסליקו מע׳ לע׳ they turned from one affair to another; and frequently—plural עִנְיָנִין, עִנְיָי׳, עִי׳. Targum Song of Songs 1, 11 סכום ע׳ וכ׳ the sum of their various interpretations is forty-nine. Targum Psalms 41, 2 לעִנְיָינֵי מסכנא manuscript (edition לעניי, correct accordingly) to the affairs (needs) of the poor (compare Vayikra Rabbah section 34, quoted under the word זָכָה). ↗ original

עִנְיָנִי ʿInyani. Koheleth Rabbah to 3, 11 ע׳ בר נחשון; (Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 3, 40ᵈ bottom of the page אינייני בר סוסי). ↗ original

עָנִיץ , see אָנִיץ ↗ original

עַנִּיתָא , see עֲנִיּוּתָא ↗ original

עָנַן (Biblical Hebrew), Pi'el עִנֵּן to make cloudy. participle passive מְעוּנָּן; יום המע׳ a cloudy day. Nega'im 2, 2. Yoma 28ᵇ; and frequently—[Polel עוֹנֵן, see עוּן.] ↗ original

עֲנַן 1 (the preceding) to gather clouds. Targum Onkelos Genesis 9, 14 בעֲנָנוּתִי. Pa'el פִּעֵל עַנֵּין to augur from clouds. Targum 2 Kings 21, 6. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 19, 26 תְעָנוֹן edition Berlin edition (other edition תְעַנּוּן, contracted of תְעַנְּנוּן; manuscript 2 תְעוֹנְנוּן, Pol. of עוּן).—5. מְעָנֵין, a. עָנְנָא. ↗ original

עָנָן 1 Anan, an Amora, disciple of Samuel. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, beginning 5ᶜ. Kethuboth 69ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original

עָנָן 2 (Biblical Hebrew) cloud, frequently used in the sense of cover protection. Bereshith Rabbah section 60 כל זמן … היה ע׳ קשור וכ׳ as long as Sarah lived, a cloud was tied over the entrance of her tent; וכיון שמתה פסק אותו ע׳ and when she was dead, that cloud ceased. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 6 וימינו זה עֲנַן שכינה וכ׳ … ‘and his right hand embraces me’, that means the cloud of the Divine Presence in the future world (with referring to Isaiah 60, 19). Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 3, 66ᶜ, see עָנָיו; and frequently—plural עֲנָנִים. Taanith 9ᵇ (referring to Genesis 2, 6) מלמד שהע׳ מתגברים וכ׳ this teaches that the clouds (like a hose) swell and rise to the sky, and there open their mouth like a hose and receive the rain water; Bereshith Rabbah section 13. the same place (ibid.) אין ע׳ אלא מלמעלה clouds (like a hose to receive the waters) come from above (referring to Daniel 7, 13); אין ע׳ אלא מלמטה the clouds come from below (referring to Psalms 135, 7); Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 1, 52ᵇ bottom of the page; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 883. Rosh Hashanah 3ᵃ (referring to Numbers 21, 1) שמע … ונסתלקו עַנְנֵי כבוד he heard that Aaron was dead, and the clouds of glory were removed. Tanchuma R’eh 16 משיב רוחות ומעלה ע׳ ומוריד וכ׳ causes the winds to blow, and the clouds to rise, and the rains to come down; and frequently ↗ original

עֲנַן 2 Targum Isaiah 44, 22. Targum Job 7, 9 manuscript (edition תננא). Targum Onkelos Leviticus 23, 43 עֲנָנִי edition Berlin edition (other edition עננין); and frequently—Berachoth 59ᵃ דקטר בע׳ when the sky is covered with a light cloud, opposite עֵיבָא. the same place (ibid.) דבריק בע׳, see בְּרַק I. Bereshith Rabbah section 13 כך הקב"ה … אייתי עֲנָנִיךְ וקבל וכ׳ so the Lord says to the earth, bring thy cloud (hose, see the preceding) and receive the rain; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 883; and frequently—plural עֲנָנִין, עֲנָנַיָּא, עֲנָנֵי. Targum 2 Samuel 22, 12. Targum Isaiah 45, 8. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 21, 1 ע׳ דיקרא (= ענני כבוד, see the preceding); and frequently—Berachoth the passage cited (explained רעמים, the same place (ibid.) 9, 2) ע׳ בגלגלא clouds (rolling) in the sphere; (other opinion) ע׳ דשפכי מיא וכ׳ clouds (bottles, see the preceding) that empty the waters from one to the other; the same place (ibid.) ע׳ חלחולי וכ׳, see חַלְחֵל; בריק ברקא ומנהמי ע׳ וכ׳ the lightning flashes and the clouds rumble, and then comes the rain. Taanith 25ᵃ שמעינהו לע׳ דאמרי נשדי מיטרא וכ׳ Munich manuscript (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) overheard the clouds say, let us cast rain on Ammon etc. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 8 כד אינון נקיין מן ע׳ (some edition עֲנָנָן, feminine) when the heavens are cloudless; and frequently ↗ original

עָנְנָא (עֲנַן 1) interpreter of clouds, augur.—plural עָנְנִין. Targum Isaiah 2, 6. Targum Jeremiah 27, 9 עָנְנֵיכוֹן edition Lagarde edition (other edition עוֹנְנֵי׳). ↗ original

עֲנָנוּתָא , see עֲנַן I ↗ original

עָנָף common gender (Biblical Hebrew; ramification, branch, foliage; locks. Menachoth 42ᵃ אין ציצית אלא ע׳ tsitsith (Numbers 15, 38, and the following) means locks (fringes), as we read (Ezekiel 8, 3) etc. Sifra Emor, Parah 12, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 16 (referring to עץ עבת, Leviticus 23, 40) את שעֲנַף עצו דומה וכ׳ (not עצן), see עָבוֹת; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Ul’kaḥ., p. 183ᵇ עץ שע׳ עצו (correct accordingly).—plural עֲנָפִים. Sukkah 32ᵇ שעֲנָפָיו חופין וכ׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 53ᶜ bottom of the page, see עָבוֹת. the same place (ibid.) ענפיו חופות וכ׳ its (the Zargunah’s) foliage covers the largest portion of it, but forms no veil; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֲנַף Targum Ezekiel 17, 8. Targum Isaiah 17, 6 (edition Lagarde edition צנפא; Hebrew text אָמִיר). ↗ original

עָנַק to be narrow, elongated; denominative עֲנָק, עוּנְקָא etc. to press, force, rule. Bereshith Rabbah section 26 (explained עֲנָקִים) שהיו עוֹנְקִים גלגל חמה ואומרים הורד וכ׳ they seized the globe of the sun and said, Send us rain down; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 47. Bamidbar Rabbah section 16 (referring to ילידי הענק, Numbers 13, 28) שראוהו שהיה עוֹנֵק את השמש they (the spies) saw him force the sun (to give rain); Tanchuma Shlaḥ 7. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶעֱנִיק same. Yoma 10ᵃ (referring to Numbers the passage cited) שמַעֲנִיקִין החמה בקומתן they lorded it over the sun by virtue of their height; Sotah 34ᵇ (Rashi: they had the appearance of squeezing their heads into the sun). [to suspend around the neck, load,] to outfit the emancipated slave with gifts (Deuteronomy 15, 14). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 59ᶜ bottom of the page אילו שמַעֲנִיקִין להן וכ׳ the following are those who must be sent away with gifts; Babylonian Kiddushin 16ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) יכול לא יהיו מַעֲנִיקִים וכ׳ you might think that only he who is discharged after the expiration of six years of servitude, must be outfitted. Sifré Deuteronomy 119 שאם הֶעֱנַקְתָּ … תַּעֲנִיק לו וכ׳ that when thou hast outfitted him once, thou must do it again etc. Kiddushin the passage cited כמה מעניקים לו how much must he be given?; and frequently ↗ original

עֶנֶק (the preceding) an emancipated slave’s outfit. Kiddushin 16ᵇ ע׳ עבד עברי לעצמו וע׳ אמה וכ׳ the outfit of a Hebrew slave belongs to himself, and that of a Hebrew handmaid to herself; ע׳ אמה העבריה ומציאתה וכ׳ the outfit of a Hebrew handmaid and what she finds belong to her father; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֲנָק 1 giant. Bamidbar Rabbah section 16, and elsewhere, see עָנַק.—plural עֲנָקִים. Bereshith Rabbah section 26 (referring to Genesis 6, 4) שבע שמות … ע׳ וכ׳ they (of that race) are called by seven names: Emim, … ʿĂnaḳim; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 47, see עָנַק. ↗ original

עֲנָק 2 [neck,] necklace, chain. Eruvin 54ᵃ (referring to Proverbs 1, 9) אם … כע׳ זה שרף על וכ׳ if a man trains himself to be like a necklace which is loose around the neck, and is (sometimes) seen and (sometimes) not seen (i.e. is yielding and modest), his learning will be established etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 929 שיפה לצואר (read: שרָפֶה). Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 675 the Law is ע׳ לצואר a chain for the neck (Vayikra Rabbah section 12 מונייק). Bava Bathra 75ᵃ לא זכה עושין לו ע׳ if he is not worthy, they will make a chain for him. [the same place (ibid.) זכה עושין לו ע׳ if he is worthy, they will make a necklace for him; omitted in Manuscript Rome; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 9.]—plural עֲנָקִים. Bereshith Rabbah section 26 (they are called ʿĂnaḳim) שהיו מרבים ע׳ ע"ג עֳנָקִים they increased the chains around the necks (subjugated many people); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 47. ↗ original

עֹנֶק (the preceding) neck.—plural עֳנָקִים, see the preceding ↗ original

עִנְקָא (the preceding words) neck, throat. Targum Psalms 69, 4 עִינְקִי (edition Vilna edition עֻנְ׳; manuscript עוּנְ׳). the same place (ibid.) 115, 7. the same place (ibid.) 149, 6; and elsewhere—Berachoth 44ᵇ; Shabbath 140ᵇ, see אוּנְקָא I. necklace, chain.—plural עִנְקַיָּא, עִי׳, עוּ׳. Targum Judges 8, 21. the same place (ibid.) 26 (edition Vilna edition עֲנָקַ׳). Targum Isaiah 3, 19 (Hebrew text הנטפות).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᵇ bottom of the page (explained השהרנים, Isaiah 3, 18) עוּנְקַיָּיה. ↗ original

עַנְקוֹקְלוֹת (= ענקלקלות; ענקל, diminutive of עֲנָק; compare עוּנְקְלָא) little beads (of a neclace), a name for undeveloped grapes. Orlah 1, 8; explained Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 61ᶜ top ענבים שלקו עד וכ׳ grapes which were smitten before they had grown to one-third of the normal size; (other opinion) אפי׳ לקו משהביאו וכ׳ even if they were smitten after having reached one-third of the normal size; the same place (ibid.) (as an abbreviation, נוטריקון) עׄנׄבין דלקׄו תלׄתיהון grapes smitten in the first of their three stages. Sifra K’dosh., Chaldaic (Aramaic) 5, Parah 3. ↗ original

עֲנִקְלִין , see אוּנְקְלָא ↗ original

עִנְקָמוֹן (denominative of עֲנָקִים; עֲנָק I) a troop of tall men (see אִסְפַּתְרִי), body-guard. Bereshith Rabbah section 65 מדינה שהיתה מכתבת ע׳ למלך a province that was levying a body-guard (of tall men) for the King; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 114 כתבת ענקמין (correct accordingly); Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 332 עוקמין (correct accordingly). ↗ original

עָנֵר (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Aner, one of Abraham’s allies. Bereshith Rabbah section 42; Tanchuma Vayera 3; and elsewhere ↗ original

עָנַשׁ [to press,] to punish, fine. Zevachim 106ᵇ, and elsewhere, לא ע׳ וכ׳, see זָהַר. Sanhedrin 54ᵃ, and frequently אין עוֹנְשִׁין מן הדין, see דִּין 2.—the same place (ibid.) 43ᵇ לא ע׳ על הנסתרות the Lord did not punish undiscovered transgressions (committed in Israel’s camps). the same place (ibid.) 54ᵇ ע׳ והזהיר the text defines the penalty, and forbids the act; and frequently—participle passive עָנוּשׁ punishable. Yevamoth 47ᵃ ע׳ כרת doomed to extinction; ע׳ סקילה doomed to death by stoning; and elsewhere Nif'al נִפְעַל נֶעֱנַשׁ to be punished; to suffer. Shabbath 56ᵃ; Kiddushin 43ᵃ (referring to 2 Samuel 12, 9) מה חרב … אין אתה נ׳ עליו וכ׳ as well as thou art not to be punished for the use of the sword against the sons of Ammon, so shalt thou not be punished for the death of Uriah the Hittite. Shabbath 149ᵇ כל שחבירו נ׳ על ידו וכ׳ he through whose instrumentality a fellowman was punished (who was instrumental in causing a fellowman to sin), will not be entered within the precincts of the Lord. Yoma 22ᵇ מפני מה נ׳ שאול for what sin was Saul made to suffer? Rosh Hashanah 16ᵇ; Bava Kamma 93ᵃ, and elsewhere המוסר … הוא נ׳ תחלה he who appeals to the Lord for judgment against his neighbor, will himself be the first to be punished. Sanhedrin 8ᵃ על דבר זה נ׳ משה for saying this (‘you shall bring to me’, Deuteronomy 1, 17) Moses had to suffer (by being compelled to admit his own incapability, Numbers 27, 5); and frequently ↗ original

עֲנַשׁ Menachoth 41ᵃ עַנְשִׁיתוּ אעשה do you (in heaven) punish a sin of omission? בזמן דאיכא ריתחא עַנְשִׁינָן when there is a time of divine anger, we do punish. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִיעַנַּשׁ, Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִיעֲנֵישׁ to be punished. Eruvin 63ᵃ ואי׳ רבי וכ׳ and R. Elazar … was punished (came to grief). the same place (ibid.) bottom of the page אפ"ה אי׳ nevertheless he came to grief (was degraded). Sukkah 51ᵇ מ"ט אִיעַנְּשׁוּ why were they punished (to suffer execution under Hadrian)? Sanhedrin 43ᵇ ועד השתא מ"ט לא אִיעֲנוּשׁ and up to that time why were they (the Israelites) not punished (for Achan’s misdeeds)? the same place (ibid.) 44ᵃ top עכן מ"ט איענוש (supply עליה) why were they punished for Achan’s (undiscovered) sin?; Yalkut Shimoni Joshua 18 עכן מ"ט איענש why was Achan’s sin visited (upon the people)? Betzah 16ᵃ לא לִיעַנְּשׁוּ וכ׳ (not לע׳) let gentiles not be punished for neglecting it; and frequently ↗ original

עֹנֶשׁ , see עוֹנֶשׁ ↗ original

עֲנָשׁ construct state = Hebrew עוֹנֶשׁ, fine, confiscation. Ezra 7, 26, quoted Moed Katan 16ᵃ ↗ original

עֲנָת ʿnath (probably identical with עֲנָתוֹת). Yoma 10ᵃ; Sotah 34ᵇ אחימן בנה ע׳ Ahiman (Numbers 13, 22) built ʿĂnath. ↗ original

עַנְתָא = Hebrew עוֹנָה I, marital duty. Targum Onkelos Exodus 21, 10 עַנְתָהּ edition Berlin edition (other editions עוּ׳, עוֹ׳). time. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᵃ bottom of the page ע׳ דצלותא the time for prayer. the same place (ibid.) 3, 6ᵃ bottom of the page ע׳ דמיכלא the time for meals. Bereshith Rabbah section 33 מן עו׳ דיהבת וכ׳ from the moment thou didst put thy hand on it. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 4 בההיא ע׳ נשתתק וכ׳ in that moment (then) the Samaritan was silenced. Bamidbar Rabbah section 9 הא עַנְתִיךְ this is thy opportunity, see עַנְיְיתָא. Koheleth Rabbah to 11, 2 הא ע׳ מייתון יתיה this is the opportunity to bring him. the same place (ibid.) ענתה דמלעי the time for studying; and frequently ↗ original

*עַנְתָּא (ענת, compare ענש, a. עֲנֵי 2, 2, see Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 2935) oppressor, wrong-doer. Targum Proverbs 16, 33 דע׳ Pesh. (edition דעצתא). ↗ original

עַנְתֹּדְרָיָא , see עַנְתּוֹדְרָיָא ↗ original

עַנְתָה , see עַנְתָא ↗ original

ענתה , Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 11 ע׳ נסיא, ע׳ נסיע, read: אֲתָאנַסְיָא. ↗ original

עֵנְתּוֹדְרָיָא of En-Todros (?). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 6, 49ᵈ top ר׳ יודן ענתונ׳ (Babylonian edition Munich manuscript יודן אנא תחדויה; edition אבא היחדויזה, הידחויזה, probably corruption of תיודוזיא Theodosia, equivalent of תודריא). Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 7ᶜ top ענתורדיא. the same place (ibid.) 8ᵃ top ענתוריא; Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, 65ᶜ top ענתונד׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 9, 12ᵃ bottom of the page ענתדריא; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֵנְתּוּנָיָא of En Tuna (?). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᵇ חנינא ע׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 1, 16ᵇ חנניא ע׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 6, 10ᶜ bottom of the page ענתנייה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Orlah 2, 62ᶜ top of the page Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 2, beginning 41ᵇ ענתונ׳.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 5, 9ᵃ top יוחנן ענתנייתא (?).—Cmp. עין תאנה, under the word תְּאֵנָה.—[Bereshith Rabbah section 29 חנינא אינוניתא, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אין תתיה, probably to be read: עין תונייה.] ↗ original

ענתורדיא , see עֵנְתּוֹדְרָיָא ↗ original

ענתותא , see next word ↗ original

עַנְתּוֹתָיָא of Anathoth. Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 284 (referring to Isaiah 10, 30) הא ירמיה ע׳ וכ׳ Jeremiah of A. will come and prophesy reproofs against thee; Echah Rabbah introduction, beginning ענתותא וכ׳ (correct accordingly, or עַנְתּוֹתָאָה). ↗ original

ענתותים , see next word ↗ original

עַנְתִּיִּים (dial. for גּוּנְתִּ׳) Goths. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 25, end אם עשו שונא … אבל ברבריים וע׳ ושארית העמים מה עשיתי להם edition Buber edition (other edition לב׳ ולענתותים מה עשה) if Esau (Rome) hates Jacob, it is because he took away his birthright, but what have I (has he, Jacob) done to the Barbarians (Germans), or to the Goths and the rest of nations?; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 109, end לברבריא ולשתותיא מה עשה (missing in edition Buber edition); manuscript 3: לברברים ולכותיים, manuscript 8 ולערביים, see edition Buber edition note 2; read: ולגוֹתִיִּים or ולענתיים); Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 702 לטבריים מה עשה לגוּנְתִּיִּים מה עשה (read לברב׳), see גּוּנְתָּאִי. ↗ original

עֵנְתְּנָיָא , see עֵנְתּוּנָיָא ↗ original

עִסְבָּא = Hebrew עֵשֶׂב, herb, plants. Targum Genesis 1, 29. Targum Psalms 37, 2. the same place (ibid.) 90, 5 (some edition עִשְׂבָּא); and elsewhere—plural עִסְבִּין. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 1, 30; and elsewhere—5. עֲשַׂב. ↗ original

עָסָה , see עסי ↗ original

עַסְוָוס , see סְוָוס ↗ original

עָסוּק , see עָסַק ↗ original

עִסּוּק , see עִיסּוּק ↗ original

עָסוּת (denominative of עִיסָה), plural עָסִיּוֹת, עִיסִיּוֹת, leaven. Maʿǎser Sheni 2, 4 יתחלקו לעסות (Munich manuscript לעסיות; Yerushalmi (prefix) edition לעיסיות) let them be divided into small portions to be used for leaven. Yerushalmi (prefix) Challah 1, 57ᵇ עירס ראשי עיסיות if a person worked up (in the trough) morsels of dough for leaven. the same place (ibid.) bottom of the page חמש עי׳ five morsels etc.; and elsewhere ↗ original

עסי , Pi'el עִיסָּה, see עָשָׂה. ↗ original

עֲסֵי , Pa'el עַסֵּי to press, tread. Targum Esther 1, 10. Targum Job 30, 17 דמְעַסָּן (not דמְעֲסָן).—Esp. to press the teeth together, gnash the teeth. the same place (ibid.) 16, 9 (see עֲמַס). Targum Lamentations 2, 16 (edition Vienna edition עֲסִיאוּ Pe.). Targum Psalms 112, 10; and elsewhere—[Targum Isaiah 59, 11 עַסֵּינָא, see עֲסַס.] ↗ original

עַסְיָא proper noun of a place, see אַסְיָא 2.—[Weinstein, Sachs, Beitrage zur Gesch. der Essäer, identifies our word with Callirhoe and surroundings, hot springs on the east side of Jordan, near the Dead Sea.] ↗ original

עָסִיס see עֲסַס) must, young wine. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 73, end השמים מטיפין להן ע׳ the heavens shall drop wine for them. ↗ original

עָסִיס ² Targum Esther 1, 7 חמר ע׳ (some edition עֲ׳) young wine. ↗ original

עֲסִיסָא , Megillah 16ᵃ Oxford manuscript, see אֲצִיצָא ↗ original

עֲסִיסִית , see עֲסָסִית ↗ original

עֲסִיקִין , plural of עֵסֶק. ↗ original

עֲסִירָאָה , see sub עֲשִׂיר׳. ↗ original

עֲסָסִיּוֹת ‘Ăsasiyoth, twin towns in Palestine. Gittin 4ᵇ ↗ original

עֲסָסִית (עָסַס to stamp), plural עֲסָסִיּוֹת, עֲסִיסִיּ׳, pounded wheat or peas. Tosefta Betzah 1, 23 מפני שהן מאכל ע׳ (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) מפני שנאכל ע׳) because wheat may be eaten as a dish etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, end, 61ᵃ; (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 14ᵇ לודיות). Shabbath 18ᵇ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3 (4), 1; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 5ᵈ עסי׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 2, 41ᶜ bottom of the page ↗ original

עָסַק (compare Biblical Hebrew עָשַׂק) (with ב) to work at, be engaged in. Sifra K’dosh., Chaldaic (Aramaic) 8, Parah 4 ועוֹסֵק בו; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 619 ועוֹסְקֵנִי בו and busy myself with him (to punish him), see עֵסֶק 2. Berachoth 11ᵃ (referring to Deuteronomy 6, 7, ‘when thou sittest in thy house’) פרט לעוסק במצוה this exempts (from reading the Sh’ma) him who is engaged in a religious work; Sukkah 25ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) והעוסק במצוה פטור מן המצוה מהכא נפקא וכ׳ is it from here (Deuteronomy the passage cited) that we derive the rule, that he who is engaged in a religious act is exempt from other religious duties? the same place (ibid.) 26ᵃ. Pesachim 50ᵇ לעולם יַעֲסוֹק אדם בתורה וכ׳ let man by all means be engaged in the study of the Law and the pursuit of religious work, even if not for their own sake etc., see שֵׁם. the same place (ibid.) וכל העוֹסְקִין במלאכת שמים and all those who make a living of religious work (deal in objects used for religious ceremonies etc.); the same place (ibid.) ואם עוסקין לשמה וכ׳ but if they do so from a religious motive etc.; and frequently—participle passive עָסוּק; plural עֲסוּקִין. Kethuboth 103ᵇ ר׳ חייא ע׳ במצות הוה R. Ḥ. was always engaged in some good work (charity). Tosefta Bikkurim 2, 15 וכל העסוקין לגבוה all whose business is connected with religion, see above. the same place (ibid.) אם היו ע׳ לשום שמים, see above. Shemoth Rabbah section 20 (referring to Exodus 13, 19) כל ישראל היו ע׳ בכסף וכ׳ while all Israel were busy taking along silver and gold, Moses was busy getting the bones of Joseph; and frequently Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶעֱסִיק to engage, keep interested, entertain. Yoma 1, 7 ומַעֲסִיקִין אותו and they entertain him (to keep him awake); the same place (ibid.) 19ᵇ לא היו מעסיקין אותו וכ׳ they did not entertain him with music, but with their mouth (speech); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 9. the same place (ibid.) לעַסְּקוֹ בהברה (not בהברא, Pi'el) to keep him awake with noise (recitations). Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 7 היו מַעֲסִיקוֹת אותו עד שיבוא שמואל they kept him engaged (in talk) until Samuel came; and elsewhere Pi'el פִּעֵל עִיסֵּק same, see above. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעַסֵּק, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְעַסֵּק to occupy one’s self; to attend. Sotah 1, 9 מי לנו גדול מיוסף שלא נ׳ בו אלא משה who is greater than Joseph, to whose body none attended but Moses himself? (see above); מי גדול ממשה שלא ני בו וכ׳ who is greater than Moses in whose burial none but the Lord himself was engaged? Vayikra Rabbah section 25 מתחלת ברייתו … לא נ׳ וכ׳ soon after the creation the Lord was first of all engaged in planting (Genesis 2, 8), אף אתם לא תִתְעַסְּקוּ וכ׳ even so, when you enter the land, you shall apply yourselves first of all to planting (Leviticus 19, 23). Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 77ᵇ וישבו ונִתְעַסְּקוּ, see next word Tanchuma Vaëra 5 (play on הָעשֶׁק, Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 7, 7) עסק שנ׳ שלמה … הטעהו (not הטעוהו) the occupation with vain things in which Solomon engaged, led him astray; the same place (ibid.) כשהחכם מִתְעַסֵּק בדברים הרבה מערבבין וכ׳ when a scholar engages in too many affairs, they confound him so that he loses his wisdom; the same place (ibid.) חכם המתעסק בצרכי צבור משכחין וכ׳ if a scholar busies himself with public affairs, they cause him to forget his learning; and frequently—Tosefta Arachin 4, 27 מִתְעַסֵּק בירק בקדרה בכל יום may arrange to have vegetables in the pot every day; מתעסק ירק בקדרה ואלפס וכ׳ (read: בירק) may have vegetables in the pot and stew etc. to do a thing without a direct practical purpose; to practice, experiment. Shabbath 157ᵇ מתעסק בעלמא אנא I was merely playing (without the intention of measuring). Rosh Hashanah 4, 8 (32ᵇ) אבל מִתְעַסְּקִין בהם כדי שילמדו Munich manuscript (edition מתע׳ עמהם עד) but you may practice with them that they may learn (to blow the Shofar); והמתעסק לא יצא and he who merely blows for practice, has not done his duty. the same place (ibid.) 33ᵃ מתע׳ בהן עד שילמדו וכ׳ (Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4 (2), 10 מתלמדין לתקוע) you may practice with them …, even on the Sabbath; and elsewhere to do one thing while intending to do another thing; to miss one’s purpose, choose the wrong thing. Sanhedrin 62ᵇ המתעסק בחלבים וכ׳ he that misses his purpose in selecting forbidden fat to eat (intending to reach out for a permitted piece), or in consanguineous connection (by mistaking the person) is bound to bring a sin offering; המתע׳ בשבת who does a forbidden act by mistake on the Sabbath (meaning to do a different though forbidden act); Kerith. 19ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) 4, 3 (19ᵃ) (referring to אשר חטא בה, Leviticus 4, 23) פרט למתעסק this is to exempt him who sinned by doing the thing which he had not intended to do. the same place (ibid.) 19ᵇ מתעסק דמאי to what kind of a mistaken act does this refer? the same place (ibid.) מתע׳ בדבר דלאו מצוה if by mistake he did an act which was not commanded (for that day). the same place (ibid.) מתע׳ בחבורה making a wound (on the Sabbath) by mistake (circumcising the wrong child), opposite מקלקל בחבורה doing harm by making a wound; and frequently to dispute, argue. Bereshith Rabbah section 8 עד שמלאכי השרת מדיינין … ומתעסקין אלו עם אלו וכ׳ while the ministering angels were arguing with one another, disputing with one another, God created him (Adam); and elsewhere ↗ original

עֲסֵק to take pains, take trouble. Targum 2 Kings 4, 13. Targum I Chronicles 12, 34 (33; Hebrew text לעדר). (with ב) to be occupied with. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 20, 3; 5 (see Sifra K’dosh., Chaldaic (Aramaic) 8, Parah 4, under the word עֵסֶק 2). Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 6, 8. Targum Proverbs 7, 18 ונֶעְסַק חד לחד וכ׳ and let us be engaged in dalliances in private (Hebrew text נתעלסה וכ׳); and frequently—participle passive עֲסִיק; feminine עָסִיקָא; plural עֲסִיקִין; עֲסִיקָן. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 32, 4. Targum Song of Songs 1, 15. the same place (ibid.) 4, 15; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 77ᵇ עד דאינון עסיקין בדידון נַעְסוֹק וכ׳ (not עסוקין) while they are occupied with their doings (songs etc.), let us be occupied with our business (study); so they sat down and engaged in discussing words of the Law. Sotah 21ᵃ בעידנא דעָסֵיק בה while he is engaged in it. Bava Metzia 12ᵇ, and frequently (במאי עֲסִיקִינָן) במאי עַסְקִינָן אילימא וכ׳ what are we engaged in?, i.e. what is the case before us? Is it that the debtor admits etc. the same place (ibid.), and frequently הכא במאי עסקינן במגורשת וכ׳ (abbr. הב׳'ע) what is treated of here (in the Mishnah) is the case of a doubtful divorce. the same place (ibid.) הכא בעבד עסקינן … the slave meant in this connection is one who perforates pearls (a skillful laborer); and frequently Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְעַסֵּק, אִיעַסֵּק to occupy one’s self, be busy. Targum Psalms 50, 5. Targum Exodus 5, 9. Targum 2 Chronicles 35, 14; and frequently—Berachoth 25ᵇ רב אחאי איע׳ ליה לבריה Rab A. busied himself with preparations for his son’s wedding. Bava Metzia 104ᵇ יהיבנא לך לאִיעַסּוּקֵי ביה (Munich manuscript לעַסּוּקֵי Pa'el) I gave it to thee to do business with (but not to spend thy share for personal use); and frequently to dispute, quarrel. Targum Genesis 26, 20. ↗ original

עֵסֶק 1 Eseḳ (Dispute), name of a well. Targum Genesis 26, 20 (Hebrew text עֵשֶׂק). ↗ original

עֵסֶק 2 (עָסַק) business, worldly occupation; affair, concern. Chagigah 13ᵃ, and elsewhere אין לך ע׳ וכ׳ thou hast no concern with, see סָתַר I. Avoth 4, 10, see מָעַט. Moed Katan 22ᵃ bottom of the page רצה ממעט בעִסְקוֹ if he desires, he may do less business (as a sign of mourning). Treatise Smachoth, Treatise Chaldaic (Aramaic) 9 ואינו מרבה בעסקו and he need not make elaborate preparations for his funeral; and frequently—Transferred affair, display. Menachoth 10, 3 (65ᵃ) כדי שיהא נקצר בע׳ גדול that the cutting of the ‘Omer may take place with great display (in the presence of many people); Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 3.—plural עֲסָקִים, עֲסָקִין, construct state עִסְקֵי, עִי׳. Yoma 75ᵃ; Shabbath 130ᵃ (referring to Numbers 11, 10) על ע׳ משפחותיו (the people wept) over their family affairs (the prohibition of consanguineous marriages); Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 735. Sifra K’dosh., Chaldaic (Aramaic) 8, Parah 4 (referring to פני, Leviticus 20, 5) פונה אני מכל עֲסָקַי וכ׳ I shall leave all my affairs, and busy myself etc., see עָסַק; the same place (ibid.) Aḥăré, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 10, Parah 8; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 619; and frequently—2) controversy, dispute, cause. Bava Metzia 97ᵇ כגון שיש ע׳ שבועה ביניהן when there is a dispute between them in which an oath is involved (i.e. when the oath that would have been required, cannot be administered).—plural as ab. Shevuoth 31ᵃ שדה שיש עליה ע׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition עסיקין) a field the title of which is disputed. Kethuboth 92ᵇ and the following יצאו עליו ע׳ (edition עסי׳) protests against the title were issued; Bava Metzia 14ᵃ bottom of the page עסי׳. ↗ original

עִסְקָא , occupation, painstaking; affair, business; merchandise. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 10, 18 עֵיסַק אורייתא וכ׳ the occupation with the Law and the commandments. Targum 2 Kings 4, 13. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 3, 6 למשדי ע׳ וכ׳ to throw merchandise into the sea; and frequently—עַל עֵיסַק on account of, for the sake of. Targum Genesis 20, 18. the same place (ibid.) 21, 11; and frequently—Sotah 21ᵃ שבנא עבד ע׳ Shebna engaged in business. Taanith 21ᵃ ניזיל ונעביד ע׳ let us go into business. Kethuboth 66ᵇ ע׳ רבה a large investment, see זִיּוּנָא 3. Horayoth 12ᵃ מאן דבעי למיעבד ע׳ וכ׳ (not בע׳) he who wants to enter upon a certain enterprise and desires to know whether he will succeed or not; Kerith. 5ᵇ מאן דבעי נעביד עִיסְקֵי (plural); and frequently—Esp. ‘isḳa, giving a person goods to trade with on shares (usually two shares of the profit going to the investor and one to the trader). Bava Metzia 104ᵇ האי ע׳ פלגא וכ׳ in the case of an ‘isḳa, half of the sum involved is a loan (at the risk of the trader), and the other half is a trust. the same place (ibid.) להכא קרי ליה ע׳ וכ׳ it is therefore called ‘isḳa (business), because he has a right to say to him, I have given it to thee to trade with, see עֲסֵק. the same place (ibid.) חד ע׳ ותרי שטרי (not חדא) if one ‘isḳa was agreed upon, and two instruments (each for half the amount) were made out. the same place (ibid.) 105ᵃ האי מאן דקביל ע׳ מחבריה וכ׳ if one took merchandise on shares from his neighbor and suffered loss, but afterwards took pains and recovered the loss. the same place (ibid.) הני בי תרי ע׳ בהדי הדדי … if two entered a partnership with each other (one furnishing the capital). Betzah 32ᵇ בעא מנייהו ע׳ he asked them to give him goods on shares; and elsewhere—plural עִסְקִין, עִסְקֵי, עִי׳. Targum 2 Kings 4, 13. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 2, 2 עשרתי ע׳ ten things.—Bava Metzia the passage cited תרי ע׳ וחד שטרא (Rashi sing.) two ‘isḳas and one document made out on both together. Kerithoth the passage cited, see above; and elsewhere ↗ original

עַסְקָן (the preceding words) experimenter, observer of nature. Chullin 57ᵇ ע׳ בדברים היה וכ׳ he used to make experiments, and he made one to disprove R. Judah’s theory. the same place (ibid.) מאי ע׳ בדברים why was he called an experimenter? Vayikra Rabbah section 19 (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) ר׳ אסי הוה ע׳ R. A. used to experiment. Vayikra Rabbah section 22 ר"ש הוה ע׳ בדברים; Koheleth Rabbah to 5, 8 עוֹסְקָן. busy, moving automatically.—Fem. עַסְקָנִית; plural עַסְקָנִיּוֹת. Sukkah 26ᵇ ידים ע׳ הן hands are busy, i.e. touch things automatically. ↗ original

עֲסַר , see עֲשַׂר, עִשְׂרוֹנָא. ↗ original

עִפּוּי , see sub עִיפּ׳. ↗ original

עפוריים , see עֲפָרַיִים ↗ original

עֲפֵי (= עיף; see עוּף I) [to be bent,] to toil. Targum Proverbs 21, 25 עָפְיָין edition Lagarde edition (some edition a. Levita עפייץ, correct accordingly; Bxt. a. edition Vilna edition צָבְיָין). Af'el הִפְעִיל אַעֲפֵי to spread, be doubled, thick-branched. participle מַעֲפֵי; feminine מְעַפְיָא. Targum Hosea 4, 13. Targum Ezekiel 6, 13 (Hebrew text עֲבֻתָּה, see עָבוֹת). ↗ original

עֳפִי (the preceding) sprouting, foliage, branches. Targum Song of Songs 1, 16 (frequently Daniel 4, 18. Targum Ezekiel 31, 3 עָפְיֵיה Regia (edition נוֹפֵיה).—plural עַפְיָין. Targum Song of Songs 2, 2 עַפְיָהָא.—5. אוּפֵי. ↗ original

עַפְיָאן , see אַפְיָין ↗ original

עפייץ , see עֲפֵי ↗ original

עפיץ , Avodah Zarah 39ᵃ, read: עַפְיָין. ↗ original

עָפַל (Biblical Hebrew) to swell, rise.—5. עוֹפֶל. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶעְפִּיל to act rashly, be foolhardy. Shabbath 97ᵃ מן המַעְפִּילִים הוה Munich manuscript (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note; edition מִוַּיַּעְפִּילוּ) he was one of the foolhardy (Numbers 14, 44); Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 749 המַעְפִּילִין. ↗ original

עֹפֶל , see עוֹפֶל ↗ original

עָפְלָא ‘Ofla, name of a gate of Jerusalem. Targum Zephaniah, Book of 1, 10 (see עוֹפֶל); see עוֹפָא 2. ↗ original

עַפְעַפַּיִם Dual(Biblical Hebrew; [wings,] eye-lids. Shabbath פוך … מרבה שיער בע׳ eye-paint advances the growth of the eye-lashes; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana ‘Ăniya, p. 135ᵃ. Berachoth 60ᵇ עַפְעַפָּי, see תְּנוּמָה. ↗ original

עָפַף (reduplic. of עוּף 2) to fly around. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 18, 5 אל תקרי אפפוני אלא עֲפָפוּנִי הצרות טסות וכ׳ read not ăfafunί (with א) but ‘ãfafunί (with ע׳), troubles come flying over me like birds; Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 157. ↗ original

עֲפַף (see עוּף I) to double, bend, curve. Targum Isaiah 2, 4; Micah 4, 3 וִיעַפְפוּן (Levita ויעוֹפְפוּן, Pol. of עוף; Hebrew text כתת).—Shabbath 134ᵃ לעַפְפֵיה, Rashi, see עִיף 2. Pa'el פִּעֵל עַפֵּף to double, roll up. participle passive מְעַפַּף; feminine מְעַפְּפָא. Targum I Kings 19, 6 חררא מע׳ a rolled up cake (Hebrew text עגת רצפים).—Chullin 51ᵇ עוף ומעפף (not ומעופף), see עִיף 2. ↗ original

עֲפַץ , see אֲפַץ ↗ original

עֶפֶץ (see אַפְצָא) gall-nut. Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 2, 44ᵇ top דיוש אין בו ע׳ untanned ink, see מִילָּא I. ↗ original

עַפְצָא , see אַפְצָא ↗ original

עֹפֶר , plural עֳפָרִים, see עוֹפֶר. ↗ original

עָפַר , Pi'el עִיפֵּר (Biblical Hebrew; to cast dust, cover with mud. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעַפֵּר to be soiled. Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Abbahu 6) והם ישנים … ומִתְעַפְּרִים בעפר they sleep on the bare earth and become soiled with dust; the same place (ibid.) to 3, 13. ↗ original

עָפָר עפר to be thick, dust, mud, sand, mortar. Bereshith Rabbah section 14 (referring to Genesis 2, 7) ע׳ זכר אדמה נקבה היוצר מביא ע׳ זכר וכ׳ ‘afar represents the male element, ădamah, the female; the potter takes male dust (coarse sand) and female earth (soft clay), in order that the vessels be strong. Sotah 2, 2 נוטל ע׳ מתחתיה he (the priest) takes earth from under it (the marble slab). the same place (ibid.) 16ᵃ מצינו אפר שקרוי ע׳ we find that ashes are likewise called ‘afar; Chullin 88ᵇ; Bereshith Rabbah section 49ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) עֲפַר סוטה the dust used in preparing the Water of Jealousy; עֲ׳ כיסוי the earth or ashes used for covering up the blood at slaughtering (Leviticus 17, 13); Bamidbar Rabbah section 9. the same place (ibid.) זכתה … ואנכי ע׳ ואפר לא זכתה תחזור לעַפְרָהּ if she is worthy (innocent), let a son descend from her like Abraham, of whom it is written, ‘And I am dust and ashes’ (Genesis 18, 27); if she is unworthy, let her return to her native dust. the same place (ibid.) עֲ׳ זהב העגל the gold dust of the calf. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 8, end, 11ᵈ ע׳ שחור black potter’s earth; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 94 עַפְרוֹ של יצחק (edition Vilna edition אֶפְרוֹ), see אֵפֶר.—plural עֲפָרוֹת, construct state עַפְרוֹת. Bamidbar Rabbah the passage cited (referring to ומן העפר, Numbers 5, 17) [read:] זהו ע׳ הזהב אשר טחן this refers to the gold dust which he (Moses) made by grinding (Deuteronomy 9, 21). Bereshith Rabbah section 26 שהיו בקיאים בע׳ וכ׳ they were experts on the qualities of soil like serpents; and elsewhere ↗ original

עַפְרָא Targum Leviticus 14, 45. Targum Proverbs 8, 26 (Hebrew text עפרות); and frequently—Bava Bathra 73ᵇ הוה שקיל ע׳ ומורח וכ׳ he took up dust and smelt of it and said, this is the road etc. the same place (ibid.) 16ᵃ ע׳ לפומיה דאיוב earth into Job’s mouth (stop him)! the same place (ibid.) 171ᵇ מאן יהיב לן מעַפְרֵיה דרב וכ׳ O, that some one would give us some of the dust of Rab and Samuel, and we should put it into our eyes! (i.e. we surely revere the memory of Rab and Samuel, yet we differ with them); Avodah Zarah 53ᵇ; Chullin 68ᵇ. Sanhedrin 108ᵇ והוה … ע׳ והוו חרבי we threw dust and it turned into swords; and frequently ↗ original

עַפְרוּרִין (the preceding) ע׳ דדהבא gold-dust. Targum Job 28, 6 (edition Lagarde edition עפרותין, correct accordingly). ↗ original

עַפְרוּרִית (the preceding) sandy matter in grain. Bava Bathra 93ᵇ וע׳ לא but sand (as an admixture) need he not accept? the same place (ibid.) 94ᵃ עדשים … רובע ע׳ לסאה the purchaser of lentils must accept one fourth of a Kab of sand for each S’ah; and elsewhere ↗ original

עפרותין , see עַפְרוּרִין ↗ original

עֲפָרַיָּא (see next word) ‘Ăfaraya. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 3, 65ᵈ שמעון דמע׳ וכ׳ Simeon, a native of ‘A. (a Palestinian) has not been appointed! ↗ original

עֲפָרַיִים , 19) proper noun of a place ʽĂfarayim, Ḥăfarayim (Hafaraim). Menachoth 8, 1 (83ᵇ) ע׳ Babylonian edition (some edition עפור׳; Munich manuscript הפריים; Mishnah edition ח׳; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). the same place (ibid.) 85ᵃ תבן אתה מכניס לע׳ (Munich manuscript לח׳) wouldst thou carry straw to ‘A.?; Bereshith Rabbah section 86, end לעֲפָרַיִם; Shemoth Rabbah section 9. ↗ original

עפרן , Targum Song of Songs 5, 14 ברקן וע׳, read with edition Lagarde edition ב׳ זעפרן (see זֶעְפְּרָנָא) saffron-colored smaragd ↗ original

עֶפְרָתַיִם ‘Efrathayim. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 14, 14ᶜ bottom of the page ר׳ חוניא יעקב מע׳ R. Hunia Jacob of ‘E. (perh. עֲפָרַיִים?). ↗ original

עָפַשׁ , Pi'el עִיפֵּשׁ to grow mouldy, decay. Pesachim 15ᵇ; 45ᵇ הפת שעִיפְּשָׁה וכ׳ bread that is spoiled so as to be unfit for man to eat etc. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2 (3), 4 שעִיפְּשׁוּ או שיבשו which have become mouldy or dried up. Tosefta Terumoth 9, 10 פת שעִיפֵּישָׁה (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.)). Tanchuma Mick. 7 פת … עִפְּשָׁה the bread in our vessels has become mouldy. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 3, 41ᵃ bottom of the page לא היתה מְעַפֶּשֶׁת it never grew mouldy; Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 38ᵃ מִתְעַפֶּשֶׁת; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 5; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 5, 48ᵈ bottom of the page מתע׳; and elsewhere Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעַפֵּשׁ, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְעַפֵּשׁ same, see above. Bereshith Rabbah section 31 שלא ירקבו ולא יִתְעַפְּשׁוּ וכ׳ that they (the fruits in the ark) should not rot, or mould, or be disfigured. ↗ original

עֲפַשׁ Ithpaal אִיעַפַּשׁ same. Menachoth 23ᵇ לכי מִיעַפְּשָׁא when the bread is spoilt. ↗ original

עֵץ tree, pole; wood. Esther Rabbah to 5, 12 לאחר שעשה העץ after having made the gallows. Tamid 2, 3, and frequently עץ שמן pine-wood. Bereshith Rabbah section 15 אילן שעֵצוֹ נאכל וכ׳ a tree whose wood is as fit to eat as its fruit. Sifra Emor, Parah 12, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 16, see עָנָף; and very frequently—Pesachim 30ᵇ עץ פרור wooden pot-ladle.—plural עֵצִים; construct state עֲצֵי. Tamid the passage cited כל הע׳ כשרין וכ׳ all kinds of wood are fit for the altar pile. the same place (ibid.) 5 עצי תאנה wood of a fig-tree. Rosh Hashanah 2, 3 עצי שמן, see above; and very frequently ↗ original

עֵצָא = Hebrew עֵצָה 2. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 32, 28 (some edition עֵצָה). Targum Numbers 31, 16. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 24, 14 עצה; and elsewhere—plural עֵצָתָא, עֵצָן, עֵי׳. Targum Proverbs 22, 20 (edition Vilna edition עֵצְתָּא singular). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy the passage cited (see עֵיטָא).—Esther Rabbah to 1, 3 בני עיצתא דיליה (not עצתיא) his counsellors; and elsewhere ↗ original

עַצָא , see עֲצֵי ↗ original

עָצַב (Biblical Hebrew) to cut, form, shape. (compare יָגָה a. יָגוֹן) to cut, grieve, pain. Pi'el פִּעֵל עִיצֵּב to shape, handle, especially to straighten an infant’s body by manipulation. Shabbath 22, 6 אין מְעַצְּבִין את הקטן you must not manipulate a child (on the Sabbath), explained the same place (ibid.) 147ᵇ בחומרי שדרה straightening the vertebra (see לְפַף). Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 2, 9 שהוא מְעַצֵּב עליה וכ׳ because he (the surgeon) manipulates children thereon. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶעֱצִיב to grieve. Bereshith Rabbah section 44 (referring to Psalms 139, 24) אם עתיד … (ו)להַעֲצִיבְךָ וכ׳ if it be my destiny to rear children who are to grieve thee, it is better that thou shouldst lead me in the way of the world (death); (Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 888 ולהכעיסך). Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעַצֵּב, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְעַצֵּב to be grieved, mourn. Sanhedrin 38ᵇ שמח בתורתו ונ׳ במיתתו he rejoiced over his (R. ‘Ăkiba’s) learning, and mourned over his death (predestined martyrdom). ↗ original

עֲצַב ; (intr.) to be grieved. Targum Psalms 34, 6 (see חֲסַד 2).—participle passive עָצֵב, עָצִיב; feminine עֲצִיבָא; plural עֲצִיבֵי grieved, sad. Targum Esther 4, 1; Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 12, 31 קל ע׳ the voice of a mourner.—Betzah 16ᵇ חזייה דהוה ע׳ he saw that he looked down-hearted; אמאי עֲצִיבַת why art thou grieved? Taanith 25ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) 22ᵃ מבדחינן ע׳, see בָּדוֹחָא; and frequently Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִיעֲצִיב to be grieved. Berachoth 31ᵃ ואִעֲצִיבוּ and they grew sad; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 881 ואִיעֲ׳. ↗ original

עָצָב form, especially idol.—plural עֲצַבִּים. Sifra K’dosh., beginning ע׳ על שם שנעשו פרקים פרקים idols are called ‘forms’, because they are made limb by limb; Mechilta Mishpatim section 20; Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 34.—Sanhedrin 63ᵇ ועושין דמות עֲצַבֵּיהֶם (not עצבים, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 1) they made an image of their (the rich men’s) figures; Yalkut Shimoni Hosea 529. ↗ original

עֶצֶב trouble, toil; that which is acquired through toil.—plural עֲצָבִים. Bamidbar Rabbah section 9 (referring to ועצביך, Proverbs 5, 10) אין עֲצָבֶיךָ אלא בנים (edition Vilna edition עֲצִיבָה וכ׳) ‘thy toils’ means thy children (with referring to Genesis 3, 16); ע׳ זו יגיעת הארץ ‘thy toils’ means painful labor in the field (with referring to the same place (ibid.) 17). ↗ original

עָצֵב the preceding) sad, grief-stricken. Pesachim 119ᵃ מלך בו"ד מנצחין אותו וע׳ וכ׳ a human King grieves when he is defeated, but the Lord etc.; (Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 4 כועס), see נָצַח. Berachoth 5ᵃ מוכר ע׳ ולוקח שמח the seller grieves (because he has to part with a dear possession), and the buyer is glad; and elsewhere—plural עֲצֵבִים, עֲצֵבִין; עֲצֵבוֹת, עֲצֵי׳. Yoma 21ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) 67ᵃ; and elsewhere—Transferred (of the fingers of the hand) pressed together, narrow, opposite שׂוֹחֵק. Eruvin 3ᵇ, and elsewhere, see אַמָּה. ↗ original

עָצֵב ² Chaldaic (Aramaic), see עֲצַב ↗ original

עִצָּבוֹן the preceding words) grief, pain, toil. Bamidbar Rabbah section 9 (referring to Proverbs 5, 10, see עֶצֶב) לומר שיאכלו בע׳ וכ׳ intimating that they shall eat with toil whatever they may eat (with referring to Genesis 3, 17). Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 14 בעִצְּבוֹן גדולו, see סָחַף; and elsewhere—plural עִצְּבוֹנוֹת. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 16, 4 הרבית ע׳ לבני אדם edition Buber edition (missing in other edition) thou didst decree many pains unto man (referring to Genesis 3, 16, and the following); the same place (ibid.) הרבית ע׳ לאבות העולם thou didst decree many troubles unto the patriarchs; הרבית ע׳ לדורו של שמד thou didst decree … upon the generation of (the Hadrianic) persecution; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 667.—[5. next word]. ↗ original

עִצְּבוֹנִית (the preceding) [a stinging plant,] probably wild rose-bush. Bereshith Rabbah section 63 משל להדס וע׳ וכ׳ (Matt. K. עִיצְּבוֹנוֹת; some edition עכבונית, correct accordingly) this is like a myrtle and a rose-bush growing side by side; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 110; Tanchuma Ki Thetsé 4 עַצְמוֹנִי. ↗ original

עֲצֵבוּת (the preceding words) grief, sorrow. Berachoth 31ᵃ אין … לא מתוך ע׳ וכ׳ you must not rise for prayer in a mood of grief or in languor … but in religious joy. Pesachim 117ᵃ אין השכינה … מתוך ע׳ וכ׳ the Divine Presence (holy inspiration) does not rest upon man in moments of languor or sadness etc. Chagigah 5ᵇ אין עצי׳ לפני וכ׳ there is no sadness before the Lord, for it is written (I Chronicles 16, 27) etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 292. ↗ original

עֵצָה 1 see עֵץ) trees, plantation. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, 6ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 1, end, 52ᶜ התיר ע׳ שבים allowed the carrying of things on the Sabbath from trees in the water (on an island) to the water and vice versa (compare Eruvin 67ᵇ סלע שבים); Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 8, end, 25ᵇ pea-stalks. Shabbath 7, 4, explained the same place (ibid.) 76ᵃ תבן של מיני קיטניות. Oholoth 18, 2, contradistinguished to קש. ↗ original

עֵצָה 2 counsel, advice, plan, consultation, council. Bereshith Rabbah section 74 נוטלין ע׳ they hold council, see רֶוַוח. Sotah 11ᵃ (referring to Exodus 1, 10) הוא התחיל בע׳ תחלה he was the first to propose (the destruction of Israel). the same place (ibid.) שלשה היו באותה ע׳ three men took part in that consultation. Megillah 12ᵇ ניטלה ע׳ ממנו counsel (legal wisdom) has been taken away from us. Sotah 11ᵇ שפנה מעֲצַת מרגלים he turned away from the council of the spies. Gittin 58ᵃ, and elsewhere אם אתה שומע לעֲצָתִי if thou wouldst listen to my advice. Tanchuma Haăz. 8 ובעצתי אל וכ׳ and if you follow my advice, do not risk your life for her. Bava Bathra 118ᵃ, and frequently ע׳ טובה קמשמע לן good advice is meant by it (not a law); and frequently—plural עֵצוֹת. Kiddushin 80ᵇ (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.), see עוּץ. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 1, 3 שהיה יועץ ע׳ ומתקיימות וכ׳ who suggested plans which were executed, and which turned out well; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֵצָה Chaldaic (Aramaic), see עֵצָא ↗ original

עָצֶה see עֲצֵי) backbone, spine. Sifra Vayikra, N’dab., Parah 14, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 19 (referring to Leviticus 4, 9) יכנס לפנים מן הע׳ he must go inside of the backbone, i.e. cut off a portion of the spine; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 462. ↗ original

עֲצָה , see עֲצֵי ↗ original

עַצְוָותָא = אַצְוָותָא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 15, 20, and the following; and elsewhere (interch. with אַ׳). ↗ original

עָצוּם (b Hebrew;strong, mighty. . Echah Rabbah to 3, 4, see עִיצּוּם. ↗ original

עִצּוּם , see עִיצּוּם ↗ original

עֲצוּמָה (עָצַם) possession.—plural עֲצוּמוֹת. Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 111, see עֶצֶם. ↗ original

עֲצוּצָא , see אֲצִיצָא ↗ original

עָצוֹר (עֲצַר) wine- or oil-presser. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 49, 11 (not עִצור, עַ׳).—plural עָצוֹרִין, עָצוֹרֵי. Targum Isaiah 16, 10 (see עִיצּוּרָא).—Bava Bathra 25ᵇ הנך ע׳ those pressers (of poppy-oil). ↗ original

עִצּוּר , see sub עִיצּ׳. ↗ original

עַצְוָתָא , see אַצְוָותָא ↗ original

עֲצֵי to press, squeeze; to oppress, especially (= Hebrew עָשַׁק) to withhold what is due to a neighbor. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 5, 23. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2 the same place (ibid.) 21 עֲצָה some edition (not עֵ׳). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 24, 14; and elsewhere—participle passive עָצֵי, plural עַצְיָין. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) the same place (ibid.) 28, 29. to be hard, dry; sapless. participle plural עֶצְיָין. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 13, 20 (21). ↗ original

עַצְיָא (the preceding) withholding, that which is withheld(Hebrew . Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 5, 23 (not עֵצַיָּא). ↗ original

עֲצִיבָה (עָצַב) sadness, use of the root עצב. Bereshith Rabbah section 27; section 32 אין ע׳ אלא אבלות the root עצב (Genesis 6, 6) means mourning. Bamidbar Rabbah section 9, see עֶצֶב. ↗ original

עֲצֵּיבוּת , see עֲצֵבוּת ↗ original

עֲצֵיל־ , see עָצֵל ↗ original

עָצִיץ (עצץ, see אֲצִיצָא) a common earthen vessel (used for refuse). Kethuboth 3, 4 האונס שותה בעֲצִיצוֹ the ravisher must drink out of the offensive vessel he has chosen, explained the same place (ibid.) 5 אפי׳ היא חיגית וכ׳ he must marry the woman, even if she be lame etc.—Esp. flower-pot. Demai 5, 10 ע׳ נקוב וכ׳ that which grows in a perforated pot (placed in the ground) is legally like that which grows in the ground itself. Menachoth 70ᵃ ע׳ שאינו נקוב a pot without a hole. Kilayim 7, 8; and frequently—plural עֲצִיצִים. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) end, 31ᵃ ↗ original

עָצִיץ ² Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 29ᵃ bottom of the page אשכח חד ע׳ he found a pot (Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 26 חרש); see אֲצִיצָא ↗ original

עֲצִירָה (עָצַר) closing up, obstruction of orifices, see עִיצּוּר. Bereshith Rabbah section 52 end (referring to Genesis 20, 18) נאמר ע׳ בפה ע׳ בגרון וכ׳ the root עצר applies to closure of the mouth, of the throat etc.—עֲצִירַת גשמים (see Deuteronomy 11, 17) closing up the heavens so as to withhold the rain, drought. Sifré Deuteronomy 43; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 867. locking up, detention. Sifré Numbers 151; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 782 (referring to עצרת, Numbers 29, 35) אין ע׳ אלא כניסה the root עצר has the meaning of detention (by referring to Jeremiah 36, 5). ↗ original

עָצַל , Hithpa'el הִתְעַצֵּל, Nithpa'el נִתְעַצֵּל (Biblical Hebrew Nif'al; see עָצֵל; compare Biblical Hebrew אצל) to withdraw one’s self, shirk the trouble of; to be careless, slothful; to consider one’s self exempt. Tamid 2, 2 מימיו לא נ׳ הכהן מלהוציא וכ׳ never did a priest shirk the labor of carrying out the ashes. Vayikra Rabbah section 19 (referring to בעצלתים, Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 10, 18) ע"י שהאדם הזה מִתְעַצֵּל מלכסות וכ׳ because that man considers himself exempt from covering his head as it is proper to do, he contracts rheumatism; ע"י שהאשה הזו מִתְעַצֶּלֶת וכ׳ because that woman is too careless (of chastity) to cover herself etc. the same place (ibid.) ע"י שנִתְעַצְּלוּ … מלחנות וכ׳ because the Israelites shrank from encamping in discord. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 9, end, 7ᵃ נתעצלו ולא הקריבוהו they were slothful and failed to offer it up; and frequently ↗ original

עֲצַל , Chaldaic (Aramaic),Ithpaal אִיעַצֵּל same. Pesachim 85ᵃ דאתי לאִיעַצּוּלֵי ביה (not לעיצולי) one might be slothful about it (and fail to use the sacrifice up in due time). ↗ original

עָצֵל [standing aside,] slow; sluggard; lazy. Devarim Rabbah section 5 מה ראה … ללמד לע׳ וכ׳ what reason had Solomon to make the sluggard learn from the ant (Proverbs 6, 6)?; and elsewhere—plural עֲצֵלִים, עֲצֵלִין, עֲצֵי׳. Pesachim 85ᵃ עֲצֵלֵי כהונה the negligent among the priests (opposite זָהִיר); and elsewhere—Fem. עֲצֵלָה; plural עֲצֵלוֹת, עֲצֵי׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 27ᶜ bottom of the page הנשים ע׳ הן women are slow (opposite זריז). ↗ original

עַצְלוּת the preceding) laziness, indolence. Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 720; Pesachim 66ᵃ מי גרם … ע׳ שהיתה בכם וכ׳ what is the cause that I had to come from Babylonia and be appointed your chief? Your indolence, which prevented you from waiting upon the two greatest men of the generation. the same place (ibid.) 117ᵃ; Berachoth 31ᵃ, see עֲצֵבוּת; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 8, 31ᶜ (of an animal tied by the side of a harnessed animal) זה נושא עַצְלוּתוֹ של זה וכ׳ this one carries the sluggishness of the other, i.e. when one is sluggish, the other has to carry the heavier load. ↗ original

עַצְּלָן (the preceding) laggard.—plural עַצְלָנִין. Sukkah 27ᵇ משבח אני את הע׳ וכ׳ (for once) I praise the laggards, because they do not leave their homes on a festive day. Tosefta Pesachim 3 (4), 11 כת ע׳ (variant reading עֲצֵלִין) the group of laggards (coming late for the Passover sacrifice).—Fem. עַצְלָנִית. Pesachim 65ᵃ כת ע׳, see above.—plural עַצִלָנִיּוֹת. Bereshith Rabbah section 45; Devarim Rabbah section 6. ↗ original

עָצַם (Biblical Hebrew) to press; to close (the eyes). Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 304 זה העוֹצֵם עיניו כשעומדות וכ׳ he who closes his eyes when (he sees) Israelitish girls stand washing. Sifra K’dosh., Parah 3, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 7 יַעֲצוֹם, see below. [to be compressed, hard,] to be strong, see עָצוּם a. עֶצֶם. (denominative of עֶצֶם) to acquire, possess. Bereshith Rabbah section 64 שעָצַמְתָּ, see עֶצֶם. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶעֱצִים to close (the eyes). Kiddushin 32ᵇ יכול יַעֲצִים עיניו וכ׳ perhaps a man might think, he will close his eyes and pretend not to see him (the old man); Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 617; Sifra the passage cited יעצום. Shabbath 23, 5 מַעֲצִים, see עָמַץ. Pi'el פִּעֵל עִיצֵּם to close (a dead body’s eyes), see עָמַץ. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעַצֵּם, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְעַצֵּם to be closed, see עָמַץ. to be headstrong towards one another. Sanhedrin 31ᵇ שנים שנִתְעַצְּמוּ בדין וכ׳ if both parties to a law-suit are stubborn, one saying, let us go to law here, and the other saying, let us go to the circuit court. see עִיצּוּם 3) to fortify each other, i.e. to enter an agreement with the condition of forfeiture. Tosefta Bava Metzia 1, 16 שנים שנתעצמו זה בזה ואמר וכ׳ if two made an agreement wherein one said, if I do not come etc. ↗ original

עֶצֶם the preceding) [strength,] bone. Tosefta Shabbath 7 (8), 21 עמד ע׳ בגרונו if a bone sticks in one’s throat; Shabbath 67ᵃ. Pesachim 7, 11 השובר את הע׳ וכ׳ he who breaks a bone of the Passover sacrifice. the same place (ibid.) 12 שאין בו משום שבירת הע׳ because the prohibition to break a bone does not apply to it; and very frequently—plural עֲצָמוֹת. the same place (ibid.) 10. the same place (ibid.) 8, 8 והמלקט לו ע׳ he who has the bones (of a parent) collected, see לָקַט; and very frequently substance, essence, self (see עִיצּוּם). Avoth 1, 14 וכשאני לעַצְמִי וכ׳ and if I am (I care) for myself only, what am I? the same place (ibid.) 2, 13 אל תהי רשע בפני עַצְמֶךָ be not a wicked man in thine own sight (despair not of thyself). Berachoth 43ᵃ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4, 8 כל אחד ואחד מברך לעַצְמוֹ each says the blessing for himself. Zevachim 8, 10 כשהוא בעצמו when it (the addition to, or the diminution from the prescribed action) stands by itself (is clearly visible); Rosh Hashanah 28ᵇ; Eruvin 100ᵃ. Sifré Deuteronomy 19 לא מעַצְמִי אני וכ׳ I did not say that of my own accord (as my idea), but at the command of God. Bamidbar Rabbah section 20; Tanchuma Bal. 13 בקש לילך לעצמו וכ׳ he wanted to go to himself (go home); and very frequently—plural construct state עַצְמֵי. Sifré Deuteronomy 16 לשעבר … עַצְמֵיכֶם וכ׳ in the past you were your own masters, now you are servants and subjects of the community; and frequently substance, wealth, especially live stock. Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 111 (referring to וַעֲבֻדָּה, Genesis 26, 14) וַעֲבָדָהּ כתיב אם אין אדם נעשה כעבד לעַצְמוֹ וכ׳ it may be read ‘and he shall serve it’, unless a man become like a slave to his stock, he does not own it; Bereshith Rabbah section 64 כמו עבד לעבדו (read לעצמו; compare Sanhedrin 58ᵇ).—plural as ab. Bereshith Rabbah the passage cited (referring to עצמת ממנו, Genesis 26, 16) כל אותן ע׳ שעצמת ממני היה לך all these possessions (herds and flocks) which thou hast obtained, are they not from us?; Yalkut Shimoni the passage cited עֲצוּמוֹת. ↗ original

עָצַר [to press,] to close up; to detain; to ward off; to gather, store away. Sukkah 38ᵃ עוֹצֶרֶת רוחות וכ׳ wards off evil winds and dews (see below). Bamidbar Rabbah section 19 היאך יכול … וַעֲצָרוֹ how could the angel of death strike a man that had stood up against the angel of death and warded him off? (referring to Numbers 17, 13). Sifré Numbers 151; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 782 (referring to עצרת, Numbers 29, 35) עֲצָרוֹ הכתוב מלצאת the Scripture keeps him (the pilgrim) from leaving (Jerusalem, on the eighth day). Pesikta Rabbati (edition Friedman) addit. section 4; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Bayom, p. 193ᵇ הק"בה עוֹצֵר וכ׳ the Lord locks his Presence up with them, see below. Avodah Zarah 71ᵃ עול תחתי לעוֹצֵר, see עָלַל; and frequently—participle passive עָצוּר; feminine עֲצוּרָה; plural עֲצוּרִים, עְצוּרִין; עְצוּרוֹת. Sifré the passage cited מה זה ע׳ מלצאת אף זה ע׳ וכ׳ as on this (the eighth day) one is prohibited to leave, so is one on this (the first day). Sifré Deuteronomy 135 (referring to עצרת, Deuteronomy 16, 8) יכול יהא אדם ע׳ כל וכ׳ from this you might infer that one must be confined the whole day in the schoolhouse (for religious exercises). the same place (ibid.) מה שביעי ע׳ אף ששי ע׳ as the seventh day is under restrictions (as to week-day labor), so is the sixth day (i.e. the days intervening between the first and the seventh day); אי מה שביעי ע׳ מכל מלאכה וכ׳ you might infer from this that as the seventh day is under restriction as regards all sorts of labor (even work of necessity), so is the sixth; Chagigah 18ᵃ השביעי ע׳ בכל מלאכה … ימים ע׳ וכ׳ the seventh day is under a general restriction, but the six days are not; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 904; the same place (ibid.) 907. Chullin 67ᵃ בורות … שהן ע׳ ככלים wells, pits and caves, the waters of which are restrained as in vessels; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 537 עצירים … בכלים (correct accordingly); and frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נֶעֱצָר to be detained; to be gathered together. Pesikta Rabbati the passage cited כל זמן שישראל נֶעֱצָרִין וכ׳ as long as Israel holds festive gatherings in synagogues and schoolhouses, the Lord locks up etc. (see above); Pesikta d'Rav Kahana the passage citedᵃ מְעַצְּרִין (Pi'el). Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 782 (referring to עצרת, see above) למה נֶעֶצְרוּ עיד יום אחד why are they detained one more day? Taanith 7ᵇ הגשמים נעצרין the rains are withheld. the same place (ibid.) 8ᵃ השמים נעצרין מלהוריד וכ׳ the heavens are locked up so as not to let down rain etc.; and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל עִצֵּר to hold festive gatherings. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana the passage cited, see above. to detain, keep off. Sukkah 37ᵇ כדי לעַצֵּר רוחות וכ׳ in order to keep off evil winds etc. (see above). ↗ original

עֲצַר to press, squeeze. Targum Judges 6, 38. Targum Genesis 40, 11 (O. edition Vienna edition עַצָּרִית, Pa'el); and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 17, 16ᵇ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 1, 60ᵇ bottom of the page, see זַיָּירָא. to keep back, save. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 3, 66ᵈ top עֲצוֹר וכ׳, see גּוֹלְתָא. ↗ original

עַצָּר masculine = עָצוֹר. Targum Amos 9, 13 ע׳ ענבין (not עֵצֶר, עֵצָר). ↗ original

עַצְרָא (the preceding words) wine-press, vat.—plural עַצְרֵי. Bava Metzia 86ᵇ זגתא … ביני ע׳ a black hen … that moves about among the vats. Bava Kamma 27ᵇ קרנא דע׳ (not דעצרא) a corner near the wine-presses. ↗ original

עִצְרָא (the preceding words) juice. Gittin 69ᵇ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see אִיצְרָא. ↗ original

עַצְרִי ‘Atsri. Bava Bathra 174ᵇ (Munich manuscript עצורי); Arachin 23ᵃ משה בר ע׳. ↗ original

עֲצֶרֶת detention, gathering, especially a festive gathering for the conclusion of a festive season, concluding feast; ע׳ של חג the concluding feast of the Succoth festival (Numbers 29, 35); ע׳ של פסח the concluding feast of the Passover festival i.e. the Feast of Weeks, Pentecost. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Bayom, p. 193ᵃ ראויה היתה ע׳ של חג … כשם שע׳ של פסח וכ׳ by right the concluding feast of the Succoth Festival was to have been fifty days after (the first day of Succoth) as the concluding feast of Passover is etc.; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 2; and elsewhere—In gen. ע׳ feminine, (supply (understood word) יום) masculine Feast of Weeks, Pentecost. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana the passage cited, p. 190ᵇ בסיון ע׳ in the month of Sivan is the Feast of Weeks. Chagigah 2, 4 ע׳ שחל להיות וכ׳ if the Feast of Weeks occurs on a Friday. the same place (ibid.) שלא לקיים … ע׳ אחר השבת to oppose those who say that the Feast of Weeks must be observed on the day after the Sabbath (after seven complete weeks from Passover, beginning with the first Sunday); Menachoth 65ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) 65ᵇ; and very frequently ↗ original

עֲצַרְתָּא 1 , Feast of Weeks. Targum Onkelos Numbers 28, 26 בעַצְרַתְכיֹן (edition Vienna edition בעַצְרָתֵי׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) בעֲצַרְתֵּי׳; Hebrew text בשבעתיכם). Targum 2 Esther 3, 8 יומא דע׳.—Pesachim 42ᵇ; Shabbath 110ᵃ, see דִּבְחָא. Pesachim 68ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original

עֲצַרְתָּא 2 (עֲצַר) vat. Targum Esther 1, 10. ↗ original

עֵצְתָא , see עֵצָא ↗ original

*עִצְתָּא (see עֲצי) oppressor. Targum Proverbs 16, 33, see עַנְתָּא. ↗ original

עָקָא (עוּק) trouble, distress. Targum Isaiah 30, 6. Targum Proverbs 23, 27. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 12, 12 הות עמנא בעַקְנָא she was with us in (shared) our trouble; and elsewhere—Sanhedrin 26ᵃ דא ע׳ that is the trouble (that thou callest them wicked).—plural עָקָן. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 10, 19 וערען … ע׳ (see Berlin edition Targum Onkelos 2, p. 34).—Sanhedrin 11ᵃ וע׳ סגיאן עתידן וכ׳ and great troubles are destined to come over the world; Tosefta Sotah 13, 4 ע׳ סגיאין (correct accordingly; variant reading ע׳ רברבן); Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 8, 9; and elsewhere—5. עַקְתָא.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 10, 7ᶜ top בר נש דעָקִין (masc. form) a man of troubles (a very poor man). Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 18, 5 עָקַיָּא (edition Buber edition עקתא), see פְּנַי 2. ↗ original

עֲקָא , see עֲקֵי ↗ original

עָקַב to trace, follow. Shevuoth 47ᵇ עוֹקֵב אחר ניאף, see נָאַף. Makkoth 10ᵃ (explained עקבה, Hosea 6, 8) שהיו עוֹקְבִין להרוג וכ׳ they followed up (their victims) to commit murder; Yalkut Shimoni Hosea 523; Yalkut Shimoni Joshua 30; Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 787. to go beyond, supersede; (Biblical Hebrew to supplant). Sotah 16ᵃ בשלשה מקימות הלכה עוֹקֶבֶת מקרא in three instances the practice goes beyond the Biblical text (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) variant reading עוֹקֶמֶת, עוֹקפֶת). the same place (ibid.) כי קא חשיב עוקבת ועוקרת וכ׳ he (R. Joh.) counts such cases only where the practice goes beyond and overthrows (the text), whereas in this case עוקבת ומוספת the practice goes beyond and adds to (the text). ↗ original

עֲקַב Pa'el עַקֵּב to trace, espy. Targum Proverbs 23, 30 מְעַקְּבִין edition Lagarde edition (edition Vilna edition מְעַקְּבֵי; other edition מעקבא, correct accordingly). ↗ original

עָקֵב , to be curved) heel. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 2ᶜ top; Shabbath 62ᵇ, see גּוּדָל. Devarim Rabbah section 3 אני דורך גיתה … בעֲקֵב רגלי I shall tread Edom’s vat with the heel of my foot (see Isaiah 63, 1 and the following). Yevamoth 12, 1 סנדל שיש לו ע׳ a sandal which has a sole with a covering for the heel. Bereshith Rabbah section 22 מתלא בעֲקֵיבוֹ swinging his heel (dandy-like); Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 961 מתלה בעֲקֵיבָיו (plural). Zevachim 6, 3 (63ᵇ) יורדין על הע׳ (Mishnah edition חוזרים לע׳, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 200); Sukkah 48ᵇ חוזרין על הע׳ they turn around on their heels, i.e. go back the same way. Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 272 דשו בע׳ trod with the heel, i.e. ignored it wilfully. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 4, 7, שׁוּף 2. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 92, see שׁוּף I; and frequently (compare עֲגָבָה) haunch with thigh, posteriors. Nedarim 20ᵃ המסתכל בעֲקֵבָהּ של אשה, explained the same place (ibid.) במקום הטנופת שהוא מכוון כנגד ע׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) במקום התורפה) he who gazes at the posteriors which correspond (in shape and position) to the heel. Nazir 51ᵃ רקב הבא מן הע׳ decayed matter that seems to come from the posteriors, Rashi (Tosafoth: the heel). rear-guard. Sotah 8, 6 (44ᵃ) עקבו של עם (Yerushalmi (prefix) a. Babylonian edition עקיבו) the rear of the people.—plural עֲקֵבִים, עֲקֵבִין. Sanhedrin 108ᵇ הוא מביא לכם מבין עִקְבֵי רגליכם he will bring you (the flood) from under your heels. Tanchuma Ekeb 1 מצות … ומשליכין אותן תחת עִקְבֵיהֶן minor laws which people disregard and throw under their heels. Nazir 22ᵇ הריני נזירה בעִיקְבַיִךְ I will be a Nazarite following thy heels (example); הריני בעיקביך I will follow thy example; and elsewhere—עִקְּבוֹת foot-steps. Sotah 9, 15 (49ᵇ) (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) בע׳ משיחא (borrowed frequently Psalms 89, 52) in the footsteps of (events paving the way to) the Messiah.—[Sanhedrin the passage cited ועקב שמו, see עָקוֹב]. ↗ original

עֵקֶב the preceding) rear, consequence; (conj.) in consequence of; (homilet.) end, future world. Devarim Rabbah section 3 (play on עקב, Deuteronomy 7, 12) אבל שכרן בע׳ אני וכ׳ (not שכרו) but their full reward I shall give you in the end (after death); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 847 שכר הקרן בע׳ וכ׳. Devarim Rabbah the passage cited אני מייסר אתכם עד הע׳ I shall try you to the end (of your lives); עד שתשמרו … עד הע׳ until you shall observe my commandments to the end. ↗ original

עֵקֶב ² Chaldaic (Aramaic), see next word ↗ original

עִקְבָא = Hebrew עָקֵב, heel; curve. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 49, 17; and frequently—Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 5, 16 כד אתא מיתלי ע׳ מן ארעא when he (Abraham) began to lift his heel from the ground (from the time he attempted to walk).—plural עִקְּבִין, עִקְּבֵי, עִי׳. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 3, 15. Targum Isaiah 10, 32.—Chullin 52ᵃ ע׳ דגפי the curved ends of the wings (where they are attached to the body). (see the preceding) end, future. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis the passage cited; Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2 the same place (ibid.) עֵקֶב (construct state). ↗ original

עֶקְבָּא (the preceding) = Hebrew עֵקֶב, consequence. Targum Proverbs 22, 4 (manuscript עֲקֵיבָא). ↗ original

עֲקֵבָא see the preceding—2) (the preceding words) last, late.—plural עֲקֵבִין, עֲקֵי׳. Vayikra Rabbah section 12 אילין דעללין לחנותא קדמאין ונפקין ע׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition זה … ונפיק בתראי, incorr.) those who enter the wine shop the first and leave it the last. ↗ original

עֲקֵבָה (the preceding words) remnant; עֲקבַת יין, עֲקֵי׳ sediment; see עַכָּבָה. ↗ original

עֲקַבְיָא ʿÃḳabia, name of a Tannai. Berachoth 19ᵃ. Eduy. 5, 6; and frequently ↗ original

עָקַד (Biblical Hebrew) [to bend; compare כָּפַת,] to tie hand to foot, contradistinguished to כפת (see below). Bereshith Rabbah section 56 כל מה שהיה אברהם אבינו עוֹקֵד … הקב"ה כופת וכ׳ as Abraham was tying his son here below, so the Lord bound etc. Vayikra Rabbah section 2; and frequently—participle passive עָקוּד. Shabbath 5, 3 לא ע׳ ולא רגול, explained the same place (ibid.) 54ᵃ ע׳ עקידת יד ורגל כיצחק וכ׳ ʿaḳud refers to tying foreleg to hindleg like the tying of Isaac etc., ragul refers to bending the forefoot upward and tying it to the foreleg; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, 7ᵇ bottom of the page ע׳ בידו אחת; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4 (5), 3 (see variant reading edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.)); and elsewhere (denominative of עֲקֵידָה) to sacrifice. Rosh Hashanah 16ᵃ כאילו עֲקַדְתֶּם וכ׳ as if you offered yourselves, see עֲקֵידָה. Vayikra Rabbah section 30 (play on כפת, Leviticus 23, 40) זה יצחק שהיה כפות ועָקוּד וכ׳ this typifies Isaac, who was tied and offered up on the altar; and elsewhere —Gittin 57ᵇ אתה עָקַדְתָּ אחד ואני עָקַדְתִּי וכ׳ מזבח thou (Abraham) hast put up one altar, but I have put up seven altars (offered seven martyred sons). Nif'al נִפְעַל נֶעֱקַד to be tied; to be put on the altar. Bereshith Rabbah the passage cited זה לַעֲקוֹד וזה לֵיעָקֵד the one (ready) to sacrifice, the other to be sacrificed. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 31; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 101 האב מַעֲקִיד בכל לב והבן נ׳ וכ׳ the father offering with a whole heart, and the son offering himself with a whole heart. the same place (ibid.) רחם … שהוא אדם ובן אדם ונ׳ וכ׳ have pity on Isaac who is a human being, son of a human being, and is being offered before thee like a dumb beast; and frequently Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶעֱקִיד to tie (foreleg to hindleg). Tamid 4, 1 (30ᵇ) לא היו כופתין … אלא מַעֲקִידִין אותו (Mishnah edition מְעַקְּדִין Pi'el) they did not bind the lamb (all feet together), but tied it, explained the same place (ibid.) 31ᵇ יד ורגל כעקידת וכ׳, see above. to put on the altar. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Aḥãré, p. 170ᵇ והֶעֱקִידוֹ ע"ג המזבח and laid him tied on the altar; and elsewhere Pi'el פִּעֵל עִקֵּד same, see above. ↗ original

עֲקַד same, to tie; to offer. Targum Onkelos Genesis 22, 9. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Leviticus 22, 27. Targum 2 Esther 5, 1; and elsewhere— to bend, bow. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Exodus 4, 31. the same place (ibid.) 34, 8 (edition Vienna edition אֲקַד). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 24, 48 ועקדית Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition וגחנית). Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְעֲקַד to be tied; to be put on the altar. Targum Micah 7, 20. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Leviticus the passage cited (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 עקד גרמיה). Targum 2 Esther the passage cited; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֲקֵדָה , see sub עֲקֵיד׳. ↗ original

עָקָה (עיּק) depression, pressure; עָקת נפש mourning. Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 152, see חֲלוּקָה. ↗ original

עָקוֹב (עָקַב) [crooked, tricky,] aḳob, a thing believed to prevent (or absorb) rain. Sanhedrin 108ᵇ יש לנו … ע׳ שמו Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition ועקב) we have something, its name is ʿa.; Yalkut Shimoni Job 906 ועקב; see עָקוֹשׁ. Cmp. אִלִּיתָא. ↗ original

עֲקוּבָּה (see עֵקֶב) haunch, posteriors. Sanhedrin 96ᵃ אשתני אפיה כע׳ דכלבא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word בן יכבד אב: כעוּקְבָּא; edition והוה כי דכלבא; Yalkut Shimoni Kings 244 והוה כי כלב) his face changed so as to look like the posteriors of a dog. ↗ original

עָקוֹד ring-streaked.—plural עֲקוּדִּים. Tanchuma Vayetsé 11, see נָקוֹד; and elsewhere ↗ original

עִקּוּלָא , plural עִקּוּלֵי, see עִיקּוּלָא. ↗ original

עָקוֹם (עָקַם) curved, winding. Sukkah 32ᵃ, see מַגָּל. Eruvin 6ᵃ מבוי ע׳ a winding alley; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 18ᶜ bottom of the page ע׳ ומפולש winding but open on both sides. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 2, beginning 22ᵇ ע׳ הוא the cumin of Cyprus is crooked; and elsewhere—Fem. עֲקוּמָּה. Sukkah 4ᵃ, see דּוֹפָן. Eruvin 1, 5; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, beginning 67ᵇ (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) הות אצבעתיה ע׳ had a crooked finger; Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 4, 75ᵇ bottom of the page עֲקִימָה.—plural עֲקוּמּוֹת. Babylonian Megillah 24ᵇ (ידיו) ע׳ עקושות לא וכ׳ if his hands (fingers) are curved (inward) or bent (sideways), he must not pronounce the priestly benediction. ↗ original

עִקּוּם , see sub עִיקּ׳. ↗ original

עֲקוּמָּה , see עָקוֹם ↗ original

עָקוֹסָא , see עוּקְצָא ↗ original

עִקּוּר , see עִיקּוּר ↗ original

*עָקוֹשׁ 1 Ben ʿAḳosh, (‘Aḳish). Koheleth Rabbah to 2, 9 (perhaps to be read שאול בן קיש). ↗ original

עָקוֹשׁ 2 (עָקַשׁ) [crooked, crafty,] ʿaḳosh, a thing believed to prevent (or absorb) rain. Sanhedrin 108ᵇ ואמרי לה ע׳ שמו Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition עִקֵּשׁ; Manuscript Florence עִיקֵּשׁ, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 70) and some say, its name is ʿa., see עָקוֹב; Yalkut Shimoni Job 906 עקש. ↗ original

עֲקוּשָּׁה (the preceding) crooked, bent.—plural עֲקוּשּׁוֹת. Megillah 24ᵇ, see עָקוֹם. ↗ original

עֲקֵי (see עוּק) to press, narrow in, embarrass. Bereshith Rabbah section 49 מן דהוה חמי ההיא עקתא דהוה עָקֵי ליה (not מאן) when he saw the dilemma in which he (Abraham) had placed him. ↗ original

עֲקֵיב־ , see עָקֵב ↗ original

עֲקֵיבָא last, late, see עֲקֵבָא. consequence, see עֶקְבָּא. ↗ original

עֲקִיבָא 1 , heel. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 25, 9 (some edition עֲקֵי׳).—plural עֲקִיבַיָּא. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 2 מה יאיין עֲקִיבַיִּךְ וכ׳ how beautiful are thy heels (steps) in shoes, daughter of my friend! ↗ original

עֲקִיבָא 2 ‘Ãḳiba, a renowned Tannai who began to study at an advanced age, and who, after taking part in the insurrection of Bar Kokhba, died a martyr. Yevamoth 16ᵃ אתה הוא ע׳ בן יוסף וכ׳ art thou that ʿÃ. ben Joseph whose fame goes from one end of the world to the other? Avodah Zarah 5ᵃ כיון שהגיע לדורו של ר׳ ע׳ when he (Adam, in the revelations he received) came to the days of R. A., he rejoiced etc.; see עָצַב. Berachoth 61ᵇ (the story of his martyrdom). Sotah 5, 1. Bereshith Rabbah section 1; and very frequently—5. Friedman Darkhé Mishnah, p. 111 and the following ↗ original

עֲקֵידָה (עָקַד) tying the sacrifice before slaughtering. Tamid 4, 1 וכך היתה עֲקֵידָתוֹ and in this wise it was tied (and laid down); and elsewhere—Esp. עֲקֵידַת יצחק, or ע׳ the attempted offering up of Isaac. Rosh Hashanah 16ᵃ תקעו … ע׳ יצחק וכ׳ blow before me on a ram’s horn, that I may remember to you the offering of Isaac …, and I account it to you, as if you had offered yourselves before me. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, 65ᵈ top יי׳ יראה את נזכר להם עקידתו של וכ׳ ‘the Lord shall see’ (Genesis 22, 14), thou wilt remember to them the offering of Isaac, their ancestor, etc.; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Baḥod., p. 154ᵇ עקדת יצחק; Bereshith Rabbah section 56 תהא נזכר להם אותה העקדה; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 101 העבודה הזאת (correct accordingly); and frequently ↗ original

עֲקֵידְתָּא Targum I Chronicles 21, 15. Targum Song of Songs 1, 13 עֲקֵידַת, construct state Targum Micah 7, 20; and frequently ↗ original

עֲקִילַס ʿÃḳilas, Aquila, the alleged translator of the Bible into Greek, frequ. surnamed הַגֵּר, the proselyte, and identified with אוּנְקְלוֹס. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᶜ top תירגם ע׳ הגר וכ׳ A. the proselyte interpreted the Torah before R. El. and etc., see יְפיפָה (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 3ᵃ תרגום של תורה אונקלוס הגר אמרו מפיוכ׳). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 59ᵃ top תירגם ע׳ הגר לפני ר"ע A. the proselyte interpreted (the verse Leviticus 19, 20) before R. ʿÃḳiba. Targum Song of Songs 1, 3, see אֲתָאנַסְיָא; and frequently ↗ original

עֲקֵים , see עֲקַם ↗ original

עָקִים (the preceding) crooked, perverse. Targum Proverbs 17, 20 (edition Vilna edition עַקֵּים, Pa'el of עֲקַם). the same place (ibid.) 22, 5 (not עֲקִימָתָא).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 4, 75ᵇ bottom of the page עֲקִימָה, see עָקוֹם.—plural עֲקִימִין; feminine עֲקִימָתָא. Targum Proverbs 11, 20. ↗ original

עֲקִימָה 1 , see the preceding ↗ original

עֲקִימָה 2 (עָקַם) curvature, crookedness. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 4, 29ᵇ top (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) ע"י ע׳ תרתיי וכ׳ owing to the curvature (of the garden bed) two rows of vines disappear (become indiscernible). עֲקִימַת פה or ע׳ שפתים curving the mouth (the lips), speaking sulkily, mumbling, in gen. talk, opposite to מעשה action. Meïl. 17ᵇ מֵעֲ׳ שפתיך וכ׳ from the argument thou didst utter in an undertone one can tell that thou art a scholar. Kethuboth 45ᵇ ע׳ שפתיו גרמה לו (not גרמו) his talk (casting suspicion on his wife) brought it (the punishment) upon him. Sanhedrin 65ᵃ ע׳ שפתיו הוי מעשה talk (e.g. blasphemy, false testimony) is considered an action (can be punished), the same place (ibid.)ᵇ; Bava Metzia 90ᵇ (in reference to guiding an animal by means of a human voice). ↗ original

עֲקִימוּתָא (see the preceding) crookedness, perverseness, insincerity. Targum Proverbs 6, 12 (Hebrew text עקשות). Targum Hosea 7, 16 Regia (Bxt. עִקְמוּת), see עִמְקיּתָא. ↗ original

עֲקִימְתָּא , see עָקִים ↗ original

עֲקִיסָה , see עֲקִיצָה ↗ original

עֲקִיפִים (עָקַף) circuit. Sifré Deuteronomy 26 יהיו מחזירים איתו בע׳ they shall lead him around in a circuit (expose him to public disgrace; Devarim Rabbah section 2; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 810 בקוּמְפּוֹן). circumvention, lawyer’s trick. Bava Kamma 113ᵃ באין עליו בע׳ we bewilder him by subtle arguments; אין באין עליו בע׳ וכ׳ you must not do it, because you must sanctify the name of the Lord (by your integrity in dealing with a gentile). ↗ original

עֲקִיצָה (עָקַץ) sting. Avoth 2, 10 עֲקִיצָתָן עֲקִיצַת עקרב (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) עֲקִיסָתָן עֲקִיסַת) their sting (the scholars’ ban) is a scorpion’s sting; Bamidbar Rabbah section 3, beginning cutting fruit by the stalk. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 5, 56ᵇ top שכר ע׳ remuneration for cutting, contradistinguished to לקיטה. ↗ original

עֲקִירָא (participle passive of עֲקַר) castrate. Shabbath 152ᵃ, see אִיקָא. ↗ original

עֲקִירָה (עָקַר) tearing loose, plucking. Sanhedrin 68ᵃ למדני עֲקִירָתָן teach me, how to tear them out.—plural עֲקִירוֹת. Sifré Deuteronomy 171, see עִיקּוּר. removal from place, lifting up. Shabbath 2ᵇ כל עֲקִירַת וכ׳, see הוֹצָאָה. the same place (ibid.) 3ᵃ עקירת גופו כעקירת חפץ וכ׳ is moving one’s body (starting to walk) like lifting an object from its place?; and frequently uprooting, undoing. Yerushalmi (prefix) Horayoth 1, 46ᵃ עקירת הגוף a decision which abrogates a Biblical law entirely; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 10, 10ᵈ bottom of the page making childless, extinction. Pesikta Rabbati section 47 (referring to להשמידו, Deuteronomy 9, 20) עקירת בנים ובנות extinction of sons and daughters (see כִּילּוּי). ↗ original

עָקִישׁ , see עָקוֹשׁ I ↗ original

עָקַל to be curved, round, twisted. Pi'el פִּעֵל עִיקֵּל to curve. participle passive מְעוּקָּל. Sifré Deuteronomy 308; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 942 מקל מע׳ a crooked staff. ↗ original

עֲקַל Pa'el עַקֵּל same, to curve, see עֲקַם. ↗ original

עֵקֶל ) masculine (the preceding) a bale of loose texture containing the olive pulp to be pressed. Maasroth 1, 7; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 7 (variant reading עוקל). Tohoroth 10, 8; Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 5, end, 45ᵇ הע׳ של נצרים, see below. Shabbath 144ᵇ מוחל היוצא מע׳ בית הבד Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition מעיקול) the watery fluid which oozes out of the bale made up for the press; (Tosefta Tohoroth 10, 3 מעיקת; Rabbenu Shimshon to Tohoroth 9, 1 מן שוקת, correct accordingly). Tosefta the passage cited כינסו ועשאו עיקל (Rabbenu Shimshon the passage cited שוקת) if he collected the fluid and put it back into the bale. Sanhedrin 26ᵃ יכול לומר לע׳ בית הבד וכ׳ he (who trims vines in the Sabbatical year) may say, I need the twigs to make a bale for the press. the same place (ibid.) (proverbial expression) הלב יודע אם לע׳ אם לעקלקלות the heart knows whether it is done for ʿekel (a legitimate purpose) or out of ‘ãḳalḳaloth (perverseness); Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 4, 35ᵃ; Echah Rabbah to 1, 5; and elsewhere—plural עֲקָלִים, עֲקָלִין (or עִקָּ׳). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith the passage cited (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) לע׳ אנא בעי I need the twigs for etc., see above. Avodah Zarah 75ᵃ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 8 (9), 3 הע׳ של נצרין וכ׳ bales made of wicker or hemp etc.; Tosefta Tohoroth 11, 16 הע׳ של נוצרין. Shemoth Rabbah section 15 ע׳ של זיתים olive pulp. (from its shape) a mass of iron used for ballast. Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 1, 1. Makhshirin 5, 7 המים העולים … ובע׳ וכ׳ (edition Dehr. ובעיקל) water that comes up (and settles) in the hull, on the ballast or on the rudders; [Maimonides: in the cavity in the hull made for the reception of drippings from the deck; compare עוּקָה]. ↗ original

עִקְלָא (the preceding; compare Lat. torques) band, clasp.—plural עִקְלַיָּא, עִי׳. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 31, 50 (Hebrew text עגיל). ↗ original

עקלגסים , see קַלְגָּס ↗ original

עִקְלָן , see עִיקֵּל ↗ original

עֲקַלְקַלּוֹת tortuous ways, perverseness. Sanhedrin 26ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 4, 35ᵃ, and elsewhere, see עֵקֶל. ↗ original

עֲקַלָּתוֹן the preceding words) tortuousness; דרך ע׳ in a round about way, indirectly. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 4, 24ᵃ top מהו שישאלנו דרך ע׳ may one ask him indirectly (so as to give him an opportunity to confess his omission without compromising himself)? [[. עָקַם (compare עקב) to curve, wind. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 2, 20ᵃ bottom of the page כל מה שהפרה פושטת … הגמל עוֹקֵם וכ׳ whereas the cow stretches her neck out straight, the camel turns his neck. Vayikra Rabbah section 10, see below. Echah Rabbah to 2, 8 עוקם את חוטמו turns up his nose (at the bad odor).—Meïl. 17ᵇ ע׳ פיו ר׳ אליעזר וכ׳ R. El.… curved his mouth (pouted speaking in an undertone, see עֲקִימָה). to circumvent, supersede, see עָקַב. Pi'el פִּעֵל עִיקֵּם to curve, wind; to make a circuit. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 6, 44ᵇ bottom of the page שלשים … והיה מְעַקְּמוֹ וכ׳ the priest’s belt was thirty-two cubits long, and he wound it this way and that; Vayikra Rabbah section 10 ועוקמו לפניו ולאחוריו (read: ועִיקְּמוֹ); Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 4 (not מעמקו). Bereshith Rabbah section 50 (referring to סורו, Genesis 19, 2) אפי׳ איני כדאי עַקְּמוּ עלי את הדרך though I be not worthy (of your visit), go out of your way on my account; the same place (ibid.) עקמו עלי את הדרך כדי שלא תהיו נראים וכ׳ take a circuitous route in coming to me, that you may not be seen going to me. Bereshith Rabbah section 32 ע׳ הקב"ה שתים וכ׳ the Lord (Bible text) uses a circumlocution of two or three words (writes two or three words where one would have been sufficient) in order to avoid the word ‘unclean’; Pesachim 3ᵃ; Vayikra Rabbah section 26, beginning; and elsewhere—participle passive מְעוּקָּם; feminine מְעוּקֶּמֶת tortuous; tricky. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 5, 22ᵈ top היה הנחל מע׳ if the wady meandered. Tanchuma Vaëra 4 מה הנחש הולך מע׳ אף המלכות מְעַקֶּמֶת דרכיה as the serpent moves in tortuous lines, so the government winds its ways; כשם שהנחש מע׳ אף פרעה מע׳ as the serpent is cunning, so is Pharaoh cunning; Shemoth Rabbah section 9; and elsewhere Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעַקֵּם to wind one’s self, be artful. the same place (ibid.) כשיבוא להִתְעַקֵּם וכ׳ if he (Pharaoh) tries his tricks, go and say to Aaron etc.; Tanchuma the passage cited ↗ original

עֲקַם , Chaldaic (Aramaic) same. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 68ᵃ; Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 7 הוינא עָקֵים וכ׳, see אִסְטְרָטָא.—participle passive עָקִים, which see, frequently which עֲקִימִית. Targum Psalms 38, 7 (Hebrew text נעויתי). Pa'el פִּעֵל עַקֵּים to curve, wind. Targum Isaiah 59, 8 (edition Vilna edition עֲקִי׳ Pe.; Hebrew text עקשו). Targum Proverbs 10, 9 דמְעַקֵּם Regia (edition דמְעַקְּמָן, see below; Bxt. דמְעַקֵּל). Targum Micah 3, 9; and elsewhere—participle passive מְעַקַּם; feminine מְעַקְּמָא; plural מְעַקְּמָן Targum Proverbs 2, 15. the same place (ibid.) 10, 9 (edition Venice דמעק מן, correct accordingly), see above. ↗ original

עַקְמוּמִית (the preceding words) curve. Eruvin 14ᵃ עַקְמוּמִיתָהּ חוץ למבוי if the curved portion (of the beam placed over the entrance) is outside the alley. the same place (ibid.) כל שאילו תינטל עקמומיתה וכ׳ Munich manuscript if, after the curved portion is taken off, there remains a gap of less than etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 19ᵃ bottom of the page והוא שתהא ע׳ מן הצד provided the curve is sideways; ע׳ שהיא מעכבת וכ׳ a curve which obstructs the alley. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 40ᵃ bottom of the page דרך ע׳ היתה it was a tortuous road (on which he met her); Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᶜ top עקמומיתה (correct accordingly); and elsewhere—plural עַקְמוּמִיּוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 1, 18ᶜ bottom of the page אלו … דרך ע׳ וכ׳ those living on this side of the alley make use of the curves (on this side of the wall), and those living on the other side make use of the curves (on the other side) etc. ambush, hiding place (by the wayside).—plural as ab. Sifré Deuteronomy 20 אין לך דרך שאין בה ע׳ there is no highway without ambushes; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 804 (sing.). crookedness of the heart, insidiousness. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 7, 9 כתומי ולא כעַקְמִימוּתִי according to my simplicity, but not according to my insidiousness (sin). (see next word) hump; in a transferred sense haughtiness. Berachoth 59ᵃ לא נבראו רעמים אלא לפשוט ע׳ שבלב (Manuscript Florence לפסוק עקמומיות, plural; see Rabbinovicz Rabbenu Shimshon ad loc. (on the passage) note 400) the thunders were created to level (to cut off) the protuberance (protuberances) of the heart (to break man’s pride). ↗ original

עַקְמוּמִיתָא , hump, protuberance; in a transferred sense haughtiness. Targum Lamentations 2, 19 שדיאי … עקמומית ליביך throw out like water the protuberance of thy heart (humble thyself); Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 40, 7.–Sanhedrin 91ᵃ (speaking to a hunchback, see גְּבִיעָא) בעיטנא … ופשיטנא לעַקְמוּמִיתָךְ מינך Manuscript Karlsruhe (Munich manuscript לעַקְמִימוּתָךְ, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note; edition לעִקְמוּתָךְ) I shall kick thee and level thy hump from off thee (drive out thy conceit). ↗ original

עִקָּמוֹן (the preceding words) craft, trap. Koheleth Rabbah to 9, 14, see כִּמָּנוֹן. ↗ original

עַקְמִימוּתָא , see עַקְמוּמִיתָא ↗ original

עִקְמוּתָא (the preceding words) crookedness, insincerity. Targum Hosea 7, 16 Bxt., see עֲקִימוּתָא. protuberance, see עַקְמוּמִיתָא. ↗ original

עַקְמָן , see עוֹקְמָן ↗ original

עַקְמָנוּת (the preceding) indirectness, reserve, opposite תמימות frankness. Vayikra Rabbah section 11 בא בע׳ spoke with reserve; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 18, 27; Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 161. ↗ original

עַקְמָנוּתָא , see עוּקְמָנוּתָא ↗ original

עַקְנָא our trouble, see עָקָא. ↗ original

עֲקַס , see עֲקַץ ↗ original

עָקַף (compare עָקַב) [to bend, go around,] to circumvent; to seek occasion against. Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 5, 46ᶜ bottom of the page ומלוה … ועוֹקֵף ונוטלה ממנו he will lend him money and seek an opportunity to take it (the coveted field) from him; (Tosefta Kethuboth 12, 2 וקופץ, see Gittin 49ᵇ). to go beyond, supersede. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 59ᵈ top בשלשה מקומות ההלכה עוֹקֶפֶת למקרא וכ׳ (not התורה) on three occasions the practice supersedes the Biblical text, and on one the legitimate interpretation of the text (ignoring the rules of interpretation); Sotah 16ᵃ, see עָקַב. ↗ original

עָקַץ (compare עקב, a. Arab. ʿaḳaṣ) [to bend, twist; denominative עוּקָץ tail, point, peduncle etc.,] to cut fruit by the stalks. Peah 7, 3 ע׳ את כל האשכול Munich manuscript if he cut an entire cluster. Sanhedrin 41ᵃ ע׳ תאנה he cut figs. Bava Kamma 70ᵇ עֲקוֹץ לך תאינה מתאינתי וכ׳ cut figs (to the value of the stolen object) in my fig plantation, and take possession for me of the stolen object which thou holdest; and elsewhere to sting, prick. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 8, 12ᵇ שעֲקָצוֹ חברבר וחיה that a lizard stung him, and he recovered. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 12 אפי׳ פורטענא לא ע׳ בם not even a flea stung them; the same place (ibid.) to 5, 3 עָקְצָה. the same place (ibid.) to 2, 15 ועוֹקְצִין אותם and they pricked them (with a pin); and frequently—Esther Rabbah to 1, 12 (proverbial expression) רמזתו ולא נרמז עֲקָצַתּוּ ולא נעקץ she gave him a hint, and he did not heed it, she pricked him, and he did not feel the sting. Nif'al נִפְעַל נֶעֱקַץ to be stung, feel the sting, see above. ↗ original

עֲקַץ , to sting. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 8, 15.—Bechoroth 31ᵇ מאן דעָקֵיץ לִיעַקְצֵיה וכ׳ (Rashi: מאן דעקץ תְּעַקְצֵיה; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) מאן דעֲקַס עֲקַסְתֵּיה) let a scorpion sting him who stings (stung), i.e. he who ignored me deserves to be excommunicated. ↗ original

עָקַר [to be curved, bent; denominative עִיקָּר root,] to uproot, tear loose, detach, remove; to eradicate, undo, abolish, abrogate. Horayoth 14ᵃ עוֹקֵר הרים; Sanhedrin 24ᵃ עוקר הרי הרים, see הַר. Avoth 3, 17 הרוח באה ועוֹקַרְתּוֹ וכ׳ a wind comes and uproots it and turns it etc. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Ekha, p. 123ᵃ כל מקום שנאמר ארון עוקר דיורין ומכניס וכ׳ wherever Adon (Master) is mentioned in the Bible, it means (the landlord) that displaces tenants and imports tenants; the same place (ibid.) עוקר כנענים וכ׳ who drives out the Canaanites and brings in the Israelites. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 1, 2ᵈ; the same place (ibid.) 13, beginning 13ᵇ ממאנת … לַעֲקוֹר זיקת המת she may (on arriving at majority) refuse the Yabam, which has the effect of annulling her relation to her deceased husband. the same place (ibid.) כל עמה מודיי שהיא עוֹקֶרֶת all agree that by doing so she annuls her marriage to her deceased husband. Pesachim 101ᵇ עָקְרוּ רגליהן לצאת when they detached their feet, in order to go. Shabbath 5ᵃ ע׳ ממקומו וכ׳ (supply (understood word) רגליו) he moved from his place and received it. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 5, 63ᵃ bottom of the page, see קִיפּוּץ. Megillah 5ᵇ בקש לעקור תשעה וכ׳ wanted to abolish the fast of the Ninth of Avoth Pesachim 115ᵇ אין עוֹקְרִין את השלחן we do not remove the table (see commentary or commentaries); and very frequently—participle passive עָקוּר; feminine עֲקוּרָה; plural עֲקוּרִים, עְקוּרִין; עֲקוּרוֹת a) uprooted, torn out. Peah 6, 9 תבואה ע׳ loose (cut) grain, שאינה ע׳ still in the ground.—b) = עָקָר [rootless,] barren, impotent. Yevamoth 64ᵃ יצחק אבינו ע׳ היה Isaac was impotent; שניהם ע׳ היו both of them (Isaac and Rebecca) were impotent. the same place (ibid.) מפני מה היו אבותינו ע׳ wherefore were our ancestors childless (until they prayed)?; and frequently—Bechoroth 44ᵇ (referring to Deuteronomy 7, 14 ועקרה) שלא תהא תפלתך ע׳ וכ׳ that thy prayer shall not be fruitless before the Lord; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 884 שלא … ע׳ מלפני המקום that thy prayer shall not be removed from before the Lord; שלא יהא ביתך עקור מן התלמידים (not עקורה) that thy house shall not be deprived of scholars. to mutilate, hamstring; to make barren, see below. Nif'al נִפְעַל נֱעֶקַר to be uprooted; to be removed, eradicated, destroyed. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 3, 28ᶜ bottom of the page נֶעֶקְרוּ הראשונים if the first seeds have been taken out. Berachoth 9, 1 הרואה … מקום שנֶעֶקְרָה וכ׳ he who sees … a place from which an idol has been removed (by destruction). the same place (ibid.) 12ᵇ לא שתֵּעָקֵר … ממקומה וכ׳ not that the memory of the going out from Egypt will be removed from its place (entirely extinct) etc., see עִיקָּר. the same place (ibid.)ᵇ לא שיֵעָקֵר יעקב וכ׳ not that the name of Jacob will entirely fall into disuse; and frequently Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶעֱקִיר to make barren (עָקָר). Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 14 מפני מה הֶעֱקַרְתִּי אתכן why did I decree that you be childless? Because I desired to hear your prayer; Bereshith Rabbah section 45 עִקּרְתִּי Pi'el (or עָקַרְתִּי Kal). Pi'el פִּעֵל עִיקֵּר to uproot; to tear loose etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 42 מְעַקַּר בגפנים tried to uproot the vines (destroy the entire nation); Vayikra Rabbah section 11. the same place (ibid.) המן … לעַקֵּר וכ׳ Haman … undertook to destroy the vines; Bereshith Rabbah the passage cited ביקש לַעֲקוֹר הגפן כלה. Chullin 5, 3 המעקר he who tears loose the organs to be cut at slaughtering (see סִימָן); and frequently to unfit, mutilate, hamstring; to make barren. Treatise Smachoth, Treatise Chaldaic (Aramaic) 8 שורפין ומְעַקְּרִין לפני מלכים you may burn (clothes etc.) and hamstring horses at a king’s death; Avodah Zarah 11ᵃ עוֹקְרִין; Tosefta Shabbath 7 (8), 19 עוקרין; see עִיקּוּר. Bereshith Rabbah section 45, see above; and elsewhere Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְעַקֵּר to be made barren. the same place (ibid.) למה נִתְעַקְּרוּ האמהות וכ׳ why were the Mothers allowed to be childless? Because the Lord desired to hear their prayers; Shir HaShirim Rabbah the passage cited; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֲקַר 1 , to uproot etc. Targum 2 Kings 3, 25. Targum Jeremiah 1, 10. Targum Lamentations 3, 5; and frequently Pa'el פִּעֵל עַקֵּר to uproot, destroy; to mutilate, hamstring. Targum 2 Samuel 17, 13; and elsewhere—the same place (ibid.) 8, 4 (edition Vilna edition עֲקַר Pe.). Targum Joshua 11, 6; and elsewhere—Pesachim 115ᵇ קא מְעַקְּרֵי תכא וכ׳ they want to remove the tray before us. the same place (ibid.) 113ᵃ לא תְעַקֵּר ככא, see כַּכָּא; and elsewhere Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְעַקַּר, Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְעֲקַר, אִיעֲקַר to be uprooted, detached, removed. Targum Proverbs 2, 22. the same place (ibid.) 24, 31. Targum Psalms 76, 7; and frequently—Shabbath 63ᵇ, see וְלַד. Pesachim 101ᵃ ואִיתְעַקְּרָא ליה שרגא his lamp was upset. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 40ᶜ bottom of the page ואִיתְעַקְּרוּן and they were ruined (their trade became extinct), opposite קמון they remained in the trade. Shabbath 147ᵇ איע׳ תלמודיה his learning was uprooted; i.e. he forgot what he had learned; and elsewhere to become impotent. Yevamoth 64ᵇ איע׳ מפרקיה דרב וכ׳ became impotent through sitting at the lectures of R. H. (by suppressing his needs). Kethuboth 62ᵇ אִיעַקְּרָא דביתהו his wife had lost the faculty of conceiving; and elsewhere ↗ original

עִקָּר , see עִיקָּר ↗ original

עָקָר the preceding words) [rootless,] sterile, impotent, barren. Bechoroth 44ᵇ נמצא ע׳ he becomes impotent. the same place (ibid.) (referring to Deuteronomy 7, 14) [read:] לא יהיה בך ע׳ שלא יהיה ביתך ע׳ מן התלמידים ‘there shall be no barren one among thee’, means that thy house shall never be barren of scholars (see Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 848); Devarim Rabbah section 3 עקר ועקרה מן התשובה impotent to give a proper answer (to heretics). the same place (ibid.) לא תהא תפלתך ע׳, see עָקַר. Bereshith Rabbah section 53 לא היית אומר אברם פרדה ע׳ וכ׳ didst thou not say, Abram is a barren mule etc.?; Bava Bathra 91ᵃ (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) כודנא עקרה, see כּוּדְנָא; and frequently—Bamidbar Rabbah section 14 (play on עקרת, Numbers 7, 55) א"ת קערת אלא עֲקֶרֶת כנגד יעקב וכ׳ read not ḳaʿãrath (dish), but ʿãḳereth (uprooted), corresponding to Jacob who wrested the birthright from Reuben and gave it to Joseph.—plural עֲקָרִים; feminine עֲקָרוֹת. Bereshith Rabbah section 39 אברהם … על הע׳ וכ׳ Abraham prayed for the childless women, and they were visited. Bereshith Rabbah section 53 הרבה ע׳ נפקדו עמה many childless ones were visited at the same time with her (Sarah); and frequently ↗ original

עֲקַר 2 same. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 7, 14. Targum Psalms 113, 9; and frequently—Shabbath 152ᵃ עקר Agadoth hat-Torah (edition עיקרא), see אִיקָא. Bereshith Rabbah section 47, beginning וצווחין דא ע׳; the same place (ibid.) section 53, see יְנֵי I. Yevamoth 65ᵇ סמא דע׳ a drug which causes barrenness; and frequently—plural עַקְרִין; feminine עַקְרָן. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy the passage cited (edition Vienna edition נשין עקרין, correct accordingly). ↗ original

עִקָּרָא , see sub עִיקָּ׳. ↗ original

עַקְרָב common gender (Biblical Hebrew; probably frequently עקב, with anorg. ר; compare עַרְקוֹב) scorpion. Avoth 5, 5 ולא הזיק נחש וע׳ וכ׳ nor did ever a serpent or a scorpion harm anybody in Jerusalem. the same place (ibid.) 2, 10, see עֲקִיצָה. Shabbath 121ᵇ ע׳ שבחדייב the scorpion of Adiabene; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 14, beginning 14ᵇ. Bamidbar Rabbah section 10 היין משול בע׳ (some edition כע׳) wine is compared to a scorpion; מה ע׳ מכה בעוקצו … סופו as the scorpion wounds with its tail, so wine wounds at the end. Sifra K’dosh., Parah 1, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 2 עקצתו ע׳ if a scorpion stung him; and frequently—plural עַקְרַבִּים, עַקְרַבִּין. Shabbath the passage cited Bereshith Rabbah section 84 (referring to Genesis 37, 24) מים אין בו אבל נחשים וע׳ וכ׳ water was not, but serpents and scorpion were therein; and frequently the constellation Scorpio. Pesikta Rabbati section 20. Bamidbar Rabbah the passage cited כל שעה … אין ע׳ וכ׳ as long as Kimah (see כִּימָה) is visible, Scorpio is invisible; and frequently bit of a bridle. Kelim 11, 5. עַקְרַב בית הבד the iron-shod part of the pressbeam. the same place (ibid.) 12, 3. ↗ original

עַקְרַבָּא , scorpion. Kethuboth 50ᵃ דטרקא ליה ע׳ whom a scorpion stung. Nedarim 41ᵃ חזייה לההיא ע׳ וכ׳ (not לההוא קרוקיתא דע׳), see אַקְרוֹקְתָּא. Chagigah 5ᵃ, see זִיבּוֹרָא; and frequently—plural עַקְרַבִּין, עַקְרַבֵּי. Targum Deuteronomy 8, 15; and elsewhere—Sanhedrin 67ᵇ שדא … הוו ע׳ he poured out a little (of the water), and scorpions appeared. ↗ original

עַקְרַבָּא ² , see עַקְרַבַּת ↗ original

עַקְרַבִּין , מסקנא דע׳ the ascent of ʿAḳrabbin. Targum Onkelos Numbers 34, 4 (edition Vienna edition עַקְרַבִּים; Yerushalmi (prefix) עַקְרַבִּית); Targum Joshua 15, 3; Targum Judges 1, 36 עקרבים (Hebrew text מעלה עקרבים). ↗ original

עַקְרַבְלִין , see עַרְקבְ׳ ↗ original

עַקְרַבַּת ʿAḳrabbath, a place at a day’s distance north of Jerusalem. Maʿǎser Sheni 5, 2 Munich manuscript (edition עַקְרַבָּה; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note); Betzah 5ᵃ עקרבת Munich manuscript (edition עקרבא, עקרבה). ↗ original

עַקָרָה , see עָקָר ↗ original

עִקֶּרֶת , see עִיקָּר ↗ original

עֲקֶרֶת , see עָקָר ↗ original

עִקֵּשׁ 1 , see עָקוֹשׁ 2 ↗ original

עִקֵּשׁ 2 ʿIḳḳesh. Bechoroth 38ᵃ חזקיה אבי ע׳. ↗ original

עִקְשָׁן (see עֲקוּשָּׁה) crooked-legged, see קִישָׁן. ↗ original

עָקַת (עוּק) anguish, trouble, distress. Targum Exodus 18, 8 (edition Berlin edition עָ׳). Targum Onkelos Genesis 42, 21 עֲקַת construct state (edition Berlin edition עָקַת); and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 81 (proverb) בשעת ע׳ נדרא וכ׳ in the hour of trouble—a vow, in time of release—forgetting; Tanchuma Vayishl. 8; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 135 בשעת עקת נדר (correct accordingly); and frequently—plural עָקָן (see עָקָא), עָקָתָא. Targum Psalms 25, 22.—Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 18, 5 edition Buber edition, see פְּנֵי 2. ↗ original

עָקְתָא 2 (עקת, see עִיקְתָא 2), plural עָקְתִין narrows; in a transferred sense distress. Targum Psalms 25, 17. ↗ original

עָר [stirring up,] hater. Bereshith Rabbah section 37; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 7ᵇ bottom of the page שׁנׄעׄרׄ שׄונׄא ועׄרׄ וכ׳ Babylonia is called Shinar, because she reared an enemy and hater of the Lord (Nebuchadnezzar); Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 62 (not וצר); Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Joshua 2).—[Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 102, 18 שהיה ער, edition Buber edition, see עַרְעָר.] ↗ original

עָר ² Vayikra Rabbah section 26 [read:] הידא ליגבי שנאך הידא ליגבי עָרָךְ (see הֵידָא) why dost thou call on thy enemy, why on thy adversary?; Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 24 הידא ליה גבי ערך הידא ליה גבי חברך (correct accordingly). ↗ original

עֵר 1 awake, see עוּר I. ↗ original

עֵר 2 (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Er, son of Judah and Tamar. Bereshith Rabbah section 85 ער שהוער מן העולם his name was Er, because he was removed out of the world (died young); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 145. Yevamoth 34ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original

עַר (compare עָר) ʿar, name of a bird of prey, perh. Lammergeyer. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 11, 13 (edition Amsterdam edition עד; Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) עוזא; Hebrew text פרס); Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 14, 12 (edition Berlin edition עָר; Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 עַרְיָא; edition Amsterdam edition עַדְ׳). ↗ original

עָרָא 1 , see עָר Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original

עָרָא 2 bay-tree. Gittin 69ᵇ טרפא דע׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אטרפא דערא׳; Rashi דארעא, explained עלה של עץ ארא) bay-leaves (see Löw, Low, Aramaische Pflanzennamen, Leipzig 1881,ע׳ăronim p. 299). a species of cedar, pine.—plural עָרֵי. Bava Bathra 81ᵃ; Rosh Hashanah 23ᵃ (ערונים) ארונים ע׳ ãronim (see אֹרֶן) is (in Chaldaic) ʿaré (Rashi: laurel tree); (Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 314 ארמונים ערובי׳). ↗ original

עֲרָאָה , see the preceding ↗ original

עַרְאַי (= עַרְעַי, see עֲרַע a. אֲרַע) evil, misfortune. Sifra Bechukkothai, Parah 2, Chaldaic (Aramaic) V (referring to קרי, Leviticus 26, 23, and the following) אתם עשיתם … עריי בעולם אף אני … ע׳ וכ׳ you made my laws of justice a misfortune in the world, so I shall make you a misfortune in the world; the same place (ibid.) Chaldaic (Aramaic) 8; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 675 עראי. accident, chance, improvisation, opposite קבע. Sukkah 2ᵃ צא מדירת קבע ושב בדירת ע׳ leave the permanent, and live in a temporary dwelling. the same place (ibid.) 2, 9 כל … סוכתו קבע ודירתו ע׳ Munich manuscript (edition וביתו) during the seven days (of the Feast of Booths) man must make his booth the permanent and his dwelling the incidental residence. the same place (ibid.) 26ᵃ אכילת ע׳ an incidental meal, luncheon, opposite to אכילת קבע a regular meal. Maasroth 1, 5 אוכל מהם ע׳ וכ׳ (sub אכילת) he may make of them an irregular meal until etc.; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 11, and elsewhere אַרְעַי edition Vilna edition, other עראי. Sukkah the passage cited שינת ע׳ irregular sleep, a nap; and frequently ↗ original

עָרַב 1 [to insert, press into, interweave,] to mix, confuse. Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 808 עָרְבוּ את העיסה (or עֵרְבוּ Pi'el; not ערכו), see עִיסָה. [to substitute, put in place of,] to vouch for. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 4 אבותינו עוֹרְבִים אותנו let our ancestors be our surety (for our observance of the Law); Yalkut Shimoni Song of Songs 982. Devarim Rabbah section 3 מבקשים אתם שנַעֲרוֹב אתכס וכ׳ do you want us to guarantee to you that, if you separate your tithes properly, the mice will not attack your grain any more? the same place (ibid.) ע׳ אותן והלכו he did guarantee to them, and the mice went etc. Tanchuma Vayigg. 5 מפני מה לא עָרַבְתָּ את וכ׳ why didst thou not pledge thyself for thy brother &c?; and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל עֵירֵב to mix. Gittin 52ᵇ שמואל אמר מְעָרֵב Samuel explains (המנסך the same place (ibid.) 5, 4, see נָסַךְ), he who mixes forbidden wine with his neighbor’s permitted wine. Koheleth Rabbah to 9, 13, and elsewhere המערב מים ביין וכ׳ who puts water into wine etc., see גְּלַבְקְיָא. Moed Katan 8ᵇ אין מְעָרְבִין שמחה בשמחה you must not mix one rejoicing with another (e.g. celebrate a wedding during the Festive Week); Bereshith Rabbah section 70. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 4ᵈ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᶜ עי׳ את האותיות if one made the letters of a word of uneven sizes (so that they are not in a line). Bereshith Rabbah section 15 שלא לעָרֵב את האותיות he said המוציא in order not to confound the letters (by saying העולם מוציא); Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 6, 10ᵃ bottom of the page ראשי אותיות; and frequently—participle passive מְעוּרָב; feminine מְעוּרֶבֶת; plural מְעוּרָבִים, מְעוּרָבִין; מְעוּרָבוֹת. Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 808 וראה הפת מע׳ קיבר and saw that the bread was mixed with coarse flour. Eruvin 27ᵃ כשקרבי דגים מע׳ בהן when entrails of fish are mixed up with the brine; and elsewhere—Vayikra Rabbah section 20 (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) מעורב, see עַרְבֵּב. (denominative of עֵירוּב 2) to lay an ʿErub, to create a symbolical community of residence or continuity of action. Eruvin 3, 1 מערבין לנזיר ביין you may use wine for an ʿErub for the benefit of a Nazarite. the same place (ibid.) 84ᵇ; 87ᵇ עד שיְעָרְבוּ until they connect them symbolically by an ʿErub; and very frequently—participle passive as ab. Shabbath 16, 3 חצר המע׳ a court which has been made available for Sabbath movements by means of an ʿErub; and elsewhere to pledge. participle passive as ab. Esther Rabbah to 1, 1 (referring to בני התערבות, 2 Chronicles 25, 24) שהיו מְעוּרָבוֹתֵיהֶן של אבותיהן they were the hostages for their fathers. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעָרֵב, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְעָרֵב to be mixed. Chullin 6, 5 דם שנ׳ במים if blood (which requires covering up, see כִּיסּוּי) has been mixed with water. Tosefta Terumoth 5, 15 פרוסות … שנִתְעָרְבוּ וכ׳ if pieces of show-bread have become mixed up with a hundred times as many pieces of secular bread; Yevamoth 81ᵇ פרוסה … שנִתְעָרְבָה וכ׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) Orlah 2, 61ᵈ bottom of the page Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 3 מה השמן הזה אין מִתְעָרֵב … אין מִתְעָרְבִים וכ׳ as oil cannot be mixed with other liquids, so Israel should not be mixed with the nations of the world; and frequently ↗ original

עֲרַב to vouch for, be surety for. Targum Proverbs 6, 1. Targum Job 17, 3; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 1, 22ᵃ top אמרו ליה עוֹרְבָן ועַרְבוֹן וכ׳ they said to him, pledge thyself to us (that the mice will not attack our produces, if we separate the tithes properly, see the preceding), and he did pledge himself to them, and they suffered no longer (see נְכֵי). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᶜ bot ריגלוי … עַרְבוּנֵיה למיקמתיה וכ׳ (not ערבתיה) man’s feet are pledged to place him where he is wanted (to die); Sukkah 53ᵃ רגלוהי … אינון עַרְבִין ביה וכ׳. Bechoroth 48ᵇ מכדי נכסוהי … ערבין ביה is a man’s property pledged for his personal debts (that you can seize it, even if it is sold)?; Bava Bathra 174ᵃ ניכסי … ערבין ביה Munich manuscript (edition מערבין יתיה) a man’s property is pledged for him (you can attach it without previous summons); and elsewhere to mix, see below, a. עָרִיב. to combine. Bava Kamma 65ᵇ עַרְבֵיה, see פְּסַק Af Pa'el פִּעֵל עָרֵיב to mix; to mix up, confound. Targum Onkelos Genesis 30, 40 (Bxt. עֲ׳ Pe.; Yerushalmi (prefix) עַרְבֵּיב׳). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 7, 23 (edition Vienna edition וִיעַרְבִּ׳ Pe.; Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 ויערבב׳); and elsewhere—Chullin 6ᵃ כמאן דע׳ בידים דמי it is as if he had mixed it (added leaven and spices) with his own hands. Avodah Zarah 39ᵇ דילמא מייתי ומְעָרֵב ביה lest he bring (unclean milk) and mix it with the clean milk; and elsewhere—participle passive מְעָרַב, מְעַרַב; plural מְעַרְבִין, מְעַרְבֵי. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 16, 18 (not מְעַרְבּ׳, מֵ׳). Targum Exodus 30, 35 (edition Vienna edition מַעֲרַב Af'el) well-mixed, seasoned (Hebrew text מְמֻלָּח). Targum Isaiah 1, 22 (edition Vilna edition מַעֲרָב Af'el); and elsewhere—Shabbath 85ᵇ והא קא מערבי להדי הדדי Munich manuscript (edition מִיתְעָרְבֵי בהדדי, Ithpaal) but will not the leaves of the seeds grow into each other? to lay an ʿErub (see the preceding Pi'el 2). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 16, 5 וִיעָ׳ (edition Vienna edition ויעַ׳, correct accordingly).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 1, 61ᵇ top אנשינן מְעָרְבָה we forgot to make ʿErub Tabshilin (see עֵירוּב); and elsewhere to vouch, be surety. participle passive as ab. Targum Onkelos Genesis 44, 32 מְעָרַב (not מְעָרֵב). Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִיתְעָרֵב, Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִיעֲרֵיב to be mixed. Targum Joshua 23, 7. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 7, 3 (Hebrew text תתחתן); and elsewhere—Shabbath the passage cited, see above.—Avodah Zarah the passage cited אי משום אִיעֲרוּבֵי shall we apprehend an admixture (of wine in the honey)? Zevachim 76ᵃ סוף סוף איערובי מִיעֲרַב at the end it is mixed up. the same place (ibid.) דאיע׳ when it became mixed; the same place (ibid.) 75ᵇ דאִיעֲרוּב Munich manuscript (edition דאיעבד) when things have become mixed; and elsewhere—[Avodah Zarah the passage cited ולא מיערב, read מְעָרֵב.] ↗ original

עָרַב 2 see the preceding; compare Assyr. ʿerêbu to go in, Delitzsch, Friedrich Assyr. Handw., p. 126) to go in, (compare בּוֹא) to set.—Denom. עֶרֶב. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶעֱרִיב same. Nega'im 14, 3 ה׳ שמשו when his (the leper’s seventh day’s) sun has set; Yevamoth 74ᵇ; Pesachim 35ᵃ; and elsewhere—5. הַעֲרֵב. (denominative of עֶרֶב) to be late, to do late in the day. Vayikra Rabbah section 19, beginning (play on שחרות כעורב, Song of Songs 5, 11) מי שמשחיר ומַעֲרִיב בהן who works at them (studies the words of the Law) early and late; ע"י שהשחיר והע׳ בתורה because he was engaged in the Law early and late; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to the passage cited; Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 5; and elsewhere—5. הַעֲרָבָה. to cause the evening to come. Berachoth 12ᵃ, and elsewhere מַעֲרִיב עֲרָבִים (‘blessed be thou, O Lord,) who causest the evenings to advance’, name of one of the benedictions preceding the recitation of the evening Sh’mʿa. ↗ original

עֲרַב ² Ithpeel אִיעְרַב to set. Berachoth 2ᵇ אי׳ שמשא וכ׳ when the sun is set, the day is gone (see דְּכִי). the same place (ibid.) וכי תימא מכי אי׳ שמשא וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition עַרְבָא שמשא) and if you say, when the sun sets, we call it night etc.; Megillah 20ᵇ מכי ערבא וכ׳ (missing in Munich manuscript). ↗ original

עָרֵב 1 [to be well-mixed, seasoned, compare especially Targum Exodus 30, 35,] to be sweet, pleasant. Echah Rabbah to 1, 9 יֶעֱרַב לך, see בָּסֵם. Devarim Rabbah section 8 יערב עליכם much good may it do you; and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל עֵירֵב to sweeten; to gladden, humor. Sifré Deuteronomy 306 מְעָרְבִים וכ׳, see עָדַן.—participle passive מְעוּ֫רָב; feminine מְעוּרֶבֶת. Kethuboth 17ᵃ לעולם תהא דעתו של אדם מע׳ עם הבריות at all times man’s disposition should be sweet in associating with men, i.e. sympathize with their feelings; Treatise Derekh Erets Chaldaic (Aramaic) 6. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶעֱרִיב to cause to be sweet, pleasing. Berachoth 11ᵇ הַעֲרֶב נא וכ׳ let, I pray thee, the words of thy Law be sweet in our mouths etc. ↗ original

עָרִב 2 the preceding) spiced, sweet; pleasing. Demai 1, 3 שמן ע׳ spiced (perfumed) oil; Tosefta Shevi'ith 6, 8. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 4 שקולו ע׳ because his voice is sweet; and frequently—plural עֲרֵבִים, עֲרֵבִין, עֲרֵי׳. Bereshith Rabbah section 50 בשעה … ע׳ להם היו אומרים לו גש הלאה וכ׳ when he spoke to them words that pleased them, they said, come near etc. Avodah Zarah 35ᵃ (referring to Song of Songs 1, 2) ע׳ עלי דברי דודיך וכ׳ the words of thy friends (the scholars) are sweeter to me than the wine of the Law; and frequently—Fem. עֲרֵבָה, עֲרֵי׳. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 2 [read:] מה מים … אינן ערבין בגופי כך תורה … אינה ע׳ בגופו as water does not taste well, if one is not thirsty, so it is with the Law, unless a man wearies himself in studying it, he does not get the taste of it; and frequently—plural עֲרֵבוֹת, עֲרֵי׳. the same place (ibid.) to 5, 11 (play on כעֹרֵב, the same place (ibid.)) ע׳ הן עלי they are pleasing to me. ↗ original

עָרֵּב Chaldaic (Aramaic), see עָרִיב ↗ original

עָרֵב 3 (עָרַב 1, 2) bondsman, surety. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 4 הבא לי ע׳ וכ׳ bring me one to go security, and I shall lend thee. the same place (ibid.) כשאין … הלא הע׳ if he has nothing to pay with, who is seized but the surety? Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 8 (referring to Proverbs 6, 1) בשעה שהזקן … עד שלא נתמנית לא היית ע׳ על וכ׳ when a man is appointed an elder, the Lord says to him, before thou wast appointed, thou wast not responsible for the community, now that thou hast been appointed etc. Bava Bathra 10, 7 המלוה … על ידי ע׳ לא יפרע מן הע׳ he who loans money to his neighbor through a surety, cannot collect from the surety (before having sued the debtor). the same place (ibid.) 8 איזהו ע׳ שהוא חייב וכ׳ what guarantor is responsible? He who says, ‘lend him, and I shall pay thee’ (i.e. who guaranteed before the loan was consummated); and frequently—plural עֲרֵבִים, עֲרֵבִין, עֲרֵי׳. Shir HaShirim Rabbah the passage cited בשעה שעמדו … הביאו לי ע׳ טובים וכ׳ when the Israelites were standing before mount Sinai to receive the Law, the Lord said … bring me good sureties (to vouch for you) that you will guard it; the same place (ibid.) אבותיכם צריכין ע׳ your ancestors need sureties themselves; the same place (ibid.) הא ודאי ע׳ וכ׳ these (your children) are certainly good sureties, and on their account I will give you the Law; Midrash Tehillim the passage cited the same place (ibid.) ע׳ אתם על אבותיכם שאם וכ׳ will you vouch for your fathers, so that you be seized, if they do not observe the Law? the same place (ibid.) שהיו ע׳ זה לזה they made themselves responsible for one another. Sanhedrin 27ᵇ bottom of the page (referring to Leviticus 26, 37) מלמד שכל ישראל ע׳ זה בזה Munich manuscript (edition שכולן) this intimates that all Israelites are responsible for one another (bound to prevent wrongdoing); Shevuoth 39ᵃ bottom of the page; and frequently ↗ original

עֹרֵב , see עוֹרֵב ↗ original

עֶרֶב sunset, evening. Berachoth 1, 3, and the following בָּעֶ׳ in the evening (at prayer); and very frequently—Transferred decline. Bereshith Rabbah section 50 בָּעֶרֶב בָּא עַרְבָהּ של סדום baʿereb (Genesis 19, 1), the evening of Sodom has come. Esther Rabbah introduction מי יתן ערבה, see בֹּקֶר; and frequently entrance, the day preceding a certain day, the year preceding a certain period, eve. Shabbath 2, 7 ע׳ שבת (abbreviated or abbreviation ע"ש) on Friday. Pesachim 99ᵇ ע׳ הפסח the eve of the Passover. Taanith 4, 7 ע׳ תשעה באב the day preceding the ninth of Avoth Shevi'ith 1, 1 ע׳ שביעית the year preceding the Sabbatical year; and very frequently—Dual עַרְבַּיִם. Berachoth 26ᵇ, and frequently בין הע׳ the time between the beginning of the decline of the sun and sunset (see מִנְחָה), afternoon.—plural עֲרָבִים, construct state עַרְבֵי. Berachoth 12ᵃ, see עָרַב 2. [עֲרָבִין, see עַרְבִית.]—Pesachim 10, 1 ערבי פסחים (Babylonian edition 99ᵇ ערב, Munich manuscript ערבי). the same place (ibid.) 99ᵇ ע׳ שבתות וימים טובים the eves of Sabbaths and Festivals; and very frequently ↗ original

עֲרָב 1 (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person ʿÃrab, son of Ishmael. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 25, 13 (Hebrew text קדר). Arabia. Targum Jeremiah 25, 24. ↗ original

עֲרָב 2 ʿÃrab, near Sepphoris in Upper Galilee (see Neubauer Geographie du Talmud, Paris 1868 p. 204). Shabbath 16, 7. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 16, end, 15ᵈ שמונה … יתיב בהדא ע׳ וכ׳ (not יהיב) eighteen years he (R. Joh. ben Zaccai) dwelled in that place ʿĂrab, and only those two cases came before him. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 67ᶜ bottom of the page Tosefta Bava Kamma 6, 22; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 6, 5ᶜ ↗ original

עֵרֶב woof, opposite שתי warp. Kelim 1, 5 חוט ע׳ a thread of the woof (thicker than that of the warp). Niddah 25ᵇ כשל ע׳ as thick as a thread of the woof; and frequently—Transferred the latitudinal direction, opposite to שתי longitudinal direction. Shabbath 85ᵇ אם היו זרועין שתי זורען ע׳ if the beds (in a square) were planted lengthwise, he must plant (on the interspaces) crosswise. Chullin 109ᵇ קורעו שתי וע׳ he tears it (the udder) lengthwise and crosswise. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 3, 42ᵃ bottom of the page משהילכו בהן שתי וע׳ as soon as they trod on them (the grapes) once lengthwise and crosswise; and frequently—[In later Hebrew שתי וע׳ cross, emblem of Christianity.] mixture; ע׳ רב (= ערברב) mixed multitude. Tanchuma Ki Thissa 30. Betzah 32ᵇ הני מע׳ רב וכ׳ they are descendants of the mixed multitude (that came from Egypt); and elsewhere, see עֵירַבְרְבִין. ↗ original

עַרְבָא 1 , woof. Targum Leviticus 13, 48, and the following (O. edition Berlin edition עִירְ׳).—Avodah Zarah 17ᵇ הי דשתיא והי דע׳ which coil is for the warp, and which for the woof?; and elsewhere ↗ original

עַרְבָא 2 = Hebrew עָרֵב 3, bondsman, surety. Bava Bathra 173ᵇ בתר ע׳ אזלי they (the Persian courts) go for the surety (without suing the debtor at all). the same place (ibid.) 174ᵃ ע׳ דיתמי a bondsman for heirs, i.e. one who had gone security for the decedent. Sotah 37ᵇ ע׳ וע׳ דע׳ איכא בינייהו the difference between the two opinions lies in the question whether each bondsman (for the entire people at the covenant of Sinai) was also a bondsman for the bondsman, i.e. responsible for those failing to prevent wrongdoing. Gittin 28ᵇ (proverbial expression) עַרְבָיךְ ע׳ צריך thy bondsman requires a bondsman, i.e. he on whom you rely for vigilance might be neglectful himself; Sukkah 26ᵃ ערביך ע׳ צריך thy watchman might likewise fall asleep. Shabbath 140ᵇ ואנא ע׳ and I vouch for it; and frequently ↗ original

ערְבָּא = Hebrew עֲרָבָה, willow.—plural עַרְבִּין, (עַרְבִ׳). Targum Leviticus 23, 40. Targum Job 40, 22.—5. עֲרַבְתָּא. ↗ original

עָרְבָּא raven, see עוּרְבָּא. ↗ original

עֲרָבָאָה , see עֲרָבִי Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original

עִרְבֵּב (reduplic. of עָרַב I) to mix up, confound, disturb. Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 3, end 59ᵃ עי׳ את המזלות he (Moses) confounded the order of the planets. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 9 היו מְעַרְבְּבִין אותם they (the lightnings) confused their ranks; the same place (ibid.); Mechilta Beshallach section 5 עִרְבְּבָן הממן, see הָמַם. Tanchuma Vaëra 5 (referring to יהולל, Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 7, 7) מערבבין אותו, see עָסַק. Vayikra Rabbah section 20 אם אני … הריני מְעַרְבֵּב שמחת וכ׳ if I put him to death now, I shall disturb my daughter’s wedding feast. Koheleth Rabbah to 2, 2 [read:] ועִירְבַּבְתִּים I confounded them, see הוּל. Rosh Hashanah 16ᵇ כדי לעַרְבֵּב השטן in order to confound (silence) the accuser; and frequently—participle passive מְעיּרְבָּב; feminine מְעוּרְבֶּבֶת; plural מְעוּרְבָּבִין; מְעוּרְבָּבוֹת. Tanchuma Aḥăré 1 (referring to Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 2, 2) מה מע׳ שחוק של וכ׳ how confounded (mad) is the laughter of the gentiles in their theatres and circuses! the same place (ibid.) מה מע׳ שחוק ששחקה מדת הדין על דור וכ׳ how the laughter was confounded which Divine Justice laughed over the generation of the flood, i.e. how the divine indulgence towards the sinful generation was abused! the same place (ibid.) מה מע׳ … עם אלישבע וכ׳ how the rejoicing was disturbed which Divine Justice allowed Elisheba etc.; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Aḥăré, p. 170ᵃ מה מעורבב הוא השמחה (correct accordingly); Koheleth Rabbah the passage cited Mechilta Beshallach section 1 אין נבוכים אלא מע׳ n’bokhim (Exodus 14, 3) means perplexed. Sanhedrin 42ᵃ כדי שלא … מע׳ that they should not leave the court in perplexity (see עָמַם). Shemoth Rabbah section 11 חיות ועופות מע׳ various kinds of beasts and birds, see עָרוֹב; and elsewhere ↗ original

עַרְבֵּב Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 30, 40. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 7, 23 (see עֲרַב I). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 23, 8; and frequently—Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Aḥăré, p. 170ᵃ (explained להוללים, Psalms 75, 5) למְעַרְבָּבַיָּא to those creating confusion; Vayikra Rabbah section 20, see חַלְחוֹלִית; the same place (ibid.) section 17 (explained בהוללים, Psalms 73, 3) במערבא אמרי, read: במערבביא. participle passive מְעַרְבַּב, מְעַרְבְּבָא. Koheleth Rabbah to 2, 2, see דְּחוּכָא; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Aḥăré, p. 169ᵇ מעורבב; Vayikra Rabbah section 20 מעורב. ↗ original

עֲרָבָה 1 עֲרָבִים plural; עָרַב I, see אֲרַבְתָּא) willow, willow-branch, especially the boughs of the willow attached to the Lulab, and the willow branch used in the Temple in procession around the altar during the Succoth festival. Sifra Emor, Parah 12, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 16, and elsewhere (referring to Leviticus 23, 40) ערבי נחל שתים ע׳ ללולב וע׳ למקדש ‘willows of the brook’ alludes to two, one willow for the Lulab, and one for the Temple procession. Sukkah 34ᵃ עשר נטיעות ע׳ ניסוך וכ׳ the law concerning ten young trees (Shevi'ith 1, 6), the custom of the procession with the willow branch, and that of the water libation are Sinaitic traditions (see הֲלָכָה). the same place (ibid.) ע׳ קנה שלה וכ׳ the willow (fit for the religious ceremony) has a red stem, its leaves are elongated, and their outlines plain (not curved or serried). the same place (ibid.) 4, 1 לולב וע׳ וכ׳ for the ceremony of the Lulab and of the willow branch there are six or eventually seven days. the same place (ibid.) 3 יום שביעי של ע׳ the seventh day of Succoth which is the special day for the ʿĂrabah (= יום הושענא, see הוֹשַׁעְנָא); and frequently—plural עֲרָבוֹת. the same place (ibid.) 3, 4 שלשה הדסים ושתי ע׳ in the Lulab there must be three myrtle boughs and two willow boughs; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֲרָבָה 2 [confusion,] deserts. Sifré Deuteronomy 20 אם כשהייתם בארץ ע׳ ושוחה וכ׳ you wanted no spies when you were in the land of deserts and pits, and now that you enter a good and open land …, you ask for spies? ↗ original

עֲרָבָה 3 = הַעֲרָבָה. Vayikra Rabbah section 19, beginning some edition ↗ original

עֲרֵבָה , see עֲרֵיבָה ↗ original

עַרְבוּ ʿArbu. Bereshith Rabbah section 33 (referring to הערבים I Kings 17, 6) עיר היא … ושמה ע׳ (edition Vilna edition עַרְבִי) there is a town in the district of Bethshean whose (Chaldaic) name is ʿArbu (ʿArbi, so that ʿor’bim may refer to the inhabitants of that place, see Chullin 5ᵃ). ↗ original

עִרְבּוּב (עִרְבֵּב) mixture, fusion; confusion. Shabbath 85ᵇ בא ע׳ וביטל וכ׳ the interlacing (of the plants overgrowing the ditch between them) undoes the ditch (as a separation); the same place (ibid.) אין ע׳ מבטל Munich manuscript (edition עירובו, correct accordingly); Bereshith Rabbah section 4 לעִרְבּוּבוֹ, see מַחֲלוֹקֶת; and elsewhere—plural עִרְבּוּבִים, עִי׳. Bereshith Rabbah section 49 (referring to Genesis 18, 25) עִירְבּוּבֵי שאילות יש כאן there is a fusion of questions in this sentence (an interchange of queries between Abraham and God); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 83. ↗ original

עִרְבּוּב ² , mixture, motley crowd; confusion. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 8, 17, and the following ע׳ חיות ברא (Hebrew text עָרֹב).—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 7, 23; 28, 20 (Hebrew text מהומה).—plural עִרְבּוּבִין, עִי׳. Targum Psalms 78, 45 עִרְבּוּבֵי חיות ברא, see above. the same place (ibid.) 105, 31 (some edition עירבויין, correct accordingly).—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 12, 20 (see Pesachim 43ᵃ).—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2 the same place (ibid.) 38 (Hebrew text ערב רב). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 19, 19. ↗ original

עַרְבּוּבְיָא (the preceding) mixture, confusion, tumult, motley crowd. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 1, 22.—Sifré Deuteronomy 20 (referring to Deuteronomy the passage cited) בע׳ ילדים וכ׳ in a motley crowd, children pushing old men etc. Bamidbar Rabbah section 12 (referring to Exodus 35, 22) שהיו … ובאו אנשים ונשים בע׳ they pushed one another, and men and women came in a mixed crowd. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 4 כל מלחמה … מלחמת עי׳ היא a battle in which more than sixty thousand are engaged is a tumultuous battle. Chullin 60ᵃ אם רצונו של הקב"ה בע׳ וכ׳ if the Lord wanted a motley growth, why did he say, ‘after its kind’ with regard to trees? Yalkut Shimoni Esther 1056 (referring to נבוכה, Esther 3, 15) הפיל הקב"ה בכיה וע׳ וכ׳ the Lord cast weeping and confusion into Susan; and elsewhere—(Adv.) irregularly. Kilayim 5, 1 כרם שהוא נטוע ע׳ a vineyard which is planted irregularly. Vayikra Rabbah section 36 (referring to Psalms 80, 9) מה הגפן הזו אין נוטעין אותה ע׳ וכ׳ as vines are not planted at random, but in rows, so Israel etc. ↗ original

עִרְבּוּבִיתָא (the preceding) entanglement, tangles and scabs formed through uncleanliness. Nedarim 81ᵃ ע׳ דרישא מיתיא וכ׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) חרפופיתא) tangles of the head cause blindness; ע׳ דמאני scabs arising from neglected clothes; ע׳ דגופא from neglect of the body. the same place (ibid.) צערא דע׳ (Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 787 דחיפופיתא) the suffering caused by scabs etc.—plural עִרְבּוּבְיָתָא. the same place (ibid.) הזהרו בע׳ be on your guard against the consequences of uncleanliness. ↗ original

ערבויין , see עִרְבּוּבָא ↗ original

עֵרָבוֹן (עָרַב 1) mingling, suit of followers. Avodah Zarah 39ᵃ מפני שעֵרְבוֹנָהּ עולה עמה (Rashi to 35ᵇ a. see והחילק: שעירבונה) because its following goes with it (borrowed frequently Exodus 12, 38), i.e. because all the small fish resembling the ḥilleḳ are packed with it when offered for sale. ↗ original

עֵרָבוֹן ² pledge, earnest-money. Bava Metzia 48ᵇ הנותן ע׳ … עֵרְבוֹנִי מחול לך והלה … אכפול לך עֵרְבוֹנְךָ if a man gives an earnest to his neighbor and says, if I retract, my earnest shall be forfeit to thee; and the neighbor says, if I retract, I shall double thy earnest to thee; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 17, and the following Esther Rabbah to 3, 10 מנהגו של עולם דרכו של לוקח ליתן ע׳ וכ׳ ordinarily it is the purchaser that gives an earnest to the seller, but here the seller (Ahasuerus) gives a pledge (his ring); Ruth Rabbah to 4, 8. Pesachim 118ᵇ (referring to Judges 5, 21) אמר הקב"ה … צא והשלם ערבונך the Lord said to the brook Kishon, go and surrender thy pledge (Sisera’s men bathing in the brook). Avoth 3, 16 הכל נתון בע׳ every thing is given against a pledge, i.e. life and possession are a loan for which you are pledged to the Lord; and frequently going security.—plural עֵרְבוֹנוֹת. Yevamoth 109ᵃ ויתרחק … ומן הע׳ (Rashi ערבון) and should keep aloof from cases of protest (see מִיאוּן), from trusts, and from going security (Bereshith Rabbah section 93, beginning מלעשות ערבות וכ׳). ↗ original

עַרְבוֹנָא Shabbath 105ᵇ ע׳ שקלי מיניה do they (in heaven) take a pledge of him (take his children in order that he may at some future time mourn over the death of worthies)?; Moed Katan 25ᵃ ↗ original

עֲרֵבוּת (the preceding words) security, pledge. Bava Bathra 174ᵃ כולן לשון ע׳ הן all these expressions mean only guaranty, opposite to קבלנות an unconditional agreement to pay a neighbor’s debt. Bereshith Rabbah section 93, beginning מלעשות ע׳ בין אדם לחבירו from going security in transactions between a man and his neighbor (see עֵרָבוֹן 2); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 150. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 119, 121 עשינו עֲרֵבוּתֵינוּ עשה וכ׳ we have done what we were pledged to do, do thou now thy duty. Shemoth Rabbah section 27 הכנסת עצמך לע׳ זו ליעשות ראש (not זה) thou hast made thyself enter this pledge, that thou mayest become the head (victor in the contest). the same place (ibid.) ומה היתה עֲרֵבוּתָן and what was their pledge? (Answ. referring to Exodus 24, 7). the same place (ibid.) ואם לאו תענשו בע׳ but if you will not guard the Law, you will be fined by that pledge (forfeit your children’s life). Tanchuma Vayigg. 5; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֲרָבוֹת 1 feminine plural (Biblical Hebrew, Psalms 68, 5) a poetical name forʿĂraboth heaven, (in Talmud) ע׳ masculine ʿÃraboth, name of the seventh heaven. Chagigah 12ᵇ ע׳ שבו צדק וכ׳ ʿĂ. in which dwell Righteousness, Justice etc. [the same place (ibid.) שוכן עליהם בע׳, omit בע׳; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 7).—Targum Psalms 68, 5. ↗ original

עֲרָבוֹת 2 ʿÃraboth (Steppes), in Babylonia. Nazir 43ᵇ פקתא דע׳ the valley of ʿĂ. (dangerous on account of robbers); Berachoth 54ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) כי מטא לע׳ when he came again to ʿA. ↗ original

עַרְבוּתָא feminine = Hebrew עֲרֵבוּת. Targum Proverbs 17, 18 (manuscript עְרוּבְתָּא; Hebrew text עֲרֻבָּה). ↗ original

עַרְבִי proper noun of a place, see עַרְבוּ ↗ original

עֲרָבִי (Biblical Hebrew) Arab; Arabian. Yevamoth 71ᵃ לאיתויי ע׳ מהול to include a circumcised Arab (as forbidden to partake of the Passover meal); and frequently—plural עַרְבִיִּים, עַרְבִיִּין. Oholoth 18, 10 אהלי הע׳ the tents of the (nomadic) Arabs. Kelim 24, 1, see דִּיצָה; and frequently—Fem. עֲרָבִית or עַרְבִית; plural עַרְבִיּוֹת. Shabbath 6, 6 ע׳ יוצאות וכ׳ (Jewish) Arabian women may go out (on the Sabbath) veiled. ↗ original

עֲרָבי Targum Isaiah 13, 20 (edition Lagarde edition עַרְבַאי). Targum I Chronicles 27, 30 (Hebrew text ישמעאלי).—Bava Bathra 56ᵃ, see next word—plural עֲרָבָאֵי, עַרְבָ׳, עַרְבָאִין. Targum Genesis 37, 25. Targum Jeremiah 3, 2. the same place (ibid.) 25, 24 (Hebrew text העֶרֶב); and frequently—Bava Bathra 168ᵇ הנהו ע׳ דאתו וכ׳ Arabs came to Pumb’ditha and seized land by force. ↗ original

עֲרַבְיָא Arabia. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 69ᵇ top, see מַטּוּל 3. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 6, beginning 36ᵇ (transl. הקיני, Genesis 15, 19) ע׳; Bereshith Rabbah section 44, end עֲרַבְיָה (some edition); Bava Bathra 56ᵃ עַרְבָאָה (transl. of הקנזי). Rosh Hashanah 26ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original

עֲרָבִית Arabian woman, see עֲרָבִי Hebrew ↗ original

עַרְבִית (עֶרֶב) evening time; (supply (understood word) תפלת) evening prayer. Berachoth 1, 1 (Yerushalmi (prefix) a. Babylonian edition בעֲרָבִין). the same place (ibid.) 9ᵇ גאולה של ע׳ the section on redemption in the evening prayer; תפלה של ע׳ the Prayer of Benedictions in the evening prayer; and very frequently—(Adv.) at evening. Shabbath 118ᵃ קערות שאכל בהן ע׳ dishes which have been used at the (Sabbath) evening meal; and frequently—plural עַרְבִיּוֹת (see עֶרֶב) the eves of Sabbaths, Holy Days etc. Eruvin 41ᵃ משלימין בו ע׳ we fast the entire day preceding. ↗ original

עַרְבֵּל (Palel of ערב, see עַרְבֵּב) to confound, disturb. Targum Esther 1, 10.—participle passive מְעַרְבַּל, plural מְעַרְבְּלִין. Targum Onkelos Exodus 14, 3 (Hebrew text נבכים). ↗ original

עַרְבְּלָא , see אַרְבְּלָא ↗ original

עַרְבְּלָאִין (עַרְבֵּל) mixed multitude, rabble. Targum Song of Songs 1, 9; see עֵירַבְרְבִין. ↗ original

עַרְבָנוּתָא = Hebrew עֲרֵבוּת, security, guaranty. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 39, 1. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Exodus 22, 24. ↗ original

עֲרַבְרְבִין , see עֵירַבְרְבִין ↗ original

עֲרַבְתָּא = Hebrew עֲרָבָה I, willow, especially the willow branches carried in procession on the seventh day of Succoth (see הוֹשַׁעְנָא); יומא דע׳, or ע׳ (supply (understood word) יום) the seventh day of Succoth. Sukkah 34ᵃ, see חִלְפְּתָא. Eruvin 29ᵇ, see סוּגְיָינָא.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 4, beginning 54ᵇ דלא תעבדון … ולא ע׳ בשבתא that you do not appoint the blowing of the Shofar (the first day of Tishri) on a Sabbath, nor the day of the ʿĂrabta on a Sabbath. the same place (ibid.) ולא תעבדין ע׳ omit the procession with the willow-branches. the same place (ibid.) עֲרוּבְתָּא דיומא שביעיא, see מַפְשׁוּטִיתָא; Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 4, 43ᵈ top ערוב׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 1, 33ᵇ bottom of the page ערב׳.—plural עַרְבָתָא. Shabbath 20ᵇ Munich manuscript (edition ארבתא), see אֲרַבְתָּא. ↗ original

עָרַג onomatopoetic) to groan (of the deer), pant. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 42 מה האילת … ועוֹרֶגֶת להקב"ה וכ׳ as the hind when travailing feels pain and cries to the Lord, and he answers her etc.; the same place (ibid.) כשם שהאילת עורגת וכ׳ (Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 741 צווחת). ↗ original

ערגיות , see עֲרוּגָה ↗ original

עַרְגֵּל (Parel of עגל) to roll. Targum Proverbs 26, 27 מְעַרְגֵּל (edition Lagarde edition מְעַרְגֵּיל; Hebrew text גלל). ↗ original

עָרַד (compare עָרַר) to stir up; to drive. Bereshith Rabbah section 23, beginning (play on עירד, Genesis 4, 18) עוֹרְדָן אני העולם I shall drive them out of the world (by the flood); the same place (ibid.) section 24, end; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 38 טורדן (correct accordingly). ↗ original

עֲרָד , see עָרוֹד Chaldaic (Aramaic)—[Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 22, 14; 17, see עֲרַר 2.] ↗ original

עַרְדָּא , plural עַרְדֵּי mushroom, see אַרְדָּא I. ↗ original

ערדבלין , corruption of אִדְרַבְלִין (see אִדְרַבְלָא). Bereshith Rabbah section 23; section 50 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word הדרוליס. ↗ original

ערדילו , Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 10, end, 37ᵈ, read: עַרְדֵּי לי, or עַרְדִּילֵי, see אַרְדָּא I ↗ original

עַרְדִּילִין (probably from their shape and softness, see אַרְדִּילָא) felt-soles with heels. Betzah 15ᵃ ערדי׳ Munich manuscript (edition ערדל׳; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) עדרילין; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). ↗ original

עַרְדִּיסְקָא , see sub עַרְדַּסְק׳. ↗ original

עַרְדְּלִין , see עַרְדִּילִין ↗ original

ערדסיא , see next word ↗ original

עַרְדַּסְקוֹס … proper noun of a place ʿArdascus, Ardiscus (ʿArdiscis), probably a Persian name for Damascus (see אַרְדַּקְסַס, a. correct accordingly). Bava Bathra 56ᵃ ערדיסקיס (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) ערדסיא; Manuscript Rome ערדסקס; Manuscript Hamburg ארסקס; Oxford manuscript אדרסקא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 6), see דַּרְמַסְקוֹס. Eruvin 29ᵃ שבת ר"מ בערדסקיס Munich manuscript (edition בערדיסקא; edition Soncino בעדרסקוס, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) R. M. rested over the Sabbath in ʿA.; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 9 (6), 4 בערדסקס (variant reading בערדסקיס, בערדסקין); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, beginning 20ᶜ בארדקסם (read: ארדסקס).—[Eruvin the passage cited לטיבעין, missing in Tosefta a. Yerushalmi (prefix) the passage cited,—if correct, refers to a place near Ardascus, not to Tibʿin near Tiberias.]—Denom. עַרְדַּסְקָאוֹת feminine plural (see דַּרְמַסְקִינָא) Damascene plums; ע׳ של ברזל plum-shaped, perforated iron balls. Betzah 22ᵇ מביאין ע׳ של ברזל וכ׳ (Munich manuscript עַרְדַּסְקְיָאוֹת) they used to bring in iron balls and fill them with the smoke of spices … and stop their holes up; (Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 14 פרטסקאות (variant reading ערדסק׳, ערדסק׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 61ᶜ bottom of the page פרדיסקיס, see פַּרְדַּסְקִין).—[Tosefta Terumoth 3, 4 בעַרְדַּסְקוֹת edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) concerning Damascene plums(?); variant reading בערדסקיס, בערדסקו׳ in ʿArd.] ↗ original

עֻרְדְּעָן , see עוּרְדְּעָן ↗ original

עָרָה , see ערי ↗ original

עֵרוּב , see עֵירוּב ↗ original

עָרוֹב various kinds of wild beasts. Shemoth Rabbah section 11 (interch. with חיות מעורבבות); Tanchuma Vaëra 14; and elsewhere—[70 עָרֹב gadfly.]—5. עִרְבּוּב Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original

עָרוֹבָא Targum Onkelos Exodus 8, 17 edition Berlin edition (other edition עֲ׳); and elsewhere ↗ original

עֲרוּבָא , see עֲרוּבְתָּא 3 ↗ original

עֵרוּבָא , see עֵירוּבָא ↗ original

ערובות , Bereshith Rabbah section 11, see עֲרוּבְתָּא 3 ↗ original

ערובין , Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 314, read: עֲרוֹנִין, see אֹרֶן ↗ original

עֲרוּבְתָּא 1 willow, willow-day, see עֲרַבְתָּא. ↗ original

עֲרוּבְתָּא 2 pledge, see עַרְבוּתָא. ↗ original

עֲרוּבְתָּא 3 (see עֶרֶב) eve, ע׳ דשבתא, or ע׳ eve of the Sabbath, Friday. Pesikta Rabbati section 23 חדא ע׳ ואית דאמרי ערובא צומא וכ׳ (read עֲרוּבַת צומא or ע׳ דצומא) one Sabbath eve, and some say, it was the eve of the Great Fast (Day of Atonement), he went to market etc.; Bereshith Rabbah section 11 עובדא הוי בערובת צומא וכ׳ (not בערובות). Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, 66ᵃ bottom of the page ציים כל ערובת ריש שתא fasted on the eve of every New Year; כל ע׳ שובא every Friday. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, 45ᶜ bot בערוב׳ צומא רבא, see above. Ruth Rabbah to 1, 17 (sect. 3) ערובת פיסחא the eve of Passover; and frequently ↗ original

עָרוּג = אָרוּג web. Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 5, 13 edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (interch. with אָרוּג). ↗ original

עֲרוּגָה incision, groove. Chullin 50ᵃ מע׳ לע׳ between one groove (of a lobe of the lungs) and another.—Esp. (compare עוּגְיְתָא) garden bed. Kilayim 3, 1, and the following Shabbath 9, 2. the same place (ibid.) 85ᵃ ע׳ בחורבה שנינו the Mishnah speaks of a garden bed in a fallow field (isolated bed); and frequently—plural עֲרוּגוֹת. the same place (ibid.)ᵇ ערוגה בין הע׳ שנינו the Mishnah speaks of a bed among other beds. Tosefta Kilayim 2, 5 ע׳ קטנות (some edition ערוגיות, ערגיות, correct accordingly, or עוּגְיוֹת); and frequently ↗ original

עָרוֹד 1 ʿArod. Sifré Deuteronomy 41 בית ע׳, see אֲרִים. ↗ original

עָרוֹד 2 wild ass. Kilayim 8, 6 ע׳ מין חיה the ʿarod belongs to the class of beasts of chase (see חַיָּה I). Rosh Hashanah 3ᵃ (play on ערד, Numbers 21, 1) שדומה לע׳ במדבר for he (Sihon) was like a wild ass in the desert; and elsewhere—plural עֲרוֹדוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 8, beginning 51ᵃ ע׳ היו נוחרין (לאריות) וכ׳ (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage), p. 67ᵃ, note 70) in the royal arena in Jerusalem they stabbed wild asses (for the lions), and the pilgrims waded in blood; Menachoth 103ᵇ עֲרוֹדִיאוֹת (Mb. M. עדראות; manuscript C. ערדאות; Tosefta Eduy. 3, 2 עֲרָרוֹת, see עֵדֶר). a species of lizard. Chullin 127ᵃ; Berachoth 33ᵃ, see חֲבַרְבָּר. ↗ original

עָרוֹד , wild ass. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 16, 12. Targum Hosea 8, 9; and elsewhere—plural עֲרוֹדַיָּא, עֲרָדִין, עְרוֹדֵי. Targum Psalms 104, 11.—Avodah Zarah 16ᵇ טחני ריחיים בע׳ they employed wild asses to turn the millstones.—Fem. עָרוֹדָא. Targum Jeremiah 2, 24 (edition Lagarde edition עֲרָדָא). ↗ original

עֶרְוָה nakedness, shame; unchastity, lewdness, obscenity. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 2 מה מים מכסים עֶרְוָתוֹ … עֶרְוָתָן as water covers the nakedness of the sea, … so (study of) the Law covers up the nakedness (atones for the sins) of Israel. Berachoth 24ᵇ לבו רואה את הע׳ his heart sees the nakedness, i.e. there is no garment (girdle etc.) separating the upper part of the body from the lower. the same place (ibid.) 24ᵃ משום ע׳, see עֲגָבָה. the same place (ibid.) קול באשה ע׳ hearing a woman’s voice is indecency (you must not read the Sh’mʿa while a woman is singing within your heaving); שער באשה ע׳ the sight of woman’s hair is an impropriety (with regard to reading the Sh’mʿa). Gittin 9, 10 לא יגרש … דבר ע׳ a man must not divorce his wife, unless he have found in her something improper (see Deuteronomy 24, 1). the same place (ibid.) 90ᵃ (interpret. ערות דבר, Deuteronomy the passage cited) אם נאמר ערות … הייתי אומר משום ע׳ תצא משום דבר לא תצא if the text had ʿervath (meaning ʿervah) without dabar, I might have thought, for scandalous conduct she is to be dismissed, for ‘something’ (any other cause) she must not be dismissed. the same place (ibid.) לא מצא בה לא ע׳ ולא דבר if he found in her neither indecency nor any other fault. the same place (ibid.) 64ᵃ and frequently אין דבר שבע׳ פחות משנים any act in which purity of sexual life is concerned (marriage, divorce etc.) requires no less than two witnesses. Avoth 3, 13 שחוק … מרגילין (את האדם) לע׳ merriment and light-mindedness make man familiar with licentiousness; and very frequently—Esp. incest, in a transferred sense ʿervah, a woman forbidden to a man (and vice versa) on account of consanguinity. Yevamoth 3ᵇ מה אחות אשה מיוחדת שהיא ע׳ … אף כל שהיא ע׳ וכ׳ as the sister of a man’s (living) wife who is singled out (Leviticus 18, 18) as an ʿervah, with the punishment of extinction in case of wilfulness, and of a sin-offering in case of mistake, may not be taken in a levirate marriage, so no woman that is a forbidden relation … may be taken etc. the same place (ibid.) 13ᵃ צרות ע׳ the rivals of a woman forbidden on account of consanguinity; and very frequently—plural עֲרָיוֹת (frequently עֶרְיָה). Kethuboth 13ᵇ, see אֶפִּיטְרוֹפּוֹס.—גילוי ע׳, see גִּילּוּי. Yevamoth 1, 2 היתה בתו או אחת מכל הע׳ האלו וכ׳ if a man’s daughter or any other of those (above mentioned) relations was married to his brother. the same place (ibid.) 3ᵇ כל הע׳ האמורות בתורה all forbidden relations named in the Torah. the same place (ibid.) 1, 3 שש ע׳ חמורות מאלו six relations more rigorously forbidden than these. Megillah 4, 9, see כָּנָה; and frequently ↗ original

עֵרוּי , see עֵירוּי ↗ original

עֲרוֹךְ , plural עֲרוּכִין, see עֲרִיךְ. ↗ original

עֲרוּכָה (עָרַךְ) prepared; in a transferred sense (by referring to Isaiah 30, 33) hell. Shemoth Rabbah section 50, end אני מציל אתכם מן הע׳ ואערוך וכ׳ I will save you from hell, and prepare for you a table etc. ↗ original

עָרוּם [rubbed, bright, compare Lat. tritus,] prudent, deliberate, wise; (in an evil sense) subtle, cunning. Berachoth 17ᵃ לעולם יהא אדם ע׳ ביראה man should always be deliberate in the fear of the Lord (consider in what manner he can best serve the Lord). Sotah 3, 4 רשע ע׳ a wicked man that is subtle, explained the same place (ibid.) 21ᵇ זה המטעים וכ׳, see טָעַם; Tanchuma Mishpatim 6. Sotah the passage cited במי שמשים עצמו ע׳ variant reading in Rashi, see next word; and frequently—Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Shimʿu, p. 118ᵇ, and the following (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) לית עיסקא דע׳ מהלך עם שטיא the sane has no business to walk with the fool; (Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 265 דעָרִים).—plural עֲרוּמִים, עֲרוּמִין. Chullin 5ᵇ (referring to Psalms 36, 7) אלו בני אדם שהן ע׳ בדעת וכ׳ that means those men who are clever in knowledge and yet conduct themselves humbly like a domestic animal; and elsewhere ↗ original

עָרוֹם see the preceding; compare עָרָה) stripped, naked, bare. Demai 1, 4 מפרישין אותו ע׳ ובין וכ׳ Yerushalmi (prefix) edition a. Munich manuscript (edition בין, incorr.) you may separate the priest’s gift there from without being dressed (because it requires no benediction), and at twilight (on the eve of the Sabbath); Shabbath 23ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) 14ᵃ האוחז ס"ת ע׳ נקבר ע׳ he who handles a naked scroll of the Law (touches it directly with his bare hand), will he buried naked, explained ע׳ בלא אותה מצוה bare of the merit of that act (of studying or of rolling and dressing it). Tosefta Kethuboth 6, 7 פסק … שיעמד ע׳ וילבישנה (not וילבשנו) if he agreed with his son-in-law that he will go naked (deprive himself, if necessary) and dress her, אין אומ׳ יעמד ע׳ וילבישנה וכ׳ (not וילבישנו) we do not say, let him become destitute, and he must dress her (make the outfit for her), but he (her father) must cover her as is proper for her; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 6, 30ᵈ. Sotah 21ᵇ (play on ערמה, Proverbs 8, 12) אין … אלא במי שמעמיד עצמו ע׳ עליהן the words of the Law remain only with him who makes himself destitute for their sake (who sacrifices comforts for them); (variant reading quoted in Rashi: שמשים עצמו עָרוּם עליה who makes himself cunning about it, i.e. goes to work deliberately, studies systematically); and frequently—plural עֲרוּמִּים, עֲרוּמִּין. Sanhedrin 90ᵇ כשהן עומדין עומדין ע׳ וכ׳ when they (the dead) rise, will they rise naked or dressed? Yevamoth 63ᵇ אנשי … שמהלכין ע׳ בשוק those of Barbaria … who walk naked in the street; Sifré Deuteronomy 320; and frequently—Fem. עֲרוּמָּה. Kethuboth 111ᵇ; Sanhedrin the passage cited ומה חיטה שנקברה ע׳ וכ׳ if the wheat-grain, which is buried naked, comes forth wrapped in many dresses, how much more will the righteous dead rise etc. the same place (ibid.) 6, 3 אין האשה נסקלת ע׳ a woman convict must not be stoned (executed) undressed. Megillah 12ᵇ ובלבד שתהא ע׳ provided she (Vashti) will appear undressed. Sanhedrin 75ᵃ ימות ולא תעמוד לפניו ע׳ let him (the love-sick man) die, but she must not stand undressed before him. Kethuboth 6, 5 פסק להכניסה ע׳ if the father made an agreement that he (the bridegroom) will take her to his house without the customary outfit; and frequently—plural עֲרוּמּוֹת. Megillah the passage cited מפשיטתן ע׳ (not מפשיטן) she forced them to appear undressed; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֲרוּמָאֵי , see עָרִים ↗ original

עֲרוּמָּה , see עָרוֹם ↗ original

עֲרוּמְתָּא , see עָרִים ↗ original

עֲרוֹנִים , see אֹרֶן ↗ original

עֵרוּעַ , see sub עֵיר׳. ↗ original

עָרוֹקָא , (עֲרַק) runaway, fugitive.—plural עֲרוֹקָאֵי. Chullin 46ᵃ.—5. עֲרִיק. ↗ original

עֵרוּר , see עֵירוּר ↗ original

עֲרוּרֵי (עֲרַר) protests, claims. Gittin 86ᵃ (in a formula of sale of a slave) מן ע׳ מלכא וכ׳ Rashi (Tosafoth עֲלוּלֵי; edition מן עלולי ומן ע׳) against any claims of king or queen (government), see חֲרוּרֵי. ↗ original

עַרְטוּל־ , see next words ↗ original

עַרְטִיל (עַרְטֵל) stripped, naked, poorly dressed. Targum Genesis 3, 10 (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition Vienna edition עַרְטוּ׳, not לָאֵי …); 11. Targum Job 1, 21; and frequently—Bava Metzia 46ᵃ, see כְּפַל. Sotah 8ᵇ (proverb) שליח ע׳ וסיים מסאני stripped to nakedness, but shoes he has on (there is more disgrace in a disharmonious toilet than in a uniformly poor one); Kethuboth 65ᵇ top (referring to the disproportion between the obligatory outfit of garments and that of shoes, the same place (ibid.) 5, 8) האי תנא שליח ע׳ וכ׳ would that teacher have applied to her the proverb, stripped to nakedness etc.? Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 6, 30ᵈ אורחא … הני לי מיקום ערטיליי וכ׳ it is usual for a man to say (to his father-in-law), I will rather go naked (deprive myself etc., see עָרוֹם), if only my wife be covered (but by saying this he does not mean to release him from the obligation of giving his daughter an appropriate outfit). Koheleth Rabbah to 5, 12, see כָּפִין; and frequently—plural עַרְטִילָּאִין, עַרְטִילָּאֵי, עַרְטִלּ׳. Targum Job 22, 6. the same place (ibid.) 24, 7 לָאֵי … manuscript (edition לַּי … לַּיי …, adverb). the same place (ibid.) 10 לאי … edition Lagarde edition (edition Vilna edition לַי …); and frequently—Fem. עַרְטִילָּא, עַרְטִילְתָּא, עַרְטוּ׳. Targum Esther 1, 11.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 8, 21ᵇ top (referring to Ruth 3, 3) ערטילא הוות was she (Ruth) undressed?—plural עַרְטִילָּאָן. Targum Esther the passage cited—Transferred (compare γυμνήτης) light-armed.—plural עַרְטִילֵּי. Targum 2 Esther 8, 10 ע׳ בני רמכיא (Targum I Esther the same place (ibid.) ערטולייני רטכין, correct accordingly; Hebrew text האחשתרנים). ↗ original

עַרְטִילָּיוּתָא (the preceding) nakedness. Targum Deuteronomy 28, 48 (O. edition Amsterdam edition עַרְטִילָתָא, edition Vienna edition לְיָתָא …, correct accordingly). ↗ original

עִרְטֵל (Parel of עטל; compare Arab. ʿaṭal, a. עֲטַר 2) to strip, denude. Bereshith Rabbah section 6 מְעַרְטְלוֹ, see נַרְתֵּק; Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 5, see השתק. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְערְטֵל, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְעַרְטֵל to be stripped; to denude one’s self. Bereshith Rabbah section 19 (referring to עירמם, Genesis 3, 7) אפי׳ מצוה … נִתְעַרְטְלוּ הימנה they had stripped themselves even of the merit of obeying the only command given them. [Yalkut Shimoni Job 913 והיו רגליו מִתְעַרְטְלוֹת his feet were stripped of their skin (by scalding), see, however, עִרְכֵּל.] ↗ original

עַרְטֵל Targum I Chronicles 10, 8 (Hebrew text פשט). Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְעַרְטֵיל to be stripped; to uncover one’s self. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 3, 7. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 7, 9 כד איתע׳ when it (the serpent) was stripped (of its limbs, see Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 3, 14, Bereshith Rabbah section 20). Targum Habakkuk 2, 16 (Hebrew text הערל).—[Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 162 (referring to 2 Samuel 22, 37) לא ירחבון ולא ידחפון ולא יִתְעַרְטְלוּן they (my joints) did not widen (become loose), did not slip, nor did they become sore; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 18, 37 ולא יתערפלון nor did they swell (?); perh. to be read: יתערסלון, see עִרְסֵל.] ↗ original

עַרְטִלּ־ , see עַרְטִיל ↗ original

ערי to uncover. Bereshith Rabbah section 83, end שהוא עתיד לַעֲרוֹת וכ׳ ‘Rashi’ he will uncover treasures etc., see עָרַם I.—Denom. עֶרְוָה, עֶרְיָה. ↗ original

ערי ² to stir up. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶעֱרָה to stimulate, especially to excite the sexual organ by contact (as the first stage of sexual connection), see הַעֲרָאָה. Kerithoth 2, 4 כל העריות עשה בהן את המַעֲרֶה כגומר in all illicit connections the text makes him who passes through the first stage as punishable as him that finishes. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 3, 27ᵈ הֶעֱרוּ בה עשרה וכ׳ if ten persons came in carnal contact with her, and one of them consummated. Sotah 42ᵇ (play on מעׄרׄות, I Samuel 17, 23) שהכל העׄרׄו באמו all the world had taken liberties with his mother; and frequently to intermix. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 5, 42ᵈ top (צריך) זקוק להַעְרוֹת he must mix (the blood of the bull with that of the goat), see Pi Hof. הֻפְעַל הוּעֲרָה to be interwoven, entangled, caught. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 1, 16ᵃ bottom of the page בסירה הוּעֲרַת it (the skirt) was caught etc., see עָדָה I; the same place (ibid.) הוּעֲרוּ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 1, 17ᵇ (also הָעֳרַת). Pi'el פִּעֵל עֵירָה to intermix (of liquids), pour; to interweave, intertwine. Yoma 5, 4 עי׳ דם הפר לתוך וכ׳ he poured the blood of the bullock to that of the goat, and put the full bowl in the empty one; explained the same place (ibid.) 58ᵃ עי׳ מזרק מלא וכ׳ he poured the contents of the filled bowl into the empty bowl … in order to mix them thoroughly. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, 42ᵈ top (interch. with בָּלַל a. עָרַב). Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 1, end, 49ᵇ לעָרוֹת וכ׳ to pour into etc. (interch. with להַעֲרוֹת, Hif'il); Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, 6ᵇ. Niddah 10, 6 היתה מְעָרָה מים לפסח was permitted to pour water from vessel to vessel for Passover purposes (to wash the Passover meat without touching the water). Avodah Zarah 5, 7 המְעָרֶה מכלי אל כלי if a Jew pours wine from one vessel into another (held by a gentile), את שעי׳ ממנו מותר the wine remaining in the vessel from which he poured is permitted; and frequently—Sifra K’dosh., Parah 2, Chaldaic (Aramaic) V עי׳ כל הפרשה כולה לכי וכ׳ the writer intended to join the whole paragraph (concerning emancipation) to ‘for she has not been set free’ (Leviticus 19, 20), to intimate that emancipation is consummated by a document only; (Gittin 39ᵇ אוֹרְעָה וכ׳ (frequently אָרַע I) the whole paragraph has been joined etc. Bava Bathra 113ᵇ אורעה … להיות דין, see אָרַע 2, a. correct accordingly) Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 58ᵈ bottom of the page (referring to Deuteronomy 25, 5) ת"ל ויבמה עי׳ הפרשה כולה לייבום וכ׳ the text says, v’yibb’mah (‘and thus he shall be her levir’); the whole paragraph is connected with yibbum (the word ויבמה), intimating that marital connection only consummates the levirate marriage; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 2, beginning 3ᶜ עודה (Rabad to Sifra the passage cited quotes עורה, correct accordingly). Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 7, 24ᵈ עֵרָה את כל וכ׳ the whole paragraph depends on the word mother.—participle passive מְעוּרֶה; feminine מְעוּרָה; plural מְעוּרִים, מְעוּרִין; מְעוּרוֹת intertwined, interwoven; mixed up. T’bul Yom 3, 1 אוכל שנפרס ומע׳ מקצת if an eatable part of a fruit is broken off but partly hangs on (is not entirely severed). ʿUktsin 3, 8 יחור של … ומע׳ בקליפה a shoot of a fig tree which is torn off but is still attached to the tree by the rind; Tosefta Kelim Bava Kamma 1, 13. Yoma 54ᵃ הכרובים שהיו מע׳ זה בזה the cherubs (in the Temple) whose bodies were intertwisted with one another. the same place (ibid.) and the following (explained כמער איש וליות, I Kings 7, 36) כאיש המע׳ בלויה שלו like a man embracing his companion (wife). Chullin 127ᵇ ומע׳ בחוט השערה attached by a hair’s breadth. Betzah 7ᵃ; and frequently Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעָרֶה, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְעָרֶה to be intertwined, come into intimate contact. Ruth Rabbah to 1, 14 (referring to מערית, see above) ממאה … שנִתְעָרוּ בה וכ׳ on one hundred … that were in contact with her the whole night (interch. with נתערבו). ↗ original

עֲרֵי Af'el הִפְעִיל אַעֲרֵי to pour out. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 11, 3. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְעֲרֵי to be intertwined, attach one’s self. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Shekalim, p. 11ᵃ והיא מִתְעַרְיָא (Oxford manuscript מתעדיא) and it sticks (catches thee), see סִירְתָּא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 1, 22ᵃ אִתְעַרְיַית, see סִכְּתָא. ↗ original

עַרְיָא , see ער ↗ original

עֶרְיָא = Hebrew עֶרְוָה, see עִירִיתָא ↗ original

עֲרֵיב , see עֲרַב ↗ original

עָרִיב = Hebrew עָרֵב 2, sweet, pleasing. Targum Proverbs 20, 17 (edition Vilna edition עֲ׳). Targum Song of Songs 2, 14 (edition Vienna edition עָרֵב). (participle passive of עֲרַב I) mixed.—plural עֲרִיבֵי. Eruvin 86ᵃ ↗ original

עֲרֵיב־ , see עָרֵב ↗ original

עֲרֵיבָה (עָרַב 1; compare אַרְבָּא) [joined or plaited,] trough, tub, kneading trough. Pesachim 3, 2, see סֶדֶק. Kelim 15, 1 עֲרֵיבַת העבדנין the tanners’ trough; ע׳ בעה"ב the domestic trough (for kneading). the same place (ibid.) 20, 2 עריבת פיסונות the trough for mixing mortar. Yadayim 4, 1 עריבת הרגלים the tub for foot-baths; and frequently boat, skiff. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 4, end, 7ᵃ עריבת הירדן, see יַרְדֵּן; Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 15. Avodah Zarah 40ᵃ ע׳ מליאה חביות a boat-load of vessels (containing fish-brine). Eruvin 88ᵇ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 9 (6), 18; and elsewhere—plural עֲרֵיבוֹת, עֲרֵב׳. Kelim 24, 3. the same place (ibid.) 4, 1; and elsewhere ↗ original

עריבתא , Yalkut Shimoni Kings 247 הוה ע׳ ישעיה, read with Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 28ᶜ הוה פרי חורי ישעיה. ↗ original

עֶרְיָה see עֶרְוָה) genitals. Bechoroth 6, 5 ע׳ של נקבה the genitals of a female animal.—plural עֲרָיוֹת, see עֶרְוָה. ↗ original

עַרַיי , see עַרְאַי ↗ original

עִרְיָיא , see עֶרְיָא ↗ original

עֲרָיָיה = הַעֲרָיָיה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 1, 25ᵇ bottom of the page Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 7, 24ᶜ (interch. with הערייה). ↗ original

עֵרָיִין (עָרָה 2) [stirrers,] iron-tipped ploughshare. Kelim 21, 2; [Maimonides edition Dehr. = Arab. ʿalâḳath lorum, goad?]. Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 4, 6 עֲרָעִין (Rabbenu Shimshon to Kelim the passage cited ערערין). ↗ original

עֲרִיךְ (עֲרַךְ) thin sacrificial cake(Hebrew . Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 29, 23 (edition Vienna edition עָ׳). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 6, 19 (edition Vienna edition עָרוּךְ); and elsewhere—plural עֲרִיכִין, עֲרוּכִין. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 7, 12. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2 the same place (ibid.) 2, 4. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 29, 2 עירובין (correct accordingly). ↗ original

עֲרִיכָה (feminine (עָרַךְ) arranging, ranging; rolling (bread); use of the stem ערך. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 2, end, 40ᵃ נאמר כאן ע׳ וכ׳ the verb ʿarakh is used here (Leviticus 1, 7) etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 29ᵃ top עֲרִיכָתוֹ the forming of the show-bread. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᵇ bottom of the page על לישתה ועל עֲרִיכָתָהּ וכ׳ for kneading it, for forming it and for baking it; and frequently—Tanchuma Bḥuck. 6 עֲרִיכַת גיהנם (probably to be read: עֲרוּכַת, see עֲרוּכָה) the pile of the fire of Gehenna (referring to ערוך, Isaiah 30, 33).—Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 662 פת עריכה, see עָרַךְ. ↗ original

עֲרִיכוּת (the preceding) arrangement; ע׳ שפתים (compare סֵדָר) arrangement (of the words) of the lips, prayer. Bereshith Rabbah section 49 (referring to Job 41, 4 חין ערכו) חן ניתן בע׳ שפתיו וכ׳ (not שפתים) grace was granted for the prayer of his (Abraham’s) lips, when he prayed for mercy etc.; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 83. ↗ original

עֲרֵיל־ , see sub ערל׳. ↗ original

עֲרֵים , see עֲרַם ↗ original

עָרִים = Hebrew עָרוּם. Targum Onkelos Genesis 3, 1 (some edition עֲ׳; edition Vienna edition חכים). Targum Proverbs 12, 23. the same place (ibid.) 14, 15 (edition Lagarde edition ערומתא, correct accordingly); and frequently—Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 265, see עָרוּם.—plural עֲרִימָאֵי. Targum Proverbs 14, 18 (some edition ערומאי). ↗ original

עֲרֵימָה pile, heap, stack. Maasroth 1, 5, and the following משיעמיד ע׳ (are subject to tithes) from the time he piles up the fruit. Tosefta Terumoth 3, 17 תורמין מן הע׳ על הכרי לא מן הכרי על הע׳ (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) מן המוץ) you may separate T’rumah from a stack for the pile (of threshed grain), but not from a pile for the stack. the same place (ibid.) 4, 16 ע׳ מורחת a finished pile. Shemoth Rabbah section 31 כשם שה׳ הזאת עומדת … כך עשה הק"בה את העולם ע׳ וכ׳ as the stack stands ready, and the priest goes in and takes T’rumah of it, so the Lord has made the world a stack and taken Israel as his T’rumah (with referring to Jeremiah 2, 3); and frequently—plural עֲרֵימוֹת, עֲרֵמוֹת. Mechilta Beshallach, Shir., section 6 (explained נערמו, Exodus 15, 8) עשאן כמין ע׳ he made the waves stand like stacks; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 248. Terumoth 2, 1; and frequently ↗ original

עֲרִימוּתָא = Hebrew עָרְמָה, experience, wisdom; subtlety. Targum Proverbs 1, 4; and elsewhere—5. עַרְמוּתָא. ↗ original

עֲרֵימְתָּא = Hebrew עֲרֵימָה. Targum Ruth 3, 7. Targum Haggai, Book of 2, 16.—plural עֲרֵימָתָא, construct state עֲרֵימַת. Targum Jeremiah 50, 26 (some edition עֲרֵימַת). ↗ original

עָרִיס 1 (עָרַס) arbor, espalier (of grape vines). Kilayim 6, 1 איזהו ע׳ הנוטע וכ׳ what is an ʿaris (in a legal sense)? A row of (at least) five vines along a fence. the same place (ibid.) 2 ע׳ היוצא מן המדרגה an espalier that hangs over an embankment. the same place (ibid.) 6 (explained פסקי ע׳) ע׳ שחרב וכ׳ an espalier which was destroyed in the middle, while five vines remained on each side; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4, 8 חריס edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (other edition חריץ; correct accordingly); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 6, end, 30ᶜ (also עֶרֶס). Kilayim 6, 8 הקנים היוצאים מן הע׳ poles which stand out from an espalier; and frequently—plural עֲרִיסִין. Tosefta Peah 3, 16. ↗ original

עָרִיס Chaldaic (Aramaic), see עֶרֶס Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original

עָרִיס 2 = אָרִיס 2, tenant. Bava Bathra 46ᵇ, and the following Munich manuscript (edition א׳).—plural עֲרִיסִים, עֲרִיסִין. the same place (ibid.) Munich manuscript (edition א׳). Sifré Deuteronomy 312 (edition Friedman א׳). ↗ original

עֲרִיסָא , see next word ↗ original

עֲרִיסָה (עָרַס) (Biblical Hebrew; kneading-trough, dough of one trough, batch. Menachoth 67ᵃ עֲרִיסַת גוי; ע׳ הקדש Munich manuscript (edition עִיסַת).—plural עֲרִיסוֹת. Chullin 135ᵇ (referring to Numbers 15, 20) כדי עֲרִיסוֹתֵיכֶם of the size of your batches (in the desert); Menachoth the passage cited Munich manuscript (edition עִיסוֹת׳; Eruvin 83ᵇ עיס׳). (compare עֶרֶס) cradle. Kelim 16, 1 המטה והע׳ a couch or a cradle; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 3, 5ᵈ bottom of the page המיטה הערסה (correct accordingly). Kelim 26, 5 עור הע׳; Tosefta Kelim Bava Bathra 4, 8 ועור האריסה edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (omitted in other edition), see עוֹר. the same place (ibid.) 7, 12 עֲרִיסָא של זכוכית edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (other edition עריסה) a glass cradle(?). Niddah 4, 1 מעֲרִיסָתָן from their cradle (earliest childhood). Bereshith Rabbah section 53, see נִדְנֵד. Yerushalmi (prefix) Makkoth 2, beginning 31ᶜ ישב לו ע"ג ע׳ ביום ודרך התינוק ע"ג ע׳ ביום וכ׳ if he sat down on a cradle in day time (and caused a child’s death): where it is customary to place a child in the cradle in day time, he does not go into exile (to the city of refuge, because his act is one of criminal neglect); and frequently ↗ original

עֲרִיסוּת = אֲרִיסוּת. Tosefta Challah 2, 5 פוטר את ע׳ בסוריא edition (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) האריסין, variant reading עריסיו, read העריסין) declared tenancy (tenants) in Syria exempt from priestly gifts.—plural עֲרִיסִיּוֹת. Tosefta Avodah Zarah 2, 8 עיריס׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (correct accordingly; variant reading אריס׳). ↗ original

עֲרִיפָה (עָרַף) breaking the neck (of the heifer, Deuteronomy 21, 4), use of the stem ערף. Megillah 2, 5 לעֲרִיפַת העגלה for the ceremony of etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 9, 23ᶜ בע׳ as regards the ceremony of etc. the same place (ibid.)ᵈ bottom of the page מקום עֲרִיפָתָהּ וכ׳ the place where a heifer has been killed; and frequently—Sifré Deuteronomy 306 (referring to יערף, Deuteronomy 32, 2) אין ע׳ אלא הריגה the verb ʿaraf means to kill; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 942. ↗ original

עָרִיץ עָרַץ to frighten) powerful, violent man.—plural עָרִיצִים. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 8ᵃ, see רָמַס. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 4, 74ᵈ bottom of the page הגואלך והמושיעך מכף עָרִיצַיִךְ who redeems thee and saves thee from the hand of thy oppressors; Treatise Sof’rim 14, 5. ↗ original

עֲרִיק (עֲרַק) fugitive, hunted. Targum Isaiah 10, 18 (Hebrew text נֹסֵס). ↗ original

עֲרִירִי [stripped,] lonely, childless. Bereshith Rabbah section 44. Yevamoth 55ᵃ (referring to Leviticus 20, 20 a. 21) יש לו בנים קובדן … הולך ע׳ if he had children (at the time he committed the sin), he will bury them; if he had none, he will remain childless. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 7, 24ᶜ לצורך יצאת לידון בע׳ it is specified (in Leviticus 20, 20) for a purpose, namely for the punishment of ʿăriri (death without leaving issue).—plural עֲרִירִים. the same place (ibid.) כל אתר דתימר ע׳ יהיו … ע׳ ימותו וכ׳ wherever the text says, ‘they shall be lonely’, it means, they shall be without children, where it says, ‘they shall die lonely’, it means they shall bury their children (see above); and elsewhere—[ערירין, Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 6, 30ᵈ אשכחינון ע׳, see עֲרַר I.] ↗ original

עָרַךְ (Biblical Hebrew) [to connect, join,] (Biblical Hebrew) to range, arrange, place in order. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 2, end, 40ᵃ (referring to Leviticus 1, 8, a. 12) כהן אחד עוֹרֵךְ וכ׳ one priest places two limbs on the altar etc.; Sifra Vayikra, N’dab., Parah 4, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 6. Bereshith Rabbah section 78 יש בי כח לעֲרוֹךְ תפלה (Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 133 לסדר) I have strength to offer prayer; יש בי כח לערוך מלחמה I have strength to give battle. Yalkut Shimoni the passage cited וע׳ מלחמה כנגדו gave him battle. Tanchuma Bechukkothai 6 ואֶעֱרוֹךְ לפניכם שלחן I will set a table before you (in the hereafter), see below. Nedarim 20ᵇ עָרַכְתִּי לו שלחן והפכו I prepared a table for him, but he upset it (euphem. for unnatural gratification); and elsewhere [In Talmud mostly סדר.]—עוֹרְכֵי הדיינין (= עורכי דין לפני הדיינין) those who arrange arguments before the judges, pleaders, advocates, who advise their clients what to say or not to say before court. Avoth 1, 8 אל תעש עצמך כע׳ הד׳ do not make thyself to be like legal advisers, i.e. be careful as judge not to suggest an advice to one of the litigants; Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 9, 17ᵃ top כעֹרְכֵי; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 4, 29ᵃ bottom of the page אל תעש עצמך כע׳ הד׳ שלא לגלות וכ׳ do not make thyself to be like etc., that is, you must not reveal to an individual his case (how to argue). Babylonian Kethuboth 52ᵇ; 86ᵃ עשינו עצמינו כע׳ ד׳ we have made ourselves to be like etc. (I ought not to have suggested an advice).—participle passive עָרוּךְ; feminine עְרוּכָה etc. Shabbath 119ᵇ וכשבא לביתו ומצא נר דלוק ושלחן ע׳ וכ׳ when he comes home and finds the lamp lighted, the table set and the couch spread, the good angel says etc.; and elsewhere—2) (compare Syriac (Peshitta) ערך, Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 2990) to work dough (contradistinguished to לוּשׁ); to roll, shape etc. Pesachim 3, 4 אחת לשה ואחת עוֹרֶכֶת וכ׳ one woman kneads, another works and shapes the dough, and a third one bakes. Avodah Zarah 4, 9 לא לשין ולא עוֹרְכִין עמו you must not knead nor work and shape dough with him. Nega'im 2, 4 כעוֹרֶכֶת in the position of a woman working dough; and frequently—participle passive as ab. Eruvin 54ᵃ (referring to ערוכה וכ׳, 2 Samuel 23, 5) אם ע׳ … משתמרת וכ׳ if the Law is worked into thy two hundred and forty-eight limbs, it will be preserved etc. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 14 [read:] פת לושה ופת ע׳ kneaded (common) bread and well-worked bread; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 662 עריכה (correct accordingly). Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶעֱרִיךְ [to place side by side; compare נָקַשׁ Hif'il] to compare; to value; especially (see Leviticus 27, 2-13) to dedicate the value of a person or of an animal unfit for the altar. Arachin 1, 1 הכל מַעֲרִיכִין ונֶעֱרָכִין all persons are fit to dedicate or to be the subjects of dedication. the same place (ibid.) נֶעֱרָךְ אבל לא מַעֲרִיךְ may be the subject of dedication, but cannot dedicate (his vow is invalid). the same place (ibid.) 6, 5 המעריך את עצמו he who dedicates his own value. Tanchuma the passage cited [read:] אתם מעריכין לפני את נפשותיכם … מעריכת גיהנם you value before me your lives, and I shall save you from the range of Gehenna (see עֲרִיכָה), and set etc. (see above); and frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נֶעֱרַךְ to be the subject of valuation, to be valued. Arachin 1, 1, and frequently, see above. the same place (ibid.) 2, 1 אין נערכין variant reading, see עֵרֶךְ. ↗ original

עֲרַךְ , to work, knead. Targum Isaiah 41, 25 דעָרֵיךְ (Hebrew text ירמס).—Menachoth 56ᵃ דע׳ הוא ואפה הוא when he himself kneaded and baked; דעריך חבריה וכ׳ when his neighbor kneaded and gave it to him, and he baked. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 6, 37ᵃ bottom of the page אזלת מֵיעֲרוֹךְ גבי חבירתה she went to knead her bread at her neighbor’section—participle passive עָרִיךְ, plural עֲרִיכִין the same place (ibid.)ᵇ top אשכחון … ע׳ גו עיגולא they found the two denars (that were missed) worked into the cake. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִיעֲרִיךְ to be worked in. the same place (ibid.)ᵃ bottom of the page אִיעַרְכוּ גו עיגולא, see above. ↗ original

עֵרֶךְ the preceding) order, arrangement. Nedarim 22ᵇ שעֶרְכָּהּ של ארץ ישראל הוא because it (the Book of Joshua) contains the arrangement of the Land of Israel.—plural עֲרָכִים, construct state עֶרְכֵי. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 6, 4; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Vayhi, p. 7ᵃ and the following שש ע׳ המשנה, see מִשְׁנָה.—ע׳ המלחמה order of battle, arrangements proclaimed before the battle (see מַעַרְכִים). Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 8, beginning 22ᵇ (referring to Mishnah the same place (ibid.) 8, 6) אבל בע׳ המ׳ מספקין וכ׳ but in connection with the proclamation of the regulations of battle (the Mishnah says only), ‘they have to supply water etc.’ the same place (ibid.) אף בע׳ המ׳ כן the same is the case with ordinances of battle (they must be proclaimed in Hebrew). Babylonian Sotah 43ᵇ אין חוזרין עליו מע׳ המ׳ they are not entitled to leave the army on that account. the same place (ibid.) 44ᵇ; Menachoth 36ᵃ; and elsewhere valuation, assessment, value of a person or animal dedicated to the sanctuary; vow of value. Arachin 7ᵇ ואמר עֶרְכִּי עלי if he says, I vow my own value. the same place (ibid.) 4, 1 הע׳ בזמן הע׳ the valuation is regulated by the time of the vow (irrespective of the value at the time of paying the vow); the same place (ibid.) 4 נותן כזמן הע׳ he pays according to the value at the time of the vow. the same place (ibid.) נותן ע׳ זקן he pays the value of an old man (Leviticus 27, 7); ע׳ ילד the value of a child (the same place (ibid.) 6); and frequently—plural עֲרָכִים, עֲרָכִין. the same place (ibid.) 2, 1 אין בע׳ וכ׳ (variant reading נֶעֱרָכִין, see עָרַךְ) in vows of value nothing is valued at less than a Selʿa etc.; the same place (ibid.) 7ᵇ כל ע׳ שאתה מעריך וכ׳ all values which you assess shall be no less than etc. the same place (ibid.) 4, 1 והע׳ בנערך the vows of value are regulated by the condition of the person whose value is vowed. the same place (ibid.) 3, 1 יש בע׳ להקל וכ׳ in the laws regulating the dedication of values there is a lenient and a rigorous side. the same place (ibid.) 2ᵃ, and elsewhere כל שישנו בדמים ישנו בע׳ … אינו בע׳ he whose person has a value, can vow the value of a person or an animal, but he whose person has no value cannot. Kerith. 13ᵇ דמין וע׳, see דָּמִים. Tanchuma Bechukkothai 6 פרשת ע׳ the section treating of vows of value. the same place (ibid.) בזכות הע׳ אני מציל וכ׳ as a reward for your offerings of values, I will save you etc.; and frequently—ʿĂrakhin, name of a treatise of Mishnah, Tosefta and Talmud Babli, of the Order of Kodashim.—[ערכין, Gittin 44ᵃ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see עַרְכִי.] ↗ original

עַרְכָאוֹת , see next article ↗ original

עַרְכּוּב , see עַרְקוּב ↗ original

עַרְכִי (עָרַךְ; an adapt. of ἀρχή, ἀρχεῖον) recorder’s office for pedigree, deeds of sale etc. Kiddushin 4, 5 בע׳ הישנה, see אַרְכִי I.—plural עַרְכָאוֹת. Gittin 44ᵃ כותב ומעלה בע׳ וכ׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) בערכין) he writes (a deed of sale) and has it recorded in the office of gentiles (Romans); Avodah Zarah 13ᵃ בע׳ שלהן; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 8 בעַרְכָאִים; Tosefta Moed Katan 2, (1), 1 בעַרְכָיִים. Gittin 1, 5; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 4 שטרות העולים בע׳ וכ׳ (variant reading בעַרְכָיוֹת) deeds entered in gentile offices. Tosefta Bava Bathra 8, 2 כתב והעלה להם בערכאים זכה להם הערכיים if he wrote (a deed of donation for ten persons) and had it recorded for them in the office, the office took possession in their behalf; the same place (ibid.) 3 עַרְכָאִין … עַרְכָיִין; and elsewhere ↗ original

עָרַל (denominative of עָרְלָה) to sheathe, cover. Yerushalmi (prefix) Orlah 3, beginning 62ᵈ (referring to Leviticus 19, 23) אית תניי תני בעוֹרֵל את פריו one Tannai explains that it refers to that which covers the fruit (peel, shell etc.); דבר שהוא עורל את פריו ופריו עוֹרְלוֹ that which covers the fruit (peel), and that which the fruit covers (kernel); Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 4, end, 51ᶜ דבר שעורל את פריו.—[In Biblical Hebrew עָרַל to treat as ‘Orlah, to remove.] ↗ original

עָרֵל see עָרְלָה) [covered,] uncircumcised; gentile. Mechilta Bo section 15 (referring to Exodus 12, 43) אבל ישראל ע׳ שומע וכ׳ I might deduce from this that an uncircumcised Israelite may pertake of the Passover lamb; Pesachim 96ᵃ אבל ע׳ דלבו לשמים but an uncircumcised Israelite whose heart is directed towards heaven (and who remained uncircumcised, because his older brothers had died from circumcision). Yevamoth 8, 1 הע׳ וכל וכ׳ an uncircumcised priest, and all unclean persons must not eat T’rumah. Tosefta Chullin 1, 1 אפי׳ ע׳ even an uncircumcised Israelite; Chullin 5ᵃ האי ע׳ היכי וכ׳ what is meant by this ʿarel? Do you mean an Israelite whose brothers died from circumcision? Pesachim 92ᵃ ע׳ נכרי an uncircumcised gentile (a proselyte that was circumcised on the eve of Passover); ע׳ ישראל an Israelite that was circumcised on the eve of Passover; and frequently—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 7, end, 37ᶜ חוץ מן הערל, read: העֲדָל.]—plural עֲרֵלִים. Mechilta the passage cited עבדים ע׳ (not וע׳) uncircumcised slaves. Nedarim 3, 11 קונם … לע׳ מותר בעַרְלֵי ישראל he who vows that he will not receive any benefits from uncircumcised persons, is permitted benefits from uncircumcised Israelites, and forbidden benefits from circumcised gentiles (the word ʿărelim being meant only for non-Jews; see עָרְלָה); and frequently ↗ original

עָרֵל ² Targum Deuteronomy 28, 43 (Hebrew text הגר). Targum Exodus 12, 48 (Yerushalmi (prefix) עַרְלָאֵי, read: עַרְלַאי); and frequently—plural עֲרֵלִין, עַרְלִין, עַרְלַיָּא, עַרְלָאִין. Targum Joshua 5, 7 (edition Lagarde edition עֲרילִ׳). Targum Jeremiah 9, 24, and the following Targum Esther 1, 5; and elsewhere ↗ original

עָרְלָא feminine, see עוּרְלָא ↗ original

עָרְלָה ערל to hang over, see Ges. Thes. under the word ערל) [sheath,] prepuce; the uncircumcised membrum. Bereshith Rabbah section 46 עָרְלַת הגוף the foreskin of the membrum. Shabbath 134ᵇ, and the following עָרְלתוֹ ודאי דוחה את השבת the cutting of his prepuce, where there is no doubt (about the condition of the infant), supersedes the Sabbath. the same place (ibid.) ע׳ כבושה, see כָּבַשׁ. Pesachim 92ᵃ הפורש מן הע׳ וכ׳ he who separates himself from the prepuce (a gentile converted and circumcised) is like one that separates himself from a grave (has to undergo the lustrations of one that has been in contact with a corpse). Nedarim 3, 11 שאין הע׳ קרויה אלא לשמם for ʿorlah (the word ʿărelim) is used only as a general name for gentiles, see עָרֵל. the same place (ibid.) מאוסה (היא ה)ע׳ שנתגנו וכ׳ uncircumcision is detestable, for it is applied to the wicked as a reproach (with referring to Jeremiah 9, 25); and frequently—plural עֲרָלוֹת, construct state עָרְלוֹת. Yevamoth 72ᵃ; Shabbath 135ᵇ מי שיש לו שתי ע׳ if one has two prepuces; (other opinion two membra to be circumcised). Genesis G. section 46, and elsewhere ארבע ע׳ הן וכ׳ the term ʿorlah (uncircumcision) is applied in four ways; and frequently—Transferred (see Leviticus 19, 23) [that which is to be rejected,] the fruit of trees of the first three years. Orlah 1, 2 חייב בע׳ is subject to the law of ʿorlah. the same place (ibid.) 6 נטיעה של ע׳ a young tree subject to the law of ʿorlah. the same place (ibid.) 7 שרף הע׳ resin of a young tree; and frequently—Tosefta Terumoth 5, 9, and frequently עוֹרְלָה.—ʿOrlah, name of a treatise of Mishnah, Tosefta and Talmud Y’rushalmi, of the Order of Z’raʿim. ↗ original

עַרְלוּת (the preceding) uncircumcision, the condition of one not circumcised. Yevamoth 71ᵃ ע׳ שלא בזמנה הויא ע׳ want of circumcision on account of untimeliness (the infant before its eighth day) creates the legal condition of the uncircumcised (with regard to the Passover meal, T’rumah etc.). the same place (ibid.) 70ᵇ ע׳ דגופיה one’s own want of circumcision; ע׳ דאחריני omission to circumcise others. Chullin 4ᵇ, and the following מומר לע׳, see מוּמָר; and elsewhere ↗ original

עָרְלְתָא , see עוּרְלְתָא ↗ original

עָרַם 1 see Exodus 15, to heap up, pile. Bereshith Rabbah section 83, end (play on עירם, Genesis 36, 43) שהוא עתיד לַעֲרוֹם וכ׳ he is destined to heap up treasures for the king Messiah; (‘Rashi’: לַעֲרוֹת, see עָרָה I).—Denom. עֲרֵימָה. ↗ original

עָרַם 2 to peel off, strip; to make white, bright; see עָרוּם, עָרוֹם. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶעֱרִים to enlighten, inform. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 5, beginning 22ᶜ, and the following (referring to בערמה, Exodus 21, 14) שיַעֲרִימוּהוּ באיזו מיתה מת they (the forewarning witnesses) must keep him informed as to what kind of death penalty is expecting him; (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 80ᵇ שיודיעוהו). to plan, act deliberately. Mechilta Mishpatim section 4 (referring to בערמה, see above) להוציא … שאינן מַעֲרִימִין this is to exclude the deaf and dumb, the insane and the minor (who do not act with premeditation; להוציא מרפא … אינן מערימין to exclude the surgeon …, for although they acted with wilfulness (criminal negligence), they did not plan; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 325. to act with subtlety, to get around a law by an artifice. Shabbath 65ᵇ מערימין בדליקה in case of a conflagration on the Sabbath (when the rabbinical law allows the rescue of a certain number of clothes by putting them on) we may use an artifice (by laying off the clothes saved and going in again to save others); (other opinion) אין מערימין בדליקה you dare not etc. the same place (ibid.) מהו שתַּעֲרִים וכ׳ dare a woman use an artifice etc., see פָּרַף. Tosefta Betzah 3, 2. Bereshith Rabbah section 49 מה אתה מַעֲרִים על השבועה מבול וכ׳ why wilt thou cunningly evade thy own oath? destruction by water thou wilt not bring, but destruction by fire thou wilt? Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 83; and frequently ↗ original

עֲרַם Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְעֲרִים, אִיעֲרִים ; (also Af'el אַעֲרִים) to become prudent. Targum Proverbs 19, 25. to be subtle, to deceive, pretend. Makkoth 23ᵇ ודילמא אִיעֲרוּמֵי מִיעַרְמָא (not איערומא) might she not have been subtle enough (to discover Solomon’s motive)? Sanhedrin 25ᵃ דילמא איערומי קא מַעֲרִים perhaps he merely pretends (to be repentant)? Bava Metzia 90ᵇ הערמה … אַעֲרִימוּ עלייהו ויזדבנון a trick has been employed regarding them, use a trick against them (that did it), and let the oxen be sold (and not be used for ploughing). Af'el הִפְעִיל אַעֲרִים to use an artifice, see above. ↗ original

עָרְמָה the preceding) prudence, deliberation; subtlety. Mechilta Beshallach, Shir., section 6 (referring to נערמו, Exodus 15, 8, see Targum Onkelos ad loc. (on the passage)) הם אמרו הבה נתחכמה … נתת ע׳ למים they had said, Come, let us deal wisely with them (Exodus 1, 10), thou, too, didst place wisdom in the water; (Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 248 עַרְמוּמִית). Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 7 [read:] לפי מה שהיתה עָרְמָתוֹ של נחש כך היתה מכתו in accordance with the serpent’s subtlety was its punishment. Midrash Proverbs Chaldaic (Aramaic) I. פתי הייתי ונתן בי הקב"ה ע׳ I was simple, and the Lord placed wisdom in me. the same place (ibid.) מכמה שנים ואילך … להיות בו ע׳ from what age and onward is man expected to be deliberate?; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 929; and elsewhere ↗ original

ערֵמָה , see עֲרִימָה ↗ original

עַרְמוּמִית (see preceding article) shrewdness, subtlety. Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 248, see עָרְמָה. Sotah 21ᵇ (referring to Proverbs 8, 12) כיון שנכנסה חכמה … נכנסה עמה ע׳ (not עמן) when wisdom enters into man, subtlety enters along with it; Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 940 נכנסה בו ע׳. ↗ original

עַרְמוֹן see עָרַם 2) platanus, the Oriental plane.—plural ערְמוֹנִים. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 7, end, 31ᵈ; and elsewhere; see אַרְמוֹן 3. ↗ original

עַרְמוּתָא = Hebrew עָרְמָה, subtlety; premeditation. Targum I Kings 2, 5. ↗ original

עַרְמִית feminine (the preceding) = הַעֲרָמָה. Tosefta Bava Metzia 4, 3 ערמית רבית (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) הַעֲרָמַת, variant reading עָרְמַת), see הַעֲרָמָה ↗ original

עֲרֵמְתָּא , see עֲרֵימְתָּא ↗ original

עָרַס (compare אָרַס) to connect, intertwine, braid etc.—Denom. עָרִיס, עֲרִיסָה, עֶרֶס etc. Pi'el פִּעֵל עֵירֵס, עֵרֵס (denominative of (denominative of עָרִיס) to form an arbor. Kilayim 4, 7 אם עֵרְסָן מלמעלה if he connected them (the two rows of vines) above so as to form an arbor. (denominative of עֲרִיסָה) to start dough, contradistinguished to לוש. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 3, 30ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 1, 60ᵈ top ע׳ לא אמר אלא לש וכ׳ the Boraitha does not say, ‘if one started dough’, but, ‘if one kneaded’; but if one started (on the eve of a Holy Day), this prohibition does not apply.—In gen. to knead, work in (compare עָרַךְ). Berachoth 37ᵇ בשעֵרְסָנ when he worked the crumbs again into a compact mass; Menachoth 75ᵇ בשעירסן. Yerushalmi (prefix) Challah 1, 57ᵇ, see עָסוּת.—participle passive מְעוֹרָס. the same place (ibid.) וההן נשוך לאו כמע׳ הוא (not כמעירס) and that lump of dough made by pressing several pieces together (see נָשַׁךְ),—is that not the same as if worked together? Nif'al נִפְעַל נֶעֱרַס, Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעָרֵס to become connected, compact. Sifré Numbers 110 (referring to ערסתכם, Numbers 15, 20, and the following) משיִתְעָרֵס (it is subject to Ḥallah) from the time it has become a compact mass; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 748 משתֵּעָרֵס. ↗ original

עֶרֶס 1 arbor, see עָרִיס I. ↗ original

עֶרֶס 2 common gender (Biblical Hebrew [joined frame; compare כְּלִיבָה,] bed, bier.—plural עֲרָסוֹת, construct state עַרְסוֹת. Shabbath 62ᵇ (referring to Amos 6, 6) מסריחין עַרְסוֹתֵיהֶם וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition עַרְסוֹתָם), see סָרַח 3; Kiddushin 71ᵇ ↗ original

עֶרֶס same. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 3, 11. Targum Onkelos Exodus 7, 28. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2 the same place (ibid.) 21, 18; and frequently—תשמיש (ד)ע׳ sexual connection. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2 the same place (ibid.) 19, 15 (Yerushalmi (prefix) I דעָרִיס). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 5, 13 דעריס; and elsewhere—Targum 2 Samuel 3, 31 bier.—Sanhedrin 20ᵃ; Nedarim 56ᵇ ע׳ דגדא, see גַּדָּא. the same place (ibid.) ע׳ דצלא a bed with a leather mattress. Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 ע׳ (רבתי) פחיתא a broken bedstead. Bava Bathra 22ᵃ לעַרְסֵיה וכ׳ waiting for the bier of R. A. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᶜ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, 35ᵇ יהבון עַרְסִי וכ׳ place my bier (coffin) at the sea-shore; and frequently—plural עַרְסָן, עַרְסָתָא, עַרְסִין. Targum Amos 6, 4 עַרְסַתְהוֹן edition Lagarde edition (other edition עַרְסֵיהוֹן). Echah Rabbah the passage cited אתקין … עַרְסָאתָא he prepared for them four beds. Vayikra Rabbah section 5 (transl. מטות שן Amos the passage cited) ע׳ דפיל ivory bedsteads. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 3, 6ᵃ top ע׳ קיסרייתא וכ׳ Cæsarean bedsteads which have holes for the girths; and elsewhere (compare עָרִיס I) arcade along a row of buildings, sidewalk. Gittin 6ᵃ מצריך מע׳ לע׳ required identification of signatures on documents brought from one side of the street to the other. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 1, 60ᶜ bottom of the page מע׳ לע׳ from one side of the street to the other (or from one couch to the other, see טְעַן 2).—plural עַרְסָתָא. Eruvin 26ᵃ מערב … ע׳ ע׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (Munich manuscript ערסא ערסא; edition עַרְסְיָיתָא, frequently עַרְסִיתָא) provided the whole town of M. with ‘Erubs (see עֵירוּב), one for each row of connected houses. dish of the steel-yard, scales. Shabbath 60ᵃ, see עֲדָשָׁה. ↗ original

עֲרִסָה , see עֲרִיסָה ↗ original

עַרְסִי , plural עַרְסִיִּין (preceding article) belonging to a bedstead; (מלין) ע׳ strapping, girthing. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᶜ top הן דעבד מ׳ ע׳ וכ׳ (Or Avodah Zarah Shabbath 64 דעביד ערסמו, read ערסיין) he who does girthing work (on the Sabbath), if lengthwise etc. ↗ original

עַרְסִיתָא , plural עַרְסְיָיתָא, see עַרְסָא 2. ↗ original

*עִרְסֵל (see next word) to swing (like a hammock). Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעַרְסֵל to be swung; to waddle, stagger. Bereshith Rabbah section 31 דוב בא ליכנס והיו רגליו מִתְעַרְסְלוֹת quoted in Rashi to Ezekiel 14, 14 (missing in edition) when a bear wanted to force his entrance into the ark, his feet tottered; the same place (ibid.) (with referring to giants) מתערסלות במים Aruch (Sefer HeArukh); Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 55 מתערסלות; see עִרְכֵּל. ↗ original

עַרְסַל (see עַרְסָא) hammock, see אַרְזְלָא. ↗ original

עָרַע , see עִרְעֵר 3 ↗ original

עֲרַע 1 (apocop. of ערער, transpos. of רערע; compare כֶּסֶךְ a. כַּסְכַּס) to come in contact with; to join, meet. Targum Jeremiah 41, 6 (Hebrew text פגש). Targum Onkelos Genesis 32, 2 (Hebrew text פגע). Targum Onkelos Exodus 1, 10; and frequently; see אֲרַע I. Pa'el פִּעֵל (ערְעַר) עָרע to join, be added to. Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 27 חדא מְעָרְעָא חדא וכ׳ (edition מְעַרְעֲרָא) one (sin) is added to another etc., see אָרַע I. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְעָרַע to be met; to happen; to come before. Targum 2 Samuel 1, 6. the same place (ibid.) 20, 1. Targum Hosea 11, 7. the same place (ibid.) 8. Targum Jeremiah 4, 20; and elsewhere—[ to be added, increased. Yerushalmi (prefix) Challah 2, 58ᵈ top אִתְעָרְעוּן (edition אזדרעון), see קַבָּא.] ↗ original

עֲרַע 2 (the preceding; see אָרַע 2), Pa'el עָרַע to call, proclaim, summon. Targum Zephaniah, Book of 1, 7 (Hebrew text הקדיש). Targum Onkelos Leviticus 23, 2; and frequently; see אֲרַע 2. ↗ original

עִרְעוּר , see עַרְעַר ↗ original

עֲרָעִין , see עֵרָיִין ↗ original

עַרְעִיתָא 1 (עֲרַע 1) accident. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 9, 11 (Hebrew text פגע). ↗ original

עַרְעִיתָא 2 = Hebrew צִרְעָה, wasp, hornet. Targum Onkelos Exodus 23, 28 עָרָ׳ edition Berlin edition (other edition עֲרָ׳, עַרְ׳). Targum Joshua 24, 12; and elsewhere—Shabbath 80ᵇ ונפקא ע׳ מן וכ׳ a wasp came out of the wall and stung him etc., see אַנְדִּיפֵי.—5. אוּרְעִיתָא. ↗ original

עִרְעֵר (Pilp. of עוּר) to stir up, excite to lamentation. Moed Katan 8ᵃ לא יְעַרְעֵר וכ׳, see עוּר Polel [to stir up strife, disturb,] to contest the legality of an action, the legitimacy of a person, his fitness as judge, witness etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 3, 21ᵈ top אם בא ועי׳ עֲרָרוֹ קיים if he comes and protests (against the judgment given in his absence), his protest is valid. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 5, end, 39ᵇ כל מי שיבוא וִיעַרְעֵר וכ׳ whosoever may at some future time contest this donation (having a claim against the property); and elsewhere—[Megillah 25ᵇ המְעַרְעֲרִים those inclined to argue,—a censorial change from המומרים or המינים; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 8.] to stir on by chiding, to scold. Sotah 3, 3 מְעַרְעֲרִים אותה וכ׳ they (the court) chide her and make her drink by force; [Rashi seems to take our word in the sense of encouraging]; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 3 מְרַעְרְעִין edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading מערערין). the same place (ibid.) בצבת של ברזל … מדדין וכ׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading מערערין, read ומע׳) they opened her mouth … and urged her on and forced her to drink; Sotah 19ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 18ᵈ bottom of the page מערערים אותה עד וכ׳ we urge her on to drink by chiding her until her face becomes pale; Bamidbar Rabbah section 9; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 708 מכין אותה ומע׳ וכ׳ … they strike her with the broadside of a sword and urge her etc.; and elsewhere Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעַרְעֵר to be stirred up, see עָרַר. ↗ original

עִרְעֵר 2 to lay bare, strip, denude; to make lonely. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana ʿĂniya, p. 134ᵇ (explained סערה, Isaiah 54, 11) מערערתא שעִרְעֲרוּהָ וכ׳ ‘the stripped’ (or lonely) one whom the nations have denuded (with referring to ערו, Psalms 137, 7); Yalkut Shimoni section 339 שעיר ערוה (read: שעִירְעֲרוּהָ). Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 708 (play on המים המאררים למרים, Numbers 5, 24) שממררין את הגוף ומְעַרְעֲרִין את העון (not שממרין) because they make the body bitter (sick), and lay the sin bare; Sifré Numbers 11 ומרעדים את העין (correct accordingly); Bamidbar Rabbah section 9 שמאררים את הגוף ומבערין וכ׳ (correct accordingly; see, also, בָּרַר). Nithpalp. נִתְעַרְעֵר to be stripped, bare. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 102, 18 (referring to ערער, the same place (ibid.)) זה מנשה שנתע׳ ממעשים טובים (some edition שערער, correct accordingly; edition Buber edition שחיה ער, read עַרְעָר) this refers to Manasseh who was bare of good deeds.—5. עַרְעָר. ↗ original

עַרְעֵר 1 , to strip, make lonely. participle passive מְעַרְעַר; feminine מְעַרְעַרְתָּא. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana ʿĂniya, p. 134ᵇ, and elsewhere, see the preceding ↗ original

עִרְעֵר 3 (see עֲרַע I) [to bring into contact,] to keep a liquid in the throat for the sake of lubrication. Tosefta Shabbath 12 (13), 10 if one has a sore throat, לא יְעַרְעֲרֶנּוּ בשמן וכ׳ he must not lubricate it with oil (on the Sabbath); Berachoth 36ᵃ לא יְעָרְעֶנּוּ (Pi'el of עָרַע; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) יערער׳); Tosefta Terumoth 9, 12 יערענו (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) ירדנו?); Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 8, 38ᵃ top יערער׳. to cause to meet. Koheleth Rabbah to 9, 11 (referring to יקרה, the same place (ibid.); compare עַרְעִיתָא I) עת היא שפוגעת האדם ומְעַרְעֶרֶת בו וכ׳ it is time that strikes man and causes all these things (vicissitudes) to meet him. ↗ original

עַרְעֵר 2 , to join, meet. Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 27 מְעַרְעֲרָא, see עֲרַע I. ↗ original

עַרְעֵר 3 (transpos. of רערע, see רָעַע) to make shaky, loosen.—participle passive מְעַרְעַר; feminine מְעַרְעֲרָה. Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Ḥănina 2) (referring to רֹעָה, Proverbs 25, 19) שן מע׳ a shaky tooth, see מַטְמֵט. ↗ original

עַרְעָר stripped, lonely. Vayikra Rabbah section 30; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 855 שהיה ע׳ ממעשים וכ׳, see עִרְעֵר.—plural עַרְעָרִים. the same place (ibid.); Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 102, 18. ↗ original

עַרְעַר (עִרְעֵר 1) protest; evidence of illegitimacy or disqualification. Kethuboth 21ᵇ וקרא ע׳ על אחד מהן and the qualification of one of the judges was contested; the same place (ibid.) and the following ע׳ דמאי of what nature was that alleged disqualification?; ע׳ דגזלנותא a disqualification based on the charge of robbery; ע׳ דפגם משפחה based on alleged family blemish (descent from slaves). Bava Bathra 31ᵇ, and the following ע׳ חד איכא וכ׳ they differ as to acting on the evidence of disqualification proffered by one witness; ר׳ אלעזר סבר ע׳ חד R. El. is of the opinion that evidence of disqualification by one witness is sufficient; ע׳ תרי it requires two witnesses; Kethuboth 26ᵃ. the same place (ibid.), and frequently אין ע׳ פחות משנים in charges of disqualification no less than two witnesses are required. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 1, 64ᵃ משפחה … שהיו קורין עליה ע׳ a family … whose qualification for marriage with priests was disputed; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 8, 9ᵇ bottom of the page; Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 60ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 2, 26ᵇ bottom of the page שטר שנקרא עליו ע׳ a document against which an informality was charged; and frequently ↗ original

עַרְעֲרִין , see עֲרָיִין ↗ original

עָרַף (Biblical Hebrew) to divide, cut. Sifré Deuteronomy 306 (referring to יערף, Deuteronomy 32, 2) אין יַעֲרֹף … פרוט … אלא עֲרוֹף לי וכ׳ yaʿʿărof is a Phoenician (mercantile) term, e.g. one does not say to one’s neighbor, pʾroṭ (break into small change) this Selʿa for me, but ʿărof for me etc.—Denom. עוֹרֶף.—2) (compare קָטַף a. קְטָף) to drop, distill. Taanith 7ᵃ (referring to Deuteronomy the passage cited) אם ת"ח … ואם לאו עוֹרְפֵיהוּ כמטר if a scholar is worthy, he is like dew; if unworthy, drop him like rain; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 942 עָרְפֵהוּ. (denominative of עוֹרֶף) to break the neck of; especially to break the neck of a heifer to atone for a murder the author of which is unknown (Deuteronomy 21, 1–9); to perform the ceremony of atonement. Sotah 9, 2 לא היו עוֹרְפִין they did not perform the ceremony. the same place (ibid.) 45ᵇ; and frequently—the same place (ibid.) 9, 5 ועורפין אותה בקופיץ וכ׳ and (if the ground is not hard and rough) they cut her head from behind with a hatchet.—participle passive עָרוּף; feminine עֲרוּפָה.—עגלה ע׳, see עֶגְלָה. (compare אָחַר) (of copulations of animals) to cover (from behind). the same place (ibid.) 42ᵇ (play on עָרְפָּה) שהכל עורפין וכ׳ all covered her from behind. Nif'al נִפְעַל נֶעֱרַף, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְעָרֵף to have the neck broken. the same place (ibid.) 9, 7 (47ᵃ) נמצא … עד שלא נֶעֶרְפָּה וכ׳ (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition עד שלא תֵיעָרֵף) if the murderer was discovered before the heifer was put to death; משנִתְעָרְפָה העגלה Mishnah (Yerushalmi (prefix) a. Babylonian edition משנערפה) after the ceremony had taken place. the same place (ibid.) 46ᵃ יבוא דבר … ויֵעָרֵף וכ׳ let there be brought a thing which has not yet produced fruit (a heifer) and be broken in a place which produces no fruit, and atone for the murder of him who was prevented from producing fruit (good deeds on earth). Shemoth Rabbah section 42, end (play on קשה ערף, Exodus 32, 9) ראויים הם להֵעָרֵף they deserve to have their necks broken; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֲרַף , to break the neck of the heifer. Sotah 46ᵃ הכי נמי דלא עַרְפִינָן is it really so that we do not perform the ceremony (in such a case)? ↗ original

עֵרֶף , plural עֲרָפִין, substitute for עֲרָכִין, see עֵרֶךְ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 1, beginning 36ᶜ ואילו תנינן … ע׳ ערצין ערקין but if we were to teach (substitutes for ʿărakhin), what would we teach? ʿĂrafin, ʿăratsin, ʿăraḳin ↗ original

עֹרֶף , see עוֹרֶף ↗ original

עָרְפָּא = Hebrew עוֹרֶף. (in singular sense). Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 665 חמי ע׳ חמי קדרון (read: קדלין) look at the (fat) neck, look at the back; [obviously one a gloss to the other; different interpretation or differently interpreted in Vayikra Rabbah section 34, a. Koheleth Rabbah to 5, 13]. ↗ original

עַרְפָּד ʿarpad, a species of bats. Bava Kamma 16ᵃ עטלף … נעשה ע׳ וכ׳ the bat after seven years changes into an ʿarpad, the ʿarpad etc., see קִימּוֹש. ↗ original

עַרְפְּדָא , bat (Hebrew עטלף). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 14, 18 (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 חרפתא); Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 11, 19 טרפידא (טרפירא) (correct accordingly). ↗ original

עָרְפָּה (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a female person Orpah, wife of Chilion, son of Naomi, in legend identified with Harafah (2 Samuel 21, 22). Sotah 42ᵇ בשכר ארבע דמעות שהורידה ע׳ וכ׳ as a reward for four tears which O. shed, when parting with her mother-in-law she was privileged to rear four mighty men (2 Samuel the passage cited). the same place (ibid.) ע׳ שמה וכ׳ her real name was O., and why was she called Harafah?, see הֲרִיפוֹת. the same place (ibid.) הרפה שמה … ע׳ he real name was Harafah, and why was she called O.?, see עָרַף. Sanhedrin 95ᵃ חזייה לע׳ וכ׳ he (Abishai) saw O., his (Jishbi’s) mother, spinning. Ruth Rabbah to 1, 14; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֲרָפֵילָא , see עַרְפְּלָא ↗ original

*עִרְפֵּל (Parel of עפל), Hithpa'el הִתְעַרְפֵּל to swell (?). Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 18, 37 יִתְעַרְפְּלוּן, see ערְטֵל. ↗ original

עֲרָפֶל cloud; spray; mist; ʿĂrafel, the lower sky. Chagigah 12ᵇ חשך ענן וע׳ וכ׳ darkness, cloud, and mist surround him. Tanchuma Vayera 23 פתח הקב"ה את הרקיע ואת הע׳ the Lord opened the sky and the ʿărafel. Mechilta Yithro, Baḥod., section 2 (referring to בעב הענן, Exodus 19, 9) בענן עבה ואיזה זה ע׳ in a thick cloud; and what is this? This is ʿărafel; and elsewhere ↗ original

עַרְפְּלָא Targum 2 Samuel 22, 12; Targum Psalms 18, 12. Targum 2 Esther 3, 3.—plural construct state עַרְפְּלֵי. Bereshith Rabbah section 99, see טוּרָא 2. ↗ original

עָרַץ (Biblical Hebrew) to be strong; to frighten. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶעֱרִיץ to proclaim the power of, praise. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 4 מַעֲרִיצִים ומקדושים וכ׳ they praise and sanctify his great name; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 271; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֵרֶץ , plural עֲרָצִין, substitute for עֲרָכִין, see עֵרֶף. ↗ original

עַרְצוּבְיָא (compare אַרְזְבוֹנִית) a species of locusts (compare ἐρυσίβη, 70 Joel 1, 4; 2, 25 for חסיל; Deuteronomy 28, 42 for צלצל). Chullin 65ᵃ; Sifra Sh’mini, Parah 3, Chaldaic (Aramaic) V (different interpretation or differently interpreted from ארזבונית). ↗ original

עָרַק [to pass, squeeze through,] (denominative of עַרְקָא) to strap. Tanchuma Mishpatim 1 עזוב … עֲרוֹק מכאן loosen a little on this side, lift …, strap on that side. ↗ original

עֲרַק (the preceding; compare ברח) to flee, run. Targum Genesis 14, 10; and frequently—Bava Metzia 84ᵃ אבוך ע׳ … ואת עֲרִיק ללודקיא (Munich manuscript ברח) thy father fled (from persecution) to A., flee thou to Laodicea; Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 3, 50ᵈ bottom of the page עד דעַרְקַת וכ׳ (I shall call thee so,) until thou runnest away and goest etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 31 (עָרְקִין) עֲרִיקִין הוינן מן קומי וכ׳ we were fugitives from a (Roman) troop, and living in etc., see בְּטִיטָא; Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 1, beginning 27ᵃ כד הוינן ערקין וכ׳. Avodah Zarah 16ᵃ דכי שלים … מֵעֲרַק עַרְקֵי for when their weapons (missiles) are spent, they run away (and do not attack with their shields). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 16, end, 15ᵈ פריס … ונורא עַרְקָא מינה he spread his cloak …, and the fire fled from it (see גָּדִישָׁא); and frequently—[Gittin 78ᵃ, see עֲדַק.] Pa'el פִּעֵל עָרֵק, עַרֵק to put to flight, chase. Targum Deuteronomy 32, 30 יְעָרְקוּן (not יֶעֶרְ׳, יְעִירְ׳). Targum Proverbs 19, 26 מְעָרֵיק (edition Vilna edition מְעַרֵ׳; some edition מַעֲרִיק Af'el); and elsewhere to save. Targum Judges 6, 11 לעָרָקָא (edition Vilna edition לַעֲרָ׳ Af'el). Af'el הִפְעִיל אַעֲרִיק same. Targum Job 41, 20 יַעֲרִיק׳ (edition יְעַרְק׳ Pa'el). Targum Proverbs 16, 28 מַעֲרִיק וכ׳ causes his friend to flee (him) (variant reading מעדיק, see עֲדַק); and elsewhere, see above. ↗ original

עֵרֶק , plural עֲרָקִין, substitute for עֲרָכִין, see עֵרֶף. ↗ original

עָרָק (see next word) a long and flat vessel made of rush, Maimonides; [other opinion sieve; compare אֲרָק a. עֲדָק I]. Kelim 16, 3; Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 5, 13. bandage, compress. Shabbath 54ᵇ Oxford manuscript, see עֲדָק 2. ↗ original

עַרְקָא (עֲרַק) strap, band. Tanchuma Bereshith 7 הדין ע׳ וכ׳, see מְשַׁךְ 2.—plural עַרְקִין. Targum Ezekiel 27, 19 (some edition עדקין, correct accordingly). sedge, rush. Targum Job 8, 11 (Hebrew text אָחוּ). the same place (ibid.) 40, 21 (Hebrew text בִּצָּה). leech, see עֲלוּקָא.—[עַרְקָא feminine, see עִרְקְתָא.] ↗ original

עַרְקַבְלִין (probably frequently עקב; compare next word) prickly creepers on palm-trees, palm-ivy (see חַרְחֲבִינָא). Eruvin 2, 6 (23ᵃ) עקרבנין Mishnah (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition ערקבנ׳; Babylonian edition ערקבל׳); the same place (ibid.) 26ᵇ ערקבלין, explained אצוותא חרוזיאתא, see אַצְוָוא; Pesachim 39ᵃ ערקבל׳. Shevi'ith 7, 2 ערקבנ׳ (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition ערקבל׳). ↗ original

עַרְקוּב (עָקַב, Parah) [curve,] hough, ham, the inner part of the knee; the inner angle of the joint which unites the thigh and the leg of an animal. Bechoroth 6, 11 זנב העגל לע׳ … if the tail of a (first-born) calf does not reach the ʿarḳub; לאיזה ע׳ אמרו which ʿarḳub (curve) is meant? לע׳ שבאמצע הירך the ʿarḳub in the thigh, explained the same place (ibid.) 41ᵃ קפץ העליונה וכ׳ the upper joint (the inner part of the knee), not the lower joint (knuckle); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4, 14. Tamid 4, 2 (31ᵃ) נוקבו מתוך עַרְקוּבוֹ וכ׳ Babylonian edition (Mishnah עַרְכּוּבוֹ) he makes a hole through its ham and suspends it. ↗ original

עַרְקוּמָא , see עוּרְקָמָא ↗ original

ערקי , Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 8, 31ᶜ bottom of the page, ייסי ע׳, see ייסי ↗ original

עַרְקִין , Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 28, 19, see טַרְקְיָא ↗ original

עַרְקֵל , (Parel of עֲקַל; see Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 2964) to confuse, perplex. participle passive מְעַרְקַל, plural מְעַרְקְלִין. Targum Proverbs 29, 20 דמע׳ מילוי (Levita דמערקלא, incorr.) he whose words are confused (blurted; Hebrew text אץ בדבריו). ↗ original

עַרְקַת ʿArḳath Libnah. Bechoroth 57ᵇ (Rashi ע׳ לבינה), see אַרְקָא 2. ↗ original

עַרְקְתָא (see עַרְקָא) strap.—עַרְקַת מסנא, ע׳ דמסנא shoe-strap. Targum Onkelos Genesis 14, 23; and elsewhere—Vayikra Rabbah section 35; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 4 כע׳ סומקא וכ׳ as a red strap etc., see מִסְכֵּנוּתָא; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Shimʿu, p. 117ᵃ כהיך ע׳ סמוקא בקדליה וכ׳ (not בדקליה); Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 670; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 256; Vayikra Rabbah section 13 כעזקתא (correct accordingly). Sanhedrin 74ᵇ top אפי׳ לשנויי ע׳ דמסאנא (in days of religious persecution you must resist) even to changing the shoe-strap. Bava Bathra 21ᵃ, see מְחָא 2. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 15, 15ᵃ, see יְקַד; and elsewhere ↗ original

עָרַר , Pi'el עֵירֵר (see עִרְעֵר I) [to stir up,] to protest, contest, object. Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 1, 43ᶜ top אם בא ועי׳ עררו בטל if the husband comes and contests (the validity of his letter of divorce), his objection is null and void. the same place (ibid.) הוא ערר משנישאת הוא ע׳ וכ׳ it is all the same whether he objects after she has remarried or before it. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 2, beginning 26ᵃ נתאלמנה מי עוֹרֵר וכ׳ if she is a widow, who objects (opposes the woman’s claim)? Gittin 1, 3 אם יש עליו עוֹרְרִים if there are contestants against it (the letter of divorce); and frequently Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעָרֵר to be stirred up. Tosefta Sotah 2, 2 אפי׳ … המים מִתְעָרְרִין עליה variant reading (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) המים היה מִתְרַעְרְעִין, read: המים מתר׳ or מִתְעַרְעֲרִין) even if she goes astray twenty years afterwards, the waters will be stirred up (work injury) in her body. ↗ original

עֲרַר 1 , to object. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 7, 31ᶜ top הויין קריביה עַרְרִין ואמרין וכ׳ the relatives objected (to the verdict) and said etc. the same place (ibid.) 6, 30ᵈ top אשכחינון עֲרִירִין he found them disputing (about the amount to be allowed for the wife’s toilet). Pa'el פִּעֵל עָרֵיר to stir up, incite. Targum Isaiah 9, 10. ↗ original

עֲרָר = עַרְעָר, protest, objection, claim. Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 1, 43ᶜ top עֲרָרוֹ בטל, see עָרַר. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 9, beginning 32ᵈ כל ע׳ שיש לי בשדה זו whatever claim I may have on this field. Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 3, 58ᵈ top קרא ע׳ על וכ׳ if objection was raised against the signature etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 1, 43ᶜ bot ע׳ שבגיפו an objection based on an alleged informality of the document itself; ע׳ שחוץ לגופו an objection not concerning the document itself (e.g. that the letter of divorce was given conditionally). ↗ original

עֲרַר 2 Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 22, 14; 17 (not ערד; Hebrew text עלילת).—[עֲרָר, Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 20, 2 (edition Vienna edition ערד), read: גְּרָר.] ↗ original

עֶרֶשׂ see עֶרֶס) bed. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 41, 4 וכי יש ע׳ של דוי is there a bed of despair?; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 741. ↗ original

עָשׁ 1 (Biblical Hebrew) the constellation called the Great Bear. Berachoth 58ᵇ, explained יותא, see אָתָא 3. ↗ original

עָשׁ Targum Job 9, 9. ↗ original

עָשׁ 2 (Biblical Hebrew) moth. Devarim Rabbah section 2, beginning, see מָסַס. ↗ original

עָשָׁא Targum Isaiah 50, 9. ↗ original

עֲשָׁאשִׁיתָא , see עֲשָׁשִׁיתָא ↗ original

עֵשֶׂב (Biblical Hebrew) herb, plant, grass. Bereshith Rabbah section 10, see מַזָּל. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 11 ע׳ הבאר the plants surrounding the well, see גִּעְגֵּעַ; and frequently—plural עֲשַׂבִּים. Kilayim 5, 7 אם ע׳ יופך if the dropped seeds have not grown beyond the stage of herbage, he must turn the soil over (see אָפַךְ). Vayikra Rabbah section 27, beginning ההרים מעלין ע׳ וכ׳ the mountains produce herbs, and the righteous, good deeds. Eruvin 54ᵃ בני האדם דומין לעִשְׂבֵּי השדה וכ׳ men are like the plants of the field, these blossom etc., see הָלָה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 68ᵈ bottom of the page, and elsewhere, see לֶחִי; and frequently ↗ original

עֲשַׂב Targum Genesis 1, 29 some edition; and frequently; see עִסְבָּא.—Vayikra Rabbah section 22 חמא חד עשב וכ׳ saw a certain plant and picked it up, and made of it a wreath for his head. the same place (ibid.) חמא ההוא ע׳ saw that same plant. Bava Bathra 74ᵇ, see סַמְתְּרֵי; and frequently—plural עִשְׂבֵּי, עִי׳. the same place (ibid.) ואנחנא אע׳ and we rested on the herbs. Sotah 48ᵇ ע׳ טוריא mountain herbs, see שׁוּט I Chaldaic (Aramaic); and frequently ↗ original

עָשָׂה , see עשי ↗ original

עֵשָׂו (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Esau, son of Isaac; (gent. noun) Esau (Edom), frequ. a disguise for Rome. Yoma 38ᵇ רשע דר … זה ע׳ a wicked man that dwelt between two righteous men without adopting their doings, that is Esau. Gittin 57ᵇ (referring to Genesis 27, 22) אין לך … מזרעו של ע׳ there is no successful war in which descendants of Esau have no participle Bereshith Rabbah section 2 ויהי ערב ערבו של ע׳ ‘and it was evening’ (Genesis 1, 5), the evening (decline) of Esau (Rome). Koheleth Rabbah to 5, 7 אם ראית ע׳ בכרך הגדול של רומי עושק וכ׳ when thou seest Esau in the large city of Rome oppressing the poor and robbing the indigent etc.; and frequently ↗ original

עִשּׂוּי (עָשָׂה) force, pressure. Kethuboth 53ᵃ מעלאי דידי היינו ע׳ Tosafoth to the same place (ibid.) 50ᵃ (Rashi עַשּׂוּיֵי; edition עשייה) my coming in with you would be equal to forcing (undue influence); see עֲשֵׂי. ↗ original

עִשּׁוּן , see sub עִישּׁ׳. ↗ original

עִשּׁוֹנִית (see עֲשַׁשׁ, a. עֶשֶׁת) hard and level ground. Mechilta Beshallach, Shir., section 5 (referring to Exodus 15, 5) וכי תהומות יש שם והלא ע׳ היא are any abysses there?, is not it (the bottom of the Red Sea) even and hard?; וכי מצולות יש שם והלא ע׳ היתה (read היא) are any whirlpools there? etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 246; Tanchuma Beshallach 14 עשוניות (some edition עשיניות; correct accordingly). ↗ original

עִשּׂוּר , see sub עִישּׂ׳. ↗ original

עשות , Yalkut Shimoni Song of Songs 991 some edition, see עֶשֶׁת ↗ original

עשּׂוֹרְיָאתָא , see עִיסּוּרְיָתָא ↗ original

עשי to do, work, prepare (corresp. in variety of meanings to עֲבַד). Shevi'ith 8, 6 אין עוֹשִׂין זתים וכ׳ (in the Sabbatical year) you must not prepare (press, compare עֲסֵי) olives in the press etc. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 6, 29 אין עושין אותן גרוגרות you must not prepare them as dried figs. the same place (ibid.) 8 אין עושין את היין וכ׳ you must not make ăluntith wine (see אֲלוּנְטִית 2). Shabbath 118ᵃ, and elsewhere עֲשֵׂה שבתך חול וכ׳ make thy Sabbath a week-day (as to expense), and be independent of men. the same place (ibid.) 56ᵃ שביקש לַעֲשׂוֹת ולא ע׳ he wanted to do (evil), but did not do it. Berachoth 17ᵃ (referring to Psalms 111, 10) לעוֹשִׂים לשמה ועושים וכ׳ to those who do good for its own sake, but not to those who do it from impure motives; וכל העוֹשֶׂה שלא לשמה וכ׳ whoever does good from impure motives, had better not have been born; and very frequently—עֲשֵׂה (do), or מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה positive law; לאֹ תַעֲשֶׂה (do not) prohibitory law, see לֹא, לַאו, a. מִצְוָה. Kethuboth 30ᵃ, and elsewhere חייבי עֲ׳ מצרי ואדומי those guilty of transgressing the law implied in the positive law (limitation) concerning intermarriages with descendants of Egyptian or Edomite converts (Deuteronomy 23, 8 and the following).—לאו הבא מכלל עֲ׳, see לַאו.—ע׳ דמים, or ע׳ (supply (understood word) דמים) to value, assess. Bava Metzia 69ᵇ לא עֲשָׂאָהּ דמים he did not estimate her (the cow’s) value; ולא עשאה but did he not estimate her value (when he said, thy cow is worth to me thirty denars)? לא עשאה ד׳ מחיים וכ׳ he did not estimate her value as alive, but as dead (how much he would have to pay, if the cow died while in his use). the same place (ibid.) 62ᵇ צא ועֲשֵׂה עלי כשער וכ׳ go and give me credit for it in accordance with the present market price, and I will furnish it etc. the same place (ibid.) בדמי חיטיך שעָשִׂיתָ עלי בשלשים וכ׳ as an equivalent for thy wheat for which thou hast charged me with thirty denars, I hold wine for thee; and frequently—participle passive עָשׂוּי; feminine עֲשׂוּיָה; plural עֲשׂוּיִים, עֲשׂוּיִין; עֲשׂוּיוֹת. the same place (ibid.) הרי חיטיך ע׳ עלי וכ׳ thy wheat is worth to me etc. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 6, 6 הרי קמה זו ע׳ עליך וכ׳ this quantity of standing grain is charged to thee (I sell thee etc.) at one hundred etc.; the same place (ibid.) הרי גיזיהן של אלו ע׳ וכ׳ I sell thee the wool on these sheep for etc.; and frequently— Tanchuma Naso 10; Bamidbar Rabbah section 11 שלא תהא ע׳ that thou mayest not be forced (see Pi'el) to take an office, see פַּנְיָיס. to spend time, tarry. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 17, 14 ר׳ שמעון … שע׳ במערה וכ׳ edition Buber edition (other edition טמון) Rabbenu Shimshon ben Yerushalmi (prefix) who lived in a cave, … thirteen years. Bereshith Rabbah section 91 (referring to רדו, Genesis 42, 2) בישרם שהן עתידין לעשות שם ר"י שנה מנין רד"ו he announced to them that they were to live there two hundred and ten years, the numerical value of r’du; Bamidbar Rabbah section 13. Bereshith Rabbah section 22 עשה … קיים וכ׳ Abel lived from etc.; and frequently—Tanchuma Sh’mini 1 ולא ע׳ אלא אמר וכ׳ and he did not tarry but said etc., i.e. at once he said; and frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נַעֲשֶׂה to be done, made; to become. Berachoth 35ᵇ מלאכתן נַעֲשֵׂית ע"י אחרים their work is done through others. Bava Metzia 46ᵃ, and elsewhere מטבע נ׳ חליפין, see חֲלִיפִים. Pesikta Rabbati section 33 (referring to Isaiah 50, 5) לא נַעֲשֵׂיתִי אחור לנבואה I was not behind (any one) in prophecy; and very frequently—נ׳ דמים to be valued, priced. Bava Metzia the passage cited; Kiddushin 1, 6 כל הנ׳ ד׳ באחר an object upon which a valuation has been set for the purpose of exchange with another object; explained the same place (ibid.) 28ᵃ כל הנישום וכ׳ the value of which is estimated etc.; and elsewhere—נעשה כ־ it is to be considered as if, it is as if. Chullin 19ᵇ נ׳ כמי ששחט וכ׳ the case is the same as when a gentile begins the slaughtering and an Israelite finishes it. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 5, 10ᶜ top נ׳ כמשכיר וכ׳ it is to be considered as if he had rented the field to him at a high price; and frequently Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶעֱשָׂה to cause to do; to order. Bava Bathra 9ᵃ, and elsewhere גדול המַעֲשֶׂה יותר מן העושה greater is he who causes others to do good than he who does good. Shemoth Rabbah section 35 ליתן שכר למעשה כעושה to reward him who causes a good deed like him who does it. Bamidbar Rabbah section 7 (referring to Numbers 5, 4) מעצמן לא הוצרכו שיַעֲשִׂיאוּם משה וכ׳ ‘so did they’ of their own accord, it did not become necessary for Moses and Aaron to make them do it. Tosefta Pesachim 8, 5 שה׳ את הציבור לעשות וכ׳ (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) שעִישָּׂה, Pi'el) he ordered the congregation to celebrate the Second Passover; Tosefta Sanhedrin 2, 11 שהֶעֱשׂוּ את הצבור (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) שהֶיעֱשׂוּ) they ordered etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 6, 43ᵈ top ראו היך הֶעֱשִׂיא את ישראל לעבודה זרה see how he became the cause for Israelites to commit idolatry (to erect a Temple in Egypt); and elsewhere Pi'el פִּעֵל עִישָּׂה same, especially to force; to enforce. Pesikta Rabbati section 33 השופט דן … מְעַשֶּׂה את הדין the judge decides the law, and the officer (shoṭer) enforces the law. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 1, 18ᵈ bottom of the page ע׳ יחזקיהו לציבור לעשות וכ׳ Hezekiah ordered the congregation to celebrate etc.; Tosefta Pesachim the passage cited, see above. Rosh Hashanah 6ᵃ ועשית אזהרה לבית דין שיְעַשּׂוּךָ ‘and thou shalt do’ (Deuteronomy 23, 24), this is an instruction to the authorities to make thee do it; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 56ᶜ bottom of the page Kethuboth 77ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 9, end, 50ᵈ אין מְעַשִּׂין אלא וכ׳ we do not force (a man to divorce his wife) except etc. the same place (ibid.) ישראל שעִיסּוּ כמעשה גוים if an Israelitish authority forced (divorce) in the way the gentiles do; גוים שעיסו וכ׳ if gentile authorities forced (divorce) in the way Israelites do; and frequently—participle passive מְעוּשֶּׂה. Gittin 9, 8 גט מע׳ וכ׳ a letter of divorce given under force, if forced by an Israelitish authority, is valid. the same place (ibid.) 88ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original

עֲשֵׂי Pa'el עַשֵּׂי same, to force. Gittin 88ᵇ בני עַשּׂוּיֵי lawfully qualified to force (a divorce). Kethuboth 50ᵃ עַשִּׂיתִינְהוּ לזניה (read: לזוניה) I caused them (persuaded them, see Tosafoth ad loc. (on the passage)) to support him. the same place (ibid.) אי אמרת … משום הכי עַשְּׂיִינְהוּ וכ׳ if the law is that they are not bound to support him, then he had to persuade them; but if the law requires them to do it, what necessity was there to persuade them? the same place (ibid.) 53ᵃ לעַשּׂוּיֵיה נמי is it also permitted to influence him? the same place (ibid.) מי … עול ועַשְּׂיֵיה עול ולא תְעַשְּׂיֵיה וכ׳ did I say to thee, go in and influence him? I said, go, but do not influence him. the same place (ibid.) היינו עשייה (read: עַשּׂוּיֵיה), see עִשּׂוּי; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֲשִׂיָּה (the preceding) doing, action. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 9, 36ᵈ top (referring to וחדל לעשות, Numbers 9, 13) החדל בשעת ע׳ he who fails (to sacrifice, without being prevented) at the time when the Passover sacrifice is to be done. the same place (ibid.) חוץ לַעֲשִׂיָּיתוֹ out of the time of doing it. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 4, 44ᵃ (referring to Leviticus 26, 1) ע׳ בתחלה קימה וכ׳ ‘ye shall not make’ refers to the original making and putting up, ‘ye shall not put up’ means that you must not erect it when it has fallen down. Megillah 17ᵃ, and elsewhere ע׳ celebrating (Purim, Esther 9, 27), contradistinguished to זְכִירָה. Sifré Deuteronomy 212 (referring to Deuteronomy 21, 12) נאמר כאן ע׳ ונאמרה ע׳ וכ׳ here is an action mentioned concerning the head, and a doing is named concerning the nails מה ע׳ האמורה וכ׳ as the action concerning the head means removing (the hair), so etc.; Yevamoth 48ᵃ; and frequently—plural עֲשִׂיּוֹת. Yoma 55ᵃ (referring to Leviticus 16, 15) שיהיו כל עֲשִׂיּוֹתָיו שוות that all his actions (sprinklings) should be alike. the same place (ibid.) 71ᵇ, and the following; and elsewhere—[עשייה, Kethuboth 53ᵃ, see עֲשֵׂי.] ↗ original

עֲשֵׁין , see עֲשַׁן ↗ original

עַשִּׁין (עֲשַׁן) strong. Targum Psalms 24, 8. Targum Proverbs 24, 5 (some edition עִשּׁוּנָא). Targum Psalms 75, 9 (edition Vilna edition עֲשִׁין); and frequently—plural עַשִּׁינִין, עַשִּׁינַיָּא, עֲ׳. the same place (ibid.) 18, 18. the same place (ibid.) 30, 8 (edition Vilna edition עָ׳; edition Lagarde edition עושינא, read: עִישּׁוּנָא); and elsewhere—Fem. עשִּׁינְתָּא, עֲשִׁ׳. Targum Proverbs 18, 19 (edition Vilna edition עַשִּׁנְתָּא); and elsewhere—plural עַשִּׁינָתָא, עֲשִׁ׳. the same place (ibid.) 9, 3. the same place (ibid.) 18, 23 hard words (Hebrew text עַוּוּת). ↗ original

עשיניות , see עִשּׁוֹנִית ↗ original

*עָשִׁיק (עֲשַׁק; see Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 3006 under the word עשק) perverse, tricky. Targum Proverbs 14, 2 (variant reading edition Lagarde edition עשיר; Hebrew text נלוז). ↗ original

עָשִׁיק (עֲשַׁק; compare יקר) very dear, expensive, rare. Bava Metzia 52ᵃ (proverb) ע׳ לגביך ושוי וכ׳ for thy body (clothes) buy even what is dear, but for thy stomach, what is reasonable. the same place (ibid.) 74ᵃ ע׳ עפרא Rashi (edition עֲשַׁק; Munich manuscript לא שכיח) earth (for pottery) was scarce. Berachoth 56ᵃ, see רוּמָּנָא. ↗ original

עָשִׁיר substantial, wealthy; rich man. Shabbath 25ᵇ איזהו ע׳ כל שיש לו נחת רוח בעשרו who is rich? He who finds satisfaction in his wealth; Avoth 4, 1; Tamid 32ᵃ. Devarim Rabbah section 2 (referring to Proverbs 18, 23) עֲשִׁירוֹ של עולם the rich One (Owner) of the world. the same place (ibid.) אדם אם יהא לו קרוב ע׳ וכ׳ if a man’s relative is rich, he owns him, and if poor, he disowns him. Pesachim 113ᵃ ע׳ המעשר וכ׳ a rich man who gives away the tenth portion of his income in secret. the same place (ibid.) 113ᵇ (four are unbearable) דל גאה וע׳ פכחש וכ׳ a poor man that is proud, a rich man that flatters etc.; and very frequently—plural עֵשִׁירִים, עְשִׁירִין. Eruvin 86ᵃ רבי מכבד ע׳ Rabbi paid honor to the rich (for the sake of their charitable mission, referring to Psalms 61, 8, see יָשַׁב). Yoma 35ᵇ רבי … מחייב את הע׳ the example of R. El. b. Ḥarsum condemns the rich (who neglect the law on account of their business occupations). Menachoth 86ᵃ, and elsewhere וסימניך ע׳ מקמצין and thy mnemonical sign (see סִימָן) be: the rich are economical (Rabbi favored the economical practice); and frequently—Fem. עֲשִׁירָה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 3, end, 47ᶜ; Tosefta Shekalim 2, 4; and elsewhere—plural עֲשִׁירוֹת. Tanchuma Toldôth 9 ע׳ הן נאות וכ׳ they are rich, they are handsome etc. ↗ original

עשיר , Targum Proverbs 14, 2 variant reading, see עָשִׁיק I. ↗ original

עֲשִׂירָאָה = Hebrew עֲשִׂירִי, the tenth. Targum Onkelos Genesis 8, 5 (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition Vienna edition עֲשִׂירִי). Targum Onkelos a. Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 Leviticus 27, 32 (Yerushalmi (prefix) I עֲשִׂירָיָה); and frequently—Berachoth 5ᵇ, and elsewhere, see בִּיר.—Fem. עֲשִׂירִיתָא, עֲסִ׳. Targum Ezekiel 29, 1 (not עֲשִׂירְיָתָא); and elsewhere ↗ original

עֲשִׁירוּת (עָשִׁיר) wealth. Kethuboth 106ᵇ, and elsewhere במקום ע׳, see עֲנִיּוּת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 4, 18ᵃ and the following (referring to I Chronicles 22, 13 בעניי) שאין ע׳ לפני מי וכ׳ none can claim to be rich before Him who spoke and the world arose. Gittin 30ᵇ מאי שנא … לע׳ דלא וכ׳ why is it that they made provision for the debtor’s death, and none for the event of his becoming rich? מיתה שכיחא ע׳ וכ׳ death is an ordinary occurrence, becoming rich is not; and frequently ↗ original

עֲשִׂירִי the tenth. Berachoth 8ᵇ תשיעי וע׳ the ninth and the tenth (of Tishri). Bechoroth 9, 7 והיוצא ע׳ and the lamb which comes out the tenth. the same place (ibid.) 8; and frequently—Fem. עֲשִׂירִית. Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 261 וכמה הוא ע׳ האיפה and how much is the tenth of an Efah?; and elsewhere ↗ original

עְשִׂירָיָה , see עֲשִׂירָאָה ↗ original

עֲשִׂירִית , see עֲשִׂירִי, עֲשִׂירָאָה. ↗ original

עָשָׁן see עְשַׁן) [thick, compare עָב, אָבָק etc.,] smoke, soot. Kerithoth 6ᵃ מעלה ע׳ smoke-raiser (name of a plant). Yoma 21ᵇ עֲשַׁן המערכה the smoke rising from the pyre in the Temple; Bava Bathra 147ᵃ; and frequently—plural עֲשַׁנִּים. Shabbath 23ᵃ כל הע׳ יפין וכ׳ all soots are good for making ink, but that produced by burning olive oil is the best. ↗ original

עָשַׁן denominative of the preceding) to smoke. Pi'el פִּעֵל עִישֵּׁן to generate smoke; to fumigate; to burn incense. Shabbath 23ᵃ (referring to the use of oil for ink) לגבל או לעַשֵּׁן do you mean for kneading it with soot, or for making soot by burning it? Pesikta Rabbati section 12 והיו מְעַשְּׁנוֹת לפני עכו"ם they burnt incense before idols; Tanchuma Tol’doth 8 מעשנות ומקטרות וכ׳ raised smoke and burnt perfumes etc. Yevamoth 115ᵃ עִישֵּׁינוּ עלינו בית וכ׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) עִישְּׁנוּ) they (robbers) filled our house with smoke, filled a cave in which we dwelt with smoke etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 6, 12ᵇ bottom of the page במְעַשֵּׁין לפני וכ׳ (not במעשיו) when he burns spices in front of his shop; and elsewhere—Esp. to fumigate plants. Shevi'ith 2, 2 מְעַשְּׁנִין עד וכ׳ you may fumigate until New Year (of the Sabbatical year). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᵃ top המְעַשֵּׁן he who fumigates plants (on the Sabbath); and frequently—participle passive מְעוּשָּׁן; feminine מְעוּשֶּנֶת; plural מְעוּשָּׁנִים, מְעוּשָּׁנִין; מְעוּשָּׁנוֹת. Menachoth 8, 6 אין מביאין … מע׳ you must not use for libations sweet wine or smoked wine (of fumigated grapes). Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 1, 63ᵈ bottom of the page ענבים מאובקות ומע׳ וכ׳ (not מאונ׳) powdered (see אָבַק) or smoked grapes should not be offered as first-fruits. Chullin 3, 5 המע׳ an animal that has inhaled smoke; and elsewhere Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעַשֵּׁן to be affected by smoke, taste of smoke. Zevachim 64ᵃ שמא יִתְעַשֵּׁנוּ lest the wine for libations may catch smoke (when carried past the altar pyre). ↗ original

עֲשַׁן (compare אשן) to be substantial, strong (corresp. to Hebrew עזז, see עַז). Targum Psalms 52, 9 עֲשַׁן manuscript (edition עֲשִׁין). the same place (ibid.) 89, 14 (edition Vilna edition תַּעְשֵׁן Af'el); and elsewhere Af'el הִפְעִיל אַעְשֵׁן to strengthen, make substantial. Targum Proverbs 8, 28 (edition Vilna edition אַעְשִׂין, correct accordingly); and elsewhere Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְעַשֵּׁן, Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְעֲשַׁן to become strong. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 25, 8. to exhibit one’s strength. Targum Psalms 68, 29 (Hebrew text עוזה). to boast of one’s strength, be impudent. the same place (ibid.) 9, 20. ↗ original

עָשְׁנָא (the preceding) = Hebrew עֹז, strength. Targum Psalms 21, 2 בעָשְׁנָךְ (manuscript בעוּשְׁ׳). the same place (ibid.) 8, 3. the same place (ibid.) 29, 1 manuscript (edition עִישּׁוּנָא; edition Vilna edition עֻשָּׁנָא). Targum Proverbs 10, 15; and frequently ↗ original

עַשִּׁנְתָּא , see עַשִּׁין ↗ original

עשֶׁף , see עוֹשֶׁף ↗ original

עָשַׁק (Biblical Hebrew) [to press, twist,] to wrong, especially to withhold what is due to a fellowman; to deny a debt. Bava Metzia 111ᵃ (referring to Leviticus 5, 21) או עשק כתיב שעֲשָׁקוֹ כבר we read, ‘or if he have withheld’, which means that he had wronged him ere this (when he denied his indebtedness). Koheleth Rabbah to 4, 6 טוב … גוזל וחומס ועוֹשֵׁק ועושה וכ׳ better is he who does a little good with what is his own, than he who robs and does violence and oppresses, and does much good with what belongs to others. Sukkah 29ᵇ עוֹשְׁקֵי שכר שכיר those who withhold the hired man’s wages, different from כובשי וכ׳ (see כָּבַשׁ) who defer paying etc.; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֲשַׁק same. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 5, 21 עשק edition Berlin edition (other edition אנס). the same place (ibid.) 23. Targum Amos 4, 1; and frequently—participle passive עָשִׁיק. to pervert, see עָשִׁיק I. 1. (compare יקר) to be outrageously dear, see עָשִׁיק 2. ↗ original

עשֶׁק , see עוֹשֶׁק, עוּשְׁקָא. ↗ original

עָשַׁר (compare עֲשַׁן) to be strong, substantial, wealthy. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶעֱשִׁיר (denominative of (denominative of עָשִׁיר) to become wealthy. Bava Bathra 25ᵇ ושיַעֲשִׁיר and he who desires to become rich. Berachoth 33ᵃ הֶעֱשִׁירוּ קבעוה וכ׳ when they became wealthy, they made it a custom to recite the Habdalah over a cup. Meïl. 17ᵃ, see עָנָה 2, Hif'il Nedarim 38ᵃ לא ה׳ משה וכ׳ Moses became rich from the chips of the tablets; and frequently to make rich. Kethuboth 48ᵃ לאו כל הימנו שיעשיר וכ׳ he is not permitted to enrich his children and throw himself on the charities. Chullin 84ᵇ (explained עשתרת, Deuteronomy 7, 13) שמַעֲשִׁירוֹת את בעליהן Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition שמְעַשְּׁרוֹת, Pi'el) for they make their owners rich; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 848 שמעשרות. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 11 (referring to תעשרנה, Psalms 65, 10) אם זכיתם תַּעֲשִׁיֶרנָּה ואם לאו תְּעַשְּׂרֶנָּה וכ׳ if you deserve well (it reads:) ‘thou makest her rich’, if not, ‘thou reducest her to one-tenth’, that she yield you only one-tenth; and elsewhere Pi'el פִּעֵל עִישֵּׁר same; see above. Bava Bathra the passage cited, see below. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעַשֵּׁר, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְעַשֵּׁר to become rich. Shabbath 119ᵃ; Taanith 9ᵃ (play on עשר תעשר, Deuteronomy 14, 22) עַשֵּׂר בשביל שתִּתְעַשֵּׂר give tithes in order that thou become rich. Bava Bathra the passage cited מתוך שמתחכם מִתְעַשֵּׁר for when he grows wise, he will also grow rich; (Munich manuscript חכמתו מְעַשַּׁרְתּוֹ his wisdom makes him rich). Pesachim 50ᵇ עשרים … שלא יִתְעַשְּׁרוּ שאילמלי מִתְעַשְּׁרִין וכ׳ the men of the Great Assembly held twenty-four fasts to pray that the copyists of sacred books etc. might not become rich, for if they grew rich, they would not write; and frequently—[2) (Biblical Hebrew) to pretend to be rich, to pass for a rich man. Menachoth 85ᵇ. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 24.] ↗ original

עֲשַׁר Chaldaic (Aramaic) same (mostly עֲתַר). Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְעַשֵּׁר to become rich. Gittin 30ᵇ, see אֲשַׁר. ↗ original

עשֶׁר , see עוֹשֶׁר ↗ original

עֶשֶׂר (Biblical Hebrew) ten. Avoth 5, 1, see מַאֲמָר. Shemoth Rabbah section 15, and frequently עשר מכות (not עשרה) the ten Egyptian plagues. the same place (ibid.) ע׳ אנשים ten men; and very frequently—In compounds עָשָׂר, עֶשְׂרֵה, as אַחַד ע׳ eleven, שְׁנֵים ע׳ twelve etc. Rosh Hashanah 1, 1 בחמשה ע׳ בו on the fifteenth day of it (the month of Shebat). Pesachim 1, 1 אור לארבעה ע׳, see אוֹר 2; and very frequently—plural עֶשְׂרִים twenty. Bava Bathra 107ᵃ ואחד אומר בע׳ and one of the experts says, it is worth twenty (Selaim). Avoth 5, 21 בן ע׳ לרריף at the age of twenty years it is time to hunt (for a living); and very frequently ↗ original

עֲשַׂר 1 (also עֲסַר; עַסְרָא) Chaldaic (Aramaic) same. Targum Genesis 45, 23 (Yerushalmi (prefix) also עֶשֶׂר; O. edition Berlin edition עש׳, other edition עס׳); and frequently—חַד עֲשַׂר, חַד עֲסַר (contracted חַדְסַר) eleven; תרתי סרי twelve etc.—plural עַשְׂרִין, עַסְרִין, עֶ׳. Targum Genesis 31, 38. Targum Numbers 10, 11 בע׳ on the twentieth; and frequently—Bava Bathra 106ᵇ הויא ע׳ גריוי it contains twenty g’rivas (see גְּרִיוָא); and frequently ↗ original

עָשַׂר , Pi'el עִשֵּׂר (Biblical Hebrew; to give one-tenth, separate tithes. Shabbath 119ᵃ עַשִּׁר וכ׳, see עָשַׁר. Maasroth 4, 2 ושכחו לעַשְּׂרָן but had forgotten to pay the tithe of them. Shabbath 2, 7 עִשַּׂרְתֶּם have you set aside tithes (of what you intend to use for the Sabbath)? the same place (ibid.) ספק … אין מְעַשְּׂרִין את הודאי if it is doubtful whether or not night has set in, you must not separate the tithes of what is sure to be subject to tithes (see דְּמַאי); and very frequently—participle passive מְעוּשָּׂר; feminine מְעוּשֶּׂרֶת; plural מְעוּשָּׂרִים, מְעוּשָּׂרִין; מְעוּשָּׂרוֹת. Bechoroth 9, 7 (קפץ אחד) מן המע׳ לתוכן if one of those (lambs) which have been set aside as tithe, leaped among the flock. the same place (ibid.) הרי אלו מע׳ they (the flock) are considered as tithed; and frequently to reduce to one-tenth. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 11, see עָשַׁר. Nif'al נִפְעַל נֶעֱשַׂר, Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְעַשֵּׂר, , Nithpa'el נִתְעַשֵּׂר to be tithed. Maasroth the passage cited עד שיֵעָשְׂרוּ (Munich manuscript שיִתְעַשְּׂרוּ) until they are tithed. the same place (ibid.) 5 מִתְעַשֶּׂרֶת זרע וכ׳ must be tithed as seed, as vegetables (if the leaves are used) etc. Bechoroth 9, 1 ואינן מִתְעַשְּׂרִים מזה על זה and they (large cattle and small cattle) cannot be tithed one for the other. the same place (ibid.) 53ᵇ אין דין שיִתְעַשְּׂרוּ זה מזה should we not conclude that they may be tithed one for the other?; and frequently ↗ original

עֲשַׂר 2 Pa'el עַשֵּׂר, עַסֵּר same, to tithe. Targum Deuteronomy 14, 22. the same place (ibid.) 26, 12 (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 למַעַשְׂרָא Af'el).—Yevamoth 93ᵃ ע׳ מפירי דביתיה עילויהו he set aside as tithes from the produces in his house on behalf of those (that were to come in). the same place (ibid.) לעַשּׂוּרֵי ומיכל as regards tithing and eating; and elsewhere ↗ original

עַשְׂרָא , see עֲשַׂר I ↗ original

עֲשָׂרָה , see עֶשֶׂר ↗ original

עִשָּׂרוֹן the preceding words) one-tenth of an Ephah, ʿissaron. Menachoth 13, 1 הרי עלי ע׳ וכ׳ if a person says, ‘I vow an ʿissaron, he must offer one minḥah. the same place (ibid.) 2 מנחה של ששים ע׳ a meal offering of sixty ʿissarons; and frequently—plural עֶשְׂרוֹנִים, עֶשְׂרוֹנוֹת. the same place (ibid.) 1 ע׳ יביא וכ׳ (Babylonian edition 104ᵇ עשרונות) if a person says, ‘I vow ʿesronim, he must offer two minḥahs. the same place (ibid.) יביא מנחות של ע׳ מאחד ועד ששים he must bring (sixty) offerings of ʿesronim, beginning with one ʿissaron and progressing up to sixty; and elsewhere ↗ original

עִשְׂרוֹנָא Targum Numbers 28, 13; and frequently—plural עִשְׂרוֹנִין, עִסְ׳, עֶ׳. the same place (ibid.) 12; and frequently ↗ original

עֲשִׂרָיָה , see עֲשִׂירָאָה ↗ original

עֲשִׂרִית , see עֲשִׂירִי, עֲשִׂירָאָה. ↗ original

עֲשֶׂרֶת construct state (Biblical Hebrew; group of ten. Shabbath 86ᵇ ע׳ הדברות the ten words (commandments); and frequently—plural עֲשָׂרוֹת, עֲשָׂרִיּוֹת. Sanhedrin 18ᵃ שרי ע׳ ששת רבוא the number of the chiefs of ten (Exodus 18, 21) was sixty thousand; Mechilta Yithro, ʿĂmal., section 2; Tanchuma Mishpatim 6. Tanchuma Emor 24 (Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) זיל כנוש עֲשָׂרִיּוֹתֶיךָ go and gather thy divisions of ten. ↗ original

עֲשַׂרְתָּא construct state עֲשֶׂרֶת same. Targum Esther 3, 9; and elsewhere—Pesikta Rabbati section 18 נצחון ע׳ מניכון לע׳ אלפין וכ׳ (not מיניכון) your ten manahs’ worth (of a barley offering) will overcome my ten thousand (talents of silver); and elsewhere ↗ original

עֲשַׂרְתֵּי same. Targum Esther 9, 10; 12. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 2, 2 (edition Vienna edition עִישְׂרְתֵי). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 4, 13 עִישַׂרְתֵּי; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֲשָׁשִׁית (see אָשַׁשׁ a. עֶשֶׁת) ע׳ של ברזל wrought iron, bar, ball.—plural עֲשָׁשִׁיּוֹת. Yoma 34ᵇ ע׳ של ברזל וכ׳ lumps of wrought iron were heated for the high priest on the eve of the Day of Atonement; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 20 (variant reading עששית); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 40ᶜ עֲשָׁשׁוֹת. Avodah Zarah 16ᵃ אין מוכרין להם ע׳ וכ׳ we must not sell them (the Romans) iron bars, … because they forge arms out of them (explained פרזלא הינדואה, see הִינְדָּוָא). Sanhedrin 108ᵇ יש לנו ע׳ וכ׳ we have iron plates with which we can pave the ground (to prevent water coming up). (see אֶשֶׁשׁ) glass ball, crystal, reflector, lantern. Berachoth 25ᵇ בע׳ covered with a translucent substance. the same place (ibid.) 53ᵃ ע׳ שהיתה דולקת וכ׳ a lantern which has been burning the whole day (of the Sabbath); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 6, 12ᵇ bottom of the page Rosh Hashanah 24ᵃ ראינוהו בע׳ we have seen the reflection of the moon in a crystal, see אֶשֶׁשׁ; and elsewhere—plural as ab. Shabbath 154ᵇ היתה בהמתו … וע׳ if his beast is laden with … glass lumps, explained the same place (ibid.) בבולסא, see בּוּלְסָא. ↗ original

עֲשָׁשִׁית ² , crystal, glass ball. Targum Song of Songs 5, 14.—Tanchuma Vaëra 14 (referring to מתלקחת, Exodus 9, 24) כהדין ע׳ דמיא וכ׳ (= קנדילא דע׳) like (the light in) the glass in which water and oil are mixed together, and the light burns within; Shemoth Rabbah section 12; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 11 להדא עֲשָׁאשִׁיתָא דקנדילא; Bamidbar Rabbah section 12 כהדא שָׁאשִׁיתָא וכ׳; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Vayhi, p. 3ᵇ שאשתא (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) שָׁשִׁיתָא). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 2, beginning 4ᶜ. ששיתא. ↗ original

עֲשַׁת (compare עשש) to make strong, harden, forge.—[Daniel 6, 4 עֲשִׁית firmly determined.] Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְעַשֵּׁת, Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְעֲשַׁת (denominative of תעשת = next word) to forge; in a transferred sense (compare חָרַשׁ) to plan, devise. Targum Isaiah 32, 6. the same place (ibid.) 33, 11. Targum Jeremiah 5, 26. Targum 2 Samuel 20, 15. ↗ original

עֶשֶׁת , see עֲשָׁשִׁית) wrought metal, bar; polished block. Kelim 11, 3, opposite to חֲרָרָה. Tosefta Chullin 1, 18; Tosefta Menachoth 9, 18 מנורה … אלא מן הע׳ the candlestick in the Temple is not fit unless made out of a (gold) bar, opposite גְּרוּטָאוֹת; Menachoth 28ᵃ מן הע׳ ומן הזהב out of a bar and out of gold; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 369 מן הע׳ מן הזהב. the same place (ibid.); Menachoth the passage cited חצוצרות מן הע׳ מן הכסף the trumpets were made out of silver bars; Tosefta the passage cited 19 [read:] אלא מן הע׳ מן הכסף, contradistinguished to גוש raw ore. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 5, 14 מה ע׳ שן זו עושין ממנה כמה יתדות וכ׳ (not זה) as out of a bar of shen (marble?) you make ever so many pegs, spears etc. Yalkut Shimoni Song of Songs 991 (referring to Song of Songs the passage cited) אלו ספרי תורה … לע׳ שן וכ׳ (some edition לעשות, correct accordingly) this refers to the scrolls of the Law which resemble a column of marble which is adorned with sapphires.—plural עַשְׁתּוֹת. Sifré Numbers 160 השליך עליו ע׳ וגולמים if he threw at him metal balls or lumps, opposite to כלי; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 787. ↗ original

עֶשְׁתּוֹנָא (the preceding words; Biblical Hebrew plural) forge; in a transferred sense plan, device.—plural עֶשְׁתּוֹנִין, עִישְׁ׳. Targum Isaiah 33, 11 (edition Lagarde edition עיש׳). the same place (ibid.) 41, 29 (edition Lagarde edition עיש׳; Hebrew text נסכ׳). the same place (ibid.) 55, 7 (edition Lagarde edition עיש׳); and frequently ↗ original

עַשְׁתּוֹר Bar ʿAshtor, the progenitor of a family of converts. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 1, 64ᵃ top אילין דבר ע׳ וכ׳ those of the family of B. A. who are converts, sons of converts. the same place (ibid.) קיימה בנימין בר ע׳ וכ׳ one Benjamin B. A. stood before us (was admitted as witness) in the case of etc.; the same place (ibid.) בר אשתור. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 6, 25ᵇ top of the page ↗ original

עַשְׁתְּרוֹת (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun Ashteroth Ḳarnayim, name of a glen whither the sun cannot penetrate. Sukkah 2ᵃ ↗ original

עֵת , see עוּד; or of ענת, see עוֹנָה I) [duration, turn,] ʿEth, the twenty-fourth part of an ʿonah. Tosefta Berachoth 1, 1; and elsewhere, see עוֹנָה I. time. Pesachim 109ᵃ; מימיו לא אמר הגיע עת לעמוד וכ׳ never in his life did he (R. ʿAḳiba) say, it is time to rise from (leave) the house of study, except etc.; Sukkah 28ᵃ. Berachoth 8ᵃ (referring to Psalms 69, 14) אימתי עת רצון בשעה וכ׳ when is the time of favor? When the congregation is at prayer. Taanith 24ᵇ שמע מינה עת רצון היא I learn from this (dream) that this is an auspicious time for prayer. Yevamoth 72ᵃ עת רצון מילתא היא there is something in the idea of a time of favor for prayer; and frequently—מֵעֵת לָעֵת (abbreviated or abbreviation מעל"ע) the time of twenty-four astronomical hours. Niddah 1, 1 מעל"ע ממעטת עליד מפקידה לפקידה וכ׳ the term of twenty-four hours (of retrospective uncleanness) reduces the term of the interval from one examination to the other etc., i.e. we go by the shorter term whichever it may be. Chullin 51ᵇ; Zevachim 74ᵇ צריכה מעל"ע requires the intervening of twenty-four hours (before it may be slaughtered); and frequently—plural עִתִּים, עִתּוֹת, עִי׳. Rosh Hashanah 28ᵃ ע׳ חלים ע׳ שוטה (Tosefta Terumoth 1, 3 פעמים), see חָלַם I. Tamid 1, 2 לא כל הע׳ שוות the time (for the appearance of the superintendent) was not always the same. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, end, 14ᵈ (referring to Psalms 119, 126) העושה תורתו ע׳ … מיפר ברית he who makes the study of the Law a matter of time, destroys the covenant. Shabbath 31ᵃ בשעה … נשאת ונתת באמונה קבעת ע׳ לתורה when man is brought up for judgment, he is asked, hast thou been dealing with integrity? hast thou had regular times for the study of the Law? Sanhedrin 65ᵇ ע׳ ושעות, see עוּן; and elsewhere—לְעִיתּוֹתֵי עֶרֶב at the evening appointments (when labor is stopped, the work reviewed, wages paid etc.), in gen. towards evening. Tosefta Avodah Zarah 7 (8), 10; Babylonian Berachoth 65ᵃ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᶜ top of the page Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 4, beginning 54ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 16, 15ᵈ top לציצותי, variant reading לציתותי (read: לציתותי ערב); and elsewhere ↗ original

עִתָּא , see עִיתָּא ↗ original

עָתָא , see עָאֲתָא ↗ original

עתאורותהון , (Levita עתאוד׳), Targum Job 3, 7, read: אתערות׳, see אַתְעָרוּתָא ↗ original

עָתַד (Biblical Hebrew) to endure, stand, be ready. Pi'el פִּעֵל עִתֵּד to make ready, designate.—participle passive מְעוּתָּד, plural מְעוּתָּדִים, מְעוּתָּדִין. Bamidbar Rabbah section 18 (referring to Job 15, 28) ולמי הן מע׳ וכ׳ and for whom were they (the treasures) designated? For those who were to emigrate (from Egypt) etc. Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 264; Mechilta Beshallach, ʿĂmal., section 1 (referring to נצב, Exodus 17, 9) מחר נהא מעו׳ ועומדים וכ׳ (not מעתד׳) to-morrow let us be ready (for battle), and stand on the top of the hill; נגזור תענית ונהא מעו׳ על מעשה אבות let us appoint a fast and be ready (for prayer and meditation) on the merits of the fathers. ↗ original

עֲתַד Pa'el פִּעֵל עַתֵּד = Hebrew = Hebrew הציב, to put up, place, fix. Targum Lamentations 3, 12. Targum Proverbs 9, 1 (Hebrew text חצבה!). the same place (ibid.) 15, 25. Targum Job 17, 6 (variant reading edition Lagarde edition עדת׳, some edition ערת׳; correct accordingly).—participle passive מְעַתַּד (= Biblical Hebrew נִצָּב, compare מְעוּמָּד frequently עָמַד). Targum Onkelos Genesis 28, 13 (Yerushalmi (prefix) מְעַמַּד). Targum Psalms 45, 10; and elsewhere to hold ready; to designate. the same place (ibid.) 50, 10. Targum Proverbs 24, 27 עַתְּדָהּ (some edition עַתִּידְיָהּ, correct accordingly).—participle passive מְעַתַּד; feminine מְעַתְּדָא. Targum Job 15, 23 (edition Lagarde edition מִיעַתַּד Ithpaal). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 32, 35; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 2, beginning 13ᵇ ע׳ ליה תכריכין held shrouds ready for him. Bereshith Rabbah section 45 עַתֵּיד לך וכ׳ Musafia (edition עביד), see פּוּרְבִּי. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, 35ᵃ top of the page אין אתא משיחא ואנא מְעַתַּד that I be ready, when the Messiah comes; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᵇ top; (Bereshith Rabbah section 100 איטימוס). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 5, 7ᵇ bottom of the page (explained שוזות) מְעַתְּדָן prepared (for copulation, see Babylonian Shabbath 53ᵇ bottom of the page); and elsewhere Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְעַתַּד, אִיעַתַּד to be ready, designated, see above. to endure, see עֲתַר. ↗ original

עַתָּה see עֵת) now, this time. Berachoth 46ᵃ מע׳ ועד עולם from now and forever. Tanchuma Mishpatim 18 וע׳ באתי and now I have come again; and frequently [In Talmud mostly עכשיו.]—As a dialectic term: מֵעַ׳ from now, i.e. as a consequence; if this were so, then.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 39ᵈ bottom of the page מע׳ חטין אל ימכור וכ׳ according to this he ought not to sell him wheat etc.; and frequently—Mostly: אֶלָּא מע׳. Sukkah 2ᵃ א׳ מ׳ העושה סוכתו וכ׳ but according to this, if a man put up his Succah in Ashteroth Karnayim (see עַשְׁתָּרוֹת), would you also say that it is no legitimate Succah? Bava Kamma 17ᵇ; and frequently—אֱמוֹר מע׳ say from now, i.e. learn from this, therefore. Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 5, 2. Sifré Deuteronomy 334; and frequently ↗ original

עַתּוּד [leader of the flock,] ram.—plural עַתּוּדִים. Bamidbar Rabbah section 13 ואין ע׳ אלא לשון עמידה ʿattudim has the meaning of standing (readiness). Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 41ᵈ top (referring to Proverbs 27, 26) הגדילו ונעשו כע׳ וכ׳ when the pupils have grown and become (strong) like rams, then reveal to them the secrets of the Law. Chullin 84ᵃ (referring to Proverbs the passage cited) לעולם … ויקח ע׳ וכ׳ at all times a man may sell a field and buy rams (flocks), but he should not sell flocks to buy a field; and elsewhere ↗ original

עָתִיד standing (compare עָמַד); ready, designated; in future. Megillah 15ᵇ; Sanhedrin 111ᵇ ע׳ הקב"ה להיות וכ׳ at a future time the Lord shall be a crown on the head of every righteous man. Shabbath 138ᵇ ע׳ תורה שתשתכח וכ׳ a time will come when the Law will be forgotten in Israel; and frequently—הֶעָ׳ לָבֹא (or הֶעָ׳) the future. Kethuboth 87ᵃ משביעין אותה על הע׳ לבא we administer an oath to her in regard to her conduct in the future, opposite על שעבר; and frequently—Esp. לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא (abbreviated or abbreviation לע"ל) in the Messianic future; in the hereafter (see עוֹלָם). Avodah Zarah 3ᵇ לע"ל באין אומות וכ׳ in the Messianic days the nations of the world will come and ask to be converted. the same place (ibid.) אין גהינם לע"ל there is no Gehenna (hell) in the hereafter, but the Lord leads the sun forth etc. Avoth 2, 16 ודע שמתן … לע"ל but remember that the reward of the righteous is reserved for the hereafter; and frequently—plural עֲתִידִים, עֲתִידִין; עֲתִידוֹת. Berachoth 43ᵇ ע׳ בחורי ישראל וכ׳ the time will come when the youths of Israel shall give forth a flavor etc. Shabbath 152ᵇ ע׳ צדיקים דהוו עפרא (even) the righteous are destined to turn to dust. Yevamoth 63ᵃ ע׳ כל בעלי … שיעמדו וכ׳ time will be when all tradesmen will turn to agriculture; and frequently—[Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 7, 12 עתידין, see עֲכִירִים.] ↗ original

עֲתִיד , ready, destined; future. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 32, 35. Targum Habakkuk 2, 1 קאים ע׳ (Hebrew text נצב). Targum Song of Songs 8, 5; and frequently—Taanith 10ᵃ עתידה בבל דחצדא וכ׳ Munich manuscript a time will come when Babylonia etc., see חֲצַד I.—plural עֲתִידִין, עֲתִידֵי; עֲתִידָן. Targum Song of Songs the passage cited; and elsewhere—Taanith 25ᵃ חזאי בחלמא ע׳ צדיקי וכ׳ (different interpretation or differently interpreted version in Munich manuscript) I saw in a dream that the righteous are destined to eat at a golden table. Shabbath 152ᵇ ע׳ צדיקי דהוו עפרא, see the preceding; and elsewhere ↗ original

עַתִּיק (Biblical Hebrew; old, ancient. Yalkut Shimoni Chronicles 1074 (referring to I Chronicles 4, 22) הדברים הללו מעַתִּיקוֹ של עולם these words come from the Ancient One of the world (see next word); see עָתַק I Hif'il—[ (עָתַק 1) remote.—plural עַתִּיקִים. the same place (ibid.) (anoth. explanation of I Chronicles the passage cited) הדברים האלו סתומין כאן וכ׳ (not אמורין) these words are obscure here, but explained elsewhere; Ruth Rabbah to 1, 1 (section 2).] ↗ original

עַתִּיק ² (the preceding) enduring, strong, old. Targum Numbers 6, 3. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 13, 11 (Yerushalmi (prefix) עתיקותא, read: עַתִּיקְתָּא); and frequently—Pesachim 119ᵃ (referring to ולמכסה עתיק, Isaiah 23, 18) דברים שכיסה ע׳ יומין the things which the Ancient of days (Daniel 7, 22) has hidden. Bava Bathra 91ᵇ (referring to I Chronicles 4, 22, see the preceding) דברים הללו ע׳ יומיא אמרן the Ancient of days has said these things; Yalkut Shimoni Ruth 600. Bava Kamma 96ᵇ גזלנא ע׳ an inveterate robber. Pesachim 42ᵇ (explained יין ישן) ע׳ עַתִּיקֵי very old wine. Yoma 29ᵃ מיגמר בע׳ וכ׳, see גְּמַר 2; and elsewhere—[Bava Bathra 91ᵇ bottom of the page, see עוּתְקָא.]—plural עַתִּיקִין, עַתִּיקַיָּא, עַתִּיקֵי. Targum I Kings 8, 2 (Hebrew text האתנים).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 2, beginning 46ᶜ תקלין ע׳ old Shekels. Pesachim the passage cited, see above; and elsewhere ↗ original

עַתִּיקָא 2 [support?] a kind of peristyle.—plural עַתִּיקַיָּא. Targum Ezekiel 41, 16. ↗ original

עַתִּיקוּתָא , see עַתִּיק Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original

עַתִּיר (עֲתַר) = Hebrew עָשִׁיר. Targum 2 Samuel 12, 1, and the following; and frequently—Bava Bathra 145ᵇ, see כְּמָס. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 7, 37ᵈ [אית] ע׳ גו שוקא ומסכן גו ביתא ע׳ וכ׳ a man may appear rich in the street and be poor at home, be rich at home and appear poor in the street. Shabbath 113ᵇ; Bava Bathra 85ᵃ ע׳ משבור וכ׳ richer than king Shabur; and frequently—plural עַתִּירִין, עַתִּירַיָּא, עַתִּירֵי. Targum Zechariah 11, 16. Targum Psalms 45, 13; and frequently—Gittin 56ᵃ הוו בה הנהו תלתא ע׳ there (in Jerusalem) were these three men. Betzah 32ᵇ ע׳ בבל יורדי וכ׳ the rich in Babylonia are bound to go down to Gehenna; and frequently—Fem. עַתִּירָא, עַתִּירָה, עַתִּירְתָּא. Targum 2 Esther 1, 16.—Gittin the passage cited מרתא … ע׳ דירושלם הויא Martha … was the richest woman of Jerusalem. Taanith 10ᵃ עתירה בבל, see חֲצַד I; and elsewhere ↗ original

עֲתִירָה 1 (עתר = חָתַר, to dig) opening made by digging, breach. Ruth Rabbah to 2, 14, see חֲתִירָה. ↗ original

עֲתִירָה 2 (עָתַר to dig, stir; in a transferred sense to entreat, beseech; compare פָּגַע, פָּצַר) entreaty, being entreated, use of the root עתר. Pesikta Rabbati section 11 (referring to Genesis 25, 21; a. 2 Samuel 21, 14) מה ע׳ שנאמר להלן תאומים אף ע׳ וכ׳ as ‘being entreated’ there refers to the grant of twins, so it does here etc. (double fertility). Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 4ᵈ bottom of the page שמע עֲתִירָתֵינוּ hear our prayer; and elsewhere ↗ original

עַתִּירָה , see עַתִּיר ↗ original

עַתִּירוּתָא (עַתִּיר) being wealthy. Shabbath 140ᵇ בעַתִּירוּתִי when I was rich, opposite בעניותי. ↗ original

עֲתִירְתָּא feminine = Hebrew עֲתִירָה I. Bereshith Rabbah section 63; Vayikra Rabbah section 30, see חֲתִירְתָּא; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 28ᶜ bottom of the page עֲתַרְתָּה. ↗ original

עֲתִירְתָּא ² , see עַתִּיר ↗ original

עָתַק 1 (Biblical Hebrew) to move. Bereshith Rabbah section 52, beginning (explained יעתק, Job 14, 18) פנה ממקומו he (Abraham) moved from where he was; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 87; Yalkut Shimoni Job 906. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶעְתִּיק to remove, transfer. Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 77ᶜ top (referring to Psalms 31, 19 הדוברות … עתק) הדוברות על צדיקי של עולם דברים שה׳ מבריותיו who speak concerning the Righteous One of the world words which he has withheld from his creatures (esoteric philosophy); Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 715; Bereshith Rabbah section 1 שה׳ בבריותיו (correct accordingly, see ‘Rashi’ ad loc. (on the passage)). Ruth Rabbah to 1, 1 (referring to I Chronicles 4, 22) דברים הללו נאמרו ממַעְתִּיקוֹ של עולם וכ׳ these words were spoken by Him who moves the world (by referring to ויעתק, Genesis 12, 8); (Yalkut Shimoni Chronicles 1074 דברים הללו מעתיקו, see עַתִּיק). Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 961 (referring to העתיקו, Proverbs 25, 1) העתיקו מלמד שגנוזים היו ‘hʿetiḳu’ (they removed), this shows that they were suppressed (see גָּנַז). the same place (ibid.) דבר אחר אין העתיקו אלא פירשו וכ׳ another interpretation is, hʿetiḳu means ‘they set aside’ (referring to Genesis 12, 8), i.e. translated, interpreted (see פָּרַשׁ, a. compare the later use of העתיק to edit, to translate); Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) I, 2ⁿᵈ Vers. (edition Schechter, p. 3) אין העתיקו אלא שפרשו; the same place (ibid.) 1ˢᵗ Vers. לא שהמתינו אלא שפירשו, see next word Hof. הֻפְעַל הוּעְתַּק to be removed. Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 8 (in enigmatic speech) ואני הוּעְתַּקְתִּי לכאן להחיש מחיה and I have come here to accelerate the growth (of hair). Nif'al נִפְעַל נֶעְתַּק, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְעַתֵּק to be removed, transferred. Esther Rabbah to 1, 1 הנֶעְתָּקִין, see קִינְסִין. Yalkut Shimoni Chronicles 1076 (referring to I Chronicles the passage cited) אפי׳ … שנִתְעַתְּקוּ מהם החזירם even things which had been removed from them (esoteric thoughts) did he bring back; Ruth Rabbah the passage cited (not שנתעסקו). ↗ original

Jastrow — ע (1519)