יYod, the tenth letter of the Alphabet. It interchanges with ו, e.g. יָדַע a. וַדַּאי; with א as יבד a. אבד; with ה, see letter ה.—י is frequently a mater lectionis for ē, ĕ, and ī, ĭ, e.g. לֵילֵךְ, לֵישֵׁב (for Biblical Hebrew לָלֶכֶת, לָשֶׁבֶת); הֶיסֵּב = הֶסֵּיב, דִּיבּוּר = דִּבּוּר.—יי is frequently used to indicate the consonantal value of י, as הִתְיָירֵא = הִתְיָרֵא. ↗ original
יְאוֹר see אֲרִיתָא) channel, river, especially the Nile. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 4 (referring to מיער with suspended ע, Psalms 80, 14) אם זכיתם מן הי׳ … מן היער if you will do good, the enemy attacking you will be (powerless like an animal) coming from the river, if not, he will be like a beast of the forest; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms the passage cited; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 830; Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 34 כחזיר של י׳ like a water swine (pork-fish, silurus). Shemoth Rabbah section 1. Shemoth Rabbah section 9 המים ששמרוך … לי׳ וכ׳ the waters which saved thee (Moses) when thou wast thrown into the Nile, must not be smitten through thee; and frequently ↗ original
יְאוֹרָא , channel, dyke.—plural יְאוֹרֵי. Bava Metzia 103ᵇ אריסא בי י׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) ביה), see אַוְורָא. ↗ original
יֵאוּשׁ (יָאַשׁ) despairing of recovering a lost object, resignation. Bava Kamma 66ᵃ י׳ אינו קונה the owner’s resignation gives the robber no right of possession (and he must restore the object itself, not its equivalent). the same place (ibid.)ᵇ ואי ס"ד י׳ קנה וכ׳ and if we should assume that resignation gives a right of possession, how could the robber say, Here is thy property before thee (since in the meantime it has become valueless)?—Bava Metzia 21ᵇ top י׳ שלא מדעת unconscious resignation, i.e. a thing which, if missed, is usually given up, but which has as yet not been missed. the same place (ibid.) הוי י׳ is considered as given up. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 4, end, 4ᶜ י׳ טעות a resignation under a false presumption; and frequently ↗ original
יָאוּת (יאי) propriety; adverb, (compare טַבָּאוּת) right; properly; it is right. Targum Psalms 127, 2 על י׳ in propriety (honestly). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 22, 10 כפוס … י׳ tie me well. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 13, 15 (Yerushalmi (prefix) טבאות, Hebrew text היטב); and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 1, 76ᵈ top וי׳ הרי וכ׳ and it is right so; for there is the case etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 2, 17ᵃ וי׳ היא (correct accordingly). Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 1, 21ᶜ bottom of the page י׳ הוא מקשי he asks a proper question; and frequently ↗ original
יָאֵיfitting, right, nice. Targum I Chronicles 11, 11; Targum 2 Samuel 23, 8; and frequently—Menachoth 53ᵃ; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 166 י׳ it is good; י׳ וי׳ (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim to Menachoth the passage cited note 40) so much the better. Tamid 32ᵃ בימא י׳ למידר וכ׳ is it better to dwell on the water or on land?—the same place (ibid.) לא י׳ למלכא כזב falsehood would not become a king. Bava Bathra 111ᵃ הוא י׳ וגולתיה יָאיָא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition וג׳ יאי) he looks nobly and so does his cloak; and elsewhere—plural יָאִין, יַאֲוָן, יַאֲוָון, יָאָן. Targum Song of Songs 3, 7. the same place (ibid.) 4, 1 and the following Targum 2 Samuel 15, 3; and frequently—Fem. יָאיָא, יָאיָה; יָאָה, יָאֲתָא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 12, 1. Targum Genesis 29, 17 (edition Berlin edition יָאַיָה; Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 יָיָא). Targum Jeremiah 6, 2 יאתא (edition Lagarde edition יָאִיתָא; Hebrew text נוה). Targum Proverbs 13, 19 (Hebrew text נהיה); and frequently—Bava Bathra 111ᵃ, see above.—plural יָאֲיָן, יָאיָין, יָאָתָא. Targum Onkelos Genesis 29, 17 (edition Berlin edition יָאַיָן). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 31, 50; and elsewhere— ↗ original
יָאֲיוּתָא (the preceding) beauty, grace. Targum Proverbs 1, 9 edition Lagarde edition (other edition יֵאוּתָא). the same place (ibid.) 4, 9. Targum Job 8, 6 יַאיַת construct state edition Lagarde edition (other edition יָּאֲיַית; Hebrew text נְוַת).—Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Baḥod. p. 109ᵃ (referring to אׄנׄכׄי, Exodus 20, 2) אׄנא נׄהורך כׄלילך יֵ֗אוּתָךְ I am thy light, thy crown, thy grace; Pesikta Rabbati section 21 יונתי (correct accordingly) ↗ original
יָאִיר (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Jair, son of Manasseh. Bava Bathra 121ᵇ. Bamidbar Rabbah section 14; and elsewhere J. the Gileadite. Bava Bathra 113ᵃ.—Denom. יָאִירִי, Chaldaic (Aramaic) יָאִירָאָה masculine Jairite. Targum 2 Samuel 20, 26 (missing in edition Lagarde edition).—Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 2ᵇ; Eruvin 63ᵃ; and elsewhere ↗ original
יאנא , Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 4, 66ᵇ top את חמי מפייס י׳, read: אתחמי מפייסי ואנא וכ׳ act as if you did appease me, and I will allow him to get up.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 3, beginning 28ᶜ וי׳, read: כל הן דאנא משכח לה וי"ו אנא וכ׳ wherever I shall find it (zeruëha) with a Vav, I shall erase it; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 9, 12ᵃ top (correct accordingly), see זֵרוּעַ. ↗ original
יָאסְיָןYasyan. Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 11 R. José b. Yerushalmi (prefix); Avodah Zarah 42ᵃ; Betzah 8ᵇ יאסיין Munich manuscript (edition יאסיניא׳ see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note); Menachoth 6ᵇ (Manuscript Karlsruhe a. R. 2 אסיין); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 15; (Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 4, 54ᶜ bottom of the page יוסי בר אשיאן). ↗ original
יָאַשׁ [to exist, be strong.] Pi'el פִּעֵל יֵאֵשׁ (privat., compare דִּשֵּׁן) to consider undone, to give up; see יֵאוּשׁ. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְיָאֵשׁ, הִתְיָי׳ ; Nithpa. נִתְיָאֵשׁ, נִתְיָי׳to lose energy, relax. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, end, 14ᵈ שנִתְיָאֲשׁוּ ידיהם וכ׳ whose hands have grown lax concerning the Law (who do not care to uphold the Law; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 119, 126 רפו ידיהם). (with מן) to give up hope, to discard from the mind. Avoth 1, 7 אל תִּתְיָאֵשׁ וכ׳ do not give up the idea of divine retribution (when you see sinners prosper).—Esp. (of lost things) to despair of recovery, to resign possession (by which the finder acquires the right of keeping what he has found, and the robber obtains possession of the stolen object and must make restoration in value). Bava Kamma 68ᵇ, and elsewhere גזל ולא נִתְיָיאֲשׁוּ הבעלים if one has robbed, and the owner has not yet given the hope of recovery. Bava Metzia 21ᵇ מפני שהבעלים מִתְיָאֲשִׁין מהן because the owners (who dropped the coins) have given them up; and very frequently ↗ original
יְאַשׁ , Pa. יָאֵשׁ Chaldaic (Aramaic) same, to relax. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 2, 20 ליָאָשָׁא ית לבי על וכ׳ to relax my mind concerning (to give up thinking of) the trouble etc. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְיָאֵשׁto become careless. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 29, 18. contracted אִיָּיאֵשׁ, אִיָּאֵשׁ, Ithpeel (אִיאוֹשׁ) אִיאֵשׁto resign possession, give up. Bava Kamma 68ᵇ ודילמא לא איי׳ but may it not be that he has not resigned? the same place (ibid.) שמעיניה דאיאוש they heard him say that he gave it up; Bava Metzia 21ᵇ דמֵיאַשׁ (Manuscript Florence דאיאש). the same place (ibid.) מִיָּאֲשֵׁי (Manuscript Florence a. R. מִיָּי׳) they give it up. the same place (ibid.) אִיאוּשֵׁי מֵיאוּשׁ (better: יָאוּשֵׁי מִיָּיאֲשֵׁי, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 8). the same place (ibid.) 22ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original
יֹאשִׁיָּה (Biblical Hebrew) Josiah, King of Judah. Moed Katan 25ᵇ (referring to Amos 8, 9) זה יומו של י׳ that is the day when J. was killed. the same place (ibid.) 28ᵇ כמספד די׳ וכ׳ like the lamentation over J. etc.; Megillah 3ᵃ; and frequently R. J. a Tannai. Menachoth 57ᵇ. Sanhedrin 66ᵃ (see Friedman Darkhé, p. 146, and the following). R. J. name of two Amoraim (see Friedman M’bo, p. 90ᵇ and the following). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 9, 39ᵃ top of the page Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 3, 21ᵈ; and frequently—Kiddushin 36ᵇ, see דָּרָא I. ↗ original
יֵבָא (= יְהֵא בָא) י׳ כ־ (= Chaldaic (Aramaic) אתיא כ־, see אֲתָא) it agrees with, corresponds to. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, 6ᵇ top י׳ כיי דמר ר׳ וכ׳ it agrees with what R. Z. said. the same place (ibid.) 16, 15ᶜ bottom of the page יי׳ וכ׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 6, 23ᶜ top יי׳ כי וכ׳ (read כיי). Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 1, 27ᵇ top [read:] יי׳ כהדא דתני כ׳ זכריה; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 3ᵃ top יֵיבָה כיי דר׳ זעירא edition Lehm. (other edition יְהֵא בָא כיי דמר וכ׳, edition Krot. יהא בה).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 2, end, 3ᵃ יי׳ בתפלוגתה וכ׳ it enters into (depends upon) the difference of opinions between etc.; the same place (ibid.) 4, 4ᵇ top יי׳ כפלוגתא (read: בפ׳). ↗ original
יָבַב (Biblical Hebrew) [to break forth, compare רעע.] Pi'el פִּעֵל יִבֵּבto speak in a trembling voice, to lament. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 16, 15ᵈ מְיַבַּבְתּוֹ בין המתים calling his name, in lamentation, among those of deceased persons; (Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 14, 7 מַזְכַּרְתּוֹ). ↗ original
יְבַב ; Pa. יַבֵּב (= Hebrew רוע) to sound an alarm. Targum Numbers 10, 7; 9; and frequently— (= Hebrew רעע) to dash waves against one another. Targum Job 34, 24 מְיַבֵּב manuscript variant reading (edition יתבר; Hebrew text יָרֹעַ). Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְיַבֵּב (= Hebrew התרועע) to shout. Targum Psalms 65, 14. the same place (ibid.) 108, 10. ↗ original
יבבא , Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 15, 19 some edition, read: יָתָבָא, see יְתַב. ↗ original
יַבָּבָא (preceding article) sounding an alarm, alarm. Targum Numbers 29, 1, quoted Rosh Hashanah 33ᵇ. Targum Onkelos Numbers 10, 5 and the following יַבַּבְתָּא edition Berlin edition (other edition יבבא, Yerushalmi (prefix) edition יַבֶּבְתָּא). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 10 יַבָּבוּ׳; and frequently ↗ original
יַבָּבָה , especially trembling, disconnected note (staccato).—plural יַבָּבוֹת. Rosh Hashanah 4, 9 the value of a T’ruahכשלש י׳ (תרועה) is equal to three disconnected short notes. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 32; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 102. ↗ original
יַבְחוּשׁ (see בָּחַשׁ) a sort of gnat, a (red) insect found in liquids. Tosefta Yadayim (T’bul Yom) 2, 3 י׳ שבריתו וכ׳ a yabḥush which originates in the water.—plural יַבְחוּשִׁים, יַבְחוּשִׁין. Tosefta Terumoth 7, 11; Chullin 67ᵃ. Niddah 3, 2 כמין י׳ אדומים looking like a mass of red insects; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4, 2. Zevachim 22ᵃ ↗ original
יָבַל 1 (Biblical Hebrew) [to break through, come forth, run, flow.—5. יְבוּל, יִבְלָא etc.] Hif'il הִפְעִיל הוֹבִילto lead; to carry, bring. Sifré Deuteronomy 43 (referring to יבולה, Deuteronomy 11, 17) אף לא מה שאתה מוֹבִיל לה not even as much as thou carriest to it (as seed); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 869. Rosh Hashanah 9ᵇ, see דּוּר Chaldaic (Aramaic)—participle pass. מוּבָלone carried, unable to move, feetless etc. Tohoroth 7, 5 אפי׳ מ׳ אפי׳ כפות even if he is unable to move, even if he is tied; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 8, 7 והלה מוּוָל או כפות edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (edition ממלאו, read: מוול או); Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, end, 78ᶜ אפי׳ מאכל ואפי׳ כסות (correct accordingly). [For הוֹבִילto study, see בִּיל Hebrew] ↗ original
יְבַל , Af'el אוֹבִיל, אֵיבֵיל (הֵיבֵל), אַיְיבֵל Chaldaic (Aramaic) same. Targum Psalms 66, 6. Targum Isaiah 10, 32 (see below); and frequently—Eruvin 27ᵇ, and elsewhere מוֹבִילְנָא מאניה וכ׳ I will carry his clothes after him to the bath-house. Sanhedrin 95ᵃ (referring to ינפף, Isaiah the passage cited) מוֹבִיל ומייתי וכ׳ moving his hand to and back (= Hebrew מוליך ומביא, see בּוֹא); and frequently—[Ezra 5, 14; 6, 5.]—Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 4, 75ᵇ bottom of the page כד דאינן תרתייתי מֵיבֵל וכ׳ when two scrolls are used, he carries one away and brings another in; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 7, end, 22ᵃ תרתיי תו מַיְיבֵל (correct accordingly); Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 8, 44ᵇ top מייכל (correct accordingly). Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah the passage cited מַיְיבְלִין, see אוֹרָיָיא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 3, 66ᵈ bottom of the page הוה מַיְיבְלָהּ וכ׳ (not מייבללה) brought it thither.—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, 43ᵃ נייבל, see בִּיל Chaldaic (Aramaic) Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִיתּוֹבִילto be carried. Targum Isaiah 39, 6. ↗ original
יָבַל 2Pi. יִיבֵּל (denominative of יַבֶּלֶת) to cut off dry twigs, warts etc., to trim. Shevi'ith 2, 2 מְיַבְּלִין מפרקין (Munich manuscript a. Yerushalmi (prefix) edition מְזַבְּלִין, incorr.); explained Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 33ᵈ top, see יַבֶּלֶת. ↗ original
*יִבְלָא 2 (נבל) withered piece.—plural construct state יִבְלֵי. Targum Isaiah 44, 19, see בְּלֵי 2. ↗ original
יַבְלָא (see the preceding, a. יַבֶּלֶת) a species of grass, Cynodon (Agrostis, see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word, a. Löw Low, Aramaische Pflanzennamen, Leipzig 1881 p. 183). Gittin 68ᵇ bottom of the page Avodah Zarah 28ᵃ bottom of the page, see גִּירְדָּא I.—plural יַבְלֵי. Sotah 10ᵃ (quoted Rashi to Avodah Zarah the passage cited, edition דובלא, read: דְּיַ׳); Bamidbar Rabbah section 9 (singular), see גִּירְדָּא I. Chullin 105ᵇ כרך ריפתא אַיַּ׳ (not ליפתא) ate his meal so that the crumbs fell among the yablé. the same place (ibid.) עקרינהו לְיַ׳ וכ׳ he tore the plants out and cast them etc.—Yoma 78ᵃ בִּדְיַ׳ in shoes made of yablé [Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) בדיקולי, see דִּיקוּלָא). ↗ original
יַבְלִית (see יַבְלָא) a pulp made of Cynodon leaves and used for lining large water vessels. Kelim 3, 6 (edition Dehr. יְבָלִית); Tosefta Kelim Bava Kamma 3, 2 יַבְלוּת (see Löw Low, Aramaische Pflanzennamen, Leipzig 1881 p. 186). ↗ original
יַבְּלָן (see next word) one afflicted with warts. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 22, 22 (edition Berlin edition יַבְלָן). ↗ original
יַבֶּלֶתwithered excrescence;wart on the skin. Eruvin 10, 13 (103ᵃ) חותכין י׳ וכ׳ (Rashi in edition Soncino יַבּוֹלֶת, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) you may cut off (on the Sabbath) a wart of an animal in the Temple. the same place (ibid.); Pesachim 6, 1 חתיכת יַבַּלְתּוֹ the cutting of its (the sacrifice’s) warts; the same place (ibid.) 68ᵇ (י׳) לחה a moist wart, יבשה whose neck is dried up; and elsewhere—plural יַבָּלוֹת. Nega'im 6, 7; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 12 יובלת (correct accordingly); Sifra Thazr., Nega'im, Parah 1, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 2 יַבּוֹלוֹת, distinguished frequently דלדולים or תלתלים, see דִּלְדּוּל. parasitic excrescences on trees, or withered twigs. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 2, 33ᵈ top (explained מיבלין, not מזבלין, Mishnah) מעבירין את היַבּוֹלֶת to remove excrescences; see יָבַל 2. ↗ original
יָבָם (Biblical Hebrew) husband’s brother, brother-in-law who in the case of his brother dying without issue enters his estate and marries his wife (Deuteronomy 25, 5, and the following). Vayikra Rabbah section 20; Zevachim 102ᵃ יְבָמָהּ מלך her brother-in-law (Moses) was a ruler.—Yevamoth 4, 3, and frequently שומרת י׳ a widow waiting for the yabam to marry or reject her. the same place (ibid.) 3, 9 שעליה זיקת י׳ אחד who is tied to one yabam, see זָקַק; and frequently—plural יְבָמִין. the same place (ibid.) שעליה זיקת שני י׳ who is tied to two yabamim (one yabam having died after having engaged to marry her, the surviving brother combines in his person the original duty of the yabam to his first deceased brother, and the subsequent duty falling upon him on his second brother’s death). the same place (ibid.) 9, 1 אסורות לִיבָמֵיהֶן are forbidden in marriage to their brothers-in-law. the same place (ibid.) 52ᵃ שטר כתובת י׳ the deed of marriage for yabamim. the same place (ibid.) 52ᵇ התקדשי לו במאמר י׳ be betrothed unto me by dint of the promise arranged for yabamin; see מַאֲמַר. Bava Bathra 119ᵇ פרשת י׳ the chapter relating to the duties of the yabam and y’bamah; and frequently—Denom. ↗ original
יִבֵּם (Biblical Hebrew) to marry the wife of a brother who died without issue. Yevamoth 2, 1 ואח"כ י׳ וכ׳ and afterwards the second brother married etc. the same place (ibid.) 6 ואחד מְיַבֵּם and one of the brothers may marry her. the same place (ibid.) 4, 5 או חלוץ או יַבֵּם either discharge (see חָלַץ) or marry (her). the same place (ibid.) מצוה בגדול ליַבֵּם on the eldest brother the duty devolves (in the first order) to marry the deceased’s widow. the same place (ibid.) 2, 7 לא יְיַבְּמוּ וכ׳ the other brothers must not both marry, but one discharges one, and the other etc.; and frequently Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְיַבְּמָה, , Nithpa. נִתְיַיבְּמָהto be married by the yabam. the same place (ibid.) 1, 2 חולצת ולא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת she must take off the yabam’s shoe, but cannot be married to him. the same place (ibid.) 4 נִתְיַיבְּמוּ if they have been married etc. the same place (ibid.) 20ᵇ לא תִתְיַיבַּמְנָה ought not to be etc. Bamidbar Rabbah section 21 ואם לאו תִּתְיַיבֵּם אמנו and if daughters are not considered as legal heirs, let our mother be taken in marriage by the yabam; and frequently ↗ original
יַבֵּם Targum Genesis 38, 8. Targum Deuteronomy 25, 7; and elsewhere—Yevamoth 39ᵇ אי בעית יַיבֵּם if thou so desirest, marry her. the same place (ibid.) אי צבית ליַבֵּם יַבֵּם if thou consentest to marry, marry. the same place (ibid.) 40ᵃ יַבּוּמֵי מְיַיבְּמֵי they must marry etc.—the same place (ibid.) 31ᵇ ונְיַיבֵּם לחדא וכ׳ let him marry one and etc.; and elsewhere Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְיַיבֵּם , contracted אִיַּיבֵּם as the precedingHithpa. the same place (ibid.) 30ᵇ לִיַּיבּוּמֵי (= לְאִיַּי׳) to be taken in marriage by the yabam. the same place (ibid.) 32ᵃ תִּתְיַיבֵּם יַבּוּמֵי let her be taken etc.; and elsewhere ↗ original
יָבָם ² Chaldaic (Aramaic) = Hebrew יָבָם. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 27, 4 נטרא י׳ (= Hebrew שומרת יבם), see יָבָם Hebrew—Targum Deuteronomy 25, 5. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 9 (יְבִימָה) יְבִימָא; and elsewhere ↗ original
יְבָמָה see יָבָם) sister-in-law, especially y’bamah,the widow of a brother who died without issue. Yevamoth 4, 10 הי׳ לא וכ׳ a widow must be neither discharged nor married before three months after her husband’s death. the same place (ibid.) 1 החולץ לִיבֶמְתּוֹ he who discharges his sister-in-law. the same place (ibid.) 2 הכונס את יבמתו he who marries etc.; and frequently—plural יְבָמוֹת. the same place (ibid.) 5, 3; 5; and frequently—Y’bamoth (the legal relations between Yabam and Y’bamah), name of a treatise of Mishnah, Tosefta, Talmud Babli and Y’rushalmi, of the Order of Nashim. ↗ original
יַבָּמוּת (the preceding words) the marriage of the yabam. Yevamoth 52ᵇ קידשה לשום י׳ if he betrothed her with the intention of complying with the law concerning the yabam, see אִישׁוּת. ↗ original
יְבַמְתָּא Chaldaic (Aramaic) = Hebrew יְבָמָה. Targum Ruth 1, 15.—Targum Deuteronomy 25, 7; and elsewhere ↗ original
יַבְנֶה (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a place Jabneh, Jamnia, north of west of Jerusalem, seat of the Sanhedrin after the destruction of Jerusalem. Rosh Hashanah 31ᵃ, and the following Gittin 56ᵇ תן לי י׳ וכ׳ give me (promise to spare) J. and her scholars; Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 4.—Kethuboth 4, 6, and frequently בכרם בי׳ in the college of R. Johanan b. Zackai in J., see כֶּרֶם. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 7, end, 22ᵃ.—Tosefta Demai 1, 13 אוצר י׳ וכ׳ the store of provision in J., inside of the fortification. the same place (ibid.) 14; Tosefta Makhshirin 3, 15; Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 3, 23ᶜ bottom of the page; see נָזָה. ↗ original
יַבְרוּחַmandragora, mandrake (see Löw Low, Aramaische Pflanzennamen, Leipzig 1881, p. 188).—plural יַבְרוּחִין. Bereshith Rabbah section 72 (explained דודאים, Genesis 30, 14). ↗ original
יַבְרוּחָא Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᵇ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 10, 26ᶜ וההן דקרא על י׳ וכ׳ to read a Bible verse over mandrake is forbidden (as a superstitious practice).—plural יַבְרוּחִין, יַבְרוּחֵי. Targum Genesis 30, 14, and the following—Sanhedrin 99ᵇ ↗ original
יָבֵשׁ 1parched, dry, withered, opposite לח moist, green. Demai 2, 3 לח וי׳ fresh or dried fruits. the same place (ibid.) 5 בי׳ שלשת קבין wholesale dealing in dried fruits means three Kab. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, end, 23ᵃ נתנו שיעור לי׳ for dried fruit they make quantity the standard; and frequently—plural יְבֵשִׁים, יְבֵשִׁין; יְבֵי׳. Shabbath 4, 1. Pesachim 2, 6; and frequently—Fem. יְבֵשָׁה, יְבֵי׳. ʿUktsin 1, 2; and frequently—Tosefta Terumoth 7, 16 נעשית י׳ the date became dry (so as to be called יְבֵּישָׁה).—plural יְבֵשׁוֹת, יְבֵי׳. T’bul Yom 3, 6 תמרים י׳, opposite רטובות; and frequently ↗ original
יָבֵשׁ 2the preceding) to be dry, to wither. Betzah 26ᵇ מוקצה שי׳ stored fruits (see מוקצה) which were dry (on Friday), though the owner did not find it out until the Sabbath day; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, beginning 60ᵃ Pi'el פִּעֵל יִיבֵּשׁto dry up. Bereshith Rabbah section 33 עתיד … וליַיבֵּשׁ וכ׳ in the future a righteous man (Elijah) will come and lay the world dry (through want of rain). ↗ original
יְבֵשׁ Targum Onkelos Genesis 8, 14 יְבֵישַׁת edition Berlin edition (other edition יַבִּישַׁת).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 3, 66ᵈ יַבְשַׁת ידיה his hand withered. Gittin 69ᵇ כי היכי דיביש הדא ידא וכ׳ (read דיְבִישַׁת) as this hand (of the dead man) is withered, so may the milt of … dry (shrink to its normal size); and elsewhere Pa'el פִּעֵל יַבֵּשׁ, יַי׳to dry. Targum Joshua 2, 10.—Targum Proverbs 17, 22; and elsewhere—Gittin the passage cited ונְיַיבְּשִׁינְהוּ בטולא and let him dry them (the leeches) in the shade; and elsewhere Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְיַבֵּשׁ, אִיַּיבֵּשׁto be dried up, withered. Targum Psalms 102, 5 manuscript (missing in edition). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 8, 14; and elsewhere—Targum Job 38, 11 manuscript (edition תשוי).—Gittin the passage cited נִיַּיבֵּשׁ ההיא טוחלא, see above. ↗ original
יַבָּשָׁהthe preceding words) dry land, shore. Gittin 56ᵇ עלה לַיַּ׳ he went ashore. Yevamoth 121ᵃ וכשעליתי בי׳ and when I landed. Berachoth 61ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original
יְגוּדְיָאY’gudya, near Ascalon. Tosefta Oholoth 18, 15 edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (Rabbenu Shimshon to Oholoth 18, 9 יְגוֹר). ↗ original
יָגוֹןpain, grief. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 147, end.—Tanchuma Sh’mini 11 כי היין … והי׳ בא בלבו for when the wine leaves his body, grief enters his (the drunkard’s) heart; and frequently ↗ original
יְגִיעַpainstaking, labor. Berachoth 8ᵃ הנהנה מִיגִיעוֹ he who enjoys the fruits of his own labor. Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 3 כמה צער וכמה י׳ וכ׳ how much trouble and how much weariness does he experience. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 2 וכל יְגִיעָן וכ׳ and all their toil is in vain; and frequently ↗ original
יְגִיעָה (Biblical Hebrew) same. Bereshith Rabbah section 10, end; the same place (ibid.) section 3, and elsewhere לא בעמל ולא בי׳ וכ׳ (some edition ביָגָע) not with trouble and wearisome labor did the Lord create etc.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 28ᵃ top לי׳; Koheleth Rabbah to 12, 12 לִיגִיעַת בשר for painful study, see הִגָּיוֹן. Taanith 16ᵃ ויש לו י׳ בשדה has his labor invested in the field.—Vayikra Rabbah section 19; Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) V לא שכר י׳ וכ׳ does not the Lord reward the work of studying?; and frequently—plural יְגִיעוֹת. Berachoth 58ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 9, 13ᶜ top כמה י׳ יגע וכ׳ how many labors did Adam have to go through etc.; (Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 7 (6), 2 כמה יגע). Vayikra Rabbah section 28, beginning כמה י׳ הוא יגע; and frequently ↗ original
יג"ל , Yagel, a mnemotechnical acrostic, for יֹחיד offering of an individual, בגֹלל עצמה, being offered by itself (not as an attachment), לׄבונה requiring frankincense. Menachoth 51ᵃ Manuscript Karlsruhe (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note; edition יגי"ל, the second י meaning יֹין requiring libation of wine, incorrect). ↗ original
יָגַע [to feel pain,] to take pains, to labor; to be tired. Berachoth 58ᵃ, see יְגִיעָה. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, 5ᶜ אנו יָגַעְנוּ וכ׳ we have been busy at work for an entire day. the same place (ibid.) י׳ זה לשתי וכ׳ this one has worked (accomplished) more in two hours etc.; the same place (ibid.) כך י׳ … בתורה וכ׳ so has R. Bun accomplished in studies in the twenty eight years (of his life) etc.; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 6, 2; Koheleth Rabbah to 5, 11. Megillah 6ᵇ אם יאמר … יָגַעְתִּי וכ׳ if one tells thee, ‘I have toiled (studied) and achieved nothing’, do not believe; ‘I have not toiled and have achieved’, do not believe etc.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, end, 14ᵈ צריך לִיגַע בתורה must study the Law. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 12, beginning חדלו מליגע בתורה they ceased from studying the Law; and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל יִגֵּעַ, יִיגֵּעַto put to trouble, to weary. Sotah 2, 1 (14ᵃ) כדי לְיַגְּעָהּ (Rashi: לְיַי׳) in order to wear her out (so that she may be induced to confess). Sifra Vayikra, Ḥobah, Parah 5, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 7 אבל אם היה מְיַגְּעָן וכ׳ but if after having troubled them (the judges) an entire day, he says finally etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 469 היה מונע (correct accordingly); Tosefta Tohoroth 6, 14 ומשהגיע (read ומשהִגִּיעָןHif'il). Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 2, 61ᶜ bottom of the page מתוך שאתה מְיַיגְּעוֹ וכ׳ because you put him to special trouble (by ordering a special form of cakes) etc.—Shemoth Rabbah section 41 התלמיד … יִגַּעְתִּיךָ the pupil says to the teacher, I have wearied thee; Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 161; and frequently—participle passive מְיוּגָּע, plural מְיוּגָּעִים, מְיוּגָּעִין. Kethuboth 8ᵇ ואתם אחינו המ׳ המדוכאין וכ׳ and you, our brethren, who are worn out and crushed by this bereavement. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הוֹגִיעַ (הִגִּיעַ) same. Tosefta Tohoroth 6, 14, see above. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 39, beginning (referring to Malachi 2, 17) הוֹגַעְתֶּם לי במעשיכם וכ׳ (edition Buber edition, different interpretation or differently interpreted) it does not say, you wore me out with your doings, but with your words. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 18, 36 והרב … רב לך כי הוֹגַעְתִּיךָ and the teacher will say to the pupil, thou hast enough now, for I have wearied thee?; and elsewhere Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְיַיגֵּעַ, , Nithpa. נִתְיַיגֵּעַto be tired, to take pains. Gittin 70ᵃ הבא בדרך ונ׳ who has been travelling and is tired. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Shub., p. 164ᵃ שלא תִתְיַיגֵּעַ בחזירה that you may not get tired on your way back. Pesikta Rabbati section 14 אני נִתְיַיגַּעְתִּי בה וכ׳ I took pains with her and smote her etc.; and frequently ↗ original
יָגֵעַthe preceding) wearied, painstaking. Shemoth Rabbah section 13, beginning במה אני יי׳ of whom am I wearied?—Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 77ᵇ bottom of the page זה הוא הלשון שהיה י׳ וכ׳ is this the tongue which was wearing itself out with teaching the Law?; and frequently—plural יְגֵעִים, יְגֵעִין, יְגֵי׳. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 12, beginning י׳ בתורה studying the Law. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 1, 15ᵇ bottom of the page referring to Deuteronomy 32, 47) ואם רק הוא מכם למה שאין אתם י׳ בו and if it (the word of the Law) seems to you empty, it is your fault, … because you do not study it carefully; אימתי בשעה שאתם י׳ בו when (is it your life)? When you are busy studying it; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 4, beginning 54ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original
יְגָר , construct state יְגַר Chaldaic (Aramaic) = Hebrew אֵגוֹר, hill, heap of stones. Targum Onkelos Genesis 31, 47 (Yerushalmi (prefix) אוֹגַר).—plural יַגְרִין. Targum Jeremiah 9, 10. the same place (ibid.) 26, 18 (edition Vilna edition יַגָרִין); and frequently—Targum Job 15, 28 יְגוֹרִין.—יְגַר שַׂהֲדוּתָא proper noun of a place (bibl.) Y’gar Sahădutha (Hill of Testimony). Tosefta Shevi'ith 4, 11 variant reading (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) יגוד סיכותא, read יְגוֹר see סָכוּתָא); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 6, 36ᶜ (see Hildesh. Sachs, Beitrage p. 57, and the following). ↗ original
יַגְרִיYagri, in the district of Nivay (see נִוַאי). Tosefta Shevi'ith 4, 8; Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 2, 22ᵈ top יגדי. ↗ original
יָד feminine (rarely masculine) (Biblical Hebrew; hand; forefoot; handle. Shemoth Rabbah section 42, end מיד ליד from hand to hand, directly, opposite ע"י שלוחו through his messenger.—י׳ רחבה a wide hand, liberality. Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 1, 76ᶜ top עני ויָדוֹ ר׳ a poor man who is liberal, opposite י׳ מעוטה stingy.—Chullin 58ᵇ, and frequently בְּיָד on the forefoot (of a quadruped).—ʿUktsin 1, 1 כל שהוא יד ולא שזמר whatever part of a fruit serves as a handle (as the stem) and not as a protector (as the shell of a nut etc.). Kelim 29, 4 יַד הקורדום the handle of an ax; and very frequently—Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 4 לא חלתה יד ליד hand does not fit hand, i.e. the two cases are incongruous.—Transferred an intimation, an incomplete statement intelligible from context, surroundings etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 1, 36ᵈ top תופסין אותו משם יד לקרבן we make him responsible because what he said is suggestive of the word korban (as a vow); and frequently—Dualיָדַיִם; pl. יָדוֹת. Yadayim 1, 1 נותנין לי׳ is required for pouring on the hands. the same place (ibid.) 2, 3 הי׳ מטמאות וכ׳ hands (when being washed) become unclean or clean up to the wrist; and very frequently—י׳ יפות, see יָפֶה.—Nedarim 2ᵇ ידות נדרים (or ידות) suggestions of vows, contradistinguished to כינויים, see כִּינּוּי. the same place (ibid.) 5ᵇ, and frequently י׳ שאין מוכיחות לא הויין י׳ suggestions which are not beyond doubt, are no (binding) suggestions; and frequently power, authority, possession, share. Bava Metzia 70ᵇ, see אֶמְצַע. Kiddushin 3ᵇ קטנה דלית לה יד וכ׳ a minor who cannot accept a betrothal for herself. Nedarim 88ᵇ יד אשה כיד בעלה the wife’s possession is her husband’s possession. Kiddushin 23ᵃ גיטו ויָדוֹ באים כאחד his letter of manumission and his right of self-disposal come simultaneously. Yevamoth 39ᵃ; Kethuboth 83ᵃ ידו כיָדָהּ the husband’s right of disposal is as great as the wife’s (concerning what belongs to her); ידו עדיפא מידה his rights are stronger than hers. Bava Metzia 6, 2 יָדָן על התחתונה their rights are the lowest, i.e. they are responsible for losses but can derive no benefits from favorable chances; the same place (ibid.) כל המשנה ידו על התחתונה וכ׳ whichever side changes the agreement is at a disadvantage, and whichever side breaks the agreement etc.; and very frequently—Dualיָדַיִם, construct state יְדֵי. Avodah Zarah 41ᵇ, and elsewhere מִירֵי ודאי, see וַדַּאי.—יְדֵי חובתו, see יָצָא. portion, participle—plural יָדוֹת. Tosefta Menachoth 9, 10 שתי י׳ two thirds; and frequently—מִיַּד (= מיד ליד) at once, directly, immediately. Tosefta Demai 8, 7, see חָלַלHif'il—Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 6, 33ᵃ מיד כל מי וכ׳ presently, every one whose Passover offering was a lamb etc.; and very frequently— עַל יַד, על יְדֵי (abbr. ע"י) through, by means of. Gittin 40ᵇ שמא זיכה לו ע"י אחר he may have benefitted him (given him his liberty) through the agency of another person (without the slave’s knowledge). Niddah 1, 1 מעת לעת ממעטת ע"ו וכ׳ the period of twenty four hours is modified by the interval between one examination and the other (if that interval is less than twenty four hours); and very frequently—על ידי ש־ because. Vayikra Rabbah section 32 ע"י שגדרו וכ׳ because the Israelites guarded themselves against unchastity, they were redeemed; and very frequently—עַל יָד עַל יָד gradually, little by little. Bava Kamma 80ᵃ (opposite מיד); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 8, 15. Parah 8, 7 Hai G. (edition only once ע"י).—כלאחר יד, see אַחַי.—יָדַיִם Yadayim, name of a treatise of the Mishnah and Tosefta, of the Order of Tohăroth, containing the laws of levitical cleanness or uncleanness of the hands. ↗ original
יַד Targum Numbers 35, 17; and frequently—5. אִידָא.—Kiddushin 30ᵃ top אַדְּיָדָךְ על וכ׳ while thy hand yet rests on thy son’s neck (as long as you have control over him). Avodah Zarah 15ᵃ אַיָּדָא דספסירא (= Hebrew על ידי) through an agent; and frequently—plural יָדִין, יָדַיָּא. Targum Ezekiel 21, 12 (edition Vilna edition יְדֵין). Targum Isaiah 13, 7; and frequently—עַל יַד, על יְדֵי, see the preceding Targum Psalms 89, 20. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 33, 1; and frequently—על יְדֵי ד־ = Hebrew ע"י ש־. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 44, 18.—מִן יַד, מִיַּד, see the preceding Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 1, 3. Targum Psalms 59, 12; and elsewhere ↗ original
יַדּוּעַ , (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Jaddua. Bava Metzia 7, 9 J. the Babylonian. ↗ original
יִדּוֹעַ name of abird (Maimonides) or a beast (Rashi), a bone of which is used for witchcraft. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 19, 31 (edition Amsterdam edition יָדוֹעַ); and elsewhere—Sanhedrin 65ᵇ; (Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 10, 6 ידעוני). ↗ original
ידי (Biblical Hebrew) to point, move (compare Biblical Hebrew הָדָה).—Denom. יָד. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הוֹדָה [to raise hands,] to thank, acknowledge; to give praise. Taanith 6ᵇ מוֹדִים … לך we offer thanks unto thee. Berachoth 5, 3 he who says in public prayer מודים מודים … אותו ‘we thank, we thank’ (as if pointing in different directions and acknowledging two divinities) must be silenced. the same place (ibid.) 9, 5 (play on מׄאדׄך, Deuteronomy 6, 5) בכל מׄדׄה ומדה … הוי מוֹדֶה לו for whatever measure He metes out to thee, give thanks to Him. the same place (ibid.) 54ᵇ ארבעה צריכין להוֹרוֹת four persons are bound to offer public thanks; and very frequently to admit, consent, to confess. Pesachim 4, 9 (56ᵃ); Berachoth 10ᵃ על ג׳ הוֹדוּ לו concerning three of his acts they agreed with him. Bava Metzia 3ᵃ, and frequently מוֹדֶה במקצת הטענה he who admits part of his opponent’s claim. Shevuoth 6, 3; Kethuboth 108ᵇ, and elsewhere טענו … וה׳ לו בשעורים, see טָעַן I. Bava Metzia 12ᵇ בשחייב מודה when the debtor admits his indebtedness; and very frequently [Tosefta Parah 9 (8), 6 שהן מודין, see מוֹרִיר.] Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְיַדֶּה, , Nithpa. נִתְוַדֶּה, (denominative of תּוֹדָה, compare Joshua 7, 19) to confess one’s sins before God. Yoma 3, 8 ומִתְיַרֶּה and confesses in public. the same place (ibid.) 40ᵃ להגריל ולהִתְוַדּוֹת to cast lots and to make confession (on the head of the scapegoat). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 8, end, 45ᶜ אע"פ שנ׳ בערבית צריך להתודות וכ׳ although he has made confession in the evening prayer, he must again confess etc.; and frequently—5. וִידּוּי. ↗ original
יְדִי , Pa. וַדֵּי, Ithpaalאִתְוַדֵּי Chaldaic (Aramaic) same, to confess. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 5, 5 (Yerushalmi (prefix) יוֹדֵיAf.). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 3, 29 מִתְוַדִּין; and elsewhere Af'el הִפְעִיל אוֹדִי, הוֹדִי as the precedingHif'il Targum Proverbs 28, 13.—Targum Genesis 49, 8; and frequently—Yoma 7ᵃ מוֹדִינָא I admit (agree). Kethuboth 85ᵃ ומוֹדְיָא and she may admit her debt.—Berachoth 54ᵇ צריך לאוֹדוּיֵי וכ׳ he must offer thanks in the presence of etc.—Shevuoth 39ᵇ כפר במקצת וא׳ במקצת if he denies part and admits part of the claim; and frequently ↗ original
יָדִיד [pointed out,] chosen, beloved; chosen spot. Menachoth 53ᵃ יבא י׳ בן י׳ ויבנה י׳ … ויתכפרו בו ידידים the beloved (Solomon), son of the beloved (Abraham), shall rise and build a chosen structure (Temple) to the beloved (the Lord) in the lot of the beloved (Benjamin), that in it the chosen ones (Israel) be atoned for. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 14ᵃ bottom of the page; Shabbath 137ᵇ (benediction on circumcision) אשר קידש י׳ מבטן who sanctified the chosen one (Abraham, Isaiah 41, 8; others: Isaac, with referring to Genesis 22, 2) from the womb.—plural יְדִידִים, see above. ↗ original
יְדִידוּתthe preceding) choice; the chosen people. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 14ᵃ bottom of the page; Shabbath 137ᵇ י׳ (זרע קודש) שארנו the chosen (of the holy seed) of our blood (race). ↗ original
יְדִיעָה (יָדַע) knowledge, especially (Leviticus 4, 14; 23; 28) finding out, discovery, consciousness. Shevuoth 5ᵃ, and elsewhere יְרִיעַת בית רבו שמה י׳ the knowledge acquired in the teacher’s house (a theoretical knowledge that one who touches an unclean thing becomes unclean etc.) is also called a knowledge (as regards the applicability of the verb נעלם). Kerithoth 4, 2 אם היתה י׳ בנתיים if there was consciousness between the two acts (if he found out his first transgression before committing the second). Shevuoth 1, 2 י׳ בתחלה וי׳ בסוף והעלם בנתיים original consciousness (knowing that he became unclean) and final consciousness (finding out that he had eaten sacred things in uncleanness) but forgetfulness between. Horayoth 2ᵃ, and frequently השב מִידִיעָתוֹ he who regrets when he finds out his transgression; and frequently—plural יְדִיעוֹת. Sheb. 1, 1 י׳ הטומאה the laws concerning the discovery of having sinned through uncleanness; the same place (ibid.) 2, 1; and frequently ↗ original
יְדִיעֲתָא , knowledge. Targum Proverbs 1, 4. the same place (ibid.) 22, 17; and frequently ↗ original
יָדַע [to point out, select, love,] to recognize, know; to find out. Pesachim 87ᵇ כיון שי׳ שחטא when he was convinced that he had done wrong. the same place (ibid.) ואין אתה יוֹדֵעַ אם וכ׳ and thou knowest not whether etc. the same place (ibid.) יודע הקב"ה את ישראל וכ׳ the Lord knows that Israel cannot endure the cruel persecutions of Rome (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note); Yalkut Shimoni Hosea 529. Shevuoth 4ᵇ; the same place (ibid.) 5ᵃ ונעלם מבלל שי׳ it says, ‘and it escaped his memory’ (Leviticus 5, 3)—this proves that there was a time when he knew (the nature of his act, see יְדִיעָה). Zevachim 115ᵇ דבר זה … ולא יְדָעוֹ וכ׳ this word (Exodus 29, 43) the Lord had said to Moses, but he did not understand it, until the sons of Aaron died. the same place (ibid.) כיון שי׳ … יְדוּעֵי מקום הן when Aaron learned that his sons were the chosen of the Lord (Leviticus 10, 3); and very frequently—participle pass. יָדוּעַ a) chosen. plural יְדוּעִים, construct state יְדוּעֵי, see above.—b) known, special, certain. Sifra Vayikra, Ḥobah, Parah 6, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 8 חטא י׳ a known (discovered) sin, see יְדִיעָה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 1, 16ᶜ טומאה יְדוּעָה (not ידוע) an ascertained levitical uncleanness, opposite ספק; and frequently—בְּיָדוּעַ it is sure. Rosh Hashanah 20ᵇ בי׳ שנראה וכ׳ the moon must have been visible etc. Sukkah 49ᵇ כל אדם … בי׳ שהוא וכ׳ a popular man (see חֵן) is, you may be sure, a God-fearing man; and frequently (euphem.) to have sexual intercourse with. Yevamoth 57ᵃ בלא יְדָעָהּ when he never had connection with her. Esther Rabbah to 3, 7 שלא יְדָעָהּ איש וכ׳ whom no man except her husband touched; and elsewhere Hif'il הִפְעִיל הוֹדִיעַto make known, inform. Bereshith Rabbah section 22, beginning (referring to Genesis 4, 1, reading יִדַּע for homiletical purposes) ה׳ דרך ארץ לכל he showed to all the way of the land (propagation, see דֶּרֶךְ). Chullin 5, 3 צריך להוֹדִיעַ must inform (the purchaser). Avoth 4, 22 לֵידַע להודיע ולהִוָּורַע to learn, to proclaim and to be made to feel (be thoroughly convinced). Shabbath 10ᵇ צריך להוֹדִיעוֹ must inform him. the same place (ibid.) לך והוֹדִיעֵם go and tell them. the same place (ibid.) הנותן … צריך לה׳ לאמו he who gives bread to a child must inform his mother; and frequently Hof. הֻפְעַל הוֹדַעto be informed, become conscious; to be made known. Shevuoth 1, 6 ה׳ ולא ה׳ whether he became conscious (of his transgression) or not. Sifra Vayikra, Ḥobah, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 20, Parah 12 (referring to Leviticus 4, 23; 28) את ה׳ שלהם when they become known; and frequently—Bava Bathra 113ᵇ הוֹדְעָה Munich manuscript (see אָרַע 2). Nif'al נִפְעַל נוֹדַעsame. Horayoth 3, 3. Avoth 4, 22, see above. Shevuoth 9ᵇ שסופו לִיוָּדַע of which he is likely to be informed. Chullin 9ᵃ עד שיִוָּדַע לך, see חֲזָקָה. Niddah 9, 5, see below; and frequently Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְוַודַּע, , Nithpa. נִתְוַודַּעsame. Bechoroth 25ᵇ עד שיִתְוַורַּע הטומאה (Niddah the passage cited עד שיודע לך וכ׳) until he ascertains the exact place of uncleanness; Pesachim 10ᵃ עד שתִּיוָּדַע לך Munich manuscript (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, 6ᵇ נתודע לו וכ׳ he found it out after sunset; and frequently (see מוֹדַע) to force one’s self upon the notice of, to pretend friendship for. Avoth 1, 10 אל תִּתְוַדַּע לרשות do not make thyself a partisan of the (foreign) government. ↗ original
יְדַע Targum Genesis 4, 1; and frequently—the same place (ibid.) 30, 26; a. fr:—Fut. יִדַּע, יִנְדַּע (frequently נדע). Targum Psalms 39, 5 אִידַּע manuscript (edition אֵידַע). Targum Exodus 8, 6; and frequently—Berachoth 33ᵇ אנא לא האי יְדַעְנָע I learned nothing either about this etc. Sanhedrin 103ᵃ (proverb—of one who derives no lesson from adversity or success) בכיי ליה למר ולא י׳ וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition דלא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) they lament to you and you understand it not, they laugh to you and you understand it not; וי ליה למאן דלא י׳ וכ׳ (not למר) woe to him who knows not the difference between good and evil; and frequently Af'el הִפְעִיל אוֹדַע, הוֹדַע as the precedingHif'il Targum Exodus 33, 13. Targum Psalms 106, 8 לאוֹדָעָה (manuscript לאַנְדָּ׳, see above); and frequently—Sanhedrin 11ᵇ מְהוֹדְעִין אנחנא וכ׳ we (the Sanhedrin) notify you etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 18ᵈ top מוֹדַעְנָא; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 6 מְהוֹדַעְנָא (variant reading מְהוֹדְעֵי אנחנא). Shabbath 33ᵇ מאן לוֹדְעֵיה לבר וכ׳ (Munich manuscript מוֹדְעֵיה) Oh, that some one would inform the son of Yoḥai etc. Nedarim 62ᵃ לאוֹדוּעֵי נפשיה to make one’s self known (as a scholar). Bereshith Rabbah section 11 מנאן את מוֹדַע לי (some edition מְיַדַּע) how will you prove it to me?; and frequently Pa'el פִּעֵל יַדַּעsame. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 6 לינא מְיַדַּע לדין וכ׳ shall I not let him know with whom he is dealing?. Bereshith Rabbah section 11, see above.—participle pass. מְיַדַּעfriend. Targum Psalms 88, 9 מְיַדְּעַי manuscript (edition מיודעי, hebraism). Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְיְרַע,Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְיַדַּעto be made known, to make one’s self known. Targum Onkelos Genesis 45, 1. the same place (ibid.) 41, 21; and frequently—[Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 21, 11 תתידעון, read: תיתרעון, as in see 14.]—Horayoth 2ᵃ כי מִתְיַדַּע להו לבי דינא if the court were made aware of it. Shabbath 71ᵇ א׳ ליה קודם וכ׳ he became aware of it before setting the sacrifice aside; and elsewhere ↗ original
יִדְעוֹנִיsooth-sayer, charmer. Sanhedrin 65ᵇ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 10, 6, see יִרּוֹעַ; and elsewhere ↗ original
יְדַעְיָה (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Jedaiah, a priestly division, named after its head. Taanith 27ᵃ, and the following; Arachin 12ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 68ᵈ poetic name of Sepphoris in Galilee whither the division of J. was exiled (see Yerushalmi (prefix) the passage cited). Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 11; 9, 10 בני י׳ sons of J. (inhabitants of Sepph.). ↗ original
יָהּ (Biblical Hebrew) Yah, abbreviation of the Tetragrammaton. Sukkah 4, 5 (45ᵃ, missing in Munich manuscript, see marginal note to edition); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 1 לַיָּהּ ולך מזבח unto Yah and unto thee, O altar (do we give praise); Sukkah 45ᵇ ליה אנחנו מודים ולך וכ׳ to Yah we offer thanks and thee (altar) we praise. the same place (ibid.) 5, 4 (51ᵇ) אנו ליה וליה עינינו we are Yah’s and to Yerushalmi (prefix) we lift up your eyes. Bereshith Rabbah section 79, end, see דְיָקִינְתִּין; and elsewhere ↗ original
יָהּ 2 (interjection) Oh! exclamation of distress. Bereshith Rabbah section 92 (play on יה, Psalms 94, 12). ↗ original
יְהַבto give. Targum Genesis 3, 12. Targum Job 3, 19 יֵיהַב manuscript (edition יָהִיב, edition Vilna edition יְהִיב); and frequently—participle passive יְהִיב. Targum Numbers 3, 9; and frequently—Imperative הַב. Targum Genesis 30, 26; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 8, 11ᵇ bottom of the page, and frequently י׳ ליה מילא gave him assurance of safety. the same place (ibid.) יהב את פלגא (read as:) Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 5, end, 54ᵇ הב וכ׳ give thou half of it. the same place (ibid.) [read:] אמר דיֵיבִין ליה יַהֲבוּ ליה ואכל he ordered that they give him (to eat); they gave him, and he ate. Kiddushin 9ᵃ אי יהבינא לך וכ׳ (read: יַהֲבִינָהּ) if I give it to thee, wilt thou be betrothed unto me? Said she הָבָהּ מֵיהֲבָהּ give it; כל הבה מיהבה וכ׳ all such phrases as ‘give it’, mean nothing (do not mean assent to the proposal); and very frequently—נסב וי׳ (Hebrew = נשא ונתן) to deal. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 6. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 7, 37ᶜ top; and elsewhere—Vayikra Rabbah section 19, see below.—2) to put, place. Targum Exodus 16, 33; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, 35ᵃ bottom of the page אין אנן יַהֲבִין ליה נֵיהֲבֵיה וכ׳ if we put him (his coffin) anywhere, we must put him with R. etc.; and frequently Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְרַהַב,Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְיְהַב, אִתְיְהֵיבto be given. Targum Isaiah 9, 5. Targum Exodus 5, 16; and frequently—Kiddushin 7ᵃ משום דא׳ למחילה because it (money or money’s worth) may be given away without consideration; see נָתַן.—[Vayikra Rabbah section 19 … תתיהב דיהבת וכ׳, read: תִּתְיַתַּב … דיַתְּבַת, see יְתֵב I.] ↗ original
יְהָבָא (= Biblical Hebrew יְהָב; the preceding) [that which is put on,] bundle, load on the back. Rosh Hashanah 26ᵇ; Megillah 18ᵃ (as an analogy to יהב, Psalms 55, 23) the Arab said, שקול יְהָבִיךְ וכ׳ take off thy bundle and put it on my camel; Bereshith Rabbah section 79, end תלי הדין י׳ עלי help me to put my load on; שמעון מיניה י׳ משדי from this they learned that y’haba means load↗ original
יְהָבִית construct state (the preceding words) giving; share, dispensation. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 5, 10 יהבית אגרהא = Hebrew מַתַּן שָׂכַר. Targum Psalms 11, 6 (Hebrew text מנת). ↗ original
יַהֲדוּת (see יְהוּדִי) Jewish religion, monotheism. Esther Rabbah to 3, 7 והחזיקו ביַהֲדוּתָן (not ביהודתן) and clung to their creed. ↗ original
יֵהוּא (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Jehu, King of Israel. Megillah 14ᵃ. Horayoth 11ᵇ אף י׳ … לא נמשח וכ׳ Jehu, too, would not have been anointed, but for the opposition to Joram; and elsewhere ↗ original
יְהוּדJudaea. Daniel 2, 25; and elsewhere—Echah Rabbah to 1, 2 י׳ מדינתא the province of J. ↗ original
יְהוּדָה (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun Judah, son of Jacob; tribe of Judah. Pesachim 50ᵃ. Yoma 12ᵃ, and elsewhere מחלקו של י׳ from the area of Judah.—Bereshith Rabbah section 85; and very frequently name of several Tannaim; a) R. J. b. B’thera in Babylonia Berachoth 22ᵃ; and frequently—b) J. b. Tabbai, chief of the Sanhedrin in the days of queen Salome. Avoth 1, 8. Chagigah 2, 2; and frequently—c) R. J. the priest. Eduy. 8, 3.—d) R. J. b. Baba. the same place (ibid.) 2. Shabbath 62ᵇ; and frequently—e) R. J. b. Ilai, usually mentioned in the Mishnah as R. J. only. Berachoth 63ᵇ; Shabbath 33ᵇ. Menachoth 103ᵇ; and very frequently—f) R. J. b. Tema. Avoth 5, 20. Eruvin 17ᵃ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3 (2), 6 (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) בתירה). Tosefta Gittin 7 (5), 8; and frequently; a. others (see Friedman Darkhé, p. 42; p. 137).—Esp. R. J. han-Nasi I a. 2, surnamed Rabbi, see רַבִּי. name of several Amoraim, the most renowned of whom is R. J. (b. Ezekiel), a Babylonian. Kethuboth 110ᵇ bottom of the page—Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, 64ᵇ top; and frequently—5. Friedman M’bo p. 91ᵃ Judaea, the southern province of Palestine. Kethuboth 1, 5 (12ᵃ); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 4. Kiddushin 6ᵃ; and very frequently ↗ original
יְהוּדִי (Biblical Hebrew) Judaean, Jew (mostly in a religious sense), worshipper of one God. Megillah 12ᵇ קרי ליה י׳ אלמא מיהודה וכ׳ he is called Y’hudi (Esther 2, 5), which would indicate that he belongs to the tribe of Judah, and yet he is called ish y’mini etc.?, see נִימוֹס. the same place (ibid.) 13ᵃ … ואמאי י׳ … שכל הכופר בע"ז נקרא י׳ but why is he designated as Y’hudi? Because he disowned idolatry; for whosoever disowns idolatry, is called a Jew (referring to Daniel 3, 12); Esther Rabbah to 2, 5 לפי שייחד … נקרא י׳ לומר י׳ יחירי because he professed the unity of God, he was called Y’hudi, meaning to say, a Y’hudi, a believer in One God. Shemoth Rabbah section 42 אתה סבור … או י׳ או צלוב thou thinkest that calling Israel ‘persistent’ is meant for blame; it is meant for their praise, either a Jew or hanged. Megillah the passage cited מאכל י׳ Jewish food (in accordance with the Jewish dietary laws); and elsewhere—[Pesachim 113ᵇ י׳, read with manuscripts a. early edition מי; Yevamoth 63ᵃ כל י׳, read אדם.]—plural יְהוּדִים. Esther Rabbah to 3, 9. the same place (ibid.) to 8, 8 שונאי הי׳ the enemies of the Jews. the same place (ibid.) 15 מלך … על הי׳ Mardecai was made king of the Jews; and frequently—Fem. יְהוּדִיָּה, יְהוּדִית. Megillah the passage cited (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 7); Yalkut Shimoni Esther 1052 (referring to I Chronicles 4, 18) אמאי קרי לה י׳ why is she (Bithya, the daughter of Pharaoh) called Y’hudiyah (a Jewess)?—Esther Rabbah to 3, I אם אסתר י׳ היא וכ׳ if Esther is a Jewess etc., opposite גויה.—Kethuboth 7, 6 (72ᵃ, and the following) דת י׳, see דַּת. ↗ original
יְהוֹיָדָע (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Jehoiada, the high-priest. Bamidbar Rabbah section 23; and elsewhere ↗ original
יְהוֹיָקִים (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Jehoiakim, king of Judah. Moed Katan 26ᵃ. Sanhedrin 103ᵃ, and the following Vayikra Rabbah section 19; and frequently ↗ original
יְהוֹיָרִיב (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Joiarib, head of a priestly division named after him; (fem.) the division J. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 68ᵈ ↗ original
יְהוֹרָם (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Jehoram, Joram, son of Ahab, king of Israel. Berachoth 10ᵃ. Shemoth Rabbah section 31; and elsewhere son of Joshafat, king of Judah. Horayoth 11ᵇ, see יֵהוּא↗ original
יְהוֹשׁוּעַ (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Joshua, J. bin Nun, the successor of Moses. Avoth 1, 1. Berachoth 4ᵃ bottom of the page Bava Kamma 80ᵇ, and the following עשרה … התנה י׳ וכ׳ J., on conquering the promised land, laid down ten conditions (regulations) etc.; Eruvin 17ᵃ; and very frequently—Megillah 1, 1, and frequently מומות י׳ בן נוןdating from the days of the conquest or before the high-priest of the returning Babylonian exiles. Sanhedrin 93ᵃ; and elsewhere—3) name of several Tannaim; a) J.; and elsewhere name of several Tannaim; a) J. b. Praḥya. Avoth 1, 6; and frequently—b) R. J. b. Ḥǎnania, mostly quoted as R. J. only. Maʿǎser Sheni 5, 9. Eruvin 4, 1; 2. Chagigah 5ᵇ; and very frequently; and others (see Friedman Darkhé pp. 97; 134; 178; 189). name of several Amoraim, especially R. J. b. Levi. Berachoth 3ᵇ; and very frequently—R. J. of Sikhnin. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, 7ᵇ bottom of the page; and frequently; and others (see Friedman M’bo p. 91ᵃ, and the following).—(ספר) י׳ the Book of Joshua. Bava Bathra 14ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original
יְהוֹשָׁפָט (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Joshafat, king of Judah. Shabbath 56ᵇ. Bereshith Rabbah section 33; and frequently ↗ original
יָהִיר [glittering,] showy, proud, aristocratic.—plural יְהִירִים. Sotah 47ᵇ, see מָשַׁךְ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 14, 8 (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) יְהִרִים). ↗ original
יָהִיר ² Targum Habakkuk 2, 5 י׳ ברשע boastful of his wickedness.—Chullin 111ᵇ top כמה י׳ וכ׳ how assuming is this scholar!; compare יוֹהֲרָא.—[Megillah 29ᵃ האי מאן די׳ וכ׳ he who is proud, has a certain blemish (missing in manuscripts, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note).]—Bava Bathra 98ᵃ, see יְהַר.—plural יְהִירֵי. Sanhedrin 98ᵃ, see אַמְגּוֹשָׁא.—Fem. plural יְהִירָן. Megillah 14ᵇ תרתי נשי י׳ וכ׳ there were two proud women (Deborah and Huldah), and their names are invidious. ↗ original
יָהַר (compare אור, נהר) to be shining, showy, proud, see יָהִיר. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְיָהֵר (denominative of יָהִיר) to assume airs, to be boastful. Pesachim 66ᵇ כל המִתְיָהֵר וכ׳ whoever is boastful, if he is wise, his wisdom will desert him etc. Bava Bathra 10ᵇ שׁאין עושין אלא להִתְיָהֵר בו they do good only to boast themselves thereof; וכל המתיהר וכ׳ and whoever boasts, falls a prey to Gehenna. ↗ original
יְהַרIthpaalאִיָּהֵר, Ithpeelאִיהַר same. Sotah 47ᵇ האי מאן דמֵיהַר וכ׳ an overbearing man is unpopular even with his own household; Bava Bathra 98ᵃ; Yalkut Shimoni Habakkuk 562 דיָהִיר. ↗ original
יוֹאָב (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Joab, general of king David. Bava Bathra 116ᵃ. Sanhedrin 48ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original
יוֹאֵל (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Joel, the prophet. Taanith 5ᵃ. Sukkah 52ᵃ; and elsewhere ↗ original
יוֹאָשׁ (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Joash, king of Judah. Tosefta, Sanhedrin 4, 11; Yerushalmi (prefix) Horayoth 3, 47ᶜ bottom of the page; Babylonian Horayoth 11ᵇ ואת י׳ מפני עתלי׳ and they anointed J. on account of his opposition to Athalia; compare יֵהוּא. Sanhedrin 95ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original
יוֹבֵל (compare בַּרְחָא, נָגוֹדָא) leader, bellwether, ram. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᶜ top (referring to קרן יובל, Joshua 6, 5) בערביא … יובלא in Arabia they call a ram yubla; Rosh Hashanah 26ᵃ (elliptically for קֶרֶן הַיּ׳) ram’s horn. Mechilta Yithro, Baḥod., section 3 (referring to Exodus 19, 14) בשימשוך הי׳ את קולו when the horn prolongs its sound; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 281. common gender (elliptically for שְׁנַת הַיּ׳) Jubilee, Yobel-year, the fiftieth year, the year following the succession of seven Sabbatical years (Leviticus 25, 8—16; 23—24). Rosh Hashanah 3, 5 שוה הי׳ לר"ה the proclamation of the Jubilee resembles that of the New Year as to blowing etc.—Arachin 12ᵇ בתחלת הי׳ at the beginning of the Jubilee cycle; and frequently—plural יוֹבְלוֹת. Rosh Hashanah the passage cited Arachin the passage cited י"ז י׳ מנו וכ the Israelites counted seventeen jubilee cycles from their entrance into the Holy Land to their leaving it. ↗ original
יוּבְלָאram. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᶜ top; Rosh Hashanah 26ᵃ, see the preceding (compare Targum Joshua 6, 4, and the following). Jubilee. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 25, 10 יוֹבֵלָא (edition Berlin edition יוֹבֵילָא, edition Amsterdam edition יוֹבָלָא; Yerushalmi (prefix) יוּבָלָא); and frequently—plural יוּבְלֵי. Arachin 12ᵇ תמניא י׳ eight jubilee cycles; and elsewhere ↗ original
יוּבְּקָאYubka, name of a brook, a valley and a border place. Targum Onkelos Genesis 32, 23 edition Berlin edition (other edition a. Yerushalmi (prefix) יוּבְ׳). Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 3, 16 יוּבְ׳ נחלא edition Berlin edition (other edition a. Yerushalmi (prefix) יוּבְ׳ דנ׳); and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 6, 36ᶜ חשבון ויבקא; Sifré Deuteronomy 51 משקא וחשבון; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 874 יוסקא וח׳ (correct accordingly); Tosefta Shevi'ith 4, 11 יוקפא edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading יבקא). ↗ original
יוֹבֶשׁ (יְבַשׁ) dry matter, dry condition. Targum 2 Chronicles 4, 5 בי׳ in dry measure. Targum Judges 6, 37; 39, and the following ↗ original
יו"דYod, the tenth letter of the Alphabet. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 1, 33ᵇ bottom of the page; Shabbath 103ᵇ; Taanith 2ᵇ הרי מ"ם יו"ד מ"ם הרי מים the Mem of ונסכיהםׄ (Numbers 29, 19), the Yod of ונסכיֹה (the same place (ibid.) 31) , and the Mem of כמשפטםׄ (the same place (ibid.) 33) intimate water as libation. Bereshith Rabbah section 47, beginning; Bamidbar Rabbah section 18. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 2, 20ᶜ bottom of the page, and elsewhere יו"ד שבירבה וכ׳ the Yod in yarbeh (Deuteronomy 17, 16, and the following) denounced him (Solomon); and elsewhere—plural יוּדִים, יוּדִין. Sifré Deuteronomy 36 לווים י׳ ולי׳ וכ׳ if he made the Vav like Yod or vice versa; Shabbath the passage cited ↗ original
יוּדYud. Taanith 22ᵇ רמי בר רב י׳ edition (Munich manuscript רב יהודה אמר רב; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) notes 1, 2). the same place (ibid.) 9ᵃ רמי בר רב י׳ Munich manuscript 2 (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 60); Shabbath 32ᵇ Munich manuscript; (Makkoth 23ᵇ רמי בר רב only); Zevachim 55ᵇ Munich manuscript (edition יודא). ↗ original
יוּדָאYuda, an Amora. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 7, beginning 40ᵇ. Zevachim 55ᵇ, see the preceding↗ original
יוּדָן which see Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 3, 6ᵃ bottom of the page, and frequently ר׳ י׳ נשייא R. J. (2), the Nasi; (5. Friedman M’bo p. 92ᵃ, and the following).—Pesikta Rabbati section 14 ר׳ י׳.—Bereshith Rabbah section 10 אבא י׳ (abbr. אַבְדָּן which see).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᵃ top of the page the same place (ibid.) 9, 14ᵃ top; and very frequently ↗ original
יוּדֵן (= הוּ דֵן) is this. Targum 2 Esther 7, 5 (Hebrew text הוא זה, זה הוא). ↗ original
יוּדָנָה (see יוּדָן) Yudanah, Yudani. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 41ᵃ בר יודנה; Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, 45ᶜ bottom of the page בר … י Bar. Yerushalmi (prefix); compare יְהוּדִינְיִי. ↗ original
יוֹדְפָתYodfath, Yotapata, a fortress in Galilee (see Josephus B. J. 3, 7, 6, and the following; compare יָטְבָה 2 Kings 21, 19). Arachin 9, 6 י׳ הישנה the old fort of J.—Tosefta Niddah 3, 11 בקעת יטבת the valley of J.; Niddah 20ᵃ יודפ׳.—Denom. יוֹדְפָאָה masculine of J. Zevachim 110ᵇ; Meïl. 13ᵇ יודאפה (correct accordingly); Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 4, 54ᶜ bottom of the page יוֹתְפָיָיה. ↗ original
יודקו , read: יוּדִיקִין masculine plural (judices) judges; א׳ י׳ chief justice, see אַרְכִי 3. Bereshith Rabbah section 50, beginning Aruch (Sefer HeArukh)—[Musafia in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) under the word ארכידיקי, variant reading אַרְכִיקְרִיטֵיס (ἀρχικρίτης); edition א׳ הדיינים.] ↗ original
יוֹדְקֶרֶתYodkereth (a disguised translation of Diospolis = Lydda). Taanith 23ᵇ, and the following ר׳ יוסי דמן יודק׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition יוֹקֶרֶת, Munich manuscript יוקרת, Munich manuscript 2 ידקרת) R. J. of Yodkereth (compare ר׳ יוסי דרומייא, Friedman M’bo, p. 5ᵇ, and the following).—*Kiddushin 16ᵇ י׳ קא חזינא הכא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition יו"ד קרת) I see here the influence of the Yodk. school; (for other explanation, see Rashi ad loc. (on the passage), a. Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) Aruch Completum (Kohut) under the word ידקרת). ↗ original
יוֹהֲרָא (יְהַר) a sparkling gem. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 6, 16.—plural יוֹהֲרִין. Targum Esther 1, 4; Targum Lamentations 4, 7 (variant reading זְהוֹרִין); Targum Song of Songs 7, 2 (edition Lagarde edition גּוּהֲרִין.). (= יְהִירוּתָא) haughtiness, assumption. Berachoth 17ᵇ מחזי כי׳ it looks like an assumption (to appear more observant than others). the same place (ibid.) חייש לי׳ cares for the appearance of assumption (and therefore forbids); Pesachim 55ᵃ. Sukkah 26ᵇ לית ביה משום י׳ there is no appearance of presumption to be apprehended in doing so. ↗ original
יוֹזִיף (יְזַף) debtor. Targum Proverbs 22, 7; see יַזְפָא. ↗ original
יוֹחַאיYoḥai, especially known Yerushalmi (prefix) the father of R. Simeon. Shabbath 33ᵇ; and very frequently ↗ original
יוֹחָנָא 1Yoḥana. proper noun of a male person Chullin 133ᵃ מר י׳; Avodah Zarah 16ᵇ מר יוֹחָנִי. proper noun of a place Bereshith Rabbah section 40, beginning; the same place (ibid.) section 25, end; the same place (ibid.) section 64, beginning; Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 28, and elsewhere (proverb) שילה חטייא וי׳ משתלמא (not חטא) Shilo sinned a. Yerushalmi (prefix) is punished (i.e. the later generation pays for the sins of ancestors).—5. יוֹחָנִי. ↗ original
יוֹחָנָא 2Yoḥana, name of a species of locusts. Sifra Sh’mini, Parah 3, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 5; Chullin 65ᵃ י׳ ירושלמית the Jerusalem Yerushalmi (prefix) ↗ original
יוֹחָנִיYoḥani; proper noun of a male person Avodah Zarah 16ᵇ, see יוֹחָנָא I.—Menachoth 85ᵃ י׳ וממרא (some edition יוחנא) Yerushalmi (prefix) and Mamre (two Egyptian sorcerers); see יַנִּיס—Esther Rabbah to 1, 4 בר י׳ (some edition יוחני׳) Bar-Yerushalmi (prefix) proper noun of a female person—Zevachim 62ᵇ (a fictitious name).—Sotah 22ᵃ י׳ בת רטיבי (a hypocritical sorceress, see Rashi ad loc. (on the passage)). ↗ original
יוֹחָנָן (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Johanan, John; J. ben Kareah, a follower of the Babylonian governor of Judaea (Jeremiah 40, 8 and the following). Esther Rabbah introduction, beginning; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 5, 55ᵇ top; Mechilta Beshallach, Vayhi, section 2. John Hyrcan, the Asmonean highpriest and king (י׳ כהן גדול). Maash. Sh. 5, 15; Sotah 9, 10; and frequently name of several Tannaim, especially a) Rabban J. b. Zaccai. Avoth 2, 8. Rosh Hashanah 4, 3. Mechilta Yithro, Baḥod., section 11. Sotah 9, 9; 15. Gittin 56ᵃ, and the following; and very frequently—b) R. J. b. Bag-Bag (usually only Ben-Bag-Bag). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 5, 29ᵈ bottom of the page Bava Kamma 27ᵇ; and frequently—c) R. J. b. B’roka. Bava Kamma 10, 2; and frequently—d) R. J. b. Godgada. Eduy. 7, 9; and elsewhere—e) R. J. has-Sandlar. Avoth 4, 11; and frequently—f) R. J. b. Nuri. Eruvin 4, 5; Gittin 67ᵃ; and frequently; name of several Amoraim, especially R. J. han-Nappaḥ or Bar Nafḥa (the Smith). Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 2, 58ᵇ top of the page Chullin 137ᵇ; and very frequently (as R. J. only); see Friedman M’bo p. 95ᵇ, and the following—5. חִיקוֹק. ↗ original
יוֹחָס , plural יוֹחֲסִים, (יָחַס) יוֹחֲסִיןgenealogical records, traced genealogy. Kiddushin 4, 1 עשרה י׳ עלו וכ׳ ten classes of Jews of traced genealogy went up from Babylonian captivity. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 68ᵃ bottom of the page; Bereshith Rabbah section 98 מגילת י׳ מצאו וכ׳ a roll containing genealogical records was found etc. Yevamoth 4, 13; the same place (ibid.) 49ᵇ.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 5, end, 55ᵈ; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 5, 5 שלשלת (ה)י׳ the genealogical chain; Bereshith Rabbah section 82. the same place (ibid.) בכורת י׳ the genealogical privileges of the first-born, opposite to בכורת ממון the material privileges (double-share). Ruth Rabbah, end מה אתם יש לכם י׳ what records have you to show?—Pesachim 62ᵇ מיום שנגנז ספר י׳ since the Book of Genealogy (a commentary to Chronicles) was suppressed (or disappeared, in the Roman days). the same place (ibid.) ניתני לי מר ספר י׳ teach me the book of records (Chronicles); and elsewhere—5. יִחוּס. ↗ original
יוֹכֶבֶד (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a female person Jochebed, the mother of Moses and Aaron. Sotah 12ᵃ; Bava Bathra 120ᵃ; Shemoth Rabbah section 1; Bereshith Rabbah section 94; and frequently ↗ original
יוּכְלָא , power, ability. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 4, 13. Targum Numbers 14, 16; and elsewhere; see יְכוּלְתָּא. ↗ original
יוֹכָנִיBar-Yokhani, name of a fabulous bird. Bechoroth 57ᵇ. Yoma 80ᵃ (Munich manuscript 2 בריכני, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 9); Sukkah 5ᵇ top of the page—[Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) Aruch Completum (Kohut) under the word בר (vol. 2, p. 176) refers to Varaghna (Bactrian) ostrich.] ↗ original
יוֹלֵדיוֹלְדִים (Biblical Hebrew; parents. Kethuboth 7, 6 המקללת יוֹלְדָיו בפניו she who curses his (her husband’s) parents in his presence; quoted the same place (ibid.) 72ᵇ יוֹלֵידָיו (an emphatic form), and interpreted במקללת יוֹלֵידָיו בפני מוֹלֵידָיו (see מוֹלֵד) also when she curses his parents before any one of his begotten; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 7, 31ᵇ bottom of the page וולדיו בפני יולדיו, see וָלָד. ↗ original
יוֹלֵדָהthe preceding) a woman in confinement; a mother. Avoth 2, 8 אשרי יוֹלַדְתּוֹ blessed is his mother.—plural יוֹלְדוֹת. Shabbath 32ᵃ נשים מתות י׳ women die in confinement (see לֵידָה); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 5ᵇ top; see יַלְדָּה.—Sotah 1, 5 את הי׳ (not יולדת) the women appearing in the Temple after confinement. ↗ original
יוֹם (Biblical Hebrew) light, day (opposite night); (astronomical) day; in a transferred sense day of life; time. Bereshith Rabbah section 6 הי׳ והגשמים וכ׳ the noise of the moving light (Yoma 20ᵇ קול גלגל חמה) and the rains etc.; Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 9. Bereshith Rabbah the passage cited (referring to Malachi 3, 19) י׳ שהוא מלהט וכ׳ it is the day light which will glow the wicked (compare נַרְתֵּק). Moed Katan 25ᵇ (referring to Amos 8, 9) זה יוֹמוֹ של וכ׳ that means the day of life of Josiah (who was slain in the bloom of manhood). Bereshith Rabbah section 3 (referring to the same place (ibid.) 1, 5) י׳ אחד … ואיזה זה יוה"כ ‘one (distinguished) day’ … that is the Day of Atonement. Chullin 5, 5 (83ᵃ) הי׳ הולך וכ׳ the day follows the night, i.e. the beginning of the night is the beginning of the new day. Taanith 29ᵃ, see זַכַּאי; and very frequently—י׳ טוב (abbr. יו"ט) Holy Day; festival. Rosh Hashanah 4, 1; and frequently—Yoma 7, 4 ויו"ט היה וכ׳ and the Highpriest gave a festival to his friends; and frequently—Yom Tob, name of a treatise of the Tosefta (see בֵּיצָה).—י׳ הכפורים (abbr. יו"כ, יה"כ) Day of Atonement. Yoma 1, 1; and very frequently—בֶּן יוֹמוֹ of the same day, not quite one day old, used on the same day. Shabbath 151ᵇ. Bava Kamma 65ᵇ; and frequently—Tanchuma Kor. 3; edition Buber edition 6; Bamidbar Rabbah section 18 תינוקות בְּנֵי יוֹמָן (not בן) children just born; and frequently—Dualיוֹמַיִם. Mechilta Mishpatim, N’zikin, section 7; Bava Kamma 90ᵃ ישנו בדין יום או י׳ comes under the law of ‘one or two days’ (Exodus 21, 21) ; Bava Bathra 50ᵃ.—Mechilta the passage cited יום שהוא כי׳ וי׳ שהוא כיום a time which counts like two days, and two days which count like a day, which is twenty four hours (from the time of the accident, including part of this and part of the next day).—Sanhedrin 65ᵇ מה יום מיומים (Munich manuscript a. Rashi מה היום וכ׳) what difference is there between to-day (Sabbath) and the next day?; Bereshith Rabbah section 11; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 918; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 617.—plural יָמִים; construct state יְמֵי, יְמוֹת. Eruvin 3, 6 לשני י׳ for both days. Zevachim 5, 7 לשני י׳ during two days and one night. Pesachim 52ᵃ, and frequently שני י׳ טובים של גליות, see גָּלוּת. Taanith 4, 8 לא היו י׳ ט׳ וכ׳ Israel had no days as merry as etc.; and frequently—Avoth 1, 17, and frequently כל יָמַי all my lifetime.—Esp. יְמוֹתseason, period of. י׳ הגשמים, see גֶּשֶׁם I.—י׳ החמה a) summer season. Tohoroth 6, 7; and frequently—b) the solar year. Bereshith Rabbah section 33, end; and frequently—י׳ הלבנה the lunar year. the same place (ibid.); and frequently—י׳ בגרות, י׳ נערות, see בַּגְרוּת etc. ↗ original
יוֹם ² Targum Genesis 1, 5. the same place (ibid.) 39, 11; and frequently—Targum Proverbs 12, 16 בר יוֹמֵיה (edition Vilna edition incorr. כד) on the same day, at once.—Kiddushin 39ᵇ דעבדין ליה י׳ טב וי׳ ביש they prepare for him (the righteous man) a good day, and (for the bad man) a bad day (see Rashi a. Tosafoth ad loc. (on the passage)).—Shabbath 134ᵃ; Chullin 60ᵃ top להדי י׳ towards the sunlight. the same place (ibid.) י׳ דחד וכ׳ the sun which is only one of the ministering powers etc. Kethuboth 106ᵃ וכסי ליה לי׳ and obscured the sun.—Yevamoth 72ᵃ י׳ דעיבא a cloudy day; י׳ דשותא a day when a southern wind blows. Eruvin 40ᵇ במעלי י׳ דריש וכ׳ on the eve of the New Year’s day.—Rosh Hashanah 21ᵃ י׳ רבה the Great Day, Day of Atonement (also only יומא, see below); and very frequently—בַּר י׳, בַּת י׳of the same day, one day old, used the same day. Betzah 4ᵇ, see בֵּיעָא. Chullin 58ᵇ, see בַּקָּא.—Shabbath 134ᵃ גבינה בת י׳ fresh-made cheese. Avodah Zarah 67ᵇ, and frequently קדירה בת י׳ a pot used the same day.—Shabbath 49ᵇ bottom of the page ההוא מרבנן בר יוֹמֵיה (omitted in Munich manuscript) a student that had just come to college; [other opinion: allusion to R. Idi, dubbed בר בי רב דחד י׳ the one day’s student of the college, Chagigah 5ᵇ].—י׳ חרא, יום מחרא, י׳ מחרן, see next word—plural יוֹמִין, יוֹמַיָּא, יוֹמֵי. Targum Genesis 8, 10. Targum Esther 1, 2; and very frequently—Betzah 4ᵇ עבדינן תרי י׳ we observe two days (as Holy Days). Eruvin 65ᵃ השתא … י׳ דאריכי וכ׳ soon will come the days which are long (of duration) and short (of action), when we shall sleep much; and very frequently—יוֹמָא (sub רבה, see above) Yoma, name of a treatise of the Mishnah, Tosefta (where it is named יום כפורים), Talmud Babli a. Y’rushalmi. Yoma 14ᵇ סדר י׳ the treatise on the order of exercises of the Day of Atonement.—5. יוֹמָנָא, יְמָמָא. ↗ original
יוֹמָנָא (contracted of יוֹמָא דְנָא) this day, this life. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 27, 1.—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 26, 17 (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 יומא דין); the same place (ibid.) 18. Targum Proverbs 7, 14. [the same place (ibid.) see 20 וליומנא וועידא manuscript, edition וליומא דעידא.] Targum Psalms 23, 6 נגדא די׳ (Hebrew text ארך ימים). ↗ original
יָוֵן יון to be thick, dark, thickness, טיט הי׳thick, heavy clay, opposite to טיט טופח (see טָפַח 2). Mikvaoth 9, 2. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 6 (7), 12; 13 אם היה טיט (ה)י׳ וחיברו if it was a thick massive clay and he attached it.—Denom. יְוֵנִי masculine muddy, thick. Mikvaoth the passage cited, see גֵּץ 2. ↗ original
יָוָן (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Javan, son of Japheth, progenitor of the Grecian tribes, in gen. Greek, Greece;מלכות) Greek (Syrian) Government. Targum Genesis 10, 2; and elsewhere—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 15, 12.—Bereshith Rabbah section 44 (referring to איל משלש, Genesis 15, 9) זו י׳ this alludes to the Greek government (founded by Alexander the Great). the same place (ibid.) כל רוחות כבשו בני י׳ וכ׳ in all directions did the Greeks conquer, except in the East. Esther Rabbah introduction בבקרה של י׳ when Greece (Syria) is in the ascendancy, see בֹּקֶר; and frequently—Denom. יְוָנִי, יְוָנָאָה. ↗ original
יְוָנָאָה —plural יְוָנָאֵי. Targum I Samuel 2, 4 (edition Lagarde edition יְוָונֵי, edition Vilna edition מַקְדּוּנָאֵי). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 32, 24 (edition Amsterdam edition יוֹוָ׳, edition Vienna edition יוֹנָ׳; correct accordingly). ↗ original
יוֹנָה 1 (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Jonah, the prophet. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 10, beginning 26ᵃ; Babylonian Eruvin 96ᵃ. Sanhedrin 89ᵃ, sq Bereshith Rabbah section 21; and frequently name of several Amoraim. a) R. J. father of R. Mana. Taanith 23ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 4, 35ᵃ bottom of the page; and very frequently—b) R. J. of Bozra. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, beginning 31ᵈ; and frequently—[Chullin 43ᵇ י׳ אמר ר׳ זירא Jonah said in behalf of R. Z.; other opinion: as to the gullet of a dove, etc., see next word] ↗ original
יוֹנָה 2 (Biblical Hebrew) dove. Chullin 6ᵃ דמות י׳ וכ׳ the effigy of a dove was found on Mount Gerizim which they (the Samaritans) worshipped. Bereshith Rabbah section 39 הי׳ הזו בשעה שהיא פורחת וכ׳ the dove when flying and tired, flaps one wing and flies with the other. Bereshith Rabbah section 44 (explained גוזל, Genesis 15, 9) בר י׳ a young dove, (see below, a. Targum Genesis the passage cited).—בֶּן י׳, plural בְּנֵי י׳pigeons. Chullin 1, 5 כשר בתורין פסול בבני י׳ what is fit for offering in doves (large size), is a defect in pigeons; and frequently—[Shabbath 129ᵃ פתורא דיונה, see יוֹנָס.].—plural יוֹנִים, יוֹנִין. Sanhedrin 3, 3 מפריחי י׳ those who let doves fly (betting on them), see יוֹנְתָא. Bava Bathra 5, 3, see שׁוֹבָךְ. the same place (ibid.) 79ᵃ; and elsewhere ↗ original
יְוָנִי (יָוָן) Grecian, Greek. Bava Kamma 82ᵇ חָכְמַת י׳ the principle of Greek culture (philosophy, ethics, religion etc.). the same place (ibid.) 83ᵃ לשון י׳ Greek language, distinguished frequently חכמת י׳. Megillah 9ᵃ התירו יונית permitted the use of a Greek translation. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 71ᶜ top, see בָּדָא; and frequently—5. לָשׁוֹן.—plural יְוָנִים, יְוָו׳Greeks (mostly of the Syrian government). Megillah 11ᵃ בימי י׳ in the days of the Greeks (of Antiochus Epiphanes and successors); Esther Rabbah, beginning טרקווינוס (correct accordingly). ↗ original
יוֹנֵקchild.—plural יוֹנְקִים. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 4 הי׳ the school children. 5. יָנוּקָא. ↗ original
יוֹנֶקֶתsucker, sprout (of hyssop).—plural יוֹנְקוֹת. Parah 11, 7, see גָּמַל; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 11 (10), 7 (one opinion) י׳ שלא הנצו וכ׳yon’koth are such as have not yet begun to blossom. ↗ original
יוֹנְתָא (יוֹן common gender) Chaldaic (Aramaic) = Hebrew. Targum Genesis 8, 8, and the following Targum Psalms 56, 1; and elsewhere—Sanhedrin 25ᵃ (explained מפריחי יונים, see יוֹנָה 2) אי תקדמיה יוֹנָךְ ליון if thy dove shall overtake the cock-pigeon (thou shalt win etc.). the same place (ibid.) תולה בדעת יוֹנוֹ see דַּעַת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 5, 44ᵈ bottom of the page כמין יון וכ׳ they (the Samaritans) have an image resembling a cock-pigeon to which they offer libations (compare יוֹנָה 2). Sanhedrin 95ᵃ אתא יונה וכ׳ (masc.) a dove came down etc., see טְרַף I.—plural יוֹנִין, יוֹנַיָּא, יוֹנֵי, יוֹנָן, יוֹנָתָא. Targum Isaiah 59, 11. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 5, 7; 11 בני יוניא (O. כני יונה, see יוֹנָה 2). the same place (ibid.) 12, 6 בר יונן (O. יונה). Targum Song of Songs 1, 15.—Berachoth 56ᵃ תזאי תרתי יוני דפרחן I saw (in my dream) two doves fly off. the same place (ibid.)ᵇ תרי יוני. ↗ original
יוֹנָתָן (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Jonathan, J. b. Gershom (Judges 18, 30), a priest of idolatry, supposed to be a descendant of Moses. Bava Bathra 109ᵇ יו׳ Munich manuscript (edition יהו׳). Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 5; Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 34; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᵈ top; and elsewhere J. son of Saul. Avoth 5, 16 אהבת דוד וי׳ the friendship between David and J. Chullin 95ᵇ כי׳ בן וכ׳ like the omen of J. etc. (1 Samuel 14, 8 and the following). Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 8, 6; and elsewhere J. b. Uziel, author of the Chaldaic version of the Prophets (see Zunz, Gottesd. Vortr. p. 66, and the following). Sukkah 28ᵃ; Bava Bathra 134ᵃ. Megillah 3ᵃ תרגיס של נכיאים י׳ וכ׳ the version of the Prophets has been composed by J. b. U. at the dictation of Haggai etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 5, end, 39ᵇ גדול שבהן י׳ ב׳ ע׳ the greatest among the disciples of R. Joh. b. Zaccai, was J. etc. R. J., a Tannai. Sotah 24ᵃ. Pesachim 24ᵃ. Chullin 70ᵇ; and very frequently—[Eruvin 96ᵃ י׳ הקיטוני.]—[Avoth 4, 9, see Frankel Darkhé, p. 147, note.] name of several Amoraim (see Friedman M’bo, p. 99ᵃ, and the following). Gittin 78ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 3, 54ᵇ top of the page Berachoth 18ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 4ᶜ bottom of the page; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 7, 44ᵇ bottom of the page R. J. of Beth Gubrin.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 5, beginning 18ᵈ (Rabbenu Shimshon to Peah 5, 1 quotes R. Johanan); Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 1, 46ᵃ bottom of the page R. J. son of R. Isaac bar Aḥa.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 11, end, 48ᵇ J. b. ʿAkhmai; and elsewhere ↗ original
יוּסְטָא (abbreviated or abbreviation of Justus or Justinus) Yusta, Yusti. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 6, 12 י׳ חייטא Yusta, the tailor. name of several Amoraim. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 6, 23ᶜ bottom of the page ר׳ יוסטי; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 2, beginning 46ᶜ ר׳ יוסטא.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 11, 48ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 5, 55ᵈ bottom of the page יוסטי בר שונם; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 6, 36ᵈ יוסטא בר ש׳. ↗ original
יוּסְטִינָה (compare the preceding; abbreviated or abbreviation of Justinus or Justinianus) Yustinah, Yustini, an Amora. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 9, 32ᵈ bottom of the page (not יוסטתה); Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 8, 16ᵇ יוסטיני. ↗ original
יוֹסֵי (abbreviated or abbreviation of Joseph, interch. with יוֹסֵף, יוֹסָא, יוֹסָה, יַסָּא, יַסָּה, אַסִּי, אִיסִי) José name of several Tannaim, especially J. b. Joezer, and J. b. Johanan. Avoth 1, 4, and the following Eduy. 8, 4; and frequently—Bava Bathra 133ᵇ יוסף (Manuscript Hamburg a. R. יוסי).—R. J. hak-Kohen, or only R. J. Avoth 2, 8; 12. Chagigah 14ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 77ᵃ bottom of the page יוסף; and very frequently—R. J. b. Ḥalafta, or only R. J. Bava Kamma 70ᵃ; Tosefta Bava Bathra 2, 10 (see Friedman Darkhé, p. 132). Eruvin 46ᵇ. Maʿǎser Sheni 4, 7; and very frequently (see Friedman the same place (ibid.) p. 164, and the following).—R. J., the Galilean. Zevachim 57ᵃ. Avodah Zarah 3, 5. Tosefta Mikvaoth 7 (8), 11; and frequently (see Friedman the same place (ibid.), p. 125). name of several Amoraim, especially R. J. (in Babli אַסִּי, in Yerushalmi (prefix) also יַסָּא, יוֹסָה). Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᶜ bottom of the page Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 29ᵇ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 1, 19ᶜ; and very frequently—R. J. bar Zabda, mate of R. Jonah. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 7, 50ᶜ bottom of the page Menachoth 70ᵇ; and very frequently יוסי or יוסה a disguise of one of the Divine Names. Sanhedrin 7, 5 (56ᵃ) בכל יום … יכה י׳ את י׳ (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) during the proceedings against the blasphemer the witnesses are requested to make their statements in disguise (see כִּינּוּי), e.g.: “the defendant said, ‘May J. strike J.’ ” (meaning, I curse Jehovah Elohim, J. Zebaoth etc.; compare the same place (ibid.) עד שיברך שם בשם). one J. M’shitha, a repentant Hellenist. Bereshith Rabbah section 65 (some edition יוסף); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 115. ↗ original
יוֹסִינָאJosina. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 4, 75ᵇ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 13, 13ᶜ top; the same place (ibid.) 10, 10ᵈ top of the page Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 5, 1 יוֹסָנָה; Pesikta Rabbati section 5 יוֹסנִי; Bamidbar Rabbah section 13 יוֹסַנְיָה. ↗ original
יוֹסֵף (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Joseph, son of Jacob. Bava Bathra 123ᵃ, see בְּכוֹרָה. Sotah 1, 9. Bereshith Rabbah section 30; and very frequently name of several Tannaim and Amoraim, see יוֹסֵי Shabbath 119ᵃ י׳ מוקיר שבי Joseph, the honorer of the Sabbaths.—the same place (ibid.) 130ᵃ J. Rishba (the fowler).—Bereshith Rabbah section 65, see יוֹסֵי↗ original
יוֹעֶזֶר (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Joezer. Orlah 2, 12 a disciple of Shammai’s school.—Avoth 1, 4; and frequently, see יוֹסֵי name of a plant. Shabbath 14, 3, explained Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 14ᶜ פוליטריכין polytrichon, Maiden-hair; Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 109ᵇ פותנק. ↗ original
יוֹפִיfine build, beauty; propriety Taanith 31ᵃ (the fair maiden said) תנו עיניכם לי׳ edition (Munich manuscript בי׳) put your eyes on (give your choice to) beauty. Sukkah 45ᵇ Munich manuscript (edition in Mishnah, the same place (ibid.) 45ᵃ, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) י׳ לך מזבח thine, altar, is the beauty (of forgiveness). Shemoth Rabbah section 25 אני מראה לך י׳ פנים אל פנים I shall let thee see the beauty of a revelation of face to face (as granted to Moses). Yoma 54ᵇ מוכלל (יָפְיוֹ) יוֹפְיוֹ של וכ׳ the perfection of the beauty (harmony) of the universe. Kiddushin 49ᵇ עשרה קבים י׳ וכ׳ ten measures of beauty have come down to the world, nine of which Jerusalem has taken; Esther Rabbah to 1, 3. Bava Metzia 87ᵃ וחזר י׳ למקומו and (her) beauty came back again; and frequently—Peah 6, 6 י׳ כח, see יָפֶה. ↗ original
יוֹפִיאֵל (the preceding) Yofiël, name of an angel. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 34, 6. ↗ original
יוֹצְאָנִית (יָצָא) loving to go out, restless. Tanchuma Vayishl. 7.—plural יוֹצְאָנִיּוֹת. Bereshith Rabbah section 45. ↗ original
יוֹצֵאת construct state, י׳ החוץ (the preceding) running about, prostitute. Kelim 28, 9; Tosefta Kelim Bava Bathra 5, 14, see חוּץ 2.—plural יוֹצְאוֹת. the same place (ibid.) some edition ↗ original
יוֹצֵרCreator. Vayikra Rabbah section 23, end (referring to Deuteronomy 32, 18) רפו ידיו של י׳ the Creator’s hands become lax (undecided). [the same place (ibid.) תשו ידיו של י׳, read: צַיָּיר.]—Mechilta Bo. section 13; Tanchuma Bo. 7 (referring to Exodus 12, 29) יוֹצרוֹ חלקז He who created it (the night) divided it (exactly into two halves); Bereshith Rabbah section 43. Berachoth 61ᵃ (play on וייצר, Genesis 2, 7, see יְצִירָה) אוי לי מִיּוֹצְרִי אוי לי מִיִּצְרִי woe is to me from (my responsibility to) my Creator, woe to me from (my struggle with) my inclination; and frequently [turner,] potter. Bereshith Rabbah section 55 (referring to Psalms 11, 5) הי׳ הזה וכ׳ the potter when examining his batch, will not try the defective vessels etc. Vayikra Rabbah the passage cited תלמידו של י׳ a potter’s apprentice; and frequently;—plural יוֹצְרִים. Maasroth 3, 7; Sukkah 8ᵇ, and frequently, see סוּכָּה.—Parah 5, 6, see בֵּיצָה.—Vayikra Rabbah the passage cited שגנב ביצת י׳ who stole a lump of potters’ clay; Pesikta Rabbati section 24 שגנב יצרים (correct accordingly). ↗ original
יוצרה , Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 8, end, 11ᵈ, see יְצִירָה 2. ↗ original
יוֹקֶר (יָקַר) [weight, importance,] high price (opposite זול); dearth, scarcity. Maʿǎser Sheni 4, 1 מקום י׳ where fruits are dear; Bava Metzia 73ᵃ. Shabbath 32ᵇ והי׳ הוה and scarcity is permanent. Yerushalmi (prefix) Horayoth 3, 48ᶜ top יין בי׳ wine is dear; and frequently nobility, aristocracy. Sotah 9, 15, and elsewhere; see אָמַר 2. ↗ original
יוֹקְרָאhigh price. Targum Job 28, 17. weight. Menachoth 94ᵇ אגב י׳ דלחם on account of the heavy pressure of the bread. feeling of heaviness; י׳ דְלִבָּא asthma. Shabbath 140ᵃ ↗ original
יוֹרֶדֶת (יָרַד) rivulet (compare מוֹרָד). Tosefta Parah 9 (8), 2 י׳ הצלמון the rivulet coming down from Mount Zalmon. ↗ original
יוֹרֶה 1a soaking rain, early rain. Sifré Deuteronomy 42 (referring to Deuteronomy 11, 14) י׳ במרחשון וכ׳yoreh (early rain) is the rain of Marḥeshvan, the late rain (malkosh) in Nisan; Taanith 5ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) (referring to Mishnah the same place (ibid.) 1, 2) י׳ בניסן וכ׳ is the yoreh in Nisan? is it not in Marḥeshvan? the same place (ibid.) 6ᵃ; and elsewhere—Transferred early season, spring. Tanchuma Ḥayé 6 (referring to Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 11, 6) אם זרעת בי׳ וכ׳ if thou hast sown in the spring etc.; compare בַּכִּיר.— ↗ original
יוֹרֶה 2 (denominative of אוּר, compare Syriac (Peshitta) אירא Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 167) boiler, kettle. Chullin 108ᵃ י׳ של חלב a kettle of milk. the same place (ibid.) 108ᵇ י׳ רותחת a boiling kettle. Avodah Zarah 76ᵃ י׳ קטנה בתוך י׳ גדולה put a small boiler into a large one filled with water, see גָּעַל; and frequently—Esp. the dyer’s kettle, dye. Bava Kamma 99ᵃ top הקדיחו י׳ (Manuscript Hamburg הקדיחתו) the dye burnt it (the wool); the same place (ibid.) 9, 4 (100ᵇ) הקדיחתו י׳ (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 30); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 9, 6ᵈ bottom of the page הקדיחה י׳.—Chagigah 15ᵇ (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) כל עמר דנחית לי׳ סליק does the wool that goes into the kettle always come out sound?, i.e. does every student of mystic philosophy escape death or scepticism?—Shabbath 1, 6; and elsewhere—plural יוֹרוֹת; י׳ הערבייםimprovised fire places of the Arabs, a cavity in the ground laid out with clay. Kelim 5, 10 (edition Dehr. יוֹרַת). Menachoth 5, 9 (63ᵃ). ↗ original
יורית , Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 133 Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) Aruch Completum (Kohut), see יְרִיָּיה↗ original
יורכין , Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 34, 6, read: יוֹהֲרִין (compare Targum Esther 1, 4); see יוֹהֲרָא↗ original
יורם , Targum Proverbs 18, 11 some edition, read ירום, see רוּם.—the same place (ibid.) 23, 29 יורם קנצן עינוי edition Lagarde edition, manuscript variant reading יודמקנען, יודענען, a corruption of סומקנות עיינין, see סוּמְקָנוּתָא. ↗ original
יוֹרֵשׁheir, successor, heir-at-law. Bava Bathra 9, 2 אם אין שם י׳ וכ׳ if there is no other heir besides. the same place (ibid.) 139ᵃ שויוה רבנן כי׳ … כלוקח the Rabbis gave him the privileges of an heir (to his wife’s property) and those of a purchaser; and very frequently—plural יוֹרְשִׁים, יוֹרְשִׁין. the same place (ibid.) 140ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) 9, 9 יוֹרְשֵׁי האשה וכ׳ the wife’s heirs-at-law claim that the husband died first; and very frequently—Fem. יוֹרֶשֶׁת, pl. יוֹרְשׁוֹת. the same place (ibid.) 119ᵃ יודע … י׳ הן Moses knew that the daughters of Z. were legal heirs. ↗ original
יוֹשֶׁן (יָשָׁן) former condition, original usage (compare אֵיתָן). Sanhedrin 19ᵃ החזיר … הדבר ליוֹשְׁנוֹ restored the usage to its original state; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 20ᵃ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 3, 6ᵇ חזרו הדברים ליוֹשְׁנָן; Kethuboth 8ᵇ החזירו הדבר ליוֹשְׁנוֹ (not ליושנה). Kiddushin 66ᵃ עד שבא … והחזיר את התורה ליוֹשְׁנָהּ until Simon b. Sh. came and restored the Law to its former authority. Yoma 69ᵇ, see עֲטָרָה; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 7, 11ᶜ; and elsewhere ↗ original
יוֹשֶׁרstraightness, equity. Ruth Rabbah introduction במדת י׳ in equity, see יַשְׁרוּת. ↗ original
יוֹתֵרmuch; (followed by מ־, or מ־ implied) more. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 7ᵈ top בן תורה י׳ ממני a greater scholar than I am. Kethuboth 86ᵃ, and elsewhere י׳ ממה שהאיש וכ׳ more than man desires to marry, does woman desire to be married. Pesachim 112ᵃ י׳ ממה שהעגל וכ׳ more auxious than the calf is to suck, is the cow to nurse, i.e. the teacher is more anxious to teach than the pupil to learn. Moed Katan 27ᵇ י׳ מדאי more than enough, י׳ מכשיעור more than the proper measure, too much; and very frequently—בי׳ a) in a higher degree, especially. Sifré Deuteronomy 31 עלינו הוחל שמו בי׳ upon us especially has His name been made to rest. Vayikra Rabbah section 14 ובי׳ אם היה זכר and especially so when it is a male; and elsewhere—b) for a higher price, above market value. Nedarim 3, 11; and elsewhere—5. יֶתֶר. ↗ original
יוֹתִר Targum Ruth 1, 13. the same place (ibid.) 3, 12 (edition Lagarde edition יָתֵר). ↗ original
יוּתְרָן = Hebrew יִתְרוֹן, advantage, profit. Targum Proverbs 28, 3 (edition Vilna edition יִתְרָן). the same place (ibid.) 14, 23. the same place (ibid.) 21, 5. ↗ original
יוֹתֶרֶתthe large lobe of the liver. Sifra Vayikra, N’dabah, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 17, Parah 14; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 462; and elsewhere an additional limb or lobe, see יְתֶרֶת. ↗ original
יְזוּפְתָּא (יְזַף) a loan. Moed Katan 28ᵇ (Munich manuscript יְזִפְ׳, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note); see אַוְורָא. ↗ original
יָזַן , Pi. יִוֵּן (denominative of זַן) to supply with all kinds and assort.—participle passive feminine מְיוּזֵּנֶתwell supplied and assorted. Gittin 67ᵃ, see חָנוּת. ↗ original
*יָזַף (see זוּף) [to join; compare לָוָה,] to borrow. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הוֹזִיףto lend. Sotah 48ᵇ המוֹזִיף Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (not found in edition), see טוּלְמָא I. ↗ original
יִזַףto borrow. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 15, 6; the same place (ibid.) 28, 12 תְזִיף (some edition תְזוּף); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) למֵיזוֹף.—participle יָזֵיף. Targum 2 Kings 4, 1 (edition Lagarde edition מוֹזִיףAf.).—Bava Metzia 64ᵃ כי יְזִיף וכ׳ if this man shall borrow money of thee. Kiddushin 20ᵃ ולא נֵיזִיף וכ׳ (some edition נוֹזִיף, see below) rather than borrow on interest. Eruvin 65ᵃ הוה י׳ ופרע Munich manuscript (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) borrowed and paid off (made up by night for neglect of study by day). Taanith 12ᵇ לֵיזוֹף מר וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition לוֹזִיף) borrow and pay back (postpone your fast for another day); and frequently to lend. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 15, 2 דְּיִזּוֹף ב־.—Shabbath 119ᵃ מאן דיזיף שבתא וכ׳ (Munich manuscript לשב׳, Buxt. דיוֹזִיף) him who lends to the Sabbath (incurring an additional expense in honoring the Sabbath), the Sabbath will repay; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 16; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 356. Af'el הִפְעִיל אוֹזִיףto borrow. Targum Psalms 37, 21.—Bava Bathra 32ᵇ הדרת אוֹזַפְתִּינְהוּ מינאי (Rashb. הדר יזפתינהו, Munich manuscript שקלתינהו) thou hast borrowed it again of me. Bava Metzia 63ᵇ האי מאן דאו׳ וכ׳ (Manuscript Hamburg דיזיף) if one borrowed etc. Kiddushin 20ᵃ; Taanith 12ᵇ, see above.—Echah Rabbah to 1, 2 אוֹזְפִיתוּן, see חוֹבָא.—Vayikra Rabbah section 3 beginning דיוֹזִיף וכ׳ some edition he who borrows on interests. to lend. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 15, 6. the same place (ibid.) 8 אוֹזָפָא תּוֹזְפִינֵּיה (Yerushalmi (prefix) מוּזְפָא תּוּז׳). the same place (ibid.) 28, 12; and elsewhere—Targum Proverbs 19, 17 נְיוֹזִיף manuscript (edition נְזִיף).—Bechoroth 8ᵇ גברא דאו׳ וטרף דהדר מוֹזִיף … he who once lent money and had to resort to seizing (see טְרַף I), why does he lend again?; and elsewhere ↗ original
יָזֵקYazek, name of a Babylonian river or channel. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 4, 65ᵈ top; Babylonian Kiddushin 71ᵇ עָזֵק; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 1, 3ᵇ top זרוק. בית י׳, see יַעֲזֵק↗ original
יָחַד , Pi. יִחֵד, יִיחֵד (Biblical Hebrew; see אֶחָד) to unite, concentrate. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 7ᵈ bottom of the page ותְיַיחֵד לבבינו וכ׳ and concentrate our hearts (inclinations) to fear thy Name. (with על) to confer a distinction, name etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 68 אברהם י׳ … שמו עליו on Abraham did the Lord confer His Name (Genesis 26, 24, and elsewhere). the same place (ibid.) ידע שהקב"ה מְיַחֵד שמו עליו he inferred that the Lord would confer His Name upon him (to be called ‘the God of Jacob’). Mechilta Mishpatim section 20 על ישראל י׳ שמו ביותר (although the Lord of the universe) He conferred His Name particularly on Israel (see יוֹתֵר); and frequently to declare the unity of God, to recite Sh’ma (Deuteronomy 6, 4). Bereshith Rabbah section 20 אנו … ומְיַחֲדִים שמו וכ׳ we trust in Him and profess His unity etc. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 16 ואני מְיַחֶדֶת שמו וכ׳ and I (Israel) profess the unity of His name twice every day, (saying) Hear, O Israel etc.; and frequently to single out, select, designate. Sanhedrin 57ᵃ שיי׳ שפחה לעבדו who designated a handmaid (as a wife) for his slave. Vayikra Rabbah section 12 ויי׳ אליו הדבור וכ׳ addressed the command to him exclusively (Leviticus 10, 8); and elsewhere—Yoma 11ᵇ (referring to Leviticus 14, 35) מי שמְיַיחֵד ביתו לו וכ׳ he who devotes his household exclusively to himself, and is unwilling to lend his vessels etc.; Arachin 16ᵃ שמיוחד (see below); Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 564.—5) to leave persons alone in a special room, to arrange a private meeting for. Kethuboth 12ᵃ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 4; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 25ᵃ bottom of the page היו מְיַיחֲדִין וכ׳ they used to leave bride and groom in a private room alone for a while.—participle pass. מְיוּחָד, feminine מְיוּחֶדֶת; plural מְיוּחָדִים, מְיוּחָדִין, מְיוּחָדוֹת a) especial, particular, designated; chosen, distinguished (see יָחִיד). Sanhedrin 60ᵃ, and elsewhere שם המי׳ the proper Name of the Lord (Jehovah).—Yoma 11ᵃ ביתך ביתך המי׳ לך ‘thy house’ (Deuteronomy 6, 9; 11, 20), thy house which is designated for thy personal use. the same place (ibid.)ᵇ מה בית מ׳ לדירה bayith means a room designated for a dwelling, יצאו אלו שאינן מי׳ לדירה to the exclusion of those rooms (gate lodge etc.) which are not designated for dwellings. Arachin the passage cited מי׳ לו devoted to his own exclusive use, see above; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 99, end (referring to כאחד, Genesis 49, 16) כמי׳ שבשבטים like the most distinguished among the tribes. Yevamoth 62ᵃ אני שמ׳ לדבור בכל וכ׳ I (Moses) who am singled out (must be prepared) for divine communication every hour; Aboth dRabbi Nathan, 2 Vers., Chaldaic (Aramaic) 2 (edition Schechter, p. 10) שאני כלי מי׳ who am a special vessel (of revelation). Meïl. 15ᵃ קדשים המי׳ לה׳ sanctified things which are exclusively dedicated to the Lord; Sifra Vayikra, Ḥobah, Parah 11, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 20.—the same place (ibid.) Sh’mini, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 2, Parah 2 כבשים ועזים המי׳ lambs and goats which are specified (Deuteronomy 14, 4); and frequently—b) locked up with. Bamidbar Rabbah section 9 בזמן שהאשה מי׳ עם וכ׳ when a wife is locked up with her husband. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְיַיחֵד, , Nithpa. נִתְיַיחֵדto be conferred (with על); to be especially addressed (with אל). Shemoth Rabbah section 7 היה ראוי … להִתְיַיחֵד עליו וכ׳ the divine communication was to bear his name alone. Vayikra Rabbah section 12 נתי׳ אליו הדבור the divine communication was addressed to him especially; and elsewhere to be alone with, to be closeted with. Kiddushin 4, 12 לא יִתְיַיחֵד אדם וכ׳ a man must not be alone (even) with two women, but one woman מִתְיַיחֶדֶת וכ׳ may be alone with two men. Avodah Zarah 2, 1. Tosefta Gittin 7 (5), 4; and frequently—5. יִחוּד. ↗ original
יְחַד , Pa. יַחֵד Chaldaic (Aramaic) same, to concentrate. Targum Psalms 86, 11.—participle pass. מְיַחַדunited, harmonious. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 19, 2 (compare הוֹמוֹנְיָא). to specify, single out, designate. Makkoth 18ᵃ ליַחוּדֵי לאוי וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition לי׳ להו) to forbid each of these acts singly (as if each were prohibited by a special prohibitory law, see לַאו).—participle pass. מְיָחַד = Hebrew מְיוּחָד (see the preceding). Targum Onkelos Genesis 26, 10 דמְיָ׳ בעמא edition Berlin edition (other edition מְיָחֵיד; Yerushalmi (prefix) מלכא דמֵיחַד) a distinguished person of the people. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 15, 20; 22 מְיַיחֵד designated; and elsewhere Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְיַיחֵד , contracted אִיַּיחֵדto be joined; to be locked up. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 49, 6. Targum Job. 3, 6.—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 31, 50.—Sanhedrin 37ᵃ שרי לִיַּיחוּדֵי וכ׳ is permitted to be closeted up with her husband. ↗ original
יִחוּד (the preceding words) private meeting, especially privacy between man and woman. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 11, beginning 34ᵃ דברים של יי׳ private attendance, e.g. assistance at washing and ointing. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 1, 16ᶜ top אין זה י׳ this is no ascertained private meeting (with her former husband, on account of which a second letter of divorce would be required). Sanhedrin 21ᵃ, and the following גזרו על הי׳ ועל וכ׳ they forbade privacy (with a married woman) and with a single woman. the same place (ibid.) י׳ דאורייתא הוא is not privacy with a married woman biblically interdicted?—Kiddushin 81ᵃ מלקין על הי׳ … משום הי׳ we punish private meetings between a man and a woman, but we do not prohibit the wife to her husband on account of her private meeting with a man. the same place (ibid.) בעלה בעיר אין חוששין משום י׳ if her husband is in town, we do not consider her private meeting with a man a suspicious act; and frequently—בְּיִ׳ a) privately. Betzah 22ᵇ; Pesachim 37ᵃ שאילית את רבי בי׳ I asked my teacher privately.—b) particularly, exactly; by a special sign. Shekalim 6, 2; Yoma 54ᵃ (later Hebr.) י׳ השםdeclaration of the unity of God. Psikta Zutrathi, ed. Buber, Nitsabim, end.—[Bereshith Rabbah section 99, end כיחודו של עולם, read: כיחידוֹ, see יָחִיד.] ↗ original
יִחוּד ² , especially profession of the unity of God, Jewish religion. Targum Lamentations 3, 28. Targum Song of Songs 8, 9 למקני י׳ וכ׳ to buy the permission to profess the Jewish religion. ↗ original
יִחוּל (יָחַל) hope. Berachoth 16ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, 7ᵈ bottom of the page ונמצא י׳ לבבינו that we may obtain what our heart longs for. ↗ original
יִחוּס (יָחַס) genealogy, pedigree (see יוֹחָס). Bamidbar Rabbah section 13 לכן הוא מונה שם יִחוּסָם therefore the Scripture records there (Exodus 6, 14 and the following) their genealogy; and elsewhere—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 8, 49ᶜ bottom of the page יי׳ כהונה, see זִיהוּם.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 2, 4ᵃ top, see יַחַס.]—plural יִחוּסִים, יִחוּסִין, יִי׳. Bamidbar Rabbah the passage cited שמרו יִחוּסֵיהֶם they preserved their genealogical records; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 7. Bereshith Rabbah section 37 הראשונים … יִיחוּסֵיהֶם וכ׳ as regards former generations whose genealogies were known, their names were published in connection with historical events; אנו יִיחוּסֵינוּ וכ׳ … but with us who do not know our records, our names are defined by those of our fathers; (Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 62 יִחוּסֵהֶן, יִחוּסֵנוּ singular); Yalkut Shimoni Chronicles 1074. ↗ original
יֵחוּס ; also family (gens). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 5, 1. the same place (ibid.) 24, 38; 40, and the following the same place (ibid.) 43, 7; and elsewhere—Kiddushin 71ᵇ שתיקותיה דבבל היינו יי׳ (see marginal version) silence of a Babylonian (in case of an offered insult) is a sign of good descent; see יַחֲסוּתָא.—plural יֵחוּסִין, יֵחוּסַיָּא, יֵי׳. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 6, 9. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 6, 14. Targum Job. 31, 34 manuscript variant reading (edition גְּנִיסָתָא). ↗ original
יִחוּף (יָחַף) bare-footedness, homelessness. Yoma 77ᵃ (referring to Jeremiah 2, 25) מנעי … לידי י׳ keep off from sin, in order that thy foot may not be reduced to bareness (exile); Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 266 לידי יַחַף. ↗ original
יָחוֹפָה (the preceding) bare-footed, homeless. Echah Rabbah to 1, 7 כד י׳ ברא וכ׳ (some edition יְחֵיפָה) when the son is homeless (foot-sore), he remembers the comforts of his paternal home. ↗ original
יִחוּר (יחר, compare אחר, a. חֲלִיפִין) a young shoot, especially of a fig-tree. Kilayim 1, 8. ʿUktsin 3, 8; Chullin 128ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 2, 49ᵈ top כיי׳ שהוא נוטה וכ׳ like a shoot (of a fig-tree) hanging over into a court (referring to Mishnah Maasroth 3, 10); and elsewhere—plural יִחוּרִים, יִי׳. Bereshith Rabbah section 31, end … הכניס עמו י׳ לתאנים he (Noah) took with him … shoots for the preservation of fig-trees; the same place (ibid.) section 36 י׳ של תאנה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 6, 5ᵇ bottom of the page יִיחוּרֵי תאנים; Babylonian Bava Kamma 59ᵃ יִח׳. ↗ original
יְחֶזְקֵאל (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Ezekiel, the prophet. Sanhedrin 39ᵃ, see יָסַר. Chagigah 13ᵇ למה י׳ דומה לבן וכ׳ to whom is Ezekiel to be compared? To a villager that saw the king; and frequently—ספר י׳ the Book of Ezekiel. the same place (ibid.)ᵃ; Shabbath 13ᵇ, see גָּנַז; Menachoth 45ᵃ; and elsewhere Ezekiel, the father of R. Judah, see יְהוּדָה. Kiddushin 70ᵃ ↗ original
יָחַט (compare חטא); Hif'il הוֹחִיט to fail, miscarry. Ylamdenu to Bereshith, (quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word מחט) לא היתה … מוֹחֶטֶת none of them miscarried. ↗ original
יְחַט (the preceding) abortion. Targum Isaiah 14, 19 כיחט edition Lagarde edition (other edition כי חט, correct accordingly; variant reading כיהט).—plural יַחְטַיָּיה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Niddah 3, 51ᵃ אילין להטייה וכ׳ (correct accordingly) the abortions come out first. ↗ original
יַחֲטָא (the preceding words) searcher of sin, accuser. Targum Zechariah 3, 1; the same place (ibid.) 2 (edition Lagarde edition חטא, see the same place (ibid.) p. 423), see חֲטָאָה. ↗ original
יְחִי (compare חיי), Af'el אוֹחִי to hurry, press on. Targum Exodus 10, 16. Targum Esther 6, 10. Targum Onkelos Genesis 18, 6 אוֹחָאִי edition Berlin edition (edition אוֹחִי, Yerushalmi (prefix) אוֹחָא). Targum Exodus 12, 33. לאוֹחָאָה; and frequently—participle מוֹחִי, מַוְוחֵי; feminine מוֹחֲיָיא. Targum Proverbs 22, 29 (edition Vilna edition מַוְהֵי). Targum Zephaniah, Book of 3, 1; and frequently ↗ original
יָחִידonly, single, individual. Bereshith Rabbah section 99, end (referring to כאחד, Genesis 49, 16) כִּיחִידוֹ של וכ׳ (not כיחודו) like the Only One of the world, as He needs no help etc.; the same place (ibid.) section 21 (referring to כאחד, the same place (ibid.) 3, 22). the same place (ibid.) section 55 זה י׳ לאמו וכ׳ this one (Ishmael) is the only son of his mother, and the other (Isaac) is etc.—Taanith 9ᵃ בשביל י׳ for an individual’s sake, opposite רבים. Berachoth 9ᵃ, and frequently י׳ ורבים הלכה וכ׳ where a single opinion is opposed to the opinion of more than one, the law follows the latter. Betzah 5, 5 בור של י׳ a well belonging to an individual. Eruvin 46ᵃ י׳ במקום י׳ an individual opinion opposed to an individual opinion; and very frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 7, 31ᵇ bottom of the page בְּיָ׳ (= בְּיִחוּד) privately.—plural יְחִידִים, יְחִידִין. Rosh Hashanah 17ᵇ כי׳ דמי are to be considered as individuals (in prayer); and frequently—Fem.יְחִידָה. Bamidbar Rabbah section 12 בת י׳ an only daughter; and frequently—Devarim Rabbah section 2, end מה הקב"ה … כך הנפש י׳ בגוף as the Lord is matchless in his world, so is the soul in the body; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 103; Bereshith Rabbah section 14, end שכל האברים … והיא י׳ בגוף all limbs are paired, but she (the soul) is unmatched in the body.—As a noun (Biblical Hebrew) יְחִידָהsoul. the same place (ibid.) Devarim Rabbah the passage cited; and elsewhere select, especially one devoted to a particularly scrupulous life. Taanith 10ᵇ איזהו י׳ who is called a yaḥid? Ans. י׳ כל שראוי וכ׳ whoever is worthy to be appointed manager of a community. the same place (ibid.) אל יאמר אדם … להיות י׳ one must not say, I am only a student, I am not fit to lead the life of a yaḥid (it would be an assumption, see יוֹהֲרָא); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 7 (see variant reading in edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) a. Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim to Taanith the passage cited); Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, end, 5ᵈ כל דבר של צער … י׳ עושה in all matters of self-abnegation, whoever desires to make himself a yaḥid, may do so.—plural as ab. Taanith 1, 4; and frequently 5. יְחִידִי↗ original
יָחִיד ² Targum Genesis 22, 2. Targum Proverbs 4, 3; and elsewhere—Fem.יְחִידָאָה, יְחִידְתָּא. Targum Judges 11, 34 (edition Lagarde edition יְחִידָא, some edition יְחִידָה).—Nedarim 51ᵃ תספרתא י׳ a particular kind of hair-dressing. ↗ original
יְחִידָאָה feminine, see the preceding—י׳ masculine, see יְחִידִי Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original
יְחִידִי (see the preceding words) singular, single, lonely. Makkoth 23ᵇ בלשון י׳ in the singular number, opposite ל׳ רבים.—Kiddushin 20ᵃ (explained בגפו, Exodus 21, 3) י׳ נכנס וכ׳ single (unmarried) he entered etc. Avoth 3, 4 המהלך בדרך י׳ who travels alone. the same place (ibid.) 4, 8 אל תהי דן י׳ וכ׳ do not hold court as a single judge, for there is only One who judges singly; and frequently—Fem.יְחִידִית. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 2, 28ᵃ bottom of the page גפן י׳ a single (isolated) vine tree. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 4, 44ᵃ top מצבה כל שהיא י׳ it is called matsebah when consisting of one piece (see בִּימוּס); and elsewhere—plural יְחִידִיּוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 5, beginning 29ᵈ בי׳ in the case of isolated vine trees. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 9, 23ᶜ top י׳ isolated tombstones. believer in One God. Esther Rabbah to 2, 5, see יְהוּדִי. ↗ original
יְחִידִי ²lonely; only one. Targum Psalms 25, 16 (edition Lagarde edition יְחִידָאִי).—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 32, 50 (edition Amsterdam edition דָאֵי … incorr.). Targum Job 14, 4 manuscript (edition חד). single authority, opinion of one. Pesachim 103ᵇ לא יחידאה אנא (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) I do not report the opinion of one man. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 6, beginning 44ᵃ אתיא די׳ דהכא כסתמא דתמן וכ׳ the opinion of the single authority here agrees with the anonymous (editorially adopted) one there etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 7, beginning 40ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, 6ᵃ bottom of the page לית אנן … לי׳ we need not consider the opinion of a single authority; and frequently—plural יְחִידָאִין, יְחִידָאֵי, יְחִידָיִין. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 22, 10 (see יָחִיד 2).—Bava Kamma 81ᵇ bottom of the page בי׳ לא אמרינן we do not speak of single authorities. Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 77ᵇ top י׳ single-handed, each for himself, see טְעַן 2. ↗ original
יָחַל see חוּל) to hover around, rest on. Pi'el פִּעֵל יִחֵל, יִי׳ (with (with על) to cause to rest upon. Pesikta Rabbati section 47 מְיַיחֵל אני … כשם שיִיחַלְתִּי וכ׳ I shall cause my Name to rest upon him (Job) as I did upon etc. (Biblical Hebrew; to wait for the turn, to wait, trust; to inspire trust; see יִחוּל. Hof. הֻפְעַל הוּחָלto be made to rest. Sifré Deuteronomy 31, see יוֹתֵר. ↗ original
*יָחַם see חוּם) to be warm, hot; Pi. יִחֵםto heat. Tosefta Shabbath 3 (4), 7 מְיַיחֵם, see חָמַם.—Psikta Zutrathi, ed. Buber (edition Buber edition), Vayetsé 39 ליַחְמֶנָּה to heat it (the flock). the same place (ibid.) 41 לְיַחֵם. ↗ original
יְחַם Targum Onkelos Genesis 18, 1; Targum 2 Samuel 4, 5 מֵיחַם (perh. frequently חֲמַם). Pa'el פִּעֵל יַחֵםto heat. Targum Onkelos Genesis 30, 41 ליָחָמוּתְהֵין edition Berlin edition (edition ליַתֱמוֹתְהֶן; Yerushalmi (prefix) ליַחְמוּתְ׳). Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְיַחַםto be heated, to conceive. the same place (ibid.) 38, and the following ↗ original
יַחְמוּר see Ges. H. Dictionary under the word) yaḥmur, a species of deer, probably fallow-deer. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Eth Korb., p. 57ᵃ (referring to Deuteronomy 14, 4, and the following) וז׳ אינן ברשותך … וי׳ and seven are not in thy possession (must be hunted) as the hart, the roebuck, the fallow-deer etc.; Vayikra Rabbah section 27; and elsewhere ↗ original
יַחְמוּרָא Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 14, 5.—plural יַחְמוּרִין. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) the passage cited—Targum I Kings 5, 3.—Fem.יַחְמוּרְתָּא. Bechoroth 7ᵇ, see חַלָּא. ↗ original
יָחַסto connect, be connected.—Denom. יִחַס. Pi'el פִּעֵל יִחֵס, יִי׳ (denominative of יַחַס) to trace the connection (יַחַס) of events or descent. Megillah 17ᵃ כדי לְיַיחֵס בהן שנותיו וכ׳ (Rashi: להִתְיַיחֵס) in order to trace through them the years of Jacob (in which the principal events of his life occurred); Yevamoth 64ᵃ; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 110. the same place (ibid.); Bereshith Rabbah section 62 (referring to Genesis 25, 12 and the following) מה ראה הכתוב לייחס תולדותיו וכ׳ what reason was there for the Bible to insert here the genealogy of that etc.?—Sanhedrin 82ᵇ בא הכתוב ויִחֲסוֹ the Scripture comes and records his genealogy (Numbers 25, 11). Shabbath 55ᵇ אפשר … והכתוב מְיַחֲסוֹ is it possible that he was a sinner and the Scripture would state his genealogy?; and frequently to nobilize, distinguish, invest with prerogatives. Bamidbar Rabbah section 13 יִיחֲסוֹ הכתוב על שם שבטו the Scripture distinguished him (giving him the privilege of the first offering) for the sake of his tribe (Numbers 7, 12). Bereshith Rabbah section 82 אין מְיַיחֲסִין ליוסף וכ׳ not Joseph is ranked in the records as the first-born; and elsewhere—participle pass. מְיוּחָס, feminine מְיוּחֶסֶת. plural מְיוּחָסִים, מְיוּחָסִין; מְיוּחָסוֹתof traceable genealogy, of legitimate descent; of distinguished birth, well-connected. Horayoth 13ᵃ שזה מי׳ וזה אינו מי׳ for this one (the Israelite) is of legitimate birth, and the other (the bastard) is not. Kiddushin 70ᵇ משפחות מי׳ וכ׳ families in Israel of traceable descent. the same place (ibid.) 71ᵇ האי מי׳ טפי this one (who first ceased quarreling) is of nobler birth; and frequently Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְיַיחֵס, , Nithpa. נִתְיַיחֵסto claim a pedigree. Tosefta Peah 4, 11 היתה מִתְיַיחֶסֶת עם וכ׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading על) claimed to be connected with Arnon, the Jebusite; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 8, 21ᵃ bottom of the page היתה מתי׳ של וכ׳ boasted to be descendants of etc. to be enrolled in genealogical lists, be recorded. Bamidbar Rabbah the passage cited זכו להִתְיַ׳ וכ׳ they were privileged to have their genealogy recorded by the side of Moses. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 1 נ׳ ראש לשלשלת יוחסין (not לשלשת) he was recorded as the starter of a chain of genealogy (I Kings 14, 21). Bereshith Rabbah the passage cited (explained I Chronicles V, 1) לא לראובן להתייחס not to Ruben was genealogical priority to be given; and frequently ↗ original
יְחַס , Pa. ַחֵס same, to nobilize, distinguish. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 25, 13. to trace, to record. Megillah 12ᵇ [read:] אי לְיַחוּסֵיח קאתי לְיַחֲסֵיה וליזיל וכ׳ (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) if the text (Esther 2, 5) were intended to give Mordecai’s genealogy, it ought to trace him back to Benjamin. Yevamoth 62ᵃ יַחְסִינְהוּ בשמייהו וכ׳ he recorded them by their names and those of their fathers etc. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְיָיחַסto be enrolled, recorded. Targum Numbers 1, 18 (Hebrew text ויתילדו). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 21, 12. Targum I Chronicles 5, 1; and elsewhere ↗ original
יַחַסconnection, family relation, see חַיִיס I. Bava Kamma 15ᵃ משום דאין לו י׳ (Munich manuscript חייס) because the slave has no legal relationship. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 2, 4ᵃ top ועבדים יש להם ייחוס (read יַיחַס) have slaves legal pedigrees?—plural יְחָסִים, יְחָסִין. the same place (ibid.) Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 2, 62ᶜ bottom of the page אם הטעה לשבח י׳ if he deceived her inasmuch as he proved of higher birth than he had presented to her. ↗ original
יָחֵף 1 see חָפַף 2) rubbed off, bare, especially bare-footed, foot-sore. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 28ᵇ bot (explained אט I Kings 21, 27) היה מהלך י׳ he walked bare-footed (in penance); Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 5.—Yoma 77ᵃ (referring to 2 Samuel 15, 30) י׳ ממאי וכ׳ ‘bare’ of what?—Does it not mean bare of sandals?; see מְטַרְקָא.—Shabbath 114ᵃ (referring to Isaiah 20, 3) י׳ במנעלים וכ׳ ‘bare’ means in patched shoes; and frequently—plural יְחֵפִים, יְחֵפִין, יְחֵי׳. Bamidbar Rabbah section 5; and frequently—Fem. יְחֵפָה, יְחֵי׳. Ruth. R. to 1, 19; and elsewhere—plural יְחֵיפוֹת. Yalkut Shimoni Ruth 601 (Ruth Rabbah to 1, 7 ביַיחַף); and elsewhere ↗ original
יָחֵף Targum 2 Samuel 15, 30. Targum Isaiah 20, 2, and the following—plural יְחֵיפִין. the same place (ibid.) 4. ↗ original
יָחֵף 2 (the preceding words) to be bare.—Hithpa. הִתְיַיחֵף, Nithpa. נִתְיַי׳to be exposed, to take cold. Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Joh. 2) כדי שלא יִתְיַיחֲפוּ רגליהם that their feet might not be exposed (that they might not take cold); אע"פ כן נִתְיַיחֲפוּ וכ׳ and yet they did take cold. the same place (ibid.) to 1, 16. ↗ original
יְחֵף , to be rubbed, sore, worn out. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 8, 4. Pa'el פִּעֵל יַחֵף , participle passive מְיַחַףsore. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) the same place (ibid.) ↗ original
יַחַף (the preceding words) barefootedness. Ruth Rabbah to 1, 7, see יָחֵף I. Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 266, see יִחוּף. footsoreness. Makhshirin 3, 8 בשעת הי׳ והדיש in the season of footsores (of animals) or of threshing (when moistening the animal’s foot is welcome to the owner); variant reading lect. האף, see אַף 2. ↗ original
יְטַב (compare טוב) to be good, well. Impf. יֵיטַב. Targum Onkelos Genesis 12, 13 edition Berlin edition (edition יוֹטִיב, Yerushalmi (prefix) יֵיטִיב). Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 4, 40 (Yerushalmi (prefix) יוֹטֵיב); and frequently Af'el הִפְעִיל אוֹטִיב, אֵיטִיבsame, see above.—2) to do good, be kind. Targum Genesis 32, 10; and frequently—3) to do a thing well. Targum I Samuel 16, 17 מוֹטִיב לנגנא who plays well. Targum Genesis 6, 7; and elsewhere ↗ original
*יְטוּר 1 (Biblical Hebrew) Ituraea, a district along the base of Mount Hermon. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 3, 6ᵃ bottom of the page אפי׳ לִי׳ יוצא וכ׳ even to Ituraea he must go and reclaim Jewish property. ↗ original
יְטִי (compare מְטָא, נְטָא, see Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 1591), to incline, turn. *. יַטֵּיto adduce, prefer. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 4ᵇ top לית אפשר דלא י׳ מילה it was impossible that he should not have brought on (in his lecture) a word (alluding to the exodus from Egypt); compare Babylonian Berachoth 13ᵇ מהדר רבי אשמעתא וכ׳. [Vers. in Friedman Ahǎb. Zion: יָטִיף; edition Lehm. יַיְתִי, see אֲתָא.] Af'el הִפְעִיל אַיְיטִיto hand, reach over. Bereshith Rabbah section 38 א׳ לי כולבא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word כלב (edition אייתי … קולב׳; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 62 אמטי) hand me a pair of tongs (an axe). Bereshith Rabbah section 15, end דאַיְיטִיאַת וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word ברת (edition אמטיית), see אַלִּיתָא. Koheleth Rabbah to 3, 9 כל … יַיְטֵי ליה מח וכ׳ every one shall bring for himself something whereon to recline. ↗ original
יטסם , Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, 6ᵃ, see טרים ↗ original
יט"תyetath, substitute for מנא (Daniel 5, 25), by permutation of letters called אתב"ש. Sanhedrin 22ᵃ; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 4; see אד"ך. ↗ original
יֳי (abbreviated or abbreviation of the Tetragrammaton) Adonai, the Lord. Targum Psalms 1, 2 (edition Lagarde edition יהוה); and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 28ᵃ top; and frequently (interch. in editions with ה׳). ↗ original
יִי (interjection) O!, oh!, woe! Targum Proverbs 31, 2 edition Lagarde edition (other editions וַי). the same place (ibid.) 4, 4 יֳי some editions (edition Lagarde edition יהוה, correct accordingly). Targum Psalms 49, 7 יי לחיביא manuscript (edition Lagarde edition וַוי, edition Vilna edition omitted). ↗ original
יָילָאhedge-hog, believed to suck and injure the udders of cattle. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 11, 30 יַלָא edition Berlin edition (variant reading יַלָּא, יָלָא; Yerushalmi (prefix) מינקת חויא; Hebrew text אנקה).—plural יָילֵי etc. Shabbath 54ᵇ כי … לימצוה יי׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition יָאלֵי) to prevent hedge-hogs from sucking them. Bava Bathra 4ᵃ top Herod put around Baba’s head כלילא דיי׳ (Munich manuscript דיא׳, see Rabbinovicz S. ad loc. (on the passage) note) a garland made of skins of hedge-hogs which pricked his eyes out. ↗ original
יילעו , Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᵇ bottom of the page כמו יבא עלי יילעו עלי, read: יֵיעוֹל עלי (see עוּל), כמו יבא עלי being a gloss to יי׳ עלי. ↗ original
יֵימַרYemar, an Amora. Chullin 56ᵃ bottom of the page; and frequently ↗ original
יַיִן [thick, fermenting,] wine. Sanhedrin 70ᵃ י׳ חי, see חַי. Sifré Numbers 23 (referring to Numbers 6, 3) י׳ זה מזוג וכ׳yayin means mixed wine, shekhar unmixed. Avodah Zarah 5, 1, and frequently יֵין נסך, see נֶסֶךְ.—Chullin 4ᵇ, and elsewhere סתם יֵינָן, see סְתָם. the same place (ibid.) יינן של נכרים wine prepared or handled by gentiles; and very frequently—plural יֵינוֹת. Tosefta Avodah Zarah 4 (5), 1 and the following Kethuboth 65ᵃ, see פָּסַק; and elsewhere ↗ original
יָינוּבְרִיסJanuarius, name of a legendary Roman general who sacrificed his life to save his country. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 39ᶜ הוה תמן … שמיה י׳ וכ׳ there was there (in Rome) an old man whose name was J., and who had twelve sons. the same place (ibid.) בגין כן … קלנדס י׳ therefore they name it (that day) calendae Januariae. Cmp. יַמְבְּרִיס. ↗ original
יִינוּן = אִינוּן. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 7, 20ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) 8, 21ᵃ top היידן וינון (correct accordingly) what are those?—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 3ᵈ bottom of the page וִינוּן = וְאִינוּן. 5. אִיהוּ a. דִּינוּן.↗ original
יירינון , Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 1, 22ᵇ top שמן וורד ויי׳; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 27 שמן וורד ודנין (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) only שמן וורד), read: ש׳ וו׳ ורוֹדִינוֹן rose-oil and (ῥόδινον, supply (understood word) μύρον) rose-unguent↗ original
יָכוֹל (adjective) masculine, יְכוֹלָה feminine capable, able to sustain, enduring; (verb), impf. יוּכַל, to be capable, able; one can, may; it is possible. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 6 לארי יָכֹלְתִּי … איני י׳ I overpowered the lion, and I should not overpower the dog? the same place (ibid.) שר שלכם לא י׳ … ואתם יְכוֹלִים להם your guardian angel could not stand against their father (Jacob), and (you think) you could master them?—יְכוֹלְנִי = י׳ אני I can. Chagigah 15ᵃ top Munich manuscript (edition יכול אני); Niddah 64ᵇ.—Kethuboth 95ᵃ מפני שי׳ לומר וכ׳ because he may plead etc. the same place (ibid.) יְכוֹלָה היא שתאמר she may plead. the same place (ibid.) 43ᵃ, and elsewhere י׳ הרב לומר וכ׳ the master may (has a right to) say to his slave etc. Berachoth 6ᵃ אין כל בריה י׳ לעמוד וכ׳ no creature could stand up (exist) before the demons. Taanith 30ᵇ ביָכוֹל of an able-bodied person.—Yalkut Shimoni Esther 1048 שמא תוּכַל להשיאה וכ׳ canst thou give her in marriage to both of them?—Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 45 לא יָכְלוּ להתודות וכ׳ they could not confess their sins with their mouth; and very frequently—Esp. יָכוֹל (= יכול אני לומר or י׳ אתה לומר) I (you) might think, argue, conclude. Shabbath 64ᵃ י׳ שאני מרבה וכ׳ from the Bible text (Leviticus 11, 32) I might infer that ropes and cords are included; Sifra Sh’mini Parah 6, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 8; and very frequently—כִּבְיָכוֹל as though it were possible, as it were (referring to an allegorical or anthropomorphous expression with reference to the Lord). Mechilta Bo, Pisḥa, section 14 כל זמן … כ׳ שכינה עמהם whenever Israel is enslaved, the Divine Majesty, as it were, is with them in slavery. the same place (ibid.) כ׳ אמרו ישראל וכ׳ the Israelites said, thou, as it were, hast redeemed thyself. the same place (ibid.) Beshallach, Shirah, section 6 כ׳ כלפי מעלה as if referring to the Lord’s eye. Bava Kamma 79ᵇ, see מַטָּה; and frequently—Chaldaic יְכִיל. ↗ original
יְכוֹלֶתpower, ability. Bamidbar Rabbah section 16 מפני שלא היה לו י׳ להספיק וכ׳ (not להוסיף) because he had no power to sustain him, אין לשון י׳ אלא מזונות the word י׳ refers to sustenance (referring to מכלת, I Kings 5, 25, compare כִּלְכֵּל). ↗ original
יָכַח see כֹּחַ) to be firm, stand, be right.—Denom. נֹכַח. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הוֹכִיהַ [to place opposite,] to admonish, reprove. Berachoth 31ᵃ and the following (referring to I Samuel 1, 14) מכאן … שצריך להוֹכִיחוֹ from here we learn that he who sees in his neighbor something unbecoming, is bound to admonish him; Arachin 16ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) הוֹכִיחוֹ … ויוֹכִיהֶנּוּ if he did admonish him and he did not heed it, he must do it again. the same place (ibid.) … תמיהני שיודע להוכיח I wonder whether there is in this generation one who knows how to admonish; and frequently to prove, to serve as an analogy. Bava Kamma 6ᵃ אש תּוֹכִיחַ let the law concerning incendiary (Exodus 22, 5) be taken as a standard (it being the result of human action); בור תוכיח let the law about a pit (the same place (ibid.) 21, 33) decide (it being stationary). Kiddushin 7ᵃ; and very frequently— to be evidence, to show. Moed Katan 4ᵇ זיבלו מוֹכִיחַ עליו his dung shows what he is about doing; and frequently Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְוַוכֵּחַ, , Nithpa. נִתְוַוכֵּחַto argue, be justified. Vayikra Rabbah section 27 בא הקב"ה לה׳ וכ׳ the Lord came to argue with Israel; the same place (ibid.) כלום אינון יכולין לה׳ עם בוראן can they argue (successfully) with their Creator?; Bamidbar Rabbah section 10, beginning; and frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נוֹכַחsame. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 5, 16 מי יוכל לִיוָּכֵחַ וכ׳ (not לוו׳) who dares to argue with etc. ↗ original
יָלַד see בָּלַט) to bear, bring forth; to beget, see יוֹלֵד. Yevamoth 7, 5 יָלְדָה הימנו בן she had a son from him. the same place (ibid.) י׳ תאכל וכ׳ after she has given birth, she may eat (T’rumah). Sanhedrin 52ᵃ ארור שזו י׳ cursed he who begot this woman. Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 146 והיא ילדה מהם and she was with child from them (the male demons); והיו יוֹלְדוֹת ממנו and they (the female demons) were with child from him (Adam); Bereshith Rabbah section 20 מולידות (correct accordingly, or מוּלָדוֹתHof.). Sotah 11ᵇ בשעה שכורעת לֵילֵד when she kneels down to give birth; and very frequently—participle pass. יָלוּדborn;יְלוּד אשה born of woman, human being. Shabbath 88ᵇ; and frequently—5. יוֹלֵד, יוֹלֵדָה, יוֹלֶדֶת. Nif'al נִפְעַל נוֹלַדto be born, to originate. Betzah 1, 1 ביצה שנוֹלְדָה וכ׳ an egg which was laid on a Holy Day. Bechoroth 2, 3 נ׳ להם מום וכ׳ a permanent blemish appeared on them. the same place (ibid.) 5, 3 כשיִוָּלֵד לו וכ׳ when another blemish shall have appeared. Tosefta Kethuboth 7, 10 [read:] שדרכן לִיוָּלֵד which ordinarily appear; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 7, end, 31ᵈ להִיוָּלֵד. Shabbath 137ᵃ יום הִוָּלְדוֹ his day of birth; and very frequently—Pesikta Rabbati section 15 כל חדש שלא נ׳, see מוֹלָד.—participle נוֹלָד forthcoming, future event, result. Avoth 2, 9 הרואה את הנ׳ he who considers what may result (from his actions); Tamid 32ᵃ. Nedarim 3, 9 הנודר מן היִלּוֹדִים מותר בנוֹלָדִים if one foreswears enjoyment of the yillodim (those born), he is permitted to derive benefits from those born after his vow (see the same place (ibid.) the same place (ibid.) 30ᵇ).—Esp. a) (in festive ritual) nolad, an object which became available for use on a Holy Day. Betzah 2ᵃ אית ליה נ׳ holds to the opinion that nolad is forbidden to be used on the Holy Day, see מוּקְצֶה. Shabbath 29ᵃ מעיקרא כלי … והוה ליה נ׳ ואסור before it was broken, it was a vessel (and not designated for fuel), and now it is a broken vessel and, therefore, is a nolad and must not be used as fuel. Eruvin 46ᵃ top כ"ש דהוו להו נ׳ וכ׳ so much the more they must be considered as nolad etc.; and frequently—b) (in votive law) nolad, a novel incident which changes the aspects of a vow and eventually nullifies it. Nedarim 9, 2 פותחין בנ׳ the court in trying to absolve him may open the questions by pointing out a circumstance since occurred. the same place (ibid.) 3 יש … שהן כנ׳ ואינן כנ׳ there are incidents which are and yet are not like nolad, i.e. incidents which may have been anticipated by the vowing person; and frequently Hif'il הִפְעִיל הוֹלִידto beget. Tosefta Yevamoth 10, 4 מפני שמוֹלִיד because he is capable of begetting children. Shir HaShirim Rabbah beginning את מוצא צדיק מוליד וכ׳ you will find cases of a righteous man having a righteous son etc. Shemoth Rabbah section 1 ולריק ישראל מוֹלִידִים shall Israelites beget in vain?; and very frequently—[Bereshith Rabbah section 20 מולידות, see above. Kethuboth 72ᵇ מולידיו, see יוֹלֵד.] to bear living brood, opposite to laying eggs. Bechoroth 7ᵇ, see יָנַק. Pi'el פִּעֵל יִלֵּד, יִילֵּדto assist in birth, to deliver. Shabbath 18, 3 מְיַלְּדִין את האשה וכ׳ you may deliver a woman on the Sabbath; the same place (ibid.) 129ᵇ מְיַילְּדִים את החיה Munich manuscript (edition מיי׳ את הוולד you may take the child). Avodah Zarah 2, 1 (26ᵃ) לא תְיַלֵּד וכ׳ must not deliver a gentile woman; and frequently to rear. the same place (ibid.) מפני שמְיַלֶּדֶת וכ׳ because she rears a child for idolatry; and elsewhere ↗ original
יְלֵד , to bear; to beget. Targum Genesis 4, 1. the same place (ibid.) 2 למֵילַד. Targum Jeremiah 31, 7 יָלְדָן women giving birth (Hebrew text יֹלֶדֶת). Targum Proverbs 23, 22 יַלְדָּךְ who begot thee. Targum Genesis 17, 19 תְּלִיד; usually תֵּילַד, תֵּלַד. Targum Psalms 22, 32 למֵילַד to create; and very frequently—Bava Bathra 91ᵃ (proverb) בחייך דיַלְדַּת שיתין למה לך דיַלְדַּת Munich manuscript (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) by thy life, the sixty (weaklings) thou begottest, what didst thou beget them for? איכפיל ואוֹלִיד וכ׳ (see below) marry again and beget one as strong as sixty; Yalkut Shimoni Judges 66. Makkoth 17ᵇ דִּילִידָא אימיה כר"ש תֵּילוֹד whose mother soever is with child may she bear a son like Rabbenu Shimshon; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy כל דיַלְדָּה אימה כר"ש תְּלִיד; and very frequently Af'el הִפְעִיל אוֹלֵידto beget, produce. Targum Genesis 4, 18; and frequently—Yevamoth 76ᵃ בר אוֹלוּדֵי capable of begetting; the same place (ibid.) בני אולודי. Eruvin 104ᵃ is it not because דקמוֹלִיד קלא וכל אולודי וכ׳ he produces a sound, and every production of sound is forbidden (on the Sabbath)?; and frequently as the precedingPi. Targum Exodus 1, 16.—Sotah 11ᵇ לאוֹלוּדָהּ to deliver her. Pa'el פִּעֵל יַלֵּדto act as midwife. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 5, 30ᵃ bottom of the page [read:] דמְיַלְּדָא, see חֲכַם. to give birth. Targum Psalms 144, 13. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְיַלַּד,Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְיְלִידto be born, to grow, to come forth. Targum Psalms 78, 6. Targum Genesis 4, 26; and frequently—Shabbath 136ᵃ א׳ ליה וכ׳ a child was born to him. Betzah 2ᵇ כל ביצה דמִתְיַילְּדָא האידנא וכ׳ (some edition דמִתְיְילִידָא) an egg laid to-day was fully developed yesterday. the same place (ibid.) הנך דמִתְיְלִידָן וכ׳ those laid on the same day. Chullin 9ᵃ אִתְיְלִידָא בה ריעותא (not אתיליד) an accident occurred to it which made the case suspicious. Nedarim 30ᵇ (referring to נולדים, Mishnah the same place (ibid.) 3, 9, see the preceding) למימרא … דמִתְיַילְּדָן משמע does this mean to say that noladim means ‘things which will be forthcoming’?; אלא מעתה … ה"נ דמִתְיַילְּדִין הוא (see marginal note) if this be so, does hannoladim in Genesis 48, 5 also mean ‘those to be born’? ואלא מאי דִיְּילִידוּ משמע (= דְּאִיְּילִידוּIthpeel contracted) but what else? Does it (always) mean ‘those that have been born’? to multiply, grow populous. Targum Onkelos Exodus 1, 7 אִתְיַלָּדוּ edition Berlin edition (Yerushalmi (prefix) אִתְיְלִי׳). Targum Genesis 8, 17. the same place (ibid.) 9, 7; and elsewhere ↗ original
יֶלֶדthe preceding) child, young man. Niddah 60ᵇ י׳ וזקן וכ׳ a young man and an old man travelling. Shemoth Rabbah section 1; Sotah 12ᵇ הוא י׳ וקולו כנער he (Moses) was an infant, but his voice was that of a lad.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 3, 74ᵃ bottom of the page, see אֶבְדּוֹקוֹס; and frequently—plural יְלָדִים. Shemoth Rabbah the passage cited קיימו את (החיו) הו׳ they spared the lives of the new-born. Kiddushin 76ᵇ, and elsewhere ד׳ מאות י׳ וכ׳ David had four hundred young men in his suite; and frequently—Fem. יַלְדָּה girl, young woman. Bava Kamma 60ᵇ אחת י׳ ואחת זקינה one wife was young, the other old. Yevamoth 101ᵇ; and frequently—plural יְלָדוֹת. Shabbath 32ᵃ ר"א … מתות י׳ R. El. reports, ‘for three sins women die young’ (in place of יוֹלְדוֹת, see יוֹלֶדֶת); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 5ᵇ top of the page—Transferred יַלְּדָּהa young plant. Menachoth 69ᵇ; Sotah 43ᵇ, and elsewhere י׳ שסבכה בזקנה a young shoot (subject to the law of Orlah, see עָרְלָה) which was grafted on an old tree. the same place (ibid.) י׳ בי׳ a young shoot grafted on a young tree. ↗ original
יַלְדּוּתthe preceding words) childhood, youth; waywardness. Chullin 24ᵇ ביַלְדּוּתִי in my childhood. Avodah Zarah 52ᵇ שנית לנו ביַלְדּוּתְךָ וכ׳ in thy earlier days thou didst teach us etc.; Bava Metzia 44ᵃ (not בילדותיך). Sukkah 53ᵃ, see בּוֹשׁ.—Bava Bathra 131ᵃ י׳ היתה בי וכ׳ I was wayward and set my face against etc.; and elsewhere ↗ original
יַלְדּוּתָא Chaldaic (Aramaic) same. Bava Metzia 44ᵃ ביַלְדּוּתֵיה מאי וכ׳ what was his view in his early years? (Avodah Zarah 52ᵇ בילדותו, see the preceding). ↗ original
יַלָּדוּתָא (the preceding words) = Hebrew מוֹלֶדֶתbirth, birthplace, family. Targum Onkelos Genesis 11, 28 edition Berlin edition (Yerushalmi (prefix) יַלְדּוּ׳). the same place (ibid.) 12, 1; and frequently ↗ original
יְלַדְתָּא (the preceding words) midwife.—plural יְלָדָתָא, יוֹלָדָתָא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Exodus 1, 15 [read:] יוֹ׳ עִבְרָיָיתָא. the same place (ibid.) 19 יְלָדָתֵי (correct accordingly). ↗ original
יָלוּד ² Chaldaic (Aramaic), construct state יְלוּד same. Targum Job 15, 14 י׳ אתתא (manuscript יְלִיד) born of woman. ↗ original
יִלּוֹדthe preceding words) born, existing.—plural יִלּוֹדִים. Nedarim 3, 9; the same place (ibid.) 30ᵇ, see יָלַדNif.—Avoth 4, 22 הי׳ למות the living are destined to die. ↗ original
יָלִידborn; יְלִיד בַּיִתa slave born in the owner’s house; child of a slave, contradistinguished to מקנת כסף an acquired slave. Shabbath 135ᵇ ↗ original
יְלִיד Targum Onkelos Genesis 17, 12, and the following—Targum Job 15, 14, see יָלוּד Chaldaic (Aramaic)—Fem.יְלִידָא. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 18, 9. ↗ original
יָלֵידְתָּא Targum Leviticus 12, 7 (O. edition Amsterdam edition יַלִּדְ׳). Targum Isaiah 21, 3; and frequently—Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 רבתי (חד מאת׳ 6) ירחי ביטנתא די׳ (not דילדיתא), see בִּיטְנָתָא.—plural יְלֵידָתָא, יְלֵדָ׳. Targum Isaiah 13, 8 כִּילֵ׳ (edition Vilna edition כְּלֵ׳; Hebrew text singular) ↗ original
יָלֵיל (dial. for אָלֵיל, see אֲלַל) to espy. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 1, 24. Pa'el פִּעֵל יַלֵּילsame. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 68ᵈ top הוון מְיַילְּלִין וכ׳ they went through the town espying and left again.—5. יָלַל I↗ original
יְלִילָא (the preceding) spy.—plural יְלִילַיָּא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 21, 1. ↗ original
יִלֵּין = אִילֵּין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 8, 16ᵇ bottom of the page וִילֵּין = וְאִילֵּין.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᵇ אי ילין edition Lehm. (other edition אַיְילֵן). ↗ original
יְלֵיף (see אֲלַף) to get accustomed, to learn. Targum Proverbs 30, 3. Targum Jeremiah 12, 16 מֵילַף יֵלְפוּן. Targum Proverbs 11, 25; and frequently—Avoth 1, 13 ודלא יָלֵיף he who does not study (the Law). Yevamoth 57ᵃ, and frequently יַלְפִינָן we derive; and very frequently—participle passive יְלִיף, feminine יְלִיפָאaccustomed, used to. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 1, 16ᵈ bottom of the page הוה י׳ דריש וכ׳ used to preach etc. the same place (ibid.) והוה … יְלִיפָה שמעה קליה and there was there a certain woman who made it a habit to listen to him; (Vayikra Rabbah section 9 יציבא, correct accordingly); and frequently—[Bava Metzia 100ᵇ, בדיילפי, see לוּף.] Pa'el פִּעֵל יַלֵּיףto teach. Targum Job 15, 3; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 78ᵃ top מֵילֵיף ומְיַלְּפָה to learn (from you) and to teach (you). Af'el הִפְעִיל אוֹלֵיףsame, see אֲלַף.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 5, end, 36ᵃ ולא כן אוֹלְפָן רבי did you not teach us thus?; Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 1, 22ᵃ top אילפן (correct accordingly). ↗ original
יָלַל 1Pi. יִלֵּל (= אָלַל, אִילֵּל) to espy. Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 955 אחר ד"ת יִלַּלְתָּ, see אָלַל.—Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 10 (play on תורים, the same place (ibid.), see תּוּר, תַּיָּיר) בשעה שמְיַילְּלִין ההלכה וכ׳ when they go out together (like spies) to espy the true decision.—Chaldaic see יָלֵיל. ↗ original
יָלַל 2 (Biblical Hebrew), Pi. יִלֵּלto howl, hollow. Bereshith Rabbah section 19; 20 (מְיַלֶּלֶת) התחילה מְיַילֶּלֶת וכ׳ she began to cry after him with her full voice. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 32; and elsewhere ↗ original
יְלֵל Targum Jeremiah 47, 2. Af'el הִפְעִיל אַיְלֵיל, אֵילֵילsame. Targum Ezekiel 27, 32. Targum Isaiah 23, 1; and elsewhere Pa'el פִּעֵל יַלֵּילsame. the same place (ibid.) 15, 4; and elsewhere—Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 שריית מְיַילְּלָא (חדא אתתא) רבתי she began to lament. Rosh Hashanah 33ᵇ, and the following יַלּוּלֵי יַלֵּיל, see גְּנַח I↗ original
יְלָלָא feminine Chaldaic (Aramaic) = next word Targum Zephaniah, Book of 1, 10. Targum Jeremiah 25, 36 יִלְלַת construct state—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 32, 10 דְּלֵיל = דִּילִיל. ↗ original
יְלָלָהthe preceding words) lamentation, howling. Yoma 76ᵇ יין … י׳ לעולם wine is called yayin (compare וַי), because it brings lamentation into the world (compare אַלְלַי a. וַיָּנַיָּא); Sanhedrin 70ᵇ top of the page—plural יְלָלוֹת. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 32; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 102. ↗ original
יִלְפָא = אִילְפָא, ship. Targum Proverbs 23, 34 בִּילְפָא manuscript (edition Lagarde edition a. other באִלְ׳, some edition כולפא, correct accordingly).—plural יִלְפֵי. the same place (ibid.) 31, 14 (edition Lagarde edition אלפיה; edition Vilna edition אילפת, some edition זילפיה, correct accordingly) ↗ original
יַלֶּפֶתlichen, a cutaneous disease. Bechoroth 41ᵃ י׳ זו חזזית וכ׳ yallefeth is the Egyptian lichen, see חֲזָזִית. ↗ original
יֶלֶקyelek, a species of locusts (70: βροῦχος). Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Zakhor, p. 26ᵇ (play on עׄמׄלׄקׄ) עׄםׄ ילׄקׄ פרח כהדין זחלא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition לק) a people of locusts, quick as the zaḥal (see זַחֲלָא); Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 938; Tanchuma Ki Tsetsé 9; edition Buber edition 12 לק (see לָק). ↗ original
ילקן , Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 4, beginning 54ᵈ, see לקן↗ original
יַלְתָּא (= אֲיַלְתָּא) Yalta, wife of R. Naḥman, daughter of a Resh G’lutha. Gittin 67ᵇ. Berachoth 51ᵇ. Shabbath 54ᵇ עשיתה י׳ thou treatest that animal as if she were Yalta. ↗ original
יָם (Biblical Hebrew) sea, lake, reservoir. Berachoth 54ᵇ יורדי הים seafarers (on landing). Bava Bathra 74ᵇ יַמָּהּ של טבריא the Lake of Tiberias; ים הגדול the Mediterranean Ocean. Gittin 8ᵃ ים אוקיינוס; (Tosefta Terumoth 2, 14; and elsewhere only אוק׳).—Bechoroth 13ᵇ, and frequently ים המלח the Dead Sea; and frequently—plural יַמִּים, Bava Bathra the passage cited; and frequently—Esp. a) the cosmetic paint bottle. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 3, see זַכְרוּת.—b) יַם נפהthe receiver of flour at sifting or in the mill. Kelim 15, 3; (Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 5, 5 only נפה). Zavim 4, 2 (only הים).—c) the receptacle in the wine or oil press, tank. Bava Bathra 4, 5.—d) the water reservoir in the Solomonic Temple. Zevachim 62ᵇ; Yoma 58ᵇ; and elsewhere—Fem. form: יַמָּה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 5, 48ᵈ לְיַמָּתִי (I offer a sacrifice) for my yammah, סברין מימר שופעת כים they thought she meant that she had a hemorrhage (flowing like a sea), אמר לון בימה סכנת said he to us, she was in danger on sea; Menachoth 64ᵇ, see זִיבָה). ↗ original
יַמָּא Targum Genesis 9, 2.—Targum I Kings 7, 23; and very frequently—Tamid 32ᵃ, and frequently נחותי י׳ = יורדי הים, see the preceding; and frequently—plural יַמְמַיָּא, יַמְמֵי, יַמַּיָּא, יַמֵּי. Targum Genesis 1, 10. Targum Psalms 24, 2 edition Lagarde edition (edition ימיא); and elsewhere—Gittin 57ᵃ ומבדרי אשב י׳ (not ומבדרו) and they scatter (his ashes) over seven seas; and frequently—Eruvin 12ᵃ; Rosh Hashanah 35ᵃ כי סליק … מיַמֵּי when R. … came up from ‘the waters’ (probably channels of the Euphrates; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh): יַמֵּי proper noun of a place Yammé). ↗ original
יַמְבְּרִיס (corruption of Januarius; compare יָינוּבְרִיס) Yambris, legendary name of an Egyptian sorcerer, always in connection with יַנִּיס. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 1, 15; 7, 11; Numbers 22, 22 (יַמְרִיס).—Tanchuma Ki Thissa 19 יונו"ס ויומברו"ס.—5. יוֹחָנִי. ↗ original
יְמֵיto speak; impf. יֵימֵא, יֵימֵי, see אֲמָא. (compare אָמַר I, 2, a. Psalms 139, 20 with Targum ad loc. (on the passage)) to swear. Targum Onkelos Exodus 20, 7 (Hebrew text נשא). Targum Jeremiah 5, 2 יֵימָן edition Lagarde edition (other edition יֵמוּן, יָמָן, Hebrew text אמר); and frequently—Pesachim 113ᵇ וכי יַמְיָין וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word מם (Munich manuscript 2 a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) manuscript Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) מַיְימָן וכ׳; Munich manuscript 1 ומוֹמִי קרו להון; edition ומומתייהו הכי, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) and when they swear, they swear, ‘by the life etc.’ Af'el הִפְעִיל אוֹמֵי, אַיְימֵיsame. Targum Judges 17, 2 (edition Lagarde edition same. Targum Judges 17, 2 (edition Lagarde edition יֵימַת); and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 26 מוֹמֵי, see אֱלָהּ.—Pesachim the passage cited, see above; and frequently to cause to swear. Targum I Kings 8, 31. Targum Onkelos Exodus 13, 19 אוֹמָאָה אוֹמֵי; and frequently—5. אוֹמָתָא, מוֹמִי, מוֹמָתָא. ↗ original
*יֵמִיםmules (see Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) to Genesis 36, 24). Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 8, 12ᵇ; Bereshith Rabbah section 82, end, see הֶמְיוֹנָס. Chullin 7ᵇ (see Pesachim 54ᵃ). ↗ original
יָמִין (supply (understood word) יַד) feminine(Biblical Hebrew; see אָמַן) [firm,] right hand. Menachoth 37ᵃ מה כתיבה בִּי׳ as the writing is done with the right hand, so is the binding to be done with the right hand (on the left). the same place (ibid.) אטר … בִּימִינוֹ וכ׳ a left-handed man ties the T’fillin on his right hand, because this is his left (weak) hand. Echah Rabbah to 2, 3 (referring to קץ הימין, Daniel 12, 13) קץ נתתי לִימִינִי וכ׳ I have fixed a term to (the servitude of) my right hand (power); when I redeem my children, I vindicate my right hand. Zevachim 62ᵇ, and frequently דרך י׳ towards the right; and frequently—Denom. יְמָנִי, feminine יְמָנִית. ↗ original
יַמִּינָא Targum Genesis 48, 18; and frequently—[ימינא, Pesikta Rabbati section 1, אבא בן י׳, read: זְמִינָא 2.] ↗ original
יְמִינִי (Biblical Hebrew) Benjamite. Megillah 12ᵇ (referring to Esther 2, 5) וקרי ליה י׳ וכ׳ and the text calls him (Mardecai) a Y’mini which means that he is a descendant of Benjamin. the same place (ibid.), and the following ומה שילם לי י׳ and how the Benjamite (Saul) repaid me. ↗ original
יְמָם , day-time; (adverb) by day. Targum Isaiah 34, 10; and elsewhere Targum Job 5, 14 בִּימָם (manuscript בְּיֵימָם). Targum Psalms 42, 9; and elsewhere ↗ original
יְמָמָא (the preceding) day-time, day-light. Targum Exodus 13, 21, and the following; and frequently—Berachoth 3ᵃ י׳ הוא there is the day-light (to indicate the end of the night-watch); and frequently—plural יְמָמִין, יְמָמֵי. Targum Genesis 7, 4; and elsewhere—Horayoth 4ᵃ בִּימָמֵי in day-time. ↗ original
יממיא , a word in a charm formula. Tosefta Shabbath 7 (8), 1 י׳ ובוציא edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading ימיא ומציא, י׳ ובוצציא). ↗ original
יָמַן , Pi. יִמֵּן (denominative of יָמִין; compare אָמַן) to endow with skill, strength, distinction. participle passive מְיוּמָּן, feminine מְיוּמֶּנֶת. Chullin 91ᵃ הירך המ׳ שבירך it says ‘the hip’ (Genesis 32, 33) that means the strongest of the hips (the right); the same place (ibid.) 134ᵇ הכא נמי הזרוע המ׳ וכ׳ here, too, we read ‘the arm’ (Deuteronomy 18, 3), that means the right arm; Horayoth 12ᵃ ה"נ המשיח המ׳ וכ׳ here, too, we read ‘the anointed’ (Leviticus 4, 3), the distinguished among the anointed (the Highpriest). Sifra Vayikra, Ḥoba, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 3, Parah 3 מה … הימנית המ׳ שבימין וכ׳ as the finger mentioned there (Leviticus 14, 16) is ‘the right’ which means the most skilled (the index) finger of the right hand etc.; [Zevachim 40ᵃ and the following לא נצרכא אלא להכשיר אָמוּן שבאצבע Munich manuscript (edition אמין, omitting אלא; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) the את (Leviticus 4, 6 את אצבעו) would not have been required, were it not to indicate, as the fittest for the ceremony, the most skilled of the fingers.—Rashi: אמיןblister.] Hif'il הִפְעִיל השמאיל . Shabbath 63ᵃ (referring to Proverbs 3, 16) למַיְימִינִין בה וכ׳ to those who make the right use of it etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 934.—Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 9 אלו מֵימִינִים וכ׳ the ones stand on the right side (pleading in favor of the accused) etc.—Shabbath 88ᵇ, see next word↗ original
יְמַןAf. אַיְימִיןsame. Shabbath 88ᵇ דאַיְימִין ליה Munich manuscript (edition מיימינים) he who uses it in the right way (see the preceding); Yoma 72ᵇ דאוֹמַן לה (Munich manuscript דאֵימִין). ↗ original
יְמָנִי (denominative of יְמִין) right. Nega'im 2, 4 יד הי׳ the right hand. Sifra Vayikra, Ḥoba, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 3, Parah 3, see יָמַן; and elsewhere ↗ original
יַנַּאי (abbreviated or abbreviation of יוֹחָנָן) Yannai (Jannaeus), King of Judaea. Kiddushin 66ᵃ י׳ המלך (for John Hyrcan). Berachoth 29ᵃ הוא י׳ הוא יוחנן Yerushalmi (prefix) a. Joḥanan are the same; (another opinion) י׳ לחוד וכ׳ Yerushalmi (prefix) a. Joḥ. are different persons.—Sanhedrin 19ᵃ י׳ מלכא, י׳ המלך (referring to Hyrcan 2).—Berachoth 44ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) 48ᵃ; Vayikra Rabbah section 9 (Alexander Jannaeus). Sotah 22ᵇ (Alex. J.); and elsewhere name of several Amoraim. Megillah 32ᵃ.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 3, 6ᵃ.—Vayikra Rabbah section 16; and frequently ↗ original
יִנּוֹןYinnon, symbolical name of the Messiah (with referring to י׳ שמו Psalms 72, 17). Sanhedrin 98ᵇ. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 93; Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 32, see יָנַן. ↗ original
יָנוּקָא 1 (יְנַק) suckling, infant; child; school-boy. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 48, 20.—Gittin 57ᵃ … כי הוה מתיליד י׳ ינוקתא וכ׳ whenever a male child was born, they used to plant a cedar, when a female, they planted etc. Shabbath 134ᵃ האי י׳ דלית ליה וכ׳ an infant (to be circumcised on the Sabbath) for which no bandage has been prepared, see חָלוּק I.—Sukkah 56ᵇ (proverb) שותא די׳ וכ׳ the child’s talk in the street is either the father’s or the mother’s (talk at home). Sanhedrin 110ᵇ (referring to פתאים, Psalms 116, 6) … שכן קורין לי׳ פתיא for in the sea towns they call a child pathia. Bava Bathra 21ᵃ כד מחית לי׳ וכ׳ when thou (as teacher) strikest a child, strike it only with a shoe-strap. the same place (ibid.) לא ממטינן י׳ וכ׳ we must not let a child go to school from one place to another (but must provide a school for each place).—Bereshith Rabbah section 36, and elsewhere יַנִּיקָא; and frequently—plural יָנוּקֵי. Bava Bathra the passage cited מקרי י׳ primary school teacher, see דַּרְדְּקָא; and frequently—Fem.יָנוּקְתָּא. Gittin the passage cited, see above.—Bava Bathra 3ᵇ האי י׳ that maiden (of Hasmonean descent, Mariamne). ↗ original
יָנוּקָא 2Mar Yanuka, son of R. Hisda. Bava Bathra 7ᵇ top of the page ↗ original
יַנּוֹקָא , plural יַנּוֹקַיָּא (יְנַק) breasts. Tanchuma Ki Thissa 27 [read:] טובוי לי׳ דהדין ינקין happy the breast that nursed such a child. ↗ original
יני , Hif'ilהוֹנָה (Biblical Hebrew; see אָנָה) to oppress, treat overbearingly, vex, taunt. Bereshith Rabbah section 88, beginning שלא יהו מוֹנִים את וכ׳ that they might not taunt Israel saying etc. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 6. Tanchuma Vayera 14 כל מי שיוֹנֶה להבירו whoever aggrieves his neighbor. the same place (ibid.) הוֹנֵת את עצמה humbled herself; and frequently—5. הוֹנָאָה, אוֹנָאָה. ↗ original
יְנִי 1Af. אוֹנִי same. Targum Ezekiel 18, 12. Targum Onkelos Exodus 22, 20. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 25, 14 לאוֹנָיָא (not … נַיָּא); and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 53 דלא יהו מוֹנִין לה וכ׳ that they might not taunt her, calling her a barren woman. ↗ original
יְנִי 2 (compare Biblical Hebrew נוּא, a. נוּעַ) to be undecided, waver. Af'el הִפְעִיל אוֹנִיto cause to waver, discourage. Targum Onkelos Numbers 32, 7; 9. ↗ original
יָנִיבָא (compare אִנְבָּא 2) name of an insect in flax. Chullin 85ᵇ נפל ליה י׳ בכיתניה Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition יאנ׳) the yaniba came into his flax crop. the same place (ibid.) 28ᵃ בעי … לי׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition יניכא, correct accordingly) he needs its blood for killing the flax worm. ↗ original
יַנִּיק (see יָנוֹקָא) suckling, child; young. Targum I Samuel 15, 3. Targum Judges 8, 20 (Hebrew text נער). Targum Isaiah 65, 20 י׳ ימין (Hebrew text עול ימים); and frequently—Kiddushin 32ᵇ י׳ וחכים young but wise; a, frequently—plural יַנִּיקַיָּא. Vayikra Rabbah section 5, beginning (translating עויליהם, Job 21, 11) יַנִּיקֵיהוֹן their young ones (see Bereshith Rabbah section 36; Yalkut Shimoni Job. 908). (see יוֹנֶקֶת) branch, twig.—plural as ab. Targum Psalms 80, 12 יַנִּיקָהָא (manuscript ינקיהא; Hebrew text יוֹנְקוֹתֶיהָ). ↗ original
יָנַק [to press,] (compare מָצַץ) to suck. Sotah 12ᵇ ולא י׳ and he (Moses) would not suck; פה … יִנַק דבר טמא shall the mouth destined to speak with Divinity suck in an unclean substance?—Berachoth 10ᵃ; and frequently—Transferred to draw sap, absorb. Bava Bathra 71ᵇ יוֹנְקִין משדה וכ׳ they (the plants) are nurtured from the consecrated field. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 3, 21ᵇ איברים יונקין זה מזה the limbs of an animal draw nourishment from one another, i.e. in either portion of a slaughtered animal to be divided between two partners there are substances absorbed from the other; and frequently Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֵינִיק, הֵנִיקto give suck, feed. Pesachim 112ᵃ … יותר לִינָק … להָנִיק more than the calf desires to suck, does the cow desire to give suck, i.e. the teacher is more anxious to teach than the pupil to learn. Bechoroth 7ᵇ כל המוליד מֵנִיק every viviparous animal is a mammal. Kethuboth 5, 5 ומֵנִיקָה את בנה וכ׳ (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition ומֵינִ׳) and she is bound to nurse her child herself. Niddah 1, 4 נתנה בנה למֵנִיקָה (Yerushalmi (prefix) למינ׳) if she gave her child out to a wet-nurse. the same place (ibid.) 5 ומניקה and while she nurses a child. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 2; Kethuboth 60ᵃ מֵינֶקֶת שמת וכ׳ a woman whose husband died during her nursing period. the same place (ibid.) 65ᵇ סתם מֵנִיקוֹת וכ׳ as a rule nursing women are of delicate health. Taanith 27ᵇ מניקות שיָנִיקוּ וכ׳ in behalf of the nursing women (they prayed) that they might be able to nurse etc.; and frequently ↗ original
יְנַק Targum Job 3, 11 אֵינִיק (manuscript אִינַק; edition Lagarde edition אוֹנִיק); and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 1, 37ᵃ; Bereshith Rabbah section 56 אימר דלא י׳ וכ׳ the lamb that never sucked (the ram offered in Isaac’s place). Berachoth 40ᵇ [read:] מירבא … מֵינַק לא יַנְקֵי וכ׳ they grow out of the ground, but draw no nurture from it. Bava Bathra 71ᵇ מדנפשיה קא ינקי they draw from the ground which belongs to himself. Betzah 37ᵇ י׳ תחומין מהדדי the parts of an animal whose partners are bound by opposite Sabbath limits draw substances one from the other (see Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 3, 21ᵃ quoted in the preceding); and frequently Af'el הִפְעִיל אוֹנִיק, אַיְינִיק as the precedingHif'il—Targum Exodus 2, 9. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 32, 13; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 98, end דהכן אוֹנִיקוּ which nursed such a child; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 1, 27ᵇ top אַיְינֵק; Bereshith Rabbah section 5 end מניק (correct accordingly), see בִּיזָּא 3; and frequently—מֵינִיקְתָּא nurse. Targum Exodus 2, 7; and elsewhere—plural מֵינִיקָתָא, see below. Pa'el פִּעֵל יַנֵּקsame. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Exodus 15, 2 (Yerushalmi (prefix) I מוֹנִיק). Targum I Samuel 6, 7; 10 (edition Lagarde edition מֵנִיקָן); Targum Psalms 78, 71 מְיַנְקָן (Targum Isaiah 40, 11 מֵינִיקָתָא) animals giving suck (Hebrew text עלות).—Tanchuma Ki Thissa 27 יַנְּקִין, see יַנּוֹקָא↗ original
יַנְקָא 1 (the preceding) suckling, child. Targum Song of Songs 8, 1; and frequently—Bamidbar Rabbah section 4, end (referring to Psalms 131, 2) כְּהָן י׳ וכ׳ like the infant leaving the mother’s womb etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 2, 20ᵇ bottom of the page—plural יַנְקַיָּא, יוֹנְ׳. Targum Psalms 8, 3 יַנְ׳ manuscript (edition יוֹנְ׳); and elsewhere—Targum Isaiah 3, 4 (some edition יַנְקָנַיָּא) childish men. ↗ original
יַנְקוּתָא (the preceding words) childhood, youth. Targum Jeremiah 13, 27; and elsewhere—Shabbath 152ᵃ, see וְרַד. Taanith 20ᵇ ביַנְקוּתֵיה לא דכירנא of his earlier days I remember nothing. Shabbath 21ᵇ, see גִּירְסָא I; and elsewhere ↗ original
יָסַד see סַד) [to join, fasten; denominative יְסוֹד, whence יָסַד] to found, establish. Tanchuma Bereshith 1 ובה … וי׳ ארץ and with it (the Torah) he stretched the heavens and established the earth. Megillah 3ᵃ; Shabbath 104ᵃ; Sukkah 44ᵃ וחזרו וִיסָדוּם and they reintroduced them. the same place (ibid.) 20ᵃ, see עֶזְרָא; and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל יִסֵּד, יִיסֵּדto establish; to join in between. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 5, 22ᶜ שער היסוד ששם היו מְיַיסְּדִין וכ׳ the Eastern Gate was named the Foundation Gate, because there they (in their meetings) established the decisions of the Law; and elsewhere—participle passive מְיוּסָּד. the same place (ibid.) שער התווך שהוא מי׳ בין וכ׳ it was named the Middle Gate because it was fastened in between two gates; and elsewhere to rebuild (a ruin). Tosefta Bava Metzia 11, 4 לא יאמר לו הריני מייסד עמך מכנגד וכ׳ (not עמו) he has no right to say, I will help thee rebuild the party wall from where my (higher situated) ground commences and upward, אלא מייסד עמו וכ׳ but he must help him build from the bottom (of the neighbor’s ground) etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 10, beginning 12ᶜ; (Bava Bathra 6ᵇ מסייע מלמטה). [Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 2 שהרי חבירו בא ליַסֵּד עליו כן the next following sentence comes to found upon it a base (thus proving that the reading is דּוֹדֶיךָ and not דּוֹדַיִךְ). Some editions read לימד; Avodah Zarah 2, 5 חבירו מלמד; Yalkut Shimoni Song of Songs 981 מוכיח.] Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְיַסֵּדto be established. Tanchuma the passage cited העולם לא נ׳ וכ׳ the world has been founded on nothing but the Law. ↗ original
יְסַד Targum Psalms 78, 69; and elsewhere Pa'el פִּעֵל יַסֵּדsame. the same place (ibid.) 104, 5. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְיַיסַּד, , Ittof. אִתּוֹסָדto be fastened, supported, founded. Targum Job. 41, 15, and the following—Targum Psalms 87, 1.—Targum 2 Chronicles 31, 7 לאִתּוֹסָדָא (edition Lagarde edition לאִתְיַסְּרָא). ↗ original
יִסּוּד (יָסַד) institution, confirmation; reestablishment. Menachoth 99ᵃ and the following, see בִּיטּוּל. Sukkah 44ᵃ ערבה י׳ נביאים the use of the willow-branch (on Hoshanah Rabbah) is an institution of the prophets, opposite מנהג נביאים a custom arisen in the days of the prophets; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 1, 33ᵇ bottom of the page מִיִּ׳ נביאים וכ׳ belong to the institutions of the early prophets; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 4, beginning 54ᵇ ↗ original
יְסוֹד see יָסַד) foundation. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 5, 22ᶜ שער הי׳, see יָסַד.—Esp. (supply (understood word) המזבח) the base of the altar, y’sod. Middoth 3, 1. Zevachim 5, 1, and frequently י׳ מערבי the western side of the y’sod. the same place (ibid.) 3 (53ᵃ) י׳ דרומית (read דרומי, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 200) the southern side etc.; and frequently—plural יְסוֹדוֹת. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 1 אביו בנה את הי׳ Solomon’s father laid the foundations of the Temple; and elsewhere ↗ original
יְסוֹדָאsame. Targum Exodus 29, 12; and frequently—plural יְסוֹדַיָּא, construct state יְסוֹדֵי. Targum Onkelos Numbers 5, 17 (edition Berlin edition אֵיסוֹדֵי; Hebrew text קרקע).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 10, beginning 12ᶜ תרוייהו אילין י׳ both (the upper and the lower portions) are foundations (see יָסַד). plural rest, head-rest (compare אִיסָדָא). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 28, 10 תחות י׳ רישיה in place of his headrest. ↗ original
יִסּוּר (יָסַר) correction by example, warning example. Sanhedrin 45ᵃ (referring to Ezekiel 23, 48) אין לך יי׳ גדול מזה there is no severer warning than this (capital punishment, and therefore disgrace by exposure would be an unnecessary hardship).—2) plural יִסּוּרִים, יִסּוּרִין, יִי׳corrections by suffering, suffering, trials, visitation. Sifré Deuteronomy 32 חביבים י׳ לפני … על מי שיי׳ באים עליו trials are precious in the sight of the Lord, for the glory of the Lord rests upon him who is visited with trials (referring to Deuteronomy 8, 5). the same place (ibid.) הי׳ מרצים וכ׳ sufferings atone more than sacrifices. Berachoth 5ᵃ י׳ של אהבה visitations of (divine) love (referring to Proverbs 3, 12). the same place (ibid.)ᵇ חביבין עליך י׳ are the sufferings welcome to thee (as trials)?—Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 16 מה קשין הן הי׳ how hard to bear are sufferings!; and very frequently ↗ original
יִסּוּרָא (see אִיסוּרָא) chain; prison. Targum 2 Esther 1, 2 end לבושי יִיסּוּרֵיה his prison clothes; (Targum Jeremiah 52, 33 איסוריה).—plural יִסּוּרִין, יִיסּ׳, יִיסּוּרֵי, יְסוּ׳. Targum Lamentations 3, 6.—Targum Isaiah 28, 22 (edition Vilna edition יְסיּ׳). chastisement, suffering. Targum Jeremiah 30, 14.—plural as ab. the same place (ibid.) 11 (see אִיסוּרָא 2). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 20, 5; and frequently—Berachoth 60ᵃ י׳ בעי וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition יסורים Hebrew form) that man desires to bring suffering upon himself. Bava Metzia 84ᵇ קביל עליה י׳ he submitted patiently to sufferings. the same place (ibid.) 85ᵃ; and frequently Echah Rabbah introduction end למימר לית יִיסּוּרַיָּא חשיבין וכ׳ as if saying, sufferings count to me for nothing. ↗ original
יִסְכָּה feminine (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a female person Jiscah. Sanhedrin 69ᵇ; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 62 (identified with Sarah). Bereshith Rabbah section 38, end. ↗ original
יָסַם (see סָמַם, סָמָא, סוּמָא)to close or to be closed. Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְיַיסֵּם (with בעיניו) to become blind. Tanchuma Tol’doth 7. ↗ original
יַסְמִין (?) (compare ἰάσμη) Jasmine flowers. Shabbath 50ᵇ, see כּוּסְמָּא. ↗ original
יָסַף , Hif'il הוֹסִיף to heap up, to add (with על). Sanhedrin 11, 3 להוֹסִיף על דברי וכ׳ thus adding to the words of the Scribes (against Deuteronomy 4, 2). the same place (ibid.) 88ᵇ ויש בו להו׳ when there is a possibility to additamenta the same place (ibid.) ואם ה׳ גורע and if he did add, he diminishes (violates the law). the same place (ibid.) 29ᵃ המוֹסִיף, see גָּרַע I. Tosefta Shabbath 6 (7), 17 והאומר הוֹסִיפוּ על השולחן (not ואומר) and who (from superstition) says, Add (put one more) to the table; and frequently—Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 559 מוֹסַפְנִי על וכ׳ (Sifra Metsora beginning מוסיף אני) I will add to what thou saidst. Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתּוֹסַף, נִיתּ׳, , Hithpa. הִתּוֹסַףto be added; to be added to, increase, wax. Mechilta Bo. section 16; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 217 והשני נ׳ לו and the second name was added to the first (without abrogating the first). Shemoth Rabbah section 7, beginning נ׳ לו עוד וכ׳ two additional years (of imprisonment) were given him. Shabbath 152ᵃ ת"ח … חכמתן מִתּוֹסֶפֶת עליהן Munich manuscript (edition חכמה נִיתּוֹסֶפֶת בהן) when scholars grow old, their wisdom grows with their age; the same place (ibid.) טפשותן מתוספת וכ׳, see טִפְּשׁוּת. ↗ original
יְסַףAf. אוֹסִיף, אוֹסֵף same, to add, increase; to do again. Targum Deuteronomy 1, 11.—Targum Genesis 8, 10; and frequently—Shabbath 116ᵇ אנא … אלא לאוֹסָפֵי וכ׳ Munich manuscript (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) I have not come to diminish from but to add to the law of Moses. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 7ᶜ אוֹסְפוּן עליה add thereto.—participle passive מוֹסַף, feminine מוֹסְפָא. Kiddushin 20ᵃ והא מ׳ ואזלא but this (the debt on interest) is continually growing; and frequently Ittaf. הֻפְעַל אִתּוֹסַףto be added. Targum Genesis 49, 26; and frequently—Berachoth 28ᵃ אִתּוֹסְפוּ כמה ספסלי many forms had to be added (to accommodate the hearers). the same place (ibid.) א׳ ד׳ מאהוכ׳ four hundred forms were added; and elsewhere ↗ original
יָסַר [to tie up; compare חוּב.] Pi'el פִּעֵל יִסֵּר, יִיסֵּרto chastise, chasten, try. Sanhedrin 39ᵃ מְיַיסֵּר … ביסורין he (the king) punishes the prominent among them (the rebellious citizens); כך הקב"ה מי׳ וכ׳ so did the Lord visit Ezekiel in order to wash away the sins of Israel. Avodah Zarah 4ᵃ אֲיַסְּרֵם ביסורין וכ׳ I would visit them with afflictions in this world, in order that their arms be strengthened etc. Shemoth Rabbah section 3, end המטה שתְּיַיסְּרֶנּוּ בו the staff wherewith to strike him (Pharaoh); and frequently Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְיַסֵּר, , Nithpa. נִתְיַסֵּרto be chastened, tried. Bereshith Rabbah section 62 היו מִתְיַיסְּרִין בחולי וכ׳ used to be visited with bowel diseases for ten days etc. (prior to their death), to indicate that the disease purifies (from sin); Treatise Smachoth, Treatise Chaldaic (Aramaic) 3. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 27ᵈ נתיי׳ בבנו הבכור he was punished with the death of his first-born son. Tanchuma Noah 14 נתי׳ בבנו he was visited with trials through his son (being asked to sacrifice him). the same place (ibid.) Vayigg. 6 נתי׳ בבנו was tried by his son (Joseph being sold); and elsewhere ↗ original
יְסַרto tie, put on. Targum Isaiah 15, 3 יֵיסְרוּן וכ׳ edition Lagarde edition (edition יִסְרוּן; Hebrew text חגרו); and elsewhere to bind one’s self, to vow. Targum Numbers 30, 3, and the following—Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, 66ᵃ top (quoted frequently Megillah Taanith Chaldaic (Aramaic) 12) יֵיסַר בצלו (Megillah Taanith the passage cited יאסר) may vow (a fast) in his prayer; Babylonian Taanith 12ᵃ (see corrupted version Munich manuscript in Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) notes); see אֲסַר. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְיַיסַּרto be tried. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 16 ר׳ י׳ א׳ ועבד וכ׳ R. J. was tried and suffered with fever etc. ↗ original
יְעָאto burst forth, bloom. Targum Onkelos Numbers 17, 23 edition Berlin edition (edition נְעָא; Yerushalmi (prefix) I יָיעָא; Hebrew text פרח). the same place (ibid.) 20 יִנְעִי edition Berlin edition (edition יִנְעֵי, יֶ׳). Targum Psalms 103, 15 ינעי Regia (edition a. manuscript יָנִיץ). Af'el הִפְעִיל אַוְועֵיto let burst forth, to utter. Targum Proverbs 10, 31 מַוְעֵי edition Lagarde edition (other edition מבעי; Hebrew text ינוב). Targum Psalms 19, 3 מוועי Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. manuscript (edition מבעי a. מַבִּיעַ). [Cmp. בוע, בעי a. נבע.] ↗ original
יַעְבֵּץ (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Jabez, Temurah 16ᵃ, homiletically identified with Othniel. R. J., an Amora. Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, beginning 77ᵃ ↗ original
יָעַד see עוד) to appoint; denominative מוֹעֵד. Pi'el פִּעֵל יִעֵד, יִי׳to designate, especially to designate a Hebrew handmaid to be a freeman’s wife (Exodus 21, 8, and the following). Kiddushin 19ᵃ צריך ליַעֲדָהּ he must express to her her designation, i.e. בקדושי יעוד by betrothal through designation, see יִעוּד. the same place (ibid.) מהו שמְיַיעֵד אדם וכ׳ may a man designate (a handmaid) for his minor son? the same place (ibid.)ᵇ אם רצה לייעד מייעד if he chooses to betroth her, he may do so. Mechilta Mishpatim section 3 לבנו יְיַעֵד וכ׳ he may give her to his son, but not to his brother. the same place (ibid.) יַעֵד לך או לבנך וכ׳ betroth her to thyself or to thy son or redeem her; and frequently—participle passive f. מְיוּעֶדֶתdesignated, betrothed. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 59ᵇ bottom of the page he tells her in the presence of witnesses הרי את מי׳ לי thou art designated for me (as my wife). Babylonian Kiddushin 6ᵃ מי׳ לי מהו if one says to a free woman, Thou art etc. (using מיועדת for מקודשת), is it a valid betrothal? Pi'el פִּעֵל וִיעֵדto make an appointment, to meet. Echah Rabbah to 2, 13, and elsewhere, see וִיעוּד. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הוֹעִידto appoint; participle passive מוּעָדdesignated, invited. Shemoth Rabbah section 19 מ׳ לדיבור appointed to receive the revelation; the same place (ibid.) מוּעָדִין לדבור (Yevamoth 62ᵃ מיוחד, see יָחַד; Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 2 מזומן).—[5. מוּעָדforewarned.] Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְוַעֵד, , Nithpa. הִתְוַעֵדto be appointed, engaged; to meet. Bamidbar Rabbah section 14, end שלא נִתְוַועֲדוּ בדבור עם משה who were not invited with Moses for the reception of the revealed word. the same place (ibid.) עתיד אני להִתְוַועֵד להם I shall meet them (appear to them); Sifra Vayikra Parah I, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 2 להיות ועד (correct accordingly); Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 430 להתוו׳ בהם (correct accordingly). ↗ original
יְעַדPa. יַעֵד as the precedingPi'el, to designate. Kiddushin 18ᵇ הא יַעוּדֵי מְיַיעֵד לה but betroth her he may? (see עוּד, מוּעָד)to forewarn the owner of a noxious beast. Bava Kamma 84ᵇ ויַעֲדוּהָ and declared the beast noxious. the same place (ibid.) 24ᵃ שלשה … ליַיעוּדִי תורא וכ׳ the three days mentioned—are they required for declaring the ox noxious (making the owner responsible, if the ox gored three days in succession) or for warning the owner (i.e. that the owner must have three notices in three consecutive days)?; the same place (ibid.) 41ᵃ; and elsewhere Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִיָּיעֵדto be forewarned, to be declared noxious(מוּעָד). the same place (ibid.) 84ᵇ דא׳ התם וכ׳ he was declared noxious there (in Palestine) and was brought to Babylonia. the same place (ibid.) 24ᵃ מִיָּיעֵד he stands forewarned. the same place (ibid.) 37ᵇ לשוורים הוא דא׳ he stands forewarned with reference to damage done to oxen only; א׳ ליה לכולהו מיני he stands forewarned with reference to all kinds (oxen, asses and camels); and elsewhere ↗ original
יַעֲדוּט (?) proper noun of a place Yaădut. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 2, 22ᵈ top עיון וי׳; Tosefta Shevi'ith 4, 10 עין יעריט edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (edition עין יערים). ↗ original
יִעוּד (יָעַד) designation, especially betrothal of a Hebrew handmaid to the owner or his son. Kiddushin 18ᵇ י׳ נישואין וכ׳ does yiud have the effect of marriage or of betrothal? the same place (ibid.) קידושי י׳, see יָעַד. the same place (ibid.) 19ᵃ אין י׳ אלא בגדול yiud is legal only when he for whom the handmaid is designated is of age. the same place (ibid.) אין י׳ אלא מדעתyiud is legal only when consented to (by the son), מדעת דידה by her; and frequently—plural יִעוּדִים, יִעוּדִין, יִי׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 59ᵇ bottom of the page בסוף נותן לה כסף י׳ towards the end of her term of servitude he gives her an object of value as a consideration for her betrothal; משעה ראשונה … יי׳ from the first hour (at the time of the purchase the money turns out to have been given (to her father) for the purpose of betrothal; and elsewhere ↗ original
יַעְזֵקBeth-Yazek, name of a court in Jerusalem where the witnesses for ascertaining the New Moon were heard. Rosh Hashanah 2, 5. the same place (ibid.) 23ᵇ question as to יעזק (as a denominative of עזק) or יָזֵק (as a denominative of זקק). ↗ original
יְעַט (= יְעַץ) to counsel. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 42, 24. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְיָעֵטto take counsel, to deliberate, plan. Daniel 6, 8.—Targum I Chronicles 13, 1. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 27, 42; and elsewhere ↗ original
יְעִידָה (יָעַד) = יִעוּד. Arachin 25ᵇ the son stands in the place of his father לי׳ ולעבד וכ׳ (Rashi: לִיעָדָה) with reference to acquiring his father’s handmaid as his wife and taking possession of the Hebrew slave for the ensuing term; Kiddushin 17ᵇ ליעי׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition לִיעָ׳); Bava Bathra 108ᵇ ליעי׳ Munich manuscript (edition לִיעָ׳); Sifra Bechukkothai Parah 4, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 10; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 677 לִיעָ׳. (referring to Exodus 29, 42 אִוָּעֵד) appointment, divine call. Bamidbar Rabbah section 14, end; Sifra Vayikra Parah I, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 2. (= הוֹדָאָה) statement of facts, testimony. the same place (ibid.) Chaldaic (Aramaic) 2, Parah 2 יְעִידַת עד אחד the statement of one witness (opinion of one expert; see Temurah 28ᵃ); י׳ שני עדים the statement of two witnesses. ↗ original
*יָעַלto go up. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הוֹעִילto bring up, effect; to profit, accomplish. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 8, 21ᶜ ולא הוֹעַלְתֶּם לעצמיכם כלום and you have profited nothing for yourselves; (Sanhedrin 90ᵇ העליתם בידכם); see זוּף I. Eruvin 24ᵇ לחי מוֹעִיל וכ׳ a post helps (has the effect of making the moving about on the Sabbath permitted) for all vineyard paths. the same place (ibid.) 25ᵃ ה׳ it does good (it serves its purpose). Yoma 47ᵃ ולא הוֹעִילוּ and did not succeed (in obtaining distinction). Megillah 6ᵃ אינו מועילוכ׳ will not succeed in business. Kethuboth 10ᵃ מה הועילו חכמים וכ׳ what have the scholars accomplished with their measure?; Gittin 17ᵇ, and the following the same place (ibid.) 32ᵇ (if one said) גט זה לא יועיל this letter of divorce shall have no effect, contradistinguished to אינו מועילhas no effect. the same place (ibid.) 57ᵇ תפלה שמוֹעֶלֶת a prayer which was efficacious. the same place (ibid.) 65ᵇ (if he said, Write ye a letter of divorce and) הוֹעִילוּ לה make it of avail to her. Bava Bathra 100ᵃ אין הילוך מוֹעִיל walking through the field (as a symbol of possession) has no legal effect. Chullin 70ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original
יָעֵל 1 see next word) proper noun of a female person Jael, the wife of Heber the Kenite. Megillah 15ᵃ, see זָנָה. Vayikra Rabbah section 23; and elsewhere ↗ original
יָעֵל 2 see יָעַל, mountain-goat, wild goat. Rosh Hashanah 3, 3.—plural יְעֵלִים. the same place (ibid.) 5 (26ᵇ). Kilayim 1, 6. Bereshith Rabbah section 12.—5. יְעֵלָה. ↗ original
יַעֲלָא Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 14, 5 (edition Berlin edition יָעַלָא, read: יָעֵ׳; Hebrew text אקו).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 3, 37ᵈ bottom of the page ארכובה די׳ the leg of the wild goat; (Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 3, 34ᵈ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 5, end, 52ᵃ דפילא, see אַרְכּוּבְתָּא).—plural יַעֲלִין, יְעֵילַיָּא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy the passage cited Targum Psalms 104, 18 manuscript (edition יַעֲלֵי). Targum Ezekiel 27, 15 (edition Vilna edition יֶעֱלִין). ↗ original
יְעֵלָה ) feminine(Biblical Hebrew; see יָעֵל 2) gazelle. Bereshith Rabbah section 12; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 862 (referring to Psalms 104, 18) [read:] … הי׳ הזו היא והיא מתייראה וכ׳ the gazelle is of tender build and she is afraid of the wild beasts etc.; (Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 9 אַיֶּלֶת).—יַעֲלַת חן ‘graceful gazelle’, an expression used in praise of a bride and also of a scholar on his ordination (see, however, עָלָה). Kethuboth 17ᵃ; Sanhedrin 14ᵃ ↗ original
יַעַן see עָנָה) corresponding; (conj) because. Sifra Bechukkothai Parah 2, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 8 (referring to יען וביען, Leviticus 26, 43) וכי ראש בראש וכ׳ have I indeed paid them item for item (for all their sins)?—Ruth Rabbah to 2, 19; Vayikra Rabbah section 34 י׳ ובי׳ הוא יׄעׄןׄ הוא עׄנׄיׄ ‘because and because’ (Leviticus the passage cited) yaʿan and ʿani have the same letters (intimating, ‘because they have rejected my statutes concerning the poor’). ↗ original
יַעֲנָהostrich; also בַּת הַיַּ׳ (see Ges. H. Dictionary10 under the word). Chullin 64ᵇ (argument about the meaning of בת הי׳ concluded) כתיב י׳ וכתיב בת י׳ the Bible uses y. a. bath y. indiscriminately. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, 3ᵈ, see נָעֳמִית. ↗ original
יָעַץ see עוּץ, [to press,] to encourage, plan; to advise. Berachoth 61ᵃ כליות יוֹעֲצוֹת the kidneys are the seat of deliberation. the same place (ibid.) אחת יוֹעַצְתּוֹ לטובה וכ׳ one (kidney) urges him to do good etc.—Sanhedrin 76ᵇ היוֹעֶצְךָ וכ׳, see זָהִיר. Berachoth 8ᵇ וכשיוֹעֲצִים אין יועצים וכ׳ and when they (the Medians) hold council, they meet in open air. Sanhedrin 87ᵃ ממך זה יוֹעֵץ ‘hidden from thee’ (Deuteronomy 17, 8) that means (the need of) a counselor (Sifré Deuteronomy 152 זו עצה). Chullin 11ᵃ (explained לעמת הֶעָצֶה, Leviticus 3, 9) ממקים שהכליות יועצות from where the deliberating kidneys are seated, see above.—Temurah 16ᵃ (play on יׄעׄבׄץׄ, I Chronicles 4, 9) שיׄעׄץ וריבׄץׄ וכ׳ he advised and advanced the study of the Law etc. Sanhedrin 106ᵃ, and elsewhere בלעם שי׳ Balaam who gave his advice (encouraging the oppression of the Israelites); and frequently—[Berachoth 3ᵇ; Sanhedrin 16ᵃ, see below.] Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְיָיעֵץ, , Nithpa. נִתְיָעֵץto ask advice; to consult with (with ב). Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 776 מִתְיָעֲצִים באחיתופל (Berachoth 3ᵇ; Sanhedrin 16ᵃ יועצין, read: נוֹעָצִין, Nif.) they deliberated with Ah.—Eruvin 53ᵇ (in enigmatic speech) נתי׳ במכתיר took counsel of the Nasi (see כָּתַר). Sifré Numbers 157 שהיו מתייעצים על וכ׳ they were planning against Israel; Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 785 מִיָּעֲצִים. ↗ original
יְעַץ Targum Proverbs 12, 20. Pa'el . יַיעֵץsame. Megillah 15ᵇ עצה קא מְיַיעֲצֵי עילויה וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition שקלי) they plan against this man (me). Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְיַיעֵץto take counsel. Targum Judges 19, 30.—5. עוּץ. ↗ original
יַעֲקֹב (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Jacob, J. the patriarch. Berachoth 13ᵃ לא שיעקר י׳ וכ׳ not that the name Jacob should be entirely abandoned, but etc., see טָפֵל. Bereshith Rabbah section 1; and very frequently—2) R. J., name of a Tannai (or of several Tannaim, see Friedman Frankel, Darkhe haMishnah p. 202). Avoth 4, 16. Pesachim 84ᵃ; Sanhedrin 63ᵇ, and elsewhere, see שֵׁם. Chullin 45ᵇ.—Horayoth 13ᵇ ר׳ י׳ בן קרשי; Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 10, beginning 37ᵇ ר׳ י׳ בן קורשיי.—3) R. J., name of many Amoraim, especially a) R. J. of K’far Nibburaya. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 3, 65ᵈ top, and frequently, see נִבּוּרַיָּא.—b) R. J. b. Idi. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 4ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 2, 47ᵃ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 83ᶜ bottom of the page; Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 19; Yevamoth 96ᵇ; and frequently—5. Friedman M’bo p. 104ᵃ, and the following—4) J. the bathing master (?). Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 4ᶜ top עד י׳ תרמוסרא היה לובשן until he came to the station of J. etc. he kept the T’fillin on; Pesikta Rabbati section 22 עד יעקר תורמוסא.—5) J. of K’far Sikhnaya, a disciple of Jesus of Nazareth. Avodah Zarah 17ᵃ; and elsewhere; see סִכְנַיָּא. ↗ original
יַעַר (Biblical Hebrew) forest. Bava Kamma 32ᵇ (referring to Deuteronomy 19, 5) ומה י׳ וכ׳ when in the case of unintentional homicide in the forest where each entered of his own accord etc.; Sifré Deuteronomy 182 מה י׳ רשות וכ׳ as in the case … in the forest, both had a right to enter. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 4, see יְאוֹר; and frequently—[יער, יאר = עור, אור, to break forth, applied to vegetation, water-course and light (compare נָהָר a. נְהוֹרָא); compare יְאוֹר a. Samuel יאר Genesis 1, 11 for Hebrew דשא.] ↗ original
יַעְרָא 1 , forest, thicket (of reeds). Targum Onkelos Exodus 2, 3; 5 (Hebrew text סוף). Targum 2 Chronicles 9, 16 edition Beck י׳ דכרמלא (eth. Lagarde edition a. other מקרת מלכיא as I Kings 10, 17).—plural יַעְרֵי. Targum Proverbs 24, 31 (Hebrew text קמשונים). ↗ original
יַעְרָא 2 , construct state יַעְרַת (Biblical Hebrew construct state יַעֲרַת, see יַעַר) flow of honey. Targum Song of Songs 4, 11. ↗ original
יָפֶה ; plural יָפִין, יָפוֹת (Biblical Hebrew; יפיto join, [well-joined, compare כָּשֵׁר, יָאֶה a. Arab. wafa,] appropriate; strong, healthy; handsome, beautiful, fine (of build); auspicious; (adverb) well, right. Nedarim 66ᵇ (an ambiguous expression, see מוּם) עד שתראי מום י׳ שביך וכ׳ until thou showest to R. … ‘an appropriate blemish’ (or ‘something handsome’) in thee; י׳ קורין וכ׳ it was nice (appropriate) that they named her lakhlukhith (aversion). Berachoth 4ᵃ י׳ דנתי have I well argued (was I right)?; י׳ חייבתי was I right in convicting?—the same place (ibid.) 34ᵃ, and elsewhere רובן קשה ומיעוטן י׳ a large dose of them is injurious, a small one wholesome (or becoming). the same place (ibid.) 39ᵃ י׳ ללב וטוב וכ׳ wholesome for the heart, and good etc. the same place (ibid.) 56ᵇ י׳ לו or י׳ is an auspicious dream; and very frequently—דעת יָפָה, see דַּעַת.—יָדַיִם יָפוֹת skilled hands for grabbing. Pesachim 89ᵇ members of a Passover party שהיו ידיו של אחד מהן י׳ one of whom is extremely quick (in taking and eating); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 7, 10 רפות edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (correct accordingly). Sifra K’dosh. Parah 1, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 3 אפי׳ בריא אפי׳ ידיו י׳ even if (among the poor coming for their share in the harvest) he (who insists on grabbing instead of distributing) is very strong, very skillful.—כֹּחַ יָפֶה a strong legal right, privilege, prerogative. Kiddushin 21ᵃ י׳ כחו ליגאל לעולם the privilege of its redemption remains unimpaired forever (up to the jubilee year); י׳ … בשנה שנייה the privilege of redemption in the second year is unimpaired; opposite הורע כחו. Shevuoth 48ᵃ י׳ כח הבן וכ׳ the son’s prerogative is stronger (more extended) than that of his deceased father was; Chullin 49ᵇ; and frequently—Oholoth 18, 6; Zavim 3, 1, see כֹּחַ.—יְפַת תֹּאַר handsome woman, especially (referring to Deuteronomy 21, 10 and the following) a gentile captive with whom the captor has had intercourse before deciding on converting and making her his legitimate wife. Kiddushin 21ᵇ כהן מהו בי׳ ת׳ is a priest permitted to marry a gentile captive?—Sanhedrin 21ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) 107ᵃ כל הנושא י׳ ת׳ וכ׳ he who marries a gentile captive will have a rebellious son (referring to Deuteronomy the passage cited a. the same place (ibid.) 18 and the following); and frequently (compare טוֹב) worth, valued. Kethuboth 8, 3 (79ᵇ) שמין אותה כמה היא יָפָה וכ׳ (Mishnah … אותן … הן יָפִין) we assess the land how much it is worth with the fruits and how much without. the same place (ibid.) 3, 7; and frequently—Denom. ↗ original
יִפָּהto beautify; to make pleasant, popular. Bereshith Rabbah section 39, beginning (referring to Psalms 45, 12) ליַפּוֹתָיךְ בעולם to make thee popular in the world. Nedarim 9, 10 יִיפּוּהָ they improved her appearance. Berachoth 43ᵇ (referring to Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 3, 11) שי׳ הקב"ה אומנתו בפני כל וא׳ א׳ Munich manuscript (different interpretation or differently interpreted in edition), see אוּמָנוּת.—participle pass. מְיוּפֶּהadorned, elaborate. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 1 נמצא מי׳ ומרובה וכ׳ was Solomon’s palace more elaborate and extensive than the Temple?—2) to improve (land). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᵃ top קצר ליַיפּוֹת וכ׳ he cut the grass for the sake of improving the land. the same place (ibid.) חייב משום מְיַיפֶּה וכ׳ he is guilty of the offence of improving the land on the Sabbath. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana S’liḥoth, p. 166ᵃ יַפֵּה כחך improve thy strength (by practicing). (with כח) to strengthen one’s rights, to confer prerogatives. Bava Bathra 7, 2 ליַיפּוֹת כחו של מוכר to give the seller the prerogative. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 8, 16ᵃ top יִיפִּיתָה כחה בנכסי האם thou hast (the Law has) given her a prerogative with reference to her mother’s property; and frequently *. יוּפָּה , with כח, to be made stronger. Peah 6, 6 [read:] יופה כחו של וכ׳ (Munich manuscript ייפיה, edition יופי) the prerogative of the owner has been made firmer, opposite הורע.—participleמְיוּפֶּה (see above). Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 2, beginning 44ᵃ חתימה … כחו מי׳ by two persons testifying to the signature her case is improved. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְיַפֶּה, , Nithpa. נִתְיַפֶּהto become handsome. Taanith 23ᵇ תִּתְיַיפִּי חנה Hannah, grow handsome, ונִתְיַיפְּתָה Munich manuscript (edition … פָּת) and she did etc. to be praised. Bereshith Rabbah section 59 נִתְיַיפִּיתָ וכ׳ thou (Abraham) hast been praised among the angels etc. ↗ original
יָפוֹ (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a place Japho (Joppa), the harbor of Jerusalem. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) X. Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 334 עד שיחיה די׳ to the excavations of the harbor of J.; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 5 ריפע (correct accordingly); see יָקַב. Shemoth Rabbah section 43 ר׳חייא … די׳ (some edition דיָפוֹא) R. Ḥ. … of J. ↗ original
יִפּוּי (יָפֶה) excellence, distinction. Tanchuma Ḥayé 1 (referring to יפיפית, Psalms 45, 3) אי זה הי׳ שלי where is my prerogative (of age)? ↗ original
יָפְיוּת (יָפֶה) beauty, excellence. Megillah 9ᵇ (referring to Genesis 9, 27) יָפְיוּתוֹ של יפת תהא וכ׳ (not יהא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) the beauty of Japheth (Greek language) shall reside in the tents of Shem (referring to the Greek Bible translation); Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 61 יוֹפְיוּתוֹ. ↗ original
יְפֵיפָהto be beautiful, distinguished. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᶜ top יָפְיָפִיתָ מבני אדם (Psalms 45, 3, applied to Aquila, the translator of the Bible into Greek; compare the preceding) thou art distinguished among the sons of man. ↗ original
יָפְיָפוּת (see the preceding) beauty, distinction. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 4 (play on תׄלׄפׄיׄוׄתׄ, the same place (ibid.)) אני הוא שעשיתיו תׄלׄ … י׳ וכ׳ I made it (the Temple) a ruin in this world, and I shall make it a beauty in the future (some edition יָפְיָפִית). ↗ original
יְפֵיפִי ; the preceding words) very fine, choice. Pesachim 6ᵇ גְּלוּסְקָא י׳ Munich manuscript a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition יפה), see גְּלוּסְקָא. ↗ original
יְפִיפְיָהּ (see the preceding) Yefifyah, (Divine Beauty), name of an angel. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 34, 6 (compare יוֹפִיאֵל). ↗ original
יָפַע , Hif'ilהוֹפִיעַto join, arrive (compare אָתָא), to come forth, appear. Bereshith Rabbah section 12 כל א׳ וא׳ ה׳ בזמנו each (part of creation) came forth in its due time (though all were created at once). to bring, transfer. Bava Kamma 38ᵃ (referring to Deuteronomy 33, 2) מפארן ה׳ ממונם וכ׳ from (what occurred at) Paran (the gentiles refusing to receive the Law) he (the Lord) transferred their wealth to Israel. to bring about, bring to light, reveal. Bereshith Rabbah section 90; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 148 (play on צׄפׄנׄתׄ פׄעׄנׄחׄ) צפׄונׄותׄ הופׄיעׄ ונׄחׄות וכ׳ he reveals secrets, and it is easy to him to tell them; צׄפׄונׄותׄ הופיעׄ בדעת מנׄיחׄ וכ׳ he brings secret things to light through his intelligence; with them he sets mankind at ease. Makkoth 23ᵇ; Bereshith Rabbah section 85 בג׳ מקומות ה׳ רוה"ק on three occasions did the holy spirit reveal (the true state of affairs); (other opinion see פּוּעַ). Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 1 (play on פועה, Exodus 1, 15) שהוֹפִיעָה את מעשה אחיה she (Miriam) brought about what happened to her brother (she was the cause of Moses’ peculiar career). to lift up, raise. Shemoth Rabbah section 1 (play on פועה, see above) שהופיעה את ישראל וכ׳ she (Miriam) lifted Israel up to God.—ה׳ פנים כנגד to lift one’s face up against, to have the courage to rebuke. the same place (ibid.) שהופיעה פ׳ … וזקפה וכ׳ she lifted her face up against Pharaoh and turned her nose up against him (in angry rebuke). the same place (ibid.) שה׳ פ׳ כנגד אביה she dared to reprove her father. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 4, 4ᵇ top of the page ↗ original
יְפַע , to appear, rise. Targum Job 3, 4 תֵּפַע (תֵּיפַע; Hebrew text תּוֹפַע). Af'el הִפְעִיל אוֹפַעsame. the same place (ibid.) 10, 3 אוֹפַעְתָּ thou appearest (approving, Hebrew text הופעת). Targum Psalms 80, 2. the same place (ibid.) 94, 1. to send forth. Targum Job 37, 15. ↗ original
יֶפֶת (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Japheth, one of the sons of Noah, progenitor of the Aryan races (Greeks, Persians etc.). Bereshith Rabbah section 36 (referring to Genesis 9, 27) זה כורש that is Cyrus (the Persians). the same place (ibid.) יהיו … בלשונו של י׳ the words of the Law shall be recited in the language of J. (Greek). Pesikta Rabbati section 35 כורש … שהוא מזרעו של י׳ Cyrus … who is a descendant of J. Megillah 9ᵇ, see יָפְיוּת; and frequently ↗ original
יִפְתָּח (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Jephthah, the Judge. Rosh Hashanah 25ᵇ י׳ בדורו כשמואל וכ׳ the authority of a J. in his days must be respected as that of a Samuel in his; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2 (1), 3 בית דינו של י׳. Bereshith Rabbah section 60; and frequently ↗ original
יָצָא (Biblical Hebrew) to go forth; to rise (of the sun); to go out. Bereshith Rabbah section 39 אֵצֵא ויהיו וכ׳ I shall leave (my father’s house), and they may desecrate etc. the same place (ibid.) י׳ לו מוניטון a medal was issued in his memory, see מוֹנִיטוֹן. Bereshith Rabbah section 6 בשעה שהוא יוצא when he (the sun) rises; בשעה שהיא יוֹצֵאת when she (the moon) rises. Sanhedrin 52ᵃ ארור שיָצָאת זו מחלציו (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) cursed is he from whose loins this woman went forth.—Shabbath 5, 1 במה … יוֹצְאָה what is an animal permitted to wear on going out (on the Sabbath)? the same place (ibid.) 6, 1 לא תֵצֵא וכ׳ a woman must not wear on going out etc.; and very frequently to end; to go to the end of, to live through. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 8, 12ᵇ bottom of the page כיון שיָצָת שבת when the Sabbath ended. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 6, 36ᶜ top אינו יוצא שבתו ולא יָ׳ וכ׳ he shall not live to the end of this week, and he did not arrive at the end of the week before he was dead; (Eruvin 63ᵃ הוציא שנתו, see below); and elsewhere to be expended. Bamidbar Rabbah section 14, end, see הוֹצָאָה. to be excluded; exempt; (rarely) to exclude, deduct. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 2, beginning 37ᵇ י׳ דבר של איסור this is to exclude a vow concerning a forbidden act; Babylonian Nedarim 17ᵃ י׳ נשבע לבטל וכ׳ this excludes the case of one who makes oath that he will disregard a law. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 1, 2ᶜ top אשר תלד יָצְתָה זו וכ׳ ‘whom she may bear’ (Deuteronomy 25, 6), herewith is excluded she (the אַיְילוֹנִית) who etc.; and very frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 1, 76ᶜ top צֵא מהם שני ימים deduct from them two days; the same place (ibid.) צא שבת מהם deduct the Sabbath day.—Esp. idiomatic uses: a) י׳ בן חורין, י׳ לחירות, or only י׳ to be freed. Peah 3, 8; Gittin 42ᵃ. Kiddushin 24ᵃ יוצאבשן וכ׳ he is freed, when his master caused his loss of a tooth or an eye; and very frequently—b) (of a wife) to be sent away, to be divorced. Kethuboth 7, 6 ואלו יוֹצְאוֹת שלא בכתובה the following wives have to leave without receiving their K’thubah. the same place (ibid.) 7 תֵּצֵא she must leave. the same place (ibid.) 10, 5; and very frequently—c) י׳ ידי (or מִידֵי) to go out of the power of; to be released; to do justice to, be justified before. Shekalim 3, 2 … לפי שאדם צריך לָצֵאת ידי הבריות לָצֵאת ידי המקום because man must appear justified before men as well as before God; Shemoth Rabbah section 51; and frequently—י׳ ידי חובתו, or י׳ to comply with the requirements of the law. Berachoth 8ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) 2, 1 אם כיון לבו י׳ if he read with attention, he has done his duty (which requires the reading of the Sh’ma). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 3, 47ᵇ bottom of the page מהו לצאת וכ׳ is the law complied with when one uses wine etc.?—Mechilta Bo, Pisḥa, section 6; and very frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 39 לא יָצָאתָה ידי השבועה thou hast not redeemed thy oath; the same place (ibid.) section 49; Vayikra Rabbah section 10, beginning—Makhshirin 6, 5; Tosefta Tohoroth 10, 3 י׳ מידי שמן, see מוֹחַל.—י׳ מידי פשוטו, see מִקְרָא.—d) י׳ מן הכלל or י׳ to be taken out of the general rule, to be specified (although being implied in the general rule). Sifra, introduction כל דבר שהיה בכלל וי׳ … לא ללמד על עצמו י׳ וכ׳ whatever would have been implied in the general law and yet is specified again (in the Biblical text) in order to teach (something not mentioned before), has been specified not only to teach something new concerning the specific case, but to teach it concerning the whole class. the same place (ibid.) י׳ לטעון, see טָעַן I. Temurah 1, 6 ולמה י׳ and for what purpose are tithes especially mentioned (Leviticus 27, 30, and the following)?; and frequently—e) כַּיּוֹצֵא ב־like that which passes with it (in the same class), similar; in a similar way. Pesachim 3, 2 אם יש כי׳ בו שהחמיץ if there is a similar dough (started simultaneously with the one in question) which has begun to ferment. Berachoth 59ᵇ, and the following ואין לו כי׳ בו when he has no house like it; כי׳ בהם garments like them. Zevachim 5, 6 המורם מהם כי׳ בהם what is taken of them for the priest, is like them (subject to the same laws). Moed Katan 16ᵇ כי׳ בדבר אתה אומר וכ׳ in a similar way (as something coming under the same category) you read etc. Sifré Numbers 32; and very frequently—f) י׳ שכרו בהפסדו its benefit is lost in its disadvantage; i.e. benefit and disadvantage are counterbalanced. Avoth 5, 11, and the following—g) (euphem.) to retire for human needs (see Tohoroth 10, 2). Berachoth 62ᵃ השכם וצֵא וכ׳ go out early in the morning etc. Shemoth Rabbah section 9 ואינו יוצא לנקביו and has no human needs. the same place (ibid.) לא היה יוצא אלא וכ׳ he used to go out only to the water (to make believe he was a superhuman being); and frequently—h) to be proved, identified. Kethuboth 2, 3 היה כתב ידם יוצא ממקום אחר if their signature can be identified otherwise (than by their own declaration); and elsewhere Hif'il הִפְעִיל הוֹצִיאto take out, to lead forth, bring forth; to release, discharge, send off. Berachoth 6, 1 before eating bread one says, המוֹצִיא לחם וכ׳ (blessed be thou, O Lord) who hast brought forth bread out of the earth (see the same place (ibid.) 38ᵃ as to המוציא or מוציא); the same place (ibid.) 37ᵇ; and frequently—Avodah Zarah 41ᵇ, and frequently אין ספק מוציא וכ׳, see וַדַּאי. Bava Metzia 37ᵇ לא זו הדרך מוֹצִיאָתוֹ מידי עבירה עד וכ׳ this is not the way that relieves him from sin (this is no full atonement), (he is not relieved) until he pays etc.; Yevamoth 15, 7. the same place (ibid.) 6, and the following אין זו דרך מוֹצִיאָתָהּ וכ׳ she is not relieved from the possibility of sin, unless she is not permitted to marry again and forbidden to partake of T’rumah.—the same place (ibid.) 36ᵇ יוֹצִיא (יוֹצִיאָהּ) בגט he dismisses her with a letter of divorce. the same place (ibid.) ואם נשא יוציא and if he married her (against the law), he must dismiss her (divorce her); and frequently—Avoth 2, 11, and frequently מוֹצִיאִין את האדם מן העולם take a man out of the world, i.e. cause him to lose the true enjoyment of life. to exclude. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 1, 2ᶜ top איילונית מטעם אחר הוֹצֵאתָהּ the aylonith thou dost (the law does) exclude for another reason (see above). Bamidbar Rabbah section 14, end אוֹצִיא את ישראל let me exclude the Israelites, א׳ את הזקנים the elders; and frequently—להוֹצִיא (= Chaldaic (Aramaic) לאפוקי, see אַפֵּק, or למעוטי, see מעט) to the exclusion of. Sukkah 28ᵃ; Kiddushin 34ᵃ האזרח לה׳ את הנשים ‘the native’ (Leviticus 23, 42) intimates the exemption of women (from the duty of dwelling in booths); and very frequently to lead to the end, to live through. Eruvin 63ᵃ, see above.—4) to produce, present. Kethuboth 13, 8 המוציא שטר חוב … והלה ה׳ וכ׳ if one produces a note of indebtedness against his neighbor, and the latter produces evidence that the claimant sold him a field (and paid him, which he would not have done, if he had a claim). the same place (ibid.) 9. the same place (ibid.) 9, 9 הוֹצִיאָה גט if she produces a letter of divorce; and very frequently—5) to spend, lay out. the same place (ibid.) 8, 5, see הוֹצָאָה; and frequently—Esp. idiomatic uses: a) ה׳ ידי חוב־ or ה׳ (see above) to be the instrument of a person’s complying with the law, e.g. to read a prayer and thus cause the listener to perform his duty as though he read it himself; to act in another’s behalf effectively. Rosh Hashanah 3, 5 אין מוֹצִיאִין את הרבים ידי חובתן they cannot act (blow the Shofar) in behalf of the assembled congregation. the same place (ibid.) 29ᵃ אע"פ שיצא מוציא although he has done his duty (has read the prayer for himself), he may act in behalf of others. the same place (ibid.) ולעצמו מוציא and can he (the half-slave and half-freedman) act in his own behalf?; and frequently—b) to collect, to claim. Kethuboth 8, 1 הבעל מוציא מיד הלקוחות the husband can reclaim the property from those who bought it. Bava Kamma 3, 11 המוציא מחבירו עליו הראייה the claimant must produce evidence; and very frequently—c) to utter. Arachin 5ᵃ, and frequently אין אדם מוציא דבריו לבטלה no man utters his words for no purpose (he must have meant something).—ה׳ לעז to slander, discredit. Shabbath 97ᵃ, and frequently, see לַעַז.—d) to carry an object (on the Sabbath) out of a private to a public place, or from one private place to another, see רָשׁוּת. Shabbath 7, 2, and the following; and frequently—e) to secrete. Sifré Numbers 88 יש לך … שאין מוציא וכ׳ is there a woman-born being that does not discharge the food he eats?; and elsewhere—f) ה׳ שבתto dismiss the Sabbath with prayer, opposite הכניס. Shabbath 118ᵇ מוֹצִיאֵי שבת וכ׳ those who dismiss the Sabbath at Sepphoris. ↗ original
יצאה , Bava Kamma 100ᵇ Mishnah; the same place (ibid.) 102ᵃ הי׳ read: היְצִיאָה or ההוֹצָאָה. Bereshith Rabbah section 98 דבית י׳, see יָצָף ↗ original
יָצַב (Biblical Hebrew) to stand, be erect.—Denom. יְצִיבָה.—5. נָצַב. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְיַצֵּבto place one’s self; to be firm. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 1 (referring to Proverbs 22, 29) מִתְיַצְּבִים בתורה they are firm in the Law. Pesikta Rabbati section 6 (referring to Proverbs the passage cited) בל יִתְיַיצָּב לפני פרעה וכ׳ he will not place himself (praying) before Pharaoh, the benighted (see חָשׁוּךְ); Shir HaShirim Rabbah the passage cited לפני מלכי תורה יתיצב he will be placed before (ranked as the foremost of) the kings of the Law; Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 1 לפני מלאכים יתי׳ he will be ranked before angels; and elsewhere ↗ original
יְצַב ; Pa'el יַצֵּבto establish. [Daniel 7, 19 to ascertain.] Targum I Chronicles 4, 23.—5. נְצַב. ↗ original
יִצְהָר 1oil. Sifré Deuteronomy 42. Sanhedrin 24ᵃ (referring to Zechariah 4, 14) י׳ אלו ת"ח שמשמינים וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition שנוחים … כשמן) ‘sons of oil’, those are the Palestinean scholars who oil (smoothe) one another in their discussions; Yalkut Shimoni Zechariah 579. ↗ original
יִצְהָר 2 (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Izhar, father of Korah. Sanhedrin 109ᵇ בן י׳ שהרתיח … כצהרים ‘the son of 1.’, for he made the world as hot to himself as noon-heat. ↗ original
יָצוּעַspreading, bed-mattress, couch. Bereshith Rabbah section 98 (play on פׄחׄזׄ, Genesis 49, 4) פׄרקת עול חׄללת יְצוּעִי זֹע וכ׳ thou hast thrown off the yoke (restraint), thou hast desecrated my couch, thy passion within thee was agitated. Shabbath 55ᵇ (referring to Genesis the passage cited) א"ת יְצוּעִי אלא יְצוּעַיי (missing in Munich manuscript, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) read not ‘my couch’ but ‘my couches’.—plural יְצוּעִים, יְצוּעִין. Bereshith Rabbah the passage cited קלקל את הי׳ he disgraced his father’s couches. Tosefta Bava Bathra 3, 1 היְצִיעִין edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading היְצָעִים); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, 14ᶜ bottom of the page יְצוּ׳ the mattresses in the press (for the laborers or watchmen). Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4, 1 יְצִי׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, beginning 15ᶜ יְצוּ׳ the mattresses on board of ships. ↗ original
יִצְחָק (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Isaac, son of Abraham. Berachoth 26ᵇ; Bamidbar Rabbah section 2 י׳ קבע וכ׳ 1. introduced the afternoon prayer (Minḥah). Bereshith Rabbah section 19; and very frequently—Rosh Hashanah 16ᵃ, and frequently עקידת י׳ the intended offering up of Isaac.—אפרו של י׳, see אֵפֶר. R. 1., a. Tannai. Sukkah 25ᵇ; Sifré Numbers 68. Makkoth 13ᵇ; and frequently (see Friedman Darkhé Mishnah p. 203).—3) name of many Amoraim, especially a) R. 1. Roba or Rabbah (the Elder). Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 5, beginning 55ᵈ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 5, 9ᵇ bottom of the page Babylonian Berachoth 33ᵇ ר׳ י׳ בר אבדימי; and frequently—b) mate of R. Imi. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 3, beginning 28ᶜ; and frequently—Taanith 5ᵇ; Megillah 15ᵃ; and frequently—c) R. 1. of Magdala. Bava Metzia 25ᵃ. Shabbath 139ᵃ. Yoma 81ᵇ.—4) 1. Saḥora (the merchant). Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 7ᶜ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith; 4, 67ᶜ bottom of the page—5. Friedman M’bo, p. 105ᵇ and the following ↗ original
יְצִיאָה (יָצָא) going out, departure; separation. Middoth 1, 3 משמשין כניס׳ וי׳ used for entrance and exit. Berachoth 9, 4. the same place (ibid.) 1, 5 מזכירין יְצִיאַת מצרים we must recite (the section alluding to) the exodus from Egypt (Numbers 15, 37—41). the same place (ibid.) 12ᵇ; and frequently—Kiddushin 5ᵃ, see הֲוָיָה.—יציאת נשמה the separation of the soul from the body, death. Moed Katan 25ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) 28ᵇ bottom of the page; and frequently—Bava Metzia 107ᵃ יְצִיאָתְךָ מן העולם thy departure from this world.—Pesikta Rabbati section 26 וְצִיאָתוֹ … לעולם when Jeremiah was born; and very frequently—plural יְצִיאוֹת. Shemoth Rabbah section 1 שתי י׳ יצא וכ׳ twice did Moses go out etc.; and elsewhere expense, ready money for expense. Bereshith Rabbah section 11 ברכו בי׳ He blessed the Sabbath day by providing for its additional expense; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 16 בִּיצִיאָתוֹ. Bereshith Rabbah the passage cited מפני הי׳ (he blessed the Sabbath) on account of its expensiveness (Yalkut Shimoni the passage cited מפני הוצאה). Bereshith Rabbah section 39 ממעטת את הי׳ (travelling) reduces a person’s means; Bamidbar Rabbah section 11. the same place (ibid.) שלא תמעט … את הי׳ that travelling may not reduce thy means; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 23. Bava Kamma 9, 4 (100ᵇ); Bava Kamma 102ᵇ היצאה (correct accordingly), see הוֹצָאָה; and frequently—plural as ab. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 3 משמוציא יְצִיאוֹתָיו after having made all his expenses (for the wedding); Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 2. Echah Rabbah to 4, 2Echah Rabbah to 4, 2 עושה שלחנות יותר מן הי׳ made the outfit of the tables for the wedding feast more expensive than the costs (of the domestic arrangements). Shemoth Rabbah section 9; Esther Rabbah to 1, 4, and elsewhere מיני י׳ הראה להם he showed them various expensive dishes; and frequently rise of the sun. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 2ᶜ top; and elsewhere the carrying (on the Sabbath) of an object from private to public ground etc.—plural as ab. Shabbath 1, 1; and frequently, see הוֹצָאָה. discharge of the bowels. Berachoth 62ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original
יַצִּיב (יָצַב) firm, irrefutable.—אמת וי׳ true and irrefutable, name of a prayer after Sh’ma in the morning and evening prayers. Berachoth 2, 2 בין ויאמר לאמת וי׳ between vayomer (Numbers 15, 37—41) and ĕmeth v’yatsib. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 2ᵈ bottom of the page א׳ וי׳ של שהרית the ĕmeth v’yatsib of the morning prayer, contradistinguished to אמת וי׳ of the night prayer (which, in the Babylonian liturgy, begins אמת ואמונה, Berachoth 12ᵃ). ↗ original
יַצִּיב ²firmly planted, see נְצַב. Targum Psalms 37, 35 (Hebrew text אזרח). Targum Zechariah 14, 9. (compare אֶזְרָח) native, citizen. Targum Psalms 88, 1 (Hebrew text אזרחי). Targum Onkelos Exodus 12, 19 (edition Berlin edition pl.); and frequently—Yoma 47ᵃ, and elsewhere י׳ בארעא, see גָּיּוֹר.—[Vayikra Rabbah section 9 יציבא, read: יליפא, see יְלֵיף.]—plural יַצִּיבַיָּא, יַצִּיבֵי. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 16, 29. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus the passage cited; and elsewhere ↗ original
יְצִיבָה (יָצַב) standing, use of the verbיצב. Mechilta Beshallach, Shirah, section 10 אין י׳ אלא נבואה the verb יצב expresses (readiness for) prophecy; see הצָּבָה. ↗ original
יָצִיעַ 2extension, wing of a building. Bava Bathra 4, 1 (61ᵃ), see אַפְתָּא 2, a. בַּרְקָא 3. Pesachim 8ᵃ. Eruvin 102ᵇ ושל י׳ and the door-pin of an extension. Tosefta Nega'im 6, 5. ↗ original
יְצִיקָה (יָצַק) casting (metal), pouring (oil). Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 2ᵈ top; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 19 נראין כבשעת יְצִיקָתָן they (the heavens) look (as bright) as at the time they were cast. Menachoth 6, 3 (74ᵇ) י׳ ובלילה the pouring of oil (on the flour, Leviticus 2, 1) and the mixing. Horayoth 12ᵃ; Kerith 5ᵇ, contradistinguished to מְשִׁיחָה; and frequently—plural יְצִיקוֹת. Tosefta Demai 2, 7; Menachoth 18ᵇ; Chullin 132ᵇ ↗ original
יְצִיר (יָצַר) creature, creation. Bereshith Rabbah section 9 (referring to I Chronicles 28, 9) קודם עד שלא נולד יצור וכ׳ ere yet a human creature is formed, his thought is revealed before thee; Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 5; Yalkut Shimoni Chronicles 1080 יציר. Pesikta Rabbati section 47 האדם י׳ כפיי Adam, the formation of my hands; Koheleth Rabbah to 3, 11 י׳ כפי. Kethuboth 8ᵃ כשמחך יְצִירְךָ וכ׳ as thou didst rejoice thy creature (Adam) in the garden etc.—plural יְצִירִים, (יְצוּ׳). Pesikta Rabbati section 26 אחד מארבעה יצו׳ … one of the four persons that are called divine creations (concerning whom the verb יצר is used in the Scriptures); Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 262 יצי׳. see יְצִירִין ↗ original
יְצִירָה (the preceding) formation, creation; nature. Yoma 85ᵃ לענין י׳ as regards the stages of embryonic formation. Vayikra Rabbah section 14, beginning כשם שיְצִירָתוֹ של אדם וכ׳ as well as the creation of man took place after that of the animals, so is the law concerning man (Leviticus 12—15) issued after that concerning animals (the same place (ibid.) 11). the same place (ibid.) יְצִירת הוולד the formation (development) of the embryo.—Sotah 2ᵃ; Sanhedrin 22ᵃ ארבעים יום קודם י׳ הוו׳ וכ׳ forty days before the embryo is formed, a divine voice goes forth etc. Niddah 22ᵇ דנין י׳ מי׳ we may draw an analogy between animals concerning whose formation the verb יצר is used (contradistinguished to ברא). Kethuboth 8ᵃ חדא י׳ הואי there was one act of formation for Adam und Eve (male and female persons combined, see Eruvin 18ᵃ); and frequently—plural יְצִירוֹת. the same place (ibid.) שתי י׳ הואי there were two different formations. Bereshith Rabbah section 14 (referring to וייצר with two י, Genesis 2, 7) שתי י׳ וכ׳ two formations, one referring to Adam, the other to Eve; יצירה לשבעה וכ׳ there is a viable birth at seven months, and one at nine months. the same place (ibid.) שתי י׳ יצירה מן התחתונים וכ׳ two creations, one partaking of the nature of earthly creatures, the other of heavenly beings. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 2, 5ᶜ bottom of the page י׳ or בית חי׳ (see יוֹצֵר) potter’s workshop. Tosefta Kelim Bava Kamma 3, 8.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 8, end, 11ᵈ בית היוצרה (correct accordingly); Tosefta Bava Metzia 8, 27 וי׳ אין פחות וכ׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading וצירה) a pottery is rented on no less than twelve months’ notice. ↗ original
יָצַעto spread, unfold. Denom. יָצוּעַ, יָצִיעַ. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִצִּיעַto spread, to prepare theיָצוּעַ, lay out the mattresses etc.; to unfold, to arrange. Shabbath 15, 3 ומַצִּיעִין את המטות וכ׳ and one is permitted to rearrange the couches, after being used on the Sabbath night, for use during the Sabbath day. Kethuboth 67ᵇ מציעין לו מטה they (the guardians of the poor) procure for him the requirements for a couch. Menachoth 44ᵃ הִצִּיעָה לו ז׳ וכ׳ she arranged for him seven couches. Gittin 56ᵇ ה׳ ס"ת he spread a scroll of the Law (to lie upon it); Bamidbar Rabbah section 18, end; Tanchuma Chukkath 1; and frequently—Mechilta Beshallach, Vayhi, section 1 ומציעין בהמתם לצאת and putting spreadings upon (saddling) their animals etc.—Tosefta Berachoth 2, 12 ובלבד שלא יַצִּיעַ את המשנה but he must not arrange (lay before them the full text of) the Mishnah; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 6ᶜ bottom of the page; Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 22ᵃ.—participle passive מוּצָע, feminine מוּצַעַת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 77ᵃ bottom of the page, see טְרִיקְלִין. Arachin 6, 3 מטה מו׳ a spread couch (supplied with all necessaries). Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Ekhah, p. 122ᵇ ומצאה מוצעת וכ׳ and found it (the garment) spread over his couch; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 258 ומצאו מוצע (correct accordingly). ↗ original
יְצַעAf. אַצַּע, Pa. יַצַּע same. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 34, 6.—participle passive מְיַיצַּע. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 24, 10 (edition Amsterdam edition מַיְיצַע; of a folding stool). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 24, 5 (of the Tabernacle. ↗ original
*יָצָףYatsaf. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 68ᵃ bottom of the page בן י׳ מן דאסף Ben Yerushalmi (prefix) is of the family of Asaph; Bereshith Rabbah section 98 דבית יצאה וכ׳ those of the house of Yerushalmi (prefix) etc. ↗ original
יָצַף (see צוף) [to flow, melt,] to be troubled, afraid (compare דאב, דאג). Pi'el פִּעֵל יִצֵּףto trouble, discourage. Tanchuma edition Buber edition Vayera 48 (quoted in ‘Rashi’ to Bereshith Rabbah section 56) [read:] הוא בא לְיַצֵּף אותך אבל הקב"ה יִיצֶף לנו וכ׳ he (Satan) comes to discourage thee, but the Lord will look out (see צָפָה) for us, as it is said, God will see etc. (Genesis 22, 8); (Tanchuma Vayera 22 אל תשגיח עליו שאינו בא אלא ליעף לנו, probably to be read: לְיַצֵּף); Pesikta Rabbati section 40 לְיַ׳ לך. ↗ original
יְצֵף , to be afraid (Hebrew דָּאַג). Targum Isaiah 57, 11 ית מן יְצֵיפְתְּ (Buxt. יְצַפְתְּ) of whom wast thou afraid?—Targum I Samuel 9, 5 ויֵיצִיף edition Lagarde edition (some edition ויַצִיף); the same place (ibid.) 10, 2. Targum Jeremiah 62, 16. the same place (ibid.) 38, 19. Pa'el פִּעֵל יַצֵּף, יַצַּףsame. Targum Jeremiah 31, 11 (Hebrew text דאב).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, 65ᵇ top נפח צפונה יַצַּף לבניך (read ללבניך or לבניניך) when the northern wind blows, be anxious for thy bricks (thy buildings). Bereshith Rabbah section 56 יצף לההוא גברא וכ׳ beware of that man (Satan), see גְּעַרIthpeel נִפְעַל אִתְיְצֵיףto trouble one’s self. Targum Psalms 38, 19 (edition Lagarde edition אִתְיַיצֵּף; Hebrew text אדאג). ↗ original
יְצַף (the preceding; compare אַצְפָּא) care, trouble.—Targum Joshua 22, 24 מיי׳ edition Lagarde edition (other edition מיו׳; Hebrew text מדאגה). Targum Jeremiah 49, 23. the same place (ibid.) 31, 24 נְפַשׁ י׳ troubled soul (Hebrew text דאבה). Targum I Samuel 25, 31 (edition Vilna edition יַצָפָא) regret (Hebrew text פוקה). Targum Ezekiel 4, 16. ↗ original
יָצַקto pour, cast. Zevachim 112ᵇ; Sanhedrin 82ᵇ היוֹצֵק a non-priest who pours oil, see יְצִיקָה. the same place (ibid.) 83ᵃ אזהרה ליוצק וכ׳ where in the Scriptures is the warning for the non-priest not to pour oil etc.?—Menachoth 3, 2; and frequently—participle pass. יָצוּק (or מָצוּק, frequently מָצַק) cast, a poetic expression for mortal, opposite to angel.—plural (מְצוּקִים) יְצוּקִים. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᵇ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, 35ᵃ י׳; Kethuboth 104ᵃ מ׳ and elsewhere, see אֶרְאֵל. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִצִּיקsame. Horayoth 12ᵃ מַצִּיקִין לו על ראשו Munich manuscript (edition מוֹצְקִין שמן, see מָצַק) they pour oil upon his head; Kerith. 5ᵇ מַצִּיק לו שמן וכ׳. Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 19 בו"ד מַצִּיק וכ׳ (Bereshith Rabbah section 12 מוֹצֵק) a human being casts a lens, see בּוּלָס. Hof. הֻפְעַל הוּצָקto be poured, cast. Sanhedrin 92ᵇ יוּצַק זהב רותח וכ׳ may hot gold be poured into the mouth etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Daniel 1062 י׳ סיד רותח.—participleמוּצָק a) cast (metal), bright. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 2ᵈ top (referring to כראי מוצק, Job 37, 18) כראי מ׳ בכל שעה וכ׳ ‘like a cast metal mirror’, at all times the heavens look as bright etc., see יְצִיקָה; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 19; Bereshith Rabbah section 12, end.—b) (compare זקק) well-joined, firm (compare 2 Samuel 15, 24; = מוצג). Yalkut Shimoni Kings 185 (referring to I Kings 7, 23) זה העולם שהוא מ׳ the basin is typical of the world which is called mutsak (firm), as we read etc. (Job 38, 38). Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 2ᶜ bottom of the page (referring to Job 37, 18, see above) you might think that the heavens become lax, … ת"ל כראי מוּצָקִים therefore it is said …, at all times they appear firmly joined. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִיצּוֹק, נִצּוֹק which see ↗ original
יָצַרto turn, shape, form. Kethuboth 8ᵃ (marriage benediction) אשר י׳ את וכ׳ who hast formed man in thine image. Berachoth 58ᵇ (prayer in a burial place) אשר י׳ אתכם וכ׳ who created you in justice etc.; and frequently—participle יוֹצֵר (as noun, see יוֹצֵר). the same place (ibid.) 11ᵇ (in the morning prayer) י׳ אור בורא וכ׳ who didst form light and create darkness.—יוֹצֵר אוֹר or יוֹצֵר name of one of the benedictions preceding the reading of the morning Sh’ma. the same place (ibid.); the same place (ibid.) 12ᵃ; and frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נוֹצָרto be formed, created; to be fully developed. Bereshith Rabbah section 9 קודם עד שלא נוֹצְרָה מחשבה וכ׳ ere yet a thought is formed in the heart of man etc. the same place (ibid.) קודם … נ׳ יצור, see יְצִיר. Avoth 2, 8 לכך נוֹצָרְתָּ for that purpose (of studying) thou hast been created. the same place (ibid.) 4, 22. Bereshith Rabbah section 14, beginning; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 4, 5ᵈ top נ׳ לשבעה if the embryo was fully developed at seven months, contradistinguished to נולד, see יָלַד. Yoma 85ᵃ; Sotah 45ᵇ מהיכן הוולד נ׳ from where does the formation of the embryo start?; and frequently—5. צוּר. ↗ original
יְצַר Targum Amos 4, 13 דִּיצַר (some edition דְּצָר), see צוּרIthpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִיתְּצַרto be created, formed. Yoma 85ᵃ; Sotah 45ᵇ ממציעתיה מִיתְּצַר the formation of the embryo starts from the central portion of the body. ↗ original
יֵצֶרthe preceding) [shape, formation, whence] (see Genesis 6, 5) = י׳ מחשבותthe formation of thoughts, bent of mind, inclination, desire.—י׳ הטוב or י׳ טוב (abbr. יה"ט or י"ט) the good nature of man, the inclination to do good; (personified) the good genius; י׳ הרע (abbreviated or abbreviation יצה"ר), also only י׳ the evil inclination, worldly desires; (personified) the tempter. Berachoth 61ᵃ מיִצְרִי, see יוֹצֵר. Bereshith Rabbah section 9; Koheleth Rabbah to 3, 11 אילולי יצה"ר לא בנה וכ׳ but for the worldly desires of man, none would build a house etc. Avoth 2, 11 עין הרע ויצה"ר וכ׳ greed, sensual passion and hatred etc. Sanhedrin 103ᵃ; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 842 שלא ישלוט בך יצה"ר that temptation may have no power over thee. Sukkah 52ᵃ … לעתיד מביאו ליצה"ר וכ׳ in the days to come the Lord shall bring the Tempter and slaughter him etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 22 מפנק את יִצְרוֹ who indulges the senses. the same place (ibid.) אם בא יִצְרְךָ להשחיקך when thy inclination (Tempter) comes to lead thee to amusement. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 8 י׳ ע"ז the passion for idolatry, י׳ זנות the passion of lust. Avoth 4, 1 הכובש את יצרו who conquers his inclination; and very frequently [Yoma 69ᵇ כובש את יצרו, read with Munich manuscript כעסו.]—plural יְצָרִים. Berachoth 61ᵃ (referring to וייצר, Genesis 2, 7, see יְצִירָה) שני י׳ וכ׳ two natures, the good and the evil. Shir HaShirim Rabbah the passage cited שני י׳ ברא וכ׳ two passions did God create in this world, see above. Sanhedrin 105ᵃ יסרו יצריכם chasten your passions; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 302.—[יְצָרִים moulds, see יְצִירִין.] ↗ original
יֵצֶר ² Targum Genesis 6, 5. Targum Psalms 13, 5; and frequently—Shabbath 156ᵇ אלמיה יִצְרֵיה, see אֲלַם. Chagigah 16ᵃ דמצי כייף ליה ליצריה when he can conquer his passion. Kiddushin 81ᵇ; Kethuboth 51ᵇ יצר אלבשה, see לְבַשׁ. Sanhedrin 64ᵃ היינו י׳ דע"ז this (lion of fire) is the passion for (tempter to) idolatry. the same place (ibid.) ניבעי רחמי אַיִּ׳ דעבירה let us pray against the sensual desire (the tempter to sexual indulgence); and frequently ↗ original
יָצַת [to break through, spread,] to kindle. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִצִּיתto kindle, cause to spread. Yoma 6, 7 (67ᵇ) משיַצִּית האור ברובן edition from the time that he (the officiating priest) causes the fire to spread over the major portion of them; [Munich manuscript משתַּצִּית את האור from the time that thou (whoever it may be) causest etc.; Munich manuscript 2 משתִּיצַּת האור (Kal, אור fem.) that the fire seizes etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) edition משיִצַּת; manuscript L. משיוּצַת (Hof.) when fire has been set; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note]. the same place (ibid.) 68ᵇ המַצִּית את האור he who kindles (stirs) the fire, contradistinguished to השורף who attends to the burning of the pieces. Menachoth 26ᵇ משתצית בו את האור (Munich manuscript משיצית האור, Manuscript Rome 1 משתיצת); Sotah 15ᵃ משתיצת האור. Menachoth the passage cited bottom of the page לא משכחת לה שתצית האור וכ׳ (Manuscript Rome 1 שתיצת; Munich manuscript שיצית, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) it is impossible that the fire should have seized the major portion of it (at sunset). Tamid 2, 4 שהיו מַצִּיתִין וכ׳ where they set the kindling wood on fire, see אֲלִיתָא. Avodah Zarah 38ᵃ, see אַגָּם. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 2, 3ᵃ במַצִּית את האור וכ׳ setting fire to each ear of corn separately. Babylonian Bava Kamma 22ᵇ בשה׳ בגופו וכ׳ when he set fire to the body of the slave; and frequently Hof. הֻפְעַל הוּצַתto be set to, to be made to spread. Yoma the passage cited, see above.—participle מוּצַת. Bava Metzia 59ᵃ (referring to Genesis 38, 25) א"ת מוצאת אלא מוּצַת Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word א"ת (= מוצתת, missing in edition a. manuscripts; compare Bereshith Rabbah section 85 a. ‘Rashi’ ad loc. (on the passage) מוצת קרי) read not, ‘she was carried out’, but ‘she was about to be burnt’. Bamidbar Rabbah section 12 (explained זהב מופז, I Kings 10, 18) דומה לגפרית מוּצֶתֶת באש it looks like sulphur when fire is set to it; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 10 מוצצת (correct accordingly). ↗ original
*יָקָאYaka. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᵇ ר׳ חנינא בן י׳; (Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 7, 31ᶜ top אִיקָא). 5. יָקֶה. ↗ original
יָקַב (compare נקב) to hollow out. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 5 (referring to Zechariah 14, 10) עד היקבים שיְקָבָן מלך מ"ה up to the hollows which the king of kings has caved out; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 334; see יָפוֹ. ↗ original
יֶקֶבthe preceding) excavation, tank.—plural יְקָבִים, יְקָבִין. Bava Bathra 67ᵇ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 2; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, 14ᶜ bottom of the page tanks of the press. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 5, and elsewhere, see the preceding↗ original
יָקַד [to penetrate,] to burn; to be on fire. Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 808 אתמול יָקְדוּ גְדִישָׁיו (not גדישי) the other day their stacks were on fire.—5. מוֹקֵד. Hof. הֻפְעַל חוּקַדto be kept burning; to be burnt into. Chullin 115ᵃ; Kiddushin 56ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 2, beginning 28ᶜ (referring to Deuteronomy 22, 9) פן תקׄדׄשׄ פן תּוּקׄדׄ אשׄ ‘lest it may become sacred (forbidden) property’, lest a fire must be lighted (for burning it). participle מוּקָד. Tanchuma Tsav. 14 האש המ׳ על המזבח וכ׳ the fire entertained on the altar will atone for him. Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 479, end, see below. Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתּוֹקַדto burn itself into. Vayikra Rabbah section 7 (referring to Leviticus 6, 2) it does not say ‘the fire of the altar shall be kept burning on it, but in it, האש היתה מִתּוֹקֶדֶת בו the fire was burning itself into it (the altar); Yalkut Shimoni the passage cited המזבח היה מוּקָד באש the altar was burned into by the fire. Vayikra Rabbah the passage cited קרוב … היתה האש מִתּוֹקֶדֶת בו וכ׳ for nearly one hundred and sixteen years was the fire burning itself into it, (and yet) its wood was not consumed etc. ↗ original
יְקַד ; also to set on fire. Targum Isaiah 10, 16. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 3, 2 יָקִיד (variant reading יַקִּיד) being burnt into. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2 the same place (ibid.) 3.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 15, 15ᵃ [read:] ערקתא יקְדַּת וספסלה יקד the strap is on fire (heated) and the bench is on fire. the same place (ibid.) לא ערקתא יקדת וכ׳ the strap was not heated etc. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 4, see below. Sanhedrin 33ᵇ, see מוֹקְדָא I. Af'el הִפְעִיל אוֹקִיד, אוֹקַדto set on fire, burn. Targum Leviticus 8, 17. Targum 2 Samuel 5, 21 (Hebrew text וישאם, see יְקוֹד); and frequently—Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Dibré, p. 112ᵇ וא׳ היכלי he set my Temple on fire. Echah Rabbah introduction, end סליק עפרא יקידא ואוקיד דרעיה glowing dust came up and burnt his arm; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana the passage cited p. 114ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 69ᵇ וא׳ זרעא and burnt the seed. Echah Rabbah to 1, 13 קרתא יקידא אוֹקִידְתָּא thou hast set on fire a burning city (see טְחַן); Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 4 דרא יקידא יַקְּדַּת (Pa.), see דָּרָא I. Ittaf. הֻפְעַל אִתּוֹקַדto be burnt. Targum Leviticus 10, 16. Targum 2 Samuel 23, 7; and frequently Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִיַּיקַּדto be on fire. Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 77ᶜ top קבריה דרבך א׳ thy teacher’s (Elisha’s) grave is on fire. ↗ original
יָקֶה (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person, בן י׳Ben Yakeh, an homiletical surname of king Solomon. Bamidbar Rabbah section 10 בן י׳ שהקיא וכ׳ Solomon is named Ben Yakeh (a son of discharge) for he discharged (abandoned) the words of the Law, like a vessel which is filled in its time and emptied in its time; Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 1; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 1. ↗ original
יְקוּם see קוּם) existence, substance, being. Koheleth Rabbah to 6, 3 מהו הי׳ קיומא what is hayy’kum (Genesis 7, 23)? Existence; R. B. says: the inhabited world (see אִיקוּמֵינֵי); R. El. says, י׳ זה הממון וכ׳y’kum means property (substance) which makes firm etc.; Bereshith Rabbah section 32. Bamidbar Rabbah section 18; Pesachim 119ᵃ; Sanhedrin 110ᵃ (referring to Deuteronomy 11, 6).—plural יְקוּמִים. Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 56 נמחו כל הי׳ (Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 23 היקום collective noun) all beings were swept away. ↗ original
יָקוּשׁfowler. Midrash Proverbs to 6, 2 (play on יקׄושׄ, the same place (ibid.) 5) כדי שלא תעשו קׄשׄ וכ׳ (not יעשו) that you might not become straw (fuel) for the fire of Gehenna. ↗ original
יָקִים (Biblical Hebrew) Jakim. Bereshith Rabbah section 65 end; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 11 י׳ איש צרורות J. (Alkimos) of Seroroth, a Hellenist, nephew of R. Jose ben Joezer. ↗ original
יַקִּירweighty, honorable.—plural יַקִּירִים. Yoma 6, 4 מיַקִּירֵי ירושלים some of the nobility of Jerusalem. ↗ original
יַקִּיר ² ch, same, heavy. Targum Psalms 38, 5 (some edition יקר). Targum Proverbs 27, 3.—Targum Onkelos Exodus 4, 10; 6, 12 י׳ ממלל heavy of speech.—Shabbath 59ᵃ די׳ when the shoe is too heavy for running. dear, precious. Targum Psalms 36, 8 (edition Lagarde edition יקר); and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 58ᵈ כספא זליל כספא י׳ silver falls or rises in price (copper being the standard) נחשא י׳ וכ׳ it is copper that falls or rises (silver being the standard). Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 5, 44ᵈ אין הוה עילויה י׳ if the higher price (paid for Jewish wine) is very great; and elsewhere honored, worthy. Targum Deuteronomy 28, 58.—Koheleth Rabbah to 11, 1 וי׳ מאומתך and worthier than the rest of thy people; and elsewhere—plural יַקִּירִין, יַקִּירִי. Targum Isaiah 23, 8, and the following Targum Ezekiel 3, 5. Targum Numbers 22, 15; and elsewhere—Bava Metzia 21ᵇ אגב די׳ because they are weighty; and frequently—Fem.יַקִּירָא, יַקִּירְתָּא. Targum Proverbs 3, 15. the same place (ibid.) 6, 26; and elsewhere—plural יַקִּירָתָא. Targum 2 Chronicles 32, 27 (edition Lagarde edition יקרתא). Targum Isaiah 3, 17 יְקִירַת וכ׳ edition Lagarde edition (other edition יִקְרַת) the nobles of the daughters etc. ↗ original
יַקִּירוּ (the preceding) dignity. Koheleth Rabbah to 11, 1 את חכים בי׳ דברייתא (some edition יקרי) thou knowest what human dignity means. ↗ original
יָקַר (Biblical Hebrew) to be heavy; (compare כָּבֵד, חוּמְרָא etc.) to be weighty, important, honored; [to be dear, precious; to hold dear, see below.] Tanchuma Beshallach 27 יָקְרוּ ידיו של משה וכ׳ Moses’ hands grew as heavy as etc.; Mechilta Beshallach, Amalek, section 1. the same place (ibid.) י׳ חטא על וכ׳ sin weighed heavily on Moses’ hands. Pi'el פִּעֵל יִיקֵּרto hold dear, honor. Devarim Rabbah section 7, end אני מגדול ומְיַיקֵּר אתכם וכ׳ I shall make you great and honored etc. Bamidbar Rabbah section 23, end (referring to a citation כי הנני משלחך כגבירה, found nowhere in the Bible—probably a reference to Jeremiah 22, 26 a. 29, 2) מה הגבירה הזו אדם מְיַקּר אותה וכ׳ (or מֵיקַיKal) as one (surely) holds in honor the g’birah (king’s mother), so did he (Nebucadnezar) to him (Jehoiachin); Tanchuma Massé 13; the same place (ibid.) edition Buber edition 10 אדם מיקר לה. (Bereshith Rabbah section 18 מיקרת ראשה she bears her head proudly; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 24; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 265 מקלת, see קָלַל).—participle passive מְיוּקָּר. Bamidbar Rabbah the passage cited קשר אותו בקורכין שלו מי׳ he tied (and seated) him in his most honored (state) carriage; Tanchuma the passage cited … בקורנין וכ׳; the same place (ibid.) edition Buber edition the passage cited קשר אותו בקרובין ומוֹקֵר לו (Munich manuscript בקרונין) he tied … and paid him honor. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הוֹקִירto grow dear, scarce; to rise in value. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 11, 34ᵇ bottom of the page ה׳ המקח the price of the field was higher (than the amount due her for alimentation). the same place (ibid.) 12, beginning 34ᵈ היו בזול והוֹקִירוּ, see זוֹל. Bava Metzia 5, 9 שמא יוֹקִירוּ חטים wheat may rise in value; and frequently to honor. Tanchuma edition Buber edition the passage cited, see above. Hof. הֻפְעַל הוּקָר as Hif'il 1.—Bava Bathra 5, 8 והוּקְרוּ; Bava Metzia 5, 8 הוקרו (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition הוקירו). Bereshith Rabbah section 35 ה׳ השמן oil became scarce (Yalkut Shimoni Kings 228 הוקיר); and frequently ↗ original
יְקַרto be heavy. Targum Psalms 38, 5 יְקַרוּ (manuscript יקירו). Targum Job 33, 7 (some edition אַיְקַרAf.). Targum Genesis 48, 10; Targum Onkelos Exodus 17, 12 יְקָרָן, edition Berlin edition יְקָרָא, see Berlin edition Targum Onkelos 2, p. 17); and elsewhere to be dear, precious. Targum I Samuel 26, 21. Targum 2 Kings 1, 13, and the following; and frequently—Bava Metzia 64ᵃ אי יַקְרָא וכ׳, see זוּל I, Chaldaic (Aramaic) Pa'el פִּעֵל יַקַּרto make heavy. Targum Lamentations 3, 7 (edition Amsterdam edition יְקַר, correct accordingly). Targum Zechariah 7, 11; and frequently to honor, hold dear. Targum Isaiah 5, 2. the same place (ibid.) 58, 13; and frequently Targum Proverbs 25, 27 מילי מְיַקְּרָתָא honoring words (flatteries).—Koheleth Rabbah to 2, 20; Vayikra Rabbah section 25 תְּיַקְּרִינֵיה, see מוֹקְרָא I; and elsewhere—[Bereshith Rabbah section 17 מיקרך, see יְקָרָא.] to offer, present. Targum Isaiah 43, 23 (not יְקרְתָּא). Targum Proverbs 3, 9; and elsewhere Af'el הִפְעִיל אוֹקִיר, אַיְקַרto honor, treat with regard. Targum Psalms 15, 4. Targum I Samuel 2, 30; and elsewhere—Bava Metzia 59ᵃ אוֹקִירוּ לנשייכו וכ׳ honor your wives (in dress etc.), in order that you may be blessed with wealth. Berachoth 48ᵃ לא את קא מוֹקְרַת קָא מוֹקְרָא לי … Munich manuscript (edition היא דמְיַקְּרָא לי …) it is not thou that honorest me, but it is the Law that honors me. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 61ᵇ הלואי … דאוֹקְרִינוּן ואירת ג"ע Oh, that I had father and mother (alive) that I might honor them and inherit paradise; Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 1, 15ᶜ bottom of the page דאַיְקְרִינְהון ונירת וכ׳; and frequently to offer. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 5, end 63ᵇ אוֹקְרֵיה חד סרקיי כמהין a Saracen sent him mushrooms as a present (on a Holy Day). Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 2, end, 13ᶜ אוֹקְרַת תאנין וכ׳ brought R. … figs as a present; and frequently—[ to be heavy. Targum Job 33, 17, see above.] Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְיַיקַּר, אִיַּיקַּרto become heavy, burdensome. Targum Lamentations 1, 14. Targum Onkelos Exodus 7, 14 (Hebrew text כבד); and elsewhere—[Avodah Zarah 46ᵇ אייקר ליה תלמודא edition, Munich manuscript איעקר גמריה, see עֲקַר.] to be honored, to honor one’s self. Targum 2 Samuel 6, 20. Targum Exodus 14, 17, and the following; and frequently—Sanhedrin 46ᵇ כי היכי דמִיַּיקַּר וכ׳ (Munich manuscript מִתְיַי׳, לִיתְיַי׳ etc.) that Abraham be honored through her (at her funeral). the same place (ibid.) לִיַּיקְּרוּ בך … דמִתְיַיקְּרֵי וכ׳ Israel will be honored through thee (at thy funeral), as they were honored at the funerals of thy ancestors. Megillah 28ᵃ אִתְיַיקּוּרֵי דמתייקרי בי they desire to be honored by me (by inviting me); and elsewhere to rise in value. Bava Kamma 103ᵃ איי׳ כיתנא flax grew dearer. Berachoth 5ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original
יָקָרthe preceding words) heavy; dear, precious, worthy; honored. Tosefta Bava Kamma 9, 12 המתבייש מן הי׳ who is put to shame by a person of high dignity (opposite פגום).—pluralיְקָרִים, יְקָרִין. Bava Bathra 100ᵇ; Megillah 23ᵇ (address to mourners) עמדו י׳ עמודו וכ׳ stand up, dear friends, stand up etc. Menachoth 44ᵃ דמיו י׳ its price is high; and frequently—Tosefta Kelim Bava Kamma 3, 2 היְקָרִין Rabbenu Shimshon to Kelim 3, 5 (edition היקירן, הייקרין) the heavy earthen vessels used for boiling pitch.—Fem.יְקָרָה, plural יְקָרוֹת. Kethuboth 106ᵃ; Sanhedrin 43ᵃ נשים י׳ וכ׳ worthy women in Jerusalem.—5. יַקִּיר. (noun) precious object, prize; choice. Bereshith Rabbah section 67 (referring to Proverbs 12, 27) כדי … שהוא יְקָרוֹ של עולם וכ׳ in order that Jacob might come who is the choice of the world etc.; the same place (ibid.) שאינם נוטלים מן יְקָרָם שלעתיד לכוא וכ׳ that they shall receive in this world nothing of their prize reserved for the hereafter; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 115, see חָרַץ.—plural יְקָרוֹת. the same place (ibid.) כדי … ויטול את הברכות שהן י׳ של עולם חרוצות לו in order that Jacob might come and take the blessings, which are the choice of the world, decreed to him (Bereshith Rabbah the passage cited שמעיקר העולם חרוצות לו). ↗ original
יְקָרthe preceding words) gravity, dignity, honor. Megillah 16ᵇ (referring to Esther 8, 17) וִי׳ אלו תפלין ‘and dignity (distinction)’ that means the T’fillin. heavy fog, mist. Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 730 כי׳ של מדבר (referring to כיקר, Psalms 37, 20) like the mist of the desert.—plural יְקָרִים the same place (ibid.) ↗ original
יְקָר ²honor, dignity. Targum Exodus 16, 7. Targum Psalms 87, 3. the same place (ibid.) 8, 6 manuscript (edition אַיְקָרָא, see אִיקָר); and frequently—Berachoth 28ᵃ top מַן י׳ Munich manuscript (edition כסא דמוקרא, Manuscript Florence דִּיקָרָא) a vessel of honor (precious vessel). Sanhedrin 46ᵇ הספידא י׳ וכ׳ are funeral ceremonies (eulogies, wailings etc.) for the honor of the deceased or of the survivors? the same place (ibid.) הנהו בני י׳ נינהו were those (the survivors of the house of Jeroboam) worthy of honors?—Vayikra Rabbah section 34 לית היא עבדא לִיקָרָךְ she acts (treats thee) not according to thy dignity; Bereshith Rabbah section 17 לִיקַרְתָּךְ. the same place (ibid.) דליתה מִיְּקָרָךְ for she is not (part) of thy dignity, i.e. not worthy of thee; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 665 דלית היא יקרך, a. דיקרך; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 352 דיק׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 11, 34ᵇ bottom of the page דאִיקְרָךְ.—Berachoth 19ᵃ הקב"ה תבע בִּיקָרֵיה the Lord takes up the cause of his offended dignity; and frequently—plural יִקְרַיָּא. Bava Kamma 102ᵇ bottom of the page יִקְרַיְיכוּ, see זִילוּתָא. value, price. Targum Psalms 49, 9 אילו יהיב יקר וכ׳ manuscript (edition Lagarde edition ויהיב יקר; edition ויהי יקיר) were he to pay the price for their redemption.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᵃ bottom of the page (in a probably corrupted sentence) וי׳ אוף ציבחר הוה סידרה יקיר though the value (of the sandal) was but a trifle, yet order (consistency in decisions) is precious; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 12, 12ᵈ top (correct accordingly). ↗ original
יַקְרוּת (the preceding words) dignity, dignified demeanor. Echah Rabbah to 4, 2 (referring to היקרים the same place (ibid.)) ומה היתה יַקְרוּתָן wherein did their dignity manifest itself? ↗ original
יָקַשׁto clap, catch in a trap. Nif'al נִפְעַל נוֹקָשׁto be entrapped. Midrash Proverbs to 6, 2 [read:] נוֹקַשְׁתֶּם באמרי פיכם וכ׳ you have been entrapped through your own words (Exodus 24, 7), you have been caught (taken captives) through (neglecting) them. ↗ original
יָרֵא (Biblical Hebrew) to tremble, fear; to revere; to shun. Shabbath 88ᵃ (referring to Psalms 76, 9) אם יָרְאָה וכ׳ if she (the earth) trembled, how could she be at rest, etc.?—Berachoth 16ᵇ ליִרְאָה את שמך so as to fear thy name.—(Usu. as participle or adjective) יָרֵא masculine Nedarim 8ᵇ (referring to Malachi 3, 20) אלו … שהן יְרֵאִין להוציא וכ׳ who are afraid to utter the name of the Lord in vain.—יְרֵא חֵטא shunning sin, of careful conduct, conscientious. Avoth 2, 5. the same place (ibid.) 8; and frequently—יְרֵא שָׁמַיִם God-fearing, pious. Berachoth 8ᵃ גדול … יותר מי׳ ש׳ he who lives on the (honest) labor of his hand, stands higher than the pious man. Sukkah 49ᵇ, see יָרַע; and frequently—Fem. יְרֵאָה, construct state יְרֵאַת. Echah Rabbah to 2, 13 (play on יׄרׄושׁלׄםׄ) הבת שיׄרׄאה ומשׁולׄמׄת לי the daughter that fears (me) and is at peace with me. the same place (ibid.) כשאת יְרֵיאָה את מושלמת לי Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (missing in edition) when thou art God-fearing, thou art at peace with me. Yevamoth 62ᵇ.—participle passive יָראוּי. Berachoth 33ᵇ; Megillah 25ᵃ Munich manuscript (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). Nif'al נִפְעַל נוֹרָא , fut. יִוָּרֵאto be feared. Koheleth Rabbah to 9, 7; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Ul’kaḥ., p. 183ᵇ, and elsewhere למען תִּוָּרֵא וכ׳ (Psalms 130, 4) ‘in order that thou mayest be feared’, that the fear of thee be put on mankind.—participle נוֹרָאfearful, awe-inspiring. Berachoth the passage cited Yoma 69ᵇ לא אמר נ׳ Jeremiah did not say nora (only gadol a. gibbor, Jeremiah 32, 18).—Fem. pl. ניֹרָאוֹתawe-inspiring deeds. the same place (ibid.) אתא … נכרים … איה נוֹרְאוֹתָיו came Jeremiah and said, Strangers dance on His temple ruins, where are His awful deeds?; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 7, 11ᶜ. the same place (ibid.) לזה נאה לקרות נורא בנ׳ וכ׳ (Daniel said) Him it is becoming to call awe-inspiring for the awful deeds He performed for us etc.; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 19; and frequently Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְיָירֵא, , Nithpa. נִתְיָירֵאto be feared, revered. Zevachim 115ᵇ (referring to Psalms 68, 36) בשעה … מִתְיָירֵא ומתעלה וכ׳ when the Lord executes judgment on His saints, He is feared and praised etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 525. to be afraid. Berachoth 61ᵇ אי אתה מתי׳ מפני וכ׳ art thou not afraid of the (Roman) government?—Midrash Tehillim the passage cited שנכנסו … וכא נִתְיָירְאוּ the enemy entered His house and were not afraid (of the Lord). Shemoth Rabbah section 29 אם המטרונה מִתְיָירֵאת וכ׳ if the queen is afraid, what shall the servants … do?; and frequently ↗ original
יִרְאָהthe preceding) infin. of יָרֵא which see fear. Berachoth 17ᵃ יִרְאָתִי the fear of me. the same place (ibid.) ערום בי׳ cautious in religious affairs. Koheleth Rabbah to 9, 7 שתהא יִרְאָתְךָ וכ׳, see the preceding—עשה מִיִּ׳ (or עבד) to do good (to worship) from motives of fear, opposite מאהבה. Sotah 31ᵃ; and frequently, see אַהֲבָה.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 5, 20ᶜ bottom of the page פרוש י׳, see פָּרוּשׁ; and very frequently—יִרְאַת שמים fear of the Lord; יִרְאַת חטא fear of sin (see the preceding). Berachoth 6ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) 16ᵇ; and frequently object of fear, idol. Sanhedrin 106ᵃ הוציאה יִרְאָתָהּ וכ׳ she took her idol out of her bosom. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Vayhi. p. 65ᵇ; Mechilta Bo. section 13 יִרְאָתֵנוּ our (Egyptian) deity; and frequently—plural יִרְאוֹת. the same place (ibid.) Beshallach, Vayhi, section 1; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 230 מכל הי׳ שלהם of all their (the Egyptians’) gods. ↗ original
יַרְבּוּזstrawberry-blite (see Löw Low, Aramaische Pflanzennamen, Leipzig 1881 p. 189 and the following); [other opinion asparagus.] Tosefta Kilayim 1, 11; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 27ᵃ bottom of the page דרכון (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word שזף: דרקון; Rabbenu Shimshon to Kilayim 1, 4 ירבון; correct accordingly).—plural יַרְבּוּזִין. Shevi'ith 9, 1 הי׳ השוטים wild yarbuz (with large leaves); Munich manuscript הי׳ והשוטין (see commentary or commentaries); Sukkah 39ᵇ הי׳ והשיטין (Munich manuscript 2 והשוטין, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)). ↗ original
יָרָבְעָם (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Jeroboam, J. ben Nebat, the first king of Israel. Berachoth 35ᵇ. Sanhedrin 10, 2 (90ᵃ); and frequently J. ben Joash, king of Israel. Pesachim 87ᵇ. Yevamoth 98ᵃ ↗ original
יָרַד (Biblical Hebrew) to move about, run; especially to go down; י׳ ל־to enter; י׳ מ־to leave. Tanchuma Bechukkothai 5 (referring to וירדתי, Judges 11, 37) וכי … יוֹרֵד על ההרים … עולים להרים does one go down on the mountains, do not men go up to etc.?; the same place (ibid.) הניחני ואֵרֵד אצל ב"ד (edition Buber edition 7 ואלך) give me leave that I may go down to the court-house; Yalkut Shimoni Judges 67. Menachoth 109ᵇ מה זה שלא י׳ לה כך when this one (Shimei) who was not permitted to enter into it (the office) became so jealous, היוֹרֵד לה וכ׳ how much more so is he who once has entered it (and is to be ousted). the same place (ibid.) כל האומר לי לֵירֵד ממנה וכ׳ whoever would ask me to resign it (the office), I would throw at him etc.—Taanith 8ᵇ יָרְדוּ גשמים it rains. the same place (ibid.) 8ᵃ אין גשמים יוֹרְדִים וכ׳ the rain falls only for the sake of the men of faith. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 2ᵇ מה מים יורדין וכ׳ as the water (rain) comes down in drops.—י׳ לנכסי to take possession of, seize, administer property. Bava Metzia 38ᵇ היוֹרֵד לנ׳ שבוים he who takes possession of the property of captives. Tosefta Kethuboth 8, 2, and the following; and frequently—י׳ מנכסיו to be compelled to leave an estate, to become poor (compare היוֹרֵד לנ׳ שבוים he who takes possession of the property of captives. Tosefta Kethuboth 8, 2, and the following; and frequently—י׳ מנכסיו to be compelled to leave an estate, to become poor (compare דִּלְדִּל). Bereshith Rabbah section 71; Echah Rabbah to 3, 4; Nedarim 64ᵇ; and frequently—(קרבן) עוֹלֶה ויוֹרֵדa sacrifice of higher or lesser value according to pecuniary conditions (Leviticus 5, 6—11). Shevuoth 21ᵃ. Horayoth 2, 7 (9ᵃ); and frequently—[For other idiomatic uses, see עָלָה.]—participle passive יָרוּד which see Hif'il הִפְעִיל הוֹרִידto let down, bring down; to lower. Taanith 8ᵃ בשעה שהשמים … מִלְּהוֹרִיד וכ׳ edition (Munich manuscript, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) when the heavens are locked up so as not to let down rain. Vayikra Rabbah section 1 ירד שה׳ את התורה Moses is surnamed Yered (I Chronicles 4, 18) because he brought down the Law; שה׳ את חשכינה וכ׳ he caused the Divine Presence to come down etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 7ᵈ top לא הוֹרִידוּ אותו מגדולתו they did not remove him from his position. Sotah 13ᵇ (referring to Genesis 39, 1) א"ת הוּרַד אלא הוֹרִיד שה׳ וכ׳ read not ‘he was brought down’, but ‘he did bring down’, for he (Joseph) was the cause of the removal of the astronomers of Pharaoh from their positions.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 4, 4ᵇ top הוֹרִידָן מנכסיהן he drove them out of their estates (compare Babylonian Bava Kamma 38ᵃ); and very frequently—ה׳ לנכסי (see above) to appoint as administrator. Bava Metzia 38ᵇ מוֹרִידִין קרוב לנ׳ שבוי we may appoint a relative (presumptive heir) an administrator of the estate of a captive; and frequently—לא מעלה ולא מוריד neither raises nor lowers, i.e. has no effect or influence. Chullin 45ᵇ. Gittin 52ᵃ, and elsewhere דברי חלומות לא מעלין ולא מוֹרִידִין dreams must not be regarded. Menachoth 5, 6, and elsewhere מעלה ומוריד moves upward and downward.—[Tosefta Parah 9 (8), 6 שהוא מוריד, see מוֹרִיר.]—מעלין … ולא מורידין, see עָלָה. ↗ original
יַרְדֵּן (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun Jordan, the river of Palestine. Tosefta Bechoroth 7, 4; Bechoroth 55ᵃ, see יֶרַח; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 4, end, 7ᵃ עריבת הי׳; Babylonian Shabbath 83ᵇ ספינת הי׳ Jordan boats which are loaded on dry land and let down into the river.—כיפת הי׳, see כֵּיפָה. ↗ original
יַרְדְּנָא Targum Genesis 13, 10. the same place (ibid.) 32, 11; and frequently—Bechoroth 55ᵃ, see זַכְרוּתָא↗ original
יָרוּד , יְרוּדָה feminine (יָרַד) low, common, of little value. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 2ᵇ י׳ שבכלים the commonest of vessels (earthen); (Taanith 7ᵃ פחות, Sifré Deuteronomy 48 גרוע). Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 5, beginning 9ᶜכל הי׳ מחבירו וכ׳ the less valuable metal is in exchange considered the coin, the more valuable is the merchandise. Pesikta Rabbati section 1Taanith 7ᵃ פחות, Sifré Deuteronomy 48 גרוע). Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 5, beginning 9ᶜכל הי׳ מחבירו וכ׳ the less valuable metal is in exchange considered the coin, the more valuable is the merchandise. Pesikta Rabbati section 13 י׳ מכל השבטים the lowest of the tribes (Joseph, being a slave). Echah Rabbah to 4, 2 (אשה) י׳ ממנו a wife of a lower position than himself. Shemoth Rabbah section 30 לי׳ שבאומות וכ׳ do you desire to connect yourself with the lowest of all nations (Israel)?; and frequently—plural יְרוּדִים, יְרוּדִין; יְרוּדוֹת. Pesikta Rabbati the passage cited ↗ original
*יָרוֹד 1 [probably to be read: יָרוֹר; see חֲוַרְוָר a. וָרִיר] white spot in the eye (leucoma). Shabbath 78ᵃ יא׳ edition (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) יר׳; Oxford manuscript יָי׳; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 8 (9), 8 חֲוַורְוָאר edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.), variant reading חוורד, חרוד, Rashi to Shabbath the passage cited quotes חֲוַרְוָר). ↗ original
יָרוֹד 2 common gender (see next word) yarod, a bird of solitary habits, mentioned in connection with the ostrich (as in Biblical Hebrew ובנות יענה).—plural יָרוֹדִין, (יָרוֹר׳) יָרוֹדוֹת. Tosefta Kilayim 5, 8 הי׳ והנעמיות וכ׳ (variant reading הירורין והנעמית) the y. and the ostrich are considered as birds in every respect (opposing the popular belief that the ostrich is a cross-breed between a camel and a bird, see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Strouthos); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 8, 31ᶜ bottom of the page הירודות והנעמית (some edition הירור׳).—[Avodah Zarah 11ᵇ ירוד, Munich manuscript, see יָרִיד.] ↗ original
יָרוֹד (see Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 1630) 1) same. Chaldaic (Aramaic) (see Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 1630) same.—plural יָרוֹדִין, יָרוֹדֵי. Targum Micah 1, 8, and frequently (edition Lagarde edition everywhere ירורין; Hebrew text תַּנִּים).—Targum Job. 30, 29 ירורין edition Lagarde edition (variant reading יַלּוֹלִין). Targum Psalms 74, 14 לירודי (edition Lagarde edition לירורי, Hebrew text לציים!). (= עָרוֹד, עָרוֹדָא) wild ass. Targum Jeremiah 2, 24 כירודא (edition Lagarde edition כירורא, Hebrew text תאנתה, see Rashi ad loc. (on the passage)). Kethuboth 49ᵇ יארוד ילדה ואבני וכ׳ edition (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) יר׳) a yarod gives birth and casts (her young) upon the people of the town, i.e. a parent must support his minor children. Sanhedrin 59ᵇ י׳ נאלא thou howling y. (talking out of the way; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 14 תנין שוטה Hebrew).—plural as ab. Targum Jeremiah 14, 6 (edition Lagarde edition ירור׳; Hebrew text תנים). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 32, 10 שידין וי׳ (edition Amsterdam edition וִידוּרִין, correct accordingly). Targum Isaiah 13, 22 וי׳ (in connection with חתולין, edition Lagarde edition וירורין; Hebrew text ותַנִּים).—Fem. plural יְרוֹדָאתָא. Echah Rabbah to 4, 3 (referring to גם תנין וכ׳, the same place (ibid.)) אילין י׳ כמין מסווין פריסין וכ׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אילין י׳ אית להון כמין וכ׳) those yaruds (knowing their ferocious instincts) have a sort of mask spread over their faces when sucking their young etc.; [different interpretation or differently interpreted interpret. of the verse in Tanchuma Bechukkothai 3, edition Buber edition 5.] ↗ original
יָרוֹקlight-colored, yellow or greenish. Eduy. 5, 6 דם הי׳; Niddah 2, 6 הי׳ the greenish secretion (menstruation). the same place (ibid.) 19ᵇ כתם י׳ וכ׳ a greenish stain on the garment; and frequently—Sukkah 3, 6 הי׳ ככרתי an Ethrog green like leek.—plural יְרוֹקִיםgreen colors. Nega'im 11, 4, and elsewhere, see יְרַקְרַק.—Fem. יְרוֹקָה. Bamidbar Rabbah section 9 מאדמת עושין אותה י׳ if she was of a ruddy complexion, the test waters make her pale. ↗ original
יָרוֹק ²same. Targum Exodus 10, 15; and frequently—Targum Leviticus 13, 49 (Hebrew text ירקרק).—Chullin 62ᵃ בדירוק׳ כרסה as regards the bird whose belly is green.—Pesachim 30ᵇ בין חיורא בין אוכמא ובין י׳ Munich manuscript (edition יורקי) whether white, dark or green (glazed).—plural יְרוֹקִין, יְרוֹקֵי. the same place (ibid.) בעו מיניה י׳ Munich manuscript (edition יורקא). green, foliage, grass. Targum Genesis 9, 3, and elsewhere יְרוֹק עסבא.—Bava Kamma 44ᵃ. Arachin 31ᵇ אנא קדים אכיל י׳ וכ I ate grass before thee (am older); and elsewhere—plural construct state יְרוֹקֵי. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 1, 30 י׳ עסבין. = יַרְקוֹנָא which see (see יֶרֶק) name of a species of fish (green fish). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 1, 27ᵃ bottom of the page, see אַסְפְּרוֹן. ↗ original
ירָוֹקָה (the preceding) י׳ שעל פני המים grass upon the water, a sort of sea-weed or moss used for wicks. Shabbath 2, 1, explained the same place (ibid.) 20ᵇ אוכמתא דארבא, see אוּכָּם.; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2 beginning 4ᶜ, see כִּיתָּן. jaundice. the same place (ibid.) 14, 3 שהן לי׳ they are used as a remedy for jaundice. ↗ original
יֵרוֹקָנָא ; pl. יֵרוֹקָנִין, יְרָקוֹנִין (the preceding arts.) various herbs. Targum 2 Kings 4, 39 (edition Lagarde edition ירקונין, some edition יַרְקָנִין).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 4, 74ᵈ חד מחזר פטירין עם ירקונין one scholar made a translator read over again who translated (Exodus 12, 8) ‘unleavened bread with herbs’ (in place of מרורין bitter herbs); Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 3, end, 65ᵈ (corrupted in accord. with Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah the passage cited). ↗ original
יְרוּשָּׁהconquest, taking possession. Sifré Numbers 107 (referring to Numbers 15, 18) אחר י׳ וישיבה וכ׳ the text means after conquering and settling in the land (proving from Deuteronomy 11, 31); Kiddushin 37ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) 37ᵃ מושב לאחר י׳ וישיבה משמע the word dwelling (e.g. Leviticus 23, 14) means after conquest etc. the same place (ibid.) 38ᵃ; and frequently inheritance, heirloom. Avoth 2, 12 שאינה י׳ לך for it (the knowledge of the Law) does not come to thee by inheritance (without toil). Nedarim 81ᵃ that it may not be said י׳ היא להם scholarship comes to them by inheritance. Sifré Deuteronomy 345 (referring to Deuteronomy 33, 4) שומע אני י׳ לבני מלכים וכ׳ I might understand, it is an inheritance of the sons of the nobles etc. the same place (ibid.) לִירוּשָּׁתִי אני חוזר I am returning to my own heirloom; Shemoth Rabbah section 33 לִירוּשַּׁת אבותי to my paternal heirloom. Bava Bathra 110ᵇ בת י׳ having the right of inheritance. the same place (ibid.) 113ᵇ י׳ ראשונה the first succession (direct heirs, children etc.); י׳ שנייה indirect heirs (brothers etc.); and very frequently ↗ original
יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a place Jerusalem. Sukkah 51ᵇ מי … י׳ בתפארתה וכ׳ he who has not seen J. in her glory, has never seen etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 43 (interpret. מלכי־צדק, Genesis 14, 18) צדק נקראת י׳ Jerusalem is called by the name of Tsedek (Righteousness; referring to Isaiah 1, 26). Bamidbar Rabbah section 10; Megillah 15ᵃ שמו … בידוע שהוא מי׳ (a prophet) whose name is mentioned without the name of his home, is, to be sure, from Jerusalem (see יְרוּשַלְמִי); and very frequently ↗ original
יְרוּשְׁלֵם Targum Genesis 14, 18 (Hebrew text שלם). Targum Joshua 12, 10; and frequently—Nedarim 50ᵃ י׳ דדהבא a golden head-band with the picture of Jerusalem on it; Shabbath 59ᵃ (explained עיר של זהב).—Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 רבתי (J. compared with Athens); and frequently ↗ original
יְרוּשַׁלְמִי (the preceding) of Jerusalem, Jerusalemite. Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Joh. 1) כל נביא … י׳ היה every prophet whose home is not mentioned was a citizen of Jerusalem (see יְרוּשָׁלַיִם). the same place (ibid.) to 1, 1 רבתי (חד מאת׳ 8) אזל י׳ לאתינס the Jerusalemite went to Athens. Tosefta Kethuboth 13 (12), 3 איזהו כסף צורי זה י׳ what does Tyrian currency mean? It means the Jerusalem standard. Bamidbar Rabbah section 14 לשון י׳ Jerusalem (Palestinean) dialect, see כִּיסּוּפָא.—תלמוד י׳ Jeremiah Talmud, the Palestinean collection of Mishnah and Gemarah, contradistinguished to the Babylonian (תלמוד בַּבְלִי).—תרגום י׳ (abbr. ת"י, misnamed Targum Jonathan) Targum Y’rushalmi, name of a Chaldaic version of the Pentateuch, contradistinguished to Targum Onkelos (see Berliner Targum Onkelos 2, p. 100, a. Sm. Dictionary of the Bible under the word Versions).—Fem. יְרוּשׁלְמִית. Chullin 65ᵃ, see יוֹחָנָא 2. Eruvin 83ᵃ, see סְאָה.—plural יְרוּשַׁלְמִיּוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 1, 25ᵇ top, see הָגַן. Yoma 44ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original
יָרוֹתָא (יְרַת) = Hebrew יוֹרֵשׁ, conqueror; heir. Targum 2 Samuel 14, 7.—Bereshith Rabbah section 56 שנאיה דביתא י׳ the enemy of house (Ishmael) will be the heir.—plural יָרוֹתִין, יְרוּ׳; יַרְתִין. Targum Judges 18, 7. Targum Jeremiah 8, 10. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 24, 18.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 3, end, 21ᵈ כתב … לוַרְתוֹי R. L. wrote to his (Kahana’s) heirs. ↗ original
יְרוּתָּא (the preceding) = Hebrew יְרוּשָּׁה, a conquered land. Targum Onkelos Numbers 24, 18 (Hebrew text יְרֵשָׁה; Yerushalmi (prefix) I תריכין). conquest; possession, heirloom. Targum Deuteronomy 2, 5; 9, and frequently (edition Berlin edition יְרוּתָּ׳; other edition a. Yerushalmi (prefix) יְרוּתָ׳).—Targum Proverbs 20, 21 יְרוּתְתָּ׳ edition Lagarde edition; and elsewhere—Vayikra Rabbah section 9 יְרוּתְתִּי גבך וכ׳ my heirloom (the Law) is with thee, and thou wouldst withhold it (refuse to teach me)?; ומה יְרוּתְתָּךְ גבי (not ירתותן) and what heirloom of thine do I hold?; and elsewhere ↗ original
יָרֵחַ [traveller,] moon. Chullin 60ᵇ אמרה י׳ וכ׳ said the Moon to the Lord; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 8. the same place (ibid.) מיעטתי את הי׳. see מָעַט. Berachoth 56ᵇ Munich manuscript (edition סיהרא). ↗ original
יֶרַח (Biblical Hebrew; the preceding; Assyr. arḥu) month. Rosh Hashanah 11ᵃ, see זֵיוְתָן. Tanchuma Noah 11, see בּוּל 3; and elsewhere proper noun of a place Yeraḥ, at the southernmost point of Lake Tiberias; בית י׳Beth-Yeraḥ, near Yeraḥ, a twin-town of Sennabris (see סִנְבְּרַאי). Bereshith Rabbah section 98 (explained כנות, Deuteronomy 3, 17) R. El. says י׳; R. Samuel … בית י׳; R. Judah … Sennabris and Beth Yeraḥ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 70ᵃ two autonomies כגון בית י׳ וכ׳ like B. Yerushalmi (prefix) and Sennabris. Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 30, 32, explained חרשי, 2 Samuel 24, 6 בית י׳.—Tosefta Bechoroth 7, 4 איזהו ירדן מבית יְרֵחוֹ ולמטה (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) יריחו) the real Jordan is from B. Y’reḥo and down; Bechoroth 55ᵃ אין ירדן אלא מבית יריחו וכ׳. ↗ original
יְרַח (= Hebrew יָרֵחַ a. יֶרַח) moon; month.—יומא די׳ or י׳ (supply (understood word) ריש) the first day of the month, New-Moon-Day. Targum Isaiah 47, 13. the same place (ibid.) 66, 23. Targum I Samuel 20, 18. Targum Ezekiel 46, 1; and frequently—Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 21, 13 יִרַח יומין edition Berlin edition (other edition יְרַח; Yerushalmi (prefix) תלתא יַרְחִין).—Vayikra Rabbah section 29; Pesikta Rabbati section 40 (referring to בחדש השביעי, Leviticus 23, 24) בי׳ דשבועתא in the month of oaths (Genesis 22, 16). Shabbath 86ᵇ בחד בשבא איקבע י׳ the New-Moon was declared on the first day of the week. the same place (ibid.) פליגי בקביע די׳ they differ as to the day on which the New Moon was declared. Betzah 4ᵇ והשתא דידעינן בקביעא די׳ and now that we know the time of the New Moon (by fixed calendar); and frequently—plural יַרְחִין, יַרְחַיָּא, יַרְחֵי. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 1, 14. Targum Exodus 2, 2; and frequently—Rosh Hashanah 20ᵃ בשאר י׳ as to the other months (than Nisan and Tishri). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 57ᵈ bottom of the page Makkoth 23ᵇ; and frequently—תריסר ירחי שתא twelve months (forming) a year, twelve months from date. Bava Metzia 16ᵇ; 35ᵃ. Avodah Zarah 8ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original
יַרְחִינָאָה (denominative of יַרְחָא) versed in the regulation of the lunar year, Yarḥinaah, surname of Samuel, the Babylonian scholar (see Rosh Hashanah 20ᵇ top). Bava Metzia 85ᵇ שמואל י׳ אסייה וכ׳ Samuel Yarḥinaah was the physician of Rabbi. ↗ original
יריto permeate, penetrate; to shoot forth. Niddah 43ᵃ; Chagigah 15ᵃ [read:] כל … שאינו יוֹרֶה כחץ אינה מזרעת (Munich manuscript אינו מוליד; Munich manuscript 2 שאינה יוֹרָה, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) a spermatic emission which does not permeate (shoot forth) like an arrow, cannot fructify; Yevamoth 65ᵃ היא קיימא לה בי׳ כחץ she can feel it whether the emission is permeating etc. Sifré Deuteronomy 42 יוֹרֶה שמתכון … יורד וכ׳ the rain is called yoreh (shooting), for it is aimed at the earth with deliberation, and does not come down in a storm; Taanith 6ᵃ יורה שיורד בנחת.—2) to throw, shoot. Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 133 לִירוֹת בב׳ ידיו to throw spears with both hands; see below. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הוֹרָהto permeate. Sifré the passage cited שמוֹרֶה ומרוה הארץ וכ׳ for it (the yoreh, see above) pervades and satisfies the earth and gives her drink down to the deep (Taanith the passage cited, Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 863 only שמַרְוֶה).—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 1, 49ᵃ top משיורו וכ׳, read: משיִרְווּ, see רָוָה a. מַרְוִית.] to point, aim at, shoot, cast. Echah Rabbah to 1, 18 שלש … הוֹרוּ בו three hundred arrows did they shoot into his body; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 61ᵃ bottom of the page יורו במשיח וכ׳ (read: הורו or יָירוּ, Kal). Yalkut Shimoni Genesis the passage cited (frequently Midrash Vayisu) היה מוֹרֶה חניתית וכ׳ he threw spears with both hands etc. Shemoth Rabbah section 3 (referring to והיריתיך, Exodus 4, 12) מורה אני וכ׳ I shall shoot my words into thy mouth like an arrow; and frequently to point out, to direct, teach, instruct; to decide. Horayoth 1, 1 הוֹרוּ ב"ד וכ׳ if a court has (through error) directed to transgress one of the commands etc. the same place (ibid.) 2 ה׳ ב"ד וידעו וכ׳ if a court has given a decision and finding out its mistake reversed it. Yevamoth 10, 2 הוֹרוּהָ ב"ד לינשא if a court instructed her that she may marry again. Berachoth 31ᵇ; Eruvin 63ᵃ כל המוֹרֶה הלכה בפני וכ׳ whoever decides a law-point in the presence of his teacher. Avoth 5, 8 המוֹרִים בתורה וכ׳ who decide in religious matters against the law (by means of sophistry). Shabbath 19ᵇ ה׳ … כר׳ וכ׳ R. … decided in agreement with the opinion of etc.; and frequently [Eruvin 65ᵃ (a citation, from Sirach 10, 26?; see, however, Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 70) בצר אל יוֹרֶה he who is in trouble, should give no opinion—applied by analogy to prayer in an unsettled condition of mind.] ↗ original
ירי ² , Af. אוֹרִי, הוֹרִי same, to teach. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 16, 2. Targum Micah 6, 4.—Shabbath 19ᵇ ההוא תלמידא דא׳ וכ׳ there was a student who decided … in favor of Rabbenu Shimshon’s opinion. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 1, 49ᵃ ה׳; and frequently—אַיְירִי, see אֲרִי I. ↗ original
יָרִיד (יָרַד) meeting-place, market, annual fair generally dedicated to a deity. Avodah Zarah 11ᵇ י׳ שבעין בכי י׳ שבעכו, (Munich manuscript ירוד, ירור) a market-place (with the idol) at Baalbek, at Acco (see נִדְבָּכָה). the same place (ibid.) 13ᵃ הנושא ונותן בי׳ של גוים (Munich manuscript edition בשוק של עכ"ום) one who deals at a fair of gentiles. the same place (ibid.) הולכין לי׳ של עכ"ום וכ׳ one may go to an idolatrous fair and buy there etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 39ᵇ; ᶜ bottom of the page (only) הולכין ליריד; Bereshith Rabbah section 47; and frequently—plural יְרִידִים, יְרִידִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) the passage cited 39ᵈ top ג׳ י׳ הן וכ׳ there are three (Palestinean) fairs, that of Gaza etc.; Bereshith Rabbah the passage cited—Bereshith Rabbah section 67; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 115 [read:] את לך י׳ והוא יש לו שווקים thou (Esau-Rome) hast fairs, and he (Israel) has markets (i.e. you compete in commerce); and elsewhere ↗ original
יְרִידָה 1 Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 39ᵈ top י׳ דצור the market place of Tyre. [the same place (ibid.) יְרִידָהּ של בוטנה, see the preceding] ↗ original
יְרִידָה 2 (יָרַד) going down, fall, decline, degradation.יְרִידַת גשמים rain-fall. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 14ᵃ top; and frequently—Zevachim 53ᵃ יְרִידָתוֹ מן הכבש his descent from the inclined plane (see כֶּבֶשׁ). Yerushalmi (prefix) Horayoth 3, beginning 47ᵃ עלייתו י׳ היא לו his elevation (to office) would rather be a degradation to him (placing him under legal disadvantages). Shemoth Rabbah section 42 שהיה לו י׳ מצד אחיו degradation (excommunication) came to him from his brothers’ side. Vayikra Rabbah section 29 כשם שלאלו י׳ as for these (nations) decline is in store; and frequently—plural יְרִידוֹת. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 1 ג׳ י׳ ירד שלמה Solomon had three declining periods of his power. ↗ original
יְרִיָיה (יָרָה) shooting. Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 133 (frequently Midrash Vayisu) יְרִיַית חצים וכ׳ (not ירוית) shooting of arrows and stones from catapults. ↗ original
יְרִיעָה ירע to shake, tent-cloth, curtain. Oholoth 8, 1; and frequently—plural יְרִיעוֹת. the same place (ibid.) 15, 4 בית שחצצו או בי׳ … a room which has been divided off by boards or curtains. Tanchuma T’rumah 9. Shemoth Rabbah section 50; and frequently—Transferred a writing sheet containing several columns of writing and being part of a scroll. Treatise Sof’rim 2, 6 אין פוחתין בי׳ וכ׳ a sheet of a Torah scroll must have no less than three and no more than eight columns. the same place (ibid.) 5 עושה אותו י׳ קטנה he may have for that column a special small sheet. Menachoth 30ᵃ. Tosefta Shabbath 8 (9), 13; and frequently—plural as ab. Shabbath 11ᵃ אם … ושמים י׳ וכ׳ if all waters were ink …, and the heavens sheets etc., see חָלָל 3. Tosefta Yadayim 2, 10; and frequently ↗ original
יְרִיעֲתָא , curtain, hanging. Targum Exodus 26, 2; and frequently—plural יְרִיעָן, יְרִיעָתָא. the same place (ibid.) 1, and the following; and frequently ↗ original
יָרֵךְ , construct state יֶרֶךְ feminine (Biblical Hebrew; compare ארך) [length-side,] haunch, thigh, i.e. “the thick and fleshy member which commences at the bottom of the spine and extends to the lower leg (שׁוֹק)” (Ges. H. Dictionary under the word). Chullin 7, 1 נוהג בי׳ של ימין applies to the right leg. the same place (ibid.) 2 שולח אדם י׳ וכ׳ one may send to a gentile a haunch with the nervus ischiadicus (see גִּיד) in it. Sotah 11ᵇ; Shemoth Rabbah section 1 י׳ מכאן וי׳ מכאן וכ׳ a leg on one side, and a leg on the other, and the potter’s mould between; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 7, beginning 34ᵃ כיָרֵיךְ עבה עבד וכ׳ R. J … wants the Passover lamb roasted like a thick (stuffed) thigh.—יוצאי י׳ descendants. Bava Bathra 8, 2 כל יוצאי יְרֵיכוֹ של בן וכ׳ all direct descendants of the (deceased) son (male heir) have the precedence to the daughter (the decedent’s sister); and frequently—Dualיְרֵכַיִם. Tosefta Oholoth 3, 4, and the following—plural יְרֵיכוֹת. Sotah the passage cited; Shemoth Rabbah the passage cited (explained אָבְנַיִם, Exodus 1, 16) בשעה … יְרֵכיֹתֶיהָ … כאבנים when a woman is about to give birth, her thighs grow cold like stones. side. Bereshith Rabbah section 69, see חָדד. Megillah 13ᵃ אין אשה … בי׳ של חבירתה a woman is made jealous only by the side of another woman (rival). the perpendicular stroke of a letter, leg. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᶜ top יְרֵיכוֹ של ה"א the leg (stroke on the left side) of the He; the same place (ibid.) י׳ קטנה a small indication of it. the same place (ibid.) אם גורדו … י׳ קטנה if he erases the (blotted letter Gimmel) and there remains a slight leg (indication of the vertical stroke connecting the head of the Gimmel with its foot).—plural as ab. Gittin 20ᵃ, see חָקַק. Shabbath 138ᵇ כירה … אחת מִיְּרֵכוֹתֶיהָ a portable stove one of whose legs is off. ↗ original
יְרַךְ Targum Onkelos Numbers 5, 22 יירך edition Berlin edition (manuscripts יַרְכָּא, יָרֵךְ; edition יַרְכִין plural). the same place (ibid.) 21. Targum Exodus 1, 5; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 78 מטלע על יַרְכֵיה (not יריכה) limping on his thigh; and elsewhere—plural יִרְכָן, יַרְכָּן, (יַרְכִין). Targum Exodus 28, 42; and elsewhere—[Bava Bathra 4ᵇ, see דָּיְכֵי.] ↗ original
יַרְכוּנָאsame.—plural יַרְכוּנִין. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 5, 22 (some edition יַרְכוֹ׳). the same place (ibid.) 21 יַרְכוּנִיךְ (edition Amsterdam edition יְרֵיכוֹנָךְ). ↗ original
יַרְמוּךְYarmukh, Hieromax, a river emptying into the Jordan below Lake Tiberias. Parah 8, 10. ↗ original
יַרְמַטְיָאYarmatia. Arachin 5, 1 (19ᵃ); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 1 רימטיא. ↗ original
יִרְמְיָה (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Jeremiah, J. the prophet. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Dibré, p. 114ᵇ י׳ רׄםׄ יׄהׄ he is named J., because in his days the Lord (Shekhinah) moved from place to place; Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 257 י׳ יׄרׄםׄ יׄהׄ. the same place (ibid.) … י׳ שבימיו אׄרׄיׄמׄיׄןׄ he is called J., because in his days the Temple became deserted; Koheleth Rabbah beginning, see אֱירֶימִיאָה. Megillah 14ᵇ. Sanhedrin 95ᵃ; and very frequently—(ספר) ר׳ the Book of Jeremiah. Bava Bathra 14ᵇ name of several Amoraim, especially R. J., pupil of R. Zera. the same place (ibid.) 23ᵇ ועל דא אפקוה לר׳ י׳ וכ׳ for this (burlesque question) they ejected R. J. from college. the same place (ibid.) 165ᵇ עיילוה לר׳ י׳ וכ׳ upon this (reply) they reinstated R. J.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 81ᵈ bottom of the page; and frequently—5. Friedman M’bo p. 108ᵃ; 118ᵇ ↗ original
יְרַק Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 25, 9 תִּירוֹק.—Yevamoth 39ᵇ ויַרְקַת וכ׳ and she spat before him etc. (Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 12, 13ᵃ top ורָקַת).—5. רְקַק, רוּק.↗ original
יָרַק 2 (Biblical Hebrew) to be light-colored, pale, green, yellow. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הוֹרִיקto become green, pallid, pale. Sotah 3, 4 פניה מוֹרִיקוֹת her face grew pale (sickly); Sifré Numbers 8; Tosefta Sotah 3, 3; and frequently to make pale, cause to fade. Berachoth 44ᵇ כל ירק חי מוֹרִיק vegetable eaten raw makes pale. Bereshith Rabbah section 13 (referring to ארקא, Jeremiah 10, 11) כנגד … שהיא מוֹרֶקֶת וכ׳ the earth is called arka, corresponding to the season of Tebeth which causes her fruits to fade. to make shine (like gold, bronze etc.; compare ירקרק Psalms 68, 14). the same place (ibid.) section 43; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 73 (referring to וירק, Genesis 14, 14) בכלי זיין הוֹרִיקָן he made them glisten with armor; באבנים … ה׳ with jewels; בפרשת שוטרים הוריקן he made them bright (courageous) by reading the section (Deuteronomy 20, 1—9); Nedarim 32ᵃ הוריקן בזהב; הוריקן בתורה (variant reading הֵרִיקָן מן התורה, see רִיק).—ה׳ פנים כנגד (compare כִּרְכֵּם) to turn a brazen face against, to defy, oppose. Bereshith Rabbah the passage cited; Yalkut Shimoni the passage cited הן הוֹרִיקוּ פ׳ וכ׳ they opposed Abraham. the same place (ibid.) אברהם ה׳ פ׳ וכ׳ Abraham defied them. ↗ original
יְרַק ² , Af. אוֹרִיקsame, to become pale etc. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 31, 18 אפהא מוֹרִיקַן her face grew pale. Targum Psalms 113, 9 מוֹרִיקָא looking pale (with envy; manuscript מוֹדִיקָא, see דּוּק). ↗ original
יֶרֶקthe preceding words) green, herb. Peah 3, 4, see מַלְבֵּן. Maasroth 4, 5, see זֵיר. the same place (ibid.) יַרְקָהּ פטור its herb (foliage) is exempt from tithes. Berachoth 36ᵃ מין י׳ הוא it is a species of herb, opposite אילן; and frequently—plural יְרָקוֹת. the same place (ibid.) 6, 1. Pesachim 2, 6 ואלו י׳ וכ׳ and these are the (bitter) herbs which may be used as maror. Rosh Hashanah 1, 1 ר"ה … לנטיעה ולי׳ a new year as regards … the planting (of trees) and (the tithes from) herbs; and frequently—יַרְקוֹת חמור (variant reading יְרִיקַת, יְרוֹקֶת) ass-herbs, the large-leaved cucumis agrestis (see Löw Low, Aramaische Pflanzennamen, Leipzig 1881 p. 333). Oholoth 8, 1 (compare Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 13, 5).—2) name of a species of green-fish. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 2, beginning 8ᵇ, opposite to לכיס (see יָרוֹקָא). ↗ original
יַרְקָאsame, herb. Targum Deuteronomy 11, 10. Targum I Kings 21, 2; and elsewhere—Menachoth 85ᵃ (proverb) לבית י׳ י׳ שקול Munich manuscript (manuscript L. למַת, edition למתא) to Herbtown carry herbs.—plural יַרְקִין, יַרְקַיָּא, יַרְקֵי. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 15, 19 (edition Amsterdam edition יִרְקֵי). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 28, 23.—Rosh Hashanah 20ᵃ משום י׳ on account of the herbs (which would spoil by lying over two days, if the Day of Atonement would immediately precede or follow the Sabbath). (adjective) green. Targum Job 28, 19 מרגלא י׳ (Hebrew text פטדה, see יַרְקָן).—plural יַרְקִין, fem.יַרְקַן. Targum Esther 1, 6.—Targum Onkelos Leviticus 14, 37 (Yerushalmi (prefix) יוּרְקַן), see יָרוֹקָא. ↗ original
יֵרָקוֹןthe preceding words) jaundice. Berachoth 25ᵃ … מביא לידי י׳ causes jaundice. Shabbath 33ᵃ סימן לשנאת חנם י׳ a type of (punishment for) gratuitous hatred is jaundice; and frequently a disease of the grain, mildew. Taanith 3, 5 (some commentary or commentaries: ‘a human disease’). Kethuboth 8ᵇ ↗ original
יַרְקוֹנָאjaundice. Targum Jeremiah 30, 6. mildew. Targum Deuteronomy 28, 22 (?). Targum I Kings 8, 37; Targum 2 Chronicles 6, 28 יוּרְקָנָא; and elsewhere ↗ original
יְרָקוֹנָא (see יֶרֶק) (supply (understood word) חמר) a wine flavored with herbs. Avodah Zarah 30ᵃ מר י׳ Munich manuscript (edition ירנקא) bitter wine, that is y’rakona plural יְרָקוֹנִין, see יֵרוֹקָנָא↗ original
יַרְקָן (the preceding words) a greenish jewel. Targum Onkelos Exodus 28, 17 (edition Berlin edition יָ׳); 39, 10; Targum Ezekiel 28, 13 (Hebrew text פטדה).—Fem. form. יַרְקְתָא, יְרוּקְתָּא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus the passage cited ↗ original
יְרַקְרֵיקָא (see next word) name of an unclean bird, supposed to be the gier-eagle. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 11, 18; Deuteronomy 14, 17 (Hebrew text רחם, רחמה; Yerushalmi (prefix) שרקרקא). ↗ original
יְרַקְרַקthe preceding words) pale-colored, greenish. Tosefta Nega'im 1, 5; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 3, 53ᵈ איזהו י׳ שבירוקים which of the green colors is called y’rakrak? Answ … the color of wax etc.—Sifra Thazr. Parah 5, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 14 (referring to Leviticus 13, 49; 14, 37) י׳ ירוק שבירוקיםy. means the palest of the pale (green) colors. Nega'im 11, 4; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) the passage cited י׳ שבירוקים the palest of etc. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 5, 5; and frequently—Fem. יְרַקְרוֹקֶת. Megillah 13ᵃ אסתר י׳ היתה (Oxford manuscript ירקרקות היתה כהדסה) Esther was of a greenish complexion (like a myrtle). ↗ original
יָרַשׁ (Biblical Hebrew) [to enter into, take the place of,] to conquer; to take possession, to succeed, inherit. Bereshith Rabbah section 11, end י׳ את העולם במדה had his worldly share assigned to him with limitation. Bereshith Rabbah section 44 ליוֹרְשֵׁנִי to be my heir. Bava Bathra 8, 5 איש … לא יִירַשׁ וכ׳ this man, my son, shall not be an heir with the rest of his brothers. the same place (ibid.) בתי תִירָֹשֵנִי my daughter shall be my heiress. the same place (ibid.) ראוי ליוֹרְשׁוֹ entitled to succeed him. the same place (ibid.) 9, 1 (139ᵇ) הבנים יִירְשׁוּ (Babylonian edition יֵרְשׁוּ) the sons take possession of the estate; and frequently—5. יוֹרֵשׁ. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הוֹרִישׁto cause to inherit, to leave by will or by the law of succession; to transmit. the same place (ibid.) 119ᵇ מוֹרִישִׁין ואינן יורשין they shall leave (the Holy Land to their children) but shall not take possession themselves. Shevuoth 47ᵃ אין אדם מוֹרִישׁ שבועה לבניו a man cannot transmit an oath to his sons, i.e. property to be obtained only by the claimant’s oath cannot be claimed by his heirs. Kethuboth 43ᵃ; Kiddushin 16ᵇ אין אדם מוריש זכות בתו וכ׳ a man cannot bequeathe his daughter’s privileges to his sons. Bava Bathra 9, 8 if the house fell עליו ועל מוֹרִישָׁיו over himself (the heir) and his ancestors; and frequently to drive out, dispossess. Sifré Deuteronomy 51 סמוך … לא הוֹרַשְׁתָּ (the Jebusite) who is near thy palace thou hast not driven out; and elsewhere ↗ original
יְרֵת Targum Genesis 15, 4. Targum Deuteronomy 9, 1; and frequently—Kethuboth 4, 10 (in a marriage contract) יֵרְתוּן וכ׳ they shall succeed to thy dowry (כְּתוּבָּה); Bava Bathra 131ᵃ. Yoma 72ᵇ לא תֵירְתוּן, see גֵּיהִינָּם. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 7 מן דיֵירוּת, see בְּזַז I. Bereshith Rabbah section 44 יֵרֵית, see לוֹט I. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 61ᵇ ואֵירַת, see יְקַר; and frequently Af'el הִפְעִיל אוֹרִיתto bequeathe, leave, give possession. Targum Proverbs 8, 21. the same place (ibid.) 13, 22; and elsewhere—Bava Bathra 131ᵃ בר אוֹרוּתֵי one likely to make a will (a sick person). Bava Metzia 16ᵃ אוֹרְתָהּ if he willed it away; and elsewhere ↗ original
יֵרְתוּ (the preceding words) heirloom, legacy. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 27, 7.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 3, 21ᵈ שבק י׳ וכ׳ left a legacy to etc. ↗ original
יֵשׁbeing, substance, wealth (of knowledge etc.). Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 5, end, 39ᵇ; Sukkah 28ᵃ; Bava Bathra 134ᵃ (Proverbs 8, 21, applied to R. Joh. b. Zaccai). there is, there are, see אִית. Berachoth 6, 4 אם יש ביניהם וכ׳ if there is among them one species etc. Peah 8, 8 מי שיש לו וכ׳ he who possesses etc. Chagigah 14ᵇ יש נאה דורש וכ׳ many a one preaches well but does not act well; and very frequently—יש אומרים (abbr. י"א) some say (anonymous authority). Horayoth 13ᵇ אסיקו … ולר׳ נתן י"א the editors introduced ‘others say’ for R. M. and ‘some say’ for R. Nathan. Bava Bathra 93ᵇ וי"א אף הוצאה and some say, he must indemnify him also for carrying the seed out; מאן י"א who is meant by ‘some say’? (see Tosafoth ad loc. (on the passage)). Avoth 5, 6; and very frequently—יֶשְׁנוֹ he is, it is. Kiddushin 1, 10 כל שי׳ במקרא וכ׳ whosoever is (engaged) in the study of the Bible etc. Chagigah 4ᵇ כל שי׳ בביאה י׳ וכ׳ whosoever is bound to visit the Temple, is also bound etc., see הֲבָאָה; and frequently—יֶשְׁנָהּ she is, it is. Kiddushin 48ᵃ, and frequently י׳ לשכירות וכ׳ the relation of employment exists from beginning to end, i.e. the employer is under obligation for every portion of the contracted labor, opposite אינה ל׳ … אלא בסוף the obligation takes effect only when the work is finished; and frequently ↗ original
יָשַׁב (Biblical Hebrew) to sit down, rest; to dwell, remain; to be inactive. Makkoth 3, 15 כל חיוֹשֵׁב ולא עבר וכ׳ whoever is inactive and commits no sin, i.e. omits to do wrong; Kiddushin 39ᵇ.—Eruvin 100ᵃ שֵׁב ואל תעשה עדיף ‘sit and do nothing’, i.e. not to act in doubtful cases, is better, opposite קום ועשה. Berachoth 20ᵃ שב ואל תעשה שאני with an omission it is different. Tosefta Sanhedrin 7, 8 ולא יֵשְׁבוּ … להם שֵׁבוּ and they must not sit down until he says to them, Be seated; Horayoth 13ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 3, 65ᶜ bottom of the page—Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 2, 23ᵃ top שי׳ בישיבח who has a seat in the scholars’ meetings. Sanhedrin 10ᵇ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 1 אחד אומר לֵישֵׁב if one is in favor of sitting (holding deliberation in court). Zevachim 2, 1 יוֹשֵׁב in a sitting position. Berachoth 28ᵇ מיוֹשְׁבֵי בה"מ one of the attendants at college, יושבי קרנות those placed at street corners (traders, idlers). Bereshith Rabbah s 75 יושבי קרנות (corrupted קרונות) sitting in chariots; and very frequently to be settled (see יִישּׁוּב), be inhabited. Bamidbar Rabbah section 4 הגבעה … יוֹשְׁבִים Gibeah and Kiryath Jearim were settled at the same time.—Eruvin 86ᵃ (referring to Psalms 61, 8) אימתי יושב עולם לפני וכ׳ (Rashi a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) יֵשֵׁב) when is the world settled (evenly balanced) before God? When kindness and truth are appointed to guard it (different interpretation or differently interpreted in Rashi; see below). Pi'el פִּעֵל יִשֵּׁב, יִישֵּׁבto settle, put in place, to arrange evenly. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 12, beginning 13ᶜ הבנאי י׳ את האבן וכ׳ the builder that placed a stone on top of the row (see דִּימוֹס I). the same place (ibid.)ᵈ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 8, 33ᵇ top מפני שהוא כמְיַישֵּׁב בידו because it is like settling the web with one’s own hand. Vayikra Rabbah section 37 [read:] יָשַׁב וְיִ׳ להם סבלותם וכ׳ he sat down (as a judge) and arranged their burdens in proper proportions between man and woman. the same place (ibid.) אתה עתיד ליַישֵּׁב וכ׳ thou art designated to settle and explain to my children their vows etc. Shemoth Rabbah section 31 (referring to Psalms 61, 8, see above) יַשֵּׁב עולמך make thy world evenly balanced (as to property); Tanchuma Mishpatim 9 תיישר עולמך בשוה (read: תְּיַישֵּׁב). Shemoth Rabbah section 52 לא היו יודעין ליַישְּׁבוֹ they knew not how to put its parts together; and frequently—Transferred to set the mind at ease, to quiet. Shabbath 87ᵃ דברים שמְיַישְּׁבִין לבו וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition שמושכין) words which quiet the mind of man etc.; Bereshith Rabbah section 80 דברים שמְיַישְּׁבִים את הלב. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 5, end, 32ᵈ (explained וישב, 2 Samuel 7, 18) וַיַישֶּׁב עצמו לתפלה he quieted his mind for prayer; and elsewhere to settle, cultivate, populate. Berachoth 58ᵇ … עתיד להחזירו וליַישְּׁבוֹ Munich manuscript (edition ליִישּׁוּבוֹ) the Lord will again people it. Sotah 22ᵃ מְיַישְּׁבֵי עולם cultivators of the world.—participle pass. מְיוּשָּׁב, feminine מְיוּשֶּׁבֶת a) seated. Megillah 21ᵃ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 7, 48ᵈ top; and frequently—b) sedate, at ease. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 8ᵇ bottom of the page לבו מי׳ his mind is at ease (about his animal); Babylonian Berachoth 30ᵃ לפי שאין דעתו מי׳ עליו because his mind is not at ease without it. Sifré Numbers 131 היה … בקי ומי׳ the polemarch was experienced and cool-headed; and frequently Hif'il הִפְעִיל הוֹשִׁיבto seat, place, appoint; to settle. Yoma 38ᵃ and the following; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 7 במקומך יוֹשִׁיבוּךָ people will finally seat thee in the place which thou deservest. Tosefta Shabbath 6 (7), 17 (among superstitious practices) חמוֹשֶׁבֶת אפרוחים (ו)אמרה איני מוֹשַׁבְתָּן וכ׳ a woman who sets hens to brood and says I will not set them except in pairs (see edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) note). Sanhedrin 4, 4 מוֹשִׁיבִין אותו וכ׳ a seat is assigned to him in the third row. Makkoth 10ᵃ ואין מוֹשִׁיבִין אותם וכ׳ and we must not lay them out except on a river; (Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3 (2), 8 בונין).—Tosefta the passage cited מביאין … ומושיבין וכ׳ other people are imported and settled in their place. Bava Kamma 16ᵇ bottom of the page הוֹשִׁיבוּ ישיבה וכ׳ they held scholars’ meetings by his grave. Sanhedrin 17ᵃ אין מושיבין בסנהדרי וכ׳ none can be appointed members of the Sanhedrin except etc.; and very frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נוֹשָׁבto be inhabited. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 43 ארץ נוֹשֶׁבֶת an inhabited land, settlement; (Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 15 יִישּׁוּכ). Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל חִתְיַישֵּׁב, , Nithpa. נִתְיַישֵּׁבto be settled, colonized. Berachoth 31ᵃ כל ארץ שגזר … ליישוב נִתְיַישְּׁבָה every land which Adam designated for settlement, has been settled. to be at ease, to be refreshed, to come to. Yoma 82ᵃ אם נִתְיַשְּׁבָה דעתה if she feels that her craving has been gratified. Echah Rabbah to 1, 11 (referring to להשיב נפש, the same place (ibid.)) עד כמה מִתְיַישֶּׁבֶת נפש how much is required for one fainting from hunger (see בּוֹלִימוֹס) to come to himself again?—Chagigah 3ᵇ לאחר שנתיישבה דעתו after his excitement had subsided. Eruvin 65ᵃ כל המתיישב ביינו he who remains clear-minded when drinking wine. Kinnim 3, 6 כל זמן … דעתם מתישבת עליהם the older they grow, the more clear-minded do they become, opposite מיטרפת; and frequently ↗ original
יְשַׁבIthpaalאִתְיַישַּׁב, contracted אִיַּישַּׁב as the precedingHithpa. 2. Berachoth 58ᵇ חזייה דלא מִיַּישְּׁבָא דעתיה edition (manuscript מִתְיַישְּׁבָא) he saw that he was not comforted.—5. יְתֵב. ↗ original
יֶשֶׁבְאָב (Biblical Hebrew) Jeshebab, name of a priestly division. Tosefta Sukkah 4, 28 edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading יְשֵׁבָב); Sukkah 56ᵇ ישבב. 5. next word↗ original
יְשֵׁבָב (see the preceding) proper noun of a male person Jeshebab, Y’shebab, brother and substitute of the Highpriest Ishmael b. Kimḥith. Yoma 47ᵃ (Munich manuscript 2 ישובאב). name of a priestly division, see the preceding—3) a Tannai, contemporary of R. Akiba. Kethuboth 29ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) 50ᵃ. Chullin 2, 4. ↗ original
יִשְׁבִּי (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Jishbi, a Philistine. Sanhedrin 95ᵃ; Bereshith Rabbah section 59. ↗ original
יֵשׁוּ (abbreviated or abbreviation of יֵשׁוּעַ) proper noun of a male person Jesus of Nazareth. Sanhedrin 43ᵃ י׳ הנוצרי Munich manuscript (edition only י׳). the same place (ibid.) 107ᵇ (represented as a disciple of R. Joshua b. P’raḥia, with whom he fled to Egypt); Sotah 47ᵃ. Avodah Zarah 17ᵃ מצאתי אדם אחד מתלמידי י׳ הנוצרי ויעקב וכ׳ I met one of the disciples of J. the Nazarean whose name was Jacob (see יַעֲקֹב 5); Tosefta Chullin 2, 24 יֵשׁוּעַ בן פנטירי (variant reading פנטרי); the same place (ibid.) 22 ובא … ישוע בן פנטרא and Jacob … came to cure him with the name of J. the son of Pantera; Avodah Zarah 27ᵇ (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 300); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 40ᵈ bottom of the page נימא לך בשם י׳ בן פנדרא shall I speak a charm to thee in the name of J. the son of Pandera; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 14, 14ᵈ bottom of the page משם של ישו פנדירא … the same place (ibid.) ולחש ליה משמיה די׳ פ׳ and he whispered to him a charm, in behalf of J. P.; [In Babli editions published unter censorial restrictions all the above quoted passages are omitted or changed; in Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 8 פלני is substituted.] ↗ original
יִשּׁוּב (יָשַׁב) settlement, inhabited land, opposite מדבר or ים; cultivation, social world, civilization; public welfare. Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 15; Ruth. R. to 1, 17 אם אין אדם מתקן ביי׳ וכ׳ if man does not prepare provision in the inhabited settlement (this world), what will he have to eat in the desert (the hereafter)?—Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 5, end, 5ᵃ, see אָוָוז. Berachoth 31ᵃ, see יָשַׁב. the same place (ibid.) 58ᵇ הרואה בתי … ביִשּׁוּבָן he who sees Israelitish places in their inhabitable condition (restoration), opposite בחורבנן. the same place (ibid.) עתיד הקב"ה להחזירו ליִשּׁוּבוֹ the Lord will restore it again. Tamid 29ᵇ; Bava Kamma 80ᵇ משום י׳ א"י in order to maintain the cultivation of Palestine. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 2, end, 13ᶜ י׳ עולם בבורות social welfare depends on wells; באילנות on trees. Kiddushin 1, 10 אינו מן הי׳ does not belong to the civilized world. Bereshith Rabbah section 35 בני אדם של י׳ civilized (polite) people; and frequently (with or without דעת) ease of mind, calmness. Bereshith Rabbah section 19 בי׳ הדעת באת עליו she came to him with deliberation (logical arguments). Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 1, 36ᵈ bottom of the page; Bamidbar Rabbah section 10 מתיך י׳ (הדעת) in a calm state of mind, opposite אקפדה; and frequently ↗ original
יִשּׁוּן (יָשַׁן) allowing to dry up, leaving unused. Tosefta Avodah Zarah 8 (9), 3 וכמה יִשּׁוּנָן (the same place (ibid.) Tohoroth 11, 16 כמה הוא מְיַשְּׁנָן) how long must they remain unused? ↗ original
יֵשׁוּעַ (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Jeshua, name of several persons. Yadayim 3, 5 Babylonian edition (Mishnah יהושע). Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 82ᶜ יֵישׁ׳.—Tosefta Chullin 2, 22; 25; see יֵשׁוּ. (sub מִשְׁמָר) the priestly division of Jeshua which was the ninth in the order of divisions on duty each week (I Chronicles 24, 7—18). Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Haomer, p. 69ᵇ; Pesikta Rabbati section 18; Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 3; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 643 [read:] אימתי הן תמימות בזמן שיש י׳ ושכניה ביניהם when are the seven weeks between Passover and Pentecost ‘complete’ (Leviticus 23, 15), i.e. beginning and ending with the week? When the divisions of J. and Shekhania are between them, i.e. when there are ten Sabbaths between the first of the month of Nisan on the first Sabbath of which the turn commences, and the sixth of Sivan. Jeshua (redemption), a disguise for פִּדְיוֹן; see בֵּן. Bava Kamma 80ᵃ ↗ original
יְשׁוּעָהredemption, help. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 14; Vayikra Rabbah section 24; Moed Katan 5ᵃ יְשׁוּעָתוֹ של חקב"ה the salvation by the Lord; and frequently ↗ original
*יָשַׁטto spread, stretch.—5. וֶשֶׁט. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הוֹשִׁיטto stretch forth, to hand, reach. Chullin 140ᵇ ה׳ ידו לקן וכ׳ if one put his hand forth into a nest and cut there. Avodah Zarah 6ᵇ לא יוֹשִׁיט וכ׳ one must not hand a cup of wine to a nazarite etc. the same place (ibid.) קתני לא יושיט … לא יתן it says, ‘he shall not reach over’ and not ‘he shall not give’ (which means that the object is beyond the reach of the other person). Pesikta d'Rav Kahana S’liḥ. p. 167ᵇ; Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 744 ה׳ הדסים offered myrtles, i.e. asked pardon; and elsewhere ↗ original
יְשַׁטAf. אוֹשֵׁיט same. Targum Judges 6, 21. Targum Exodus 22, 7; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 4, 74ᵈ top מוֹשֵׁט תרגומא מן גו סיפרא reaching forth for a Chaldaic version from between the (Hebrew) book. ↗ original
יִשַׁי (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Jesse, father of king David. Berachoth 58ᵃ. Pesachim 119ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original
יְשִׁיבָה (יָשַׁב) sitting, rest. Chagigah 15ᵃ … למעלה לא עמידה ולא י׳ וכ׳ Munich manuscript (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) on high there is no standing up and no sitting down (effort and rest), no emulation etc. Yoma 69ᵇ, and frequently אין י׳ בעזרה none were allowed to sit down in the Temple court. Bereshith Rabbah section 38, and frequently כל מקום שאתח מוצא י׳ וכ׳ wherever you find sitting (retirement, use of the word ישב) recorded in the Bible, there Satan leaps forth (trouble arises). Yevamoth 106ᵃ יְשִׁיבָתָהּ זו היא עמידתה this her sitting is to her a getting up (sitting up is to her a great effort; other explained: her being left seated, is her erection, i.e. her failure to be married to the yabam is a benefit to her); and frequently settlement, dwelling. Kiddushin 37ᵃ, and elsewhere, see יְרוּשָּׁה. Kethuboth 110ᵇ יְשִׁיבַת כרכים קשה living in large cities is a hardship. Shabbath 10ᵇ עיר שיְשִׁיבָתָהּ קרובה a town of recent settlement; and frequently scholars’ session, council, academy; court. Yoma 28ᵇ זקן ויושב בי׳ an elder and member of council. the same place (ibid.) לא פרשה י׳ מהם they (our early ancestors) were never without council (a representative body). Pesachim 119ᵃ top המכיר … בי׳ who knows his colleague’s place in meetings; … המקבל בי׳ who greets his colleague in meetings with kindness. Berachoth 57ᵃ ראש י׳ presiding officer. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 7ᵈ top ומינו את ר"א … בי׳ they elected R. El. … (president) in regular session. the same place (ibid.) הושיבו … בי׳ they installed him as president. Bava Bathra 120ᵃ בי׳ הלך וכ׳ in court or college give the preference to learning, in social entertainment to age; and frequently—י׳ של מעלה divine court. Bava Metzia 86ᵃ נתבקש בי׳ של מ׳ has been summoned before divine justice (is dead); and frequently—plural יְשִׁיבוֹת. Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 8 אפשר שהי׳ הללו טועות וכ׳ is it possible that those colleges be lost in such futile errors; Tosefta Chullin 2, 24 שהסיבו הללו טועים (correct accordingly; see, however, סֵיבוּ). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 10, 12ᶜ bottom of the page שימשתי את אבא עומדות מה שלא שמשת י׳ I have served my father at more ‘standing meetings’ (standing up as an Amora) than you have served at college sessions; Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 3, beginning 78ᵈ; and frequently ↗ original
יְשִׁיטָאBar-Y’shita. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 4, 75ᶜ top of the page ↗ original
יָשִׁישׁ [substantial,] old, venerable.—plural יְשִׁישִׁים. Moed Katan 25ᵇ, see גֶּזַע. ↗ original
יִשְׁמָעֵאל (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Ishmael, son of Abraham; also (as patron.) the people of 1., Arabs, Bedouins. [Targum Job 15, 20, variant reading in edition Lagarde edition]—Bereshith Rabbah section 45 אף י׳ באומות I., too, among the nations (was named before he was born, Genesis 16, 11). Bava Bathra 16ᵇ; Bereshith Rabbah section 59 שעשה י׳ תשובה וכ׳ in as much as 1. repented of his evil deeds in his (Abraham’s) life-time; and frequently—Shabbath 11ᵃ תחת י׳ ולא וכ׳ (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 80 a. Rashi ad loc. (on the passage)) rather under 1. (Arabic dominion) than under Byzantium; and frequently [Pesachim 118ᵇ מלכות י׳ (Munich manuscript a. older editions הרשעה) a censorial change for רומי, Roman government.] 1. ben Nathaniah, the murderer of governor Gedaliah. Rosh Hashanah 18ᵇ. Niddah 61ᵃ; and elsewhere 1. b. Kimḥith, a high priest. Yoma 47ᵃ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4 (3), 20, see יְשֵׁבָב 1. b. Piabi or Pâbi, a priest. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 21; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 40ᵈ top; Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 35ᵇ. Sotah 9, 15; and elsewhere name of several Tannaim, especially a) 1. b. Elisha, redeemed from Roman captivity. Gittin 58ᵃ. [Berachoth 7ᵃ top, probably his grandfather, a high priest.]—Shevuoth 2, 5; and frequently—5. Friedman Darkhé, p. 105 and the following 1. son of R. Johanan b. B’roka. Bava Kamma 10, 2. Tosefta Eduy. 2, 4; and frequently—5. Friedman the same place (ibid.), p. 185 and the following—7) name of several Amoraim. Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 1, 43ᶜ top; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 3, 40ᵈ bottom of the page—5. Friedman M’bo, p. 108ᵇ, and the following ↗ original
יִשְׁמְעֵאלִיthe preceding) Ishmaelite, Arab, Bedouin.—plural יִשְׁמְעֵאלִים. Shemoth Rabbah section 23 (referring to אהלי קדר, Song of Songs 1, 5) אהליהם של י׳ the tents of the Bedouins. Bereshith Rabbah section 84; and frequently ↗ original
יָשֵׁן 1 [to recover strength, compare חָלַם,] to sleep, in a transferred sense to be idle, lazy. Shevuoth 3, 5 (I swear) שאִישַׁן that I will sleep, שיָשַׁנְתִּי that I have slept. Bamidbar Rabbah section 20 בא לִישָׁן going to sleep.—Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 1 ישנתי לי מן התירה וכ׳ I (Israel) have been lazy in the study of the Law and the performance of good deeds; and frequently ↗ original
יָשֵׁן 2the preceding) asleep, inactive. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 59 הקב"ה עושה עצמו כביכול י׳ the Lord sometimes pretends, if it were permitted to say so, to be asleep; and frequently—plural יְשֵׁנִים, יְשֵׁנִין, יְשֵי׳. Bamidbar Rabbah section 20 הרי הן י׳ מן וכ׳ they are sluggish in study etc., see the preceding Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 10 י׳ במערת וכ׳ sleeping in the cave of Makhpelah. Shemoth Rabbah section 1; and frequently—Fem. יְשֵׁנָה, יְשֵׁי׳. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 110, beginning (referring to Isaiah 41, 2) הצדקה היתה י׳ וכ׳ Righteousness was asleep and Abraham waked her up. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 5, 2 אני י׳ מן וכ׳ I (Israel) was lazy etc., see above; and frequently ↗ original
יָשַׁן compare the preceding words a. to be strong, hard, old (compare קשיש).—5. יוֹשֶׁן a. next wordPi'el פִּעֵל יִישֵּׁןto let grow old (strong), keep, reserve. Bava Bathra 91ᵇ דברים שדרכן ליַישְּׁנָן things which it is customary to keep (to store, as wine etc.). Devarim Rabbah section 9, beginning מן היין הזה אני מְיַישֵּׁן וכ׳ of this wine I will store away a portion for my son’s wedding. Tosefta Avodah Zarah 8 (9), 3 צריך ליַשֵּׁן he must store them away (leave them unused); Tosefta Tohoroth 11, 16. the same place (ibid.) כמה הוא מְיַשְּׁנָן, see יִשּׁוּן; Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 5, end 45ᵇ מְיַישְּׁנָן כל י"ב וכ׳ he must leave them unused for the whole twelve-month; Babylonian Avodah Zarah 75ᵃ.—participle passive מְיוּשָּׁןstored up, see below. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 7, end, 15ᶜ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 3, end, 45ᵇ ‘old’ means last year’s crop, מי׳ של וכ׳ ‘stored’ means three years old. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְיַשֵּׁןto be stored up, to improve with age. Sifra B’huck. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 3; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 672 (referring to ישן נושן, Leviticus 26, 10) כל המִתְיַשֵּׁן יפה מחבירו the sort which is stored up is the better of its kind; Bava Bathra the passage cited [read with Manuscript Rome:] כל המְיוּשָּׁן יפה מחבירו. Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin the passage cited הדא אמרה דאי מתישן וכ׳ this intimates that if wine is sold as mithyashshen (fit for storage) the seller is responsible for three years. Sifra the passage cited לרבות כל המִתְיַישְּׁנִים including all produces fit for storage (besides wine); Yalkut Shimoni the passage cited לרבות כל הדבר המיושן. Nif'al נִפְעַל נוֹשָׁןsame. Bava Bathra the passage cited; a e., see next word↗ original
יָשָׁןthe preceding) hard, dry; old, of last year, opposite חָדָשׁ. Demai 4, 7. Bava Bathra 91ᵇ, and elsewhere explained י׳ נוֹשָׁן (Leviticus 26, 10), see the preceding Avoth 4, 20 קנקן חדש מלא י׳ a new vessel full of old wine (a young man but learned). Avodah Zarah 3, 9 ואם י׳ וכ׳ and if the oven is old (dried) etc.; and frequently—plural יְשָׁנִים. the same place (ibid.) 33ᵃ י׳ ומזופפין old or pitched wine vessels. Yoma 2, 4, see חָדָשׁ. Vayikra Rabbah section 2, see חָדָשׁ; and frequently—Fem. יְשָׁנָה. Kiddushin 4, 5, Bamidbar Rabbah section 9, see אַרְכִי I.—plural יְשָׁנוֹת. Tosefta Avodah Zarah 4 (5), 10 י׳ זפופות, see above; and frequently ↗ original
יָשַׁע compare the preceding words) [to be strong, to recover.] Hif'il הִפְעִיל הוֹשִׁיעַto assist, help, deliver. Sotah 34ᵇ (referring to יׄהׄושׄעׄ, Numbers 13, 17) י֗ה֗ יוֹשִׁ֗יעֲ֗ךָ וכ׳ Yah save thee from etc. Megillah 14ᵃ עתידה … שיושִׁיעַ וכ׳ my mother shall bear a son who will deliver Israel; Sotah 11ᵇ שמוֹשִׁיעַ. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 18, 4 כשתּוֹשִׁיעֵנִי מאויבי when thou shalt have saved me from my enemies. Sanhedrin 73ᵃ, see מוֹשִׁיעַ. Berachoth 4, 4 הוֹשַׁע וכ׳ help, O Lord etc.; and frequently—5. הוֹשַׁעְנָא. Nif'al נִפְעַל נוֹשַׁעto be saved, released. Midrash Tehillim the passage cited אִוָּשֵׁעַ מן וכ׳ let me be delivered from my enemies, and I shall call the Lord the praised One. Tanchuma Aḥǎré 12 (referring to ויושע, Exodus 14, 30) וַיִוָּשַׁע כתיב כביכול הוא נ׳ it may be read vayivvasha (and he was saved), He, as if it were, was delivered. the same place (ibid.) בעוה"ז הייתם נוֹשָׁעִים ע"י ב"א in this world (the past) you were delivered through human agencies. ↗ original
יָשְׁפֵּה (Biblical Hebrew) Jaspis, Benjamin’s jewel in the highpriest’s breast-plate. Shemoth Rabbah section 38, end. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 61ᵇ top of the page ↗ original
יָשַׁרto be firm, strong, healthy; to be straight, right. יִישַׁר כֹּחֲךָ or חֵילְךָ ‘may thy strength (health) be firm’, a phrase of approval and thanks. Shabbath 87ᵃ, and frequently (play on אֲשֶׁר, Exodus 34, 1) י׳ כ׳ ששברת, be thanked for having broken (the tablets). Bereshith Rabbah section 54 (play on וישרנה, I Samuel 6, 12) י׳ חילכם; and elsewhere—(יֵשַׁר) יִישַׁר (supply (understood word) כחך) thanks! right! Berachoth 42ᵇ; Shabbath 53ᵃ; Eruvin 32ᵇ; and frequently—Cmp. אַיְשַׁר. Pi'el פִּעֵל יִישֵּׁר, יִשֵּׁ׳to straighten, direct, to make firm. Shemoth Rabbah section 1 (referring to יֵשֶׁר, I Chronicles 2, 18) זה כלב שיי׳ את עצמו that is Caleb who kept himself straight (did not yield to the rest of the spies). Bamidbar Rabbah section 8 (referring to Psalms 50, 23 ושם דרך) המְיַישֵּׁר אורחותיו וכ׳ he who directs his ways straight (pays regard to his doings).—participle passive מְיוּשָּׁר, feminine מְיוּשֶּׁרֶת. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) X דרכי מי׳ לפני my way is levelled before me.—Megillah 18ᵇ (referring to יישרו, Proverbs 4, 25) מְיוּשָּׁרִין הן אצל וכ׳ they remain firm with (in the memory of) etc. ↗ original
יְשַׁר Targum 2 Esther 7, 9 יִישַׁר חילך (variant reading יִשַּׁר). [Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 4 ישריין, see next word] Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְיַשַּׁר,Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְיְשַׁרto be strengthened. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 10, 2, see אֲשַׁר. ↗ original
יָשָׁרthe preceding) firm, sound; straight, right, upright. Bereshith Rabbah section 49 אברהם זה י׳ מן היְשָׁרִים this Abraham is firmer than all the firm (angels); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 82 אברהם זה י׳; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 11, 7 קודם לִישָׁרוֹ של עולם וכ׳ before they see the Right One of the world, they (the pious) shall behold the faces of the firm (believers); and frequently—plural יְשָׁרִים, יְשָׁרִין. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 4 מה ישריין רחמיך, [read as:] Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 982 מה ישרים וכ׳, explained מה תקיפין וכ׳ how strong are thy mercies. Midrash Tehillim the passage cited איזו כת … זו כת י׳ which is the highest class among those who will greet the countenance of the Divine Presence (in the hereafter)? The class of the firm believers. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 25, 14 … בתחלה ואה"כ נתן לי׳ first the secret of the Lord is communicated to those who fear him (human beings), and then to the firm ones (the angels, compare יְצוּקִים under the word יָצַק); Bereshith Rabbah section 49; and elsewhere—Fem. יְשָׁרָה, pl. יְשָׁרוֹת (sub בעיניו; with referring to Deuteronomy 12, 8) [right in the eyes of the offerer,] free-will offerings (opposite חוֹבָה). Zevachim 114ᵃ י׳ תקריבו וכ׳ free-will sacrifices you may offer (on the bamoth, see בָּמָה), but no obligatory offerings; the same place (ibid.) 117ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) י׳ נינהו they belong to the class of free-will offerings. the same place (ibid.) 118ᵃ; and frequently—סֵפֶר הַיָּשָׁר the Book Yashar, a lost book (Joshua 10, 13; 2 Samuel 1, 18). Avodah Zarah 25ᵃ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 1, end, 17ᶜ ↗ original
יַשְׁרָא , firm believer, upright man. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, 65ᵇ (referring to Micah 7, 4) י׳ דבהון וכ׳ the upright man among them is like thorns. ↗ original
יִשְׂרָאֵלIsrael. 1. (Jacob), the patriarch. Bereshith Rabbah section 68 י׳ סבא the patriarch 1. the patriarch 1. (not the people); and frequently 1., the people. Berachoth 6ᵃ; and frequently—שונאי י׳ the enemies of Israel, often euphem. for Israel. the same place (ibid.) 32ᵃ נתמוטטו … של ש׳ י׳ the feet of Israel would totter (in judgment); and frequently—5. כְּנֶסֶת. י׳ (= בן י׳) an Israelite, a) one not belonging to the priestly or levitic tribe; b) a Jew, opposite נכרי, גוי. Gittin 5, 8. Tosefta Kiddushin 5, 3; and frequently—Tosefta Avodah Zarah 3, 5, and the following Avodah Zarah 2, 6; and frequently—בַּת י׳ an Israelitish woman. Tosefta the passage cited 1; 3; and frequently—plural יִשְׂרְאֵלוֹת (opposite to כַּהֲנוֹת, לְוִיּוֹת). Tosefta Sanhedrin 4, 2. ↗ original
יִשְׂרְאֵלִי (the preceding) one belonging to a common Israelitish family, contradistinguished to כֹּהֲנִי, a. לְוִיִי. Kiddushin 4, 1; Yevamoth 37ᵃ (collective noun).—plural יִשְׂרְאֵלִים. the same place (ibid.) 85ᵃ. Tosefta Berachoth 5, 14.—Fem. יִשְׂרְאֵלִיתan Israelitish (Jewish) woman. Niddah 4, 2 (33ᵇ) (collective noun, opposite to כותיות). ↗ original
יַשְׁרוּת (see יוֹשֶׁר a. יָשָׁר)firmness, faith, right conduct, equity. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 72ᶜ top (referring to Deuteronomy 12, 8, compare יָשָׁר) ומה תעשו שם דבר שהוא בא לידי י׳ וכ׳ and what dare you do there (on the bamah)? An act by which one is led towards faith, which is burnt-offerings and peace-offerings. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 99, 4 (referring to מישרים the same place (ibid.)) אתה כוננת י׳ של עולם (edition Buber edition י׳ בעולמך) thou hast established the firmness of thy world (through courts of justice); Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 852 י׳ בעולמך.—Bereshith Rabbah section 54 (referring to וישרנה, I Samuel 6, 12) מהלכות בי׳ they walked with propriety (paying reverence to the Ark; Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 12 ביופי). Ruth Rabbah introduction 3 (referring to ישר, Proverbs 21, 8) במדת י׳ in fairness; the same place (ibid.) בי׳; Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 959. Devarim Rabbah section 8 היא וכל כלי אומנתה ניתנה … יַשְׁרוּתָה she (the Torah) and all her implements have been given to man, her humility, her righteousness and her fairness.—Sotah 9ᵇ, see next word↗ original
יַשְׁרוּתָא (see the preceding) that which seems right, arbitrary will. Sotah 9ᵇ (referring to Judges 14, 3 ישרה בעיני) כי אזל מיהא בתר יַשְׁרוּתֵיה אזל when he (Samson) went out (to marry), he, at all events, followed only his own liking (not the will of the Lord); [marginal version יַשְׁרוּת עיניו]; Yalkut Shimoni Judges 69. ↗ original
יַת (see אִית) [being, existence,] a particle indicating the objective case (= Hebrew אֵת). Targum Genesis 1, 1; and very frequently—With pronominal suffixes: יָתִיme, יָתָךְ, יָתִיךְthee etc. Targum Deuteronomy 4, 14. Targum Genesis 12, 12. the same place (ibid.) 50, 21; and very frequently (with pronominal suffix of the third person) he himself, this one etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 3, 65ᵈ top אמר יָתֵיה דמן רבנן said he (who was before mentioned as) one of the scholars. Bereshith Rabbah section 9, beginning; Koheleth Rabbah to 3, 11, and elsewhere יַתְהוֹן those (opposite to דין), see הֲנִי.—With prepositional prefix: וַת, see כְּוָת, לְוָת. ↗ original
יתֵב , to sit, dwell etc.; to be inhabited, settled. Targum Onkelos Genesis 36, 7 מִיתַּב edition Berlin edition (other edition a. Yerushalmi (prefix) מֵיתַב). Targum Onkelos Exodus 16, 35 יָתֵיבְתָּא (Yerushalmi (prefix) מֵיתִיבָא) inhabited; and very frequently—Imper. תִּיב, תִּיבִי. Targum Genesis 20, 15. Targum Isaiah 52, 2 (edition Vilna edition תְּבִי); and frequently—Yevamoth 109ᵃ יָתְבָא תותיה she lives under (with) him. Berachoth 6ᵃ עד דיַתְבֵי when they are seated. the same place (ibid.) 48ᵃ ורחמנא היכא י׳ and where does the Lord reside?—Moed Katan 9ᵇ ליחרוב ביתך ולֵיתוּב אושפיזך may thy house (grave) be vacant, and thy inn (temporary home on earth) be inhabited; Tanchuma Bereshith 13; a frequently—י׳ … וקאמר N. N. sat down (lecturing) and said etc. Betzah 20ᵃ; and frequently Pa'el פִּעֵל יַתֵּיבto set down, place. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᶜ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, 35ᵇ top י׳ ליה ולא וכ׳ he set him down (let his coffin down) and would not take him back again (see תּוּב); and elsewhere to settle, establish. Targum Isaiah 43, 20 אֲיַתֵּיב (edition Vilna edition אַיְתֵבAf.).—Targum Psalms 22, 4; and elsewhere to quiet, set at rest. Targum Psalms 23, 3 יְיַתִּיב (edition Vilna edition יְתִיב, see תּוּב).—Berachoth 28ᵃ ליַתּוּבֵי דעתיה to set his mind at ease. Yoma 81ᵃ יַתּוּבֵי דעתא making one come to. Bava Bathra 3ᵇ ליַתּוּבֵיה ליצריה in order to gratify his passion. Vayikra Rabbah section 19 [read:] תִּתְיַתַּב ליך נפשיך היך כמה דיַתְּבַת לנפשי may thy soul be restored to thee as thou hast restored my soul; and elsewhere—participle pass. מְיַתַּב, מְיַתְּבָא, מְיַתְבָא a) inhabited. Targum Psalms 107, 4.—b) quieted. Tamid 32ᵃ נחותי ימא לא מְיַ׳ דעתיהון וכ׳ (or מִיַּתְּבָא, see below) sea-farers do not feel at ease until they reach land. Af'el הִפְעִיל אוֹתֵיב, אַיְתֵבto place, seat, settle (see יָשַׁבHif'il). Targum I Kings 21, 9. Targum Genesis 47, 6; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 58ᵈ אַיְיתִיבוּנִי על גיף וכ׳ bury, me at the bank of the river; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 6, end, 31ᵃ אייתבון (correct accordingly). Chullin 59ᵃ נֵיתְבֵיה בתנורא … אוֹתְבֵיה let it be put in the oven; … he put it in. Yoma 69ᵇ אוֹתִיבוּ בתעניתא וכ׳ they made (people) sit fasting, they ordered a fast of three days etc.; and frequently [אוֹתִיב for אָתֵיב, see תּוּב.] Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְיַתֵּב,Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְיְתֵיב, אִיְּיתִיב, , אִיתִּיב; Ittaf. אִיתּוֹתַבto be allowed to dwell, to sojourn (Hebrew גּוּר). Targum Onkelos Genesis 20, 1 (Yerushalmi (prefix) אתנתב, correct accordingly). Targum Jeremiah 49, 33; and frequently—Shabbath 33ᵇ אִיתְּבוּ תריסר וכ׳ they dwelt in the cave twelve years. to be inhabited. Targum Isaiah 44, 26. Targum Jeremiah 50, 13; and frequently to be set at ease, be gratified. Targum Isaiah 62, 5.—Bava Metzia 83ᵇ bottom of the page לא מִיַּיתְּבָא דעתיה he was not satisfied. Yoma 80ᵇ; מי׳ דעתיה he will come to again.—Shabbath 51ᵇ, and the following כי היכי דתִיתּוֹתַב דעתיה Oxford manuscript (Munich manuscript דתייב, edition דאיתותב, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) that he may be reconciled. Vayikra Rabbah section 19, see above; and frequently [אִתּוֹתַב for אִתָּתַב, see תּוּב.] ↗ original
יְתֵב 2 (see the preceding; compare יהבto give and to place) to give (not used in perf. tense). Shabbath 19ᵃ במשחא נִיתֵּיב ליה וכ׳ (Munich manuscript נמשח ונ׳) let him measure when giving (the goods to wash) and when receiving it back. Kiddushin 78ᵇ אי בעי מִיתְּבָא … לא יהיב ליה (not יהבי) if he desired to give it to him as a donation, could he not do it? Kethuboth 106ᵇ וליכא למיתבא ליה and he will have nothing to give him. Bava Kamma 83ᵇ; and elsewhere—Bava Bathra 13ᵇ למיתב Munich manuscript (edition למִיתַּן). ↗ original
יָתֵב (יְתַב 1) inhabitant. Targum Onkelos Genesis 34, 30 יָתֵיב edition Berlin edition (edition יַתְבֵיpl.). Targum Onkelos Numbers 14, 14. Targum Isaiah 6, 11; and frequently—plural יָתְבַיָּא, יַתְבֵי. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers the passage cited; and frequently ↗ original
יָתֵד [something fastened, driven in,] peg, nail; handle of a tool etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 67ᵈ אשרי אדם … י׳ להיתלות בה (compare Isaiah 22, 23, and the following) happy the man who has a peg to hang on, i.e. who has a renowned ancestry; ומה היתה יְתֵידָתוֹ וכ׳ and what was R. E.’section peg?; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 7ᵈ top of the page Gittin 17ᵃ י׳ היא שלא תמוט (my last opinion) is an immovable peg. Megillah 6ᵃ והיא היתה י׳ תקועה וכ׳ and she (Cæsarea) was a peg driven into Israel, i.e. an obnoxious foreign element.—י׳ של מחרישה the pin of the plough. Shabbath 17, 4; a. e, see מַחֲרֵישָׁה.—י׳ האהל tent-pin, see below.—י׳ הדרכים a way-mark of hardened clay pegs, see גֵּץ; see below.—plural יְתֵדוֹת, יְתֵידוֹת. Bereshith Rabbah section 43 שלשה י׳ גדולות three great pegs (Abraham, Isaac and Jacob). Bereshith Rabbah section 62 נתגרו בהן י׳ הארץ the pegs of the land (the remnants of the seven nations, compare Numbers 33, 55) arose against them. Kelim 14, 3 י׳ אהלים י׳ המשוחות Mishnah edition (Babylonian edition ידות) the (metal) pegs of tents and those of the land measurers. Tosefta Kelim Bava Bathra 1, 7 החרב שפרשה עם י׳ המחרישה the knife (coulter) which has been taken out with the handle of the plough. Mikvaoth 9, 2 י׳ הדרכים, explained גץ יוני. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 6 (7), 14. Bava Kamma 81ᵃ מסתלקין מפני י׳ הד׳ … you may (in walking) turn out from the highway towards the private sidewalk in order to avoid the road-pegs; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, end, 5ᵈ top of the page ↗ original
יָתוֹבָא (יְתֵב 1) dweller, sojourner, opposite בן מתא citizen.—plural יָתוֹבִין, יָתוֹבֵי. Bava Bathra 8ᵃ ↗ original
יִתּוּבָא (the preceding) dwelling place. Targum Job. 18, 19.—plural יִתּוּבַיָּא. Targum Psalms 89, 13 manuscript (edition יָתְבִין). ↗ original
יָתוֹם (Biblical Hebrew) [by one’s self, compare גּוּף, גַּף I,] single, alone, forsaken. Chagigah 3ᵇ; Mechilta Bo section 16, and elsewhere אין הדור י׳ וכ׳ that generation is not forsaken in which etc.—אמן י׳, see אָמֵן.—Esp. fatherless, orphan, public charge. Megillah 13ᵃ המגדל י׳ וי׳ בתוך ביתו וכ׳ he who rears a male or female orphan in his house, is regarded as the parent. Tosefta Kethuboth 6, 8 י׳ וי׳ צריכין פרנסה מפרנסין את היתומה וכ׳ if an orphan boy and an orphan girl need public support, we must support the girl first etc.; Kethuboth 67ᵃ. Taanith 24ᵃ בי׳ וי׳ we were engaged in collecting for an orphaned couple to be married; and very frequently—יתומה בחיי האב self-depending in her father’s life-time, i.e. a minor over whom her father has no control, e.g. when he has given her away in marriage, and she being divorced or widowed returns to her paternal home. Yevamoth 13, 6. Kethuboth 73ᵇ; and frequently an animal whose mother died during or soon after childbirth. Bechoroth 9, 4. Chullin 38ᵇ (Law) a minor heir whom the authorities must protect by appointing a guardian to plead his cause etc.; in gen. heir (mostly in the plural).—plural יְתוֹמִים, יְתוֹמִין; feminine יְתוֹמוֹת. Bava Metzia 70ᵃ מעות של י׳ minor heirs’ funds. Bava Bathra 124ᵃ שבח שהשביחו י׳ לאחר וכ׳ improvements which the heirs made after their father’s death (before division). Arachin 6, 1 (21ᵇ) שום הי׳ the assessment for public sale of minors’ (heirs’) property which the court sells to satisfy the decedent’s creditors. Gittin 5, 1; and frequently—Yevamoth 13, 7 שתי אחיות י׳ two orphan sisters; and frequently ↗ original
יִתּוּר (יָתַר) addition. י׳ בגדים putting on more than the prescribed number of priestly garments (see Yoma 7, 5). Zevachim 19ᵃ; Eruvin 103ᵇ ↗ original
יִתּוּרָא , superfluousness.—plural construct state יִתּוּרֵי. Chullin 36ᵃ מי׳ קראי קאמר he derives it from the superfluous verses. ↗ original
יַתּוּשׁ (frequently תָּשַׁשׁ?) mosquito or gnat. Gittin 56ᵇ בא י׳ ונכנס וכ׳ a mosquito came and entered his (Titus’) nose; Bereshith Rabbah section 10; Vayikra Rabbah section 22. Shabbath 77ᵇ י׳ לנחש the mosquito (an application of a pulp made of mosquitos) is a remedy for a serpent’s bite. the same place (ibid.) אימת י׳ על הפיל the fear which the elephant has of the yattush, see אֵימָה. Sanhedrin 38ᵃ; Vayikra Rabbah section 14, beginning י׳ קדמך וכ׳ the y. has been created before thee (man); and elsewhere—plural יַתּוּשִׁים, יַתּוּשִׁין. Bereshith Rabbah section 5 (referring to Genesis 3, 17) דברים ארורים כגון י׳ ופרעושין וכ׳ cursed things like gnats, fleas and flies; and frequently—Tosefta Shabbath 12 (13), 4 זבובין וי׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 14, beginning 14ᵇ ותושין (correct accordingly), see חָגָז. a bug (on a fruit). Sifra Sh’mini Parah 10, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 12; Chullin 67ᵇ; and elsewhere, see כָּלִיס. ↗ original
יַתּוּשָׁא Bereshith Rabbah section 10; Vayikra Rabbah section 22.—plural יַתּוּשִׁין, יַתּוּשַׁיָּא. Vayikra Rabbah section 19, beginning וצואה עבדה י׳ and the excrements produced gnats. Bereshith Rabbah section 34, end, דלא יכלוניה י׳ (some edition יַתּוּשַׁיָּה) lest the mosquitos bite it (on the head). ↗ original
יַתִּיךְ (נָתַךְ) a sort of thongs used for seizing a hot pot; (other opinion) a strainer (compare Targum Job 10, 10).—plural יַתִּיכִין, יַתּוּ׳. Kelim 12, 3 edition Dehr. יַיתִּי׳ (edition יַתּוּ׳); Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 2, 10, see נָעַר 2. ↗ original
יַתִּור 1 (יְתַר) remaining over, too much, too many; extraordinary, especial. Targum Onkelos Exodus 26, 12 (Yerushalmi (prefix) מיתרא). the same place (ibid.) דיַתִּירָא (edition Berlin edition דיָתְרָא, Yerushalmi (prefix) יְתֵירָא). the same place (ibid.) 13.—Chullin 47ᵃ חסיר או י׳ one lobe wanting or one too many. Bava Metzia 93ᵇ, see טִרְחָא. the same place (ibid.) נטירותא י׳ edition (Munich manuscript מעלייתא) a special watchfulness. Moed Katan 4ᵃ טירחא יתירה איכא (read יתירא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 400) it requires great labor. the same place (ibid.) 21ᵃ מילתא י׳ something more than duty requires. Bava Metzia 104ᵇ מילתא י׳ a disproportionate amount. Gittin 64ᵇ ידא י׳ an additional hand (her own and her father’s power of accepting the letter of divorce). Bava Bathra 104ᵇ top [read:] ואי איכא יתירא and if there is a surplus, see מַלֵּיתָא.—Bava Kamma 94ᵃ תעזוב י׳ the superfluous verse containing תעזב (Leviticus 19, 10, repeated the same place (ibid.) 23, 22); and frequently—Esp. יתירתאan additional lobe of the lungs. Chullin 47ᵃ.—plural יַתִּירִין, יַתִּירַיָּא, יַתִּירֵי; feminine יַתִּירָתָא, יְתֵי׳. Targum Onkelos Numbers 3, 46.—Bava Metzia 51ᵃ בדמי י׳ at an extremely high price. Ruth Rabbah to 2, 14; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 9 אילין י׳ those forty five days more (Daniel 12, 11; 12). Avodah Zarah 9ᵇ and the following ההוא שטרא … שית שנין י׳ a document which contained six years too many (was postdated by six years); and frequently—Adv. יַתִּיר more. Targum Psalms 19, 11; and elsewhere—בְּיַתִּירְתָּא (= Hebrew יותר מדאי) beyond measure. Moed Katan 27ᵇ הות קא בכיא בי׳ (Munich manuscript בתדירתא) she mourned unreasonably. ↗ original
יָתַם , Pi'elיִיתֵּם (denominative of יָתוֹם) to make orphans, to cause bereavement. Pesachim 49ᵃ מְיַיתֵּם את בניו Munich manuscript (edition גוזליו) will be forced to leave his children uprovided for; Yalkut Shimoni Amos 545; see אִלְמֵן. Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 95. Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְיַיתֵּםto become an orphan. Kethuboth 44ᵇ נִתְיַתְּמָה she lost her father. ↗ original
יִתַּם , Targum Onkelos Exodus 22, 21 (edition Amsterdam edition יִתָם; Yerushalmi (prefix) יתום); and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 41ᵈ bottom of the page דין די׳ וכ׳ the case of an orphan or a widow; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, 3ᶜ and the following דיין דיי׳ (read דין). Kethuboth 54ᵃ י׳ an orphan (figuratively for a hired laborer whom the employer provides with clothes, see לָקִיט I); and frequently—Avodah Zarah 24ᵇ מזמורא י׳ an anonymous or titleless psalm.—Transferred (as a friendly rebuke) ignorant child! Kethuboth 17ᵇ; Avodah Zarah 13ᵇ; Chullin 111ᵇ.—plural יַתְמִין, יַתְמַיָּיא, יַתְמֵי. Targum Exodus 22, 23; and frequently—Berachoth 18ᵇ זוזי די׳ heirs’ fund. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 4, 48ᵃ bottom of the page, and elsewhere, מדל די׳, see מְדִל. Bava Metzia 108ᵃ; Bava Bathra 8ᵃ אפי׳ מִיַּ׳ even orphans’ funds must be taxed, see אִגְלָא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 3, 19ᵃ אתון י׳ וכ׳ the heirs came complaining; and very frequently—Kethuboth 106ᵃ קרו לנפשייהו י׳ they (the surviving scholars) called themselves orphans; י׳ די׳ orphans of orphans (few survivors). ↗ original
יָתַר [to be strong; denominative יֶתֶרcord, see יִתְרָא I,] to be rich, plentiful. Nif'al נִפְעַל נוֹתָרto be left over.—participle נוֹתָר masculine portions of sacrifices left over beyond the legal time and bound to be burnt. Kerith. 3, 4 והיה נ׳ מן וכ׳ and it was an overdue remnant of sacrifices. the same place (ibid.) 1, 1 דם נ׳ blood of overdue sacrifices. Meïl. 1, 3, and frequently משום נ׳ as coming under the law of nothar; and very frequently—plural נוֹתָרִים, נוֹתָרוֹת. Sifré Aḥăré Parah 5, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 7.—Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 5, 14 כמה נ׳ how many laws about nothar. Bamidbar Rabbah section 11 שלא לפסול … בנ׳ not to unfit any of the sacrifices by allowing them to become overdue. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הוֹתִירto leave over; to go beyond; to be more. Mechilta Bo section 6 אם ה׳ if he left a part of the Passover lamb over until morning. Sifra Tsav, Parah 7, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 12 אם ה׳ ה׳ if he has left over, he has left over (and it may be eaten). the same place (ibid.) אם הוֹתִירוּ כולו if they left the whole of it over (for the second day); and frequently—Berachoth 34ᵇ לא חסרתם ולא הוֹתַרְתֶּם you stated the time neither too early nor too late. Bava Bathra 7, 2 ה׳ כל שהוא if it was somewhat more (than the stated measure).—b) הִתִּיר (compare הִצִּיק frequently יָצַק), see below. Pi'el פִּעֵל יִיתֵּר (denominative of יָתֵר) to add; to do too much. Eruvin 13ᵃ שמא אתה … מְיַיתֵּר for if thou omit one letter or write one too many; Sotah 20ᵃ תַּתִּיר Hif'il (see above). Shemoth Rabbah section 27; Tanchuma Yithro 4 his name was Jether (Jethro) שֶׁיִּ׳ פרשה וכ׳ because he gave rise to an additional chapter (about judges) in the Law; Mechilta the same place (ibid.), Amalek, section 1 שהוֹתִיר.—the same place (ibid.) שיי׳ במעשים טובים because he did more (than ordinary men, was liberal in) good deeds. [Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 4, end, 29ᵇ וייתר, see יָתַר.]—participle pass. מְיוּתָּר, pl. מְיוּתָּרִיןadded, superfluous. Koheleth Rabbah to 5, 8 (referring to ויתרון, the same place (ibid.)) דברים שתראה (ש)הן מי׳ לתורה (not בתורה) things which thou wouldst regard as additions to the Law. the same place (ibid.) אפי׳ דברים … מי׳ בעולם even things in nature which thou wouldst believe to be superfluous (useless); Shemoth Rabbah section 10; (Bereshith Rabbah section 10 יְתֵירָה); and elsewhere Nittaf. נִתּוֹתַרto be left over. Yoma 46ᵃ איברי עולה שנִתּוֹתְרוּ parts of a burnt-offering which remained over (failed to be entirely burnt). Pesachim 59ᵇ כשנִיתּוֹתְרוּ when they were left over (unoffered). ↗ original
יְתַר [Targum Ruth 2, 16, and elsewhere מיתר, see נְתַר.] Af'el הִפְעִיל אוֹתִיר, אַיְיתַרto leave over. Targum 2 Kings 4, 43; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 7, 20ᵃ bottom of the page ואַיְיתְרוּן. to bless with plenty. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 28, 11; 30, 9. Pa'el פִּעֵל יַיתֵּר , as the precedingPi'el—participle pass. מְיַיתַּר, feminine מְיַיתְּרָאlarger. Megillah 19ᵃ מחסרא או מיי׳ smaller in size or larger. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִיַיתַּר, אִיתַּרto be left over; (in legal interpret.) to be superfluous in the Bible text and therefore available for interpretation. Targum Onkelos Exodus 36, 7 וִיתָּרַת (= ואִיתָּ׳, edition Berlin edition וְיִתַּרַת, correct accordingly).—Berachoth 35ᵃ, see הִילּוּל. Menachoth 93ᵃ אִיַּיתְּרוּ ליה תרי קראי two verses remain for interpretation; Arachin 2ᵇ אייתרי להו תרי (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim to Menachoth the passage cited note).— to be added, included. Shabbath 64ᵃ אִיַּיתּוּר ליה (some edition אייתר) they are now included (Munich manuscript אייתי they include it, see אֲתָא). ↗ original
יָתֵר (the preceding words) additional, a person having an additional limb. Bechoroth 7, 6 י׳ בידיו וכ׳ if one has an additional finger (or toe) on each of his hands and feet. the same place (ibid.) 45ᵇ.—the same place (ibid.) 40ᵃ חסר וי׳ ביד having one toe less or one too many on the forefoot. the same place (ibid.) כל יתיר כנטול דמי every addition is considered equal to the entire absence of the respective limb; Chullin 58ᵇ כל יתר וכ׳. Bava Bathra 7, 2, and the following הן י׳ (יתיר a. יתר interchanging), see הֵן; and frequently—Fem.יְתֵרָה, יְתֵירָה; (as noun also) יְתֶרֶת, יְתֶירֶת. Bechoroth 7, 6 (45ᵃ) היתה (בה) בו יתרת וכ׳ (Rashi יתירה; the same place (ibid.) יתירת) if there has been an additional limb and he had it cut off. the same place (ibid.) 40ᵃ י׳ על של משה וכ׳ (a cubit measure) larger than the Mosaic by etc. Chullin 3, 6 (as a sign of clean birds) כל שיש לו אצבע י׳ that which has an additional toe (on top of those in a line). Kethuboth 76ᵃ יתירת a woman having an additional limb. Eruvin 83ᵃ י׳ על מדברית וכ׳ one sixth larger than etc.; and frequently [5. יְתֵירָה.]—plural יְתֵרִים, יְתֵרִין, יְתֵי׳; feminine יְתֵירוֹת. Makkoth 23ᵃ יְתֵירֵי מדע men of more than ordinary knowledge; י׳ כח of more than common physical strength.—[Bereshith Rabbah section 98 הניחו יתירות left remants of the conquered nations, probably to be read: יְתֵידוֹת, see יָתֵד.]—Esp. יְתֶרֶתan additional lobe of the lungs. Chullin 47ᵃ (not יות׳). a word written plene, with vowel letters.—plural יְתֵירוֹת. Eruvin 13ᵃ, and elsewhere, see חָסֵר 2. ↗ original
יֶתֶר 1 see יָתַר) cord, bow-string. Vayikra Rabbah section 5 (referring to Psalms 11, 2), see מִתְחָא.—2) = יוֹתֵרaddition, (adverb) more. Bechoroth 7, 1 (43ᵃ) וי עליהן וכ׳ Babylonian edition (Mishnah יותר עליהן באדם וכ׳) to these must be added, with reference to blemishes of human beings, the wedge-shaped head etc. Eruvin 83ᵇ י׳על כן more than that. Gittin 3, 1 י׳מכן nay, even more; and frequently ↗ original
יִתְרָא , 1, strong cord, especially the cord of the bow. Sanhedrin 42ᵃ למיהוי כי י׳ (some edition יְתֵירָא) until the shape of the moon is like that of the cord (with the bent bow, semicircular).—plural (יְתֵירֵי) יִתְיֵי. Moed Katan 26ᵃ לקל י׳ דמזיגת וכ׳ from the sound of the cords (of the catapults) at M. (see מְגִיזָה) the wall of Laodicea burst. rope.—plural יְתָרִין, יְתָרַיָּא. Targum Judges 16, 7; 8; 9. the straight side of the stomach, opposite to קשתא the curved side, see הִימְצָא. Chullin 50ᵃ דְּאַיִּיתְרָא the fat covering etc. Pesachim 51ᵃ אכל דאיי׳ (Munich manuscript דיי׳) ate the fat etc.—[Targum Proverbs 25, 20 יתרא manuscript (variant reading edition Lagarde edition), edition נִתְרָא.] ↗ original
יִתְרָא 2 (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Ithra (Jether) the Israelite (the Ishmaelite), father of Amasa. Ruth. R. to 1, 21; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 8, 9ᶜ top (אליתר הישמעאלי!); Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 9. ↗ original
יִתְרוֹ (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Jethro, the father-in-law of Moses. Berachoth 63ᵇ. Shemoth Rabbah section 27 יֶתֶר כשהוא גוי … ונקרא י׳ as a heathen he was named Jether, and when he was converted … he was named J.—Zevachim 116ᵃ י׳ קודם מ"ת וכ׳ the arrival of J. (Exodus 18) took place before the giving of the Law; Avodah Zarah 24ᵃ; and very frequently ↗ original
יִתְרוֹןsurplus, difference. Koheleth Rabbah to 2, 13 כשם שיש י׳ בין וכ׳ as there is a difference between light etc. addition. Vayikra Rabbah section 22 (referring to Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 5, 8) אפי׳ דברים … י׳ למ"ת even what thou deemest to be an addition to the original Law (Koheleth Rabbah to 5, 8, and elsewhere מיותרין). superfluity, useless thing. the same place (ibid.) אפי׳ … י׳ בעולם even what thou mightest deem to be mere useless creatures (Koheleth Rabbah to 5, 8, and elsewhere מיותרין), see יָתַר. ↗ original