גGimmel, the third letter of the Alphabet. It interchanges with כ and ק; compare גשרא a. כשורא; גזז a. קצץ etc.; is related to ח, as גבב, חבב; see letter ח. ↗ original
ג ² prosthetic in foreign words before l, see גלגטיקא, גלוסקא.↗ original
גֵּאֶהthe preceding) lofty; ruler, lord; proud, haughty. Pesachim 113ᵇ דל ג׳ a proud pauper.—plural גֵּאִים, גֵּיאִים. Bereshith Rabbah section 63 (referring to גיים, Genesis 25, 23) שני גֵיאֵי גוים וכ׳ two rulers of nations (Rome and Israel); Berachoth 57ᵇ; Avodah Zarah 11ᵃ אל תקרי גוים אלא גֵּיִים read the word גיים not goyim (as the Masorah intimates) but geyim (lords); (Munich manuscript a. Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 110 גֵּאִים). Sifra Bechukkothai Parah 2, Chaldaic (Aramaic) V (referring to Leviticus 26, 19) אלו הג׳ וכ׳ the ‘pride of your power’, those are the lordly (patrons) of whom Israel is proud. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 10 ארבע ג׳ הם גאה וכ׳ there are four majestic rulers (in the animal kingdom) the ruler among birds etc.; Shemoth Rabbah section 23. Chagigah 13ᵇ שמתגאה על הג׳ who is exalted (rules) over the rulers.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 4, end, 66ᶜ. רובן של עבדים ג׳ most slaves (when raised to power) are overbearing; Treatise Sof’rim 15, 10 נאים (correct accordingly); and frequently—5. גֵּאִים. ↗ original
גַּאֲוָהhaughtiness, pride. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 7, 44ᵇ מפני הג׳ to avoid the appearance of pride (on the Day of Atonement). glory. Chagigah 5ᵇ (referring to גוה, Jeremiah 13, 17) מפני גַאֲוָותָן של וכ׳ over the glory of Israel that has been taken from him etc. the same place (ibid.) מפני גַאֲוָותָהּ של מלכות שמים over the (lost) glory of the heavenly kingdom (the destruction of the Temple). ↗ original
גְּאוּלָּהredemption, delivery. Megillah 15ᵃ, and frequently מביא ג׳ לעולם causes redemption to come (through his good deeds). Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 2 בגְאוּלַּת מחר of to-morrow’s redemption, i.e. Messianic days.—Kiddushin 15ᵇ גאולת עצמו redemption from service by himself, ג׳ קרובים by relatives, ג׳ אחרים by strangers (Leviticus 25, 47 and the following). Pesachim 118ᵃ מן הג׳ than delivery (from evil); and frequently [Vayikra Rabbah section 32, end; Koheleth Rabbah to 4, 1, read גּוֹאֲלָהּ, see גּוֹאֵל.]—plural גְּאוּלֹּות. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 7, 20ᵇ bottom of the page שתי ג׳ two redemptions (of fruits). G’ullah, a) that section of the prayers between the Sh’ma (שְׁמַע) and the T’fillah (תְּפִלָּה), so called from its contents. Berachoth 9ᵇ סמך ג׳ לתפלה he recited the T’fillah immediately after closing the G’ullah (with the benediction גאל ישראל). the same place (ibid.) 4ᵇ; and frequently—b) the seventh benediction of the T’fillah, prayer for redemption. Megillah 17ᵇ ↗ original
גָּאוֹןmajesty, pride. Sifra Bechukkothai Parah 2, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 5; see גֵּאֶה. [In the post-Talmudic period Gaon (excellency) was the title of the chiefs of the Babylonian academies.—plural גְּאוֹנִים.—גֵּאוֹנוּת Gaonate.] ↗ original
גאי , גהto rise; to be arched, caved) to rise, swell; in a transferred sense to be elated, proud; to be exalted, majestic. Mechilta Beshallach, Shirah 2, see below. [Tosefta Moed Katan 1, 7 גּוֹאֶה, see גָּהָה.] Pi'el פִּעֵל גֵּאָה, גֵּיאָהto exalt. Mechilta the passage cited גֵּאַנִּי וגֵאתִיו He (the Lord) exalted me, and I exalt him; Tanchuma the same place (ibid.) 12 גֵּאַוְנִי וגֵאִיתִיו; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 242 וגואותיו (correct accordingly). Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 3, 67ᵃ top (referring to Job 23, 29) אני אמרתי להשפילן … לגָאוֹתָן I (the Lord) decreed to humble them (by dearth), and thou—to raise them (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 23ᵃ הגבהתו). Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְגָּאֶה, , Nithpa. נִתְגָּאֶהto show one’s self glorious, exalt one’s self, be exalted; (in an evil sense) to be proud, boast, to lord it. Mechilta the passage cited (referring to Exodus 15, 1) גָּאָה ועתיד להִתְגָּאוֹת He was glorious and will be etc. the same place (ibid.) מִתְגָּאֶה הוא על כל המִתְגָּאִים He exalts himself above all those who are boastful, שֶׁבַּמֶּה שאו"ה מתג׳ לפניו וכ׳ for that with which the nations boast themselves, becomes the means of their punishment; Tanchuma the passage cited—Chagigah 13ᵇ, see גֵּאֶה. the same place (ibid.) 5ᵇ פרנס המתג׳ וכ׳ an officer who lords it over the community. Bava Bathra 98ᵃ המתג׳ בטלית וכ׳ who parades the scholar’s cloak. Tosefta Sotah 3, 10 and the following לא נִתְגָּאוּ אלא וכ׳ became haughty only in consequence of the bounties etc.; Sanhedrin 109ᵃ. Berachoth 10ᵇ לאחר שאכל ושתה ונתג׳ זה Munich manuscript (edition לאחר שנתג׳; Yalkut Shimoni Kings … זה ונתג׳; Leviticus 616 לאחר שגאה) after this man has eaten and drunk and become haughty, see גֵּאִים. Vayikra Rabbah section 10 נתג׳ לבו עליו (Shemoth Rabbah section 37 זחה דעתו) became overbearing. ↗ original
גְּאִי ; to rise, grow etc. Targum I Samuel 2, 5 גָּאָן (some edition גָּעָן). Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִיתְגָּאִי, אִיתְגָּאֵיto grow high. Targum Job 8, 11 (Hebrew text יִגְאֶה). to be exalted; to be proud. Targum Exodus 15, 1; 21. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 34, 31 (I מְלַגְלֵג); and elsewhere ↗ original
גֵּאִים (abstract noun, see גֵּאֶה; compare חַיִים) loftiness, excellence; (in a bad sense) haughtiness. Chullin 92ᵃ (play on שׄרׄיׄגׄיׄםׄ, Genesis 40, 10) שלשה שׄרׄיׄ גׄ' בכל וכ׳ the three princes of excellence (influential patrons of Israel) in every generation (in Palestine under the Roman, in Babylon under the Parthian government).—Berachoth 10ᵇ; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 616 (referring to I Kings 14, 9) א"ת גַּוֶּךָ אלא גֵּאֶיךָ read not gavvekha (thy body), but geekha, thy swelling or pride (applied to taking a meal before prayer), see גָּאָה. ↗ original
גָּאַל (Biblical Hebrew) [to cover, compare Job 3, 4;] to ransom, redeem, protect. Pesachim 10, 6 גְּאָלָנוּ וג׳ וכ׳ has protected us and redeemed our ancestors. Bereshith Rabbah section 78, beginning; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 25, beginning; Echah Rabbah to 3, 23 אמונתך רבה לְגָאֳלֵנוּ thy faith is great enough to redeem us. Bereshith Rabbah section 44.—Kiddushin 20ᵇ לוה וגוֹאֵל וגוֹאֵל לחצאין he may borrow money and redeem his property (from the sanctuary), and may redeem in instalments. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 31, beginning גְּאַל אותנו redeem us; and frequently—5. גּוֹאֵל. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִגְאַלto be redeemed. Berachoth 9ᵃ כְּשֶׁנִּגְאֲלוּ ישראל וכ׳ when the Israelites were redeemed from Epypt. Kiddushin 15ᵇ (referring to Leviticus 25, 54) באלה הוא נ׳ וכ׳ through those (his relations) he may be redeemed, but he is not freed after six years of service (Exodus 21, 2). the same place (ibid.) 20ᵇ when the jubilee year arrives ולא נִגְאֲלָה and it (the field) has not been redeemed. the same place (ibid.) יפה כחו לִיגָּאֵל מיד it has the privilege of immediate redemption. Shabbath 118ᵇ מיד נִגְאָלִין they would be released (from captivity) at once. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, 65ᵈ top וסופן להִיגָּאֵל וכ׳ and they will be released etc.; Bereshith Rabbah section 56 לִיגָּאֵל; and frequently—[In Biblical Hebrew ג׳ also: to cover (with blood), stain, make repulsive.]. 5. געל. ↗ original
*גְּאַם = גְּמָאto swallow. Pa'el גַּאֵם to make swallow. Chullin 111ᵃ גַּאֲמוֹ לשבא make (the son of) Sh’ba swallow it (Rashi). [Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) reads גַּמּוֹ (contracted Pa'el of געם or גאם, compare Syriac געם Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 761 and the following) it made (the son of) Sh. feel nauseous (which was his reason for not eating it.] ↗ original
גַּבconvex, arched, whence the exterior or upper part of a thing, a) body, especially back (of an animal’s body, usually אָחוֹר). Bereshith Rabbah section 8, beginning he split the double-faced body (see פרצוף) ועשאו גַּבַּיִים ג׳ לכאן וכ׳ and gave it two backs, one back on this side etc.—גַּב יָד, גַּב רֶגֶלa swelling on the hand, on the foot. Avodah Zarah 28ᵃ; Shabbath 109ᵃ.—b) eye-brow (Biblical Hebrew), the elevation around genitals etc. Niddah 52ᵇ א׳ בגַבָּהּ one hair on the lower surrounding of her genitals, opposite בכריסה, see כֶּרֶס; Bava Bathra 56ᵇ; Sanhedrin 30ᵇ; Bava Kamma 70ᵇ, [Rashi: on her finger joints].—c) (also גַּבָּה) גַּבַּת הַזָּקֵן, plural גַּבּוֹת, chin. Niddah 23ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 50ᶜ bottom of the page גומות הזקן (dimples).—*d) a low fence. Tosefta Bava Metzia 11, 22 (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) גַּג).—Dualגַּבַּיִים, גַּבַּיִין. Kelim 25, 5 outsides of vessels (usually אֲחוֹרַיִים). Bereshith Rabbah section 8, see above.—plural גַּבִּים, גַּבִּין, גַּבּוֹת. Bechoroth 7, 2 שני ג׳ וכ׳ double back and double spine (explain. גִּבֵּן, Leviticus 21, 20); Niddah 24ᵃ and the following; Chullin 60ᵇ.—Niddah 23ᵇ ג׳ הזקן, see above.—עַל גַּב, עַל גַּבֵּי (abbr. ע"ג) on, upon, by the side of (compare עַל in Biblical Hebrew). Chullin 3ᵃ, and frequently עומד על גַּבָּיו standing by him, superintending. Niddah 66ᵃ על גב הנהר by the river-side; Makhshirin 1, 4 (see גֵּיף). Sukkah 4, 4 על גב איצטבא (Talmud edition 42ᵇ גבי), see אִיסְטְבָא.—Transferred on the basis, on the principle. אף על גב, see אַף I.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 78ᵇ bottom of the page חולין שנעשו על גב הקדש (usually על טהרת הקדש) layman’s food prepared on the principles of sacred food (as though it were sacred food). Betzah 2, 3 (17ᵇ); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 7 מטבילין מגב לגב you may (on a Holy Day) immerse vessels for the purpose of changing their use (literally: from principle to principle, from one על גב to another); explained ibid. רצה לעשות גיתו ע"ג בדו ובדו ע"ג עיסתו הרי זה וכ׳ if one desires to work his wine press on the basis of his olive press, i.e. with vessels originally immersed for the use of the olive press, or his olive press on the basis of his dough, i.e. with vessels originally immersed to be used for kneading, he may immerse his vessels on the same day; Betzah 19ᵃ ע"ג בדו ובדו ע"ג גיתו עושה … Munich manuscript a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition incorr. כדו) if one wishes to change etc., he might have done so (even without another immersion and, therefore, may re-immerse his vessels on the Holy Day because he does not thereby create a new status).—Cmp. אַגַּב.—Tosefta Shabbath 12 (13), 1; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 13, 14ᵃ top ע"ג הגס וכ׳ around, or adding to the border of a web etc.; Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 105ᵃ על הגס. Horayoth 3, 3 אין על גַּבָּיו אלא וכ׳ none over him save the Lord his God.—בְּגַב in the back, behind. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, 35ᵇ top דברים בגב (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 111ᵃ בגו) there is something behind, i.e. there is a reason for it.—Cmp. כַּף. ↗ original
גַּב ²back, body etc. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Exodus 2, 3 ג׳ נהרא river-side (Yerushalmi (prefix) I גֵּיף). Targum Job 13, 12 גב טינא a body (lump) of clay.—Chullin 47ᵇ אגבא on top, opposite מגואי inside, below. Shabbath 109ᵃ אג׳ דכרעיה on his foot. Yoma 78ᵃ ג׳ דכרעא הוה it was the back (dorsum) of the foot, compare the precedingגב רגל; and frequently—plural גַּבִּין, גַּבֵּי־. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 31, 10; and elsewhere—[גבייה. Bereshith Rabbah section 8, some edition, read גביים, see the preceding].—עַל גַּב, עַל גַּבֵּי as the preceding Targum 2 Chronicles 21, 3 ע"ג קרקע, see אַגַּב. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Leviticus 1, 17; and elsewhere—ע"ג ידא upon one’s hand; כע"ג י׳ (כד, כִּיד) as upon one’s hand, i.e. exposed to danger. Targum Job. 13, 14; and frequently—Also elliptically כעל גב. Targum Judges 9, 17; and elsewhere (preposition) גַּב, גַּבֵּיtowards, with etc. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 21, 9.—With suffix of personal pronoun Targum Job 19, 4; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 33 יתיב גַּבֵּיה he sat with him. the same place (ibid.) גַּבְּכוֹן in your country. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 6, 40ᵃ sent letters גבי ר׳ יצחק through R. etc. the same place (ibid.) גַּבָּן (thus we read) in our country. Berachoth 10ᵃ ליתי … גַּבָּאי let Ezekiel come to me. Bereshith Rabbah section 35 מן גַּבֵּיה ועד גַּבִּי from those with him etc., from his generation to mine.—Betzah 25ᵇ זיל לגבי דר׳ וכ׳ go to see R. etc.; and very frequently ↗ original
גֶּבֶאcavity for collecting water, pond, cistern. Tosefta Mikvaoth 1, 1 המים שבגבא Rabbenu Shimshon to Mikvaoth 1, 1 (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) שבגבו, read שבגֵבַי) the water in the pond. the same place (ibid.) 3 גבי.—plural גֵּבִים, גֵּבִין, גֵּבָאִים, גֵּבָאִין, גֵּבָיִים. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 2 (referring to ישקני the same place (ibid.)) יטהרני כאדם שהוא מישק שני ג׳ וכ׳ may He make me pure, as a man levels the surface of two ponds (by which the unclean one is purified). Sanhedrin 94ᵇ; Moed Katan 25ᵇ מי ג׳ stagnant waters, opposite נחל שוטף. Mikvaoth 1, 1. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 1, 80ᵃ bottom of the page; Tosefta Mikvaoth 1, 13 כמין גבאין edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (read כְּמֵי). ↗ original
גָּבַב (√גב to arch, cave, curve; compare √כף, גף etc.) to curve. *Pesachim 42ᵃ bottom of the page three things … גּוֹבְבִין את הקומה Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition כופפין; Eruvin 55ᵇ bottom of the page edition Soncino גופפין) curve the erect stature (make man’s back high). Pi'el פִּעֵל גִּיבֵּבto heap up, pile, especially to gather twigs, straw etc.; to rake. Shevi'ith 9, 6 המְגַבֵּב ביבש he who gathers dry plants, leaves etc., (opposite מלקט, of green plants). Betzah 4, 6. Bava Kamma 101ᵇ; Sukkah 40ᵃ גִּיבְּבָן, see חִבָּה 2. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 8, 8ᵈ bottom of the page; and frequently—Transferred (with or supply (understood word) דברים) to pick up frivolous arguments. Yoma 76ᵃ עד מתי אתה מְגַבֵּב דברים ומביא עלינו (manuscript a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) omit דברים) how long wilt thou rake words together and bring them up against us (i.e. what authority have you for your assertion)?; Sifra Vayikra, N’dab. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 4, Parah 4 מגבב ומביא … (Mechilta Beshallach, Vayas. 3 מתמה). ↗ original
גְּבַבPa'elגַּבֵּבsame, to rake, collect. Targum Exodus 5, 7 וִיגָבְבוּן edition Berlin edition (edition וִיגַבְּבוּן, Regia ויִגְבּוּן; Hebrew text קשש); the same place (ibid.) 12 לגָבָבָא edition Berlin edition Targum Psalms 109, 11 (Hebrew text ינקש); and frequently—Targum Proverbs 8, 10 גָבוּ לכון וכ׳ hoard ye unto yourselves knowledge. the same place (ibid.) 25, 4 גָּבוּ rake ye out (remove; Hebrew text הגו). Targum Isaiah 46, 6 גָּבָן וכ׳ they rake together gold (Hebrew text זלים).—Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 רבתי (חד כות׳ 1) ההוא גברא מְגַבֵּב כובין וכ׳ this man (thou) will be a gatherer of thorns and when he brings them, all people will run away from him; [Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 4, 55ᵇ bottom of the page, see אִיזָּא]. ↗ original
גְּבָבָא (the preceding) rakings, see next wordג׳ דעמראa ball of clipped wool. Bava Bathra 74ᵃ; Sanhedrin 110ᵃ; Bamidbar Rabbah section 18. Berachoth 9ᵇ בין ג׳ דע׳ חיורא between a lump of white wool etc. the same place (ibid.) 8ᵃ, see חִיזְרָא I.—plural גְּבָבֵי. Gittin 68ᵃ ↗ original
גְּבָבָה (גבב) rakings, small stubble, straw etc., used as fuel. Shabbath 3, 1 and the following, Yerushalmi (prefix) edition (Mishnah a. Babylonian edition גְּבָבָא Chaldaic (Aramaic)). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 5ᶜ bottom of the page, Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 36ᵇ. Kelim 17, 1 של בלנין בג׳ the vessels of the bathers cease to be susceptible of levitical uncleanness, when they are so defective as to let small fuel drop out. Parah 4, 3; and frequently ↗ original
גָּבַהּ see גבב; compare גאה) to be high; to be elated. Megillah 15ᵃ ג׳ המן וכ׳ (variant reading ג׳ לבו של המן) Haman is haughtier than Ahasver (he dared what Ah. did not venture); Yalkut Shimoni Esther 1056.—Sotah 5ᵃ ולא ג׳ הר סיני למעלה and Mount Sinai did not rise higher (grow proud). Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִגְבִּיהַּto raise, elevate; to make elated. Taanith 23ᵃ a generation which was to be humbled הִגְבַּהְּתּוֹ בתפלתן hast thou lifted up through thy prayer, see גָּאָה.—Eruvin 55ᵃ מי שמַגְבִּיהַּ דעתו עליו כשמים Munich manuscript (edition עליה, edition Soncino מגב׳ עצמו כשמ׳; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage); Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 940 שמגיס דעתו) who exalts his mind in himself as high as the heavens (who considers himself very wise, edition who considers himself on account of his knowledge of it as high etc.). the same place (ibid.) 13ᵇ him who lowers himself הק"בה מַגְבִּיהוֹ the Lord will raise, וכל המגביה עצמו וכ׳ and whomsoever exalts himself, the Lord will lower; the same place (ibid.) 54ᵃ; Nedarim 55ᵃ. Tanchuma Ki Thissa 14 מַגְבִּיהִים פניהם lifted their faces up; and frequently—Challah 3, 1 מַגְבַּהַת חלתה she lifts up (dedicates) the priest’s share; see, however, גָּבָה. to take up a lost object in order to take possession of it. Bava Metzia 8ᵃ המגביה מציאה לחבירו וכ׳ if one takes up an object in behalf of his neighbor; the same place (ibid.) 10ᵃ; Betzah 39ᵇ; and frequently Hof. הֻפְעַל הוּגְבַּהּto be raised. Sotah 47ᵇ שפלים הוּגְבָּהוּ the low have been raised. Tanchuma Ki Thissa 5; Vayikra Rabbah section 8 בלשון זה ה׳ with the word zeh (Leviticus 6, 13) has he (Aaron) been raised.—participleמוּגְבַּהּ, feminine מוּגְבַּהַת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 1, 32ᵈ bottom of the page what means שְׂאֵת (Leviticus 13, 2) מוגבהת a raised spot (Sifra Thazr., Nega'im Chaldaic (Aramaic) I מובהקת, correct accordingly). Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְגַּבֵּהּ, , Nithpa. נִתְגַּבֵּהַּto be elated, boastful. Tanchuma Chukkath 1 התחיל מִתְגַּבֵּהַּ והולך he beame more and more overbearing (Tanchuma edition Buber edition the same place (ibid.); Bamidbar Rabbah section 18 מתגבר). Bamidbar Rabbah section 6, beginning נִתְגַּבְּהוּ בעצמם they were proud of their own selves. ↗ original
גְּבַהּ , to be high, elated. Targum Psalms 131, 1.—Shabbath 67ᵃ גְּבִיהַת מכל וכ׳ thou art higher than all other trees. Megillah 15ᵃ ג׳ מלכא וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition גבר) the King on high is higher than the king below. Chullin 7ᵇ ג׳ טורא וכ׳ a mountain rose between them (separating them). [Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 10, 47ᵇ bottom of the page גביה מן דאבהתיה, Tosafoth to Chullin 64ᵇ גמיר.] Af'el הִפְעִיל אַגְבַּהּto raise. Targum 2 Chronicles 33, 14. to take up. Sukkah 44ᵇ אַגְבְּהֵיה וכ׳ he took it (the festive wreath) up once as such and a second time for the willow branches thereon. Bava Metzia 2ᵇ בהדי הדדי אַגְבְּהוּהָ they took the lost object up at the same time. the same place (ibid.) 8ᵃ; and frequently Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְגַּבַּהּ,Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְגְּבַהּto be high; to grow proud. Targum Job 35, 5. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 1, 12. to rise. Targum Job 39, 27; and elsewhere—Chullin 141ᵇ and the following דלִיתְגַּבְּהוּ that the young birds may rise (when frightened). ↗ original
גַּבְהוּתthe preceding) height, excellence; pride, haughtiness. Berachoth 10ᵇ (referring to Psalms 130, 1) אין ג׳ לפני וכ׳ there must be no hight (elevated stand during prayer) before the Lord. Esther Rabbah to 4, 15 מִגַּ׳ לב from haughtiness.—Tanchuma Ki Thissa 27 גַּבְהוּתוֹ של עולם the hight of the world, i.e. the Most High. ↗ original
גַּבְהוּתָא Targum 2 Chronicles 32, 26. ↗ original
גָּבוֹהַּthe preceding words), construct state גְּבַהּhigh, exalted, elevated etc. Sotah 5ᵃ among men ג׳ רואה את הַגָּ׳ וכ׳ a high persou looks up to a higher one, but ignores the lower one. Bereshith Rabbah section 22 (referring to Psalms 32, 1) happy is he שהוא ג׳ מפשעו וכ׳ who is higher than (who controls) his sin, and whose sin is not higher than himself; and frequently—Sanhedrin 5ᵇ (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) diction) אבוה … גְּבַהּ עינים הוה this man’s (my) father was ambitious.—Fem. גְּבוֹהָה. Avoth 5, 19 רוח ג׳ haughtiness, opposite נמוכה.—plural גְּבוֹהִים, feminine גְּבוֹהוֹת. Esther Rabbah to 4, 7 הג׳ הושפלו the high were lowered.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 6, 36ᶜ top עיניו … היו ג׳ my father was ambitious, see above.—Esp. הַגָּבוֹהַּthe Most High. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 7, 25ᵇ top; the same place (ibid.)ᶜ top בעבודתה בעבודת(ה)ג׳ with a service peculiar to it (that idol), or with a service prescribed for the worship of the Lord; Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 6, beginning 54ᶜ למלאכת הג׳ referring to a service prescribed for the worship of the Lord (but applied to an idol).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 1, 37ᵃ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 1, beginning 51ᵃ לשון ג׳ הוא it is an expression alluding to Divinity, see חֶרֶס.—לַגָּ׳ for the Lord, on the altar. Pesachim 3ᵇ אליה לג׳ סלקא the fat-tail is offered on the altar; and frequently an abnormally tall and slim person with shaking gait. Bechoroth 45ᵇ (explain. קפח, כיפח Mishnah) גבוה edition (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גִּבֵּחַ).—Fem. גְּבוֹהִית. the same place (ibid.) (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גִּבַּחַת). ↗ original
גְּבוּל 1 [heap, mound,] landmark, boundary; limit; qualification. Bava Bathra 69ᵇ (referring to Genesis 23, 17) מי שצריך לג׳ סביב such trees as require boundaries (small trees, are included in the sale). Avodah Zarah 24ᵇ ג׳ יש לה this assertion (לוקחין מהן בהמה לקרבן, the same place (ibid.) 23ᵇ) must be qualified. Yerushalmi (prefix) Challah 1, 57ᵇ top (referring to Isaiah 28, 25) ע"כ גְּבוּלוֹ של לחם so far goes the definition of bread, i.e. only these species can be called leḥem. (in gen.) country, contradistinguished to the sanctuary (מקדש) and Jerusalem. Kethuboth 24ᵇ, and frequently קדשי הג׳ the sacred gifts (T’rumah etc.) set apart and consumed outside of the Temple and Jerusalem.—plural גְּבוּלִים, גְּבוּלִין. Bava Bathra 56ᵃ עיירות העומדות על הג׳ border-towns.—Shekalim 7, 3 נמצא בג׳ if found outside of Jerusalem. Rosh Hashanah 30ᵃ; and frequently—5. גּוֹבֶל. ↗ original
*גְּבוּל 2G’bul (High-land), compare גַּבְלָא. Sotah 9, 15; Sanhedrin 97ᵃ אנשי (ה)ג׳ (Munich manuscript Sanhedrin, a. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 13 גָּלִיל). ↗ original
גְּבוּלָאָה (see the preceding) of G’bul. Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 4 ר׳ יעקב ג׳ (edition Vilna edition גְּבוּלָאִי Hebrew form); Yerushalmi (prefix) Challah 3, 59ᵃ ר׳ י׳ גבולייא; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 4, 66ᵃ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 8, 9ᵇ גַּבְלָיָא of Gabla. ↗ original
גִּבּוֹרstrong, brave, mighty; hero. Nedarim 38ᵃ על ג׳ on a strong man; Shabbath 92ᵃ. Avoth 4, 1 איזהו ג׳ who is a hero?; Tamid 32ᵃ; and frequently—plural גִּבּוֹרִים. Bereshith Rabbah section 37 פלשתים ג׳ Philisteans which means giants, opposite ננסים. Sotah 42ᵇ ד׳ ג׳ four (Philistean) heroes; and elsewhere ↗ original
גְּבוּרָהsuperiority, strength, might. Yoma 69ᵇ זו היא גְּבוּרָתוֹ Munich manuscript (edition גְּבוּרַת גבורתו) in this His strength consists (in His long-suffering). Kiddushin 49ᵇ י׳ קבים ג׳ וכ׳ ten measures of bravery have come down into the world, nine of which the Persians have taken; Esther Rabbah to 1, 3. Bamidbar Rabbah section 10 (allud. to Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 10, 17 a. Isaiah 5, 22) ג׳ של תורה וכ׳ the strength (acquired by the study) of the Law consists in ‘happy’, the strength of wine in ‘woe’; and frequently— הַגְּ׳ Divine Majesty, the Lord. Shabbath 87ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) 88ᵇ, and frequently מפי הג׳ from the mouth of the Lord. high age, see below.—plural גְּבוּרוֹת 1) manifestations of Divine power, wonders. Yoma the passage cited איה גְּבוּרוֹתָיו where are the evidences of His power (that we should call Him גבור)?—2) G’buroth, the second section of the T’fillah (see אָבוֹת), praising the powers of the Lord, also called תְּחִיַית הַמֵּתִים. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, end, 8ᶜ this is the order etc. אבות וג׳ וכ׳ Aboth, G’buroth, and Kiddush hash-Shem (K’dushah).—ג׳ גְּשָׁמִים the power of rain, a clause praising the Lord for giving rains, inserted in G’buroth. Berachoth 5, 2 מזכירין ג׳ גש׳ we mention ‘the power of rain’, i.e. insert the clause, in ‘the Resurrection’, contradistinguished to the prayer for rain (שַׁאֲלָה). Taanith 2ᵃ מאי ג׳ גש׳ וכ׳ why is it named G’buroth G’shamim? Ans. מפני שיורדין בגבורה because the rains come down through (God’s) wonderful power (referring to Job. 5, 9—10).—3) (allusion to Psalms 90, 10) the age of eighty. Moed Katan 28ᵃ שמונים ג׳ (Munich manuscript גבורה) ‘eighty years’ is called g’buroth (g’burah). Treatise S’maḥoth 3, 8 מיתה של גבורה (Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 2, 64ᶜ bottom of the page של זקנה) a death of g’burah (at a high age); Avoth 5, 21 בן שמנים לגבורה. Moed Katan the passage cited הגיע לג׳ if one has reached the age of eighty. ↗ original
גִּבֵּחַ (גבח = גבהּ) high, tall and slim. Bechoroth 45ᵇ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see גָּבוֹהַּ 2. [In Biblical Hebrew: with high forehead, bald in front.] ↗ original
גָּבֵחַPi'elגִּבֵּחַ (see the preceding end) to shave a bald-pate. Tosefta Shabbath 6 (7), 1 המְגַבֵּחַ, see גּוּדְגַּדִּין. ↗ original
גַּבַּחַתhigh forehead; baldness in front. Chullin 65ᵇ הַבָּא ואין לו ג׳ a species of locusts which occasionally appear, having no long-stretched heads (= ראשו ארוך the same place (ibid.)); [Aruch (Sefer HeArukh): a protuberance on the back, hump]. Nega'im 10, 10 הג׳ a leprous affection on the front of the head (making it bald). the same place (ibid.) איזו היא ג׳ מן הקדקד וכ׳ which portion of the head is called gabbaḥath? From the crown sliding down forward to where the hair begins on the forehead; Sifra Thazr. Parah 5. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 10. Tosefta Nega'im 4, 11; and frequently the front or outside of cloth; the nap of new cloth, opposite קרחת. Sifra the passage cited Chaldaic (Aramaic) 15 בְּגַבַּחְתּוֹ אלו חדשים b’gabbaḥto (Leviticus 13, 55) means new cloths (see Targum Onkelos ad loc. (on the passage)). ↗ original
גבי (√גב, see גבב) to collect a bill, taxes etc.; to make one’s self paid, to seize. Kethuboth 90ᵃ, and frequently if a later creditor (second mortgagee) שקדם וג׳ מה שג׳ ג׳ collected first, what he has collected is his own. Bava Metzia 13ᵇ גּוֹבֶה מנכסים ב"ח he may make himself paid of unmortgaged property. Kethuboth 5, 1 גּוֹבָה את הכל she is entitled to the whole amount; and very frequently—Vayikra Rabbah section 11 the king sent a treasury officer לִגְבוֹת to collect (the delinquent taxes); Bereshith Rabbah section 42 לִגְבוֹתָהּ; Tanchuma Sh’mini 9. [Vayikra Rabbah the passage cited וגבו אותו, read והכו, compare Bereshith Rabbah the passage cited] Shemoth Rabbah section 30 מי ג׳ הימנו הדם וכ׳ who collected from him (punished him for) the blood on his hand? לא ישראל גָּבוּ אותו וכ׳ not the Israelites collected it, but the Gibeonites did.—Bereshith Rabbah section 85; section 92 end מצא ב"ח מקום לגבות וכ׳ the creditor met with a chance to collect his bill, i.e. the Lord takes this occasion to visit our sins; and frequently—participle passive גָּבוּיcollected, seized. Bava Metzia 58ᵃ על הַגָּ׳ counting on the Shekel contributions collected (though not yet delivered in the Temple treasury); Kethuboth 108ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 2, beginning 46ᶜ. Shevuoth 48ᵇ, and frequently כג׳ דמי is considered as if collected (in the possession of the creditor); and frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נִגְבֶהto be collected, to be collectible. Bava Metzia the passage cited על העתיד לִגָּבוֹת; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim the passage cited להִיגָּבוֹת on what is yet to be collected. Peah 8, 7 הקופה נִגְבֵּית בשנים the charity fund must be collected by two persons; Bava Bathra 8ᵇ; Sanhedrin 17ᵇ; and frequently to be collected from, be taxed. Pesikta Rabbati section 10 לא היו נִיגְּבִים וכ׳ they were not highly taxed; and frequently Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִגְבָּהto cause to be collected. Challah 3, 1 מַגְבַּהַת חלתה she orders the priest’s gift to be collected; see, however, גָּבַהּ. Gittin 35ᵇ הַגְבּוּהָ את השאר help her to collect the balance. [Tosefta Shabbath 6 (7), 1 מגבה, see גָּבַח.]—participle passive fem. מוּגְבָּהcollected fund. Tanchuma Emor 18. ↗ original
גְּבִי ; [ to rake, see גְּבַב].]. to collect, tax. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 22, 19 (Hebrew text ענש). Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 8, 14; and elsewhere—participle active a. passive גָּבֵי. Targum Hosea 8, 6 (some edition incorr. גַּבֵּי, see Rashi ad loc. (on the passage)).—Bava Metzia 12ᵇ ניהו דלא גָבֵי … מִגְבָא גָבֵי though it cannot be collected from mortgaged, it may be collected from unencumbered property. Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 1, end, 43ᵈ נחתון מִיגְבֵי וכ׳ they went down (to Babylonia) to collect debts there for friends; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 3, 64ᵃ לגביה (read למִיגְבֵי); compare Gittin 14ᵇ.—Bava Metzia 17ᵇ גַּבְיָא she has a right to collect (seize); and frequently Af'el הִפְעִיל אַגְבֵּי as the preceding Hif'il, to confiscate, fine. Targum Amos 4, 5. Targum Hosea 8, 13 (some edition מְגַבַּן participle passive Pa'el).—Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 11, 4 לא מגבי אגר makes not (people) derive any gain.—Bava Kamma 98ᵇ; Kethuboth 86ᵃ מַגְבֵּי ביה makes him pay. the same place (ibid.) א׳ ביה כי וכ׳ made him pay the full amount, see כָּשׁוֹרָא. Shevuoth 48ᵇ אַגְבּוּיֵי מַגְבִּינָן ביה we do not order collection on such a bill. [Niddah 65ᵇ מגבי בה, see גִּיב a. גִּיחַ.] Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְגְּבִיto be taxed, fined. Targum Onkelos Exodus 21, 22. ↗ original
גבי ² , Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 5, 55ᵇ bottom of the page, see גְּבִינִי 2↗ original
גַּבְיָא 1 (גבי) collected, hoarded. Targum Proverbs 8, 19 סימא סגיא ג׳ edition Lagarde edition, (Hebrew text כסף נבחר) hoarded treasure; 16, 16.—5. גְּבִי. ↗ original
*גַּבְיָא 2 (see גָּבוֹהַּ a. גִּבֵּחַ)tall and slim. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 22, 22 דג׳ או דנסיס Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition different interpretation or differently interpreted version, Hebrew text חרוץ או יבלת) extremely tall or of stinted growth; see גְּבִיחַ. [The version of Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) obviously belonged to Leviticus 21, 20.] ↗ original
גְּבִיהַּ (see גְּבַהּ). Targum Psalms 113, 5 (variant reading גָּבֵיהַּ).—plural גְּבִיהִין. the same place (ibid.) 103, 11. [Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 10, 47ᵇ bottom of the page, see גְּבַהּ.] ↗ original
גַּבָּיוּת (גבי) collectorship, office ofגַּבַּאי. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 2, 23ᵃ top יצא מגַּבָּיוּתוֹ (not מגבייתו); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 4 פירש מגביותו (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) ייתו …, some edition מגַּבָּאוּתוֹ) as soon as he has resigned his office as (Roman) tax-collector. ↗ original
גַּבָּיוּתָא Sanhedrin 25ᵇ עבד ג׳ occupied the collector’s office. ↗ original
גְּבִיחַ , extremely tall. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Leviticus 21, 20 (second version for Hebrew text גִּבֵּן; variant reading in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גְּבִיע (not גביני), see Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) Aruch Completum (Kohut) under the word גבן 2, p. 227ᵃ); see גַּבְיָא 2. ↗ original
גַּבָּיי (גבי) collector of taxes or charities, treasurer, manager. Nedarim 65ᵇ when one is reduced to poverty, אינו נופל לידי ג׳ תחלה he does not at once fall into the hands of the public almoner (but is taken care of by his friends). Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 2, 23ᵃ top; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 4 חבר שנעשה ג׳ if a ḥaber (socius, see חָבֵר 3) becomes a collector (publican), he is expelled from the order; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 16, end, 15ᵈ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 8, 45ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 4, 38ᶜ הניחו לַגַּ׳ שיגבה וכ׳ let the collector collect his debt, i.e. let the divine agency do its mission.—plural גַּבָּאִים, גַּבָּאִין. Tosefta Bava Metzia 8, 26 הג׳ והמוכסים וכ׳ for tax and custom collectors it is difficult to make reparation; Bava Kamma 94ᵇ. Tosefta Demai 3, 17 גַּבָּאֵי צדקה collectors or managers of charity.—Avoth 3, 16 הג׳ מחזירים וכ׳ the collectors (divine agencies of justice) go around every day; and frequently—Chaldaic (Aramaic) גַּבּוֹיָיא, plural גַּבּוֹיִין. Targum Esther 4, 7 (Bxt. a. other גַּבָּאִין). [גַּבְיָיא, see גַּבְיָא I.] ↗ original
גְּבִיל (גבל) a mush of flour and water. Berachoth 37ᵇ (defin. טָרִיתָא) ג׳ מרתח a scalded mush (Munich manuscript מרתח ג׳), a sort of puff-pastry or trifle. ↗ original
גְּבִין 2 (see גַּב) eye-brow. Niddah 23ᵇ הגבין Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition הגבן correct accordingly). Bechoroth 7, 2 (43ᵇ) אין לו גבינין … אלא ג׳ אחד וכ׳ if one has no eye-brows or only one eye-brow,—this is the gibben of the Bible (Leviticus 21, 20); explained the same place (ibid.) the same place (ibid.) זהו מדרש או גבן this is what is deducted by interpretation from ô gibben (the same place (ibid.)).—plural גְּבִינִים, גְּבִינִין. Niddah the passage cited; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 50ᶜ bottom of the page—Bechoroth the passage cited, see above. the same place (ibid.) (explain. גִּבֵּן, Leviticus the passage cited) שגְּבִינָיו שוכבין (not שגבינין) whose eye-brows are lying (overshadowing the eyes). ↗ original
גְּבִינָא 1 ; also eye-lash. plural גְּבִינִין, גְּבִינֵי; גְּבִינָתָא. Targum Leviticus 14, 9. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Leviticus 21, 20, Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Leviticus 21, 20 דגָבִינוֹי שכבן וכ׳, see the preceding (Hebrew text גִּבֵּן).—Targum Proverbs 6, 4; the same place (ibid.) 25 גְּבִינָהָא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition גְּבִינָתָהָא); the same place (ibid.) 30, 13 (Hebrew text עפעפ׳).—Bava Kamma 117ᵃ ומסרחי גביניה and his eye-lashes were over-hanging (he could not move his eye-lids). the same place (ibid.) דלו לי גְבִינַי manuscripts (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 3, edition עיני) lift my eye-lashes for me. ↗ original
גְּבִינָהcurdled milk, cheese. Avodah Zarah 34ᵇ גְּבִינַת בית אונייקי Bithynian cheese (prepared by gentiles), see אוּנְיָיקִי; and frequently—plural גְּבִינוֹת. the same place (ibid.) 2, 4; and frequently—Tosefta Zavim 2, 5 הגְּבִינִין. Treatise Kuthim Chaldaic (Aramaic) 2 הגְּבִינִים.—Chaldaic גּוּבְנָא. ↗ original
גְּבִינִיG’bini, name of a Temple crier. Tamid 3, 8; Yoma 20ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 5, 55ᵇ bottom of the page גבי (correct accordingly).—2) G. ben Ḥarson. Koheleth Rabbah to 4, 8. ↗ original
*גְּבִינְתָּא (גבן, see גְּבִין I) (the camel’s) hump. plural גְּבִינָתָה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 5, 7ᵇ bottom of the page (explained מטולטלת) כהדא כֵּיפָה דהיא משויא ג׳ like a ball (a cushion) to level the humps; compare גְּבִיעָה 2. ↗ original
גָּבִיעַcup. Bereshith Rabbah section 91; Tanl. Mikkets 8; and elsewhere ↗ original
גְּבִיעָאG’biah (hump-backed). Bereshith Rabbah section 61 ג׳ בן קוסם; Sanhedrin 91ᵃ ג׳ בן פסיסא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition גְּבִיהָא). ↗ original
גְּבִיעָה 2 (גבע) hump. Bereshith Rabbah section 61 (Alexander the Great to G’biah, see the preceding) אני משוה לך גְּביעָתְךָ variant reading (edition פדחתך) I will level thy hump. ↗ original
גְּבִירָהmistress, lady. Sotah 12ᵇ; Shemoth Rabbah section 1 גְּבִירְתֵּנוּ O our mistress! Taanith 21ᵇ (of Palestine, opposite שפחה Babylonia). Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 3, 6ᶜ; and elsewhere—plural גְּבִירוֹת. Shemoth Rabbah the passage cited; Tanchuma Sh’moth 3 בני ג׳ the sons of the ladies (Leah and Rachel). 5. גְּבֶרֶת. ↗ original
גְּבִישָׁתָא (גבש) hills. Targum Zephaniah, Book of 1, 10, see גְּבְעֲתָא. ↗ original
גָּבַל root or radix; see גבב) [to give a rounded shape,] to to knead, stamp. Shabbath 24, 3 you may put water into the bran (on the Sabbath) אבל לא גוֹבְלִין but must not mix it to a mass. Tosefta Maasroth 3, 13 גובל עיסתו he kneads his dough. Vayikra Rabbah section 29 בד׳ גְּבָלוֹ (Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Baḥod. p. 150ᵇ גִּיבְּלוֹ) on the fourth day He formed the dust into a mass. Pi'el פִּעֵל גִּיבֵּלsame. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 5, 43ᶜ bottom of the page הפריש ואח׳'כ גי׳ he set apart (the T’rumah) and then made the dough. the same place (ibid.) מיגבול חמש (read מְגַבֵּל). Taanith 10ᵃ שמְגַ׳ את הגבינה that forms a cheese. the same place (ibid.) 19ᵇ שמג׳ את הטיט that stamps clay; and frequently—participle passive מְגוּבָּל. the same place (ibid.) מ׳ יפה a thoroughly kneaded mass. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְגַּבֵּלto be kneaded. the same place (ibid.) אינו מִתְגַּבֵּל יפה is not thoroughly kneaded. ↗ original
גְּבַלsame. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᵇ bottom of the page ההן דִּגְבַל כ׳ (or דְּגַבַּל) he who kneads lime dust. Gittin 69ᵃ ונִיגְבּוֹל בדובשא let him knead it with honey. the same place (ibid.) וניגדול … וניגבול בהדין קיטמא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (variant reading see גַּרְבֵּל; edition וניגדבל) let him twist … and mix (the wick) thoroughly with ashes. Bereshith Rabbah section 34, end גַּבְלִין ליה וכ׳, see אֲדַמְדְּמָנֵי. (of parasite worms) to grow. Chullin 67ᵇ מיניה קא גַבְלֵי they grow out of it (originate in the body). the same place (ibid.) bottom of the page כי קא גַבְלָן וכ׳ when they grew, they grew as permitted food. Pa'el פִּעֵל גַּבֵּל as Pe. 1).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 5, 56ᵈ top ומְגַבְּלָא אדמיה וכ׳ and to mix its blood with flax-seed. Bava Metzia 69ᵃ (proverb) גַּבֵּיל לתורא גביל לתורי mix (fodder) for an ox, mix for oxen, i.e. it is the same trouble. Berachoth 40ᵃ גביל לתורי (if he interrupted himself by saying,) ‘Mix fodder for the oxen’. Shabbath 156ᵃ Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִיתְגַּבֵּל, אִיגַּבֵּלto be kneaded. Vayikra Rabbah section 6 אִיגַּבְּלוּן בלישה the coins were kneaded with the dough. ↗ original
גַּבָּל (גבל) kneader, baker. Pesachim 34ᵃ ג׳ של בית וכ׳ was the baker for the house of Rabbi. the same place (ibid.) 46ᵃ לג׳ ולתפלה וכ׳ in order to get a kneader (that observes levitical purity), for prayer (in a synagogue) and for washing hands (for a meal) one is bound to walk four mils (no more). Kethuboth 72ᵃ פלוני ג׳ תקן וכ׳ a certain kneader prepared for me the dough according to the law of Ḥallah. ↗ original
גַּבָּלָא , especially one that mixes fodder. Shabbath 156ᵃ ג׳ דבי וכ׳ the gabbal of the house of the Nasi, see the preceding↗ original
גַּבְלָא (compare Biblical Hebrew גְּבָל) [Highland,] Gabla, Gabalena, a district (and town) South or South West of Jerusalem, occupied by Edomites (see Graetz Monatsschrift 1875, p. 61 and the following; 1880, p. 481 and the following). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 36, 20; I Chronicles 1, 38 (Hebrew text שֵׂעִיר). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 33, 2.—Avodah Zarah 59ᵃ; Kethuboth 112ᵃ איקלע לג׳ came to Gabla. Cmp. גַּבְלָן. ↗ original
גַּבְלוּל (גבל) a lump of dough taken out for forming cakes etc., a roll of dough. Yerushalmi (prefix) Challah 2, beginning 59ᵃ חלה כמין ג׳ the priest’s gift must be, in shape and substance, like a roll.—plural גַּבְלוּלִין. the same place (ibid.) משתיעשה ג׳ ג׳ from the time that the dough is divided into lumps. ↗ original
גִּבְלִית (a geogr. term) Giblean, supply (understood word) גִּיזְרָה, a Giblean balcony. Oholoth 14, 1 הגיזרה והג׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 3, 34ᶜ bottom of the page גיזרה הגּוּבְלִית. Tosefta Oh. 14, 9 איזה ג׳ what balcony is called Giblith? כל שמניקה מכאן ומכאן ומשוייר מן האמצע (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) a. other) a balcony which sucks from (is girded to the wall on) both sides and left alone (without support) in the middle. [Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) reads כל שמעוקם מכאן וכ׳ curved on both sides and straight-lined in the middle, and explains our word to mean אוצרstore-room.] [variant reading lect. גבילית, גבלות, גבלת.] ↗ original
גַּבְלָן [Highland,] District of Gablan, Gabalena (compare גַּבְלָא a. גְּבוּל 2). Sotah 9, 15 (49ᵇ); Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 13 והג׳ ישום; Sanhedrin 97ᵃ והג׳ יאשם (Manuscript Florence והגבל) the Gablan will lie desolate; (compare Kethuboth 112ᵃ איקלע לגבלא as to the envied fertility of Gabalena). 5. גּוּבְלָנָא. ↗ original
גִּבֵּןhump-backed, or one having defective eye-brows. Bechoroth 7, 2 R. Ḥanina … says, the gibben of the Bible (Leviticus 21, 20) is מי שיש לו שני גבים וכ׳, see גַּב Hebrew; other opinion, see under the word גְּבִין. [Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2 extremely tall, see גְּבִיחַ.] ↗ original
גָּבַן , Pi'elגִּבֵּן (see גְּבִינָה) to form cheese. Shabbath 95ᵃ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 9 (10), 13 המגבין, edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading המגבן); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 7, 10ᶜ bottom of the page והמְגַבֵּן, see חָבֵץ. ↗ original
גַּבְנוּןhumpy, humpbacked. plural גַּבְנוּנִּים. Mechilta Yithro, Baḥod. 4 (referring to Psalms 68, 17) כלכם ג׳ אתם וכ׳ ye are all humpbacked (blemished) as we read (Leviticus 21, 20) etc., see גִּבֵּן; (Megillah 29ᵃ בעלי מומין); Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 284; see Tanchuma B’midbar 7; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 796. ↗ original
גְּבַע (compare גבח) to be arched.—participle גְּבִיעַ, see גְּבִיחַ. *. אַגְבַּעto waddle. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 1, 22ᵃ top saw one mouse (which had swallowed a jewel) מַגְבַּע ואתי come in waddling. ↗ original
גֶּבַע (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a place Geba, a Samaritan town. Kelim 17, 5 חֲצִירֵי ג׳ leeks of G.; Yerushalmi (prefix) Orlah 3, 63ᵃ bottom of the page חריצי ג׳ (correct accordingly); Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 6, 10 חצר ג׳ של בית הכותים.—[Tosefta Sotah 11, 14 (referring to Zechariah 14, 10) גבע רמון, Yalkut Shimoni Zechariah 585 ג׳ ורמון.] ↗ original
גִּבְעָהhill. Vayikra Rabbah section 10 כמין ג׳ like a hill (the bullock between the two rams). Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 6 עשה ערלותיהן ג׳ he piled up their preputia; Bereshith Rabbah section 47 העמידן גִבְעַת ערלות; and elsewhere—plural גְּבָעוֹת. Chagigah 15ᵃ ברא הרים ברא ג׳ He created mountains, and (corresponding to them) hills. Taanith 8ᵇ (referring to Job 37, 13) אם לשבט בהרים וג׳ if He sends rain as a scourge, He sends it on mountains and hills. Avodah Zarah 17ᵃ הרים וג׳ ye mountains and hills! Sotah 5ᵃ; and frequently proper noun of a place Gibeah. Gittin 6ᵇ עסיק בפלגש ג׳ studying the case of the woman murdered in Gibeah (Judges 19 and the following). Pesikta Rabbati section 11 בפלגש בג׳ in the war about the woman of G.; and elsewhere—Shevuoth 35ᵇ שמות האמורין בג׳ Rashi (edition בגִבְעַת בִּנְיָמִין) the names (Adonai, El etc.) used in the chapter about Gibeah (Judges 20). ↗ original
גִּבְעוֹלcalyx or capsule of plants. Parah 12, 2 (of hyssop).—plural גִּבְעוֹלִין. the same place (ibid.) 2; 5; Yoma 14ᵇ.—the same place (ibid.) 75ᵃ זרע פשתן בגבעולין (Munich manuscript 2 בגִבְעוֹלָיו) the seed of flax in (its) capsules; see גַּד 2. Bamidbar Rabbah section 7 נעשה ג׳ the flax had formed capsules; Vayikra Rabbah section 18 ומצאה ג׳ (when no longer good for linen). Parah 11, 7, see גָּמַל; and frequently ↗ original
גִּבְעוֹנִי (Biblical Hebrew) Gibeonite, one not admissible as a member of the congregation of Israel, see נָתִין. Pesikta Rabbati section 26 (referring to Jeremiah 28, 1). Yevamoth 71ᵃ ג׳ מהול (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) גבנוני, other edition גבן) a circumcised G.; Avodah Zarah 27ᵃ גִּבְנוֹנִי; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 81 manuscript גבעוני (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim to Avodah Zarah the passage cited note 40).—plural גִּבְעוֹנִים. Bamidbar Rabbah section 8; Shemoth Rabbah section 30; Yevamoth 78ᵇ; and frequently—Chaldaic גִּבְעוֹנָאֵי. Targum 2 Samuel 21, 1; and elsewhere—Kiddushin 70ᵇ, see גּוֹבַיָּא; and elsewhere ↗ original
גִּבְעֲתָא Targum Judges 7, 1; and elsewhere—plural גִּבְעָתָא. Targum Zephaniah, Book of 1, 10 (edition Lagarde edition גבישתא). ↗ original
גָּבַר see גבב) to be uppermost, prevail; to be strong. Bamidbar Rabbah section 7 לשון גָּבַר, see אָנוּשׁ. Sotah 9, 15 גָּבְרוּ בעלי זרוע the violent prevailed. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 2, 61ᶜ top; Tosefta Chagigah 2, 11; Betzah 20ᵃ גָּבְרָה יָדָן וכ׳ the Shammaites prevailed over (outnumbered) the Hillelites; and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל גִּבֵּר, גִּיבֵּרto make strong, strengthen, sustain. Echah Rabbah to 3, 1 גִּבְּרַנִי לעמוד בכולן he made me strong enough to survive all these calamities; the same place (ibid.) 12. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 14 מְגַבְּרָן לישראל (edition Vilna edition מַגְבִּירָן Hif'il) sustains Israel. the same place (ibid.) 3, 7 שהן מְגַבְּרִין את וכ׳ they (the sixty words of the priestly benediction) strengthen Israel. Mechilta Beshallach, Amalek, section 1 וכי … מְגַבְּרוֹת ישראל can Moses’ (uplifted) hands make Israel victorious?; and frequently—participle passive מְגוּבָּר, see below. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִגְבִּירsame; see above.—2) to grow strong. the same place (ibid.) עתידין … לְהַגְבִּיר בד"ת וכ׳ (Moses’ uplifted hands indicated that the Lord remembered that) Israel would in the future be strong in the Law which was to be given through his (Moses’) hands, opposite להמיך; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 264. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְגַּבֵּר, , Nithpa. נִתְגַּבֵּרto rise, swell; to grow strong, gather courage; to make one’s self master. Tanchuma Bereshith 7 המים מִתְגַּבְּרִין the waters of the Nile rose. Bamidbar Rabbah section 19 ומִתְגַּבֶּרֶת שם and rose there. the same place (ibid.) מלא מים מְגוּבָּרִין full of high waters. Sanhedrin 96ᵃ לא נ׳ עד וכ׳ had no courage until he came to Daniel Rosh Hashanah 3, 8 היו מִתְגַּבְּרִין they were victorious. Chagigah 16ᵃ, and elsewhere if one feels שיצרו מתג׳ עליו that his passion threatens to make itself master over him; Kiddushin 80ᵇ. Nedarim 81ᵃ מפני שהן מתגברין על הצבור because they lord it over the people (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) מתגדרין, see גָּדַר). Bamidbar Rabbah section 18, see גָּבַהּ. Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 287 (referring to Isaiah 17, 11) מכה מִתְגַּבֶּרֶת (Vayikra Rabbah section 18 מגרת, correct accordingly or מגברת) an affliction which makes itself the master, see אָנוּשׁ. Bereshith Rabbah section 76; and frequently ↗ original
גְּבַר 1 Targum Psalms 103, 11.—Gittin 60ᵇ, see אַלִּים. Pesachim 76ᵃ, and frequently עילאה ג׳ in the case of a contact between warm and cold substances, the upper one prevails (heating or cooling the substance into which it is poured); תתאה ג׳ the lower prevails. Pa'el פִּעֵל גַּבֵּר as the precedingPi'el Targum Amos 5, 9. Targum Zechariah 10, 6; and elsewhere—participle passive מְגַבַּרgrowing, swelling. Targum Isaiah 8, 8. Af'el הִפְעִיל אַגְבַּרto make strong, to cause to overpower. Targum Isaiah 41, 25.—Sanhedrin 38ᵃ אַגְבְּרוּ חמרא וכ׳ let the wine get the better of the young men, i.e. give them plenty to drink, that they may become mirthful. ↗ original
גֶּבֶרman, master. Echah Rabbah to 3, 1. Kiddushin 80ᵇ (referring to Lamentations 3, 39) וכי ג׳ על הטאיו הוא (Rashi) is man master over his sins (sinless)? cock. Yoma 1, 8 בקריאת הג׳ at the time of the crowing of the cock; the same place (ibid.) 20ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 5, 48ᵈ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 5, 55ᶜ disputed meaning: man’s (the cryer’s) crying, or the cock’s crowing, see כָּרוֹזָא. (euphem.) membrum virile. Bechoroth 7, 5 (44ᵇ) בעל ג׳ a man with an abnormally large membrum. ↗ original
גְּבַר 2 ; man. Targum Genesis 2, 24; and very frequently—Berachoth 63ᵃ באתר דלית ג׳ כ׳ where there is no man, (leader). Bava Metzia 97ᵃ (proverb) ג׳ דנשי וכ׳ for a man whom women killed there is no law or judge. Eruvin 53ᵇ, see אוּשְׁפִּיזָא.—Menachoth 42ᵇ, and elsewhere חובת ג׳ personal duty, opposite ח׳ טלית the duty resting on the garment (whether or not you wear it).—ההוא גברא a certain man. Bava Metzia the passage cited; and very frequently [Frequ. האי גברא, or ההוא, euphem. for I, or thou; see ההוא.]—Bechoroth 36ᵃ בלא גברא (Rashi גברי) without naming an authority.—plural גַּבְרִין, גַּבְרַיָּיא, גַּבְרֵי. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 1, 13; and very frequently—Vayikra Rabbah section 23 יהוון גַּבְ׳ בכל מילייא (Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 2 גּוּבְרִין) they shall be strong (trained) in all things. Bava Kamma 92ᵇ (proverb) כד הוינן זוטרי לג׳ וכ׳ when we were young, we were esteemed as men, now that we are old etc.; and very frequently—Kethuboth 6ᵃ בלא ג׳, see above. the same place (ibid.) 53ᵇ סימן דגברי שׄקׄ זׄרׄףׄ the mnemonical sign for the authorities quoted is etc. (שׄשת, לקׄיש, אלעזׄר, רׄבא, פׄפא).—Fem. גְּבַרְתָּא, only assumed for argument, see אַנְתְּרוֹפִי. 5. also גּוּבְרָא. ↗ original
גַּבְרִיאֵל (Biblical Hebrew) Gabriel, name of an angel (Divine Strength). Daniel 8, 16; and elsewhere Bereshith Rabbah section 1, beginning Shemoth Rabbah section 1. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 13ᵃ bottom of the page לא יצווח לא לג׳ וכ׳ man in distress must not invoke Gabriel &c,; and very frequently ↗ original
גַּבְרִית (denominative of גֶּבֶר) cock-like. Shabbath 67ᵇ kill this hen שקרתה ג׳ for she crowed like a cock (a superstitious practice); (Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 6 (7), 5 שקראה כזכר). ↗ original
גְּבֶרֶת feminine (Biblical Hebrew) = גְּבִירָה. Bereshith Rabbah section 51 בן גְּבִרְתָּהּ her mistress’ son. Bereshith Rabbah section 45 (גְּבִירְ׳) גְּבִרְתִּי my mistress; and elsewhere ↗ original
גְּבַרְתָּן (denominative of גְּבוּרָה) brave, hero. Sifré Deuteronomy 305; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 941 ג׳ (ש)כמותך a hero (who is) like thyself. ↗ original
גְּבַרְתָּנִית (see the preceding) powerful, overwhelming. Bamidbar Rabbah section 7 (referring to אָנוּשׁ Isaiah 17, 11, see גָּבַר) leprosy is called a strong disease מפני שהיא מכה ג׳ (not הג׳) because it is an overpowering affliction; Vayikra Rabbah section 18 מכה ג׳ ומתשת an overpowering and weakening etc. ↗ original
גָּבַשׁto be high, piled up; denominative גָּבוּשׁ. Pi'el פִּעֵל גִּבֵּשׁto fill with piles of stones. Tosefta Oh. 17, 9 שגִּבְּשֹׁו בגבושים which he filled up etc.; (Oh. 18, 5 רצף באבנים). ↗ original
גְּבַשׁ ; to heap up. Targum Proverbs 6, 8 edition (manuscript גדש׳). ↗ original
גַּבְשׁוּשִׁית (גבש) heap of stones, pile, mound. Shabbath 73ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) 152ᵃ (referring to Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 12, 5 מגבוה ייראו) שאפי׳ ג׳ קטנה וכ׳ even a small mound appears to him (the aged man) like the highest mountains. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 2, 20ᵃ, opposite חָרִיץ.—plural גַּבְשׁוּשִׁיֹּות. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 7, 21ᶜ שתי ג׳ וכ׳ (not … שית) they put up two mounds and named them Mount Gerizim etc. ↗ original
גַּבְשׁוּשִׁיתָא Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 12, 5.—Targum Song of Songs 4, 1, see גַּלְשׁוּשִׁיתָא.—plural גַּבְשׁוּשִׁין masculine (frequently גַּבְשׁוּשָׁא). Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 7, 25ᵈ מינוקיא עבדין ג׳ (Jewish) children (in Rome) made little piles etc. ↗ original
גַּבַּתGabbath, later name for Biblical Gibbethon, in the territory of Daniel [Cmp. as to change of Biblical names Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 70ᵃ bottom of the page] Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 69ᵇ; Ruth Rabbah introduction; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 16 מג׳ ועד אנטיפרס וכ׳ between G. and Antipatris there were sixty myriads of townships; Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah the passage cited מגבות; Echah Rabbah to 2, 2 מגיבתון. ↗ original
גַּג (Biblical Hebrew) roof. Middoth 5, 3. Pesachim 13ᵇ, see אִיסְטְבָא; and very frequently—Yoma 47ᵃ עלה לגג excelled all, see זֶרֶד. in gen. upper portion, top, apex. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 8, 9ᵃ רוב גַּגָּהּ של עטרה the largest portion of the top of the membral corona, contradistinguished to רוב גֹּובְהָהּ, see גֹּובַהּ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 19, end, 17ᵇ רוב גוב׳ אטרה (correct accordingly).—Chullin 67ᵇ ג׳ תמרה the outer covering of a date.—plural גַּגֹּות. Eruvin 9, 1; and frequently—Menachoth 10, 2 (64ᵇ), see צְרִיפִין. ↗ original
גָּדGad son of Jacob. Bereshith Rabbah section 71; and frequently—תנאי בני גד, see תְּנַאי the prophet in the days of David. Bava Bathra 15ᵃ דאסקיה ג׳ החוזה וכ׳ Gad, the seer, and Nathan, the prophet, continued the Book of Samuel (from 28, 3; Oxford manuscript דאתא ג׳ … וסיימוה). ↗ original
גַּד 1 (גדד, compare חד) [cutting,] bitter, acrid. Shemoth Rabbah section 5 (referring to Numbers 11, 7) מר וגד bitter and acrid. Targum Beshallach, edition Buber edition 21 גד ולענה (read כלענה; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 258 מר כלע׳).—plural גַּדִּים, גַּדִּין, גְּדָדִין. Bereshith Rabbah section 71 (play on Gaddi, Numbers 13, 11) [read:] גְּדָדִין ומררין acrid and bitter (people); Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 126 כגידין מררין, see גִּידָּא 2; Yalkut Shimoni Ezra 1067 בר גדי (correct accordingly). [גדין, Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 22, 7 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word גדין, read אִגְּרִין.] ↗ original
גַּד 2a rounded-off seed grain, coriander, (in Talmud a. Midrash) linseed. Yoma 75ᵃ (referring to Exodus 16, 7) עגול כגִידָּא וכ׳ the manna resembled a grain by its rounded shape, and a pearl by its white color; even so it has been taught גד שדומה לזרע וכ׳ the word gad (grain) is used, because the manna resembled linseed; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 261; Numbers 734. Mechilta Beshallach, Vayassa, 5 (referring to Exodus the passage cited) איני יודע של מי דומה I do not know to which the comparison refers (to shape or to color); … דומה לזרע וכ׳ it resembles (in form) linseed: but you might think etc., ת"ל לבן therefore ‘white’ is added. ↗ original
גָּד ²decree, fate, especially Gad (Fortune), a god worshipped by the Babylonians and the Jewish exiles. Sanhedrin 63ᵇ ג׳ נמי מיכתב כתיב Gad is also one of the names of idols mentioned in the Bible. Shabbath 67ᵇ ג׳ אינו אלא לשון ע"א Gad is nothing else than a designation of an idol, see next wordגַּד יָוָן proper noun Gad Yavan (Greek Fortune) near Jerusalem. Zavim 1, 5 כְּמִן ג׳ י׳ לשילוה as long as it takes from G. Yerushalmi (prefix) to Siloah; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 10 כְּמִגַּדְיָוָן לשילה; Sanhedrin 63ᵇ כְּמִיגַּדְיָוָן לשילה (correct accordingly)—[Gad Yavan is probably the name of a pool connected with the Siloah, perh. Fount of the Virgin, see Sm. Bible Dictionary under the word Siloam.] [Tohoroth 6, 6; Eruvin 22ᵇ בית גד גד, see גִּלְגּוּל.] ↗ original
גָּד ³ , luck; genius, godhead. Targum Onkelos Genesis 30, 11 גָּד; Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 גַּדָּא (not גֵּרָא). Targum Esther 8, 15 גַּדָּא (not גָּדָא).—Bereshith Rabbah section 71 ג׳ דביתא the good genius of the house. Shabbath 67ᵇ גד גַּרִּי וסינוק לא (Munich manuscript צינוק), a charm formula supposed to mean, Be lucky, my luck, and tire not (probably Grow, my luck etc., see נְגַד). Chullin 40ᵃ לג׳ דהר to the godhead of the mountain. Nedarim 56ᵃ (explain. דרגש) ערסא דג׳ the bed reserved for the domestic genius (bed of state). Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 39ᵈ top לגַרֵּיה וכ׳, see ארקליס. Bereshith Rabbah section 65 ג׳ דע"ז דאת קאים [ביה] by the idolatrous godhead by whom thou standest, i.e. to whom thou referrest in saying, ‘Let my father rise’ (Genesis 27, 31). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 16, end, 15ᵈ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 8, 45ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 4, 38ᵈ בגַדָּךְ מדלי (not בגרך) doest thou rely upon thy good luck? Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 26 מה ביש ג׳ וכ׳ how bad is this woman’s (my) luck!; and frequently—plural גַּדַּיָּיא, גַּדַּיָּא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, 43ᵃ bottom of the page ג׳ קורין אותה גליא a place called Gaddaya is cacophemistically named Gallaya (dung-hills); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 6 (7), 4 גדגיא edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (edition גריא, correct accordingly). ↗ original
גַּדַּאיGaddai(Biblical Hebrew . Kethuboth 105ᵃ ↗ original
גדגדות , Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim to 4, 4 in Babylonian edition (variant reading גדגניות), see גְּרוֹגְרוֹת↗ original
גַּדְגַּדְנִיּוֹת (compare גַּד 2) melilot, a kind of clover, see הִנְדְּקוֹקָא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 3, 20ᵈ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 8, 21ᵃ top; Eruvin 28ᵃ. Berachoth 57ᵇ.—[In later ritualistic literature our word designates cherries, see Löw Low, Aramaische Pflanzennamen, Leipzig 1881 p. 94.] ↗ original
גדגיא , Tosefta Avodah Zarah 6 (7), 4 edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.), see גַּדָּא↗ original
גָּדַד 1to cut, cut off. Parah 2, 2; Bechoroth 44ᵃ יָגוֹד let him lop off (the black tops of the horns or hoofs).—[5. גָּדַר.]—Transferred (compare קצץ) to fix the price. Bava Bathra 13ᵃ גּוֹד או אָגוֹד either fix you a price for my share, or I shall do so (and buy your share); דינא דגוד או אגוד the right of settling by god o agod. the same place (ibid.) אגוד איכא גוד ליכא the offer to buy is applicable in this case (the half-freed slave can offer to buy his other half), but the offer to sell cannot be made (since there is no price for a free man).—participle pass. גָּדוּדstripped (of branches); in a transferred sense empty-handed. Bereshith Rabbah section 68, beginning ג׳ שלחו (Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 117 גדודי) Isaac sent Jacob away without anything valuable. Pi'el פִּעֵל גִּדֵּדto cut off, level. Bereshith Rabbah section 71 (play on בא גד, Genesis 30, 11) בא מי שעתיד לגַדֵּד וכ׳ he has come who is destined to level the fastnesses of the nations (idolatry). Tanchuma Ki Thissa 13 (play on מגדל גד, Joshua 15, 37) from there the Lord יוצא ומְגַדֵּד וכ׳ will proceed and level etc.; Shemoth Rabbah section 40 ומגיד (correct accordingly). Nif'al נִפְעַל נִגְדַּדto be cut off. Kethuboth 51ᵃ כל העומד לִיגָּדֵד כְּגָדוּד דמי Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition ליגזז, see גָּזַז). Hithpol. הִתְגּוֹדֵדto make incisions in one’s own body. Yevamoth 13ᵇ, see גּוּד. Tanchuma Sh’laḥ. 15; Bamidbar Rabbah section 17 קבר מת לא תִתְגּוֹדְדוּ when one buried a dead, the law says, Ye shall not etc. (Deuteronomy 14, 1). 5. גְּדִידָה. *. גֹּדֵדsame. Yevamoth the passage cited א"כ לימא קרא לא תְּגוֹדְדוּ if it were so (that Deuteronomy 14, 1 meant only to forbid incisions in the body) it ought to read lo t’god’du, ye shall make no incisions. ↗ original
גְּדַד [Daniel 4, 11; 20.] Targum Deuteronomy 14, 1 תְגוּדוּן, see the preceding Hithpol.—Betzah 6ᵃ אפי׳ למֵיגַד ליה וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Munich manuscript (edition למֵיגַז) even to cut a shroud for him (the dead, on the second Holy Day); Shabbath 150ᵇ, see גְּזַז. ↗ original
גְּדוּד 1 see גּוּד) troop, band. Pesikta Rabbati section 20, end ג׳ מלאכים a troop of angels. Berachoth 3ᵇ; Sanhedrin 16ᵃ לכו ופשטו ידיכם בג׳ go ye and stretch your hands out (for booty) as a band (of marauders). Pesikta Rabbati the passage cited ג׳ של מלאכי חבלה a troop of angels of destruction.—plural גְּדוּדִים, גְּדוּדִין. the same place (ibid.) Devarim Rabbah section 11, end. Berachoth 29ᵇ במקום גְּדוּדֵי חיה וכ׳ in a place where there are hords of wild beasts or robbers; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 11 variant reading edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) ↗ original
גְּדוּד 2G’dud. Arachin 9, 6 (32ᵃ; 32ᵇ); Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 70ᵃ bottom of the page גְּדוֹר which see ↗ original
גְּדוּדָא (גדד, see גָּדַד participle passive) a tree stripped of all branches. Eruvin 100ᵇ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גרדא, variant reading גרודא; Munich manuscript גרידא, edition Soncino גדור, גרויא; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). [גדודאין, Targum Isaiah 38, 12, see גִּידּוּדָא.] ↗ original
גְּדוּדִית (diminutive of גְּדוּד) small troop. plural גְּדוּדִיּוֹת. Sifra Bechukkothai beginning (referring to Leviticus 26, 31) I shall lay waste your sanctuaries מן הג׳ even of the troops (of travellers; Rashi: of pilgrims). ↗ original
גְּדוּדִית 2 (גָּדַד 1; compare Psalms 65, 11) ruins. plural גְּדוּדִיּוֹת. Eruvin V, I (52ᵇ) ג׳ גבוהות וכ׳ (Munich manuscript omits גבוה׳) debris ten palms high. Cmp. גּוּדָּא I. ↗ original
גדודתה , Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 1, 21ᵈ במקום שהיתה ג׳ Rabbenu Shimshon to Demai 1, 2 (edition גררתה), probably במקום גדודי חיה, see גְּדוּד↗ original
גָּדוֹלgreat, distinguished; (noun) a great man, leader. Shabbath 94ᵇ, and frequently ג׳ כבוד הבריות וכ׳ human dignity is something great, for it overrules a prohibitive law etc. Nedarim 49ᵇ ג׳ מלאכה וכ׳ labor is something great, for it honors him who pursues it.—Sotah 1, 9 ג׳ ממנו his superior. Bereshith Rabbah section 100 גְּדוֹל העולמים the Great One of the worlds, the Lord.—Sanhedrin 21ᵇ גְּ׳ העולם a world-renowned man (Solomon). Moed Katan 22ᵃ גְּ׳ הדור a prominent man of his days. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 82ᶜ top גְּ׳ המשפחה the chief of the family; and very frequently adult, of age, older. Yevamoth 2, 8 בג׳ on the eldest brother. the same place (ibid.) 13, 11 ג׳ וקטנה if one of the brother’s widows is of age, and the other a minor; and frequently—כהן גדול (abbr. כ"ג) Highpriest. the same place (ibid.) 9, 1; and frequently—plural גְּדוֹלִים, גְּדוֹלִין; גְּדוֹלוֹת. Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 8 גְּדוֹלֵי הדור scholars, see above; ג׳ ירושלים prominent citizens of Jerusalem.—Avodah Zarah 18ᵃ ג׳ רומי Roman dignitaries; and frequently—Berachoth 23ᵇ, and elsewhere גדולים (supply (understood word) נקבים) the larger functions of the body, movement of the bowels; see דַּק. ↗ original
גְּדוּלָּהgreatness, distinction, dignity, wealth, high position, office. Gittin 59ᵃ תורה וג׳ במקום א׳ learning and high office combined in one person. Berachoth 61ᵃ בג׳ מתחילין מן הגדול וכ׳ for distinction the superior is first mentioned, for degradation the inferior. Eruvin 13ᵇ מחזר על הג׳ hunting for office. the same place (ibid.) 54ᵃ עולה לג׳ will rise to distinction. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 5, 43ᶜ top למשחה לג׳ וכ׳ ‘for ointment’ (Numbers 18, 11) means for installation in office, for unguent, and for lighting. Megillah 31ᵃ גְּדוּלָּתוֹ של הקב"ה Munich manuscript (edition גבורתו) a description of the greatness of the Lord. Shemoth Rabbah section 3 end הלב ששמח בגדוּלַּת אחיו וכ׳ the heart (of Aaron) which rejoiced over a brother’s distinction shall wear the Urim etc.; and frequently ↗ original
גְּדוֹרG’dor, in Peraea. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 70ᵃ bottom of the page; Arachin 32ᵃ; 32ᵇ (repeatedly גדוד). the same place (ibid.) גמלא בגליל וג׳ בעבר הירדן Gamla in Galilee, G. in Peraea. Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 2, 58ᵃ top הרי מכוור וג׳ (as stations for signalizing the New Moon) the mountains of Mikhvar and G’dor (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 23ᵇ חרים וכייר וגֶדֶר, correct accordingly, see גֶּדֶר); Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 9, 38ᵈ bottom of the page ↗ original
גְּדוּרָאG’durah (Gadara) near Tiberias, giving the name to a species of carob. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 1, beginning 48ᶜ חרובי ג׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) Orlah 1, 61ᵃ top גידודה; Bereshith Rabbah section 79 חרובין של גרודא; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 133 גידורא. ↗ original
גָּדוּשׁGadush. Tosefta Maʿǎser Sheni 1, 14; Eruvin 27ᵃ (see Rabbinovicz D. section ad loc. (on the passage)). ↗ original
*גְּדֵי (see גדד I) to cut, divide, assign. Pa'el פִּעֵל גַּדֵּיto cut off, excommunicate. Niddah 36ᵇ ואי לא צאית גַּרְיֵיה הוא סבר גַּדְּיֵיה א"ל and if he does not obey, drag him over (see גרי, i.e. force him with arguments), but he (R. Assé) understood that he told him gadd’yeh (excommunicate him). the same place (ibid.) לא ציית גדייה he (Shila bar Abina) did not obey, and he (R. Assé) excommunicated him (Rashi). [Tosafoth read for גרייה: גַּדְיֵיה, frequently גדי, a sec. form of נגד, draw him over.—Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word צנע 2 reads גַּדְּדֵיהlash him (referring to Deuteronomy 14, 1), without referring to any misapprehension, while under the word גר 10 הוא סבר גרייה א"ל is quoted—obviously a later insertion of a copyist.] ↗ original
גְּדִי (Biblical Hebrew) kid, in gen. young animal. Chullin 113ᵃ; 113ᵇ (referring to Genesis 38, 17) כאן ג׳ עזים וכ׳ here it reads g’di izzim from which we learn that wherever g’di without any qualification is used, it includes cow and sheep. Menachoth 13, 7; and frequently—plural גְּדָיִם, גְּדָיִים. Sanhedrin 11ᵃ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 4 מפני הג׳ וכ׳ on account of the kids or lambs (being too young for offerings on Passover).—Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 10, 28ᵇ bottom of the page; Bereshith Rabbah section 42, and elsewhere אם אין ג׳ אין תישים when there will be no kids (young students), there will be no wethers (leaders, scholars). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 19ᵃ top ג׳ שהנחת וכ׳ the kids (young scholars) thou hast left behind (in Palestine) have grown to be wethers; and elsewhere—Transferred the tender grain in its husks. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Asser p. 99ᵇ; Tanchuma R’eh 17; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 892 (homiletic interpret. of Deuteronomy 15, 21) אל תגרמו לי לבשל ג׳ וכ׳ do not cause me to ripen the grains in their mothers’ womb (husks, so as to be blown out by the East wind). the Capricorn, a sign in the Zodiac. Pesikta Rabbati section 20. Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 418; Kings 185. [Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 785 הרי נכנס הזאב לגדי, see גדיגוד.] ↗ original
גְּדִי ² Targum Onkelos Genesis 38, 17; 20 (Yerushalmi (prefix) גידי, גירי (?)); 23 O. a. Yerushalmi (prefix) גַּדְיָא.—Pesachim 3ᵇ גדי מסנקן, see סְנַק. Shabbath 18ᵇ דג׳ (בשרא) meat of a kid. the same place (ibid.) 20ᵃ. Chullin 51ᵃ—plural גְּדִין, גְּדָאִין, גַּדְיָין, construct state גַּדְיֵי, גְּדָיֵי. Targum Deuteronomy 14, 4. Targum Genesis 27, 16 edition Berlin edition גְּדֵי; 9 גַּדְיֵי; and elsewhere Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 20 (explained חריצי החלב I Samuel 17, 18) גדיין מניעין וכ׳ kids taken away from their mothers.—גַּדְיָיתָא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 15, 27 (Hebrew text עֵז). ↗ original
גַּדְיָא 2Gadya. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 9, 24ᵇ אצל בית ג׳ (Sanhedrin 11ᵃ בעליית בית גּוּרְיָא). Tanchuma Ki Thetsé 9; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Zakhor p. 25ᵃ; 25ᵇ יודן בן ג׳; Echah Rabbah to 3, 64 גדייא; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 827 (Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 123 Oxford manuscript גּוּרְיָא, see Buber edition Pesikta d'Rav Kahana the passage cited note 76). ↗ original
גדיגוד , Ylamdenu Mattoth quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), הרי נכנס הזאב לג׳, read with Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 785: הרי … לגְּדִי (or לגְדָייוֹ) the wolf is coming to get his kid; compare Tanchuma Matt. 4 עד שהזאב בא לצאן פרשו לו המצודה while the wolf goes for the sheep, spread ye the snare for him. ↗ original
גְּדִידָה (גָּדַד I Hithpa'el) incision in the flesh, wounding. Kiddushin 35ᵇ או אינו אלא (אף) לג׳ perhaps the exemption of females (intimated by בנים Deuteronomy 14, 1) refers (also) to the law forbidding incisions? the same place (ibid.) שריטה וג׳ אחת היאs’ritah and g’didah are legally the same. Makkoth 21ᵃ שריטה ביד וג׳ בכלי s’ritah is done with the hand (nails), g’didah with an instrument. cutting dates, see גְּדִירָה. ↗ original
גְּדִידִיםG’didim. Kiddushin 66ᵃ Judah b. G. ↗ original
גְּדִיָּהshe-kid (see גְּדִי). Menachoth 13, 7 (107ᵇ).—Transferred the tender grain in the husks. plural גְּדִיּוֹת. Pesikta Rabbati section 25 הריני מבשל את הג׳ וכ׳ I shall make ripe etc., see גְּדִי. ↗ original
גָּדֵיל (גדל) growing, especially one entering on puberty. Tosefta Mikvaoth 6, 10, see כָּשׁוּת.—plural גְּדֵילִים, see גָּדַל I. ↗ original
גָּדִיל plural גְּדִילִים, גְּדִילִיןtwisted threads, fringes, see צִיצִית. Menachoth 39ᵇ; Yevamoth 5ᵇ גדיל שנים ג׳ ארבעה gadil (a twist) means at least two threads, g’dilim means four threads (which doubled make eight). Sifré Numbers 115; and elsewhere twist, table-cloth. Bava Bathra 57ᵇ שני שלישי ג׳ … גלוי וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Oxford manuscript (edition גלאי) two thirds of the width of the table covered and one third uncovered for putting on dishes and vegetables. ↗ original
גְּדִילָא Menachoth 39ᵇ top וג׳ מיגדיל and the fringe is twisted (without leaving loose threads). plural fem. גְּדִילָן, see גְּדִילְתָּא. ↗ original
גְּדִילָה 1 (גָדַל 1) growth. דרך ג׳the way a thing grows, in natural position. Niddah 67ᵃ דרך גְּדִילָתָהּ in her natural position (not pressing limbs together). Sukkah 45ᵇ דרך גְּדִילָתָן as the plants grow (not upside down); and elsewhere ↗ original
גְּדִילָה 2 feminine = גָּדִיל 1). Sifré Numbers 115 שתהא ג׳ יוצא וכ׳ the twisted fringe must start from the border, and the loose fringes out of the twist; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 750. ↗ original
גְּדִילוּ (גדל) plaiting, wreathing. Targum Onkelos Exodus 28, 14; and elsewhere (Hebrew text עבת). ↗ original
גְּדִילְתָּא (the preceding) rope, chain, plat of hair, fringe. Targum Isaiah 5, 18.—plural גְּדִילָן, גְּדִילָתָא. Targum Judges 15, 13 and the following Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 22, 12. Targum Onkelos Exodus 28, 4; 24; and elsewhere ↗ original
גְּדִין , see גְּדִי Chaldaic (Aramaic)—[Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 22, 7 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), read אִגְּרִין.] ↗ original
גָּדֵירfence, guard, precaution against trespassing the law. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 1, 21ᵈ מפני גְדֵירָהּ, מפני גְדֵירוֹ in order to guard it against transgressing. Bereshith Rabbah section 79 (גְּדֵרָן) פרצת גְּדֵירָן של וכ׳ thou hast broken down the guard (enactment) which the scholars have erected; and frequently ↗ original
גְּדֵירָא common gender Chaldaic (Aramaic) same, fence, partition. Targum Onkelos Numbers 22, 24; and elsewhere—ג׳ מיצעא דאודנא the central fence of the ear, anti-helix. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 8, 23, and elsewhere (Hebrew text תְּנוּךְ).—Bava Kamma 23ᵇ לגדור מר ג׳ וכ׳ erect you a fence in your field. ↗ original
גְּדֵירָה (the preceding) fence, fortification; in a transferred sense guard, self-restraint. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 12 גְּדֵירַת ערוה moral restraint, see גֶּדֶר.—plural גְּדֵירוֹת. Pesikta Rabbati section 26 saw the Temple (which the angels had set on fire) עשוי לו ג׳ ג׳ של אבנים (Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 300 גזרות של אבנים) surrounded with stone fences (fortified). ↗ original
גְּדִירָה (גדר) cutting dates, date harvest.—plural גְּדִירוֹת. Bava Bathra 36ᵇ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. edition Pesachim גדיד׳), see גָּדַר. ↗ original
גְּדִישׁ (גדש) heaped, liberal measure. Esther Rabbah to 1, 4; see גְּדִיל. ↗ original
גָּדִישׁ 1a heap, especially of sheaves, shock or stack of grain; [in Biblical Hebrew also mound]. Bava Metzia 5, 7 פוסק עמו על הג׳ he may conclude a bargain with him (the early harvester) for the grain in the stack (though no price has been published as yet). Peah 6, 2. Yadayim 4, 7.—plural גְּדִישִׁים, גְּדִישִׁין. Bereshith Rabbah section 51 end. Bava Kamma 60ᵇ. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Shubah p. 164ᵃ ג׳ ג׳ של עבירות heaps of sins; and elsewhere [5. גָּדוּשׁ.] ↗ original
גָּדִישׁ , pile; mound, Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 22, 5. Targum Job 5, 26.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 16, 15ᵈ, end, spread his cloak על ג׳ over a burning stalk.—plural גְּדִישִׁין. Targum Onkelos Exodus 22, 5. Targum Job 21, 32. ↗ original
גַּדֵּישׁ (גְּדַשׁ 2) staff, leader of a blind man. Vayikra Rabbah section 22; Yalkut Shimoni Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 972 והוה ההיא … ג׳ ליה וכ׳ and the seeing man was a leader to the blind man. ↗ original
גָּדַל 1 see גדל 2) to be high, to grow, be large, tall. Shemoth Rabbah section 1 שהיה גָדֵל שלא וכ׳ he was extraordinarily tall for his age. the same place (ibid.) וכי אין הכל גְּדֵילִים do not all children grow?—Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 1, 49ᵃ, see טְפוּס; and frequently Fem. גְּדֵילָה, plural גְּדֵילוֹת. Sukkah 34ᵃ; and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל גִּדֵּל, גִּידֵּלto raise (of live stock and of plants); to rear, train. Kilayim 8, 1 מותרים לגַדֵּל you are permitted to raise. Sanhedrin 19ᵇ מיכל גִּידְּלָה Michal reared (Mirab’s children). the same place (ibid.); Megillah 13ᵃ המְגַדֵּל יתום וכ׳ he who educates an orphan in his house. Bereshith Rabbah section 98 היו … מְגַדְּלִים שער they let their hair grow (in mourning). Eruvin 100ᵇ מְגַדָּלֶת שער she lets her hair grow (does not cut it); and frequently to raise to dignity, make famous; to praise. Horayoth 9ᵃ (referring to Leviticus 21, 10) whence do we know אם אין לו שחייבין לגַדְּלוֹ when he (the Highpriest) is poor, that they (the brethren) are bound to raise him (make him independent)? the same place (ibid.) גַּדְּלֵהוּ משל אחיו raise him by a collection from his brethren (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)). Esther Rabbah to 3, 1 למה גִדְּלוֹ for what purpose did (the Lord) raise him? Yalkut Shimoni Esther 1053 עד היכן גִּידְּלוֹ וכ׳ how high did he raise him? Fifty cubits (to the gallows); and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 3, end, 74ᶜ (referring to הגדול, Nehemiah 8, 6) במה גִידְּלוֹ wherewith did he magnify the Lord (describe His greatness)?; Yoma 69ᵇ ג׳ בשם וכ׳ he praised the Lord by pronouncing the tetragrammaton; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 7, 11ᶜ גודלו (correct accordingly)—participle passive מְגוּדָּלwell grown. Berachoth 11ᵃ; and frequently—Kiddushin 49ᵃ; 49ᵇ, see גַּדֶּלֶת. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִגְדִּילto grow up, to become of age. Yevamoth 10, 9 וּמִשֶּׁהִ׳ and after he is of age. the same place (ibid.) 13, 1 עד שתַּגְדִּיל until she becomes of age; and frequently Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְגַּדֵּל, , Nithpa. נִתְגַּדֵּלto be raised to dignity. Esther Rabbah to 3, 1 יִתְגַּדֵּל ואח"כ יתלה let him first become great and then be hanged. Bereshith Rabbah section 99, end (play on פֹּרָת, Genesis 49, 22) ע"י פָּרוֹת נ׳ by means of cows (Pharaoh’s dream) was he raised to power; and frequently— to be magnified. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 14ᵃ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, 64ᵇ top יִתְגַּדֵּל וכ׳ may Thy Name be glorified, sanctified etc.; and elsewhere to glorify one’s self, to boast, parade. Nedarim 62ᵃ; Avoth 4, 5 אל תעשם עטרה להִתְגַּדֵּל בהם make them (the words of the Law) not a crown to parade therewith. to grow, prosper, be nursed. Tanchuma V’zoth 1; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana the same place (ibid.) p. 199ᵃ הרי … מִתְגַּדֵּל עמו the poison-bearing tree will be nursed along with it (the health-giving tree). Tanchuma Bereshith 7 נִתְגַּדַּלְתָּ וחטאת thou didst grow older and didst sin, opposite תינוק היית; and frequently ↗ original
גְּדַל 1 Kiddushin 71ᵇ ג׳ ולא נסיב was grown up and not yet married. Pa'el פִּעֵל גַּדֵּלto raise, rear. Chagigah 4ᵇ מרים מְגַדְּלָא דרדקי Miryam, the childrens’ nurse. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְגַּדַּלto be exalted. Targum Psalms 104, 1. ↗ original
גָּדַל 2 (see the preceding; compare גדש) [to heap up, round;] to plait, dress the hair. Kelim 16, 7 גּוֹדְלֵי מצנפות capweavers (on a model head, see אִמּוּם). the same place (ibid.) 15, 3 וגוֹדְלוֹת and dress their hair. Shabbath 10, 6 הגּוֹדֶלֶת she who plaits her hair (on the Sabbath). the same place (ibid.) 94ᵇ bottom of the page גודלת משום אורגת plaiting the hair (is forbidden on the Sabbath) as an act of weaving; the same place (ibid.) 95ᵃ (another opinion) ג׳ … משום בונה as an act of building. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 7, 10ᵈ הגודל כלי צורה he who forms raised figures on a vessel. Moed Katan 11ᵃ ג׳ תנור to build a stove. ↗ original
גְּדַל 2 Gittin 69ᵃ ניגדול תרתי וכ׳ let him twine two threads. Moed Katan 11ᵃ למִיגְדַּל אהורי to weave nets; למי׳ תנורא to build a stove, see the precedingPa'el פִּעֵל גַּדֵּלsame. Chagigah 4ᵇ מרים מְגַדְּלָא נשייא Munich manuscript (edition מג׳ שיער נ׳) Miriam the women’s hair-dresser (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note); Sanhedrin 67ᵃ; Shabbath 104ᵇ (missing in later editions). Sukkah 37ᵃ הנהו מְגַדְּלֵי הושענא those twining the willow twigs (see הוֹשַׁעְנָא). ↗ original
גִּדָּלוֹן (גדל) elevation to dignity, rise. Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 777, see גִּידּוּל. ↗ original
גַּדֶּלֶת (גדל 2) hair-dresser. Kelim 15, 3 the sieve-like receptacle של גד׳ (Mishnah edition גּוֹדְלוֹת plural) of the hair-dresser. Kiddushin 2, 3 ע"מ שיש לי בת או שפחה גד׳ וכ׳ (Yerushalmi (prefix) a. Talmud edition 49ᵇ מגודלת, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) מגדלת) under the condition that I shall have a (free) girl or a hand-maid as a hair-dresser, and she has none, or ‘that I shall have none’, and she has. the same place (ibid.) 49ᵃ מי סברת מאי מגודלת גדולה ממש מאי מגודלת גדלת וכ׳ do you think m’guddeleth of the Mishnah means really a well-trained (girl or hand-maid)? It means a hair-dresser, when she may see, I want none to take up my words and carry them to my neighbors. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 62ᶜ bottom of the page כיני מתניתן בת לגוֹדַלְתֵּיךְ ושפחה לשמשותיך the Mishnah means this: a girl for thy hair-dresser (or thy governess), and a hand-maid for thy attendant. Vayikra Rabbah section 19 נפיים לַגַּ׳ וְהַגַּ׳ וכ׳ let us win the favor of the (queen’s) hair-dresser (or governess), and the hair-dresser will win the queen and the queen the king; Bereshith Rabbah section 100. ↗ original
גָּדַם (see גדד I) to lop off, stump.—participle passive גָּדוּם, feminine גְּדוּמָה. Zevachim 62ᵇ אמה ג׳ (Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 4, 41ᶜ bottom of the page גְּמוּדָה) a reduced cubit, see אַמָּה. [Bereshith Rabbah section 12 אמה ג׳, read גְּרוּמָה, see גָּרַם.] Tosefta Bechoroth 5, 4 אצבעותיו גְּדוּמוֹת edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading גרומות) with stump-like fingers. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְגַּדֵּםto be cut off, lopped. Taanith 21ᵃ ידי … יִתְגַּדְּמוּ may my hands … be stumped (through sickness). ↗ original
גְּדָנְפָא (גדף, with inserted נ) rim, enclosure. Targum Onkelos Exodus 25, 25, and elsewhere (edition Berlin edition גְּדֳ׳, Yerushalmi (prefix) גפוף, Hebrew text מסגרת). Targum Ezek. 43, 13; 17 (Hebrew text גבול).—Sukkah 20ᵇ דאית ליה ג׳ (Munich manuscript גדפנא, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גדפא) when the matting has a rim (so as to be used as a receptacle for fruits). Avodah Zarah 76ᵃ; 76ᵇ אהדר ליה ג׳ דלישא made a rim of dough around the kettle.—plural גְּדַנְפִין, גְּדָנְפַיָא. Targum I Kings 7, 28 and the following Targum 2 Kings 16, 17. see גַּדְפָא. ↗ original
גָּדַע see גדד I) to cut, chop, lop off.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 4, end, 7ᵃ חריות שגְּדָעָן וכ׳ twigs which one cut off (trimming the date tree) with the intention of using them for etc. (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 50ᵃ גדר).—participle passive גָּדוּעַ, feminine גְּדוּעָה; plural גְּדוּעִים, גְּדוּעוֹת. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 75, end קרני ישראל ג׳ the horns (power) of Israel are lopped off (checked). Pi'el פִּעֵל גִּידֵּעַ, גִּידַּע . the same place (ibid.); Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 5, end קרנות שג׳ צדיקו וכ׳ the horns which the Righteous One of the world (the Lord) has lopped. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִגְדָּעto be lopped, diminished. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 7 נ׳ גובה וכ׳ (variant reading נגרע, see גרע) Adam’s high stature was reduced. [5. גָּוַע.] ↗ original
גְּדַע *Targum 2 Samuel 10, 4 (edition Lagarde edition גרע). Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְגַּדַּעto be cut, mutilated. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 12, 12; Numbers 33, 4. ↗ original
גָּדַף compare the preceding) to cut, scrape. participle passive גָּדוּף, plural גְּדוּפִין. Pesachim 42ᵃ מים הג׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see גָּרַף.—מיתה גְדוּפָה, see below. Pi'el פִּעֵל גִּדֵּף, גִּידֵּףto hollow out, scrape or chisel so as to form an enclosure or rim (compare גדפא, גדנפא).). to scrape, to empty to the dregs. Kerith. 7ᵇ (explain. מגדף, Numbers 15, 30, as a metaphor) as one says to his neighbor גִּדַּפְתָּ את הקערה וחיסרת Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition גֵירַ׳; Sifré Numbers 112 גֵרַרְתָּה מן וכ׳) thou hast scraped out the dish and lessened the thickness of the vessel (i.e. besides worshipping the forces of Nature to impair, so to speak, the supremacy of the Creator); he who thus explains, is of the opinion that מגדף means blaspheming the Divine Name; ג׳ הקערה ולא וכ׳ thou hast scraped the dish clean but not impaired it (i.e. to worship natural forces without denying the Divine supremacy); he who thus explains, is of the opinion that מגדף is a worshipper of idols; [Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 7, 25ᵇ top גיר׳ את כל וכ׳ thou hast emptied the whole dish and left nothing in it, i.e. thou hast erased the entire Law; Sifré the passage cited גררתה וכ׳].—Transferred (compare ארר, קלל, נקב) to blaspheme (God); to revile, reproach. Kerith. 1, 2 אף המְגַדֵּף the blasphemer is also excluded from the rule (and has not to offer a sacrifice in the case of sinning through ignorance); explained the same place (ibid.) 7ᵇ,Kerith. 1, 2 אף המְגַדֵּף the blasphemer is also excluded from the rule (and has not to offer a sacrifice in the case of sinning through ignorance); explained the same place (ibid.) 7ᵇ, see above. Sanhedrin 7, 5; and frequently—Bamidbar Rabbah section 10 לפי שהיה מחרפם ומְגַדְּפָם בנחיצה לכן מת מיתה גְדוּפָה וכ׳ because be (Sisera) disgraced and reviled them (the Israelites) with oppressive measures, therefore he died an ignominious death, for (the Lord) delivered him into the hands of a woman; and frequently ↗ original
גְּדַףPa'elגַּדֵּיףsame, to blaspheme. Targum I Kings 21, 13; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 83ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 7, 25ᵇ top of the page (with ב) to sneer at. Sanhedrin 40ᵇ; Avodah Zarah 35ᵃ … מְגַדֵּף בה ר׳ R. … sneered at the opinion. ↗ original
גַּדְפָא (see גָּדַף) Pi'el hollowed out, whence rim, border. Sukkah 20ᵇ; Avodah Zarah 76ᵃ; 76ᵇ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see גְּדָנְפָא. (compare כָּנָף) wing. Targum Job 39, 13. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 4, 17 (edition Berlin edition גַּפָּא, see Berlin edition Targum Onkelos 2, p. 50); and elsewhere—Bava Bathra 73ᵇ דלי ג׳ (Rashbam דליא לי גדנפא, Oxford manuscript גפא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 40) lifted (towards me) a wing.—Transferred bird; feather, plumage. Kethuboth 105ᵇ פרח ג׳ וכ׳ a bird flew on his head. Gittin 86ᵃ בג׳ דאווזא with a goose feather; Avodah Zarah 28ᵃ. Chullin 46ᵇ we put on it ג׳ או רוקא a feather or some spittle.—plural גַּדְפִין, גַּדְפֵי (גִּי׳). Targum Job 38, 13 borders of the earth. Targum Exodus 37, 9. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 1, 21; and elsewhere—Bava Bathra the passage cited דשמטי גַדְפַיְיהוּ וכ׳ whose feathers fell out on account of their fatness. Chullin 31ᵃ we see גידפי דמיפרמי that the rims of the cut throat stand apart (Rashi: that the plumage of the throat is cut through). ↗ original
גַּדְּפָן (גדף) blasphemer.—plural גַּדְּפָנִין, גֹּודְ׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 83ᵇ משרבו הגד׳ וכ׳ since the (gentile) blasphemers (of the Lord) became too numerous, they (the Israelites) ceased to rend their garments (on hearing blasphemy); Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 7, 25ᵇ top הגי׳ (correct accordingly).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 7, 44ᶜ top; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 4 על הגו׳ (Vayikra Rabbah section 10 על המְגַדְּפִים) atones for the blasphemers. ↗ original
גָּדַר see גדד I) to cut, especially to harvest dates. Bava Metzia 89ᵇ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גדד, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 300). Bava Bathra 36ᵇ עד שיגדור ג׳ גדירות until he has reaped three date harvests.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 9ᶜ top; Babylonian Shabbath 73ᵇ (terms equivalent to קוצר); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 10ᵃ edition Krot. הגורד (correct accordingly).—Shabbath 50ᵃ; 125ᵇ חריות … שגְּדָרָן לעצים twigs of a date tree which one cut with the intention of using them for fuel; see גָּדַע.—Tosefta Berachoth 4, 21; and frequently—*participle passive גָּדוּרcut down. Tosefta Shevi'ith 4, 13 כרם ג׳ בציפורי (variant reading גדול; Rabbenu Shimshon to Shevi'ith 6, 4 גריד) a ruined vineyard in Zepphoris. to surround with aגֶּדֶר, fence in; to limit, control, ward off. Bava Kamma 23ᵃ שהיה לו לגוֹדְרָהּ ולא גְדָרָהּ he ought to have fenced it in and did not do so. Tosefta Moed Katan 1, 7 חומת … גֹּודְרִין אותה if a city wall is broken into, we may fence it in (repair it, during the festive week).—Bereshith Rabbah section 49 (play on haaf, Genesis 18, 23) אתה גוֹדֵר את האף והאף לא יִגְדָּרְךָ Thou controllest the anger, but the anger does not control Thee.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, end, 14ᶜ וגוֹדְרָהּ, see זָקֵן I.—Mikvaoth 5, 6 גודר כלים one may form a dam with garments (Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4, 10 גרר, correct accordingly). Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 3, 6ᶜ דבר שהוא גוֹדֵר את ישראל מן וכ׳ a custom which guards Israel from sin. Vayikra Rabbah section 24 מי שהוא גודר עצמו וכ׳ (Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 2, 3ᵈ top פורש) he who guards himself against sin (restraining himself from anything unchaste) is called holy. Bereshith Rabbah section 70 גָּדְרוּ עצמן וכ׳ trained themselves to chastity; and frequently—participle pass. גָּדוּרabstinent, chaste. Vayikra Rabbah section 22 ומעצמו הוא ג׳ and he will become abstinent of his own accord. Bereshith Rabbah the passage cited אנשי מזרח גְּדוּרִים וכ׳ the people of the East are chaste; and frequently—ג׳ פרצה (or supply (understood word) פרצה) to fence in a breach, to remedy calamities, also to check lawlessness by preventive measures (see גְּזֵרָה). Berachoth 19ᵃ שתִּגְדֹּור וכ׳ that Thou repair our breaches (relieve us); Bava Bathra 91ᵇ.—Vayikra Rabbah section 1 (play on Abigdor I Chronicles 4, הרבה גוֹדְרִין וכ׳ Israel had many fencemakers (guardians against sin). Ruth. R. section 2, and frequently—Eruvin 6ᵃ, and elsewhere ג׳ בה גדר, see בִּקְעָה.—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 10, 26ᵇ bottom of the page דלת גודרת וכ׳; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 11 (7), 18 גוררת edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.), variant reading גוד׳, see גָּרַר.]—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 15, 15ᵇ top וגדרתא, read וּגְדָרַתָּהּ.] Nif'al נִפְעַל נִגְדָּרto be guarded; to guard one’s self. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 17, beginning 16ᵃ כיון שנִגְדְּרוּ (the same place (ibid.) 3, 6ᵃ top שנִתְגַּדְּרוּ) when they had been trained (to guard against desecrating the Sabbath). Vayikra Rabbah section 32 נ׳ כל הנשים וכ׳ all women were made chaste through her meritorious example; and elsewhere Pi'el פִּעֵל גִּידֵּרto cut into. Gittin 56ᵇ; Vayikra Rabbah section 20; 22; Bamidbar Rabbah section 18 וגִידּ׳ את הפרוכת and cut into the curtain (Koheleth Rabbah to 5, 8; Tanchuma Chukkath 1 וגָד׳). [Tosefta Shevi'ith 3, 20 מְגַדֵּר בחורשין variant reading (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) מברך) to cut into, to clear thickets, see בהה.] Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְגַּדֵּר [ [to cut one’sself off from others,] to distinguish one’s self, to excel; to raise one’s self above others, to arrogate power, be presumptuous. Berachoth 17ᵃ כשם שהוא אינו מִתְגַּדֵּר וכ׳ as he cannot excel in my work (study), so can I not in his (field labor). Chullin 7ᵃ my predecessors have left room for me להִתְגַּדֵּר בו to distinguish myself; Yoma 78ᵃ; (Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 2, 22ᶜ bottom of the page עטרה להתעטר, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) להתגדר).—Nedarim 81ᵃ כדי שלא יִתְגַּדְּרוּ על וכ׳ in order that they may not be presumptuous towards the people; see גָּבַר Hithpa'el [Mechilta Beshallach, Vayassa 1 כבן שמתגדר וכ׳, see גָּרַר 2.] to be trained, see above Nif'al ↗ original
גְּדַרto fence in; to check. Bava Kamma 23ᵇ, see גְּדֵירָא. Yevamoth 90ᵇ מִיגְדַּר מילתא שאני a measure to check something (an extraordinary measure for checking lawlessnes) is something different, allows of no analogies.— to cut off, deduct. Esther Rabbah to 1, 4 גַּדְרָאנֵיה מן פורני I will deduct it from my dowry. [the same place (ibid.) to 1, 9 אנא מגדיר, see גְּרַר.] ↗ original
גֶּדֶר 1 (see גָּדֵיר) fence, partition. Peah 2, 3. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 16ᵈ ג׳ מחובר a hedge, see חָבַר. Bava Kamma 23ᵃ [read:] ונפל הג׳ (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) and the partition wall fell in; and very frequently—Transferred guard against trespassing the law, restraint, preventive measure (see גְּזֵרָה). Tosefta Shevi'ith 3, 13 לא גזרו אלא ג׳ שיכול לעמוד they (the scholars) erect only such a fence as can stand, i.e. enact only practicable measures (see גָּזַר). Sanhedrin 21ᵃ ג׳ גדול גָּדְרָה וכ׳ Tamar erected a great guard at the time (became a warning to girls). Vayikra Rabbah section 26 the serpent פרץ גִּדְרוֹ של עולם made a breach in the fence of the world (opened the way to lawlessness). Vayikra Rabbah section 24, and frequently ג׳ ערוה guard against immorality, chastity, see גָּדַר; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 1, 27ᶜ bottom of the page ויש ג׳ לג׳ can a preventive rabbinical law (גְּזֵרָה) be enacted as a guard for another preventive law?—plural גְּדֵרוֹת. Vayikra Rabbah section 24; and elsewhere, see גָּדֵיר. ↗ original
גֶּדֶר 2Geder (Gadara), capital of Peraea, see גְּדוֹר. Pesikta Rabbati section 21 (p. 107ᵃ edition Friedman) מן הגודר (read גדור or גדר), see גַּיּוּס; the same place (ibid.) (p. 108ᵃ) מן הג׳.—Rosh Hashanah 23ᵇ, see גְּדוֹר. Esther Rabbah to 1, 3, see אַרְכִיּוֹן.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 3, 64ᵈ top חמתא דג׳ Ḥamtha (Hot Springs) near G.—Shabbath 109ᵃ מי ג׳ springs of G.—Eruvin 61ᵃ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 6 (5), 13 שיהו בני ג׳ יומין וכ׳ that the inhabitants of G. were permitted to go down to Ḥamtha (on the Sabbath), but etc., see טַטְּרֵג. ↗ original
גָּדֵשׁGadesh, in Gilead. Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 30; 32 (explained הגלעדה 2 Samuel 24, 6). ↗ original
גָּדַשׁto heap up, to put up stacks of grain. Pesachim 56ᵃ; Menachoth 71ᵃ גּוֹדְשִׁין לפני העומר they put the stacks of grain up before offering the Omer (see עוֹמֶר); Tosefta Pesachim 2 (3), 19 (correct accordingly). Tosefta Bava Kamma 6, 24 השאילו לִגְדּוֹשׁ … וגָ׳ וכ׳ if he lent him a spot to pile wheat on it, and he piled barley; and frequently—2) to give heaped measure, opposite מחק to strike. Bava Bathra 5, 11 where the usage is למחוק לא יִגְדּוֹש וכ׳ to strike grain, one must not heap (even for special remuneration) etc.; and frequently—participle passive גָּדוּשׁ, feminine גְּדוּשָׁה, brimful, overflowing, heaped. Tamid 5, 4. Yoma 48ᵃ גְּדוּשׁוֹת, see טָפַף I. Bereshith Rabbah section 22 חטאו … ג׳ ומְגוּדָּשׁ the measure of thy sin is heaped to excess.—Shabbath 153ᵇ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 17; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 3ᶜ (את ה)סאה בו ביום גָּדְשׁוּ on that day (of rabbinical enactments) they overfilled the measure (of laws). Nif'al נִפְעַל נִגְדַּשׁto be heaped up, to tower up. Menachoth 9, 5 היו נִגְדָּשׁוֹת were heaped, see גּוֹדֶשׁ. Sotah 34ᵃ the waters נִגִדָּשִׁין ועולין rose more and more. Pi'el פִּעֵל גִּידֵּשׁsame. participle passive מְגוּדָּשׁ, see above. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִגְדִּישׁto pile up stacks. Bava Kamma 6, 3. ↗ original
גְּדַשׁ 2 , Pa'elגַּדַּשׁ (compare נְגַד 3 a. נָגִיד) to lead a blind man. Vayikra Rabbah section 22; Koheleth Rabbah to 5, 8; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 972; see גַּדֵּישׁ. ↗ original
גָּהָה (for dialect. change of ה a. ח, compare גבח a. גבה) to swell, bulge; to hang over (compare בָּעַט I). Moed Katan 7ᵃ כותל הגּוֹהֶה וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition ח) a wall inclining towards the public road; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 7 גּוֹאֶה edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading גוהה); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 80ᶜ bottom of the page; and elsewhere—Sukkah 45ᵃ כדי שיהו גוׄהוׄת על וכ׳ (edition גוחות, Munich manuscript גבוהות) that the willows might overtop the altar one cubit. [Cmp. Psalms 22, 7 גֹּחִי bending over me, protecting.] ↗ original
גְּהַט (compare גהץ) to polish over, erase. participle Peïl גְּהִיט, גְּחִיטerased. Berachoth 56ᵃ ו"ו דפטר חמור ג׳ וכ׳ (for right version see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) the Vav in Peter Ḥămor (Exodus 13, 13) of thy T’fillin is erased (had by mistake been written and its erasure could be noticed). ↗ original
גָּהַץ (compare גהט) to be bright, glad, willing. Bereshith Rabbah section 39 [combine text of edition with version of Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) and read:] וא"ת שלא ג׳ אברהם ושמח על דבור המקום שאילו ג׳ ושמח למה לא יצא and if you will say, Abraham was not glad and joyful over the command of the Lord (to leave his home), for if he were so, why did he not emigrate (until he was commanded)? Pi'el פִּעֵל גִּיהֵץ,Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִגְהִיץto polish (clothes), iron, gloss. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 11 the cloud rubbed their clothes ומַגְהִיצָן and polished them; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 23 ומְגַהֲצָן; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 850; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 691 ענני כביד היו מְגַהֲצִין וכ׳; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Beshallach p. 92ᵃ מַגְהִיצִים וכ׳; (Devarim Rabbah section 7 ומלבנן). the same place (ibid.) אין מג׳ אלא באור, (see אַמְיַינְטוֹן) is cleansed only by fire.—participle Pu. מְגיּהָץ, plural מְגוּהָצִין. Pesachim 109ᵃ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 82ᵃ bottom of the page Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְגָּהֵץto be polished. Shir HaShirim Rabbah the passage cited, a. parallel, passages, see above. ↗ original
גָּהַק , Pi'elגִּיהֵק (onomatopoetic) to belch. Berachoth 24ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) 24ᵇ מְגַהֵק. ↗ original
גֵּוbelly, body; preposition within, among. Kethuboth 15ᵃ; Bava Kamma 44ᵇ, and elsewhere זורק אבן לגו one who throws a stone into (a crowd); Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 921 לגוי (correct accordingly). Kethuboth 111ᵃ; Kiddushin 44ᵇ דברים בגו there is something in it, see גַּב end. ↗ original
גֵּו ² (= Hebrew קֶרֶב) belly; innermost. Targum Exodus 29, 13; and elsewhere Targum Proverbs 26, 24. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 3, 16 (Hebrew text תּוֹךְ); and frequently—Shabbath 152ᵇ לגַוֵּיה דביתא (insert וליזול) and go home. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 8 like the hen דמנערא גפה מגווא קטמא (read מִגּוֹא) that shakes her wings off (rising) from between the ashes (Bereshith Rabbah section 75 beginning מן קיטמא). Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 7 יומא דהוה קאים בגַוֵּיה the day on which he stood, i.e. that every day; and frequently—plural גַּוַּיָּא. Targum Proverbs 20, 27 (edition Lagarde edition גַּוַּיָּיה). (with or without ב) among, amid; in, into. Targum Exodus 14, 22; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 8, 20ᵈ bottom of the page מן גּוֹא לפסא out of the pot. Chullin 41ᵃ אית ליה שותפות בגַוָּהּ he owns a share in it. the same place (ibid.) 48ᵇ קופא לגֵיו if the head of the pin is towards the inside. Vayikra Rabbah section 12 את מפני מלגאו … מלבר pour thou out from inside (the hole), and I shall drink from outside. Bava Metzia 53ᵇ and the following, see בַּר I Chaldaic (Aramaic) a. חוּמְשָׁא.—Pesachim 110ᵇ אתית לגו, אתית לגאו I have come among (you). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, 35ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᶜ bottom of the page גוא ארעא וכ׳ in a unclean land. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth the passage citedᵃ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim the passage citedᵇ bottom of the page (גובני) גו בני in the bath-house. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 9, 41ᵇ bottom of the page גו שמשא in the sun (in sunlight); and very frequently—מן גו, מִגּוֹ, מִיגּוֹbecause, in consequence of. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, 65ᵇ, see בּוּךְ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 3ᵇ top מן גו דאינון ציבחר because they are brief.—Bava Metzia 39ᵇ מיגו דמוקמינן וכ׳ since we have to appoint a guardian for etc. the same place (ibid.) 5ᵇ, and frequently מ׳ דחשיד אממונא וכ׳ since he is suspected of wrong-doing in money matters, he is also suspected of swearing falsely; and frequently—Hence מִיגּוֹ, מִגּוֹMiggo, 1) (= Hebrew מִתּוֹךְ, Shevuoth 45ᵇ, and מֵאַחַר, see אַחַר) a legal rule according to which a deponent’s statement is accepted as true on the ground that, if he had intended to tell a lie, he might have invented one more advantageous to his case (compare Bava Bathra 31ᵃ מה לו לשקר אי בעי וכ׳ why should he lie? If he wanted to lie, he might have said etc.). Kethuboth 16ᵃ התם מאי מ׳ איכא what miggo is there in that case, i.e. what choice did she have in inventing a statement, if she intended to tell a lie? the same place (ibid.) מכדי האי מ׳ והאי מ׳ וכ׳ since in this case there is the legal presumption of a miggo, and so is in the other, what is the difference between the one miggo and the other?; and frequently—2) (compare אַגַּב) an action declared valid because one part of it was indisputably legitimate, or because the legal status required for its legitimacy might easily have been obtained. Bava Metzia 9ᵇ מ׳ דאי בעי מפקר וכ׳ since, if he wanted, he might have declared his possession public property, in which case he would have obtained the legal status of poverty entitling him to the corner of the field (פֵּאָה), and since (if he had resigned his property) he would have been entitled to take possession of the corner for himself, he has a right also to take possession of it in behalf of his neighbor. the same place (ibid.) תרי מ׳ לא אמרינן two miggos cannot be accepted, i.e. two conditions required to make an action legitimate cannot be dispensed with. the same place (ibid.) 8ᵃ. Nedarim 88ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original
גַּוָּאָה (the preceding) inner, inside (adjective a. adverb) Targum I Kings 6, 27; and elsewhere—Zevachim 15ᵃ דקאי ג׳ stands inside. the same place (ibid.) לג׳, see בְּרָאִי. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 8, 11ᵃ top בהין גיויא of the inside (reed), opposite בראה.—plural גַּוָּואִין, גַּוָּואֵי. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 6, 4.—Chullin 47ᵃ bottom of the page מג׳ from the inner lungs (lower part), opposite אַגַּבָּא. Bava Bathra 29ᵇ שכוני ג׳ the interior compartments. Chagigah 5ᵇ בתי ג׳ the inner chambers of the heavens; and frequently—Fem. גַּוַּיְתָא. Targum Ezek. 40, 27; and elsewhere—plural גַּוְיָאתָא. Eruvin 25ᵇ גודא ג׳ (read גודי, Munich manuscript גודי גואי) inner partitions. ↗ original
גּוֹאֵלvindicator, redeemer, relative entitled to redemption (Leviticus 25, 25 and the following); in general relation.—ג׳ הדם avenger of blood, nearest relation (Numbers 35, 19 and the following). Makkoth 2, 7. the same place (ibid.) 12ᵃ [read:] אב שהרג בנו בנו נעש׳ לו ג׳ הדם when a father killed a son of his, his (surviving) son becomes the avenger of blood. Tanchuma Masé 11 וימצא אותו הג׳ and the avenger may meet him; Bamidbar Rabbah section 23 ג׳ הדם. Makkoth 10ᵃ (referring to Deuteronomy 19, 6) בג׳ הדם הכתוב וכ׳ the text means the avenger (is not punished); and frequently—plural גּוֹאֲלִים, גּוֹאֲלִין. Bava Kamma 109ᵃ; Kiddushin 21ᵃ (referring to Numbers 5, 8) וכי יש אדם שאין לו ג׳ is there a person … without relations (heirs)?; Sanhedrin 68ᵇ גואל. Bava Kamma the passage citedᵇ; Sanhedrin 69ᵃ בידוע שאין לו ג׳ it is known that the minor has no heirs (offspring); and frequently—Esp. the redeemer from captivity, also the Lord. Vayikra Rabbah section 32 end; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 7; Koheleth Rabbah to 4, 1 (referring to וגֻלָּהּ, Zechariah 4, 2) one reads גּוֹלֶה (He emigrates), and one reads גּוֹאֲלָהּ (not גאולה) her Redeemer (goes at the head of Israel). the same place (ibid.) מאן דאמר גואלה פרוקא (not גאולה) he who reads גואלה means ‘the Redeemer’ as it says (Isaiah 47, 4), Our redeemer etc.—Pesikta d'Rav Kahana S’liḥ. p. 166ᵇ אין … אלא בג׳ מלא they will be redeemed only through a complete redeemer (referring to גואל Isaiah 59, 20 written plene). Shemoth Rabbah section 26 beginning; and frequently—plural as above. Bereshith Rabbah section 85; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 145 מהיכן ג׳ עומדים (not גדולים) whence will the redeemers rise (if not from Judah)? the same place (ibid.) ג׳ אני מעוברת I am going pregnant with redeemers (of Israel). ↗ original
גּוּאַלְקָא (Arab. ḡuwâliḳ, Pers. ḡawâlakh = hippopera, Freytag under the word) long pouch as a receptacle for grain, thrown over the shoulders or across an animal’s back, haversack. Taanith 23ᵇ הבו לי גוּאַלְקִי וכ׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) … קא; Munich manuscript 2 שקיל גולקא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 200) get me my haversack, and I shall go and buy etc.—plural גּוֹאַלְקָאן, גּוֹאַלְקֵי. Targum Lamentations 5, 5.—Shabbath 154ᵇ, see חֶבֶר (where variant reading lect. are quoted). Sukkah 20ᵇ חזו לגואלקי Munich manuscript (edition לגולקי) are fit for haversacks. ↗ original
גּוֹב (גבב, compare גֶּבֶא) pit; ג׳ אריות lions’den. Shemoth Rabbah section 18, end הציל לדניאל מג׳ א׳ He rescued Daniel from the lions’ den. Devarim Rabbah section 2; and elsewhere ↗ original
גּוֹב ²same. Daniel 6, 8; 13; 17 and the following—Targum Exodus 21, 33 and the following (some edition גּוֹבָא); Targum Psalms 44, 26 (edition Vienna edition גּוּבָא); and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 4, 44ᵃ bottom of the page נפל לג׳ fell into a wine pit, see זְחַל.—plural גּוּבִּין, גּוּבַּיָּא, גּוּבֵּי, גוֹב׳. Targum Jeremiah 2, 13. Targum Genesis 37, 20 edition Berlin edition גּוּבַּ׳ (Yerushalmi (prefix) גּוֹבַ׳). (compare גַּב, גַּבָּא) body, trunk, untrimmed log.—plural גּוּבֵּי or גּוֹבֵי. Bava Kamma 96ᵃ ג׳ דדיקלא logs of a date-tree. the same place (ibid.) ג׳ ועבדינהו וכ׳, see כָּשׁוֹרָא. Shabbath 109ᵇ the swallowed serpent came out of his body ג׳ ג׳ in single trunks (sections of the body). Moed Katan 24ᵃ ג׳ דדיקנא chin, see גַּב (Rashi: the dimples of the chin). back, top. Targum Proverbs 9, 3 manuscript על ג׳ (compare על גַּב; edition גִּיב, Hebrew text גַּפֵּי). *preposition (compare גַּבֵּי־ under the word גַּב) מן גובי־out of. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 2, 35ᵃ ומן גוביהן עבד וכ׳ and out of these (seventeen years) he spent thirteen years suffering with tooth-ache; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᵇ ומן גובעין (correct accordingly). ↗ original
גּוֹבָאlocust, see גּוֹבַאי. Targum Exodus 10, 4; and frequently—*plural גּוֹבַיָּיא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 23, 2 edition pr. a. edition Venice (later edition גובריאgiants, Anak and his three sons, see Bereshith Rabbah section 58; Hebrew text ארבע). ↗ original
גּוֹבַאי [the hump-backed,] gobay, a species of edible locusts. Berachoth 6, 3. Shabbath 32ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, end, 64ᵈ שני דברים … וג׳ two calamities, drought and locusts. the same place (ibid.) 3, 66ᵈ (homiletic etymology) why is it called גוביי? דו גבי דינא וכ׳ because it collects the (fines of) judgment of the Lord. ↗ original
גּוֹבָאִי Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 28, 38. Targum Psalms 105, 34. Amos 7, 1; and elsewhere (mostly גּוֹבָא; variant reading גּוֹבַאי, גּוֹבַי). ↗ original
גּוֹבְבָתָא (גבב) hills, especially Gob’batha, near Sepphoris. Bereshith Rabbah section 98 (referring to גת החפר, I Kings 14, 25) אילין ג׳ דציפורין that is G. near Sepph. Koheleth Rabbah to 9, 10 the lamentations over the death of Rabbi at Sepph. were heard עד גובבתה וכ׳ (some edition גובתתה, גובח׳, correct accordingly) as far as Gob., a distance of three mil; the same place (ibid.) to 7, 11 גופתתא; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 5, 32ᵇ top לגו פפתה (combine in one word); Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, 35ᵃ top לגו פתתה (correct accordingly). [Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 7, end, 25ᵈ גופתא דציפורין; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 3, 6ᵃ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 7, 56ᵃ top גופנא דציפ׳ (correct accordingly). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 7, 50ᶜ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 2, 53ᵃ top גופתא—probably the same as גובב׳.] 5. גּוּבְתָּא. ↗ original
גּוֹבַהּheight, elevation; thick, fleshy part (compare גַּב). Middoth 4, 1 גָּבְהוֹ the same place (ibid.) 6. גּוֹבְהוֹ; and frequently—Menachoth 37ᵇ ג׳ שביד the thickest part of the upper arm (קיבורת); ג׳ שבראש the highest point of the forehead. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 8, 9ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 19, end, 17ᵇ; Babylonian Shabbath 137ᵇ גּוֹבְהָהּ של עטרה the thickest part of the apex. ↗ original
גּוֹבְהָא Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 13, 9 (corresp. to Menachoth 37ᵇ, see the preceding). Targum Job 5, 7 (some edition גובאה, correct accordingly). ↗ original
גּוֹבַיָּאGobaya, a Babylonian place or district, (see Graetz, Koenigr. Messene, in programme of the Rabbin. Semin., Breslau 1879). Kiddushin 72ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 1, 3ᵇ top; גווכייא (correct accordingly); Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 4, 65ᵈ top גַבְבַיָּא.—Denom. plural גּוֹבָאֵי. Kiddushin 70ᵇ (phonetic play) ג׳ גבעונאי Gobeans are legally considered like Gibeonites (see גִּבְעוֹנִי); Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth the passage cited גווכאי (correct accordingly); Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin the passage cited גַּבְבָאֵי, גַּבְבָיֵי. Berachoth 17ᵇ ג׳ טפשאי foolish Gobeans. ↗ original
גּוֹבַיְינָא = Hebrew גִּיבּוּי, collection. Yevamoth 66ᵇ, and elsewhere מחוסר ג׳ wanting collection (not yet collected). Bava Metzia 110ᵇ landed property כיון דלג׳ קיימא וכ׳ because it is ready to be collected from, (is seizable for debts and cannot be hidden), is considered as if collected. ↗ original
גּוֹבֶל (גבל, see גְּבוּל) border of the field, balk, ridge. Kilayim 3, 1 and the following Munich manuscript (edition גבול). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 28ᶜ (Rabbenu Shimshon to Kilayim 3, 1, reads: גבול).—plural גּוֹבְלִין. the same place (ibid.) ↗ original
גּוּבְלָא (גבל; see גְּבִיל) a thick dough-like mass. Berachoth 38ᵃ ג׳ בעלמא הוא it is a mere thick mass (no bread). ↗ original
גּוּבְלָאֵי (see גַּבְלָא) of Gabla, Idumeans. Targum Psalms 83, 8 edition (variant reading גּוּבְנָאֵי, manuscript גִּיבְלֵי). ↗ original
גובעין , Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᵇ, see גּוֹב Chaldaic (Aramaic), end. ↗ original
גּוּבְרָא = גַּבְרָא, man, husband. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 5, 11.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, 64ᵇ bottom of the page; and frequently—plural גּוּבְרִין, גּוּבְרַיָּא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 1, 13; and elsewhere—Sanhedrin 65ᵇ מה גבר מגו׳ what is the difference between man and men (you and common people). Berachoth 31ᵇ גברא בגו׳ a man among men (a distinguished man). Gittin 45ᵃ עדי ג׳ וכ׳ these (our captors) are men and those (our husbands) in Nehardea are men (Rashi: our masters, husbands), and frequently strength, skill. Niddah 25ᵇ; 64ᵇ דרב גּוּבְרֵיה because his skill (physiological knowledge) was great. ↗ original
גּוּבְשָׁא (גבש) hill, mound.—plural גּוּבְשָׁתָא. Targum Zephaniah, Book of 1, 10 Kimḥi (edition גִּבְעָתָא). ↗ original
גּוּבְתָּא (see גּוֹבְבָתָא) hill (or pit), especially Gubta, Gabta, name of several places, as ג׳ דאריח, see אֲרִיחַ; גּוֹבַת שמאי, see סִימַאי etc. ↗ original
גּוּבְתָא (compare גֵּב) little reservoir, whence tube, channel. Targum 2 Esther 1, 3 ג׳ דכוחלא the tube containing the eye-paint; Berachoth 18ᵇ גּוּבְתָאִי דכ׳ my tube etc.—Shabbath 90ᵇ רמי ליה בג׳ דנחשא one puts it into a bronze tube. the same place (ibid.) 146ᵇ ג׳ to insert a tube into the barrel. Chullin 58ᵇ ההיא ג׳ וכ׳ a channel was discovered forming the passage from the second stomach etc. Yevamoth 75ᵇ ג׳ דשכבת זרע the channel for the effusion of semen. ↗ original
גּוּך (sec. root or radix of (sec. root or radix of אָגַד I) to bind; denominative גִּיד.—[Polel גּוֹדֵד, frequently which גְּדוּד.] (denominative of גדוד) to form a faction; (Biblical Hebrew to attack in small bands). Yevamoth 13ᵇ (referring to Deuteronomy 14, 1, see גָּדַד I) if lo tithgod’du were meant only in the one sense of ‘ye shall form no factions’, it would have read לֹא תָגוּדוּ. Hithpol. הִתְגּוֹדֵדto form bands, factions. the same place (ibid.) 14ᵃ כי אמרינן לא תתגודדו the law against factions applies only to etc.—Sifré Deuteronomy 96; [Psikta Zutrathi, ed. Buber R’eh (p. 43) מלשון גדוד]. ↗ original
*גּוֹד (נגד) [stretched,] leather bag for wine, milk etc.; which travellers at night stretch like a tent in order to let the cool air strike it, large leather bottle. Shabbath 138ᵃ הג׳ … לא יעשה (Munich manuscript הנוד a. O., see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) one must not stretch the bag etc. on the Sabbath. the same place (ibid.)ᵇ, see כֶּסֶךְ. ↗ original
*גּוֹדָא Sukkah 48ᵇ out of this man’s (thy) skin משוינן ליה ג׳ (Munich manuscript 2 נודא) we shall make a bottle. ↗ original
גּוּדָּא 1 (גְּדַד) partition, wall. Targum Psalms 62, 4 (edition Vienna edition גּוּדָא; manuscript גודרא, Hebrew text גדר). Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 10, 8 ג׳ דעלמא the world’s fence (morality).—Bava Bathra 2ᵃ (explain. מתיצה, Mishnah the same place (ibid.) 1, 1) it means ג׳ wall (not פלוגתא division). the same place (ibid.) 36ᵃ מג׳ דערודי ולבר the land outside the fence which is erected to protect the fields from beasts. Shabbath 110ᵇ בין תנורא לג׳ between the stove and the wall. Taanith 21ᵃ ג׳ רעיעא (Munich manuscript; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 897 אשיתא) a ruinous wall. Koheleth Rabbah to 10, 7 טריף רישיה אג׳ he knocked his head against the wall. Bava Kamma 92ᵇ (proverb) קרית חברך … רמי ג׳ רבה שדי ביה (Munich manuscript דחי גידא רבא וכ׳, Manuscript Rome a. Yalkut Shimoni Ezekiel 364 דחי ג׳ רמי שדי עילויה) when thou hast called thy neighbor (cautioning him), and he would not answer, push down a big wall and throw it at him (he deserves to suffer).—plural with suff. גּוּדָּהָא. Targum Psalms 80, 13 (edition Vienna edition גּוּדְרָהָא, manuscript גדירהא, Hebrew text גְּדֵרֶיהָ). (compare גִּידּוּד) banks. Taanith 24ᵇ; Yoma 77ᵇ ג׳ דנהר וכ׳ the hanks of etc. *Gittin 73ᵃ אַגּוּדָּא דנהר וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אגידא, see next word) on the banks of etc. ↗ original
גּוּדָא (גּוּד) junction, joined boards. Chagigah 15ᵃ כי גו׳ דגמלא (Munich manuscript 2 כגידא) as the boards of a landing bridge are placed side by side (leaving small slits). Sanhedrin 7ᵃ דמי לגו׳ דגמלא וכ׳ (Munich manuscript לגי׳, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) like the junction of a landing bridge (which is at first shaky, but,) once put up, grows firmer.—*Gittin 73ᵃ bought poppy seed, אגידא דנהר וכ׳ deliverable at the landing of etc.; see the preceding—Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᵈ top גו׳ דרצועתא the seam of the straps (of the phylacteries). 5. גִּידָא. ↗ original
גּוּדָּא 2Gudda. Avodah Zarah 32ᵃ (Munich manuscript גּוּרָא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). ↗ original
גּוֹדֶלgreatness. Eruvin 21ᵇ כבודי וגוֹדְלִי, my glory and my greatness.—Shemoth Rabbah section 29; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 2 גָּדְלוֹ His greatness.—the same place (ibid.) to 2, 4; Bamidbar Rabbah section 2 (play on ודגלו, Song of Songs the passage cited) וגוֹדְלוֹ עלי אהבה even his (the child’s) elevating himself over Me (by putting his finger on the Divine Name) is (a token of) love; (Tanchuma B’midb. 10 ודגלו; edition Buber edition the same place (ibid.) note וגִידּוּלוֹ Manuscript Rome). pile.—plural גּוֹדְלִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 2, beginning 8ᵇ עשויין ג׳ (coins found) piled up (assorted according to their sizes, pyramid-like; Babylonian Bava Metzia 25ᵃ כמִגְדָּלִין). ↗ original
גּוּדָל (גדל, see אֲגוּדָל) thumb, great toe. [Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 4 גוּדְלוֹ עלי וכ׳ the child’s pointing with his finger (commentary or commentaries); see, however, the preceding word] Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 2ᶜ top עקב בצד ג׳ heel touching toe (in walking); Shabbath 62ᵇ (explained הלוך וטפוף, Isaiah 3, 16).—plural גּוּדָלִים, גּוּדָלִין, construct state גּוּדְלֵי. Shabbath 151ᵇ ג׳ רגליו his great toes. ↗ original
גּוֹדְלָנָא (גדל, see גְּדִיל) the heap, the difference between stricken and heaped measure. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 4, end, 31ᶜ [read:] אנא מחשׂכנא ג׳ וכ׳ I will deduct the difference from my dowry, see חֲשַׂךְ. ↗ original
גּוֹדְרוֹת (denominative of גדרהfold, Numbers 32, 16) animals living in folds (which they leave in day-time), in gen. moving live stock. Bava Bathra 36ᵃ; Gittin 20ᵇ; Kethuboth 84ᵇ הג׳ אין להם חזקה the possession of fold-animals is no evidence of ownership (as they may have come over by accident). Bava Metzia 69ᵃ בג׳ כ"ד חדש fold-animals (small cattle given out for raising on half-profit) must be attended to twenty four months (before a division of profits can be demanded by the keeper). ↗ original
גּוּדְרִיתָא (גדר) partition;ג׳ דקני (= Hebrew חיצת קנים) a hedge of reeds spreading from a common stem. Eruvin 19ᵇ (Munich manuscript גּוּדְרְיָיתָא, plural; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גורדייתא). Shabbath 50ᵇ בגורד׳ דקני edition (corrupted בגודר׳, Munich manuscript בגרירתא, corrupted בגדיר׳; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) בי גזרתא) (to put a knife) between the branches of a hedge of reeds. [The version of Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) proves גודר׳ to be the proper version and גורד׳ or גריר׳, corruptions.] ↗ original
גּוֹדֶשׁ (גדש) the heap, the top over the level of a dry measure. Zevachim 62ᵇ כמחק ג׳ סאה as thick as the instrument for striking off the top of a S’ah. Menachoth 9, 5 (90ᵃ) היה גוֹדְשָׁהּ לתוכה (variant reading גָדְשָׁהּ) its heap was added to the measure, i.e. the additional quantity forming the top of other measures, was contained in the Highpriest’s measure which was so much larger. ↗ original
גּוּדְשָׁא Eruvin 14ᵇ ההוא לג׳ this refers to heaped measure (dry quantities). the same place (ibid.) ההוא ג׳ תילתא הוי that top in dry measures amounts to one third of the entire quantity; Shabbath 35ᵃ ↗ original
גּוּהָא (Munich manuscript גִיהָא) masculine (גנה = גנח, or גוה = גוח, see Nöld. Mand. Gr. p. 52) an abrupt sound, a subterranean thunder, earthquake, rumbling. Berachoth 59ᵃ defining זְוָעוֹת (Mishnah the same place (ibid.) 9, 2). the same place (ibid.) גנח ג׳ (Munich manuscript גנא גי׳) a thunder roared (a rumbling was heard). the same place (ibid.) ג׳ ג׳ עביד it really comes in one rumbling sound after the other. ↗ original
גּוּהַרְקָא 1 (a corruption of גרהוקא, carruca, καροῦχα, καῤῥοῦχα) a carriage used by persons of distinction (see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word). Taanith 20ᵇ ג׳ דדהבא a gilt carruca (aurea carruca, see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 the passage cited); Gittin 31ᵇ. Bava Metzia 73ᵇ מעייל להו בג׳ דרבא made them draw Raba’s carriage. the same place (ibid.) 85ᵇ ג׳ דר׳ חייא the carriage in which R. Ḥiya will rise to heaven.—plural גּוּהַרְקֵי. the same place (ibid.) בכולהו ג׳ Manuscript Hamburg (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 90). ↗ original
גּוּהַרְקָא 2 (= גֵּוו הַרְקָא; compare Syriac (Peshitta) חרוק acerbus Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 1384, a. Hebrew חַרְצָן) sour and hard berry.—plural גּוּהַרְקֵי. Nazir 34ᵇ גוה׳ edition (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גורקי) undeveloped grapes.—Pesachim 25ᵇ גוהרקי Munich manuscript (edition גוהרקיה, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גרקי) undeveloped olives (used for rubbing the skin in fever). ↗ original
גַּוָּוזָא 1 (גוז) = Hebrew גֶּזַע, trunk, stem. Berachoth 40ᵃ; 40ᵇ איתיה לג׳ וכ׳ (Manuscript Florence גִּזְעָא, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גִּזָּא) there remains a stem which produces fruits again. Avodah Zarah 35ᵇ קטפא דגַוָּזָא edition (Munich manuscript גווזא, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גזא, גנזא, see Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) Aruch Completum (Kohut) under the word גז 2, p. 262) ; Niddah 8ᵇ קטפא דגווזא the gum which oozes out of the stem, opposite דפירי.—Nedarim 50ᵃ (became rich) מן גַּוָּזָא through a (hollowed out) trunk. the same place (ibid.) לא אשכחו אלא גווזא וכ׳ they found on the sea shore nothing (of the wrecked ship) except a trunk. the same place (ibid.) וכולי עיסקא מחית בההוא גוזא (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גיאזא, read גו׳) and the entire treasure of the ship was hidden in that trunk; [Rashi: chest, see גּוּזָּא].—2) [that which is cut off,] branches; [that which is chopped,] wood. Chullin 8ᵇ פסק ביה ג׳ לע"ז (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גואזא) he cut wood with it for idolatrous purposes. Bava Kamma 22ᵇ ג׳ סילתא וכ׳ (Oxford manuscript a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גואזא) chopped wood, kindling chips and light. Shabbath 154ᵇ גואזא פרסכנא edition (Munich manuscript גווזא ופ׳, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) low and spreading ramifications (forming the fourth wall of a Succah). Gittin 69ᵇ, see מרמהין.—גַּוָּוזֵי. Shabbath 155ᵃ let him rest the ladder אגוו׳ וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition אגַּוָּואזֵי, Oxford manuscript גואזא) on the branches spreading beyond the circumference of the tree (Rashi: on pegs reaching beyond etc.). plural גַּאוָּזִין (compare איסקוזות) lots, division by lots. Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 רבתי (חד מאת׳ 1) נעביד ג׳ let us divide by lots (commentary or commentaries: pieces of wood on which names are written for raffling). ↗ original
גַּוָּוזָא , 2 (see the preceding) castrate, eunuch; in gen. servant, guardsman. Targum I Kings 22, 9; and frequently (var. גָּוָזָא, גַּוָּאזָא, גַּוְזָאָה etc.—Shabbath 152ᵃ ההיא גַּוְזָאָה edition (edition Soncino גָּוָזָא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 40; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גאזא, see Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) Aruch Completum (Kohut) under the word גוז, p. 256 notes).—plural גַּוָּוזֵי etc., גַּוָּזָאִין. Targum 2 Kings 9, 32.—Megillah 28ᵃ (Munich manuscript גוזאי, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גואזי). Kiddushin 33ᵃ משדר גוזאי used to send guardsmen. ↗ original
גַּוָּון (גּוּן, construct state גּוֹן) masculine (גּוּן) surface, color; resemblance. Eruvin 53ᵇ (as specimen of elegant language) מאי גַּוַּון טליתך of what color is thy cloak?—Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 90, end מפני מה [בחר] תכלת מכל ג׳ why has the blue been preferred to any other color?—plural גַּוָּונִים, נִין … Berachoth 6ᵇ. Niddah 24ᵇ ג׳ תנן the Mishnah (3, 2 גנינים) speaks of variegated colors. Bamidbar Rabbah section 12 מינין הרבה וג׳ הרבה many qualities and many colors; and frequently—Transferred כְּגוֹן (compare כְּעֵין under the word עַיִן) like, similar to; for example. כגון ש־ (Chaldaic (Aramaic) כגון ד׳) for instance if, when. Pesachim 119ᵇ כג׳ תמרים וכ׳ such things as dates, roasted ears etc. the same place (ibid.) כג׳ אורדילאי לי e.g. mushrooms for me. Bava Metzia 101ᵃ כג׳ דא צריכא רבה something like this was very necessary to be said. Chullin 84ᵃ כג׳אנו people like ourselves (in our condition). Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 3ᵇ top כג׳ אנו שעוסקין וכ׳ people like ourselves who are engaged etc. Shevi'ith 8, 1; 3. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4, 8. Orlah 2, 7. Bava Kamma 108ᵃ כ׳ שטען וכ׳ e.g. if he claims etc. Bava Metzia 69ᵃ כ׳ דאית וכ׳ if he has etc.; and very frequently—Denom. גִּוֵּוןto color. Shabbath 140ᵃ top the egg is put in לגַוֵּון (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) לגַוָּאן, Munich manuscript לגיאן, O. ליגרון) only for coloring. ↗ original
גַּוָּון ² Targum Esther 1, 6. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 15, 3 גּווַֹן. the same place (ibid.) 19 גַּוֶן edition Amsterdam edition—Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 1, 13 ג׳ ביש a sort of evil (Hebrew text ענין); and elsewhere—Niddah 24ᵇ בחד ג׳ הוה קאי it would constantly have only one color.—Transferred way, manner. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 5, 4 לכל גּווָֹן ד־ in what way soever. Targum Isaiah 50, 11 ובהדא גַּיְנָא (some edition גּוּנָא) and in this manner; and elsewhere—כי האי ג׳ (abbr. כה"ג) like this, in this way, in a case like this. Targum Ruth 4, 6.—Bava Metzia 30ᵇ ומי הוי הפקר כי האי ג׳ is there a renunciation of property like this, i.e. is such a conditional renunciation valid? the same place (ibid.) 69ᵇ top כה"ג צריך וכ׳ in such a case he must give notice; and very frequently—plural גְּוָונִין, גַּוְונֵי. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 2, 3; 10; and elsewhere—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 14, 2.—Bava Metzia 8ᵇ תרי גוני מנהיג there are two ways of driving. Bava Kamma 108ᵃ תרי ג׳ ממונא two sorts of indemnities or fines; and frequently—the same place (ibid.) 86ᵃ בעי מחוי גוני (ארישיה) wants to show faces (pantomimes, by moving his head).—כְּגוֹן, see the preceding [Sanhedrin 98ᵃ, see הֲזָר.] ↗ original
גּוּז see גזז) to cut (the way, air), pass, fly.—Hif'il הֵגִיז to carry across, drive up. Mechilta Yithro, Baḥod. section 5; Tanchuma Vayikra 3; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 427. ↗ original
גּוּז ²to cut, cut off.—participle גָּאִיז, גָּיֵיז. Gittin 67ᵇ זימנין דג׳ ליה לדיבוריה sometimes one cuts his speech short (does not finish his sentence).—Nedarim 68ᵃ בעל מֵיגַז גָּיֵיז does the husband (betrothed) cut the vow apart, i.e. annul half the vow of his betrothed, leaving it to her father to annul the other half?, opposite מיקלש קליש he weakens the stringency of the entire vow. to cross, pass. Targum Isaiah 51, 10.—Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 8 גייז וכ׳ passed the street riding on horse-back (Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 974 עבר). Vayikra Rabbah section 37 [read:] מן דגייזין בחד נהר when they were crossing a river. Af'el הִפְעִיל אָגֵיזto carry across. Bereshith Rabbah section 10 מְגִיזָה יתיה וכ׳ carried it across the river; Koheleth Rabbah to 5, 8; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 972 מְגִיזָא; Vayikra Rabbah section 22 ומגזתיה (corrupted ומְגִיזְתֵּיה). Koheleth Rabbah the passage cited אֲגִיזְתֵּיה she carried it over; Vayikra Rabbah the passage cited אגיזתא (correct accordingly). ↗ original
*גָּוֹזָאGoza, a river or channel in Babylon. Avodah Zarah 39ᵃ נהר ג׳ (Munich manuscript נתן; Sukkah 18ᵃ איתן, Munich manuscript נתן, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). ↗ original
גּוֹזָלbrood, chick, especially pidgeon. Kinnim 2, 1. Bereshith Rabbah section 44 (explained תור וג׳, Genesis 15, 9) תור ובן יונה.—plural גּוֹזָלִים, גּוֹזָלוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 1, beginning 40ᵇ … לים; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4, 1 לות … Sanhedrin 94ᵇ; and frequently—Transferred young children. Pesachim 49ᵃ ומייתם גּוֹזָלָיו edition (Munich manuscript a. Yalkut Shimoni Amos 545 בניו) and causes his children to become orphans. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 1, end, 8ᵃ גזלי הדיינין (read גּוֹזְלֵי), see אֵשֶׁל. ↗ original
גּוֹזָלָא 1 —plural גּוֹזָלִין, גּוֹזָלִיָּיא. Targum Song of Songs 4, 1. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 32, 11. Targum Psalms 84, 4; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 1, 8ᵃ top of the page Pesachim 119ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original
גּוּזְמָא (גּזַם) a figure of speech, hyperbole. Bava Metzia 104ᵇ ג׳ בעלמא הוא דקגזים he used only a hyperbolical expression (‘a thousand Zuz’). Arachin 11ᵃ וסימנך מתניתא ג׳ and thy mnemotechnical sign (to remember who said a hundred and who a thousand) be: the Boraitha (or Mishnah) frequently uses hyperboles. Betzah 4ᵃ; and frequently—5. הֲבַאי. ↗ original
גַּוְזַנְיָא (a fictitious denominative of גַּוָּוזָא 2) Gavzania (Eunuchia), a fictitious place. Shabbath 152ᵃ a eunuch (gavvaza) asked R. Joshuah ben Karḥah (Baldhead) מהכא לקרחינא כמא how far is from here to Karḥina (Baldburgh), upon which R. Joshua replied כמהכא לג׳ (Munich manuscript לגווזאה) as far as from here to Eunuchia (see Sachs Sachs, Beitrage 2, p. 132). ↗ original
גּוֹזֵר (גזר) circumciser, surgeon. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sab. 19, beginning, 16ᵈ; Babylonian Sab. 130ᵇ ר׳ יהודה הג׳ R. J. the surgeon. [Cmp. גְּזוֹרִי.] ↗ original
גּוֹיcrowd, people, nation; plural גּוֹיִםgentiles, frequently which גּוֹי = נָכְרִי or עכו"ם, gentile, idolator. Tosefta Avodah Zarah 3, 4 and the following; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, 41ᵃ top contradistinguished to כותי (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 29ᵃ נכרי); and very frequently—plural גּוֹיִים, גּוֹיִם. Avodah Zarah 1, 1 and the following in Yerushalmi (prefix) edition ג׳ (Babylonian edition נכרים, עכו"ם, Mishnah עכומ"ז, נכרים indiscriminately); and very frequently—Fem. גּוֹיָהgentile woman. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 2, 4ᵃ top ואין בנך מן הג׳ וכ׳ thy son from a gentile is not called thy son but her son (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 23ᵃ נכרית); and frequently—plural גּוֹיוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, 6ᵃ bottom of the page [Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 1, 43ᵇ top, and elsewhere גויים לוקין, see גַּיּוּס.] ↗ original
גויה , Targum Proverbs 16, 30 some edition, read גָּזֵים, see גְּזַם. ↗ original
גְּוִיָּהinner body, creature. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 8ᵇ top לכל ג׳ וג׳ וכ׳ to each creature its needs. Mikvaoth 10, 7 לפסול את הג׳ to make the inner body unfit (for receiving T’rumah); Tohoroth 1, 3 הגְּוִויָּה; and frequently—plural גְּוִיּוֹת, גְּוִיּיוֹת. Yoma 80ᵇ טומאת ג׳ some edition (other singular) the uncleanness of the inner body. membrum. Niddah 25ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 50ᵈ. Kiddushin 25ᵃ; and frequently—plural גְּוִיּוֹת. Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 20 גויית some edition (correct accordingly). ↗ original
גְּוִיל (גוּל) a rolling stone, rough untrimmed stone, cobble. Bava Bathra 1, 1; explained the same place (ibid.) 3ᵃ ג׳ אבני דלא וכ׳ untrimmed stones. Bava Metzia 117ᵇ a roll of parchment. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 83ᵇ bottom of the page must rend his garments הג׳ בפני עצמו וכ׳ once for the burnt parchment and a second times for the writing; Babylonian Moed Katan 26ᵃ אחת על הג׳ Munich manuscript—the same place (ibid.) (referring to Jeremiah 36, 27) המגילה זה הג׳ Munich manuscript (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) m’gillah refers to the writing paper, hadd’barim to the writing.—plural גְּוִילִין. Avodah Zarah 18ᵃ I see ג׳ נשרפין וכ׳ En Yakob (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 50, edition incorr. גליון) the parchment burned but the letters soar upward.—Esp. g’vil, a certain kind of parchment, see דּוּכְסוּסְטוֹס. Tosefta Bava Bathra 4, 7 (if one sold) ספר של צבאים … של ג׳ a book for deer-skin and it is found to be g’vil. Massekheth Sof’rim 1, 4. Shabbath 79ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original
גְּוִילָא , parchment, roll. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 31, 24 (Hebrew text ספר). [Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 4, 75ᵇ bottom of the page, see גּוּל.] ↗ original
גְּוִיעָה (גָּוַע) exspiration, use of the verb גָּוַע with reference to death. Bava Bathra 16ᵇ, see אֲסִיפָה. ↗ original
*גּוּלto form a ball, circle; to roll up a scroll of the Law. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 7, 44ᵇ top שאין גָּלִין וכ׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 4, 75ᵇ bottom of the page שאין גולים (read גָּלִים or גּוֹלְלִ׳, see גָּלַל) the Book of the Law must not be rolled up (to prepare the place to be read from) in the presence of the congregation. Denom. גְּוִיל, גִּיל. [In Biblical Hebrew גּוּל or גִּילto dance, rejoice.] ↗ original
גּוּל participle גָיֵיל (גָּוֵיל). Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 7, 44ᵇ top [read:] תהא גייל לה לאחורי פרוכתא thou must roll it (the scroll, see the preceding) behind the curtain; Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 4, 75ᵇ bottom of the page (correct accordingly). Hitpol. אִתְגּוֹלַל , see גַּלְגֵּל Ithpalp. ↗ original
*גַּוְלָא , construct state גְּוַל (גול) ball, roll. Targum Isaiah 38, 12 some edition כג׳ גרדאין like the weavers’ roll (see, however, נַוְולָאweb; other edition מנחל גידודין, כנחל גדודאין). ↗ original
גּוּלְבָּא (גלב) spelt. Pesachim 35ᵃ, explain. כּוּסְמִין (the same place (ibid.) Mishnah) ג׳ (Munich manuscript גּוּלְבֵּי plural); Menachoth 70ᵃ; 70ᵇ ↗ original
גּוּלְבִּינָאa species of peas, (Vicia sativa, Lathuros cicera, see Fleisher, appendix to Levys Targumic or Talmudic Lexicon to Levy Talmud Dictionary 1, 433ᵇ). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 1, 27ᵃ top, explain. פורקדן of Mishnah the same place (ibid.) 1, 1 (see quoted in Rabbenu Shimshon ad loc. (on the passage)). ↗ original
גולגוקין , read גַּלְגְּיוֹלִין masculine plural (calceoli) (Roman) shoes which leave the toes uncovered (see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word). Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 5, 63ᵃ bottom of the page we saw his toes מן ג׳ דידיה reaching out of his calceoli↗ original
גּוּלְגְּלָא Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 7, end, 25ᵈ נסב חדא ג׳ וכ׳ took a skull and threw it upward.—plural גּוּלְגְּלַיָּאcapitation taxes. Vayikra Rabbah section 33 (Yalkut Shimoni Daniel 1061 גֻּלְגֹּלִיּוֹת). ↗ original
גּוּלְגֹּלֶתhead, skull. Avoth 2, 6. Sanhedrin 65ᵇ הנשאל בג׳ he who consults a skull (as a conjurer). Koheleth Rabbah to 12, 6 ‘the golden bowl’ (גולת the same place (ibid.)) is the head (bowed down in old age); and elsewhere—plural גּוּלְגֹלִיּוֹת. Bamidbar Rabbah section 19; Tanchuma Chukkath 20 ג׳ וזרועות וכ׳ innumerable skulls, arms etc. capitation tax. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 10, end, 34ᵃ; the same place (ibid.) 13, 35ᵈ, see אַרְנוֹנָא. Tanchuma Ki Thissa 1; and frequently—plural as above. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 1, 15ᵇ bottom of the page—Yalkut Shimoni Daniel 1061, see the preceding; and frequently ↗ original
גּוּלְגַּלְתָּאskull, head. Targum Exodus 16, 16; and frequently Targum 2 Esther 3, 9 גּוּלְגְּלָתָא.—Tamid 32ᵇ והבו ליה ג׳ חדא they gave him (Alexander the Great) a skull. the same place (ibid.) ג׳ דעינא, see גַּלְגְּלָא. capitation tax. Bava Bathra 8ᵃ; Nedarim 62ᵇ כסף ג׳, see בְּלוֹ. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Shekalim p. 11ᵃ גּוּלְגַּלְתֵּיךְ thy capitation tax (for the Roman government); and elsewhere ↗ original
גּוֹלָהexile, especially (with or without בני) the diaspora, Jews living abroad, especially Babylonians. Avodah Zarah 30ᵇ. Rosh Hashanah 18ᵇ באת שמועה לַגּ׳ the report came to the captivity (in Babylonia); and frequently—ראש ג׳ (Chaldaic (Aramaic) ריש גלותא) chief of the Babylonian Jews, Resh G’lutha. Sanhedrin 38ᵃ; Chullin 92ᵃ ר׳ ג׳ שבבבל; and elsewhere—עולי ג׳ those returning from Babylonian captivity. Bava Bathra 15ᵃ bottom of the page—5. גָּלוּת. ↗ original
גּוּלָּהcup, bowl. Vayikra Rabbah section 32, and elsewhere (used for play on גּולֶה, a. גּוֹאֲלָהּ), see גּוֹאֵל. ↗ original
גּוּלְיָיר (galearius) soldier’s boy, common soldier. Bereshith Rabbah section 63 never despise a low Roman ולא בג׳ זעיר (Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, end, 46ᶜ בחבר) not even a low galearius. Bamidbar Rabbah section 9; Tosefta Sotah 3, 14, see סָפַן. Esther Rabbah to 3, 1. the same place (ibid.) to 6, 12 practiced in four trades a bather, a barber, גליור וכ׳ (read גלייר) a soldier’s servant and a crier; and elsewhere—plural גּוּלְיָירִין. Pesikta Rabbati section 15; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Haḥod. p. 45ᵇ גולרירין (correct accordingly); Bamidbar Rabbah section 11; and elsewhere the subordinate divine messengers.—Nazir 66ᵇ גּוּלְיָירִים מתגרין וכ׳ the common soldiers begin the battle and the heroes (veteran soldiers) wind up with victory; Berachoth 53ᵇ גוליירין (variant reading גליורין, correct accordingly). ↗ original
גּוֹלֵל (גלל, compare גַּל) the stone placed on top of a burial cave, top-stone, contradistinguished to דּוֹפֵק. Oholoth 2, 4; and frequently—סתימת הַגּ׳ the closing of the tomb with the golel. Sanhedrin 47ᵇ; Shabbath 152ᵇ עד שיסתם הג׳.—Eruvin 15ᵇ; Sukkah 23ᵃ cannot be used ג׳ לקבר for closing up a grave, i.e. if put on top, it is not considered a golel in levitical law, see Chullin 72ᵃ ↗ original
גּוֹלְלָא Targum Job. 14, 22; and elsewhere ↗ original
גּוֹלֶםa rolled up, shapeless mass, whence lump, a shapeless or lifeless substance. Yerushalmi (prefix) Niddah 3, 50ᵈ and the other limbs of the embryo look כמין ג׳ מצומתים like a lump, squeezed together. Bereshith Rabbah section 14 העמידו ג׳ He made him stand, a large, lifeless mass. the same place (ibid.) section 24 ג׳ בראו וכ׳ He formed him into a huge body, which extended from one end etc. the same place (ibid.) (referring to Psalms 139, 16) ג׳ שראו עיניך (read גֹּולָמִים) the embryos which Thy eyes have seen, have all been recorded (preordained) etc.; Pesikta Rabbati section 23; and frequently—Pesikta Rabbati section 33 גלומי היו (read גְּלוּמִין or גולמין) they were (hard) lumps (blocks). unfinished matter, a vessel wanting finishing, opposite פשוט plain surface, forming no receptacle. Sanhedrin 22ᵇ אשה ג׳ היא ואינה וכ׳ woman (unmarried) is an unfinished vessel, and she makes a covenant with (cares for) none but him who made her a vessel.—plural גֹּולָמִים, גֳּלָ׳, construct state גֹּולְמֵי. Kelim 12, 6 ג׳ כלי מתכות unfinished metal vessels, see defin. Chullin 25ᵃ; Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 2, 10.—the same place (ibid.) 7, 12 גֹלָמִין (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) גלמי) pumpkins in their natural shape, opposite to חתוכין ומנוקבין.—Sifré Numbers 158 כלים ולא גלומים (Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 786 גֹּולְמִין) ‘vessels’ which means finished vessels but not half-finished.—Transferred uneducated, unrefined. Avoth 5, 7. body. plural as above. Sifré Numbers 131; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 771 the spear entered בשני ג׳ both bodies. ↗ original
גּוֹלְמָאunfinished vessel. plural גּוּלְמַיָּא, גּוּלְמֵי. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 31, 22 (after Sifré Numbers 158, see the preceding).—Shabbath 52ᵇ בגֻלְמֵי; 123ᵃ בגולמי it treats of unfinished (needles).—2) (compare גְּוִיל) stone. plural גֹּולְמִין. Targum Esther 9, 5 קטילת ג׳ (for Biblical Hebrew הֶרֶג) death by stoning.—Sanhedrin 95ᵃ [read:] אייתו לי … גולמא (דטינא) ונירגמינה bring ye unto me, each of you a stone (lump of clay), and we shall stone it (overthrow the city with mere stones); compare Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 284; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word גולמהרג. hill, see גְּלִימָא 2. ↗ original
גּוֹלָמִי = like aגּוֹלֶם, roughly shaped. plural גּוֹלָמִיֹּות. Shemoth Rabbah section 30, see גָּלַם. ↗ original
גֹּולָמִישׁ (גלם, with formative יש—; compare עַכָּבִישׁ) [hard, stone-like, see גולמא,] golamish, a species of cedar. Rosh Hashanah 23ᵃ, (explain. אדרא); Sanhedrin 108ᵇ (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 1). ↗ original
גּוּלְמֵישׁ Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 19, 6 (Hebrew text ארז).—plural גַּלְמְשִׁין. Targum Song of Songs 5, 15 (Hebrew text ארזים). ↗ original
גּוֹלָן (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a place Golan, in Bashan (Gaulanitis). Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 4, 43 (Yerushalmi (prefix) דברא). Targum Joshua 20, 8; and elsewhere—Makkoth 9ᵇ ↗ original
גּוּלְפָא (גלף) stone pitcher, jug. Yoma 12ᵃ it is usage to leave in the inn ג׳ ומשכא the (empty) wine pitcher and the hide (of the slaughtered animal). Nedarim 49ᵇ שקיל ג׳ וכ׳ would carry a pitcher (on which to sit during the lectures) on his shoulder.—plural גּוּלְפַיָּא, גּוּלְפֵי. Bava Bathra 71ᵃ the house דמחזיק מאה ג׳ which has room for one hundred jugs (placed in rows). Avodah Zarah 32ᵃ בג׳ חיורי in unglazed jugs. Chagigah 25ᵇ למיטרח אג׳ to provide jugs (for the harvest). [גולפין, Targum Esther 9, 5, a clerical tautography of גולמין, see גֹּולְמָא.] ↗ original
גֹּולְתָא (גול, גלל; compare גְּלִימָא) [wrapper,] a long woolen cloak of state used at prayers. Shabbath 77ᵇ (playful etymology) ג׳ גלי ותיב Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Rashi, roll it up and sit down (Oxford manuscript גלי ואייתי travel abroad and import it, edition גלי ואתיב uncover thyself and put it down). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, end, 32ᵈ to wrap up money גו גוֹלְתֵה וכ׳ in one’s cloak and tie it up with linen cords. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 3, 66ᵈ top עצור גֹּולְתָךְ וכ׳ save thy cloak from the rain (a sneer at an unefficacious prayer for rain). the same place (ibid.) 4, 67ᶜ את יהב לִי גוֹלְתִי וכ׳ give me my cloak that we may pray at the time of closing the gates (sunset). Bava Metzia 85ᵃ ג׳ דדהבא וכ׳ they spread over thee a gold-trimmed cloak (at graduation ceremonies); and frequently—plural גֹּולָתָא, גֹּולְיָתָא, גֹּולְיָין. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 15, 38 גוֹלַתְהוֹן, I גּוּלְיַתְהוֹן a. גּוּלֵיהוֹן. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) the same place (ibid.) 16, 1 גֹּולְיָיתֵיה his cloaks. the same place (ibid.) 2 גֹּולְיַין. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 22, 12 גֹּולְיַית־, 2 גֹּולָתֵי־. the same place (ibid.) 33, 19.—Bereshith Rabbah section 36 (explained סרבלי־ Daniel 3, 21) בגוּלֵיהוֹן (frequently גֹּולָא) in their fine cloaks; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 9; Esther Rabbah to 1, 12. Betzah 38ᵇ גֹּולָתַיְיכִי שקלי have I taken your cloaks (that you laugh at me)?—[Bereshith Rabbah section 19 גולין Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth), see גִּלָּיוֹן end.] ↗ original
גּוּמָא (גמא to scrape, see Targum Job 39, 24) hole, indentation, Chullin 2, 9 (41ᵃ). Bava Bathra 16ᵃ for each hair ג׳ בפני עצמה a separate follicle. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 1, 25ᵇ לעושה ג׳ וכ׳ like one making a depression in flesh which fills up again; and elsewhere—plural גּוּמוֹת. Avodah Zarah 76ᵇ a knife שאין בה ג׳ which is not battered. Tosefta Maasroth 3, 18 ג׳ הלוף (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) גּוּמַת, singular), see לוֹף.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Niddah 3, 50ᶜ bottom of the page ג׳ הזקן dimples, see גַּב.—גומיות, see גּוֹמָמִית. ↗ original
גּוֹמֶד , see גָּמַד) gomed, a length-measure, supposed to be the cubit less the hand’s length; arm. [Arachin 11ᵃ וגָמְדָּהּ אמה Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) and the arm of the scraper was one cubit, contradistinguished to היא itself, i.e. the perpendicular part; edition וגובה.]—plural גְּמָדִים, גּוֹמָדִין. Bava Bathra 100ᵃ שני גמ׳ edition (Munich manuscript a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גו׳). a veil of a square gomed, used by Arabs in cold weather for covering the face.—plural גּוֹמָדִין. Kelim 29, 1 הג׳ של ערביין.—Denom. גִּמֵּדto measure by the gomed. Tana d’be El. 1, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 31 (see Lattes Saggio p. 84). ↗ original
גּוֹמָמִית (גמם, see גּוּמָא) hole, excavation. plural גּוֹמָמִיּוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 3, 28ᶜ ג׳ שיש בהן וכ׳ depressions in a field of the width of etc.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 4, 44ᵃ bottom of the page מותר ג׳ what is left in the depressions in the vat.; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 7 (8), 5 גומיות edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading גממיות).—Tosefta Mikvaoth 3, 4; Chagigah 19ᵃ גְּמָמִיּוֹת. ↗ original
גּוּמָּצָאpit. Targum Proverbs 22, 14 manuscript (edition גומאצא). the same place (ibid.) 23, 27. the same place (ibid.) 26, 27 masc. ↗ original
גּוּמְרָא (גמר to consume) burning, glowing coal. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 27, 5.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 2, 61ᶜ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 5, 56ᶜ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 78ᵃ bottom of the page (proverb) כל ג׳ דלא כויה וכ׳ a coal which does not burn you in its time, will never burn you.—plural גּוּמְרִין, גּוּמְרַיָּא, גּוּמְרֵי. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 3, 24. Targum Job 5, 7; and elsewhere—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 38, 4 גורמיא (correct accordingly), see גַּרְמָא. Chullin 93ᵇ. Bereshith Rabbah section 51 (referring to פחים, Psalms 11, 6) ג׳ ומצדין burning coals (= פחמים) or snares; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 655, compare Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 11. Shabbath 11Shabbath 110ᵃ; and elsewhere ↗ original
גּוּמַרְתָּאsame. Chullin 11ᵃ דמנח ג׳ וכ׳ he may put a burning coal on it. a local skin-disease, probably a burn. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 40ᵈ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 14, 14ᵈ top of the page ↗ original
גּוּן (compare גָּנַןto surround; with על, to cover. Denom. גַּוָּן. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֵגִיןsame, to protect. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms I מה המגן הזה מֵגִין את … מֵגִין על וכ׳ as the shield surrounds the body, so does the Lord protect man. Sotah 10ᵃ [read:] מה הקב"ה מגין על … אף שמשון ה׳ וכ׳ as the Lord protects the whole world, so did Samson in his generation protect Israel; Yalkut Shimoni Judges 69. Sotah 21ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original
גּוּנְדָּא 1 common gender (= גּוּדָּא; גוד or גדד, see גְּדוּד I) a band, troop. Bava Metzia 86ᵃ ג׳ דפרשי a troop of horsemen. Avodah Zarah 11ᵃ ג׳ דרומאי a troop of Roman (soldiers). [the same place (ibid.) הדר שדר גונדאי דרומאי וכ׳, read with Munich manuscript גונדא אחרינא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)). Berachoth 58ᵃ; and elsewhere—Nedarim 32ᵃ ג׳ דחימה the troop commanded by Ḥemah (angel of wrath).—plural גּוּנְדֵּי. Chullin 60ᵃ דנפישי ג׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition חילותיה) His armies are too numerous. ↗ original
גּוּנְדָּא 2 (= גּוּדָּא) wall. plural גּוּנְדֵּי. Sotah 22ᵇ דחייפי ג׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word חף 5, see below) who scratch themselves against the walls (in saintly self-chastisement). gunda, name of a domestic overall used at work for the protection of one’s clothes, duster. *Gittin 68ᵇ (in Hebr. diction) גּוּנְדּוֹ his duster (was all that was left to Solomon) (Sanhedrin 20ᵇ (Munich manuscript) Yalkut Shimoni Kings 177, Tanchuma Aḥăre 1 קודו; Koheleth Rabbah to 2, 10 קודיה; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 2, 20ᶜ bottom of the page קניא). Shabbath 119ᵃ R. Anan (while preparing for the Sabbath) לביש ג׳ (Oxford manuscript גורנא, Alfasi manuscript גודנא, Asheri edition Venice גונרא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 2) put a gunda on.—plural גּוּנְדֵּי. Sotah 22ᵇ בי דינא … מהני דחפו ג׳ let the great Court call to account those who are wrapt up in overalls (hypocrites whom you cannot see through; Rashi: those who wrap themselves in cloaks as though they were true Pharisees; other version, see above). ↗ original
גּוּנְדְּרִיתָא (גדר, נ inserted; compare preceding article) balustrade, ledge. Kiddushin 70ᵃ פורתא דג׳ וכ׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) by cler. error … זנא) I am only making a little bit of a balustrade (a word considered too affected in place of Biblical Hebrew מעקה, Talmudic מחיצה). ↗ original
גּוּנִי (γυνή) woman. Bereshith Rabbah section 18; section 31; see next word↗ original
גּוּנְיָא (an assumed form corresp. to γυνεος) man, see אַנְתְּרוֹפִּי. Bereshith Rabbah section 18; section 31. ↗ original
גּוּנְכָאbed-cloth, blanket. Targum Judges 4, 18 (Hebrew text שמיכה). Targum 2 Kings 8, 15 (Hebrew text מכבר). [variant reading גּוּנְבָא.] ↗ original
גּוּס 1 (compare גאה) to swell, be bold (gen. with לב). Kethuboth 12ᵃ כדי שיהא לבו גָּס בה in order that he may become bold towards her (become intimate). the same place (ibid.) 28ᵃ שאין לבו גס בה for he is not intimate enough with her (not having been married to her). Sotah 1, 6 לבו גס בהן she is too proud towards them (their appearance may only harden her heart). Gittin 7, 4 לבה גס בשפחתה she is too proud towards her handmaid (so that her presence has no restraining influence). Avoth 4, 7 הגס לבו בהוראה he who gives decisions in haughtiness. [the same place (ibid.) גס רוח, see גַּס.] Tosefta Maasroth 3, 7 לא גס לבי וכ׳ I did not venture to say etc. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֵגִיס (with לב or דעת) to embolden one’s heart; (reflexive) to become bold. Shemoth Rabbah section 6 מי ה׳ את לבך who made thee so bold i.e. who has encouraged thee to take such liberties? Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 2, beginning 49ᶜ להָגֵס את לבו שיאכל to encourage him to eat. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 1, 18ᵃ bottom of the page ה׳ דעתו לדון he dared to judge singly. Bamidbar Rabbah section 2 הֵגִיסוּ את לבם they became presumptuous; Vayikra Rabbah section 20 גיסו לבם (correct accordingly)—Bamidbar Rabbah section 19 היה מֵגִיס בינו וכ׳ (supply (understood word) לבו) was arrogant (towards the king) in privacy; ה׳ במעמד וכ׳ was arrogant in the presence of his legions; and frequently ↗ original
גּוּס Berachoth 47ᵃ גָּס דעתיה Munich manuscript he has become proud. Sanhedrin 8ᵃ קא גָאִיס (ביה) (Oxford manuscript גָּיֵיס, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) he was arrogant. Af'el הִפְעִיל אָגֵיס as Hebrew Hif'il—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 17, 20. the same place (ibid.) Leviticus 9, 7 א׳ מנדעך take courage. the same place (ibid.) Exodus 28, 39 מְגִיסֵי רעיוניהון the haughty (compare גסי רוח, under the word גַּס). Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְגַּסto become bold, haughty. Targum 2 Chronicles 26, 16 (Hebrew text גבה). Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 1, 12 (variant reading אתגבה). ↗ original
גּוּס 2to come in contact, touch, be connected. Denom. גַּיָּיס; גִּיס. [ʿUktsin 2, 6 שיגוס, see נָגַס.] Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֵגִיסto stir (with a ladle etc.). Makhshirin 5, 11 מֵגִיסָה בקדרה she stirs the pot. Avodah Zarah 38ᵇ top ומֵגִיסָה and may stir it.—Shabbath 67ᵇ המגיס בפני אפרוחים (missing in manuscript) who stirs a dish before chickens (a superstitious practice). Meïl. 17ᵃ, and elsewhere Pi'el פִּעֵל גִּיֵּיס , see under the word גַּיָּיס. ↗ original
גּוּס ²to come in contact, meet. Pesachim 110ᵇ גָּס ביה וכ׳ an Arab met him. Gittin 65ᵇ מֵיגַס גָּאֵיס בה (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גָּיֵיס) he may meet him.—Adj. גָּיֵיס, גִּיסfamiliar, see גִּיס. to recline, dine, see גְּסַס. ↗ original
גוסין , Shemoth Rabbah section 9 some edition, see גֵּיס↗ original
גֹּוסֵס (Pol. of גּוּס = גּוּז, Syriac (Peshitta) גוס Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 686) rapidly passing away, sinking, dying. Oholoth 1, 6; and frequently—Kiddushin 71ᵇ עילם ג׳ Elam is to be despaired of (with reference to purity of descent, see בָּרִי).—plural גֹּוסְסִים, גֹּוסְסִין; feminine גֹּוסְסוֹת. Gittin 28ᵃ, and frequently רוב ג׳ למיתה the majority of those believed to be in a dying condition, really die. Shevuoth 37ᵇ.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 1, 3ᵇ top (of genealogical descent, see above). 5. גִּיסָה, גִּיזָה. ↗ original
גָּוַע [to shrink,] fail, fall away. Bereshith Rabbah section 31 (explain. יגוע, Genesis 6, 17) יצמוק (Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 55 ינמוק), see צָמַק. Bereshith Rabbah section 12 גזעה; section 19 גרעה, read: גָּוְעָה וכ׳ his stature was reduced. (active see) to diminish. Tanchuma Noah 7; edition Buber edition 10 והן גָּוְעוּ אותן וכ׳ and they (the wild beasts) diminished their numbers, as it says (Genesis 7, 21) and there were diminished etc. ↗ original
גּוּף 1 , perf. a. participle גָּף (= גָּפַף) [to join body to body,] to squeeze, cork, bung. Niddah 6ᵇ היתה גָּפָה וכ׳ was corking (pitching) wine jugs. Moed Katan 11ᵇ כדו לָגוֹף we take for the mourner his wine jug for corking. [the same place (ibid.) Mishnah the same place (ibid.) 2, 1 וגף, omitted in Munich manuscript, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note.] Maʿǎser Sheni 3, 12 אע"פ שגָּפָן; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 18 שגָּפָם (variant reading גֹּופָם frequently גָּפָה) though he corked them; and elsewhere Pi'el פִּעֵל גִּיֵּיףto embrace, hug. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 3, 41ᵃ גִּיְּיפוֹ he put his arms around it. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֵגִיף (Nehemiah 7, 3) to fill up (a hole), close (a door), fasten. Parah 6, 1. Oholoth 13, 3 הֵגִיפָהּ ולא וכ׳ he filled the hole out but not entirely. Zavim 3, 2 מֵגִיפִין או פותחין if both close or open a door simultaneously. Tosefta Oholoth 14, 1; and elsewhere—participle passive מוּגָף fastened. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 7, 31ᶜ מ׳ צריכה if the door (behind the suspected couple) was closed (but not locked), it is doubtful (whether the woman is to be considered a Sotah, see סוֹטָה). ↗ original
גּוּףto close. Targum Malachi 1, 10; and elsewhere [to embrace,] to have illegitimate intercourse, to commit adultery with. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 20, 10 (Yerushalmi (prefix) גוּר); and elsewhere—participle גָּיֵף, גָּיְיפָא. Targum Hosea 4, 2; 13; and elsewhere—Vayikra Rabbah section 3; Koheleth Rabbah to 4, 6 (proverb) ג׳ בחזורין וכ׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גָּיְרָא) she prostitutes herself for apples and distributes them among the sick (sinning and doing charity). Af'el הִפְעִיל אָגֵיף, אַגֵּיף, , אָגֵףto close. Targum 2 Samuel 13, 17 אִיגוֹף edition Lagarde edition (edition אָגֵיף) close thou etc. the same place (ibid.) 18 אגף (edition Lagarde (edition אגיף); and elsewhere—Bava Kamma 105ᵃ אגף חצייה he closed half of the opening. Pa'el פִּעֵל גַּיֵּיף as Pe. 2. Targum Hosea 4, 14 מְגַיְּ׳ (edition Lagarde edition גייפן).—5. גְּפַף a. גּוּר 2↗ original
גּוּף 2body, person, self. Kiddushin 20ᵃ (explained b’gappo Exodus 21, 3) בגוּפוֹ נכנס וכ׳ of himself he entered, of himself he shall go out (free, in the seventh year) but not, like a gentile slave, on losing a limb. Sanhedrin 91ᵃ ג׳ ונשמה וכ׳ the body and the soul may try to escape judgment (shifting the responsibility one on the other). Kiddushin 37ᵃ, and frequently חובת הג׳personal duty, contradistinguished to ה׳ קרקע laws connected with the (Palestinean) soil. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, 64ᵈ top, and elsewhere אותו הג׳ הקדוש that holy body (saint). Rosh Hashanah 17ᵃ בגוּפָן by defiling their bodies. Avoth 4, 6 גּוּפוֹ מכובד וכ׳ will himself be honored by men.—Transferred Guf, the fictitious storehouse of souls in heaven. Yevamoth 62ᵃ, and elsewhere the son of David shall not come עד שיכלו … שֶׁבַּגּ׳ before all souls in the Guf are exhausted (i.e. sent to live on earth). essence, substance. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 3ᶜ גּוּפָהּ של שמע an integral portion of the Sh’ma (confession of faith). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 2, 5ᵃ top גופה של פתילה the wick itself. Gittin 9, 3 גּוּפוֹ של גט וכ׳ the essential formula of a letter of divorce is etc. Yoma 74ᵇ גופו של מעשה the deed (of sexual gratification) itself; and frequently—Pesachim 112ᵇ מצוה וגוף גדול עושה פירות ולו שכר (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Munich manuscript 2 a. O., edition ולא) a charity and at the same time a good investment is the act of him who helps to produce fruits, while he has the reward (e.g. one who loans money to a husbandman on security, allowing payment in small instalments); מצוה וג׳ טהור וכ׳ a religious act by which one preserves his body pure does he perform who marries a wife etc.—plural גּוּפִין, construct state גּוּפֵי. Bereshith Rabbah section 31.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 2, 5ᵇ bottom of the page ג׳ הלכות; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 10 ג׳ תורה essential parts of the Law; Avoth 3, 18; Chagigah 1, 8 (10ᵃ); 11ᵇ membrum. Vayikra Rabbah section 25, end. surface, color (compare גַּוָּון). Menachoth 44ᵃ top גופו דומה וכ׳ its color resembles that of the Sea, contradistinguished to ברייה shape; Massekheth Tsitsith edition Kirchheim p. 23. ↗ original
גּוּפָאbody. Targum I Samuel 31, 10; 12 (Hebrew text גויה). Targum Proverbs 17, 22 (Hebrew text גהה); and elsewhere—Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 ג׳ כולא (רבתי) the entire body (of the chicken). Shabbath 65ᵇ דלא לילפן ג׳ נכראה that they might not become used to bodily contact. self, substance etc. Betzah 3ᵃ, and frequently היא ג׳ גזרה this law is itself only a precautionary measure. Niddah 46ᵃ, and frequently הא ג׳ קשיא this contains a contradiction in itself. Gufa (text), a talmudical term used for taking up a text or subject after an interruption by a discussion or digression; our text says; returning to our subject, etc. Chullin 54ᵇ; and very frequently—Vayikra Rabbah section 5; section 6; section 8. [Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, 35ᵇ bottom of the page גוף ימא, read גֵּיף.]—plural גּוּפַיָּא, גּוּפֵי. Targum I Samuel 31, 12.—Zevachim 82ᵇ תרי ג׳ two subjects. ↗ original
*גּוֹפֶן (גפן, see H. Dictionary under the word) curve, trnsf. character of letters. Megillah 9ᵃ בג׳ שלנו in our (Hebrew) characters, בג׳ שלהן in their (foreign) characters. [Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) reads גיפן.]—Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, beginning 73ᵃ שהיתה כתובה גיגנטון, read: שתהיה כתובה בגוֹפְנָן it must be written in our characters (though in a foreign language). ↗ original
*גּוֹפָן a species of dill. Tosefta Kilayim 1, 1 [read:] השבת והג׳ anise and gof’nin.—2) late grapes. Demai 1, 1 (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition גופנן), explained Berachoth 40ᵇ שלהי גופני the late fruits of the grape-vine. [Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 21ᵈ top explains גופנן with שמירה (read שׁוּמָּרָה) dill; Maimonides ad loc. (on the passage): a species of vegetables similar to שבת, see above.] ↗ original
גּוֹפַן common gender Chaldaic (Aramaic) = Hebrew גֶּפֶן, vine, especially grape-vine. Targum Onkelos Genesis 49, 22 edition Berlin edition (some edition גּוֹפֶן, Yerushalmi (prefix) גּוּפן). Targum Ezek. 17, 7 גופנא fem. (the same place (ibid.) 6; 8 גֶּפֶן masculine). Targum Hosea 9, 10; and frequently—Vayikra Rabbah section 12 הדא ג׳ מסתמכ׳ וכ׳ the grape-vine is supported with so many reeds and props etc. the same place (ibid.) ג׳ מתקרייא וכ׳ the vine (with its product) goes by three names. the cotton-tree, עמרא דג׳cotton. Shabbath 110ᵇ. Gittin 69ᵇ ודעמר ג׳ and (rags) of cotton cloth. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 3, 64ᶜ bottom of the page a proselyte is like לעמרא (ד)ג׳ וכ׳ cotton, if you desire to combine it with wool, you may do so (without violating the law of כִּלְאַיִם) etc.—plural גּוּפְנַיָּא, גּוּפְנִין, גּוּפְנֵי. Targum Joel 1, 12. the same place (ibid.) 7 (edition Lagarde edition גפ׳). Targum Psalms 105, 33; and elsewhere—Berachoth 40ᵇ, see the preceding Bava Kamma 92ᵃ. Kethuboth 79ᵃ. Bava Bathra 69ᵇ; and frequently [Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 6, 4 מגופנין מַקליפין, read מִקְּ׳, מג׳ being a misplaced gloss to מגופנא. ↗ original
גּוֹפְנָאGofna, Gophna, fifteen miles northwest of Jerusalem (see Neubauer Geographie du Talmud, Paris 1868 p. 157). Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 69ᵃ bottom of the page; Echah Rabbah to 2, 2 גָּפְנָא. the same place (ibid.) to 1, 5 Vespasian went מסחי בהדא גפנא to take a bath at G.—Berachoth 44ᵃ גּוֹפְנִית (Munich manuscript גּוֹפְנִין).—Tosefta Oholoth 18, 16 בית גופנין. [Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 3, 6ᵃ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 7, 56ᵃ top, see גּוֹבְבָתָא.] ↗ original
גּוֹפֶר , see גפר) gofer, a resinous tree. Sanhedrin 108ᵇ, see זַבְלִיגָא. [Tanchuma Noah 5 (referring to Genesis 6, 14) identifies our word with ארזים.] ↗ original
גּוּפְרִיתָאsulphur. Targum Onkelos Genesis 19, 24; and elsewhere [Some edition גָּפְ׳.] 5. כַּבָּרִיתָא. ↗ original
גּוּץ 1 (compare גָּוַע) to gnaw (of mice). participle גָּיֵיץ, plural גָּיְיצֵי. Horayoth 13ᵃ ↗ original
גּוּץ 2 (see the preceding; compare קָוַץ) short, dwarfish. Berachoth 31ᵇ, see בָּלַע.—plural גּוֹצִים. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana V’zoth p. 200ᵃ ג׳ ממנו of a lower stature; (the same place (ibid.) Baḥod. p. 108ᵃ קווצים כיוצא בו; Sifré Deuteronomy 343 only קווצים; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 776; Exodus 286).—Fem. גּוּצָה. Yevamoth 106ᵇ הוא ארוך והיא ג׳ if he is very tall and she dwarfish. ↗ original
גּוּץ Targum Job 14, 1 (manuscript גזוז; Hebrew text קצר).—Bava Metzia 27ᵇ גופו דאריך או ג׳ Munich manuscript a. H. (edition דארוך) insufficient signs of the body for identification—e.g. ‘very tall’, ‘dwarfish’. Sanhedrin 109ᵇ כי ג׳ וכ׳ when he was short, they stretched him. Megillah 27ᵇ איניש ג׳ הוה was a very short man. Nedarim 50ᵇ ג׳ ורבה כריסיה short and very stout.—plural גּוּצֵי. Chullin 63ᵃ. Sotah 38ᵇ אריכי באפי ג׳ the tall in front of the small.—Fem. גּוּצָא. Bava Metzia 59ᵃ (proverb) אתתך ג׳ וכ׳ if thy wife is dwarf, bend down and listen to her (advice), see לְחַשׁ. ↗ original
גּוּר 1 (Biblical Hebrew) [to move around (compare סחר),] to be a stranger, sojourn, dwell. Sotah 36ᵇ גֹרֹא שגָֹּרֹ וכ׳ he is named Gera (Genesis 46, 21), because he (Joseph) dwells in exile; Bereshith Rabbah section 94. Yevamoth 96ᵇ is it possible לָגּוּר וכ׳ בשני to dwell (simultaneously) in two worlds? Shabbath 104ᵃ, see ג"ר. Sifré Deuteronomy 301 (referring to Deuteronomy 26, 5) מלמד … להשתקע אלא לָגוּר שם it proves that he (Jacob) did not go down to be permanently settled, but only to sojourn there; and frequently—Denom. גֵּר. Pi'el פִּעֵל גִּיֵּיר (denominative of גֵּר) to make a proselyte, to initiate into the Jewish faith. Bereshith Rabbah section 39 (referring to Genesis 12, 5 ‘the souls which they had made’) אלו הגרים שגִּיְּירוּ that means the proselytes they had made. the same place (ibid.) כל מי שמקרב … ומְגַיְּירוֹ וכ׳ whoever befriends a gentile and effects his conversion, is considered as though he had created him. Shabbath 31ᵃ גַּיְּירֵנִי וכ׳ make me a Jew with the condition etc.; and frequently [For גִּיֵּירto dress with lime, see גִּיר.] Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְגַּיֵּיר, , Nithpa. נִתְגַּיֵּירto become a proselyte. Berachoth 57ᵇ עתידים להִתְגַּיֵּיר they will adopt the Jewish faith. Yevamoth 47ᵇ גר שבא להתג׳ if a stranger comes (appears before Jewish authorities) desirous to become a Jew. Avodah Zarah 3ᵇ מִתְגַּיְּירִין shall ask to be admitted etc.; and frequently ↗ original
גּוּר Taanith 25ᵃ גָרֵי (גָּרוּ) בך גירי Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), edition Venice a. other (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 1, edition גָּיְרֵי) proselytes shall dwell with thee (in heaven); (for other version see גִּיר 3). Pa'el פִּעֵל גַּיֵּירto convert. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 12, 5, see the preceding Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 18, 7; 27; and elsewhere—Shabbath 31ᵃ גַּיְּירֵיה he accepted him for initiation. Yevamoth 76ᵃ גּיּיוּרֵי גַּיְּירָהּ he made her an Israelite. Bereshith Rabbah section 76, end לאו גַּיַּירְתֵּיה would she not have converted him?; and elsewhere Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִיתְגַּיַּיר, אִיגַּיַּירto reside as a stranger. Targum Leviticus 16, 29; and frequently to become a Jew, to embrace the Israelitish faith, to be converted. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 18, 6. Targum Psalms 68, 19; 32; and elsewhere ↗ original
גּוּר 2 (euphem., compare גּוּף Chaldaic (Aramaic)) to have illegitimate intercourse;(also as active see) to seduce. Targum Job 36, 20 תגור manuscript (edition תְגַיֵּר). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 20, 10 (O. גוף); and elsewhere—participle גָּיֵר, גָּיְרָא. Vayikra Rabbah section 3; Koheleth Rabbah to 4, 6 ג׳ בחזורין Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition גָּיְפָא), see גּוּף Chaldaic (Aramaic)—Avodah Zarah 10ᵇ הוה ליה ההיא ברתא דשמה גירא וכ׳ he (the emperor) had a daughter whose name was Gira (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גילא), and who did wrong (was seduced); he sent to him (Rabbi) גרגירא (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גרגילא) a gargira (rocket, play on גירא). Pa'el פִּעֵל גַּיֵּירto seduce. Targum Job 26, 20, see above. Targum Proverbs 6, 32 דגַיֵּיר איתתא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition דגָיֵיר בא׳). ↗ original
גּוּר 3 כרוך אחריו Chullin 78ᵇ) young animal, whelp, cub. Yalkut Shimoni Job 926 עלה ג׳ אחד וכ׳ a young (R’êm) appeared in Palestine; Bereshith Rabbah section 31 גורא א׳ (correct accordingly).—plural גּוּרִים. the same place (ibid.) גּוּרָיו וכ׳ his (the R’êm’s) whelps went into the ark. Bereshith Rabbah section 98 גבורה של … של גוריו the strength of the lion and the daring of his whelps.—גּוּר אַרְיֵה proper noun of a male person, see גּוּרְיָא 2. ↗ original
גּוּר ² Vayikra Rabbah section 19 (proverb) ג׳ טב מכלב ביש וכ׳ raise not a gentle cub of a vicious dog, much less a vicious cub etc.—[plural גּוּרֵי. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 2, 13ᵇ bottom of the page מן קל ג׳, probably גִּירֵי, see גִּיר 3.] ↗ original
גּוּרְגָּא (גרג) wicker-net used in vine and oil presses.—plural גּוּרְגֵּי. Avodah Zarah 75ᵃ (Munich manuscript indistinct: גמגדי, גוזגדי, or גודגדי). ↗ original
גּוֹרְדְּיָינִי (Gordianus) Gordian, name of a gold denar coined by one of the Roman emperors of that name. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 4, 41ᵈ top; Bamidbar Rabbah section 12; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 10 Diocletian possessed (of that sort of gold) משקל דינר ג׳ only the weight of a Gordian denar. Vayikra Rabbah section 7 כעובי דינר גרדיון היה בו (correct accordingly) the bronze plate on the altar was as thick as a G. denar; Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 3, end, 79ᵈ.—Shir HaShirim Rabbah the passage cited משקל גורדינון; Bamidbar Rabbah the passage cited משקל דינר גורדייני; Menachoth 29ᵃ דינר זהב קורדיקיני (corrupted קורדייני).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 4, 47ᵇ [read:] קרקע דינרא גרדיינא רביע מעות טרימיסא (edition דינר אגרמא … סרימיסין) for a piece of land bought for a Gordian denar,—if he chooses to pay to the original owner the due indemnity of the fourth portion in money (instead of land), he must pay him a tremis; compare Babylonian Gittin 58ᵇ רביע בקרקע שהן שליש במעות. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 2, 62ᵈ דינר קורדיינא; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 7, 31ᵈ top דינרא ק׳. Chullin 54ᵇ קורדינאה a. קורדנאה (correct accordingly). ↗ original
גּוּרְדְּלִי (גרד) scraper, scratcher, gurd’li, a nickname for an inferior white wine, adopted as a play on חרדלי a dark red wine (mustard-colored). Bereshith Rabbah section 98 יין חרדלי … יין ג׳ וכ׳ if thou drankest ḥard’li, thou drankest wine; if gurd’li, thou drankest bad wine. Shabbath 62ᵇ and the following (an obscene disguise for a fair-complected woman). ↗ original
גּוּרְיָא 1 (see גּוּר 3) cub, young lion. Sanhedrin 64ᵃ כג׳ דנורא fire in the form of a young lion.—plural גּוּרְיִין. the same place (ibid.) 95ᵃ (play on בֵּיתְרִי which see) when they came to Bethré, they said בין תרי ג׳ קטלין א׳ (read קטלן) Munich manuscript (edition בתרי ג׳ קטלוה לאריא, read בי תרי a. קטלן) between (us) two cubs (David and Abishai)—can we kill the lion (Goliath)? ↗ original
גּוּרְיָא 2 (see the preceding) proper noun of a male person (Abba) Gurya. Kiddushin 4, 13.—Mechilta Mishpat. 20 (edition Friedm. p. 104ᵃ; 109ᵃ) איסי בן גוריה; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 351; the same place (ibid.) 359 איסי בן גור אריה a. בן יהודה. ↗ original
גּוּרְיוֹןGuryon, Guryan. a Tannai (Abba) G. Kiddushin 4, 13.—2) an Amora. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 82ᵈ bottom of the page; and frequently—3) G. of Isporak. Temurah 30ᵇ; Bava Kamma 93ᵇ and the following ↗ original
גּוּרְיְתָא (see גּוּרְיָא) a young female cub (dog or lion). Eruvin 86ᵃ (proverb) נבח בך כלבא עול נבחא בך גוריתא וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition נבח בך גוריית׳, correct accordingly, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 400) if the dog barks at thee, go in; if the bitch barks at thee, go away, i.e. you can endure a quarrelsome son-in-law, but not a quarrelsome daughter-in-law. Shabbath 67ᵃ (in a charm formula) אאוסי דגורייתא (Rashi דגורית׳) on the nostrils of a lioness.—plural גּוּרְיָיתָא, גּוּרְיָאתָא. the same place (ibid.) 155ᵇ בג׳ זוטרי it means young dogs (which eat flesh with difficulty). Kethuboth 61ᵇ she plays בג׳ קיטנייתא with little cubs (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) קיסנייתא), see נרדשיר. [Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גוריתא, name of a bird, see גִּירוּתָא.] ↗ original
גּוֹרָל [a little ball or stone,] lot. Yoma 39ᵃ; and frequently—plural גּוֹרָלוֹת. the same place (ibid.) 4, 1; and frequently—Denom. הִגְרִילto cast lots. the same place (ibid.) 39ᵇ; and frequently 5. הַגְרָלָה. ↗ original
גּוֹרֶן common gender (Biblical Hebrew [collection,] (compare מְגוּרָה Haggai, Book of 2, 19) granary, threshing floor; harvesting season. Pesikta Rabbati section 10 הרי הג׳ בא when harvesting comes. the same place (ibid.) באתה הג׳ when harvest time came. the same place (ibid.) ומשיירים את החטים לג׳ and they reserved the wheat for storage; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 2; Bereshith Rabbah section 83, end; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 3 עד שתבוא הג׳; (נכנסו אל הג׳) באו לג׳. Tosefta Bava Metzia 8, 27; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 11ᵈ גּוֹרְנוֹ his store of pottery. Maasroth 1, 5 איזהו גָּרְנָן למעשרות (commentary or commentaries גּוֹרְנָן) what is their harvesting time for making them liable to tithes?—plural גְּרָנוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 1, 16ᶜ bottom of the page; and frequently (compare כְּרִי a. כֵּירָה) circle, meeting, court-room, court (see I Kings 22, 10). Pesikta Rabbati the passage cited; v, אִסְטְרוֹנְגִּילוֹן; Sanhedrin 4, 3. Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 11 the Lord will be seated כבג׳ as in a court; Vayikra Rabbah section 11 end כג׳ (correct accordingly); Shemoth Rabbah section 5 the Lord will seat the elders of Israel כג׳ as the Sanedrin used to be seated. the same place (ibid.) it is the habit of kings (councils) לישב כג׳ עגולה (read בג׳) to sit in a round court-room; Chullin 5ᵃ (referring to 2 Kings the passage cited) ג׳ ממש וכ׳ a real court,—אלא כי ג׳ but it means like the court (of the Sanedrin, referring to Sanhedrin the passage cited). Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 5, 11 גָּרְנָהּ של תורה the gathering for studying the Law (Vayikra Rabbah section 19; Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 964 רִנָּה). Cmp. אִדְּרָא. ↗ original
גּוּרְנָא , especially gathering of rain water, reservoir (Syriac (Peshitta) labrum lapideum in quo homines se abluant, Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 692). Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 2, 74ᵃ bottom of the page washed his hands and feet מן גּוֹרְנָהּ (with water) out of its (the Synagogue’s) reservoir. [variant reading גודנה incorr.] ↗ original
גּוּרְסַקGursak. Eruvin 29ᵃ (variant reading גורסאק, גורסקי, גורסיק, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 40). ↗ original
גּוּשׁ 1 (see גשש) to be hard, thick. 5. גִּישׁ. Af'el הִפְעִיל אָגֵישׁ , or אַגַּשׁ (frequently גשש) to harden, (with אפא) to be bold. Echah Rabbah to 1, 21 אָגַשְׁתּוּן אפיכון (or אַגַּשְׁתּוּן) Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition a. variant reading Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אקשיתון) have ye the hardihood (to come back to me)?; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Anokhi p. 138ᵇ חא אגשתון אפיכון Oxford manuscript a. Parma (edition ארגישתון). the same place (ibid.) אָגִישַׁת אפך Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Oxford manuscript a. Parma (edition ארגשת, Echah Rabbah the passage cited אקשית) hast thou etc.? ↗ original
גּוּשׁ 2 , see the preceding) something substantial, lump, clod, ball. Niddah 23ᵃ ההיא ג׳ איקרי such a shapeless fetus is called gush (a ball, stone). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 50ᵇ ג׳ של אדמה a clod of earth. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᵈ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, 35ᵇ bottom of the page ג׳ עפר a handfull of Palestine earth. Tohoroth 5, 1 ג׳ מארץ העמים a lump of imported clay, see Shabbath 14ᵇ.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Challah 3, 59ᵃ when the dough is formed into ג׳ אחד one cohesive mass; and frequently—plural גּוּשִׁין. Echah Rabbah to 1, 20 (explain. חמרמרו the same place (ibid.)) עשאן ג׳ ג׳ their bowels were pressed to lumps (see חמרם Exodus 8, 10). Bava Metzia 101ᵃ נעקרו בגוּשֵׁיהֶן they were uprooted with their clods of earth (attached to the roots). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 8, end 11ᵈ [read:] בששטפן בגושיהן when the river swept them away with their clods.—גּוּשׁ חֵלֶב proper noun of a place (Fat Ground) Gush-Heleb, Giscala (Neubauer Geographie du Talmud, Paris 1868 p. 230) in Galilee. Arachin 9, 6. Tosefta Menachoth 9, 5; and elsewhere—גּוּשׁ חֶלְבָּאֵי masculine plural inhabitants of Giscala. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Beshallach p. 94ᵃ; Koheleth Rabbah to 11, 2. ↗ original
גּוּשָׁא , especially ground, soil, contradistinguished to air, atmosphere. Nazir 54ᵇ; 55ᵃ (the same place (ibid.) 19ᵇ גושה). Shabbath 15ᵇ.—plural גּוּשַׁיָּיא. Niddah 20ᵃ בגוּשַׁיְיהוּ with their clods of ground. 5. גַּרְגֶּשְׁתָּא. ↗ original
גּוּשְׁמָא (גשם, compare גֶּשֶׁם) matter, substance, body. Targum Psalms 22, 21; and frequently—Targum Job 20, 20 (Hebrew text חמודו).—plural גּוּשְׁמִין, גּוּשְׁמַיָּיא. Targum 2 Chronicles 20, 24. Targum Psalms 88, 11; and elsewhere 5. גִּשְׁהָא. ↗ original
גושפנא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) in some edition under the word בלן, read גושפנקא, see Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) Aruch Completum (Kohut) section vv. ↗ original
גּוּשְׁפַּנְקָא (probably = גוש פנקאthe freeman’s lump or cylinder) signet; seal; signet-ring. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 1, 12. Targum Esther 3, 10; and frequently—Berachoth 6ᵃ בג׳ דפרזלא with an iron signet. Gittin 57ᵃ; 58ᵃ, see בִּלְיוֹנָא.—plural גּוּשְׁפַּנְקֵי. Shabbath 66ᵇ בשתין ג׳ with sixty seals. ↗ original
גּוּשְׁקְרָאwheat flour of the second course, dark flour, opposite חִיוָּרִיתָא. Gittin 56ᵃ. [Fleisher, appendix to Levys Targumic or Talmudic Lexicon to Levy Targum Dictionary 2, 570ᵇ refers to Arab. ḫushkâr, derived frequently the Persian, bran-bread.] a cotton-like plant. Shabbath 20ᵇ (variant reading קוש׳); see אַגְבִּין. ↗ original
גּוּתָאִי (compare גּוּנְתָּאִי) a Goth; servant, body-guard. plural גּוּתָיִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Horayoth 3, beginning 47ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 2, beginning 19ᵈ גנתן (correct accordingly). Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 1, 60ᶜ bottom of the page was leaning on תרי ג׳ two servants (Goths). ↗ original
גּוּתְיָיאGothia, the land of the Goths. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᵇ bottom of the page (explain. Magog); Targum I Chronicles 1, 5 (Vers. in edition Rahmer) גיתייא. 5. Neubauer Geographie du Talmud, Paris 1868 p. 422. ↗ original
גֵּזshorn wool, fleece,—רֵאשִׁית הַגֵּז the first shorn wool (the priest’s gift), Deuteronomy 18, 4). Chullin 11, 1; and elsewhere—plural גִּיזִּין. Bava Kamma 118ᵇ. see גִּיזָּה. ↗ original
גַּז (dialect. = עַז, compare Biblical Hebrew equivalent עזניה) gaz, name of a bird of prey, supposed to be the falcon. Chullin 3, 1 הגז Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition הגס). Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 3 הגס. [Alleged name of a species of bees, see הִגְזִין or חִגְזִין.] ↗ original
גַּזָּא Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 11, 13 (O. עַזְיָא). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 14, 12 (also in one word בַּרְגְּזָא; Yerushalmi (prefix) I בר גִּיזָּא). [גזי, Niddah 17ᵃ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see זַגָּא.] ↗ original
גִּזָּא (= גנזא; גנז; frequently which γάζα) treasure, collection. בי ג׳־treasury. Shabbath 63ᵃ ומשתכחא בי ג׳ וכ׳ Munich manuscript a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition בְּגַזָּאֵי) it is found in the treasury (among the collections) of queen etc. Yoma 51ᵃ בי ג׳ דאהרן Aaron’s (the Highpriest’s) fund. Horayoth 9ᵃ דיליך או דג׳ (Munich manuscript דידיך דג׳, insert או, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) from thy (the Highpriest’s) private money or from the fund?—Meïl. 17ᵇ עולו לבי ג׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition עיילינהו לגניזה) go ye into the treasury (he took them to etc.). Chullin 139ᵃ wherever the vowed sacrifice stands, בבי ג׳ דרחמנא וכ׳ it is in the Lord’s treasury (it is to be considered as if its delivery had taken place).—[גִּזָּא Berachoth 40ᵃ; 40ᵇ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see גַּוָּוזָא I.] ↗ original
גִּזְבָּר (late Biblical Hebrew;, with format. ר) manager, treasurer. Shemoth Rabbah section 21 עשיתיך ג׳ עליו I have appointed thee its (the Sea’s) commander. Shemoth Rabbah section 51 ג׳ לעצמו sole treasurer. Shabbath 31ᵇ. Tosefta Horayoth 2, 10 אמרכל קודם לגי׳ the Amarkhal in the Temple is of a higher rank than the Gizbar; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 48ᵇ ליגבר (correct accordingly); and frequently—plural גִּזְבָּרִים, גִּזְבָּרִין, גִּיזְ׳. Meïl. 3, 8. Shekalim 5, 2; and frequently—Fem. גִּזְבָּרִית. Shabbath 62ᵃ אשה ג׳ a woman engaged as treasurer (wearing a signet ring). ↗ original
גִּזְבָּרָא Targum Esther 10, 3 ג׳ וסבא commander and elder (Hebrew text גדול). ↗ original
גָּזוֹרָא (גזר) circumciser, surgeon.— plural גְּזוֹרַיָּא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 5, 30ᵃ אנא חכים לגזירה וכ׳ (corrupted לגְזוֹרַיָּה) I (as an infant) could distinguish the surgeons that attended me at circumcision. ↗ original
*גְּזוֹרִיof Gezer(?), see גְּזוֹרָאָה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᵃ top ר׳ יודן גזו׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 3, end, 59ᵃ ר׳ יודה גוז׳. [Cmp. גּוֹזֵר.] ↗ original
גְּזוּרְתָּא (גזר) circumcision, feast of circumcision; the circumcised membrum. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 4, 25 and the following Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 24, 25 גּוּז׳; see גְּזֵירְתָא.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 3, 53ᵃ גזורה דר׳ וכ׳ the feast of circumcision at R. etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, 42ᶜ top יהב נפשיה על ג׳ he staked his life for the ceremony of circumcision. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 72ᵇ bottom of the page חמי גְזוּרְתִּי see that I am circumcised; the same place (ibid.) 3, 74ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 29ᶜ גזיר׳; Koheleth Rabbah to 9, 10 גזרתי. ↗ original
גָּזַז (Biblical Hebrew) to cut, shear. Pesikta Rabbati section 11 (play on גינת אגוז, Song of Songs 5, 11) הגינה שאני גוזז אותה וכ׳ the garden which I trim at all times. the same place (ibid.) when they sin מיד אני גוֹזְזָם I cut (punish) them at once; Yalkut Shimoni Song of Songs 992.—Chullin 138ᵃ הא צאנו לָגוֹז but when he hires his (the gentile’s) sheep for shearing (Rashi לִגְזוֹז). the same place (ibid.) לגזוז; and elsewhere—participle passive גָּזוּז (see גִּזָּה) covered with fleece. Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 9 a time will come when the wolf להיות ג׳ וכ׳ shall have a fleece of fine wool. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִגְזַזto be cut, trimmed, shorn. ʿUktsin 1, 4 את שדרכם לִיגָּזֵז וכ׳ those plants which usually are cut but which have been taken out with their roots. Pesikta Rabbati the passage cited; Yalkut Shimoni the passage cited כל דבר שהוא נ׳ מיד וכ׳ whatever (plant) is cut (trimmed) soon drives new shoots and grows better. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 6, 11 מה האגוזה נִגְזֶזֶת וכ׳ as the nuttree is trimmed and shoots anew. the same place (ibid.) כצפרנים הללו שנִּגְזָזִין וכ׳ as the nails are cut and grow again, כך כל מה שישראל נגזזין מעמלן וכ׳ so the more Israel is shorn of his worldly toil and given up to the toils of the study of the Law. ↗ original
גְּזַזsame. Targum Genesis 38, 13 למִיגַּז edition Berlin edition (Yerushalmi (prefix) למִיגַז). Targum Deuteronomy 15, 19 תִיגּוֹז edition Berlin edition (Yerushalmi (prefix) תֵיגוֹז); and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᵃ. Sukkah 30ᵃ bottom of the page לא תִגְזְזוּ אתון לִגְזְזוּהָ אינהו וכ׳ (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) do ye not cut (the myrtle) yourselves, but let them cut it. Chullin 138ᵃ מעידנא דאתחיל למֵיגַז from the time he commenced shearing; and elsewhere—Betzah 6ᵃ, see גְּזִי. Niddah 17ᵃ גָּז מידי וכ׳ if he cut something else afterwards.—participle passive גְּזִיזcut, broken, shortened. Targum Psalms 72, 6 עסבא דג׳ (Munich manuscript גייז) grass eaten up etc. (Hebrew text גֵז). Targum Song of Songs 4, 2. Targum Job 14, 1, see גּוּצָא.—*Yoma 78ᵇ מאני גְזִיזֵי דפחרא defective earthen vessels (Munich manuscript 1 פזיזי, 2 a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) נזיזי, manuscript L. מאני, דפחרא בזוזא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)). to cross, pass (see גוז). Targum Isaiah 51, 10; and frequently, see גּוּז.—Ruth Rabbah to 3, 13 גָּזֵיז בשוקא וכ׳ passing the street on horse-back; (Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 8 גייז). Pesachim 111ᵇ לגְזוּזֵי לה (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) to go out of its way, see גזי. Vayikra Rabbah section 12 גזוז נטוריא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) (other edition גזון, different interpretation or differently interpreted version in edition) the watchmen are past. to castrate. Bava Metzia 90ᵇ top Munich manuscript, see גְּנַח 2. Pa'el פִּעֵל גַּזֵּיזto cut into, interrupt. Echah Rabbah to 1, 3 ג׳ סוגיא וכ׳ interrupts the study of the midday, see בְּזַז I. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְגְּזִיזto be cut. Targum Amos 7, 1. ↗ original
גַּזָּז (the preceding) wool-cutter.— plural גַּזָּזִין. Bereshith Rabbah section 86, end, will you import ג׳ בדמשק wool-cutters to Damascus? (Mattnoth Khunnah גְּזָזִיןwool). ↗ original
גָּזְזִין (= Biblical Hebrew גֹּזְזִים; גזז) (feast of) wool-shearing. Targum Genesis 38, 12 גָּזְזֵי (Yerushalmi (prefix) גּוֹ׳). Targum I Samuel 25, 7 גזזין edition Lagarde edition (edition גוז׳); 11 גָּזְזַי. Targum 2 Samuel 13, 23 and the following גזוזין edition Lagarde edition (edition גְּזָז׳). ↗ original
גְּזֵי (see גזז) to cut. Shabbath 150ᵇ למִיגְזָא ליה אסא (Munich manuscript למיגז, see גְּזַז) to cut a myrtle branch for one (attending a wedding, Rashi לה for the bride); the same place (ibid.) למיגזא ליה גלימא (Munich manuscript למיגז, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word גד: למיגד ‘to cut’, see גדד, or ‘to sew’, see אֲגַד I) to cut a shroud for the dead; Betzah 6ᵃ למיגז (Munich manuscript למיגד, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). Sanhedrin 106ᵃ (proverb) when the camel asked for horns, אודנין דהוו ליה גָּזְיִין מיניה they cut off the ears he had. the same place (ibid.) 96ᵃ אִיגְזְיָיךְ אנא I myself will cut thy hair. Sukkah 37ᵇ אתי למִגְזַיֵּיה he may be induced to cut it (Munich manuscript למיכל … למיתלש). Gittin 3ᵃ אתי למיגזייה he may cut it short, i.e. say only a portion of a lengthy legal formula, see גּוּז. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, 47ᵇ top ומה דאת גָּזֵי גְזֵי and what crop thou mayest cut, cut, i.e. enjoy the crop as my tenant; and elsewhere to pass, go out of one’s way. Pesachim 111ᵇ לגְזוּיֵי לה Rashi, see גְּזַז. the same place (ibid.) וגזי לה (Munich manuscript גייז ליה, see גּוּז) he went out of the demon’s way.—Targum Jeremiah 8, 6 דגָזְיָא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word גז 4 (edition גזר, corrupted גזי) which passes swiftly (Hebrew text שוטף). to deal out, dispense, repay. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Zakhor p. 24ᵇ [read:] למִיגְזֵי לטבא טיבותיה ולמ׳ לבישא בישותיה (see Buber edition note 68 and the following) to repay the good man his goodness etc.; Tanchuma Ki Thetsé 6 למזגיה (correct accordingly); edition Buber edition the same place (ibid.); Treatise Sof’rim 14, 7 למזגא, למגוא (correct accordingly); Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 719.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 69ᶜ top וגזי ליה and he (R. Ba bar Zabda) retaliated to him (R. Elazar) his refutation; Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 70ᶜ top וגזה ליה. Pa'el פִּעֵל גַּזֵּיto cut, design. Targum Isaiah 44, 13. ↗ original
גְּזִיזָא (גזז) cut off, whence branch, club. Sanhedrin 7ᵃ אדייה לגְּזִיזֵיה וכ׳ lifted up his club and stood (against me; Rashi: his fist). Bava Kamma 5ᵃ תבריה ר"ע לגזיזיה R. Akiba has broken the force of his club (Rashi: fist), i.e. modified his opinion; the same place (ibid.) 42ᵇ piece. ג׳ דברדאa piece of ice. Targum I Chronicles 11, 22 תבר ג׳ דב׳ וכ׳ he cut a hole in the ice and bathed; Berachoth 18ᵇ גְּזִיזֵי.—plural גְּזִיזֵי. the same place (ibid.) 59ᵃ גְּזִיזַיָּיה דברדא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition גזיזי דברזא) hail-stones (Munich manuscript בְּזִיזַיָּה דנורא or בְּזָאַיָּה, Manuscript Florence גְּזִירֵי, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). ↗ original
גְּזִיזָה (גזז) shearing wool. Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 750 (Korah, beginning) זמן הג׳ (Midrash Tehillim to Psalms I זמן גיזה) the season of shearing. Chullin 135ᵃ מחוסר ג׳ וכ׳ wants shearing, redemption etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 74; section 85; Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 23 כל מקום שנ׳ ג׳ וכ׳ wherever shearing is mentioned in biblical accounts, it marks (an important epoch). (= חתיכה, see the preceding) piece, shred.— plural גְּזִיזוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Orlah 3, 63ᵃ top (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) diction) what profit is it to him גזים גזיזית (read … זוֹת) to cut it into shreds? ↗ original
גַּזְיָיתָא (גזי) cuts (of the road), paths, narrow passages. Pesachim 19ᵇ (Munich manuscript גויי׳, clerical error). the same place (ibid.) 113ᵃ top of the page ↗ original
גָּזֵילָא Targum Leviticus 5, 21 (Yerushalmi (prefix) גְּזוֹלָא); and elsewhere—plural גְּזֵילַיָּיא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 10, beginning 7ᵇ אזל תניה לג׳ the Tannai (Tosefta Bava Metzia 5, 26) goes over (from usurers’ gains) to robbed objects.—plural feminineגְּזֵילָתָא, גְּזֵלָ׳. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 5, 7. ↗ original
גְּזֵילָהrobbery, robbed object, illegitimate gain. Bava Kamma 98ᵇ משלם כשעת הג׳ he must make retribution according to the value of the object at the time it was robbed. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 10, 7ᵇ bottom of the page ג׳ מפורסמת a well-known robbery or robbed object. Treatise Smachoth, Treatise Chaldaic (Aramaic) 9 מרובה גְזֵילַת המת וכ׳ severer is the crime of robbery (or wrong) committed against a dead person etc.—plural גְּזֵילוֹת, גְּזֵלוֹת. Sanhedrin 1, 1 ג׳ וחבלות law-suits of larceny and mayhem. Gittin 55ᵇ that it may not be said מזבח אוכל ג׳ the altar receives illegitimately acquired goods; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, 47ᵇ top of the page—Kethuboth 105ᵃ; the same place (ibid.) 13, 1 דייני ג׳ Yerushalmi (prefix) edition (Babylonian גזירות) judges in suits of robbery; Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 105ᵃ (harmonizing the two versions) גוזרי גזירות על ג׳ decreeing fines in cases of robbery. [Targum Song of Songs 6, 6 גְּזֵלָה a. גְּזֵילוֹת Hebrew forms.] ↗ original
גזירה , Echah Rabbah to 4, 7, see גִּיזְרָה.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 5, 30ᵃ חכים לג׳, see גָּזוֹרָא. ↗ original
גְּזִירִיפַּטֵּי (ἀζαραπατεῖς, Pers. hazâr paiti; see Perl. Et. St. p. 118, a. authorities quoted the same place (ibid.)) name of a class of oppressive Persian officers (chiliarchi). Taanith 20ᵃ. Sanhedrin 98ᵃ; Shabbath 139ᵃ. [Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גאזי דפטי, גזי דפ׳; variant reading גזיר פ׳, גזיר דפ׳, גרז דיפטי, גיזרפטי, גוזרפ׳ etc., see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) common gender] ↗ original
גְּזֵירְתָא (גזר) circumcision, foreskin, see גְּזוּרְתָּא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Exodus 4, 25 and the following (some edition גְּזֵירָ׳). (= Hebrew גְּזֵרָה) decree, edict, ordinance. Targum Exodus 5, 14 גְּזֵירַתְכוֹן your decreed task. Targum I Kings 10, 25 גְּזֵירַת וכ׳ the decreed (tax) of every year. Targum Onkelos Exodus 1, 8; and frequently—Gittin 55ᵇ ג׳ קמייתא the first (Roman) decree (after the capture of Jerusalem). Avodah Zarah 35ᵃ כי גזרי ג׳ וכ׳ when they published a (religious) enactment in Palestine.—plural גְּזֵירָתָא. Targum Job 14, 5. ↗ original
גָּזִיתhewn stone; wall of squared stones. Bava Bathra 1, 1, contradistinguished to גְּוִיל. Bava Metzia 117ᵇ; and frequently—לשכת הג׳ the cell of Gazith, name of a Temple compartment, the seat of the Great Sanedrin. Middoth 5, 4; and frequently—Transferred אבן ג׳ (squared stone), a plain interpreter of Bible texts (Midrash). Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 28; 2ᵈ version Chaldaic (Aramaic) 46. ↗ original
גָּזַל (Biblical Hebrew) to tear away, rob (with accus. of person or of object); to take illegitimately. Bava Kamma 10, 5 הגּוֹזֵל שדה מ־ he who robs a field from his neighbor (takes forcible possession). the same place (ibid.) 6 הגוזל את וכ׳ he who robs his neighbor (takes illegitimately what belongs to his neighbor). the same place (ibid.) 7 גְּזַלְתִּיךָ I have wronged thee (and owe thee retribution). Berachoth 35ᵇ כאילו גוֹזֵל להקב"ה as though he robbed the Lord. Taanith 16ᵃ ג׳ מריש ובנאו בבירה if one robbed a beam and placed it in a large building; and very frequently—participle גּוֹזֵל robber, plural גּוֹזְלִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 3, 14ᵃ bottom of the page האומנין והג׳ וכ׳ mechanics (who take working material to their homes) and robbers cannot claim the right of possession, see חֲזָקָה.—participle passive גָּזוּל robbed, illegitimately acquired. Sukkah 3, 1; and frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נִגְזַלto be robbed (of object taken, or of person deprived). Bava Kamma 95ᵃ, and elsewhere קרקע אינה נִגְזֶלֶת landed property cannot be robbed, i.e. can never become legitimate property by the law of limitation, see יִאוּשׁ.—participle נִגְזָלthe person robbed of his property, claimant. Shevuoth 7, 1; and frequently ↗ original
גְּזַל 1 Targum Leviticus 5, 23; and elsewhere—Bava Kamma 103ᵃ מִיגְזַל גַזְלוּהָ they acquired it illegitimately. the same place (ibid.) 96ᵃ; and frequently—[גזל to spin, Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 35, 26, quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word כש 3, read עזל.] ↗ original
גָּזֵלrobbery, wrong, oppression. Shabbath 32ᵇ בעוון ג׳ וכ׳ as a punishment for the crime of oppression, the locust rises etc. (referring to Amos 4, 1 a. 9). Bereshith Rabbah section 31, beginning שׁטופים בזימה ובג׳ steeped in lust and violence. Pesachim 113ᵇ Canaan bequeathed to his sons … אהבו את הג׳ love ye violence. Bava Kamma 80ᵇ אין בו משום ג׳ the law of robbery does not apply to it (it is not private property). Eruvin 100ᵇ we should have learned ג׳ מנמלה the regard of property from the ant. Bava Kamma 109ᵃ עד שיוציא גְּזֵילוֹ וכ׳ until he dispossesses himself of his robbery. the same place (ibid.) שיוציא גזילה (correct accordingly). the same place (ibid.)ᵇ גזילו יוצא וכ׳ his robbery must go out of his possession. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 2, 8ᶜ גזילו של גוי וכ׳ what has been illegitimately taken from a gentile, is forbidden (must be restored). Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 4, 45ᶜ מפני ג׳ השבט in order to protect the (priestly) tribe from loss; Yerushalmi (prefix) Orlah 2, 61ᵈ bottom of the page מפני גיל השבט (correct accordingly); and frequently ↗ original
גזלי , Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 1, 8ᵃ bottom of the page ג׳ הדיינין, see גּוֹזָל↗ original
גַּזְלָן (גזל) robber. Bava Kamma 62ᵃ (defin.) חמסן … ג׳ לא יהיב וכ׳ḥamsan (violent man) is one who (takes by force and) pays; gazlan—who takes without paying. Sanhedrin 26ᵇ ג׳ דאורייתא a robber in the strict (Biblical) sense; ג׳ דרבנן a robber in a wider (Rabbinical) sense, e.g. a gambler etc.; the same place (ibid.) 25ᵇ.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 8, 26ᵇ he who takes an object in the presence of witnesses is called thief (גַּנָּב), he who takes in the owner’s presence—ג׳ a robber; see Bava Kamma 79ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 2, 62ᵇ bottom of the page כל המשנה וכ׳ he who changes the use of a loaned object without the owner’s consent נקרא גו׳ is called a robber. the same place (ibid.) 1, 60ᶜ top גו׳; and frequently—plural גַּזְלָנִים, גַּזְלָנִין, גּוֹזְלָ׳. Sanhedrin the passage cited the same place (ibid.) 38ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original
גַּזְלָנָא Bava Bathra 30ᵇ; and elsewhere—plural גַּזְלָנִין, גַּזְלָנֵי. Sanhedrin 26ᵇ. Bava Kamma 79ᵇ ↗ original
גַּזְלָנוּת (the preceding) robbery. Bava Bathra 47ᵃ הוחזק על שדה זו בג׳ (not החזיק, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) he is known as possessing this field through illegitimate means. ↗ original
גַּזְלָנוּתָא Sanhedrin 23ᵇ ערער דג׳ an objection raised against the fitness of witnesses on account of their illegitimate trade. the same place (ibid.) 27ᵃ פסלינהו בג׳ they disqualified them by denouncing them for robbery. ↗ original
גָּזַם (see גזז) to cut, trim. Pi'el פִּעֵל גִּזֵּםto cut branches off (for letting the sap drip), to tap. Avodah Zarah 50ᵇ אין מְגַזְּמִין you must not tap (in the festive week or in the Sabbath year). Transferred (compare Biblical Hebrew קרץ a. Targum Proverbs 16, 30) to threaten mischief. Bamidbar Rabbah section 14 שהיא מְגַזֶּמֶת לעשות לו which she was threatening to do unto him. ↗ original
גְּזַםto cut. Yerushalmi (prefix) Orlah 3, 63ᵃ top גָּזֵים וכ׳, see גְּזִיזָה. to threaten. Targum Proverbs 16, 30 (Hebrew text קרץ). Shevuoth 46ᵃ עביד איניש דגזים וכ׳ a man frequently threatens mischief and does not do it. the same place (ibid.) הכי נמי ג׳ וכ׳ (not דג׳, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) in this case, too, he may have threatened and not done it. to speak hyperbolically. Bava Metzia 104ᵇ, see גּוּזְמָא. ↗ original
*גָּזַע (compare גָּדַע) to cut off, lop off. [Bereshith Rabbah section 12 גזעה קומתו, read גָּוְעָה, see גָּוע.] ↗ original
גֶּזַע the preceding) trunk, stem, stump; that which grows out of the trunk, shoot. Bava Bathra 5, 4 העולה מן הג׳ whatever shoots out of the trunk, opposite שרשים; defined the same place (ibid.) 82ᵃ כל שרואה … מן הג׳ whatever sees (when shooting) the light of day is ‘from the geza’ (and belongs to the owner of the tree). the same place (ibid.) דקל אין לו ג׳ a date tree has no geza, i.e. the purchaser of a date tree has no claim on shoots growing out of the trunk; the same place (ibid.) אין לו ג׳ לבעל הדקל לפי שאין לו ג׳ Munich manuscript (edition שאין מוציא ג׳, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) the owner … has no claim etc., because the stump of a date-tree has no shoots. the same place (ibid.) 80ᵇ אין גִּזְעָן מחליף their stump grows no new shoots. Niddah 55ᵃ שער … גִּזְעוֹ מחליף hair, if cut, grows again. the same place (ibid.) בשר ג׳ מחליף flesh, if cut, regenerates; and frequently—Transferred (of persons) ג׳ ישישיםa shoot, offspring of worthy men Moed Katan 25ᵇ ↗ original
גָּזַר see גזז; compare גדר) to cut; see גּוֹזֵר. to cut off, to guard; see גִּיזְרָה a. גְּזֵרָה;—in a transferred sense to institute a precautionary measure(גְּזֵרָה); to enact a prohibition, to decree (mostly in a restrictive sense). Shabbath 1, 4 ושמנה … גָּזְרוּ בו ביום they issued eighteen enactments on that day. the same place (ibid.) 14ᵇ ג׳ טומאה על וכ׳ declared metal vessels (of gentiles) unclean (even when broken and remolten, see the same place (ibid.) 16ᵇ). the same place (ibid.) 17ᵇ גזרו על פתן משום וכ׳ they prohibited their (the gentiles’) bread in order to prevent the use of their oil etc. the same place (ibid.) 30ᵃ מלך בו"ד גּוֹזֵר גזירה a mortal king issues a decree. Berachoth 61ᵇ גָּזְרָה מלכות הרשעה שמד על ישראל שלא וכ׳ Munich manuscript (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) the wicked (Roman) government decreed religious persecution over Israel, that they should not study the Law etc. Rosh Hashanah 18ᵇ גזרו תענית they ordered a public fast. the same place (ibid.) 2, 9 גּוֹזְרַנִי עליך וכ׳ I order thee to come to me etc. Yoma 67ᵇ (referring to גזרה, Leviticus 16, 22) אני ה׳ גְּזַרְתִּיו וכ׳ I, the Lord, have ordained it; and very frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נִגְזַרto be decreed, ordained. Rosh Hashanah 17ᵇ נִגְזְרָה גזירה it has been decreed. Berachoth 58ᵇ; and frequently Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְגַּזֵּרto be cut to pieces. Yoma the passage cited (referring to גזרה, Leviticus the passage cited) דבר המִתְגַּזֵּר where an object thrown down is shattered to pieces. [ to be cut off, be steep. the same place (ibid.) manuscript 2 מקום המתג׳ a steep place.] ↗ original
גְּזַרto cut, split. Targum Psalms 74, 13 (Hebrew text פרר). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 25, 3 and the following (Hebrew text זמר); and elsewhere—Bava Kamma 81ᵇ גזרתינהו לשקך וכ׳ edition (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גַּזְרִית, Manuscript Rome גַּזְרִי, Manuscript Florence אַגְזַרְתִּינְהוּ Af'el) I should have split thy shoulder with the iron weapon (i.e. should have excommunicated thee).—ג׳ קיימא to make a covenant (Hebrew כָּרַת בְּרִית). Targum Genesis 15, 18; and frequently to circumcise, have one’s self circumcised. Targum Genesis 17, 10; 11; and frequently—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 19, 23 ג׳ גזרא (Hebrew text ערל ערלה, see עָרְלָה).—participle passive גְּזִיר, plural גְּזִירִין. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 17, 13. Targum Joshua 5, 5; and elsewhere—Makkoth 11ᵃ (proverb) שכם נסיב ומבגאי גזיר (Bereshith Rabbah section 80 ומגבאי קטע) Shechem wants to marry (Dinah), and Mabgai (his subject) must submit to circumcision. Bereshith Rabbah the passage cited גְּזוֹר be thou circumcised. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 3, 64ᵈ bottom of the page מהו מִיגְזוֹר וכ׳ how about circumcising … on the Sabbath? Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 19, 16ᵈ bottom of the page הוה ליה עובדא למיגזור וכ׳ had a case, when he was to have his son … circumcised (on a Sabbath). Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 72ᵇ bottom of the page אזל וג׳ he (Antoninus) went and had himself circumcised; (Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 29ᶜ וגייר גרמיה); Koheleth Rabbah to 9, 10 הוה גזיר was circumcised; and frequently to decree; to enact a prohibition as a precautionary measure, to prohibit, guard. Targum Job 22, 28; and elsewhere Targum Isaiah 21, 17 גְזִיר כן it is so decreed.—Avodah Zarah 36ᵃ ואתי אינהו וגָזוּר וכ׳ and they came and forbade (gentile bread etc.) even in the field. Shabbath 14ᵃ גַּזְרֵי ביה … טומאה declared him unclean.—the same place (ibid.) 53ᵇ ולא גַזְרִינָן דילמא וכ׳ and we do not prohibit it (from fear) lest he may etc. Avodah Zarah 38ᵇ גזרינן הא אטו הא we may forbid one thing in order to ward off from another thing; and very frequently 5. גְּזֵרָה. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְגְּזַר, אִתְגְּזֵירto be cut off. Targum Job 18, 14; and elsewhere—manuscript מתגייר׳; Hebrew text יתמלל׳. Targum Psalms 58, 8 (variant reading מתגורר׳). to be decreed. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 8, 4; and elsewhere ↗ original
גָּזָר , construct state (גזר) גְּזַרdecree, גְּזַר דִּיןsentence, legal decision, divine dispensation. Kethuboth 8ᵇ אפי׳ נחתם לו ג׳ ד׳ של וכ׳ even if a divine decree granting seventy years of happiness were sealed to him; Shabbath 33ᵃ. Vayikra Rabbah section 26 בלי שטר ובלי ג׳ ד׳ without a note of indebtedness and without a judicial verdict. the same place (ibid.) כמה גזר דין, corrupted גִּזְרֵי דינין.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 3, 21ᵈ top עבדון ליה ג׳ ד׳ the court passes sentence over him; and frequently—plural גִּזְרֵי דינין, גִּיזְ׳. Vayikra Rabbah the passage cited Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 82ᵃ bottom of the page (explained גזירות ב"ד, Mishnah the same place (ibid.) 3, 3) אילו גי׳ ד׳ that means judicial verdicts. ↗ original
גֶּזֶר (גזר) piece (of wood), log, club. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 9, 39ᵃ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 6, end, 50ᵇ מביא גי׳ אחד he may offer one log; (Babylonian edition variant reading גזיר).—plural גְּזָרִין, גִּיזְרִין, גְּזִירִין. Tamid 2, 3. Yoma 2, 5 גְּזִירֵי עצים; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith the passage cited; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim the passage cited גיזירי (correct accordingly); Babylonian edition גזרי. Tosefta Kelim Bava Kamma 1, 6 פצעין את מוחו בגזי׳ they split his scull with clubs; Sanhedrin 9, 6 בגזי׳ Mishnah; the same place (ibid.) 82ᵇ בגיז׳; Taanith 18ᵇ בגיז׳; (Sifra Emor Parah 8, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 9 בבקעיות, see בְּקַעַת); Koheleth Rabbah to 3, 17 בגזי׳; and elsewhere ↗ original
גִּזְרָא, I Chaldaic (Aramaic) same, piece; club. Bava Kamma 81ᵇ ג׳ דפרזלי (Manuscript Hamburg a. F. גְזִירֵי, R. גִיזְרֵי), see גְּזַר.—plural גְּזִי׳, גִּזְרִין, גִּזְרֵי, גִּיזְ׳ (see the preceding). Targum I Kings 3, 25 לתרין ג׳ (edition Lagarde edition only לתרין) into two pieces (Hebrew text לשנים). what is to be cut (Hebrew עָרְלָה). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 19, 23, see גְּזר. (compare גְּזֵרָה) a guard. Shabbath 54ᵇ דעבדו ליה לגי׳ (a strap on the foot of the ass) which is put on him as a guard (against knocking the feet against one another). ↗ original
גִּזְרָא ² (compare Hebrew גּוֹדְרוֹת) sheep in folds, fold, flock. Targum Proverbs 30, 31 בית גיז׳ manuscript (edition גיורא) between the flock.—plural construct state גִּזְרֵי. Targum I Kings 20, 27 (Hebrew text חשיפי). ↗ original
גִּזְרָהenclosure; balcony. Oholoth 14, 1, see גְּזוּזְטְרָא; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 3, 34ᶜ bottom of the page, see גִּבְלִית.—plural (from גִּזְרִית) גִּזְרִיּות. Oholoth 8, 2 Mishnah (Talmud edition גְּזִירִיּוֹת, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גזוזטראות, R. Hai Gaon גִיזְרָאוֹת, see Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) Aruch Completum (Kohut) 2, p. 264, note 3).—2) (compare גָּזִית a. גָּזִיר) hewn stone block. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Aniya p. 135ᵇ (referring to ספיר גזרתם, Lamentations 4, 7, see Buber edition note 24) כל ג׳ וג׳ וכ׳ every block which will be placed in the future Jerusalem, will be as handsome as sapphire; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 339 גְּזִירָה; Echah Rabbah to the passage cited כל גזירה וגזי׳ שהיתה וכ׳ every stone block in Jerusalem was as hard as sapphire. ↗ original
גְּזֵרָהa secluded and narrow place, dale, precipice. Yoma 67ᵇ ומנין שבצוק ת"ל ג׳ and how do we know that the place (Azazel) must be precipitous? We read g’zerah (Leviticus 16, 22) ; Sifra Aḥaré Parah 2, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 2 Bereshith Rabbah section 98, beginning איזה לשם ואיזה לג׳ which (goat) for the Lord and which for the precipice.—2) decree, edict, divine dispensation; (in an evil sense) persecution by foreign governments. Sifra the passage cited Chaldaic (Aramaic) 6, Parah 5 יכול יהא גְּזֵרַת מלך lest you may think it is a royal ordinance (the reason of which is not known); see version in Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 576. Bamidbar Rabbah section 19 ג׳ גזרתי … על גְּזֵרָתִי I have decreed it, thou art not permitted to transgress my decree (though knowing no reason).—Rosh Hashanah 18ᵇ גְּזֵרַת המלכות (Munich manuscript שמד) political persecution. Shabbath 145ᵇ to reflect איזו ג׳ קשה אביא וכ׳ what hard dispensation to send them; and frequently a rabbinical enactment issued as a guard (see גֶּדֶר), preventive measure; in gen. prohibition, restriction. Bava Bathra 60ᵇ, and elsewhere אין גוזרין ג׳ על וכ׳ we must not impose a restriction on the public which the majority can not endure. Betzah 2ᵇ, and frequently ג׳ משום וכ׳ it is prohibited in order to prevent etc. the same place (ibid.) 3ᵃ ג׳ לג׳ a guard to a guard, i.e. a preventive measure enacted in order to prevent the violation of another preventive measure; and frequently—plural גְּזֵרוֹת, גְּזֵירוֹת. Bava Bathra the passage cited ג׳ רעות וקשות Munich manuscript (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) bad and severe enactments (persecutions). Shabbath 30ᵃ Moses, our teacher גזר כמה ג׳ issued so many restrictions. Makkoth 24ᵃ ארבע ג׳ גזר וכ׳ four hardships did Moses pronounce over Israel. Eruvin 21ᵇ הרבה ג׳ גזרתי על עצמי וכ׳ many restrictions did I (Israel) impose upon myself beyond those which thou (the Lord, in the Torah) etc. Pesachim 87ᵇ, see אֲרָם; and frequently—Moed Katan 3, 3, see גָּזָר. (logics) category, especially ג׳ שָׁוָהG’zerah shavah, an equal or identic category, i.e. an analogy between two laws established on the basis of verbal congruities in the texts, e.g. Pesachim 66ᵃ, נאמר מועדו בפסח וכ׳ the Passover law contains the word moădo (due season, Numbers 11, 2) and the law concerning the daily sacrifices uses the same word (the same place (ibid.) 28, 2): as the word moădo in the latter indicates that it applies also to the Sabbath day (superseding the ordinary Sabbath law concerning labor), so does it in the former intimate that it supersedes the Sabbath law (if the eve of Passover occurs on a Sabbath). the same place (ibid.) אין אדם דן ג"ש מעצמו you cannot establish an analogy from congruent expressions of your own accord, i.e. it must be authorized by tradition that the verbal congruity is applied to a certain analogy and no other.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 11, 11ᵈ top ג"ש במקום שבאת an analogy can be drawn wherever it occurs, i.e. a textual analogy once established must be carried through all details; the same place (ibid.) 8, 9ᶜ bottom of the page ג"ש במקום שכתוב (correct accordingly); Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 4, 65ᵈ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 9, 26ᵈ bottom of the page; and elsewhere—Shabbath 97ᵃ ג"ש לא גמיר he had no tradition concerning that analogy; and frequently—In gen. ג"שanalogy. Betzah 1, 6; and elsewhere—plural גְּזֵירוֹת שָׁווֹת. Bereshith Rabbah section 46; Vayikra Rabbah section 25. [Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 8, 12ᵇ top גזירה דהוא רבע, read גזרית or גזירנא I command that etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 5, 30ᵃ גזירה דגזרין, see גָּזוֹרָא.] ↗ original
גְּחַךְ (corresp. to Biblical Hebrew צחק) to laugh, jest. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 18, 13; 15 (O. חייך, Hebrew text צחק). Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 7, 56ᶜ top אתחמי ג׳ he appeared to be laughing. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 3, 64ᵃ bottom of the page גַּחֲכִין they laughed. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 6, 10ᶜ top [read:] גחיך ליה חבריה his colleague laughed at him (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 39ᵃ לגלג … חבירו). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᶜ bottom of the page ג׳ לקבליה he received him with a smile; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, 35ᵇ. Bereshith Rabbah section 30 גָּחוּךְ צבורא לקליה the audience laughed at what he said; and frequently to sport, to be obscene (of obscene idolatrous practices). Targum 2 Chronicles 15, 16; and elsewhere Pa'el פִּעֵל גַּחֵךְsame, to jest. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 19, 14. to be obscene. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) the same place (ibid.) 21, 9. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 32, 6; and elsewhere Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִיגְּחַךְto be made sport of. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 4, 9ᵈ it is no honor to me that people should say (of me) פלוני א׳ that man was fooled (allowed himself to be taken advantage of). ↗ original
גַּחֲכָן (the preceding) jester. Sanhedrin 39ᵃ אלהיכון ג׳ וכ׳ your God is a jester (making sport of the prophet). ↗ original
גַּחֶלֶתburning coal. Betzah 5, 5; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4, 7 הג׳ כרגלי וכ׳ if one takes burning coals from his neighbor on the Holy day, they may be carried only as far as the owner is permitted to go; contradistinguished to שלהבת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 8, 12ᵇ bottom of the page; and elsewhere—Yevamoth 63ᵇ כניצוץ מבעיר ג׳ (as dangerous) as a spark kindling coals. Avoth 2, 10 והוי זהיר בגַחַלְתָּן וכ׳ take care of their (the scholars’) burning coals (do not treat them lightly) that thou mayest not be burnt. Bereshith Rabbah section 78 end שלא נִכָּוֶה בגַחַלְתּוֹ וכ׳ (we are afraid) that we may be burnt by the coal of Jacob, i.e. come to grief through contact with a godly man.—plural גֶּחָלִים. Yoma 4, 3. Bereshith Rabbah section 51 רדת ג׳ she took coals out of the oven; and frequently ↗ original
גָּחַן (see גחה) to bend. Pesikta Rabbati section 26 היה גוֹחֵן לארץ וכ׳ he bent down to the ground and kissed the foot-prints. Bamidbar Rabbah section 4, beginning אמו גוֹחֶנֶת עליו וכ׳ his mother bends over him and lets him suck; (Tosefta Shabbath 15 (16), 5 שוחה).—participle pass. גָּחוּןbent. Bereshith Rabbah section 20 שיהו מהלכין גְּחוּנִין וכ׳ (see Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 31) that they walk bent (with grief) over their dead. ↗ original
גְּחַן Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 23, 7 (O. סגיד). Targum Psalms 95, 6. Targum I Kings 18, 42 (Hebrew text גהר); and frequently—Gittin 57ᵇ גחין ושקליה bend down and take it up. Bava Metzia 59ᵃ, see גּוּצָא.—Sotah 40ᵃ ג׳ וזקיף עליה bends down (to listen to him) and stands up by his side (as an Amora).—participle passive גְּחִין, plural גְּחִינֵי. Shabbath 43ᵃ בתי ג׳ houses with low ceilings↗ original
גַּחַר (גחר or גהר; compare I Kings 18, 42) projection, jetty. plural גְּחָרִים, גְּהָרִים. Oholoth 8, 2 גה׳ edition; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גח׳, Rabbenu Shimshon גְּחִירִים. [Aruch (Sefer HeArukh): an opening in a wall for admitting light; other opinion: cave. Cmp. גִּיהַּ a. גִּיחוֹר.] ↗ original
גֵּט (גטט, compare חטט) [engraving,] a legal document.—ג׳ אשה (often without אשה) letter of divorce. plural גִּיטֵּי נשים. Gittin 1, 5; 4; and frequently—ג׳ חוֹב (usually שטר) note of indebtedness. Bava Kamma 95ᵃ; Kethuboth 51ᵇ.—ג׳ חֲלִיצָה a certificate stating compliance with the law of ḥălitsah (Deuteronomy 25, 5—10). Yevamoth 106ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) 106ᵇ דמקרי גט חליצה who pronounces the words to be said at the act of ḥălitsah (Deuteronomy 25, 7 a. 8).—ג׳ מִיאוּן a certificate stating a woman’s protest against her marriage. the same place (ibid.)—ג׳ כריתות = ג׳ אשה. Sanhedrin 11ᵃ.—ג׳ מעושה a document (of divorce) made out under compulsion. Gittin 9, 8; and frequently—[For other compounds see respective determinants].—the same place (ibid.) 2, 5 a woman may write את גִּיטָּהּ her own letter of divorce. the same place (ibid.) 7 להביא את גִּטָּהּ to carry her letter of divorce. the same place (ibid.) 6, 1, and frequently גּטִּי, גִּיטִּי. the same place (ibid.) 7, 3, and frequently גִּטֵּךְ, גִּיטֵּיךְ etc. the same place (ibid.), and frequently הרי זה ג׳ the letter of divorce is valid. the same place (ibid.) אינו ג׳ it is not valid. the same place (ibid.) ג׳ ואינו ג׳ it is of doubtful validity.—plural גִּטִּין, גִּיטִּין; construct state גִּטֵּי, גִּיטֵּי. the same place (ibid.) 3, 2; 2, 2; and frequently—Hence Gittin, name of a Talmudic treatise. ↗ original
גֵּט ² Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 24, 1 (edition Berlin edition גַּט). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 21, 14; and frequently—Gittin 9, 3 גט פטורין = Hebrew גט כריתות, see the preceding—Yevamoth 106ᵇ ג׳ דחליצתא = Hebrew גט חליצה, see the preceding; and frequently—plural גִּיטִּין, גִּיטֵּי. Gittin 84ᵇ ↗ original
גטישא , Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Leviticus 1, 16 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see נְטָשָׁא. ↗ original
גַּיְאglen, wady. Constr. גֵּיא. Eruvin 19ᵃ; Sukkah 32ᵇ, see גֵּיהִינָּם.—plural גֵּאָיוֹת. Shevi'ith 3, 8 מדרגות על פי הג׳ steps leading to the ravines (for carrying up the water for irrigation); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 4. Avodah Zarah 54ᵇ ↗ original
גִּיב (denominative of גַּב; compare דברים בגב under the word גַּב), Pa'el גַּיֵּיב to reply. Bereshith Rabbah section 80 מְגַּיֵּיב will he be able to reply (argue)? Af'el הִפְעִיל אָגֵיבsame. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 3ᵇ top מֵגִיב ליה חבריה upon which his colleague remarked. the same place (ibid.) 4, 8ᵇ top of the page Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 61ᵇ [read:] אימיה … אמרה לכון אכין ואגיבונתה אכין … אמרה לון אכין ואגיבונה אכין R. Tarfon’s mother spoke to you thus (as reported), and ye answered her accordingly; R. Yishmael’s mother spoke to us thus, and we etc. [Niddah 65ᵇ דמגבי, read דמְגִיבֵי; see גִּיחַ.] ↗ original
גִּיבְבָא (גבב, see the preceding) hump of a mountain, summit. Targum Psalms 68, 16 variant reading, see גִּיבְנָא.—plural feminine גִּיבְבָתָא. Bereshith Rabbah section 98 some edition, see גּוֹבְבָתָא. ↗ original
גיבביי , Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 4, 65ᵈ top, some edition, see גּוֹבַיָּא↗ original
גִּיבּוּי (גבי) collection of debts, dues etc. Bechoroth 5ᵃ בג׳ כסף in the Bibl. account concerning the collection of silver (Exodus 38, 25 and the following). Kethuboth 68ᵃ קודם שיבוא לידי ג׳ before it becomes due for collection through the court. ↗ original
גּיבּוּל (גבל) kneading.—בר ג׳ fit, designed to be kneaded. Shabbath 18ᵃ; 155ᵇ ↗ original
גִּיבְנָא (גבן) hump. Targum Psalms 68, 16 אתעביד להון ג׳ (variant reading גיבבא) became hump-backed (unfit for sacred purposes, see גַּבְנוּן). *plural גִּיבְנַיָּא. Sifré Deuteronomy 51 edition Friedman גִּבְנַ׳ דאשקלון the heights of A., see גַּנָּא. ↗ original
גִּיבַּר , strong; hero; giant. Targum Genesis 10, 8; and elsewhere—plural גִּיבָּרִין, גִּיבָּרַיָּא, גִּבָּ׳. Targum Onkelos a. Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 Genesis 49, 5; and elsewhere—Targum Onkelos Genesis 36, 24 (Yerushalmi (prefix) כודנייתא, Hebrew text ימם). Targum Onkelos Genesis 15, 20 גִּיבָּרַיָּא edition Berlin edition (edition גִּבָּרָאֵי, Yerushalmi (prefix) גְּבָרָאֵי, Hebrew text רפאים); Deuteronomy 2, 10; 11 (Yerushalmi (prefix) גִּנְבָּרַיָּא, Hebrew text ענקים). the same place (ibid.) 20; 21.—Sanhedrin 100ᵇ גברי גיברין קטל דויא grief kills the strongest man.—Fem. plural גִּיבַּרְוָותָא, גִּבַּ׳. Berachoth 31ᵃ כמה הלכתא ג׳ וכ׳ (Munich manuscript גִּבָּרָתָא) how many important rules can we learn etc.! ↗ original
גִּיבָּרָא (see אֵיבְרָא a. גְּבַר)membrum virile. Targum Job 40, 17 manuscript a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word שעבז (edition וָתָנַיָּא; Hebrew text גידי). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 25, 8 בית גִּיבְרֵיה his parts.—plural גִּיבָּרַיָּא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 17, 13; Deuteronomy 25, 18 (see Tanchuma Ki Thetse 10). ↗ original
גִּיגִּית (compare גַּג) something arched, roofing, a huge vessel, tub, tank (for brewing beer); reservoir. Shabbath 18ᵇ ג׳ … מ"ט שרו וכ׳ why do the Hillelites permit the preparation of beer in the tank (where the process is continued on the Sabbath)? the same place (ibid.) 24, 5 אם יש בג׳ whether there is in the roofing (which connected two buildings) etc. the same place (ibid.) 157ᵇ ג׳ סדוקה וכ׳ a defective roofing rested over them. the same place (ibid.) 108ᵇ and the following יד לג׳ כ׳ the hand which is put in the beer tank (in the morning, before being washed); [Aruch (Sefer HeArukh): a hand used for taking beer to tap out of the tank]. Sanhedrin 77ᵃ כפה עליו ג׳ if one inverts a tank over a man (causing his death indirectly). Shabbath 88ᵃ כפה … כג׳ the Lord arched the mount over them like a tank; Avodah Zarah 2ᵇ; and elsewhere—plural גִּיגִּיּוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 7, 25ᵇ bottom of the page מה שבג׳ וכ׳ what lives in reservoirs or in vivaria. Sukkah 4, 6 ג׳ של זהב gilt tanks. ↗ original
גִּיגִּיתָא Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, 45ᶜ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 41ᵃ bottom of the page [read:] איתגליא ליה גִּיגִּיתֵיה his water (or beer) tank was left uncovered.—plural גִּיגִּיָּיתָא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, 3ᵈ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 7, 45ᵈ bottom of the page גוגייתיה (correct accordingly). ↗ original
גִּידthread, chord, sinew, artery, tendon.—ג׳ הַנָּשֶׁה (Biblical Hebrew) nervus ischiadicus. Chullin 7, 1 גיד הנ׳ נוהג וכ׳ the law concerning the nervus ischiadicus (Genesis 32, 33) applies etc. the same place (ibid.) 89ᵇ, and frequently איסור ג׳ (supply (understood word) הנשה) the prohibitory law concerning etc.—Euphem. membrum virile. Kiddushin 25ᵃ.—plural גִּידִים, גִּידִין, construct state גִּידֵי. Chullin 7, 5. the same place (ibid.) 100ᵇ, and frequently אין בג׳ בנ"ט the rule for mixtures of forbidden and permitted things to be decided by taste-giving quantities applies not to tendons. the same place (ibid.) 90ᵇ ג׳ צואר the blood vessels of the throat, contradistinguished to ג׳ בשר soft tendons.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 17ᵈ top תופרין בג׳ the T’fillin are sewed with threads of dried tendons.—Bereshith Rabbah section 20 ג׳ של אדמה fibres of dried roots in the ground. Maasroth 1, 2 [אדומים] משיטילו ג׳ (see commentary or commentaries) when they (the peaches) get [red] veins; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 48ᵈ bottom of the page—Denom. גִּיֵּיד which see [גִּיד, plural גִּידִּיןworm-wood, see גִּידָּא 2.] ↗ original
גִּידָא Targum Genesis 32, 33.—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 23, 2 membrum.—Chullin 97ᵇ ג׳ נשיא = גיד הנשה, see the preceding—Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᵈ top גודא דרצועתא the thread with which a thong of the T’fillin was pieced together.—plural גִּידִין, גִּידַיָּא. Targum Ezekiel 37, 6. Targum Job 10, 11. ↗ original
גִּידָּא 1 , grain, coriander etc. Targum Onkelos Exodus 16, 31; Numbers 11, 7 (Yerushalmi (prefix) כּוּסְבַּר).—Yoma 75ᵃ, see גַּד 2.—plural גִּידֵּי. Shabbath 109ᵇ ג׳ דרוביא Oxford manuscript (edition גירי) grains of fenugreek, see גּיר 3, 2. ↗ original
גִּידָּא 2 (גדד, see גַּד I) worm-wood, bitter herb. Targum Amos 5, 7. Targum Proverbs 5, 4 גידדא edition Lagarde edition (edition גיררא, גירא, correct accordingly; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גִּידֵּי plural).—plural גִּידִּין. Targum Jeremiah 9, 14 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition גירין, correct accordingly). the same place (ibid.) 23, 15; and elsewhere—(In Hebrew diction) Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 126, see גַּד I. Tanchuma Beshallach, edition Buber edition 22 (play on גד) שהיה בפיהם כג׳ מרין the manna was in their (the gentiles’) mouths like bitter worm-wood. Shabbath 87ᵃ (play on ויגׄדׄ, Exodus 19, 9) דברים שקשין לאדם כגִֹידִֹּין words (of warning against punishment) which are as hard (distasteful) to man as worm-wood. [Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 49, 23, Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 49, 23 גידין, גידיא some edition, read גיר׳, see גִּיר 3.] ↗ original
*גִּידּוֹד (גדד) full of incisions, wrinkled, [or acrid (?), see גַּד I]. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 2, beginning 22ᵇ ג׳ הוא; see, however, גְּדוּרָא. ↗ original
גִּידּוּד (גדד) a steep or straight embankment. Eruvin 93ᵇ (Munich manuscript גִּידּוּר, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 10); Gittin 15ᵇ ג׳ חמשה ומחיצה וכ׳ an earth embankment of five cubits and on it a partition wall of five. ↗ original
גִּידּוּדָא . *Targum Isaiah 38, 12 נחל גי׳ edition Lagarde edition (Rashi גְּדוּדָאִין) a wady between steep embankments (variant reading נְוַל גַּרְדָּאִין, Hebrew text אֹרֵג).—Shabbath 41ᵃ לית ליה גי׳ (Munich manuscript גד׳) has no steep banks. Eruvin 6ᵃ דאיכא גי׳ where there are yet embankments (remnants of ruined buildings).—בית ג׳ soil full of cuts, rough places. Targum Isaiah 40, 4 (Hebrew text רכסים).—Transferred snares. Targum Psalms 31, 21 גידודי גיבריא (Hebrew text רכסי) snares of mighty (violent) men (manuscript גברי גדודי). ↗ original
גִּידּוּל (גדל) rearing of children. Sanhedrin 19ᵇ צער ג׳ בנים the trouble of rearing children; Bereshith Rabbah section 20; Eruvin 100ᵇ growth. Berachoth 6, 3 דבר שאין גִּדּוּלוֹ וכ׳ (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition גִּידּוּלָיו plural) whatever does not grow out of the soil (animal food etc.); and frequently—plural גִּידּוּלִין, construct state גִּידּוּלֵי. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, 9ᶜ top דרך גִּידּוּלֵיהֶן the way they grow, see גְּדִילָה.—Nedarim 7, 6 אסור בחלופיהן (ובגִידּ׳) וּבגִדּוּלֵיהֶן it is forbidden to eat or enjoy what has been exchanged for the fruits or what has grown of their seeds. the same place (ibid.) גידולי ג׳ growths of the second degree. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 7, end, 45ᵃ ג׳ איסור products of forbidden seeds. Berachoth 40ᵇ ג׳ קרקע products of the ground; and frequently raising to dignity, elevation.—plural as above. Bereshith Rabbah section 55 beginning ג׳ אחר ג׳ (Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 95 גְּדוּלָּה, Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 777 גִּדָּלוֹן). ↗ original
גִּידּוֹלGiddol, name of several Amoraim. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 3, end 74ᶜ ר׳ גי׳; Yoma 69ᵇ ר׳ גדל. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 1, 60ᵃ (without title). Kiddushin 59ᵃ ר׳ גידל; and frequently—G. b. Binyamin, b. Minyamin (Minyomi). Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 8, end, 36ᵇ.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 3, 14ᵃ; Babylonian Bava Bathra 39ᵇ; and frequently—G. b. R’ulai. Gittin 34ᵃ ↗ original
גִּידּוּעַ (גדע) felling. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 4, 44ᵃ (referring to Deuteronomy 7, 5).—plural גִּידּוּעִין, construct state גִּידּוּעֵי. Babylonian Avodah Zarah 45ᵇ ג׳ע"א the execution of the laws concerning the destruction of objects used for idolatry. that which grows out of a stump; compare גֶּזַע. the same place (ibid.) שגִּידּוּעוֹ אסור וכ׳ the fresh growth of which is forbidden while the root is permitted; 48ᵃ ↗ original
גִּידּוּףblasphemy, reviling. Gittin 56ᵇ; and elsewhere—plural גִּידּוּפִין, גִּדּ׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 1, 40ᵈ תפלתו ג׳ his prayer is blasphemy. Shemoth Rabbah section 41, beginning; and elsewhere ↗ original
גִּידּוּפָא Bava Kamma 38ᵃ דגי׳ הוא for (their way of consoling) is blasphemy.—plural גִּידּוּפִין, גִּידּוּפַיָּא, גִּדּ׳. Targum I Samuel 2, 3. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 32, 3 (2 גַּדִּיפִין, גָּדִי׳).—Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 6 מדינתא דחירופיא וג׳ a city full of scorn and blasphemy (Cæsarea). ↗ original
גִּידּוּר (גדר) fencing in, self-restraint.—ג׳ ערוה chastity. Vayikra Rabbah section 32; see גֶּדֶר a. גְּדֵירָה.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 3, 23ᶜ top מפני גידורו, read גְּדֵירוֹ, see גָּדֵיר.—Eruvin 93ᵇ, see גִּידּוּד. ↗ original
*גִּידֵּל (גדל, Pi'el) pupil. Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 84 ג׳ בית אברהם וכ׳ (Bereshith Rabbah section 50 בביתו של א"א, correct accordingly) he (Lot) was a pupil of the house of Abraham; see Tanchuma edition Buber edition, Vayera 15. ↗ original
גִּידֵּם (גדם) one whose hand or fingers are cut off or stumped. Menachoth 37ᵃ; Taanith 21ᵃ; and frequently—plural גִּידְּמִים, גִּידְּמִין, גִּדְּ׳. Sanhedrin 8, 4; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 8, 26ᵇ top; and elsewhere—Fem. גִּידֶּמֶת, גִּדֶּ׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 12, 13ᵃ top; Bereshith Rabbah section 81, beginning Shabbath 53ᵇ אשה ג׳ a woman with a stumped finger.—Chullin 79ᵃ גידמת an animal whose tail and ears are lopped off. Cmp. קִיטֵּם. ↗ original
גִּידְּמָא Chaldaic (Aramaic) masculine (see the preceding) trunk; twig. branch (compare גֶּזַע). Gittin 37ᵃ גי׳ דדיקלא edition (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גו׳ בדיקליה) trunk of a palm tree (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a branch on his etc.). Makkoth 8ᵃ ומחייה לגו׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition גרמא, Munich manuscript גירמא) and struck a branch.—plural גִּידְּמֵי, גּוּדְ׳ Shabbath 110ᵃ אסא וגי׳ edition (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) וגו׳, Oxford manuscript גירד׳, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) myrtle and palm branches. ↗ original
גִּיהא 1 (גיה = גִּיחַ, compare בְּקִיעַ) cavity, pond. Moed Katan 8ᵇ (explain. נברכת a. בקיע) ג׳ ובר ג׳ (Munich manuscript גִּיהִיאָה) a pond and a pool derived from a pond. ↗ original
גִּיהוּץ (גהץ) calendering clothes, fine laundry work. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 82ᵃ bottom of the page איזהו ג׳ כלי וכ׳ the process called gihuts applies to woolen garments when they are new, and to white linen garments when laundried. Taanith 29ᵇ ג׳ שלנו ככיבוס שלהם (Munich manuscript always גִּיחוּץ) our (Babylonian) laundry work is like their (Palestinean) plain wash. the same place (ibid.) אין בהן משום ג׳ are not included in the prohibition of laundry work (in the festive week etc.). Kethuboth 10ᵇ top of the page ↗ original
גִּיהְיָא (see גִּיהַּ) flame-colored. Bechoroth 45ᵇ (explained גיחור) as people say סומקא גיה׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition גיח׳) flame-red. ↗ original
גֵּיהִינָּם common gender (Biblical Hebrew proper noun Gehinnom, Gehenna, a glen to the south of Jerusalem where Molokh was worshipped; whence place of punishment of the wicked in the hereafter, hell, opposite גן עדן paradise. Eruvin 19ᵃ; Sukkah 32ᵇ שתי תמרות … וזו היא פתחה של ג׳ two palm-trees are in the Valley of Ben Hinnom … and this is the entrance to Gehenna. Sotah 4ᵇ, and frequently דינה של ג׳ future punishment. Yoma 72ᵇ לא תירתו תרתי ג׳ be not the heirs of two G. (here and hereafter, by laborious study of the Law without living up to its requirements). Rosh Hashanah 17ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original
גִּיהַר (compare גִּיהְיָא, גִּיחוֹר) giḥar, name of a precious stone, ruby. Targum Song of Songs 5, 14 (edition Lagarde edition גו׳).—plural גּוּהֲרִין, see יוֹהֲרָא. ↗ original
גַּיּוּסCaius, Gaius, (mostly corrupt) used, in connection with לוקיוס (Lucius), to represent gentile names in general. Pesikta Rabbati section 21 (edition Friedman p. 107ᵃ; 107ᵇ) ג׳ מן הגודר ולוקיוס מן וכ׳ e.g. Gaius of Gadara and Lucius of Susitha (Hippos). the same place (ibid.) 108ᵃ (correct accordingly).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 1, 43ᵇ top גוים לוקין וכ׳ (correct accordingly) G. a. L. are the signers and ye ask yet (whether the signers must be personally known as Jews to the witnesses)? [Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 11ᵇ לוקוס ולוס, probably ל׳ וגיוס.]—Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 10, 47ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, 42ᵃ [referring to letters accompanying a ship load (?)]. Emperor Caius Caligula. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 9, 24ᵇ top (גוליקוס) גייס גוליקם; Babylonian Sotah 33ᵃ גסקלגס; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 8, 9 גיוסלוקין (corrupted גיוס קליגולס = Καλιγούλας). ↗ original
גִּיּוֹרstranger. Targum Onkelos Exodus 23, 9; and frequently—Eruvin 9ᵃ; Bava Kamma 42ᵃ; Yoma 47ᵃ יציבא … וג׳ בשמי שמיא the native below and the stranger on top! i.e. what a paradox is this! proselyte. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 2, 12; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᵈ top of the page Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 7, 64ᶜ bottom of the page ההן ג׳ וכ׳, see גּוּפְנָא. Sanhedrin 94ᵃ; and frequently—plural גִּיּוֹרִין, גִּיּוֹרַיָּא. Targum I Chronicles 28, 2; and elsewhere—Fem. גִּיּוֹרְתָּאproselyte. Berachoth 8ᵇ; Pesachim 112ᵇ ↗ original
גַּיּוּת (denominative of גּוֹי) gentile status. Kethuboth 11ᵃ בגַיּוּתָהּ while she may live as a gentile (as she may protest against her conversion in childhood). ↗ original
גֵּיוְתָא (גאי, see גֵּאוּתָא) grandeur. Targum Ezek. 28, 13. Targum Onkelos Exodus 15, 1 edition Berlin edition pride, haughtiness, see גֵּיתִי. ↗ original
גֵּיוְתָן (see the preceding) haughty, proud man. Bereshith Rabbah section 85 גיו׳; Yalkut Shimoni Daniel 1063 גאו׳.—plural גֵּיוְתָנִין etc. Shemoth Rabbah section 8; Tanchuma Vaëra 9 הג׳ שעושין וכ׳ the haughty who declare themselves as gods. Treatise Derekh Erets 2, beginning גֵּיפְתָנִין, גֵּפְ׳. ↗ original
גֵּיוְתָנָאsame. Targum Psalms 36, 12. Targum Isaiah 49, 25 (Vers.); and elsewhere—plural גֵּיוְתָנִין etc. Targum Ezekiel 16, 49. etc. Targum Ezekiel 16, 49. (in a good sense) exalted. Targum Job 22, 29. ↗ original
גֵּיוְתָנוּתָא (the preceding) exaltedness, glory. Targum Psalms 46, 4. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 15, 7; and elsewhere pride, haughtiness. Targum Psalms 31, 19; and elsewhere ↗ original
גִּיזָּה , feminine (גָּזַז) shearing; wool cut or to be cut. Bechoroth 14ᵃ; 25ᵃ; Chullin 135ᵃ אסורים בג׳ must not be shorn. the same place (ibid.) בני ג׳ permitted to be cut. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 19, 17ᵃ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 6, 33ᵃ (בגִיזָּתָהּ) בגִיזָּתוֹ between its wool (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 66ᵃ בצמרו); and frequently—Midrash Tehillim to Psalms I זמן ג׳, see גְּזִיזָה.—plural גִּיזּוֹת, גִּיזּוֹת. Chullin the passage cited חוץ מגִּיזּוֹתֶיהָ with the exception of its wool. Midrash Tehillim the passage cited ללבוש מגִּזּוֹתֵיהֶן to have garments from their wool. ↗ original
גִּיזּוּם (גָּזַם) cutting, tapping. Avodah Zarah 50ᵇ ג׳ אברויי וכ׳ tapping is an act of strengthening the tree. the same place (ibid.) סכין שמן לג׳ you may put oil on the cut (to stop the flow of sap). ↗ original
גִּיחַ (compare גִּיהַּ) to break forth, stir up. Daniel 7, 2. Targum Job 38, 8 במִגְחֵיה (Hebrew text בגיחו) when he breaks forth. [Targum Psalms 42, 5 למגח manuscript, read למחג, see חגג].—ג׳ קרבא, see below. (compare meanings of בּוּעַ) to low (of oxen). Targum Job 6, 5 (some edition יגעי, Hebrew text יגעה). Af'el הִפְעִיל אָגִיחַ, (אַגַּח) אָגַח , especially with קרבא (Af'el a. Pe.) to attack, fight. Targum Onkelos Exodus 1, 10; 14, 14. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 21, 10.—Targum Psalms 60, 2 אֲגִיחַ עם (supply (understood word) קרבא). Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 20, 4; and frequently—Tosefta Sotah 13, 5; Sotah 33ᵃ לאָגָחָא קרבא to wage war. Niddah 65ᵇ כתובה דמַגְחֵי וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition מגבי, see גִּיב, variant reading דמגהי) a marriage deed over which they fight much before signing. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתָּגַח (with קרבא) to be fought. Targum Onkelos Exodus 17, 16; and elsewhere ↗ original
גִּיחוּךְ (גחך) laughter, sport; obscenity. Niddah 23ᵃ הביאו … לידי ג׳ וכ׳ tried to make R. laugh, but the latter did not laugh.—Shabbath 64ᵃ כומז (Numbers 31, 50) is translated מחוך, דבר המביא לידי ג׳ edition (Munich manuscript, Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 786 מחוך) something which leads to obscenity. ↗ original
גִּיחוּכָא Targum 2 Chronicles, Book of 15, 16 (Hebrew text מפלצת). ↗ original
גִּיחוֹן (Biblical Hebrew) the river Giḥon. Bereshith Rabbah section 16 (play on גָּחוֹן). ↗ original
גִּיחוֹר (see גִּיהַּ a. גִּיהְיָא)red-spotted in the face. Bechoroth 7, 6, explained the same place (ibid.) 45ᵇ סומקא. Berachoth 58ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original
גִּיחוֹרָא . Berachoth 59ᵇ והאי דג׳ משום דמשמשי וכ׳ (Munich manuscript שפירי, inserting גיחורי in place of דניידי עינייהו edition) that they are red-spotted arises from sexual intercourse in day-time; (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) והאי דגְחִירֵי משום דדיירי בבתי אפלי because they live in dark rooms). ↗ original
גִּיֵּידPi'el (denominative of גִּיד) to cut an artery through, to bleed to death (a gentile mode of execution). *Vayikra Rabbah section 6 מְגַיֵּיד את הגנבים והורג וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word גד 12 (variant reading מנגיד, Aruch Completum (Kohut) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 2392) had the thieves bled to death and the receivers of stolen goods decapitated (edition הורג את הקבלנין ומתיר את הגנבים).—participle passive מְגוּיָּידhe who had his arteries opened, bled to death. Oholoth 1, 6 אפי׳ מג׳ even if his arteries are cut open (and he is dying). Yevamoth 16, 3 (120ᵃ). Yevamoth 120ᵇ למימרא דמג׳ חי does this intimate that one whose arteries have been severed, may survive?—Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 16, 15ᶜ bottom of the page אפי׳ ראוהו מ׳ וכ׳ (Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 14, 4 נִתְגַּיֵּיד) even if witnesses have seen him bleeding from severed arteries, I say, the operation may have been performed with a glowing knife and he may have recovered. Tosefta Gittin 7 (5), 1; Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 70ᵇ מְגוּיָּד; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 7, 48ᶜ bottom of the page Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְגַּיֵּיד , see above. ↗ original
גַּיֵּיד Sanhedrin 67ᵇ וגַיְּידֵיה לגמלא (read לגמליה, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 8) and severed his camel’s arteries; Yevamoth 120ᵇ ↗ original
גַּיָּיס (גּוּס 2) troop, especially ravaging troop, invaders, robbers (= Biblical Hebrew גְּדוּד). Pesachim 3, 7 (49ᵃ) (if one left his home) להציל מן הג׳ Yerushalmi (prefix) edition a. Munich manuscript (edition עכום, גויים, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) to rescue (Israelites etc.) from an invading troop. Yevamoth 122ᵇ רדף אחרינו ג׳ a band pursued us; and frequently—plural גַּיָּיסוֹת. the same place (ibid.) 16, 7 (122ᵃ) the country is משובשת בג׳ in confusion on account of invaders. Ruth Rabbah to 1, 5; and frequently—Denom. גִּיֵּיסto arrange battle, to orderout troops; to array. the same place (ibid.) כמה גייסות … לגַיֵּיס how many troops can I send out. the same place (ibid.); Vayikra Rabbah section 17 התחיל מְגַיֵּיס חיילותיו וכ׳ he began to arrange his armies for battle; and frequently [גייס proper noun of a male person, see גַּיּוּס.] ↗ original
גַּיָּיסָא Targum 2 Chronicles 32, 7 (Hebrew text המון).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 8, end, 23ᵃ (translation of Genesis 49, 19) ג׳ אתי מְגַיַּיסְתֵּיה וכ׳ an army comes to ravage him, but he etc.; Bereshith Rabbah section 98.—Berachoth 60ᵇ bottom of the page; and elsewhere plural גַּיָּיסִין. Targum Psalms 65, 11 גַּיְסָהָא edition Vienna edition (edition גיי׳, manuscript גְּיָּי׳).—Denom. גַּיֵּיס = Hebrew גִּיֵּיס, see the preceding—Bereshith Rabbah the passage cited; and elsewhere ↗ original
גַּיָּירָא (גּוּר 2) adultery, whoredom.—plural גַּיָּירַיָּיא. Vayikra Rabbah section 33, see בְּלֵי. ↗ original
גִּיל 1 see גיל) to form a circle, to gather; to rejoice. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 5, 8ᵈ bottom of the page (referring to Psalms 2, 11) לכשיבוא יום רעדה תָּגִילוּ when the time of trembling comes (in a disposition of reverence) shall ye assemble (for prayer); compare גִּילָה. ↗ original
גִּיל 2the preceding) circle, association of coevals. Bava Metzia 27ᵇ; Yevamoth 120ᵃ the same mark מצויה בבן גִּילוֹ is frequently found with those born at the same hour (under the same planetary influences, compare גַּלְגַּל). Megillah 11ᵃ בן גילו וכ׳ of the same character. Nedarim 39ᵇ בן גילו (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) בני) of the same age; B. Betzah 30ᵇ. Ruth Rabbah to 1, 3 מת אחד מן הג׳ ידאג כל הג׳ if one of the circle (of the coevals) died, the whole circle must take it to heart.—plural גִּילִין. the same place (ibid.)—see גִּילָאֵי. [Yerushalmi (prefix) Orlah 2, 61ᵈ bottom of the page גיל השבט, see גָּזֵל.] ↗ original
גִּיל 3 (גול) ball, clapper of a bell. Vayikra Rabbah section 27, beginning; Tanchuma Emor 5 גול; edition Buber edition the same place (ibid.) 7 גיל. ↗ original
גִּילָא 1Gela (Coelia?). Avodah Zarah 10ᵇ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see גּוּר 2. ↗ original
גִּילָא 2 (גלל) something rounded. Sukkah 34ᵃ חילפא ג׳ a willow with rounded leaves. Shabbath 110ᵃ; Menachoth 42ᵇ (מ)גביא ג׳ (see מַגַּבְיָא) liquid alum in rounded form (στυπτηρία στρογγύλη, see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Stypteria). (compare גַּלְגַּל Psalms 83, 14) [rolled about,] stubble, straw. Targum Job 13, 25.—Chullin 46ᵇ a feather, spittle, או ג׳ or a piece of straw. the same place (ibid.) 56ᵇ top ג׳ דחיטתא a piece of wheat straw. Niddah 26ᵇ דרמינן ליה בג׳ דחטתא on whom we may throw wheat chaff, i.e. embarrass with petty questions.—plural גִּילֵי, גִּילֵּי. Targum Exodus 5, 12. Targum Job 41, 20 and the following—Sanhedrin 108ᵇ, see גִּיר 3.—Sukkah 14ᵃ בגִילַיְיהוּ (grains) in their haulms.—בֵּי גִּילֵּי dumping ground, marsh. גילדנא דבי ג׳ the small fish living among the reeds in the swamps. Berachoth 44ᵇ; Kethuboth 105ᵇ ↗ original
גִּילָאֵי (גִּיל 2) persons of the same age and circle. Zevachim 116ᵇ תרי עולמי ג׳ (some edition גו׳, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 3) two youths of the same etc. ↗ original
גִּילָהgathering; rejoicing. Berachoth 30ᵇ (referring to Psalms 2, 11) במקום ג׳ שם תהא רעדה where there is a gathering (for prayer and the like) there shall be trembling, see גִּיל I↗ original
גִּילְהֵי (גלי; compare שִׁילְהֵי frequently שלה) [uncoverings,] flashes, the glowing horizon. Taanith 3ᵇ גי׳ דליליא (Munich manuscript גו׳) the glow after sunset. Pesachim 13ᵃ top בגי׳ וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition בגילויא) he was standing in the glow before sunrise (mistaking it for the flashing of sunrise, see הָנֵץ); Sanhedrin 42ᵃ (edition בגילויא). ↗ original
גִּילּוּחַ (גלח) shaving, hair-cutting. Makkoth 21ᵃ ג׳ שיש בו וכ׳ a cutting with which a destruction is connected (which attacks the roots); and frequently ↗ original
גִּילוּחַ (the preceding) shaved beard (in mourning). Targum Isaiah 15, 2; Jeremiah 48, 37, see גְּלִיבָא. ↗ original
גִּילּוּי (גלי) uncovering.—ג׳ עריות uncovering of nakedness, incest (Leviticus 18, 6; and frequently). Yoma 9ᵃ; and frequently—ג׳ ראש bareheadedness. Shabbath 118ᵇ.—ג׳ פנים barefacedness, defiance. Sotah 42ᵇ, see גָּלְיַת. Eruvin 69ᵃ מומר וג׳ פנים an apostate and a defiant person, explained מומר בג׳ פ׳ a defiant apostate; and elsewhere the law forbidding the use of liquids that were left uncovered (as possibly poisoned by serpents). Terumoth 8, 4 אסורים משום ג׳ are forbidden on account of gilluy; and frequently—plural גִּילּוּיִים, גִּילּוּיִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 41ᵃ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, 45ᶜ bottom of the page [read:] שהיה מלגלג בג׳ (not מגלגל, not בגילוי יין) who sneered at the law of gilluy↗ original
גִּילּוּיָיאsame. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 6, 2 גִּילּוּי בשרא nakedness. the same place (ibid.) 13, 13; Numbers 35, 25 ג׳ ערייתא = Hebrew גִּילּוּי עריות.—Esp. liquids left uncovered, law concerning them. Chullin 49ᵇ כי הוה להו ג׳ when they had a case of uncovered liquids. Gittin 69ᵇ לג׳ וכ׳ against the danger from drinking uncovered liquids apply etc. Avodah Zarah 30ᵃ אג׳ לא קפדי they care not for the law concerning uncovered liquids; and frequently—גִּלּוּי דעתא intimation of meaning. Gittin 34ᵃ בג׳ ד׳ בגיטא וכ׳ they differ with regard to one intimating the annulment of a letter of divorce. bright, polished surface. Zevachim 38ᵇ אַגִּילּוּיֵיה on its (the altar’s) top surface cleared of ashes.—Sanhedrin 42ᵃ; Pesachim 13ᵃ, see גִּילְהֵי.—Targum Nahum, Book of 2, 8 בגִילַּיָּא edition Lagarde edition (other edition בגָלַיָּא) openly (not in a covered carriage), see גְּלֵי. ↗ original
גִּימוֹל (גמל to wean, train) a pointed pole tied to the neck of a calf to prevent it from sucking (see שִׁירְתּוּעַ), or a little yoke put on the calf for breaking it in. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 5, 7ᶜ top אית תניין תני ג׳ some teachers read (Mishnah the same place (ibid.) 5, 4) gimol (in place of gimon) in the sense of גמל in I Samuel 1, 24; see next word↗ original
גִּימוֹן (גמם to couple, tie) a little yoke(בר נִירָא), or a board tied to the head of a calf (פִּינַקְסָה), or a pointed pole (שִׁירְתּוּעַ, see preceding word). Shabbath 5, 4; explained Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, 7ᶜ; Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 54ᵇ.—Yerushalmi (prefix) the passage cited מאן דמר ג׳ וכ׳ he who reads gimon supports the opinion of R. Ḥisda (פינקסה); he who reads gimol supports the opinions etc. (שירתוע or בר נירא).—plural גִּימוֹנוֹת, see next word↗ original
גִּימוֹנִית (see the preceding) chord, band. plural גִּימוֹנִיֹּות. Sukkah 3, 8 ג׳ של זהב gold bands; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 10 גִּימוֹנוֹת. ↗ original
גִּימַטְרְיָא (a transpos. of γραμματεῖον, … άτια, plural) accounts. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 5, 43ᶜ bottom of the page חשבון ג׳ arithmetical calculation. the use of letters for their numerical value; homiletic interpretation based on the numerical value of letters. Berachoth 8ᵃ תׄוׄצׄאׄוׄתׄ בגי׳ וכ׳ the word totsaoth (Psalms 68, 21) intimates 903 (causes of death). Vayikra Rabbah section 21 השטן גי׳ וכ׳; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 27 השט"ן בגי׳ וכ׳ hassatan (the accuser) counts 364; and frequently learned writing, cifer. Sanhedrin 22ᵃ בגי׳ איכתיב (Munich manuscript איתחזי) the inscription of the wall was in cifers (א"ת ב"ש).—plural גִּימַטְרְיָאוֹתarithmetic. Avoth 3, 18. ↗ original
גִּימַטְרְיוֹן (γραμματεῖον, γραμματικόν) same, cifer-writing. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 3, 67ᵃ לישן גימטריון וכ׳, see אֶפְרָא. Pesikta Rabbati section 43 לשון גימטריקון הוא תׄהׄוׄ הוא אׄסׄףׄ it is cipher speech, Toḥu (I Samuel 1, 1) is (in א"ת ב"ש) Asaf. ↗ original
גימ"לGimmel, third letter of the Alphabet; numerical value, three. Shekalim 3, 2; and frequently—Shabbath 104ᵃ (childrens’ mnemonical play) גי׳ דל"ת גֹמול דֹלים (Munich manuscript גמל) Gimmel-Daleth intimates, Do good to the poor. the same place (ibid.) כרעיה דג׳ the foot of the Gimmel; and frequently—plural גִּמְלִין. the same place (ibid.) 103ᵇ one must not write … ג׳ צדין וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition גַּמִּין) Gimmels so as to be possibly taken for Tsaddes. ↗ original
גִּין 1 (see גּוּן), Af'el אָגֵין (with על) to cover, surround with; to protect. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 32, 10 (2 אקיף). Targum 2 Kings 20, 6. Targum Isaiah 27, 3 מֵגִין (edition Lagarde edition מגן, see גְּנַן); and elsewhere Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְּגֵיןto be protected. Targum Zephaniah, Book of 2, 3 (edition Lagarde edition יתגן). 5. גְּנַן. ↗ original
גִּין 2 (the preceding) protection. Targum Isaiah 28, 15.—בְּגִין for the sake of, on account of; in order that. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 12, 13 (O. בדיל). the same place (ibid.) 18, 24; and frequently—[In Talmud Hebrew a. Chaldaic (Aramaic)] Yevamoth 89ᵇ אוכלת בְּגִינוֹ וכ׳ on his account (as his wife) she is permitted to eat T’rumah. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 10, 7ᶜ top בג׳ כן therefore; and frequently—בגין ד׳ because, since. Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 9, 50ᵇ ב׳ דרב וכ׳ because Rab and Samuel, both of them, said. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 2, 64ᵈ top ב׳ דכתיב because it is so written; and frequently ↗ original
גִּינָּאָה (denominative of גִּינָּא) gardener, dealer in vegetables. Chullin 105ᵇ. Shabbath 110ᵇ.—plural גִּינָּאֵי. Gittin 14ᵃ. Taanith 20ᵇ פייש להו לג׳ (Munich manuscript יתיר לגִנָּאֵי) was left over with the gardeners (was not sold). ↗ original
גִּינַּאי (denominative of גַּן, גִּינָּה) a group of gardens, country residences.—plural גִּינָּאוֹת. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 48, end; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 756.—Bava Bathra 75ᵇ Munich manuscript (edition גינואות, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note); Yalkut Shimoni Zach. 568; see טֶפֶף. [Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גוניות, גינואות, see edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) under the word גוננא p. 320.]—[Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 946, see גּוּנְתָּאִי.] ↗ original
גִּינַּאי ² (denominative of גִּינָּא; compare the preceding) dyke for irrigating gardens; also proper noun Ginnai. Chullin 7ᵃ ג׳ נהרא the rivulet Ginnai; Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 1, 22ᵃ top of the page Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 6, 50ᶜ bottom of the page ג׳ שטף זיקין an overflowing dyke carried off wine bottles. ↗ original
גִּינִיסְיָא (γενέσια, τὰ) (with יום) bithday festival, anniversary of death; in gen. commemorative festival. Targum Esther 3, 8. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 40, 20 גְּנוּסָא (see גְּנִיסָא a. גְּנוּסַיָּיא).—Avodah Zarah 1, 3 (8ᵃ) יום ג׳ של מלכים royal anniversaries, explained Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 39ᶜ birthday festival (with referring to Genesis 40, 20, see above); Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 10ᵃ (after discussion) יום שמעמידין בו המלך installation of a king (Roman emperor). Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 3, 59ᵃ top; Yalkut Shimoni Habakkuk 564. Shemoth Rabbah section 15 יום ג׳ an anniversary (commemorative of his delivery); and elsewhere (= γενέθλια) descent, nobility of birth. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Naḥămu p. 126ᵃ; 126ᵇ; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 162 הודעתם ג׳ שלי (Bereshith Rabbah section 100 הודעתי הוגנוסים correct accordingly) ye have made known my noble descent. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Haḥod. p. 53ᵃ בת גִּינוּסִים; Pesikta Rabbati section 15 בת גינסין (read גִּינִיסִין, Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 190 only בת טובים) a woman of noble birth. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 2; and frequently [Sotah 36ᵇ גְּנִיסֵי מלכות וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition גְּנוּנֵי) I recognize in him royal nobility.] ↗ original
גִּינֵּיסַר (Γεννησάρ, Γεννησαρέτ, a hellenization of כִּנֶּרֶת) Gennesar, Gennesaret, lake, town and district of G. Pesachim 8ᵇ פירות גינו׳ Gennes. fruits. Bereshith Rabbah section 98 (etymology) גנוסר = גני שרים princely gardens; Megillah 6ᵃ, see כִּנָּרָא; and elsewhere—plural גִּינֵּיסַרְיוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 70ᵃ bottom of the page שני גו׳ היו (correct accordingly) were there two places of the name of G.? ↗ original
גינירות , Tosefta Menachoth 9, 3, variant reading ניטרות, read נינורות, see נִיר↗ original
גִּינְּתָא (גנן, see גַּן) garden. Targum Onkelos Genesis 2, 8. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis XLXI, 4 גינא (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 גַּנָּא). Targum Psalms 56, 14 (second version). Constr. גִּינַּת. Targum Deuteronomy 11, 10; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 80 (proverb) לפום ג׳ גננא as the garden so the gardener (as the people so the leader); Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 2, 20ᵈ top כגִנְּתָה כן גננה. Bava Bathra 54ᵃ; and frequently—plural גִּינָּתָא, construct state גִּינָּת. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 2, 5.—גִּינָּן, גִּנָּן. Targum Isaiah 65, 3; 66, 17 (some edition גַּנָּן; see גיניאך). 5. גַּנָּא. ↗ original
גֵּיס (גנס; compare גנז a. כנס; Syriac (Peshitta) גסא divitiae Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 757) spoils, heaped up treasures. plural גִּיסִּין. Shemoth Rabbah section 9 (referring to Esther 1, 4) ששה ג׳ וכ׳ he showed them six collections every day, and not two of them alike; Esther Rabbah to the passage cited ששה ג׳ היה פותח וכ׳ (edition ניסין, נוסין, correct accordingly) six treasuries he opened to them etc.; (Yalkut Shimoni Esther 1046 תסבוריות; Targum 2 Esther 1, 4 בי גנזי). ↗ original
גִּיס 2 (גּוּס 2) intimate, familiar. Kethuboth 85ᵇ ואי … דגִ׳ ביה הא גִ׳ ביה (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) … דגייס … גָס ביה) but if it is one who is familiar with him (so as to use his name without a title), then, we may say, he spoke of him in a familiar way.—Fem. גָּיְיסָא. Kiddushin 81ᵃ ג׳ ביה she was on familiar terms with him.—plural גִּיסֵי, גָיְיסֵי. the same place (ibid.) 33ᵃ דגִי׳ בה רבנן where scholars are a familiar sight (and no attention is paid them). Kethuboth 28ᵃ גיי׳ בהדדי they are intimate with each other. ↗ original
גִּיס II ² (see the preceding, compare גִּיסָא 3) the wife’s sister’s husband, brother-in-law. Sanhedrin 3, 4 (27ᵇ) גִּיסוֹ (Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 7 אֲגִיסוֹ); and frequently—plural גִּיסִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 1, end, 46ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original
גִּיסָא 1 Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 3, 21ᵇ bottom of the page אֲגִיסֵיה דר׳ וכ׳ R. H.’s brother-in-law.—plural גִּיסֵי. Sanhedrin 28ᵇ אחי וג׳ brothers and brothers-in-law (two brothers having married two sisters). the same place (ibid.) תרי ג׳. ↗ original
גִּיסָא 2 (גוס 1) bold man. Chullin 18ᵇ he called out over him ג׳ ג׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) גיי׳ וגיי׳) bold man that thou art! ↗ original
גִּיסָא 3 (גוס 2) neighborhood, side. Kiddushin 33ᵃ באידך ג׳ on the other side (of the river); Eruvin 16ᵇ. Shabbath 110ᵃ בההוא ג׳ וכ׳ in a certain neighborhood of etc.—Yoma 77ᵇ. Bechoroth 44ᵇ אַגִּ׳ sideways. Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 9 when the kettle boils over, על גיסיה שפיך it pours over its own sides (wrath will hurt none but the man himself); and frequently—Transferred way, manner. Gittin 67ᵇ some argue להאי ג׳ וכ׳ one way and some the other way; and frequently—Niddah 66ᵃ [read:] לא תגלי … דכי היכי דתהוו עליך להן ג׳ וכ׳ (see Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) under the word דם 4, 752) do not tell thy friends, for as they wondered over thee on the one side (over thy bad luck), they may wonder on the other side (over thy good fortune, and bewitch it). [Chullin 17ᵇ אתרי גִיסָנֵי, Sh’eltoth d’R. Aḥai 92, edition אתלת רוחתא.] ↗ original
גִּיסָה (see גּוֹסֵס) agony of death, dying stage. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 9, 23ᵈ bottom of the page מקום גִּיסָתָהּ the place where the expiatory heifer died; Tosefta Sotah 9, 1 גִּיזָתָהּ. ↗ original
גִּיסְטְרָא (= גזרזרא, a reduplic. of גזר; for assimilation of sibilants compare Nöld. Mand. Gr. p. 45 and the following) something defective, mutilated;a large vessel which turned out defective or unwieldy, by having its handles broken off or being cracked, and is therefore used as a receptacle for refuse, as a pickling pot, as a receiver of drippings from a leaking vessel etc. Kelim 2, 6 גס׳ שנמצאת וכ׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a defective vessel found in the furnace (in which vessels are put for baking); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) Bava Kamma 3, 10 ואם היתה גסטרה but if the jug turned out a gistra, contradistinguished to נפחתה. the same place (ibid.) אי זו היא גסטרא כל שנסדקין אזניה וכ׳ (Kelim 4, 3 גיס׳ כל שניטלו וכ׳ …) when is a vessel called gistra? When its handles are split (broken off) etc. the same place (ibid.) 2 גי׳ שנתרועעה וכ׳ if a gistra is broken so as to be no longer a receptacle for liquids, though it may yet receive eatables, it is not susceptible of uncleanness, for there is no fragment of a fragment, i.e. a fragment of a gistra is no longer considered a vessel. Shabbath 96ᵃ (a leaking gistra is not considered a vessel) because nobody says הָבֵא ג׳ לג׳ bring a g. to be put under a gistra; and frequently an animal body maimed to disfigurement. Chullin 21ᵃ; 32ᵇ עשאה ג׳ נבלה if one made an animal a gistra by lacerating some of its limbs, it is considered a carcass. the same place (ibid.) 52ᵃ ג׳ קאמריתו ye speak of a maimed body (a rib on each side disjointed)! the same place (ibid.) 27ᵃ דלא לישוייה ג׳ that in cutting the animal’s throat one must not make it a gistra (by cutting the head off). Sanhedrin 52ᵇ דעביד ליה ג׳ that the culprit be cut in two.—Chullin 124ᵃ דעבדיה ג׳ he split the stove lengthwise.—plural גִּיסְטְרָאוֹת, גִּיסְטְרָיוֹת. Tosefta Kelim Bava Kamma 3, 8 שרובן מן הג׳ for most of the fragments of pottery found in the potter’s place come from misshaped vessels. Makhshirin 2, 3 ג׳ שישראל וכ׳ pots into which Israelites and gentiles cast their refuse.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, beginning 5ᶜ ממלא גִּצְרָא וכ׳ one may fill a large pot with hot ashes etc. (castra) camp, see גַּסְטְרָא. ↗ original
גִּיעוּל 1 (גָּעַל) the cleaning of an impure vessel by means of boiling water (Numbers 31, 23), see הַגְעָלָה. Zevachim 97ᵃ; Avodah Zarah 76ᵃ כל יום … ג׳ לחבירו every day the boiling done in the sacred vessel is the means of absorbing the soakings of the previous day.—plural גִּיעוּלִים, construct state גִּיעוּלֵי; (גוים, עכו"ם) ג׳ גכרים vessels of gentiles which require cleaning with boiling water before they may be used by Jews. the same place (ibid.) 67ᵇ; 75ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original
גִּיעוּל 2 (גָּעַל, see Job 21, 10), plural construct state גִּיעוּלֵי, ג׳ בציםabortive eggs driven off by striking the hen. Tosefta Terumoth 9, 5; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 10, 47ᵇ bottom of the page; Chullin 64ᵇ (Rashi: eggs scalded in hot water together with forbidden eggs, see the preceding). ↗ original
גֵּיףside, shore. Makhshirin 1, 4 על ג׳ הנהר Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition גַּב, R. Hai Gaon גַּף, see Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) Aruch Completum (Kohut) under the word note 9). ↗ original
גֵּיף ² Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 14, 9. the same place (ibid.) 15, 9 (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 some edition גַּף). the same place (ibid.) 2, 5 (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 גַּב, O. כֵּיף); and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 58ᵈ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 6, end 31ᵃ אייתיבוני על ג׳ נהרא וכ׳ place me at the shore of a river, and if I do not …, cast me into the river. the same place (ibid.) 13, 35ᵇ bottom of the page (גוף, correct accordingly); Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᶜ bottom of the page; and frequently ↗ original
*גִּיף (גּוּף 1) adultery, sensuality. Shabbath 104ᵃ, see אח"ס. ↗ original
גִּיפּוּף (גפף) embracing, hugging. Sanhedrin 56ᵇ ג׳ ונישוק embracing and kissing idols. closing up. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, 5ᵈ bottom of the page אחר גִּיפּוּפוֹ according as the stove is closed up. ↗ original
גִּיפּוּף ² (compare the preceding) railing, rim. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 25, 25; 27 (Hebrew text מסגרת; O. גדנפא).—plural גִּיפוּפִין, גִּיפוּפֵי. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 22, 8 (2 גופוף). Eruvin 89ᵇ ↗ original
גִּיפְטִי (Αἰγύπτιος) Epyptian, Coptic.—plural גִּיפְטִים. Megillah 18ᵃ גיפטית לג׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גפתית לגפתים) to Egyptian Jews etc.—Fem. גִּיפְטִיתin Egyptian or Coptic language. the same place (ibid.)—Shabbath 115ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) 115ᵇ תנא דג׳ the author of the rule concerning sacred writings in Egyptian etc. (the same place (ibid.)ᵃ). Cmp. גִּיוָוטָאֵי. ↗ original
גִּיפְתָּא a sort of peat or turf. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 4, 6ᵈ [read:] כמראי גו ג׳ I kept it warm in gifta. the same place (ibid.) על ג׳ on top of g↗ original
גיפתי , Eruvin 64ᵃ (missing in Munich manuscript), marginal version דִּיפְתִּי which see ↗ original
גֵּיצָאspark. Targum Job 18, 5 manuscript variant reading for גִּיהַּ.—plural גֵּיצִין, גִּיצִין. Targum Job 5, 7 (manuscript גֵּי׳ (edition גִּי׳, edition Vienna edition נצין). the same place (ibid.) 41, 11 manuscript (edition גּוּצִין). Targum Psalms 140, 11 (edition Vienna edition ניצין). ↗ original
*גִּיר 1 (Syriac גיר, Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 709 and the following, probably frequently גרר, compare גְּרָרָא) as a consequence, for etc. Targum Proverbs 29, 19 (agreeing with Peshito) ידע ג׳ דלא בליע edition Lagarde edition (variant reading ולא, edition דידע ג׳ ולא וכ׳, Peshito … בלע) for he understands (from being spoken to) only that he will receive no blows. [the same place (ibid.) 23, 14 אנת ביר וכ׳ manuscript (missing in edition), read: גיר (as in Peshito) thou, therefore, etc.] ↗ original
גִּיר 2 or גורto boil, effervesce, see H., see H. Dictionary under the word) lime. Shabbath 80ᵇ ביצת הג׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition הסיד), see בֵּיצָה.—Denom. גִּיֵּירto plaster. Echah Rabbah to 4, 11 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition סייד).—Chullin 88ᵇ bottom of the page הג׳ והזרניך quoted in Rashi to Exodus 16, 14 (edition only הז׳) powdered lime and orpiment. ink-stone, or sulphate of iron (sory). Betzah 15ᵃ ביצת הג׳ a lump of ink-stone (for blackening leather).—In gen. powder, in compounds גִּירְגִּבְסִיןpowder of gypsum; גִּירְקְרָרִין wax dust, see אַגֵּין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᵇ bottom of the page (perh. to be read in two words: lime, gypsum etc.). froth. Menachoth 8, 7 (87ᵃ) זרק הג׳ (Mishnah ז׳ את הגיד, correct accordingly) if the froth (of the fermenting wine) burst forth; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 9, 11 ג׳ של שמרים. ↗ original
גִּיר , lime, plaster. Daniel 5, 5.—Targum Onkelos Exodus 16, 14 דעדק כג׳ thin and brittle like a coat of lime (Hebrew text מחספס). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 27, 2 (Hebrew text סיד); and elsewhere—2) froth, foam. plural גִּירִין Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 15, 10 ג׳ דימא the foaming billows. [Targum Jeremiah 9, 14, read כגידין, see גִּידָּא 2.]—3) name of a disease, a sort of fever (?). Gittin 69ᵇ, see next word↗ original
גִּיר 3 (גרי, גרר; compare Biblical Hebrew שֶׁלַח) projectile, arrow. Targum Isaiah 37, 33. Targum Job 41, 20; and frequently—Gittin 56ᵃ שדא ג׳ וכ׳ he shot an arrow eastward. Bava Kamma 26ᵇ בעידנא דשדייה פסוקי מפסקי גִירֵיה (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) at the time he let his arrow off, its force was broken, i.e. when he threw the vessel down, polsters were there to prevent its breaking. Sukkah 38ᵃ דין ג׳ בעיניה וכ׳ this is an arrow in the tempter’s eyes, i.e. this enables us to defy him. Kiddushin 30ᵃ I should say to Satan ג׳ בעיניך I defy thee; the same place (ibid.) 81ᵃ.—Taanith 25ᵃ אגרי בך גִירַי I shall let my arrow loose against thee (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note; other version see גּוּר I Chaldaic (Aramaic)). Pesachim 28ᵃ, see גִּירָאָה; and frequently—ג׳ דלילתא (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) דלוליתא) the arrow of Lilith, supposed to be a wedge-shaped meteoric stone. Gittin 69ᵇ לגירא ליתי ג׳ דל׳ as a remedy for gira (see the preceding) let one get a gira of etc.—plural גִּירִין, גִּירֵי, גִּירַיָּא; גִּירְרִין, גִּירְרַיָּא. Targum 2 Samuel 1, 22. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 49, 23, Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 49, 23 (not גיד׳). Targum Psalms 120, 4; and frequently—Sanhedrin 108ᵇ גילי והוו ג׳ he threw chaff and it turned into arrows. Bava Bathra 73ᵃ; see בְּזַק. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 13ᵇ bottom of the page מן קל גורי וכ׳ (correct accordingly) from the hissing sound of the arrows; and frequently shoot of a plant. plural גִּירֵי. Shabbath 109ᵇ ג׳ דרוביא shoots of fenugreek; (other opinion in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) flax-seeds, Oxford manuscript גידא, see גִּידָּא I). ↗ original
גִּירָא 3 (גרר; compare גְּרָרָא) direct consequence of an active . Bava Bathra 22ᵇ בגירי דידיה (Rashi דיליה); the same place (ibid.) 25ᵇ and the following בגִירֵיה דיליה (Munich manuscript only בגיריה, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note); Bava Metzia 117ᵃ בגירי דיליה when the damage is a direct result of his active the same place (ibid.) 44ᵃ גירי דידיה וכ׳ it is his act that helped it (to get sour). [Rashi: his arrows in a metaphorical sense, see the preceding] ↗ original
גֵּירָא . Taanith 25ᵃ, see גּוּר I Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original
גִּירָאָה (denominative of גִּירָא 2) shooter, (Rashi:) arrow-maker. Pesachim 28ᵃ (proverb) ג׳ בגִירֵיה מקטיל וכ׳ (edition גירא, correct accordingly, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) when the shooter (arrow-maker) is killed by his own arrow, he is paid from the spinnings of his own hand. ↗ original
גִּירְדָּא 1 (גְּרַד) scraping, rind. Shabbath 109ᵇ גי׳ דאסניתא (edition גו׳ דאסינתא) the paring of etc., see אַסְנִיתָא. Kethuboth 77ᵇ, see אַשְׁפָּא. Avodah Zarah 28ᵃ גְּרָדָא דיבלא וגי׳ דאסנא (Munich manuscript גררא … וגוררא, early edition וגורדא) scraped root of cynodon and the paring of the bramble. Sotah 10ᵇ; Bamidbar Rabbah section 9 (proverb) קמי דשתי חמרא חמרא קמי רפוקא גי׳ דיבלא before wine drinkers, place wine; before a ploughman—a dish of scraped roots etc. 5. גַּרְדָּא. ↗ original
גִּירְדָּא 2 (גדד, with ר inserted) stump, stem. Pesachim 111ᵇ top גי׳ דדיקלא (variant reading גידא, גודא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 30) the stem of a palm tree (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh): rind, see the preceding). Bava Metzia 86ᵃ (Munich manuscript גידרא, Manuscript Rome 2 גיררא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). ↗ original
גֵּירוּי (גרי) instigation, provocation, stirring up. Sifré Deuteronomy 87, see הַסָּתָה; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 886. Tanchuma Balak. 2 (referring to Deuteronomy 2, 19) כל מיני ג׳ any sort of provocation (is forbidden); Bamidbar Rabbah section 20, beginning גירור (correct accordingly); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 765. ↗ original
גֵּירוּמִים (גרם) that which goes along, customary addition to weight or measure at sales. Bava Bathra 6, 11 נותן לו גֵּירוּמָיו (Babylonian edition 88ᵇ מין …, Yerushalmi (prefix) edition … מים) he must give him the due surplus. Sifra K’doshim Parah 9, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 8. ↗ original
גירונין , Targum 2 Chronicles 20, 25, some edition, read ריגונין. ↗ original
גֵּירוּעַ 1 (גָּרַע) 1) deduction from the price of redemption according to the years of possession (Leviticus 27, 18). Arachin 24ᵃ ליגאל בג׳ to be redeemed with due deduction. Bava Metzia 106ᵃ the Sabbath year לא תעלה לו בג׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition מן הג׳, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim section l. note 90) ought not to be counted in for deduction.—plural גֵּירוּעִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 6, beginning 36ᵈ סוף גֵּירוּעֶיהָ the final redemption of the Hebrew hand-maid. ↗ original
גֵּירוּעַ 2 (גָּרַע 2) the formation of globules or kernels in the grape. Berachoth 36ᵇ; Pesachim 53ᵃ הוא בוסר הוא ג׳, see בּוֹסֶר. ↗ original
גִּירוּתָאgirutha, name of an unclean bird, supposed to be moor-hen. Chullin 62ᵇ; Niddah 50ᵇ explained the hen of the marshes. Chullin 109ᵇ we are forbidden ג׳ to eat girutha. [Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גּוּרִיתָא, see Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) Aruch Completum (Kohut) 2, 378ᵃ.] ↗ original
גֵּירִי (denominative of גֵּר) belonging to a convert family, descendant of proselytes. Kiddushin 4, 1 (collectively); see Tos’foth Yom Tob ad loc. (on the passage) under the word כהני. ↗ original
גִּירְסָא 1 (גְּרַס 2) acquired learning, tradition, study by heart. Targum Song of Songs 1, 2 בג׳ for study by heart (oral tradition).—Megillah 6ᵇ לאוקומי ג׳ וכ׳ to preserve (remember) what one has learned, requires divine assistance. Shabbath 21ᵇ ג׳ דינקותא acquired in early youth (which is better remembered). the same place (ibid.) 30ᵇ לא … פומיה מג׳ did not cease studying by heart; Bava Metzia 86ᵃ מגִּרְסֵיה.—plural גִּירְסַיָּיא. Bava Bathra 22ᵃ they may be disturbed. מגִּירְסַייְהוּ in their studies. [In later literature גִּירְסָאversion.] ↗ original
גִּירְסָנָא (גְּרַס 2; Biblical Hebrew Ezek. 45, 9) acquisition, saving. Yevamoth 117ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) גִּירְסָנִי (Rashi גִּירְסְנָאִי) what is accumulated for me. ↗ original
גֵּירָעוֹן (= גֵּירוּעַ I) deduction. Arachin 25ᵇ בת ג׳ subject to the law of deduction. the same place (ibid.) 9, 7 (33ᵃ) ובג׳ כסף … יוצאים go back to their owners in the year of Jubilee or with a deduction from the purchasing price (Leviticus 25, 27). Kiddushin 1, 2 (of the Hebrew slave); and elsewhere ↗ original
גִּירְצָא (גרץ, see גְּרִיצָה) putting layers of dough on each other. Pesachim 37ᵃ נפישא בג׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) בלישא בגירסא, edition בלִישָׁה) because it grows thick by combination. ↗ original
גֵּיתָא (גאה, compare גֵּו, גֹּוי) [growth, accrued property,] herd, flock (corresp. to Hebrew מִקְנֶה). Targum I Chronicles 28, 1.—plural גֵּיתִין, גֵּיתֵי. Targum Amos 1, 1. Targum Genesis 46, 34; and frequently—Nedarim 38ᵃ (quoted frequently Targum Amos the passage cited). ↗ original
גֵּיתֵי (see the preceding, compare גֵּאִים) haughtiness, tyranny. Bava Kamma 114ᵃ דדייני בג׳ (Rashi בגֵיוְתָא, Manuscript Hamburg בגֵּיוְתָה, Manuscript Rome בגֵוְתֵי, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 2 for variant reading lect.) whom they (the gentile judges) convict tyrannically (not listening to arguments), opposite to Jewish judges who go by argument, points of law etc. [Rashi a. see מגיזתא, Bava Metzia 30ᵇ, quotes our word גִּיזְתַּיָּא; Manuscript Florence has גִּיזְתֵּי, frequently גזז with, anomalous plural arbitrary decisions, see מְגִיזְתָּא.] ↗ original
גַּלheap of stones, bones etc., especially rubbish, ruins. Sotah 9, 2 if the body of a murdered person was found טמון בג׳ buried in a heap. Kethuboth 15ᵇ לפקח עליו את הג׳ as to removing debris for saving one’s life (on the Sabbath). Shabbath 34ᵃ עשהו ג׳ של עצמות changed him into a heap of bones; and frequently—plural גַּלִּים, גַּלִּין. Niddah 9, 5. Kilayim 1, 2, see חֲזֶרֶת. Cmp. גִּילָּא. wave, billow. Mikvaoth 5, 6 ג׳ שנתלש a wave thrown on shore. Yevamoth 121ᵃ; and frequently—plural as above. Shemoth Rabbah section 19 הגיעוה ג׳ waves overcame her, i.e. she encountered storms; and elsewhere revolving door, turning on hinges or pivots. Shabbath 81ᵃ של ג׳ the pivot of a revolving door. 5. גִּלָּה. (see 70 Hosea 12, 12) turtoise. plural as above. Sifra Sh’mini, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 4, Parah 3. ↗ original
גַּלָּאheap. plural גַּלִּין. Targum Isaiah 25, 2. also גְּלָלָאwave. Koheleth Rabbah to 11, 1.—plural גַּלִּין, גַּלַּיָּא, גַּלֵּי, גְּלָלַיָּא, גַּלְלַ׳. Targum Zechariah 10, 11. Targum Psalms 42, 8 (some edition גְּלִילַ׳); and elsewhere Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Exodus 15, 18 [read:] בֵּנֵי גְּלָלַיָּיא between the waves.—Yevamoth 121ᵃ גלי אשפלו the waves may have cast him out (alive). revolving door. Bava Kamma 112ᵃ. Sanhedrin 113ᵃ bottom of the page דטרקיה לגַלֵּיה וכ׳ who locked his door and lost the key.—plural גַּלֵּי. Berachoth 28ᵃ טרוקו ג׳ close ye the (college doors); Avodah Zarah 58ᵃ. Bava Metzia 108ᵃ, see אִגְלָא. plural גַּלַּיָּא, גַּלֵּיexcrements, ordure. Targum Ezek. 4, 12; 15 (incorr. גְּלֵי). (see גִּלּוּל) Gallaya, cacophemism for similarly sounding idolatrous names. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, 43ᵃ bottom of the page; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 6 (7), 4, see גַּדָּא (Avodah Zarah 46ᵃ; Temurah 28ᵇ; see גַּלְיָא 2). Megillah 6ᵃ בית גליא שלהן their house of idolatry. [גלין, Shabbath 138ᵃ, see גִּלָּה.] [Targum 2 Kings 23, 6; Jeremiah 26, 23, see גְּלֵי.] ↗ original
גַּלְאַקְסִינוֹן (edition גלא ק׳) (γαλῆ Ἀξεινῶν) [fur of] the weasel imported by the Axeinoi (living around the Pontus Axenus or Euxenus); ermine (see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Pellis). Bereshith Rabbah section 20, end (גלא) גלי ק׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 2, 4ᵈ bottom of the page (rendition of תַּחַשׁ) גלקטינון; Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 9 גלטינון (correct accordingly). the same place (ibid.) והכלב גלבטינון (read גלכסינון) and the dog shall wear ermine fur. ↗ original
גְּלַב (compare גלח, גלש) to scrape, shave. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 19, 27.—5. גְּלִיבָא. ↗ original
גְּלַג , Pa'elגַּלֵּיג (reduplic. of גל, see גלה) to reveal (see Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 723), to announce. Bereshith Rabbah section 36 זיל גַּלֵּיג וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition זיל גְּלוֹג, not זילא) go, tell thy mother the good news; Vayikra Rabbah section 5.—Vayikra Rabbah section 25; Koheleth Rabbah to 2, 20 איזילי גליג לאימיך (not גליגי) I will go and tell thy mother. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Aniya, p. 137ᵃ [read:] כל מה דאת יכיל למיגלג גלג למישבח שבח as much as thou canst tell, tell; as much as thou canst praise, praise; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 339 (correct accordingly); (Pesikta Rabbati section 32 דרוש וכ׳). Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִיגַּלִּיגto boast. Vayikra Rabbah section 10 is it these דאת מִגַּלֵּיג עליהון of whom thou art so boastful? ↗ original
גַּלְגָּא (the preceding) revelation, preaching. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 1, 17ᵇ; Vayikra Rabbah section 26 [read:] מאי את בעי מן גַּלְגּוֹי דהדין do not mind this man’s boastful talk. ↗ original
גִּלְגּוּל (גלגל) rolling, turning. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 1, 16ᶜ bottom of the page כדי ג׳ ביצה as much time as is required for roasting an egg in the ashes; Bamidbar Rabbah section 9.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 3, 30ᵃ לאחר גִּילְגּוּלָהּ after the dough has been rolled (formed).—Kethuboth 111ᵃ ע"י ג׳ by rolling under the ground (for resurrection in the Holy Land). (with or without שבועה) the rule permitting the court to insert in an oath an affirmation to which the person concerned could not have been compelled directly; an oath by implication. Kiddushin 27ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 60ᵈ. Yevamoth 58ᵇ; Kiddushin the passage cited ע"י ג׳ by implication (the woman including in her oath the time of her betrothal); and frequently—4) (compare גַּל) בית ג׳a field full of hills and depressions. Tohoroth 6, 6; Eruvin 22ᵇ (variant reading in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גדגד, referring to גִּידּוּד). [Tosefta Bava Bathra 2, 16 בית גילגל, see גַּלְגַּל.] ↗ original
גִּלְגֵּלto roll, turn. Pirké́ d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 36 לגַלְגֵּל וכ׳ to roll (move) the stone.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, 6ᵃ top מְגַלְגְּלִין ביצה וכ׳ you may roll an egg (for roasting) on etc. Challah 3, 1 גִּלְגְּלָה (בחטים) when she has formed the dough (of wheat) by rolling; and frequently—participle pass. מְגוּלְגָּל, feminine מְגוּלְגֶּלֶת; plural מְגוּלְגָּלִים, מְגוּלְגָּלִין; מְגוּלְגָּלוֹת. 1) rolled. Pesachim 7ᵃ עיסה מג׳ a formed dough. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 1, 16ᶜ bottom of the page ביצים מג׳ roasted eggs; and frequently rounded. Bava Bathra 16ᵇ מה עדשה זו מְגוּלְגֶּלֶת אף אבילות מִגַּלְגֶּלֶת וכ׳ as the lentil is rounded, so does mourning roll and go around (different version in manuscript, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note, a. in Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 110, see גַּלְגַּל). [Menachoth 86ᵃ, see גִּרְגֵּר.].—2) (with על) to roll upon, to put on one’s shoulders, to burden, tax, assess. Kethuboth 8, 1 (78ᵃ) אתם מגלגלים עלינו וכ׳ you burden us with old restrictive laws. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 4, 35ᵇ אתם מג׳ וכ׳ ye impose upon us taxes etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 1, beginning 12ᵈ מג׳ עליו וכ׳ you make him bear the expenses for etc. to bring about, cause. Shabbath 32ᵃ; Tosefta Yoma V (4), 12 מגלגלין זכות ע"י וכ׳ good things are brought about through the agency of good men etc.; and frequently (see גָּלַל Nif'al) to overcome (one’s own feelings), to put up with, bear with. Kethuboth 67ᵇ רצונך שתְּגַלְגֵּל עמי בעדשים will you bear with me when I offer you only lentils? ג׳ עמו וכ׳ he tried to live with him on lentils, and died. the same place (ibid.) 111ᵃ ג׳ בעצמו he conquered his love and remained single. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 7, beginning 31ᵇ מגלגלת עמו וכ׳ she has to bear with him thirty days longer. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 8, 8ᵈ top גַּלְגֵּל עמהן וכ׳ bear with them twelve months (give them time for reconsideration). Hithpalp. הִתְגַּלְגֵּל, הִגַּ׳, , Nithpalp. נִתְגַּלְגֵּלto be rolled. Eruvin 10, 3 נ׳ הספר מידו the scroll rolled out of his hands (down the roof). Challah 3, 1 עד שתִּתְגַּלְגֵּל בחטים in the case of wheat flour, until it (the dough) is rolled, see above. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᶜ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, 35ᵇ top מִתְגַּלְגְּלִין their bodies are rolled underground, see גִּלְגּוּל. Bava Kamma 17ᵇ ונתג׳ למקום אחר but the barrel rolled to another place. Pesikta Rabbati section 6 מא"י נִתְגַּלְגְלָה וכ׳ from Palestine it (the stone) rolled and arrived just for this momentary use; and frequently to be turned, changed, transferred, caused. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 49 נתגלגלה המלכות על וכ׳ the royal dignity was transferred on Esther. Shevuoth 7, 8 נ׳ לו שבועה וכ׳ if by chance an oath is imposed upon him in another law-suit (with the same persons), the court makes him swear by implication etc.; see גִּלְגּוּל. (of waters) to tower, gather. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) V; Chaldaic (Aramaic) 23. (with רחמים) to prevail (over hatred etc.), be moved. Pesikta Rabbati section 20 נִתְגַּלְגְּלוּ רחמיו וכ׳ the Lord’s compassion was moved. Tanchuma Vayigg. 4; and elsewhere to throw one’s self upon, to attack. Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 350 (the same place (ibid.) 288 נתגאה). ↗ original
גַּלְגֵּל , to roll. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 28, 10 (2 גלל). the same place (ibid.) 29, 8 (O. גנדר); and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 6, 37ᵃ wait עד דִּיגַלְגֵּל עלן וכ׳ until he heaps upon thee all his claims, and then swear concerning all of them. the same place (ibid.) 7, end, 38ᵃ או אישתבע ליה כל דמְגַלְגֵּל עלך or thou must swear to him concerning all that he asks thee to swear to by implication.—participle pass. Berachoth 44ᵇ ביעתא מְגוּלְגַּלְתָּא an egg roasted in ashes, see the precedingIthpalp. אִיתְגַּלְגַּל, אִיגַּלְגַּל ; אִתְגְּלַל (frequently גְּלַל), אִתְגּוֹלַל (Ithpolel of גּוּל) as the preceding Hithpalp. 3. Targum Job 30, 14.—2) (with רחמין) as the preceding Hithpalp. 4. Targum I Kings 3, 26 איתגלגלו edition Lagarde edition (edition אִיתְגְּלָלוּ). Targum Onkelos Genesis 43, 30 אִתְגּוֹלָלוּ). Targum Hosea 11, 8 מתגללא edition Lagarde edition edition אִתְגּוֹלָלוּ). Targum Jeremiah 31, 20 אִתְגּוֹ׳. Targum 2 Chronicles 33, 13. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 26, 1; and elsewhere—3) to come about, to happen. Bava Metzia 40ᵃ, and elsewhere איגלגל מילתא it so happened in the course of time.—4) (denominative of גולגלתא) to crown, adorn one’s self. Esther Rabbah to 1, 4 whether with its own or with strange (feathers) מִתְגַּלְגְּלַת בת קבריא the raven will adorn itself; the same place (ibid.) 9. ↗ original
גַּלְגַּלthe preceding) wheel, especially the wheel-work at wells, crane etc. Middoth 5, 4. Tosefta Bava Bathra 2, 16 בית גולגל לרבים edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading גילגל) a public well. Bava Bathra 4, 5 את הג׳ the crane of the wine or oil press, see חוּמַרְתָּא. Eruvin 10, 14; and frequently globe, celestial sphere, especially the sphere of the zodiac. Yoma 20ᵇ, and elsewhere ג׳ חמה the revolution of the Sun. Pesachim 94ᵇ ג׳ קבוע ומזלות וכ׳ the sphere of the zodiac is stationary, and the planets make the circuit; ג׳ חוזר וכ׳ the sphere (wheel) turns around and the planets are stationary; and frequently—Bava Bathra 16ᵇ Munich manuscript מה עדש זה דומה לג׳ וכ׳ as the lentil resembles a sphere, so is mourning a sphere making a circuit in the world; (different interpretation or differently interpreted in edition, see גִּלְגֵּל); Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 110 מה עדשים האלו ג׳ וכ׳. the eye-ball. Bereshith Rabbah section 42; Vayikra Rabbah section 11; Ruth Rabbah introduction 6 (referring to עין משפט Genesis 14, 7) ג׳ עינו של עולם the eye-ball of the world (Abraham). Sanhedrin 108ᵃ בשביל ג׳ העין וכ׳ on account of (the covetousness of) the eye-ball (see next word); and elsewhere—plural גַּלְגִּלִּים. Makhshirin 3, 8 wheel works. Bava Bathra 58ᵃ שני גַּלְגִּלִּי חמה two Sun-globes.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Niddah 3, 50ᶜ bottom of the page ג׳ אדם וכ׳ the apples of man’s eyes are round.—Transferred the rotation of fortune, changes (see Bava Bathra 16ᵇ quoted above). Shabbath 151ᵇ (referring to בִּגְלַל Deuteronomy 15, 10) ג׳ הוא וכ׳ a wheel rotates in this world, i.e. changes of fortune take place constantly; Shemoth Rabbah section 31, and elsewhere—3) (= גַּרְגַּר) globule, grain. Shabbath 64ᵇ; 65ᵃ, see גַּרְגַּר.—plural as above. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 5, end, 52ᵃ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 14 Egyptian beans are those שגַּלְגִּלֵּיהֶן חדין (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) גלוגל׳, variant reading גלגל הן, correct accordingly) whose globules are pointed. ↗ original
גַּלְגַּל ²wheel. Targum Ezek. 1, 15 and the following גִּילְ׳ edition Lagarde edition Targum Psalms 83, 14; and elsewhere—Eruvin 104ᵃ למימלא בגי׳ to fill (draw water) with the wheel. Vayikra Rabbah section 34, see אַנְטְלַיָּא. globe, celestial sphere. Targum Psalms 77, 19. Targum Job 38, 33.—Bava Bathra 74ᵃ ג׳ דרקיע וכ׳ the sphere of the zodiac which turns around. eye-ball. Targum Psalms 17, 8 גִּילְגוּל edition Lagarde edition (other edition גִּלְגּוּל; manuscript גִּיגַּל).—Tamid 32ᵇ they handed him ג׳ דעינא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition גולגלתא incorr.) an eye-ball. the same place (ibid.) גולגלתא דעינא וכ׳ (read גילגלא) the eye-ball of a mortal which is never satisfied. Bava Bathra 73ᵇ stubble. Targum Isaiah 17, 13.—plural גִּלְגְּלַיָּא, גִּילְ׳. Targum Ezek. 1, 16 and the following—Targum Exodus 14, 25 גִּלְגְּלֵי edition Berlin edition (edition a. Yerushalmi (prefix) גַּלְגַּלֵי). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2 the same place (ibid.) גֶּלְגְּלַיָּא; and elsewhere—Koheleth Rabbah to 12, 6; Vayikra Rabbah section 18; and elsewhere—4) (see next word) a sort of girdle. plural גַּלְגְּלַיָּיה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᵇ bottom of the page (transl. of גליונים, Isaiah 3, 22), see גִּלְיוֹן 3. ↗ original
גִּלְגְּלִין (used as singular; גלל) girdle of net-work, bandage, wrap. Eduy. 3, 4 (Munich manuscript גנגלון, see below). Nega'im 11, 11 גלגלון.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 7, 56ᵇ bottom of the page נקבר אפי׳ ג׳ קטן וכ׳ if there is buried with the corpse even a small wrap (or belt), the law concerning decayed corpses (see רָקָב) finds no application. the same place (ibid.) if two corpses are buried beside each other נעשה ג׳ לזה וכ׳ each acts as gilg’lin to the other (suspending the law of rakab); Babylonian Nazir 51ᵃ; Niddah 27ᵇ גנגילון. Tosefta Kelim Bava Bathra 5, 9 גנגלין. Sifra Sh’mini Chaldaic (Aramaic) 11, Parah 10 גנגלים וגנגיליון (a fusion of two versions); the same place (ibid.) Aḥăré Parah 8, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 12 גינגליון; and elsewhere [variant reading lect.: גנגילון, גנגלון, גנגלים, influenced by the Latin cingulum to which our word nearly corresponds.] ↗ original
גַּלְגַּלְתָּא (גלל) ball, round stone. Gittin 47ᵃ חייתא וג׳ a bag and a stone (in it). ↗ original
גָּלַדto form a coating; to congeal, become solid. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 2ᶜ bottom of the page יִגְלֹד הרקיע let the (liquid mass of the) firmament solidify; Bereshith Rabbah section 4, beginning גָּלְדָה טיפה וכ׳ the intermediate layer of water solidified.—participle passiveגָּלוּד, feminine גְּלוּדָה (denominative of גֶּלֶד) skinned, flayed in consequence of bruises, scabs etc. Ḥull. 3, 2; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 7; and elsewhere Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִגְלִידsame. Tosefta Parah 9 (8), 8 הִגְלִידוּ froze. Niddah 56ᵇ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 6, 13 מַגְלִיד forms a clodded surface, opposite מקדיר penetrates. to form a rind, scab; see below. Hof. הֻפְעַל הוּגְלָדto be covered with a scab (of a wound). Ḥull. 51ᵃ הו׳ פי המכה Rashi a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition הִגְלִיד) if the top of the wound is covered with a crust; Kethuboth 76ᵇ; Tosefta Chullin 3, 11 הגליד. ↗ original
גְּלַד —participle pass. גְּלִידhoar-covered. Shabbath 152ᵃ טור תלג סחרנוהי גְלִידִין (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) the mountain (my head) is snow-covered, its sides (beard) hoary. [Vayikra Rabbah section 7, see next word] Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִיגְּלִידto be flayed. Chullin 46ᵇ, see אֲהִינָא; Sukkah 35ᵇ ↗ original
גֶּלֶדcoating, skin; thickness. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 3, 13ᶜ top עד מקום שעושה ג׳ the fifty cubits of legal distance from the inhabited place are counted from the end of the town to the place where he flays the carcass. Yoma 44ᵇ [read:] בכל יום היה גִּלְדָּהּ עב והיום דק (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) all the year around the pan was of a thick size, and this day (Day of Atonem.) it was thin. Bamidbar Rabbah section 13 קערה גִּילְדָּהּ … גִּילְדּוֹ דק the charger was of a heavy size, the bowl etc. Rosh Hashanah 27ᵇ if he scraped the Shofar והעמידו על גִּלְדּוֹ and reduced it to its due size. Vayikra Rabbah section 7 וא"ת דהוה ג׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גָּלִיד) but you may think the bronze on top of the altar was a solid mass, see גּוֹרְדְּיָינִי. scab of a wound, crust. Mikvaoth 9, 2 ג׳ שחוץ למכה (Maimonides גָּלִיד שעל גבי וכ׳) the scab surrounding the wound (Maimonides: on the wound).—plural גְּלָדִים, construct state גִּלְדֵּי, גִּילְדֵּי. the same place (ibid.) ג׳ צואה וכ׳ the scabby, dirty spots on one’s body. ↗ original
גִּלְדָּאplate, covering. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Numbers 7, 13 גי׳ סמיך (= גֶּלֶד עב, see the preceding).—plural גִּי׳ גִּלְדִּין Targum Ezek. 27, 24 חפן ג׳ (gold, or silver) plated. scab, scurf. plural גִּלְדֵּי, גִּי׳. Ḥull. 46ᵇ lungs full ג׳ ג׳ of scabs.—8) skin, leather. Targum I Samuel 17, 5 (see Lagarde edition 1, p. 16) שריין דגלד נוני ימא (edition שרין גלבין) a coat of mail made of the skin of sea-fishes (Hebrew text קשקשים).—Sanhedrin 110ᵃ; Pesachim 119ᵃ אקלידי וקלפי דג׳ (Munich manuscript קופלי, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) the keys and the locks (the stiff rims of the bags usually of metal) were of leather (so as to be of light weight). Berachoth 43ᵇ בגי׳ on the leather of the shoe, opposite פנתא, see אַפַּנְתָּא (Rashi: heel). ↗ original
גִּלְדָּאָה (the preceding) worker or dealer in leather, harness-maker etc.—plural גִּלְדָּאֵי, גִּילְ׳. Bava Metzia 24ᵇ; Chullin 48ᵃ and the following שוקא דג׳ harness-makers’ place. ↗ original
גִּלְדָּנָא (גלד) gildana, name of a certain fish with a thick fatty skin. Sanhedrin 100ᵇ לא תנטוש גיל׳ וכ׳ (Munich manuscript תפשוט) do not begin to strip the gildana from its gill, lest its skin go to ruin (a citation from Ben Sira). Bava Bathra 73ᵇ ההוא ג׳ וכ׳ that was a sea gildana (a small fish among the sea monsters). Horayoth 12ᵃ; Kerithoth 6ᵃ.—plural גִּלְדָּנֵי, גִּילְ׳. Tamid 32ᵇ ג׳ דמלחא Rashi (edition גולדנא) salted g. Berachoth 44ᵇ; Kethuboth 105ᵇ, see גִּילָא 2. ↗ original
גִּלָּה (גלל, compare גַּל 3) a valve, folding. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 12, beginning 13ᶜ מטה של ג׳ folding couch.—plural גִּלִּין. Babylonian Shabbath 138ᵃ כסא ג׳ camp chair. ↗ original
גְּלוּגְדְּקָא (popular corruption of lectica; for the prefixed guttural compare laena and χλαῖνα, lectum and κλίνη; see Liddell & Scott’s Greek Dictionary section lit. Γ) litter, sedan-chair. Betzah 25ᵇ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition גלודקי, Munich manuscript גלנדקי). Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 5, 5; Koheleth Rabbah to 9, 11 אפי׳ בגלק׳ לא וכ׳ could not even be carried in a lectica. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 8 בכל קדיקה; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 838 כל קרקיא (read בִּכְלֶקְדִּיקָא). the same place (ibid.) Leviticus 666 שלא יטייל אחריך בגלטק׳; Sifra B’har Parah 5, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 7 … יטול … בלנטיא) he (the Hebrew servant) shall not walk behind thee when thou art carried in the lectica, see לֶקְטִיקָא. Sifré Deuteronomy 37 גלגוטיקא; Yalkut Shimoni Kings 238 גלוגיקא.— (= lecticula) bier. Targum Job 15, 24 איטימוס לגלוגדיקא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) (edition לגלוגדק) ready for the bier (for death, compare 70). *foot-stool to the throne. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 24, 10 אתקניה גְּלוּגְדַּק וכ׳ (גִּיל׳ some edition) made the sapphire brick a foot-stool in place of the hypopodion etc.—Targum Lamentations 2, 1 גלוגדקא דרגלוהי (Hebrew text הדום רגליו). ↗ original
גָּלוּי (participle passive of גָּלָה) appearance, outside. Bereshith Rabbah section 45 אין סיתרה כגְלוּיָהּ her private conduct is not like her public appearance (she is insincere); the same place (ibid.) section 71.—בַּגָּ׳ in public, visible to all, opposite בסתר. Avoth 4, 4 he will be punished בג׳ in an ostensible way. Sotah 3ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original
גִּלּוּל , plural גִּלּוּלִים, גִּי׳ (Biblical Hebrew; filth (see גָּלָל), idols. Megillah 13ᵃ to clean herself מִגִּלּוּלֵי בית אביה from the contamination of her paternal idolatry. the same place (ibid.) מרדה בגילולי וכ׳ she rejected etc.—עובד ג׳, עבודת ג׳ (abbr. ע"ג) idolator, idolatry. In some edition for עכ"ום, ע"ז etc.; see זָר a. כּוֹכָב. ↗ original
גָּלוֹלָא (גלל) cast about, homeless. plural גְּלוֹלָאֵי, גְּלוֹלַיָּא. Echah Rabbah introduction, beginning Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see גָּלוֹיָא; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Dibré, p. 110ᵇ גליליא (variant reading גְּלוֹ׳, see Buber edition note ad loc. (on the passage)). 5. גְּלִילָה. ↗ original
גְּלוֹסְטְרָא (claustra, clostra, plural) fastening, lock, bar. Eruvin 10, 10 נגר שיש בראשו ג׳ a door bolt which has on its top a (movable) fastening contrivance (which may occasionally be used as a pestle). Shabbath 123ᵇ ג׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) ק׳, Munich manuscript repeatedly גלוסקר׳) the law about claustra, referring to Kelim 11, 4 ק׳. Shabbath 124ᵃ ג׳. ↗ original
גְּלוּסְטְרָאָה (the preceding) locksmith (claustrarius). Berachoth 22ᵃ R. Yehudah גלוסטרא (correct accordingly, Munich manuscript קלסתראה, Yoḥăsin Completum p. 148ᵇ קְלוּסְטְרָאָה). ↗ original
גְּלוּסְקָא common gender (a contraction of גלוסביקא or גלופסיקא, Lesbiacus, Lesbiaca, see כְּלוּפְסִין, לִבְסִים, קְלוּפְ׳, גְּלוּפְ׳; as to guttural before ל, see גְּלוּגְדְּקָא) relating to Lesbos (an island of the Aegean Sea, noted for its fertility and luxuries), Lesbian, whence [in Syriac] name of a brand of white flour (Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 726), a white and delicate bread (compare Athenæus Deipnosophistæ 3, 111). Tosefta Berachoth 4, 15 שלמה של גלוסקין an unbroken loaf of g’luskin, opposite של בע"הב home-made. Demai 6, 12 buy for me גְּלוּסְקָן אחד edition (accus.; Munich manuscript גלוסקא אחת, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) קין אחת …, Rabbenu Shimshon קלוסקן) one loaf etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 40ᵃ bottom of the page קלוסקין אחת; Eruvin 64ᵇ גלוסקין plural—Pesachim 6ᵇ he may find ג׳ יפה ודעתו עליה Rashi (edition ודעתיה עילויה, Munich manuscript יפיפיה) a fine gl. which he may have the intention of eating (in place of burning). Echah Rabbah to 1, 16 גלוסקאן; and elsewhere—plural גְּלוּסְקָאוֹת, גְּלוּסְקִין, קְלוּ׳. Shabbath 30ᵇ. Bereshith Rabbah section 88, beginning Echah Rabbah to 2, 12 גלו׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) קלסקין); and elsewhere a superior sort of olives already pressed when appearing in the market (θλασταί, σταφυλίδες, see Athenæus the passage cited 2, 56; compare כְּלוּפְסִין). Avodah Zarah 2, 7 זיתי קלוסקא המגולגלין Yerushalmi (prefix) edition 2, 10 (Mishnah זתים גלוסקאות, Babylonian edition 39ᵇ זיתי ג׳, Mishnah Nap. קלוסטא, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) under the word גלגל: קלוסטא, קלוסטרא). Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 40ᵇ (edition Pesachim a. other קלוסקא, Alfasi early edition גלוסטא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 4). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 42ᵃ bottom of the page הן זיתי ק׳ וכ׳zethé k’luska is the same as rolled olives. [Shemoth Rabbah section 30 גלוסקאות, see גְּלוֹסְקְמָא.] ↗ original
גְּלוֹסְקְמָא (γλωσσόκομον, see 70, 2 Chronicles 24, 8; as to ד for ג׳, see Liddell & Scott section lit. Δ) case, chest, coffin. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 7, 22ᵈ כמין גלוסקום a kind of casing; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 6, 49ᵈ bottom of the page גלוסקוים (correct accordingly).—Gittin 3, 3 if he found the document בג׳ … Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition בד׳) in a case; explained the same place (ibid.) 28ᵃ טליקא דסבי a box for elders (for keeping documents etc.); Bava Metzia 1, 8 Yerushalmi (prefix) edition ג׳ (Bava Metzia 20ᵃ; 20ᵇ a. Mishnah ד׳). Meïl. 6, 1 ג׳ (Babylonian edition 21ᵃ ד׳). Moed Katan 24ᵇ (ד׳) ג׳ הניטלת באגפיים a coffin carried by its handles.—plural גְּלוֹסְקְמִין, גְּלוֹסְקְמָאוֹת, דְּ׳. Megillah 26ᵇ דְּלוֹסְקְמֵי ספרים (Alfasi manuscript קְמָאוֹת …, edition סקאות …) cases for books etc.—Shemoth Rabbah section 30, end פותח הגלוסקאות (correct accordingly) he opens the cases (containing his goods). ↗ original
גְּלוּפְקְרֵי (cubicularia, supply (understood word) gausapina etc.) woolly bed-covers, blankets. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 24, 13 (Hebrew text שַׂלְמָה).—Shabbath 51ᵃ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3 (4), 20, opposite סדין linen sheets. Gittin 70ᵇ ג׳ וסדיני (variant reading גושפקי) shall we ascertain his sanity of mind, according to the season, by asking him whether he desires heavy or light covers? the same place (ibid.) 35ᵃ גלופקרין אחד Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition גלופקרא) one set of bed-clothes.—Kelim 29, 2 קלובקרין אחד (Bartenora, Bertinora גלופקרין, Babylonian edition אחת). Tosefta Shabbath 6 (7), 4; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 587. ↗ original
גְּלוֹשׁ (גלש) bald-headed. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 13, 41. ↗ original
גְּלוֹשׁוּתָא (the preceding) bald forehead. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 13, 42 and the following (some edition גְּלוֹשְׁתָּא). ↗ original
גָּלוּתexile; also (supply (understood word) בני) the exiled community, diaspora. Avoth 1, 11 שמא תחובו חובת ג׳ ye may be condemned to exile. Berachoth 56ᵃ, and elsewhere ג׳ מכפרת עון exile (leaving home) is an expiation. ג׳ בבל Babylonian captivity; ג׳ יון Greek (Syrian) dominion; ג׳ אדום Roman dominion. Shemoth Rabbah section 15.—Esp. banishment to the city of refuge (Numbers 35, 11 and the following). Makkoth 2, 6; and frequently—plural גָּלִיּוֹת. Arachin 12ᵃ שלש ג׳ three divisions of exiles; Bamidbar Rabbah section 23, end סנחריב הגלה … ג׳ Sennacherib carried them off in three divisions.—Pesachim 88ᵃ קבוץ ג׳ the reunion of the exiled. Menachoth 110ᵃ ג׳ של שאר וכ׳ the exiled of other countries (besides Babylonia). Betzah 4ᵇ שני ימים טובים של ג׳ the two Holy Days (in the place of the one Biblical) observed by those living abroad (whom the communications of the Palestinean authorities could not reach); and frequently ↗ original
גָּלוּתָא Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 20, 14. Targum Amos 1, 6; and elsewhere—ריש ג׳ Resh-Galutha, chief of the Babylonian Jews. Sukkah 31ᵃ; and frequently—plural גַּלְוָותָא. Targum Psalms 69, 1 גַּלְוַות edition Lagarde edition (other edition גָּלוּת singular). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 40, 10. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 30, 4 יהוין גַּלְוָ׳ edition Berlin edition (edition יהי גָלוּ׳, correct accordingly) thy exiles; and elsewhere—Sanhedrin 11ᵇ בני ג׳ דבבל וכ׳ the diasporas of Babylonia and all other diasporas (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). Chullin 60ᵇ that the Egyptians might not call his brothers ג׳ exiles↗ original
גָּלַח , Pi'elגִּלֵּחַ, גִּילֵּחַto cut the hair, shave. Nazir 6, 3. the same place (ibid.) 4, 6 ג׳ או גִילְּחוּהוּ וכ׳ if he himself or his friends cut his hair. Moed Katan 3, 1 ואלו מְגַלְּחִין וכ׳ the following are permitted to cut their hair during the festive week. the same place (ibid.) 14ᵃ מותר לְגַלֵּחַ; and frequently—participle passive מְגוּלָּח, feminine מְגוּלַּחַת. Nazir 4, 5 אשה מְגֻלַּ׳ a woman with her hair cut; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, end, 53ᶜ ↗ original
גְּלַח Chaldaic (Aramaic) Pa'el גַּלַּח same. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 13, 33; and frequently—Moed Katan 17ᵇ איבעי ליה לגַלּוּחֵי וכ׳ he ought to have his hair cut etc. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְגַּלַּח, אִיגַּלַּחto have one’s hair cut. Targum Judges 16, 17; 22.—Shabbath 110ᵇ לִיגַּלַּח וכ׳ let him have the middle part of his head shaved. ↗ original
גַּלְחִיGalḥi, a legendary place in the district of Sodom. Niddah 69ᵃ האי דינא … דייני בג׳ such justice which is injustice is dealt out in G. ↗ original
גלי (Biblical Hebrew) to be uncovered. Tosefta Mikvaoth 3, 1 a pit שגָּלַת edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) which was left open.—participle pass. גָּלוּיopen, revealed. Shabbath 55ᵃ ג׳ וידוע וכ׳ it is open and known to me. Berachoth 60ᵇ; and frequently 5. גָּלוּי. (of a place) to become bare of inhabitants (see Judges 18, 30; Jeremiah 1, 3); (of the inhabitants) to leave home, go into exile. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, 64ᵃ top בכ"מ שגָּלוּ … גָּלַת וכ׳ whithersoever Israel went as exiles, the Divine Majesty went with them (referring to נגלה, I Samuel 2, 27); Megillah 29ᵃ; and elsewhere—Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Haḥod. p. 48ᵃ אם ג׳ אחד מכם … כאילו גְּלִיתֶם כולכם if one of you is banished (by the Roman Government) to etc.: … as though ye all had been banished; Pesikta Rabbati section 15; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 8. Arachin 12ᵃ; Megillah 11ᵇ גָּלוּ בשבע they were transported to Babylonia in the seventh year (after the subjection of Jojakim). Makkoth 2, 1 אלו הן הַגּוֹלִין the following (involuntary homicides) have to leave for the city of refuge. the same place (ibid.) אינו גוֹלֶה is not bound to flee to etc. the same place (ibid.) 3 האב גולה ע"י הבן a father is banished for killing his son; and frequently Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶגְלָהto banish, carry into captivity. Makkoth 12ᵇ היו … מַגְלִין וכ׳ the Israelites executed the law of banishment in the desert. Bamidbar Rabbah section 23, end. Ruth Rabbah to 1, 1 ומַגְלָם מארצם and is the cause of their exile etc.; and frequently—Koheleth Rabbah to 12, 6 (play on גלת the same place (ibid.)) ‘the golden bowl’ is the gullet, שהיא מַגְלָה את הזהב ומריצה וכ׳ (not שהיה; Vayikra Rabbah section 18 שמכלה, correct accordingly) which banishes the gold and makes the silver run, i.e. which impoverishes the glutton. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִגְלָהto be discovered, exposed to view; to reveal one’s self, appear. Tanchuma Sh’moth 19 נ׳ עליו בקולו וכ׳ He revealed Himself to Moses with the voice of Amram etc.; Shemoth Rabbah section 3. Shemoth Rabbah section 2, end בכ"מ שהשכינה נִגְלֵית wherever the Divine Glory appears. Sanhedrin 2, 1, see כָּסָה 2; and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל גִּלָּה, גִּילָּהto uncover, remove; to discover, reveal, publish. Shemoth Rabbah section 15, beginning גִּלּוּ הצדיקים וכ׳ the righteous uncovered their heads. Sotah 5, 2; Bereshith Rabbah section 21 מי יְגַלֶּה עפר וכ׳ Oh that one would remove the dust from over thy eyes, i.e. Oh, that thou wouldst resurrect!; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᵈ bottom of the page—Shabbath 88ᵃ מי גי׳ וכ׳ who revealed this secret to my children? Megillah 3ᵃ; and frequently—ג׳ משפחות to expose to suspicion the legitimacy of families. Tosefta Nazir 1, 3; Kiddushin 71ᵃ.—ג׳ פנים בתורה (שלא כהלכה) a) to interpret the Law in opposition to the adopted sense, tomisinterpret, pervert. Avoth 3, 11; and elsewhere b) to put the Law to shame by treating its teachers irreverently. Sanhedrin 99ᵃ; and elsewhere—ג׳ פנים (in gen.) to expose, put to shame. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 44, see לָבַן 2.—participle pass. מְגוּלֶּה, feminine מְגוּלָּהuncovered. Parah 11, 1; Chullin 9ᵇ; and frequently plural מְגוּלִּין. the same place (ibid.); and frequently Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְגַּלֶּה, נִתְגַּלto be revealed; to be exposed. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 23 ונתגל בתוך האהל his nakedness was exposed etc. Yoma 9ᵇ נתג׳ עונם their sins were public (they did not hide them); נתג׳ קיצם the end of their captivity was revealed (through prophecy). Nazir 23ᵇ נ׳ קלונו his disgrace is published.—Pesachim 119ᵃ; and frequently—Tanchuma Mishpatim 6; Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 956, see גָּלַע. ↗ original
גְּלֵיto reveal, uncover. Targum Numbers 22, 31. Targum Amos 3, 7; and frequently—participle גָּאלֵי. Targum Proverbs 20, 19. to go into exile, go away, disappear. Targum Hosea 10, 5.—the same place (ibid.) 11, 11 דִּיגְלוֹ those who were exiled. Targum Amos 5, 5 מִיגְלָא יִגְלוּן (some edition ילפון, correct accordingly); and frequently—Berachoth 56ᵃ אִגְלֵי I will leave home; גלא לבי רומאי he emigrated into Roman territory. Pesachim 49ᵃ לא גְלָאִי I should not have emigrated; לא גלאי כדגָלֵי אינשי I did not emigrate (voluntarily) as others do. Koheleth Rabbah to 9, 10 את הוית גָּלֵי וכ׳, see אֲלַף 2.—participle גָּלֵי, plural גָּלַיָּא, feminine גָּלָןexiles. Targum Nahum, Book of 2, 8 בגָלַיָּא edition among the exiles (on foot; edition Lagarde edition בגִילַּיָּא, see גִּילּוּיָא, Hebrew text גֻּלְּתָה). Targum Amos 6, 7 גָּלָן the exiled communities.—Targum 2 Kings 23, 6 קברי ג׳ (some edition גַּלּ׳) the graves of the homeless (Hebrew text בני העם).—participle pass. גֱּלֵי, גֲּלִי, גְּ׳, גַּלְיָאknown, revealed; uncovered. Daniel 2, 19; 30. Targum Job 23, 10. Targum I Samuel 3, 1; and frequently—Targum Onkelos Exodus 14, 8 בריש ג׳ openly (Hebrew text ביד רמה). Pa'el פִּעֵל גַּלֵּי as the preceding Pi'el—Targum Leviticus 18, 6 and the following; and frequently Gittin 31ᵇ ג׳ לדרעיה he uncovered his arm. Avodah Zarah 28ᵃ; Yoma 84ᵃ דלא מְגַלִּית that thou wilt not divulge it. the same place (ibid.) מְגַלִּינָא I shall divulge. Chullin 113ᵃ תנא סיפא לגַלּוּיֵי רישא the second clause is stated in order to throw light on the first. Gittin 34ᵃ גַּלּוּיֵי דעתא, see גִּילּוּיָּא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 5, end, 52ᵃ מן דגַלִּית לך חספא אשכחת מרגניתא (not דגליית) after I removed the potsherd, thou foundest the pearl, i.e. but for my teaching, you would not have found the truth which you now claim as your own discovery; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 9, 33ᵇ bottom of the page (correct accordingly); [in Babli דלאית, see דלי]. Af'el הִפְעִיל אַגְלֵיto banish. Targum 2 Kings 15, 29; and frequently—Sanhedrin 94ᵃ. [הַגְלִי Ezra 4, 10; and elsewhere] Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִיתְגְּלֵי, אִיגְּלֵיto be uncovered, revealed etc. Targum Isaiah 62, 1. the same place (ibid.) 51, 9 אִיתְגְּלָא reveal thyself (Hebrew text עורי). Targum 2 Samuel 6, 20 דא׳ who exposed himself; and frequently—Sanhedrin 109ᵇ אִיגְּלָאִי מלתא the fact became known. Rosh Hashanah 22ᵇ, and frequently כל מילתא דעבידא לאִיגְּלוּיֵי וכ׳ people are not presumed to tell a lie which is likely to be found out. Sotah 22ᵇ מאי דמִגַּלְּיָא מגליא what is visible is visible, i.e. man judges only by what he can ascertain, opposite מטמרא.—Rosh Hashanah 21ᵇ whence do we know that alilלישנא דמִיגְּלֵי הוא has the meaning of being clearly visible? Avodah Zarah 30ᵃ איגלי ליה חמרא his wine was found uncovered. Betzah 3ᵃ מִגְּלוּ וקיימי remain visible; and frequently to be led into captivity. Targum Jeremiah 40, 1. ↗ original
*גַּלִּי (compare γάλιον) galium, bed-straw, an odoriferous plant. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 21, 12 [read:] דמרבי חילפי וג׳. ↗ original
גֱּלֵי , participle passive of גְּלָא.—plural fem. גַּלְיָין. Targum Proverbs 31, 27 (edition Lagarde edition גלין). ↗ original
גַּלְיָא 1 (Gallia) Gaul, country of the Gauls in Europe. Yevamoth 63ᵃ ships going מג׳ לאספמיא from Gaul to Spain. Gallia or Galatia in Asia Minor. Rosh Hashanah 26ᵃ. Kethuboth 60ᵃ Naḥum איש ג׳ the Galatian. ↗ original
*גַּלְיָא 2 (גלי) revelation. בית ג׳a place or temple for oracles. Avodah Zarah 46ᵃ היו קורין אותה בית ג׳ קורין אותה בית כריא when they (the idolators) call a place Beth-Galia, Israelites should call it Beth-Kharia, see כַּרְיָא; Temurah 28ᵇ.—Megillah 6ᵃ (referring to Zechariah 9, 7) זה בית ג׳ שלהן that means their temple. 5., however, גַּדָּא a. גַּלָּא. ↗ original
גִּלָּיוֹןblank parchment, margin of scrolls. Yadayim 3, 4 ג׳ … שמלמעלן וכ׳ the blank portions of a sacred book, the upper, the lower margins and those at the beginning and the end; Shabbath 116ᵃ Munich manuscript (edition plural). Menachoth 30ᵃ.—plural גִּלְיוֹנִין, גִּילְ׳. Shabbath the passage cited, see above. the same place (ibid.) הג׳ של ס"ת (Munich manuscript singular) blank parchments of, or intended for, a sacred book. (a satirical adaptation of ἐυαγγέλιον, see אָיֶן) gospel. Tosefta Shabbath 13 (14), 5 הג׳ וספרי מינין; Shabbath the passage cited הג׳ וספרי הצדוקים (Munich manuscript הגליון … מינין) the gospels and books of heretics; [disputants, Shabbath the passage cited, take our word in the sense of blanks]. the same place (ibid.) and the following, see אָוֶן. (see Isaiah 3, 23; compare גִּלְגְּלִין) a girdle of fine material. Bereshith Rabbah section 19 (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גליונים; edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) גולין, correct accordingly). ↗ original
גְּלִילָאָה , Galilean. Eruvin 53ᵇ ג׳ שוטה (Munich manuscript גלילא) foolish Galilean, see אִימַּר.—Sanhedrin 113ᵃ ההוא ג׳ a certain Galilean; Shabbath 88ᵃ. Chullin 27ᵇ; and elsewhere—plural גְּלִילָאֵי. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 6, 15ᶜ top of the page ↗ original
גְּלִילָה (גלל) casting about, contempt. Sanhedrin 94ᵇ (play on גליל הגוים, Isaiah 8, 23) אני עוש׳ אותו ג׳ בגוים Munich manuscript (edition אעשה לו גליל) I will make him (Sennaherib) contemptible among the nations; Yalkut ShimoniKings 237. ↗ original
גְּלִילִי (גָּלִיל) Galilean. Yadayim 4, 8 צדוקי ג׳ Mishnah edition (Talmud edition only צדוקי) a Galilean Sadducee (heretic).—ר׳ יוסי הג׳ R. José the Galilean. Pesachim 28ᵃ; and very frequently, see יוֹסֵי.—*plural גְּלִילִים, גְּלִילִין. Kelim 2, 2 הפכים הג׳ Galilean flasks; Tosefta Kelim Bava Kamma 2, 2 הפכין והג׳ (read הפכין הג׳); the same place (ibid.) 9. [Cmp., however, גָּלָל.] ↗ original
גְּלִילְתָּא (see גִּלָּה) folding. Shabbath 47ᵇ מטה גליל׳ Munich manuscript (edition גללני׳, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גיליתא) folding couch, cot↗ original
גְּלִים (גְלַם 1) wrapper, cloak. Targum Onkelos Genesis 25, 25 edition כִּגְלִים (edition Berlin edition כָּכְלָן, see כִּילַן, variant reading כִּגְלָם). Targum 2 Esther 8, 15.—Shabbath 77ᵇ it is called g’lima, שנעשה בו כגוֹלֶם edition (Munich manuscript שנעשית כגו׳) because one looks in it like a shapeless (armless) body (Munich manuscript it is rolled up like a lump). Sanhedrin 102ᵇ שיפולי ג׳ trail of the cloak; and frequently—plural גְּלִימֵי. the same place (ibid.) 110ᵃ ↗ original
גְּלִימָא 2 (גְּלַם 2) height, hill—plural גְּלִימָתָא, גַּלְמָתָא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Numbers 23, 9, Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 23, 9; Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 49, 26 גּוֹלַמְתָא (read גּוֹלְמָ׳). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2 the same place (ibid.) 11 and the following גּוֹלְמָתֵיה his hills. Targum Psalms 72, 3 גַּלְמָ׳. valley. Targum Job 39, 21. Targum Joshua 18, 28 variant reading (edition Lagarde edition 1, p. 830גְּלִימַת).—plural גְּלִימָתָא, גַּלְמָתָא. Targum Job 39, 10. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 21, 19.—גְּלִימִין. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Beshallach p. 93ᵃ ומחית ליה ג׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גַּלְמָן) and carried him down the valleys. ↗ original
גַּלֵּינֵי (γαλήνη) calm, stillness of wind and wave. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 15, 15ᵈ top אם (היה) הים ג׳ וכ׳ if there was a calm sea, and you looked around and there was none etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 4, 21ᵈ bottom of the page גלנו edition Krot. (correct accordingly). ↗ original
גְּלִיפָא (see next word) shaping (of writing), impress, poetry. Targum Psalms 16, 1 ג׳ תריצא a well-arranged poetry (Hebrew text מכתם). the same place (ibid.) 119, 130 גְּלִיף דבריך the impress of thy words (Hebrew text פֵּתַח). ↗ original
גַּלִּיצוּרGallitsur, name of an angel. Pesikta Rabbati section 20 (defined מְגַלֶּה טעמי צור revealing the reasons of the Creator); Yalkut Shimoni R’ubeni, Mishpatim end ג׳ המכונה רזיאל G. surnamed Raziël. ↗ original
גָּלְיַת (Biblical Hebrew) Goliath, the Philistine. Sotah 8, 1 בנצחונו של ג׳ relying on the strength of G. the same place (ibid.) 42ᵇ גׄלׄיׄת … בגׄילׄויׄ פנים וכ׳ he is named G., because he stood before the Lord with barefacedness (defiance). Vayikra Rabbah section 5; and frequently ↗ original
גָּלַל (Biblical Hebrew) to roll, unfold, fold. Megillah 32ᵃ he opens (the scroll), sees the place (to read from), גּוֹלֵל ומברך rolls it up again and says the benediction. the same place (ibid.) הגּוֹלֵל ס"ת וכ׳ he who rolls the scrolls up (preparing the place to read from). Bava Metzia 2, 8 (29ᵇ) גוֹלְלָן he must roll the scrolls over (for the purpose of airing); and frequently (see Genesis 29, 3) to roll off (one’s shoulders), disregard. Bereshith Rabbah section 21 (play on גללו, Job 20, 7) על שג׳ מצוה וכ׳ because he disregarded a light command. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִגְלַלto be rolled, folded. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 5, 14 והיו נִגְלָלִין they could be folded up. Sanhedrin 68ᵃ my two arms which are like two scrolls of the Law שנגללין rolled up (not unfolded, i.e. with me learning is buried which I was prevented from teaching).—Transferred, with על, to be rolled on top of, to prevail. Berachoth 7ᵃ יִגּוֹלּוּ רחמי על וכ׳ may my mercy prevail over my attributes (of justice etc.). the same place (ibid.) יגולו רחמיך; see גִּלְגֵּל. Hof. הֻפְעַל הוּגְלָלto be rolled up, folded. Taanith 21ᵇ; Menachoth 95ᵃ הוּגְלְלוּ הפרוכות when the curtains (of the Tabernacle) were folded up (for removing). ↗ original
גְּלַל , to roll, unfold.—participle passive גְּלִילunfolded, visible. Targum Song of Songs 5, 14. Pa'el פִּעֵל גַּלֵּלto roll off. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 28, 10 (some edition לִגְלָלָא Pe.). Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְגְּלַל , see גַּלְגֵּל, Ithpalp. ↗ original
גָּלָלthe preceding) rolling along with, appendage. Menachoth 15ᵃ; Pesachim 13ᵇ לחם ג׳ תודה the bread is an appendage of the thank-offering; Menachoth 80ᵃ לִגְלַל תודה.—בִּגְלַל in consequence of, on account of, see next wordsomething rolled, rounded, ball, ordure, excrement, dung. Bava Kamma 3, 3 ההופך את הג׳ he who upturns (throws up) ordure into the street.—plural גְּלָלִים, גְּלָלִין. Shabbath 153ᵇ להטיל ג׳ to cast excrements (of animals). Vayikra Rabbah section 16; Esther Rabbah to 3, 1 מה הג׳ הללו וכ׳ as the dung is repulsive. (with כְּלֵי) a material used for vessels, supposed to be baked ordure. Kelim 10, 1. Parah 5, 5. Mikvaoth 4, 1; Shabbath 16ᵇ. Menachoth 69ᵃ; 69ᵇ; and frequently [Rashi to Shabbath the passage cited explained ג׳ = שייש, marble, to Menachoth the passage cited = צפיעי בקר.] ↗ original
גְּלָלuntrimmed stone, cobble (see גְּוִיל). [Ezra 5, 8.]—Chullin 63ᵃ אתא ג׳ a stone fell (from on high); Yalkut Shimoni Zechariah 578 גלאלא. Gittin 47ᵃ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition גַּלְגַּלְתָּא). Avodah Zarah 22ᵇ, see דַּגָּלָא. lump.—plural גְּלָלֵי. Chullin 112ᵃ bottom of the page תרי ג׳ דמלחא Rashi (edition ג׳ מלחא) two lumps of salt. ordure, see גַּלָּא.—plural as above. Bava Kamma 92ᵇ (proverb) a dog in his hunger ג׳ מבלע (Manuscript Hamburg singular) will swallow excrements (Rashi: stones). wave, see גַּלָּא. consequence; בג׳ on account of, in order to. Targum Psalms 40, 12 (manuscript ג׳ היכנא). Targum 2 Chronicles 24, 25; and elsewhere ↗ original
גְּלַלְנִיתָא (the preceding) ball-shaped, lump. מילח׳ ג׳salt in lumps, rock-salt. Chullin 114ᵃ; Kiddushin 62ᵃ folding, see גְּלִילְתָּא. ↗ original
גָּלַםto roll up, to unshape. Denom. גּוֹלֶם. (denominative of גּוֹלֶם) to calculate in a lump, fix an arbitrary price, opposite דקדק to calculate exactly. Sifra B’har, Parah 6, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 9; Bava Kamma 113ᵇ יכול יִגְלוֹם עליו you might think, he (the redeemer of the Jewish slave in possession of a gentile) was permitted to force an arbitrary price upon him (the gentile); [Rashi: (גלם to double) he (the gentile owner) might be permitted to ask an exorbitant price].—participle passive גָּלוּם, feminine גְּלוּמָה 1) wrapt up. Sotah 42ᵃ, see גַּלְמוּד.—2) roughly shaped, unfinished. plural גְּלוּמִים, גְּלוּמוֹת. Sifré Numbers 158, see גּוֹלֶם. Shemoth Rabbah section 30 מצות גלומות rough laws (containing no details, assigning no reasons; variant reading lect. גולמות, גּוֹלָמִיּוֹת, frequently גּוֹלָמִי). ↗ original
גַּלְמוּד format., see Fürst H. Dictionary under the word) like a shapeless, lifeless lump, whence (compare דמם) lonely, melancholy. Sotah 42ᵃ in the sea-towns קורין לנידה ג׳ they call the menstruous woman galmudah; Rosh Hashanah 26ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) (phonetic etymol.) גמולה (דא) מבעלה she is weaned (separated) from her husband; [Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Pesachim a. Venice גלומה, which version, however, disagrees with the reference to Genesis 21, 8 in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word]. Bereshith Rabbah section 31; section 34 (referring to Job 30, 3) when there is want in the world etc. ג׳ הוי רואה … כאילו ג׳ be lonely; look upon thy wife, as if she were menstruous; Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, end, 64ᵈ עשה אשתך ג׳ make thy wife lonely. [Cmp. Sanhedrin 22ᵇ, quoted under the word גּוֹלֶם.] ↗ original
גַּלְמוּדָא (the preceding) (euphem.) a menstruous woman. Bereshith Rabbah section 79, end they heard a woman say to her friend ג׳ אנא I am galmuda (for נדה), from which they learned the meaning of galmudah in Isaiah 49, 21 (see corrupted version in ‘Rashi’ ad loc. (on the passage)). ↗ original
גָּלַעto scratch off, rub; lay open. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִגְלַעto be opened through rubbing or scratching, to bleed. Niddah 8, 2 (58ᵇ) והיא יכולה להִגָּלֵעַ וכ׳ (Bartenora, Bertinora להתגלע) and it (the wound) may have been bruised so as to bleed. Pi'el פִּעֵל גִּלֵּע, גִּילֵּ׳ (with ב of person) to detract from, lay bare the ignorance of, attack. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 8, end, 9ᵈ משום שלא לגְרוֹעַ בו וכ׳ (did they send him off) in order not to see him exposed, or because he was not fit (to argue)? What is the difference? היה דרכו לגַלֵּע א"ת משום שלא לגלע בו וכ׳ It was his (Rabbi’s) habit to begin with vehement argument; now, if you were to say, ‘in order not to see him exposed’, his exposure was in his own hand (he being the attacking part) etc. the same place (ibid.) מה היה לו לגַ׳ בו what could he have attacked (on that subject of androgynos)? Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְגַּלֵּעַ, , Nithpa. נִתְגַּלֵּעַto be scratched open, see above. to be laid bare, be argued. Sanhedrin 6ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 18ᵇ (referring to Proverbs 17, 14) (עד שלא נתג׳) קודם שנתג׳ הריב נטוש before the case of litigation has been laid open (fully argued), you (the judge) may compromise it etc.; Tanchuma Mishpatim 6; Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 956 נִתְגַּלֶּה, יִתְגַּלֶּה). ↗ original
גָּלַף (compare גלב) to dig out, engrave; to shape, form. Bereshith Rabbah section 47; section 53; section 63 ג׳ לה הקב"ה וכ׳ the Lord shaped a womb for her.—participle passive גָּלוּףengraven. Tanchuma Balak 14.—Pi'elגִּלֵּף same. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Ăniya, p. 137ᵃ מְגַלְּפִין בו shaping it; Pesikta Rabbati section 32 מפליגים (correct accordingly). ↗ original
גְּלַף 1 Targum I Kings 7, 36. Targum Exodus 28, 9; and elsewhere—participle passive גְּלִיף. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) the same place (ibid.) 11; and elsewhere—plural גְּלִיפָן, גְּלִיפַן. Targum Exodus 39, 6; and elsewhere ↗ original
גְּלַף 2 (the preceding) engraving, setting. Targum Exodus 28, 11. Targum Haggai, Book of 2, 23; and elsewhere ↗ original
גָּלַשׁto come in sight, to come forth. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 1 (referring to שגלשו מהר וכ׳ the same place (ibid.)) הר שגלשתן מתוכה עשיתיו גלעד לאו"ה (not … תי) the mountain (of trouble) out of which ye came in sight again (ye escaped), I (the Lord) made it a hill of witness (a warning) to the nations; אי זה זה ים סוף what is this? It is the Red Sea [which R. Joshua … translated into Chaldean: טורא דאתנהרתון מן גווה]; the same place (ibid.) to 4, 4 הר שג׳ … הר סיני I made your escape memorable to the nations, it is Mount Sinai (by the giving of the Law); the same place (ibid.) repeatedly (referring to various escapes from dangers). Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִגְלִישׁto bring to light, to publish. the same place (ibid.) to 4, 1 ומה הגלשה הִגְלַשְׁתִּי וכ׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) גלשה) and what publication (institution or law) have I (the Lord) brought to light out of that event? *. הוּגְלָשׁ (denominative of גֶּלֶשׁ baldness) to be made hot enough for scalding the hair or feathers of an animal’s skin. participle מוּגְלָשׁ, plural מוּגְלָשִׁיןseething water. Pesachim 37ᵇ (Rabad to Eduy. 5, 2 quotes a version מַגְלוֹשִׁיןscalding water, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) מֵי גְלָשִׁים, frequently גֶּלֶשׁ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Challah 1, 58ᵃ top חַמִּין). ↗ original
גְּלַשׁ ; to shine, be bald; see גְּלוֹשׁ, גְּלוֹשׁוּתָא etc.—participle passive גְּלִישׁ = Hebrew מוּגְלָשׁ (see the preceding) brought to scalding heat, boiling over. Koheleth Rabbah to 8, 9, see גִּיסָא 3. ↗ original
*גַּלְשָׁאbright or bald lines. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 1 (a gloss to גלש) a woman whose hair is thick עבדא לה ג׳ ג׳ parts it so as to show white lines; הדא מוצינא כההוא לפי טבאות הוא עבד ג׳ ג׳ (probably to be read … בוצינא כד הוא) a young pumpkin, when it sprouts nicely, produces bright stripes. ↗ original
גַּלְשׁוּשִׁיתָא (גלש) public monument. Targum Song of Songs to 4, 1 (see Shir HaShirim Rabbah to the same place (ibid.) under the word גָּלַשׁ). [Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) reads גבשושיתא, but the phonetic interpretation refers to שגלשו of the Hebrew text.] ↗ original
גִּלְשְׁלוּשְׁתָּא = גְּלוֹשׁוּתָא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 13, 42 and the following ↗ original
גַּם 1 [junction,] too, also. Sanhedrin 108ᵇ; Taanith 21ᵃ ג׳ זו לטובה this, too, is for the best. איש גם זו, see גִּמְזוֹ. the particle gam in the Bible text. Bava Kamma 94ᵃ ג׳ לב"ה קשיא the gam (Deuteronomy 23, 19) is unaccounted for according to Beth Hillel’s opinion; Temurah 30ᵇ. Esther Rabbah to 1, 9 (referring to גם the same place (ibid.)) אין ג׳ אלא ריבויgam intimates an amplification, and elsewhere—plural גַּמִּים, גַּמִּין Bereshith Rabbah section 1; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 14ᵇ bottom of the page אתין וג׳ ריבויין the eths and the gams intimate an extended qualification (by implication), see אֵת. ↗ original
גַּם 2 (the preceding) joint, angle, especially two sides of a rectangle. Eruvin 55ᵃ כמין גם Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition גאם) in the shape of a right angle. Zevachim 53ᵇ גמא (Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 441 גאם). Pesachim 8ᵇ שורה אחת כמין ג׳ one row of wine vessels, in the shape of etc., i.e. the front and the whole upper layer. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 27ᵇ bottom of the page קולפו כמין גם.—Kelim 14, 8 (מפתח) של גם שנשבר מתוך גומו a key whose bit is joined (opposite to של ארכובה of one piece) broken at its junction. [Shabbath 105ᵃ על הגם Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), edition על הגַּס, which see]—plural גַּמִּים, גַּמִּין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim the passage cited קולפו כמין שני ג׳ he takes off for examination two front and two upper layers, see above. the same place (ibid.) if the vessels are arranged like steps קולפו ג׳ ג׳ he must examine by front and upper layers on each landing. Bava Metzia 28ᵃ מדת גַּמָּיו the combined measure of both dimensions of a piece of goods, square measure, opposite מדת ארכו ומדת רחבו the measure of each dimension specified.—Shabbath 103ᵇ גַּמִּין, see גי"מל.—[Commentators explain our word = Greek Gamma, Γ, whence the variant reading גַּמָּא.] ↗ original
גַּמָּא (Γάμμα) Gamma, the third letter of the Greek alphabet. Shekalim 3, 2 אלפא ביתא ג׳ Oxford manuscript (edition גמלא). the shape of a Gamma, Γ, see the preceding↗ original
גָּמָא (Biblical Hebrew), גָּמָה, גָּמַעto take a draught, quaff; to sip, suck up. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 2, beginning 53ᵇ he melted fat וגְמָעוֹ and sipped it; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 8, 45ᵃ top וגְמָייוֹ. Shabbath 14, 4 (111ᵃ) לא יִגְמָא בהן וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition יִגְמַע, or יגַמּ׳Pi'el, see below) he must not quaff vinegar through his teeth. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 3, 50ᵈ bottom of the page כמה … לִגְמוֹת בכוס how large a portion of the cup one must quaff at a time. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 2, end, 34ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 7, beginning 40ᵇ the leaves of the colocasia must not be used (in case of a vow of abstinence from vegetables, or in the Sabbath year) לגמות וכ׳ to sip water out of them (see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Colocasia); and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל גִּמֵּא, גִּמֵּעַsame. Shabbath 111ᵃ מְגַמֵּעַ ופולט תנן (Munich manuscript לא יִגְמַע ויפלוט) the Mishnah means, he must not quaff and spit out; Betzah 18ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 8, 38ᵃ top מְגַמֵּא; and frequently ↗ original
גְּמָאִין (the preceding) sweetmeats, delicacies. Esther Rabbah to 1, 9 (play on גם the same place (ibid.)) מיני ג׳ various delicacies. ↗ original
גִּמְגֵּם (Pilp. of גמם) [to peel, scrape; in a transferred sense, compare חֲסַם 2, חָכַךְ] to hesitate, stammer, to speak with an expression of uncertainty or of scruple. Kiddushin 30ᵃ אל תְּגַמְגֵּם ותאמר לו that thou need not hesitate in answering him; Sifré Deuteronomy 34. Berachoth 22ᵃ היה מְגַמְגֵּם למעלה וכ׳ (Munich manuscript a. Rashi מג׳ וקורא) was speaking hesitatingly over (as the Amora of) R. Judah etc. the same place (ibid.)ᵇ מג׳ וקורא he should read in a hesitating manner (rapidly murmuring); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 6ᶜ bottom of the page התחיל מג׳ בה he commenced stammering over it (hesitating to pronounce the Divine Name). [Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 1 מתגמגם, transpos. of מתמגמג, see מָגַג.] ↗ original
גַּמְגֵּם Chagigah 15ᵇ מְגַמְגֵּם בלישניה a stotterer (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) מלגס). Megillah 31ᵇ קא מג׳ וכ׳ (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) variant reading Lect.) read the curses (see אֲרַר) rapidly murmuring; Koheleth Rabbah to 8, 3. ↗ original
גְּמַד (compare קמט, קמץ) to contract, shrink, be tight. Pesachim 111ᵃ גְּמוּד מסאניה (Munich manuscript גמד) his shoes shrank (became too tight). Chullin 43ᵃ גמדא ליה (the gullet) contracts. Gittin 57ᵃ גמדא the land shrinks, opposite רווחא. Yoma 69ᵃ; Betzah 15ᵃ האי נמטא גמדא דנרש וכ׳ the shrunk (hard) mattress of Narash (which does not warm) is permitted (does not come under the law of כִּלְאַיִם).—participle passive גְּמִידcontracted, atrophied. Targum Judges 3, 15; 20, 16 (Hebrew text אִטֵּר which see). ↗ original
גַּמְדָּא 2Gamda; proper noun of a male person Bava Kamma 72ᵃ Rab. G.—Pesachim 64ᵃ; 73ᵇ; Chullin 30ᵃ R. Ḥiya bar G. G., name of a river or canal in Babylonia. Avodah Zarah 39ᵃ; Sukkah 18ᵃ נהר ג׳. ↗ original
גָּמוּד , גְּמוּדָה feminine (גמד) contracted, reduced. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 4, 41ᶜ bottom of the page, see גָּדַם a. אַמָּה. ↗ original
גְּמוּלdeed, reward, recompense. Kethuboth 8ᵇ בעל הג׳ … גְּמוּלְכֶם may He who rewards, pay you for your good deed.—plural גְּמוּלִים, גְּמוּלִין. Bereshith Rabbah section 13 ג׳ טובים וכ׳ goodness bestowed on the guilty. Tosefta Shevi'ith 7, 9 ואין משלמין מהן ג׳ and favors received must not be repaid with them (the fruits of the Sabbath year); the same place (ibid.) Peah 4, 16.—גְּמוּלוֹת. Devarim Rabbah section 1 ג׳ אני פורע (some edition גמי׳ incorr.) I repay according to deeds. ↗ original
גָּמַז (compare גמומסית), Pi'el גִּמֵּז to couple, especially to suspend branches of the wild fig on the cultivated (the process called caprification, see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Caprificatio). Tosefta Shevi'ith 1, 11 ומצדדין ומְגַמְּזִין edition (missing in edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.)). ↗ original
גִּמְזוֹ (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a place Gimzo, in Judea. Taanith 21ᵃ, and frequently נחום איש גם זו; Tosefta Shevuoth 1, 7 מנחם וכ׳ (always in two words). ↗ original
גַּמְזוּז (see גמז) a fig or carob ripened through caprification. Echah Rabbah to 1, 5 (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גמזין). ↗ original
גַּמְזוּזִינַיָּיה (the preceding) a dish of gamzuz (prepared with wine), see אוּרְזָנַיָּיא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 2, beginning 53ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 8, 45ᵃ top גומנני; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 3, 34ᵇ bottom of the page גמרייה (correct accordingly or גַּמְזַיָּיה). ↗ original
גַּמָּזִית (גמז) branches used for caprification. Pesachim 4, 8 (55ᵇ) ומתירין ג׳ של הקדש (edition Yerushalmi (prefix) בג׳, variant reading מתזירין) they considered as permitted the use of branches of (carob or sycamore) trees belonging to the Temple treasury; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 19 (variant reading גזוזיות, גיזות); Menachoth 71ᵃ ג׳ … של חרוב וכ׳; Pesachim 56ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, 31ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 7, end, 20ᶜ. [R. Hai Gaon reads גַּוָּאזִיּוֹתtwigs, compare גזוזיות variant reading Tosefta, see above.] fruits ripened through caprification, see גַּמְזוּז. Tosefta Terumoth 5, 7. ↗ original
גְּמִי 1 , Pa'elגַּמֵּי, גַּמַּע Chaldaic (Aramaic) = Hebrew to swallow, quaff. Targum Job 39, 30 גָּמְעָן (manuscript גַּמְעַאן).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 41ᶜ bottom of the page (explained שורפה, Mishnah Avodah Zarah 2, 7) גמי לה (edition גמילה, correct accordingly) he quaffs it, sucks it out. Sukkah 49ᵇ לִיגְמַע גַּמּוּעֵי let him quaff (take full draughts); the same place (ibid.) אגמע גמועי (read: מְגַמַּע with Rashi, or גַּמַּע, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 300). Shabbath 109ᵇ וליגמע. ↗ original
גְּמִי 2 = גּוֹמֶאbulrushes, reed-grass (used for ropes). Kilayim 6, 9. Shabbath 8, 2. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 1, 18ᵈ וגמי על גביהן and a reed-rope over them; and frequently—Chaldaic (Aramaic) form גָּמְיָיא. the same place (ibid.) ↗ original
גְּמִיאָה (גָּמָא, גָּמָה, גָּמַע) quaffing, full draught. Shabbath 8, 1 (76ᵇ) כדי גמיא׳ Oxford manuscript a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition גמיע׳) as much as is quaffed at a time. the same place (ibid.) 77ᵃ (discussion about spelling with א or ע); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 8 (9), 8 (with ע); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 8, beginning 11ᵃ גמייה. Bereshith Rabbah section 60 גמיי׳ אחת (some edition גְּמִיָּה) only one quaff; Tanchuma Pinḥ. 13 כדי גמיא׳; Bamidbar Rabbah section 21 גמייא (correct accordingly); Midrash Proverbs Chaldaic (Aramaic) 13 גמיאה.—Bamidbar Rabbah the passage cited הוא עושה גמיע׳ אחת the Leviathan swallows with one quaff; Pesikta Rabbati section 16 (with א); and frequently ↗ original
גְּמִילוּת(גמל), ג׳ חֲסָדִים (also גְּמִילַת, see גְּמִילָה) deeds of love, charity (abbr. ג"ח). Peah 1, 1. Berachoth 5ᵃ. Sotah 14ᵃ the Torah תחילתה ג"ח וכ׳ begins with charity (clothing the naked, Genesis 3, 21) and ends with charity (burying the dead, Deuteronomy 34, 6); and very frequently—[Devarim Rabbah section 1, see גְּמוּל.] ↗ original
גַּמִּיקִין (γαμικά, τὰ) marriage, nuptial feast (the guests of which are the witnesses of the marriage; see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Marriage);wedding contract. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Haḥod. p. 52ᵇ; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 190 a king married many wives ולא כתב להם לא ג׳ ולא איפטיא but did not order in their behalf a record of the nuptial act or of the date of marriage וכיון שנשא … וכתב לה ג׳ וכ׳ but when he married a woman of noble descent, he had her marriage recorded as we read (Esther 2, 16) etc., see אִיפַּטְיָא; Pesikta Rabbati section 15 כתובת גהיקן (read גמ׳). Shemoth Rabbah section 32 שאין ביניהם גמיסקין for there is between them no wedding feast to testify to their alliance. Shemoth Rabbah section 47 כתב לה גמיסקוס משלו he had a marriage contract written at his own expense; עֲשֵׂה לה ג׳ ולואי וכ׳ prepare thou the certificate, and would I could prevail upon myself to lend my signature to it! [variant reading in edition a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גמיקן, גמיקון, גמיסקין, גמיסקוס, see Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) under the word גמס, note.—The nouns γαμισκος, γαμισκα, as if from γαμίσκω, are not otherwise recorded in the Greek vocabulary, and seem to be cacophemistic perversions; compare גמומסית.] ↗ original
גָּמַל (Biblical Hebrew) [to tie, couple, load,] to load (good or evil) on, to deal with, esp. to do good to. Bereshith Rabbah section 38 שהוא ג׳ עליך תחלה for he was the first to do thee good; Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 956.—Shabbath 104ᵃ גְּמוֹל דלים, see גימ"ל.—ג׳ חסד to be kind, charitable. the same place (ibid.) שכן דרכו של גּוֹמֵל חסדים וכ׳ (Munich manuscript דרכן של גּוֹמְלֵי) for such is the habit of the charitable to run after the poor. Yevamoth 79ᵃ; and very frequently to make even, repay. Demai 4, 6 אע"פ שהן כגוֹמְלִין זה את זה although it has the appearance as if they were repaying each other (by mutual recommendations). Avodah Zarah 61ᵇ חיישינן לגומלין we reject witnesses suspected of favoring each other; Kethuboth 24ᵃ (compare גָּמַר a. חֲסַל) [to finish,] to wean. Bava Metzia 87ᵃ on that day שג׳ אברהם וכ׳ when Abraham celebrated the weaning of Isaac etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 93; Devarim Rabbah section 1 שמל (correct accordingly). Pesikta Rabbati section 25 תינוק הגָּמוּל וכ׳ a Jewish infant just weaned; and frequently to ripen, be fully developed. Parah 11, 7 yon’koth are גבעולין שלא גָמְלוּ capsules of hyssop which are not yet developed; (Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 11 (10), 7 גָּמְרוּ). Nif'al נִפְעַל נִגְמַלto be weaned. Bereshith Rabbah section 53 נ׳ מחלבו weaned from his mother’s milk; ג׳ מיה"ר weaned from the evil inclination (able to resist temptation); and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל גִּמֵּלto take turns.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 82ᵇ bottom of the page פרה מְגַמֶּלֶת a cow engaged for working in a team in turns; see גַּמְלָא I, 2. ↗ original
גְּמַל , to do one good or evil. Targum I Samuel 24, 18; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 77ᵈ bottom of the page the whole town stopped work מִיגְמוֹל ליה חסד in order to show kindness to him (to give him an honorable funeral).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, 42ᶜ top גָּמֵיל חיסדא the charitable. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְגְּמַלto be laden with; to be bestowed. Targum 2 Esther 5, 2 (Targum I אטעינת, Hebrew text וַתִּשָּׂא).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah the passage cited לא איתג׳ ליה חסד nobody cared to attend his funeral, see above. ↗ original
גָּמָל [carrier of loads,] camel. Bechoroth 8ᵃ. Berachoth 56ᵇ; and frequently—plural גְּמַלִּים. Kethuboth 67ᵃ ג׳ של ערביא וכ׳ camels in Arabia can be levied for a wife’s portion (כְּתוּבָּה); and frequently ↗ original
גַּמָּל (the preceding) camel-driver. Kiddushin 4, 13 one must not rear his son to be חמר ג׳ וכ׳ an ass-driver, or a camel-driver etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, end, 66ᶜ; and elsewhere—plural גַּמָּלִין. the same place (ibid.)—Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 62ᵃ bottom of the page גַּמָּלָיו his drivers.—חַמָּר (וְ)גַמָּל ass-driver and camel-driver in one person (the camel-driver walking by the head of his beast, the ass-driver behind), one walking forward and backward, i.e. one who, owing to the loss of the object with which he appointed the central point for the movements of the day (see עֵירוּב), may walk only from his home to that spot and back. Eruvin 3, 4 (35ᵃ); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) V (4), 2; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 21ᵇ top of the page ↗ original
גֻּמְלָא Targum Isaiah 3, 11. Targum Psalms 94, 2. the same place (ibid.) 137, 8 גַּמְ׳ manuscript; and elsewhere—plural גַּמְלַיָּא. Targum Isaiah 35, 4.—Vayikra Rabbah section 4 גַּמְלַיי טבייה דגמלית עימיך my benefits which I bestowed on thee. ↗ original
גַּמְלָא 1 common gender, Chaldaic (Aramaic) = Hebrew גָּמָלcamel. Targum Leviticus 11, 4; and elsewhere—Sanhedrin 106ᵃ (proverb) ג׳ אזלא וכ׳ the camel went to ask for horns, and had her ears cut off.—Makkoth 5ᵃ ג׳ פרחא a flying (swift) camel, dromedary; Yevamoth 116ᵃ.—the same place (ibid.) 45ᵃ (proverb) ג׳ במדי וכ׳ in Media a camel can dance on a kab (bushel), i.e. in Media everything is possible. Sotah 13ᵇ; Kethuboth 67ᵃ, and elsewhere (proverb) לפום ג׳ שיחנא according to the camel is his load, i.e. the greater the man, the greater his responsibility.—plural גַּמְלִין, גַּמְלַיָּא, גַּמְלֵי. Targum Genesis 24, 10 and the following; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 38.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Horayoth 3, 48ᵃ bottom of the page אבא יודן דגַמְלוֹי Abba Yudan who is busy among his camels; Vayikra Rabbah section 5 דגמלי; and frequently couple, teaming arrangement. Moed Katan 11ᵇ הוה להו ג׳ דתורא בהדי הדדי (Asheri 33 … עבוד גִּימְלָא) had an arrangement between them to team their oxen for mutual work. the same place (ibid.) פסקיה לגַמְלֵיה he broke the arrangement (Munich manuscript; as corrected, לגמלא ולא שדריה …, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note); see גָּמַל Pi'el a small bridge, crossboard (compare גֶּשֶׁר). Moed Katan 6ᵇ והוא דליכא גשרא … ג׳ provided there is neither bridge nor crossboard. Sanhedrin 67ᵇ, see אוּסְקָנִיתָא. Bava Bathra 21ᵃ ג׳ contradistinguished frequently תיתורא. Sanhedrin 7ᵃ, see גּוּדָא. large-sized, see גַּמְלָנָא. ↗ original
גַּמְלָא 2Gamala, in Galilee. Arachin 9, 6. Tosefta Makkoth 3 (2), 2; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 31ᵈ גַּמְלָה. ↗ original
גַּמְלָא 3Gamla (abbreviated or abbreviation of Gamliel). Yoma 18ᵃ; Yevamoth 6, 4; Bava Bathra 21ᵃ Joshua ben G., a highpriest.—Gittin 30ᵇ Abba Elazar b. Gamla; Betzah 13ᵇ גימל; Bechoroth 58ᵇ, Menachoth 54ᵇ גומל (Munich manuscript גמל).—Sanhedrin 111ᵃ R. Ḥănina b. Gamla (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note), usually b. Gamliel. ↗ original
גַּמְלוֹן (deriv. of גָּמָל) large-sized (bean).—plural גַּמְלוֹנִים, גַּמְלוֹנִין. Shevi'ith 2, 8; Kilayim 3, 2. גמלנים edition, see אָפוּן.—Tosefta Kilayim 2, 8 פולין הג׳ (see edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) note). Tosefta T’bul Yom 1, 1. ↗ original
גַּמְלִיאֵל (Biblical Hebrew) Gamaliel, Gamliel; Tannaim, a) Rabban G. senior (הזקן), grandson of Hillel. Rosh Hashanah 2, 5. Gittin 4, 2; and frequently—b) Rabban G. (of Jabneh), grandson of the former. Berachoth 1, 1. Peah 6, 6.—Berachoth 27ᵇ and the following Tosefta Niddah 9, 17; and frequently (see Frankel Darkhé Mishnah p. 69). Amoraim, a) R. G. B’ribbi (Bar Rabbi) 1, son of R. Judah han-Nasi 1. Yerushalmi (prefix) Challah 4, 60ᵃ top ר׳ ג׳ ב"ר. Kethuboth 103ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) 10ᵇ. Menachoth 84ᵇ; and elsewhere [Avoth 2, 2.]—b) R. G. B’ribbi 2, son of R. Judah han-Nasi 2. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 39ᵇ.—c) (also גַּמְלִיֵּיל) G. Zuga Yerushalmi (prefix) Challah 4, 60ᵃ top; and frequently; a. others (see Frankel M’bo p. 72ᵃ and the following). ↗ original
גַּמְלָנָא , large-sized. Shabbath 66ᵇ שומשמנא ג׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition גמלא) a large ant.—Avodah Zarah 28ᵇ, see חִיפּוּשִׁיתָא. ↗ original
גַּמֶּלֶת (גַּמָּל) a caravan of camel-drivers. Sanhedrin 10, 5 (111ᵇ); Sanhedrin 112ᵃ; Bava Bathra 8ᵃ ↗ original
גְּמַלְתָּא (גַּמְלָא) stock of camels. Bereshith Rabbah section 75 (referring to generic singular שור חמור, Genesis 32, 6) it is a popular expression חמורתא ג׳ (as we say in Chaldaic (Aramaic)) the stock of asses, of camels. ↗ original
גָּמַםto join, connect. Denom. גַּם I, 2. to make even, level, smoothen, peel, raze. Shevi'ith 4, 5 גּוֹמֵם מן הארץ Munich manuscript (edition מֵעַל, Yerushalmi (prefix) מֵעִם) he razes (the tree) even with the ground; Bava Bathra 80ᵇ ג׳ מעם. Tosefta Maʿǎser Sheni 5, 18 גּוֹמְמִין אותו you may raze it (the vineyard with the fourth year’s fruits). Terumoth 9, 7 עד שיָגוֹם את האוכל (Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) end, 46ᵈ האוכלין) until he has entirely cut off what is eatable. Yerushalmi (prefix) the passage cited כיני מתניתן עד שיָ׳ בעלים the Mishnah means, until he has razed the plant while it was yet bearing leaves. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 5, 30ᵇ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 1, end, 33ᶜ הגּוֹמֵם את כרמו וכ׳ he who razes his vineyard lower than a hand-breadth (above the surface); עד שיגום מעם הארץ until he razes it even with the ground.—Chullin 92ᵇ גּוֹמְמוֹ עם וכ׳ he peels the fat off even with etc., opposite to חָטַט. Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 7, 3 עד שֶׁיִפַּח ויָגֹם (Rabbenu Shimshon to Kelim 17, 12 שיִנָּפַח ויִגֹּם Nif'al) until one has blown it up and scraped it (polished the leather surface).—participle pass. גָּמוּםlevelled, smoothened. Chullin 59ᵃ פיה ג׳ her mouth is smooth i.e. toothless (Rashi: cut off); see below. Tosefta Bechoroth 4, 16 איזהו גמום וכ׳ (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) נמום, correct accordingly) what animal is called gamum? That which lacks horns, i.e. whose horns are not projecting, see next word the same place (ibid.) 15 הגומים (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) הנימום) read: הַגָּמוּם. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִגְמַםto be levelled, smoothened, razed. Shevi'ith 1, 8 אילן שנ׳ (Munich manuscript שנפגם) a tree which has been cut off (near the ground). Bechoroth 6, 4 (39ᵃ) the incisors שנפגמו ושנִגְמְמוּ which are broken off or levelled (with the gum; compare Chullin 59ᵃ quoted above). Chullin 70ᵃ נגממו כותלי וכ׳ if the sides of the womb are peeled (diminished in size). Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia the passage cited נגממו after the leather bottles have grown too thin for holding liquids. Kelim 17, 4 נגממו if they are worn off (the sides of a vessel having become too thin), opposite נפרצו broken into (Maimonides: the sides have been cut off, so that nothing but the bottom remained); Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 6, 9 נפגמו edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (Rabbenu Shimshon to Kelim the passage cited נגממו).—Transferred to be degraded, disgraced. Esther Rabbah to 1, 9 (play on gam the same place (ibid.)) Vashti’s time has come לִיגָּמֵם to be disgraced (explained ליבצר). Pi'el פִּעֵל גִּמֵּם as Kelim Bereshith Rabbah section 38 when a vineyard yields no fruits, מְגַמְּמִין אותו the owner cuts it down. ↗ original
גְּמַם Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 2, 27ᵈ גָּם כרמייא razed his vineyards. Chullin 50ᵃ גּוֹם שדי peel it off and throw it away. the same place (ibid.) 92ᵇ גָּאִים ליה edition (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גיים) peeled it off (on the surface, opposite מרטט). the same place (ibid.) 96ᵃ Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִיגּוֹם as the preceding Nif'al the same place (ibid.) 44ᵃ אִיגּוֹם אִיגּוּמֵי וכ׳ the chin was razed, detached without laceration from the neck, opposite איעקור forcibly torn off. Bechoroth 44ᵃ אִיגּוּם איגומי the horns are levelled (not projecting), opposite איעקור uprooted. ↗ original
גְּמַץ (see גמם) to finish a pit. Targum Psalms 7, 16.—Denom. גּוּמָּצָא. ↗ original
גָּמַר 1 , Pi'elגִּמֵּר (denominative of מוּגְמָר, see גּוּמְרָא) to perfume (clothes) with burned spices. Betzah 22ᵇ לְגַמֵּר for the purpose of perfuming clothes. Berachoth 53ᵃ Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְגַּמֵּרto be perfumed, soaked with perfume. Shabbath 18ᵃ you may put mugmar under the clothes on the eve of Sabbath, ומִתְגַּמְּרִין והולכין וכ׳ and the process of soaking is continued during the entire Sabbath day. Betzah the passage cited הבית מִתְגַּמֵּר מאליו the room is perfumed of itself. ↗ original
גָּמַר 2 compare see גמם) to polish, touch up, finish. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᵃ bottom of the page ג׳ מלאכתו when he gives to his work the finishing touch; and frequently (in gen.) to complete, end. Pesachim 10, 7 גּוֹמֵר עליו את ההלל he reads over it (the fourth cup) the Hallel to the end, see הַלֵּל.—Tosefta Sukkah 3, 2 גּוֹמְרִין בהן וכ׳ on those occasions the entire Hallel is read; Berachoth 14ᵃ; Arachin 10ᵃ; Taanith 28ᵇ. Berachoth 13ᵇ חוזר וגוֹמְרָהּ (after the disciples left) did he take it up again and read the whole of the Sh’ma?—Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 2, beginning 3ᶜ הביאה גוֹמֶרֶת בה coition consummates the levir’s marriage (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 18ᵃ קונה קניין גמור), see מַאֲמַר.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 6, 10ᵈ top ג׳ מלאכול after he has finished eating; and frequently—Euphem. to gratify the sexual appetite. Kerith. 2, 4. Pesachim 87ᵃ (play on Gomer, Hosea I, שהכל גּוֹמְרִים בה all people could gratify their lust on her.—וְגוֹמֵר (abbr. וגו׳, וג׳) and one finishes (the sentence quoted) = and so forth, etc., a clerical term used in Bible citations to save the writing out of the entire quotation. Chullin 98ᵃ. Bereshith Rabbah section 51, beginning; and frequently—*participle pass. גָּמוּר, feminine גְּמוּרָהfinished, complete, real, valid. Kiddushin 40ᵇ, and frequently צדיק ג׳ a perfectly righteous man (without faults); רשע ג׳ a wicked man throughout (without any good quality). Yevamoth 18ᵇ, and frequently קניין ג׳ real (legal) possession.—plural גְּמוּרִים, גְּמוּרוֹת. Chullin 89ᵃ; and frequently—Betzah 2ᵇ, and elsewhere בצים ג׳ perfectly developed eggs (with shells), see below.—3) to destroy. Pesachim 87ᵇ (play on Gomer, see above) בזזו וגָמְרוּ (Munich manuscript גמרו וגמרו) they plundered and destroyed (they destroyed thoroughly). to conclude, determine, decide. Kelim 16, 1. Berachoth 17ᵃ גְּמוֹר בכל לבבך וכ׳ be determined with all thy heart etc. Shevuoth 26ᵇ ג׳ בלבו he resolved (vowed) in his heart, opposite הוציא בשפתיו; Chagigah 10ᵃ.—Eruvin 13ᵇ, and frequently נמנו וגמרו they were counted (their votes were taken) and they decided.—Sanhedrin 3, 7 (42ᵃ) גמרו את הדבר when they had closed the case (being ready for publishing the sentence); and frequently to draw a conclusion by analogy. Shabbath 96ᵇ ג׳ העברה העברה מיוה"כ one forms an analogy between the expressions heĕbir etc.; and frequently to be fully developed. Tosefta Parah 11, 7, see גָּמַל.—בצים גמורות, see above. Pi'el פִּעֵל גִּמֵּרto destroy. Pesachim 87ᵇ בקשו לגַמֵּר וכ׳ they intented to destroy the possessions of Israel in her (Gomer’s) days, see above. to develop, mature, ripen. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 5, beginning 35ᵈ אין פירותיה׳ מְגַמְּרִין וכ׳ their fruits ripen only every three years. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִגְמַרto be finished, completed. Sanhedrin 6, 1 נ׳ הדין when proceedings are finished (sentence pronounced). Bereshith Rabbah section 12 נִגְמְרָה מלאכתן they were finished; and frequently ↗ original
גְּמַר 2to finish. Targum Psalms 57, 3 דְּיִגְמַר (edition Lagarde edition די גמר, correct accordingly); and frequently—Pesachim 55ᵃ גַּמְרִינָן we dare finish a work commenced. the same place (ibid.) מִיגְמַר אין אתחולי לא to finish is permitted, but not to begin; and frequently to consume, destroy. Targum Job 1, 16. the same place (ibid.) 22, 20; and frequently (also Pa'el). to end, cease. Targum Psalms 12, 2 גְּמִירוּ they are gone. Targum Proverbs 5, 11. the same place (ibid.) 22, 8; and elsewhere to conclude, derive. Chullin 98ᵇ ולִיגְמַר מיניה now let one draw a conclusion from this (by analogy)! the same place (ibid.) מחידוש לא גַבְרִינָן from an exception we draw no conclusions; and frequently to be perfect, ready to answer, to know well. [Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 6, 7 ותִגְמְרִינוּן וכ׳, read ותַגְ׳, see below.]—participleגָּמֵיר. Shabbath 63ᵃ והוה גְמִירְנָא וכ׳ and I knew well the whole Talmud (see Rabh. D. S. ad loc. (on the passage)). Taanith 7ᵃ bottom of the page דגְמִירֵי who are learned; the same place (ibid.) 7ᵇ top טפי הוו ג׳ they would be more learned; and frequently—Whence: to learn by heart, especially to learn traditional law (compare גְּרַס 2). Targum Job 22, 22 (Hebrew text קח, compare לֶקַח).—Shabbath the passage cited לִיגְמַר איניש והדר ליסבר one must first learn traditions, and then he may reason; Avodah Zarah 19ᵃ, see גְּרַס 2.—Berachoth 43ᵃ וברכת … גַּמְרִינָן and we are not sufficiently familiar with the laws concerning grace at meals. Yoma 29ᵃ מִיגְמַר בעתיקא וכ׳ to remember well something old (to refresh the memory) is more difficult than to commit to memory a fresh thing. Shabbath the passage cited למיגמר מיניה from whom to receive traditions. Sotah 36ᵇ לא הוה קגמר he could not remember; and frequently—Shabbath 96ᵇ גמרא גְמִירֵי לה they (the scholars) know it by tradition; the same place (ibid.) 97ᵃ הילכתא ג׳ לה.—גְּמִירֵי they have a tradition, it is a well-known maxim. Sanhedrin 37ᵇ bottom of the page Sotah 34ᵃ. Gittin 47ᵃ; and frequently Pa'el פִּעֵל גַּמֵּרto finish; to consume. Targum Job 21, 13 edition (manuscript גַּמְרִין participle Pe.). the same place (ibid.) 13, 28; and frequently Af'el הִפְעִיל אַגְמֵירto teach verbally. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 6, 7 [read:] ותַגְמְרִינוּן and thou shalt teach them (see Berachoth 13ᵇ).—Sotah 36ᵇ אַגְמְרֵיה ולא גמר he taught him (the Hebrew language), but he (Pharaoh) could not remember it. Chullin 45ᵇ אַגְמְרָךְ גמרא I will teach thee a tradition. Bava Kamma 17ᵃ לאַגְמוּרֵי as to teaching. Berachoth 13ᵇ, see גְּרַס 2. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְגְּמַר, אִגְּמַרto be finished; to be destroyed. Targum Job 23, 17. Targum Psalms 109, 23.—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 18, 14 דמִגְּמַר (Hebrew text חֵרֶם). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 22, 19 יִתְגַּמְרוּן (Hebrew text יָחֳרָם). ↗ original
גָּמָר (the preceding) finishing, last touch; consummation. Shabbath 103ᵃ, and frequently ג׳ מלאכה the finishing work.—Sanhedrin 6ᵇ; and frequently ג׳ דין close of legal proceedings. ↗ original
גְּמַר 3same, finish, perfection, beauty. Sanhedrin 8ᵇ, and elsewhere ג׳ דינא, see the preceding Targum Ezekiel 27, 24 ג׳ מיני וכ׳ the perfection of all valuable things (Hebrew text מכללים). the same place (ibid.) 23, 6 edition Lagarde edition (edition גמיר, Hebrew text תכלת). the same place (ibid.) 12 (Hebrew text מכלול). (compare גּוּמְרָא) carbuncle, a precious stone. Targum Isaiah 54, 12 (Hebrew text אקדח). ↗ original
גְּמָרָא (see גְּמַר 2, 5) memorizing of verbal teachings, tradition. Avodah Zarah 19ᵃ bottom of the page הנ"מ סברא אבל ג׳ מחד רבא וכ׳ (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) this refers to reasoning (dialectics), but as to traditional laws (rules etc.), it is better to study only with one teacher, in order not to be confused by varying wording; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 614.—Gittin 6ᵇ הא ג׳ היא וג׳ לא שמיע ליה this is merely a tradition (not to be arrived at by way of reasoning) and one may not have heard that tradition (and yet be an able man). Bava Metzia 33ᵃ; 33ᵇ ג׳ verbal study (opposite to משנה which had been put to writing). Arakḥ. 29ᵃ רב גַּמְרֵיה גמיר (not גמור) Rab had his own tradition about it (had it from his teacher that the Mishnah was corrupt). Eruvin 60ᵃ ג׳ גמור זמורתא תהא if it is a tradition, learn it by heart, let it be like a song (the wording of which you dare not change); Shabbath 106ᵇ; Avodah Zarah 32ᵇ; Betzah 24ᵃ (variously interpreted in commentary or commentaries).—Yoma 14ᵇ, and frequently משמיה דג׳ as a tradition (without knowing the reasoning process, compare the same place (ibid.) 33ᵃ bottom of the page ג׳ גמירנא וכ׳); and frequently—G’mara, that part of the Talmud containing those discussions, decisions etc. which, after the reduction to writing of the Mishnah, were the materials of verbal studies until they, too, were put to writing.—Abbrev. גמ׳, a clerical mark in the Talmud Babli editions, to indicate where the Mishnah ends, and the G’mara begins. ↗ original
גַּמְּרִי (infin. Pa'el of גמר) לְגַ׳entirely. *Targum Job 30, 24 manuscript (edition לגרמיה).—Pesachim 55ᵇ. Bava Kamma 35ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original
גַּמְרָנָא (Denom. of גְּמָרָא) a teacher of traditions. Pesachim 105ᵇ ↗ original
גְּמַשׁ (compare כמש) to contract, bend. Yoma 67ᵃ Munich manuscript 2 (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 20) זימנין דגְמִישׁ רישיה ולא חזי ליה sometimes the animal’s head (in falling) is bent, and he (the man) cannot see the chord. Pa'el פִּעֵל גַּמֵּישׁsame. the same place (ibid.) edition זימנין דג׳ ליה לרישיה ולאו אדעתיה the animal may bend its head, and the man may not think of looking after the chord. ↗ original
גַּןa fenced-in place, garden.—גַּן עֵדֶן paradise, place of future reward, opposite גֵּיהִינָּם. Pesachim 54ᵃ; Nedarim 39ᵇ; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 15 beginning גן גדול מעדן the garden was larger than Eden (Eden was a portion of the garden, referring to Ezekiel 31, 9). Taanith 10ᵃ וגן אחד וכ׳ and the garden was one sixtieth portion of Eden.—Bereshith Rabbah the passage cited כפיגי שהיא נתונה בגי׳ like a spring in a garden. Kilayim 2, 2 זרעוני גנה garden plants. Shemoth Rabbah section 31 גלגל שבגי׳ the wheel works of the well in the garden; and frequently—Transferred (compare hortulus a. κῆπος) woman. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 21 אין גן אלא האשה וכ׳ gan (Genesis 3, 3) means woman who is compared to a garden (referring to Song of Songs 4, 12), מה הגנה זו וכ׳ as a garden etc. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 12 גַּנָּתִי נעולה והיא מתגניא my consort (Israel) is closed (chaste), and yet defamed.—plural גַּנּוֹת. Vayikra Rabbah section 3, beginning better off is he who owns גינה one garden and etc. ממי שנוטל ג׳ של וכ׳ than he who takes other people’s gardens on half-shares; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 85 חורש בגנות (euphem. for sexual intercourse). ↗ original
גַּנָּא Targum Job 38, 18 גַּן עדן manuscript (edition גינתא דע׳); and frequently; see גִּינְּתָא.—plural גִּינִּין, גִּינַּיָיא, גַּנַּ׳. Targum 2 Kings 9, 27.—Vayikra Rabbah section 3, see אֲגַר 2.—ג׳ דאשקלון the gardens (or the forts?) of Ascalon, name of a Palestinean border place (see Hildesh. Sachs, Beitrage p. 72). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 6, 36ᶜ; the same place (ibid.) מן מה דתני גנויה וכ׳ (corrupted גנייה) from the expression ‘the gardens of A.’, we derive that A. itself is considered as foreign land; Tosefta Shevi'ith 4, 11 גיניא דא׳; Sifré Deuteronomy 51 גבנייא דא׳ (probably גִּנָּנַ׳); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 874 גִּינָּנַיָּא. ↗ original
גְּנַאי (גני) disgrace, shame, blame; obscenity. Avodah Zarah 46ᵃ a byname לג׳ of reproach, (cacophemistic, opposite לשבח). Kiddushin 33ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 5, 49ᵃ bottom of the page חד אמר לג׳ one says ‘they looked after Moses’ (Exodus 33, 8) with the purpose of fault-finding; Tanchuma Ki Thissa 27. Megillah 25ᵇ כל המקראות … לג׳ וכ׳ words in the Torah which, as they are written (see כתיב), have become obscene, are in reading changed etc. (שגל changed into שכב etc.). Berachoth 33ᵇ ג׳ הוא לו it would be offering an insult to him; and frequently ↗ original
גְּנַאי ² Targum 2 Esther 1, 2. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 20, 17; and elsewhere ↗ original
גָּנַב (Biblical Hebrew) [to put behind, aside,] to steal. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 8, 26ᵇ top לא תִגְנוֹב את … גוֹנֵב do not carry off steathily thine own property from the thief, lest thou appear to be stealing.—Sanhedrin 86ᵃ גונב נפש one who kidnaps a person. Bava Kamma 7, 2 ג׳ על פי שנים if he is convicted of stealing through two witnesses; and frequently—ג׳ דעת to deceive, to create a false impression. Chullin 94ᵃ אסור לִגְנוֹב דעת וכ׳ it is forbidden to create etc. (e.g. to make believe as if you opened a fresh barrel of wine as a special attention to your guest, while you would have had to do it at any rate). Shevuoth 39ᵃ; and frequently—ג׳ עין to deceive by a false impression on the eye, to delude. Bava Metzia 4, 12.—participle passive גָּנוּב, feminine גְּנוּבָה. Avodah Zarah 44ᵇ; Meïl. 7ᵇ תשובה ג׳ a fallacious reply; see גְּנוּבְתָּא 2. Pi'el פִּעֵל גִּנֵּבto keep behind. Shemoth Rabbah section 5 היו מְגַנְּבִין את עצמן וכ׳ they kept themselves at a distance from Moses and then withdrew. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִגְנַבto be stolen, kidnapped. Bava Metzia 3, 1. Bereshith Rabbah section 84; and frequently to be deceived (supply (understood word) דעת). Tosefta Bava Kamma 7, 8 and the following; Mechilta Mishpatim N’zikin, section 13. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְגַּנֵּבto sneak in. Pesikta Rabbati section 21, היו מִתְגַּנְּבִים וכ׳ they used to have stealthy intercourse etc. Mechilta the passage cited המִתְגַּנֵּב אחר וכ׳ who steals himself (into the college room) behind a neighbor. ↗ original
גְּנַב Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 31, 30. the same place (ibid.) 20. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 24, 7 גָּנֵיב (Yerushalmi (prefix) גְּנִיב, correct accordingly); and frequently—participle passive גְּנִיב. Targum Onkelos Genesis 40, 15 גְּנֵיבְנָא edition Berlin edition I have been stolen.—Ruth Rabbah introduction 3 (a trial before a Roman court) גְּנַבְתּוּן לא גְנַבְנוּן “Ye have stolen”.—‘We have not’ …; לא גָנַבְתְּ מאן ג׳ עמך “thou hast not stolen? Who has been stealing with thee?”; Bereshith Rabbah section 37; section 63. Bava Kamma 65ᵇ תורא גַנְבִי מינך was it an ox I stole from thee?—the same place (ibid.) 67ᵇ עד דגְנֵיב תרי (he is not bound to pay) unless he stole two animals; and frequently Pa'el פִּעֵל גַּנֵּיבsame. Targum Jeremiah 23, 30.—2) same. to go round about. Kethuboth 19ᵃ גַנּוֹבָא גַּנּוּבֵי למה לך וכ׳ O thou cunning man, what is the use of thy going round about?; Yevamoth 91ᵃ; Bava Bathra 133ᵃ גַּנָּבָא גנובי Manuscript Rome (edition גנבא גנבי, correct accordingly).—participle passive מְגַנַּבcrooked. Targum Judges 5, 6 אורחן מְגַנְּבָן (Hebrew text עקלקל׳). Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִיתְגַּנַּב,Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִיתְגְּנַב, אִיגְּנַבto be stolen. Targum Exodus 22, 11. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 40, 15; and elsewhere—Bava Metzia 34ᵃ top מי יימר דמִיגַּנְּבָא who can say that it will be stolen? the same place (ibid.) 24ᵃ אִגְּנִיב כסא וכ׳ a silver goblet was stolen from the inn; and elsewhere to sneak away. Targum 2 Samuel 19, 4. ↗ original
גַּנָּב (Biblical Hebrew) thief. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 8, 26ᵇ top גָּנַב בפני עדים גַּ׳ וכ׳ if one carries an object off in the sight of witnesses, he is a thief (amenable to the law Exodus 21, 37), if in the owner’s presence, he is a robber. Bava Kamma 57ᵃ since he keeps himself hidden ג׳ הוא he is a thief (not a robber). the same place (ibid.), and frequently טוען טענת ג׳ he pleads that a thief had stolen the object in his charge. Sanhedrin 26ᵇ ג׳ ניסן וכ׳ a thief (a laborer or tenant who takes fruits) in Nisan or in Tishri is not a thief (to be considered unfit to testify in court); and frequently—plural גַּנָּבִים, גַּנָּבִין. Tosefta Bava Kamma 7, 8; Mechilta Mishpatim, N’zikin, section 13; and frequently ↗ original
גַּנָּב ²same. Targum Exodus 22, 1; and elsewhere—Berachoth 5ᵇ (proverb) בתר ג׳ גנוב וכ׳ steal after the thief (take thine own stealthily from him), and thou hast a taste (of theft), see גָּנַב. Sanhedrin 22ᵃ (proverb) חסריה לג׳ נפשיה וכ׳ when strength fails the thief, he pretends to be honest.—plural גַּנָּבִין, גַּנָּבַיָּא, גַּנְּבֵי. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 20, 13; and frequently—Avodah Zarah 70ᵃ. Sanhedrin 109ᵃ, see אַתְּ; and frequently cunning. Bava Bathra 133ᵃ, see גְּנַבPa'el↗ original
גַּנַּבְתָּא (גנב) thief. Bereshith Rabbah section 92 גנבא בר ג׳ thief (Benjamin), son of a thief (Rachel); Tanchuma Mikk. 10 (referring to Genesis 31, 19). ↗ original
גִּנְגִּידִין (γιγγίδιον) gingidium, a kind of chervil (bitter herb; see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word). Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 2, 29ᶜ top (explained תמכה). ↗ original
גַּנְדַּר 1 (גדר to be rounded, see גַּד 2; compare כדר; see Nöld. Neusyrische Gramm. p. 39) to roll. Targum Onkelos Genesis 29, 3; 8; 10 (edition Berlin edition נדר, see Berlin edition Targum Onkelos 2, p. 10; Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) the same place (ibid.) 13 נדר, some edition גדר). Targum I Kings 14, 10 כמא דמְגַנְדְּרִין בגולילא (variant reading דמנדרין) as they roll with a (threshing) roller (Hebrew text … יבער הגלל).—Gittin 69ᵇ ונִיגַנְדְּרֵיה וכ׳ (Rashi ולג׳) and let him roll it sixty times. Avodah Zarah 28ᵃ רניגנדר (some edition וניגדר). Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִיגַּנְדַּרto be rolled; to roll one’s self. Bava Kamma 35ᵃ למקלייה ואִיגַּנְדּוּרֵי בקיטמא Munich manuscript (edition ואיגנדר, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) to burn the stack in order to roll himself in the ashes. the same place (ibid.) קמִגַּנְדַּר בקיטמיה Munich manuscript he did roll himself in its ashes. Gittin 77ᵇ איג׳ גיטא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אזל, Rashi to Shabbath 80ᵃ quotes איג׳) the letter of divorce (thrown over to the woman) rolled and fell etc. Yevamoth 17ᵃ (proverb) קבא רבא … מִיגַּנְּדַּר וכ׳ the large and the small measure (both instruments of fraud) roll together and arrive at hell, and from hell etc., i.e. all the low elements meet in those Babylonian places. ↗ original
גַּנְדַּר 2 (גדר, compare גָּדַרHithpa'el), Ithpaal אִיגַּנְדַּר to lord it. Taanith 23ᵇ מִגַּנְדְּרָא עלי she lords it over me (being proud of her beauty; (Munich manuscript אתא ומרדא ליה). ↗ original
גַּנְדְּרוֹפֹּוס (corruption of κυνάνθροπος or of λυκάνθρωπος, supply (understood word) νόσος; for rejection of ל, see בּוּרְנִי) lycanthropy, a form of melancholy, the patient so afflicted believing himself to be a wolf (or a dog) and spending his nights among tombstones; also (ὁ λυκάνθρωπος) the person so afflicted. Ḥag 3ᵇ אימר גנדריפס אחדיה edition (Munich manuscript גדדפוס, variant reading גנדרופס, גנס׳, גרדפוס, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) say, lycanthropy has seized him.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 7, beginning 48ᶜ היוצא בלילה קניטרופיס; Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 1, 40ᵇ קנוטרוכוס (correct accordingly) he who goes out at nights is merely a lycanthrope (but not insane). ↗ original
גְּנוּבְתָּא 2 (גנב) theft, stolen object, see גְּנֵיבוּתָא. fallacy, fallacious reply (see גָּנַב). Avodah Zarah 44ᵇ מאי גְּנוּבְתֵּיה wherein lies the fallacy of his answer? the same place (ibid.) גְּנוּבְתָּהּ מהכא its fallacy comes in from here (consists in this). ↗ original
*גְּנוֹגְנִית (גנן, compare גִּנּוּן) a sort of parasol made of osier and used by field laborers. Kelim 16, 7 גנוגנת העני Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (Mishnah גְּנוֹגְנוֹת plural, Talmud edition גנוגנית, Maimonides commentary or commentaries edition Derenbourg גְּנוֹנֶת). [Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Rabbenu Shimshon: the poor man’s bag.] ↗ original
גִּנּוּן (גנן) baldachin (the Greek θάλαμος), bride-chamber, state room. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 4 (play on ganno, the same place (ibid.) 4, 16) לגִנּוּנוֹ to his state room (the Tabernacle). the same place (ibid.) to 5, 1; Bamidbar Rabbah section 13. Pesikta Rabbati section 5.—Bamidbar Rabbah the passage cited מהו גַנִּי גִּנּוּנִי מה הכילה וכ׳ganni (Song of Songs 4, 16) means “my state room”; as the bridal curtain is embroidered in variegated colors, so was the Tabernacle etc.; and elsewhere ↗ original
גִּנּוּן ²cover, shade, baldachin; especially bridal chamber, state-room. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 14, 13 גננא cover. Targum Isaiah 4, 5 בגנון (read כג׳, edition Lagarde edition כגנין, Hebrew text חפה). Targum Job 15, 32 variant reading his enclosure (see כִּילְּתָא) shall not be גנונא edition Lagarde edition (edition גננא) a (wreathed) state-room (Hebrew text רעננה; compare Song of Songs 1, 16). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 2, 1 גי׳ דהילולא. Targum Psalms 19, 6; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 13, 13ᶜ bottom of the page עבד לה גנון if a bridal room is prepared for her. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᵃ they went מיעבד גְּנוּנֵיה דר׳ וכ׳ to prepare the bridal chamber of etc.; Babylonian Berachoth 16ᵃ קטרין ליה גננא wreathed the bridal chamber of etc. Ruth Rabbah to 1, 17 (sect. 3) [read:] דיהא גְנוּנָךְ חסר וכ׳ that thy state-room in the hereafter have one jewel less than etc., i.e. that the jewel given thee in this world be deducted from thy future reward. (see גני) couch, breeding place. Targum Job 40, 22. the same place (ibid.) 31. ↗ original
גְּנוּנִית (see גִּנּוּן) couch.—plural גְּנוּנִיּוֹת. Ylamdenu to Deuteronomy 10, 12 quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (referring to בַּגַּנִּים, Song of Songs 8, 13) when the students at college sit ג׳ ג׳ arranged by couches (school forms). ↗ original
גַּנּוּנִיתָא (see גַּן) (hortulus,) garden at the house, pleasure-garden. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 2, 21.—Berachoth 43ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 4, end, 66ᵈ ג׳ של ירק vegetable garden; and frequently—plural גְּנוּנְיָאתָא, גְּנוּנְיָתָא. Bava Bathra 68ᵃ; 68ᵇ.—Esp. (= גַּן עֵדֶן) paradise. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 46, 17; and elsewhere ↗ original
גְּנוּנִיתָאG’nunitha, (gardener) legendary name of Esther’s attendant for the third day of the week (with referring to Genesis 1, 11). Targum Esther 2, 9. ↗ original
גְּנוּת (גני; see גִּנּוּי) blame, disgrace. Pesachim 10, 4. Arachin 16ᵃ בא לידי גְנוּתוֹ may be induced to speak of his shortcomings; and frequently ↗ original
גָּנַז [to cut off, set aside,] to save, hoard up, reserve. Bava Bathra 11ᵃ; Tosefta Peah 4, 18 אבותיך גָּנְזוּ וכ׳ thy ancestors saved (treasures) and increased the savings of their fathers. Chagigah 12ᵃ למי גְּנָזוֹ for whom has He reserved it?; and frequently—participle pass. גָּנוּז, feminine גְּנוּזָהreserved. Pesachim 119ᵃ; Sanhedrin 110ᵃ to remove from sight, hide (in order to prevent desecration). Tosefta Shabbath 13 (14), 5; Shabbath 116ᵃ. Megillah 26ᵇ a book of the Law in a state of decay גּוֹנְזִין אותו וכ׳ is buried by the side of a scholar; and frequently to declare a book apocryhal, to suppress, prohibit the reading of. Pesachim 56ᵃ ג׳ ספר רפואות suppressed the Book of Remedies. Shabbath 115ᵃ אף הוא צוה עליו וגְנָזוֹ he (R. Gamliel junior), too, gave orders about it and suppressed it; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 13 (14), 3; and frequently—Shabbath 30ᵇ בקשו חכמים לִגְנוֹז וכ׳ the scholars wanted to suppress (declare uncanonical) the Book of Koheleth; and frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נִגְנַזto disappear, be hidden. Yoma 52ᵇ משנ׳ הארון נִגְנְזָה וכ׳ when the Holy Ark was removed, there disappeared with it etc.; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3 (2), 7. Tosefta Sotah 2, 2 מגילתה נִגְנֶזֶת וכ׳ the scroll used for the suspected wife (סוטה) was hidden away under the door pivot of the Temple; and frequently (of books) to be prohibited, suppressed. Shabbath 13ᵇ אלמלא הוא נ׳ וכ׳ but for him, the Book of Ezekiel would have been suppressed; Chagigah 13ᵃ; Menachoth 45ᵃ; and elsewhere ↗ original
גֵּנֶזthe preceding) store, treasure.—plural גְּנָזִים, construct state גִּנְזֵי. Chagigah 12ᵇ. Pesachim 119ᵃ בית גְּנָזָיו של וכ׳ Korah’s storehouse. the same place (ibid.) 118ᵇ bottom of the page בית גִּנְזֵיהֶם Munich manuscript 2 (Munich manuscript 1 גְּנָזָיו; edition גניזה, correct accordingly). ↗ original
גִּנְזָאsame. Targum I Samuel 25, 29 גְּנַז; Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 31, 16 גְּנִיז.—plural גִּנְזִין, גִּנְזֵי, גְּנִיזַיָּא. Targum Psalms 104, 13. Targum Hosea 13, 15. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 33, 19 the hidden treasures.—Koheleth Rabbah to 11, 1 [read:] ועול לבי גנזי דידי וכ׳ and go into my treasury and take from there seven suits of clothes. garments kept in the royal treasury (compare Koheleth Rabbah the passage cited, a. טַרְזַיָּא). Targum Esther 1, 3 גנזי מילתא fine woolen garments. [Avodah Zarah 35ᵇ, see גַּוָּוזָא I.] ↗ original
גִּנְזָקGinzak, Gazaka, a city in the North of Media Atropatene (see Neubauer Geographie du Talmud, Paris 1868 p. 375). Kiddushin 72ᵃ; Yevamoth 17ᵃ, explained נהר גוזן (2 Kings 18, 11). Avodah Zarah 34ᵃ; 39ᵃ; Bereshith Rabbah section 33 (mentioned in connection with R. Akiba); Taanith 11ᵇ (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 7). Treatise Smachoth, Treatise Chaldaic (Aramaic) 12. ↗ original
גָּנַח (see גּוּהָא) to groan, especially (with or without מלבו) to sigh heavily under an attack of angina pectoris. Temurah 15ᵇ; Bava Kamma 80ᵃ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 8, 6; Kethuboth 60ᵃ to cough and spit blood. Bereshith Rabbah section 32, end ג׳ דם; Tanchuma Noah 9 ג׳ וכוהה דם, see כָּחַח. ↗ original
גְּנַח 1 , to groan, rumble (of the underground thunder at earthquakes). Berachoth 59ᵃ ג׳ גוהא (Munich manuscript גְּנָא, Oxford manuscript גְּנַהּ), see גּוּהָא. Pa'el פִּעֵל גַּנַּחsame, especially to utter disconnected sounds (staccato), opposite to יליל to utter a trembling plaintive sound (tremolo). Rosh Hashanah 34ᵃ ↗ original
*גְּנַה 2to cut, pass swiftly. Targum Psalms 8, 9 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition חליף, Hebrew text עובר). Pa'el פִּעֵל גַּנַּחto castrate. Bava Metzia 90ᵇ top they take them stealthily ומְגַנְּחִין יתהון (Munich manuscript וגזזין, see גְּזַז; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). [גנח probably misread for גוזז, a. מגנחין for מְגַוְּוזִין, denominative of גַּוָּוזָא 2. Cmp. form of letters, Shabbath 12, 5; 103ᵇ; 104ᵇ.] ↗ original
גני (compare גָּנַן) to cover, be covered. Pi'el פִּעֵל גִּינָּה, גִּנָּהto overshadow, to obscure, to put to shame; to censure. Sanhedrin 92ᵇ היו מְגַנִּין את החמה וכ׳ obscured the sun with their beauty. Gittin 58ᵃ היו מג׳ את הפז וכ׳ they outshone the finest gold with their beauty. Sanhedrin the passage cited ביקש לְגַנּוֹת וכ׳ he would have attempted to excel all the praises etc.—Shabbath 33ᵇ שגי׳ who criticised (the Roman government); and frequently—participle passive מְגוּנֶּהdeserving to be covered up, reprehensible, indecent; ugly. Pesachim 3ᵃ דבר מג׳ an ugly expression e.g. טמא in place of לא טהור. Berachoth 33ᵇ הרי זה מג׳ he is to be reprehended; the same place (ibid.) 45ᵇ, opposite משובח; and frequently Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְגַּנֶּהto make one’s self reprehensible, to become repulsive. Chagigah 15ᵇ ומה למִתְגַּנִּין בה וכ׳ if such regard is paid to those who abuse the knowledge of the Law etc., opposite משתבחין. Kiddushin 41ᵃ he may see in her דבר מגינה ותִתְגַּנֶּה עליו something objectionable, and she may become repulsive to him. Yoma 78ᵇ, see אֵיבָה. Kethuboth 65ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original
גְּנֵי , to be shaded, to lie down, sleep. Targum Job 40, 21. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 24, 13. Targum 2 Esther 1, 4 מיגני to recline for meals, to dine; and frequently—Gittin 68ᵃ וגְנָא and fell asleep. Shabbath 65ᵃ did not allow his daughters גַּנְיָאן גבי הדדי (Munich manuscript דגַנְיָין) to sleep together. the same place (ibid.) 129ᵃ ונִיגְנֵי וכ׳ let him lie in the sun. Yoma 78ᵇ וליגני and let him sleep (in his sandals). Sanhedrin 109ᵇ גְּנִי אפוריא lie down on the bed. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, end, 64ᵇ כותלא דגְנָאֵי ביה a wall of a room in which people sleep; the same place (ibid.) 4, 64ᵈ bottom of the page דגַנְיֵי.—Bava Bathra 58ᵃ גָּנֵי Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition גָּאנֵי) is lying. [Berachoth 59ᵃ Munich manuscript, see גְּנַח I.] Pa'el פִּעֵל גַּנֵּי (with על) to cover, protect. Targum Isaiah 4, 5. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 28, 15. Af'el הִפְעִיל אַגְנֵיto cause to lie down. Targum 2 Esther 1, 3 (2) וא׳ וכ׳ and made them lie down (for meals),—Sanhedrin the passage cited they had a bed דהוו מַגְנֵי עלה וכ׳ upon which they made strangers lie. Bamidbar Rabbah section 18; Tanchuma Korah 10 ואַגְנִיתֵיה וכ׳ and made him lie down on his bed; Sanhedrin the passage cited—Bava Metzia 84ᵇ [read:] אַגְנַיִין בעיליתאי hide me, I pray, in my room (see Rashi a. Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 7). the same place (ibid.) [read:] אגניתיה בעיליתיה I kept his body in his room. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִיתְגַּנֵּי, אִיגַּנֵּי (see the preceding Hithpa'el) to be disgraced, become repulsive. Targum 2 Chronicles 15, 16.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, 42ᶜ bottom of the page [read:] דלא יהוון מִיתְגַּנִּין בי that they may not be disgraced through me (be ashamed of me). Shabbath 140ᵇ ואתי למִגַּנְיָא and he may be disgraced. the same place (ibid.) 65ᵃ מידי דמִיגַּנְיָא ביה something by which she is exposed. Kethuboth 65ᵇ תִּתְגַּנִּי ותִתְגַּ׳ let her look repulsive (her husband being dead). ↗ original
גְּנִיבָאG’niba. Gittin 31ᵇ; 62ᵃ. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 6, 48ᵃ bottom of the page כהדא ג׳ אתאפק וכ׳ as in the case of one G’niba who was carried out to be put to death. ↗ original
גְּנֵיבָהtheft, the stolen object; deception. Bava Kamma 10, 3 ויצא לו שם ג׳ בעיר and the report of his being robbed had spread in town. the same place (ibid.) 8 did not know בגְנֵיבָתוֹ that it had been stolen. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 3, end, 19ᵇ ג׳ אחת one theft; Kiddushin 18ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) גְּנֵיבוֹ אלף if what he has stolen is worth one thousand (Shekel etc.); and frequently—plural גְּנֵיבוֹת, גְּנֵבוֹת. the same place (ibid.)—Mechilta Mishpatim, N’zikin, section 13 גנב שלש ג׳ וכ׳ he committed three frauds etc., see גָּנַב. Bamidbar Rabbah section 7; and frequently ↗ original
גְּנֵיבוּתsame; ג׳ דעתdeception. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 6, 23ᵈ bottom of the page, and the following ↗ original
גְּנֵיבוּתָא Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 22, 2 and the following (O. גְּנוּבְתָּא); and frequently—plural גְּנֵיבָתָא. Avodah Zarah 26ᵃ עבוד ג׳ committed thefts. ↗ original
גְּנִיזָה (גנז) removal of sacred objects. Shabbath 16, 1 טעונים ג׳ must be removed (in case of their being unfit for use). Megillah 26ᵇ זו היא גְנִיזָתָן this (their use for shrouds) is their removal.—[Pesachim 118ᵇ בית גניזה, see גֵּנֶז). ↗ original
גְּנִינִים (contracted of גַּוְונוּנ׳, see גַּוָּון) of many colors. Niddah 3, 3 (24ᵇ) שפיר מלא גנו׳ (an abortion consisting of) a bag full of a many-colored substance; (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גני׳—for which in the same place (ibid.) the same place (ibid.) גוונים; incorr. opinion = גבנוניםlumps of a fleshy substance, see Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word); Bechoroth 8, 1 גנו׳ (Talmud edition 47ᵇ גני׳); Kerith. 1, 5 גנו׳ (Talmud edition 7ᵇ גני׳).—Esp. a sort of flour containing all shades of colors. Tanchuma T’savveh 13 סאה גני׳ (edition Buber edition 10 גבונים, Manuscript Rome גנינין, other corruption see the same place (ibid.) note 63) one measure full of all sorts of flour; Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 7, 20ᵃ bottom of the page גניינן (corrupted גנינין; omitted in Yalkut Shimoni Habakkuk 565).—Sotah 36ᵇ גְּנוּנֵי מלכות royal manners (see גַּוָּון a. גַּוָּונָא; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גִּנוּסֵי, גְּנִיסֵי, see גִּינִיסְיָא). ↗ original
גְּנִיסָא (adopted frequently γένος) gens, family, gentry. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 12, 47. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 29, 17.—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 6, 9 (גְּנִסַּת) גְּנִיסַת נח of the family of Noah; and frequently—plural גְּנִיסָן, גְּנִיסָאתָא, גְּנִיסָתָא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 10, 6. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 26, 7 (some edition גְנִיסְתָּא read … סָתָא). Targum Job 31, 34; and elsewhere—Masc. plural גְּנִיסַיָּיא. Targum Psalms 107, 41, see next word↗ original
גְּנִיסַיָּיא (see the preceding a. גִּינִיסְיָא) nobles, gentry. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 36, 29 and the following; Deuteronomy 2, 12 (some edition סְיָיא …, correct accordingly; Hebrew text חֹרִי). ↗ original
גָּנַן (Biblical Hebrew) to protect, surround. Denom. גַּן. ↗ original
גְּנַן Targum Zechariah 8, 4. Af'el הִפְעִיל אגֵּיןsame. Targum Onkelos Genesis 7, 16 (some edition אָגֵין, frequently גִּין, Yerushalmi (prefix) I אַגִּין, Hebrew text סגר). Targum Exodus 33, 22. Targum Isaiah 1, 6; and frequently (interchanging with אָגֵין).—Sotah 21ᵃ אגּוּנֵי מַגְּנָא does protect, contradistinguished frequently אצולי to rescue. Kethuboth 77ᵇ אגוני לא מגנא will it (the Law) not protect (me)? Avodah Zarah 15ᵇ bottom of the page מגנו עלייהו they (the bucklers) protect them. the same place (ibid.) 16ᵃ מגנו עילוון they (the Persian soldiers) protect us. ↗ original
גַּנָּן (denominative of גַּן) gardener. Vayikra Rabbah section 5.—plural גַּנָּנִים, גַּנָּנִין. Kelim 17, 1. Yoma 5, 6; and elsewhere ↗ original
גַּנָּנָא Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 2, end, 20ᵈ; Bereshith Rabbah section 80, see גִּינְּתָא↗ original
גַּס 2 (see next word) the thick part of the web, border, hem. Tosefta Shabbath 12 (13), 1 ע"ג הגס (variant reading הנס; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 13, beginning 14ᵃ הגב, correct accordingly), see גַּב; Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 105ᵃ על הגס (some edition הנס). ↗ original
גַּס 3 (גסס, compare גשש) bulky, huge, large. Chullin 3, 1 עוף הגס large fowl (goose, hen etc.), opposite דק.—(בהמה)גסה large cattle (beeves etc.), opposite דקה sheep, goats etc. the same place (ibid.) Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 4, 30ᵈ bottom of the page; and frequently—Demai 2, 4 and the following במדה ג׳, בגסה in large quantities, wholesale.—Berachoth 6ᵇ פסיעה ג׳ large, hasty step. Pesachim 107ᵇ אכילה ג׳ a large, full meal.—Shevi'ith 4, 1 (to gather wood or stones) את הגס הגס the larger the better, i.e. picking out the largest for using them in buildings etc., clearly indicating that it is not done for the purpose of improving the field; explained Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) beginning 35ᵃ כדרך שהוא מלקט … בין דקים לגסים as one gathers in his neighbor’s field distinguishing between the small and large pieces.—Niddah 2ᵇ הַגַּס הַגַּס she noticed the menstruation only when coming in large quantities (in clods, while the blood had previously been imperceptibly gathering).—plural גַּסִּים, גַּסִּין, feminine גַּסּוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith the passage cited Chagigah 26ᵃ; and frequently—גַּס רוּחַ presumptuous, haughty. Avoth 4, 7. [the same place (ibid.) גס לבו, see גּוּס.]—plural גַּסֵּי רוח. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 5, 32ᵃ bottom of the page; and frequently—גַּסִּים (supply (understood word) נקבים) movement of the bowels, see גָּדוֹל end. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 4ᵈ top; and elsewhere ↗ original
גַּסָּא Chaldaic (Aramaic) feminine (supply (understood word) מִידָּה) large quantity.—בג׳ intemperately. Esther Rabbah to 1, 8 לפום דתמן שאתן ג׳ because there (at the Persian court) they used to drink immoderately. ↗ original
גַּסְבַּר , Tosefta Shevi'ith 2, 7 השבת והג׳ some edition, see כּוּסְבַּר↗ original
גָּסָה (denominative of גַּס; compare אכילה גסה, under the word גַּס) to swallow large quantities at a time, to glut. Derekh Erets Zutta Chaldaic (Aramaic) V ולא יִגְסֶה בפני וכ׳ must not eat or drink like a glutton in the presence of etc.—Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Vattomer, p. 131ᵃ (referring to לחם הקלקל, Numbers 21, 5) I (the Lord) selected for them light food …, שלא יהא אחד מהם גּוֹסֶה ודלריא אחזתו lest one of them should eat too much and be seized with diarrhœa; Sifré Deuteronomy 1 manuscript (see edition Friedman note 26); Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 764 גוטי (correct accordingly); the same place (ibid.) Deuteronomy 790 גוסרודליא (read גוס׳ ודולריא); the same place (ibid.) Isaiah 332 גוטס (correct accordingly); Echah Rabbah to 3, 37 גּוֹסֵא. to feel inflated, nauseous; to belch. Niddah 63ᵇ (among the symptoms of approaching menstruation) וגוֹסָה.—5. גּוֹסִי. ↗ original
גַּסּוּת (גַּס 3) (with or without רוח) presumptuousness. Sukkah 29ᵇ. Kiddushin 49ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original
גַּסּוּתָא Targum Psalms 10, 2. the same place (ibid.) 101, 5 גסות עיינין haughty look; and frequently ↗ original
גַּסְטְרָא (castra, see קַסְטְרָא) military camp, fort. Shabbath 121ᵃ אנשי ג׳ של וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition גיסט׳, גיסת׳, גיזט׳, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 1) the Roman garrison of Sepphoris. Berachoth 32ᵇ (Munich manuscript גיסט׳, Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 332 גסתרא) ועל כל לגיון ולגיון בראתי בו שלשים ג׳ וכ׳ Munich manuscript (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) for each legion (of minor planets in the constellations) I created thirty camps, and for each camp thirty squares, see קרטון.—Sotah 13ᵇ and the following שלחה מלכות הרשעה אצל ג׳ בית וכ׳ the Roman government sent to the camp of Beth Peor; (Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy end גיס׳; Psikta Zutrathi, ed. Buber Deuteronomy p. 134 מלכות של חצרה ושל בית וכ׳).—Hence: proper noun of a place Castra. Vayikra Rabbah section 23 כגון ג׳ לחיפא as Castra is hostile to Haifa; Echah Rabbah to 1, 17 קסטרא.—plural גַּסְטְרָיוֹת. Bereshith Rabbah section 28 אריות ג׳; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 47 חיילות גי׳, read אהליות וג׳, see אָהֳלִית.— (compare castellum) reservoir. Vayikra Rabbah section 15 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), variant reading קִנְצְטְרָא (cisterna, κινστέρνα) cistern (not extant in ed; Bava Bathra 16ᵃ דָּפוּס). ↗ original
גְּסַס (see גּוּס 2; compare גִּיסָא 3) to recline, to dine. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 3, 21ᶜ top אשגח למֵיגוֹס גו וכ׳ cared to remain undisturbed at a banquet among the guests. Esther Rabbah to 1, 8 דבעי מֵיגַס וכ׳ where one wants first to dine and then to drink. Vayikra Rabbah section 28 why dost thou not allow the guests דיִגְסוּן to eat? Koheleth Rabbah to 2, 17; and frequently—Denom. מַגָּס, מְגִיסְתָּא etc. ↗ original
גֶּסֶס , plural גְּסָסִים (see the preceding a. גִּיסְסָא) side, arm. Niddah 48ᵇ על גִּסְסֵיהֶן upon their (left) arms. ↗ original
געא , Koheleth Rabbah to 11, 1 לבי געא וגנזי, read לבי גִנְזֵי or לבי גַּזָּא. ↗ original
גִּעְגּוּעַ , masculine, plural גִּעְגּוּעִים, גִּעְגּוּעִין, גִּי׳ (reduplic. of געי) lowing, roaring; in a transferred sense homesickness, longing (as the cow lows after her calf). Shabbath 66ᵇ בן שיש לו גיע׳ וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition omit לו) a son who is homesick for his father. Sanhedrin 39ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) 63ᵇ sulky, rebellious conduct, howling (of children). Tanchuma Shmoth 1; Shemoth Rabbah section 1, beginning שהיו לו ג׳ על אברהם וכ׳ who behaved rebelliously against his father. ↗ original
גִּעְגֵּעַ (= עגעג, compare קעקע) to roll. Hithpa'elהִתְגַּעְגֵּע, הִגַּ׳to roll one’s self. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 11 מִתְגַּעְגְּעִין היו וכ׳ they would roll themselves in the plants around the well (to make their garments flagrant); (Pesikta d'Rav Kahana B’hall. p. 92ᵇ; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 850 מתלכלכין); Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 23 מִגַּעְגְּעִין; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 691; (Devarim Rabbah section 7, end מתענגין).—Vayikra Rabbah section 20, see next word↗ original
גַּעְגַּע , Ithpaalאִתְגַּעְגַּע, אִיגַּעְגַּע Chaldaic (Aramaic) same, to roll one’s self, wallow. Echah Rabbah to 2, 2 as long as that hen מִתְגַּעְגְּעָא בקיטמא wallows in the ashes (as Israel lives in its religious element). Koheleth Rabbah to 11, 1 מנין מְגַעְגְּעִין בדמא clothes rolled in blood (suspicious of murder).—Tanchuma Aḥaré 3 (referring to Job 39, 30) חמי אפרוחיו מגעגעין בדם וכ׳ he sees his brood wallowing in blood (Aaron sees his sons dead), and is silent; Vayikra Rabbah section 20 ראה … באַדְמָא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition באדמה); Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Aḥaré p. 171ᵇ מְעַגְעֲגִין באדמה (manuscript Carmoli מגעגעין באדמא). [Targum 1, 2 Genesis 49, 11 מעגעגין באדמא.]—Transferred to enjoy one’s self, play. Targum Psalms 119, 117 ואִיגַּעְגַּע manuscript (edition וַאֲגַעְגַּע, Hebrew text שעשע). ↗ original
געיto burst forth, to roar, low. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 137, beginning, and elsewhere גָּעוּ וכ׳, see בְּכִיָּה.—Bereshith Rabbah section 31, end וגָעַת אמו and the whelp’s mother roared. Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 101 ג׳ געייה וכ׳ cried loudly. Chullin 38ᵃ top גֹּועָה if the animal lows (when taken to slaughter). Tosefta Bechoroth 7, 10 גֹּועוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, beginning 65ᵃ חָשְׁבִנוּ כאלו גוֹעִים וכ׳ regard us as if we were lowing before thee (in agony) like cattle; and frequently ↗ original
גְּעִי Targum I Samuel 6, 12. [the same place (ibid.) 2, 5 וגען some edition, corrupted וגָאָן, see גאי]. Targum Job 6, 5, see גִּיחַ.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, 65ᵇ והוו אילין גּעֲיֵי וכ׳ and they lowed from this side etc.; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Shubah, p. 161ᵃ מְגַעֲיִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᵃ top גָּעַת תורתיה his cow lowed; Echah Rabbah to 1, 16, end. Pa'el פִּעֵל גַּעֵיsame, see above. ↗ original
גְּעִיָּיה (the preceding) roaring, crying in agony. Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 101, see געי. Tana d’be El. 1, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 3 בכו וגעו ג׳ אחת they wept and burst forth in one loud cry of agony. ↗ original
גְּעִילָה (next word) loathing, rejection. Echah Rabbah to 5, 20; Pesikta Rabbati section 31; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 332. ↗ original
גָּעַלto be covered with impurity, be loathsome; to loathe. 5. the precedingHif'il הִפְעִיל הִגְעִילto remove impurity by means of hot water, to cleanse. Avodah Zarah 5, 12 את שדרכו להַגְעִיל יַגְעִיל a vessel which ordinarily is cleansed with hot water, must be purified for ritual purposes by means of hot water. the same place (ibid.) 76ᵃ כיצד מַגְעִילָן וכ׳ how must one disinfect them? You put a smaller vessel into a larger one etc.; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 11, 48ᵃ מַגְעִילָהּ בחמין removes the soakings of T’rumah etc. [Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 1, end, 49ᵇ שיגעיל, read משיעגל, see עָגַל.] 5. הַגְעָלָה. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִגְעַלto be removed through boiling. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth the passage cited Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְגָּעַלto be soiled. Zevachim 88ᵃ ↗ original
גְּעַלIthpaalאִתְגָּעַל, Ithpeelאִתְגְּעַל, אִיגְּעַלto be polluted, soiled. Targum Isaiah 1, 6.—participle passive Af'elמַגְעַל. the same place (ibid.) 6, 5; 28, 8. ↗ original
גְּעַרto shout, to rebuke. Targum Zechariah 3, 2 edition Lagarde edition (edition יְזֵיף).—Kiddushin 81ᵇ רחמנא נִגְעַר ביה וכ׳ the Lord rebuke Satan. Bereshith Rabbah section 56 ההוא גברא דיִגְעַר ביה that man of whom it is said, Rebuke him (Satan; with referring to Zechariah the passage cited). ↗ original
גָּעַשׁ (Biblical Hebrew) to rush forth, to quake, be agitated. Yalkut Shimoni Joshua 35 (cit. frequently Shabbath 105ᵇ, referring to הר געש Joshua 24, 30) מלמד שג׳ עליהם ההר להרגם it intimates that the mountain over them quaked (threatening) to slay them; Shabbath the passage cited שרגש. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 10 ג׳ הים וכ׳ the sea rushed forth and flooded the cave. to cough or sneeze. Vayikra Rabbah section 3 ג׳ השור וכ׳. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִגְעִישׁto shake, cause to reel. Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 1 להרעיש וגם להַגְעִישׁ וכ׳ to shake and even make reel the mountain etc., see above. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְגָּעַשׁ, , Nithpa. נִתְגָּעַשׁto be agitated, very busy, anxious. Ruth Rabbah, introduction 2 נִתְגָּעֲשׁוּ … מעשות ג"ח וכ׳ the Israelites were too much engrossed (in settling) to attend the funeral of Joshua; Koheleth Rabbah the passage cited—Pesikta Rabbati addit. section 2 (referring to יגעשו, Job 34, 20) מִתְגָּעֲשִׁים וכ׳ marched hurriedly to get out etc. ↗ original
גַּעְתּוֹןGaton (Ġatan; see Hildesh. Sachs, Beitrage p. 13 and the following). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 7, 36ᶜ ראש מי ג׳ וג׳ עצמה the head of the brook of G. and G. itself; Tosefta Shevi'ith 4, 11 ריש מיא דג׳ וג׳ גרמא variant reading (edition ריש מעון רגעתן וכ׳, correct accordingly); Sifré Deuteronomy 51 מגיאתו וגיא׳ עצמה (read מי ג׳ וג׳); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 874. ↗ original
גַּף 1 , see גּוּף) body. בְּגַפּוֹalone; explained Kiddushin 20ᵃ בגופו נכנס בגופו יצא he came with his body, and so he shall go out, i.e. he has no claim for injuries received during servitude; other explained יחידי נכנס וכ׳ if he entered a single man, he must leave a single man, i.e. his master has no right to give him a Canaanite slave for propagating purposes. ↗ original
גַּף 2 common gender (גנף, compare כָּנָף a. כַּף; see אֲגַף) [bent, joint,] the long portion of the wing. Zevachim 7, 5 שיבש גַּפָּהּ (Talmud edition 68ᵇ שיבשה, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) whose wing is withered. Chullin 57ᵃ שמוטת גף a bird whose wing is dislocated.—Dualגַּפַּיִּם, גַּפַּיִּים. the same place (ibid.) 3, 4 נשתברו גַּפֶּיהָ whose wings are broken, contradistinguished to כנפ׳ wing feathers. arms, shoulders of a human being. Oholoth 7, 4 ניטלת בג׳ carried by her arms (put around the necks of her supporters); see אֲגַף. handles of a vessel, sides etc. Kelim 8, 3. Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 10, 5; and elsewhere—5. גֵּיף. ↗ original
גַּפָּא 1wing, also winged animal (interch. with גַּדְפָא). Targum Proverbs 1, 17; and frequently—Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 8 דמנערא גפא (Bereshith Rabbah section 75 גרמה, variant reading אגפה), see גֵּו.—plural גַּפִּין, גַּפַּיָּא, גַּפֵּי. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 10, 20. Targum Ezekiel 1, 6; and frequently—Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 רבתי beginning— a pole with a hook for cutting off fruits on high trees; [other opinion a ladder hooked into the tree.] Nedarim 89ᵇ (a proverbial phrase) רהיט בג׳ ותובלייא he ran with hook and ropes (or baskets); i.e. he tried his utmost. ↗ original
גַּפָּה feminine (גַּפָּא masculine Chaldaic (Aramaic)) (see the preceding) stone fence with gate. Peah 6, 2 סמוך לג׳ ולגדיש (Munich manuscript לגפא ולגדר, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) לגפא) near the stone fence (ready for being carried out) or the stack; Eduy. 4, 4. Kilayim 2, 8 (Munich manuscript … א). Bava Metzia 2, 3. ג׳ של רומי (Chaldaic the Capitol of Rome. Sifré Numbers 115 ג׳ של ר׳ (variant reading גפי) by the Capitol of Rome (an invocation used by a gentile woman). Menachoth 44ᵃ ג׳ של פרס (read רומי, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גפא דרומי). Pesachim 87ᵇ ג׳ דרומאי edition (Munich manuscript דרומי, omitted in some edition). ↗ original
גפל , Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 13, 14ᵃ bottom of the page מגפל, see גָּפַף↗ original
גֶּפֶן common gender (Biblical Hebrew , see גפף) vine, especially grape-vine. Kilayim 7, 2; and frequently—פרי הג׳ wine. Berachoth 6, 1; and frequently—צֶמֶר ג׳ cotton, cotton tree, see גּוּפְנָא. Kilayim the passage cited—plural גְּפָנִים. the same place (ibid.); and frequently ↗ original
גָּפַס (see גפף) to make air-tight, to paste with gypsum, clay etc. Kelim 10, 5 שגְּפָסָן עם וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. R. H. G. (edition שגְּפָתָן); Tosefta Kelim Bava Kamma 7, 7 שגפסן (variant reading שגפת׳, Rabbenu Shimshon to Kelim the passage cited שגְּפָפָן) which one closed up by connecting the paste with the rim (leaving an empty space between the cover and the body of the vessel). Nif'al נִפְעַל נִגְפַּסto harden and be closely consolidated with the ground. Mikvaoth 4, 3 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), Maimonides a. Rabad (see Tos’feminine Yom Tob ad loc. (on the passage); edition נכבש). ↗ original
גִּפְסִים (the preceding; compare גֶּפֶת) paste, plaster, especially gypsum. Kelim 10, 2 we must use בסיד בג׳ וכ׳ lime or gypsum etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 1, 80ᵇ bottom of the page גיבסם; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 3, 34ᶜ bottom of the page גִּיפְסוֹס, see below. Tosefta Kelim Bava Kamma 3, 4 גִּפְסִית edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (other edition גִּפְסִיס). Chullin 8ᵃ גפסית רותח; Pesachim 75ᵇ גפסיס רותח, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גפסים רותחין. Tosefta Mikvaoth 4, 7 גפסים; and frequently [Greek adoption: γύψος, readopted גִּיפְסוֹס, גִּיבְסוֹס.] ↗ original
גָּפַף (see גּוּף) to bend, to join; to press, close; see גָּפַס. Pi'el פִּעֵל גִּיפֵּףto attach a rim, to surround. Kelim 15, 2. to throw arms around, embrace (see גַּף). Yoma 66ᵇ גי׳ ונשק Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition גפף ונישק) whosoever embraces or kisses an idol; Sanhedrin 7, 6 (60ᵇ) המְגַפֵּף.—Pesikta Rabbati section 26 גִיפְּפָן וכ׳ he hugged and kissed them. the same place (ibid.) מְגַפְּפוֹת את וכ׳ threw their arms around the columns.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 7, 31ᶜ מְגַפְּפִין סוטה if they have been seen embracing one another, she is amenable to the law of Sotah (see סוֹטָה); and frequently—participle pass. מְגוּפָּףclosed, enclosed, surrounded from all sides. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 4, 29ᵇ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 1, 19ᶜ מְגוּפֶּפֶת וכ׳ enclosed on four sides; and frequently—Tosefta Bechoroth 4, 16 שאזניה מְגוּפָּפוֹת וכ׳ whose ears are closed. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֵגֵףto lock up, shut. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 13, 14ᵃ bottom of the page [read:] ולא כמֵגֵף לתוכה וכ׳ we are not treating the case of one shutting (the animal) up in the vivarium; (Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 3, beginning 61ᵈ בנָעַל). ↗ original
גְּפַף , to embrace. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 3, 20ᵈ bottom of the page; 7, 24ᵈ top נסתיה גְפַפְתֵּיה she took him and hugged and kissed him etc.—Sanhedrin 82ᵇ גַּפְתָה לאמה (Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 372 גפתא) did she hug her mother there? [Rashi: she made her mother a prostitute.] Pa'el פִּעֵל גַּפֵּיף, גָּפֵיףto embrace. Targum Onkelos Genesis 29, 13 גָ׳ (manuscript a. Yerushalmi (prefix) some edition גַּפֵּ׳). the same place (ibid.) 33, 4; and frequently to fold hands (in idleness). Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 4, 5. ↗ original
גָּפַר (see גפף) to make thick, tighten. Denom. גָּפְרִית; frequently which Pi'el פִּעֵל גִּיפֵּרto make water-tight. participle passive מְגוּפָּר, feminine מְגוּפֶּרֶתwater-tight. Bava Bathra 97ᵇ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 6, 3 מְגוּפָּרוֹת (defective clay vessels) made tight by a lining of sulphur or pitch. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְגַּפֵּרto be darkened through sulphur fumes. Shabbath 18ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 4ᵃ top; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 23 מִתְגַּפְּרִין they (the silver vessels) go through the process of sulphuring. ↗ original
גְּפַר , Pa'elגַּפֵּר as the precedingPi'el Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᶜ top מְגַפֵּר, see אֶלִּיקָה. ↗ original
גָּפְרִיתsulphur [or bitumen, pitch]. Shabbath 18ᵃ, and elsewhere, see גָּפַר Hithpa'el ↗ original
גֶּפֶת (גפף) a pressed hard mass, peat, turf. Shabbath 4, 1. the same place (ibid.) 47ᵇ ג׳ של זתים peat made of olive peels, דשומשמין of poppy seed (after the oil is pressed out). Kelim 9, 5; and frequently—Chaldaic גִּיפְתָּא. ↗ original
גֵּץ (גהץ, see Targum Job. 18, 5 under the word גֵּיצָא) [shining,] spark from the forger’s hammer. Bava Kamma 6, 6 (62ᵇ); Bava Bathra 26ᵃ; Shabbath 21ᵇ. Bereshith Rabbah section 84; Tanchuma Vayesheb 1. (compare Arab. גֹץ ّ gypsum) ג׳ יוניa white earth, chalk; a cross-path laid out with whitened pegs of baked mud or clay (= יתדות הדרכים). Mikvaoth 9, 2 ג׳ י׳ the lime of the crossings sticking to the feet or clothes; compare Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 6 (7), 14. ↗ original
ג"ר , a transmutation of letters, see א"ת. Shabbath 104ᵃ גוֹפו טימא ארׄחם עליו though he defiled his body, I shall have mercy etc. the same place (ibid.) ג"ר ד"ק: אם … גׄורׄ בדׄוקׄ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גֵֹּרׄ בדׄוקׄ תהיה) if thou doest so (be chaste), dwell thou in heaven (a dweller … shalt thou be). ↗ original
גֵּרa dweller. Shabbath 104ᵃ, see the precedinga stranger. Tanchuma Vayigg. 4 גרא שנעשה ג׳ he is named Gera, because he (Joseph) became a stranger, see גּוּר.—Esp. a proselyte, convert to Judaism. Yevamoth 46ᵇ; Berachoth 47ᵇ לעולם אינו ג׳ וכ׳ one is not a proselyte until he has been etc. Yevamoth the passage cited; Kiddushin 62ᵇ ג׳ צריך שלשה a proselyte requires a court of three for making declaration and immersion. Kerith. 2, 1 ג׳ מחוסר כפרה a proselyte who has not yet offered a sacrifice in the Temple; and very frequently—ג׳ צֶדֶק a full, true proselyte, ג׳ תֹּושָׁב one who, for the sake of acquiring limited citizenship in Palestine, renounces idolatry. Sanhedrin 96ᵇ; Gittin 57ᵇ; and frequently—ג׳ שקר an insincere proselyte (from impure motives). Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 5, 10ᶜ.—plural גֵּרִים, construct state גֵּרֵי, גֵּירֵי.—ג׳ גרורים self-made converts, not formally admitted. Avodah Zarah 3ᵇ; 24ᵃ; and elsewhere—גרי אריות lion-proselytes, i.e. proselytes from mere fear (with referring to 2 Kings 17, 25 and the following). Chullin 3ᵇ, opposite גרי אמת. Kiddushin 75ᵇ; Sanhedrin 85ᵇ; and frequently—גרי חלומות proselytes converted by the advice of a dreamer or an interpreter of dreams; גרי מרדכי ואסתר such as joined the Jewish ranks from motives like those prevalent in the days of Mordecai and Esther (Esther 8, 17). Yevamoth 24ᵇ.—Niddah 7, 3 (56ᵇ) גרים טועין Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition וטועין) proselytes not living in accordance with the Jewish usages.—בן גרים a descendant of proselytes. Bava Metzia 4, 10 (58ᵇ).—Shabbath 33ᵇ יהודה בן ג׳. [Mode of admission, see Yevamoth 47ᵃ.—Views about converts, see Bamidbar Rabbah section 8; Niddah 13ᵇ; Pesachim 87ᵇ; and frequently]. Fem. גֵּרָה. Bereshith Rabbah section 88, end.—Usu. גִּיֹּורֶת. Kethuboth 4, 3; and frequently ↗ original
גְּרָאפָא (גרף) a dish prepared on the hot oven plate after the removal of the coal. Esther Rabbah to 1, 4 טלופחין דג׳ lentil cakes baked in the clean oven, contradistinguished to דטמאשא baked in the ashes. ↗ original
גָּרֵבGareb, near Shiloh, supposed to have been the seat of the Image of Micah (Judges 17, 7 and the following). Sanhedrin 103ᵇ ↗ original
גְּרַב (compare גרף) to scrape, see next wordsto rob, seize, levy. Shabbath 148ᵃ זיל גַּרְבֵיה go and seize him (take his coat until he appears). the same place (ibid.) לא בדינא גְרַבְתִּיךְ was I not right in summoning thee? Chagigah 5ᵇ גַּרְבוּהוּ they (the royal officers) seized his property. Gittin 45ᵃ משום דלא לִיגַרְבוּ וכ׳ in order that robbers should not be tempted to kidnap persons and then offer them for ransom. the same place (ibid.) 46ᵇ גרבי להו seized them (for debts). Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִיגְּרַבto be robbed. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 4, 9ᵈ אִיגַּרְבַת thou hast been robbed of one Denar. ↗ original
גָּרָב 1 (the preceding) the quantity collected on emptying the wine or oil press (see next word); in gen. bottle, keg as a measure. Terumoth 10, 8 וכל ג׳ וכ׳ manuscript (edition כל) and one measured the keg and it contained (as usual) two S’ah.—plural גְּרָבִים, construct state גַּרְבֵי. Shabbath 13ᵇ; and elsewhere three hundred ג׳ שמןgarab of oil. Betzah 29ᵃ ↗ original
גְּרַב ² , bottle. Targum Jeremiah 13, 12; Targum I Samuel 1, 24 (Hebrew text נֵבֶל). the same place (ibid.) 16, 20 (Hebrew text נֹאד); and elsewhere—[Bava Metzia 15ᵇ, see גְּרִיוָא.]—plural גַּרְבִין. Targum I Samuel 25, 18. Targum Haggai, Book of 2, 16 (Hebrew text פורה, quantity pressed at a time). Targum Joel 1, 17 (Hebrew text פרדות!). ↗ original
גָּרָב 2itch, scurf. Bechoroth 6, 12; classified the same place (ibid.) 41ᵃ ↗ original
גָּרָב Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Leviticus 21, 20 (Yerushalmi (prefix) I חרסין יבשין, see Bechoroth 41ᵃ). Targum Deuteronomy 28, 27.—Denom. גַּרְבָּןone affected with itch. Targum Onkelos Leviticus the passage cited ↗ original
גָּרְבָא (גרב) plundering troop. Berachoth 60ᵇ bottom of the page אתא ג׳ וגרביה למתא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition גייסא שבייה) a troop came by night and carried the inhabitants off. ↗ original
גַּרְבִּיתָא (גרב) the scouring or sweeping (wind); רוחא ג׳ North-wind. Targum Proverbs 25, 23 (Hebrew text צפון). the same place (ibid.) 27, 16 גַּרְבַּיְתָא, גַּרְבַּיְי׳ (Hebrew text צֹפְנֶיהָ צָפַן!). ↗ original
גְּרַבְתָּא (euphem. transpos. of גברתא, see גֶּבֶר 3) abnormal length of the membrum virile. Bechoroth 44ᵇ, see next word↗ original
גְּרַבְתָּן (see the preceding) one having an abnormally long membrum (one of the blemishes unfitting for priestly service). Bechoroth 44ᵇ הג׳ זה בעל קיק (for Mishnah בעל גבר). the same place (ibid.) בעל קיק בביצים ג׳ בגיד Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) baal kik refers to the testicles, g’rabtan to the membrum (edition קיין … גרבתא וכ׳, see the preceding). ↗ original
גְּרַג , Pa'elגָּרֵיג (= גרגר) to be rough, to roughen, whence to incite, stir up. Targum Proverbs 10, 12; 29, 22 (Hebrew text ערר, גרה). the same place (ibid.) 6, 3 גָּרֵג הכיל חברך edition Lagarde edition (variant reading הביל, חביל) stir up, now, thy friend (for whom thou hast vouched), see Peshittô a. Syriac (Peshitta) Hexapla. to be excited, impatient. Targum Psalms 37, 1; 7; 8 (manuscript תִּגְרַג Pe., Hebrew text תתחר). (see Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 773, under the word גרג 2, compare גַּרְגּוּתְנִי, אֲרוּכָה 2) to cover with scurf, heal up. Targum Job 30, 24 יְגָרֵג מחתיה he will heal up the wound he has inflicted. ↗ original
גַּרגּוּתָא (= גלגליתא, see גַּלְגְּלָא, compare גַּרְגַּר) wheel-work, well for irrigating fields. Berachoth 58ᵃ; Bava Bathra 91ᵇ (proverb) אפי׳ ריש ג׳ וכ׳ (Berachoth edition גרגי׳, Munich manuscript גדגיד׳, correct accordingly, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) even a superintendent of the well (compare בַּיָּיר) is appointed in heaven. Bava Kamma 27ᵇ. Bava Metzia 103ᵃ if one says, ‘Lend me ההיא ג׳ the use of this well’, he may restore etc.; בי ג׳ ‘a place (in the field) for a well’,—he may go on digging wells until he strikes one that suits him. Bava Bathra 56ᵃ.—plural גַּרְגּוּתֵי. Bava Metzia the passage cited ↗ original
גַּרְגּוּתְנִי (גַּרְגַּתְנִי Aruch (Sefer HeArukh)) feminine (see גּוּרְגָּא) a wicker or net work in the wine or oil press. Avodah Zarah 56ᵇ החזיר ג׳ לגת if he placed the net (once used) back into the vat. Chagigah 22ᵇ גורג׳ some edition; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 4. Vayikra Rabbah section 22 he gathered the vessels of the Temple ונתנן לתוך ג׳ and placed them in a net; Gittin 56ᵇ he took the curtain ועשאו כמין ג׳ and shaped it like etc. Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 6, 5. (from its shrivelled surface) the scarry and lifeless surface of a healed up wound, eschar. Bava Kamma 85ᵃ העלתה מכתו ג׳ if, through neglect of medical advice, the wound became scabby; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 6ᵇ bottom of the page [read:] עלתה בו ג׳. ↗ original
גַּרְגִּיר (גרר) [the stimulating plant,] garden-rocket, Eruca (see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word). Yoma 18ᵇ; Yalkut Shimoni Kings 228. Tosefta Shevi'ith 2, 9; Eruvin 28ᵃ and the following (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) גרגל).—Shevi'ith 9, 1 גרגר של אפר (commentary or commentaries גרגיר) field-rocket, Eruca agrestis.—[ grain, berry, see גַּרְגַּר.] ↗ original
גַּרְגִּירָאrocket. Yoma 18ᵇ ג׳ מצרנאה rocket growing on the balk (Munich manuscript מצראה). Shabbath 109ᵃ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) גַּרְגִּילָא; Yalkut Shimoni Kings 228 גַּרְגְּרָא).—Gittin 69ᵇ גַּלְגִּילָא edition (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word בזר: גַּרְגִּילָא). Avodah Zarah 10ᵇ, see גּוּר 2.—[ berry, grain, see גַּרְגְּרָא.] ↗ original
גַּרְגְּלִידָא (= גלגליד׳; גלד) slice; ג׳ דליפתא a slice of turnip, especially the upper slice. Bechoroth 43ᵇ one whose head resembles לגרגלידה דל׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition לגדגלידא, correct accordingly) the upper portion etc. (explained לפתם the same place (ibid.) 7, 1).—plural גַּרְגְּלִידֵי. Berachoth 39ᵃ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גורג׳). the same place (ibid.) 56ᵃ (variant reading in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) ראשי לפתות). Kethuboth 61ᵃ ↗ original
גִּרְגֵּר (denominative of (denominative of גָּרוֹן, גַּרְגֶּרֶת) to pour down the throat, opposite שתה to set the lips to the vessel. Parah 9, 4; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 9 (8), 6.—*Gittin 89ᵃ גִּירְגְּרָה בשוק if she quaffs outdoors; [Rashi: walks with outstretched neck (גָּרוֹן)]. denominative of גַּרְגַּר) to pick single berries. Maasroth 2, 6 מְגַרְגֵּר ואוכל he may pick grapes (from the hanging cluster) and eat; the same place (ibid.) 3, 9; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 50ᵃ top of the page (denominative of גְּרוֹגֶרֶת) to let the olive shrivel (on the tree or in the sun on the roof), to mark out for shrivelling. Shemoth Rabbah section 36 that olive—while it is yet on its tree, מְגַרְגְּרִין אותו they mark it out for shrivelling (in order to use it for the press). Menachoth 8, 4 מְגַרְגְּרוֹ בראש הזית he lets it shrivel on the top of the olive tree; מג׳ בראש הגג in the sun on the roof; [for other opinion see Rashi ad loc. (on the passage)].—the same place (ibid.) 86ᵃ מְגרְגְּרוֹ תנן או מְגַלְגְּלוֹ תנן does it read m’garg’ro (he lets it shrivel) or m’galg’lo (he lets it hang until it is fully rounded)? ↗ original
גַּרְגֵּר (see the preceding) to grow berries, to ripen into full berries.—participle passive מְגַרְגַּר. Targum Psalms 1, 3 edition Lagarde edition (some edition סגרגר). ↗ original
גַּרְגַּר (Biblical Hebrew; berry, grain, heap (of pebbles). Peah 7, 4 ג׳ יחידי single berries (not growing in bunches). Shevi'ith 3, 7 (Bartenora, Bertinora גרגיר) a heap of pebbles.—Tosefta Shabbath 2, 8 גרגיר של מלח a globule of salt. Shabbath 6, 5 בפלפל בגרגיר מלח (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition גרגר, Babylonian edition 64ᵇ, 65ᵃ גלגל, Oxford manuscript גרגר).—plural גַּרְגְּרִים, גַּרְגְּרִין. Peah 6, 5; and elsewhere (= גְּרוֹגֶרֶת) the shrivelled olive. plural as above. Menachoth 8, 3 (85ᵇ), see גִּרְגֵּר.—[ rocket, see גַּרְגִּיר.] ↗ original
גַּרְגְּרָאberry.—plural גַּרְגְּרִין. Targum Isaiah 17, 6.—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 32, 14 גַּרְגִּירֵי חיטיהון their wheat grains.—[ rocket, see גַּרְגִּירָא.] ↗ original
גַּרְגַּרְיָין (גרר, see next word) wheel-works of a well. Targum 2 Esther 1, 2 (3) ג׳ דאע wooden wheel-works. ↗ original
גַּרְגְּרָן (see גַּרְגֶּרֶת) glutton, bibber. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 6, 10ᶜ top, see גַּרְגְּרָנוּת. Pesachim 86ᵇ; and frequently—Niddah 10, 8 (of one unable to control his sexual appetite).—plural גַּרְגְּרָנִין. Yoma 39ᵃ bottom of the page, opposite צנועין.—Fem. גַּרְגְּרָנִית. plural גַּרְגְּרָנִיֹּות (unable to resist tasting temptation). Bereshith Rabbah section 45; Devarim Rabbah section 6 (referring to Genesis 3, 6). ↗ original
גַּרְגְּרָן ² Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 21, 20.—plural גַּרְגְּרָנֵי. Kethuboth 60ᵇ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) variant reading (edition גירדני, see גַּרְדָּנָא).—Fem. גַּרְגְּרָנִיתָא. Targum Lamentations 1, 11 (Hebrew text זוללה). ↗ original
גַּרְגְּרָנוּת (the preceding) greed. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 6, 10ᶜ top לא לזה גורגרן … בגַרְגְּרָנוּתוֹ וכ׳ not this greedy man must be laughed at, but thou, the sneerer; he acted hastily in his greed etc. ↗ original
גַּרְגֶּרֶת plural גַּרְגְּרוֹתneck;גרגר; see גָּרַר, throat, gullet; (in ritual law) wind-pipe, trachea. Koheleth Rabbah to 12, 6; Vayikra Rabbah section 18, see גָּלָה Hif'il—Shemoth Rabbah section 24 the Lord created for man מעין בתוך גַּרְגַּרְתֹּו a well (mucous membranes) in the trachea. Chullin 2, 4 פסק את הג׳ he tore open (instead of cutting) the trachea. the same place (ibid.) 3, 3 פסוקת הג׳ an animal with a split between the rings of the wind-pipe. ↗ original
גַּרְגִּשְׁתָּא (= גשגש׳; גשש) = Hebrew גּוּשׁ, clod, lump of earth. Targum Psalms 18, 43. Targum Job 7, 5 (Hebrew text גוש). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 1, 24; and frequently—plural גַּרְגְּשָׁתָא, גַּרְגִּישָׁ׳. Targum Job 21, 33; 38, 38 (Hebrew text רגבים). a certain reddish clay, used also as medicine. Bava Metzia 40ᵃ משום ג׳ the difference of opinion as regards leakage (see בֶּלַע) arises from the different qualities of the clay used for the vessels. Niddah 20ᵃ bottom of the page broke apart קורטא דג׳ a piece of potter’s clay. Kethuboth 60ᵇ דאכלה גרגוש׳ a woman who eats gargushta (as an astringent or in place of a cosmetic; see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Creta). Avodah Zarah 38ᵇ ↗ original
גָּרַד see גרר) to scratch, scrape, comb. Shabbath 8, 6 (81ᵃ) לִגְרוֹד Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. edition Yerushalmi (prefix); and frequently [Editions a. manuscripts mostly גָּרַר which see]—participle pass. גָּרוּדstripped, see גַּרְדּוּם. (denominative of גֶּרֶד 2) to cut the web with its fringes off the loom. Yoma 72ᵇ (explained בגדי השרד Exodus 35, 19) בגדים שגֹּורְדִין אותן כברייתן מכליהן וכ׳ webs which they cut off the looms in their needed shape (so as to require no tailoring), leaving a small portion of the unwoven threads. ↗ original
גְּרַדto scrape, comb, strip; in a transferred sense to chastise. Targum Judges 8, 16 וגרד Regia (edition Lagarde edition גרר, other edition תבר; Hebrew text וַיֹּדַע).—Nazir 4ᵇ, see גְּרִי.—participle passive גְּרִיד. Shabbath 109ᵇ דגְרִידָא מעילאי וכ׳ which has been stripped of its rind from the top downward. to rub, create friction (of sexual connection).—participle גָּרֵיד. Yevamoth 75ᵇ.—[ to stimulate the appetite. Berachoth 35ᵇ, and frequently Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition a. manuscript mostly גְּרַר).] [Ithpaal, see גְּרַר.] 5. גרע, גרר. ↗ original
גֶּרֶד (גרד) erasure. Menachoth 30ᵇ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition גֶּרֶר). that which is combed, fringe.—plural גְּרָדִין. the same place (ibid.) 42ᵇ; Sukkah 9ᵃ ↗ original
גַּרְדָּאcombing; ג׳ דסרבלא the removal of the woolly surface of a thick cloth. Bava Kamma 99ᵃ; Bava Metzia 112ᵃ.—Moed Katan 23ᵃ went out בג׳ דס׳ (Munich manuscript 2 בגררא) in a fresh scraped and smoothed cloak. fringe, thread. Shabbath 134ᵃ דילמא מידביק ג׳ מיניה (variant reading מדביקא גרדתא, see Rashi ad loc. (on the passage)) lest a thread of it stick to the membrum.—plural גַּרְדַּיָּא, גַּרְדֵּי, גַּרְדִּין. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 15, 38 (referring to Menachoth 42ᵇ).—Bechoroth 8ᵇ כרוכו לי ג׳ מיניה וכ׳ twist for me threads pulled out of it, and I will sew it. Menachoth 31ᵇ. [גַּרְדָּא or גְּרָדָאscraping, see גִּירְדָּא.—גְּרָדָא cud, see גְּרָרָא I.] ↗ original
גַּרְדּוּם (גרדם) a stump. Ruth Rabbah section 1 end וילך איש ג׳ ‘and a man went’ (Ruth 1, 1)—a stump, i.e. without any description as to what he took with him (opposite to the description of the return to Palestine, Ezra 2, 66); [Yalkut Shimoni Ezra 1067 גָּדוּד, see גָּדַד; the same place (ibid.) Ruth 598 גָּרוּד stripped, alone, compare גְּרֵירָא.]—plural גַּרְדּוּמִין, construct state גַּרְדּוּמֵי. Tosefta Parah 12 (11), 2 ג׳ אזוב stumped stalks of hyssop; ג׳ ציצית (not ניצית); Menachoth 38ᵇ ג׳ תבלת remnant of the tsitsith. Sifré Numbers 115 שיריה וגַרְדּוּמֶיהָ what is left of it or the stump of it; Menachoth 39ᵃ שיריו וגַרְדּוּמָיו, explained ibid. דבעינן שירא לגרדומיו a small remnant of the threads must remain on the stumps; and elsewhere ↗ original
גַּרְדֹּום (גרד, compare Targum Judges 8, 6 under the word גְּרַד; compare סָרַק) place of torture and execution, (Roman) executioner’s scaffold, gallows. Shabbath 32ᵃ העולה לג׳ לידון he who ascends the scaffold to be punished. Avodah Zarah 1, 7 בסילקי ג׳ וכ׳ a basilica, a scaffold etc., interpreted the same place (ibid.) 16ᵇ בס׳ של ג׳ a basilica for tortures, executions etc., i.e. a basilica for holding court. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Shimu, p. 118ᵇ תלאו בגרדון ordered him to be suspended on the gallows (for torture); Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 69ᵇ top תְּלָיָין בג׳ (compare Gittin 57ᵇ, and elsewhere מסריקנא וכ׳). Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia X, end והגרדין טהור edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (edition ברדין; correct accordingly) the torturer’s block is not affected by levitical impurity. ↗ original
גַּרְדּוּמָא —plural גַּרְדּוּמֵי. Bechoroth 44ᵃ אשתיור ג׳ roots of the eyebrows remained visible.—Bereshith Rabbah section 33, see גַּרְזִימִי. ↗ original
גַּרְדִּי (גרד) wool-dresser, in gen. common weaver, different interpretation or differently interpreted frequently טַרְסִי. [Our word adopted in Greek a. Latin γέρδιος, gerdius.] Bava Bathra 21ᵃ one of the inmates of a court הרוצה לעשות … ג׳ that wants to open a business as … weaver. Kelim 12, 4 מסמר הג׳ the weaver’s pin (of the shuttle). Shabbath 93ᵇ קנה של ג׳ the weaver’s cane (quill); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 10, 12ᶜ bottom of the page גיר׳; and frequently—plural גַּרְדִּיִּים, גַּרְדִּין. Kiddushin 82ᵃ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 5, 14. Eduy. 1, 3; Sab. 15ᵃ.—Kilayim 9, 10 גרדין, see אוֹת 2.—[ (= גַּדְרִי) of Gadara, see אַבְנִימוֹס.] ↗ original
גַּרְדַּי Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 39, 22; and elsewhere—Koheleth Rabbah to 9, 10 חד גַּרְדַּיי (some edition גרדייא, correct accordingly); Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᵇ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, 35ᵃ bottom of the page גדליי (correct accordingly)—plural גַּרְדָּאִין, גַּרְדָּאֵי, גִּירְ׳. Targum Judges 16, 14 (some edition גדרסן, correct accordingly). Targum Isaiah 38, 12 (see גִּידּוּדָא); and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 39ᶜ bottom of the page גירדאי.—Yoma 20ᵇ, see אַבּוּב. Shabbath 151ᵇ, see אַכְסָן. ↗ original
גַּרְדִּיתָא (גרד) web or thread. Targum Job 7, 6 גרדית מחי (manuscript גַרְדָּיַית plural; Hebrew text ארג) the weaver’s thread. ↗ original
גַּרְדֵּם (Parel of גדם) to cut off, to lop.—Ithpaal אִיגַּרְדֵּםto be lopped. Menachoth 38ᵇ איג׳ תכלת וכ׳ if the blue fringe has been lopped off, but the white remains etc. the same place (ibid.) 39ᵃ גרדומין דאִיגַּרְדּוּם אִיגַּרְדּוּמֵי does not gardumav intimate that they (the fringes) are entirely cut off (leaving no remnant)? אִיתְגַּרְדִּים, אִיגַּרְדִּים (= גרזם, see גַּרְזִימִי) to be nibbled at. Targum Psalms 39, 12 היך עמר דאית׳ (manuscript דאיג׳) like wool nibbled at (by moths; Hebrew text כָּעָשׁ). ↗ original
גרדמני , Sifré Thazr., Nega'im Chaldaic (Aramaic) I some edition, read גִּרְמָנִי. ↗ original
גֵּרָה 1gerah (a grain), name of a coin. Bechoroth 50ᵃ the seed of St. John’s bread, see next word↗ original
גֵּרָה 2 (גרר, see גִּירָא 2) a shoot, stalk (of flax or asparagus). Mechilta Mshp., N’zikin, section 13 המערב את הג׳ בתלתן (variant reading גֵּירָה, גררה) he who mixes (other) stalks among stalks of fenugrec; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 343; Tosefta Bava Kamma 7, 8 גידה edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading גירה, גורה). [Löw Low, Aramaische Pflanzennamen, Leipzig 1881 p. 317: seed of St. John’s bread among seeds of fenugrec.] ↗ original
גֵּרָה 3 (גרר, compare גָרוֹן, גַּרְגֶּרֶת) [the rough, compare τραχεῖα,] throat, larynx with wind-pipe, lungs and heart. Tamid 3, 1. the same place (ibid.) 4, 3. Yoma 2, 7. (Biblical Hebrew; ground food, cud. מַעֲלֵה ג׳ruminant. Bechoroth 6ᵃ; Sifra Sh’mini Parah 2, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 3; and elsewhere ↗ original
גְּרוֹגְרוֹתG’rog’roth, Bar G’rog’roth, surname of one Judah. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 4, 48ᵃ ר׳ יהודה ג׳ (Babylonian edition גדגדות, גדגדניות, Munich manuscript גרוגרות, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage), p. 34, note 20). Yoma 78ᵃ בר ג׳ (Munich manuscript בר גרוגרת). ↗ original
גְּרוֹגֶרֶת (גרר, see גֵּרָה 3) [the rugged, shrivelled,] the dry fig. Shabbath 80ᵃ; Bava Bathra 55ᵇ; Kerith. 17ᵃ גרוגרות (correct accordingly). Echah Rabbah to 1, 11 כג׳ of the size of etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 2, beginning 51ᵈ people call לג׳ תירוש dry figs, too, tirosh (Tosafoth to Menachoth 103ᵃ לגרוגרות); and elsewhere—plural גְּרוֹגְרוֹת. Nazir 2, 1 if one says, I will be a Nazir abstaining from g’rog’roth, he is a Nazir; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 1; see כִּינּוּי. Maasroth 1, 8; and frequently ↗ original
גָּרוּד (participle passive of גָּרַד or גָּרֵר) stripped, bare. Yalkut Shimoni Ruth 598, see גַּרְדּוּם.—plural גְּרוּדִים. Avodah Zarah 33ᵃ גרוד׳ wine jars not lined with pitch; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4 (5), 10 גְּרוּדִין.—Fem. plural גְּרוּדוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 41ᵇ bottom of the page ↗ original
גְּרוּטִי (γρύτη) trash, frippery, broken ware. Kelim 11, 3 a vessel made משברי כלים מן הג׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition גרוטים, Bartenora, Bertinora גרוטאות) out of fragments of vessels, or out of small ware etc.—plural גְּרוּטָאוֹת. Shabbath 123ᵃ זורקה לבין הג׳ (Oxford manuscript גְּרוּטָאוֹתָיו; Rabbenu Shimshon to Kelim the passage cited גְּרוּטוֹתָיו) he cast it among the rubbish (considering it no longer a vessel); Bava Metzia 52ᵇ בין גרוטותיו (Munich manuscript לתוך גריטות׳). Bechoroth 13ᵇ; Avodah Zarah 53ᵃ; 71ᵇ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) V (6), 3. Tosefta Chullin 1, 18. ↗ original
גְּרוּמֵי (γρυμέα, crumena, see Lidd. a. Scott under the word; = γρύτη) trumpery, broken pieces of iron, glassware etc. Bava Bathra 89ᵇ top דיגרומי edition (Munich manuscript דגרומני, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) בגרמני) scales used for weighing etc. ↗ original
גָּרוֹן see גֵּרָה 3) throat, palate. Bereshith Rabbah section 94 להוט אחר גְּרוֹנוֹ anxious to gratify his appetite, to receive sustenance, see לָהַט. Berachoth 36ᵃ, and elsewhere חשש בגרונו to have a sore throat; and elsewhere ↗ original
גָּרוֹנָא Targum Isaiah 58, 1; and elsewhere—Sukkah 49ᵇ מגְּרוֹנֵיה שבע he finds satisfaction from his palate, i.e. by taking draughts large enough to gratify his taste. ↗ original
גְּרוּנְדָּא (גרד, compare גָּרִיד) hard, stony clod.—plural גְּרוּנְדֵּי. Bava Metzia 80ᵃ ואי דמחזקא בג׳ Munich manuscript (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note; edition דמחזקא גונדרי, correct accordingly) if the field is known for its stony clods. ↗ original
גָּרוֹסָה (see גָּרִיס) grist-maker or dealer. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 2ᵈ bottom of the page R. Jacob ג׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 4, 54ᵈ bottom of the page חווי פירין לג׳ showed the produces to a grist-dealer (to value them).—plural גָּרוֹסוֹת, גָּרוֹסִים. Menachoth 10, 4; Vayikra Rabbah section 18 רחים של ג׳; Pesikta Rabbati section 28 גרוסת (correct accordingly) the grist-grinders’ mills; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Haomer, p. 69ᵃ גריסות (correct accordingly); and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 4, 30ᵈ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 2, end, 81ᵇ גָּרוֹסֵי צפורין the grist-makers of Sepphoris. ↗ original
גְּרוּסְיָא (גרס) a dish of beans (a remedy for melancholy). Targum 2 Esther 3, 8 (compare Bereshith Rabbah section 94, beginning). ↗ original
גְּרוֹף = גְּרוֹפִיתblock or shoot. Bereshith Rabbah section 53 lest people say ג׳ מביתו וכ׳ (Isaac is) a shoot taken from the house of Abimelekh. Tanchuma Bechukkothai 5, see גְּרוֹפִית. ↗ original
גְּרוֹפִית (גרף, compare אֶגְרוֹף) [as large as a fist,] little stump or shoot. Kelim 12, 8 ג׳ של זית a vessel made out of a piece of an olive tree; Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 2, 19 he who makes vessels מג׳ של זית Rabbenu Shimshon to Kelim the passage cited (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) גרפות, גפו, correct accordingly).—Metaph. ג׳ של שקמה block of a sycamore tree, i.e. a man barren of thought, ignorant; barren of merits, worthless. Tanchuma Bechukkothai 5 Jephtah was as poor in the Law כגְרוֹפוֹ של שקמה (edition Buber edition 7 גרופות של ש׳ היה, note: גרופית) as a block etc.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 40ᶜ; Bereshith Rabbah section 25, end; Ruth Rabbah section 1, opposite ג׳ של זית one rich in merits; and elsewhere—plural גְּרוֹפִיּוֹת. Bava Bathra 5, 3 if one buys olive trees for felling, מניח שתי ג׳ he must leave a stump of two fists’ size (out of which new shoots may rise); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4, 7 (see Tos’feminine Yerushalmi (prefix) Tob ad loc. (on the passage), a. Bava Bathra 80ᵇ).—Bereshith Rabbah section 31, end ג׳ לזתים Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition singular) shoots for future olive plantation. ↗ original
גָּרוּשׁ (participle passive of גָּרַשׁ) a divorced spouse. Pesachim 112ᵃ ג׳ שנשא ג׳ a divorced husband who married a divorced wife. the same place (ibid.) ג׳ בחיי בעלה marrying a divorced wife while her husband is yet alive. Nedarim 20ᵇ גְּרוּשַׁת הלב divorced at heart, one whom her husband is determined to divorce; and frequently—plural גְּרוּשִׁים, feminine גְּרוּשׁוֹת. Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 268 וכי ג׳ אתם לי are ye divorced from me (the Lord)? ↗ original
גֵּרוּשִׁין (גרש) sending off, divorce. Bereshith Rabbah section 19; Echah Rabbah introduction 4 (referring to Genesis 3, 23 and the following) דנתי אותו בשלוחין ובג׳ I punished him with expulsion and banishment.—Gittin 64ᵃ שליש אומר לגי׳ the trustee says (the letter has been given me not as a deposit but) as a letter of divorce which I was authorized by thy wife to receive in her behalf.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 58ᶜ top גוים אין להן ג׳ the law of divorce (according to Deuteronomy 24, 3) does not apply to gentiles. the same place (ibid.) או שאין להם ג׳ וכ׳ either they have not the institution of divorce, or either may divorce the other; Bereshith Rabbah section 18; and frequently ↗ original
גֵּרוּת (denominative of גֵּר) the stranger’s civic condition. Bereshith Rabbah section 44; Pesikta Rabbati section 15, and elsewhere, see אִיסוֹפּוֹלִיטְיָא. conversion to Judaism. Gittin 85ᵃ ↗ original
גַּרְזִימִי feminine (גַּרְזִימִין masculine plural) (גרזם, Parel of גזם, compare Biblical Hebrew כִּרְסֵם) nibblings, dessert (mostly of fruits, see below). Echah Rabbah introduction 10 I wished they had made me (the Lord) כגרזימי הזו וכ׳ edition (variant reading גריזמי, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גרוז׳) like dessert which (at least) is served up at the end; Esther Rabbah to 1, 9 ככַרְזִימִין הזה(!); Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 318 כגרומזי וכ׳ (correct accordingly). Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 6, 10ᶜ bottom of the page גריזמי, גריזמתה edition Krot. (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גרוזמתא) = פִּרְפֶּרֶת a. כִּיסָנִין. Bereshith Rabbah section 33 גרוזמי דדהב וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) variant reading (edition גִּידּוּמֵי, גַּרְדּוּמֵי, see גדם) golden fruits on a golden tray; Vayikra Rabbah section 27 גרוזמין דדהב Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition חזורין … רמונין); [Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Shor, p. 74ᵇ בחורין … ורימונין … וגקרמונין (corrupted בחזריו … וגרזימין); Tanchuma Emor 6 ובלחמא]. ↗ original
גרי (Biblical Hebrew) to be rough, grating, scraping; see גֵּרָה, גָּרוֹן etc. to be hot, burn, singe (compare חָרָה). Pi'el פִּעֵל גִּירָה, גֵּרָהto incite, stir up, let loose. Sanhedrin 107ᵇ שגי׳ דובים וכ׳ because he let the bears loose against the children. Shemoth Rabbah section 21 ג׳ לפרעה He incited Pharaoh etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 19, end (interpret. hishshiani, Genesis 3, 13) גִּירַנִי. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 4 (play on משכני the same place (ibid.)) ממה שגֵּרִיתָ בי שכני הרעים from my hostile neighbors whom thou hast incited against me.—Transferred ג׳ את הדוב ב־to let temptation loose against. Bereshith Rabbah section 87 אני מְגָרֶה בך וכ׳ I shall lay temptation in thy way; and frequently—Vayikra Rabbah section 17 ביום שיְגָרֶה וכ׳ on the day when the Lord shall stir up his anger etc. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְגָּרֶה, , Nithpa. נִתְגָּרֶהto be inflamed, jealous; to rival. Sanhedrin 19ᵃ מִתְגָּרוֹת זו בזו jealous of one another. to engage in battle, to fight. Berachoth 7ᵇ; Megillah 6ᵇ מותר להִתְגָּרוֹת וכ׳ it is permitted to enter into combat with the wicked (with reference to Biblical Hebrew התחרה).—Bamidbar Rabbah section 19 נתג׳ בהם he attacked them. to be let loose. Esther Rabbah introduction נִתְגָּרְתָה אותה הדוב that temptation was aroused (against Joseph), see above; Bamidbar Rabbah section 13 מִתְגָּרַת. to have a passion for, to indulge freely in. Yoma 76ᵇ wine is called תירׄשׄ, because he המִתְגָּרֶה בו נעשה רׄשׄ who indulges in it becomes poor. Avodah Zarah 18ᵇ; 19ᵇ אֶתְגָּרֶה בשינה I will freely indulge in sleep (idleness). (denominative of תִּגְרָה) to incite. Bamidbar Rabbah section 18; Tanchuma Koraḥ 3 להִתְגָּרוֹת בו את וכֹ׳ to incite Israel against him. ↗ original
גְּרִי —Pa'el גָּרֵיto incite, let loose. Targum Numbers 21, 6; and frequently to let off, drive, thrust. Nazir 4ᵇ דילמא גָּרוּיֵי ג׳ בהו perhaps he thrust (the jaw bone) at them (without touching them; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Rashi: גרדויי גרד וכ׳, obviously for גררויי גרר, compare גיררא, see Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) Aruch Completum (Kohut) under the word). Taanith 25ᵃ אֲגָרֵי בך וכ׳, see גִּירָא 2. [ to drag (compare גרר). Niddah 36ᵇ, see גְּדֵי.] Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְגָּרֵי,Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִיגְּרֵיto attack. Targum Deuteronomy 2, 5; and frequently Targum I Samuel 13, 4 (Hebrew text נבאש!). [Targum Psalms 22, 8 edition Lagarde edition, see גְּרַר.]—Echah Rabbah to 1, 5 מלכוותא מִתְגַּרְיָן בכון kingdoms will attack you; and elsewhere to be let loose, hurled. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 28, 60; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 1, 16ᵃ top הא דובא מִתְגַּרְיָא לך that same temptation will be let loose etc., see the preceding Hithpa'el to become impassionate, be hot with sexual passion. Sanhedrin 64ᵃ דלא מִיגְּרֵי איניש בקרובתיה Munich manuscript (edition איגרו) that one does not fall in love with his nearest kindred. Avodah Zarah 22ᵇ כיון דמיגרי בה because the animal will show his sexual desire by running after her (and thus betray her sin).—Denom. תִּגְרָא. ↗ original
גְּרִיד (גרד) [rind, crust, compare גָּרָב,] the parched surface of the field, arid land, unbroken or untilled ground.—ימי הג׳ dry season, summer. Bava Metzia 5, 10.—the same place (ibid.) חרוש עמי בג׳ plough thou with me in dry ground (in summer), opposite רְבִיעָה.—מקום הג׳ dry ground, opposite מקום הטיט (הטינא) muddy ground. Pesachim 55ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 2, 27ᵈ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Challah 1, 57ᶜ.—Moed Katan 6ᵇ שדה ג׳, opposite מטוננת.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 2, 28ᵃ bottom of the page ג׳ unbroken ground between tilled fields. Bereshith Rabbah section 33, end נעשה כג׳ וכ׳ (the earth, after the flood had subsided) became like hard unbroken ground; they planted but nothing would grow. ↗ original
גְּרֵידָא (גרד) [stripped,] alone, mere, unqualified (see גַּרְדּוּם). Avodah Zarah 37ᵃ אם מתי ג׳ the mere formula ‘If I die’ (without qualification). Yevamoth 20ᵃ לא תעשה ג׳ הוא it is merely a prohibitory law; and frequently—plural גְּרֵידֵי. the same place (ibid.) 79ᵇ חייבי לאוין ג׳ trespassers of a mere prohibitory law, opposite לאוין דשאר referring to incest. Chullin 2ᵇ; and frequently—Fem. גְּרֵידְתָא. Sotah 32ᵇ אמירה ג׳ the expression אמר not qualified by ענה. Kethuboth 73ᵇ טעות אשה אחת ג׳ a plain error concerning one woman (where you cannot say that the case may be considered as though concerning two different persons); and frequently—[Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Exodus 14, 25, see גְּרַר.] ↗ original
גְּרִידוּתָא (גְּרַד 2) friction (at sexual intercourse). Yevamoth 75ᵇ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גרידתא). ↗ original
גְּרֵידְתָא , see גְּרֵידָא. [Yevamoth 75ᵇ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see the preceding] ↗ original
גְּרִיוָא (גרב, גרף, labial softened) [a quantity carried at a time to and from the hand-mill (compare I גָּרָב 1),] griva, a dry measure (= סְאָה). Avodah Zarah 43ᵃ והוא דנקיט ג׳ וכ׳ provided the statue (of Serapis) has a grivah (modius) as a symbol of measuring (see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Coma). Eruvin 29ᵇ גרויא (correct accordingly, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 1). Pesachim 32ᵃ. Nedarim 51ᵃ כל ג׳ וכ׳ whatever measure I may want. בי ג׳ or ג׳ the size of a field needed for a griva of seed (compare סְאָה). Bava Kamma 96ᵃ ג׳ דארעא a griva of land; Bava Metzia 110ᵇ; the same place (ibid.) 15ᵇ גרבא edition (Munich manuscript גרויא, Manuscript Florence גריבא, Manuscript Rome גריוא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note).—plural גְּרִיוֵי. Eruvin 14ᵇ. Bava Bathra 73ᵃ, see בְּזַק. Nedarim 50ᵇ and the following ↗ original
גָּרִיס , plural גְּרִיסִין (Biblical Hebrew [split, broken,] grits especially pounded beans; beans used for pounding. Bereshith Rabbah section 94, beginning; Niddah 9, 6 and the following; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 8, 9, see חֲלוּקָה a. שְׁעוּעִית.—Maasroth 5, 8 ג׳ הקלקין Cilician beans. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 14 [read:] אילו הן ג׳ הקלקין (אילו) הַגַּסִּין המרובעין (see Maimonides a. Rabbenu Shimshon to Maasroth the passage cited) Cilician beans are the large and quadrangular; and frequently [גריסות, see גָּרוֹסָה.]—כג׳ the size of a bean. Sifra Thazr. Nega'im Chaldaic (Aramaic) 1. Kelim 17, 1Kelim 17, 12 ג׳ נגעים כג׳ וכ׳ the garis as a standard for eruptions is the Cilician bean. (plural) a dish of pounded grains. Koheleth Rabbah to 2, 2; Tanchuma Aḥaré 1, and elsewhere קערה של ג׳ a dish of boiled grit; Ruth Rabbah to 2, 14 גְּרִישִׂין. [the same place (ibid.) to 2, 15 היה מבקר גרישין, read with Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 604 גְּדִישִׁין, see גָּדִישׁ.] ↗ original
גְּרִיסָא Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, 6ᵇ top פינכא דג׳ a dish of beans; Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 1, 49ᵃ top דגלוסא (correct accordingly).—plural גְּרִיסִין. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 14, 37. [Shemoth Rabbah section 43 קאקז גריסין, see קָאקִיגוֹרוֹס.] ↗ original
גְּרִיעוּתָא (גרע) diminution; lesser degree; disadvantage. Berachoth 56ᵃ מפשר ליה לג׳ he interpreted his dream unfavourably, opposite למעליותא. Bava Kamma 99ᵇ עביד בך … תרתי לג׳ he has doubly injured thee (through his verdict). Yevamoth 122ᵇ top מאי ג׳ וכ׳ whereon is the inn-keeper’s lower status (lesser trustworthiness) based? Chullin 5ᵇ wherever the Bible uses b’hemah (beast), ג׳ היא does it necessarily imply contempt? ↗ original
גְּרִיפָה (גרף) removal of coal and ashes, scraping. Betzah 28ᵇ גְּרִיפַת וכ׳ the cleaning of stoves etc. ↗ original
גְּרִיצָה (גרץ to cut, compare גרס) slice. plural גְּרִיצוֹתbread or cake formed of slices twisted together or layers above one another, twists. Betzah 2, 6 (21ᵇ) אין אופין פִּתָּן ג׳ Munich manuscript a. edition Yerushalmi (prefix) (edition פִּתִּין גְּרִיצִין, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פתן גריצין) they must not (on Holy Days) bake their bread in the form of twists; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 61ᶜ bottom of the page—Tosefta Avodah Zarah 7 (8), 2 מוליכין עמו ג׳ לתנור you may carry your cakes, to be baked with his, to the confectioner’s oven.—Sanhedrin 100ᵇ, see next word↗ original
גְּרִיצְתָּא feminine, גְּרִיץ masculine Chaldaic (Aramaic) same. Targum Exodus 29, 23 (O. צתא …, Yerushalmi (prefix) גריץ, Hebrew text חַלָּה). Targum Proverbs 6, 26 (Hebrew text ככר); and elsewhere—plural גְּרִיצָן, גְּרִיצָתָא. Targum Genesis 18, 6 (Hebrew text עגות). Targum Leviticus 7, 12 and the following—Sanhedrin 100ᵇ תרתין גריצים, read גְּרִיצָן. ↗ original
גְּרִירָה (גרר) scraping off. Chullin 84ᵃ מחוסר … וג׳ requires the acts of pouring out the blood, scraping off the blood stains etc. the same place (ibid.) 93ᵃ ריש מעיא … בעי ג׳ the top of the small bowels up to a cubit’s length must be scraped (in order to remove the fat). dragging, pulling, moving an object without lifting. Shabbath 22ᵃ; Pesachim 101ᵃ; Menachoth 41ᵇ הלכה … בג׳ the law decides in favor of … with reference to dragging an object on the Sabbath, see גָּרַר. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 60ᵈ top מהו שיקנו בג׳ can they be taken possession of by moving without lifting? carrying with, involving. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 7, 34ᶜ top מאי נפקא … ג׳ what is the difference between them? They differ as to the majority of one tribe carrying with it (determining the legal status of) the whole nation, see גָּרַר 3.—Shabbath 71ᵃ ומי אית ליה … ג׳ does R. adopt the opinion that one action can be involved with another so as to be considered one continuous act (e.g. cutting grain and immediately grinding it)? the same place (ibid.) ג׳ דג׳ an application of this principle in the second degree, that the action involved should involve a third action. ↗ original
גָּרַם (see גרר) to drag along, carry with it.—participle passive גָּרוּםadded in boot, additional measure, see גֵּירוּמִין.—אַמָּה גְּרוּמָה a large cubit. Bereshith Rabbah section 12 [read:] כאמה ג׳ the size of a liberal cubit (equal to a cubit and a half of strict measure; some edition גד׳; version in ‘Rashi’ ad loc. (on the passage) גרמידא ומחצה).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 6, end, 50ᵇ אמה גרו׳, read גְּדוּמָה, see גָּדַם. [Tosefta Bechoroth 5, 4 אצבעותיו גרומות variant reading, edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) גְּדוּמוֹת.]—Transferred to carry with it, to be the cause of, to engender. דבר הגֹּורֵם לממון something which may be the cause of pecuniary profit or loss. Bava Kamma 71ᵇ if one steals objects dedicated to the sanctuary for which the original owner is responsible in case of loss etc., he is bound to pay the thief’s fine (כֵּפֶל) to the owner; אלמא דבר הג׳ למ׳ כממון דמי which proves that that which may cause a pecuniary loss, is to be considered as the property of him to whom it may cause it. the same place (ibid.) 98ᵇ according to the opinion of R. Shimeon who says דבר הגורם … מיחייב that what is the cause of monetary gain is considered as money, he who burns a note of indebtedness is bound to pay the full amount of the note; and frequently—Sanhedrin 104ᵃ גורם גלות לבניו causes his children to be exiled. Berachoth 5ᵇ bottom of the page ג׳ לשכינה וכ׳ is the cause of the Divine Presence departing from Israel. Moed Katan 25ᵃ בבל גָּרְמָה לו Babylonia was the cause (that the Shekhinah did not rest upon him). Avodah Zarah 8ᵇ bottom of the page המקום גורם the place makes the act legal, i.e. only in the Temple hall can the Sanhedrin judge capital cases; Sanhedrin 14ᵇ המקום ג׳ only in the Temple hall can a rebellious elder be judged; the same place (ibid.) 87ᵃ.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 1, 2ᶜ top דבר שהוא בא מחמת הגורם וכ׳ if a prohibition arises from a cause (a person that causes it, e.g. the prohibition against C.’s marrying B. because B.’s sister A. is his wife)—when the cause is removed (through A.’s death), the prohibition ceases; but a prohibition which has not its cause in the action of a person (but in natural kinship, e.g. C.’s daughter married to C.’s brother whereby she becomes forbidden to him also as his brother’s wife), is not removed with the removal of the cause of the (additional) prohibition, i.e. C. cannot perform the levir’s marriage with his brother’s wife since she has not ceased to be his daughter; the same place (ibid.) 3, beginning, 4ᶜ; 4, 6ᵃ top of the page—זה וזה גורם a product of combined causes. Temurah 30ᵇ זה וזה ג׳ אסור a product of combined causes is forbidden, e.g. the offspring of a dam unfitted for the altar, and of a sire fit; Pesachim 27ᵃ; and frequently—the same place (ibid.) 26ᵇ זה וזה ג׳ מי שמעת ליה can you prove that Rabbi adopts the rule forbidding the product of combined causes?—Niddah 31ᵃ (homiletical play on Genesis 49, 14) חמור ג׳ ליששכר the braying of an ass was the cause of Isachar being begotten; Bereshith Rabbah section 99; see next wordPi'el פִּעֵל גֵּירֵםsame. Bereshith Rabbah section 39 הדרך מְגָרֶמֶת וכ׳ traveling is the cause of three evils. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִגְרָםto be indirectly engendered. Avodah Zarah 55ᵇ אסור לִיגָּרֵם וכ׳ no assistance must be given to making unclean etc. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִגְרִיםto leave a comb (גֵּרוּם) in striking a measure off, whence (in ritual slaughtering) to cut in a slanting direction, to let the knife slide beyond the space prescribed for cutting. Chullin 19ᵃ; 20ᵃ; and frequently—participle passive feminine מוּגְרֶמֶת an animal slaughtered by a slanting cut. the same place (ibid.) 18ᵇ; and frequently—Denom. הַגְרָמָה. ↗ original
גְּרַם 1 Targum Isaiah 3, 9; and frequently—Megillah 12ᵇ אנא גַּרְמִי וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition גרים) I am the cause that M. was born. Berachoth 7ᵇ שמא גָרֵים a person’s name has an influence on his fate or character. Avodah Zarah 19ᵇ ע"א מאן קא גרים לה what action caused the work to be called an idol?—Bereshith Rabbah section 98 [read:] יששכר חמור גַּרְמֵיה (play on גרם, see preceding word) the braying of an ass caused him to be begotten (by announcing Jacob’s arrival upon which Leah went forth to meet him; see the same place (ibid.) section 99, Niddah 31ᵃ). ↗ original
גְּרַם 2 (denominative of גַּרְמָא, compare עצם) to be substantial, strong. *Targum Proverbs 18, 10 וניגריס ביה manuscript a. variant reading in edition Lagarde edition (read ונִיגְרִים; edition ונתרים). the same place (ibid.) 5, 19 תִּגְרַם (some edition תְּגָרֵם, manuscript תגרס) thou shalt grow strong. Pa'el פִּעֵל גָּרֵיםto strengthen, comfort. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 35, 9 וגָרִימַת וכ׳ (some edition וגְרִי׳ Pe.) and Thou didst strengthen him (in his trouble). to eat up to the bone, to pick off. Targum Psalms 27, 2 לְגָּרָמָא (manuscript a. Regia לגַמָּרָא, see גְּמַר).—Bava Bathra 22ᵃ אדמְגַרְמִיתוּ גרמי וכ׳ (Munich manuscript מגרדיתו frequently גְּרַד; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) דמגריסתו frequently גְּרַס; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) in place of picking off bones (receiving scanty instruction) in the school of A., go ye and eat flesh etc. Af'el הִפְעִיל אַגְרֵיםto make substantial, harden. Targum Proverbs 8, 28 (variant reading אוגריס, Hebrew text אמץ). ↗ original
גָּרָם (גָּרַם) cause, indirect production of an effect. Shabbath 120ᵇ גְּרַם כיבוי indirect extinction of a fire (by placing vessels filled with water in its way), see גְּרָמָא. ↗ original
גֶּרֶם גרם to strip; compare גרד, [stripped, bare, compare 2 Kings 9, 13,] skeleton, bone; (compare עֶצֶם) self, strength.—plural גְּרָמִים. Bereshith Rabbah section 98 מה חמור זה גְּרָמָיו ברורים as the bony frame of the ass is clearly discernible. ↗ original
גַּרְמָא construct state גֶּרֶם, גְּרַם same, a bare twig, opposite כְּבָסָא. Makkoth 8ᵃ (Munich manuscript גִּירְמָא). bone. Targum Genesis 2, 23; and frequently [Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 27, 5 גומא read גַּר׳ or גּוּרְמָא.]—Bereshith Rabbah section 70 [read as Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 124, compare Daniel 6, 25) כהדין ג׳ אנא מהדק לך like a bone I shall crush thee. Berachoth 5ᵇ; Bava Bathra 116ᵃ, see בִּיר.—plural גַּרְמַיָּא, גַּרְמֵי. Targum Genesis the passage cited גַּרְמַי (Yerushalmi (prefix) גְּרָמַי). Targum Ezek. 37, 4; and frequently—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 38, 4 [read:] גּוּמְרַיָּא וְגַרְמַיָּא or גורמיא וגומריא, see above.—Bava Bathra 58ᵃ חביתא דג׳ a vessel of bones (an enigmatical phrase for an animal). the same place (ibid.) 22ᵃ, see גְּרַם 2.—Betzah 11ᵃ תברא ג׳ a block on which bones are chopped; and frequently body, self. ג׳ ג׳each for itself, one after the other. the same place (ibid.) 11ᵇ. Chullin 113ᵃ.—With suffixes of personal pronouns: גַּרְמִיmyself etc. Targum Job 1, 3 לגַרְמֵיה as his own, לגֶרֶם אתתיה (manuscript לגְרַם) as his wife’s sole property. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 7, 29 בגַרְמֵיה himself; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 75, beginning, see גַּפָּא I. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 3, 6ᶜ bottom of the page קטר גרמיה tied himself; and frequently—Berachoth 48ᵃ, and frequently לג׳ הוא דעבד he did so for himself, i.e. this is no authoritative precedent.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Orlah 1, 61ᵃ top ג׳ אמר he gave his own opinion. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 3, 21ᵃ bottom of the page בשם גרמיה in his own name; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 2, 63ᵃ top of the page—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 3, end, 28ᵃ כל גַּרְמָהּ אמרה this very fact (thing) proves; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 5, end, 36ᶜ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 9, beginning 32ᵈ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 9, end, 37ᵃ כל גרמא (correct accordingly). ↗ original
גְּרָמָאcause.—מ"ע שהזמן ג׳ (in Hebr. diction) a positive command the observance of which depends on a certain time of the day or season of the year. Kiddushin 1, 7 (29ᵃ); and frequently indirect effect. Shabbath 120ᵇ ג׳ שרי indirect effect (e.g. effacing the Divine Name in consequence of bathing) is permitted, opposite עשייה the direct active Bava Kamma 60ᵃ ג׳ בניזקין פטור damage by indirect action is not actionable. Bava Bathra 22ᵇ ג׳ בניזקין אסור to cause indirect damage is forbidden.—plural גְּרָמֵי. Bava Kamma 98ᵇ מאן דדאין דינא דג׳ he who holds the opinion that one who is the cause of damage to another person is responsible; the same place (ibid.) 100ᵃ; 117ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original
גִּרְמַמְיָאGermamia, Germania, the land of the Cimmerii (see Schrader KAT p. 428). Targum I Chronicles 1, 5; Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 10, 2 (for Magog); Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᵇ bottom of the page; Yoma 10ᵃ (for Gomer); Bereshith Rabbah section 37, beginning (for Magog). the same place (ibid.) (also for Togarmah, see גִּרְמַנִיקְיָא). (ג׳ של אדום or של רומי) Germania, the Roman province of Germania. Megillah 6ᵃ; 6ᵇ; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 888. Bereshith Rabbah section 75, see בַּרְבַּרְיָא. [Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᶜ bottom of the page read גִּרְמָנִי.] ↗ original
גִּרְמָנִי (Germanus, see preceding article) German, one of the Caucasian race, white man, opposite כּוּשִׁי. Bereshith Rabbah section 86 everywhere you find ג׳ מוכר כושי one of the white race sells a dark man. Nega'im 2, 1, see בַּהֶרֶת.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 8, 45ᵇ top ג׳ עבדיה וכ׳ a German, a slave of etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᶜ bottom of the page גרמניא (correct accordingly); Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, end, 42ᵃ גרמנא. ↗ original
גִּרְמָנִיקְיָאGermanicia, town (and district) in the province of Commagene, near the borders of Cappadocia. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᵇ bottom of the page; Yoma 10ᵃ; Bereshith Rabbah section 37 (for Togarmah, see Schrader KAT p. 428); [Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 10, 3; Targum I Chronicles 1, 6 בַּרְבַּרִיאָה.] ↗ original
גָּרַס see גרר), Pi'el גֵּירֵס to crush, split, grind. Tosefta T’bul Yom 2, 12 fat figs שלא גֵירְסָהּ which he has not yet crushed (into a cake). 5. גָּרִיס. ↗ original
גְּרַס 1Pa'elגָּרֵיס, Af. אַגְרֵיס same. Bava Bathra 22ᵃ, see גְּרם 2 Af. [Targum Proverbs 8, 28, see גְּרַם 2 Af'el] ↗ original
גְּרַס 2 (compare גרר, גּוֹרֶן) to scrape together; to collect, accumulate. Denom. גּוּרְסִינָא. [Targum Proverbs 18, 10; 5, 19, see גְּרַם 2.]—Transferred to acquire knowledge, to commit traditions to memory, as a preliminary stage to speculation and analysis compared to grinding, see טחן. Avodah Zarah 19ᵃ לעולם יגמר ואע"ג דמשכח ולִיגְרַס ואע"ג דלא ידע וכ׳ Munich manuscript one must at all events acquire readiness (see גְּמַר 2), though one may afterwards forget, and one must study by heart though one does not understand, for Holy Writ says (Psalms 119, 20) gar’sah etc.; it says גָרְסָה and not טָחֲנָה (my soul heaps up, but not it grinds, learns but not analyzes); (edition לִיגְרִיס, and other Variants); Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 876.—Berachoth 8ᵃ הוה גְרִיסְנָא בגו ביתאי Munich manuscript (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) I used to study in my house; Megillah 29ᵃ. Berachoth the passage cited bottom of the page turned his face וגריס and reviewed (what he had learned). Taanith 10ᵇ למִיגְרַס to recite traditions, opposite לעיוני to speculate. Berachoth 13ᵇ (referring to Deuteronomy 11, 18, see Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) ad loc. (on the passage)) teach your children …, כי היכי דלִיגְרְסוּ בהו (Munich manuscript ונִגְרְסוּ בהו) so that they be able to review them (by themselves); and frequently—participle act. גָּרֵיסwell-versed, knowing by heart. Bava Bathra 21ᵃ ג׳ ולא דייק knowing Bible verses by heart, but being inexact.—participle pass. גְּרִיס, feminine גְּרִיסָאknown by heart. Menachoth 32ᵇ מיגרס גְּרִיסִין; Megillah 18ᵇ מיגרס גְּרִיסָן they are known by heart. ↗ original
גִּרְסָא (the preceding) acquired learning, study of tradition. Targum Song of Songs 1, 2 בג׳ for verbal study.—Megillah 6ᵇ לאוקומי ג׳ וכ׳ to preserve (in memory) what one has learned requires divine assistance. Shabbath 21ᵇ ג׳ דינקותא what has been learned in youth (which is better remembered). the same place (ibid.) 30ᵇ לא הוה פסיק פומיה מג׳ did not cease reciting. Eruvin 68ᵃ אנא … בגִרְסָאִי I am busy studying; and frequently—plural גִּרְסַיָּיא, גִּירְ׳. Bava Bathra 22ᵃ דלא ליטרדו מגִּירְסַיְיהוּ Munich manuscript (edition אתו ליטרדו מג׳) that they may not be disturbed in their studies. (editorial note) version. Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 84 ג׳ אחרינא זה וכ׳ another version (for זה איוב, Bereshith Rabbah section 50) is, ‘This alludes to the tribe of Levi’. [Frequently in commentaries.—Denom. גרסto read. הכי גרסינן (abbr. ה"ג) such is the proper reading.] ↗ original
גַּרְסִי (see גָּרִיס) grits-dealer or maker, see גָּרוֹסָה. Midrash Proverbs Chaldaic (Aramaic) 9; Eruvin 21ᵇ יהושוע הג׳ (not רבי, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). ↗ original
גָּרַע 1 see גרר) to scrape off, to diminish, deduct. Sanhedrin 29ᵃ כל המוסיף גּוֹרֵעַ he who adds (to the truth) diminishes (whoever does too much does too little). Rosh Hashanah 28ᵇ, and frequently עובר על בל תִּגְרַע transgresses the law which prohibits diminishing from what the Law prescribes (Deuteronomy 13, 1, see בַּל). Yoma 48ᵃ גּוֹרְעִין ומוסיפין ודורשין we may take away (one servile letter from one word of the text) and add it to another and thus interpret the law (e.g. מדם הפר explained as: דם מהפר); Bava Bathra 111ᵇ; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 8, end, 9ᵈ, see גָּלַע.—[Bereshith Rabbah section 19, and elsewhere גרעה קומתו, see גָּוַע.]—participle pass. גָּרוּעַinferior. plural גְּרוּעִים. Bereshith Rabbah section 28. [Berachoth 36ᵃ ומי גרע, read with Munich manuscript גריעי.] Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִגְרִיעַto deduct from, to calculate the price of redemption in proportion to the years served and those to be served, see גֵּירוּעַ Kiddushin 11ᵇ מַגְרַעַת מפדיונה she makes a deduction from her redemption money; the same place (ibid.) 14ᵇ מגרעת פדיונה she lessens etc.; the same place (ibid.) 16ᵃ מגרע פד׳ (correct accordingly). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 58ᶜ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 6, beginning 36ᵈ מגרעת (ב)מעה וכ׳ she redeems herself by deducting a M’ah for each year. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִגְרַעto be deducted, to be redeemed by deducting the compensation for the time served. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin the passage cited אם בקשה לִיגָּרֵעַ if the desires a redemption by deduction etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth the passage cited למיגרע (read: לֵהִיגָּ׳ or לִיגָּ׳). Kiddushin 11ᵇ תִּיגָּרֵעַ עד פרוטה she can redeem herself by deductions until she comes down to a P’rutah. ↗ original
גְּרַע , especially to shave, cut the hair (dialectically interchanging with גרד). Targum Judges 16, 19; 2 Samuel 10, 4 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition גדע, edition Lagarde edition 2 Samuel the passage cited גרע; compare Isaiah 15, 2, Jeremiah 48, 37).—Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 ג׳ רישיה (8 חד מאת׳) רבתי he shaved his head. Sanhedrin 96ᵃ (proverb) גְּרַעְתֵּיה לארמאה וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition גרירתיה, Munich manuscript גרידתיה) if you shave a gentile, he likes it; hang fire on his beard, and you will get no end of his fun (i.e. if he finds it convenient, he will submit to indignities).—participle passive גְּרִיעַ, feminine גְּרִיעָאshaved. Echah Rabbah the passage cited inferior, less. Yevamoth 51ᵃ ג׳ ממאמר is inferior (as to legal power) to etc., see מַאֲמָר. Gittin 70ᵃ ג׳ דכולהו the worst of all. Af'el הִפְעִיל אַגְרַע as the precedingHif'il [Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 30, 11, read מגדעא.] Kiddushin 11ᵇ מַגְרְעָה ואזלה she deducts more and more every year. the same place (ibid.) [read:] מאי מגרעה what is there for her to deduct from?—Arachin 25ᵃ, see below. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִיגְּרַע as the precedingNif'al Arachin 30ᵇ מִיגְּרְעָא ואזלא his obligation grows less (every year, if he chooses to redeem her). the same place (ibid.) 25ᵃ לא מִגְּרַע ליה (Rashi מיג׳) no deduction is allowed him (for fractions of a year). ↗ original
גָּרַע 2to form globules, to drop. Denom. גַּרְעִין. Pi'el פִּעֵל גֵּרַע,Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִגְרִיעַ (denominative of גרעין) to form globules (one of the early stages of development of the grape). Shevi'ith 4, 10 גפנים מִשֶּׁיְּגָרְעוּ grape vines (must not be cut down in the Sabbath year) from the moment they form stones, Maimonides; other opinion ovules containing moisture; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, end 35ᶜ משיַגְרִיעוּ (Hif'il), defined משיזחלו מים, with referring to Job 36, 27; Berachoth 63ᵇ; Pesachim 52ᵇ and the following משיגריעו (Munich manuscript 2 משיגרעו). ↗ original
גָּרָע (גרע 1) scraper, barber, in gen. low class surgeon, blood-letter etc. Kiddushin 82ᵃ. Kelim 12, 4; Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 2, 11 גָּרוֹעַ, see מַסְמָר. ↗ original
גַּרְעִין common gender (see גָּרַע 2) globule, especially the stone or kernel of a stone fruit, nut etc.—plural גַּרְעִינִין, גַּלְעִינִין, גַּרְאִי׳. Shabbath 7, 4 (76ᵇ) גרעינין Munich manuscript (edition גַּרְעִינֵיהֶן); Yerushalmi (prefix) edition גַּלְעִינֵיהֶן. Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 77ᵇ top, question as to spelling with א or ע (decided by referring to ונגרע Leviticus 27, 18). Shevi'ith 7, 3 גל׳. Terumoth 11, 5 גַּרְעִינֵי תרומה (Munich manuscript גל׳) stones of fruits which are the priest’s share. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 10, 1; and frequently 5. גַּרְעִינָה. ↗ original
גַּרְעִינָה feminine = גַּרְעִין (collect. noun, used promiscuously with גַּרְעִינִין). ʿUktsin 2, 2 גל׳ של רוטב the stones of moist olives; Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 11, 47ᵈ bottom of the page גלעיני הרוטב. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 1, 48ᵈ bottom of the page; and frequently ↗ original
גַּרְעִינוּתָא feminine Chaldaic (Aramaic) same. Berachoth 39ᵃ גַּרְעִינוּתֵיה (Munich manuscript גַּרְעִינֵיח) the stones (of an olive). ↗ original
גָּרַף see גרר) to scrape, sweep, esp. to remove ashes and coal from the stove; to scrape together, collect. Kelim 8, 11 היתה גוֹרְפָתוֹ if while she was sweeping it (the stove) etc. Shabbath 3, 1 עד שיִגְרוֹף not before he has swept it.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 7, 20ᵇ top (referring to Joel 1, 17) תחת שהיינו גוֹרְפִים וכ׳ in place of collecting honey (from beehives or trees), we collected foul matter. Shabbath 17, 2 לִגְרוֹף בה וכ׳ to grab with it the figs out of the barrel; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 67 גּוֹרֶפֶת מחוטמה blowing her nose (see גָּרַר).—participle pass. גָּרוּף, feminine גְּרוּפָהcleared of ashes etc., swept. Shabbath 3, 4, see אַנְטִיכִי; and frequently—[Bereshith Rabbah section 53 ג׳ מביתו של וכ׳ (Isaac is) the refuse of etc., commentary or commentaries; see, however, גְּרוֹף.] Pi'el פִּעֵל גֵּירַףsame. Kerith. 7ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 7, 25ᵇ top, see גָּדַף↗ original
גְּרַף Targum 2 Esther 3, 8 גרפין חמיעא they remove leavened things.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 2, end, 29ᶜ גְּרוֹף מן תוחתיהון scrape them at the bottom. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 4, 62ᶜ bottom of the page [read:] איזלי גַרְפִין go thou and sweep them (the stones) out. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 1, 80ᵇ bottom of the page; and frequently Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְגְּרִיףto be scraped out, removed. Targum 2 Esther the passage cited Ithpalp. אִיתְגַּרְגֵּיףsame. Targum Job 7, 12 like the Ocean דמִתְגַּרְגֵּף וכ׳ manuscript which, at certain times, is swept (pours itself out over the shores; edition דמתרגיף, see רְגַף). ↗ original
גָּרַר 1 see גָּרָה) [to produce a grating, scraping sound,] to scratch, scrape, shave (see גָּרַד, גָּרַע I). Shabbath 8, 6 (81ᵃ) כדי לִגְרוֹר וכ׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Yerushalmi (prefix) edition לגרוד) large enough to scrape with it the top etc. Rosh Hashanah 27ᵇ גְּרָרוֹ Munich manuscript (edition גרדו), see גֶּלֶד. Kethuboth 60ᵃ; Kerith. 21ᵇ גֹּורְרוֹ וכ׳ he must scrape the blood off before eating the bread; and frequently—participle passive גָּרוּר, see גָּרוּד. to drag, to move without lifting;(also neut. verb) to follow. Shabbath 29ᵇ, and frequently גורר אדם וכ׳ one may, on the Sabbath, pull or push a couch etc. (on the floor). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 1, 27ᵇ bottom of the page לא יָגוֹר אדם וכ׳ one must not pull etc. Tanchuma Thazr. 8 גְּרָרוּהוּ מקברו they dragged him out of his grave. Tosefta Eruvin 11 (8), 13; Tosefta Betzah 2, 19 דלת הגֹּורֶרֶת … הגֹּורְרִים (Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 10, 26ᵇ bottom of the page גודרת, correct accordingly, see גָּדַר) a door which drags along the ground (on opening), a matting which is moved by dragging, or large kegs which etc.; Eruvin 101ᵃ דלת הנִגְרֶרֶת … הנִגְרָר. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 15 אני גוֹרְרוֹ למבולו I will drag him to the flood in which to perish; and frequently—Tanchuma Thazr. 9 (referring to Psalms 5, 5 יגרך) אין אתה נגרר … ואין הרעה גוֹרֶרֶת אותך וכ׳ neither art thou dragged behind (attracted by) evil, nor does evil drag (have power over) thee, nor does it dwell with thee; Yalkut Shimoni Kings 231 אין אתה גורר אחר … גוררת אחריך.—participle passive גָּרוּרdragged along, hanging on.—plural גְּרוּרִים, גְּרוּרִין. Bamidbar Rabbah section 18 ח׳ ג׳ eight threads dragged along (as fringes; Tanchuma Korah 12 ח׳ חוטין). Avodah Zarah 3ᵇ, and elsewhere גרים ג׳ proselytes who have attached themselves but have not been admitted, see גֵּר. to carry with it, to cause; to affect (see גָּרַם). Yerushalmi (prefix) Horayoth 1, 46ᵃ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 7, 34ᶜ שבט אחד גֹּורֵר וכ׳ (a majority of) one tribe affects the legal status of the entire nation, i.e. the majority of tribes (seven) decides, though it may be a minority of the people as a whole. Vayikra Rabbah section 13, end (play on gerah, Leviticus 11, 4 and the following) גָּרְרָה מלכות וכ׳ carried another government after it, i.e. was followed by another oppressive government. Avoth 4, 2 מצוה גוֹרֶרֶת וכ׳ a good deed begets a good deed etc. Tosefta Shabbath 15 (16), 6 [read:] אין גֹּורֵר וכ׳ it is not considered a corpse so as to cause uncleanness to man or vessels. to saw, split. Shabbath 17, 2 (122ᵇ) a saw (may be used on the Sabbath) לָגוֹר בה וכ׳ (Munich manuscript לִגְרוֹר, Mishnah edition Pesachim לגָרֵר, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) to saw cheese with it. Oholoth 15, 8 עתיד לָגוֹר Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) intended to be sawed apart (edition לגוד, frequently גדד, see Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 15, 8). Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 2, 18 לָגוֹר וכ׳ to saw off a part etc. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִגְרַרto be dragged, pulled. Eruvin 10, 11 נגר הנג׳ a bolt which is dragged along (with the door, i.e. attached and hanging down). the same place (ibid.) 101ᵃ, see above. Tanchuma Thazr. 9, see above. Betzah 2, 10 (23ᵇ) אינה נִגְרֶרֶת; Betzah אין נִגְרָרִין must not be dragged or pulled, and frequently to be scraped, planed. Bava Kamma 119ᵇ הנ׳ במגירה shavings, opposite נפסק במגירה chips.—Niddah 55ᵇ נִגְרָרִין דרך הפה (secretions of the nose) scraped (discharged) through the mouth (see גָּרַף). Pi'el פִּעֵל גֵּירַר, גֵּרַרto drag. Pesachim 4, 9 (56ᵃ) ג׳ עצמות וכ׳ he had the bones of his father carried out on a bed of ropes. Pesachim 1, 2 (9ᵃ); and frequently—Tosefta Shabbath 6 (7), 1 (a superstitious custom) המְגָרֶרֶת בנה וכ׳ variant reading (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) המגוררת) one who drags her son among the dead (to the cemetery). to scrape, plane. the same place (ibid.) 16 (17), 19 מְגָרְרָן he may scrape them (clean his feet of mud). Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 2, 17; Chullin 25ᵃ עתיד … לגָרֵר requiring planing for finish; and frequently—participle passive מְגוֹרָר a) scratched, full of scabs. Bereshith Rabbah section 64 (play on מגרר, Genesis 26, 26) ד"א מג׳ וכ׳ another explanation is m’gorar, for eruptions grew on him (with referring to Job 2, 8); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 111; see גָּרַר 2. b) planed. Tosefta Sotah 15, 1 מְגוֹרָרוֹת במגר׳ היו variant reading (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) היה מְגָרֵר) the stones were planed with a plane. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְגָּרֵרto be scraped. Tosefta Shabbath 16 (17), 19 אין מִתְגָּרְרִין במגוררת edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading מגרדין במגרדת, Shabbath 147ᵇ גוררין במגררת, Munich manuscript גודרין במגדירה, correct accordingly) one must not be scraped with a strigil. the same place (ibid.) 22, 6 (147ᵃ) מתגררין, Talmud edition (Mishnah מִתְגָּרְדִין, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim to 147ᵇ, note 70). ↗ original
גְּרַרto drag, pull, push.—participle passive גְּרִירdragged, following, guided by. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Exodus 14, 25 גְּרֵירַן וכ׳ (some edition גריד׳) pushed from behind.—Bava Kamma 18ᵇ בתר גופיה גְּרִירִין they are clinging to his body. Taanith 24ᵃ אנן בתרייהו גרירין Rashi (edition גררינן, read גְּרִירִינָן, Munich manuscript קאזלינן) we must be guided by their order. Avodah Zarah 72ᵇ all the wine in the barrel אגישתא … ג׳ moves towards the siphon. Bava Metzia 85ᵃ דג׳ עלמא וכ׳ that all the world followed David. to scratch, scrape. Targum Judges 8, 16, see גְּרַד.—Chullin 83ᵇ ולִיגְרְרֵיה ונכסי (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) גרד) let him scrape off the blood and cover it. the same place (ibid.) ונִגְרוֹר.—participle גָּרֵיר the same place (ibid.) to rub, to whet the appetite. Berachoth 35ᵇ כי היכי דנִגְרְרֵיה לליביה (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) everywhere גרד) in order to stimulate his appetite. the same place (ibid.) טובא גָרֵיר a large quantity has an appetizing effect. Pesachim 107ᵇ מִגְרַר גָּרֵיר. Shabbath 140ᵇ משום דג׳ because it stimulates the appetite. Pa'el פִּעֵל גָּרֵירto make appetizing. Esther Rabbah to 1, 9 [read:] אנא מְגָרֵיר וכ׳ I will make their drinks appetizing (induce them to get intoxicated, interpreting Jeremiah 51, 39; different interpretation or differently interpreted in commentary or commentaries).—2) to saw off. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 33, 20 דמְגָרֵר וכ׳ (or דמַגְרַר Af'el, edition דמִגְרַר, correct accordingly) for he cuts off the arm etc. (2 מַפְרַק). Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְגָּרַרto be dragged. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 60ᵈ large bags דארחיהון מִתְגָּרְרָה which are commonly dragged (not lifted). to stimulate, instigate one another. Targum Psalms 22, 8 מִתְגָּרְרִין (some edition מִתְגָּרְדִין, edition Lagarde edition מִתְגָּרִין, frequently גרי; Hebrew text יפטירו). ↗ original
*גָּרַר 2 (frequently a Polel of גּוּר; compare גָּלַל) to roll; compare גַּרְגַּר.—participle passive מְגוֹרָרwhirled, reeling. Bereshith Rabbah section 64 (play on מגרר, Genesis 26, 26) מג׳ … שנכנסו וכ׳ reeling (after a night revel) etc.; see גָּרַר I. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְגָּרֵר, , Hithpol. הִתְגּוֹרֵר (see Jeremiah 30, 23, compare 23, 19) to roll one’s self, especially (compare חָבַט 2, חָנַן, נָפַל Hithpa'el) to lie in contrition, asking forgiveness. Mechilta Beshallach, Vayassa 1, [read as in] Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 256 (referring to וישלך אל המים, Exodus 15, 25, as if meaning, ‘and he caused them to throw themselves down in contrition over their sin by the sea-side’). היו ישראל מתחננים ומִתְגָּרְרִים … כבן שהוא מתחנן לפני אביו וכתלמיד שמִתְגּוֹרֵר לפני רבו כך היו ישראל מתחננין ומִתְגּוֹרְרִין וכ׳ the Israelites prayed beseechingly and rolled themselves in contrition before etc. ↗ original
גְּרָרָא 1 (= Hebrew גֵּרָה 3, 2) cud. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 14, 6 and the following (some edition גְּרָדָא). ↗ original
גְּרָרָא 2 (גרר) that which is carried along; אגב ג׳ incidentally, occasionally. Bava Metzia 4ᵇ; Shevuoth 40ᵇ. [ scraping, see גִּירְדָּא I.] ↗ original
גררין , Betzah 24ᵇ top, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see נֶגֶר↗ original
גְּרָרִיקִי (a Greek formation frequently גְּרָר, 70 Γέραροι) Gerariké, the district of G’rar in Philistea. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 20, 1 (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) ; the same place (ibid.) 26, 1.—Bereshith Rabbah section 64 גרדיקי (correct accordingly); Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 6, 36ᶜ bottom of the page גרריקו (correct accordingly). ↗ original
גָּרַשׁ (Biblical Hebrew) to stir up, to set in commotion. Sifré Deuteronomy 39; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 859 יכול יהו מים גּוֹרְשִׁין את העפר ממקום בקעה וכ׳ you might suppose the (rain) water will stir up the (fat) ground of the valley, and thus the valley will lack (drinking) water. (compare טָרַד) to banish; to send off, divorce (a wife).—participle passive גָּרוּשׁ, feminine גְּרוּשָׁה which see Pi'el פִּעֵל גֵּירַשׁ, גֵּרַשׁto send off, banish. Bereshith Rabbah section 21.—Esp. to give a letter of divorce. Gittin 9, 1 הַמְּגָרֵשׁ וכ׳ if one divorces his wife and says, on handing her the letter, etc.; and very frequently—the same place (ibid.) 6, 5 if one says (to his delegates) … גָּרְשׁוּהָ ga’rshuha, they are authorized to write and deliver to her a letter of divorce (geresh being the colloquial term for divorcing). Pa'el פִּעֵל גּוּרָשׁto be banished, etc. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 19; 20 ג׳ ויצא וכ׳ he was banished and he left paradise.—Part. מְגוּרָשׁ, feminine מְגוּרֶשֶׁת. Gittin 7, 4 מג׳ ואינה מג׳ she is and is not divorced, i.e. her divorce is doubtful, and she has to suffer the disqualifications of a married and of a divorced woman. the same place (ibid.) 5; and very frequently Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְגָּרֵשׁ,Nithpa נִתְגָּרֵשׁ,to be banished; to be divorced. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 92. Gittin 65ᵃ מִתְגָּרֶשֶׁת בקידושי וכ׳ she is entitled to receive a letter of divorce for herself even though her father had contracted the marriage in her behalf; and very frequently [ to be stirred up, become muddy, thick. Midrash d’R. Akiba, Alef (Jellinek Beth Hammidrash 3, 13).] ↗ original
גְּרַשׁ 1Pa'elגָּרֵישׁ. Pesachim 110ᵇ דגָרְשָׁהּ לאיתתיה Munich manuscript (edition דגרשא, correct accordingly) who had divorced his wife. Berachoth 56ᵃ תרי נשי מְגָרְשׁת it will be thy destiny to divorce two wives. Arachin 23ᵃ דלִיגָרֵש לדביתהו that he should divorce etc. the same place (ibid.) אטו כל דמִגָרֵשׁ וכ׳ does every one who divorces his wife, give divorce in court?; and frequently Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִיגְּרַשׁ , infin. אִיגְּרוּשֵׁיto be divorced. Gittin 78ᵃ בת אי׳ in a fit condition to receive a letter of divorce. ↗ original
*גְּרַשׁ 2 (compare גררto drag) to hoist up. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᶜ top of the page Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, 35ᵇ top [read:] ואין עניית אתון גרשין לי and if I call, ye will hoist me up; (Koheleth Rabbah to 9, 10 שרר; Mattnoth Khunnah quotes גדש, see גְּדַשׁ 2). ↗ original
גֶּרֶשׂ see גָּרִיס) grits. Sifra Vayikra, N’dabah, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 14, Parah 13 אפשר יקלנו ג׳ I might think he must roast it after being pounded; Menachoth 66ᵇ ↗ original
גָּשׁוֹשׁ(גשש), ג׳ של ספינה probably framework of a ship (see גָּשִׁישׁ); commentary or commentaries: sounding pole. Shabbath 125ᵇ (Munich manuscript אגושש, Oxford manuscript גשיש; see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Contus). ↗ original
גָּשׁוֹשָׁא (see the preceding) one carrying the sounding pole in advance of the ship, sounder. plural גָּשׁוֹשֵׁי Shabbath 100ᵇ (Oxford manuscript גְּשׁוֹשָׁאֵי). one tracing treasures buried in the ground.—plural גְּשׁוֹשָׁאֵי. Bava Metzia 42ᵃ ↗ original
גָּשִׁישׁ (גּוּשׁ, גָּשַׁשׁ; formed like עָצִיץ) [ sounding apparatus, see גָּשׁוֹשׁ.] a frame on which the couch is spread (sponda). Zavim 3, 1; 3 ג׳ של מטה; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4, 4. the same place (ibid.) Mikvaoth 6 (7), 17 הג׳ החיצון the outer frame (of a double bed, sponda exterior, see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Lectus). Esther Rabbah to 1, 6.—plural גָּשִׁישִׁים, גָּשִׁישִׁין. Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 8, 3 הג׳ של קיטליזקי (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) קיטליאקי, read ס for א) the bed-frames of the little bed chambers (κοιτωνίσκοι—which are taken apart or placed against the wall in day time).—*Tosefta Mikvaoth 6, 8 ג׳ ע"ג השבר Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition קשקשים, Shabbath 53ᵃ קשישין) splints↗ original
גָּשַׁם see גּוּשׁ) to make the earth cloddy (see Ges. H. Dictionary10 under the word).—participle pass. גָּשׁוּםcloddy in consequence of ample rains. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 5, 42ᶜ top שנת גְּשׁוּמָה שחונה וכ׳ (supply (understood word) ארץ) a year in which the earth forms clods, then is parched so as to form scabs, and then moistened with dew; Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 53ᵇ שנת שחונה שנת ג׳ Munich manuscript (edition שנה ג׳ ושח׳, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note), explained אם שח׳ (היא) תהא ג׳ if it is to be parched, let it first be soaked with heavy rains; Vayikra Rabbah section 20; Tanchuma Aḥăré 3 (correct accordingly); edition Buber edition the same place (ibid.) 4. Hof. הֻפְעַל הוּגְשָׁם (denominative of גֶּשֶׁם) to be frought with rain, rain-bringing. Bava Bathra 25ᵇ since the destruction of the Temple לא הוּגְשְׁמָה וכ׳ the south wind has not been rain-bringing. ↗ original
גֶּשֶׁם 1the preceding) heavy, continuous rain. Taanith 3ᵇ לא אמר מוריד הַגָּ׳ if he failed to insert in the second benediction (see גְּבוּרָה) ‘Who sendeth rain’.—plural גְּשָׁמִים. Taanith 1, 1, and frequently גבורות ג׳, see גְּבוּרָה. the same place (ibid.) 2 שואלין את הג׳ we insert the petition for rain in the ninth benediction, see שַׁאֲלָה.—ימות הג׳ rainy season, autumn and winter. the same place (ibid.) 3ᵇ. Tohoroth 6, 7, see בִּקְעָה; and very frequently—שְׂדֵה גְ׳ (or supply (understood word) שדה) a field naturally watered by rain, opposite שלחין. Bechoroth 6, 3 של ג׳ from fields with natural irrigation; compare בַּעַל. [In later Hebr. literature גֶּשֶׁםsubstance, see next word]. ↗ original
גֶּשֶׁם 2 (גשם, see גּוּשְׁמָא) body, self. Daniel 4, 30.—plural גִּשְׁמַיָּא. Echah Rabbah to 1, 5 לא יהבין גִּשְׁמֵיהוֹן (Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 11 גרמיהון) they will not devote themselves to warfare. ↗ original
גְּשָׁמָה (see the preceding, compare גָּשִׁישׁ) frame, door-stop against which the door shuts. Eruvin 101ᵃ (explain. ‘a widowed door’) דלית לה ג׳ (Munich manuscript בשמא, a clerical error for כשמא, other variant reading גְּשָׁאמָא, כְּשָׁאמָא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note; גִּישְׁתְּמָא, reduplic. of גשם, compare גזוזטרא, see Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) under the word גשם) which does not shut against a frame. ↗ original
גָּשַׁר (see גשש) to join, especially to make a bridge. Avodah Zarah 2ᵇ הרבה גשרים גָּשַׁרְנוּ we have built numerous bridges. ↗ original
גְּשַׁר Bava Kamma 113ᵇ קטילי … וגַשְׁרֵי גִשְׁרֵי they (the government officials) fell trees (belonging to private persons) and build bridges. ↗ original
גֶּשֶׁר (the preceding) bridge, ferry. Eruvin 55ᵇ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 6 (5), 4 הקבר והג׳ וכ׳ graves and bridges (in the outskirts of towns) which have a place of shelter.—Bereshith Rabbah section 76, end עשה עצמו כג׳ וכ׳ Jacob constituted himself a ferry, taking persons from one shore and setting them down on the other (Mattnoth Khunnah כגַשָּׁר like a ferry-man).—plural גְּשָׁרִים, גְּשָׁרִין. Eruvin 5, 1. the same place (ibid.) 9, 4 ג׳ המפולשים bridges under which there is an open passage. Avodah Zarah 2ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original
גִּשְׁרָאboard, joist (compare כָּשׁוֹרָא).—plural גִּשְׁרִין. Targum Ezek. 27, 5 Levita (edition גִּשְׁרִיךְ, גִּשְׁרָךְ). bridge. Berachoth 59ᵇ he who sees the Euphrates אג׳ דבבל from the bridge (or ferry) of Babylon; and frequently—plural גִּשְׁרַיָּא, גִּשְׁרֵי, גִּיֹשְ׳. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Exodus 20, 26. Targum Nahum, Book of 2, 7 (Hebrew text שערי).—Bava Kamma 113ᵇ, see גְּשַׁר. Bava Bathra 73ᵇ.—[Shabbath 67ᵃ top וז׳ סיכי מז׳ גָּשׁוֹרֵי (Munich manuscript גשרי)—probably a variant reading of preceding וז׳ ציבי מז׳ כשורי, see כָּשׁוֹרָא.] ↗ original
גָּשַׁשׁ see גּוּשׁ) to touch a substance, to strike against. Challah 2, 2; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 58ᶜ top הספינה גוֹשֶׁשֶׁת the ship touches the ground (in harbor). Pi'el פִּעֵל גִּישֵּׁשׁto feel, grope. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 5, 42ᶜ היה מְגַשֵּׁשׁ וכ׳ entered groping etc. Pilp. גִּשְׁגֵּשׁ (compare קשקש, כשכש) to beat, ring. Vayikra Rabbah section 8 (referring to Judges 13, 25, compare פַּעֲמֹן) התחיל רוה"ק לגַשְׁגֵּשׁ וכ׳ the holy spirit began to ring in Samson. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְגַּשֵּׁשׁ, , Hithpol. הִתְגּוֹשֵׁשׁ, Hithpalp. הִתְגַּשְׁגֵּשׁ, Nithpa. נִתְגַּשֵּׁשׁto wrestle, fight. Bereshith Rabbah section 22; section 77; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 6. Shemoth Rabbah section 28, beginning to exercise one’s strength, practice. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana S’liḥother p. 166ᵃ גבור שהוא מִתְגּוֹשֵׁש וכ׳ a warrior practicing on a stone-cutter’s stone. ↗ original
גְּשַׁשׁPa'elגַּשֵּׁשׁsame, to feel, touch. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 27, 12; 22 (Hebrew text מוש). Gittin 67ᵇ bottom of the page גַּשְּׁשֵׁיה he (being blind) touched it (and felt the bone). ↗ original
גִּשְׁתָּא (the preceding) feeling, touch. Chullin 47ᵇ resembling wood בג׳ in touch. the same place (ibid.) 122ᵇ; Shabbath 107ᵇ ↗ original
גִּשְׁתָּא ² (the preceding; compare גָּשׁוֹשָׁא) sounding tube; ג׳ ובת ג׳ a large and small tube, i.e. a siphon. Avodah Zarah 72ᵇ אסיק חמרא בג׳ brought up wine through the siphon. the same place (ibid.) a gentile came and put his hand אג׳ on the large tube. the same place (ibid.) אג׳ … גריר, see גְּרַר. ↗ original
גַּת 1Gath in Philistea. Sanhedrin 102ᵃ; and elsewhere ↗ original
גַּת 2 , with suffix גִּתּ־, גִּיתּ־ (contracted of גֶּנֶת) a marked-off space. Tosefta Oholoth 15, 7 ‘the court of a burying place’ זו הגת … לתוכה (Rabbenu Shimshon to Oholoth 15, 8, edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) לתוכו, variant reading גל) is the marked space into which the caverns open.—Parah 4, 2 שרפה חוץ מגִּתָּהּ if he burnt the cow outside of the place selected for the purpose; Zevachim 14, 1; Tosefta Parah 3, 9 and the following—plural גִּתּוֹת, גִּיתּ׳. Parah the passage cited ↗ original
גַּת 3 , with suffix גִּתּ־, גִּיתּ־ (Biblical Hebrew; vat for wine pressing; (שעת)הג׳ the season of wine pressing. Avodah Zarah 5, 11 ג׳ של אבן a stone vat, של חרס an earthen. the same place (ibid.) 4, 8, see בָּעַט. Chagigah 3, 4 (24ᵇ) מניחה לג׳ הבאה he may reserve it for the next season (and give it to the priest). the same place (ibid.) 25ᵇ דבר שאין לו ג׳ something which has no special manufacturing season (e.g. date wine); and frequently—Echah Rabbah introduction 32 (play on מבליגֹיֹתֹיֹ, Jeremiah 8, 18) עשיתי לביתי גִּותִּי I made my house my vat (compare Lamentations 1, 15).—plural גִּיתּוֹת, גִּתּ׳.—בית הגי׳ the press room. Tosefta Terumoth 3, 7; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 41ᵇ bottom of the page בית הגיתי׳ (correct accordingly)—Tosefta the passage cited שתי ג׳ לבור וכ׳ two vats for one pit; and frequently ↗ original