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שָׁאַל (Biblical Hebrew) to ask, beg; to inquire, question. Yoma 75ᵃ bottom of the page בשר ששָׁאֲלוּ שלא וכ׳ flesh for which they asked unreasonably was given them at an unreasonable time (in the evening) etc. Taanith 4ᵃ, see הוֹגָן. Berachoth 5, 2 (33ᵃ) הגשמים וכ׳ (את) ושׁוֹאֲלִין (Babylonian edition ושְׁאֵלָה, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) and the prayer for rain is inserted in the Benediction of Years (the ninth section of the Prayer of Benedictions, see שָׁנָה). Taanith 1, 1 אף אני לא אמרתי לִשְׁאוֹל אלא להזכיר I also did not say, ‘to ask’ for rain, but to mention rain. the same place (ibid.) 2. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 5, 9ᵇ bottom of the page שׁוֹאֵל צרכיו, see צוֹרֶךְ. Bava Bathra 9, 1 יִשְׁאֲלוּ וכ׳, see פֶּתַח. Avoth 4, 18 ואל תִּשְׁאַל לו בשעת נדרו ask not thy neighbor (as to circumstances which may change the aspects of his vow) at the moment of his vow, see below Nif'al the same place (ibid.) 5, 7 שואל כענין ומשיב וכ׳ he (the wise student) asks pertinent questions, and (when asked) replies in agreement with the adopted law. Bechoroth 36ᵃ עמד השואל וש׳ יכ׳ the questioner (at college) arose and asked etc. Nedarim 20ᵃ שָׁאֲלוּ את וכ׳ they asked Imma Shalom etc. Niddah 68ᵇ בראשון לא שָׁאַלְתִּי … שלא שאלתי as to the first day I did not ask, and I made a mistake in not asking. Bereshith Rabbah section 68 מטרונה שָׁאֲלָה וכ׳ a Roman matron asked R. José etc.; and very frequently—Yoma 73ᵃ כיצד שׁוֹאֲלִין השואל פניו כלפי נִשְׁאָל הנשאל וכ׳ how were the Urim and Tummim consulted? The inquirer had his face directed to him (the priest) who was consulted, and the latter directed himself to the Divine Presence (the Urim and Tummim). the same place (ibid.) אין שואלין שני וכ׳ you must not ask two questions at a time; and frequently—ש׳ בשלום (or supply (understood word) בשלום) to salute. Moed Katan 21ᵇ הוא שואל בשלום אחרים … אחרים אין שואלין בשלומו וכ׳ he (the mourner during the first thirty days) may inquire after the peace of others, for they dwell in peace, but others must not inquire after his peace, for he does not dwell in peace. the same place (ibid.) משיב ואינו שואל, see שׁוּב; and frequently (compare דָּרַשׁ) to discuss, lecture. Tosefta Megillah 4 (3), 5 שואלין הילכות וכ׳ the laws of Passover are expounded on Passover etc., see עִנְיָן; Megillah 29ᵇ שואלין בהלכות וכ׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 1, 27ᵇ bottom of the page; Babylonian Pesachim 6ᵃ שואלין בהלכות וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition שואלין ודורשין, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note); Sanhedrin 12ᵇ; and frequently (compare בְּעֵי I) to beg to remark, to submit. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 1, beginning 45ᵈ ר׳ חזקיה ש׳ מעתה וכ׳ R. Ḥ. remarked, according to this etc. the same place (ibid.) 46ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 9, 27ᵃ bottom of the page; and frequently to ask for a loan, to borrow. Shabbath 23, 1 שואל אדם מחבירו וכ׳ a man may borrow of his neighbor vessels of wine or oil (on the Sabbath), but must not say הַלְוֵינִי (see below Hif'il); and frequently—Esp. to borrow an object for use (with referring to Exodus 22, 13 and the following). Bava Metzia 103ᵃ שואל אדם בטובו לעולם if a person borrows an object (saying, ‘lend it to me) for its usefulness’, it is a standing loan (he is permitted to take it whenever he desires to use it). the same place (ibid.) 8, 1 השואל את הפרה וש׳ בעליה עמה if a person borrows a cow for work, borrowing her owner with her (the owner lending his personal service). the same place (ibid.) 95ᵇ שָׁאֲלָהּ ואחר כך ש׳ וכ׳ if he borrowed the cow only, and after a while borrowed her owner; and frequently—שׁוֹאֵל the borrower of an object. the same place (ibid.) 95ᵃ חיובא דש׳ the responsibility of the borrower. the same place (ibid.) 96ᵇ top ש׳ הוי או שוכר הוי is he legally considered a borrower or a hirer? the same place (ibid.) 3, 2 והש׳ ישלם וכ׳ and the borrower must indemnify the hirer; and frequently—Shabbath 96ᵇ אורגי … לשׁוֹאֲלֵיהֶן (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) לשווליהן, see שְׁוַולְיָא) the curtain weavers were wont to throw the clue over to such as would borrow it from them.—participle passive שָׁאוּל; feminine שְׁאוּלָה etc. Taanith 23ᵇ טלית ש׳ היתה וכ׳ it was a cloak that had been lent to me, I had borrowed it for such a purpose (for ordinary wear), but not for that purpose (to wear it when carrying a load). the same place (ibid.) 4, 8 שבחן … בכלי לבן שְׁאוּלִין וכ׳ on those days the maidens of Zion went out (to the vineyards) in white garments borrowed for the purpose, in order not to put to shame those who had none; and frequently— [Bereshith Rabbah section 65 לא שאול … ולא שאולה, see next word—Bereshith Rabbah section 19 שאולת חומץ, read: שׁוֹאֶלֶת, a woman asking for some vinegar.] Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁאִיל to cause inquiry, to inquire. Berachoth 6ᵇ כל הרגיל … הקב"ה מַשְׁאִיל בו if one who comes regularly to synagogue fails to come one day, the Lord holds inquiry about him. Yevamoth 76ᵇ עד שאתה משאיל עליו … שְׁאַל וכ׳ instead of inquiring about him whether or not he is fit for government, ask whether etc. the same place (ibid.) (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) אאבוה קא משאיל he (Saul) asked (Abner) to inquire who his (David’s) father was. Bava Bathra 123ᵃ היתה יושבת … ומַשְׁאֶלֶת וכ׳ she sat at the cross-roads and made inquiries; and elsewhere to lend. Shabbath 148ᵃ (referring to Mishnah the same place (ibid.) 13, 1, see above) מאי שנא הַשְׁאִילֵינִי ומאי שנא הלויני what is the difference, whether you say hashileni (lend me) or halveni (loan me)? השאיליני לא אתי למיכתב וכ׳ when you say ‘lend me’, no document is expected to be written for it etc. Nedarim 4, 6 חמודר … לא יַשְׁאִילֶנּוּ ולא יִשְׁאַל ממנו he who by his neighbor’s vow is forbidden any benefit at his hand, must neither lend him nor borrow from him etc. Bava Metzia 116ᵃ דברים העשויין להַשְׁאִיל וכ׳ things which are frequently lent out or hired out; and frequently—מַשְׁאִיל the lender, owner of the lent object. the same place (ibid.) 96ᵃ; and frequently—[Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Vayhi, p. 63ᵃ שאילו השאיל, see שָׁחַל 2.] Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׁאַל to be asked, consulted. Yoma 73ᵃ בגדים … נ׳ בהן when the war chaplain is consulted, he wears the garments which the high priest wears when he officiates, see above. the same place (ibid.) 85ᵃ נִשְׁאֲלָח שאלה וכ׳ the following question was asked in their presence; Kiddushin 40ᵇ. Nedarim 81ᵃ דבר זה נ׳ לחכמים וכ׳ this problem was placed before the scholars and the prophets, and they could not solve it etc.; and frequently נ׳ על to allow one’s self to be asked about the circumstances of a case, to appear before a scholar for a decision on a ritual case. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, 46ᵃ bottom of the page שדעתו להִישָּׁאֵל עליה a case (of T’rumah) which he had intended to have a scholar decide. the same place (ibid.) הריני מניחה על מנת שאֶישָּׁאֵל עליה I put it (the doubtful T’rumah) aside with the intention of having it decided etc. Tohoroth 3, 6 שאין בו דעת להִשָּׁאֵל (a child) whose mind is not sufficiently developed to be questioned. the same place (ibid.) 5, 5 אם נִשְׁאֲלוּ זה וכ׳ if they come for a decision, each of them separately; and frequently—Esp. (על נדרו) נ׳ to come before a scholar for absolution from a vow. Nedarim 90ᵃ קונם … ולמי שאֶשָּׁאֵל עליו if one vows, I will not be benefited by N. N., nor by any scholar to whom I may apply for absolution from this vow; נ׳ על הראשון וכ׳ he must first apply for absolution from the first part of the vow, and then from the second. the same place (ibid.) נ׳ על נדרו … נזרו he must first apply for absolution from his vow of abstinence, and then from his nazaritic vow. the same place (ibid.) 69ᵃ נִשְׁאָלִין על ההקם וכ׳ you may apply for absolution in order to revoke your confirmation (of your daughter’s vow), but you cannot do so in order to revoke your invalidation; and frequently to be borrowed, to do gratuitous service. Bava Metzia 96ᵃ שותפין ששאלו ונ׳ לאחד מהן if partners borrow an animal for work, and its owner lends his services to one of them individually. the same place (ibid.) האומר לשלוחו צא והִשָּׁאֵל לי וכ׳ (not והשאיל) if a person says to his deputy, go out and do work in my behalf together with my cow (lent to my neighbor). the same place (ibid.) האומר לעבדו צא והשאל עם וכ׳ if he says to his slave, go out and do work etc.; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁאַל to ask, inquire, beginning Targum 2 Kings 3, 11. Targum I Kings 19, 4. Targum Job 31, 30 למִשְׁאַל manuscript (edition למִשְׁיַיל, למִשְׁיַל). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 1, 1 שַׁיְילְתוּן (edition Vienna edition שַׁיְילַתַּוּן, read: שַׁיַּילְתּוּן, Pa). Targum Psalms 137, 3; and frequently—ש׳ לשלם, ש׳ בשלם, see שְׁלָם.—Shabbath 20ᵇ; 21ᵃ שְׁאִילְתִּינְהוּ לכל וכ׳, see נָחוֹתָא. the same place (ibid.) 30ᵃ שׁאוּל שאילה זו וכ׳ they asked the following question etc., see עֵיל. Taanith 21ᵃ אי איכא דשָׁאֵיל לי וכ׳ if any one were to ask me a question from the Mishnah of etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 7, 37ᶜ top הא גברא מִישְׁאֲלִינֵיה אתא שַׁאֲלוּנֵיה וכ׳ (not מישאלינית) here is a man whom you night ask; he came, and they asked; and frequently—participle passive שְׁאִיל. Shabbath 30ᵇ ולענין שאילה דשְׁאִילְנָא קדמיכון and as to the question which I have been asked in your presence; [Rashi: דשָׁאֵילְנָא which I asked, a courteous phrase for ‘which you asked of me’]; and elsewhere to borrow. Targum Exodus 22, 13; and frequently—[Targum Onkelos the same place (ibid.) 12, 36, see below Af.]—Bava Metzia 97ᵃ ההוא גברא דש׳ וכ׳ a man borrowed a cat from his neighbor etc. the same place (ibid.) האי … למִישְׁאַל מידי וכ׳ if one wishes to borrow an object from his neighbor and be free from responsibility for an accident etc. the same place (ibid.) נימא ליה שְׁאֵיל וכ׳ let him (the lender) say to him, first take what you want to borrow, and then etc. Yevamoth 120ᵇ לא שָׁיְילֵי (not שיולי); Bava Metzia 27ᵇ לא שְׁאִילֵי, see סְקַב; and frequently—participle passive as ab. the same place (ibid.) 97ᵃ שאיל לן מר you (as teacher) are loaned to us, i.e. you are in our service, and if we borrow an object from you, we are not responsible, it being שאילה בבעלים, see שְׁאִילָה. the same place (ibid.) אתון שְׁאִילְתּוּן לי you are in my service. the same place (ibid.) איהו ש׳ להו … אינהו שְׁאִילוּ ליה וכ׳ he (the teacher) is in their (the scholar’s) service on the Kallah day (see כַּלָּה); they are in his on any other day; and elsewhere—Bereshith Rabbah section 65 לא שאיל הוא לה ולא שְׁאִילָה היא ליה (some edition שאול … שאולה) he is not loaned to her, nor she to him, i.e. the simile does not fit the application, nor the application the simile. Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁיֵּיל same, same, to ask, borrow etc. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 12, 35; and elsewhere—Betzah 19ᵃ אתא … לשַׁיּוּלֵי וכ׳ he came before the Rabbis to ask etc. Chullin 3ᵇ דליתיה קמן דלִישַׁיְּילֵיה when he is not before us so that we could ask him. Tamid 32ᵃ מְשַׁיַּילְנָא לכו I am asking you; and frequently to lend. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 12, 36.—Taanith 21ᵇ, see זְבִילָא. the same place (ibid.) דמחממת … ומְשַׁיְּילָא וכ׳ who heated her oven and let her neighbors use it; and frequently Af'el הִפְעִיל אַשְׁאֵיל, אוֹשֵׁל to lend. Targum Onkelos Exodus 12, 36 edition Berlin edition (edition Vienna edition שאילינון, correct accordingly); and elsewhere—Yevamoth the passage cited ולא מוֹשְׁלֵי, see נְחַשׁ I. Bava Metzia 116ᵃ דעביד לאוֹשׁוּלֵי וכ׳ which it is customary to lend and hire out; and elsewhere Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתָּאַל, Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׁתְּאֵיל, אִתְּשִׁיל (with (with מ־) to take leave of absence. Targum I Samuel 20, 6. (with ב־) to allow one’s self to be inquired of; to answer, issue an oracle. Targum Ezekiel 14, 3. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 24, 1. Targum Isaiah 65, 1. (with ל־) to bring a case up for decision, to ask. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 2, beginning 49ᶜ אִשְׁתָּאֲלִית לאילין וכ׳ I asked those of the house of etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 12, 13ᶜ bottom of the page, אִשְׁתַּאֲלַת לר׳ שמעון וכ׳ Rabbenu Shimshon b. L. was asked. the same place (ibid.) 6, 8ᵃ ואִיתְשְׁלַת לר׳ ומר וכ׳ when the case was brought before Rabbi, he said etc.; and frequently—Esp. to come before a scholar for absolution from a vow. Nedarim 90ᵃ אי בעי על נדרו איתשיל ברישא וכ׳ if he so desires, he may ask first for absolution from his vow of abstinence, or if he chooses, he may ask first for absolution from his nazaritic vow; the same place (ibid.) נִיתְּשִׁיל; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁאֵלָא , see שְׁאֵלְתָּא ↗ original

שְׁאֵלָה request, especially sh’elah, prayer for rain, inserted in the ninth section of the Prayer of Benedictions. Berachoth 5, 2 (33ᵃ), see שָׁאַל. Berachoth 26ᵇ; 29ᵃ טעה … ש׳ בברכת השנים (see Munich manuscript in Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) if by mistake … he omitted the prayer for rain in the ninth section; (Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 9 ולא שאל את הגשמים). Taanith 4ᵇ ש׳ לחוד והזכרה לחוד prayer for rain is one thing, and reference to rain (in the second section) is another thing, see הַזְכָּרָה. the same place (ibid.) 2ᵇ משעה שמפסיק לש׳ וכ׳ when you cease to insert the prayer for rain, you must also cease to insert the reference to rain; and frequently question, problem. Bava Kamma 116ᵃ זו ש׳ היא Manuscript Hamburg (edition וזו שאילה) this is indeed a question (worth asking); Zevachim 30ᵇ; 92ᵇ. Shabbath 31ᵃ ש׳ גדולה שאלת thou hast asked a great question; and frequently (see שָׁאַל, Nif'al) ritual question, especially case of absolution from a vow brought before a scholar. Bamidbar Rabbah section 11³ אם באת … על הדין ועל הש׳ וכ׳ when a woman comes to thee at college to ask concerning a law or a vow, consider her as if she were thy own daughter. Nedarim 60ᵃ צריך ש׳ לחכם this requires absolution by a scholar. the same place (ibid.) 69ᵃ יש ש׳ בהקם can absolution from confirmation be applied for? the same place (ibid.) 78ᵃ; Bava Bathra 120ᵇ יש ש׳ בהקדש absolution from consecration of an object may eventually be had; אין ש׳ וכ׳ is not admissible; and frequently—plural שְׁאֵלוֹת, שְׁאֵי׳. Bereshith Rabbah section 82; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 136 שלש ש׳ אני וכ׳ I shall ask you three questions; if you answer them, it is right etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 49, see עִרְבּוּב; and elsewhere שְׁאֵלָה or שַׁאֲלָה, loan, see שְׁאֵילָה. ↗ original

שְׁאֵלְתָּא Chaldaic (Aramaic) same, request, prayer, desire. Targum Judges 8, 24. Targum I Kings 2, 16 (edition Vilna edition שְׁאָלָא; edition Lagarde edition שאלה). Targum Numbers 11, 4 (Hebrew text תאוה). Targum Esther 5, 6; and frequently question, problem. Targum Jeremiah 12, 1 שְׁאֵילַת דינין (Hebrew text משפטים).—Shabbath 30ᵃ שאילתא Munich manuscript (edition שאילה); the same place (ibid.)ᵇ ולענין שאילה, see שְׁאֵל. proposition, remark, especially as heading of decisions in Sh’eltoth d’R. Aḥai, and in citations therefrom. Tanchuma Bereshith 2. Tanchuma Noah 4; and frequently—plural שְׁאֵלָתָא, שְׁאֵלָן, שְׁאֵי׳. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 8, 9.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 8, 56ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original

שַׁאֲמֵם , see שַׁעֲמֵם ↗ original

שאן , Targum I Samuel 19, 24 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see בִּרְשָׁן ↗ original

שְׁאָן (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a place Bethshean (Scythopolis), in Galilee. Chullin 6ᵇ והתיר רבי את ב׳ ש׳ כולה Rabbi permitted the entire territory of Bethshean (permitted its fruits to be eaten without tithes, it being considered foreign territory). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 2, 62ᶜ bottom of the page כלי פשתן … מב׳ ש׳ the finer linen garments that come from B.; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 7, 31ᶜ בית שָׁן; Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 18. Bereshith Rabbah section 98 תהום ב׳ ש׳ וכ׳ the district of B. is named Kinnereth; and frequently—5. בֵּישַׁן. ↗ original

שָׁאנִי , see שְׁנֵי ↗ original

שַׁאֲנָן שאן to rest) at ease, undisturbed. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 38 אז … בטח וש׳ וכ׳ then Jacob dwelt in Canaan safe and undisturbed; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 138 בטח ש׳ ושליו. rest, ease. Bereshith Rabbah section 10 end ומה … ש׳ ונחת שלוה והשקט and what was created therein after he rested? Ease, rest, peace, and repose. Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Joḥ. 1) זכורה אני בטחון וש׳ ושלוה שהייתי וכ׳ I remember the confidence and ease and contentment in which I used to dwell; and elsewhere ↗ original

שָׂאסָא , see סָאסָא ↗ original

שָׁאַף 1 (Biblical Hebrew) = שׁוּף 2, to tread, press. Vayikra Rabbah section 28, and elsewhere (referring to שאף, Job 5, 5), see דָּחַק. Tanchuma Mick. 2 (referring to Daniel 2, 2) אשפים לשון דחק שנ׳ השואפים וכ׳ the root in ashshafim signifies pressure, as we read (Amos 8, 4), ‘hear ye this, hashshoăfim (who press) the needy. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 51. כל מי … ושׁוֹאֵף ברגלו וכ׳ he who knows that he has sinned, but stamps with his foot and removes the sin from his sight etc.; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁאָף , to rub, see שׁוּף 2 Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original

שָׁאַף 2 (Biblical Hebrew) = שׁוּף I, to blow, pant, long for. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 119, 131 כמו (ש)התנינים שׁוֹאֲפִים לרוח כן הייתי שׁוֹאֵף לתורתך (not רוהך) as the monsters pant for wind, so do I pant (longing) for thy Law. ↗ original

שְׁאַף same. Targum Job 7, 2.—2) (compare שאב) to resorb. Shabbath 129ᵃ ואתא זיקא ושָׁאֵיף ליה מיניה and a hot wind may rise and suck it (the small quantity of blood left) out of him. Sanhedrin 64ᵃ דשאיף קליה Munich manuscript Rashi (edition דשייף), see שְׁאֵב.—[Shabbath 139ᵇ שאפו שיכרא, see שְׁפֵי 2.] ↗ original

שָׁאפֵי , see שְׁפֵי I ↗ original

שָׁאקָא , see שָׁקָא ↗ original

שָׁאַר (Biblical Hebrew) to swell, rise; to run over; (compare יָתַר, עָדַף) to remain over. Denom. מִשְׁאֶרֶת, שְׁאָר, שְׁאֵר etc. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׁאָר to be left over, reserved, preserved, spared. Bereshith Rabbah section 76 (referring to Genesis 32, 9) אלו אחינו … אע"פ שנִשְׁאֲרוּ לפליטה וכ׳ this refers to our brethren in the diaspora …; although they have been spared for escape (from Roman persecution), yet they fasted for us (Palestinians) etc. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 13 הנִשְׁאָרִים the survivors of the Messianic days; and elsewhere Pi'el פִּעֵל שֵׁיאֵר ,) שִׁיֵּיר to leave over, reserve. Bava Bathra 9, 6 שכיב … וש׳ וכ׳ if an ill person donated all his property to others and reserved some land for himself, his donation is valid (even if he recovers). the same place (ibid.) 148ᵃ דקל לאחד וש׳ פירותיו לפניו ש׳ מקום פירי if he donated a palm-tree (for the wood of it) to a person, and reserved its fruit for himself, he meant to reserve for himself the place whereon the fruit grows (the branches). the same place (ibid.) כל … בעין יפה מְשַׁיֵּיר whatever one reserves for one’s self, one reserves liberally; and very frequently—participle passive מְשׁוֹאָר, (מְשׁוּיָּיר). Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 7, 35ᵃ top לא עשה בה המש׳ כיוצא the law does not treat that which is left over (of the sacrifice) like that which has been carried outside of its limits. Peah 3, 3 נותּן מן המש׳ על מה ששייר he must give to the poor out of the remainder in proportion to that which he left over; נותן מן המש׳ על הכל he must give out of the remainder a quantity corresponding to the whole (including that which he has taken out before); and frequently Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁאִיר same. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 9 שלא להַשְׁאִיר זכר וכ׳ that he will not leave a remainder of the memory of Amalek; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 642 להשאר (correct accordingly); and elsewhere Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִשְׁתַּיֵּיר to be left over. Chullin 3, 1 ניטל … ולא נ׳ וכ׳ if the liver of a slaughtered animal is found consumed without any part of it left. Yoma 77ᵃ לא נִשְׁתַּיְירוּ משונאיהן וכ׳ no remnant or survivor would have been left of the enemies of Israel (euphem. for ‘of Israel’); and frequently ↗ original

שְׁאַר 1 Af'el הִפְעִיל אַשְׁאַר to leave over. Targum Onkelos Exodus 10, 12 (Yerushalmi (prefix) שייר). the same place (ibid.) 26 נַשְׁאַר edition Berlin edition (edition Vienna edition תִּשְׁתָּאַר Ithpaal); and frequently Pa'el פִּעֵל שָׁאֵר, שַׁיֵּיר, , שַׁיֵּר same. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 12, 10 (O. Af.). the same place (ibid.) 10, 12, see above; and frequently—Bava Kamma 15ᵃ תנא וש׳ מאי ש׳ דהאי ש׳ ש׳ וכ׳ the Mishnah states some cases, but leaves over (does not state all cases coming under the same category). But what else did it omit, so as to be justified in omitting this? It omitted a case when half the assessed fine is to be paid; Sukkah 54ᵃ; and frequently Pali. שַׁאֲרֵי, שְׁאָרֵי to leave over, spare. Targum Psalms 79, 11 variant reading edition Lagarde edition (edition Lagarde edition a. other שרי; Hebrew text הוֹתֵר). Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתָּאַר, אִשְׁתַּיֵּיר, Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׁתְּאַר to be left over, remain. Targum Genesis 7, 23. Targum Exodus 8, 5; and frequently—Bava Metzia 25ᵃ א׳ בה מידי some of it was left behind; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁאַר 2 Pa'el שָׁאֵר (denominative of מֵשָׁאר, see מֵישָׁרָא) to plant in beds. Bava Kamma 81ᵃ שַׁאֲרֵיה מֵשָׁארֵי לאדם וכ׳ (Munich manuscript שדיא משראי לשראי, read: משארי משארי; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) if he planted in beds, it shows that he planted it for human food; if not, it is intended for cattle. ↗ original

שְׁאֵר see שָׁאַר) [preservation, existence,] sustenance, alimentation; (supply (understood word) בשר) body, flesh; bodily contact, intimacy. Mechilta Mishpatim section 3 (referring to שארה, Exodus 21, 10) שְׁאֵרָהּ אלו מזונותיה וכ׳ sh’erah means her alimentation etc. (referring to Micah 3, 3, a. Psalms 78, 27); the same place (ibid.) (anoth. opinion) שארה כסותה כסות … לשְׁאֵרָהּ וכ׳ sh’erah k’suthah means, garments suited to her body (according to age and season) etc.; the same place (ibid.) (anoth. opinion) שארה זו דרך ארץ sh’erah means (intimacy) marital duty (referring to Leviticus 18, 6; 12; 13, compare Targum); Kethuboth 47ᵇ לפום שארה תן כסותה וכ׳ according to her body (age) give her garments …, according to the season give her etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, 30ᵇ top of the page Shabbath 137ᵇ חוק בשְׁאֵרוֹ, see חוֹק; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 14ᵃ bottom of the page בשְׁאֵירוֹ.—Transferred [flesh and blood,] relationship, relatives; race. the same place (ibid.) שְׁאֵירֵנוּ; Shabbath the passage cited שְׁאֵרֵינוּ, see יְדִידוּת. Vayikra Rabbah see 34 (explained עכר שארו, Proverbs 11, 17) זה שמגעת … את קרוביו וכ׳ that is he to whom joy (a festive occasion) happens, and who lets not his nearest relatives join him because they are poor; Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 947. Yevamoth 90ᵇ (referring to Leviticus 21, 2) שארו זו אשתו his flesh (sh’er), this means his wife (compare Genesis 2, 24); Sifra Emor beginning; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁאָר remainder, rest. Sotah 7, 7 ועל ש׳ התפלה (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition וש׳ תפילה) and a special benediction for the remaining (general) prayer; Babylonian edition 40ᵇ והש׳ תפלה and the remainder is a general prayer; the same place (ibid.) 41ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 7, end, 22ᵃ; Yoma 70ᵃ וש׳ התפלה רינה וכ׳ and the remaining prayer is song, supplication etc. Bava Metzia 3, 4 והש׳ יהא מונח וכ׳ and what is left must be deposited etc., see אֵלִיָּהוּ. Peah 4, 3; and frequently—5. שְׁיָ֫יר. ↗ original

שְׁאָר ² Targum Onkelos Genesis 45, 7 (Yerushalmi (prefix) שיורא; Hebrew text שארית). Targum Isaiah 10, 19, and the following Targum 2 Samuel 3, 8 (Hebrew text אשר?); and frequently—Targum 2 Chronicles 36, 20 (fem.).—Ruth Rabbah to 3, 3 והיא עבדא ש׳ (some edition שְׁאָרָהּ); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 604 שְׁיָרָהּ, see נְפֵי.—[שאריא, Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 321, see שְׁמָרָא.] ↗ original

שְׁאָרוּתָא (the preceding) = Hebrew מוֹתָר, pre-eminence; superiority. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 3, 19. ↗ original

שְׁאֵרִית the preceding words) remnant. Tanchuma edition Buber edition, Tol’doth 19 (referring to Micah 5, 6) אלו ש׳ שאמר וכ׳ this refers to the remnant (of the faithful) concerning whom the Lord said to Elijah etc. (I Kings 19, 18); Yalkut Shimoni Judges 62; Yalkut Shimoni Micah 553. ↗ original

שאשיתא , see אֲשָׁשִׁיתָא a. עֲשָׁשִׁיתָא. ↗ original

שְׂאֵת swelling, sore. Sifra Thazr., Nega'im, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 1. Nega'im 1, 1Nega'im 1, 1; and elsewhere ↗ original

שָׁאתֵי , see שְׁתֵי ↗ original

שֵׁב , imper. of יָשַׁב. ↗ original

שַׁב see = Hebrew שֶׁבַע, seven. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 29, 18; 20; 27; and elsewhere—Sanhedrin 29ᵃ. Pesachim 116ᵃ שב בנתיך thy seven daughters. Chullin 42ᵇ; and frequently—שֵׁבְסְרֵי, שֵׁבְסַר, שִׁ׳, שֶׁ׳ (= שב עסר) seventeen. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 7, 11. the same place (ibid.) 37, 2; and elsewhere—Bava Bathra 10ᵃ שֵׁיבְסַר דינרי seventeen Denars. Taanith 28ᵇ בש׳ בתמוז on the seventeenth day of Tammuz; and frequently—שְׁבִיסְרָאָה the seventeenth. Targum I Chronicles 24, 15. ↗ original

שַׁב ² (the preceding) = Hebrew שָׁבוּעַ. week. Targum 2 Esther 3, 7; and frequently—Shabbath 156ᵃ האי מאן דבחד בש׳ a person born on the first day of the week; בתרי בש׳ on Monday etc. Betzah 16ᵃ מחד שֵׁבָּיךְ לשבתך from thy first day of the week begin to set aside good things for thy Sabbath; and frequently the seventh day, the Sabbath; day of rest. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 5, 14 שב ונייח a day of rest and repose; Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 20, 10 שבא ונ׳. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 23, 32 שבא ונייחא; Targum Onkelos ש׳ שבתא (Hebrew text שבת שבתון); and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, 64ᵃ בשׁוּבָּה וכ׳, see נְיָיח. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 1, 16ᵈ bottom of the page כל לילי ש׳ every Sabbath night. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 5, 44ᵈ bottom of the page ערובת ש׳ Sabbath eve; בפוקי ש׳ at the exit of the Sabbath; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 69ᵃ bottom of the page כל ארובת שובאי (correct accordingly).—plural שַׁבִּין, שַׁבַּיָּא, שַׁבֵּי. Targum Isaiah 1, 13 (edition Vilna edition שַׁבְּאִין). Targum I Chronicles 23, 31; and frequently—Shabbath 119ᵃ יוסף מוקיר שבי Joseph, the honorer of the Sabbaths; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁבָא to capture, see שְׁבֵי. ↗ original

שְׁבָא ² (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun (the kingdom of) Sheba, in Arabia. Targum 2 Esther 1, 2; and elsewhere—Bava Bathra 15ᵇ, see מַלְכָּה. the same place (ibid.); Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 5, end, 20ᵈ בימי מלכת ש׳ היה (Job) lived in the days of the queen of Sheba; Bereshith Rabbah section 57; and elsewhere ↗ original

שַׁבָּאָה = next word—plural שַׁבָּאֵי, שַׁבּוֹיֵי. Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Joḥ. 1) Moses said to them ש׳ אי בחייכון אתון קטולי וכ׳ you captors, oh, by your own lives, (I adjure you,) do not commit merciless slaughter. Kethuboth 23ᵃ אוקמן לשַׁבּוֹיִינְהִי וכ׳ (Rashi לשבוייהי) they let their captors stand outside of the college etc. ↗ original

שַׁבַּאי (שָׁבָה) captor, guardsman of captives. Sanhedrin 104ᵃ, and the following Gittin 58ᵃ נתעלל בה ש׳ וכ׳ the captor abused her the whole night; Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 276. Tanchuma edition Buber edition Beshallach 4 נטל את השַׁבַּאיי וכ׳ he took (his son’s) captor and put him on the rack, Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 225; and elsewhere—plural שַׁבָּאִים, שַׁבְּאִין. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 18, 8 באו ש׳ ושבו וכ׳ captors came and led his son away; and elsewhere ↗ original

שָׁבַב , Pi'el שִׁיבֵּב (compare Arab. sabba a. deriv.) to chip, chisel. Koheleth Rabbah introduction ושִׁבְּבָהּ, see סָדַק.—Transferred to chastise, discipline. Sotah 12ᵃ (play on שובב I Chronicles 2, 18, as an Agadic surname of Caleb) ששי׳ את יצרו he trained his inclination; (Rashi: ששי׳ את עצמו, denominative of שׁוֹבָב, he turned himself away from the rest of the spies); Yalkut Shimoni Chronicles 1074 ששבב את יצרו; Shemoth Rabbah section 1 ששי׳ את עצמו. Shabbath 87ᵃ (play on וישב, Exodus 19, 8) דברים שמְשַׁבְּבִין דעתו של אדם words which chasten the mind of man (threats of punishment), opposite מושכין; (Rashi: things which repel the mind, see above). ↗ original

שֵׁבָבָא , see supply (understood word) שֵׁיב׳. ↗ original

שָׁבָה , see שבי ↗ original

שִׁבְהוֹר , שִׁבְהוֹרְתָּא, שִׁי׳ feminine (next word) splendor, glory. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 26, 19. Targum Psalms 8, 6. Targum Proverbs 2, 7 (edition Lagarde edition סבהיי, read: סבהור). Targum Psalms 96, 9 שִׁבְהוֹרַת construct state; and frequently—plural construct state שִׁבְהוֹרֵי, שִׁי׳. the same place (ibid.) 110, 3. Targum I Chronicles 16, 29. ↗ original

שַׁבְהַר (Shafel of בהר) to brighten, glorify. Targum Psalms 149, 4 manuscript (edition ישבחו, correct accordingly; Hebrew text יפאר). Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּבְהַר to be brightened. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Exodus 34, 29 (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 שבחו, edition Venice שברו, correct accordingly). Targum Job 26, 13. to glory, boast. Targum Proverbs 25, 6. the same place (ibid.) 14. the same place (ibid.) 27, 1. ↗ original

שְׁבוּאֵל (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Shebuel, proposed as a secondary substitute (כִּינּוּי כִּינּוּי) for שְׁבוּעָה. Nedarim 10ᵇ כינויי כינויין דשבועה היכי דמי ש׳ וכ׳ what are secondary substitutes for sh’bu‘ah? Like Sh’buel, Sh’buthiel, Sh’ḳuḳel; ש׳ ש׳ … משמע וכ׳ but could Sh’buel be used, as it may represent the proper noun Shebuel ben Gershom? Say Sh’bubel. ↗ original

שְׁבוּבְאֵל Sh’bubel, secondary substitute for שְׁבוּעָה, see the preceding ↗ original

שִׁבּוּחָא , see sub שִׁיבּ׳. ↗ original

שָׁבוּי , see שָׁבָה ↗ original

שַׁבּוֹיָא , see שַׁבָּאָה ↗ original

שְׁבוֹיָיתָא , see שִׁבְיְיתָא ↗ original

שִׁבּוּלָא , see sub שִׁיבּ׳. ↗ original

שָׁבוּעַ a period of seven days, week.—שְׁבוּעַ הַבֵּן, see בֵּן.—plural שָׁבוּעוֹת. Vayikra Rabbah section 28 שבע ש׳ שבין וכ׳ the seven weeks between Passover and the Feast of Weeks; and elsewhere “year-week”, a period of seven years, septennate (the jubilee being divided into seven septennates); also the seventh year, Sabbatical year. Sanhedrin 5, 1, see חֲקִירָה. Gittin 77ᵃ לאחר ש׳ שנה if a person says, ‘give my wife a letter of divorce (or to his wife, ‘be thou divorced’), if I do not come back after the septennate’, we must wait one year (after the Sabbatical year). Nedarim 8, 1 ש׳ זה אסור בכל הש׳ וכ׳ (not השבועה) if a person, during a Sabbatical year, vows abstinence, using the word ‘this shabu‘aʾ, he is bound the entire coming septennial period and the seventh year of the expiring Sabbatical period. the same place (ibid.) ש׳ אחד אסור וכ׳ but if he says, ‘one septennate’, he is bound from date to date, i.e. counting seven years from the day of the vow; and frequently—plural as ab. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 10, 17ᵃ top אי אפשר לשני ש׳ שלא חל וכ׳ it is not possible that during fourteen years the fourteenth day of Nisan should not occur on a Sabbath; Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 6, 33ᵃ bottom of the page לשני שביעית שיחול (correct accordingly). ↗ original

שָׁבוּעָא , week. Targum Onkelos Genesis 29, 27, and the following edition Berlin edition (other edition שְׁבוּעֲתָא; edition Venice עָתָא …). Targum Leviticus 23, 16. Targum Job 1, 4 דשבעתא manuscript (edition שַׁבְעָא). the same place (ibid.) 13 שבע׳ manuscript (edition שבוע׳); and elsewhere—plural שָׁבוּעִין, שָׁבוּעַיָּא, שָׁבוּעֵי; שְׁבוּעָן. Targum Deuteronomy 16, 9, and the following Targum Leviticus 23, 15; and elsewhere—Megillah Taanith Chaldaic (Aramaic) 1; Taanith 17ᵇ; Menachoth 65ᵃ חגא דש׳ the Feast of Weeks. the same place (ibid.) 66ᵃ מצוה למימני … ש׳ it is proper to count (the ‘Omer) by days and by weeks; Chagigah 17ᵇ; Rosh Hashanah 5ᵃ; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁבוּעָא feminine = next word Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 32, 40 (edition Vienna edition שְׁבוּעָה Hebrew form; Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 שְׁבוּעֲיָיא). Targum Psalms 10, 12. Targum Judges 21, 5; and elsewhere—Shevuoth 26ᵃ ש׳ דהכי אמר רב I take an oath on it that Rab said thus. the same place (ibid.) שְׁבוּעֲתֵיה דכיר ליה he remembers his oath. Bava Metzia 5ᵇ, and frequently חשיד אש׳, see גֵּו Chaldaic (Aramaic) Vayikra Rabbah section 29 (play on בחדש השביעי, Leviticus 23, 24) ר׳ … ירחא דשְׁבוּעֲתָה וכ׳ R. B. called it the month of the oath, for in it the Lord swore unto Abraham etc.; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Baḥod., p. 154ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁבוּעָה oath. Shevuoth 3, 1 ש׳ שאוכל וכ׳ if he says, I swear that I will eat, or, that I shall not eat etc. the same place (ibid.) 32ᵇ חזרה ש׳ למחוייב וכ׳ the oath goes back to (is thrown again on) him who is bound to make it. the same place (ibid.) כל המחוייב ש׳ וכ׳ whoever would, according to law, be bound to make oath, and is disqualified from doing so, must pay; and frequently—שְׁבוּעַת ביטוי, ש׳ שוא, ש׳ היסת, ש׳ הפקדון etc., see בִּיטוּי, שָׁוְא, הֶיסֵּת, פִּקָּדוֹן, etc.—שבועת הדיינין the oath imposed by the judges, legal oath. the same place (ibid.) 6, 1 Yerushalmi (prefix) a. Babylonian (Mishnah plural); and frequently—plural שְׁבוּעוֹת. the same place (ibid.) 1, 1 ש׳ שתים שהן ארבע the transgressions in cases of oaths are of two classes, subdivided into four. the same place (ibid.) 25ᵃ חומר בנדריס מבש׳ וכ׳ there are restrictions in vows which do not apply to oaths etc.; שהש׳ חלות וכ׳ inasmuch as oaths may refer to things unsubstantial as well as to things substantial; Tosefta Nedarim 1, 5; and frequently—Sh’buoth, name of a treatise, of the Order of N’ziḳin, of Misnah, Tosefta, Talmud Babli a. Y’rushalmi. ↗ original

שְׁבוּעֲיָיא , see שְׁבוּעָא ↗ original

שְׁבוּעַתָּא , see שָׁבוּעָא, שְׁבוּעָא. ↗ original

שְׁבוֹקָא , construct state שְׁבוֹק (שְׁבַק) remission (of taxes). Targum Esther 2, 18. ↗ original

שִׁבּוּקָא , see שִׁיבּוּקָא ↗ original

שְׁבוּקָה sh’buḳah, a substitute for שְׁבוּעָה (see כִּינּוּי). Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 1, 37ᵃ top of the page ↗ original

שָׁבוֹר Shabor (Sapor 1), king of Persia, friend of Samuel. Berachoth 56ᵃ.—Transferred a surname of Samuel, and of Raba as influential men. Bava Bathra 115ᵇ; Pesachim 54ᵃ אמינא מילתא דש׳ מלכא … ומנו שמואל I will say something which king Shabor could not say; and who is meant by that? Samuel; the same place (ibid.) ומנו רבא; Bava Bathra the passage cited רבה (Munich manuscript רבא); Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 774. ↗ original

שִׁבּוּר , see שִׁיבּוּר ↗ original

שבורה , Yerushalmi (prefix) Orlah 1, 60ᵈ bottom of the page, see שְׁבִירָה ↗ original

שִׁבּוּשׁ , see שִׁיבּוּשׁ ↗ original

שְׁבוּת (שָׁבַת) rest, abstention from secular occupation. Shabbath 89ᵃ כלום … שאתם צריכים ש׳ do you (angels) work, that you needed rest? [Sifra Emor Chaldaic (Aramaic) 13, Parah 11, and elsewhere ש׳ (אלא) שבתון, read: שְׁבוֹת, see שָׁבַת.]—Esp. sh’buth, an occupation, on the Sabbath and Festivals, forbidden by the Rabbis as being out of harmony with the celebration of the day. Betzah 5, 2 כל שחייבין עלין משום ש׳ וכ׳ all occupations which are forbidden as sh’buth … on the Sabbath, are also forbidden on the Holy Days; ואלו הן משום ש׳ וכ׳ and these are forbidden as sh’buth: you must not climb up a tree etc. the same place (ibid.) 37ᵃ ש׳ גרידתא a plain act forbidden as sh’buth; ש׳ דרשות an act of exercise of authority; ש׳ דמצוה an act of a religious nature. Pesachim 65ᵃ אין ש׳ במקדש the prohibition of acts as sh’buth does not apply to Temple functions; and very frequently ↗ original

שְׁבוּתְאֵל sh’buthel, sh’buthiel, a secondary substitute for שְׁבוּעָה. Nedarim 10ᵇ, see שְׁבוּאֵל. ↗ original

שְׁבוּתָה sh’buthah, a substitute for שְׁבוּעָה (see כִּינּוּי). Nedarim 1, 2; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 37ᵃ top ש׳ שביתה שמה (not שפותה) sh’buthah may have the meaning of rest (besides a disguise for שבועה). ↗ original

שַׁבְזֵז name of a jewel, sapphire. Targum Onkelos Exodus 28, 18 (manuscript 2 שבסיס); 39, 11 (Hebrew text ספיר). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 2, 10. Targum Ezekiel 28, 13. Targum Job 28, 6; 16. Targum Lamentations 4, 7.—plural שַׁבְזִיזִין. Targum Song of Songs 5, 14. ↗ original

שָׁבַח (Biblical Hebrew) [to grow, spread,] to improve, grow in value. Bava Bathra 135ᵇ שֶׁבַח ששָׁבְחוּ וכ׳ an improvement which the estate obtained of itself, i.e. a natural increase in value by growth. the same place (ibid.) 143ᵇ שבחו נכסים מחמת נכסים the estate improved through outlays made from the estate; שבחו … מחמת עצמן the estate improved owing to their (the heirs’) own expense of labor or money; and elsewhere Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁבִּיחַ to improve, ameliorate. Bava Metzia 14ᵇ גזל … והִשְׁבִּיחָהּ if one took unlawful possession of a field and sold it to another person who made improvements in it. Bava Bathra 124ᵇ שבח שהִשְׁבִּיתוּ יורשין וכ׳ an improvement which the heirs made after their father’s death. the same place (ibid.) 9, 3 השביחו לאמצע, see אֶמְצַע. the same place (ibid.) הִשְׁבִּיחָה לעצמה the increase of value which she produced goes to her own profit; and frequently (neut. verb) to improve, grow in value. Maʿǎser Sheni 2, 1; and elsewhere to get bright, see below. Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁבֵּחַ [ [to amplify,] to praise. Eruvin 19ᵃ ולא עוד אלא שמְשַׁבֵּחַ and not only (does he submit to God’s judgment in silence), but he even praises. Sukkah 27ᵇ, see עַצְלָן. Sotah 7, 8 ושִׁבְּחוּהוּ חכמים and the scholars praised him for it. Mechilta Bo, section 12 הודו ושִׁבְּחוּ וכ׳ they offered thanks and praise that the emeny did not see (their dead) etc. the same place (ibid.) צריך לשַׁבֵּחַ must offer praise; and frequently—participle passive מְשׁוּבָּח; feminine מְשׁוּבַּחת; plural מְשׁוּבָּחִין; מְשׁוּבָּחוֹת a) improved, valuable; b) praiseworthy. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 6, 43ᶜ top מש׳ בגופו a sacrifice superior as to its body (stouter), מש׳ במראיו better looking. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 1 המש׳ שבשירים the most precious of songs. Bamidbar Rabbah section 16³ (referring to Numbers 13, 22) שהפסולת שלה משובחת מן המש׳ (not משובח), see פְּסוֹלֶת; and frequently— to quiet, tame.—participle passive as ab. Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 729 כחו … ומה מש׳ how great is the strength of this lion, and how tame he is! Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתַּבֵּחַ to spread, (of light) get bright. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 22 ואחר כך היא מִשְׁתַּבַּחַת והולכת edition Buber edition (other edition מַשְׁבַּחַת Hif'il) and at last it grows bright and brighter; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 6, 10 מרטבת (correct accordingly). to be improved. Bereshith Rabbah section 34 כל זמן שהוא כותשה היא משתבחת the more he beats it (the flax), the better it grows; the same place (ibid.) section 32; the same place (ibid.) section 55 משת׳ והולכת; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 11 מַשְׁבַּחַת והולכת (Hif'il; edition Buber edition משבח והולך, read: מַשְׁבִּיחַ, or משובח); Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 95 משובחת; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 654 משב׳; and elsewhere to praise one’s self. Bechoroth 45ᵇ הקב"ה מִשְׁתַּבֵּחַ בבעלי קומה the Lord prides himself on conquering men of high stature. Shemoth Rabbah section 9 אותו רשע משתבח ואומר וכ׳ that wicked man (Pharaoh) prides himself and says, that he is a god; and elsewhere to be praised. Shemoth Rabbah section 41 הקב"ה יִשְׁתַּבַּח שמו ויתעלה זכרו the Holy One, blessed be he, praised be his name, and exalted his memory; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁבַח 1 to improve, rise in value; to make profit. Bava Bathra 140ᵃ ברשות יורשין שְׁבוּחַ they rose in value while in the possession of the heirs (and the benefit ought to be theirs). Bava Kamma 98ᵃ, see נִסְבָּא 2; and elsewhere to praise. participle passive שְׁבִיחַ; feminine שְׁבִיחָא praiseworthy. Gittin 80ᵇ ש׳ להו מילתא it is a matter of praise (an honor) to them (to mention the governor’s name in a document), opposite זילא. to spread, germinate, see שְׁוַוח I. Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁבַּח to praise, sing. Targum Exodus 15, 1. Targum Psalms 4, 1 לשַׁבָּחָא (Hebrew text למנצח); and frequently—[Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Exodus 34, 29; Targum Psalms 149, 4, see שַׁבְהַר.]—participle passive מְשַׁבַּח; feminine מְשַׁבַּחְתָּא; plural מְשַׁבְּחַיָּיא; מְשַׁבְּחַן. the same place (ibid.) 113, 3. Targum Ezekiel 26, 17. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 15, 10 מיא ממשבחייא, read: במיא מְשַׁבְּ׳ (Hebrew text אדירים).—Echah Rabbah to 3, 9 בכל … סליק ש׳ ונחת וכ׳ every Friday he went up (to Jerusalem), prayed (in the Temple), and went home and lighted the candles; Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 5, 57ᵃ top שבת (correct accordingly). Sanhedrin 42ᵃ אַשְׁבּוּחֵי מְשַׁבַּח נפשיה (or מַשְׁבַּח) does he proclaim his own praise? Megillah 25ᵇ האי … שרי לשַׁבּוּחֵיה ומאן דשֵׁבְּחֵיה וכ׳ it is permitted to praise him whose reputation is good, and blessings rest upon the head of him who praises him. Af'el הִפְעִיל אַשְׁבַּח same. Sanhedrin the passage cited, see above. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּבַּח to be praised, sung. Targum Psalms 78, 63; and elsewhere to praise one’s self. Targum Jeremiah 4, 2. the same place (ibid.) 49, 4; and frequently—Megillah 11ᵇ (referring to Ezra 1, 2) אִשְׁתַּבּוּחֵי … מִשְׁתַּבַּח בנפשיה it is he (Cyrus) only who thus glorifies himself (as the ruler of all empires). Berachoth 6ᵃ, see שְׁבָחָא; and elsewhere to speak with pride of, commend. Avodah Zarah 4ᵃ משתבח להו … ברב ספרא וכ׳ R. A. recommended RabSafra to the heretics (saying) that he is a great man. Berachoth 38ᵃ [read:] מִשְׁתַּבְּחִין ליה רבנן בבר וכ׳ (Munich manuscript משבחין, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) the Rabbis recommended the son of Rab Zabid … (saying) that he is a great man etc. Pesachim 50ᵇ אישתבוחי משתבח בה קרא the Scripture commends her for it. Niddah 14ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original

שֶׁבַח (the preceding) improvement, gain. Bava Kamma 95ᵇ שלשה שמין להן הש׳ ומעלין וכ׳ there are three persons for whose benefit the value of an improvement is assessed to be payable in money; they are: the share which the first-born has to pay to the plain heir, if the estate has increased in value before division etc. the same place (ibid.), and frequently ש׳ המגיע לכתפים, see כַּתָּף. the same place (ibid.) דמי צמרו ושְׁבָחוֹ the original value of his wool and its additional value (through dyeing). the same place (ibid.) 9, 4; Kethuboth 80ᵃ, see הוֹצָאָה. Bava Metzia 14ᵃ, see שִׁעְבּוּד. Pesachim 27ᵃ, and elsewhere יש ש׳ עצים בפת the bread contains the benefit derived from the wood used in baking bread, i.e. bread baked by a fire made of forbidden wood (e.g. an ăsherah) is forbidden; and frequently excellency, superiority, praise. Bamidbar Rabbah section 16¹³ לא במקום הש׳ וכ׳ they built the cities not on the best soil etc., opposite פְּסוֹלֶת. the same place (ibid.) להודיעך שְׁבָחָהּ של וכ׳ to let thee know the superiority of the land of Israel, see שָׁבַח. Eruvin 18ᵇ מקצת שבחו של אדם וכ׳ you may tell part of a man’s praise in his presence, but not all of it. Pesachim 10, 4 מתחיל בגנות ומסיים בש׳ you begin (the recitation of the Agadah on the Passover eve) with disgrace (telling of the slavery or idolatry of the ancestors), and close with praise. the same place (ibid.) 117ᵃ בעשרה מאמרות של ש׳ וכ׳ the Book of Psalms uses ten expressions of praise etc.; גדול … שכולל שם וש׳ the highest of all is Halleluiah, because it contains the Name of the Lord and praise. Kiddushin 33ᵇ (referring to Exodus 33, 8) וחד אמר לש׳ and one says, they looked after Moses with the purpose of praising him, see גְּנַאי; and frequently—Tosefta Megillah 4 (3), 39; Megillah 25ᵇ קורין אותו לש׳ are in reading changed for a more aesthetic expression, see גְּנַאי.—[Tanchuma Vaëra 9 ומראה שבחן, read: שַׁחֲצוֹ, see שַׁחַץ I.] ↗ original

שְׁבַח increase, amelioration, profit. Bava Metzia 15ᵃ אמליך וכתוב שופרא ש׳ ופירי (when thou writest a deed of sale of land) ask for the owner’s consent, and write that he guarantees the title with the best of his property, even to indemnity for improvement and for lost usufruct. the same place (ibid.) לוקח מגזלן לית ליה ש׳ he that buys land from an unlawful possessor (and has to restore it to the legitimate owner) cannot claim indemnity for improved value. the same place (ibid.)ᵇ; the same place (ibid.) 110ᵇ; Bava Kamma 96ᵃ הב לי … שיעור שְׁבָחָאִי give me a g’riva of land (out of my own land) corresponding to the value of the improvement I put in. Bava Bathra 124ᵇ ש׳ דאיתיה ברשותיה an increase in value which is in his (the heir’s) possession, opposite to מלוה an outstanding loan; and frequently—plural שְׁבָחִין, שְׁבָחֵי. Bava Metzia 15ᵃ ושְׁבָחֵיהוֹן, see עַמְלָא. praise. Targum Psalms 40, 4 (edition Vilna edition שֶׁבַח). Targum Psalms 145, 21 (some edition שַׁבָּחָא); and frequently—Sotah 42ᵇ לאודועי שְׁבָחֵיה דדוד to make known David’s praise (valor); and elsewhere—plural as ab. Berachoth 6ᵃ ומי משתבח קוב"ה בשְׁבָחַיְיהוּ דישראל does the Lord pride himself on the praises of Israel? the same place (ibid.) 33ᵇ סיימתינהו לכולהו ש׳ דמרך hast thou finally counted all the excellencies of thy Master?; and elsewhere ↗ original

שַׁבָּח (the preceding) singer.—*Targum Psalms 4, 1, and frequently לשַׁ׳ (Hebrew text למנצח), שְׁבַח I.—plural שַׁבָּחִין. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 1 end (explained שירות היכל, Amos 8, 3) שַׁבָּחוֹי דהיכלא (not שבחות) the singers of the Temple; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 980. ↗ original

שְׁבַחְתָּא = שְׁבָחָא, praise. Targum Psalms 33, 1 יאיא ש׳ manuscript (edition יאי, correct accordingly, or read שבחא). ↗ original

שָׁבַט (denominative of שׁבֶט, compare σπαθάω frequently σπάθη) to press the weaving rod, to make the web close (see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Tela). Tosefta Shabbath 8 (9), 2; Shabbath 75ᵇ; 97ᵇ השׁוֹבֵט, contradistinguished to דִּקְדֵּק. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 12, 13ᶜ bottom of the page, and elsewhere, see קָטַט. Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 92ᵇ … שנים … בכרכר ושׁוֹבְטִין if two persons take hold of the shuttle and press; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁבַט 1 (see the preceding) to strike with the rod, to beat. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 24, 20. ↗ original

שֵׁבֶט a. deriv.) rod, staff. Sanhedrin 5ᵃ (referring to Genesis 49, 10) הכא ש׳ והתם מחוקק here (in Babylonia) the rod (the Resh Galutha’s office), there the legislator (the Nasi); the same place (ibid.) אלו ראשי … בש׳ those are the Resh-Galuthas who chastise Israel with the rod; Horayoth 11ᵇ התם ש׳ וכ׳ there (in Babylonia) the rod etc.; and elsewhere—[Tanchuma B’midb. 16 הש׳ אינו מספיק, read: השָׂרָף.] (compare מַטֶּה) tribe. Tanchuma the passage cited למוד הוא הש׳ הזה וכ׳ this tribe (of Levi) is wont to be counted etc. Bamidbar Rabbah section 5, beginning (referring to Psalms 33, 18) זה שִׁבְטוֹ של לוי וכ׳ this means the tribe of Levi whose members sit hoping etc.; the same place (ibid.) אלו כ"ד … לש׳ לוי those are the twenty-four gifts assigned to the tribe of Levi. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 1, 40ᵈ top מפני גזל הש׳ because it is an injustice to the tribe (of Levi, giving them unnecessary trouble). Pesachim 80ᵃ ש׳ אחד איקרי קהל one tribe is called a community, see קָהָל; the same place (ibid.) אפי׳ ש׳ אחד טמא וכ׳ even if one tribe is unclean (and prevented from offering the Passover sacrifice) etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 7, 34ᶜ ש׳ אחד גורר וכ׳, see גָּרַר I; and very frequently—plural שְׁבָטִים. Bereshith Rabbah section 98; section 99 end, see יָחַד. Bava Bathra 117ᵇ דילמא לש׳ קאמר לה perhaps the text (Numbers 26, 55) means a distribution by tribes (as they were on entering the land)? Shabbath 146ᵃ יעקב הוליד י֞ב ש׳ וכ׳ Jacob begat twelve tribes (sons) in whom there was no blemish. the same place (ibid.) 147ᵇ עשרת הש׳ the ten tribes (the kingdom of Israel). Sanhedrin 10, 3 (110ᵇ) עשרת הש׳ אינן וכ׳ the ten tribes (carried into exile) are not destined to return; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁבַט rod, staff. Targum Proverbs 22, 8. the same place (ibid.) 10, 13 (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Levita שׁוּפְטָא). the same place (ibid.) 26, 3; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 4, 48ᵇ bottom of the page, see כַּרְכָּרָא. tribe. Targum I Chronicles 26, 32. Targum Numbers 1, 4; and frequently—Bava Bathra 115ᵇ גמירי … ש׳ there is a tradition that no tribe shall ever be extinct; and elsewhere—plural שִׁבְטִין, שִׁבְטַיָּא, שִׁי׳. Targum Numbers 1, 16. Targum Genesis 49, 28, and frequently ↗ original

שְׁבָט Assyr. šabaṭu) Shebat, the eleventh month of the Jewish calendar, of thirty days, beginning between the first and the thirtieth of January, and ending between the thirtieth of January and the twenty-eighth of February. Targum Zechariah 1, 7; and elsewhere—Rosh Hashanah 1, 1; and frequently ↗ original

שִׁבְטָא , see שְׁבַט 2 ↗ original

שַׁבְטוּטִין (diminut. of שֵׁבֶט) shoots. Bereshith Rabbah section 33 מש׳ שבארץ וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition משַׁבְשׁוּשִׁין) she (the dove) brought the olive-leaf from the young shoots of Palestine; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 59; Vayikra Rabbah section 31 משַׁבְשׁוּשֵׁי ארץ וכ׳; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 15 משַׁמְטוּטֵי; Yalkut Shimoni Ezekiel 362 משִׁבְשִׁין של וכ׳. ↗ original

שבי (Biblical Hebrew) to capture, carry off.—participle passive שָׁבוּי; feminine שְׁבוּיָה; plural שְׁבוּיִים, שְׁבוּיִם, שְׁבוּיִין; שְׁבוּיוֹת. Kethuboth 1, 2 הגיורת והש׳ וכ׳ a proselyte, a captive, and a slave, converted, redeemed, or freed at an age of less than three years and one day. the same place (ibid.) 4. Bava Bathra 8ᵃ bottom of the page; Chullin 7ᵃ, and elsewhere פדיון ש׳, see פִּדְיוֹן. Shekalim 2, 5 מותר שבויים לש׳ what is left over from a fund collected for the ransom of captives, must be reserved for the ransom of other captives; מותר שבוי לאותו ש׳ what is left over from a collection for a certain captive, belongs to that captive. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 47ᵃ top אין פודין ש׳ בש׳ you dare not redeem a captive by surrendering another captive. Kethuboth 51ᵇ בש׳ הקלו with regard to a woman redeemed from captivity the practice is more lenient (allowing her husband to live with her again). the same place (ibid.) שְׁבוּיֵי מלכות הרי הן כש׳ women forced by (Roman) officials come under the law of redeemed captives (are permitted to live with their husbands). Gittin 4, 6, see פָּדָה; and frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׁבָּה to be captured. Bava Metzia 39ᵃ שבוי שנ׳ מורידין וכ׳ if a person has been captured (banished), we appoint a relative to manage his property. Sanhedrin 104ᵃ שני בני אדם שנִשְׁבּוּ וכ׳ two persons were captured on Mount Carmel. Echah Rabbah to 1, 16 מעשה במרים … שנִשְׁבֵּית וכ׳ it came to pass that Miriam … was carried off (by the Romans), herself and her seven sons. Kethuboth 2, 5 נִשְׁבֵּתִי וטהורה אני I was a captive (among gentiles), but I remained pure; the same place (ibid.) 23ᵃ נִשְׁבֵּיתִי; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁבֵי Targum Numbers 21, 1. Targum I Chr 5, 21. Targum Psalms 106, 46. Targum 2 Chronicles 6, 36. Targum Isaiah 14, 2; and frequently—participle passive שָׁבֵי, plural שָׁבָן, שְׁבָן. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 32, 42 שָׁ׳ manuscript I (edition Berlin edition שְׁ׳; other edition שִׁבְיָן; Yerushalmi (prefix) שִׁיבִין; see שִׁבְיָא).—Berachoth 56ᵃ דאתו רומאי ושָׁבוּ לך that the Romans came and made thee captive, see שְׁחַר 4. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּבֵּי, Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׁתַּבֵי to be taken captive, be carried off. Targum Genesis 14, 14. Targum I Samuel 30, 3; and frequently—Bava Metzia 39ᵇ אִשְׁתַּבָּאִי איהי וכ׳ she was captured and one of her daughters. Kethuboth 23ᵃ אִישְׁתַּבְּיָין בנתיה וכ׳ the daughters of Mar Samuel were captured. Kethuboth 4, 8 אם תִּשְׁתַּבָּאִי וכ׳, see פְּרַק; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁבִי the preceding) captivity, prison. Horayoth 3, 7 האשה … מבית הש׳ a woman has the precedence of a man with regard to clothes and to relief from prison. ↗ original

שְׁבִי ² , captivity; (collect. noun) captives. Targum Onkelos Exodus 12, 29. Targum Isaiah 20, 4. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 21, 10. the same place (ibid.) 11 (edition Vienna edition שִׁבְיָה). Targum Isaiah 52, 2 שְׁבִיָא edition Vilna edition (edition Lagarde edition a. other שְׁבוּיֵי or שְׁבוֹיֵי); and frequently—plural שִׁבְיָין, שִׁבְיָן. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 32, 42, see שְׁבֵי.—5. שִׁבְיְיתָא. ↗ original

שָׁבֵי (the preceding) captor, marauder.—plural שָׁבְיָין. Targum 2 Chronicles 6, 36 שָׁבֵיהוֹן. Targum Isaiah 14, 2 (edition Vilna edition שׁוֹבֵיהוֹן).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, 46ᵃ ש׳ עלון לקרתא וכ׳ marauders invaded a town, and one of them etc. ↗ original

שִׁבְיָא , see שְׁבִי Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original

שְׁבִיבָא chip; ש׳ דנור spark.—plural שְׁבִיבִין. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 15, 17. ↗ original

שִׁבְיָה captivity, capture. Kiddushin 21ᵇ (referring to Deuteronomy 20, 11) בשעת ש׳ (if you see and desire her) בשעת ש׳ at the time of making captives; Sifré Deuteronomy 211. ↗ original

שִׁבְיָה ² Chaldaic (Aramaic), see שְׁבִי Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original

שביון , see שְׂגַבְיוֹן ↗ original

שְׁבִיחַ , see שְׁבַח I ↗ original

שְׁבִיט (see שְׁבַט) rod; ככבא דש׳ shooting star or comet. Berachoth 58ᵇ, see זֵיק. ↗ original

שִׁבְיְיתָא = Hebrew שִׁבְיָה, captivity; (collect. noun) captives; booty. Targum Psalms 68, 19. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 21, 10, and the following (edition Vienna edition שִׁבְיָ׳); the same place (ibid.) 13 (edition Vienna edition שִׁבְיָי׳). Targum Lamentations 1, 5; and frequently—plural שִׁבְיָיתָא, שִׁבְיָתָא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 31, 26 שִׁבְיָת (O. שַׁבְיוֹת; manuscript I שְׁבֻיוֹת; edition Berlin edition שָׁבְיָת).—Kiddushin 81ᵃ שְׁבוֹיָתָא; Kethuboth 23ᵃ שְׁבוֹיָיתָא captured women. ↗ original

שְׁבִיל , Shaf. of יָבַל) path. Peah 2, 1 ש׳ הרבים a public path through fields; ש׳ היחיד a private path, contradistinguished to דרך. Shemoth Rabbah section 25 ב"וד עושה לו ש׳ בדרך שמא … ש׳ בים a human being makes himself a path on trodden ground, can he make himself a path in the sea?; and frequently—plural שְׁבִילִים, שְׁבִילִין. Bava Kamma 81ᵃ ומהלכים בשְׁבִילֵי הרשות וכ׳ it is allowed to walk on private paths (through fields) until the second rainfall (see רְבִיעָה); Taanith 6ᵇ; Tosefta Shevi'ith 7, 18 ש׳ שבשדות. Vayikra Rabbah section 4 היו לפניו שני ש׳ וכ׳ if a person had before him two paths, one smooth etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 77ᵃ bottom of the page התורה הזו דומה לשני ש׳ וכ׳ the Torah is like two paths, the one of fire, the other of snow etc. Tanchuma T’rumah 8 (referring to Proverbs 5, 6) שְׁבִילֶיהָ של תורה וכ׳ the paths of the Torah and its sections; and elsewhere—Nazir 8ᵇ מנין שבילי שמיטה variant reading (see Rashi) as many as the field paths in the Sabbatical year (edition שבלי).—בִּשְׁבִיל on account of, for the sake of; because. Berachoth 58ᵃ בִּשְׁבִילִי for my sake. the same place (ibid.) בש׳ אשתו ובניו for his wife and children. Taanith 20ᵃ בִּשְׁבִילְךָ for thy sake. the same place (ibid.) 20ᵇ בִּשְׁבִילְכֶם for your sake. Shabbath 2, 4 בש׳ שתהא מנטפת in order that it may drip. the same place (ibid.) 5 בש׳ החולה שישן for the sake of a patient, that he may sleep. Sukkah 29ᵃ בש׳ ארבעה דברים for four reasons. Sotah 46ᵇ בש׳ שכנעני וכ׳ because this Canaanite showed the way with his finger. Bamidbar Rabbah section 3⁶ שלחה בש׳ וכ׳ she sent for R. J.; and very frequently ↗ original

שְׁבִילָא Targum Job 18, 10. Targum Psalms 119, 35; and elsewhere—plural שְׁבִילִין, שְׁבִילֵי. Targum Jeremiah 18, 15. Targum Proverbs 2, 9 (edition Vilna edition שִׁבְלֵי, correct accordingly). the same place (ibid.) 15. Targum Job 19, 8; and elsewhere—Berachoth 58ᵇ ש׳ דשמיא, see נְהַר I. Vayikra Rabbah section 17, beginning (referring to Psalms 84, 6) אלו דש׳ דאורייתא כבישין וכ׳ those in whose hearts the pathways of the Law are paved; and elsewhere—[Pesachim 35ᵃ שבילי תעלא, see שׁוּבְלָא.] ↗ original

שָׁבִיס band, especially (של סבכה) ש׳ metal (or woolen) band with which the hair-net is fastened. Tosefta Kelim Bava Bathra 5, 15 ש׳ של שבכה טמא וכ׳ a net-band is susceptible of uncleanness for itself, because one may (detach and) fit it for another net. the same place (ibid.) 16 ומשום חיבורי ש׳ וכ׳ but (gold foils and plates) used as fastenings of a hair-band are susceptible of uncleanness. Kelim 28, 10 ש׳ שלה the band of the net. Nega'im 11, 11. Sifra Sh’mini, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 7, Parah 8 שָׁבִיץ של סבכה; the same place (ibid.) Chaldaic (Aramaic) 11, Parah 10 שביס וכ׳ a woolen net-band. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᵇ bottom of the page (referring to שביסים, Isaiah 3, 18) braided bands (see סִלְבּוֹנַיָּא) כמה דאת אמר ש׳ של סבכה as you say, shabis of the hair-net. ↗ original

שְׁבִיסָא —plural שְׁבִיסַיָּא. Targum Isaiah 3, 18. ↗ original

שְׁבִיסְרָאָה , see שַׁב I ↗ original

שְׁבִיעָאָה = Hebrew שְׁבִיעִי, seventh. Targum Genesis 2, 2. Targum Jeremiah 41, 1. Targum Zechariah 8, 19; and frequently—Fem. שְׁבִיעֵיתָא, שְׁבִיעֵתָא, שְׁבִיעֲ׳. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 23, 16 (Yerushalmi (prefix) שביעאה). Targum Deuteronomy 15, 9 (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition Vienna edition שְׁבִיעָתָא). Targum Job 5, 19; and frequently ↗ original

שְׂבִיעָה (שָׂבֵעַ) being sated, satiation. Yoma 79ᵇ (referring to Deuteronomy 11, 15) אכילה שיש בה ש׳ וכ׳ (to say the benediction after meal requires) food enough to satisfy the appetite, which is the size of an egg. Pesikta Rabbati section 16 (referring to Numbers 28, 7) לשון רויה לשון ש׳ וכ׳ expressing fill, satiation etc., see רְוִיָּה; Tanchuma Pinḥ. 12; Bamidbar Rabbah section 21¹⁷; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 4, 54ᵈ top שיבעה (correct accordingly). ↗ original

שְׁבִיעִי seventh. Sukkah 5, 6 בש׳ on the seventh day of Succoth. Vayikra Rabbah section 29 ש׳ חביב the seventh thing is most precious; and frequently—plural שְׁבִיעִין. the same place (ibid.) כל הש׳ וכ׳ all seventh things are precious.—Fem. שְׁבִיעִית the same place (ibid.); and frequently—Esp. the seventh year, Sabbatical year. Shevi'ith 1, 1 ערב ש׳ the year preceding the Sabbatical year; the same place (ibid.) 4 מוצאי ש׳, see מוֹצָא 3. Sanhedrin 3, 3 סוחרי ש׳ traders in fruits of the Sabbatical year; and very frequently—plural שְׁבִיעִיּוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 21ᵃ bottom of the page שתי ש׳ we must wait for two Sabbatical years before reinstating the trader in Sabbatical fruits in his civic rights; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 7, 37ᵈ bottom of the page (not שני).—Sh’biʿith, name of a treatise, of the Order of Z’raʿim, of Mishnah, Tosefta, and Talmud Y’rushalmi. ↗ original

שְׁבִיעֵיתָא , see שְׁבִיעָאָה ↗ original

שָׁבִיץ , see שָׁבִיס ↗ original

שְׁבִיק (שְׁבַק; see שִׁבְקָא I) abandoned; spontaneous growth. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 25, 5 כתי ש׳ (Hebrew text ספיח).—plural שְׁבִיקִין, see שִׁיבּוּקָא. ↗ original

שְׁבִיקוּתָא (שְׁבַק) remission, forgiveness. Targum Psalms 130, 4 (Hebrew text סליחה). ↗ original

שְׁבִירָא , see שַׁבְרָא ↗ original

שְׁבִירָה (שָׁבַר) breaking. Yerushalmi (prefix) Orlah 1, 60 bottom of the page (not שבורה), see נְפִיצָה.—שְׁבִירַת עצם breaking a bone of the Passover sacrifice. Pesachim 7, 12; the same place (ibid.) 70ᵃ; and frequently, see עֶצֶם. ↗ original

שַׁבֵּישׁ , see שְׁבַשׁ ↗ original

שְׁבִישָׁא , see שְׁבִשְׁתָּא ↗ original

שְׁבִיתָה (שָׁבַת) resting, making a day station especially over the Sabbath. Maasroth 2, 3 עד שהוא מגיע למקום הש׳ until he reaches a place where he intends to rest, contradistinguished to לינה night lodging. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 49ᵈ top, see לִינָה.—Esp. appointing a place to be the centre of Sabbath movements, Sabbath camp (from which one is allowed to walk two thousand cubits in every direction). Eruvin 4, 7 מי שבא … שְׁבִיתָתִי תחתיו if one is on the road (on Friday) at nightfall, and recognizing a tree or a fence (at a distance) says, my Sabbath rest be under it; שביתתי בעיקרו my Sabbath camp be at its root. the same place (ibid.) 8 שביתתי במקומי my Sabbath centre be where I am now. the same place (ibid.) 45ᵇ חפצי הפקר קונין ש׳ objects which have no owner acquire a Sabbath centre of their own (and he who finds them has to be guided in carrying them by the place where he found them). the same place (ibid.) חפצי הנכרי אינן קונין ש׳ objects belonging to a gentile have no Sabbath centre, i.e. if they come from outside on the Holy Day, the recipient may carry them the distances which he himself is permitted to walk; and frequently observing the Sabbath, abstention from labor. Shabbath 16, 6 (121ᵃ) מפני שאין שְׁבִיתָתוֹ עליך Yerushalmi (prefix) edition (Mishnah a. Babylonian edition עליהן, Munich manuscript עלינו) because his (the gentile’s) Sabbath rest is no concern of thine (of theirs, the Jews’ for whom he acts; of ours); the same place (ibid.) מפני ששביתתו עליך because his (the minor’s) observance of the Sabbath is thy (their, our) concern. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, 7ᵇ bottom of the page שהוא מצוה על שְׁבִיתַת בהמתו כמוהו for man is commanded to let his cattle rest as well as himself. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 3, 21ᵃ אינו יכול להביאו דרך ש׳ he cannot bring it home in a manner consistent with the observance of the Sabbath; and frequently = שְׁבוּת an act forbidden on the Sabbath by rabbinical law, but permissible in the Temple.—plural שְׁבִיתוֹת. the same place (ibid.) 10, end, 26ᵈ (referring to Mishnah the same place (ibid.) 10, 11—15) משביתה אחת למדו ש׳ הרבה from the permissibility of one act, we learn the permissibility of many more, see צַבְתָּא. ↗ original

שְׂבָכָה , see סְבָכָה ↗ original

שִׁבְלָא , see שׁוֹבַל ↗ original

שַׁבְּלוּל (שבל to drag along, compare Biblical Hebrew שֹׁבֶל; compare שִׁלְשׁוּל 3) snail without the shell. Shabbath 77ᵇ, see כָּתִית; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᶜ bottom of the page (edition Krot. שכלון, edition Venice שבלון, correct accordingly), see חָזִית. ↗ original

שַׁבְלוּלָה , see next word ↗ original

שַׁבְּלוּלְיָה (preceding article) a species of mollusks, slug. Yerushalmi (prefix) Niddah 3, 50ᵈ אילין נשייא דאמרן ש׳ דכר שבלולה נוקבא וכ׳ (edition Krot. שכ׳, correct accordingly) we do not rely on those women who say that if the placenta resembles (in substance and color) a shabb’luliah, it indicates a male fœtus, if a shabb’lul, a female. ↗ original

שַׁבְלוּלִיתָא (Shaf. of בלל; compare תֶּבֶל, תַּבְלִין) fenugreek. Shabbath 110ᵇ Munich manuscript (edition שַׁבְלִילְתָּא). Menachoth 42ᵇ מיא דש׳ Munich manuscript (edition דשבלילתא) juice of fenugreek. Gittin 69ᵃ ש׳ Rashi (edition שׁוּבְלִילְתָּא). Avodah Zarah 38ᵇ שבלילתא. ↗ original

שבלון , see שַׁבְּלוּל ↗ original

שִׁבְלֵי ), see שִׁיבְלֵי ↗ original

שַׁבְלִילְתָּא , see שַׁבְלוּלִיתָא ↗ original

שִׁבֹּלֶת , see שִׁיבּוֹלֶת ↗ original

שֻׁבַּלְתָּא , see שׁוּבַּלְתָּא ↗ original

שבן , Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 39ᵈ top שבנית some edition, see שְׁכַן ↗ original

שֶׁבְנָא (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Shebna, officer in high position in King Hezekiah’s court. Vayikra Rabbah section 5. Sanhedrin 26ᵇ ש׳ בעל הנאה היה Shebna was a sensual man; and elsewhere a brother of Hillel. Sotah 21ᵃ, see עִסְקָא ↗ original

שבניה , see שְׁכַנְיָה 2 ↗ original

שַׁבְסֵיס , see שַׁבְזֵיז ↗ original

שֵׁבְסַר seventeen, see שׁב I. ↗ original

שֶׁבַע (Biblical Hebrew) seven. Sanhedrin 5, 1, see חֲקִירָה. the same place (ibid.) 3 בש׳ (sub שעות) at seven hours of the day. Avoth 5, 7. Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Joshua 2) ש׳ מש׳ seven times seven; and very frequently—בנות ש׳, ברת ש׳, see בַּת I a. בְּרַת I.—Esp. שִׁבְעָה (supply (understood word) ימים) Shib ah, the seven days of mourning for a near relative. Moed Katan 20ᵃ, see שְׁלֹשָׁה; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 82ᶜ; see שָׁמַר.—plural שִׁבְעִים seventy. Sanhedrin 5, 5 עד ש׳ ואחד (add to the members of the court,) until they number seventy-one. Avodah Zarah 11ᵇ אחת לש׳ שנה once every seventy years; and very frequently ↗ original

שְׁבַע Targum Genesis 5, 7. the same place (ibid.) 4, 24 (O. edition Vienna edition שִׁבְעָה). the same place (ibid.) 29, 27. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 11, 26 שׁוֹבְעָתֵי; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 4, beginning 29ᵃ חמש שורין מן שו׳ שו׳ five rows of seven trees each. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, 3ᶜ bottom of the page אלו שגזרו … שובעה אינון those laws which they decreed by majority of votes, were seven; and frequently—plural שַׁבְעִין, שִׁבְ׳, שׁוּבְ׳ seventy. Targum Genesis 5, 12; and frequently ↗ original

שָׁבַע , Nif'al נִשְׁבַּע (Biblical Hebrew) to be sworn, to swear. Shevuoth 3, 6 נ׳ לבטל וכ׳ if a person swears that he will omit to perform a commandment. the same place (ibid.) 6, 4 אין נִשְׁבָּעִין על וכ׳ no oath is imposed in refutation of a claim of a deaf and mute, or of an insane person, or of a minor, nor do we administer an oath to a (claimant) minor, אבל נשבעין לקטן וכ׳ but you must make oath when suing a minor or the sacred treasury. the same place (ibid.) 7 ומי נ׳ מי … שמא יִשָּׁבַע זה וכ׳ which of them is first admitted to an oath? He with whom the (lost) pledge was deposited, lest this one (the debtor) swear (to the value of the pledge), and the other produce the pledge (and prove him a perjurer). the same place (ibid.) 7, 1 כל הנשבעין שבתורה נשבעין וכ׳ all those bound to swear according to Biblical law swear and are free from payment, but the following swear and receive (are awarded their claim). the same place (ibid.) 32ᵇ ואינו יכול לִישָּׁבֵעַ, see שְׁבוּעָה; and frequently Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁבִּיעַ to adjure; to impose, administer an oath. the same place (ibid.) 4, 3 אמרו אין אנו … מַשְׁבִּיעַ אני עליכם וכ׳ if they say, we know no testimony in thy case, (and he says,) I adjure you, and they say, Amen: they are guilty (if they could testify). the same place (ibid.) ה׳ עליהן … חוץ וכ׳ if he adjured them five times out of court, and coming before court they confess (that they know testimony), they are acquitted. the same place (ibid.) 8, 2 מַשְׁבִּיעֲךָ אני וכ׳ I adjure thee, and he says, Amen. the same place (ibid.) 29ᵃ; 39ᵃ, and elsewhere וכשמַשְׁבִּיעִין אותו … אנו משביעין אותך וכ׳ and when the court administers an oath to him, they say to him, know that we cause thee to swear not in thy sense, but in the sense of God and in the sense of the court; and frequently—participle passive מוּשְׁבָּע; plural מוּשְׁבָּעִין. the same place (ibid.) 31ᵃ מ׳ מפי עצמו one who is sworn on his own demand (in his own case); מ׳ מפי אחרים one who is sworn on other people’s demands (as a supposed witness that claims ignorance). the same place (ibid.) 3, 6 הרשות שאינו מ׳ עליה מהר סיני a religiously indifferent act, on which he is not sworn from Mount Sinai; מצוה שהוא מ׳ וכ׳ a religious act on which he is sworn etc. the same place (ibid.) 21ᵇ; 22ᵇ, see סִינַי; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁבַע 2 Ithpaal אִשְׁתַּבַּע, Ithpeel אִשְׁתְּבַע, אִישְּׁבַע as the preceding Nif'al Targum Leviticus 5, 22; 24. Targum Jeremiah 5, 2; and frequently— Shevuoth 29ᵃ ודילמא … וכי קא מִשְׁתַּבַּע אדעתא דיריה א׳ perhaps that man saw a huge bird and called it gamla (camel), and when he swore (that he saw a camel fly in the air), he swore in his sense. the same place (ibid.) דכי קא משתבע … קא משתבע so that when he swears (that he has paid the money), he swears to the truth in his sense (having given him tokens, see אִיסְקוּנְדְּרֵי). the same place (ibid.) 32ᵇ אי … הוה מִשְׁתַּבַּעְנָא וכ if thou hadst come and testified for me, I should have been assigned an oath and received my claim; מי יימר דמִשְׁתַּבְּעַת who can say that thou wouldst have made oath? the same place (ibid.) לִישְׁתַּבַּע shall he be admitted to an oath? the same place (ibid.) 26ᵃ ואנא בשיקרא אִישְׁתַּבְּעִי and have I sworn falsely?; and frequently Af'el הִפְעִיל אַשְׁבַּע as the preceding Hif'il Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Exodus 13, 19 [read:] מִשְׁבָּע אַשְׁבַּע. Targum Song of Songs 2, 7. Targum Song of Songs 2, 4; and elsewhere—Shevuoth 36ᵃ אַשְׁבְּעִינְהוּ ולייטינהו he made them swear, and also pronounced a curse upon them. the same place (ibid.) 41ᵃ לא מַשְׁבְּעִינָן ליה we do not put him to an oath; and frequently ↗ original

שָׂבֵעַ 1 next word) sated, filled, satisfied. Gittin 56ᵃ יוצא כשהוא ש׳, see רָעֵב I. Vayikra Rabbah section 34 לשְׂבֵעוֹ וכ׳, see רָעֵב I; and frequently—plural שְׂבֵעִים, שְׂבֵעִין, שְׂבֵי׳. Joma 74ᵇ סומין … ואינו ש׳ blind persons eat and are not satisfied. Taanith 10ᵇ אל תראו עצמיכם בפני בני עשו … כאילו אתם ש׳ Munich manuscript (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) make no show of your plenty before the sons of Esau or of Ishmael, lest they envy you; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 148; and elsewhere—Fem. שְׂבֵעָה, שְׂבֵי׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, 42ᶜ top the Lord allows the righteous in this world to see their (future) reward, ונפשם ש׳ וכ׳ and they feel satisfied and go to sleep; and elsewhere—plural שְׂבֵעוֹת, שְׂבֵי׳. Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 13 (referring to I Samuel 9, 12, and the following) וכל האורך הזה … ולא היו ש׳ ממנו why this lengthy speech? It intimates that they looked at the beauty of Saul and could not see enough of it; and elsewhere ↗ original

שָׂבֵעַ 2 to be filled, to have plenty, be satisfied. Shabbath 113ᵇ (referring to Ruth 2, 14) ותאכל בעולם הזה ותִשְׂבַּע וכ׳ she (Israel) will eat in this world, will have plenty in the Messianic days, and leave over for the hereafter. Sukkah 52ᵇ, see רָעֵב 2; and elsewhere Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׂבִּיעַ to satisfy. Bereshith Rabbah section 76, end כדי להַשְׂבִּיעַ עיניו וכ׳ in order to satisfy the eyes of the wicked man. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 5, 30ᵇ הִשְׂבִּיעָתוֹ; Sukkah the passage cited מַשְׂבִּיעוֹ, see רָעֵב 2. Sanhedrin 100ᵃ; and frequently—the same place (ibid.) 29ᵇ אדם עשוי שלא להשביע את עצמו man is wont not to declare himself wealthy (to disclaim wealth, by saying that he is in debt, even if he is not); כשם שאדם … שלא להשביע את בניו as man is wont to disclaim wealth for himself, so is he likely to disclaim it for his heirs (therefore an ante-mortem confession of indebtedness does not establish a claim against heirs). Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׂבֵּעַ same.—participle passive מְשׂוּבָּע. Vayikra Rabbah section 29 (play on השביעי, Leviticus 23, 24) שהוא מש׳ בכל וכ׳ a month which is plentiful in every thing etc. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׂתַּבֵּעַ to be satiated, sick. Bamidbar Rabbah section 14 עתיד להִשְׂתַּבּעַ, see סִיג I. ↗ original

שְׂבַע , to be satisfied, saturated. Targum Onkelos Exodus 16, 8 למִיסְבַּע edition Berlin edition (edition Amsterdam edition למִישְׂ׳); Yerushalmi (prefix) למִשְׂבּוֹעַ. Targum Psalms 104, 16 (manuscript ס׳); and frequently—participle שְׂבִיעַ, שְׂבַע, סְ׳; feminine שָׂבְעָא, סָ׳. Targum Proverbs 30, 22 דשביע edition Lagarde edition (manuscript דסביע; edition Vilna edition דיִשְׂבַּע). Targum Job 42, 17. Targum Genesis 25, 8. Targum Proverbs 27, 7; and frequently—Pesikta Rabbati section 16; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Eth Korb., p. 57ᵇ, and elsewhere, see רְוֵי; and elsewhere Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׂבַּע, סַ׳ ; Af'el אַשְׂבַּע, אַסְ׳ to satisfy. Targum Psalms 90, 14. the same place (ibid.) 107, 9; and frequently—Taanith 24ᵃ רחמנא לִישַׂבְּעָךְ … דאַשְׂבְּעָן ברך the Lord satisfy thee, as thy son has satisfied us. Yoma 79ᵇ שַׂבּוּעֵי מְשַׂבְּעא is enough to satisfy the appetite. Gittin 70ᵃ תמרי מְשַׂבְּעַן וכ׳ dates satisfy, heat etc.; Kethuboth 10ᵇ; and elsewhere *. אִסְתַּבַּע (compare צָבָה) to be swollen. Esther Rabbah to 3, 14 א׳ קרסוליה (omitted in Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 1056) his ankle was swollen. ↗ original

שָׂבָע , see שׂוֹבַע, שׂוֹבְעָא, a. סִבְעָא. ↗ original

שַׁבְעָא , see שְׁבע I ↗ original

שִׁבְעָה , see שֶׁבַע ↗ original

שְׁבַעְתָּא week, see שָׁבוּעָא. ↗ original

שְׁבַעְתֵּי , seven, see שְׁבַע I. ↗ original

שָׁבַץ (Biblical Hebrew), Pi'el שִׁבֵּץ (compare שָׁבִיס; Syriac (Peshitta) שבץ confudit, miscuit) to interweave; to checker, adorn vessels with designs. Chullin 25ᵃ, and the following; Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 2, 10 כל שהוא עתיד … לשַׁבֵּץ any unfinished vessel which is … to be adorned with designs. ↗ original

*שָׁבַק = next word Pesikta Rabbati section 44 שָׁבְקוֹ בבית וכ׳ leave him in prison, and let him be famished etc.; (Yalkut Shimoni Hosea 531 חובשהו, not חבשוהו, see חָבַשׁ). ↗ original

שְׁבַק (corresp. to Hebrew עָזַב) to leave, let go; to forsake, abandon; to leave behind; to bequeath. Targum Jeremiah 51, 9. Targum Exodus 23, 5. Targum Judges 16, 26 (Hebrew text הניחה); and very frequently—participle passive שְׁבִיק; feminine שְׁבִיקָא, שְׁבִיקְתָּא; plural שְׁבִיקִין; שְׁבִיקָתָא, שְׁבִיקָן. Targum Jeremiah 51, 5 (Hebrew text אלמן). Targum Ezekiel 36, 4. the same place (ibid.) 41, 9; 11 (Hebrew text מֻנָּח); and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Niddah 2, end, 50ᵇ אמר שׁוֹבְקְתֵיה לצפרא he said (to the woman), leave it (with me) for the morning. Shabbath 32ᵃ שַׁבְקֵיה וכ׳, see רַוְיָא. Yoma 12ᵃ למִישְׁבַּק, see אוּשְׁפִּיזָא. Arachin 22ᵃ מי שַׁבְקִינָן מזוני וכ׳ shall we leave the alimony (which the widow receives out of the estate, as long as her dowry is not satisfied) unguarded? the same place (ibid.) מי שבקינן ליה do we allow him (to take interest)? Bava Bathra 125ᵃ לאו הני מעות ש׳ אבוהון it is not these coins that their father left them (when he died). Gittin 37ᵇ, and frequently (לא שבק) לא שָׁבֵיק (אינש) וכ׳, see הֶיתֵּרָא. Bechoroth 24ᵃ במקום דידה לא שַׁבְקָה דידה וכ׳ when the dam has her own child, she will not neglect her own and give suck to a strange animal. Bava Metzia 92ᵃ לא ש׳ איסי חיי וכ׳ Isi would let no man live, i.e. with such a law humanity could not exist; Bava Kamma 91ᵇ א"כ לא שַׁבְקַת חיי וכ׳ if this were the law, thou wouldst let no creature exist; and frequently to remit, pardon, forgive. Targum Genesis 18, 24. Targum Numbers 14, 19; and frequently—Vayikra Rabbah section 5, end יאי … דשָׁבֵיק לחובין וכ׳ it is becoming the great God to remit great sins; and elsewhere—participle passive as ab. the same place (ibid.) הא שרי לך והא שביק לך this is remitted to thee, and this is forgiven thee; and elsewhere to let go, send away, divorce. Bereshith Rabbah section 17 שְׁבוֹקָא ההיא אנתתא מינך וכ׳ send that woman away, for she does thee no honor; the same place (ibid.) שַׁבְקָהּ להדא וכ׳ send that bad woman away; the same place (ibid.) לית בידי מה אֶשְׁבּוֹק לה I have not the means to divorce her (to give her her dowry); the same place (ibid.) לית בי מה אשבוק לה; Vayikra Rabbah section 34 לית בי מִשְׁבַּק לה; (Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 352 לית לי ממרקא לה, see מְרַק); Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 11, 34ᵇ bottom of the page שיבקה דלית וכ׳ (read: שׁוֹבְקָהּ or שׁבְּקָהּ Pa'el) send her away etc.; and elsewhere Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁבֵּק, Af'el הִפְעִיל אַשְׁבֵּיק same, to divorce. Bereshith Rabbah the passage cited אנן יהבינן לה פורנא ושַׁבַּק יתה מינך (not ושבקית) we shall give her her dowry, and divorce thou her. the same place (ibid.) ושַׁבַּקְתָּהּ מיניה (some edition וש׳ יתה) and he divorced her; Vayikra Rabbah the passage cited ושבקיה (correct accordingly); Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth the passage cited; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 665. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 6, beginning 30ᶜ הן דמַשְׁבֵּיק וכ׳ he who divorces his wife and does not pay off etc., see מְרַק. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּבַּק, Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׁתְּבִיק to be let alone, be allowed. Koheleth Rabbah to 5, 11 אוף למידמוך לית אנן מִישְׁתַּבְּקִין we are not even allowed to sleep. to be remitted; to be forgiven. Targum Genesis 4, 7. Targum Leviticus 4, 20; and frequently to be divorced. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 4 בעיין למִשְׁתַּבְּקָא דין מדין they wanted to be divorced from each other. to be forsaken, abandoned. Targum Jeremiah 49, 11 תשתבקון (edition Vilna edition תשבקתון, correct accordingly). the same place (ibid.) 25. Targum Isaiah 17, 9; and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁבְקָא (the preceding) [abandoned,] undressed vine. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 25, 5 (Hebrew text נזיר־).—plural שִׁבְקִין, שַׁ׳. the same place (ibid.) 11 שִׁבְקָהָא (edition Vienna edition שַׁ׳). isolated, single shoot.—plural as ab. Targum Ezekiel 17, 6 שַׁ׳ edition Vilna edition (edition Lagarde edition שִׁיבְ׳; Hebrew text בדים). ↗ original

שִׁבְקָא ² (the preceding words) heirloom; (supply (understood word) בעל) testator.—plural שׁבְקַיָּיא, שִׁי׳. Arachin 22ᵃ יתמי … בתר שִׁיבְקַיְיהוּ heirs that enjoy what is not theirs will follow those who left them the (ill-gotten) goods; Bava Metzia 70ᵃ שִׁיבְקַיְהוּ. ↗ original

שֵׂבֶר , see סֵבֶר ↗ original

שְׂבַר , Poël שׂוֹבַר, see סְבַר 2. ↗ original

שָׁבַר 1 (Biblical Hebrew) to break. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 41ᵈ (play on אכל תשברו, Deuteronomy 2, 6) באכל תִּשְׁבְּרוֹ האכלתו שְׁבַרְתּוֹ with food break him (his ill-will); when thou hast given him to eat, thou hast broken him; אם היה קשה עליך באכל תשברו וכ׳ if he is hard on thee, break him with food, and if not (if thou succeedest not with food), heap silver upon him; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, 3ᶜ bottom of the page Tanchuma Sh’laḥ. 9 נתכוונו … לִשְׁבּוֹר לבן וכ׳ the spies intended to break the heart (courage) of the Israelites (referring to ויניאו, Numbers 32, 9). Tosefta Bava Metzia 2, 26 אוהבו … כדי לשבור את לבו if a friend requires help for loading, and an enemy for unloading (to relieve the broken down beast of burden), it is commended to help the enemy in order to break his heart (hatred); (Bava Metzia 32ᵇ כדי לכוף את יצרו). Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Eth Korb., p. 59ᵇ נטל את הטבלא … ושְׁבָרָהּ he took the plate … and shattered it. Shemoth Rabbah section 18 (referring to Psalms 77, 7) נזכרת אני את השברים שהיית שׁוֹבֵר וכ׳ I remember the breaks with which thou brokest (the calamities with which thou didst visit) the empires for me by night; בא … שָׁבַרְתָּ וכ׳ Sennacherib came upon me, thou brokest him at night (see below Hof.); and very frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 8, beginning 37ᵈ כל מדרש שאתה דורש ושׁוֹבֵר וכ׳ a textual interpretation which you introduce, and by which you break (upset partially) a previous interpretation of the same verse, is no legitimate interpretation. Tanchuma Vayera 13 סופו … שובר את ראשו the end of the verse breaks (contradicts) its beginning. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 9 (explained דתבריא, Daniel 3, 2) the scholars (scholastici) are called d’thabraya (see תְּבַר), שהם שׁוֹבְרִים הדברים because they break (twist out of joint) the words (of the law).—participle passive שָׁבוּר, feminine שְׁבוּרָה having a broken limb, injured. Bava Metzia 1, 4 רצין … אחר צבי ש׳ running … after a wounded deer. the same place (ibid.) 94ᵇ ש׳ ומתה a borrowed animal that was injured or that died. the same place (ibid.) נשבעין על הש׳ must make oath concerning an injured animal in their charge; and frequently—2) (denominative of שׁוֹבֵר) to give a receipt; to acknowledge payment; to acquit. Tosefta Kethuboth 4, 11 שָׁבְרָה לו (על) מקצת כתובתה שברה לו אל כולה if she gave him a receipt for a portion of her jointure, she has released him of all obligations of the marriage contract. the same place (ibid.) 9, 1 כונסה … והיא שׁוֹבֶרֶת לו וכ׳ he marries her and divorces her (and remarries her), and she gives him a receipt for her jointure (by which act the mortgage on the entire estate is cancelled); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 8, 32ᵇ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 4, 5ᵈ; and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁבֵּר to break. Shabbath 105ᵇ המקרע … והמְשַׁבֵּר כליו וכ׳ he who in his anger tears his garment or breaks his vessels, … let him be in thy sight like an idolater; and frequently—participle passive מְשׁוּבָּר. Pesikta Rabbati section 17 (referring to Job 1, 15) מש׳ ומלוקה היה he (that escaped) was broken of limbs and smitten; Ruth Rabbah to 1, 5; Vayikra Rabbah section 17 מוּשְׁבָּר; Yalkut Shimoni Job 892 מושבר. Hof. הֻפְעַל הוּשְׁבַּר to be broken. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Vattom., p. 129ᵇ (referring to Psalms 77, 7) נזכרת אני שֶׁבֶר שהוּשְׁבַּרְתִּי וכ׳ (not שכר שהושכ׳) I remember how I was broken (crushed) among the empires (see above); Echah Rabbah to 1, 2 שהָשְׁבַּרְתִּי … בלילן וכ׳ how I was broken before thee in the night of persecution by the empires; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 816; and frequently—participle מוּשְׁבָּר, see above. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׁבָּר, Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתַּבֵּר, , Nithpa'el נִשְׁתַּבֵּר same. Bava Metzia 6, 4. Kelim 3, 3 ונִשְׁבְּרָה and was again broken. the same place (ibid.) 11, 1 נִשְׁבְּרוּ טהרו when they are broken, they are no longer susceptible of uncleanness. Bereshith Rabbah section 91 נִשְׁתַּבְּרוּ שיניהם their teeth were broken (fell out). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, beginning 58ᵇ נשבר קל וחומר the conclusion a minori is impaired. Avodah Zarah 50ᵇ, and the following זריקה מִשְׁתַּבֶּרֶת an interrupted throwing, i.e. sprinkling a liquid, but not throwing a solid object; and frequently—Treatise Derekh Erets Chaldaic (Aramaic) X מִשְׁתַּבֵּר על השיש ‘has his limbs broken’ (a sort of massage) on the marble floor (in the bath-house, in the presence of other people). ↗ original

שָׁבַר 2 to buy provisions. Bereshith Rabbah section 91 אף … לִשְׁבָּר אוכל Joseph, too, knew that his brothers were coming down to Egypt to buy food; the same place (ibid.) כל מי שנכנס לִשְׁבּוֹר וכ׳ let whomsoever enters (Egypt) to buy food register his name &c; Tanchuma Mikk. 8. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁבִּיר to sell provisions, to supply. the same place (ibid.) (referring to מַשְׁבִּיר, Proverbs 11, 26) זה יוסף שזן וכ׳ that means Joseph who sustained the world etc.; Bereshith Rabbah the passage cited; and elsewhere—[Tanchuma edition Buber edition Vayesheb 13 משביר אותו, read: מַשְׂכִּיר.] ↗ original

שֶׁבֶר 1 break, fracture. Shabbath 22, 6 אין מחזירין את הש׳ you must not set a fracture (on the Sabbath). T’bul Yom 4, 7 שלום מן הש׳ וכ׳ (he meant) that it will be brought up in safety without being broken and without being spilt; Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 2, 41ᶜ top; and elsewhere—Transferred destruction, calamity. Bereshith Rabbah section 91 (play on שֶׁבֶר, Genesis 42, 1, a. סֵבֶר) כי יש ש׳ זה הרעב כי יש סבר זה השבע וכ׳ ‘that there is a calamity’, that means the famine; ‘that there is brightness’, that means plenty etc. the same place (ibid.) והלא כבר נאמר ותרעב … יש ש׳ has it not been said before, ‘and all the land of Egypt was hungry’? what is meant by ‘there is a calamity in Egypt’? etc. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Vattom., p. 129ᵇ (not שכר); Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 816, see שָׁבַר I; and elsewhere—plural שְׁבָרִים, construct state שִׁבְרֵי. Bereshith Rabbah section 30 (referring to Job 12, 5) שהיו מוכנים לשני ש׳ לשבר מלמעלן וכ׳ they were predestined for two calamities, for destruction from above (rain), and for destruction from below (rise of the deeps). Shemoth Rabbah section 18, see שָׁבַר I. Kelim 11, 3, and frequently שברי כלים fragments of vessels, broken vessels. Bava Bathra 14ᵇ שברי לוחות the tablets broken by Moses. Berachoth 8ᵇ הזהרו בזקן … לוחות ושברי וכ׳ be careful not to despise an old man that has forgotten his learning through no fault of his, for we are told, the (whole) tablets and the broken ones were deposited in the Ark; Menachoth 99ᵃ; and frequently a broken ejaculation, sigh, especially the broken disconnected sounds produced on the Shofar. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, 65ᵇ top (play on אֵד, Genesis 2, 6) עלה ש׳ מלמטן וכ׳ when the broken tune (at the prayer meeting) rises from below, at once the rain comes down.—plural as ab. Rosh Hashanah 34ᵃ שיעור תרועה כשלשה ש׳ the value of a t’ruʿah (a succession of tremulous sounds) is equal to three sh’barim. the same place (ibid.) אתקין … שלשה ש׳ תרועה וכ׳ R. Abbahu introduced in Cæsaræa (for the New Year’s Day) the blowing of a t’ḳiʿah (a succession of connected notes), three sh’barim, a tr’uʿah, and a t’ḳi‘ah; and elsewhere ↗ original

שֶׁבֶר 2 ; ש׳ רעבון, see Genesis 42, 19 a. 33, compare Psalms 104, 11; see Ehrlich Miḳra ki-Pheschuṭô, p. 114 and the following) (sale of) provisions (in time of famine). Bereshith Rabbah section 91 מפני … יש אוכל במצרים שאמר הכתוב יש ש׳ וכ׳ why does not the Scripture say (Genesis 42, 1) ‘there was okhel (food) in Egypt? (why is it) that the text says, ‘there was sheber’? ↗ original

שִׁבַר (denominative of בַּר 2, בְּרָא) [boy, Syriac (Peshitta),] simple, foolish (corresp. to Hebrew פֶּתִי). Targum Proverbs 9, 4 (some edition שכר, correct accordingly). the same place (ibid.) 14, 15. Targum Job 5, 2 (edition Vilna edition שְׁבִירָא). Targum Psalms 19, 8 (edition Lagarde edition שִׁיבְרָא; edition Vilna edition שִׂבְ׳, correct accordingly); and elsewhere—plural שַׁבְרֵי. Targum Proverbs 1, 4; 22; 32; and frequently—Fem. שְׁבַרְתָּא. the same place (ibid.) 9, 13 (edition Vilna edition שִׁבְרָתָה; some edition שכ׳, correct accordingly). ↗ original

שִׁבְרָא (compare שַׁבְרִירַיָּא) mullein, a plant the woolly leaves of which are used for wicks (φλόμος λυχνῖτις or θρυαλλίς; see Löw Low, Aramaische Pflanzennamen, Leipzig 1881, p. 67). Shabbath 20ᵇ, explained פתילת המדבר (edition Soncino שִׁיבְרָא, other early edition שׁוּבְ׳). ↗ original

שַׁבְרָה (compare שַׁבְרִירַיָּא) blinking. Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 77ᵈ עיינה הוות ש׳ one of her eyes was blinking. ↗ original

שִׁבָּרוֹן (שָׁבַר 2) sale of provisions, market price. Bereshith Rabbah section 8 שואלין אלו לאלו מה ש׳ נעשה היום they (going in) ask those (coming out), how was the market to-day?; Yalkut Shimoni Job 907. ↗ original

שַׁבְרוּתָא (שְׁבַר) simplicity. Targum Proverbs 1, 22. ↗ original

שַׁבְרִיר (compare next wd.) name of a certain animal living in the water, water snake (?).—plural שַׁבְרִירִים, שַׁבְרִירִין. Mechilta Yithro, Baḥod., section 6; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 286. ↗ original

שַׁבְרִירֵי (= שבהר׳, see שַׁבְהַר; compare חִיוַּרְוָרַיָּא a. סַנְוֵור) being dazzled, blinking, temporary blindness, loss of direction. Targum Onkelos Genesis 19, 11 (edition Berlin edition שַׁבְרָרַיָּא). Targum 2 Kings 6, 18.—Yoma 28ᵇ ש׳ דשמשא וכ׳ the dazzling sun-light coming through cracks or breaks in the clouds is worse than the uncovered sun. Gittin 69ᵃ ש׳ דיממא sudden blindness occurring in day-time (from dazzling light). the same place (ibid.) ש׳ דליליא blindness occurring at night (believed to be caused by a demon living in the water or in water vessels. the same place (ibid.) (an incantation for blindness) ש׳ דפלוני וכ׳ shabriré of N, son of N, leave etc. Avodah Zarah 12ᵇ; Pesachim 112ᵃ סכנת ש׳ the danger of getting blind (from drinking at night). the same place (ibid.) (an incantation against thirst at night) נימא איהו … מש׳ ש׳ ברירי וכ׳ let him say to himself, N, son of N, my [thy] mother told me, be on guard against shabriré: shabriré, b’riré, riré yiré, ré ↗ original

שָׁבַשׁ (= שבשב, compare שׁוֹבָב) to run in all directions, blunder. Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁבֵּשׁ to entangle, confound; participle passive מְשׁוּבָּשׁ; feminine מְשׁוּבֶּשֶׁת thrown into confusion. Yevamoth 16, 7, see גַּיָּיס. Vayikra Rabbah section 35; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 6, 11. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתַּבֵּשׁ to be entangled. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 18, 11 וטלפות סוסיהן מִשְׁתַּבְּשׁוֹת edition Buber edition (other edition משתמטות) and the hoofs of their horses were entangled (caught in the mud). ↗ original

שְׁבַשׁ , Pa'el שַׁבֵּישׁ (denominative of שִׁבְשָׁא) to branch off, send forth branches. Targum Psalms 80, 12 שַׁבֵּישְׁתָּא manuscript (edition Vilna edition שְׁבֵשַׁת, Pe.). to cut branches, harvest grapes. Bava Metzia 73ᵃ, see שַׁבָּשָׁא. (see the preceding) to entangle, confound, overpower. Targum Jeremiah 20, 7 (Hebrew text פתה); Targum 2 Esther 1, 2. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 5, 1.—participle passive מְשַׁבַּשׁ; plural מְשַׁבְּשִׁין. Targum Job 40, 17 (manuscript מִשְׁתַּבְּשִׁין Ithpaal; Hebrew text ישרגו).—Yevamoth 75ᵇ לשַׁבּוּשֵׁיה למרימר וכ׳ he only wanted to confuse M’remar (test his ingenuity). the same place (ibid.) 108ᵇ איידי … אזל מְשַׁבֵּשׁ וכ׳ because she is familiar with his hints and signs, he may confuse (have undue influence over) her and remarry her. the same place (ibid.) הא כבר שַׁבְּשָׁהּ ולא אִישַּׁבְּשָׁא (not שבשא) he has before tried to influence her, and she was not influenced. Nedarim 89ᵇ שַׁבְּשֵׁיה ואנסביה וכ׳ (not ואינסיב, Rashi שיבשיה) he persuaded him and made him take a wife. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִישְׁתַּבַּשׁ, אִישַּׁבַּשׁ to be entangled. Targum Lamentations 1, 14 (edition Lagarde edition a. other אתיבשו, other edition איתבשו, correct accordingly; Hebrew text ישתרגו). to be confounded. Targum Jeremiah the passage cited (Hebrew text ואפת). the same place (ibid.) 50, 36 (Hebrew text נֹאָלוּ). Targum Ezekiel 24, 10.—Yevamoth the passage cited, אִישַּׁבְּשָׁא (marg. corrupted אִשְׁתַּבְּשָׁא), see above.—Esp. to blunder, be mistaken. Pesachim 17ᵃ אישתבש כהני the answer of the priests was erroneous. Shevuoth 28ᵇ אִישְׁתַּבְּשַׁת thou art mistaken; Zevachim 26ᵃ.—5. מְשַׁבֶּשְׁתָּא. ↗ original

שֵׁבֶשׁ masculine, plural שִׁבְשִׁין = next word Yalkut Shimoni Ezekiel 362, see שַׁבְטוּטִין ↗ original

שִׁבְשָׁא (the preceding words) ramification, branch. Targum Job 15, 30.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 1, 15ᵈ bottom of the page נחתת … כעין ש׳ דנור וכ׳ a fire came down from heaven, and it took the shape of a branch of fire between the bier and the people, see שַׁבְשָׁבָה. Bava Metzia 73ᵃ, see next word—plural שִׁבְשִׁין, שִׁבְשַׁיָּא, שִׁי׳. Targum Onkelos Genesis 40, 10; 12. Targum Joel 1, 7 (edition Vilna edition שַׁבְּשָׁהָא). Targum Lamentations 1, 14; and elsewhere—Bereshith Rabbah section 59 הוה מרקד אתלת ש׳ used to dance (before bridal couples) with three branches; Kethuboth 17ᵃ מרקד אתלת (add: ש׳). Bereshith Rabbah the passage cited דהוה לקיט מינהון ש׳ וכ׳ because he took branches from them and danced etc.; and elsewhere ↗ original

שַׁבָּשָׁא (the preceding) he that cuts the vines, i.e. he that advances money on the grapes on the vines; in gen. he that buys produce in the field; [Rashi: he that advances seed grain to be returned in new grain].—plural construct state שַׁבָּשֵׁי. Bava Metzia 73ᵃ שַׁבָּשׁי שִׁבְשָׁא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Rashi (edition דשַׁבְשֵׁי שבשא, Manuscript Hamburg דמְשַׁבְּשֵׁי, see שְׁבַשׁ.) ↗ original

שִׁבְשֵׁב (the preceding words) to plait branches. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 9, 24ᵇ bottom of the page ר׳ ירמיה שי׳ ולבש עטרה וכ׳ R. J. plaited and put on a crown of olive branches (in honor of a bridal couple).—[Echah Rabbah to 5, 16 ר׳ ירמיה דשבשב, some edition דשבשבת, see שְׁבִשְׁתָּא.] ↗ original

שַׁבְשֵׁב (the preceding, see שְׁבַשׁ) to drive shoots, sprout. Targum Job 14, 7 (Hebrew text יחליף). ↗ original

שַׁבְשָׁבָה (the preceding) branch, shoot. Bereshith Rabbah section 59 נחתת ש׳ דנור ואתעבידת כמו ש׳ דהדס וכ׳ a branch of fire came down and assumed the shape of a myrtle branch, and separated the bier from the people, see שִׂבְּשָׁא. ↗ original

שַׁבְשׁוּשִׁין (the preceding) branches, shoots, see שַׁבְטוּטִין. ↗ original

שְׁבִשְׁתָּא (the preceding words) shoot, twig. Targum Ezekiel 15, 2 (Hebrew text זמורה). the same place (ibid.) 17, 4 (Hebrew text יניקות).—Berachoth 5ᵇ שמיע לן … וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition שְׁבִישָׁא) we have heard that you allow your tenant no share in the vines (when they are cut). Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 1, 15ᵈ הוה נסיב שיבשתיה וכ׳ (read: שְׁבִישְׁתָּא or שְׁבִישָׁתָה plural) used to take a branch (branches) and dance in front of bridal processions; the same place (ibid.) דקמת ליה שְׁבִישְׁתֵּיה the merit of his (carrying the) twigs (or of his folly, see שׁוֹטִיתָא) stood by him (at his funeral, when lightning in the shape of a twig came down, see שִׁבְשָׁא a. שַׁבְשָׁבָה); Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, 42ᶜ top נסיב שׁוֹשִׁיבְתָּה (or שׁוֹשִׁיבָתָה plural); the same place (ibid.) דעבדת ליה שושבתא, read: דעמדת ליה שׁוֹשַׁבְתֵּיה; Bereshith Rabbah section 59 דקמת ליה שַׁבֶּשְׁתֵּיה.—plural שְׁבִישָׁתָא, שְׁבִשָׁ׳. Koheleth Rabbah to 3, 11 (in Hebr. dict.) נתן להם ש׳ דהדס וכ׳ he gave them myrtle twigs (in place of swords and spears), and they smote one another etc.; the same place (ibid.) שבישותה של הדס (correct accordingly).—Koheleth Rabbah to 10, 5 ר׳ ירמיה דש׳ וכ׳ ‘R. Jeremiah of the branch’ (so surnamed for his manner of dancing before bridal couples) took a crown of olive branches etc. (see שִׁבְשׁב); Echah Rabbah to 5, 16 דשבשב (some edition דשבשבת). confusion, mistake. Bava Metzia 96ᵇ, and elsewhere לפום חורפא ש׳, see חִוּרְפָּא. Pesachim 112ᵃ, and elsewhere ש׳ כיון דעל וכ׳, see עוּל. ↗ original

שֶׁבֶת 1 common gender (see Löw Low, Aramaische Pflanzennamen, Leipzig 1881, p. 373) dill. ʿUktsin 3, 4 הש׳ משנתן טעמו וכ׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) משנתנה טעמה) the dill stalk after having given its taste to a dish; Berachoth 39ᵃ. Maasroth 4, 5 הש׳ מתעשרת וכ׳ dill must be tithed as seed etc., see עָשַׂר; and frequently ↗ original

שֶׁבֶת 2 seat. Esther Rabbah to 1, 2 מקום הש׳ the place of the throne. the same place (ibid.) כדי שיהא המלך יושב בש׳ וכ׳ so that the king might be seated in the chair with the crown etc. Niddah 16ᵇ, see מָרוֹם; and elsewhere sitting idle, indemnity for loss of time (Exodus 21, 19). Bava Kamma 8, 1 ש׳ רואין אותו וכ׳ to estimate indemnity for loss of time, we consider the person concerned, as if he were a watchman in a cucumber field. the same place (ibid.) 85ᵃ דמי שִׁבְתּוֹ indemnity for his enforced idleness. the same place (ibid.) שבתו ורפואתו כל שחייב בש׳ וכ׳ the text places on parallel lines indemnity for loss of time and healing expenses: whenever one is bound to pay for loss of time, one is bound to pay for healing. the same place (ibid.) 86ᵃ ש׳ גדולה וש׳ קטנה the larger indemnity (for the permanent incapacitation, e.g. the value of the earning capacity of a maimed hand), and the smaller indemnity (for the time of sickness); Gittin 42ᵃ; and frequently—plural (Chaldaic (Aramaic)) שִׁבְּתִּין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 8, 6ᵇ bottom of the page תרין ש׳ אינון there are two kinds of indemnity for incapacitation (the larger and the smaller, see above). ↗ original

שָׁבַת (Biblical Hebrew) to rest, cease; especially to observe the Sabbath, Echah Rabbah to 5, 14 (explained מנגינתם, the same place (ibid.)) מזמריהון שָׁבְתוּ they ceased from their songs. the same place (ibid.) to 1, 7 (referring to משבתיה, the same place (ibid.)) זה … שש׳ מתוכה this refers to R. J. b. Z. who ceased from staying within her (who left Jerusalem during the siege). Sanhedrin 58ᵇ נכרי שש׳ וכ׳ a gentile that rests from work (on any day) deserves death. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 7ᶜ bottom of the page כבר ש׳ וכ׳ R. Ḥ. has already begun the Sabbath observance in his town. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 15, 15ᵃ bottom of the page שבת לה׳ שְׁבוֹת כה׳ מה הקב"ה ש׳ ממאמר אף את שבות ממאמר ‘a Sabbath unto the Lord’ (Exodus 20, 10), rest like the Lord, as God rested from speech, so do thou rest from speech (planning work). Nedarim 3, 10 הנודר משׁוֹבְתֵי שבת וכ׳ he who forswears benefit at the hands of those who rest on the Sabbath, is forbidden to receive benefits from Jews and from Samaritans; and frequently—Pesachim 54ᵃ אור שש׳ a light which burned during the entire Sabbath (having been kindled on the Sabbath eve). Menachoth 21ᵃ (referring to תשבית, Leviticus 2, 13) מלח שאינה שׁוֹבֶתֶת וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition שובתה) a kind of salt which has no Sabbath (is generated at all times), which is Sodom salt (see מֶלַח). to stay over the Sabbath; (of scholars) to deliver the Sabbath lecture. Peah 8, 7 ש׳ נותנין לו מזון וכ׳ where the transient poor makes his Sabbath station, you must give him food for three meals; Shabbath 118ᵃ; Bava Bathra 9ᵃ. Mechilta Bo, section 16 כבר שָׂבְתוּ … ולא ש׳ וכ׳ once the disciples made their Sabbath station at Jabneh, but R. J. did not stay there. the same place (ibid.) ומי ש׳ שם and who lectured there?; אפשר שש׳ ר׳ וכ׳ is it possible that R. El. b. Az. lectured without sayîng something novel?; Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 1, beginning 75ᵈ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 3, 18ᵈ bottom of the page; and frequently (see שְׁבִיתָה) to appoint a Sabbath camp as the center for Sabbath movements. Pesachim 3, 7 (49ᵃ) ההולך … לִשְׁבּוֹת שביתת הרשות if a person goes away from home … in order to transfer his Sabbath camp for some secular (social) purpose. Eruvin 51ᵃ לשׁוֹבְתֵי שבת for those who appoint a Sabbath camp (when on the road near the beginning of the Sabbath), see פֵּאָה; and frequently—participle passive שָׁבוּת allowed to rest, abandoned. Sifra B’har, Parah 1, Chaldaic (Aramaic) I (referring to שבת הארץ, Leviticus 25, 6) מן הש׳ בארץ … מן השמור thou mayest (in the Sabbatical year) eat of what is abandoned in the earth (that which grows without special cultivation, manuring etc.), but not of what is watched in the earth (of a field more than ordinarily ploughed); Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 659. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁבִּית to cause to cease, remove. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 7ᵈ bottom of the page שתשבור ותַשְׁבִּית עולו וכ׳ that thou mayest break and remove the yoke of the evil inclination etc.; the same place (ibid.) שתַּשְׁבִּיתֵהוּ מעלינו וכ׳ that thou mayest remove it (the leaven of evil) from within us etc.—5. הַשְׁבָּתָה. ↗ original

שְׁבַת , to rest; to observe the Sabbath. Targum Exodus 31, 17. Targum Onkelos the same place (ibid.) 16, 30 edition Berlin edition (other edition נחו). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 23, 32.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 5, 56ᵃ top ונחית שָׁבֵית בבייתיה and went down to observe the Sabbath in his own house; the same place (ibid.) הוו סלקון שַׁבְתוּן וכ׳ went up and celebrated the Sabbath at the Temple; Echah Rabbah to 3, 9 ושבחן (read: ושַׁבְתָן).—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni the passage cited סליק ש׳, read: שבח, see שְׁבַח I.] ↗ original

שַׁבָּת the preceding) day of rest, Sabbath.—שַׁבַּת בראשית, see בְּרֵאשִׁית. Shabbath 1, 1 יציאות הש׳ the laws concerning the carrying of objects from one territory (רָשׁוּת) to another on the Sabbath, see הוֹצָאָה. the same place (ibid.) 2ᵇ הכא דעיקר ש׳ הוא here where the Sabbath law is the main subject. the same place (ibid.) 10ᵇ מתנה … וש׳ שמה I have a precious gift in my treasury, its name is Sabbath. the same place (ibid.) 119ᵃ תבלין … וש׳ שמו וכ׳ we (Jews) have a certain spice, its name is Sabbath, which we put into it (the Sabbath dish), and its flavor spreads, the same place (ibid.) 117ᵇ בש׳ חייב אדם לבצוע וכ׳ on the Sabbath one must break bread (say the blessing) over two loaves. the same place (ibid.) לעולם … להוצאת ש׳ one should always be early in making the purchases for the Sabbath. the same place (ibid.) 118ᵃ עשה שַׁבַּתְּךָ וכ׳, see צָרַךְ. the same place (ibid.) 119ᵃ בואו … ש׳ המלכה come ye, and let us go forth to meet queen Sabbath. the same place (ibid.)ᵇ שני … בערב ש׳ מבית וכ׳ two ministering angels escort man on the Sabbath eve from the synagogue to his house; מלאך … שתהא לש׳ אחרת כך וכ׳ the good angel says, may it be thus the next Sabbath, and the evil angel says Amen against his will. the same place (ibid.) לא חרבה … את הש׳ Jerusalem was destroyed for no other reason than because they desecrated the Sabbath there. Mechilta Ki Thissa לכם ש׳ מסורה וכ׳, see מָסַר. Rosh Hashanah 4, 1 שחל להיות בש׳ which falls on a Sabbath day; and very frequently—Berachoth 28ᵃ, and elsewhere ש׳ של מי היתה whose Sabbath was it, i.e. whose turn to preach was it?—plural שַׁבָּתוֹת. Shabbath the passage cited אילמלי … שתי ש׳ וכ׳ if Israel were to observe two Sabbaths properly, they would at once be redeemed. Yevamoth 93ᵃ ש׳ וימים טובים Sabbaths and festivals; Kethuboth 110ᵇ; and very frequently week. Nedarim 8, 1 ש׳ זו אסור בכל הש׳ וש׳ שעברה (if one says on a Sabbath day, ‘I vow abstinence from wine) this Sabbath’, he is forbidden to drink wine the whole (incoming) week and the week just expiring. Menachoth 65ᵇ באמצע ש׳ during the week, opposite בשבת on the Sabbath day; and frequently—plural as ab. Isaiah 66ᵃ אימתי … שבע ש׳ תמימות וכ׳ when do you find seven complete weeks (between Passover and Shabuoth)? When you begin to count from the evening. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Haʿom., p. 69ᵇ באלו שבע ש׳ וכ׳ during those seven weeks between Passover etc.; and frequently—שַׁבָּת Sabbath, name of a treatise, of the Order of Moʿed, of the Mishnah, Tosefta, Talmud Babli and Y’rushalmi. ↗ original

שַׁבְּתָא Sabbath. Targum Exodus 16, 25, and the following Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) the same place (ibid.) 23 שַׁבָּא שַׁבַּת קודשא (O. שְׁבָתָא שְׁבַת ק׳, edition Berlin edition שַׁבָּא שְׁבָתָא ק׳, see next word). Targum Isaiah 58, 13; and frequently—Berachoth 28ᵃ גדרוש מר חדא ש׳ וכ׳ shall one (of them) preach one Sabbath, and the other the next Sabbath (alternately)? There will be jealousy. Shabbath 119ᵃ דיזיף ש׳, see יְזַף. 118ᵃ, and frequently מעלי ש׳, see מֵעֲלָא. Gittin 38ᵇ דקבעי … בש׳ וכ׳ who have their meals on the Sabbath during lecturing hours. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᵇ bottom of the page חזיא … בשו׳ וכ׳ saw mourners on the Sabbath, and saluted them; and frequently—plural שַׁבְּתַיָּא, שַׁבְּתֵי. Targum Hosea 2, 13 שַׁבְּתָהָא (edition Vilna edition שַׁבַּתָּ׳).—Berachoth the passage cited לדרוש … תלתא ש׳ וכ׳ let R. G. lecture three Sabbaths in succession, and R. El. b. Az. every fourth Sabbath. Sanhedrin 67ᵇ כל מעלי ש׳ (some edition singular) every Sabbath eve; and elsewhere week. Targum Esther 2, 9; and elsewhere—Bereshith Rabbah section 11 חד בש׳ the first day of the week; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁבָתָא (the preceding) rest, solemn observance. Targum Onkelos Exodus 16, 23 (Hebrew text שבתון), see the preceding the same place (ibid.) 31, 15 שַׁבָּא שְׁבָתָא edition Berlin edition (edition Vienna edition שְׁבַת שַׁבָּתָא; Yerushalmi (prefix) שַׁבַּת שַׁבַּתָּא); and frequently ↗ original

שִׁבְתָא , see שִׁיבְתָא, שִׁיבְּתָא. ↗ original

שַׁבְּתַאי (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Sabbethai. Yoma 83ᵃ; Bava Bathra 90ᵇ ש׳ אצר פירי, see אַצָּר. Betzah 32ᵇ ש׳ בר מרינוס. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 2, 34ᵃ ר׳ ש׳ דצדוקי (edition Krot. שִׁי׳). Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 4, end, 54ᵈ ר׳ שׁוּ׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Challah 2, 58ᶜ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 8, beginning 26ᵃ; Babylonian Sanhedrin 69ᵃ; and frequently the planet Saturn. Shabbath 156ᵃ האי מאן דבש׳ יהי גבר דמחשבוהי בטלין Oxford manuscript (edition מחשבתיה) he who was born under Saturn shall be a man whose plans will be frustrated (בטל being the Chaldaic (Aramaic) equivalent of שָׁבַת). Bereshith Rabbah section 10 יש מזל … והוא ש׳ there is a planet which completes its circuit in thirty years; it is Saturn. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 6 יום רביעי ש׳ Saturn rules on the fourth day of the week. Pesikta Rabbati section 20; and elsewhere ↗ original

שָׁגָא , see שָׁאגָא ↗ original

שְׁגָא , see שְׁגֵי ↗ original

שָׂגַב to be high, exalted, strong. Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׂגֵּב to overpower (compare תָּקַף). Temurah 16ᵃ (referring to לבלתי עצבי, I Chronicles 4, 10) שלא יְשַׂגְּבֵנִי … מלשנות that the evil inclination may not have power over me so as to prevent me from studying; Yalkut Shimoni Joshua 27 יסגפני (correct accordingly). ↗ original

שְׂגַבְיוֹן S’gabion. Tosefta Terumoth 2, 13 ש׳ ראש בית וכ׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading שביון) S. chief of the synagogue of Achzib. ↗ original

שָׁגַג (Biblical Hebrew) [to be excited, confounded,] to err, do wrong inadvertently; to act under a wrong impression. Kerithoth 4, 1 ש׳ … באיזה מהן ש׳ if he had connection with one of them under the impression that it was his wife, and it is unknown with which of them. the same place (ibid.) 2, 4 עשה בה את המזיד כשׁוֹגֵג with reference to her the law puts the wilful transgressor on a level with the inadvertent (obliging him to offer a sacrifice). Shabbath 69ᵃ ש׳ בשבת והזיד במלאכות, see זִיד. the same place (ibid.) או שש׳ במלאכות וכ׳ or he acted inadvertently with regard to labors (not knowing that such a labor was forbidden on the Sabbath), but consciously as regards the Sabbath. the same place (ibid.) ש׳ בזה ובזה if he was in error as to both. the same place (ibid.) עד שיִשְׁגּוֹג בלאו וכרת שבה he must be ignorant of the prohibition (לאו) and of the eventual punishment of extinction (כרת); and very frequently Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֵשֵׁג to confound. Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 146 מְשִׁיגִּין, see שָׁגָה. ↗ original

שְׁגָגָה the preceding) inadvertent act, error. Kerithoth 1, 2 על אלו … ועל שִׁגְגָתָם חטאת for the following acts one incurs the punishment of extinction if wilfully committed, and is bound to bring a sin-offering if committed inadvertently. the same place (ibid.) 2, 2 אלו … הזדון כש׳ the following must offer a sacrifice for their wilful acts as if they were inadvertent ones. Shabbath 70ᵃ (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) קרבן דחייב רחמנא אמאי אש׳ for what act does the Law demand a sacrifice? Only for an inadvertent active the same place (ibid.) 69ᵃ שִׁגְגַת קרבן שמה ש׳ ignorance as to eventual liability to a sacrifice is called inadvertency; Shevuoth 26ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) איזוהי שגגת שבועת וכ׳ how is inadvertency in a vain oath with regard to a past event possible?; and very frequently—Moed Katan 18ᵃ, and frequently והואי כש׳ שיוצאה מלפני השליט (frequently Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 10, 5) and it was as an error proceeding from the ruler, i.e. his ominous words, although not meant as such, came true.—plural שְׁגָגוֹת. Shabbath 70ᵃ (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) התם חדא שגגה הכא טובא ש׳ הוייו there it is only one error, here there are several. Bava Metzia 33ᵇ, see זָרוֹן. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 1, 33ᵃ חטאתם אלו הש׳ ‘their sins’ (Leviticus 16, 21) this refers to inadvertent acts; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁגַגְתָּא —plural שִׁגְגָתָא. Vayikra Rabbah section 5, end (referring to Psalms 19, 13) מן ש׳ דעבדית קמך (release me) from the inadvertent sins which I may have committed before thee; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 19 שִׁגְיָיתָא (edition Buber edition שגיאותיו, read: שְׁגִיאוֹתַי). ↗ original

שגדונא , see שִׁגְרוֹנָא ↗ original

שָׁגָה , see שגי ↗ original

שִׁגּוּשׁ , see sub שִׁיגּ׳. ↗ original

שָׁגוֹשָׁא (שְׁגַשׁ) disturber, mischief-maker. Targum Proverbs 26, 20 manuscript (edition שִׁגּוּשָׁא; Hebrew text נרגן). ↗ original

שִׁגּוּשְׁיָא , see sub שִׁיגּ׳. ↗ original

שָׁגַח to be bright. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁגִּיחַ (compare נָבַט, Hif'il) (with ב) to look at; to consider. Betzah 3, 6 אין מַשְׁגִּיחִין בכף וכ׳ you must not look at the scales at all, i.e. on the Holy Day you dare not use the scales at all, even if you employ some substitute for weights; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 62ᵃ bottom of the page; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 5. Berachoth 52ᵃ אין משגיחין בבת קול we do not consider a voice from on high, i.e. we are not guided in our decisions by a bath ḳol (see בַּת I); and elsewhere (with על) to look for, care for, mind. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 8, 3ᵇ bottom of the page ואין ברייה מַשְׁגַּחַת עליה and nobody will care for her (to assist her in her bereavement). Berachoth 34ᵇ לא היו מַשְׁגִּיחִים עליו they would have paid no attention to his prayers. Sanhedrin 99ᵃ כל מי שאינו מַשְׁגִּיחַ על המשנה he who disregards the Mishnah; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁגַח Af'el אַשְׁגַּח same, to look. Targum Song of Songs 2, 9. to care for, mind. Targum Job 22, 2; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 5, beginning 15ᵃ בשדה בור דלא מַשְׁגַּח עליה in the case of an uncultivated field, about which the owner does not care (if people gather its spontaneous growth). Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 3, 21ᶜ top, גְּסַס. the same place (ibid.) 6, 23ᵈ bottom of the page מַשְׁגְּחִין רבנן מימר וכ׳ would the rabbis (you) mind to say a word of the Law? אמרו ליה א׳ מרן said they to him, would you mind? Yerushalmi (prefix) Niddah 2, end, 50ᵇ מאי חמא רבי משגח עלינן וכ׳ what reason had the master (you) to care for us (consult our opinion) this day? Sukkah 31ᵃ ולא א׳ בה, see צְוַוח. the same place (ibid.) ולא אַשְׁגְּחִיתוּ בה and you pay no attention to her? Bereshith Rabbah section 32 לא א׳ ביה קרייה ולא אחשביה כלום the Biblical text paid no attention to it and did not consider it at all; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 4 ולא א׳ ביה עילוי קרייה (strike out עילוי); and frequently ↗ original

שגי to be confused; to reel; to err. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 7 אימתי ש׳ when did he (David) err? When Saul pursued him. the same place (ibid.) ש׳ אדם וכ׳, see below; and elsewhere Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁגָּה to cause to reel; to lead astray. Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 829 מה הגפן הזו … וכסוף היא מגרה את קרנה וקרניה מַשְׁגִּין לאדם וכ׳ as in the case of the grape,—you cut it, and it is silent, you tread it, and it is silent, but at the end it stirs up its horns (like an angry bull), and its horns cause man to reel, and thrust him down; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 146 מְשִׁיגִּין (frequently שָׁגַג); Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 80, 9 (correct accordingly). Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 7 (referring to Job 12, 16) אם שגה אדם בדברי תורה דברי תורה משגון אותו if a man wants to go astray in the interpretation of the words of the Law, the words of the Law will lead him astray (edition Buber edition אם שגה אדם בדברי תורה משיגין אותו); and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁגֵי to reel, be intoxicated. Targum Proverbs 20, 1.—Yevamoth 63ᵇ ש׳ נפל he reeled (from fright) and fell down. to err, deviate. Targum Proverbs 19, 27; and elsewhere to be lost, missed. Targum Numbers 31, 49 (Hebrew text נפקד). Targum Judges 21, 3 (some edition למסגי, correct accordingly). Targum Onkelos Genesis 31, 39. Targum Zechariah 11, 16; and frequently Af'el הִפְעִיל אַשְׁגֵּי to lead astray. Targum Proverbs 28, 10.— to miss the aim. Targum Judges 20, 16 משנן (read: מַשְׁגָּן, see Rashi). ↗ original

שַׂגִּי = סַגִּי. Vayikra Rabbah section 9 (edition Vilna edition ס׳); Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 763, see שׁוּם I Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original

שְׁגִיאָה (שָׁגָה) error, inadvertency.—plural שְׁגִיאוֹת. Midrash Till, to Psalms 7 edition Buber edition על כל ש׳ שעשיתי מחול וסלח לי forgive me and pardon me for all inadvertent wrongs that I may have committed. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 19 שגיאותיו edition Buber edition, see שְׁגַגְתָּא. ↗ original

שִׁגְיְיתָא —plural שִׁגְיָיתָא. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 19, see שְׁגַגְתָּא ↗ original

שַׁגִּישְׁיָא , see שַׁגִּשְׁיָא ↗ original

שַׁגִּישְׁתָּא , see שִׁיגּוּשְׁתָּא ↗ original

שְׁגִישְׁתָּא (שְׁגַשׁ) confused, bewildered. Gittin 70ᵇ דעתא ש׳ היא his mind is confused (by the fear of death), opposite צילותא, see צִילָא. ↗ original

שֵׁגָל king’s wife or mistress. Rosh Hashanah 4ᵃ (referring to Nehemiah 2, 6) מאי ש׳ אמר … כלבתא what is shegal? Said Rabbah …, a she-dog. the same place (ibid.) (referring to Psalms 45, 10) ואי ש׳ כלבתא היא וכ׳ if shegal meant dog, what good tidings did the prophet announce for Israel? the same place (ibid.) לעולם ש׳ מלכתא היא וכ׳ shegal means in general queen, and that opinion of Rabbah … (as regards Nehemiah the passage cited) is a tradition etc.—plural שִׁגְלוֹנוֹת (frequently שגלון). Sanhedrin 95ᵇ ↗ original

שָׁגַם , Pi'el שִׁיגֵּם (see גָּמַם) to smooth, plane, polish. Kelim 22, 10 הנסרים … ששִׁיגְּמָן the boards in a bath which one planed; (Maimonides: which one joined with bamboo, see next word). to bend. Bereshith Rabbah section 26 (play on בשגם, Genesis 6, 3) הרי אני מְשַׁגְּמָן ביסורין I will bend them through suffering; הריני משגמן אלו באלו (‘Rashi’ מְשַׁגְּשָׁן) I will bend them (break their power) one through the other; the same place (ibid.) ע"י שלא שִׁיגַּמְתִּי אותן וכ׳ because I had not bent them through suffering; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 44. (. שׁוֹגֵם ) שֶׁגֶם masculine (the preceding) joint made of twisted reed (bamboo), hinge.—plural שְׁגָמִין or שִׁגְ׳, שׁוֹגְמִין. Bereshith Rabbah section 26 (see the preceding) הדלת הזה מי מעמידו שְׁגָמָיו (or שִׁגְמָיו) what keeps the door in position? Its hinges. Kelim 10, 6 עשאן בסינין או בשוג׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Bartenora, Bertinora בשג׳) if he joined the boards with tenons or with hinges (Maimonides: with bamboo, see סֵן). ↗ original

שִׁגְמָא —plural שִׁגְמַיָּא, שִׁי׳. Koheleth Rabbah to 9, 18 (explained האֹמְנוֹת, 2 Kings 18, 16) רבנן אמרי ש׳ the Rabbis say, it means the (gilt) hinges. ↗ original

שגנז , Yalkut Shimoni Joshua 22, see סִיגְנוּם ↗ original

שָׁגַר (Shaf. of גרר; compare נגר) to run, flow.—participle pass. שָׁגוּר; feminine שְׁגוּרָה fluent, spoken without hesitation. Berachoth 5, 5 אם ש׳ תפלתי וכ׳ if my prayer is fluent in my mouth, I know etc., see טָרַף; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 3 שָׁגְרָה edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading שגורה).—[Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 15 שוגרת, see below.] Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁיגֵּר to speak with fluency. Shemoth Rabbah section 9 כיון ששִׁיגְּרוּ … בפיהם וכ׳ when they recited (these verses) the whole night with fluency, they considered it a good sign etc. to make run, to send. Tanchuma Mick. 8 תפוש … ושַׁגֵּר אותם לפני arrest them and send them up before me; Bereshith Rabbah section 91. the same place (ibid.) וש׳ בשבילם וכ׳ and sent (messengers) out for them to hunt them up etc. Tosefta Shabbath 13 (14), 9 ולהיפרכוס שלהן ש׳ לו וכ׳ and to their commander he sent a present of fifty denars. Berachoth 51ᵃ, and the following מְשַׁגְּרוֹ לאנשי וכ׳ he sends it as a gift to his household. Sanhedrin 59ᵇ אחד משגרו וכ׳ he sent out one (serpent) to the south etc. Bava Bathra 146ᵃ. Sotah 35ᵇ שִׁגְּרוּ וכ׳, see נוֹטָרִין and frequently—participle passive מְשׁוּגָּר; feminine מְשׁוּגֶּרֶת. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 1, see רוֹגְלִית; the same place (ibid.) to 1, 15 שוגרת correct accordingly). Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁגִּיר [to speak fluently,] to improvise a prayer, change the established form. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 5, 9ᶜ שליח צבור שה׳ שתים וכ׳ if a reader improvises two or three sections (of the Prayer of Benedictions), we do not make him go back and recite the established form. ↗ original

שְׁגַר 1 to run, flow. Targum Jeremiah 13, 17 (edition Vilna edition ותְשַׁגֵּד Pa'el, shed). the same place (ibid.) 9, 17 (edition Vilna edition Pa'el). to drag. Chullin 51ᵃ דהוו שָׁגְרָן וכ׳ Tosafoth (edition שדרן) they dragged their hind legs. Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁגַּר to cause to run, shed tears. tears. Targum Jeremiah the passage cited, see above. to send. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 23, 20. to cast; (of beasts) to give birth. the same place (ibid.) 13, 12 דמְשַׁגְּרָא (not דמִשַּׁ׳). Targum Jeremiah 22, 19.—participle passive מְשַׁגַּד; feminine מְשַׁגְּרָא; plural מְשַׁגְּרָן. the same place (ibid.) 7, 33; 36, 30. Targum Deuteronomy 28, 26. Targum Isaiah 5, 25, and elsewhere Af'el הִפְעִיל אַשְׁגַּר (neut. verb.) (neut. verb.) to run over. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 8, 9ᵇ bottom of the page אַשְׁגְּרַת עיינה דר׳ וכ׳ R. Aḥa’s eye ran over the whole Torah, and he did not find (that the word מלאכה appeared 39 times). to cast an eye. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᵇ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, 35ᵃ bottom of the page בהיא שעתא אַשְׁגְרִית עיניי וכ׳ (not עינוי) at that moment I let my eyes run (reviewed in my mind) the whole etc., see תְּהִלָּה. to improvise, change the established form of a prayer. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 5, 9ᶜ א׳ חד ברכה (read חדא) he changed one section of the Benedictions. the same place (ibid.) א׳ מכניע זדים בסופה he changed the benediction which closes with makhniʿa zedim (the twelfth section) at the end of it. ↗ original

שְׁגַר 2 (the preceding; compare גָּרָה) to heat. Targum Ezekiel 39, 9.—Shabbath 109ᵇ שָׁגְרָא תנורא וכ׳ she heated the oven and swept it etc.—participle passive שְׁגִיר; feminine שְׁגִירָא. Yoma 29ᵃ תנורא ש׳ a hot oven (in which it is easy to kindle a fresh fire), opposite קְרִירָא. ↗ original

שְׁגַר 3 Sh’gar, one of Haman’s ancestors. Targum Esther 5, 1; Targum 2 Esther 3, 1. ↗ original

שֶׁגֶר [that which is cast,] birth, foetus, premature birth. Bechoroth 3ᵃ (referring to Exodus 13, 12) פטר שגר בהמה ש׳ בהמה Rashi variant reading ‘the first cast of an animal’, even the premature first birth of an animal is sacred; (edition שֶׁגָּר בבהמה that which dwells in an animal).—2) run, flight (of a dove). Bava Bathra 2, 5 מלא ש׳ היונה a far as the dove flies (for food). ↗ original

שִׁגְרָא (שְׁגַר 1) that which is cast away; ש׳ דתמדי dates after being pressed out for beer, refuse. Kethuboth 80ᵃ top of the page ↗ original

שִׁגְרוֹנָא (שְׁגַר 1, 2) dragging or casting the legs, hip-disease. Chullin 51ᵃ ההיא אימרתא … האי ש׳ נקטיה (Munich manuscript שיגדונא, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) שגד׳, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) there was a case of lambs … that dragged their hind legs (see שְׁגַר I), said R. Yemar, that is a case (of which, when occurring with a man, we say) ‘hip-disease has seized him’ (which does not rise from a severance of the spinal cord). the same place (ibid.) ש׳ שכיח חוט וכ׳ hip-disease is a frequent disorder, severance of the spinal cord is unusual. Gittin 69ᵇ לש׳ וכ׳ as a remedy for hip-disease, let one take etc. ↗ original

שִׁגְרוֹנַיָּיה (שְׁגַר 1) [rivulets,] slopes. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 1, end, 64ᵇ מאן דמקדר אילין ש׳ דבישן מינהן he who measures (see קָדַר I) the slopes of Beshan (will find that) they are part of them (of the regions flowing with milk and honey). ↗ original

שַׁגְרִיר (שָׁגַר) messenger, ambassador. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 1, 32ᵈ לשני מלכים ושני שַׁגְרִירֵיהֶן מלכו … ושַׁגְרִירוֹ של זה וכ׳ as in the case of two kings and their two ambassadors, this one’s king being higher in rank than the other’s king, and this king’s ambassador higher than the other king’s ambassador, but this one’s ambassador is not higher than the other ambassador’s king.—plural שַׁגְרִירִים, see above. ↗ original

שָׁגַשׁ 1 (apocop. of שגשג, transpos. of גשגש, see גָּשַׁשׁ; compare גִּעְגֵּעַ, a. כֶּסֶךְ, כַּסְכַּס) to feel around, dabble, fumble. Tanchuma P’ḳudé 3 עולם שני דומה לחזיר שהוא שׁוֹגֵשׁ וכ׳ in the second period man is like the swine that searches in the dunghills: so does the child two years old dabble in dirt. ↗ original

שָׁגַשׁ 2 Pi'el שִׁגֵּשׁ (see שַׁגְשֵׁג) to confuse. Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 150 play on והשגתם a. ישיגם, Genesis 44, 4; 6) בשִׁ"ין כתיב (שַׁגֵּשׁ אותם בדברים וכ it is written with (may be read as) Shin, confuse them with words, now soft and now hard; וכך עשה וישיגם שִׁגֵּשׁ וכ׳ and so did he, vayasshigem, he confused them etc. ↗ original

שְׁגַשׁ Pa'el שַׁגֵּישׁ same. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 23, 27 (O. variant reading וְאֶשַׁגֵּשׁ, manuscript 3 אֶשְׁגַּשׁ; see Berlin edition Targum Onkelos 2, p. 27; Hebrew text והמתי). Targum Onkelos the same place (ibid.) 14, 24. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 7, 23; and frequently—Bava Bathra 9ᵇ, and the following עולא מְשַׁגֵּשׁ וכ׳, see עוּלָא I; [see, however, שְׂגַשׂ]. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּגֵּשׁ to be confused, perplexed, excited. Targum 2 Esther 6, 10. Targum I Kings 1, 41; 45 (Hebrew text המם). Targum Psalms 39, 7 (Hebrew text יהמיון). the same place (ibid.) 46, 4 מִשְׁתַּגְֹּשִׁין manuscript (edition מתרגשין); and frequently—Targum Jeremiah 23, 19 (Hebrew text מתחולל). the same place (ibid.) 25, 16, see שַׁגְשֵׁג. ↗ original

שְׂגַשׂ (= שגשג = סגסג, denominative of סִיג I) to be debased. Vayikra Rabbah section 18 שְׂגִישְׂתּוּן בי וכ׳ you acted basely towards me, as it is said (Psalms 78, 36) etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 287 שגשגישתון ככסף [סיגים] מצופה על חרס וכ׳ (correct accordingly, or שַׁגְשְׁגִיתוּן) you were base like ‘an earthen vessel overlaid with silver [dross]’ (Proverbs 26, 23), as it is written (Psalms the passage cited) etc. Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׂגֵּשׂ to debase. Vayikra Rabbah the passage cited שַׂגִּישְׂתּוּן אורחא וכ׳ you debased your manners, as it is written (Proverbs the passage cited), ‘an earthen vessel’ etc.—Bava Bathra 9ᵃ and the following עולא מְשַׂגֵּשׂ ארחתיה דאימיה a child that caused the deterioration of his mother’s ways (who refused his mother’s entreaties until she uncovered her breasts, saying, look at the breasts that gave thee suck). ↗ original

שַׂגְשֵׂג same, see above. ↗ original

שַׁגְשֵׁג (Palp. of שגג) to confuse, perplex Ithpalp. אִשְׁתַּגְשֵׁג to be confused, excited; to rage. Targum Jeremiah 25, 16 manuscript (edition ויִשְׁתַּגְּשׁוּן). ↗ original

שַׁגִּשְׁיָא (שְׁגַשׁ) excited, agitated. Bereshith Rabbah section 87, beginning (explained המיה וכ׳, Proverbs 7, 11) ש׳ וטעיא (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) בייכא; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 145, a. Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 940 בוכה, read: בָּיְכָה) she is agitated and runs about; see בּוּךְ. ↗ original

שַׂד (שָׂדַד) furrow.—plural שִׂדִּים, שִׂידִּ׳. Bereshith Rabbah section 42 (explained עמק השדים, Genesis 14, 10) שהוא עשוי ש׳ ש׳ תלמים דבר אחר וכ׳ (the valley was called Siddim,) because it was made up into siddim, (which means) furrows; another explanation (as if שָׁדַיִם), because it fed its children like breasts; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 72 (correct accordingly). ↗ original

שַׁד , see Ges. Thes. under the word) female breast. Tosefta Sotah 4, 3 (referring to לשד, Numbers 11, 8) מה שד זה עיקר וכ׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading דד) as the breast is essential for the child and everything else is of secondary import, so was the manna etc.; מה שד זה אם יונק וכ׳ as the breast does not harm the child, even if it suck it an entire day etc.; Yoma 75ᵃ מה שד זה תינוק וכ׳ as the child finds in the breast all tastes etc.—Dual שָׁדַיִם; plural construct state שְׁדֵי. Bereshith Rabbah section 42; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 72, see the preceding Tanchuma Sh’moth 25 והיונקים כחלב משרי אמם and the sucklings found in the manna a taste like that of the milk from their mothers’ breast (referring to Numbers the passage cited). Berachoth 3ᵃ. Sotah 30ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original

שֵׁד (Biblical Hebrew) demon. Yoma 75ᵃ (play on לשד, Numbers 11, 8) מה שד זה מתהפך וכ׳ as the demon changes into many colors (appearances), so did the manna change into many tastes. Sanhedrin 67ᵇ דקפיד אמנא שד, see קְפַד. the same place (ibid.) (referring to Exodus 8, 15) מיכן שאין השד וכ׳ from here we learn that the conjured demon cannot create anything smaller than a barley corn; and frequently—plural שֵׁדִים, שֵׁדִין, שֵׁי׳. Vayikra Rabbah section 22 (referring to Leviticus 17, 7) ואין … אלא ש׳ this s’‘irim means demons; ואין ש׳ … שעירים and this shedim (Deuteronomy 32, 17) means s’‘irim (referring to Isaiah 13, 21). Sanhedrin the passage cited, see לְהָטִים; and frequently—Fem. שֵׁדָה, שֵׁי׳; plural שֵׁדוֹת, שֵׁי׳. Pesikta Rabbati section 15 (explained שרה ושדות, Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 2, 8) שדים וש׳ male and female demons; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Haḥod., p. 45ᵇ before Solomon sinned, היה רודה בשידה וש׳ he ruled over all sorts of demonesses. ↗ original

שֵׁדָא Shabbath 67ᵃ לש׳ לימא הכי וכ׳ against a demon say this etc. the same place (ibid.) לש׳ דבית הכסא for the demon of the privy. Eruvin 43ᵃ; Pesachim 110ᵃ יוסף ש׳ the demon Joseph; and frequently—Vayikra Rabbah section 5 ש׳ שריהון וכ׳ Sheda etc., see רוּחָא.—plural שֵׁדִין, שֵׁדַיָּא, שֵׁדֵי, שֵׁי׳. Targum Deuteronomy 32, 17. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I the same place (ibid.) 10. Targum Isaiah 13, 21 (Hebrew text שעירים, see the preceding). Targum Leviticus 17, 7 (O. edition Vienna edition שירים); and frequently—Pesachim the passage cited אשמדאי מלכא דש׳ Ashm’dai, king of the demons; Gittin 68ᵃ; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 65; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 114 (explained איש שָׂעִר, Genesis 27, 11) גבר שידין (not שדיין, שיירן) a man (worshipper) of demons (referring to שעירים, Isaiah 13, 21). ↗ original

שְׁדָא , see שְׁדֵי ↗ original

שִׁדָּא , see שִׁידָּא I ↗ original

שָׁדַד (Biblical Hebrew) to overpower, rob. Pesikta Rabbati section 26 יבואו השׁוֹדְדִים וִישַׁדְּדוּ אותה let the plunderers come and plunder her; Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 262 יבואו השונאים וִישׁוֹדְדוּ בה (not בהם). Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁדֵּד same, see above. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׁדָּד to be robbed. Bereshith Rabbah section 75 (referring to Psalms 12, 6) ואימתי אני לכשאראה עניים נִשְׁדָּדִים וכ׳ (not לכשתראה) when do I rise? When I see the poor robbed and the needy in anguish; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 625; Yalkut Shimoni Zechariah 569. ↗ original

שְׁדַד , see שְׁדֵי ↗ original

שָׂדַד to join, arrange, direct. Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׂדֵּד to harrow. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 28; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 76 וִישַׂדְּדוּ, see פָּתַח. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 12 לחרש ולְשַׂדֵּד וכ׳ to plough and harrow the ground. ↗ original

שְׂדַד Pa'el שַׂדֵּד same. Targum Job 39, 10 (edition Vilna edition יְשַׁ׳). ↗ original

שֵׁדָה , plural שֵׁדוֹת, see שֵׁד. ↗ original

שִׁדָּה , see שִׁידָּה ↗ original

שָׂדֶה common gender (Biblical Hebrew; compare שָׂדַד; see Delitzsch, Friedrich Assyr. Handw. under the word šid(d) u, p. 64 tract of land, field. Shevi'ith 1, 1, and frequently שְׂדֵה האילן a cultivated field in which trees grow, opposite שְׂ׳ הלבן, see לָבָן. Sifra Bechukkothai, Parah 4, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 11 (referring to Leviticus 27, 21) מגיד שהש׳ קרוי לשון זכר וכ׳ this proves that sadeh is of masculine gender in the sacred (Biblical) language. Arachin 8, 1 המקדיש את שָׂדֵהוּ if a man consecrates his field. the same place (ibid.) 7, 5 הלוקח … כשְׂ׳ אחוזה if a man bought a field of his father, and his father died, and after this he consecrated it, it is legally treated as an inherited field (Leviticus 27, 16), contradistinguished to שְׂ׳ מקנה a purchased field (the same place (ibid.) 22); and frequently—Kethuboth 1, 6, and elsewhere נסתחפה שדהו, שָׂדְךָ, see סָחַף.—Tosefta Shevi'ith 6, 21 ירקות סָדֶה edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading ש׳) vegetable growing in the field (in the Sabbatical year).—plural שָׂדוֹת. Arachin 9, 5 כל שהוא … חוץ מן הש׳ whatever is within a city wall is legally the same as houses, except fields. the same place (ibid.) 7; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁדוֹךְ , see שְׁדַךְ ↗ original

שִׁדּוּךְ , see sub שִׁידּ׳. ↗ original

שַׁדּוֹכָא (שְׁדַךְ) quiet, peaceable. Targum I Chronicles 4, 40. peace, rest. the same place (ibid.) 22, 9 (edition Vilna edition שְׁדוֹכָא). ↗ original

שְׁדוּכְיָא (the preceding) rest, ease. Targum Ezekiel 16, 49 (edition Vilna edition שְׁדוּכַיָּא; some edition שִׁידּוּכְיָא). ↗ original

שַׁדַּי (Biblical Hebrew) Almighty. Targum Genesis 17, 1. Targum Ruth 1, 20; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 46 (homiletic etymology, referring to Genesis 17, 1) אני הוא שאמרתי … דַּי it is I who said to my world …, ‘it is enough’. Sukkah 5ᵃ (referring to Job 26, 9) שפירש ש׳ מזיו וכ׳ the Almighty separated himself from the splendor of his residence, with his cloud over him; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁדֵי (see אֲדִי, נְדֵי 2) to swing, throw, cast, shoot; to sprinkle, pour. Targum Onkelos Exodus 15, 21 edition Lsb. a. other (edition רמא). Targum Job 38, 6 (Hebrew text ירה). Targum Psalms 91, 5 (see שַׁדְיָא 2). Targum I Samuel 20, 20. Targum Leviticus 4, 12 מֵישַׁד (infin.; Hebrew text שֶׁפֶךְ); the same place (ibid.) 18 יֵישׁוֹד (frequently אֲשַׁד). Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 2, 8 מרזבין דשַׁדְיָן וכ׳ (not דשרין) gutters discharging tepid, and gutters discharging hot waters (Hebrew text שדה ושדות). Targum Psalms 79, 3. the same place (ibid.) 62, 9 (edition Vilna edition שרו, correct accordingly). Targum Lamentations 2, 4; and frequently—Bava Kamma 92ᵇ לא תִשְׁדֵּי וכ׳, see בֵּירָא. Niddah 31ᵃ ושְׁדִי בשרא וכ׳, see נְפַץ. Gittin 57ᵇ אִישְׁדֵּי לך וכ׳ I will throw down a ring for thee, and thou bow down etc. the same place (ibid.) 69ᵇ ונִישְׁדֵּי מיא וכ׳ and let him pour water on it. the same place (ibid.) ולִישְׁדֵּי ליה וכ׳ and let him sprinkle it etc. Sanhedrin 30ᵇ, and elsewhere ש׳ ביה נרגא, see נַרְגָּא; and frequently to cast the spindle, to spin. Kethuboth 72ᵇ שַׁדְיָא פילכה, see פִּלְכָא. Gittin 69ᵇ דשַׁדְתֵּיה דומה (frequently שוד or שדד), see דּוּמָה I. Sukkah 16ᵃ מִשְׁדָּא, see אַשְׁלָא; and elsewhere Af'el הִפְעִיל אַשְׁדֵּי same, to cast, pour, shed. Targum 2 Samuel 16, 13. Targum I Chronicles 22, 8; and elsewhere Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁדֵּי same. Targum Onkelos Exodus 15, 4 edition Berlin edition (other edition Pe.); Yerushalmi (prefix) I the same place (ibid.) שַׁדָּא (Hebrew text ירה).—[Targum Proverbs 13, 12 מְשַׁדֵּי edition Vilna edition, read מְשָׁרֵי, see שְׁרֶי.] Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּדֵּי, Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׁתְּדֵי to be cast, poured out; to be shot. Targum Jeremiah 22, 19. Targum Lamentations 4, 1. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 35, 33 (O. אִתָּשַׁד, see אֲשַׁד). Targum Onkelos Exodus 19, 13. Targum Jeremiah 12, 9; and elsewhere—Niddah 48ᵇ, see below. to be cast about, reel. Targum Isaiah 24, 20 (Hebrew text נוע).—5. אִשְׁתְּדָיוּתָא. (see דָּאָה) to hover, fly. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 28, 49 (Hebrew text דאה). Targum Jeremiah 48, 40. Targum Habakkuk 1, 8. Targum Isaiah 6, 6 (edition Lagarde edition a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אשתוי, correct accordingly). denominative of שַׁד) to be a full developed breast. Niddah 48ᵇ אִשְׁתַּדּוּ (other opinion in Rashi: to be poured out, emptied, dried up), see כְּרַף; [Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אשתדור, variant reading אשתרור, see שְׁדַר 2, a. שְׁרַר]. ↗ original

שַׁדְיָא 1 (שְׁרֵי 2) yarn. Targum Ezekiel 27, 19 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition שיריין, שירין). ↗ original

שַׁדְיָא 2 (שְׁדֵי 1) [arrow, compare Psalms 91, 5, see Targum,] hot, destructive east-wind. Gittin 31ᵇ ש׳ נשיב the shadya is blowing; [Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word אסתנא names ש׳ as south-wind; Rashi: = Hebrew שֵׁידָה demoness]. ↗ original

שדיין , see שֵׁדָא ↗ original

שַׁדִּיךְ (שְׁדַךְ) at rest, at ease. Targum Job 21, 23 (manuscript שאנן; Hebrew text שלאנן). ↗ original

*שְׁדֵימָא field, plain(?). Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 6 ראה אבן ש׳ ונטלה וכ׳ (edition Schechter הרימה) he saw a stone of the plain (a clod of earth), and took it to his mouth. ↗ original

שָׁדַךְ , Pi'el שִׁידֵּךְ (see next word) to negotiate, stipulate. Shabbath 150ᵃ מְשַׁדְּכִין על … ועל התינוק וכ׳ you may stipulate on the Sabbath about girls to be betrothed, and about a boy to be taught reading or a trade. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 16 (17), 22 ואין מְשַׁדְּכִין בין וכ׳ you must not negotiate business affairs between a husband and his wife (to reconcile them) on the Sabbath. Kiddushin 44ᵇ והוא ששִׁדְּכוּ provided they have been negotiating (with her father). the same place (ibid.) (mixed dict.) אע"ג דשִׁידְּכוּ even if they have been negotiating. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁדִּיךְ to subdue, quiet. Esther Rabbah section 2, beginning (referring to Proverbs 29, 11 ישבחנה) זה הקב"ה שהוא מַשְׁדִּיךְ וכ׳ this refers to the Lord who quieted Ahasverus (referring to משביח, Psalms 65, 8). ↗ original

שְׁדַךְ (see דוּךְ a. דעך; compare Targum Proverbs 15, 18 דעך = Hebrew שקט) [to be sunk, settled,] to be quiet, at ease. Targum Isaiah 14, 7. Targum Joshua 11, 23. Targum Job 3, 25. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 33, 3. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 23, 24 (edition Vienna edition שריך, correct accordingly); and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 8, 45ᵃ bottom of the page אמרין לקדמייא וש׳ they spoke to the first (infant in the mother’s womb), and it became quiet. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 9, 38ᵈ כד חמא דשַׁדְכָן מילייא when he saw that things had settled down (the persecutions had ceased); Bereshith Rabbah section 79 מְשַׁדְּכָן (participle passive Pa'el). Af'el הִפְעִיל אַשְׁדֵּיךְ to settle, quiet, pacify. Targum Psalms 65, 8 (manuscript תְּשַׁדֵּךְ Pa'el). Targum Job 34, 29 (not יִשְׁ׳). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 17, 20 (edition Vienna edition אִשְׁרֵיךְ, correct accordingly). Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁדֵּיךְ same. Targum Psalms 94, 13. the same place (ibid.) 90, 11. Targum Job 37, 17; and elsewhere (see above).—Bereshith Rabbah section 64 יעול … וִישַׁדֵּךְ צבורא let a wise man come and pacify the people; (Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 111 וישדל). to arrange, stipulate, especially to negotiate a marriage (by sending an agent to settle affairs). Kiddushin 13ᵃ התם בדש׳ in that case it means that he had been negotiating (when he finally betrothed her with a stolen object); ומנא תימרא … בין ש׳ ודלא ש׳ and how will you prove that it makes a difference whether a betrothal was preceded by negotiations or not? Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּדַּךְ, Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׁתְּדִיךְ to be quieted, settled. Targum Esther 2, 1. the same place (ibid.) 7, 10. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 8, 1 (some edition אשתרבו, correct accordingly; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) שְׁדִיכוּ). ↗ original

שַׁדְכָא (the preceding) one at ease, retired from business. Bava Bathra 139ᵃ מתניתן בש׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Rashb. edition Pesachim (Manuscript Hamburg בשִׁידְכָא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 10; edition בשרכא) the Mishnah (which disallows the older brother as executor of the estate to take his personal expenses out of the common fund) refers to a person retired from business (who does nothing to enlarge the value of the estate); ש׳ פשיטא if he is idle, is it not a matter of course (that he is not entitled to his personal expenses out of the estate)?—*Transferred barren tree, wild tree (compare סְרָק).—plural שַׁדְכֵי. Bava Kamma 92ᵇ קינא דש׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Agadoth hat-Torah, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 6; edition דשרכי), see שְׂרָכָא. ↗ original

שדכן , Targum Genesis 25, 27 נח ש׳ some edition, see נַחְשִׁירְכָן ↗ original

שָׁדַל (Shaf. of דלל; compare דֶּלֶת) to swing, be wide open (see Friedman Delitzsch, Prolegomena, p. 101). Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁדֵּל (compare פָּתָה) to persuade, speak suasively. Kiddushin 30ᵇ and the following גלוי … מפני שמְשַׁדַּלְתּוֹ בדברים וכ׳ it was revealed and known before Him … that a child honors his mother more than his father, because she sways him by persuasive words, therefore did he place the honor of the father before etc. (Exodus 20, 12); Mechilta Yithro, section 8; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 297. Yoma 35ᵇ בכל יום … משדלתו בדברים every day did Potiphar’s wife try to win (entice) him with words; and elsewhere Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתַּדֵּל to be persuaded, enticed. Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 16 הלב מִשְׁתַּדֵּל וכ׳ the heart is enticed, as it is said (Genesis 34, 3), and he spoke etc. to make one’s self pleasant, to insinuate one’s self; to be on good terms. Pesachim 112ᵃ; 113ᵃ הוי משתדל עם וכ׳ try to be on good terms with him on whom the hour smiles. [to swing one’s self up,] to make an effort, strive. Tosefta Kiddushin 5, 15 לעולם יִשְׁתַּדֵּל אדם ללמד את בנו וכ׳ (not לומד) under all circumstances a man must strive to have his son taught a trade which is etc.; Kiddushin 4, 10 (11) Yerushalmi (prefix) edition (Mishnah a. Babli only ילמד); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, end, 66ᵈ. Avoth 2, 5 במקום … הִשְׁתַּדֵּל להיות איש (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) השתדר) where there are no men, strive thou to be a man. the same place (ibid.) 4, 18 אל תִּשְׁתַּדֵּל וכ׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) תשתדר), see קַלְקָלָה; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁדַל Pa'el שַׁדֵּיל same, to persuade, entice. Targum Proverbs 1, 10. Targum Onkelos Exodus 22, 15. Targum Judges 14, 15; and frequently—Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 111 וישַׁדֵּל, see שְׁדַךְ. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּדֵּל to insinuate one’s self, win favor. Targum Ruth 2, 19.—Bereshith Rabbah section 22 אית כלבין … למִשְׁתַּדְּלָא there are dogs in Rome that know how to insinuate themselves (win the confidence of men); Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 36; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 840 למְשַׁדְּלָא. to strive; to struggle. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 1, 17. Targum Onkelos Genesis 32, 25, and the following Targum Song of Songs 3, 6.—[Targum Psalms 119, 96 edition Vilna edition, see שַׁכְלֵל.] ↗ original

שָׁדַף , under the word דַּף) to knock; (of grain) to blast. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana ʿAsser, p. 99ᵇ [read:] רוח אחת … והיא שׁוֹדְפַתָּן I send one east wind, and it blasts them; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 892 שדפתן (correct accordingly); Tanchuma R’eh 17 ומְשַׁדַּפְתָּן; Pesikta Rabbati section 25 ושׁוֹדֶפֶת. Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁדֵּף same, see above. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׁדַּף, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִשְׁתַּדֵּף to be blasted. Bava Metzia 9, 6 המקבל … או נִשְׁדְּפָה if one tenanted a field …, and the locust ate it up, or it was blasted. the same place (ibid.) 105ᵇ כגון שנִשְׁתַּדְּפוּ ארבע וכ׳ (it is considered a regional calamity,) if for instance four fields on four sides of that in litigation have been struck with blast. the same place (ibid.) נ׳ תלם אחד וכ׳ if one furrow over the whole length of it was struck. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 81ᵈ top כל מקום … היה נִשְׁדָּף every spot on which his eye looked was blasted; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁדַף Ithpaal אִשְׁתַּדֵּיף, Ithpeel אִשְׁתְּדִיף, אִשְּׁדִיף same, to be blasted, emptied of grain. Bava Metzia 105ᵇ דאִישְּׁדּוּף רובא דבאגא when most of the fields of the valley were struck; the same place (ibid.) 106ᵃ אִשְׁתַּדּוּף רובא וכ׳ most of the fields … were struck, and also his barley was blasted. the same place (ibid.) (mixed dict.) דהא מִשְׁתַּדְּפוּ כל שדותיך for all thy fields have been struck; and elsewhere— (euphem.) to ease one’s self. Targum I Kings 18, 27 (Hebrew text שִׂיג). ↗ original

שִׁדָּפוֹן the preceding) blast. Bava Metzia 106ᵃ כל העולם כולו בש׳ וכ׳ if the whole world (all the fields around) was stricken with blast, and his with mildew. the same place (ibid.); Arachin 9, 1 היתה שנת ש׳ וירקון if a year of blast or mildew intervened; and frequently ↗ original

שִׁדְּפוֹנָא Targum Deuteronomy 28, 22. Targum I Kings 8, 37; 2 Chronicles 6, 28.—Taanith 6ᵇ דלא שקיל שור׳ the grain of that year will not be subject to blast. ↗ original

שָׁדַר (see next word), Hithpa'el הִשְׁתַּדֵּר [to throw one’s self forward,] to strive. Avoth 2, 5; the same place (ibid.) 4, 18 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see שָׁדַל. ↗ original

שְׁדַר 1 (Shaf. of דור, דרר; compare שגר; Assyr. שדר to order); Pa'el שַׁדַּר to send. Targum Genesis 38, 20; 23. Targum Job 39, 3; and frequently—[Chullin 51ᵃ שדרן, read: שגרן, see שְׁגַר I.] Gittin 56ᵃ שַׁדַּר להו וכ׳ send them a sacrifice, and see whether they will accept it. the same place (ibid.) אזל ש׳ בידיה וכ׳ he went and sent through him etc. Chullin 56ᵃ שַׁדְּרָהּ לקמיה וכ׳ he sent the case to Rab M. Kethuboth 85ᵃ, and frequently לתקוני שַׁדַּרְתִּיךְ וכ׳, see עֲוַת; and frequently to throw. Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 109 אנא … ואת מְשַׁדֵּר ואזיל I shall open my mouth, and thou shalt go on throwing in; Bereshith Rabbah section 63 תהי משתדר (correct accordingly; Pesikta Rabbati section 16, and elsewhere משלח). Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּדַּר, Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׁתְּדַר to be sent; to be thrown. Targum Proverbs 17, 11. Targum Job 18, 8; and elsewhere—[Bereshith Rabbah section 63, see above.] ↗ original

שְׁדַר 2 (the preceding; compare שזר) to turn around, twist. Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁדֵּר to wrestle. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 32, 26 בשַׁדָּרוּתֵיה (verbal noun), see שְׁדַל. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּדַּר, Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׁתְּדַר same, especially to rebel, see אֶשְׁתַּדּוּר.— (in a transferred sense) to rise, grow stiff. Niddah 48ᵇ אִשְׁתַּדְּרוּ דדיך Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) thy breasts grew stiff (variant reading in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אשתררו, see שְׁרַר; edition אישתדו, see שְׁדֵי), see כְּרַף. ↗ original

שֶׁדֶר feminine, see שִׁדְרָה ↗ original

שִׁדְרָא = Hebrew שִׁדְרָה, twisted rope. Gittin 69ᵃ, see בַּרְקָא 2. spinal column. Bava Bathra 103ᵃ הנהו … הנהו ש׳ דארעא מיקרי (Rashi שִׁידְרֵי, plural) are they named ‘clefts of the field’? they are named ‘the spine of the field’; Arachin 25ᵃ שידרי; Kiddushin 61ᵃ; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 677 שדרי.—plural שִׁדְרָאִין, שִׁדְרֵי, שִׁי׳. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 14, 7.—Arachin the passage cited, and elsewhere, see above. ↗ original

שדרגזין (a corruption of σαρδόνυξ) sardonyx, a jewel in the high priest’s breast-plate. Shemoth Rabbah section 38, end (for Hebrew אדם, see 70 Exodus 28, 17, σάρδιον; Musafia שדרנגין). ↗ original

שִׁדְרָה (see שְׁדַר 2) [twisted cord,] spinal column. Chullin 3, 2 נשברה הש׳ ולא וכ׳ if the spinal column is broken, but its cord is not severed. the same place (ibid.) 1. Bereshith Rabbah section 28, beginning, and elsewhere לוז של ש׳, see לוּז 2. Shabbath 147ᵇ חומרי ש׳ Rashi (edition שדרא) the knots of the spine(vertebræ). Oholoth 1, 8, see חוּלְיָא I; and frequently—Bava Kamma 16ᵃ שִׁדְרוֹ של אדם a man’s spine. Berachoth 55ᵃ; Shabbath 81ᵃ שדרו של דג the back-bone of a fish.—plural שִׁדְרָאוֹת. Niddah 24ᵃ; Bechoroth 7, 2; Chullin 60ᵇ, see גַּב. stem, rib of a plant. Vayikra Rabbah section 30 הש׳ של לולב דומה לש׳ וכ׳ the rib of the palm-branch resembles the spinal column of man. ‘ʿUktsin 1, 2 הש׳ של שבולת the stem of an ear (of wheat). Chullin 119ᵇ בש׳ it refers to the stem of an ear of wheat, see שֹׁומֵר; and frequently—5. שִׁזְרָה. ↗ original

שַׁדַּרְתָּא feminine = Hebrew שִׁדְרָה. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 3, 9 (edition Berlin edition שַׁזַּרְתָּא; see Berlin edition Targum Onkelos 2, p. 32). ↗ original

שִׁדְּתָא , see שִׁידְּתָא ↗ original

שֶׂה (Biblical Hebrew) lamb, young goat or young sheep. Bechoroth 1, 5 ר׳ א׳ מתיר בכלאים מפני שהוא שה R. El. permits the redemption of a first-born ass with a hybrid of goat and sheep, because it goes by the name of seh (complying with the law Exodus 13, 13). Bereshith Rabbah section 56 (referring to Genesis 22, 8) אלהים יראה לו השה בני ואם לאו אתה השה לעולה בני God will provide himself a lamb, my son, and if not, thou art the lamb for the offering, my son; Pesikta Rabbati section 40 יזמן קרבנו ואם לא שה לעולה בני he will prepare his sacrifice, and if not, my son be the lamb for the offering. the same place (ibid.) שה לעולה סי לעילה לשון יונית (not חי) ‘seh for an offering’ is the Greek σέ (thee) for an offering. Bechoroth 12ᵃ אביו שה its sire is a sheep. the same place (ibid.) 7ᵃ שה מכל מקום a seh (young of sheep or of goats) under all conditions (even if it has the looks of an unclean animal). Pesachim 118ᵃ בשֵׂיוֹ, see עָנִי. Bava Metzia 27ᵃ; and very frequently ↗ original

שָׁהָא , see שהי ↗ original

שָׂהֵד , see sub סה׳. ↗ original

שָׁהָה , see שהי ↗ original

שַׁהֲוָא (שְׁהֵי) wasteness, ruin.—plural שַׁהֲוָותָא, שַׁהֲוָתָא. Targum Psalms 73, 18 (manuscript שׁחוותא; Hebrew text מַשּׁוּאוֹת). ↗ original

שָׁהוּת (שָׁהָה) while, time. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 2ᵈ top; Bereshith Rabbah section 12 על ידי ש׳ in the course of time. Meïl. 6ᵃ (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) דלא הוה ש׳ למזרקיה he had not had the time to sprinkle it; (the same place (ibid.) שעות). Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 3, 50ᵈ bottom of the page נותנין לו ש׳ כדי וכ׳ we allow him an interval of time for cracking etc. the same place (ibid.) בתוך כדי ש׳ שנייה within the interval allowed for the second act Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 4, end, 7ᵃ כאן לשעה כאן לשׁ׳ in the one case it means (chafing) for a while, in the other for some time. Rosh Hashanah 30ᵇ כדי שיהא שׁ׳ ביום וכ׳ that there be time left during the day to offer etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Horayoth 1, 46ᵃ top וש׳ ביניהון וכ׳ and the difference between them is the word time; R. M. says נותנין לו ש׳ וכ׳ we allow him time etc., see שָׁמַע; and frequently ↗ original

שהי to stand still, pause; to dwell, tarry. Shevuoth 2, 3 או שש׳ בכדי השתחוואה or if the unclean person stayed in the Temple long enough for prostration. the same place (ibid.) 17ᵃ (mixed dict.) בדלא ש׳ when he did not stand still (but walked constantly though slowly). Yevamoth 6, 7 נשא אשה וש׳ עמה וכ׳ if one married a woman and lived with her ten years without issue. the same place (ibid.) רשאי השני לִשְׁהוֹת וכ׳ the second husband may live with her ten years. the same place (ibid.) 36ᵇ כל ששהא וכ׳ a human birth that survived thirty days (although born in the eighth month) is not considered an abortion; Shabbath 135ᵇ ששהה. Berachoth 5, 1 חסידים … שׁוֹהִין שעה וכ׳ the pious men of olden times used to tarry a while (in the synagogue) before prayer etc. the same place (ibid.) 32ᵇ היו שוהין שעה … וחוזרין ושוהין וכ׳ they waited an hour, and prayed an hour, and tarried again an hour (at synagogue); and frequently—Esp. (ritual) to pause during the act of slaughtering (which makes the animal so cut unfit to eat). Chullin 2ᵇ שמא יִשְׁהוּ וכ׳ they might pause, might press the knife etc., see שְׁהִיָּיה. the same place (ibid.) 12ᵃ; and frequently to delay, see below. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁהָה, הִשְׁהָא to cause delay; to detain, restrain. Niddah 31ᵃ and the following מהוך שמַשְׁהִין עצמן וכ׳ because they restrain themselves (retard effusion) etc. Sanhedrin 76ᵃ המַשְׁהֶא בתו וכ׳ he who retards (the marriage of) his marriageable daughter. Bereshith Rabbah section 85 והן מַשְׁהִין אותן וכ׳ and they (the sons of Eli) caused them to stay away from their home one night. Vayikra Rabbah section 37, beginning שנודר ומשהה וכ׳ who vows (a sacrifice) and procrastinates the fulfilment of his vow. the same place (ibid.) ע"י שנדר ושָׁהָה את נדרו (perh. שִׁהָה, Pi'el) because he had vowed and was procrastinating etc. Kethuboth 61ᵃ הכל משהין בפני השמש וכ׳ you may postpone every dish before the waiter (keep him from eating while he is serving), except etc.; and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁיהָה same, to delay the use of, let stand. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, 45ᶜ top אסור לְשָׁהוֹתוֹ ואם שִׁיהוֹ וכ׳ (or לַשְׁהוֹתוֹ, Hif'il) you must not let it stand, but if one did, and it turned into vinegar etc. the same place (ibid.) ואם שִׁיהָן and if one did let them stand; and elsewhere Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתָּהֶה, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִשְׁתָּהֶא, נִשְׁתָּהֶה to be delayed. Rosh Hashanah 4, 4 פעם אחת נִשְׁתָּהוּ … מלבוא once the witnesses (that had seen the new moon rise) were delayed from coming (were late). Niddah 27ᵃ מעשה ונ׳ הולד אחר וכ׳ it occurred that a twin child was born three months after its brother; and frequently to gaze, be undecided, deliberate Bamidbar Rabbah section 5⁷ מה אתה עומד ומִשְׁתָּהֶה (some edition ומִשְׁתָּהֶא) why dost thou stand and deliberate?; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁהֵי same, to stand still; to tarry, gaze, be astonished. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 43, 10. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 12, 39. Targum Onkelos Genesis 24, 21. Targum Isaiah 29, 9; and frequently—Targum Habakkuk 1, 5 שְׁוָהוּ (edition Lagarde edition שְׁהוּ).—Chullin 75ᵇ מִשְׁהָא הוה שָׁהֵי ליה וכ׳ (איכא דאמרי) some say, he (Resh Laḳish) gazed at him (when R. Joḥ. gave his opinion) and was silent (and in the meanwhile R. Asi left the college room); Shevuoth 40ᵃ; 45ᵇ. Chullin 9ᵃ זימנין דשהי ודריס וכ׳ sometimes he may pause in slaughtering or press the knife without knowing it; and elsewhere to be vacant, lie waste. Targum 2 Kings 19, 25 Musafia (edition דשְׁחוֹ; edition Vilna edition דיִשְׁחוּ); Targum Isaiah 37, 26 (edition דשחו).—[Berachoth 6ᵃ ברכי דשהיי Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see שַׁלְהֵי 2.] Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׁתְּהִי to be delayed, tarry. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 19, 16. the same place (ibid.) 32, 5; 25. Targum I Chronicles 13, 14; and elsewhere—Betzah 6ᵃ לא אמרן אלא דא׳ … מַשְׁהִינָן ליה they allow burial on the second festive day only when the corpse has been lying for some time, but if it was not, we postpone its burial. Yevamoth 80ᵇ אִשְׁתְּהוּיֵי הוא דא׳ its birth was delayed. the same place (ibid.) מִשְׁתְּהָא a birth may be delayed (beyond the time of maturity). the same place (ibid.) וא׳ עד תריסר וכ׳ and he (the husband) tarried (was away from home) as much as twelve months; and elsewhere Af'el הִפְעִיל אַשְׁהֵי to delay, be slack. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 7, 10. the same place (ibid.) 22, 22 לֹא תַשְׁהוּנָהּ (edition Vienna edition תִשְׁהוֹנֵיה, correct accordingly) do not delay her execution.—Betzah the passage cited, see above. ↗ original

שִׁהֵי masculine, see שִׁיהֵי ↗ original

שְׂהֵיד , see סְהֵד ↗ original

שהיד , Targum Esther 6, 1 some edition, see שְׁהַר ↗ original

שְׁהִיָּה (שָׁהָה) delay, pause. Shevuoth 16ᵇ השתחואה דאית בה ש׳ a bowing in the Temple with which a delay is connected (spreading hands and feet). the same place (ibid.) וכמה שיעור ש׳ what is the normal time for a delay (in the Temple to be an offense if done by an unclean person)? the same place (ibid.) צריך ש׳ למלקות וכ׳ is tarrying in the Temple required for an unclean person to be punished with stripes or is it not (and only required for the duty of bringing a sacrifice)?; and elsewhere—Esp. pause in the act of slaughtering. Chullin 9ᵃ ואלו … שחיטה ש׳ דרסה וכ׳ and these are the rules for slaughtering … (guard against) pausing, pressing the knife etc. the same place (ibid.) 27ᵃ; and elsewhere—plural שְׁהִיּוֹת. Shevuoth 17ᵃ ש׳ מהו שיצטרפו are moments of staying in the Temple with intervals of moving combined (to make up the normal time)? ↗ original

שְׁהַר (עוּר; compare סְהֵיד a. עוּד) to be awake. Targum Esther 6, 1 דהוה שָׁהֵיר (not שהיד).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 11, end, 48ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 2, 4ᵈ top הוה שָׁהֵר, see קְרַץ 2. ↗ original

שַׂהַר , see סַהַר ↗ original

שָׁוְא see שָׁהָה) [vacancy,] vanity, inanity, falsehood. שבועת ש׳ a false oath, vowing to do something impossible, opposite בִּיטּוּי. Shevuoth 3, 9 שבועה שאוכל … והשנייה שבועת ש׳ (if one says) ‘I swear that I will eat this loaf, (and) I swear that I will not eat it’, the former is a useless oath (or vow), the second a false oath; אכלה עבר על שבועת ש׳ וכ׳ if he eats it, he is guilty of a false oath (having sworn that he would not eat it); if he does not eat it, he is (also) guilty of a useless oath. the same place (ibid.) 8 איזוהי שבועת ש׳ נשבע וכ׳ what is a vain oath of affirmation? If one swears to that which is known to be otherwise, saying of a stone column that it is gold etc.; נשבע … שאי אפשר וכ׳ if one affirms an impossibility, saying I swear that I have seen a camel fly in the air. the same place (ibid.) נשבע לבטל … זו היא שבועת ש׳ וכ׳ if he swears that he will neglect a command, that he will not erect a Succah, …: that is a vain oath, on the wilful pronouncing of which he is punished with stripes etc. the same place (ibid.) 21ᵃ איזוהי שבועת ש׳ … שקר נשבע וכ׳ what is a vain oath? If one swears to what is known to be otherwise; a false oath, if one swears to the opposite of the truth (e.g. ‘I have eaten’, when he has not, ‘I have not eaten’, when he has), see שֶׁקֶר. the same place (ibid.) 20ᵇ ש׳ ושקר אחד הן a vain oath (shav) and a false oath (sheḳer) are the same; and frequently—תפלת ש׳ a vain prayer, a prayer concerning a thing which cannot be changed. Berachoth 9, 3; and frequently—Shemoth Rabbah section 3 (referring to מתי שוא, Job 11, 11) God knows העם המתים על הש׳ לעשותו the people that risk their lives for falsehood (idolatry) to commit it; העתידים לעשות ש׳ וכ׳ those that will commit falsehood and be put to death.—לַשָּׁ׳ in vain, to no purpose. Kethuboth 62ᵇ, see שָׁמַר. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 3, 74ᵃ bottom of the page, see תַּמְרוּרִים. ↗ original

שׁוֹאֵבָה (שָׁאַב) drawing; בית הש׳ (or supply (understood word) בית) the well from which the water was drawn for libation on the Succoth festival; שמחת בית הש׳ (or supply (understood word) שמחת) the joyous procession to and from the well. Sukkah 5, 1 (50ᵃ) החליל של בית הש׳ (Munich manuscript 2 הַשְּׁאוּבָה, throughout the entire chapter, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 1) the musical performances at the ceremony of the drawing of water. the same place (ibid.) (51ᵃ) כל … שמחת בית הש׳ וכ׳ he that has not witnessed the rejoicing at the ceremony etc., has never seen rejoicing. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, beginning 55ᵃ למח נקרא שמה בית ש׳ וכ׳ why was it called (the rejoicing of) the place of drawing? Because from there they drew holy inspiration; and elsewhere—Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 50ᵇ חד תני ש׳ וחד תני חשובה one cited the version shoëbah, the other, ḥăshubah (a phonetic change of hash-sh’ubah, see above). ↗ original

שואה , Targum I Chronicles 8, 9 בני ש׳, see נַישּׁוּאִין Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original

שַׁיַּאר , see sub שׁוּו׳. ↗ original

שׁוּב 1 (Biblical Hebrew) to go back, come back. Sotah 10ᵇ כל עובר ושָׁב every passer-by (in going or coming back). Bereshith Rabbah section 48, and frequently העוברים והשָׁבִים the travellers. Vayikra Rabbah section 23 ושָׁבַת נפשו עליו (not עליה) and his soul came back (was restored) to him, i.e. he was reconciled; and frequently—Esp. to return (to God); to repent. Bava Bathra 110ᵃ (play on שׄבׄאׄלׄ I Chronicles 26, 24) ששׄבׄ לאׄלׄ בכל לבו he returned to God with all his heart. Horayoth 2ᵃ (referring to Leviticus 4, 22, and the following) השב … לא שב וכ׳ he who repents when he finds out (his wrong) brings a sacrifice for his error; if he does not repent, he is not permitted to sacrifice. Avoth 2, 10 ושׁוּב יום וכ׳ repent one day before thy death. Shemoth Rabbah section 42 לעולם מקבלים השבים repentant sinners are accepted at all times; and frequently Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֵשִׁיב to bring back, return, restore. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 8, 45ᵃ bottom of the page החומץ מֵשִׁיב את הנפש vinegar restores life, is a refreshing drink. Gittin 51ᵇ, and elsewhere אינו אלא כמשיב … ופטור he is in that case like one who restores a lost object, and therefore is not bound to make oath. the same place (ibid.) לית ליה משיב … פטור he is not of the opinion that he who restores a lost object is exempt from making oath; and frequently to reply; to refute. Avoth 2, 14 ורע מה שתָּשִׁיב וכ׳ that you may know how to answer the sceptic. Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 9, beginning 50ᵃ נכנסו … להָשִׁיב על דבריו וכ׳ four elders met to refute R. Eliezer’s words; Babylonian Gittin 83ᵃ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 9 (7), 1. Yerushalmi (prefix) the passage cited אין אתם מְשִׁיבִים את הארי וכ׳ are you not going to refute the lion after he is dead?; Babylonian the same place (ibid.) the passage cited אין מְשִׁיבִין וכ׳ you dare not refute etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) the passage cited ה׳ ר׳ טרפון R. T. argued etc. (Babylonian the passage cited נענה; Tosefta the passage cited אמר). Shabbath 88ᵇ שומעין … משיבין, see חֶרְפָּה. Bava Kamma 63ᵇ, and elsewhere אין משיבין על הקישא you must not argue against a conclusion from analogy. Avodah Zarah 3, 4 אין משיבין במרחץ we must not answer (a religious question) in the bath-house. Moed Katan 21ᵇ מֵשִׁיב ואינו שואל the mourner may answer (a salutation), but must not salute; שואל ומשיב כדרכו he may salute and answer as usual; and frequently—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 8, 49ᶜ top, in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict. משיב, see תּוּב I.] to go back with a message. Megillah 15ᵃ; Avodah Zarah 10ᵇ אין משיבין על הקלקלה you need not go back (to him that sent you) to bring bad news. Hof. הֻפְעַל הוּשָׁב to be replied; to refer. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 2, 3ᵃ top על הראשונה הוּשָׁבָה the modification in the Mishnah (במה דברים אמורים) refers to the first clause only; על כולה הושבה it refers to the whole paragraph. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 2, 65ᵃ top; and elsewhere ↗ original

שׁוּב 2 adverb again, furthermore. Niddah 5, 7 ש׳ אין וכ׳ her father has no longer control over her. Shabbath 88ᵇ, and the following ש׳ מה כתיב furthermore, what is written in it?; and frequently ↗ original

שׁוֹבָא captor, see שָׁבֵי. ↗ original

שׁוּבָּא , see שַׁב 2 ↗ original

שובדא , Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 1, 33ᵇ לוי ש׳, see סוֹכָיָא ↗ original

שׁוּבָּה , see שַׁב 2 ↗ original

שׁוּבְטָא , see שְׁבַט ↗ original

שׁוֹבַךְ (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Shobach, an Ammonite general. Sotah 8, 1 בני … של ש׳ the Ammonites went into battle relying on the strength of Sh. the same place (ibid.) 42ᵇ כתיב ש׳ וכתיב שופך the name is once written Shobach (2 Samuel 10, 16), and once Shophach (I Chronicles 19, 16); חד אמר … עשוי כשׁוֹבָךְ one authority says, his real name was Shophach, and he was called Shobach, because he was built like a dove-cote (of high stature, see next word), see שָׁפַךְ. ↗ original

שׁוֹבָךְ (שבך; compare שְׂבָכָה) net-work, especially (Biblical Hebrew אֲרֻבָּה) dove-cote. Shemoth Rabbah section 40 (play on שׄוׄבׄלׄ, I Chronicles 4, 1, and the following) ושובל שהעמיד שׄובׄךׄ לאֹלהים (not ושובך) Bezalel was surnamed Shobal because he erected a dove-cote for God, זה המשכן שהיה עומד כש׳ that is the Tabernacle, which stood (high) like a dove-cote. the same place (ibid.) העמיד … כש׳ the Lord had the Tabernacle put up like a dove-cote (for the dove Israel). Bava Bathra 2, 5 מרחיקין … מן הש׳ וכ׳ you must keep your ladder (when lopping trees etc.) four cubits away from your neighbor’s dove-cote. the same place (ibid.) מרחיקין את הש׳ וֹכ׳ you must keep your dove-cotes at a distance of fifty cubits from the town. the same place (ibid.) 6 הרי הוא של בעל הש׳ it belongs to the owner of the nearest dove-cote. the same place (ibid.) 5, 3 פירות ש׳ the crop of a dove-cote (the brood of the season); and frequently—plural שׁוֹבָכוֹת, שׁוֹבָכִין. the same place (ibid.) 2, 6. Bava Kamma 83ᵃ ישוב ש׳ a group of dove-cotes; and elsewhere—Pesachim 4, 7 (55ᵇ) מושיבין ש׳ לתרנגולים וכ׳ (Oxford manuscript לתרנגולת) you may set up chicken-houses (put in eggs for brooding) on the fourteenth of Nisan; [version quoted in Rashi: מושיבין ש׳ ותרנגולת you may set brooding doves in cotes, and also hens]. ↗ original

שׁוֹבְכָא Targum Hosea 11, 11. Targum Jeremiah 48, 28.—Bava Bathra 144 ש׳ דיוני dove-cote.—plural שׁוֹבְכַיָּא, שׁוֹבְכִין. Targum Isaiah 60, 8. ↗ original

שׁוֹבָל (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Shobal, homiletical surname of Bezalel. Shemoth Rabbah section 40, section שׁוֹבָךְ. ↗ original

שׁוּבָּל , plural שׁוּבָּלִין, see שִׁיבּוֹלֶת. ↗ original

שׁוֹבַל = Hebrew שִׁיבּוֹלֶת, ear of corn. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 41, 47 (edition Vienna edition תובלא). Targum Job 24, 24 manuscript (edition שִׁבּוֹלָא, שִׁיבּ׳).—plural שׁוּבְּלַיָּא, שׁוּבְּלִין, שׁוּבְּלֵי, שׁוּבְ׳. Targum Onkelos Genesis 41, 5, and the following edition Berlin edition (other edition שֻׁבְּ׳). Targum Isaiah 17, 5 שׁוּבְ׳; and elsewhere—Targum Ruth 2, 2 שִׁבּוֹלִין.—Bava Bathra 124ᵃ; Bechoroth 52ᵇ, see חֲפוּרָה 2. Yevamoth 63ᵃ לביני שִׁיבְּלֵי between the standing ears; and elsewhere—Menachoth 70ᵇ שִׁבּוֹלֵו תעלא; Pesachim 35ᵃ Oxford manuscript (edition שבילי), see שִׁיבּוֹלֶת. cluster of olives on a branch.—plural as ab. Targum Zechariah 4, 12; Targum 2 Esther 1, 2 שִׁבְּלִין דדהבא golden clusters.—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Exodus 30, 34, see מוֹרַיָּיא. ↗ original

שׁוּבְלִילְתָּא , see שַׁבְלוּלִיתָא ↗ original

שׁוּבַּלְתָּא = Hebrew שִׁבּוֹלֶת, current of a river. Targum Judges 12, 6 אימר כען ש׳ ואמר סוּבַּלְתָּא say now, shubbalta, and he said, subbalta.—Vayikra Rabbah section 37 אחדת להון שב׳ דנהרא (not יהב) the current of the river seized and carried them off. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 4 סוּבַּלְתָּא, see קְלַף. ↗ original

שׂוֹבַע plenty, satiation. Berachoth 55ᵃ שלשה דברים … רעב וש׳ וכ׳ three things does the Lord himself announce: famine, plenty, and a good leader. Tosefta Pesachim 5, 3 חגיגה … פסח נאכל בש׳ (variant reading על הש׳) the pilgrim’s sacrifice … must be eaten first, so that the Passover offering be eaten after the appetite is satisfied; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 6, 33ᶜ לָשׂבַע; Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 70ᵃ על השבע. Bereshith Rabbah section 91 שני השָ׳ the years of plenty. Sanhedrin 97ᵃ ש׳ ואינו ש׳ plenty and no plenty (partial plenty); ש׳ גדול general plenty; and frequently ↗ original

שׂוֹבַע ² Targum Onkelos Genesis 41, 29; and frequently, see סִבְעָא.—Taanith 8ᵇ כי יהיב רחמנא ש׳ וכ׳ when the Lord gives plenty, he gives it for life (no epidemic in years of plenty); and elsewhere ↗ original

שׁוֹבַע , see שְׁבַע I ↗ original

שׂוּבְעָנָא masculine = שׁוֹבַע, see סִבְעָא ↗ original

שׂוֹבַר to carry, see סְבַר 2. ↗ original

שׁוֹבֵר (שָׁבַר 1; compare פָּרַע) receipt, renunciation. Bava Metzia 19ᵇ מצא ש׳ if one finds a receipt (of a woman concerning her jointure). the same place (ibid.) 20ᵃ ש׳ בזמנו טריף a deed of renunciation takes effect from its date (irrespective of the date of delivery). Kethuboth 9, 9 אבר שׁוֹבְרִי I lost my receipt; and frequently—plural שׁוֹבְרִים, שׁוֹבְרִין. Moed Katan 3, 3; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 82ᵃ bottom of the page, see אוֹמוֹלוֹגְיָיא. Bava Metzia 1, 7; and frequently ↗ original

שׁוּבְּתָא , see שַׁבְּתָא ↗ original

שׁוּבְּתַי , see שַׁבְּתַאי ↗ original

שׁוּדָא (contracted of שׁוּחֲדָא which see) adjudication, discretionary judgment. Gittin 14ᵇ וכאן אמרו ש׳ עדיף and here (in Babylonia) they say, it is better that the messenger use his discretion (to deliver the gift to the heir of the legatee or return it to the donor’s heirs). Kethuboth 94ᵃ ש׳ דדייני the judges use their discretion (to which of the claimants to adjudicate the claim). the same place (ibid.) 85ᵇ. Bava Bathra 62ᵇ; and frequently—[In Yerushalmi (prefix) שׁוּחֲדָא.] ↗ original

שׂוּדָנִי ) masculine (denominative of שָׂדֶה) man of the field, sportsman; in a transferred sense catching men by artifice, hypocrite. Bereshith Rabbah section 63 (referring to Genesis 25, 27) ש׳ צידני צד וכ׳ a sportsman, a hunter, catching etc., see צוּד; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 110 צדני צודני (correct accordingly). ↗ original

שׁוּדְּפָנָא , see שִׁדְּפוֹנָא ↗ original

שָׁוָה , see שוי ↗ original

שָׁוֶה (שָׁוָה) joined, even; fitting, equal; equivalent, worth. Sukkah 19ᵃ נראה מבחוץ וש׳ מבפנים if the post is visible from the outside, but even with the wall from within. Bamidbar Rabbah section 9³ הוי ש׳ לבני אדם be like other men (do not consider thyself exempt from the laws of morality). Bava Kamma 3, 9 שור ש׳ מנה וכ׳ an ox worth a Maneh that gored an ox worth two hundred Zuz. the same place (ibid.) 1, 3 שום כסף וש׳ כסף valuation of damages is done on the basis of money, and collected from money’s worth; the same place (ibid.) 14ᵇ ש׳ כסף מלמד וכ׳ ‘money’s worth’, this means that the court attaches only landed estate (see אַחֲרָיוּת), but if the claimant anticipating the action of the court seized movable chattel etc.; מאי משמע … דבר הש׳ כל כסף how is this to be learned from the expression ‘money’s worth’?… A thing which is worth any money (which you pay for it, i.e. concerning which there is no redress for overreaching); the same place (ibid.) (another defin.) ש׳ כסף ולא כסף ‘money’s worth’ you may attach, but not cash.—ש׳ פרוטה, see פְּרוּטָה. Bikkurim 2, 6 ש׳ לאילן is like (comes under the category of) trees. the same place (ibid.) 8, and the following; and very frequently—גזרה ש׳, see גְּזֵרָה.—הצד הש׳, see צַד.—Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 16 ש׳ לי המות משתתנני וכ׳ death would have been more acceptable to me than thy giving me away to this man, i.e. I should have chosen death rather than be married to this man.—plural שָׁוִים; שָׁוִין; שָׁוִו׳; שָׁווֹֹת. Yoma 6, 1 מצותן שיהיו שניהן ש׳ וכ׳ it is proper that they two be alike in appearance etc. Betzah 11ᵃ, and frequently וש׳ וכ׳ both agree that etc. Pesachim 3, 4; and frequently—Bava Bathra 9, 10 (158ᵇ), and elsewhere את הש׳ that on which they agree, see חָלַק.—בַּשָּׁוֶה a) at equal shares. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 10, 33ᵈ bottom of the page חולקות בש׳ divide it equally; and frequently—b) for what it is worth, at a reasonable price. Sanhedrin 106ᵃ, see שְׁוִי Hebrew ↗ original

שָׁוֵה ; בש׳ on equal terms. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 18, 8 (edition Vienna edition בְּשָׁוֶה). ↗ original

שְׁוַהּ , see שְׁוַוח ↗ original

שְׁוָה , Targum Habakkuk 1, 5 שְׁוָהוּ, see שְׁהֵי ↗ original

שַׁיַּואר , see שְׁוַור, שַׁוָּור. ↗ original

שְׁוַוח 1 (compare שבח) to spread, germinate. Targum Proverbs 27, 25 edition Lagarde edition (some edition שוות, correct accordingly; edition Vilna edition שבח; Hebrew text גלה). ↗ original

שְׁוַוח = Hebrew שׁוּחַ, to bend, be lowered, sink. Targum Psalms 10, 10 יִשְׁוַוח manuscript (edition יְשׁוּחַ). Targum Job 22, 29 manuscript (edition שַׁוַּוח, which see).—5. שׁוּחַ Chaldaic (Aramaic) to lower, level, destroy. Targum Psalms 74, 3 למִשְׁוַוח edition Lagarde edition (edition למשווק, למשוק, correct accordingly; Levita למִשְׁוָה, Hebrew text למשאות). ↗ original

שְׁוַוח ² (the preceding) pit. Targum Psalms 7, 16 manuscript (edition שׁוּחַ). ↗ original

שַׁוַּוח (the preceding) low-spirited, worrying. Targum Job 22, 29 ש׳ בסורחנא troubled on account of sin (manuscript שְׁוַוח בעיני בירייתא low in the sight of men; Hebrew text שח עינים). ↗ original

שְׁוָוחָא (the preceding words) pit, grave. Targum Job 33, 22; 24 (manuscript שחוו׳; edition Vilna edition שׁוּחֲ׳). Targum Psalms 9, 16 (edition Vilna edition שׁוּחֲ׳; some edition שויח׳, read: שוו׳; manuscript שחוו׳).—plural שַׁוְוחָן, שַׁוְחָן. the same place (ibid.) 119, 85 (edition Vilna edition שׁוּחָן; manuscript שְׁיָיחָן; Hebrew text שִׁיחוֹת). destruction, waste. Targum Job 30, 3 manuscript (edition שׁוּחָא). ↗ original

שְׁוָוטָא , see שׁוֹטָא ↗ original

שווי , see שוי, שַׁוְי׳. ↗ original

שַׂוְוכָּא (שוך; see שׂוֹכָה, שׂוּכָּא)thorn, prickle.—plural שַׂוְוכֵּי. Sukkah 13ᵃ כיון דנתרן שַׂוְוכַּיְיהוּ וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition דנתרי טרפייהו; Munich manuscript 2 שַׂוְכַּיְיהוּ or שׂוֹכַ׳; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 6) since their prickly twigs are liable to fall off, he may leave the Succah etc. ↗ original

שַׁוְולָאנַאי , see שְׁוִילְנַאי ↗ original

שְׁוַולְיָא , see שְׁוַלְיָא ↗ original

שְׁוָוצְרֵי nag-wort or wormwood, a species of Artemisia (see Löw Low, Aramaische Pflanzennamen, Leipzig 1881, p. 80). Sukkah 12ᵇ ↗ original

שְׁוָוקֵי , see שׁוּקָא 2, שׁוּק 3. ↗ original

שְׁוַור , Pa'el שַׁוַּור, שַׁוַּר to stride, leap, run, hasten. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 17, 8 (edition Vienna edition ושווד, correct accordingly). the same place (ibid.) 32, 19. Targum Song of Songs 2, 8. Targum Job 37, 1 variant reading Targum Amos 3, 5 edition Lagarde edition (other edition יִסַּק); and frequently—Bava Metzia 84ᵃ וש׳ לירדנא וכ׳ he ran into the Jordan after him. Bava Bathra 73ᵇ ושַׁוַּאר מהאי וכ׳ (Manuscript Hamburg ושוור) and jumped from one mule’s back to the other. the same place (ibid.) 96ᵇ חמרא … שואר wine travels on its owner’s shoulder, i.e. if wine turns sour, it is the purchaser’s bad luck, and the seller is not responsible; other opinion (Tosafoth) wine turns sour by transport. Berachoth 54ᵇ ש׳ עשר אמין he (Moses) jumped ten cubits high. Shabbath 110ᵃ לִישַׁוַּאר נגרא (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) לשוור) let him jump over a ditch. Pesachim 113ᵃ לא תְשַׁוַּור וכ׳, see נִיגְרָא; and elsewhere to cause to jump etc. Targum Psalms 29, 6 (manuscript טפז׳).). (compare meanings of קפץ) to close up. the same place (ibid.) 107, 42 (manuscript שרור׳, correct accordingly; Hebrew text קפצה). ↗ original

שַׁוָּור (the preceding) tramper, freebooter. Sanhedrin 96ᵇ ש׳ בר שוורא שַׁוַּור נבוֹזראדן שַׁוַּור דמטא וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition שוור בר שוור נבוזראדן שוור; Munich manuscript שַׁוָּואר׳ בר שוואר נבוז׳ שואר) tramper, son of a tramper, jump, Nebuzraddan, jump (to Jerusalem), for the time has come etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 810 שַׁוַּאר בן שַׁוָּאר מטא וכ׳ jump, thou son of a tramper etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Kings 251 שואר בר שואר נבוכדנצר מטא וכ׳. ↗ original

שְׁוָורִים , plural of שׁוֹר. ↗ original

שוות , Targum Proverbs 27, 25 some edition, see שְׁוַוח I. ↗ original

שׂוּחַ , see סוּחַ ↗ original

שׁוּחַ 1 (Biblical Hebrew) to bend, sink. Chullin 27ᵃ ממקום ששָׁח וכ׳, see חָטָא I. the same place (ibid.) שח … והוא שח ועומד הוא ‘where it bends’ implies (that the limb which is to be cut) must be erect (when in its natural condition), but this (the tail) is always hanging down. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, 65ᶜ top צריך לָשׁוּחַ בכולן (or לָשׁוֹחַ frequently שחח) he must bend down with all of them (the eighteen vertebræ). Berachoth 34ᵃ, see שָׁחָה. Avoth 5, 21 בן תשעים לָשׁוּחַ at ninety years (is the time) for being bent (perh. meant as noun לַשּׁוּחַ). Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 48 לבו שח עליו his heart within him is bent (in grief over his sin); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 755 סח (correct accordingly); and frequently Hithpol. הִשְׁתּוֹחֵחַ to be bent down, depressed. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 42 אני מתקנאה ומִשְׁתּוֹחַחַת וכ׳ I am jealous and desperate, when I see the happiness of the nations etc. ↗ original

שׁוּחַ , see שְׁוַוח 2.—participle שָׁיֵחַ; feminine שָׁיְחָא, שָׁיְי׳ (שִׁיחָא); plural שָׁיְחָן, שָׁיְי׳; Targum Psalms 44, 26 (edition Vilna edition שִׁי׳). Targum Job 9, 13; and elsewhere—Shabbath 67ᵃ (in an incantation for a swallowed fish-bone) שִׁיחַ שִׁיחַ (or שְׁיַח) Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition שְׁיֵיא) sink down, sink down! ↗ original

שׁוּחַ 2 (the preceding) bending. Avoth 5, 21, see שׁוּחַ I.—בנות ש׳ a species of white figs. Demai 1, 1; and elsewhere, see בַּת I. ↗ original

שׁוּחָא , see שְׁוָוחָא ↗ original

שׁוֹחַד ; Shaf. of חד(א) or יחד to conciliate, win favor) favor, gift, especially bribe, bribery. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 17, 2 כתבת בתורה … ליקח ש׳ … אבל אתה שאתה נוטל ש׳ מן הרשעים וכ׳ thou hast written in the Law (Exodus 23, 8), ‘thou shalt take no bribe’, and they (men) are afraid to take presents and judge me, but thou who acceptest means of conciliation from sinners, such as repentance, good deeds, and prayer: let thy judgment go forth from before thee. Kethuboth 105ᵇ (referring to Exodus the passage cited) אינו … ש׳ ממון אלא אפי׳ ש׳ דברים וכ׳ not only a bribe in the shape of money, but even a bribe in acts (service) is forbidden. the same place (ibid.)ᵃ כמה סמויות … מקבלי ש׳, see סָמָה. the same place (ibid.)ᵇ שׄוחׄדׄ שׄהוא חׄדׄ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אחׄדׄ) why is it called shoḥad? Because it is one (the recipient and the giver are made like one person); and frequently ↗ original

שׁוֹחֲדָא same. Targum I Kings 15, 19. Targum Exodus 23, 8. Targum Psalms 15, 5; and frequently—Kethuboth 105ᵇ מאי טעמא דש׳ כיון דקביל ליה ש׳ וכ׳ why is a gift (to the judge) forbidden? As soon as he accepts a gift from a person, his mind has become attached to him (the giver, see קְרַב), and he becomes like his own self, and none can see the unfavorable side of his own case (see the preceding); and elsewhere singling out, choice, discretion. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 10, 33ᵈ bottom of the page; 34ᵃ top ש׳ דדייני the judges single out him to whom to adjudicate the claim in litigation; see שׁוּדָא. ↗ original

שׁוּחָה , see שְׁוָוחָא) pit, pitfall. Sifré Deuteronomy 20 אם כשהייתם … וש׳ וכ׳ (see Jeremiah 2, 6) when you were in the land of deserts and pitfalls you wanted no spies, and now etc. low talk, whisper, see שִׁיחָה. ↗ original

שׁוּחָה ² , pit. Targum Psalms 94, 13 (manuscript שַׁחֲתָא). ↗ original

שוחי , Yalkut Shimoni Ezekiel 381. see סֵיחוּי ↗ original

שׁוֹחֲנָא , see שִׁחְנָא ↗ original

שׁוּחֲתָא , see שְׁוָוחָא ↗ original

שׁוּט 1 (Biblical Hebrew) [to swing, be light, move to and fro; see שׁוֹט 2,] to roam, fly, float, swim. Moed Katan 14ᵃ לָשׁוּט if he goes abroad to roam (for mere pleasure), opposite למזונות for support, להרויחא for profit in business. Bava Bathra 15ᵇ (Satan says) שַׁטְתִּי בכל וכ׳ I roamed all over the world, but have found none so faithful as etc. Betzah 5, 2 (36ᵇ) לא שָׁטִין על פני המים you must not float on the water (swim on the Sabbath). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 6, 50ᵃ top (referring to Ezekiel 47, 5) כי גאו המים מי שחו מִלָּשׁוּט (omit מהו מי שחו, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage), p. 55) the waters were risen … too high for swimming; and elsewhere—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 8, end, 11ᵈ בששטן, read: בששטפן, see שָׁטַף.] Pol. שׁוֹטֵט same. Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 101 עד שהיתה קומתו מְשׁוֹטֶטֶת בדמעות until his body swam in tears. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֵשִׁיט to cause to swim, teach swimming. Kiddushin 30ᵇ אף לַהֲשִׁיטוֹ בנהר a father is also bound to have his son taught swimming; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 11; Koheleth Rabbah to 9, 9 להושיטו (correct accordingly). ↗ original

שׁוּט , to roam, fly, swim, row. Targum Lamentations 3, 54 (Hebrew text צפו); and elsewhere—participle שָׁיט, שָׁיֵיט; feminine שָׁיְיטָא; plural שָׁיְיטִין; שָׁיְיטָן. Targum Onkelos Numbers 11, 8 שָׁיְטִין (edition Berlin edition נפקין). Targum Jonah 1, 13; and elsewhere—Bava Kamma 83ᵃ מֵישַׁט שייטא טובא וכ׳ (a dove) flies (for exercise) farther out, but fills her belly within fifty cubits (from the dove-cote). the same place (ibid.) ומישט שלשים וכ׳ for exercise do they fly thirty Rises only and no more? Sotah 48ᵇ (transl. Deuteronomy 1, 44) כמא דנתזין דבריאתא ושייטן ברומי וכ׳ as bees rush forth and fly about on the heights of the world, and bring honey from the herbs of the mountains; and elsewhere Pol. שׁוֹטֵט (with עינא) to look up and down. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 22, 10. ↗ original

שׁוּט 2 [to make light of (compare קָלַל,] to despise, reject. Tanchuma Sh’moth 1 ושָׁט את הבכורה and despised the birthright; (Shemoth Rabbah section 1 וביזה). ↗ original

שׁוּט ² Targum Genesis 25, 34. Targum I Samuel 10, 27. the same place (ibid.) 17, 42 שַׁטְיֵה (frequently שטי). Targum Proverbs 1, 25 ושַׁטְתּוּן manuscript (edition ושניתון); and frequently—participle שָׁט, שָׁאֵט, שָׁיֵיט, שָׁיֵט; feminine שָׁיְיטָא; plural שָׁיְיטִין. the same place (ibid.) 11, 12. the same place (ibid.) 23, 9 (edition Vilna edition שְׁיֵט, correct accordingly). the same place (ibid.) 1, 7; and frequently—participle passive שִׁיט, שָׁט. Targum I Kings 16, 31 (Hebrew text נקל). Targum I Samuel 15, 9 (Hebrew text נמבזה). Targum Psalms 15, 4 (Hebrew text נבזה); and frequently Af'el הִפְעִיל אָשֵׁיט same. Targum 2 Samuel 12, 10. Targum Proverbs 15, 20. the same place (ibid.) 19, 16 (edition Lagarde edition מוֹשִׁיט, compare מוקים frequently קום); and elsewhere Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְשָׁט to be despised. Targum I Samuel 2, 30 יִתְשָׁטוּן (edition Lagarde edition יִשְׁתָּטוּן, variant reading ישטתון, probably meant for יתשט׳; Hebrew text יקלו). ↗ original

*שׁוּט 3 (seeשׁוּט I) [to move in all directions,] to strike, smear over, polish with a fatty substance. Pesachim 30ᵇ אין שָׁטִין … ואם שָׁט Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Munich manuscript 2 (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 7; edition טָשִׁין … טָשׁ), see טוּשׁ I; Zevachim 95ᵇ Munich manuscript (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). Betzah 34ᵃ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition טשין). ↗ original

שׁוּט ³ Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 28, 40 תשוטון (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) תטושון). ↗ original

שׁוֹט Shoṭ-Mishoṭ, Samosata, one of the fords of the Euphrates (see Neubauer Geographie du Talmud, Paris 1868 p. 331, a. Sm. Dictionary of Gr. a. Rom. Geogr. under the word Euphrates). Kiddushin 72ᵃ ש׳ מ׳ בין וכ׳ Samosata is situated between the rivers (Euphrates and Tigris). ↗ original

שׁוֹט 2 rod, scourge. Mechilta Beshallach, Amalek, section 2 כך מדה … ש׳ שישראל לוקין וכ׳ such is the rule going through all generations, the scourge (nation) with which the Israelites are smitten, will finally be smitten; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 265. ↗ original

שׁוֹטָא Targum Proverbs 26, 3 שַׁוְטָא manuscript (edition שְׁוָ׳, שְׁוָו׳). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 22, 27; and elsewhere—Moed Katan 28ᵃ bottom of the page אחוי ליה ש׳ דנורא he (the angel of death) showed him a rod of fire.—plural שׁוֹטִין, שׁוֹטֵי. Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Joḥ. 1) דנקטין לי בשתין ש׳ וכ׳ they urged me (the sun) on with sixty rods of fire and said to me, go, let thy light shine. Kethuboth 77ᵃ הא במילי הא בש׳ the one means force with words, the other, with rods. ↗ original

שׁוֹטֶה (שָׁטָה) madman, fool; (of plants) wild. Chullin 1, 1, and frequently חרש ש׳ וקטן a deaf and dumb person, an insane person, and a minor. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 1, 40ᵇ סימני ש׳ וכ׳ the symptoms of insanity. Tosefta Terumoth 1, 3 פעמים ש׳, see חָלַם I. Yoma 8, 6 כלב ש׳ a mad dog. Avoth 4, 7 ש׳ רשע וכ׳ is a fool, a wicked man etc. Sotah 3, 4 חסיד ש׳ a foolish saint; the same place (ibid.) 21ᵇ היכי דמי חסיד ש׳ וכ׳ what is meant by a foolish saint? When, for instance, a woman is drowning in the river, and he says, it is not becoming to look at her and save her. Shevi'ith 7, 1, and the following, see לוֹף; and very frequently—בכור ש׳, see בּוּכְרָא I.—plural שׁוֹטִים, שׁוֹטִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth the passage cited אפי׳ שוטה בש׳ וכ׳ not even the most insane person will do that. Avodah Zarah 4, 7 יאבד עולמו מפני הש׳ shall God destroy his world on account of the fools (who worship natural objects)? the same place (ibid.) 54ᵇ וש׳ שקלקלו וכ׳ and the fools that do mischief must pay the penalty. Bava Bathra 12ᵇ מיום שחרב … ונתנה לש׳ וכ׳ since the destruction of the Temple, prophecy has been taken away from the prophets and given to madmen and children; and frequently—Shevi'ith 9, 1; Sukkah 39ᵇ, see יַרְבּוּז, a. שׁוֹטִים.—Fem. שׁוֹטָה. Nedarim 35ᵇ בין פיקחת בין ש׳ whether sane or insane. the same place (ibid.) 36ᵃ; and elsewhere ↗ original

שׂוֹטָה , see סוֹטָּה ↗ original

שוטח , Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 2, 62ᵈ ש׳ של שיער, see שִׁיטָּה 3 ↗ original

שׁוֹטְיָא , see שׁוֹטִיתָא ↗ original

שׁוֹטִים supposed to be the name of a plant, fenugreek. Shevi'ith 9, 1; Sukkah 39ᵇ (השיט׳), see, however, ירְבּוּז. ↗ original

שׁוֹטִיתָא (see שׁוֹט 2) staff. Targum I Samuel 14, 27 (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) שׁוֹטְיָא); 43. Targum Judges 6, 21 (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) שוטיא; some edition שולטיתא). branch, twig. Kethuboth 17ᵃ אהנייא ליה שׁוֹטִיתֵיה וכ׳ the myrtle branch (with which he used to dance before bridal couples) was in the old man’s favor (that a phenomenon occurred at his funeral), but some said שְׁטוּתֵיה his folly (see שְׁבִשְׁתָּא); others said שיטתיה, see שִׁיטְּתָא. Shabbath 77ᵇ ש׳ שטותא the myrtle branch used at weddings is called shoṭitha as being sh’ṭutha (folly). ↗ original

שׁוֹטֵיתָא , see שָׁטֵי ↗ original

שׂוֹטְנָא , see סְטַן 2 ↗ original

שׁוֹטֵר see שָׁטַר) [recorder, notary,] executive officer, overseer. Tanchuma Shof’ṭim 2 כיון … אם אין ש׳ שיוציא ממנו וכ׳ when a person has been declared in court bound to pay to his neighbor: unless there is an executor to collect from him, the judge has no power etc. Shemoth Rabbah section 1 הלך נוגש מצרי אצל ש׳ ישראל an Egyptian taskmaster came to the house of an Israelitish overseer. Devarim Rabbah section 5 ולא שופט ולא ש׳ יש לה and it (the ant) has neither judge nor officer; and frequently—plural שׁוֹטְרִים. Shemoth Rabbah the passage cited, see נָגַשׂ. Tanchuma the passage cited (referring to Deuteronomy 16, 18) שופטים … ש׳ אלו פרנסים וכ׳ shof’ṭim are the judges, shoṭ’rim, the managers that lead the community; and frequently ↗ original

שוי (Biblical Hebrew) [to join, combine,] to be even, equal, alike. Moed Katan 9ᵇ (referring to Proverbs 3, 15) כל חפצך … הא חפצי שמים יִשְׁווּ בה all thy affairs are not of equal value with her (the Torah), but heaven’s affairs (pious deeds) are of equal value with her (you may interrupt study for pious works); וכתיב … חפצי שמים לא ישוו בה but it is also written (the same place (ibid.) 8, 11), ‘and all affairs etc.’ (which implies that) even heaven’s affairs are not equal to her! Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 1, 15ᵈ bottom of the page חפציך וחפצי לא ישוו בה I sent thee something with which thy affairs and my affairs cannot compare; and elsewhere—Denom. שָׁוֶה, which see (denominative of שָׁוֶה) a) to be of value. Megillah 15ᵇ (referring to Esther 5, 13) מלמד … כל זה איננו שֹׁוֶה לי this indicates that all that wicked man’s treasures were engraven (registered) in the tablet on his heart, but when he saw Mordecai, he said, ‘all this is of no value to me’.—b) to value, weigh, consider. the same place (ibid.) 16ᵃ (referring to Esther 7, 4) צר זה אינו שוה בנזק וכ׳ this enemy has no consideration for the king’s loss etc. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁוָה to place side by side. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 2ᶜ top זה … צריך להַשְׁווֹת את רגליו he that stands up to pray must set his feet together. to make even, smooth, level. Tosefta Bava Kamma 11, 14 אם עתיד להַשְׁווֹתוֹ וכ׳ if the hatcheller has to make the web even (cut away the protruding threads), he may take even a handbreadth (they belong to him); מַשְׁוֵיהוּ לאורכו וכ׳ he must shear it lengthwise, but not widthwise; Bava Kamma 119ᵇ. Eruvin 93ᵃ ה׳ פצימיה if he made the posts even, i.e. made walls to connect them in one line. Sukkah 19ᵃ כשה׳ את קירויו when he made its ceiling even, i.e. extended it in a horizontal direction over the whole building; and elsewhere to compare, make alike, place on a level standard. Bava Bathra 8, 5 וה׳ להן את חבכור and made the first-born alike with them, i.e. assigned to him an equal share with his brothers. Niddah 46ᵇ ה׳ הכתוב הקטן כגדול וכ׳ the Scriptural text places the minor on a level with the adult as regards the laws of etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 61ᵇ bottom of the page ה׳ הכתוב מצוה … מצוה וכ׳ the Scripture puts the lightest command on a level with the most difficult (as regards reward). Bava Kamma 15ᵃ; and frequently to harmonize, find in harmony. Bereshith Rabbah section 34 שה׳ דעתו לדעת וכ׳ for he found his (Antoninus’) opinion in harmony with the Scriptural intimation; the same place (ibid.) שהִשְׁוָהּ לדעת וכ׳ for he found it in harmony etc. Vayikra Rabbah section 4; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 137 we are the majority עמנו לע"א (עצמיכם) מפני מה אינכם מַשְׁוִים why do you not accommodate yourselves to us with regard to idolatry? the same place (ibid.) ומַשְׁוֶה אתה עמהן and dost thou create harmony among them (thy sons)? עד … להשוות עמך והַשְׁוֵה עם בניך instead of asking me to agree with thee, go and make harmony among thy sons; Vayikra Rabbah the passage cited עד שאתה משוה אותנו לך והשוה את בניך; and elsewhere Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׁוָה to be compared, be equal. Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 244 להִשָּׁווֹת, see נָוָה. Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁוָּה to place. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 119, 9 (referring to Psalms 16, 8, and the following) ובשביל ששִׁוִּיתִי וכ׳ and because I placed the Lord before me continually, therefore my heart rejoices etc.; and elsewhere— [to level obstacles, overcome temptations,] to achieve. Tanchuma Naso 28 (referring to מצליח, Genesis 39, 2) שִׁוִּיתָ מה שלא ש׳ וכ׳ thou hast achieved what Adam could not achieve (to resist temptation), see שְׁוִיָּה. Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִשְׁתַּוֶּה to be made alike; to join. Bamidbar Rabbah section 16²⁰ שאלו לא נִשְׁתַּוּוּ וכ׳ for if they had not joined the spies etc.; Tanchuma edition Buber edition Sh’laḥ 20; (Tanchuma the same place (ibid.) 11 שמעו). ↗ original

שְׁוֵי to be alike.—participle שָׁוֵי, שָׁוֵוי; feminine שַׁוְיָא, שַׁוְו׳; plural שָׁוִין; שׁוְיָין, שָׁוָון. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 16, 8. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 1, 16. Targum Psalms 139, 12; and frequently to be worthy, deserve. Targum 2 Esther 2, 1. to do alike, retaliate. Targum Isaiah 16, 6 (edition Vilna edition שַׁוֵּי, Pa'el). Targum Job 33, 27. to agree. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 82ᵃ bottom of the page לא … לא שָׁוֵינָא ליה I do not like him, I do not agree with him (in age, temper, etc.); Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 1, 19ᵃ bottom of the page לא שווייהנא ליה (read: לא שַׁוְויָיה נא). to be appropriate, fitting. Bava Kamma 60ᵇ; Sanhedrin 39ᵃ, see תְּרֵי 3. Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁוֵּי to level, smooth, spread. Targum Proverbs 7, 16 (Hebrew text רבד, see תַּשְׁוִיתָא). (corresp. to שׂוּם, שִׁית) to place, set; to appoint, make; (with ל־ or כ־) to make alike, compare. Targum Psalms 39, 9. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 19, 14 (O. שׂוּם). Targum Judges 6, 19. Targum Genesis 21, 14. Targum Psalms 81, 6; and frequently—ש׳ לבא על to care for, mind.Targum I Samuel 9, 20; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, beginning 65ᵃ (explained Lamentations 3, 41) נְשַׁוֵּי … לכף ידינן וכ׳ let us make our hearts as even as the palm of our hand (remove all crookedness, compare פָּשַׁט, פְּשַׁט), and then (turn) to God in heaven; Echah Rabbah to the passage cited נְשַׁוֵּוי … לגבי וכ׳. Kiddushin 60ᵃ שַׁוּוּ נפשייהו כי שרגא וכ׳ they (the men who betrothed the same woman successively, to take effect after thirty, twenty, or ten days respectively) placed themselves in the same position as a pile of bricks, where each leaves room for the other. Kethuboth 22ᵃ שַׁוְּויָא לנפשה חתיכה וכ׳ she declared herself a piece of forbidden food (she declared herself a married woman; therefore, she cannot be believed when she afterwards says that she is unmarried); the same place (ibid.) 23ᵇ איהי שַׁוֵּיתָא וכ׳ she herself made herself etc. (and a witness testifying to the contrary cannot affect her status). the same place (ibid.) 3ᵃ, and frequently שַׁוְּיוּהָ רבנן וכ׳, see בְּעִילָה. Chullin 97ᵇ שויוה רבנן כחתיכה וכ׳ the Rabbis declared that it should be considered as if it were a piece of a n’belah (see נְבֵלָה); and very frequently to retaliate, see above. Af'el הִפְעִיל אַשְׁוֵי to compare, consider as. Targum Job 30, 19 (not אֲשַׁוּוּ); and elsewhere—Pesachim 78ᵃ מַשְׁוֵי ליה כטהור (or מְשַׁוֵּי, Pa'el) considers it as clean; and elsewhere to consider, reflect on. Targum Psalms 48, 10 (Hebrew text דמינו). Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּוֵּי, אִשְׁתַּוָּא, Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׁתְּוֵי, אִשְׁתְּוָא to be placed, put. Targum Ezekiel 1, 15; and elsewhere to be compared, be made like. Targum Psalms 49, 13. the same place (ibid.) 89, 7; and elsewhere [to place one’s self in position, compare כּוּן Pi'el a. Hithpa'el,] to be attentive, ready to obey. Targum Isaiah 66, 2; 5 (Hebrew text חרד).—[Targum Isaiah 6, 6 אשתוי Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. edition Lagarde edition, read: אשתדי, see שְׁדֵי.—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 28, 34 משתוין some edition, read: משתטין, see שְׁטֵי.] ↗ original

שְׁוִי (the preceding) equivalent, value. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 28ᵈ top והיתה הזקינה … בשִׁוְויוֹ וכ׳ the elder woman sold him an object for what it was worth, but the young woman said, take it for less; (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 106ᵃ בְּשָׁוֶה); Sifré Numbers 131. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 40ᵃ top מעלה עמו בשִׁוְייוֹ וכ׳ he settles with the gentile partner for what it is worth, and gives half of its value to the priest; Tosefta Bechoroth 2, 1 בשִׁיוְיוֹ. Kethuboth 67ᵃ הכניסה לו … והרי הוא כשוויו (read: בש׳) if the wife brought him (uncoined) gold, it is valued and charged to him for what it is worth (he need not add one third in his marriage contract, as he must do in the case of cash); the same place (ibid.) והרי הן בשִׁוְויֵיהֶן and they are charged to him for their value; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁוִי ² Bava Metzia 52ᵃ, see עָשִׁיק 2 ↗ original

שָׁוְי participle of שְׁוֵי, which see = Hebrew שָׁוֶה, valued, worth. Vayikra Rabbah section 9; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 763, see שׁוּם I Chaldaic (Aramaic) Bava Metzia 7ᵇ שטרא דאית … כמה ש׳ וכ׳ how much is a dated document worth, and how much one without a date? Bava Kamma 85ᵃ, see מַגָּן; and frequently worth its money, cheap. Avodah Zarah 34ᵇ דש׳ חמרא where wine is cheap. ↗ original

שַׁוְיָא (שְׁוֵי) [that which is levelled, smooth,] couch. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 3, 11 (Hebrew text ערש). Targum I Samuel 20, 25 (Hebrew text מושב). Targum I Kings 1, 47 (Hebrew text משכב). Targum Psalms 4, 5 שִׁיוּוּיֵכוֹן edition Lagarde edition a. other (some edition שִׁיוּוּתְכוֹן). the same place (ibid.) 6, 7; and elsewhere—plural שִׁוְיִין, שִׁוּוּיִין, שִׁי׳. Targum Job 17, 13.—5. תַּשְׁוִויתָא. ↗ original

שְׁוִיאוּ (see שְׁוִי) reasonable price. Targum 2 Esther 3, 8, see עוּשְׁקָא. ↗ original

*שְׁוִיָּה (see שָׁוָהPi'el levelling, overcoming difficulties, achievement. Tanchuma Naso 28; edition Buber edition 32 (referring to מצליח, Genesis 39, 2) אין מצליח אלא ש׳ וכ׳ the root צלח means levelling, as we read (2 Samuel 19, 18) וצלחו וכ׳ they ‘cut through’ the Jordan. ↗ original

שַׁוְיוּתָא , Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 28, 28, read: שַׁטְיוּתָא. ↗ original

שויחתא , see שְׁוָוחָא ↗ original

שְׁוִילְיָא , see שְׁוַולְיָא ↗ original

שְׁוִילְנַאי Sh’vilnay, colloquial name for a lewd woman. Sanhedrin 82ᵇ (referring to Numbers 25, 15) לא כזבי שמה אלא ש׳ (Munich manuscript שוולאנאי Manuscript Karlsruhe שוולנאי; Manuscript Florence שולנאי, שלני) her name was not Cozbi but Sh.; והיינו דאמרי … ש׳ מאי בעיא thence arose the proverb, ‘between etc.’, see אוּרְבָּנָא; Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 772 שְׁוַלְנַאי. ↗ original

שְׁוִיסְקְאֵל Sh’visḳ’el, a nickname for Ezekiel (see next word). Kiddushin 70ᵃ ↗ original

שְׁוִיסְקֵי (Persian, see Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) Aruch Completum (Kohut) under the word) roast. Pesachim 96ᵃ (of the emurim (see אֵימוּרִים) of the Passover sacrifice in Egypt) מאן לימא לן דלא עבדינהו ש׳ (ש׳ עבוד …) who tells us that they did not make a roast of them (and eat them)?—[Bava Metzia 60ᵃ, Alfasi manuscript, see שִׁיסְקִי.] ↗ original

שַׁוִּירֵי plural n. plural (compare שְׁיָירָא) Shavviré (Caravan Station). Bava Metzia 18ᵃ a letter of divorce was found in which was written, בש׳ מתא וכ׳ at Sh. (which is) a place on the river (or canal) Rakhis. the same place (ibid.)ᵇ top חיישינן לשני ש׳ we must apprehend the existence of two places by the name of Sh. ↗ original

שויתיתאה , Targum Psalms 24, 2 edition Lagarde edition, see שִׁיתְאָסָא ↗ original

שׂוֹךְ , see סוֹךְ ↗ original

שׁוֹךְ to be connected, attached. Bava Metzia 98ᵇ מישַׁךְ, see שָׁיֵיךְ. ↗ original

שׂוּכָּא (שכך, see סכך) prickly bark. Shabbath 20ᵇ (explained לכש, the same place (ibid.) 2, 1) ש׳ דארזא the bark of a cedar tree. the same place (ibid.) ש׳ דארזא עץ וכ׳ but the bark of cedar is mere wood (and cannot be used as a wick)! Answ. בעמרניתא וכ׳, see עַמְרָנִיתָא.—5. שַׂוְוכָּא. ↗ original

שׁוּכְבְּתָא , see שִׁכְבְּתָא ↗ original

שׂוֹכָה , see סוֹכָה ↗ original

שׁוֹכְחָן (שָׁכַח) forgetful. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 1, 16ᵇ bottom of the page [read:] הקב"ה אין לפניו שכחה הא בשביל ישראל נעשה ש׳ וכ׳ there is no forgetting before the Lord, but for Israel’s sake he becomes forgetful, for we read (Micah 7, 18, reading נֹשִׁא, see נָשָׁה) ‘forgetting iniquity etc.’; Yalkut Shimoni Micah 559 שַׁכְחָן. ↗ original

שׂוּכְלָא , see סִכְלָא ↗ original

שׂוּכְלְתָן , see סוּכְלְתָן ↗ original

שׁוּכְתָּא (Shaf. of נְכַת; see שתך) corrosion, rust (compare Lat. morsus). Shabbath 65ᵃ אלא משום ש׳ וכ׳ but (if a coin is chosen to be put on a callus on the sole of the foot) on account of the corrosion (which softens the callus), let a metal foil be used! ↗ original

שׁוּל , Hithpol. הִשְׁתּוֹלֵל, see שָׁלַל 2. ↗ original

שׁוּל ² , a. Arab. savila) [that which hangs on, attachment,];du. שׁוּלַיִם, plural שׁוּלִים skirts of a garment. Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 829 פעמונים … שׁוּלֵי המעיל the bells which the high priest wore on the skirts of his cloak. lower part of the body, abdomen, buttock; contradistinguished to פה. Oholoth 11, 7 שהטומאה … שׁוּלָיו for the uncleanness (which the animal swallowed before it died) is assumed to take its way by its abdomen (and not through its mouth). rim at the bottom of a vessel, saucer attached to the vessel; in gen. the bottom, rest of a vessel. Kelim 30, 1 שולי קערה וכ׳ the lower part of a (broken) vesssel or of a salver of glass, which one made available for use. Shabbath 30ᵃ נהפכו פני … כשולי קדרה the faces of David’s enemies turned (black) like the bottom of a pot; Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 77ᵈ, see שָׁחַר 2. Oholoth 9, 13 היתה עומדת על שׁוּלֶיהָ והיא כלי if the vessel stands on its rest, and it is available as a vessel (not defective). Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 10, 3 היו שׁוּלָיו חדין וכ׳ if its rim at the bottom is sharp (not rounded), and there is not a handbreadth between its rim and the ground. the same place (ibid.) 2 עמוד … שוליה של זו על פיה וכ׳ a column of pots …, the bottom of one on the mouth of the other etc. Demai 7, 2 מה … בשולי הכוס what I intend to leave (of the wine) at the bottom of the cup; and very frequently ↗ original

שׁוֹלָּא , plural שׁוֹלַּיָּא, see שׁוֹלְלָא. ↗ original

שׁוּלְגָּא , see אַשְׁלְגָא ↗ original

שׁוּלְחָן , see Ges. Thes. edition Rödiger under the word) plate, table. Avodah Zarah 68ᵇ, and frequently עולה על ש׳ של מלכים is brought up on the royal table (is considered a delicacy). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 4, beginning 65ᵇ גירי שׁוּלְחַן מלכים proselytes who joined for the sake of the royal table (to be members of the royal household); Yevamoth 24ᵇ, see שׁוּם 2. Avoth 3, 3 שלשה שאכלו על ש׳ אחד … משֻׁלְחָנוֹ של מקום when three persons eat at the same table, and hold conversation about the Law, they are considered as if eating from the table of the Lord (the altar), opposite זבחי מתים. Berachoth 55ᵃ; Chagigah 27ᵃ שלחנו של אדם וכ׳, see כָּפַר. Betzah 20ᵇ שלא יהא שׁוּלְחָנְךָ מלא וכ׳ lest thy own table be full, and thy Master’s table (the altar) be empty. Kiddushin 3, 2 ואם הראה על הש׳ וכ׳ but if (he is a banker and) shows her the stipulated amount on the table (the money not being his own), she is not betrothed; and frequently—Esp. the table for the show-bread in the Temple. Chagigah 3, 8. Menachoth 11, 5; and frequently—plural שׁוּלְחָנוֹת, שֻׁלְ׳. the same place (ibid.) 7. Shekalim 6, 4 שלשה עשר ש׳ וכ׳ there were thirteen tables in the Temple. the same place (ibid.) 1, 3 בחמשה עשר בו ש׳ היו יושבין וכ׳ on the fifteenth of Adar changing tables were put up in the city, on the twenty-fifth, in the Temple; and frequently ↗ original

שׁוּלְחָנִי (the preceding; compare τραπεζίτης) money-changer, banker. Tosefta Shabbath 1, 8 ולא הש׳ בדינר וכ׳ nor must the money-changer (go out shortly before the Sabbath begins) with a Denar suspended from his ear; Shabbath 11ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3ᵇ top of the page Bamidbar Rabbah section 4 (interchanging with טרפסיטס), see קָטָבְלִימָטִין. Tanchuma Balak 4; Bamidbar Rabbah section 20 (referring to פתורה, Numbers 22, 5, see פָּתוֹרָא I) ש׳ היה שהיו וכ׳ (כ) he was (like) a banker, for the kings of the nations consulted him etc., see רָצַץ; and frequently—plural שׁוּלְחָנִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 1, end, 46ᵇ ש׳ היו נוטלין וכ׳ the money-changers took it (the agio of exchange) for their labors. ↗ original

שׁוּלְטָן , see שִׁלְטוֹן Hebrew ↗ original

שׁוּלְטַן (the preceding) power, office, rulership. Targum Onkelos Genesis 37, 8. the same place (ibid.) 49, 10 (edition Vienna edition שֳׁלְטַן). Targum Micah 5, 1. Targum Job 25, 2; and elsewhere ruler’s staff, rod. Targum Onkelos Exodus 21, 20 (edition Vienna edition שֳׁלְ׳; Hebrew text שבט). Targum Isaiah 10, 5; and elsewhere— ruler. Targum Psalms 69, 16 manuscript (edition מצולתא) [read:] ולא יסלעם למחפי עלי מצולתא ש׳ חסין and may no mighty ruler swallow me up by making the deep to cover me up; Hebrew ואל תבלעני מצולה). ↗ original

שׁוּלְטָנוּת (the preceding) rulership, office. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, beginning 42ᵇ אם … שהן של ש׳ if it is sure that they (the images) represent officers, opposite של מלכים royal images (which are worshipped). Bereshith Rabbah section 68, end (referring to Genesis 28, 12) אלו שרי … ששָׁלְטְנוּתָן גומרת בהן that means the genii of the four empires whose power is complete through them (?).—plural שׁוּלְטָנִיּוֹת, שָׁלְ׳. Bereshith Rabbah section 82 היו מלכיות וש׳ רוצות וכ׳ (not ושלטנות; edition Vilna edition ושלטוניות, correct accordingly) royalties and governorships were anxious to be connected with them, see שִׁלְטוֹן. ↗ original

שׁוּלְטָנוּתָא Targum Job 25, 2 (sec. version). Targum Psalms 145, 13. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 6, 3. ↗ original

שׁוּלְטָתָא (שלט) posts (?). Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 רבתי (חד כות׳ 2) אתבעה ארזין ארבעתי ש׳ דערסא the four cedars (in the dream) mean the four posts of the bedstead; (Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 5, end, 55ᶜ שיטתיה), see שִׁיטָתָא. ↗ original

שְׁוַלְיָא (שול, compare שפל, see Barth Et., see Barth Et. St. p. 31) servant, apprentice. Pesachim 108ᵃ ש׳ דנגרי (Munich manuscript שְׁוִילְיָיא; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) שְׁוַו׳) carpenters’ apprentice; Makkoth 8ᵇ. Bava Kamma 32ᵇ bottom of the page ש׳ דנפחי (Munich manuscript שויליא; Manuscript Rome שְׁוֵילָא) smiths’ apprentice.—[Shabbath 96ᵇ (in Hebr. dict.) שַׁוְולֵיהֶן Aruch (Sefer HeArukh); (Munich manuscript שַׁוְלֵיהֶם, שַׁוְלֵיהֶן, Oxford manuscript שַׁוְולֵיהֶן, שַׁוְולַיְהוּ; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note; edition לשואליהן) their apprentices, see שָׁאַל.] ↗ original

שׁוֹלְלָא (שלל; compare שַׁלְשֵׁל I) foot-chain.—plural שׁוֹלְלַיָּא. Targum Micah 1, 8 בש׳ (edition Lagarde edition בשׁוֹלַּיָּא) in chains (Hebrew text שׁוֹלָל; compare Targum Job 12, 17). ↗ original

שׁוּלְשֶׁילְתָּא , see שַׁלְשֶׁלְתָּא ↗ original

שׁוּלָמִי Shulami, Hash-Shulami, twin-town town of N’miré, see נְמִירֵי. Tosefta Bechoroth 7, 3; Bechoroth 55ᵃ של נמר (correct accordingly); Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 3, 14ᵃ top שְׁלוֹמִי. ↗ original

שׁוּלַמִּית the Shulamite, one of the personages of Solomon’s Song; (homiletics) symbolic name of Israel. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 1; and elsewhere ↗ original

שׂוּם see סוּם) to place, put, appoint, make. Berachoth 39ᵇ ששַׂמְתָּ שלום וכ׳ thou hast made peace between the scholars. Mechilta Beshallach introduction במקום הזה שָׂמוּהוּ in this place they (the Egyptians) have put him (Joseph). Berachoth 28ᵇ מודה … ששמת חלקי וכ׳ I thank thee, O Lord, that thou hast appointed my lot to be with those who sit in the school-house, and not with those who abide at the corners (idlers); and frequently Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֵשִׂים same. Yevamoth 45ᵇ שאתה מֵשִׂים, see מְשִׂימָה. Berachoth 16ᵇ ותָשִׂים חלקנו וכ׳ and that thou mayest place our lot in paradise. the same place (ibid.) שתשים שלום וכ׳, see פַּמִילְיָא. Sanhedrin 99ᵇ כל העוסק … משים שלום וכ׳ whosoever is engaged in the study of the Law for its own sake, causes peace to reign etc.; and elsewhere ↗ original

שׂוּם ² Targum Onkelos Leviticus 19, 14 (see סוּם I Chaldaic (Aramaic); Yerushalmi (prefix) תְשַׁוּוּן). Targum Onkelos Genesis 50, 26 (edition Berlin edition וסמוהי); Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 ושמוהי (Yerushalmi (prefix) I ושַׁוּוּן). Targum Proverbs 22, 17. the same place (ibid.) 24, 32; and frequently—5. סוּם I Chaldaic (Aramaic) Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְּשָׂם to be placed. Targum Haggai, Book of 2, 15. Targum Esther 4, 3. ↗ original

שׁוּם 1 (compare the preceding) [to arrange; compare עָרַךְ, סָדַר,] to value, estimate; to mark, name. Gittin 5, 1; Tosefta Kethuboth 12, 2 שָׁמִין להן, see עִידִּית. Kethuboth 67ᵃ, see שְׁוִי. Makkoth 3ᵃ כיצד שמין how do we assess (the fine)? Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 60ᵈ bottom of the page (explained נעשח דמים באחר, Mishnah Kiddushin 1, 6) דבר שהוא צריך לָשׁוּם that which has to be prized (which is not itself a standard value). Bava Metzia 9, 3 המקבל … שמין אותה וכ׳ if one rents a field on shares and lets it lie waste, we estimate how much it ought to yield etc. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 9, 9 השָׁם, see שׁוּם 2; and very frequently—Moed Katan 5ᵃ (referring to וְשָׂם, Psalms 50, 23) כל השָׁם אורחותיו וכ׳ he who calculates his ways (weighs the consequences of his doings) will be allowed to see the salvation of the Lord (in the hereafter); אל תקרי וְשָׂם אלא וְשָׁם וכ׳ read not v’sam but v’sham etc.; Sotah 5ᵇ; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 763; (Vayikra Rabbah section 9 דשָׁיֵים אורחיה).—participle passive שׁוּם; feminine שׁוּמָה; plural שׁוּמִים; שׁוּמוֹת. Tosefta Bava Kamma 10, 1 רואין אוֹתן כאילו הן ש׳ אצל אחרים we consider them (the forcibly taken animals) as if they had been valued (sold for their value) with others, i.e. the robber pays the value of the animals as it was at the time of the robbery; Bava Kamma 95ᵃ כאילו היא שומה אצלו בכסף as if the animal had been sold at its value to him (the robber), for cash; the same place (ibid.)ᵇ שומא (Chaldaic (Aramaic) form); the same place (ibid.) רואין … ש׳ אצלו למחצה וכ׳ we consider it, as if it had been valued etc., for the purpose of establishing the additional amount which he has to pay for the increase in value, which is either one half, or one third, or one fourth (according to local usage). Arachin 21ᵇ וכך היא שומה וכ׳ Rashi (edition שומא) and so much has it been appraised; whosoever wishes to buy etc.; and elsewhere Nif'al נִפְעַל נִישּׁוֹם to be valued, assessed. Kiddushin 28ᵃ, see דָּמִים. Kethuboth 66ᵇ במנה הנִישּׁוֹם … המתקבל when saying ‘for each Maneh’ (Mishnah the same place (ibid.) 6, 4), does that mean for each Maneh as it is valued (by the woman’s relatives), or for each Maneh with which he charges himself (one fifth less)?, see שׁוּם 2; and elsewhere ↗ original

שׁוּם —participle שָׁיֵים. Vayikra Rabbah section 9 (referring to וְשָׂם, Psalms 50, 23, see the preceding) דשיים אורחיה סגי שוי (some edition שגי) he who calculates his way, will be worth much; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 763 שגי שוי. Bava Kamma 47ᵃ פרה … שָׁיֵימְנָא לך I injured a pregnant cow of thine, and I will estimate (and pay thee) the value of a pregnant cow; and elsewhere—participle passive שׁוּם; feminine שׁוּמָא, see the preceding Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁיֵּים to tax, impose fine. Echah Rabbah to 2, 1 (explained יעיב, the same place (ibid.)) איך ש׳ ה׳ ברוגזיה וכ׳ how heavily the Lord in his anger taxed the daughter of Zion!, see חוּב Chaldaic (Aramaic), a. עִיב. ↗ original

שׁוּם 2 (the preceding) valuation, estimate. Bava Kamma 1, 3 ש׳ כסף, see שָׁוֶה. Tosefta Bava Metzia 9, 9 השם קמתו … את שׁוּמוֹ וכ׳ if one prizes (and buys) his neighbor’s standing corn as ten Cors of wheat, and it yields less or more, the seller has to deliver the estimated quantity (no more nor less); Rabbi Judah says, עשה בפחות נותן לו את שומו וכ׳ if it yielded less, he has to deliver the estimated quantity, if more, he has to deliver whatever it yielded; and frequently—Esp. the description and valuation of seized property and its advertisement for public sale. Arachin 6, 1 ש׳ היתומים שלשים יום the advertisement of orphans’ property must be made thirty days in succession (before the sale); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4, 1. Tosefta Kethuboth 11, 2; Bava Bathra 107ᵃ שלשה שירדו לש׳ וכ׳ if of three experts called to appraise seized property, one says, it is worth a Maneh etc.; and frequently appraised goods brought into marriage by the wife. Kethuboth 6, 3 (66ᵃ) פסקה … וכנגד הש׳ וכ׳ if she promises to bring him a thousand Denars, he must obligate himself for fifteen Maneh (as her jointure); but for appraised goods brought to him, he obligates himself for one fifth less than the appraised value. the same place (ibid.) ש׳ במנה ושוה מנה וכ׳ (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition ש׳ מנה) if the agreement reads, ‘the goods are charged to the husband for one Maneh and worth a Maneh’, he can claim only one Maneh’s worth of goods; ש׳ במנה היא וכ׳ but if it reads merely, ‘the goods are charged for one Maneh’, she must bring in the value of thirty-one Selaim and one Denar (Tosafoth; different interpretation or differently interpreted in Rashi). Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 6, 6 מקום … מן הש׳ וכ׳ where the usage is not to charge the husband less than the appraised value etc.; and frequently (Chaldaism) name, title; לְשׁוּם in the name of, for the sake of, for the purpose of, in the capacity of. Gittin 4, 4 עבד … אם לש׳ עבד וכ׳ if a slave was taken captive, and some one redeemed him: if he redeemed him as a slave, he may be held as a slave (of his redeemer), if as a freed man etc. the same place (ibid.) 3, 1 כל גט שנכתב שלא לש׳ אשה a letter of divorce not written with the intention to be used for a special woman. the same place (ibid.) 8, 5 כתב לש׳ מלכות אחרת if a letter of divorce is dated in the name of a strange government; (Babylonian edition 79ᵇ שאינה הוגנת, see הוּגָּן). Yevamoth 24ᵇ איש שנתגייר לש׳ אשה a man that embraced the Jewish religion for the sake of a woman; לש׳ שולחן מלכים for the sake of the royal table (see שׁוּלְחָן); לש׳ עבדי שלמה for the sake of being one of Solomon’s servants; and very frequently— [the same place (ibid.) 47ᵇ לשֵׁם שפחות in her capacity as a slave; לשם שחרור with the purpose of making her a freed woman; and frequently]—מִשּׁוּם a) in the name of. Maʿǎser Sheni 3, 6 ר"ש … מש׳ ר׳ יוסי Rabbenu Shimshon ben J. says in behalf of R. José (quoting R. J. as author). Eduy. 8, 5; and very frequently—b) because of, as coming under the category of; for the sake of (preventing). Betzah 2ᵇ, and frequently גזדה מש׳, see גְּזֵרָה. Shabbath 17ᵇ מש׳ שמנן, see גָּזַר. Avodah Zarah 26ᵃ, and frequently מש׳ איבה, see אֵיבָה. Shabbath 70ᵇ כלום פריש … מש׳ מלאכות … מש׳ שבת does any one abstain from doing a thing on the Sabbath for any reason but because of the prohibition of labors, and does one abstain from any labor for any reason, but because of the Sabbath? the same place (ibid.) 73ᵇ חייב מש׳ נוטע is guilty, because the act comes under the category of planting. Kilayim 1, 9 אינו חושש לא מש׳ כלאים וכ׳ he need not hesitate to use it either on the ground of forbidden mixture, or on the ground of the Sabbatical year (in which planting is forbidden), or because it is subject to tithes. the same place (ibid.) 9, 8 אין אפור מש׳ וכ׳ nothing is forbidden as mixture of wool and linen unless it is spun etc.; and very frequently—Berachoth 5ᵇ מש׳ תורה דלא וכ׳ (dost thou weep) on account of the Law, that thou hast not attained much?; או מש׳ מזוני or on account of thy support (that thou art poor)?—משום שֶׁ־, (Chaldaic (Aramaic)) מש׳ דְּ־; על שום שֶׁ־, (Chaldaic (Aramaic)) על ש׳ ד־ because. Pesachim 10, 5 פסח על ש׳ שפסח וכ׳ the Passover sacrifice is eaten, because the Lord passed over etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 2, beginning 51ᵈ מש׳ שהוציא וכ׳ because he uttered the word nazir. Kethuboth 63ᵇ מש׳ דרב זביד וכ׳ because Rab Zebid is a great man etc.; and very frequently ↗ original

שׁוּם ² , name. Targum Genesis 2, 11. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) the same place (ibid.) 5, 2. Targum I Chronicles 16, 2; and frequently—5. שְׁמָא.—עַל שׁ׳, מִשּׁ׳, see the preceding ↗ original

שׁוּם 3 (Biblical Hebrew) garlic. Maasroth 5, 8, see בְּכִי 2; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 14 איזהו ש׳ בעל וכ׳ what species of garlic is named Baal (bek) garlic?, see זוּר 2. Berachoth 51ᵃ. Kilayim 1, 3 הש׳ והשומנית (garden) garlic and wild garlic; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 2; and frequently—plural שׁוּמִים, שׁוּמִין. Shabbath 118ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original

שׁוּמָא = Hebrew שׁוּם 2, estimate, appraisement, especially the appraisement of valuables brought into marriage by the wife. Kethuboth 66ᵇ ש׳ רבה an appraisement of great proportions, ש׳ זוטא of small proportions; ש׳ דידיה his (the husband’s) appraisement, ש׳ דידה her appraisement (made in her paternal home). settlement, compromise. Bava Bathra 107ᵃ (if three appraisers differ) עושין ש׳ ביניהן ומשלשין we compromise between them by taking the difference between the highest and the lowest estimates and dividing it by three, i.e. by adding one-third of the difference to the lowest estimate; Tosefta Kethuboth 11, 2 עושין אותה ש׳ ושמין אותה שליש edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading עושין שׁוּמָה ביניהן וכ׳; other edition עושין אותו ש׳ ביניהן ושמין אותן שליש). [Bava Kamma 95ᵇ, and elsewhere שומא, see שׁוּם I]. ↗ original

שׁוּמָא ² (שׁוּם 1; compare סִימָן) mark, mole, wart. Niddah 46ᵃ בן תשע שנים … ש׳ if a child nine years old has two hairs (under the arm etc.), it is a mole (and no sign of puberty); Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 10, 11ᵇ bottom of the page Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 2, 62ᵈ ש׳ שאין בה שיער a mole with no hair; Tosefta Kethuboth 7, 9; Kethuboth 75ᵃ. Tosefta Yevamoth 14, 4 מעידין על הש׳ we accept testimony (of a husband’s death) on identification by a mole; Bava Metzia 27ᵇ; Yevamoth 120ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) ש׳ מצויה בבן גילו, see גִּיל 2. Tosefta Bechoroth 5, 5. Bava Metzia the passage cited בש׳ סימן מובהק הוא וכ׳ they differ as to whether a mole can be considered a distinguishing mark for identification; and frequently ↗ original

שׁוּמָא ³ see סוּמָא 2 ↗ original

שׁוּמְדָּא , see שְׁמָדָא ↗ original

שׁוּמָה , see שׁוּמָא ↗ original

שׂוּמָה , see שִׁימָה ↗ original

שׁוּמִּירָה , see שׁוּמְּרָה ↗ original

שׁוֹמֵירָה , see שׁוֹמֵרָה ↗ original

שׁוּמָן (שָׁמַן) fat. Sotah 9, 12 (with the destruction of the Temple) ניטל שׁוּמַן הפירות the fruits lost their fatness. the same place (ibid.) 13 המעשרות נטלו את ש׳ הדגן when the tithes ceased, the corn lost its fatness. Bechoroth 18ᵃ ש׳ יהא ביניהן the fatter of the two animals remains under litigation, see שָׁמַן. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 9, beginning 6ᵈ מחזיר לו את הש׳ he must make restitution for the fat animal (as it was before it deteriorated); and frequently—Esp. the permitted fat of animals, contradistinguished to חֵלֶב. Kerithoth 4, 1 ש׳ וחלב לפניו if a person had before him permitted fat and forbidden fat. Vayikra Rabbah section 22 את החלב התרתי לך את הש׳ (I forbade thee) ḥeleb, and (as an offset) I allowed thee shuman; and frequently—Avodah Zarah 35ᵇ ש׳ חזיר lard; Chullin 91ᵃ שַׁמְנוֹ (Munich manuscript שׁוּמְנוֹ) the fat on the sinew of the hip; the same place (ibid.) 92ᵇ (Munich manuscript שומ׳, a. once שמ׳); Pesachim 83ᵇ שמ׳. ↗ original

שׁוּמְנָא Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 11, 8 (Hebrew text שמן). Targum Judges 3, 22. Targum Psalms 73, 7.—Chullin 111ᵃ טחלא ש׳ וכ׳ the milt is mere fat (a glandular substance with no large blood-vessels). ↗ original

שׁוּמְנוּנִיתָא feminine same. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Leviticus 7, 30 (a gloss to תרבא).—5. שַׁמְנוּנִיתָא. ↗ original

שׁוּמָנִית (שׁוּם 3) wild garlic. Kilayim 1, 3, Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 2 (variant reading שמנים, correct accordingly). ↗ original

שׁוּמְעָנָא (שְׁמַע) reputation. Megillah 25ᵇ, see סְנֵי. the same place (ibid.) דשפיר שׁוּמְעָנֵיה who is well spoken of. Moed Katan 17ᵃ ↗ original

שומפוזין , a corruption of טוֹמְפַּזְיוֹן masculine (τοπάζιον) topaz. Shemoth Rabbah section 38, end (corresp. to Hebrew פטדה; see 70 Exodus 28, 17). ↗ original

שׁוֹמֵר watchman, guard, keeper. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, 64ᵃ top (explained Isaiah 21, 11) מה מילל ש׳ העולמים what did the keeper of the world say? Vayikra Rabbah section 36 מה גפן זו הש׳ שלה עומד למעלה וֹכ׳ as the guard of the grape vine (vineyard) stands high (in the שׁוֹמֵרָה), so is Israel’s guard above. Chagigah 15ᵇ אפי׳ ש׳ הפתח וכ׳ even the gate-keeper (of Gehenna) could not stand before thee; and frequently—Esp. one in whose charge an object is given, bailee, ש׳ חנם an unpaid bailee; ש׳ שכר a paid trustee. Bava Metzia 93ᵇ; and frequently—[Shevuoth 8, 1; Bava Metzia 7, 8 נושא שכר, supply (understood word) שומר].—Transferred that part of a plant or of a body which serves as a protection (e.g. leaves, skin). Berachoth 36ᵇ היכא אמרינן דנעשה ש׳ לפירי וכ׳ we call a part of a plant a guard of the fruit only, if the plant dies when the guard is removed. ʿUktsin 1, 1. Chullin 119ᵇ בשדרה משום ש׳ it refers to the stem of an ear, and because it is ‘a guard’; and frequently—plural שׁוֹמְרִים, שׁוֹמְרִין. Bava Metzia the passage cited שׁוֹמְרֵי פירות וכ׳ watchmen of fruits may eat (of them) by local usage, but not by Biblical law. the same place (ibid.); Shevuoth the passage cited ארבעה ש׳ הן וכ׳ these are four classes of bailees. the same place (ibid.) 49ᵇ שבועת ש׳ the oath required of bailees (Exodus 22, 9 and the following); and frequently ↗ original

שׁוּמָּר fennel (see Löw Low, Aramaische Pflanzennamen, Leipzig 1881, p. 382 and the following). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 1, 27ᵃ bottom of the page ש׳ וכרפס מה נפיק מנהון פיטרוסילינון quoted in Rabbenu Shimshon to Kilayim 1, 4 (edition corrupt) what comes out of mixed seeds of fennel and parsley? Rock-parsley. ↗ original

שׁוּמְּרָה , or dill. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 1, 21ᵈ top שמירה (correct accordingly), see גּוֹפָן. the same place (ibid.) ש׳ שמר מרה וכ׳, see מְתַל I. ↗ original

שׁוֹמֵרָה (שָׁמַר) watch-shed, watch-tower, lodge. Kilayim 5, 3. Bava Bathra 4, 8 (68ᵇ) הש׳ שאינה עשויה בטיט (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 90) a watch-shed not plastered with clay (movable). the same place (ibid.) 69ᵃ השומי׳. ↗ original

שׁוֹמְרוֹן , see שֹׁמְרוֹן ↗ original

שׁוּמְשׁוּם (probably frequently שֶׁמֶשׁ) [sun-flower,] sesamum, sesame (Assyr. šamaššamu). T’bul Yom 1, 5 edition Dehr. (edition שֻׁמְשׁוּם). Rosh Hashanah 13ᵃ; Menachoth 103ᵇ כביצה חסר ש׳ the size of an egg less that of a sesame seed. the same place (ibid.) 16ᵇ הקטיר ש׳ לאכול ש׳ if he burnt (the handful of the offering), the size of a sesame grain at a time, or with the intention to eat (the remainder), a sesame grain at a time; and elsewhere—Mostly plural שׁוּמְשְׁמִים, שׁוּמְשְׁמִין. Shevi'ith 2, 7. Challah 1, 4. Mechilta Bo, section 8. Sifré Numbers 146. Shabbath 2, 2 שמן ש׳ sesame oil (used in lamps). Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 3 מה יעשו … שמן ש׳ what shall the Babylonians do who have nothing but sesame oil? Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 2, 39ᶜ top אפי׳ ש׳ even as much (of the incense) as the size of a sesame seed. ↗ original

שׁוּמְשׁוּק (compare Gr. σάμψυχον) Marjoram, a species of hyssop. Shabbath 109ᵇ (explained אזוב) ש׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) שמשק). the same place (ibid.) וש׳ … הכי and shumshuḳ is found to have that shape (as the Biblical hyssop is described to have). ↗ original

שׁוּמְשְׁמָא = Hebrew שׁוּמְשׁוּם, sesame or poppy. Sotah 3ᵇ, see זְנוּתָא, a. תּוּקְפָא.—plural שׁוּמְשְׁמֵי. Berachoth 38ᵃ דש׳ קא אמרת וכ׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) דשושמי) by טְרִימָּא do you mean a preparation of sesame (or poppy) seeds, or of safflower? Moed Katan 12ᵇ למיעקר ש׳ to pluck sesame plants (during the festive week). the same place (ibid.) ש׳ … לנזיי, see נִזְיי. Shabbath 23ᵃ משחא דש׳ sesame oil; and elsewhere ↗ original

שׁוּמְשְׁמִים , see שׁוּמְשׁוּם ↗ original

שׁוּמְשְׁמָנָא (transpos. of משמש, compare שַׁמָּשׁ) [the busy one,] ant. Targum Proverbs 6, 6 (edition Lagarde edition שומשמנה; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) everywhere שׁוּשְׁמָנָא).—Shabbath 66ᵇ, see גַּמְלָנָא. Yevamoth 76ᵃ (edition שׁוּמְשָׁנָא). the same place (ibid.) 118ᵇ; Kethuboth 75ᵃ, see כּוּרְסַיָּא.—plural שׁוּמְשְׁמָנֵי. Targum Proverbs 30, 25 (manuscript שׁוּמְשָׁנֵי).—Nedarim 24ᵇ קינא דש׳ an ant nest. ↗ original

שׁוּמְשָׁנָא , see the preceding ↗ original

שׂוֹנֵא hater, enemy. Sanhedrin 3, 5 האוהב והש׳ a friend and an enemy (are disqualified as witness or judge); ש׳ כל שלא דבר וכ׳ an enemy is he who has not spoken to the person concerned for the last three days on account of his hostility. Bava Metzia 32ᵇ אוהב לפרוק וש׳ לטעון מצוה בש׳ וכ׳ if there is a friend that needs help to unload, and an enemy that needs help to load, it is proper to help the enemy in order to bend his animosity. the same place (ibid.) ש׳ דקרא the case of the enemy mentioned in the Scripture (Exodus 23, 5, where the release of the beast is concerned), ש׳ דמתניתן that of our Boraitha (just quoted). Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 23 מי שעושה שׁוֹנְאוֹ אוהבו edition Schechter (a hero is he) who makes his enemey to be his friend; and elsewhere—plural שׂוֹנְאִים, שׂוֹנְאִין. Sotah 9ᵃ משה ודוד שלא שלטו שׂוֹנְאֵיהֶם וכ׳ Moses and David over whose works their enemies got no control; and frequently—Sukkah 29ᵃ, and frequently שונאיהם של ישראל euphem. for Israel ↗ original

שׁוּנָאנָא (Pers. snan) a kind of alkali. Shabbath 90ᵃ, see אַשְׁלְגָא. ↗ original

שׁוּנָּה , see שׁוּנִּית ↗ original

שׁוּנְיָא Shunya in Babylonia. Kiddushin 72ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, 65ᵈ top שָׁנְיָיא; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 1, 3ᵇ top שניו׳ עוונייא (correct accordingly). ↗ original

שׁוּנִּית (denominative of שֵׁן; see מְשׁוּנִּיתָא) cliff, rocky bluffs. Oholoth 18, 6 ואיזה הש׳ וכ׳ how far is it called shunnith (for ritual purposes)? As far as the sea comes up when it is rough. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 7, 50ᶜ bottom of the page שׁוּנַּת הים, שונת הנהר; Tosefta Bava Metzia 2, 2 variant reading שֻׁנִּית, see שְׁנוּנִית. ↗ original

שׁוּנִּיתָא Koheleth Rabbah to 11, 1; the same place (ibid.) to 5, 8 שׁוּנְּתָא, see מְשׁוּנִיתָא; Vayikra Rabbah section 22; Bamidbar Rabbah section 18 (some edition שינותא, correct accordingly). ↗ original

שׁוּנָּרָא common gender (contracted of שנוור; שְׁוַור; compare טִינָר, צִינוֹק; Arab. sinnawr) cat. Targum 2 Esther 1, 2.—Chullin 53ᵃ ספק … ש׳ if it is doubtful whether it was a dog or a cat that attacked the fowls. the same place (ibid.) 53ᵇ Sanhedrin 105ᵃ, see כַּרְכּוּשְׁתָּא. Bava Metzia 97ᵃ; and elsewhere—Berachoth 56ᵇ הרואה חתול … שׁונׄׄ נעשה לו שׁינׄ רע … שׁורׄׄׄ נעשה לו שׁירׄ נׄׄ Munich manuscript (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage); edition שונרא שירה נאה … שינרא שינוי רע) if one sees a cat in his dream. in a place where they call it shunnara, it means that a bad change is prepared for him; where it is called shurana, it means that a sweet song (joy) etc.—plural שׁוּנָּרִין, שׁוּנָּרַיָּיא. Targum 2 Esther the passage cited (in a corrupt sentence, see טוּס Chaldaic (Aramaic)).—Berachoth the passage cited Manuscript Florence—Fem. שׁוּנַרְתָּא. the same place (ibid.) 6ᵃ ↗ original

שׁוּנְּתָא , see שׁוּנִּיתָא ↗ original

שׁוּסְקֵי , see שִׁיסְקֵי ↗ original

שׁוּסְתָּג (see Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) Aruch Completum (Kohut) under the word) a piece of cloth. Gittin 69ᵇ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition שי׳). ↗ original

שׁוּעַ (compare שעע) to be smooth, soft; in a transferred sense to be discouraged, to despair (compare מָסַס). Bereshith Rabbah section 44 (referring to תשתע, Isaiah 41, 10) היה לבו … אל תשתע … לא תָשׁוּעַ his heart was soft as wax, and the Lord sent him two angels …; to this refers what is written al tishtʿa …, be not soft (despair not); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 115 אל תָּשׁוּעַ אל יהא לבך לשעוה be not soft, let thy heart not turn into wax (compare Psalms 22, 15); Bereshith Rabbah section 65; (Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 313 אל תירא ואל תשתע). [to smooth,] to card, hackle.—participle passive שׁוּעַ, plural שׁוּעִים, שׁוּעִין. Kilayim 9, 8, and elsewhere, see נוּז. the same place (ibid.) 9 לבדים … מפני שהן ש׳ felt clothes (of mixed material) are forbidden, because they are carded. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 9, end, 32ᵈ הוינן אמרין הא שָׁע מותר we might have thought, but if one cards (wool and linen together), it is permitted; see שַׁעַטְנֵז. Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁיַּיע to make slippery, cause to slip (compare חָלַק). Bereshith Rabbah section 77 end (explained ותקע, Genesis 30, 6) שִׁיְּיעָהּ (or שַׁיְּיעָהּ Chaldaic (Aramaic); not שייעא; edition Vilna edition שעייא, read: שַׁעֲיָיהּ, see שְׁעֵי) he (the angel) made it (the hollow of the thigh) slip (be dislocated); Song of Songs R. to 3, 6; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 132 שעייה (not שת׳), see above. ↗ original

שׁוּעַ ² [to smooth over,] to plaster. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 14, 42 וִישׁוּעַ (Kimḥi וִישִׁיעַ, see Berlin edition Targum Onkelos 2, p. 35; some edition ויסוע, correct accordingly). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 27, 2; 4. Targum Ezekiel 13, 12; and elsewhere—participle passive שִׁיעַ smooth. Chullin 47ᵇ (explained דמיא לאופתא) יעָא דלית וכ׳שֻׁד when the lung is a smooth-surfaced mass, without incisions marking the lobes. to card. participle passive as ab. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 22, 11. Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁיַּיע to plaster. Avodah Zarah 47ᵇ דש׳ והדר שַׁיְּיעֵיה when he plastered once and plastered it over again. Bereshith Rabbah section 38 [read:] אתי למֵישַׁיַּיע תרתין והוא שייע ארבע one came to plaster two (squares of a wall), and he plastered four; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 62 אתי למֵישַׁע חדא והוא שייע ארבע. to cause to slip, see the preceding Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְּשַׁע, אִשְׁתַּע to be plastered, daubed. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 14, 43; 48 (some edition אִתָּשַׁע, see שְׁעַע). to become a smooth mass. Moed Katan 25ᵇ אִישְׁתָּעוּ, see מַחֲלָצַיָּיא. ↗ original

שָׁוַע , Pi'el שִׁוֵּעַ (Biblical Hebrew) to cry (for help). Avodah Zarah 4ᵃ (referring to Job 30, 24 שׁוּעַ) בשכר שמְשַׁוְּועִין וכ׳ as a reward for their crying before me, I will help them; Yalkut Shimoni Job 918 כשמְשַׁוְּעִין וכ׳.—Denom. שַׁוְעָה. ↗ original

שׁוֹעַ (Biblical Hebrew?; see next word) rock, fort.—plural שׁוֹעִים. Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Joḥ 1) (referring to Isaiah 22, 5) שהיו מקרקרין … על שׁוֹעֵיהֶם they tore down the walls of their houses and made of them breastworks, and placed them around their forts; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 289. ↗ original

שׁוּעָא (שׁוּעַ or שְׁעַע; compare Targum Ezekiel 26, 4 under the word שְׁעִיעוּתָא) smooth rock. Targum Proverbs 30, 19 Hebrew text צור). ↗ original

שׁוֹעָא (the preceding) [rock,] protector, magnate. Targum Job 34, 19 (see Targum Isaiah 32, 5). ↗ original

שַׁוְעָה cry (for help). Berachoth 29ᵇ שמע שַׁוְעַת וכ׳ hear the cry of thy people etc. Devarim Rabbah section 2, beginning (one of the expressions for prayer); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 811; Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 157; Sifré Deuteronomy 26; and elsewhere—Echah Rabbah introduction 32 (referring to שועת, Jeremiah 8, 19) דבור … זעקה ש׳ נאקה this word (שועה) has three meanings: cry, call for help, and anguish (or sigh); the same place (ibid.) רב … לשון פרפור הוא וכ׳ Rab Huna of Sepphoris said, it means writhing in agony of death (with referring to Ezekiel 30, 24, a. Job 24, 12); Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 279. ↗ original

שׁוֹעֵי , see next word ↗ original

שׁוֹעִי (שְׁעֵי Ithpeel) 1) conversation, tale, talk. Targum I Kings 18, 27 (Hebrew text שיח). Targum Judges 7, 15 (Hebrew text מספר). Targum Proverbs 3, 32 (Hebrew text סוֹד). Targum 2 Kings 9, 11.—2) derisive talk, sneer, by-word. Targum Habakkuk 2, 6 (edition Vilna edition שַׁוְעֵי; Hebrew text מְלִיצָה). Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 28, 37 (edition Vienna edition שׁוֹעֵי; Hebrew text שנינה). Targum I Kings 9, 7 (edition Vilna edition שׁוֹעֵי); Targum 2 Chronicles 7, 20. ↗ original

שׁוּעָל (Biblical Hebrew) fox. Nedarim 81ᵇ, and elsewhere לא מצינו ש׳ וכ׳, see פִּיר. Shabbath 6, 10 (67ᵃ) שן ש׳ the tooth of a fox (a charm for insomnia or for drowsiness); and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 10, 12ᶜ bottom of the page ארי בן ש׳ a lion, son of a fox, a distinguished man, son of an inconspicuous father; Bava Metzia 84ᵇ.—שבולת ש׳, see שִׁיבּוֹלֶת.—plural שׁוּעָלִים. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 15, see שֹׁעָל. Avoth 4, 15; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 4, 22ᵃ bottom of the page ראש לש׳ head of foxes, opposite tail of lions, see אֲרִי 2. Sukkah 28ᵃ, and elsewhere משׁלות ש׳, see מָשָׁל; and frequently ↗ original

שׁוֹעָל see שֹׁעָל ↗ original

שׁוֹעֵר gate-keeper. Devarim Rabbah section 2³ היה מבקש מן הש׳ וכ׳ asked the gate-keeper to be allowed to enter the palace; and elsewhere—plural שׁוֹעֲרִים. Bereshith Rabbah section 91 וכן הש׳ כל אחד שלו and so did the gate-keepers report, every one his own (the name of one of the sons of Jacob); and elsewhere ↗ original

שׁוֹעֵר ² , Poel of שָׁעַר, participle מְשׁוֹעֵר, see שָׁעַר I. ↗ original

שׁוּף to blow. Bamidbar Rabbah section 5, beginning וכיון … היתה האש שָׁפָה וכ׳ when the sparks (preceding the march of the Israelites) went forth, the fire blew (was wafted) towards those carrying the Ark; and elsewhere—Esp. (of the serpent, compare שָׂרָף; see נָשַׁף) to emit poisonous breath, to poison. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 92 (referring to Psalms 139, 11) והיה יושב … וִישׁוּפֵנִי עקב and he (Adam) sat thinking in his heart, perchance the serpent that led me astray on the Sabbath eve will come and poison me in the heel. Vayikra Rabbah section 15, end; Bereshith Rabbah section 16; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 22, see נָשַׁף. ↗ original

ש to blow. Bereshith Rabbah section 2 ברית כרותה … רוחא שָׁיְיפָא (not רוחה, רוחו) an assurance is given to the water that even during the hot season a wind shall blow.—Transferred (compare colloquial Engl. to blow) to be proud. Vayikra Rabbah section 16 (referring to גבהו, Isaiah 3, 16) [read:] דהוויין שָׁיְפָן ברומהון they were proud of their high stature; Echah Rabbah to 4, 15 ש׳ ברומיהון. (see נְשַׁף 2) to slip. Chullin 42ᵇ בוקא … דשָׁף מדוכתיה a dislocated hip-bone; the same place (ibid.) 54ᵃ, and the following Bava Metzia 84ᵃ bottom of the page he lamented, (מיניה) עד דשף דעתיה (Manuscript Hamburg דשני) until his mind slipped (from him), he lost consciousness; and elsewhere—יתיב(ו) בי כנישתא דשף the synagogue of ‘He slipped’ (away from the Temple) ‘and settled’ (in Babylonia), name of a synagogue in Nehardea (a reference to the belief that the Divine Majesty went with Israel into the Babylonian exile). Megillah 29ᵃ; Rosh Hashanah 24ᵇ; and elsewhere to crouch, crawl, slide. Bava Bathra 7ᵃ שׁוֹף אכריסך וכ׳ crouch on thy belly and go in, crouch and go out, i.e. I am not bound to make the accesses to thy rooms. Sanhedrin 88ᵇ שָׁיֵיף עייל שייף ונפיק וכ׳ he that crawls in entering, and crawls in leaving (is very humble), and studies the Law etc. Zevachim 14ᵇ דקשָׁיֵיף מֵישַׁף when he (in a sitting position) slid himself to the altar. Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁיֵּיף to blow, fan. Shabbath 119ᵃ מְשַׁיֵּיף נורא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition מוֹשִׁיף Af'el) fanning the fire. ↗ original

שׁוּף 2 to smooth, rub, polish, sharpen; to smear over, plaster. Kelim 14, 5 משיְשׁוּפֶינּוּ (Mishnah edition משישׁוּפֶנּוּ; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) משיְשַׁפֶּנּוּ, frequently שָׁפָה I) a sword becomes susceptible of uncleanness when it is furbished. the same place (ibid.) 16, 1 משיְשׁוּפם בעור הדג when he smooths them by rubbing with the skin of a fish; Sanhedrin 20ᵇ; Nedarim 56ᵇ משיְשַׁפֵּם (Rashi משישופם). Kelim the passage cited גמר שלא לָשׁוּף if he decided not to smooth them. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 3, 5ᵈ bottom of the page לאיזה דבר הוא שָׁפָהּ for what purpose should he polish it? Chullin 25ᵃ, and the following; Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 2, 10. Tosefta Tohoroth 6, 12 ושָׁפָה את רוקו and she rubbed his spittle off (with her foot); שָׁפוֹת וכ׳ (להיות) … שכן for it is the habit of Israelitish women during menstruation to rub off etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᵇ top רוקק ושָׁף he spits on the stone pavement and rubs it out (with his foot). Moed Katan 1, 10 שָׁפִין את הסדקין you may plaster over the rifts in the roof (during the festive week). Shabbath 20, 3 ולא שפין אותן nor must you rub them (with the hand to cleanse them). Eduy. 1, 8 שורין ושפין וכ׳ you must observe levitical cleanness when you soak them and rub (your body) with them. Shabbath 75ᵇ השף בין העמודים he who rubs (smooths skins) between columns; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 7, 10ᶜ bottom of the page השף את העור על גבי העמוד. Kelim 30, 1 שָׁפָן בשופין files them with a file. Pesachim 2, 7 אבל שָׁפָה היא וכ׳ but she may rub (the bran) dry over her body (to soften her skin); and frequently to run smoothly, glide. Bereshith Rabbah section 6; Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 9. (Biblical Hebrew) to grind, crush, stamp. Sifré Deuteronomy 315 שיהו חטים שָׁפוֹת זו וכ׳ that wheat grains rub against one another and drop etc., see סֹלֶת; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 944.—Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 4, 7 וישראל … ואתם באים לָשׁוּף אותה מן העקב and the Israelites say to them (the gentiles asking for a share in the hereafter), in how many troubles … we surrendered our lives for the sanctification of the Lord, and you want to stamp it (all this good) out of your heels (out of the ground)?; (edition Buber edition אותם על העקב, correct accordingly); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 627 לשוף עצמיכם מן העקב (correct accordingly).—[Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 92 וישופני עקב, see שׁוּף I.] Nif'al נִפְעַל נִישּׁוֹף to be rubbed off, made smooth, level. Tosefta Bava Kamma 10, 4 מטבע ונ׳ if he took by force a coin, and it became rubbed off (effaced). to be ground, crushed. Tosefta Bava Metzia 11, 8 מוציא אדם זבלו … כדי שיִישּׁוֹף וכ׳ a man may take out his material for dung and place it in front of his house, that it may be stamped upon by the feet of man and beast; Bava Kamma 30ᵃ; 81ᵇ; Bava Metzia 118ᵇ כדי שיהא נישוף. Bava Kamma 28ᵇ נשוף באבן (Manuscript Florence ונושף, read: נִישָּׁף) was smashed against a stone; (Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 3ᶜ top נחבט).—5. שָׁפַף. ↗ original

שׁוּף ² to rub (with oil), anoint; to rub off. Targum 2 Samuel 12, 20. the same place (ibid.) 14, 2. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 28, 40 edition Berlin edition (other edition סוך); and elsewhere—Pesachim 25ᵇ דשָׁיֵיף לה וכ׳ as he was rubbing his (sick) daughter’s skin with undeveloped grapes of ʿOrlah. Bava Kamma 23ᵇ דשָׁף צלמי when the animal in scratching itself rubbed figures off (which were on the wall).—participle passive שִׁיף, שִׁיפָא. Avodah Zarah 52ᵇ, see דִּינָרָא. to grind, crush, file. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 9, 21 (Yerushalmi (prefix) שפיית, frequently שְׁפֵי). Targum Psalms 94, 5. Targum Job 14, 19; and elsewhere—[Sanhedrin 64ᵃ דשייף קליה, see שְׁאֵב.] Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁיֵּיף same, to rub, grind, file. Bava Kamma 98ᵃ שייפא בשופינא (read: שַׁיְּיפֵיה; Munich manuscript שפייה, frequently שְׁפֵי) if he rubbed the stamp off with a file. Ithpol. אִשְׁתּוֹפַף to be crushed. Targum Job 30, 8 אִשְׁתּוֹפְפוּן manuscript (edition ישתפפון, see שְׁפַף). ↗ original

שׁוּף 3 (the preceding) smooth-faced.—plural שׁוּפִים, שׁוּפִין. Kilayim 3, 2 אפונים הש׳ smooth beans (without incisions).—5. שִׁיף. ↗ original

שׁוֹפָה masculine, see שׁוֹפִי I ↗ original

שׁוֹפוֹרֵי , see שׁוֹפָרָא ↗ original

שׁוֹפֵט judge, ruler. Rosh Hashanah 25ᵇ (referring to Deuteronomy 17, 9) הא אין לך לילך אלא אצל ש׳ שבימיו this teaches that you have to go to him who is the authority in his days (independently of what your opinion about him may be); Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 911; Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 114. Chagigah 14ᵃ (referring to Isaiah 3, 2) ש׳ זה דיין וכ׳ by shofeṭ is meant the judge that decides a true case according to truth; and frequently—plural שׁוֹפְטִים. Sifré Deuteronomy 144 (referring to Deuteronomy 16, 18) אם יש שוטרים יש ש׳ וכ׳ where there are officers (to execute the law), there are judges; where there are no executors, there are no judges. Tanchuma Shof’ṭim 2, see שׁוֹטֵר. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 1, 19ᵃ bottom of the page (referring to Deuteronomy 21, 2) זקניך שהן שׁוֹפְטֶיךָ thy elders that are thy judges. Ruth Rabbah to 1, 1 שׁוֹפְטֵיהֶם; Bava Bathra 15ᵇ שׁוֹפְטָיו, see שָׁפַט; and frequently ↗ original

שׁוּפְטָא , see שִׁבְטָא ↗ original

שׁוּפְטָנָא (see שִׁפְטָא) childish man, idiot.—plural שׁוּפְטָנֵי. Bava Kamma 85ᵃ (speaking of how much a man would take for allowing his hand to be cut off) בש׳ עסקינן do we treat of idiots (who but an idiot would do such a thing)? Bava Metzia 40ᵃ וכי בש׳ וכ׳ do we speak of idiots who lend on large measure and take back on small measure? Bava Bathra 122ᵃ אטו בש׳ וכ׳ do we speak of idiots (that will part with their landed heirloom for money)?—5. שִׁיפּוּט. ↗ original

שׁוֹפִי 1 (שָׁפָה 2, see שִׁיפּוּי 2) (fatty) protuberance, cap of the hip-bone. Chullin 92ᵇ גוממו עם הש׳ he peels the fat off even with the cap (see גָּמַם). Avodah Zarah 25ᵃ (explained השוק והעליה, I Samuel 9, 24) שוק וש׳ the leg and the cap; מאי והעליה דש׳ עילויה וכ׳ (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) what does v’heʿaleha mean? (That which is on top of it,) for the shofi is above the leg; Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 72ᶜ bottom of the page (Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) שקא ושׁוֹפָה. ↗ original

שֹׁופִי 2 (שָׁפָה 3) ease, comfort, smoothness. Niddah 4, 6 דם הש׳ blood discharged in comfort (without travail), opposite קושי. the same place (ibid.) 37ᵇ תרי בקושי וחד בש׳ twice with pain, and once in comfort; Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᵇ top שתים בש׳ ואחת בקושי (not באושי). Bereshith Rabbah section 16, beginning (play on פׄישׁון, Genesis 2, 11) מימיו מהלכין בש׳ its waters run smoothly; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 21. Kethuboth 20ᵃ when he has been enjoying the usufruct שלש שנים ובש׳ for three years, and that in comfort (without protest by claimants); and elsewhere ↗ original

שׁוּפְיָא Vayikra Rabbah section 34 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word שף 3 (in an unintelligible quotation not found in edition). ↗ original

שֹׁופִין (שׁוּף 2) file. Kelim 30, 1, see שׁוּף 2 (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) שופינא). ↗ original

שֹׁופִינָא Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 9, 21 edition Berlin edition (other edition שׁוּ׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) שֹׁופָנָא). Targum I Samuel 13, 21 (Hebrew text פצירה).—Bava Kamma 98ᵃ, see שׁוּף 2 Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original

שֹׁופַךְ , see שֹׁובַךְ ↗ original

שֹׁופְכִים (שָׁפַךְ) that which is poured out into the gutter, waste-water. Shabbath 8, 1 וכל הש׳ וכ׳ and the measure for all kinds of dirty waters is one-fourth of a Log (for Sabbath laws). the same place (ibid.) 78ᵃ ש׳ למאי חזו what is waste water fit for? Chullin 105ᵇ משום ש׳ on account of the dirty water (on the roof, which may come down through the spout). Bava Bathra 19ᵇ התם בש׳ there (in Mishnah the same place (ibid.) 2, 1) reference is made to a collection of urine to be poured out; and elsewhere ↗ original

שֹׁופָנָא , see שֹׁופִינָא ↗ original

שֹׁופְנִין , see שַׁפְנִינָא ↗ original

שֹׁופַע (שָׁפַע) plenty, liberality. Vayikra Rabbah section 4 שלשה נוטלין בש׳ ונותנין בש׳ three powers take plentifully and give plentifully: the earth, the sea, and the government. ↗ original

שֹׁופָר [rounded; compare שְׁפוֹפֶרֶת,] horn, trumpet, Shofar, contradistinguished to חצצרות. Rosh Hashanah 3, 3 ש׳ של ראש השנה וכ׳ the horn for the New Year’s Day (used in the Temple) was from a mountain-goat, straight, and its mouthpiece was inlaid with gold. the same place (ibid.) ש׳ מאריך וכ׳ the tone of the shofar was prolonged, that of the accompanying trumpets short. the same place (ibid.) 4. Vayikra Rabbah section 29; and very frequently—plural שֹׁופָרוֹת. Rosh Hashanah 3, 2, see קֶרֶן. Vayikra Rabbah the passage cited ובר"ה נוטלין שֹׁופְרוֹתֵיהֶן וכ׳ and on New Year’s Day they take up their Shofars and blow before the Lord, and he rises from the throne of justice to that of mercy etc.; the same place (ibid.) שֹׁופָרֵיהֶן; and frequently—Esp. שופרות (also שופר) shofaroth, that section of the Musaf service of the New Year’s Day which treats of the shofar (of the Revelation). Rosh Hashanah 4, 5 ש׳ ותוקע the reader recites shofaroth and blows. the same place (ibid.) 6 אין פוחתין … מעשרה ש׳ you must cite no less than ten Biblical verses referring to the shofar. the same place (ibid.) (32ᵃ) אין מזכירין מלכיות זכרונות וש׳ של פורענות Munich manuscript (edition זכרון מלכות ושופר) you must not cite verses referring to rulership, memorials, and shofar which allude to evil dispensations; and elsewhere horn-shaped box in the Temple to receive the money for sacrifices which are supplied by the Temple authorities. Tosefta Shekalim 3, 2 ונותן לש׳ and puts the money into the proper box. the same place (ibid.) ש׳ של נדבה box for free-will offerings. the same place (ibid.) 3 ש׳ לקינים box for bird offerings; and frequently—plural as ab. Shekalim 6, 1; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 1; and frequently ↗ original

שֹׁופָרָא Targum Exodus 19, 13 (Hebrew text יובל). the same place (ibid.) 16; and frequently—plural שֹׁופָרַיָּא, שֹׁופָרֵי. Targum Joshua 6, 4; and elsewhere—Targum 2 Esther 4, 16 שֹׁופוֹרֵי.—5. שִׁיפוֹרָא. ↗ original

שׁוּפְרָא (שְׁפַר) beauty, grace. Targum Proverbs 31, 30. Targum Psalms 45, 3. the same place (ibid.) 12; and frequently—Berachoth 5ᵇ, see בְּכָא. Avodah Zarah 20ᵃ דהאי ש׳ בלי עפרא (not שופריא) that the dust should destroy this beauty. Bava Metzia 84ᵃ שׁוּפְרֵיה דר׳ יוחנן the beauty of R. J.; and frequently—5. שֶׁפֶר Chaldaic (Aramaic) best portion. Targum Onkelos Numbers 18, 29; 30; 32 (Hebrew text חלב).—plural שׁוּפְרֵי. Pesachim 3ᵇ קאכילנא ש׳ ש׳ I got the best pieces (of the Passover lamb) to eat. ↗ original

שֹׁופְרָזָא (Palez of שפר, see שֹׁופָר) drinking horn.—plural שֹׁופְרָזֵי. Kethuboth 65ᵃ דהוו משקי ליה בש׳ כי האי that they gave him to drink of horns like this (as large as my arm).—[Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) reads בשפר זייני soldiers’ horn (?).] ↗ original

שׁוּפְרֵי Beth-Shufré. Vayikra Rabbah section 22 בקעת ב׳ ש׳ the valley of Beth-Sh. (Koheleth Rabbah to 5, 8 טופת; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 972 נטופא). ↗ original

שופריא , see שׁוּפְרָא ↗ original

שׁוּפְתָּא (שׁוּף 2) (compare שִׁפָּא) chip, pin. Gittin 32ᵃ; Shabbath 102ᵇ, see קוֹפִינָא. Horayoth 13ᵃ אפי׳ ש׳ דמרא וכ׳ (not מרא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 400) they (the mice) gnaw even at the pin in the hoe.— the smooth participle Shabbath 140ᵃ ש׳ דתומא the inner part of garlic; (Munich manuscript שִׂיפְוָותָא borders of garlic). ↗ original

שׁוּץ , see שִׁיץ ↗ original

שׁוּצִינָא , see sub שׁיצ׳. ↗ original

שוק , Targum Psalms 74, 3 משווק, משוק, see שְׁוַוח 2 ↗ original

שׁוּק 1 Polel; compare נשק) to touch, join, come in contact; (compare חפץ) to desire.—Denom. תְּשׁוּקָה. Hithpol. הִשְׁתֹּוקֵק, , Nithpol. נִשְׁתֹּוקֵק (denominative of תשוקה = התשוקק) to long for (with על). Yevamoth 62ᵇ (referring to תשוקתך, Genesis 3, 16) האשה מִשְׁתֹּוקֶקֶת על וכ׳ the wife has a desire for her husband when he is about to go on the road; Eruvin 100ᵇ; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 32. Kethuboth 65ᵃ (referring to שקויי, Hosea 2, 7) דברים … משתוקקת עליהן וכ׳ things which a woman longs for: jewelry. Bamidbar Rabbah section 10, beginning (referring to שוקיו, Song of Songs 5, 15) זה העולם שנ׳ הקב"ה וכ׳ that means the world, which the Lord has been longing to create; and elsewhere ↗ original

שׁוּק 2 (the preceding) = תְּשׁוּקָה, desire, longing. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 11 (referring to תשוקתו, the same place (ibid.)) שלשה שוקין הן אין שׁוּקָן של ישראל וכ׳ there are three kinds of desires: Israel longs for none but for his father in heaven; אין שׁוּקָהּ של אשה וכ׳ woman’s desire is for her husband; אין שׁוּקוֹ של יצר וכ׳ the evil temptation longs for Cain and the like of him; אין שׁוּקָן של גשמים וכ׳ the rains desire the earth (referring to ותשקקה, Psalms 65, 10); see תְּשׁוּקָה. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 117 (explained ותשקקה, see above) תן לה שׁוּקָהּ edition Buber edition (other edition תשוקתה) grant to her that for which she (the earth) longs.—plural שׁוּקִין, see above. ↗ original

שׁוּק 3 see שׁוּק I) [meeting place,] market, street. Bereshith Rabbah section 91 ש׳ של זונות the place where harlots meet. Pesachim 110ᵃ בזמן שלא ראה פני הש׳ if he has not seen the open, i.e. if he has not been in the open air between one cup and the other. Bava Kamma 115ᵃ תקנת הש׳ the market ordinance (that he who buys a stolen object publicly has a right to his purchasing money on restoring the object). Yevamoth 53ᵃ התרת יבמה לש׳ making a y’bamah permitted to all the world, i.e. freeing a woman from her dependence on her brother-in-law. the same place (ibid.) 98ᵇ פגע ביבמה לש׳ he might (on marrying her) strike on a ‘y’bamah abroad’, i.e. on one bound to another man as her yabam; and very frequently—Bamidbar Rabbah section 20¹⁸, and elsewhere בעל הש׳ market commissioner.—plural שְׁוָוקִים, שְׁוָוקִין, שְׁוָקִ׳. Ib.¹⁷ (explained קרית חצות, Numbers 22, 39) שעשה ש׳ של וכ׳ he arranged commercial markets. Shabbath 33ᵇ תקנו ש׳ וכ׳ they (the Romans in Palestine) made markets to place harlots there; Avodah Zarah 2ᵇ. Tosefta Makhshirin 3, 8 הבאין מבית הש׳ that are brought back from the market houses; and frequently—Constr. שׁוּקֵי. Eruvin 29ᵃ, and elsewhere הריני … בש׳ טבריא I am (to-day) as bright as Ben ʿAzzai was in the meeting places of Tiberias; and frequently ↗ original

שׁוֹק see שׁוּק I) [joint,] leg, foreleg, shoulder. Berachoth 24ᵃ ש׳ באשה ערוה a woman’s bare leg is an indecent sight, i.e. you are not permitted to say your prayers in sight of it. Chullin 10, 1 חייבין בחזה ובש׳ are subject to the law relating to breast and shoulder (Leviticus 7, 34). Menachoth 5, 6; and frequently—Dual שׁוֹקַיִם. Bereshith Rabbah section 98 שׁוֹקֵיהֶן, see פָּחָז. ↗ original

שׁוֹקָא see שָׁקָא ↗ original

שׁוּקָא = Hebrew שׁוּק 2, desire, pleasure, satisfaction. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 8, 11 לית ש׳ מן גביכון no satisfaction comes from you (the angels), i.e. your compliance with the Law would afford no satisfaction to Me, because you have no temptations and trials to contend with. ↗ original

שׁוּקָא 2 = Hebrew שׁוּק 3, market, open place, street. Targum Proverbs 1, 20 (Hebrew text (חוּץ). Targum Genesis 9, 22 (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition Vienna edition שׁוֹקָא); and frequently—Bava Bathra 22ᵃ יומא דש׳ market-day. the same place (ibid.) נקיט ליה ש׳, see נְקַט. Pesachim 110ᵃ חזי אפי ש׳ went out in the open air, see שׁוּק 3. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 8, 9 נפיק ליה לש׳ וכ׳ went to market to buy goods (see מְקָמָא 2); and frequently—plural שׁוּקִין, שׁוּקַיָּא, שׁוּקֵי. Targum 2 Samuel 22, 43 (some edition שקי, correct accordingly; Targum Psalms 18, 43 אשקקי). Targum Isaiah 24, 11. Targum Proverbs 7, 12; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 16, end, 15ᵈ בש׳ דארמאי in the streets of the gentiles; Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 4, 38ᵈ בשׁוּקָאֵי; and elsewhere—5. שְׁקָקָא. ↗ original

שׁוּקָה , see שׁוּקָא I ↗ original

שוקט , see שׁוֹקֶת ↗ original

שׁוֹקִי (שָׁקָה) irrigation; שדה של ש׳ a field dependent on irrigation, opposite של בעל. Tosefta Shevi'ith 2, 4; and frequently—Bamidbar Rabbah section 16²⁵ של שקר, read: שֹׁקִי; see בַּעַל. ↗ original

שׁוֹקְיוּתָא (see שׁוּק I; compare נֶשֶׁק) contact, combat. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 2 (play on ישקני, the same place (ibid.)) שׁוּקְיוּתְהוֹן על ידי their combat (in discussions of the Law) is for My sake; the same place (ibid.) מְשׁוּקְיוּתְהוֹן עלי; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 981 משיקות הם עלי (read: מְשִׁיקוֹתֵיהֶם Hebrew form, their combats etc.). ↗ original

שׁוֹקַעַת , see next article ↗ original

שׁוֹקְקֵי , see שְׁקָקָא ↗ original

שׁוֹקֶת trough, gutter, a grooved stone to receive and carry off the overflow of a well, sink. Mikvaoth 4, 5. Tosefta Parah V (4), 9 הש׳ שבטיט edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (other edition השוקט, correct accordingly; Rabbenu Shimshon to Parah 5, 7 של טיט) a sink which is formed by a rim of clay. the same place (ibid.) שׁוֹקַעַת שגממיות וכ׳ a sink which is surrounded by small cavities, if they are connected with the main sink etc. Parah 6, 1; Sukkah 37ᵃ; and frequently—[Tosefta Tohoroth 10, 3, quoted in Rabbenu Shimshon to Tohoroth 9, 1, see עֵקֶל).—plural שִׁקְתוֹת. Parah 5, 8. Bereshith Rabbah section 73; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁוַר , see שְׁוַור, שַׁוָּור. ↗ original

שׁוּר 1 to sing; Polel שׁוֹרֵר, see שִׁיר I. ↗ original

שׁוּר 2 מִדְבַּר ש׳ desert of Shur (caravan road), see כּוּב, a. next. word ↗ original

שׁוּר 3 wall, fortification, stronghold. Bereshith Rabbah section 98 (referring to שׁוֹר, Genesis 49, 6; see Targum Onkelos a. Yerushalmi (prefix) 1) עקרתון שׁוּרָן של גרים you have uprooted the stronghold (reliance) of proselytes (by dealing faithlessly with the Shechemites); בשביל … עקרתם שורן וכ׳ in order to gratify your passion, you have uprooted etc. protected habitation, civilized condition (compare יִשּׁוּב), opposite מדבר. Shemoth Rabbah section 24 (play on מדבר שור, Exodus 15, 22) עד שלא יצאו … נעשה העולם ש׳ before Israel went out of Egypt, the world was a desert (lawless); when they went forth, the world became civilized; עד שלא קיבלו … ש׳ before Israel received the Law, the world was a desert; when they received it, the world became etc. ↗ original

שׁוּר wall, fortification. Targum Onkelos Genesis 49, 6 (Yerushalmi (prefix) I שׁוֹר; see the preceding). Targum Lamentations 2, 8. Targum Proverbs 25, 28; and frequently—Echah Rabbah to 2, 8 (explained חל וחומה, the same place (ibid.)) ש׳ ובר ש׳ the large circumvallation and the smaller wall; Pesachim 86ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 7, 35ᵇ bottom of the page Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 2, 13ᵇ bottom of the page ש׳ דחמץ the wall of Emesa; M.Moed Katan 26ᵃ ש׳ דלודקיא the wall of Laodicea; and frequently—plural שׁוּרִין, שׁוּרַיָּא. Targum Exodus 14, 22. Targum 2 Kings 25, 4. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 28, 52; and frequently (see שׁוּרָה) line, road. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 7, 31ᶜ, see פּוּתְיָא.—5. שׁוּרְתָא. ↗ original

שׁוֹר 1 , Fleisher, appendix to Levys Targumic or Talmudic Lexicon to Levy Talmud Dictionary 4, p. 680) ox. Bava Kamma 65ᵇ ש׳ בן יומו קרוי ש׳ an ox on the day of his birth is called shor (by referring to Leviticus 22, 27). the same place (ibid.) 1, 1 הש׳ damage done by an ox (Exodus 21, 28; 22, 4). the same place (ibid.) 4, 7 ש׳ המדבר the ox of the desert (aurochs, being ownerless). Kilayim 8, 6; Chullin 80ᵃ בר(ה) ש׳ wild ox, aurochs; and frequently—Eruvin 53ᵇ (in enigmatic speech) ש׳ משפט (not במשפט) = תור דין = תְּרָדִין, see תְּרָדָא I.—plural שְׁוָורִים, שְׁוָורִין, שְׁוָר׳. Bereshith Rabbah section 75 (referring to Genesis 32, 6) משור אחד יצאו ש׳ הרבה from the one ox (which I originally possessed) many oxen went forth. Bava Kamma 3, 8. Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 9, 46ᵈ bottom of the page; and frequently ↗ original

שׁוֹר 2 chain, cord, especially umbilical cord. Vayikra Rabbah section 5 ואני חותכת את שׁוֹרְךָ and I shall cut thy umbilical cord (with which thou art attached to me); Yalkut Shimoni Job 908 טבורך). ↗ original

שׁוֹרָא same. Targum Ezekiel 13, 4.—Bereshith Rabbah section 36, beginning דנקטע שׁוֹרָךְ that we (1) may cut thy cord, see the preceding; Vayikra Rabbah section 5; Yalkut Shimoni Job 908. that we (1) may cut thy cord, see the preceding; Vayikra Rabbah section 5; Yalkut Shimoni Job 908. (compare כּוּנְשְׁרָא a. כָּשׁוֹרָא) joist, beam.—plural שׁוֹרַיָּא. Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 רבתי (חד בר נש), see שָׁרִיתָא. ↗ original

שׁוּרָא , see שׁוּר Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original

שׁוּרְבָּא , see שְׁרָבָא ↗ original

שׁוּרְבִּינָא (Shaf. of רְבֵי I) a species of cedar. Rosh Hashanah 23ᵃ (explained תאשור, Isaiah 41, 19) Munich manuscript (edition שוריבנא, correct accordingly; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note); Bava Bathra 80ᵇ; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 314.—plural שׁוּרְבָּנֵי. Targum Song of Songs 1, 17 (not ניה …). the same place (ibid.) 3, 9. ↗ original

שׁוּרָה (שרר) [chain,] line, row. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 8, end, 45ᶜ (referring to יָשֹׁר, Job 33, 27) יעשה ש׳ של אנשים וכ׳ let him form a line of men, and say, I have sinned etc.; (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 87ᵃ צריך לפייסו בשלש שורות וכ׳ must beg his pardon in the presence of three rows of three men each). Berachoth 3, 2 עד שלא יגיעו לש׳ before they reach the line (of comforters). Sanhedrin 19ᵃ כשהוא עובר בש׳ וכ׳ when he passes in the line to comfort others; וכשהוא עומד בש׳ וכ׳ and when he stands in the line to be comforted; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4, 1, and the following Kilayim 3, 3 ש׳ של ירק אחר a row (in the bed) of a different kind of vegetable. Demai 7, 8 ש׳ החיצונה the outer row (of wine vessels); and very frequently—Transferred rule of conduct. Bereshith Rabbah section 93 כהוגן וכש׳, see הוֹגָן. Bava Metzia 73ᵇ נוהג כש׳ he conducts himself properly. Sanhedrin 105ᵇ אהבה מבטלת ש׳ של גדולה love disregards the rule of dignified conduct (causes men to do things ordinarily left to servants); שנאה מבטלת ש׳ וכ׳ so does hatred disregard etc.; Bereshith Rabbah section 55 מקלקלת את הש׳; and frequently—שׁוּרַת הדין the line of justice, strict law; לפנים מש׳ הדין inside the line of justice, equity, see דִּין 2. Gittin 4, 4 ש׳ הדין העבד וכ׳ by strict law the hypothecated slave (emancipated by his owner) owes to the mortgagee nothing, but for the sake of social order, we force his second master (the mortgagee) to write a letter of emancipation etc. Mechilta Yithro, ʿAmal., section 2 (referring to Exodus 18, 20) ואת המעשה זה ש׳ הדין … לפנים מש׳ הדין ‘the deed’, that means strict law, ‘which they shall do’, that means equity; and frequently—plural שׁוּרוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 7ᵈ top תלמידי … ש׳ ש׳ ככרם the students at college who were arrayed in rows like (the vines in) the vineyard. Kilayim 4, 5 שתי ש׳ two rows of vines. Demai the passage cited עשר ש׳ וכ׳ ten rows of ten wine vessels each. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 3, 65ᶜ bottom of the page אבׄ … עושין לו ש׳ וכ׳ when the president enters (college), they must form lines for him, and he passes those which he chooses; (Horayoth 13ᵇ שורה אחת מכאן וכ׳ one line on each side). Mechilta Beshallach, ʿĂmal., section 1 העומדים בש׳ המלחמה who stand in the battle lines; and frequently ↗ original

שׁוּרָוָון , plural of שׁוּרְתָא. ↗ original

שוריבנא , see שׁוּרְבִּינָא ↗ original

שׁוּרַיי (שְׁרֵי) = הֶיתֵּר, permission; it is permitted. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 2, 22ᶜ המיתון נהיגין … ש׳ (not נגיחין) I saw them treat the fig-cake as permitted. the same place (ibid.) כל דחמי מיא ש׳ all the land that faces the sea is permitted; and elsewhere ↗ original

שׁוּרְיָינֵי (compare שִׁרְיָינָא) bands; ש׳ דעינא the muscles of the eye. Avodah Zarah 28ᵇ ש׳ דע׳ וכ׳ (variant reading in Tosafoth ס׳, compare סִרְיָינָא) the muscles of the eye are connected with (an affection of them has influence on) etc., see אֲבַנְתָּא. ↗ original

שׁוּרְיָיקָא (שרק, see סָרַק 2, compare Syriac (Peshitta) סרוקא Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 2750) stripe, streak. Pesachim 74ᵇ ש׳ דדמא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition שׁוּרְיָיקֵי דמא) a streak (streaks) of blood.—plural שׁוּרְיָיקֵי. Avodah Zarah 4ᵇ ש׳ סומקי Munich manuscript a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition ס׳) red stripes (in the white crest of a cock); Sanhedrin 105ᵇ סוּרְיָקֵי (some edition סִרְיָקֵי; Munich manuscript שִׁרְיָקֵי; Oxford manuscript שוריקי; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note); Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 300 שוריי׳. Chullin 47ᵇ ש׳ חיורי white stripes or shreds. the same place (ibid.) 93ᵇ ש׳ סומקי red veins; Bava Metzia 83ᵇ ש׳ סומקי (Munich manuscript סוריקי); Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 668 סוריקי, a. סורקי. ↗ original

שׁוּרִינְקָא (שְׁרַק I?) shurinḳa, a species of hawk. Chullin 63ᵃ (explained בר הדיא) ש׳ (Rashi שר׳; Munich manuscript שארינק׳, Manuscript Hamburg שורניקא; Manuscript Rome 3 שירינקא); Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 537 (edition Salon. a. manuscript שודינקא; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim to Chullin the passage cited note 2). ↗ original

שׁוּרְיָקָא , see שׁוּרְיָיקָא ↗ original

שׁוּרָנָא , see שׁוּנָּרָא ↗ original

שׁוּרְצִיפָא (compare Syriac (Peshitta) רצפא sandalium, Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 3972) a sort of shoe or slipper (for walking on stone floors רצפה). Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 12, 12ᶜ bottom of the page ש׳ דשנצוי (read: דשנצין) a shoe with plaited straps; (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 102ᵃ סנדל אית לה שינצין). ↗ original

שׁוֹרָר , see שָׁרָר ↗ original

שׁוֹרֶשׁ , see שֹׁרֶשׁ ↗ original

שׁוּרְתָא = Hebrew שׁוּרָה, row, line. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 18, 20 שׁוּרַת דינא; מלגיו לש׳, see שׁוּרָה.—plural שׁוּרָוָון. Targum Job 33, 27 manuscript variant reading יעביד ש׳ וכ׳ let him form lines of men (Hebrew text יָשֹׁר), see שׁוּרָה. ↗ original

שׂוּשׂ (Biblical Hebrew) to be bright, quick, glad. Shabbath 28ᵃ ששָׂשׂ בגוונין וכ׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) שסָס), see סַסְגּוֹנָא. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 9; Mechilta Beshallach section 6 (play on לססתי, Song of Songs the passage cited) כשם ששַׂשְׂתִּי על … כך (כמעט) ששתי על וכ׳ as I was quick to destroy the Egyptians, so I was (almost) ready to destroy Israel etc. the same place (ibid.) 1 they praised God שלא ראו … ושָׂשׂוּ וכ׳ that their enemies had not seen (the deaths among them), and rejoiced at their calamity. Bava Metzia 83ᵇ שִׂישׂוּ בני מעי שישו rejoice, my entrails, rejoice! Sanhedrin 39ᵇ הוא אינו שָׂשׂ … מֵשִׂישׂ the Lord himself does not rejoice (over the downfall of the wicked), but he causes others to rejoice; דכתיב יָשִׂישׂ ולא כתיב יָשׂוּשׂ for it is written (Deuteronomy 28, 63) yasis (Hif'il), and not yasus (Kal); Megillah 10ᵇ; and elsewhere Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֵשִׂישׂ to gladden. the same place (ibid.), see above. Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 19 כבד לחמה … הריאה מְשַׂשְׂתָּן the liver is the organ of anger, the gall, of jealousy, the lungs gladden them again; and elsewhere ↗ original

שׁוּשׁ Shush or Sh’vash (probably the modern Sus = Shushan, see Sm. Gr. a. Rom. Geogr. under the word Susa). Sanhedrin 94ᵃ כי מטי שׁוֹש אמרי שׁוֹיא לארעין Rashi (edition כי ארעין) when they (the Jewish exiles) came to Sh., they said, this is as good as our land. the same place (ibid.) שוש תרי, see שׁוּשְׁתְּרֵי. ↗ original

שׁוּשָׁא , plural שׁוּשֵׁי licorice-wood (see Löw Low, Aramaische Pflanzennamen, Leipzig 1881 p. 378). Sukkah 12ᵇ ↗ original

שׁוֹשְׁבִין (= שבשבין; שבב, compare שֵׁיבָבָא, Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 4341) friend, especially the bridegroom’s friend or best man who offers gifts and is entitled to reciprocation; also the bride’s friend or agent. Sanhedrin 3, 5 אוהב זה שׁוֹשְׁבִינוֹ by ‘friend’ (as disqualified for witness) one’s best man is meant. Bava Bathra 144ᵇ לימא תנו לי שׁוֹשְׁבִינִי ואשמח עמו he may say, get me my best man (in whose name the gifts were sent at my wedding), that I may rejoice with him (but since he is dead, I am under no obligation to reciprocate). Tanchuma Korah 8 לש׳ בתו של מלך וכ׳ this is to be compared to the case of the agent of the king’s daughter (who had to guard her interest at the consummation of the marriage, see below), who kept the testimonials of her virginity in his charge; Bamidbar Rabbah section 18¹²; and frequently—[Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 729 שושבינו, read: שׁוֹשָׁטוֹ, see שׁוֹשָׁטָה.]—plural שׁוֹשְׁבִינִין. Tosefta Kethuboth 1, 4 ביהודה היו מעמידין שני ש׳ אחד משל וכ׳ in Judaea they used to put up two groomsmen (as guards), one appointed by the groom’s, and one by the bride’s family; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 25ᵃ; Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 12ᵃ; and elsewhere ↗ original

שׁוֹשְׁבִינָא , also (the king’s) friend, counsellor (compare Assyr. susabinu, Delitzsch, Friedrich Assyr. Handw., p. 506). Targum I Kings 4, 5 (Hebrew רֵעֶה). Targum Judges 14, 20. Targum 2 Samuel 15, 37; and frequently—Yevamoth 63ᵃ, see דַּרְגָּא.—plural שׁוֹשְׁבִינֵי. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 32, 50. ↗ original

שׁוֹשְׁבִינוּת (the preceding) groomsmanship; wedding gifts. Bava Bathra 9, 4 (144ᵇ) האחים שעשו מקצתן ש׳ … חזרה ש׳ וכ׳ (Mishnah edition שׁוֹשְׁבָנוּת) if a part of the brothers have served as somebody’s groomsmen in their father’s lifetime (the gifts having been furnished by the father), the gifts returned (on the occasion of a wedding in their family) go into the common fund of the estate; שהש׳ נגבית בב"ד for the reciprocation of wedding gifts can be legally enforced. the same place (ibid.) 144ᵇ שלח לו אביו ש׳ if the father sent the gifts for him (his son, specifying him as the donor); שלח אביו ש׳ סתם if the father sent the gifts without specifying the donor. the same place (ibid.) נשתלחה לאביו ש׳ if the gifts (in the son’s behalf) were sent in the father’s name; and elsewhere ↗ original

שׁוֹשְׁבִינוּתָא Bava Bathra 145ᵇ כללא דש׳ הוה וכ׳ the general rule about groomsmanship is: if he (who is bound to reciprocate) lives in the same town, he might have come (to the wedding uninvited, and his reciprocation is legally due). ↗ original

שׁוֹשְׁבִינְתָּא (the preceding words) connected by groomsmanship in the families, kinswoman, intimate friend. Kiddushin 81ᵃ שׁוֹשְׁבִינְתֵּיה הואי וכ׳ (Rashi שׁוֹשְׁבִנְתֵּיה) she was his kinswoman, and therefore was intimate with him. ↗ original

שׁוֹשְׁבָנוּת , see שׁוֹשְׁבִינוּת ↗ original

שׁוֹשַׁבְתָּא , see שְׁבִשְׁתָּא ↗ original

שׁוֹשָׁטָה (reduplic. of שׁוֹט) rod-holder, keeper of a vivarium. Vayikra Rabbah section 5 משל לש׳ של דוב וכ׳ this is like the case of the keeper of a bear that ate the bear’s rations (see סִידּוּר); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 469 שושנה (correct accordingly). Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 729 שׁוֹשָׁטוֹ (not שושבינו) his (the lion’s) keeper. ↗ original

שׁוֹשִׁיבָא (compare next word) a species of locusts with long heads. Avodah Zarah 37ᵃ (explained אייל קמצא). ↗ original

שׁוֹשִׁיבְתָּא , see שׁוֹשַׁבְתָּא ↗ original

שׁוֹשִּׁילְתָּא , see שַׁלְשֶׁלְתָּא ↗ original

שׁוֹשִׁיפָא (= שפשיפ׳, see שפשף; compare τρίβων) a coarse cloak, used also as a bed-sheet. Targum 2 Kings 2, 8 (Hebrew text אדרת). Targum I Samuel 21, 10 (Hebrew text שמלה). Targum Deuteronomy 22, 17. Targum Onkelos Genesis 38, 18 (edition Berlin edition שׁוֹשִׁיפָ׳; edition Vienna edition שׁוֹשִׁפָּ׳; Hebrew text פתיל); the same place (ibid.) 25; Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 the same place (ibid.) Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 32, 4 (Hebrew text בחרט; see זַיְפָא); and frequently—Vayikra Rabbah section 6 הוו ציירין בשׁוֹשִׁיפָהּ וכ׳ three Denars were tied up in her cloak.—plural שׁוֹשִׁיפִין, שׁוֹשִׁיפַיָּא. Targum Isaiah 3, 22 (Hebrew text מעטפות). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Exodus 12, 34. ↗ original

שׁוּשְׁלָא , see שׁלְשֶׁלְתָּא ↗ original

שׁוּשִׁמָא , see sub שׁוּמְשְׁמָ׳. ↗ original

שׁוּשַׁן (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a place Shushan, Susa, the capital of the Persian empire; שׁ׳ הַבִּירָה the Castle of S. Middoth 1, 3 שער המזרחי עליו ש׳ הב׳ צורה the eastern gate of the Temple mount on which the picture of the Castle of S. was sculptured. Kelim 17, 9 שתי אמות בש׳ הב׳ two standard cubit measures were deposited in the gate called the Castle of S.; Menachoth 98ᵃ; Bechoroth 39ᵇ and the following; Pesachim 86ᵃ. Megillah 2ᵇ מה ש׳ מוקפת וכ׳ as S. was known to be a fortified city since the days of Ahasverus etc. the same place (ibid.) לחלק בין ש׳ וכ׳ to make a distinction between S. and other towns; and frequently ↗ original

שׁוֹשַׁן = next word Targum Exodus 25, 33 (Hebrew text פרח). Targum Hosea 14, 6. Targum I Kings 7, 19; and frequently—plural שׁוֹשַׁנִּין, שׁוֹשׁנַּיָּא. Targum Isaiah 35, 1 (Hebrew text חבצלת). Targum Onkelos Exodus 25, 31; 34 (Yerushalmi (prefix) שׁוֹשַׁנְיָי׳). Targum I Kings 6, 18 (Hebrew text צצים). Targum 2 Chronicles 3, 10 (Hebrew text צעצעים); and elsewhere ↗ original

שׁוֹשַׁנָּה (Biblical Hebrew; = שנשנ׳, flower, especially lily. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 2; Vayikra Rabbah section 23, see וֶרֶד I. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 1, see חֲבַצֶּלֶת. the same place (ibid.) המשובח שבמינים כש׳ … שׁוֹשַׁנַּת העמקים (the righteous are compared to) the most precious of the various kinds (of flowers), to the lily, and to the finest of that species which is the lily of the valley. the same place (ibid.) שושנת ההר the mountain lily. Vayikra Rabbah section 12, beginning, and elsewhere כש׳ אדומה like a red lily (euphem. for light menstruation). Kilayim 5, 8 שושנת המלך the king’s lily (κρίνον βασιλικόν), white lily; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 13. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 3, 53ᵈ, see כַּרְמֶל; and frequently—Transferred knob of a nail. Bamidbar Rabbah section 14, see מִסְמָר; Pesikta Rabbati section 3.—[Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 459, see שׁוֹשָׁטָה.] ↗ original

שׁוֹשַׁנְתָּא , see שׁוֹשַׁן ↗ original

שׁוֹשִׁפָּא , see שׁוֹשִׁיפָא ↗ original

שׁוּשְׁתְּרֵי Shusht’ré (probably modern Shuster), in the Babylonian empire (see Neubauer Geographie du Talmud, Paris 1868 p. 382). Sanhedrin 94ᵃ כי מטו לש׳ על חד תרי Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition לשוש תרי, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 200) when the Jewish exiles came to Sh., they said, ‘for one (good land) we have found two’; see שׁוּשׁ. ↗ original

שׁוּתָא 1 (= שׁוּעֲתָא; compare טוּנָא = טוּעֲנָא; שְׁעֵי) talk. Kiddushin 70ᵇ השתא ש׳ דמר וכ׳ now I do not understand your talk at all. Megillah 14ᵇ, see פִּלְכָא. Bava Bathra 39ᵃ לא תיפוק לכו ש׳ let no talk come from you, do not talk about it; לא מפקינן ש׳ we shall not talk about it. Sukkah 56ᵇ, see יָנוּקָא I; and elsewhere ↗ original

שׁוּתָא 2 (= שיחתא; שְׁחַת; Assyr. šûtu, Delitzsch, Friedrich Assyr. Handw., p. 648) [destruction,] shutha, a severe south wind; [Aruch (Sefer HeArukh): east wind]. Shabbath 32ᵃ ביומא דש׳ on a day when the shutha blew. Yevamoth 72ᵃ יומא דעיבא ויימא דש׳ וכ׳ on a cloudy day and on a shutha day we do not perform circumcision etc. ↗ original

שׁוּתָּא ) feminine (= שוחתא, see שְׁוַוח I; see Löw Low, Aramaische Pflanzennamen, Leipzig 1881, p. 264) sproutings of the caper-tree. Berachoth 36ᵃ צלף … אדעתא דש׳ people will plant a caper-tree for the sake of the sproutings. ↗ original

שׁוּתָּא ² ) feminine (= שוחתא; compare שׁוּחַ) trap made of frame work or a block. Bava Kamma 117ᵃ ההוא ש׳ דהוו וכ׳ two men had a dispute about a trap (and the animals caught in it). Shabbath 124ᵇ אייתו ליה ש׳ וכ׳ bring a trap for Kahana to sit on; הכי אמר להו שקולו ש׳ וכ׳ thus he said to them, remove the trap to make room for Kahana. ↗ original

שׁוֹתִי (שָׁתָה 1; compare Biblical Hebrew שְׁתִי) [drinkableness,] body of wine, strength. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 11, 47ᶜ, and the following (explained ממעיטו, Mishnah Terumoth 11, 1) ממעטהו משׁוֹתְיוֹ he lessens its body (by boiling), contradistinguished to ממידתו its quantity; the same place (ibid.) 2, end, 41ᵈ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 41ᶜ top of the page ↗ original

שׁוּתָּף (= משותף; שָׁתַף) associate, partner. Tosefta Sanhedrin 8, 7 אדם … ש׳ היה עמו וכ׳ Adam was the last created, in order that the heretics might not say, he was God’s associate in his work; Sanhedrin 38ᵃ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 3, 14ᵃ bottom of the page ש׳ … כנוטע ברשות if a partner goes in and plants (a portion of the ground), he is considered as one who plants with the owner’s assent, i.e. he cannot claim the cultivated portion as his exclusive property on the ground of undisturbed possession; Babylonian Bava Bathra 42ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) ש׳ אין לו חזקה (not שותפות) a partner cannot claim possession (see חֲזָקָה). Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 1, 19ᵇ top ש׳ ליסטים כליסטים a robber’s partner is considered a robber; and frequently—plural שׁוּתָּפִים, שׁוּתָּפִין. Bava Bathra 3, 3. the same place (ibid.) 1, 1; and frequently—Kiddushin 30ᵇ שלשה ש׳ הן באדם וכ׳ three partners have a share in man: the Lord, his father, and his mother; if a man honors his parents etc.; Niddah 31ᵃ; and elsewhere—Fem. שׁוּתֶּפֶת. Bereshith Rabbah section 56 שהיתה ש׳ בשני וכ׳ she (Tadmor) took part in the two destructions of the Temple; Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 69ᵇ bottom of the page; Echah Rabbah to 2, 2. ↗ original

שׁוּתָּף ² Targum 2 Esther 7, 9. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 31, 50 (edition Vienna edition שׁוּתֵף).—plural שׁוּתָּפִין, שׁוּתָּפֵי. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 20, 13. Targum Isaiah 1, 23; and elsewhere—[the same place (ibid.) 59, 3 edition Lagarde edition, read: שׁוּטְפִין.]—Yoma 86ᵃ כדשקיל בישרא מתרי ש׳ when he bought meat of two partners.—[Bereshith Rabbah section 36 שותפי, see שְׁתַף.]—Fem. שׁוּתָּפָא, שׁוּתַּפְתָּא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 21, 16. Targum Malachi 2, 14.—[Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 38, 18, see שַׁתְּפָא.] ↗ original

שׁוּתָּפוּת (the preceding) partnership, association. Yevamoth 101ᵃ נאמר … שאין בה ש׳ וכ׳ cursing is mentioned with reference to those below (parents, Exodus 21, 17), and with reference to Him above (Leviticus 24, 15): as there is no association above, so must there be no association below (i.e. the curse to be punishable must refer to each singly). Sanhedrin 63ᵇ אסור לאדם שיעשה ש׳ וכ׳ one must not form a partnership with an idolater, lest he may have to swear, and he would swear by his idol etc.; Bechoroth 2ᵇ. Pesachim 112ᵃ (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) למיעבד ש׳ בהדיה to go into partnership with him (on whom ‘the hour smiles’). Eruvin 71ᵇ שלקחו … בש׳ when they bought a cask of wine in partnership. Tosefta Kethuboth 9, 3 כל זמן ששותף יוצא משׁוּתָּפוּתוֹ (not משותפתו) as soon as the partner goes out of his partnership. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 3, 19ᵇ top; and elsewhere ↗ original

שׁוּתָּפוּתָא Targum Leviticus 5, 21 שׁוּתָּפוּת ידא (Hebrew text תשומת יד). ↗ original

שותפת , Tosefta Kethuboth 9, 3, see שׁוּתָּפוּת ↗ original

שׁוּתֶּפֶת , see שׁוּתָּף Hebrew a. Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original

שׁוֹתַר (Shaf. of יתר), Ishtaf. אִשְׁתּוֹתַר to be left over. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 4, 27. the same place (ibid.) 7, 20. Targum Proverbs 2, 21.—5. שְׁתַר. ↗ original

שֵׁזֵב , see sub שֵׁיז׳. ↗ original

שְׁזַג (Shaf. of זגג) to cleanse, wash, rinse. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 8, 21 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition חליל). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 19, 2. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Exodus 29, 17 (edition Vienna edition ותַשְׁזַג Af; some edition ותשזק). Targum Psalms 73, 13; and frequently—participle pass. שְׁזִיג clean. Targum Job 33, 9 (Hebrew text חף).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 3, 30ᵃ אלא אין ש׳ וכ׳ unless he washes his hands in water (between forming one cake and the other). Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁזֵּג same. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 43, 31 (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 the same place (ibid.) 30, misplaced, ושזגי, read: ושַׁזֵּיג).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 1, 15ᶜ bottom of the page אנא בעיא מְשַׁזְּגָה ריגלוי וכ׳ I want to wash his feet etc. (to show him honor); Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 61ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᵃ נהיגין … ומְשַׁזְּגִין וכ׳ we used to sit before Rabbi (and were taught,) you may put oil on muddy shoes, or wash them, but not scrape them (on the Sabbath); Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 28ᵃ bottom of the page משיגין (correct accordingly). Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 41ᵈ bottom of the page מְשַׁזְּגָא; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 7, 50ᶜ bottom of the page משיגא (correct accordingly), see אִסְקוּפְתָּא Af'el הִפְעִיל אַשְׁזֵיג same. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Exodus 29, 17, see above.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 3, 74ᵃ bottom of the page מַשְׁזִיג, see גּוּרְנָא. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׁתְּזַג to be cleansed, washed. Targum Proverbs 30, 12. Targum Job 9, 30 manuscript (edition אסחיית). ↗ original

שְׁזוֹג (the preceding) water in which something has been washed. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 6, 3. ↗ original

שִׁזּוּגָא , see שִׁיזּוּגָא ↗ original

שְׁזוֹרִי of Sh’zor (supposed to be Shighor, near K’far Anan in Galilee, see Neubauer Geographie du Talmud, Paris 1868 p. 278). Demai 4, 1; Chullin 75ᵇ; and frequently שמעון ש׳ (see Friedman Darkhé, p. 131 and the following). ↗ original

שֵׁזֵיב , see שֵׁיזֵב ↗ original

שֵׁזִיבוּ , see שֵׁיזָבוּ ↗ original

שְׁזֵיג , see שְׁזַג ↗ original

שְׁזִיר (שְׁזַר) participle passive of שְׁזַר. twisted thread, cord. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 28, 28; 39, 31 ש׳ חוטא (Hebrew text פתיל). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 15, 38.—plural, see שֵׁזְרָא ↗ original

שָׁזַף , see זָפַף a. זֶפֶת)to blacken, tarnish. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 6 כך אנו … שְׁזָפַתְנוּ so it is with us, when the sun of idolatry blackened us (we may become white again); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 982.—participle passive שָׁזוּף; plural שְׁזוּפִים. Shir HaShirim Rabbah the passage cited אבל אתם ש׳ וכ׳ but you (gentile idolaters) are black (soiled by idolatry) from your mother’s womb. ↗ original

שִׁזְפִין , see שִׁיזְפִין ↗ original

שִׁזְפַּר Shizpar. Rosh Hashanah 22ᵃ ש׳ ראשה וכ׳ (Munich manuscript 2 שיזפר; Munich manuscript 1 שחפו, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) Sh. the magistrate of Geder. ↗ original

שְׁזַק , see שְׁזַג ↗ original

שָׁזַר to twist.—participle passive שָׁזוּר; plural שְׁזוּרִים, שְׁזוּרִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 8, 51ᵇ top (referring to Exodus 26, 31) אילו נאמר חוט … שזור לשלשה מָשְׁזָר לששה וכ׳ if the text had ḥuṭ (thread), it would have meant one doubled to two, shazur would have meant triplex, moshzar means sixfold etc. Eruvin 96ᵇ בש׳ it means twisted threads (yarn, which is not used for weaving). ↗ original

שְׁזַר —participle passive שְׁזִיר. Targum Exodus 26, 1, and frequently (Hebrew text משזר).—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 4, 6 (Hebrew text כליל תכלת).—Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 רבתי (חד מאת׳ 2) [read:] שְׁזוֹר לי מיניה חוטין וכ׳ twist threads for me out of it (the sand), and I will mend it; (Bechoroth 8ᵇ כרוכו לי מיניה גרדי). ↗ original

שֵׁזְרָא (the preceding) twisted thread, cord; see שְׁזִיר.—plural שֵׁזְרִין. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 39, 3 (Hebrew text פתילם). ↗ original

שִׁזְרָה (the preceding) cord, especially spinal column; skeleton (interch. with שִׁדְרָה); in a transferred sense stem, rib of a plant. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 9, 23ᶜ top מציינין על הש׳ וכ׳ you must mark the spot as unclean if you find a spinal column or a skull. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, 65ᶜ top כנגד … שבש׳ corresponding to the eighteen vertebræ of the spinal column. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 3, 53ᶜ bottom of the page לולב … ש׳ the Lulab must be a handbreadth high, not counting the stem; and frequently—plural שִׁזְרוֹת, שִׁי׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 42ᵃ כל שהראשים והש׳ וכ׳ (fish-brine) in which the heads and the spines are intact; (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 40ᵃ ראש ושדרה).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, beginning 5ᶜ שִׁיזְרֵי חריות stems of dry twigs (probably to be read: שִׁיּוּרֵי, see חֶרְיָה). ↗ original

שֵׁזַרְתָּא Targum Onkelos Leviticus 3, 9 (edition Berachoth שַׁזַּ׳, see שַׁדַּרְתָּא). Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 12, 5; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, 46ᵃ שְׁזַרְתֵּיה דחיוי וכ׳ we found in them the skeleton of a serpent. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, 3ᵇ ש׳, see נַדַּל. ↗ original

שְׁחָאתָא (שְׁחֵי 1; compare Hebrew שֶׁחִי) arm-pit. Targum Proverbs 19, 24; 26, 15 edition Lagarde edition (edition Vilna edition שַׁחֲתָא; Hebrew text צלחת!). ↗ original

שחביב , see משחביב ↗ original

שְׁחַד (see שׁוֹחַד) to win the favor of, bribe. Targum Ezekiel 16, 33. Targum Job 6, 22. Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁחֵד same. Sanhedrin 43ᵇ שַחוּדֵי שַׁחֲדֵיה במילי he (Joshua) won him (Achan) over with persuasive words. ↗ original

שָׁחָה , see שחי ↗ original

שַׁחְוָוא (שְׁחֵי 1) pit, grave. Targum Job 17, 14 edition Lagarde edition (edition Vilna edition שַׁחֲתָא); and elsewhere; see שְׁוָוחָא. ↗ original

שַׁחְוַור (interch. with שַׁחְוָן) town-captain. Bava Bathra 47ᵃ אי לאו דאודי … לש׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) לשחרן, read: לשחון; Alfasi edition Const. לשַׁהֲוָאן) if he had not confessed to him (that he had given him the ass as a present), he would have surrendered him and his ass to the captain (for confiscation). Sifré Deuteronomy 6 (proverb) עבד … הדבק לש׳ וישתחוו לך a king’s servant is a king, attach thyself to the captain, and they will bow down before thee; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 801 הדבק לש׳ וישחון לך; Bereshith Rabbah section 16 הדבק לש׳ ‘Rashi’ (edition לשיחין, לשיחן, לשיחון; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) דבוק לשחון). ↗ original

שָׁחוּז , see שָׁחַז ↗ original

שָׁחוּל (שָׁחַל 2) [loose,] an animal with a dislocated hip. Bechoroth 6, 7 (40ᵃ); Betzah 35ᵇ.—5. שָׁחַל. ↗ original

שְׁחוֹלִית (שָׁחַל 1, answering to λεπίς, squama aeris) metal shavings, filings. Kelim 11, 3. Tosefta Chullin 6, 11 (corresp. to שחיקת כלי מתכות, Chullin 88ᵇ).—[Cmp. שִׁחְלַיִים.] ↗ original

שָׁחוּם , see שָׁחַם ↗ original

שְׁחוּם (שְׁחַם) dark, black (or brown). Targum Onkelos Genesis 30, 32, and the following (Hebrew text חוּם; Yerushalmi (prefix) לחוש); and elsewhere ↗ original

שַׁחְוָן (compare Syriac (Peshitta) שחנה, Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 4122) chief of the town garrison, prefect. Bereshith Rabbah section 16 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition שיחין, שיחן, שיחון), see שַׁחְוַור; [Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) דבוק לש׳ ויִשְׁחוֹן לך (see שָׁחַן) stick to one that is hot, and thou shalt be hot]. ↗ original

שַׂחוָנָא , see שׂחְיָנָא ↗ original

שָׁחוּף , see שָׁחַף ↗ original

שָׁחוּץ , see שָׁחַץ ↗ original

שְׂחוֹק laughter, sport, jest. Avoth 3, 13, see קַלּוּת. Shemoth Rabbah section 42 (referring to לצחק, Exodus 32, 6) אין ש׳ האמור כאן וכ׳ the sport here mentioned means idolatry, debauchery, and bloodshed; ומנין לש׳ שהוא וכ׳ and whence is it proved that ‘sport’ refers to bloodshed? (Answ. referring to 2 Samuel 2, 14). Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 1, 16ᵃ bottom of the page שעשה דמן … ש׳ he (Abner) made the blood of lads an object of sport (referring to 2 Samuel the passage cited). Berachoth 31ᵃ אסוֹר לאדם … ש׳ פיו וכ׳ man should not fill his mouth with laughter in this world (of oppression). the same place (ibid.) מתוך ש׳ in a mood of laughter, see עֲצֵבוּת; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, beginning 8ᵈ. Pesachim 117ᵃ; Shabbath 30ᵇ אין שכינה … מתוך ש׳ וכ׳ holy inspiration does not rest upon man when he is in a mood of grief, or indolence, or laughter etc. the same place (ibid.) (referring to Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 7, 3) טוב כעס … מש׳ שמשחק וכ׳ better is the anger the Lord shows the righteous (by trials) in this world, than the laughter the Lord laughs with the wicked (when he makes them prosper) in this world. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 6, 11 מה אגוז זה ש׳ … ושעשוע וכ׳ as the nut is a plaything for children and an entertainment for kings, so is Israel etc.; and frequently—Eruvin 65ᵇ אף בשַׂחֲקוֹ man’s character is also recognized in his jesting.—[Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 620 ד׳ שחוק הן, see שְׂחִיקָה.]—plural שְׂחוֹקִים. Koheleth Rabbah to 10, 19 (referring to לשחוק עושים לחם the same place (ibid.)) לש׳ של יראות עושים לחם for the revelries of idolatries they prepare bread, but the wine etc. ↗ original

שָׁחוֹר charred, black; charred or black thing. Parah 3, 11 ש׳ שיש בו אפר a charred piece (of the red cow) which is easily pulverized. Kethuboth 36ᵃ, and elsewhere עד שירבה ש׳ וכ׳ until the black prevails over the white (until the hair in the hair-covered parts of the body seems to prevail over the bare spots). Gittin 19ᵃ כתבו באבר בש׳ וכ׳ if one wrote a letter of divorce with lead, with a black pigment (dry ink), or with coal; Shabbath 104ᵇ. Vayikra Rabbah section 31 אין אדם … מתוך הש׳ man does not see through the white of the eye, but through the black. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 5 ש׳ אני במעשי וכ׳ I am black (soiled) through my own deeds, but beautiful etc., see נָאוֶה. the same place (ibid.) ש׳ אני במצרים I was black (despised) in Egypt. the same place (ibid.) ש׳ אני כל ימות וכ׳ I am black (with sins) all the days of the year, but beautiful on the Day of Atonement; and frequently—plural שְׁחוֹרִים, שְׁחוֹרִין; שְׁחוֹרוֹת. Nedarim 3, 8 הנודר משְׁחוֹרֵי הראש וכ׳ if one forswears benefits from ‘black-headed people’, he is forbidden etc.; שאין נקראין ש׳ הראש וכ׳ by ‘black-headed’ are understood grown up men generally (without regard to the condition of their hair). Bereshith Rabbah section 59, beginning ר׳ מאיר … שחורי ראש R. M. came to Mamle where he saw none but black-haired people (no aged among them). Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 5, 11 (referring to שְׁחֹרוֹת the same place (ibid.)) אלו ת"ח … כעורין וש׳ וכ׳ this refers to the students: although they appear ungainly and black in this world etc.; the same place (ibid.) אלו תלמודות … כעורות וש׳ וכ׳ this refers to such texts of the Law as appear too ugly and black (referring to unæsthetic subjects) to speak of them in public, but the Lord says, they are pleasing etc.; Vayikra Rabbah section 19; and frequently ↗ original

שָׁחוֹר 2 (שָׁחַר 1) hair-pinchers; (other opinion razor). Kelim 13, 1 (edition Dehr. שָׁחִיר); Betzah 35ᵇ ↗ original

שְׁחוֹרָה , see שָׁחוֹר I ↗ original

שְׁחוֹרִין coals, see שִׁיחוֹרָא. ↗ original

שַׁחְוְתָא , see שַׁחְוָוא ↗ original

שָׁחַז (compare חָזָה) to expose to sight, uncover. participle passive feminine שְׁחוּזָה; plural שְׁחוּזוֹת. Shabbath 5, 2 רחלות יוצאות ש׳ ewes (on the Sabbath) may be led out (with their posteriors) exposed; the same place (ibid.) 53ᵇ מאי שחׄוזׄות שאוחׄזׄין וכ׳ what is sh’ḥuzoth? They tie their tails up in order etc. the same place (ibid.) מאי משמע דהאי ש׳ לישנא דגלוי הוא what evidence is there that sh’ḥuzoth has the meaning of uncovering? (Answ. referring to שׁית זוֹנה, Proverbs 7, 10, see שׁוּזָה.) Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁחִיז to brighten, polish; to whet, sharpen. Kelim 14, 5 הסכין משיַשְׁחִיזֶנָּה the knife becomes susceptible of levitical uncleanness, when he (the manufacturer) polishes it. Chullin 2, 3 ה׳ … ועף וכ׳ if one whetted the knife and (in beginning to cut) felt tired, and another person continued the cutting. Betzah 3, 7 אין מַשְׁחִיזִין וכ׳ you must not whet the knife (to slaughter on the Holy Day), but etc., see נָשָׂא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 40ᶜ bottom of the page אין מוכרין … ואין משחיזין וכ׳ you must not sell them (the gentiles in Palestine) weapons or armor, nor may you sharpen weapons for them; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁחַז ; participle passive שְׁחִיז whetted, see below. Af'el הִפְעִיל אַשְׁחֵיז to polish, whet. Targum Psalms 7, 13 יַשְׁחֵיז manuscript (edition שחיז; Hebrew text ילטש). ↗ original

שָׁחַח (Biblical Hebrew) to bend, bow (interch. with שָׁחָה a. שׁוּחַ). Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 3ᶜ bottom of the page אלו … ששׁוֹחֲחִין וכ׳ these are the benedictions at which you must bow etc.; השׁוֹחֵחַ … שלא יָשׁוֹחַ (or יָשׁוּחַ) if one bows at every benediction, we teach him that he must not do so; Berachoth 34ᵃ; Bereshith Rabbah section 39 והשׁוֹחֶה … לָשׁוֹחַ (or לָשׁוּחַ); Tosefta Berachoth 1, 9 השׁוֹחֶה … שלא יִשְׁחֶה. Ruth Rabbah to 2, 5 כל הנשים שׁוֹחֲחוֹת וכ׳ all other women stooped in gleaning, but she (Ruth) sat down; (Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 601 עומדות). ↗ original

שָׁחַט 1 to draw, stretch. participle passive שָׁחוּט. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 4, 41ᵈ top (explained זהב שׁחוט, I Kings 10, 17) שהיה משוך כשעוה it was drawn out like wax; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 10; Yoma 45ᵃ שנטוה כחוט it was spun like a thread; Chullin 30ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) (to prove that in slaughtering you must draw the knife over the animal’s throat and not chop) אין ושחט אלא ומשך וכ׳ v’shaḥaṭ (Leviticus 1, 5) means and ‘he shall draw’, and so it says zahab shaḥuṭ (see above) and also ḥets shaḥuṭ (Jeremiah 9, 7; Keri שוחט). ↗ original

שָׁחַט 2 to cut the throat, especially to slay an animal by cutting the throat according to ritual laws. Chullin 1, 1 הכל שׁוֹחֲטִין וכ׳ all persons are fit to do the ritual slaughtering, and their act is legal, except etc.; וכולן ששָׁחֲטוּ וכ׳ and all those (mentioned as unfit), if they cut under the supervision of others etc. the same place (ibid.) 2, 3 היה שׁוֹחֵט והתיז וכ׳ if he was cutting (drawing the knife across the throat, see the preceding) and cut the head off with one movement. the same place (ibid.) 1 השוחט … ושנים וכ׳ if one cuts one organ (windpipe or gullet, see סִימָן) of a bird, and two etc.; the same place (ibid.) עד שיִשְׁחוֹט וכ׳, see וָרִיד; and frequently—participle passive שָׁחוּט; feminine שְׁחוּטָה etc. Niddah 15ᵃ שור ש׳ לפניך the ox lies slaughtered before thee, i.e. the evidence is before you. Chullin 95ᵃ בְּשַׂר ש׳ meat of an animal ritually cut, opposite בשר נבלה; and frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׁחַט to be cut, killed according to ritual. the same place (ibid.) 9ᵃ עד … במה נִשְׁחֲטָה, see חֲזָקָה. the same place (ibid.) נשחטה הרי היא וכ׳ if it has been properly slaughtered, it is presumed to be permitted until etc.; and frequently Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁחִיט to cause to slaughter. the same place (ibid.) 5, 4 בארבע … מַשְׁחִיטִין את הטבח וכ׳ at these four periods we force the butcher to slaughter (provide meat); Eruvin 81ᵇ ↗ original

שְׁחַט —[Targum Onkelos Numbers 11, 32 edition Vienna edition, see שְׁטַח.]—Chullin 28ᵃ and the following היכי נעביד נִשְׁחֲטֵיה … קשְׁחִיט how shall we proceed? shall we cut it and then examine (the gullet)? Maybe it was cut at a perforated spot. Megillah 7ᵇ שַׁחֲטֵיה לר׳ וכ׳ he cut R. Zera’s throat; and frequently—participle passive שְׁחִיט, see above. Chullin 4ᵃ הוה ש׳ שפיר was properly cut. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׁתְּחִיט to be cut. Gittin 69ᵇ ↗ original

שָׂחַט , see סָחַט ↗ original

שְׂחֵי to swim, see סְחֵי. ↗ original

שחי to curve; to bend, bow; to lower one’s self. Tosefta Berachoth 1, 9; Berachoth 34ᵃ; Bereshith Rabbah section 39, and elsewhere, see שָׁחַח. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Shekalim, p. 11ᵇ (referring to Isaiah 2, 9) יודע אני ששָׁחוּ … והָשְׁפַּלְתִּי אני והם I know that Israel lowered themselves by bowing to the calf, and I and they were humbled; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 386; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 260; Tanchuma Ki Thissa 4; Pesikta Rabbati section 10 אימתי שחו ונשפלו when was it that they bent and were lowered?; and frequently Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה to prostrate one’s self. Sanhedrin 7, 6 (60ᵇ) המִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה he that prostrates himself (before an idol). the same place (ibid.) 62ᵃ זיבח … וה׳ וכ׳ if a person sacrificed, burnt incense, offered libation, and prostrated himself, all in one active Yoma 69ᵃ כיון שראה … וה׳ לפניו when he (king Alexander) saw Simon the righteous, he alighted from his chariot and threw himself down before him; מלך … יִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה וכ׳ should a great king like thee prostrate himself before this Jew?; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁחֵי 1 , to be bent, cower. Targum Psalms 35, 14. Targum Job 38, 40 (not שה׳); and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁחֵי 2 to lie waste, see שְׁהֵי. ↗ original

שֶׁחִי (שָׁחָה) bend, especially בית הש׳ (or supply (understood word) בית) arm-pit. Nega'im 2, 4 כאורגת בעומדין לש׳ ליד הימנית (a woman is placed) in the position of a weaver at an upright loom, for the sake of examining the pit of the right arm; Sifra Thazr., Nega'im, Parah 3, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 4 כמוסק בבית הש׳ in the position of one taking olives down, for examining the arm-pit; Vayikra Rabbah section 15; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 551. Sanhedrin 7, 7 המדבר משִׁחְיוֹ, see פִּיתוֹם 2; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 25ᶜ משִׁיחְיוֹ. Nazir 58ᵇ; and frequently—הש׳ (בית) אמת, see אַמָּה.—plural שְׁחָיִים, construct state שִׁחְיֵי, שִׁי׳. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Beshallach, p. 87ᵃ תחת בית שִׁיחְיֵהֶם, see כַּדּוֹרִית; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 16 שִׁיחְיֵהֶן; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 667; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 7 תחת שיחיהן (some edition שיחתן, correct accordingly). ↗ original

שִׁחְיָא bending, bowing the head. Betzah 24ᵃ כל … ומטי לה בחד ש׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) שהיא) when one running after an animal gets it with one bend (the space being too small to allow an escape). Gittin 70ᵇ (referring to Mishnah the same place (ibid.) 7, 1 והרכין) ודילמא ש׳ דלאו לאו נקטיה maybe he was seized by spasms, making him bend his head in the way of one indicating dissent; ש׳ דהן הן making him bend in the way of one bowing the head in assent. the same place (ibid.) ש׳ דסירוגין alternate spasms of the head accidentally corresponding to assent and dissent respectively. arm-pit. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 22, 5 (edition Vienna edition שֵׁיחַיָא, correct accordingly).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, 45ᵈ top אסור למיתן … תחות ש׳ (not דלא מיתן) it is forbidden to put coins into the mouth … or a loaf under the arm-pit; Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 41ᵃ bottom of the page בי ש׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 6, 23ᶜ הוה תחות שִׁיחְיֵה וכ׳ had a loaf under his arm, and it fell down etc. ↗ original

שְׁחִיטָה cutting the throat, slaughtering according to the Jewish ritual. Sifra Tsav, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 8, Parah 4 אין לשון ש׳ אלא משיכה by shaḥaṭ drawing (of the knife) is meant, see שָׁחַט I. Chullin 9ᵃ כל טבח … ש׳ אסור לאכול משְׁחִיטָתוֹ if a slaughterer does not know the rules of slaughtering, you dare not eat of what he has killed. the same place (ibid.) הטבח … לאחר הש׳ the slaughterer must examine the organs (see סִימָן) after cutting. the same place (ibid.) 20ᵃ אין ש׳ לעוף מן התורה the ritual cutting of a bird’s throat is not Biblically ordained; the same place (ibid.)ᵇ יש ש׳ לעוף וכ׳ it is Biblically ordained; and very frequently—the same place (ibid.) 17ᵇ, and frequently בית הש׳ the throat (see מַפְרַעְתָּא).—שְׁחִיטַת קדשים (the slaughtering of sacrifices) the treatise of Z’baḥim. Bava Metzia 109ᵇ.—שחיטת חולין (the slaughtering of secular animals) the treatise of Ḥullin.—plural שְׁחִיטוֹת. Vayikra Rabbah section 22 (referring to Leviticus 17, 3) ומה תל֞ ש׳ וכ׳ and why has the text the word shaḥaṭ twice?; and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁחְיָיא , see שִׁחְיָא ↗ original

שַׂחְיָיא , see סַחְיָיא ↗ original

שְׁחֵיל , see שְׁחַל ↗ original

שְׁחֵין , see שְׁחַן ↗ original

שְׁחִין inflammation, boil, ulcer, skin-disease. Bereshith Rabbah section 41 כ"ד מיני ש׳, see רָאֲתָן. the same place (ibid.) מוכה ש׳ afflicted with boils. Nega'im 1, 5, and the following; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁחִין ² heat. Targum Isaiah 18, 4. sore, boil, see שִׁחְנָא. ↗ original

שַׂחְיָנָא (שְׂחֵי) swimmer. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 6, 50ᵃ top (Babylonian edition שַׂחְוָנָא), see סַחְיָיא. ↗ original

שְׁחִיפוּתָא , see שַׁחַפְתָּא ↗ original

שְׂחִיקָה (שָׂחַק) laughing.—plural שְׂחִיקוֹת. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 2 ארבע ש׳ הן four times laughing is used in connection with God; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 620 שחוק (correct accordingly). ↗ original

שְׁחִיקָה (שָׁחַק) rubbing, pounding; pounded spices. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 14, 14ᶜ אם היה מחוסר ש׳ if it (the garlic which was pounded) needed the pounding (in order to be available). the same place (ibid.) 1, 3ᶜ bottom of the page על חש׳ concerning pounded spices (sold by gentiles); and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁחִיקוּתָא (the preceding) worn condition. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 13, 55 (Hebrew text קָרַחַת, which see). ↗ original

שָׁחִיר , see שָׁחוֹר 2 ↗ original

שְׁחִיתָא (שְׁחַת) perversion, fault. Targum Psalms 17, 3. Targum Ruth 4, 22 (see Daniel 6, 5 שְׁחִיתָה).—[Gittin 69ᵇ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) some edition, see שִׁחֲתָא.] ↗ original

שְׁחִיתָה ; plural שְׁחִיתוֹת(Biblical Hebrew; pits. Yoma 10ᵃ ששי שמשים … כש׳ he was named Sheshai (Numbers 13, 22), because he made the ground (on which he stepped) like pits; Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 743.—[Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 961 בשחיתותו, read: בשחותו, quoted frequently Proverbs 28, 10.] ↗ original

*שָׁחַל 1 (compare שָׁחַק; Arab.saḥala decorticavit) to rub off, peel Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁחֵל (compare כָּסַף Hif'il) to grow white, be frightened. Aboth dRabbi Nathan, 2ⁿᵈ version, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 43 (edition Schechter, p. 122) שחל שהכל מְשַׁחֲלִין לפניו the lion is called shaḥal, because all grow white before him; (Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 959 שחל שחָלִים לפניו because they tremble before him, probably corrupt). ↗ original

שָׁחַל 2 (seeחָלַל, חֲלַל 2; compare Assyr. סחל to perforate, Delitzsch, Friedrich Assyr. Handw., p. 493) to move in a hollow space, slip.—participle pass. שָׁחוּל a) slipped. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 15, beginning 15ᵃ בחבל ש׳ היא מתני׳ the Mishnah speaks of a rope drawn through a loop (not knotted). the same place (ibid.) חבל שהוא משוחל בפסיקיא וכ׳ if a looped rope be meant, (of which the Mishnah says,) ‘you may tie up the broken rope with a fascia, but not with a rope, but R. Judah allows’—this would imply that the Rabbis do not allow it (and why should they not?).—b) see שָׁחוּל. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁחִיל to pass through a hollow space (חַלּוֹן) or groove; to slide. Betzah 35ᵇ (referring to Mishnah the same place (ibid.) 5, 1 משילין) חד תני משילין וחד תני מַשְׁחִילִין one reads mashshilin (frequently נָשַׁל), and another reads mashḥilin, you may let fruit slide down through an aperture in the roof (אֲרוּבָּה) etc.; מאן דתני משחילין וכ׳ he that reads mashḥilin is not wrong, for we read (Bechoroth 6, 7) etc., see שָׁחוּל. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, beginning 62ᵈ היה … משחילין דרך חלון if there is an aperture in the roof, you may let the fruit down by the aperture. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 2, 39ᶜ מַשְׁחִיל ותורם he lets the wood slide (down the altar), and then removes the ashes. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, end, 32ᵈ חוט שהִשְׁחִילוֹ במחט (not למחט) a thread which one threaded through the eye of a needle; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᶜ bottom of the page Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 18, 41 ה׳ עשו עצמו וכ׳ Esau threaded his way through and went into the cave; the same place (ibid.) ה׳ וצף וכ׳ edition Buber edition, see צָפַף. Yalkut Shimoni Ruth 606 שאלו הש׳ לה קללה אחת וכ׳ (later edition התחיל, correct accordingly) for, if he (Boaz) had let down a single curse on her (Ruth), how could I (David) have risen?; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Vayhi, p. 63ᵃ שאלו השאיל … מלמטן וכ׳ (correct accordingly) for, if he had let down on her a single curse from above (‘below’ euphem. for ‘above’) etc.; Pesikta Rabbati section 17 התחיל (correct accordingly); Ruth Rabbah to 3, 10 (section 6, beginning) החיש לה (correct accordingly).—participle passive מוּשְׁחָל. Vayikra Rabbah section 36 (referring to Proverbs 11, 21) וזרע … שמ׳ מבין … נמלט ‘the seed of righteous men’ that slips through between two righteous men (like Ahaz between a pious father and a pious son) escapes; (Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 27ᵈ זרע שהוא מוטל וכ׳). Pu. פֻּעַל שׁוּחָל to be looped; participle מְשׁוּחָל, see above. ↗ original

שְׁחַל to let slip; to draw out of. Targum Onkelos Exodus 2, 10 (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition Vienna edition שַׁחֵילְ׳ Pa'el; Hebrew text משה). Targum I Chronicles 4, 18.—Berachoth 8ᵃ כמִשְׁחַל בניתא וכ׳, see בִּינְתָא 2 (perh. to be read: כמְשַׁחֵל Pa'el). to discharge through pores, exude. Yoma 78ᵃ דמִישְׁחַל שָׁחֵיל it (the unglazed earthen vessel) lets the moisture ooze through. ↗ original

שַׁחַל compare Assyr. šaḥâlu to cry) lion. Sanhedrin 95ᵃ; Aboth dRabbi Nathan 39; the same place (ibid.), 2ⁿᵈ version, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 43 (edition Schechter, p. 122) ש׳ שהכל משחלין וכ׳, see שָׁחַל I. ↗ original

שַׁחֲלָא Targum Proverbs 26, 13. Targum Psalms 17, 12 (Hebrew text כפיר); and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁחְלָא , see שִׁיחְלָא ↗ original

שִׁחְלַיָּיא , see next word ↗ original

שִׁחְלַיִים du. (or שְׁחָלִים plural) (answering to λεπίδιον, compare שְׁחוֹלִית) a kind of cress or pepperwort (Lepidium sativum, see Löw Low, Aramaische Pflanzennamen, Leipzig 1881, p. 396). Maasroth 4, 5 השחלים. Tosefta Shevi'ith 2, 9; Eruvin 28ᵃ. Berachoth 57ᵇ; Avodah Zarah 29ᵃ. Gittin 57ᵃ כפר שיחליים … מן שחליים the place was called K’far Shiḥlayim, because their support came from the traffic in cress; Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 69ᵃ bottom of the page כפר שיחליא דהוון מרביין בניהון כאילין תחלוסייא (not ביניהון) it was named K’far Shiḥlaya, because they reared their children as carefully as cress is cultivated; Echah Rabbah to 2, 2 (Matt. K., reading באילין, they reared their children on cress-dishes). Avodah Zarah 30ᵇ השחלים (Rashi השחליים) cress-dish (chopped cress mixed with wine or oil). the same place (ibid.) 67ᵃ וכך היו עושין … וקורין אותן שיחליים (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) קדירת שחלים) and so they used to prepare it at Sepphoris on Fridays, and they called it cress-dish; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, 44ᵈ top וקורין אותו שחלייא; and elsewhere—כפר שחליים (כפר שחלייא) proper noun of a place K’far Shihlayim (Shiḥlaya), a town in the mountains of Ephraim (King’s Mountain); see above. ↗ original

שַׁחֲלֵיף , see שַׁלְחֵף ↗ original

שַׁחֲלִית , see שִׁלְיַית ↗ original

שַׁחֲלָנִית (שָׁחַל 1) [peeler,] name of a kind of locust. Chullin 65ᵇ (Munich manuscript השלחנית; Manuscript Rome 1 השלחין; Manuscript Rome 2 השוחלטת, read: נית …; Manuscript Rome 3 השׁיחְלָנִית, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note); Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 537 השלחנית. ↗ original

שְׁחֵלֶת onycha (corresp. to Biblical צִפּוֹרֶן). Kerithoth 6ᵇ (classed among the גידולי קרקע!).—[Bava Bathra 74ᵇ ימה של ש׳ Manuscript Rome, see שִׁלְיַית.] ↗ original

שָׁחַם (see חָמַם, חוּם)to be hot, dark-red.—participle passive שָׁחוּם; feminine שְׁחוּמָה. Pesikta Rabbati section 20 [read:] לפיכך … שנופלים בגיהנם שאש של גיהנם ש׳ היא therefore did God create Maadim (the planet Mars), intimating that they shall be thrown into Gehenna, for the fire of Gehenna is glowing red (see edition Friedman, p. 96ᵃ, note 22). ↗ original

שְׁחַם , to be hot, dark, black. Targum Job 30, 30 (Hebrew text שחר).—participle passive שְׁחִים (see שְׁחוּם); plural שְׁחִימִין, שְׁחִימֵי. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 2, 7. Targum Job 6, 16 (Hebrew text הקדרים).—Bava Kamma 96ᵇ ש׳ ועבדינהו חדתי (Munich manuscript שחמי) if the coins were black (tarnished), and he (who stole them) made them look new again; חדתי ועבדינהו ש׳ if they were new, and he made them black. Avodah Zarah 33ᵇ הני חצבי ש׳ וכ׳ the jugs of gentiles made of dark clay. Chullin 55ᵇ משיכלי שחי׳ Munich manuscript (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) שחמי, edition שיחומי) dark-glazed basins, opposite חיורי (opinion quoted in Rashi: bronze basins). ↗ original

שִׁחְמָא (the preceding) (adjective) dark, black.—plural שִׁחְמֵי, שִׁי׳, see the preceding (noun) blackness, black spot; tarnish. Bava Kamma 49ᵃ כל היכי דסליק ביה ש׳ לולד whenever he struck her so that the black mark (bruise) could be communicated to the embryo (excluding a blow on her hand or foot); Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 335. Bava Kamma 96ᵇ מידע ידיע שִׁיחְמַיְיהוּ (Manuscript Hamburg שִׁחְמַיְהוּ) (when he makes the coins which he blackened look new again,) their tarnish remains noticeable. ↗ original

שְׁחַמְתִּית (the preceding words) reddish, dark-colored wheat. Bava Bathra 5, 6 ש׳ ונמצאת לבנה … ש׳ if he sold wheat as dark-colored, and it is found to be white, as white, and it is found to be dark. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 5, 54ᵃ, see אִגְּרוּ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 4, beginning 54ᵈ top שַׁמְתִּית; Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 2, 41ᵈ top שמת׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 2, 17ᵃ שַׁמּוּתִית. ↗ original

שָׁחַן (compare שחם) to be hot, parched. participle pass. שָׁחוּן, feminine שְׁחוּנָה (supply (understood word) ארץ) parched, scabby soil. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 5, 42ᶜ top; Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 53ᵇ, and elsewhere, see גָּשַׁם. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁחִין to heat. Bava Kamma 82ᵃ משביע ומַשְׁחִין וכ׳ it (garlic) satisfies, heats (the body) etc. ↗ original

שְׁחַן (answering to Hebrew חם, חמם) to be warm. Targum Isaiah 44, 15, and the following Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 4, 11. Targum Job 37, 17 manuscript (edition מְשַׁחֲנִין, Pa'el; edition Vilna edition מִשְׁחֲנִין, correct accordingly). to heat, light a fire. Arachin 31ᵇ אנא קדים שָׁחֵין נורא וכ׳ I lighted a fire (moved into my house) before thee. (with על) to hatch, see below. Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁחֵן to heat. Kethuboth 10ᵇ; Gittin 70ᵃ מְשַׁחֲנַן, see שְׂבַע. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, end, 4ᵇ מהו מיחזרתיה ומְשַׁחַנְתֵּיה is it permitted to put it back (into the oven) and keep it warm? Vayikra Rabbah section 25 היא … ומְשַׁחֲנָא להון she (the mother hen) gathers them, and puts them under her wings, and keeps them warm. to hatch, sit over. Targum Jeremiah 17, 11 (edition Vilna edition מְשָׁחִין, read: מְשַׁחֵין). Targum Isaiah 59, 5. Targum Job 39, 16 שַׁחֲנָא על בניא (manuscript תעיין בנהא; Hebrew text הקשיח). Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּחַן, Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׁתְּחַן to be warmed, get warm. the same place (ibid.) 31, 20. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 22, 11. ↗ original

שִׁחְנָא (the preceding) = Hebrew שְׁחִין. Targum Onkelos Exodus 9, 9, and the following (O. edition Berlin edition a. Yerushalmi (prefix) שְׁחִין). the same place (ibid.) 11. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 28, 27 (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 שׁוֹחֲנָא; Yerushalmi (prefix) I שִׁיחְנֵי plural). Targum Proverbs 20, 30 (edition Lagarde edition a. other שׁוּחֲנֵי).—plural שִׁחְנֵי, שִׁי׳, שׁוּחֲ׳, see above. (see כְּתִיתָא, כְּתִישָׁא)the scab on the camel’s back from the friction and pressure of the load; in a transferred sense heavy load. Bereshith Rabbah section 19, beginning; Sotah 13ᵇ, and elsewhere לפום גמלא ש׳, see גַּמְלָא I. ↗ original

שָׁחַף (see חָפַף 2) to rub, scrape, peel. —participle pass. שָׁחוּף a) one whose genitals are wasted (see מָחוּי). Tosefta Bechoroth 5, 4 (explained מרוח אשך, for which Bechoroth 7, 5 שנמרחו אשכיו, see מָרַח). Sotah 26ᵇ. Esther Rabbah to 2, 3.—b) (compare חֲסִיךְ) reduced, lean, losing flesh. Sifra Bechukkothai, Parah 2, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 4 (referring to שחפת, Leviticus 26, 16) או עתים שהוא ש׳ וכ׳ or at times one becomes reduced in flesh, but feels comfortable etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 673 נשחוף (correct accordingly).—Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 146 שְׁחוּפִים, see סָכַף.—*c) feminine שְׁחוּפָה; plural שְׁחוּפוֹת of indistinct color, gray (wool), opposite לבנות. Chullin 11, 2 (135ᵃ; the same place (ibid.) 136ᵇ (Manuscript Rome 2 סחופות; Manuscript Rome 1, a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) טחופות, see טָחַף). Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׁחָף to become reduced. Sifra the passage cited (referring to שחפת, see above) יש לך אדם … שהוא נ׳ (not וכי יש) sometimes a person is sick in bed, yet his flesh is preserved: therefore the text says, ‘and consumption’, which means that he is wasting away; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus the passage cited ↗ original

שְׁחַף 1 Pa'el שַׁחֵף same, to scrape, dredge, clean. Moed Katan 4ᵇ לשַׁחוּפֵי נהרא (Munich manuscript לסַחוּפֵי) to dredge a canal. ↗ original

שְׁחַף 2 (the preceding) [to scrape, sweep,] to move, crawl. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 1, 5 (of the sun, compare נָסַר; Hebrew text שאף). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 3, 14 שָׁחֵיף Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition מטייל). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Leviticus 11, 42.—[Niddah 26ᵃ משחיף Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see שַׁלְחֵף.] ↗ original

שַׁחְפָּא (= Biblical Hebrew שַׁחַף; שְׁחַף I) name of an unclean bird, supposed to be sea-mew. Targum Leviticus 11, 16; Targum Deuteronomy 14, 15. ↗ original

שַׁחְפָּא 2 (שְׁחַף 1) rubbish.—plural שַׁחְפֵּי. Shabbath 110ᵃ ש׳ דקניא Oxford manuscript a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition only ש׳) refuse of reeds. ↗ original

שַׁחְפּוּתָא , see שַׁחַפְתָּא ↗ original

שַׁחֶפֶת wasting away, consumption. Sifra Bechukkothai Parah 2, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 4, and elsewhere, see שָׁחַף. ↗ original

שַׁחַפְתָּא Targum Onkelos Leviticus 26, 16 (edition Vienna edition שַׁחֶפְ׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) שְׁחִיפוּתָא); Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 28, 22 (Yerushalmi (prefix) שַׁחְפּוּתָא). ↗ original

שָׁחַץ (see חָצַץ 2) to divide, tear. Aboth dRabbi Nathan, 2ⁿᵈ version, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 43 (edition Schechter, p. 122) שחץ שהוא שׁוֹחֵץ בפיו the lion is called shaḥats, because he tears with his mouth; Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 959 שהוא מְשַׁחֵץ בשיניו (Pi'el).—2) to divide off, separate.—participle passive שָׁחוּץ; plural שְׁחוּצִים, שְׁחוּצִין a) separate, proud, aristocratic. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᵃ top והאיש … ש׳ מותר but a man is allowed (to wear those ornaments which a woman is forbidden to wear on the Sabbath), because he is not ostentatious (and will not take them off to show them), see שַׁחֲצָנִית. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 8 (referring to אריות the same place (ibid.)) מה הארי הזה ש׳ … ש׳ וגבורים וכ׳ (strike out וגבורים) as the lion is proud (keeping for himself), so were Sihon and Og proud (selfish) … they did not come to each other’s rescue; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 988 מה הארי הזה שחק (correct accordingly).—b) [that which is to be kept off, compare רחק,] obscene. Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 264 אנשי … ש׳ היו the men of Jerusalem were obscene, see שַׁחַץ I. Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁיחֵץ same, see above. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתַּחֵץ to separate one’s self, be exclusive, lofty. Sifré Numbers 131 מלכות זו מתגאה ומִשְׁתַּחַצַת וכ׳ this proud and overweening government has only four provinces worthy of an empire etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 771; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 809. Aboth dRabbi Nathan the passage cited [read:] שחץ שהוא מִשְׁתַּחֵץ the lion is called shaḥats, because he is proud. ↗ original

שָׁחָץ (the preceding) aristocratic, proud, vainglorious, pompous. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Parah, p. 40ᵃ אית לך למימר … שהיה ש׳ will you say of that righteous man (Simeon the high priest) that he was vainglorious?; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 4, 48ᵃ bottom of the page שִׁיחֵץ היה.—plural שְׁחָצִים. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana the passage cited וכולם ש׳ היו and all of them (those high priests that made such a display) were ostentatious people, see שַׁחֲצִית. Vayikra Rabbah section 20 ש׳ היו they (Nadab and Abihu) were aristocratic (deeming no woman noble enough for them); Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 78, 63 שַׁחֲצָנִין (edition Buber edition שקרנין, correct accordingly); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 822 שְׁחָצִין. ↗ original

שַׁחַץ 1 (see שָׁחַץ, participle passive, participle passive) [separation,] obscenity, abomination, disgrace. Shabbath 62ᵇ אנשי … אנשי ש׳ היו the men of Jerusalem were lovers of obscene talk; (Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 264 שחוצים). Pesachim 3ᵇ ש׳ פסול (they found in him) obscenity which made him unworthy of the priesthood; (Rashi: pride). Tanchuma Vaëra 9; Shemoth Rabbah section 8 לך ועשה מי שעשה עצמו אלוה ש׳ בעולם go and make him that made himself a god an abomination in the world; the same place (ibid.) וכן … נעשה ש׳ בעולם and so Sennacherib prided himself, and became an abomination etc. the same place (ibid.) אני ממלא … ומראה שַׁהֲצוֹ לבריות I fill the upper and the lower regions with him (his repute), and let people see his disgrace; Tanchuma the passage cited שבחן (correct accordingly). the same place (ibid.) הקב"ה מראה ש׳ וכ׳ the Lord shows all men the disgrace of the proud; and elsewhere—plural שְׁחָצִים. the same place (ibid.) (referring to Job 41, 26 בני שחץ) אלו הגיותנין … ש׳ בעולם this means the proud that make themselves gods: the Lord makes them abominations in the world. (Biblical Hebrew) pride, see above. ↗ original

שַׁחַץ 2 Job 28, [tearer, or proud,] surname of lion. Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 39; sec. Vers., Chaldaic (Aramaic) 43 (edition Schechter); Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 959, see שָׁחַץ. ↗ original

שַׁחְצָא Targum Psalms 17, 12 Regia (edition שחלא). ↗ original

שַׁחֲצִית (see שָׁחָץ) ostentatiousness. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 4, 48ᵃ ש׳ גדולה היתה וכ׳ there was great love of display among the sons of the high priests. ↗ original

שַׁחֲצָן masculine, see שָׁחָץ ↗ original

שַׁחֲצָנִית (the preceding) loving display, vain.—plural שַׁחֲצָנִיּוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 7ᵈ ע"י שהנשים ש׳ והיא מתרתן וכ׳ because women like display, and one might untie them (those ornaments, to show them) to their neighbors, and in forgetfulness walk with them etc. ↗ original

שָׂחַק to be bright; to laugh, jest, play. Tosefta Bava Kamma 2, 2 ס׳ בין הבקר וכ׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading צחבין, צהבין, read: צחק בין) if he (the ox) sported among the herd three times (doing no harm). Devarim Rabbah section 3, end ראה … שׂוֹחַקַת לעבד the king saw her smile at one of his servants. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 3, 63ᵈ מימי לא ש׳ וכ׳ never did a person have his sport with me, except this man. Tanchuma Naso 5 באותו שבפנים שָׂחַקְתָּ אבל … לִשְׂחוֹק thou didst fool him (the watchman) that was inside, but thou canst not fool me. Derekh Erets Zuṭṭa Chaldaic (Aramaic) V ולא בוכה בין השׂוֹחֲקִים ולא שׂוֹחֵק וכ׳ nor should one weep among those who laugh, nor laugh among those who weep; and frequently—Transferred (of fingers) to be spread, opposite עצב. Sukkah 7ᵃ טפח שוחק (Munich manuscript a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) ס׳); Eruvin 3ᵇ שׂוֹחֲקוֹת, see אַמָּה; and elsewhere Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׂיחֵק, סִ׳ same. Tanchuma the passage cited באישך את מְשַׂחֶקֶת וכ׳ thou canst fool thy husband, but thou canst not fool me. the same place (ibid.) ואני יושב ומְשַׂחֵק על וכ׳ but I sit laughing at my creatures. Tosefta Kethuboth 9, 2 מְסַחֵק הוא בה edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading מְצַ׳) he may laugh at her (and take the sham sale seriously); (Kethuboth 79ᵃ רצה מצחק), see פִּיסְטִין. Tanchuma Noah 5 והיו משחקין ממנו they laughed at him (Noah). Berachoth 7ᵇ, and elsewhere השעה משחקת לו the hour smiles on him, i.e. he is in luck; and frequently Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׂחִיק to cause to laugh, lead to sport. Bereshith Rabbah section 22 אם בא … להַשְׂחִיקְךָ שמחהו וכ׳ if thy inclination comes to incite thee to merriment, rejoice it with words of the Law; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 296. ↗ original

שַׂחַק , see שְׂחוֹק ↗ original

שָׁחַק (Biblical Hebrew) to rub, grind, pound. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 18 ולמה … שחקים שהן שׁוֹחֲקִין אלו באלו why are the clouds named sh’ḥaḳim? Because they rub against one another. Bereshith Rabbah section 13, and elsewhere, see שַׁחַק 2. Betzah 2, 8 שוחקין את הפלפלין וכ׳ you may grind pepper on the pepper-mill (on the Holy Day). Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 6, 10ᵃ top שְׁחָקָן וכ׳ if he mashed them (the turnips), he must say the benediction etc., opposite אם בעיינן הן if they are in their natural shape; and frequently—[Yalkut Shimoni Song of Songs 988 שחק, see שָׁחַץ.]—participle pass. שָׁחוּק; feminine שְׁחוּקָה; plural שְׁחוּקִים, שְׁחוּקִין; שְׁחוּקוֹת a) ground, pounded, mashed. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth the passage cited ויין לאו ש׳ הוא is wine not a product gained by pounding?; the same place (ibid.) ופת לאו ש׳ היא is not bread a product etc.?; the same place (ibid.) שאר … אע"פ שש׳ הן וכ׳ all other things, although produced by pounding (like olive-oil etc.) are ritually treated as if in their natural state; and elsewhere—b) (compare שָׁחַף) lean, meagre. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 2, beginning 22ᵇ שחוקה היא (Rabbenu Shimshon to Demai 2, 1 שְׁחִיקָא Chaldaic (Aramaic)) the fig of Bozrah is stunted. Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁיחֵק same; same; participle pass. מְשׁוּחָק; plural מְשׁוּחָקִים, מְשׁוּחָקִין rubbed, worn-out, threadbare. Tosefta Menachoth 1, 8; Zevachim 18ᵃ, see רָשַׁל; the same place (ibid.) 18ᵇ; and elsewhere to curse the memory of a person, see next word Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׁחַק to be ground. Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) I נִשְׁחֲקוּ עצמותיו his bones were ground, i.e. his memory is cursed, see next word ↗ original

שְׁחַק Targum Onkelos Exodus 30, 36.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᵃ bottom of the page ההן דש׳ תומא he that grinds garlic. the same place (ibid.) 10ᵇ bottom of the page Bava Bathra 146ᵃ שַׁחְקֵי, see מַרְגְּנִיתָא; and frequently—Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 1, see below.—participle passive שְׁחִיק.—ש׳ טמיא, see טַמְיָא; (in Hebr. dict.) ש׳ עצמות. Bereshith Rabbah section 49, beginning; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᵃ top הוות רגליה שחקה (read: שְׁחִיקָא) his foot was sore from rubbing.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 2, beginning 22ᵇ שחיקא (Rabbenu Shimshon to Demai 2, 1), see שָׁחַק Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁחֵק to mention the name of a dead person with the imprecation שחיק טמיא (his bones be ground), to curse. Vayikra Rabbah section 32, end מדכרין ומְשַׁחְקִין there are those whose names are mentioned with a curse, opposite ומניחין, see נוּחַ Hebrew; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 411 (Hebr.) מזכירין ומְשַׁחֲקִים; Tanchuma Vayaḳhel 4; Shemoth Rabbah section 48 (mixed dict.) מדכרין ומשחקים; Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) I ושָׁחְקִין (Pe.). ↗ original

שַׁחַק 1 (the preceding), plural שְחָקִים, שְׁחָקִין worn garments, thin clothes. Sifra Thazr., Nega'im, Parah 4, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 15 בקרחתו אלו הש׳ ‘in its baldness’ (Leviticus 13, 55), that means old clothes (whose nap is worn off). Kethuboth 5, 8 אין נותנין לה … ולא ש׳ וכ׳ we must not give her new garments for summer and worn-out (thin) garments for winter; the same place (ibid.) והש׳ שלה and the discarded garments remain hers; see בְּלָאוֹת. Zevachim 18ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original

שַׁחַק 2 [dust,]; plural שְׁחָקִים clouds, heaven, sh’ḥaḳim, name of one of the seven heavens. Chagigah 12ᵇ ש׳ שבו רחיים וכ׳ it is named sh’ḥaḳim, for in it stands a mill and grinds manna for the righteous. Bereshith Rabbah section 13 למה … ש׳ שהן שוחקין וכ׳ why are they (the clouds) called sh’ḥaḳim? Because they grind the water … like a stomach (grinding the food); Tanchuma Mick. 1; Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 7. the same place (ibid.) איכן … בש׳, see נָזַל. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 18, see שָׁחַק; and elsewhere ↗ original

שַׁחַק Targum Psalms 89, 38.—plural שְׁחָקיָּא, שְׁחָקִין, שְׁחָקֵי. the same place (ibid.) 7 (edition Vilna edition שַׁחֲקֵי). the same place (ibid.) 77, 18. Targum Job 36, 28; and elsewhere ↗ original

שַׁחֲקָא 1 , plural שַׁחֲקָן = Hebrew שַׁחַק I, old garments. Targum Jeremiah 38, 11, and the following ↗ original

שַׁחֲקָא 2 , plural שַׁחֲקֵי 1) same. same. Niddah 17ᵃ ש׳ דכיתנא linen rags. the same place (ibid.) הא בחדתי והא בש׳ in the one case it means new linen, in the other, old linen; and elsewhere toils. Targum Proverbs 31, 7 (Hebrew text עמל). ↗ original

שָׁחַר 1 to break through, dig; to search, seek. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 119, 9 ששוקדים ושׁוֹחֲרִים וכ׳ they watch, and search, and investigate etc. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁחִיר to pass through a cavity or a groove. Betzah 35ᵇ (referring to Mishnah the same place (ibid.) 5, 1 ומאן דתני מַשְׁחִירִין וכ׳ nor is he wrong who reads mashḥirin (in place of משילין, referring for evidence to השחור, see שָׁחוֹר 2). Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁחֵר (compare כָּרָה) to choose, select. Bereshith Rabbah section 39 שִׁחַרְתִּיךָ לי, see רֶחֶם; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 869. ↗ original

שְׁחַר , to search, inquire. Targum Isaiah 8, 20. ↗ original

שָׁחַר 2 to be charred, black.—5. שָׁחוֹר I. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁחִיר to blacken. Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 77ᵈ הִשְׁחִירוּ פניהן וכ׳ they made their faces as black as the bottom of a pot, i.e. they ruined their reputation. Shabbath 152ᵃ (referring to Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 11, 10) דברים … מַשְׁחִירִים וכ׳ certain things which a man does in his young days make his face look black (sickly) in his old age; and elsewhere to become black. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 2, end, 61ᵈ הִשְׁחִירוּ שיניו וכ׳ his teeth were black from fasting; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 5, end, 7ᶜ; Chagigah 22ᵇ הוּשְׁחֲרוּ שיניו (Hof.; Munich manuscript פניו). Shemoth Rabbah section 1 (play on אשחור, 2 Chronicles 1, 24) שחִשְׁחִירוּ פניו בתעניות his face was black from fasting. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 6, 36ᵈ bottom of the page מכיון שה׳ as soon as it (the onion in the ground) gets black. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 8, beginning 26ᵃ הִשְׁחִירָה הקדרה, see בָּשַׁל; and elsewhere Hof. הֻפְעַל הוּשְׁחַר to become black, see above. ↗ original

שְׁחַר ² Af'el הִפְעִיל אַשְׁחַר to get black. Sukkah 33ᵇ דאַשְׁחוּר אימת when did they (the berries on the myrtle branch) become black? Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁחֵר to blacken. Bava Metzia 117ᵇ דקא"ל קא מְשַׁחְרַת לי לכותלאי Munich manuscript (different interpretation or differently interpreted in edition, see שַׁחְרוּרִיתָא) he may say to him, thou wilt make my wall black (by living in my house).—participle passive מְשַׁחַר; feminine מְשַׁחְרָא; plural מְשַׁחְרֵי; מְשַׁחְרָן. Yoma 28ᵇ מכי מש׳ כותלי when the walls begin to grow dark (are no longer shone upon by the sun), see כּוֹתְלָא. Berachoth 28ᵃ חזנהו … דמש׳ he saw that the walls of his room were sooty. Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 רבתי (חד מאת׳ 8) רישיה גריע ומְשַׁחְרִין אפוי (not ושיחרור) his head shaved, and his face blackened; and elsewhere ↗ original

שָׁחַר 3 Hif'il הִשְׁחִיר (denominative of שַׁחַר) to be early in doing; to get up early. Vayikra Rabbah section 19, beginning מי שמַשְׁחִיר וכ׳, see עָרַב 2. Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) V ע"י שה׳ והעריב בהן because he was engaged in their study early and late; and elsewhere Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁחֵר (Biblical Hebrew) same, to do a thing early or diligently. Shemoth Rabbah section 1 (referring to Proverbs 13, 24) לפי ששִׁחֲרוֹ מוסר וכ׳ because he corrected him betimes (or earnestly), he loved him. the same place (ibid.) היה יצחק מְשַׁחֵר מוסר ליעקב וכ׳ Isaac trained Jacob etc. ↗ original

שְׁחַר ³ Shemoth Rabbah section 47 למדו תורה דשְׁחִירִין ודקרין בלילה (edition Vilna edition דשַׁחְרִין, some edition דשִׁיחֲרִין) learn the Law from those who get up early (to study), and who read (teach) by night, opposite אִימְּטִין which see Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁחֵר same. Targum Isaiah 29, 20 (Hebrew text שקד). ↗ original

שְׁחַר 4 (compare שחרר, seeחרם), Pa'el שַׁחֵר [to declare a thing or man free, ownerless property,] to confiscate, press into public service. Targum Onkelos Numbers 16, 15 שָׁחַרִית edition Berlin edition (manuscripts שְׁחָרִ׳, שַׁחֲרֵית, שָׁחָרִ׳, see Berlin edition O. 2, p. 42; Yerushalmi (prefix) I שְׁחָרִית). Targum I Samuel 12, 3.—Berachoth 56ᵃ חזית דמְשַׁחְרֵי לך פרסאי וכ׳ (Munich manuscript דמשחדי, correct accordingly) thou shalt see in thy dream that the Parthians press thee into service etc. the same place (ibid.) דמשחדי לך רומאי Munich manuscript (correct accordingly; edition אתו רומאי ושבו לך).—participle passive Pe. שָׁחִיר; feminine שְׁחִירְתָּא sent abroad. Targum Hosea 7, 11 כיונה ש׳ דאיתנסבן בנהא edition Lagarde edition (edition שְׁרִיתֲתָא, which see) as a dove sent abroad when her young were taken away (Hebrew text פותה, see Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 84). ↗ original

שַׁחַר morning dawn, early morning. Berachoth 4, 1 תפלת הש׳ the morning prayer. the same place (ibid.) 1, 4 בש׳ מברך וכ׳ when reading the Sh’mʿa in the morning prayer, you recite two benedictions etc. Tamid 4, 1 של ש׳ (supply (understood word) תמיד) the daily offering of the morning; and very frequently—עמוד הש׳, see עַמּוּד.—אילת הש׳, see אַיָּלָה.—plural שְׁחָרִין, see שַׁחֲרִית. ↗ original

שַׁחֲרָא Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 19, 15; 32, 27.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 2ᵈ, see עוּר I Chaldaic (Aramaic); Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Vayhi, p. 63ᵃ; Pesikta Rabbati section 17 וש׳ לא עוררתני (fem.); Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 57, 9 edition Buber edition; Echah Rabbah to 2, 18; and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁחְרוּר , see sub שִׁיחְ׳. ↗ original

שַׁחֲרוֹרִין , see שִׁיחוֹרָא ↗ original

שַׁחֲרוּרִית (שָׁחַר 2) blackness, ugliness. Taanith 23ᵇ תחזור חנה לשַׁחֲרוּרִיתָהּ וכ׳ may Hannah become ugly again, and she did so. ↗ original

שַׁחְרוּרִיתָא Bava Kamma 20ᵇ משום ש׳ דאשייתא because the walls get black (when people live in the house). Bava Metzia 117ᵇ משום דאיכא ש׳ (Manuscript Hamburg שְׁחַרְתָּא דאשיתא; different interpretation or differently interpreted in Munich manuscript, see שְׁחַר 2) because there is a claim in the case for the blackening of the walls. ↗ original

שחרות , Bamidbar Rabbah section 10⁸ מתוך הש׳ quoted in Levy Talmud Dictionary, read השִׁכָּרוּת. ↗ original

שְׁחַרִחֲרוּת (see the preceding arts.) blackness; in a transferred sense sinfulness. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 6 אל תראוני בשְׁחַרְחֲרוּתִי look not at me in my sinfulness (do not exaggerate my faults). ↗ original

שַׁחֲרִית (שַׁחַר) morning time. Berachoth 1, 2 (9ᵇ) מאימתי … בש׳ (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition Munich manuscript בשְׁחָרִין; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) from what time may we read the Sh’m‘a in the morning?; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 2 בשחרין; and frequently—פת ש׳, see פַּת.—טובלי ש׳, טובלי שחרין, see טָבַל I. ↗ original

שִׁחֲרֵר (חָרַר 2) to set free, emancipate. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 8, 8ᵃ top העושה עבדו … שִׁיחֲרָרוֹ מְשֹׁוחֲרָר if a man mortgages his slave and then sells him, he is not sold; if he sets him free, he is free. Gittin 4, 4 עבד … ושחררו וכ׳ if a master mortgages his slave and sets him free …, we force the mortgagee to make him a freedman, but he (the slave) writes a note on his value; the same place (ibid.) אינו כותב אלא מְשַׁחֲרָרוֹ none but him who set him free has to write the note of indebtedness. the same place (ibid.) 40ᵇ מי שחררו which of them (the mortgager or the mortgagee) set him free? Berachoth 47ᵇ ש׳ עבדו וכ׳ declared his slave free and made him serve to complete the number of ten persons (required for prayers). the same place (ibid.), and elsewhere כל המְשַׁחֲרֵר עבדו וכ׳ whoever sets his slave free, violates a positive command; and frequently—participle passive מְשֹׁוחֲרָר; feminine מְשֹׁוחֲרָרָה, מְשֹׁוחֲרֶרֶת etc. Gittin 4, 4; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth the passage cited, see above; and frequently—the same place (ibid.) 8, 9ᶜ top (play on שחרים, I Chronicles 8, 8) זה בועז שהיה מש׳ מן וכ׳ that is Boaz who was free from sins; Ruth Rabbah to 1, 21 (Parah 4); (Yalkut Shimoni Chronicles 1077 שנשתחרר). Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתַּחֲרֵר, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִשְׁתַּחֲרֵר to be set free. Yalkut Shimoni the passage cited Kethuboth 3, 1 שנִשְׁתַּחֲרָרוּ who were set free. Gittin 43ᵃ חציה … ונִשְׁתַּחֲרָרָה a woman that is half a slave and half free, who was betrothed to R., and then was set entirely free etc.; and frequently ↗ original

שַׁהְרֵר Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 30, 4; 9. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּחְרֵר to be set free. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 21, 7. ↗ original

שְׁחַרְתָּא , see שַׁחְרוּרִיתָא ↗ original

שָׁחַת (Biblical Hebrew) to be low, bent. Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁחֵת (compare חָבַל) to pervert, ruin, do harm. Shemoth Rabbah section 8 ש׳ לנפשו he did harm to himself; and elsewhere—Avoth d. R. N. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 1, end וירדו … לשַׁחֲתוֹ edition Schechter (edition לשרתו, correct accordingly) and the ministering angels came down to destroy him (Adam). Kiddushin 24ᵇ (referring to Exodus 21, 26) עד שיתכוין לשַׁחְתָהּ when he intended to destroy it. Nazir 4ᵇ לשַׁחֵת, see שֵׂעָר; and elsewhere Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁחִית same. same. Shemoth Rabbah the passage cited ה׳ לנפשו, see above. Tanchuma Tol’d. 6 לילך … להַשְׁחִיתוֹ to go to Nabal to ruin him; and frequently—Esp. בַּל תַּשְׁחִית (see בַּל) the law forbidding to ruin anything wantonly (derived from Deuteronomy 20, 19). Shabbath 129ᵃ והא קעבר מר משום בל ת׳ in doing so, do you not disregard the law which forbids wilful destruction? בל ת׳ דגופאי עדיף לי not to do injury to myself is a higher duty to me; the same place (ibid.) 140ᵇ; and frequently to commit a nuisance. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 5, 55ᶜ (play on משתחויתם, Ezekiel 8, 16) [read:] שהיו משתחוים לחמה ומַשְׁחִיתִים להיכל they prostrated themselves in worship of the sun, and committed nuisance towards the Temple (see Babylonian Sukkah 53ᵇ; Yoma 77ᵃ). ↗ original

שְׁחַת ; participle pass. שְׁחִית mutilated. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 22, 24 (Hebrew text נתוק). ↗ original

שַׁחַת 1 pit, grave. Pesikta Rabbati section 10 (referring to Psalms 75, 8) זה שהשפיל לישראל לבאר ש׳ וכ׳ as zeh (Nehemiah 9, 18) brought Israel down to the lowest pit, so did zeh (Exodus 30, 13) lift it up etc.; and elsewhere ↗ original

שַׁחַת 2 (the preceding) low growth, corn in its earliest stage used instead of grass. Peah 2, 1 הקוצר לש׳ he who cuts young corn to be used as fodder; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 8. Menachoth 10, 8 (71ᵃ) קוצר לש׳ ומאכיל לבהמה (Babylonian edition מאכל, correct accordingly) one may cut barley as shaḥath and give it to the cattle (before the ʿOmer has been offered); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 10, 32 קוצר לש׳ עד שלא וכ׳ as to cutting barley for fodder: before it has approached maturity by one third, one may begin etc. Menachoth 71ᵇ כל לש׳ לא וכ׳ whatever is for fodder is not considered as harvesting. Shabbath 24, 2. Kiddushin 62ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁחֲתָא same.Targum Amos 7, 1 (Hebrew text גִּזֵּי). trouble in the lower extremities, piles (or worms). Gittin 69ᵇ לשי׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) (other edition Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) לשח׳, לשחי׳; Talmud edition לרוּשְׁחָתָא). ↗ original

שַׁחֲתָא = Hebrew שַׁחַת I, pit. Targum Psalms 94, 13 manuscript (edition שוחה). arm-pit, see שְׁחָאתָא. ↗ original

שָׁט , see שׁוּט ↗ original

שְׂטָא , see שְׂטֵי ↗ original

שְׁטָא , see שְׁטֵי ↗ original

שִׁטָּא , see sub שִׁיטּ׳. ↗ original

שָׂטָה , see שׂטי ↗ original

שָׁטָה , see שׁטי ↗ original

שָׁטוֹחַ , see שָׁטִיחַ ↗ original

שָׁטוּף (שָׁטַף) washed, see שָׁטַף. carried away by passion, dissolute. Shabbath 152ᵃ, see זִימָּה I; and elsewhere—plural שְׁטוּפִין. Bamidbar Rabbah section 20²² יש צנועין ויש ש׳ בזמה some springs raise chaste men, and some, dissolute men. Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 13 עסוקין וש׳ בגזל passionately addicted to robbery; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁטוֹף (שְׁטַף) rapidity; (adverb) rapidly. Targum Jeremiah 12, 5. ↗ original

שִׁטּוּפָא , see שִׁטְפָא ↗ original

שְׁטוּת (שָׁטָה) madness; folly. Bamidbar Rabbah section 9⁶ (referring to Numbers 5, 12) תשטה תשטה כתיב בשין … עד שיכנס בה רוח ש׳ (not בה הש׳ …) it is written with Shin so that you may read thishṭeh, to intimate that a woman will not go astray, unless the spirit of insanity has entered into her; Sotah 3ᵃ אין אדם עובר עבירה … רוח ש׳ no man sins unless etc. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 9, see מוֹרָא 2. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 9, 57ᵈ אדיין … עומד בשְׁטוּתוֹ Bar P. still insists upon his foolish opinion. Bechoroth 5ᵇ (play on שטים, Numbers 25, 1) שנתעסקו בדברי ש׳ they were engaged in foolish things; Sanhedrin 106ᵃ. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 34 (referring to Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 3, 11) כל מה … אבל הש׳ וכ׳ whatever thou hast made, thou hast made well, but insanity, which thou hast created, of what avail is it before thee?; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁטוּתָא same. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 2, 3. the same place (ibid.) 13. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 25, 1 (see the preceding); and frequently—Shabbath 121ᵇ; see שַׁטְיָא. Vayikra Rabbah section 16, end הדר שטיא לאורח שְׁטוּתֵיה the fool will go back to his foolish way (with referring to Proverbs 26, 11). Kethuboth 17ᵃ, see שׁוֹטִיתָא; and frequently (see שׁוּט 2) contempt. Targum Proverbs 12, 8.—5. שַׁטְיוּתָא. ↗ original

שָׁטַח (Biblical Hebrew) to spread, stretch. Shabbath 22, 4 שׁוֹטְחָן בחמה he may spread them (to dry) in the sun. Betzah 11ᵃ שוטחן ברוח וכ׳ he may spread them in the air on pins; and frequently—participle passive שָׁטוּחַ; feminine שְׁטוּחָה etc. Ruth Rabbah to 4, 12 (referring to Genesis 21, 25) שהיה יצחק ש׳ כאן וכ׳ Isaac was stretched out (prostrated in prayer) on one side, and Rebekah on the other; Bereshith Rabbah section 63; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 110; Yalkut Shimoni Ruth 608. Tosefta Tohoroth 9, 10 כלים שְׁטוּחִין וכ׳ garments which are spread (hung up) … higher than ten handbreadths; and elsewhere Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתַּטֵּח, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִשְׁתַּטֵּחַ to prostrate one’s self. Chagigah 22ᵇ הלך … ונ׳ על קברי וכ׳ R. J. went and prostrated himself on the graves of etc. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 18, 2 [read:] והן … ומִשְׁתַּטְּחִין ונופלין על פניהם (edition Buber edition משתחוין) וכ׳ and they alighted from their horses and threw themselves down and fell upon their faces etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 133. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 2, 1 וכיון שמגיע … מִשְׁתַּטֵּחַ וכ׳ but when the wave reaches the shore of the sea, it prostrates itself before the sand; (Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 350 כורע); and frequently ↗ original

שְׁטַח Targum Numbers 11, 32 (O. edition Berlin edition שַׁטַּחוּ Pa'el; edition Vienna edition O. שחטו, correct accordingly). Targum Isaiah 38, 21 Regia (edition ישורטון; edition Lagarde edition וישיטרון, variant reading וישרטון; Hebrew text מרח). Targum Jeremiah 8, 2; and elsewhere—Betzah 11ᵇ מה לי למִשְׁטְחִינְהוּ וכ׳ what difference is there between spreading the hides (on the Holy Day) and salting them? Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᵃ bottom of the page, see מסבסלה; and elsewhere—Ruth Rabbah to 1, 17 ובתר … אנן שַׁטְחִין (שַׁטְחוּן) שַׁטְהִין קליה וכ׳ after the festival we shall spread the report of it (the precious stone), and whatever price it may fetch etc. Af'el הִפְעִיל אַשְׁטִח same. Targum Job 12, 23. Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁטַּח same, see above. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּטַּח, Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׁתְּטַח to prostrate one’s self. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 17, 17 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition נפל). Targum Deuteronomy 9, 25. Targum Jeremiah 4, 31; and frequently—Bava Metzia 85ᵇ אִשְׁתֵּטְּחִי אמערתיה I prostrated myself over his (Elijah’s) burial cave. ↗ original

שׂטי , see סָטָה ↗ original

שְׂטֵי , see סְטֵי ↗ original

שטי (compare סָטָה) [to go astray,] to be demented, foolish. 5. שׁוֹטֶה. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׁטָה, Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתַּטֶּה, , Nithpa'el נִשְׁתַּטֶּה to become demented. Tosefta Bava Kamma 4, 4 שנִישְׁטוּ בעלין edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading שנִשְׁתַּטּוּ) whose owner became insane; Bava Kamma 39ᵇ. Yevamoth 14, 1 נִשְׁתַּטֵּית וכ׳ if the wife becomes insane, he cannot divorce her; נ׳ וכ׳ if he becomes insane, he can never divorce her; and frequently to be mad; to rage, be impassioned. Bamidbar Rabbah section 20²³ היה נִשְׁטֶה אחריה וכ׳ he was mad with passion for her, as we read (Hosea 4, 11) etc.; Tanchuma Balak 18 היו משטתה וכ׳ (read: היה מִשְׁתַּטֶּה; edition Buber edition 25 נשטה). the same place (ibid.) והוא נ׳ וכ׳ and he in his rage for her slaughtered it to Baal Peor; Bamidbar Rabbah the passage cited Tosefta Niddah 5, 17 עד מתי אתם נִשְׁטִין וכ׳ how long will you rage? cry to him that created the sea. Tanchuma Vayera 22 והזקן הוא ה׳ וכ׳ and that old man (Abraham) has run mad, and he is going to slay thee. Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 131 והיתה צועקת ומִשְׁתַּטָּה … ומִשְׁתַּטֶּה מבחוץ and she screamed and raged within, and David screamed and raged without; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 34 והיו צועקות שתיהן ומַשְׁטוֹת … ומַשְׁטֶה בחוץ and both of them (mother and daughter) screamed and raged etc. Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 846 [read:] מכאן שמשאדם רואה בנים כאילו הוא משתטה from this we learn that, when a man lives to have children, he acts like a fool (in playing with them). Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁטָה same, see above. (with ב) to fool, jest. Yevamoth 106ᵃ; Bava Kamma 116ᵃ אמר ליה משטה אני בך he may say, I was only jesting with thee. Bava Bathra 175ᵃ אין אדם משטה בשעת מיתה nobody jests in his dying hour (therefore a dying man’s admission of indebtedness does not require the usual formalities to be binding). ↗ original

שְׁטֵי —participle שָׁטֵי, which see—[Targum I Samuel 17, 42 שַׁטְיֵה, see שׁוּט 2 Chaldaic (Aramaic)] Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּטֵּי to become or be demented, to rage; to be engaged in ecstatic exercises. Targum I Samuel 18, 10 (Hebrew text ויתנבא). Targum I Kings 18, 29. Targum Deuteronomy 28, 34. Targum Jeremiah 23, 9. Targum Ezekiel 20, 29. Targum I Samuel 1, 14 (Hebrew text תשתכרין); and elsewhere—Megillah 12ᵇ וההוא גברא א׳ בחמריה and this man (thou, Ahasver) is demented from the small quantity of wine he drank. Bereshith Rabbah section 50 (explained וילאו, Genesis 19, 11) אִישְׁתַּטּוּן they became demented (with referring to אויל, Jeremiah 4, 22). ↗ original

שָׁטֵי (the preceding) insane, madman, fool. Targum I Samuel 21, 15. the same place (ibid.) 17, 43. Targum Proverbs 20, 3 כל שָׁאטֵי manuscript (edition Lagarde edition כל דשאטי; other edition דשטי). Targum Psalms 14, 1 (Hebrew text נבל); and frequently—Shabbath 121ᵇ אבין ש׳ מתני וכ׳ foolish Abin teaches his son folly. Yevamoth 31ᵃ; Kethuboth 20ᵃ בר ש׳ one subject to attacks of insanity. Vayikra Rabbah section 16, end, see שְׁטוּתָא. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 7 (referring to Job 12, 16 שוגג ומשגה, a. reading מִשְׁגֶּה) ש׳ ושטיותא (edition Buber edition ושטיתא, correct accordingly, or ושטותא) the madman and the madness; Yalkut Shimoni Job 906 ש׳ ושטות (read: ושטותא). Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 9, 21, see מוֹרָא 2; and frequently—plural שַׁטְיָין, שָׁטַיָּיא, שֵׁטְיֵי. Targum Psalms 107, 17. the same place (ibid.) 49, 11 (edition Vilna edition שַׁטְיָא, correct accordingly). Targum Proverbs 8, 5; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 2, 49ᵈ וכל עמא ש׳ are all other people fools?—Fem. שָׁטֵיתָא. Targum Proverbs 14, 1 (some edition שַׁטְיָתָא).—Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Simeon) שׁוֹטֵיתָא (some edition שטותא, read: שָׁטֵי׳), see מוֹרָא 2. ↗ original

שַׁטְיוּתָא (the preceding) madness, folly. Targum Proverbs 13, 16 (edition Vilna edition שקי׳, correct accordingly). the same place (ibid.) 14, 8; 18. the same place (ibid.) 26, 9 (some edition שיטותא, correct accordingly; Hebrew text משל!); and frequently—Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 7, see the preceding; and elsewhere (see שׁוּט 2 Chaldaic (Aramaic))contempt. Targum Proverbs 18, 3.—5. שְׁטוּתָא. ↗ original

שָׁטִיחַ (שָׁטַח) spread, rug, mat. Kelim 24, 12 העשוי לש׳ a hide used as a rug (to sit on). the same place (ibid.) 28, 5 Nedarim 40ᵇ and the following (referring to כלי גולה, Ezekiel 12, 3) זו נר וקערה וש׳ that means a light, a dish, and a mat; Echah Rabbah to 1, 2 חמת וש׳ וכ׳ a leather bag, a mat, and a dish. Chullin 9, 3 (123ᵃ) המפשיט … לש׳ (not לשטיחה) he who flays a hide … to be used for a spread; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 8, 18 לשָׁטוֹחַ; Chullin 123ᵇ לשטוח; and elsewhere—plural שְׁטִיחִין. Tosefta Avodah Zarah 4 (5), 10 ש׳ לבהמה spreads (covers) for beasts. Niddah 55ᵃ; Chullin 122ᵃ. Bamidbar Rabbah section 2; Vayikra Rabbah section 23 שְׁטוֹ׳, see סַיָּיח; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁטִיחָא —plural שְׁטִיחִין layers. Targum Onkelos Numbers 11, 32 some edition, see מַשְׁטָחָא. ↗ original

שטיחה , see שָׁטִיחַ ↗ original

שָׁטִּים (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun Shittim, a ravine opposite Jericho. Sanhedrin 106ᵃ (referring to Numbers 25, 1) ש׳ שמה the name of the place was Sh., see שְׁטוּת. Bereshith Rabbah section 18 (referring to Malachi 2, 13 שנית) שניה לש׳ the second time (you did this) since the events at Shittim (Numbers the passage cited). Tanchuma T’rum. 9 חטאו בש׳ ולקו בש׳ ונתרפאו בשִׁטִּים they sinned at Sh. (Numbers the passage cited), they were smitten at Sh. (the same place (ibid.) 9), and were healed through shiṭṭim (acacias, of the Tabernacle); and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁטִּים see שִׁיטָּה. ↗ original

שְׁטֵיף , see שְׁטַף ↗ original

שְׁטִיפָה (שָׁטַף) rinsing with cold water for the purification of certain vessels (Leviticus 6, 21). Sifra Tsav, Parah 3, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 7; Zevachim 11, 7; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 10, 13, and the following, see מְרִיקָה; and frequently ↗ original

שָׂטַם (b. h; compare טמם) to lie in wait for; to bear a grudge against, persecute. Bereshith Rabbah section 67, see סִנְטֵר. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 39ᶜ (explained רישׄטׄםׄ, Genesis 27, 41) שׄנאה טׄמׄונה hidden hatred. Pesikta Rabbati section 13 יוסף … יַיִּשְׂטְמוּהוּ והיו … ששוֹטְמָם וכ׳ his brothers sinned against Joseph, ‘and they persecuted him’ (Genesis 49, 23), and his brothers thought that he would persecute them as they did him; אבל עשו כששְׂטָמוֹ ליעקב וכ׳ but when Esau persecuted Jacob etc.; and elsewhere Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׂטַם to be hated, persecuted. Bamidbar Rabbah section 14⁵ זה נ׳ וזה נ׳ this one (Jacob) was hated (Genesis 27, 41), and that one (Joseph) was hated (the same place (ibid.) 49, 23). ↗ original

שְׂטַם Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 27, 41 Levita. ↗ original

שָׂטַן , see סָטַן Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׂטִין to accuse, see סָטַן. to lead astroy; participle מַשִׂטִין seducer. Tanchuma Vayera 22. ↗ original

שְׂטַן , see סְטַן ↗ original

שָׂטָן the preceding) hostile being, hinderer, disturber; accuser, Satan. Sifré Deuteronomy 218 (referring to Deuteronomy 21, 10 and the following, a. 18 and the following) אביו של זה … והכניס ש׳ לתוך ביתו וכ׳ this man’s father loved a fair captive, and brought the disturber into his house, and his son became rebellious. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 5, 5ᵇ top, see קִטְיֵג. Berachoth 19ᵃ, and elsewhere אל יפתח אדם פיו לש׳ man must not open his mouth for Satan, i.e. invite misfortune by ominous words. Shabbath 89ᵃ בשעה שירד … בא ש׳ וכ׳ when Moses had gone down from the presence of the Lord, Satan came, and said etc. the same place (ibid.) בא ש׳ ועירבב וכ׳ Satan came (to the Israelites), and brought confusion into the world. Rosh Hashanah 16ᵇ, see עִרְבֵּב. Yalkut Shimoni Daniel 1063 ביום … נולד שְׂטָנוֹ דריוש on the day that Nebuchadnezzar entered the Temple … his adversary Darius was born. Tanchuma Vayishl. 8 מפני שהש׳ מזדווג לו because Satan joins him (the wicked on his road); Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 843 מפני שמלאכי ש׳ מלוין אותו because Satan’s messengers escort him; and frequently—בכור ש׳, see בְּכוֹר.—plural שְׂטָנִים. Devarim Rabbah section 11, see סַמָּאֵל. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 1 שלשה ש׳ נזדווגו לו three hindrances befell him (Solomon, I Kings 11, 14; 23; 25); and elsewhere ↗ original

שָׂטָן ² Targum I Kings 5, 18; and frequently, see סְטַן 2.—Kiddushin 30ᵃ; Sukkah 38ᵃ Munich manuscript 2 (edition ס׳), see גִּיר 3. Kiddushin 81ᵃ אידמי ליה ש׳ כאיתתא Satan (temptation) appeared to him as a woman. the same place (ibid.) הוה רגיל … גירא בעיניה דש׳ used to say every day, I challenge Satan, see גִּיר 3. Shabbath 32ᵃ ש׳ בתרי אומי וכ׳ Satan has no power over two persons of different nationalities (on the same boat etc.); and elsewhere—5. סְטַן 2.—plural שִׂטְנֵי, שׂוֹטְנֵי, see סְטַן 2. ↗ original

שָׁטַף to wash, rinse. Zevachim 11, 6 (94ᵇ) ושׁוֹטְפוֹ, see מָרַק; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 10, 13 ושׁוֹטְפָן. Tosefta Chullin 10, 4 השׁוֹטֵף רחיליו חייב וכ׳ if one washes his lambs (in place of clipping), he is bound to give the priest’s share of the wool (that they shed); Chullin 137ᵃ; and frequently—participle passive שָׁטוּף. Shabbath 99ᵃ (referring to Exodus 35, 26) ש׳ בעזים וטווו בעזים Munich manuscript (edition מן העזים) the hair was washed on the goats and spun on the goats; the same place (ibid.) 74ᵇ; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 370. to flood, carry off, drown. Bava Metzia 8, 5 ש׳ נהר זיתיו וכ׳ if a stream carried off one’s olive-trees and deposited them in a neighbor’s field. Bava Kamma 10, 4 (115ᵇ) ש׳ נהר חמורו וכ׳ (Babylonian edition נחל) if a stream (ravine) carried off his own and his neighbor’s ass …, and he let go his own and saved his neighbor’section the same place (ibid.) 5 (117ᵇ) שְׁטָפָהּ נהר if the river washed it (the unlawfully taken field) away. Yoma 78ᵃ נחל שׁוֹטֵף a swiftly running brook. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 1, 46ᵃ ירד שֶׁטֶף … ושְׁטָפוֹ a rain shower came down and washed it (the mark on the grave) off. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 8, end, 11ᵈ בששְׁטָפָן (not בששטן), see גּוּשׁ. Shemoth Rabbah section 24 נתמלא … ובקש לשׁוֹטְפָן the genius of the sea became wroth against them, and wanted to drown them. Bamidbar Rabbah section 19⁹ ויצאו מים רבים ושָׁטְפוּ כל וכ׳ many waters came forth, and flooded all those who murmured; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 78, 20 (correct accordingly); and frequently—5. שָׁטוּף. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁטִיף same. Taanith 6ᵃ ומַשְׁטִיף את הזרעים (Munich manuscript ששׁוֹטֵף, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) it (the heavy rain) washes the seeds away; Yalkut Shimoni Joel 535 ומְשַׁטֵּף (Pi'el).—participle passive מוּשְׁטָף; plural מוּשְׁטָפִים carried off, floating. Shemoth Rabbah the passage cited לפי שראו … מ׳ על פני המים because they saw the bodies … floating on the water. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׁטַף, Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתַּטֵּף, , Nithpa'el נִשְׁתַּטֵּף to be washed, showered upon; to take a shower bath. Shabbath 40ᵃ ויוצא ומִשְׁתַּטַּף וכ׳ and goes out (of the steam-room), and takes a shower bath in the outer room. the same place (ibid.)ᵇ ובלבד שלא יִשְׁתַּטֵּף וכ׳ but he must not have a cold shower bath and then warm himself etc. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3 (4), 4; and frequently to be swept away, drowned. Sifré Deuteronomy 307 מה ראו … שנִשְׁטְפוּ במים why were the men of the flood drowned in water?; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 942 שיִשָּׁטְפוּ; Sifré the passage cited מה … להִשְׁתַּטֵּף באש וכ׳ why were the men of Sodom … swept away by fire and sulphur?; Yalkut Shimoni the passage cited להִשָּׁטֵף; and elsewhere—Transferred to be carried away by passion. Bamidbar Rabbah section 9¹⁷; Sifré Numbers 12 הרבה קידמוך ונִשְׁטְפוּ many women before thee have been carried away (into infidelity). ↗ original

שְׁטֵף to wash, rinse. Targum I Kings 22, 38. Targum 2 Samuel 11, 8; and elsewhere—Tamid 27ᵇ שְׁטוֹף ושתי שטוף ואחית rinse (the cup) and drink, rinse, and set it down; and elsewhere to overflow, flood, wash away. Targum Psalms 78, 20 ישטפון מיא manuscript (omitted in edition). Targum Isaiah 33, 21. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 21, 16. Targum Psalms 124, 4; and elsewhere—Nazir 32ᵇ שַׁטְפוּהוּ ובנן וכ׳ the Rabbis carried R. El. away, and made him stand on their principle, i.e. made him give up his opinion and adopt theirs. Sukkah 53ᵃ למִשְׁטְפָא וכ׳, see קְפֵי; and elsewhere Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁטֵּף to wash. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 8, 12ᵃ bottom of the page ולא מְשַׁטֵּף ידוי וכ׳ and did not wash his hands up to the joints. ↗ original

שֶׁטֶף flood, shower. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 1, 46ᵃ, see שָׁטַף. Bereshith Rabbah section 73 ש׳ של גשמים a flood caused by rains (brought the rams from Laban’s fold to Jacob’s); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 130; and elsewhere—Transferred passion, anger. Vayikra Rabbah section 24, beginning בזמן שהוא נותן … שיש ש׳ בדינו when he orders execution (punishment), none praise him, for they know that there is passion in his judgment; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 843; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 14ᵇ washing, rinsing; כלי ש׳ a vessel which requires only rinsing in order to be restored to Levitical cleanness. Chullin 25ᵃ; Zevachim 3ᵇ; and elsewhere wool that is gained by washing. Sifré Deuteronomy 166 (referring to Deuteronomy 18, 4) ראשית גז ולא ראשית הש׳ the first of the wool that is cut, but not the first of the wool that comes out by washing.—4) ש׳ של עזים goat-skin made hairless by washing. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 11; Bereshith Rabbah section 65; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 115 אין לך … מהש׳ וכ׳ there is no smell more offensive than that of washed goat-skins. hair that is fallen out, bald pate. Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 8 (in enigmatic speech) שִׁיטְפִי מאלל (not שיטפו) my hair is going. ↗ original

שִׁטְפָא flood, shower. Targum Job 38, 25. rapidity, (compare שגר) rapid review in recalling a tradition. Shabbath 130ᵇ דילמא אגב שִׁיטְפָךְ רהיט וכ׳ perhaps in the rapidity of reviewing, the tradition came back to thy mind?; אין אגב ש׳ רהיטא וכ׳ (Munich manuscript שִׁיטְפָאִי, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) yes, my tradition was recalled by the (my) rapid review; Niddah 53ᵇ אגב שטפך אתיא לך; אגב שטפאי אתיא לי. rush of people. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 19, beginning 16ᵈ כד תחמון ש׳ עבר וכ׳ when you see the crowd pass by, bring them (the keys) by way of the row (the lines of men forming a partition for Sabbath purposes). [sweeping away, compare נסח, נסע,] discarding from the mind, forgetfulness. Bereshith Rabbah section 81, see עָקַת; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 135 שִׁטּוּפָא; Tanchuma Vayishl. 8 שמטי. (see the preceding 5) hair. Vayikra Rabbah section 15 (referring to Job 38, 25) אית אתרין … שי׳ there are places where they call the hair shiṭfa; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 554 שִׁיטְפָה. ↗ original

*שְׂטַר = סְטַר to slap. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 4, 35ᵇ bottom of the page ש׳ ותלי ביה he slaps (the fig-tree) etc., see תָּחוּב. [Comment. refer to שְׁטַר: he smears clay over it.] ↗ original

שָׁטַר to draw lines, arrange; [Assyr. šaṭâru to write]; see שׁוֹטֵר. ↗ original

שְׁטַר (the preceding) to draw, spread, strike (butter, salve etc.). Targum Isaiah 38, 21 ויִשְׁטְרוּן edition Vienna edition (edition Lagarde edition וישיטרון; edition Vilna edition וישורטון), see שְׁטַח.—Gittin 69ᵇ ונִשְׁטְרִינְהוּ בכמכא and let him strike kamakh (see כָּמַךְ) over it; (Rashi: let him soak it in k.). the same place (ibid.) ונשטרינהו בדובשא and strike honey over it. Pesachim 44ᵃ אי מִשְׁטַר קָשְׁטַר וכ׳ if he spreads it (on bread) and eats it (Rashi: if he dips bread into it); Nazir 36ᵇ. Bava Metzia 85ᵇ אִשְׁטַר לך משטר I will smear thee a salve (over thy eyes). ↗ original

שֶׁטֶר (see שׁוֹטֵר) executive office, execution. Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 907 אלמלא שִׁטְרוֹ של יואב וכ׳ but for the executive office of Joab, David could not have executed justice; Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 147 שוטרו (read: שִׁיטְרוֹ); Tanchuma Shof’ṭim 2 סיטנו; edition Buber edition 3 שיטנו (correct accordingly). ↗ original

שְׁטָר (see שָׁטַר) writ, document. Kiddushin 1, 1 a woman may be acquired as wife בכסף בש׳ וכ׳ by handing her money (or money’s worth), by a writ (handing her a paper on which is written, ‘thou art betrothed unto me’) etc. the same place (ibid.) 2 a slave is acquired בש׳ by a document (bill of sale). the same place (ibid.) 3ᵇ; and frequently—Esp. ש׳ חוב (or supply (understood word) חוב) note of indebtedness, bond. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 1, 16ᵇ bottom of the page חוטף ש׳ אחד, see נָשָׂא; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, beginning 27ᶜ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, end, 61ᵈ חוטף אחד (correct accordingly); Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 744 ש׳ חוב אחד. Bava Metzia 1, 8 מצא ש׳ בין שְׁטָרוֹתָין וכ׳ if a person finds (another man’s) bond among his papers, and does not know its nature (by whom it was deposited etc.); and frequently—plural שְׁטָרוֹת, construct state שְׁטָרֵי. Gittin 1, 5, see עַרְכִי. Bava Metzia the passage cited תכריך של ש׳ a roll of bonds; אגודה של ש׳ a bundle of bonds. the same place (ibid.) ש׳ חליצה, ש׳ מיאונין see respective determinants. the same place (ibid.) 6; and very frequently ↗ original

שְׁטָרָא Targum Jeremiah 32, 10. the same place (ibid.) 12. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 19, 20 שְׁטַר (construct state); and elsewhere—Gittin 57ᵇ שְׁטַר פרטתא, see פִּירְטָא. Bava Metzia 17ᵇ כמאן דנקיט ש׳ בידיה as valid as if he held a bond in his hand; and frequently—Pesachim 78ᵃ ור׳ יוסי ש׳ מזכי … הוא is R. Jose a bond in favor of both parties?, i.e. does he not adopt two opinions contradictory to each other in principle?.—plural שְׁטָרֵי, שְׁטָרָאֵי. Kethuboth 85ᵃ; Bava Bathra 151ᵃ, see מְלוֹגָא. ↗ original

שִׁטְרָא (the preceding) line, especially (compare Psalms 19, 5 קַוָּם) the course of stars, orbit. Targum Job 38, 33 שִׁטְרֵיה דגלגליה edition Lagarde edition (other edition שִׁטְרֵי, plural, construct state; Hebrew text משטרו). plural שִׁטְרִין. the same place (ibid.) 32 ש׳ מזליא (Hebrew text מזרות). the same place (ibid.) 9, 9. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 39, 37. ↗ original

שִׁטְּתָא , see שִׁיטָּא, a. שִׁיטְּתָא. ↗ original

שַׁי (Biblical Hebrew) offering, gift, tribute. Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 288 (referring to עד כי יבא שילה Genesis 49, 10) קרי ביה עד כי יובל שי לו read it, until tribute is brought to him. *Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 32 (play on יׄאׄשׄיׄהׄוׄ) [read:] שנרצה כשי למזבח יׄאׄה שׄיׄ הׄוׄא לפניו he was as acceptable as an offering on the altar; a worthy gift was he before Him; Yalkut Shimoni Kings 200 (correct accordingly); [perh. to be read: שֵׂי, see next word). ↗ original

שֵׂי = Hebrew שֶׂה, lamb. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 22, 27 שְׂיֵיהּ his (Abraham’s) lamb (Isaac). [שֵׂיוֹ his lamb, see שֶׂה).—5. שֵׂיתָא. ↗ original

שִׂיאוּר (see שְׂאוֹר) leavening; (supply (understood word) עיסת) dough beginning to ferment. Pesachim 3, 5 ש׳ ישרף dough beginning to ferment (on Passover) must be burnt, contradistinguished to סִירּוּק. the same place (ibid.) איזהו ש׳ כקרני וכ׳ dough is called siur, when the cracks on the surface spread like the horns of locusts; (anoth. opinion) כל שהכסיפו וכ׳, see כָּסַף. Menachoth 53ᵃ (referring to Leviticus 6, 10) ואימא … אלא ש׳ may I not interpret, ‘it shall not be baked leavened’, but it may be baked as siur? the same place (ibid.) ש׳ דמאן siur as defined by whom (by R. Meir or R. Judah)?; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 5, 32ᵇ bottom of the page שחטו על סִיעוּר if a person slaughtered the Passover lamb while having in his house dough just beginning to ferment.—5. סִיאוּר. ↗ original

שַׁיָּאטָא , see שַׁיָּטָא ↗ original

שְׁיָאפָא , see שַׁיְפָא ↗ original

שֵׁיב seven, see שַׁב I. ↗ original

שִׁיבָּא (see שָׁבַב) chip. Horayoth 3ᵇ, see כָּשׁוֹרָא. Bava Bathra 36ᵇ מימר אמד כל ש׳ וש׳ דכרבא וכ׳ (Munich manuscript שִׁיבֵּי, plural, see Rashb. ad loc. (on the passage)) (the owner of a field which he allows another man to plough) may think, let every chip of the plough go into it (the soil), i.e. he does not care to protest as long as his neighbor derives no benefit from his field; [anoth. opinion, see below].—Avodah Zarah 69ᵇ, see שַׁיְיכָא.—plural שִׁיבֵּי. Bava Bathra the passage cited, see above. Shabbath 67ᵃ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition צ׳), see כָּשׁוֹרָא. incision, groove. Bava Bathra the passage cited כל ש׳ וש׳ וכ׳ let every incision that the plough makes go into it (the soil).—plural as ab. Pesachim 74ᵃ איידי דאית ליה ש׳ because palm wood has grooves etc. ↗ original

שֵׂיבָא , Koheleth Rabbah to 5, 8, see סֵיבָא I ↗ original

שיבאו , see next word ↗ original

שִׁיבַאי (שָׁבָה) a species of spider. Tosefta Parah 9 (8), 6, quoted in Rabbenu Shimshon to Parah 9, 2 (edition שיבאו, variant reading שואבו, correct accordingly, or שׁוֹבַאי). ↗ original

שֵּׁיבָבָא (compare סבב) neighbor. Targum Exodus 12, 4 (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition Vienna edition שיכ׳, correct accordingly).—plural שִׁיבְבִין, שִׁיבְבֵי. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 24, 17 (not שיבבון). Targum 2 Kings 4, 3 (edition Vilna edition שְׁבֵבַ׳, some edition שכיניכי); and elsewhere—Bava Bathra 29ᵃ ש׳ מידע ידעי וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition ידיע, correct accordingly) neighbors surely know (if people use a house) by day and by night. Sanhedrin 96ᵇ עמון ומואב ש׳ בישי וכ׳ Ammon and Moab were bad neighbors of Jerusalem. Shabbath 109ᵇ ולישלקיה … בי ש׳ let him boil it in beer at the house of one of the neighbors; Munich manuscript בשיכרא דש׳ in beer belonging to neighbors; [other opinion in Rashi: בי ש׳ at the gleam of sunset, see שְׁבִיבָא; variant reading in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) בי שכיבי in the cemetery].—Fem. שֵׁיבַבְתָּא, שְׁבַ׳. Targum Exodus 3, 22 (edition Berlin edition שִׁיבָבְ׳; manuscript שַׁבִּיבְ׳, correct accordingly).—Sanhedrin 97ᵃ אתאי שֵׁיבַבְתָּהּ וכ׳ a neighbor of hers came and knocked at the door.—plural שֵׁיבְבָתָא. Targum Ruth 4, 17 שיבבתאן edition Lagarde edition (edition Vienna edition שֵׁיבַבְתָּן!). ↗ original

שֵׁיבְבוּתָא (the preceding) neighborhood. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 15, 11.—Shabbath 119ᵃ הוה … בשֵׁבְבוּתֵיה there was a gentile in his neighborhood. Sotah 22ᵃ ההיא אלמנה … בשֵׁיבְבוּתָהּ a widow in whose neighborhood was a synagogue; לא … בשֵׁיבְבוּתָךְ is there no synagogue in thy own neighborhood? Taanith 23ᵇ הנהו … בשֵׁיבְבוּתָן (it happened on account) of those lawless people that lived in their neighborhood. Berachoth 10ᵃ, see בַּרְיוֹנָא; and frequently ↗ original

שֵׁיבְבִין , see שִׁבְּבִין ↗ original

שִׁיבָה going back, return; use of the root שׁוּב. Sifra M’tsora, Nega'im, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 4, Parah 7 (referring to Leviticus 14, 39, a. 43) מה ש׳ האמורה להלן וכ׳ as the coming back mentioned there refers to the lapse of a week, so it does here. the same place (ibid.) זו היא ש׳, see בִּיאָה 2; Menachoth 4ᵃ. Makkoth 13ᵃ גמר ש׳ ש׳ מהתם we learn the meaning of שוב (Numbers 35, 28) from שוב there (Leviticus 25, 41), i.e. he is restored to his ancestral estate; and elsewhere ↗ original

שֵׂיבָה see סָב) gray hair, old age, venerability of old age. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 52 מיום שברא … לא נזרקה ש׳ וכ׳ since heaven and earth were created, the white of old age was not sprinkled upon men, until Abraham came etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 59 (referring to Psalms 71, 18) לא היא זקנה ולא היא ש׳ אלא … תן לי ש׳ are not ziḳnah and sebah the same? But (David prayed), if thou givest me old age, give me its venerable appearance with it. Avoth 5, 21 בן שבעים לש׳ when seventy years old, man enters hoary age, contradistinguished to זקנה; and frequently ↗ original

שִׁיבְהוֹר , see שִׁבְהוֹר ↗ original

שֵׂיבוּ , see סֵיבוּ ↗ original

שִׁיבּוּחָא (שְׁבַח) song, praise; pleasure. Targum Psalms 17, 1 (edition Vilna edition שַׁבּ׳).—plural שִׁיבּוּחִין, שִׁבּ׳. Targum Proverbs 8, 31 שִׁבּוּחַיי edition Lagarde edition (edition Vilna edition שִׁבּוּחֵי, correct accordingly; Hebrew text שַׁעְשֻׁעַי). the same place (ibid.) 30 וכד ש׳ הוית Bxt. (edition Vilna edition וכדש׳; edition Lagarde edition וכד הוה, read: וכד חדי הוה, see Pesh.). ↗ original

שִׁיבּוּטָא (שבט) shibbuṭa, name of a fish, probably mullet (Cephalus, see Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 4029). Bava Kamma 55ᵃ; Sanhedrin 59ᵇ; [Tosafoth to Avodah Zarah 39ᵃ identifies our word with עיזא דימא, see עִיזָּא].—Shabbath 119ᵃ רבא מלח ש׳ Raba salted a shibbuṭa himself (for the Sabbath); Kiddushin 41ᵃ. Chullin 109ᵇ חזיר מוחא דש׳ the swine is forbidden, and as a compensation for it the brain of the sh. serves; Vayikra Rabbah section 22 דג ששמו ש׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 69ᵇ וכשחזרו … חוץ מן הדג הנקרא ש׳ and when the Israelites returned (from the Babylonian captivity), all the animals exiled with them returned except the fish named shibbuṭa. Pesachim 112ᵇ דג ש׳ ביומי דניסן of the fishes the sh. is bad for leprosy during the month of Nisan. ↗ original

שִׁיבּוֹלָא , see שׁוֹבַל, a. next word ↗ original

שִׁיבּוֹלֶת , Shaf. of יבל; compare יְבוּל) ear of corn, spike. Peah 5, 2 ש׳ שבקציר וכ׳ a single ear (that remained uncut when the cutting took place, but) the top of which reached up to the standing corn: if (by its position) it might have been cut with the standing corn etc. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 2 והש׳ בראש הקנה וכ׳ and the ear is on top of the stalk, and its stalk boasts and says, for my sake has the field been sown; and frequently—Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 20 שהיתה שִׁבּוֹלְתָּם גבוהה וכ׳ (not שמלתם) their spikes were as high as those of barley (see עֲנָבָה).—ש׳ שׁוּעָל (fox-tail,) oats. Kilayim 1, 1 השעורים וש׳ ש׳ וכ׳ barley and oats … are not considered heterogeneous; (Maimonides: desert (wild) barley). Pesachim 2, 5 בחטים … בש׳ ש׳ with unleavened bread made of wheat, barley, spelt, rye, or oats. the same place (ibid.) 35ᵃ ש׳ ש׳ ושיפון וכ׳ oats and rye are species of barley; the same place (ibid.) ש׳ ש׳ שבולי תעלא Oxford manuscript (edition שבילי, correct accordingly) shibboleth shuʿal are (in Chaldaic (Aramaic)) shibbole taʿăla Menachoth 70ᵇ; and elsewhere—ש׳ נֵרְדְּ (spica nardi) spikenard, a species of Valerian, an ingredient of frankincense in the Temple. Kerithoth 6ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 4, 41ᵈ.—ש׳ זָקָן the pointed ends of the chin, the lower jawbones and the chin proper. Makkoth 20ᵇ.—plural שִׁבֳּלִים, שִׁבָּלִין, שִׁיבֳּ׳. Shabbath 113ᵇ שתי ש׳ לקטה וכ׳ two ears that fell down she (Ruth) picked up, three, she did not; Yalkut Shimoni Ruth 601. Tosefta Peah 2, 21 השי׳ (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) השו׳, correct accordingly); and frequently (compare יִבְלָא I) ש׳ הַנָּהָר the current of the river, rapid stream. Makhshirin 1, 6 הנותן … בש׳ הנ׳ וכ׳ if a person puts his products on a rapid, that it may float them down. Bereshith Rabbah section 56 [read:] לאחד ששמר את גנו מש׳ הנ׳ והקיף גן בנו עמו like one that guarded his garden from the ravages of the current, and surrounded his son’s garden at the same time. ↗ original

שִׁיבּוּלְתָּא , ear. Sotah 5ᵃ; and elsewhere, see סָאסָא; see שׁוּבְלָא. ↗ original

שִׁיבּוּקָא (שְׁבַק) remission. Targum Job 2, 1 (edition Vilna edition שִׁבּוֹק). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 19, 9. plural שִׁיבּוּקִין, שִׁבּ׳ release. Gittin 9, 3 (in a formula of a letter of divorce) ספר תירוכין ואיגרת שב׳ (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition שיב׳) letter of divorce and deed of release. the same place (ibid.) 85ᵇ ולורכיה … דש׳ דמשמע תריכין ושביקין and (in writing the letter of divorce) one must prolong the Vav of tirukhin and of shibbuḳin, lest it may be read t’rikhin, sh’biḳin ↗ original

שִׁיבּוּר (שָׁבַר) breaking, dashing to pieces. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 2, 3ᵃ top על הש׳ for the breaking (destroying the tops of plants). Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 4, 44ᵃ (referring to Deuteronomy 7, 5) או ש׳ או גידוע וכ׳ either dashing, or hewing down, or pulling down is ordained for each of them (the altar, pillars etc.). Shemoth Rabbah section 46, beginning על ש׳ הלוחות over his breaking the tablets. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 1, 38ᵇ top; and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁיבּוּשׁ (שָׁבֵשׁ, see שְׁבִשְׁתָּא) confusion, blunder. Rosh Hashanah 30ᵇ כדי שיהא … שלא בש׳ so that there be time enough to offer … and to sing the appropriate psalm without confusion. the same place (ibid.) כיון דלא אמור כלל אין לך ש׳ וכ׳ since they recited no song at all (on account of the late hour), there could be no greater confusion than this. ↗ original

שֵׂיבוּת , see סֵיבוּת ↗ original

שיבחה , see שִׁכְחַת ↗ original

שֵׁיבַט , see שְׁבַט 2 ↗ original

שִׁיבְיָא , see שִׁבְיָא, שִבְיָה. ↗ original

שִׁיבִין captives, see שְׁבֵי. ↗ original

שִׁיבְּלָא , see שׁוּבַל ↗ original

שִׁיבְלַי ) feminine a species of quails, see שִׂיכְלַי. ↗ original

שִׁיבֹּלֶת , see שִׁיבּוֹלֶת ↗ original

שֵׁיבְסַר , see שַׁב I ↗ original

שִׂיבְעָא , see סִבְעָא ↗ original

שיבעה , see שְׂבִיעָה ↗ original

שִׁיבְקָא , see sub שִׁבְ׳. ↗ original

שִׁיבְתָא = Hebrew שֶׁבֶת I, dill. Berachoth 39ᵃ מיא דש׳ (Oxford manuscript דשביתא) an infusion of dill. ↗ original

שִׁיבְּתָא Shibb’tha, name of an evil spirit that endangers the health of those that eat food touched with unwashed hands. Yoma 77ᵇ (Munich manuscript 2 סִיבְּתָא); Chullin 107ᵇ (see, however, Tosafoth ad loc. (on the passage)). Taanith 20ᵇ מילתא דש׳ הוה גמיר he had a tradition about Sh. ↗ original

שִׁיבְּתַי , see שַׁבְּתַאי ↗ original

שיג , Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 28ᵃ bottom of the page משיגין; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 7, 50ᶜ bottom of the page משיגא, read: משז׳, see שְׁוַג.—[Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 146; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 7 משיגין, see שָׁגָה.] ↗ original

שִׁיגְדָּא , see שַׁגְדָּא ↗ original

שִׁיגּוּשׁ (שְׁגַשׁ) confusion, perplexity, excitement. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 7, 23. Targum Zechariah 14, 13. Targum Psalms 19, 4. Targum I Samuel 5, 9; and elsewhere—plural שִׁיגּוּשַׂיָּא, שִׁגּ׳. Targum Amos 3, 9 (edition Vilna edition שִׁגוֹ׳). ↗ original

שִׁיגּוּשְׁיָא masculine same. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 28, 20 (edition Vienna edition שִׁגּוּשַׁיָּא, see the preceding). Targum I Samuel 4, 14 (edition Vilna edition שַׁיָּא …). the same place (ibid.) 14, 20 (edition Lagarde edition שיגושי, correct accordingly; edition Vilna edition שִׁגּוּשָׁא). ↗ original

שִׁיגּוּשְׁתָּא same. Targum 2 Esther 6, 1. Targum Esther 1, 10 (not שַׁגִּישְׁתָּא).—plural שִׁיגּוּשָׁתָא, שִׁגּ׳. Targum 2 Chronicles 15, 5. ↗ original

שֵׁיד , see שֵׁד, שֵׁדָא.—[מגדל שיד, see שִׁר.] ↗ original

שִׁידָּא (compare יָד, a. שְׁדָא) side, corner, shaft (corresp. to Hebrew יֶרֶךְ). Targum Exodus 40, 22 (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition Vienna edition שִׁידָא). Targum Psalms 128, 3 (edition Vilna edition שִׁדָא; Hebrew text ירכתי). Targum Jonah 1, 5. Targum Onkelos Exodus 25, 31; 37, 17 שִׁידַּהּ edition Berlin edition (edition Vienna edition שִׁידהּ); and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁידָּא 2 (see next word) chest, box. Kethuboth 65ᵃ, see קַלְפָא. ↗ original

שִׁידָּה (Biblical Hebrew(?); probably frequently שָׁדַד = שָׂדַד to join) strong box, chest. Kelim 15, 1. the same place (ibid.) 18, 1. Mikvaoth 6, 5. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, 65ᵇ (referring to Jonah 3, 8) מה שהיה בכף … בש׳ וכ׳ what robbery they had in their hands, they restored; what they had in the safe, chest, or closet they did not restore; and elsewhere—plural שִׁידּוֹת, שִׁדִּים. the same place (ibid.) 4, 69ᵃ bottom of the page שמנים ש׳ של וכ׳ eighty metal chests were in Shiḥin; but R. G. said, a shiddah did not exist in our days; Gittin 68ᵃ שלש מאות מיני שדים … ושידה עצמה איני יודע מה היא (not ושידת) there were three hundred kinds of shiddim (chests) in Shiḥin, but what a shiddah really is, I do not know; [commentary or commentaries erroneously read שֵׁידָה, שֵׁדִים].—5. next article ↗ original

שֵׁידָה demoness, see שׁד. ↗ original

שֵׁידָה ² —plural שׁידָתִין, שׁידָתֵי. Gittin 68ᵃ (explained שדה ושדות, Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 2, 8). Gittin 68ᵃ (explained שדה ושדות, Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 2, 8) הכי תרגימו שידה ושידתין they translate it thus, demoness and demonesses, i.e. all sorts of female demons; Yalkut Shimoni Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 968 שדה ושדתין. Gittin the passage cited אייתי ש׳ וש׳ וכ׳ let the demons come, and press them against one another, perchance they know; אייתי שידה ושידתי וכ׳ he summoned the demons etc. ↗ original

שידה , Sotah 48ᵇ ש׳ פרנדא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see שִׁירָה I ↗ original

שִׁידּוּךְ (שָׁדַךְ) settlement, negotiations preliminary to betrothal. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 3, 64ᵇ bottom of the page המקדש בלא ש׳ וכ׳ he that betroths a woman without preliminary arrangements, is punished with lashes, but the betrothal is valid; and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁידּוּכָא Kiddushin 12ᵇ רב מנגיד … על דמקדש בלא ש׳ Rab ordered lashing … for one that betroths a woman without preliminaries; and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁידּוּכְיָא , see שְׁדוּכְיָא ↗ original

שִׁידְכָא , see supply (understood word) שִׁד׳. ↗ original

שִׁידְּתָא = Hebrew שִׁידָּה, chest, box. — plural שִׁידָּתָא. Gittin 68ᵃ (explained Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 2, 8, see שִׁידָּה) במערבא אמרי ש׳ in Palestine they say, shiddah v’shiddoth means chests (of all kinds); (Rashi: שִׁידְּתָא singular a coach for women and nobles).—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, 4ᵃ שידתא … עבדא, read as Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 3, 62ᵃ top: שיירתא … עברה]. ↗ original

שִׁיהוּי (שָׁהָה) delay. Shemoth Rabbah section 15²¹ (referring to Exodus 32, 1) אין … לשון ש׳ boshesh means delay; and elsewhere ↗ original

שיהופא , Tosefta Sukkah 1, 10 edition Zuckermann Talmudische Munzen und Gewichte, Breslau 1862, see חֲשִׂיפָה ↗ original

שִׁיהֵי (שְׁהֵי) standing still, gazing. Targum 2 Esther 3, 8; Megillah 13ᵇ; Yalkut Shimoni Esther 1054; see פִּיהֵי. ↗ original

שיהיא , see שִׁחְיָא ↗ original

שִׁיוְוָיא , see שַׁוְיָא 2 ↗ original

שִׁיוְוִין , see שִׁבְּבִין ↗ original

שִׁיּוּטָא (שׁוּט) swimming. Yoma 77ᵇ (explained מי שחו Ezekiel 47, 5) ש׳ שכן קורין לשַׁיָּיטָא וכ׳ (Munich manuscript שייטא, correct accordingly) ‘water for swimming’, for thus they call the swimmer sayyaḥa, see סַחְיָיא; Yalkut Shimoni Ezekiel 381 שייטא (correct accordingly).—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 6, 50ᵃ top לשיוטא, see שַׁיָּטָא.] ↗ original

שְׁיוֹל = Hebrew שְׁאוֹל, nether world, grave. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 32, 22, Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 32, 22 (edition Vienna edition שִׁיּוּל, שִׁיּיוֹל). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 16, 30 (edition Vienna edition שֵׁייוּל). Targum Psalms 9, 18 (edition Lagarde edition שייול); and frequently—Moed Katan 28ᵇ שייול (Munich manuscript שקול, correct accordingly), see אִסְטְלָא. ↗ original

שיוסקי , see שִׁיסְקֵי ↗ original

שיופגד , see שׁוּפְנָר ↗ original

שִׁיּוּר (שִׁיֵּיר) remnant, survival; residuary; leaving unmentioned, omission. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 5, 43ᶜ bottom of the page אין כן ש׳ there would be no surplus (for taking Ḥallah); [probably to be read: שִׁיעוּר]. Kerithoth 2, 5 כל העריות … ומה ש׳ all forbidden connections are specialized in the Law, and what is left?; Babylonian edition (11ᵃ) וש׳ אין לנו וכ׳ and nothing is left over (for deriving from the text by implication) except etc. (the same place (ibid.) Gemara משוייר לנו). Bava Bathra 150ᵃ עשו מטלטלין ש׳ אצל עבד as regards a slave, the scholars have declared movable chattel to be a legal residuary, i.e. if a man bequeathed to his slave all his property except one portion of chattel, he is not free (because a slave may be classed with movable chattel); ולא … ש׳ אצל כתובה but in the case of a wife’s jointure movables are not a legal residuary, i.e. if one bequeaths to his sons all he owns, and to his wife one small object, and she accepts that gift, she has not forfeited her jointure. the same place (ibid.)ᵇ ובכולהו מטלטלי הוי ש׳ וכ׳ and in all these cases, movables are a residuary (causing forfeiture), except etc.; and elsewhere—plural שִׁיּוּרִים, שִׁיּוּרִין, שִׁיּיוּ׳. Bamidbar Rabbah section 19²¹ אותם ש׳ שיצאו וכ׳ (edition Vilna edition שיירות) those survivors that had come out of Egypt, and over whom death had been decreed. [Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, beginning 5ᶜ שיזרי וכ׳ probably to be read: שִׁיּוּרֵי the remnants of dry twigs (that had been used as fuel).]—5. שְׁיָיר. ↗ original

שִׁיּוּרָא Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 45, 7. Targum Psalms 17, 14 שִׁיּוּרְהוֹן (edition Lagarde edition שִׁיּוּרֵיהוֹן plural); and elsewhere, see שְׁיָירָא I.—Bava Kamma 15ᵃ לאו ש׳ הוא this is not left over, i.e. you cannot consider this case an omission so as to allow logical deduction from it, because, it does not belong there; Sukkah 54ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original

שֵׁיזֵב (Shaf. of עזב, see Delitzsch, Prolegomena, p. 140) to release, save. Targum Exodus 2, 19. Targum Deuteronomy 32, 39; and frequently—Sanhedrin 96ᵃ היינו … דשֵׁיזְבֵיה וכ׳ (not דשיזבין) this is the great God that saved Noah etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 276. Bereshith Rabbah section 33 כמימר שֵׁיזְבֵנִי as if saying, save me. Vayikra Rabbah section 34 יְשֵׁיזֵיב, see חָלַץ; and frequently to be delivered. Targum Jeremiah 7, 10; and elsewhere Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׁתֵּיזֵיב, אִשְׁתְּזֵב to be saved, spared. Targum Genesis 32, 31. Targum Isaiah 20, 6; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 4, 38ᵈ וא׳ כולה and all (the neighborhood) was saved (spared from conflagration); Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 8, 45ᵇ. Vayikra Rabbah section 16 תִּשְׁתֵּיזֵיב מן צנתא mayest thou be saved from cold. Koheleth Rabbah to 11, 1 ולא א׳ גכאי מידי and nothing has been left me (from the shipwreck). the same place (ibid.) ואומתך מִשְׁתֵּזְבָן and thy people shall be released; and frequently ↗ original

שֵׁיזְבָא (the preceding) escape, safety, refuge. Targum Onkelos Numbers 35, 12 (Hebrew text מקלט). Targum Joel 2, 3 (Hebrew text פליטה). Targum Genesis 45, 7; and frequently one that escaped, remnant. Targum Obadiah, Book of 1, 18 (Hebrew text שריד). ↗ original

שֵׁיזָבוּ same, safety, refuge. Targum Psalms 142, 5 (edition Vilna edition שְׁזִיבוּ). the same place (ibid.) 32, 7. Targum 2 Chronicles 14, 12; and frequently ↗ original

שֵׁיזְבִי Shez’bi, an Amora. Yoma 81ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original

שֵׁיזֶבְתָּא feminine = שֵׁיזָבוּ. Targum Joel 3, 5. Targum Obadiah, Book of 1, 17 edition Lagarde edition, see מְשֵׁיזֵבְתָּא.—Kethuboth 111ᵃ, see קְרַן 2. ↗ original

שִׁיזּוּגָא (שְׁזַג) washing, rinsing. Targum Psalms 60, 10 (edition Vilna edition שְׁזוּ׳); 108, 10. ↗ original

שֵׁיזֵיב , see שֵׁיזֵב ↗ original

שִׁיזְפִין (שָׁזַף) Ziziphus Vulgaris, jujubes. Kilayim 1, 4. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 27ᵃ bottom of the page Yoma 81ᵃ ↗ original

שִׁיזְרָה , see שִׁזְרָה ↗ original

שֵׁיזַרְתָּא , see שֵׁזַרְתָּא ↗ original

שִׂיחַ to think, talk, see סוּחַ. ↗ original

שֵׂיחַ thought, talk. Chagigah 5ᵇ (referring to Amos 4, 13) עבד שרבו … מה שֵׂיחוֹ תקנה יש לו is there a remedy (subterfuge) for a slave whose master can tell him what he thinks?; Yalkut Shimoni Amos 542.—5. סִיחָה. ↗ original

שִׂיחַ ² (Biblical Hebrew) plant, tree. — plural שִׂיחִין. Bava Bathra 78ᵇ (play on סיחון, Numbers 21, 28) מקרית צדיקים שנקראו ש׳ from the city of the righteous who are named trees (as Psalms 92, 13; see Sanhedrin 93ᵃ); Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 765. ↗ original

שַׂיָּח (שוח = שָׂחָה) swimmer. — plural שַׂיָּחִין. Tosefta Terumoth 7, 14 חבית של ש׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading שַׁיָּטִין; שועין, correct accordingly) the swimmers’ bottle, see חָבִית; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 8, 45ᵈ bottom of the page חבית ש׳ (insert של). ↗ original

שָׁיֵחַ , see שׁוּח Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original

שִׁיחַ (שׁוּחַ) ditch. Bava Kamma 5, 5, see בּוֹר 2. Eruvin 2, 5; and frequently—plural שִׁיחִים, שִׁיחִין. Bava Bathra 3, 1. Tanchuma Haăz. 1 כעקרב מוטל לארץ ולש׳ like a scorpion that lies on the ground and in ditches. Bava Kamma 50ᵃ חופר בורות ש׳ וכ׳ digger of wells, ditches, and caves; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 6, 5 חופר ש׳, see נְחוּנְיָא; and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁיחַ ² , pit, cavity. Targum Psalms 35, 7, and elsewhere, see שְׁיַיח.—plural שִׁיחִין, שִׁיחַיָּא, שִׁיחַיָּה. Targum Zechariah 14, 10 שִׁיחֵי מלכא (Hebrew text יקבי המלך), see below.—Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Ronni, p. 143ᵃ; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 334 (explained יקבי המלך) עד ש׳ דיפו, see יָפוֹ; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 5. ↗ original

שִׁיחָה (שָׁחַח; see the preceding) low talk, whisper (compare Isaiah 29, 4). Shabbath 152ᵃ (referring to Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 12, 4) שאפי׳ קול שרים ושרות דומות עליו כשִׁי׳ Munich manuscript (edition שירים ושירות כשׁוּ׳, correct accordingly) even the loud songs of singers and songstresses sound to him like a whisper; Yalkut Shimoni Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 989. ↗ original

שִׂיחָה , see סִיחָה ↗ original

שִׁיחוּמֵי , see שְׁחם ↗ original

שיחון , see שִׁיחִין ↗ original

שִׁיחוֹר (שָׁחַר 2) coal. Gittin 19ᵃ; Shabbath 104ᵇ, see שָׁחוֹר I. Shemoth Rabbah section 42 אדם … מרגלית וש׳ וכ׳ if a man has placed before him a jewel and a piece of coal, will he let alone the jewel and take up the coal? Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, 45ᵈ top (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.), see קְטָא I; Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 41ᵃ bottom of the page שידו׳ (correct accordingly). ↗ original

שִׁיחוֹרָא —plural שִׁיחוֹרִין. Targum Isaiah 44, 12 (edition Vilna edition שִׁיחוּ׳; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) שַׁחֲרוֹרִין). the same place (ibid.) 54, 16 (edition Vilna edition שְׁחוֹרִין). ↗ original

שֵׁיחִי , see שֶׁחִי, שִׁחְיָא. ↗ original

שִׁיחַיָּא , see שִׁיחִין ↗ original

שִׁיחְיָיא , see שִׁחְיָא ↗ original

שִׁיחְיָן , see שָׁחוֹן ↗ original

שִׁיחִין Shiḥin, near Sepphoris. Tosefta Shabbath 13 (14), 9; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 16, end, 15ᵈ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 8, 45ᵇ שחין (correct accordingly). Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 69ᵃ bottom of the page; Echah Rabbah to 2, 2. Niddah 61ᵃ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 8, 6; and elsewhere—כְּפַר שִׁ׳ K’far Shiḥin (probably near Shiḥin). Tosefta Bava Metzia 6, 3. Shabbath 120ᵇ; and elsewhere—Yevamoth 122ᵇ כפר שִׁיחַיָּא.—Bereshith Rabbah section 12 נחמיה איש כפר שיחון (some edition סיחון) probably to be read: שיחין, or חופר שיחין?, see נְחוּנְיָא. ↗ original

שִׁיחְלָא (שְׁחַל) slip, fœtus; the eggs of one fecundation. Bava Kamma 55ᵃ הא טעונא חדא בעתא בש׳ והא … בש׳ the one (the wild goose) becomes pregnant with only one egg at one fecundation, and the other with several. Chullin 57ᵇ and the following הני … ש׳ קמא אסירן Munich manuscript (Manuscript Hamburg a. R. 2 דש׳ … אסירן; edition אסירא) as to the eggs of a bird that became ṭ’refah, the first set (the eggs conceived before the accident) is forbidden. the same place (ibid.) 58ᵃ דש׳ קמא משהינן וכ׳ the eggs of the first set are kept, and if the bird becomes pregnant again, they are permitted. the skin of dates. Chagigah 15ᵇ ר"מ … ושדא ש׳ וכ׳ R. Meir (in studying under Elisha b. Abuya) ate the fig, and threw the peel away; (other opinion the kernel; Munich manuscript 2 שילחה, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 30), see תּוּחְלָא. ↗ original

שִׁיחְלַיָּיא , see sub שִׁחְ׳. ↗ original

שיחרור , Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 רבתי (חד מאת׳ 8) וש׳ אפוי, see שְׁחַר 2 ↗ original

שִׁיחְרוּר (שִׁחֲרֵר) setting free, emancipation, liberty. Kiddushin 15ᵇ לש׳ for restoration to liberty, opposite לשעבוד to be the redeemer’s slave. Gittin 1, 6 שטר ש׳ writ of emancipation; and elsewhere—plural שִׁיחְרוּרִין, שִׁחְ׳ writ of emancipation. the same place (ibid.) שִׁחְרוּרי עבדים; the same place (ibid.) 4. the same place (ibid.) 9ᵃ, and the following שִׁי׳; and frequently ↗ original

שִׁיחְרוּרָא Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 19, 20. ↗ original

שִׁיחֲתָא , see שִׁחֲתָא ↗ original

שַׁיָּט (שׁוּט) swimmer. Kelim 2, 3, see חָבִית; Betzah 36ᵇ; Tosefta Terumoth 7, 14, see שַׂיָּח. ↗ original

שַׁיָּטָא Targum Isaiah 25, 11.—Yoma 77ᵇ, see שִׁיּוּטָא; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 6, 50ᵃ top (edition Krot. שיוט׳, correct accordingly; Babylonian edition שיי׳; Munich manuscript שיטא), see סַחְיָיא. ↗ original

שִׁיטָּא = Hebrew שִׁטָּה, acacia. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 25, 10; 13.—Bava Bathra 80ᵇ, see שִׁיטָּה.—plural שִׁיטִּין, שִׁיטַּיָּיא, שִׁטּ׳. Targum Onkelos Exodus the passage cited Targum Isaiah 41, 19; and elsewhere—Shemoth Rabbah section 6; Tanchuma Vaëra 2, see הֲנָיָיה Chaldaic (Aramaic) Bereshith Rabbah section 94 אעין דש׳ הוו וכ׳ (some edition דשִׁטִּים) there were acacia trees in Magdala, but people refrained from using them out of regard for the sanctity of the holy Ark; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 12 דשטים; and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁיטָּא 2 line, system, see שִׁיטְּתָא. ↗ original

שִׁיטָּה (Biblical Hebrew; = שנטה, Egypt. שנט, see Ges. Thes. under the word שנט) acacia. Rosh Hashanah 23ᵃ (as a species of cedar), explained תּוֹרָנִיתָא; Bava Bathra 80ᵇ שיטא (correct accordingly). Rosh Hashanah the passage cited כל ש׳ וש׳ שנטלו וכ׳ the Lord shall cause every acacia tree that the gentiles have taken from Jerusalem to be restored to her. Tanchuma T’rum. 9 כל ארון … ארז של ש׳ בו in every ark (for the Torah scrolls) that Israelites make, they must put shiṭṭah-cedar. the same place (ibid.) ומכולן … הש׳ בלבד and of all these (species of cedars) only the acacia was chosen (for the Tabernacle); and elsewhere—Transferred the holy Ark. Avodah Zarah 24ᵃ; Bereshith Rabbah section 54, see רוּם I Hebrew; Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 12. the same place (ibid.) היו … כלפי ש׳ וכ׳ (Bereshith Rabbah the passage cited הארון) the cows turned their faces towards the Ark, and recited songs.—plural שִׁיטִּים, שִׁטּ׳. Tanchuma the passage cited ומתרפאין בש׳, see שִׁטִּים. the same place (ibid.) אמר … אני מרפא את הש׳ the Lord said, in the future I shall heal (restore) the acacias (referring to Joel 4, 18). Shemoth Rabbah section 35; and frequently; see שִׁטִּים. ↗ original

שִׁיטָּה 2 Shiṭṭah(Biblical Hebrew . Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 1, beginning 48ᶜ חרובי ש׳ וכ׳ carobs of Shiṭṭah and Zalmonah. ↗ original

שִׁיטָּה ² (שטט, compare שִׁרְטֵט) l) row, line. Nega'im 10, 6 וש׳ של שער וכ׳ and a row of hair separating them. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 2, 62ᵈ אשה … ושי׳ של וכ׳ (not שוטה) a bald-headed woman with a row of hair going around from ear to ear. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 4, 41ᶜ top אני ראיתיו … אלא ש׳ אחת וכ׳ I have seen it (the high priest’s mitre) in Rome, and there was engraved on it only in one line, ‘holy unto the Lord’. Tosefta Gittin 9 (7), 11 מלא ש׳ אחת the space of one line (of writing); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 9, 50ᶜ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 10, beginning 17ᶜ. Treatise Sof’rim 12, 8; and frequently—plural שִׁיטִּין, שִׁטִּ׳ (masculine), שִׁיטּוֹת. the same place (ibid.) שִׁיטּוֹתֶיהָ של תורה the division of lines in the Pentateuch. the same place (ibid.) 9 סימן תחלת הש׳ וכ׳ the mark for the beginning of lines (in Haăzinu, Deuteronomy 32) is, Haazinu, Yaʿarof etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra the passage cited מקום שני ש׳ the space of two lines; Tosefta Gittin the passage cited; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) the passage cited Chullin 65ᵃ בשתי תיבות פסיק להו בשני ש׳ וכ׳ written as two separate words, but not divided between two lines; and frequently—2) (in a transferred sense) line of thought, opinion, principle, system. Vayikra Rabbah section 2 אמר ש׳ אחרת offered a second mode (of developing the same idea from two Scripture verses). Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 5, 47ᶜ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 7, 24ᶜ bottom of the page ירדו לה בשִׁיטַּת וכ׳ they entered into (drew an analogy from) the principle laid down in the law concerning transactions of children. Eruvin 99ᵃ, and elsewhere מוחלפת הש׳, see חָלַף; (Rashi: R. J. is at variance with his own principle, see שִׁיטְּתָא). Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 7, beginning 34ᵃ בשיטת ר׳ מאיר following up R. Meir’s principle. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 5, 19ᵃ top [read:] בשִׁיטָּתָן השיבהו בשִׁיטַּתְכֶן דאתון אמרין וכ׳ he (R. El.) argued against them by entering into their opinion (without adopting it for himself); according to your principle, when you say etc.; and frequently (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) diction, see שִׁיטְּתָא).—plural שִׁיטִּין. Bamidbar Rabbah section 19⁹ (referring to המרים, Numbers 20, 10) ש׳ הרבה יש בו there are several ways of interpreting that word; and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁיטְוָתָא , see שִׁיטָּתָא ↗ original

שיטנו , Tanchuma Shof’ṭim edition Buber edition 3, see שֶׁטֶר ↗ original

שִׁיטְפ־ , see שֶׁטֶף, שִׁטְפָא. ↗ original

שִׁיטְּתָא form) = Hebrew שִׁיטָּה 3, row, line, stripe. Zevachim 12ᵇ כולהו בחדא ש׳ וכ׳ they all stood in one line (were equal in rank and united).—plural שִׁיטַּיָּא, שִׁיטַּיָּה, שִׁטַּ׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 6, 37ᵃ bottom of the page, see קוּלְסִיתָא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 5, 46ᵈ bottom of the page והוה … ביני ש׳ וכ׳ and R. Ḥ. wrote between the lines; and elsewhere opinion, principle, system. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᵃ bottom of the page ר׳ יודן … אמר בשיטה אוחרי R. J. … expressed the idea in a different way; the same place (ibid.) ר׳ יודן … ש׳ אוחרי. Kethuboth 17ᵃ שִׁיטָּתֵיה לסבא (אהניא ליה) his line of conduct (habit of participating in wedding ceremonies) benefited the old man (see שׁוֹטִיתָא). Bava Metzia 69ᵃ לאו … אלא שִׁיטָּה איתמר it was not quoted as a halakhah, but as a line of opinions (all of equal rank). Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 8, beginning 26ᵃ מחלפא שִׁיטָּתֵיה וכ׳ Rabbenu Shimshon b. Laḳish’s principle is at variance with itself: here he says …, and there he says etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 4, 18ᵈ bottom of the page, and the following; and frequently—Nazir 32ᵇ ואוקמיה בשִׁיטָּתַיְיהוּ, see שְׁטַף.—plural שִׁיטִּין, שִׁטִּין. Ruth Rabbah to 2, 14 פתר בה שית ש׳ interpreted it in six ways. Vayikra Rabbah section 2 אמר תרתין ש׳ offered two modes of developing the same idea, see שִׁיטָּה 3. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᵃ; and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁיטָּתָא (compare שׁוֹטִיתָא) posts, legs of a bedstead. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 4, end, 55ᶜ ארבעתי ארזי … שִׁיטָּתֵיה דערסא (not דערסי; probably to be read: שִׁיטָתָה) the four cedars (in your dream) mean the four posts of the bed; Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 (חד כות׳ 2) שולטתא. the same place (ibid.) ארבעה שיקמין … שִׁיטְוָתָא וכ׳ the four sycamore trees mean the four legs of the bed; Yerushalmi (prefix) the passage cited כורעתא. ↗ original

שְׁיָיא = שְׁיַח to sink down. Imper. שְׁיֵיא. Shabbath 67ᵃ, see שׁוּחַ I Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original

שַׁיָּיא Shayya (probably abbreviated or abbreviation of אוֹשַׁעְיָא). Zevachim 34ᵇ (Manuscript Rome 1 שישא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 9). Shabbath 66ᵃ רבא בר שָׁאיָיא Oxford manuscript (Munich manuscript שיאה, edition שירא; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 5). ↗ original

שַׁיָּיטָא , see שַׁיָּטָא ↗ original

שְׁיָיאפָא , see שַׁיְפָא ↗ original

שָׁיֵיב , see שְׁאֵב ↗ original

שַׁיְידָן (denominative of שֵׁד, שֵׁיד) demon-like, ferocious. Bereshith Rabbah section 65 (explained איש שעיר, Genesis 27, 11) גבר ש׳ (edition Vilna edition שידין, correct accordingly) a demon-like man (see שָׂעִיר); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 114. ↗ original

שִׁיּיוֹל , see שְׁיוֹל ↗ original

שִׁיּיוּר , see שִׁיּוּר, שִׁיּוּרָא. ↗ original

שְׁיַיח = Hebrew שִׁיחַ, pit. Targum Psalms 35, 7 (edition Vilna edition שְׁיַח). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 9, 19 (edition Vienna edition שִׁיַּיח). Targum Psalms 57, 7 (edition Vilna edition שִׁיחָא); and elsewhere—plural שְׁיָיהָן. the same place (ibid.) 119, 85 manuscript, see שְׁוָוחָא. ↗ original

שַׁיָּיט , see שַׁיָּט, שַׁיָּטָא. ↗ original

שָׁיֵיךְ (שׁוּךְ) connected, attached, related belonging to. Bava Kamma 92ᵇ ש׳ ואזיל וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition מטייל) the bad palm tree belongs to and goes etc., see שְׂרָכָא. Avodah Zarah 72ᵇ כולי חמרא … ש׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition גריר) all the wine in the cask is connected with that in the siphon, see גְּרַר. Bava Metzia 98ᵇ שכירה … מֵישַׁךְ שייכא דהא וכ׳ (not שייכי, see Rashi) shall we say, the action of hiring is connected with that of lending, because in both cases there is the same responsibility for theft and loss (and therefore the act of hiring after lending is only a continuation of, and has had its beginning simultaneously with the lending)?, opposite לחודה קיימא. the same place (ibid.) שכרה … ודאי לא ש׳ או דילמא כיון דש׳ וכ׳ if he hired the animal to be used in the presence of the owner, and then borrowed it without him, shall we say, lending is surely not connected with hiring (since the laws of responsibility are different), or shall we say, because they are related in some respects, they may be considered entirely related (so that the two acts may be treated as of the same date)? Bava Kamma 15ᵃ נכרי משום דלא ש׳ במצות the gentile (is disqualified as witness), because he has no relation to the Jewish religious duties; אבל עבד דש׳ במצות וכ׳ but the slave (of a Jew) who has some relation to religious duties (being bound to observe certain religious laws) etc. Kiddushin 42ᵃ אם אינו ענין להיכא דש׳ וכ׳ if the text has no application to where it belongs (to the subject under consideration), apply it to where it does not belong (see עִנְיָן). Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 39ᵈ bottom of the page עז דלא ש׳ בה גיזה a goat to which the law concerning the first-shorn wool does not apply; and frequently—plural שָׁיְיכֵי. Gittin 28ᵇ במילתא דלא ש׳ בה וכ׳ in a thing in which they are not interested (and may be apt to boast of their feats): but in a thing in which they are interested, they are likely to cling to their lies. ↗ original

שַׁיְיכָא (the preceding) [attachment,] knob in the wine cask with a small orifice made for testing the flavor, or to prevent bursting, bung. Avodah Zarah 69ᵇ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) שיכא, variant reading שֵׁיבָא frequently שְׁאֵב; Tosafoth the passage cited שִׁיבָּא chip, plug with which the orifice is stopped). ↗ original

שְׁיֵיל , see שְׁאַל ↗ original

שָׁיֵים , see שׁוּם I Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original

שְׁיָין (compare אַשְׁיָאן) Sh’yan, an Amora. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 3, 65ᵈ top; (Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 7 אשיין). Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 1, 19ᵃ top שין; the same place (ibid.) 19ᵇ top שיין. ↗ original

שְׁיַיע , see שְׁיַע ↗ original

שַׁיְיפָא , see שַׁיְפָא ↗ original

שַׁיְיצָא , see שֵׁיצָא ↗ original

שִׁיֵּיר , see שָׁאַר, שְׁאַר. ↗ original

שְׁיָיר (the preceding) remnant, relic, survival. Bamidbar Rabbah section 19³² (referring to Deuteronomy 3, 11) וכאן עושה אותו ש׳ (edition Vilna edition a. other שירים) and here he is represented as a survival.—plural שְׁיָירִים, שְׁיָרִים; du. שִׁירַיִים, שִׁירַיִם. Menachoth 2, 1 הקומץ … שְׁיָרֶיהָ וכ׳ if a priest takes a handful of the meal-offering with the intention of eating its remnants … the next day. Ruth Rabbah to 1, 5 (referring to ותשאר, the same place (ibid.)) נעשית שְׁיָרֵי שירים she became like the remnants of remnants (of the meal-offering); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 600 נעשית שירים. Eruvin 2, 5, and elsewhere שבעים אמה וש׳ seventy cubits and a balance (less than eighty); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 20ᵇ שריים (correct accordingly). Zevachim 52ᵃ שירי חטאת the remaining blood of the sin offering after sprinkling (Leviticus 4, 34, and elsewhere). the same place (ibid.) ש׳ אין מעכבים the pouring out of the remaining blood at the bottom of the altar is not indispensable for the efficacy of the sacrifice (see עָכַב); Meïl. 9ᵃ ש׳ מעכבים it is indispensable; and frequently—Menachoth 9, 8 סמיכה שירי מצוה the laying of hands on the victim is the last of the commendable acts, i.e. is not indispensable. the same place (ibid.) 93ᵇ אם עשאה לסמיכה ש׳ מצוה if he treated the laying on of hands as dispensable (omitted it); Sifra Vayikra, N’dabah, Parah 3, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 4; Nega'im 14, 10; and elsewhere—Megillah 15ᵇ (referring to לשאר, Isaiah 28, 5) למי שמשים עצמו כש׳ for him that considers himself like leavings (is modest); Rosh Hashanah 16ᵇ and the following (referring to לשארית, Micah 7, 18).—שְׁיָירוֹת, Bamidbar Rabbah section 19²¹ edition Vilna edition, see שִׁיּוּר. ↗ original

שְׁיָירָא 1 Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 28, 54 שְׁיָיר construct state (edition Vienna edition שָׁיֵיר, correct accordingly). Targum I Chronicles 11, 8 (edition Rahmer שִׁיּוּר); and elsewhere—plural שְׁיָירַיָּה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 2, 22ᶜ הני ש׳ הוו (not היא) those (not explicitly mentioned) are left over (are implied, see שִׁיּוּר). ↗ original

שְׁיָירָא (שור; Biblical Hebrew;, Ezekiel 27, 25) caravan. Tosefta Bava Metzia 7, 13 ש׳ שהיתה מהלכת וכ׳ if a caravan travels in the desert, and a band attacks and robs it etc.; Bava Kamma 116ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 1, end, 19ᵈ אהלים שבש׳ וכ׳ tents put up by a caravan require no ‘Erub (see עֵירוּב), opposite שבמחנה in a camp; and frequently—plural שְׁיָירוֹת. Bava Metzia 18ᵃ, see מָצָא; and frequently—Chaldaic, see שְׁיַירְתָּא. ↗ original

שְׁיָירָה (see שְׁאֵר) blood-relations, parents. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 4, 65ᵈ bottom of the page החיה והש׳ וכ׳ the midwife (may testify as to the first born of twins), the parents (as to the paternity of a foundling) etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 2, 13ᵈ bottom of the page; the same place (ibid.) 14ᵃ top שיירא. ↗ original

שיירי , Avodah Zarah 70ᵃ bottom of the page Munich manuscript, see מְשַׁוְּורָא ↗ original

שְׁיַירְתָּא , = Hebrew שְׁיָירָה I. Targum Onkelos Genesis 37, 25 (edition Berlin edition a. other שְׁיָרַת). Targum Isaiah 60, 6 (Hebrew text שפעת).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 3, 62ᵃ top שיירתה הוות עברה a caravan passed by; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, 4ᵃ bottom of the page שידתא הוות עבדה (correct accordingly). Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 4, beginning 45ᶜ סלקית בשיירא (not לש׳) I went up with a caravan (to Resh Laḳish’s place); and elsewhere—plural שְׁיָירָתָא, שְׁיָרָ׳. Targum Isaiah 21, 13.—Bava Metzia 18ᵇ אע"ג דשכיחן ש׳ (not דשכיחין) although caravans frequently pass there. the same place (ibid.) שכיחא שיירות (read with Manuscript Rome שכיחן שיירתא). ↗ original

שַׁיִישׁ , see שַׁיִשׁ, שַׁיְשָׁא. ↗ original

שַׁיְכָא , see שַׁיְיכָא ↗ original

שִׁיכְבָּא , see שִׁכְבָּא ↗ original

שִׂיכּוּי , see סִיכּוּי ↗ original

שִׂיכּוּלָא , see סִיכּוּלָא ↗ original

שִׁיכּוּן (שָׁכַן; see Delitzsch, Friedrich Assyr. Handw. under the word שכן) establishment, realization, execution; use of the phrase כן עשה. Bereshith Rabbah section 31, end (referring to Genesis 6, 22) זה ש׳ לעשיית התיבה this refers to the carrying out of the command to make the ark; the same place (ibid.) section 32 (referring to the same place (ibid.) 7, 5 ויעש … ככל וכ׳) זה ש׳ לכינוס בהמה this refers to the execution of the command to bring in the beasts; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 55; 56 שכיון (correct accordingly). Bereshith Rabbah section 34 (referring to Genesis 8, 20 a. 9, 1) זה ש׳ לזכות הקרבנות (not שיכן בזכות) this is an establishment (standard passage, compare בנין אב, under the word אָב) of the reward of sacrifices. ↗ original

שִׁיכּוֹר , see שִׁכּוֹר ↗ original

שִׁיכְחָה , see שִׁכְחָה ↗ original

שִׂיכְלָא , see סִכְלָא ↗ original

שִׁיכְלוּל (שִׁכְלֵל) finishing, completion. Bereshith Rabbah section 1 לבריאה … ולש׳ הארץ קדמה as regards creation (planning) the heavens were first (Genesis 1, 1); as regards completion, the earth came first (the same place (ibid.) 2, ; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 3; Vayikra Rabbah section 36; Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 77ᵈ top of the page ↗ original

שִׁיכלוּלָא same. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 7, 11. the same place (ibid.) 22, 13; and elsewhere—2) perfection, beauty. — plural שִׁיכְלוּלִין, שִׁכְ׳. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Leviticus 22, 27, Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Leviticus 22, 27 (some edition שַׁכְ׳).—3) foundation.— plural as ab. Targum 2 Samuel 22, 8 שַׁכְ׳ (Hebrew text מוסדות). ↗ original

שִׂיכְלַי a species of birds classified under s’lav (see סְלָיו); quails (?). Yoma 75ᵇ edition, a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (Munich manuscript שובלי; Oxford manuscript סיכלי); Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 260 שיבלי, שבלי; see קִיבְלַי. ↗ original

שִׁיכְלֵל , see שִׁכְלֵל ↗ original

שִׁיכְמִי (denominative of שְׁכֶם) shikhmi, by-name of a certain class of Pharisees. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 14ᵇ bottom of the page פרוש ש׳, explained טעין מצוותא וכ׳ who carries religious exercises on his shoulder; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 5, 20ᶜ bottom of the page; Babylonian Sotah 22ᵇ, explained זה העושה מעשה שכם he who acts like Shechem (who underwent circumcision from an unholy motive). ↗ original

שִׁיכְנָא , see שְׁכֵינָא, a. שְׁכִינָא. ↗ original

שִׁיכְרָא , see sub שִׁכְ׳, שִׁכָּ׳. ↗ original

שיכשוך , see שַׁכְשֵׁךְ ↗ original

שִׁיכְשֵׁךְ , see שִׁכְשֵׁךְ ↗ original

שְׁיֵל , see שְׁאֵל ↗ original

שִׁילָא Shila, name of several Amoraim. Bava Bathra 172ᵃ רבא בר רב ש׳ (רבה) (edition Pesachim שייא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 10). Sanhedrin 98ᵇ דבי רבי ש׳ those of the house (or school) of R. Sh.—Niddah 26ᵃ ש׳ איש כפר תמרתא.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 2, 5ᵃ top רבי ש׳ דינוה; Ruth Rabbah to 2, 19, and elsewhere, see נָוֶה 3.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 8, beginning 26ᵃ ר׳ ש׳ בר בינא; Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 2, 44ᵇ בינה שילוח (probably to be read: ש׳ בר בינא).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Makkoth 2, 31ᵈ bottom of the page ר׳ שִׁילֹה.—5. Friedman M’bo, p. 124ᵇ.—Gittin 69ᵃ (in a charm formula) אנא פפי ש׳ בר סומקי.—Bereshith Rabbah section 64, beginning, see next word ↗ original

שִׁילֹה (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a place Shilo, the seat of the Tabernacle after the conquest. Megillah 16ᵇ בכה על משכן ש׳ וכ׳ he (Benjamin) wept over the Tabernacle of Shiloh, which was to be in the dominion of Joseph etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 152. Makkoth 12ᵃ והוא … של ש׳ he (Joab) took hold of the altar of Shiloh, opposite to בית עולמים. Zevachim 61ᵇ; and frequently—Bava Bathra 75ᵇ אלף ושני ש׳ וכ׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) שִׁילֵי plural; Munich manuscript אלף שתישל, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) an area of one thousand and two times that of Shiloh built up with palaces (see טִיטְרַפְלִיּוֹת); [Rashb. שיל"ה the numerical value of Shiloh = 345]. (interchanging with שילא) Shilo, (Shila), name of a fictitious town, see יוֹחָנָא I. Bereshith Rabbah section 40, beginning שילו; the same place (ibid.) section 25, end; the same place (ibid.) section 64, beginning שילא; Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 28 שילה; Ruth Rabbah to 1, 1 שילא. proper noun of a male person Shilo, homiletical name of the King Messiah. Bereshith Rabbah section 98 (referring to Genesis 49, 10) עד … ש׳ זה מלך וכ׳ ‘until Sh. comes’, this means the King Messiah. Sanhedrin 98ᵇ ש׳ שמו his (the Messiah’s) name will be Shiloh.—5. the preceding ↗ original

שִׁילְהֵי , see שִׁלְהֵי ↗ original

שִׁילְהַת , see שִׁלְיַית ↗ original

שִׁילוֹ , see שִׁילֹה.—[Bava Bathra 172ᵃ, see שִׁילִי.] ↗ original

שִׁילּוּחַ sending away, letting go. Sotah 9ᵃ (referring to Isaiah 27, 8) אין הקב"ה … עד שעת שִׁילּוּחָהּ the Lord does not visit her sins upon a nation until the time comes to send her away (into captivity); אין הקב"ה … שִׁילּוּחוֹ the Lord does not punish a king, until the time comes to drive him away (depose him). Chullin 12, 1, and frequently ש׳ הקן, see קֵן. the same place (ibid.) 140ᵃ לש׳ with regard to the duty of letting the mother bird go. Sifra M’tsorʿa, Nega'im, Parah 1 ש׳ ציפרים letting the birds (of the leper’s sacrifice) fly (Leviticus 14, 7). Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 1, 2ᵇ פרשת ש׳ טמאין the section treating of the sending out of the camp of the unclean (Numbers 5, 1 and the following). Bamidbar Rabbah section 7¹⁰ נתחייבו ש׳ וכ׳ they were condemned to be sent out of the camp, this means exile. Bereshith Rabbah section 61 שטר ש׳ a document referring to the sending away of children with gifts (Genesis 25, 6); and frequently—plural שִׁילּוּחִים, שִׁילּוּחִין, שִׁלּ׳. Chullin the passage cited קודם שִׁלּוּחֶיהָ before sending her off. Sanhedrin 102ᵃ (referring to Micah 1, 14) מי … תתנו ש׳ לבניו he who slew the Philistine (Goliath) and gave you Gath as a possession:—will you give a dismissal to his descendants (will you abandon the house of David)?—Esp. שִׁילּוּחִין, שִׁלּ׳ banishment, exile. Bereshith Rabbah section 19 דנתי אותו בש׳ I punished him with banishment (from Eden); Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Abbahu 1); and elsewhere (compare מִשְׁלַחַת) letting loose, visitation. Yevamoth 114ᵇ ש׳ נחשים וכ׳ a plague of serpents and scorpions.—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 2, 44ᵇ בינה שילוח, see שִׁילָא.] ↗ original

שִׁילוֹחַ the pool of Siloah near Jerusalem. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, beginning 65ᵃ אפי׳ טובל במי ש׳ וכ׳ even if he were to bathe in the waters of Sh. or in primeval waters. ↗ original

שִׁילוֹחַ ² Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 2, 5 (edition Vienna edition שִׁילוּח). Targum Isaiah 8, 6 (edition Vilna edition שִׁלוֹ׳). Targum I Kings 1, 33; 38 (Hebrew text גיחון).—Sanhedrin 94ᵇ (frequently Targum Isaiah the passage cited). ↗ original

שִׁילּוּם compensation, payment, punishment. — plural שִׁילּוּמִים, שִׁלּ׳. Vayikra Rabbah section 17 (referring to Psalms 73, 3 שלום וכ׳) בש׳ של רשעים אראה I want to see the punishment of the wicked. ↗ original

שִׁילוֹנִי of Shiloh (see שִׁילֹה). Bereshith Rabbah section 73 אחיה הש׳; Taanith 20ᵃ; Ruth Rabbah to 4, 8; and frequently ↗ original

שִׁילְחָא , see שִׁלְחָא ↗ original

שִׁילטוֹן , see שִׁלְטוֹן ↗ original

שִׁילִי Shili, near Pumbeditha; see הִינִי. Gittin 80ᵃ; Bava Bathra 172ᵃ (Manuscript Hamburg שילו); Yevamoth 116ᵃ. Betzah 25ᵇ. Bava Metzia 72ᵇ; and elsewhere—[שילי, Bava Bathra 75ᵇ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see שִׁילֹה.] ↗ original

שִׁילְיָא , see sub שִׁלְ׳. ↗ original

שֵׁילִין (= שלילין; שָׁלַל I; compare שַׁלְשֶׁלֶת) reins. Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 4, 7 הש׳ והפגר וכ׳ the reins, the bit, and the bridle. ↗ original

שׁילִינְיָא , see שְׁלַנְיָא ↗ original

שִׁילְיְתָא , see שִׁלְיְתָא ↗ original

שִׁילְפּוּחָא (see שַׁלְפּוּחִית) bladder of a fish. Avodah Zarah 40ᵇ ↗ original

שִׁילְשׁוּל , see שִׁלְשׁוּל ↗ original

שִׁילַת Shilath. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 4, 75ᵃ bottom of the page שמואל בר ש׳ (רב). Bava Bathra 8ᵇ. Eruvin 28ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original

שִׂים , see שׂוּם ↗ original

שִׁימָּאָה (שמם; compare אַשְׁמַאי) waste, ruined. — plural שִׁימָּאֵי, שִׁמָּ׳. Menachoth 33ᵇ פיתחי ש׳ ‘waste doors’, explained the same place (ibid.) דלית להו תקרה over which there is no ceiling (upper beam); (other opinion) דלית להו שקופי which have no posts; Eruvin 11ᵃ (edition Soncino שמ׳; Tosafoth to Kiddushin 32ᵇ שמ׳). ↗ original

שִׂימָה (שׂוּם) putting, placing, use of the root שׂוּם. Kethuboth 46ᵃ אתיא ש׳ ש׳ we draw an analogy between sum (Exodus 22, 24) and sum (Deuteronomy 22, 14); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, 28ᶜ שׂוּמָה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 4, 48ᵃ אפילו ש׳ מעכבת even where the Biblical text has the verb sum (‘thou shalt put’), it is an act indispensable to legality. Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 150 שִׂימַת עין, see הֲשָׂמָה. treasure, see סִימָה. ↗ original

שִׁימּוּט (שָׁמַט) drawing out, unsheathing. Sifré Deuteronomy 192 ש׳ סייפים the drawing of swords. ↗ original

שִׁימּוּעַ (שָׁמַע) announcement. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 1, beginning 45ᵈ ש׳ שקלים וכ׳ the announcement concerning the contributions for the Temple (Sh’kalim) and concerning mixed seeds (see שָׁמַע Hif'il). ↗ original

שִׁימּוּר (שָׁמַר) guarding, care. Bava Kamma 15ᵃ לאו בחזקת ש׳ וכ׳ are not presumed to be guarded against, i.e. need special guarding (Exodus 21, 29); the same place (ibid.) בחזקת ש׳ וכ׳ are presumed to be safe (the owner is not bound to guard them). Nedarim 37ᵃ שכר ש׳ the teacher is paid for guarding the pupils (and not for the teaching itself). the same place (ibid.) גדול בר ש׳ הוא does an adult need guarding? Koheleth Rabbah to 5, 10 צריך ש׳ וכ׳ must be watched against weasels etc.; and frequently—plural שִׁימּוּרִים, שִׁמּ׳ (Biblical Hebrew שִׁמֻּרִים); ליל ש׳ a night of watching. Pesachim 109ᵇ; Rosh Hashanah 11ᵇ, and elsewhere, see שָׁמַר.—2) (see שְׁמָרִים) clearing wine, straining. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 20, beginning 17ᶜ הותר מכלל ש׳ is permitted on the Holy Day as far as straining is concerned; Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 1, 60ᵈ bottom of the page ↗ original

שִׁימּוּשׁ (שָׁמַשׁ) ministration, attendance. Berachoth 7ᵇ שִׁמּוּשָׁהּ, see לִימּוּד. Avoth Chaldaic (Aramaic) 6 ש׳ חכמים attendance of pupils on scholars. Bamidbar Rabbah section 3¹ שלא בחר … בשִׁימּוּשׁוֹ וכ׳ of all the tribes the Lord did not choose any to stand in his service but the sons of Levi. Bereshith Rabbah section 87 היה שִׁמּוּשׁוֹ ערב לרבו his ministration was pleasing to his master; and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁימּוּשָׁא , service, office. Targum Genesis 40, 13; 41, 13 (Hebrew text כַּן). Targum Isaiah 22, 19 (Hebrew text מעמד).—Esp. Temple service. Targum Exodus 31, 10 (Hebrew text שרד). Targum Numbers 4, 12 (Hebrew text שרת); and frequently ↗ original

שִׁימִי Shimi, name of several Amoraim. Menachoth 29ᵃ, and frequently ש׳ בר חייא. the same place (ibid.) ש׳ את art thou Shimi (and askest such a question)?; the same place (ibid.) 110ᵃ. Temurah 28ᵃ ש׳ בר אשי; and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁימְצָא , sub שִׁמְ׳. ↗ original

שַׁיִן (Biblical Hebrew) urine. — plural שֵׁינִים. Treatise Sof’rim 9, 8 (referring to 2 Kings 18, 27 a. Isaiah 36, 12) כתיב שֵׁינֵיהֶם וכ׳ it is written shenehem, and it is read meme raglehem (the water of their feet); Megillah 25ᵇ שֵׁנֵיהֶם. ↗ original

שְׁיָן , see שְׁיָין ↗ original

שי"ן Shin, Sin, name of the twenty-first letter of the alphabet. Shabbath 104ᵃ. Menachoth 35ᵃ, and elsewhere ש׳ של תפלין the Shin embossed on the capsule of the T’fillin of the head. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 9, see שִׂישָׂה; and frequently—Megillah 25ᵇ שין תיו euphem. for שׁת fundament. the same place (ibid.) גימ"ל ושי"ן, see גימ"ל. ↗ original

שִׁינּ־ , see שֵׁן, שִׁנָּא. ↗ original

*שֵׁינָא 1 = Hebrew שַׁיִן, urine, urinating. Berachoth 62ᵇ Musafia (edition שֵׁינָה sleep). ↗ original

שֵׁינָא 2 sleep, see שֵׁינְתָא. ↗ original

שִׁינְדְּפִין (= שן דפיל) ivory. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 50, 1, Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 50, 1 (not שִׁינְדָּ׳). ↗ original

שֵׁינָה sleep. Berachoth 3ᵇ מעולם לא עבר … בש׳ midnight never found me asleep. the same place (ibid.) 62ᵇ ש׳ בעמוד וכ׳ sleep at morning dawn (see שֵׁינָא I). Megillah 15ᵇ שְׁנַת וכ׳, see נָדַד. Sukkah 26ᵃ שֵׁינַת, see עַרְאַי. the same place (ibid.) במוסר שֵׁינָתוֹ וכ׳ when he gives his sleep in charge of others (gives orders to wake him up). Yoma 1, 4 המאכל מביא את הש׳ eating causes sleepiness. Tamid 28ᵃ אונס ש׳ being overcome by sleep. Sanhedrin 93ᵇ שהיו אונסין … ומן הש׳ they forced themselves not to laugh, talk, or fall asleep. Kiddushin 49ᵇ עשרה ש׳ וכ׳ ten measures of sleep have come down to the world, nine of which the slaves have taken etc.; and frequently ↗ original

שִׁינּוּי (שָׁנָה) change. Bereshith Rabbah section 44 ש׳ השם change of name; ש׳ מקום change of residence. Shabbath 114ᵃ top ש׳ בגדים change of dress (for the Sabbath, for prayer etc.). Kethuboth 110ᵇ, and elsewhere ש׳ וסת, see וֶסֶת; and frequently—Esp. (law) change of form (and name) effected on an illegitimately obtained object, by which the present possessor is privileged to retain the object and pay its value. Bava Kamma 65ᵇ נעשה ש׳ בידו וקנאו the change (from calf to ox) happened while the animal was in his possession, and he has obtained ownership. the same place (ibid.) וניקנינהו בש׳ השם may he not have obtained the ownership of it through the change of name? the same place (ibid.) ש׳ במקומו עומד (not עומדת) the change stands in its (the original’s) place, i.e. the change of form or name of an object does not affect its legal status; the same place (ibid.) 93ᵇ; the same place (ibid.) 68ᵃ ש׳ במקומה עומד. the same place (ibid.) 66ᵇ ש׳ מעשה (= ש׳ ע"י מעשה) a change brought about by human action. the same place (ibid.) 68ᵃ, and frequently ש׳ רשות change of possession (by transfer of the object to a third person). the same place (ibid.) 93ᵇ ש׳ דרבנן a change which gives the right of ownership by rabbinical ordinance, i.e. ש׳ החוזר לברייתו (the same place (ibid.) 67ᵃ) a change (of name) which can be undone by restoring the object to its original condition; ש׳ דאורייתא a change which gives the right of ownership by Biblical law, i.e. a change which cannot be undone; and frequently—Menachoth 43ᵃ וסימנך ש׳ שקר ש׳ אמת and the mnemonical word (to remember which change proves the color to be genuine (תכלת), and which proves it to be adulterated) is ‘a false change’ (one who changes his word for evil is a bad man), ‘a true change’ (one who changes his word to do better than he has promised).—Sifra Vayikra, Ḥob., Chaldaic (Aramaic) 19, Parah 11; Meïl. 18ᵃ, see שִׁיקּוּר I.—plural שִׁינּוּיִים, שִׁינּוּיִין. Bava Kamma 65ᵇ (referring to גם, Deuteronomy 23, 19) לרבות שִׁינּוּיֵיהֶם this serves to include in the prohibition these objects even when they have been changed in form; Temurah 30ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁינּוּיָא change, strangeness. Targum Isaiah 28, 11. answer, reply, solution. Shabbath 3ᵇ דמשני לך ש׳ דלאו ש׳ הוא he might give thee an answer which is no answer. Kethuboth 98ᵇ ש׳ דשנינן ש׳ הוא the solution which we have offered is the real solution; Pesachim 12ᵇ; and elsewhere—plural שִׁינּוּיֵי, שִׁנּ׳. Niddah 26ᵃ ומי איתנהו להני ש׳ have these replies any reality?, i.e. these fictitious cases can never occur. Yevamoth 91ᵇ; Bava Bathra 135ᵃ ואש׳ ניקום ונסמוך can we stand and lean on harmonizing arguments (for legal decisions)? ↗ original

שִׁינּוּן (שָׁנַן) diligent teaching, memorizing. Sifré Deuteronomy 34 (referring to Deuteronomy 6, 7) אלו בש׳ וכ׳ these words must be memorized (by the children), but the passages (Exodus 13, 1—10; 11—16) need not be memorized; the same place (ibid.) אינו דין שיהו בש׳ is it not a logical conclusion that they must be memorized?; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 841. ↗ original

שִׁינּוּקָא (שְׁנַק) strangulation; in a transferred sense anguish. Targum Job 7, 15 manuscript (edition שר׳). Targum Proverbs 1, 27 (edition Vilna edition שִׁנוֹ׳; Hebrew text צוקה). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 21, 15, and the following; Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 20, 10, see סוּדָרָא; and elsewhere—plural שִׁינּוּקִין, שִׁנּ׳. Targum Psalms 25, 17 שִׁינּוּקַי manuscript (edition קִי …, קֵי …, correct accordingly). ↗ original

שינותא , see שׁוּנִּיתָא ↗ original

שֵׁינִי , see שֵׁנִי ↗ original

שִׁינְנָא (שְׁנַן) keen scholar; [other opinion: man with long teeth]. Chagigah 15ᵇ; Berachoth 36ᵃ; Eruvin 54ᵃ, and elsewhere (applied to R. Judah). edge, blade, see שְׁנָנָא. ↗ original

שינפא , see סונבא ↗ original

שִׁינְצָא , see שִׁנְצָא ↗ original

שִׁינָּרָא , see שׁוּנָּרָא ↗ original

שֵׁינְתָא = Hebrew שֵׁינָה, sleep. Targum Genesis 15, 12. Targum Job 4, 13. Targum I Samuel 26, 12; and frequently—Eruvin 65ᵃ מסר שִׁינְתֵיה לשמעיה gave his sleep in charge of his servant, see שִׁינָה. the same place (ibid.) לא איברי … לש׳ the night is made for sleep. Berachoth 4ᵃ לאתעוריה משינתיה Munich manuscript (edition לאתעורי משִׁנְתֵיה) in order to be waked up from his sleep. Bava Metzia 83ᵇ סמא דש׳ a narcotic drink; and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁיסּוּעַ (שָׁסַע) splitting, rending. Zevachim 65ᵇ אין ש׳ אלא ביד Munich manuscript (edition שיסע) the rending of the sacrificial bird must be done with the hand; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 447. the same place (ibid.); Sifra Vayikra, N’dab., Parah 7, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 9 (referring to Leviticus 1, 17) אותו בש׳ … בש׳ it (the bird) must be rent, but the burnt-offering of cattle must not; and elsewhere—[plural שִׁיסּוּעִים. Sifra Sh’mini, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 5, Parah 4, see שָׁסַע.] ↗ original

שִׁיסְקֵי plums. Bava Metzia 60ᵃ אנא … ש׳ (Alfasi manuscript שויסקי; Asheri שוסקי) I distribute nuts (among the children of my customers), do thou distribute plums (to attract them); Bava Bathra 21ᵇ שיס׳ Munich manuscript (edition שיוסקי; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 40). ↗ original

שִׁיסְּרָאָה = שִׁיתְסְרָאָה, see שִׁיתָּא ↗ original

שִׁיסְתָּג , see שׁוּסְתָּג ↗ original

שִׁיעַ to be smooth, see שׁוּעַ. ↗ original

שְׁיַע (the preceding) plaster, cement, sealing clay. Targum Onkelos Numbers 19, 15 מגופת שְׁ׳ edition Berlin edition (other edition שִׁ׳, edition Vienna edition שְׁיִיעַ; Hebrew text צמיד פתיל); Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) the same place (ibid.) 9 שייע. Targum Genesis 11, 3 (Hebrew text חמר). Targum Ezekiel 13, 12 (Hebrew text טיח); and frequently—Shabbath 66ᵇ ש׳ דדנא (Munich manuscript שִׁיעֲתָא) the sealing clay of a wine vessel. ↗ original

שִׁיעְבֵּד , see sub שִׁעְבּ׳. ↗ original

שִׁיעוּר (שָׁעַר) proportion, standard, definite quantity or size, limit. Peah 1, 1 אלו … שאין להם ש׳ for the following things there is no definite proportion or quantity prescribed. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 15ᵃ bottom of the page אין להם ש׳ לא למעלן וכ׳ they have no limits set either of a maximum or of a mininum. Challah 1, 7 אם אין … כש׳ if either portion is not of the legal size (to require the separation of the priest’s share). the same place (ibid.) 4, 8 של אור יש לה ש׳ וכ׳ for that portion of Ḥallah which is to be burnt there is a legal quantity (a minimum) etc. the same place (ibid.) של אור אין לה ש׳ וכ׳ for that which is to be burnt there is no minimum prescribed, but there is one for that which is to be given to the priest. Niddah 26ᵃ ש׳ שופר the legal length of a shofar. the same place (ibid.) חמשה שִׁיעוּרָן טפח for five things the legal minimum size is a handbreadth. Yoma 73ᵇ, and frequently חצי ש׳ half (less than) the legal quantity; and very frequently—plural שׁיעוּרִים, שִׁיעוּרִין, שִׁע׳. the same place (ibid.) 80ᵃ כל הש׳ כולן בכזית וכ׳ all legal standards (for eatables in ritual law) are the size of an olive, except etc. the same place (ibid.), and elsewhere ש׳ ועונשין הלכה וכ׳ standard measures and penalties are fixed by tradition, explained ש׳ של עונשין the minima required for punishment. Shabbath 7, 4 מפני ששוו בשִׁיעוּרֵיהֶן because they are alike as to legal standards. the same place (ibid.) 8, 1. the same place (ibid.) 80ᵇ כל שִׁיעוּרֵי שבת all legal minimum sizes for eatables carried abroad on the Sabbath; and frequently—the same place (ibid.) 35ᵇ נתת דבריך לש׳ thy rule would vary according to circumstances, and would not be alike for all; Megillah 18ᵇ; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 5, end, 15ᵇ לש׳ for regulating the market prices, see שַׁעַר I. ↗ original

שִׁיעוּרָא Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 30, 13. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 21, 16 כש׳ וכ׳ about the length etc.; and elsewhere—Shabbath 78ᵇ אידי … חד ש׳ הוא this and that (‘as a Sela’ and ‘as a dry fig’) mean the same size. the same place (ibid.) 80ᵃ דש׳ דר׳ יהודה נפיש that the legal size which R. J. prescribes is the larger one; the same place (ibid.) 81ᵃ; and frequently—plural שִׁיעוּרִין, שִׁיעוּרַיָּא, שִׁיעיּרֵי, שִׁע׳. [Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Leviticus 25, 37, see שַׁעֲרָא I.]—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 1, 16ᶜ bottom of the page כל אילין ש׳ וכ׳ all those measures of time (mentioned above) must be counted from etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 5, end, 15ᵇ לש׳ for regulating the market prices; and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁיעֲלָא = Hebrew שֹׁעָל, hollow of the hand. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 4, 51ᵇ bottom of the page מלא שִׁיעֲלוֹן their handful [probably to be read: שִׁיעֲלִין plural handfuls]. ↗ original

שִׁיעֲמוּם , see שִׁעֲמוּם, שַׁעֲמָמוּתָא. ↗ original

שֵׂיעָר , see שׂעָר ↗ original

שִׁיעֲתָא 1 = שׁוּעִיתָא, talk. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 3, 66ᵈ top מתחמד … שִׁיעֲתָהּ because he desired to hear her talk. ↗ original

שִׁיעֲתָא 2, see שְׁעִיתָא ↗ original

שִׁיעֲתָא ² 3, see שְׁיָעָא ↗ original

שָׁיֵף , see שׁוּף ↗ original

שִׁיף (שׁוּף 2) rubbed off, abraded, bright. Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 3, end, 45ᵇ הניחה ש׳ וכ׳ if he left it (the pin) bright, and coming back found it rusty; Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 6, 15ᶜ top שׁוּפָה; see שׁוּף 3. ↗ original

שַׁיְפָא Avodah Zarah 52ᵇ; Bechoroth 50ᵃ, see טְרָיָינָא; Yalkut Shimoni Ezekiel 346.—plural שַׁיְפֵי, שַׁיְי׳. Bava Bathra 32ᵇ דהוו ש׳ וסומקי because they were abraded and red. ↗ original

שִׁיפָא 1 (the preceding) planed board. Eruvin 101ᵃ (explained דלת אלמנה) איכא דאמרי דחד ש׳ (Oxford manuscript דפא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 2) some say, it means a door consisting of one planed board. ↗ original

שִׁיפָא 2 (the preceding words; mistranslation of ξέστης; compare Syriac (Peshitta) שפיתא Brockelm. 383) Shifa, name of a measure, Xestes. Kiddushin 40ᵃ ש׳ דדינרי a Shifa full of denars. ↗ original

שִׁיפָא 3, see שִׁיפָה 2 ↗ original

שִׁיפָּא , see שִׁפָּא ↗ original

שִׁיפָה 1, see שִׁיף.—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 4, 44ᵃ bottom of the page ש׳ אחת, read: טִיפָּה.] ↗ original

שִׁיפָה 2 (שׁוּף 2) rubbing, smoothing. Nedarim 56ᵇ שִׁיפַת עור הדג rubbing with the skin of a fish. Menachoth 6, 5, see בְּעִיטָה. paring, shavings used for basket work, mats etc. (compare Syriac (Peshitta) שפיתא, Brockelm. 383, שיפתא Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 4102). Sukkah 20ᵃ, and elsewhere, see חֲשִׂיפָה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 2, 22ᶜ bottom of the page פול … בש׳ Egyptian beans (offered for sale) tied with shavings. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 5, end, 45ᵇ העקל … של ש׳ a bale … made of plaited shavings. Makhshirin 5, 8 הש׳ של לבנים edition Dehr. (edition השיפא) the shavings (or mat) used for covering bricks; and elsewhere—plural שִׁיפוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 4, 6ᵈ bottom of the page פורסין מחצלת על גבי ש׳ וכ׳ (not שייפות) you may spread a mat over the shavings which cover the bricks (on the Sabbath); Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 2, end, 81ᵇ שיפוף (correct accordingly). ↗ original

שִׁיפָה ² 3 feminine, see שִׁיפוֹן ↗ original

שִׂיפְוָונִיֹּות , see סִיפְוָונִיֹּות ↗ original

שִׁופּוּט (שפט, see שִׁפְטָא) childishness, folly, vanity. Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 13 (explained ענין רע, the same place (ibid.)) זה שִׁיפּוּטוֹ של ממון this is the folly of greed for wealth (because it is never satisfied); זה שיפוטו של גזל this is the folly of robbery (because it is the foremost among the accusers of man before the throne of God); the same place (ibid.) זה שִׁיפּוּטָהּ של תורה וכ׳ this is the vanity of study, because one learns and forgets again.—plural שִׁיפּוּטִים, שִׁפּ׳ (= παιδιά) boyish things, sport, (euphem. for) sodomy. Shemoth Rabbah section 8 (referring to 2 Chronicles 24, 24) א"ת שפטים אלא ש׳ read not sh’faṭim (punishment) but shippuṭim (sport); Tanchuma Beshallach 25; the same place (ibid.) Vaëra 9. ↗ original

שִׁיפּוּי (שָׁפָה 1) planing, shavings, chips. Meïl. 3, 8 (14ᵃ) בשפוי (Talmud edition בשפויי, Rashi בשפוי); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 25 edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading בשפוד, correct accordingly); Temurah 31ᵇ, see נְבָיָיה.—plural שִׁיפּוּיִים, שִׁיפּוּיִין, שִׁפּ׳. Avodah Zarah 42ᵇ top והא ש׳ … ושִׁיפּוּיֶיהָ מותרין but there are the chips, when the idol itself remains, and yet it is said, if the gentile chipped an idol for its own sake (to embellish it), itself is forbidden, but the shavings from it are permitted to be used. the same place (ibid.)ᵃ; and elsewhere—5. שְׁפָאִים. ↗ original

שִׁיפּוּי ² (שָׁפָה 2; compare שָׁפַע) incline, slanting. Chullin 19ᵃ ש׳ כובע, see כֹּובַע. the same place (ibid.) 20ᵃ ש׳ ראשו where the back of its head begins to slant towards the neck. ↗ original

שִׁיפּוּיָין (see שָׁיפּוּי I) [chips?,] name of a sort of cakes. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Exodus 16, 31 (Yerushalmi (prefix) I אֲשִׁישְׁיָין; Hebrew text צפיחת). ↗ original

שִׁיפּוּל (שָׁפַל) lower part, extremity. — plural שִׁיפּוּלִים, שִׁיפּוּלִין, שִׁפּ׳. Echah Rabbah to 1, 9 (explained בשוליה, the same place (ibid.)) בשִׁיפּוּלֶיהָ on her skirts. Shabbath 98ᵇ לאשה … ושפוליה וכ׳ like a woman that walks in the street, and her train drags behind her. Tosefta Oholoth 13, 9 שִׁיפּוּלֵי אוהלין the train of tents; (Oholoth 7, 2, see שִׁיפּוּעַ); and elsewhere—שיפולי מעים the lower part of the abdomen. Niddah 9, 8 contradistinguished to כרס. Yevamoth 80ᵇ כל שאין לה ש׳ מ׳ כנשים a woman the formation of whose lower abdomen is not that usual with women. ↗ original

שִׁיפּוּלָא extremity, bottom, train. Targum Song of Songs 1, 4 בש׳ דטורא at the foot of the mountain.—plural שִׁיפּוּלִין, שִׁיפּוּלֵי, שִׁפּ׳. Targum Onkelos Exodus 19, 17 (edition Vienna edition שִׁפֹּו׳; Hebrew text תחתית). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 5, 17 (O. יסודי; Hebrew text קרקע). Targum Lamentations 1, 9. Targum Exodus 28, 33 (O. edition Vienna edition שִׁיפֹּו׳); and frequently—Sanhedrin 102ᵇ הוה נקיטת בש׳ גלימא וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition הות נקיטנא, read נקיט; Rashi הות נקיט ש׳ ג׳; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) only שיפולא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 3) thou wouldst have taken up the trail of thy cloak and run after me. the seat of a tree in the ground. Bava Bathra 37ᵇ; Arachin 14ᵇ, see שִׁיפּוּדָא. moving downwards (sailing with the wind). Bava Bathra 73ᵇ, see שֵׁיצָא. ↗ original

שִׁיפוֹן rye; [other opinion] oats. Pesachim 2, 5; the same place (ibid.) 35ᵃ (classified with barley) explained דִּישְׁרָא; Menachoth 70ᵃ and the following Challah 1, 1. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 57ᵇ top (referring to Isaiah 28, 25) נסמן זה הש׳ nisman means shifon. the same place (ibid.) middle ברם כרבנן … הש׳ מין כוסמין וכ׳ but in the opinion of the Rabbis there are only three kinds of grain, shifon is a species of spelt etc. Kilayim 1, 1 הכוסמין והש׳ … אינן וכ׳ spelt and shifon are not heterogeneous (may be sown together). Kelim 9, 8 (variant reading in Hai Gaon שִׁיפָה, see Maimonides ad loc. (on the passage); variant reading שיפין, חשיפה through mistaking שיפה), see מִיצָה.—[Greek σιφώνιον a kind of oats.] ↗ original

שִׂיפְוָנִיֹּות , see סִיפְוָונִיֹּות ↗ original

שִׁיפּוּעַ (שָׁפַע) slanting, slope, skirt. Bereshith Rabbah section 69 (referring to Genesis 28, 12) הסולם הזה … ושִׁיפּוּעוֹ וכ׳ that ladder stood on the Temple site, and its slant reached etc.; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 120. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 7, end, 15ᵈ היה עשוי … או ממקום שיפועו מודד if a field has the shape of a chair, is the measuring to begin where the vertical wall begins, or where the slope begins? Oholoth 7, 2 כלים שתחת הש׳ vessels which lie under the slope (of a tent, see שִׁיפּוּל). Eruvin 102ᵃ and the following; Shabbath 138ᵇ שאין בשִׁיפּוּעָהּ טפח when the slanting portion of a tent cover is not so large as a handbreadth, opposite to גג the horizontal part; and elsewhere—plural שִׁיפּוּעִין, שִׁפּ׳. the same place (ibid.); Oholoth the passage cited שִׁיפּוּעֵי אהלים the slanting and flat portions of tent covers; and elsewhere—2) overflow, over-measure.— plural as ab. Tosefta Bava Bathra 5, 4 המוכר … כל הש׳ וכ׳ if one sells wine by the vessel, all the overflow belongs to the seller. ↗ original

שִׁיפּוּעָא , slant, slope. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Exodus 26, 12 שיפוע, construct state (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 שיפועה, correct accordingly; Hebrew text סרח). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 4, 49 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition משפך; Hebrew text אשדת). ↗ original

שיפוף , Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 2, end, 81ᵇ, see שִׁיפָה 2 ↗ original

שִׁיפּוּצָא (שְׁפַץ) repairing. Kethuboth 103ᵃ ש׳ מאי Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (variant reading שִׁיפּוּצַיָּא or שִׁיפּוּצְיָא; edition שיפצה) has a widow the right to repair her husband’s dwelling (and remain in it)? ↗ original

שִׁיפוֹרָא = שׁוֹפָרָא horn, trumpet, announcement. Niddah 38ᵃ ש׳ דירחא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition only ש׳) the shofar announcing the New Moon. Sukkah 34ᵃ; Shabbath 36ᵃ Munich manuscript (edition שופרא), see חֲצוֹצַרְתָּא. Moed Katan 27ᵇ שמע קל ש׳ דשכבא he heard the trumpet announcing a death in town; and elsewhere—plural שִׁיפוֹרֵי. Avodah Zarah 40ᵃ נפקי ש׳ דרבא וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition נפק) the announcements of Raba went forth to prohibit it, and those of R. H. permitting it; the same place (ibid.) 57ᵇ; Moed Katan 17ᵇ קרי ביה אלפא ש׳ וכ׳ sound into it (the pitcher) one thousand blasts (proclaiming the ban). the same place (ibid.) מאי שיפׄורׄי שנפׄרׄעין וכ׳ what does the blowing signify? That he will be punished. Shevuoth 36ᵃ בארבע מאה ש׳ שמתיה וכ׳ Barak declared the ban over Meroz with four hundred blasts of the trumpet; Moed Katan 16ᵃ; and elsewhere (see שׁוֹפָר) charity box. Gittin 60ᵇ ההוא ש׳ דהוה the charity box which was first kept in the house of R. J., and was transferred to etc.; [otb. opinion the shofar for public announcements]. ↗ original

שִׁיפְיוּת (שָׁפָה 3) quiet, peace; compromise. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 4, 5ᵈ top עושין ש׳ ביניהן וכ׳ we make a compromise between them, and divide the dead man’s estate (between the yabam and the son whose paternity is in doubt). the same place (ibid.) נמצאת אומר ש׳ באחין וכ׳ (not לאחיו) consequently, peace between brothers (a compromise between the yabam and the son who maybe is his deceased brother’s son) is a loss to the brothers (the succeeding sons, who will inherit only one half of the estate), opposite תחרות. ↗ original

שִׁיפְלוּת , see sub שִׁפְל׳. ↗ original

שִׂיפְמ־ , see שְׂפָמָא ↗ original

שִׁיפְעָא , see שִׁפְעָא ↗ original

שִׁיפְרְגָז Shifrʾgaz, legendary name of King Ahasver’s horse. Targum 2 Esther 6, 10. ↗ original

שִׁיץ (see שֵׁיצֵי) to go forth. Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁיֵּיץ to finish. Bereshith Rabbah section 78; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 133 שַׁיְּיצַת, see סוּב. ↗ original

שֵׁיץ (see the preceding; compare נוֹצָה) prickly branch of the date palm. — plural שֵׁיצִים, שֵׁיצִין, שֵׁצִ׳. Tosefta Shevi'ith 7, 16; Pesachim 53ᵃ על של בין הש׳ as long as there are dates on the single branches, opposite כפים, see כִּיפָּה. late (stony) date on the palm-tree.—plural as ab. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, 4ᵃ bottom of the page ש׳ שבכפים the stony dates on the top branches; Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 3, 62ᵃ (not שבכפיס). ↗ original

שֵׁיצָא prickly twig; stony date. — plural שֵׁיצֵי. Moed Katan 25ᵇ bottom of the page טעון דיקלי ש׳ the palms bore stony dates (Rashi: thorns). fin of a whale etc. Bava Bathra 73ᵇ וסגאי … בין ש׳ לש׳ וכ׳ and the ship went between one fin of the fish and the other for three days, itself swimming upwards (against the wind), and we floating downwards.—plural as ab. the same place (ibid.) ההיא גילדנא … תרי ש׳ Manuscript Rome a. edition L (edition שַׁיְיצֵי) that was a sea gildana (see גִּלְדָּנָא), which has two fins (on each side). ↗ original

שֵׁיצָאָה (see next word) finishing, destruction. Targum Isaiah 10, 23; 28, 22. the same place (ibid.) 40, 17 (Hebrew text תהו). Targum Ezekiel 13, 13. ↗ original

שֵׁיצֵי (Shaf. of יצא; see Delitzsch, Prolegomena, p. 140) [to go forth, see שֵׁיץ; to cause to go out,] to be ended (compare כָּלָה); to cease, to perish. Targum Ruth 2, 23. Targum Psalms 39, 11; and frequently to finish, complete, end. Targum Onkelos Genesis 2, 2. the same place (ibid.) 17, 22; and frequently to make an end of, destroy. Targum Lamentations 2, 2; 5. Targum Genesis 18, 23, and the following; and frequently Ishtaf. אִשְׁתֵּיצֵי, אִשְׁתֵּצֵי to be finished. Targum 2 Chronicles 8, 16. to be made an end of, be consumed. Targum Psalms 73, 26 manuscript (edition אִשְׁתֵּיצָא). Targum Genesis 34, 30; and frequently ↗ original

שֵׁיצְיָא (the preceding) end, destruction. Targum Proverbs 10, 14; 29; the same place (ibid.) 18, 7 (Hebrew text מחתה); and elsewhere ↗ original

שֵׁיצְיוּ same, completion, perfection. Targum Psalms 139, 22 שיציו manuscript (edition Lagarde edition שֵׁיצִיאוּת; edition Vilna edition שֵׁיצִיאֵית, correct accordingly; Hebrew text תכלית). end, consumption. Targum 2 Kings 13, 19; and frequently ↗ original

שֵׁיצָיוּ 2 (the preceding) proper noun of a place Shetsayu (Destruction). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 1, 44; Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 14, 45 (edition Vienna edition שֵׁיצִיוּ; Hebrew text חרמה). ↗ original

שִׁיצִינָא (see שֵׁיץ) branch, twig. Bava Metzia 99ᵇ שי׳ דתמרי Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) שו׳; edition חביצא) a palm twig with dates on. ↗ original

שֵׁיצָנִיתָא (the preceding) weed. Pesachim 35ᵃ (Munich manuscript 2 שׁוּצָ׳; Oxford manuscript שֵׁצָ׳), see קַרְמִית. ↗ original

שִׁיקּוּדִין , see שִׁיקּוּר 2 ↗ original

שִׁיקּוּיָיא (שְׁקֵי) = Hebrew שִׁקּוּי, drink, potion. — plural שִׁיקּוּיִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 9, 12ᵃ bottom of the page כל ש׳ דאתון וכ׳ all potions that you are in the habit of preparing on week days (for women in confinement), prepare also on the Sabbath; Bereshith Rabbah section 80 שקועין (Matt. K. quotes frequently Yerushalmi (prefix) the passage cited שִׁילּוּקִין); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 135 שיקועי׳ (correct accordingly). ↗ original

שִׁיקּוּל (שָׁקַל) weighing; ש׳ הדעת weighing of opinions, decision between opposing views. Sanhedrin 6ᵃ, and frequently, see דַּעַת. ↗ original

שִׁיקּוּעַ (שָׁקַע) sinking, covering up. Zevachim 21ᵇ איכא בינייהו מצות ש׳ they differ as to the time when the laver is to be let down into the well. the same place (ibid.) top איכא בינייהו גזירת ש׳ they differ as to whether or not you must consider the possibility of a mistake in letting the laver down etc. Tosefta Kelim Bava Kamma 3, 14 על ש׳ העמוד on the column of vessels that are covered with clay; Tosefta Parah V (4), 2 שיקעו edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (other edition שיקועו, correct accordingly). ↗ original

שִׁיקּוּעָא Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Numbers 4, 20.—[שיקועין, שקועין Bereshith Rabbah section 80; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 135, see שִׁיקּוּיָיא.] ↗ original

שִׁיקּוּץ abomination, idol. — plural שִיקּוּצִים, שִׁקּ׳. Sifra K’dosh. Parah 1 ש׳ על שם וכ׳ the idols are called shiḳḳutsim, because they are abominable; Mechilta Mishpatim section 20; Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 34. ↗ original

שִׁיקּוּץ ² Targum I Kings 11, 5. Targum 2 Kings 23, 13 (edition Vilna edition שִׁקֻּץ). Targum Jeremiah 4, 1 edition Lagarde edition (other edition שִׁקְצָךְ); and elsewhere—plural שִׁיקּוּצַיָּא, שִׁיקּוּצִין, שִׁקּ׳. Targum Ezekiel 5, 11. the same place (ibid.) 20, 7, and the following; and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁיקּוּר (שָׁקַר) false dealing, malappropriation. Sifré Numbers 7, and elsewhere, see מְעִילָה; [Sifra Vayikra, Ḥob. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 19, Parah 11; Meïl. 18ᵃ שִׁינּוּי change of employment]. ↗ original

שִׁיקּוּר 2 name of an earthen vessel (probably a tumbler that cannot stand, see Shabbath 104ᵃ quoted under the word שִׁקְרָא).—plural שִׁקּוּרִין. Tosefta Kelim Bava Kamma 2, 9 edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (other edition שקורי; Rabbenu Shimshon to Kelim 3, 2 שִׁקּוּדִין). ↗ original

שִׁיקְטָנָא , see שְׁקִיטְנָא ↗ original

שִׁיקְיָא , see שַׁקְיָא, שַׁקְיָינָא. ↗ original

שִׁיקְמָא , see sub שִׁקְ׳. ↗ original

שִׁיקְפָא , see שְׁקוֹפָא, a. שַׁקְפָא. ↗ original

שִׁיקְצָא , see sub שִׁק׳. ↗ original

שְׁיָר , see שְׁיָיר ↗ original

שִׁיר 1 denominative of next word) to singular Berachoth 14ᵇ ושַׁרְנוּ לך and we sang (praises) unto thee. Sanhedrin 91ᵇ (referring to Exodus 15, 1) שָׁר לא נאמר אלא יָשִׁיר it does not read, ‘he sang’; but, ‘he shall sing’; Mechilta Beshallach, Shir., section 1; and elsewhere Polel. שור ) שׁוֹרֵר same. Bamidbar Rabbah section 3 (play on בׄכׄושׄרׄות, Psalms 68, 7) אותן שהיו בׄוכׄין … מְ֗שׄוׄרְ֗רִין עכשיו those who formerly wept …, were now singing. the same place (ibid.) ועבד מְשׁוֹרֵר וכ׳ and the slave sings, because he is relieved etc. Bava Bathra 120ᵃ מְשׁוֹרְרִים לפניה went singing (bridal songs) before her; and frequently—[Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 116 באין ושוררין, read: ושׁוֹרִין, see שָׁרָה 2.]—מְשׁוֹרֵר singer, especially Temple singer (Levite). Arachin 11ᵇ מ׳ ששיער ומשוער ששורר if one designated as a singer acts as gate-guard, or a gate-guard acts as singer; and frequently—plural מְשׁוֹרְרִים, מְשׁוֹרְרִין. the same place (ibid.) שאתה מן המ׳ וכ׳ for thou belongest to the singers, and not to the gate-guards; and frequently ↗ original

שִׁיר 2 [chain, string; compare חָרַז,] verse, song, poetry, music. Tamid 5, 6 שאחיו … לדבר בש׳ that his brother Levites were assembling to sing in chorus. the same place (ibid.) 7, 4 הש׳ שהיו הלוים וכ׳ these are the psalms that the Levites recited severally on each day; and frequently—Rosh Hashanah 28ᵃ התוקע לש׳ he who blows the Shofar (on the New Year’s Day) as a musical exercise (Munich manuscript לשֵׁד to drive off a demon); the same place (ibid.) 33ᵇ (Munich manuscript לשֵׁיד).—כלי ש׳ musical instruments (used in the Temple during the offering of sacrifices). Taanith IV (3), 3; and elsewhere—plural שִׁירִים, שִׁירִין. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 1 דוד אמר ש׳ ושלמה אמר ש׳ David composed songs, and so did Solomon. the same place (ibid.) end (explained שיר השירים) המעולה שבש׳; המסולסל שבש׳, see סִלְסֵל. the same place (ibid.) נאמר ש׳ ונשבח למי שעשאנו ש׳ בעולם let us recite songs and praise to him who has made us to be songs (proclaimers of God’s praise) in the world; נאמר ש׳ … שיורים לעולם let us recite songs to him who made us remnants (has preserved us) for the world; and frequently—שיר הש׳ the Book of Song of Songs (Canticum). the same place (ibid.); Bava Bathra 14ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original

שֵׁיר שֵׁרוֹת plural; the preceding) chain, necklace, bracelet, ring. Shabbath 5, 1 סוס בש׳ the horse may be let out (on the Sabbath) with his chain (or ring); וכל בעלי הש׳ וכ׳ and all chain-wearing animals etc.; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4 (5), 4. Bava Metzia 25ᵃ כש׳ if the coins found lie arranged like a ring (or necklace). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᵇ top ובלבד … לא בש׳ וכ׳ save that he does not put it (the amulet) in a necklace or a signet ring; and elsewhere—plural שֵׁירִין. Bereshith Rabbah section 98 וחיו משליכות עליו ש׳ וכ׳ (not שיריין) and they (the Egyptian women) threw at him (Joseph) chains and necklaces etc. ↗ original

שֵׁיר ² Targum Psalms 105, 18 (fem.). Targum Job 30, 11 שֵׁירִי manuscript (Hebrew text יתרי; manuscript variant reading שושילתי, נימי, אטוני; edition שושלתי ונימי אטוני, embodying all the Variants). the same place (ibid.) 40, 26 manuscript variant reading (edition סלוא). Targum Esther 8, 15; and elsewhere—Echah Rabbah to 2, 12 סב לך חד ש׳ וכ׳ take a bracelet or a ring, and go to market etc.—plural שֵׁירִין, שֵׁירַיָּא, שֵׁירֵי. Targum Ezekiel 29, 4 (edition Vilna edition שִׁי׳; Hebrew text חחים). Targum Isaiah 37, 29 (edition Vilna edition שִׁי׳; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) שֵׁירִי; Hebrew text חחי). Targum Psalms 107, 10 (edition Vilna edition שׁרֵי). Targum Onkelos Numbers 31, 50 שֵׁירִין edition Berlin edition (edition Amsterdam edition שְׁרִין, read: שֵׁ׳); Yerushalmi (prefix) שִׁירַיָּא (edition Vienna edition שִׁי׳; Hebrew text אצעדה); and frequently—[Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Exodus 28, 32 שִׁירַיָּא, see שִׁירָיָא.]—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᵇ bottom of the page (explained צמיד, Numbers the passage cited) שיריא (bracelets). ↗ original

שִׁיר = Hebrew שִׁיר. Targum Song of Songs 1, 1. Targum Psalms 66, 1; and frequently—plural שִׁירִין, שִׁירַיָּא. Targum Song of Songs the passage cited Targum Psalms 137, 3; and elsewhere—[שִׁירָא feminine, see שִׁירְתָא.] ↗ original

*שִׁירָא 2 Shira. Shabbath 66ᵃ, see שׁיָּיא. ↗ original

שִׁירָא (compare sericum) [of Seres, Chinese,] silk. Targum 2 Esther 5, 1; 6, 10, see פְּרַנְגַּן.—Kethuboth 63ᵇ הוה תפיסא חד שירא (Rashi חדא ש׳) she seized a silk garment (Rashi: a cloak).—plural שִׁירָאִין, שִׁירָיִין, שִׁירָאֵי. Targum Ezekiel 27, 19 בשיריין edition Lagarde edition (other edition בשִׁירִין, correct accordingly).—Shabbath 90ᵃ תכך דש׳ the worm (tʿkhakh) in silk garments. Kiddushin 32ᵃ קרע ש׳ וכ׳ tore silk garments in the presence of his son Rabbah (to test his filial respect). Sanhedrin 67ᵇ, see כְּרִיכָא 3. Berachoth 56ᵃ, see תִּכְלָא 2. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᵇ bottom of the page (explained שֵׁרוֹת, Isaiah 3, 19) שיראין silk cloaks (?). ↗ original

שִׁירָא ² Sotah 48ᵇ; Shabbath 20ᵇ, see פְּרַנְדָּא.—plural שִׁירָאִים, שִׁירָאִין, שִׁירָיִים. the same place (ibid.); Menachoth 39ᵇ (contradistinguished to סיריקון, a. to כלך); Sifra Thazr., Parah 5, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 13. Tosefta Kelim Bava Bathra 5, 11 השירין (variant reading השירשין, correct accordingly, Rabbenu Shimshon to Kelim 28, 8 שיריים). ↗ original

שִׁירָה 2 see שִׁיר 2) song, hymn, poetry, music. Arachin 11ᵃ עיקר ש׳ בפה וכלי וכ׳ the essential in the Temple music is (the song) with the mouth, and the musical instruments are for accompaniment (see בְּסַם); (anoth. opinion) עיקר ש׳ בכלי instrumental music is the essential etc.; Sukkah 50ᵇ; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 3, 74ᵇ bottom of the page שִׁירַת הבאר the song of the well (Numbers 21, 17 and the following); ש׳ הים the song of the sea (Exodus 15, 1—18); ש׳ הלוים the song of the Levites (for the additional sacrifice of the Sabbath, Deuteronomy 32, 1–43); Treatise Sof’rim Chaldaic (Aramaic) 12. Rosh Hashanah 30ᵇ ש׳ של חול the song (of the Levites) for a week-day. the same place (ibid.) 31ᵃ top דש׳ דיומיה הוה because it would at all events have been the song for that day (the fifth day of the week for which the same psalm is designated as for the New Year’s Day, Psalms 81); and very frequently—plural שִׁירוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah the passage cited כל הש׳ טעונות וכ׳ all poetic passages of the Pentateuch (when read at public service) require special benedictions before and after. Shemoth Rabbah section 23 כל הש׳ … לשון נקיבה וכ׳ all the songs that have heretofore been composed (mentioned in the Scriptures) are of the feminine gender (שִׁירָה) … but the song of the future … will be of the masculine gender (שִׁיר, referring to Isaiah 42, 10); Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 5; and frequently ↗ original

שֵׁירוּ , see שֵׁירוּתָא 2, 3. ↗ original

שֵׁירָוָון , see שֵׁירוּתָא 3 ↗ original

שֵׁירוּי (שְׁרֵי) beginning; the firstling. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 30, 23 בש׳ (Hebrew text ראש). Targum Proverbs 9, 10. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 49, 3; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 98 (referring to Genesis the passage cited) ש׳ חילי וש׳ צערי the beginning of my strength, and the beginning of my trouble.—plural שֵׁירוּיִין, שׁירוּיָיתָא שֵׁר׳ (fem.). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Numbers 18, 12 שֵׁירוּיֵיהוֹן; 2 שֵׁירוּיַיתְהוֹן (edition Vienna edition שִׁי׳). ↗ original

שִׁירְוָן , see שֵׁירוּתָא 3 ↗ original

שֵׂירוּף (שָׂרַף 1) burning, burn. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 9; Tanchuma Tsav 2; Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 161, see אִימּוּס. ↗ original

שֵׁירוּת (שָׁרַת) service, especially Temple service, function. Arachin 11ᵃ (referring to Deuteronomy 18, 7) איזהו ש׳ שבשם וכ׳ what service is there that is connected with the Name? It is song (attending the sacrifices). the same place (ibid.) (referring to Deuteronomy 10, 8 לשרתו ולברך) מכלל … לאו ש׳ היא this implies that the priestly benediction is not called a service. Sotah 38ᵃ (referring to Deuteronomy the passage cited) איתקש ברכה לש׳ the priestly benediction is made analogous to service (both must be performed standing). Zevachim 24ᵃ; Yoma 58ᵃ the question is, דרך ש׳ בכך וכ׳ may or may not a Temple function be performed in that manner? Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 5, beginning 22ᵇ כל ש׳ ששרת וכ׳ every ministration which he performed before Eli was considered as a ministration before God. Yoma the passage cited שני כלים בש׳ אחד manuscript manuscript 2 (edition וש׳ אחת) there may be two vessels for one function. Menachoth 109ᵃ שחיטה לאו ש׳ וכ׳ slaughtering (a sacrifice) is no priestly function; and frequently ↗ original

שֵׁירוּתָא —מלאכי ש׳ ministering angels (see שָׁרֵת). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 18, 20; and frequently ↗ original

שֵׁירוּתָא ² (שְׁרֵי) beginning. Targum Jeremiah 2, 3. Targum Job 8, 7; see שֵׁירוּי. ↗ original

שֵׁירוּתָא ³ (שְׁרֵי) [rest, encampment,] meal, refreshment (compare סְעוּדָה); ration, sustenance. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 29, 22 (not שירוי). the same place (ibid.) 18, 5. Targum Job 40, 30. Targum Genesis 43, 16 (dinner time; Hebrew text צהרים). Targum 2 Kings 25, 30; and frequently—Berachoth 39ᵇ הוה בצע אכולא ש׳ used to break bread enough for the entire meal. Taanith 11ᵇ האי בר בי רב … ליכול כלבא לשֵׁירוּתֵיה if a student fasts, let a dog eat his meal. Pesachim 113ᵃ (proverb) סלקת לאיגרא שֵׁירוּתָךְ בהדך if thou goest up to the roof (on a journey ever so short), take thy provisions with thee; and elsewhere—plural שֵׁירָוָון. Targum Hosea 4, 8 (edition Vilna edition שִׁירְוָן). ↗ original

שִׁירְטוּט (שִׁרְטֵט) ruling, marking lines. Menachoth 32ᵇ צריכות ש׳ must be written on traced lines; Megillah 18ᵇ. Gittin 6ᵇ בלא ש׳ without rules. Shabbath 75ᵇ (referring to המולח והמעבד, the same place (ibid.) 7, 2) אפיק … ועייל ש׳ take out either of the two words, and insert (among the forbidden acts) the tracing of outlines on the hide before cutting. ↗ original

שֵׂירָטוֹן , see שֵׂרָטוֹן ↗ original

שִׁירָיָא = Hebrew שִׁרְיָה, coat of mail. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 39, 23; the same place (ibid.) 28, 32 (not שִׁירַיָּא); see שִׁרְייָנָא. ↗ original

שִׁירְיוֹן , see sub שִׁרְ׳. ↗ original

שִׁירְיָיה , Tosefta Maʿǎser Sheni 2, 1 שִׁירְיָיתָהּ, see שְׁרִיָּיה ↗ original

שִׁירַיִים , see שְׁיָיר ↗ original

שִׁירְיָין , see sub שִׁרְ׳. ↗ original

שִׁירַיִם , see שְׁיָיר ↗ original

שִׁירְיָן , see sub שִׁרְ׳. ↗ original

שִׁירַן Shiran. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 32, 38 (Hebrew text שבמה); Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I the same place (ibid.) 3 (Hebrew text שבם). ↗ original

שִׁירְנוּקָא , see שִׁינּוּקָא ↗ original

שִׂירְפּ־ , see שְׂרָף ↗ original

שִׂירְפָּה , see שְׂרִיפָה ↗ original

שִׁירְקָא common gender (שְׁרַק 2) viscous substance, glair. Pesachim 68ᵃ (explained מיחוי קרביו, the same place (ibid.) 6, 1) ש׳ דמעיא דנפיק וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition דנפקא) (the removal of) the viscous substance of the entrails, which comes out through the pressure of the knife; Moed Katan 22ᵃ (explained ליחה, the same place (ibid.)). Shabbath 109ᵃ ש׳ טויא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 200) the glairy substance issuing from a melon wrapped in dough and roasted (edition שְׁרִיקָא, see טַוְיָא). ↗ original

שירקיריס , Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 8 edition Buber edition, see סִילִיקְרָאוּת ↗ original

שִׁירְשׁוּרָא , see שִׁישׁוּרָא ↗ original

שִׁירְתָא = Hebrew שִׁירָה. Targum Psalms 30, 1. Targum Song of Songs 1, 1 (edition Vienna edition שִׁירָ׳); and elsewhere—plural שִׁירָתָא the same place (ibid.) ↗ original

שִׂישׂ , see שׂוּשׂ ↗ original

שַׁיִשׁ (Biblical Hebrew; = שושו, [smooth,] yellow marble or alabaster. Chagigah 14ᵇ (in a mystic passage) כשאתם מגיעין אצל אבני ש׳ טהור וכ׳ when you arrive at the stones of pure marble, say not, water, water. Shemoth Rabbah section 10; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 105, and elsewhere, see פְּסִיפָּס. Bamidbar Rabbah section 16 (play on ששי, Numbers 13, 22) שהיה בריא כש׳ he was as sound as a marble block; Tanchuma Sh’laḥ 7. Middoth 3, 3. Tosefta Terumoth 10, 10; and frequently ↗ original

שַׁיִשׁ ² Targum 2 Esther 1, 2.—Sukkah 51ᵇ; Bava Bathra 4ᵃ, see מַרְמָרָא; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 913. ↗ original

שִׁישָׁא 1 (see Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 4144, Brockelm. 374ᵃ) alabaster or glass jug (?), see אֲשִׁישָׁא. ↗ original

שִׁישָׁא ) proper noun of a male person Shisha, (Sisa), an Amora. Berachoth 24ᵃ Munich manuscript (edition ששת). Chullin 44ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original

שִׂישָׂה (שׂוּשׂ) joy, use of the root שׂוּשׂ. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 9 כל מקום שנאמר ש׳ כתיב בשי"ן וכ׳ wherever rejoicing is meant the word is written with Sin, but here (in לססתי, Song of Songs the passage cited) it is with Samekh. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Ronni, p. 141ᵇ; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 4 (one of the ten expressions for joy; Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 34 שָׂשׂוֹן). ↗ original

שִׁישׁוּרָא (שְׁרַר) rope. Pesachim 82ᵃ דקא גדיל שיש׳ (Munich manuscript שירש׳) if he (the unclean priest) is a ropemaker (who cannot be suspected of neglecting the Temple service from mercenary motives). Bava Kamma 96ᵃ חופיא ועבדיה שר׳ (Munich manuscript ועבדינהו שיש׳) if one stole palm leaves made into a broom, and made them into a rope. ↗ original

שִׁישִּׁי , see שִׁשִּׁי ↗ original

שֵׁישַׁךְ , see שֵׁשַׁךְ ↗ original

שִׁישֶׁלְתָּא , see שַׁלְשֶׁלְתָּא ↗ original

שִׁישְׁנָא Shishna. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 19, 16ᵈ bottom of the page רב ש׳ quoted in Alfasi (edition שׁשעה). Gittin 62ᵃ; Menachoth 90ᵃ רב דימי בר ש׳. ↗ original

שִׁית 1 to place, set, make. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֵשִׁית same. Sanhedrin 27ᵃ (referring to Exodus 23, 1) אל תָּשֶׁת רשע עד make not a wicked man a witness (disqualify him); אל תשת חמס עד allow not violence (robbers) to testify; Mechilta Mishpatim, section 20; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 352.—[Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 620 השיתיו, see שָׁתָה 2.] ↗ original

שִׁית 2 (שָׁתַת 2) foundation; (compare יְסוֹד) bottom, especially Shith, a pit by the side of the altar into which the remainder of libations was poured. Middoth 3, 3 שבו יורדין לש׳ וכ׳ by which men went down the Sh. to cleanse it. Tosefta Sukkah 3, 15 יורדין לש׳ וכ׳ the wine goes down into the pit and is swallowed up there. the same place (ibid.) (referring to וגם יקב, Isaiah 5, 2) זה הש׳ this refers to the Sh.; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, 54ᵈ top; Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 49ᵃ השִׁיתִּין (plural).—plural שִׁיתִּין. the same place (ibid.) ש׳ מששת ימי וכ׳ the Shittin have existed from the six days of creation (are a natural cavity). the same place (ibid.) 53ᵃ בשעה שכרה דוד ש׳ when David began to dig the pits (for the Temple); Makkoth 11ᵃ; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 878 שִׁתִּין. Meïl. 3, 3 (11ᵃ) (ירדו) יצאו לש׳ וכ׳ so soon as the wine is let down into the pits etc. Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 653, see פָּגַר. ↗ original

שִׁית 3 wild fig.—plural שִׁיתִין (or שִׁיתִּין). Demai 1, 1; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 1; Eruvin 18ᵃ; Berachoth 40ᵇ (explained מין תאנים). ↗ original

שִׁית = Hebrew שֵׁשׁ, six. Targum Genesis 7, 6 (O. edition Berlin edition שֵׁית; edition Vienna edition שִׁתְּ). the same place (ibid.) 30, 20 (O. edition Berlin edition שיתה); and very frequently—Pesachim 94ᵃ ש׳ אלפי וכ׳ the world (distance from sunrise to sunset) is six thousand parasangs. Sanhedrin 97ᵃ ש׳ אלפי שני הוי וכ׳ the world will exist six thousand years; and frequently—plural שִׁיתִּין, שִׁתִּ׳ sixty. Targum Genesis 25, 26; and frequently—Bava Kamma 92ᵇ ש׳ תכלי, see כַּכָּא. the same place (ibid.) ש׳ רהוטי, see צַפְרָא. Avodah Zarah 69ᵃ בש׳ requires sixty portions to be neutralized; and elsewhere—שִׁיתַּת עֲשַׂר, שֵׁיתֵיסַר, שֵׁיתְסַר, שֵׁיתְסְרֵי, שִׁיתְ׳ sixteen; sixteenth. Targum Exodus 26, 25. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 34, 8 (edition Vienna edition שֵׁתֵיסַר); and frequently—שֵׁיתְסְרָאָה masculine the sixteenth. Targum I Chronicles 24, 14 (edition Lagarde edition שִׁיסְרָאָה). ↗ original

שֵׂיתָא = Hebrew שֶׂה, ewe. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 22, 28 (edition Berlin edition סִיתָא). the same place (ibid.) 5, 7 edition Lisb. (manuscript ס׳; edition אִימְרָא). ↗ original

שִׁיתָאָה (שְׁתֵי 2) weaver. — plural שִׁיתָאֵי, שִׁיתָיֵיא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 13, 14ᵃ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 3, 62ᵃ top, see מְצָדָא I. ↗ original

שִׁיתְאָסָא (compound or composed of שִׁית a. אסא, Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 291; see אֲסִי) foundation. Targum Psalms 137, 7 (edition Vilna edition שִׁתְּאֲסָא). Targum Job 38, 38 (edition Vilna edition שִׁתְאָסָה; Hebrew text מוצק); and elsewhere—plural שִׁיתְאָסִין, שִׁיתְאֲסַיָּיא, שִׁתְ׳ (also used as sing.) the same place (ibid.) 4, 19. the same place (ibid.) 22, 16 manuscript (different interpretation or differently interpreted in edition). Targum Proverbs 10, 25 (edition Vilna edition שִׁתְאֲסָיָא, other edition סַיָן …, correct accordingly). Targum Psalms 18, 16. the same place (ibid.) 24, 2 שוי שִׁתְסָהָא (edition Lagarde edition שויתיתאה, correct accordingly). Targum Proverbs 3, 9 [read:] שוי שיתאסיא דארעא (see Pesh.). ↗ original

שִׁיתּוּמָא (שְׁתַם) opening, boring a hole. Avodah Zarah 69ᵇ דלא חייש לש׳ who does not apprehend that the gentile may make a hole in the stopper (to draw out wine, and close it again). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, 44ᵈ top שִׁיתּוּמְהוֹן, see מֵגֵף. ↗ original

שִׁיתּוּף (שָׁתַף) partnership, especially (Sabbath law) shittuf, the formation of a fictitious partnership in an alley by depositing in it some article of food in which the inmates concerned have a share, which has the effect of allowing them to move things within the area enclosed by the alley. Eruvin 71ᵇ בסומכין על ש׳ וכ׳ they differ as to whether shittuf can be relied upon to take the place of an ʿerub (עֵירוּב). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 19, beginning 16ᵈ קורה בלא ש׳ וכ׳ the placing of a beam over an alley without shittuf has the effect of allowing the carrying of objects on the Sabbath. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 5, 23ᵈ bottom of the page; and frequently ↗ original

שִׁיתְיָא , see שִׁתְיָא ↗ original

שִׁיתְלָא , see שְׁתִילָא ↗ original

שיתנהון , Pesikta Rabbati section 22, read: שַׁרְתַּנְהוֹן, see שְׁרֵי ↗ original

שֵׁיתְסַר , see שִׁית 4 ↗ original

שָׂךְ (compare סוֹךְ) thicket, wild growth. Echah Rabbah to 1, 17 לשעבר … ועכשיו בשך formerly I went to Jerusalem on well-kept roads, but now I go through wild growth (thorns), as it is said (Hosea 2, 8), I will hedge up (שָׂךְ) thy road with thorns. ↗ original

שָׁכַב (Biblical Hebrew) to incline; to lie down, lie, sleep. Bechoroth 7, 2, and elsewhere גביניו שׁוֹכְבִין, see גְּבִין 2. Bereshith Rabbah section 96 (referring to Genesis 47, 28 and the following) אתה שׁוֹכֵב ואין אתה מת thou shalt lie (in the grave) but not be dead (forever). Berachoth 1, 3 (referring to Deuteronomy 6, 9) בשעה … שׁוֹכְבִים וכ׳ (you must read the Sh’mʿa) at the time of the day when people lie down, and when people get up. the same place (ibid.) 62ᵇ על כל משכב שְׁכַב וכ׳ lie on any couch, only not on the bare ground; and very frequently—participle passive שָׁכוּב. Mechilta Beshallach, Vayassʿa, section 3 תפלתם … שהיו שְׁכוּבִים בעפר the prayer of our fathers who were asleep in the ground; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 260 שוכבין. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁכִּיב to cause to lie down. Berachoth 60ᵇ (in a night prayer) שתַּשְׁכִּיבֵנִי לשלום וכ׳ that thou make me to lie down for peace and to rise for peace etc. Berachoth 4ᵇ הַשְׁכִּיבֵנוּ (cause us to lie down,) hashkibenu, a section of the evening prayers, inserted between G’ullah and T’fillah (see גְּאוּלָּה). the same place (ibid.) 9ᵇ; and frequently to let lie with, to allow sodomy. Kerithoth 3ᵃ (referring to Leviticus 18, 22) קרי ביה לא תַשְׁכִּיב read it as lo thashkib, do not allow etc.; Sanhedrin 54ᵇ לא תַשְׁכֵּב (or תִשָּׁכֵב Nif'al); and elsewhere Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׁכַּב to be lain with, especially to be the subject of sodomy. the same place (ibid.) אזהרה לנִשְׁכָּב מנין whence do we derive the warning (אַזְהָרָה) for the person that allows sodomy? the same place (ibid.) [read:] לר׳ ישמעאל אזהרה לנ׳ לבהמה וכ׳ (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 200, a. Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 599) according to R. Yishmael’s interpretation, whence do we derive the warning for the person that is made the subject of coupling with a beast? the same place (ibid.) לא תִשָּׁכֵב, see above; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁכֵב , to lie down; to die; to lie with. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 24, 12, and the following Targum Genesis 26, 10. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 15, 24. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 28, 30; and frequently—participle passive שָׁכִיב. Targum Ezek. 4, 9; and frequently—5. שָׁכִיב.—Yevamoth 46ᵃ איכו שְׁכִיבִי לא וכ׳ I might have died without telling you this thing; Bava Metzia 73ᵇ השתא איכו שְׁכִיבְנָא (not שכיבא); Avodah Zarah 55ᵃ (correct accordingly; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 10). Yevamoth 24ᵇ, and elsewhere כי ניים ושָׁכִיב, see נוּם Chaldaic (Aramaic) Bava Metzia 85ᵃ לא ש׳ אינש וכ׳ no one died before his time. Bava Kamma 91ᵇ; Bava Bathra 26ᵃ לא ש׳ וכ׳ my son Shikhḥat died (early) for no other sin than that he cut down a fig tree before its time; and frequently Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּכַּב to be lain with, be ravished. Targum Zechariah 14, 2. Targum Isaiah 13, 16. ↗ original

שֶׁכֶב (the preceding) the lower millstone, opposite רֶכֶב. Bava Bathra 2, 1, see רֶכֶב; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 3. ↗ original

שִׁכְבָּא (שְׁכֵב) asleep; dead body, corpse. Moed Katan 27ᵇ שיפורא דש׳, see שִׁיפוֹרָא. the same place (ibid.) לא ש׳ איכא במתא is there not a dead (to be buried) in town (and they pursue their labors)? Bava Bathra 91ᵃ, see מָנוֹבַיְיתָא; and frequently—plural שִׁכְבֵּי, שִׁי׳. Sanhedrin 29ᵇ, see עוּר I Chaldaic (Aramaic) the same place (ibid.) 48ᵇ ש׳ דהרפניא the dead of Harpania (for whom the shrouds are not woven until they are dead); and elsewhere—5. שָׁכִיב. ↗ original

שְׁכָבָה , see Job 38, 37), only in שִׁכְבַת זֶרַע effusion of semen. Niddah 5ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) 9ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) 13ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original

שַׁכְבָּנָא (שְׁכֵב) one whose eyebrows overshadow his eyes (see גְּבִין 2). Bechoroth 44ᵃ; (Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 5, 2, and the following שכניה). ↗ original

שְׁכֹבֶת see שְׁכָבָה) effusion of semen; [other opinion] = שְׁכִיבָה. Sanhedrin 54ᵇ, see שְׁכִיבָה. ↗ original

שִׁכְבְּתָא feminine = Hebrew שְׁכָבָה; only in שִׁכְבַת זַרְעָא, שׁוּכְ׳ = Hebrew שכבת זרע. Targum Leviticus 15, 16, and the following (O. edition Vienna edition שְׁכוּבַת); and frequently ↗ original

שָׂכָה , see סָכָה ↗ original

שְׁכוּב , see שְׁכֵב ↗ original

שְׁכוּבְתָּא = Hebrew שְׁכֹבֶת lying with, sexual connection. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 18, 20; 23. the same place (ibid.) 20, 15; and elsewhere effusion of semen. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 15, 16, and the following; see שִׁכְבְּתָא. ↗ original

שִׂכּוּי , see סִיכּוּי ↗ original

שֶׂכְוִי , see סָכָה) [guard,] cock. Rosh Hashanah 26ᵃ כשהלכתי … ולתרנגול ש׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) ס׳) when I travelled in the district of K. N., (I noticed that) they called a bride ninphe, and a cock sekhvi; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᶜ top ברומי … ש׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) סִכְוָיָא) in Rome they call the cock section; Vayikra Rabbah section 25 בערביא … לתרנגולתא שִׂכְוָיָא in Arabia they call the hen sikhvaya; Yalkut Shimoni Job 925 ברומי … סִכְוָוא; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 615 בערבי … לתרנגולת שכוי. ↗ original

שִׂכְיָיָא , see the preceding ↗ original

שכוין , Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 4, beginning 14ᶜ הש׳, probably to be read: השִׁיחִין (see Tosefta Bava Bathra 3, 2). ↗ original

שַׁכּוּל bereft of whelps. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 37 שעומד … כדוב ש׳ וכ׳ who stands on the road like a bear bereft of her whelps ready to kill mother and children. ↗ original

שִׂכּוּלָא , see סִיכּוּלָא ↗ original

שִׁכּוּן , see שִׁיכּוּן ↗ original

שְׁכוּנָא (שְׁכַן) dwelling, tent; apartment. — plural שְׁכוּנִין, שְׁכוּנַיָּא, שְׁכוּנֵי. Targum Judges 8, 11; Targum Jeremiah 3, 2; 9, 25; 25, 24.—Bava Bathra 29ᵇ; 159ᵇ אנא בש׳ גוואי הואי I lived in the interior departments (and had the right to pass the premises which you occupied; therefore you cannot claim undisputed possession). group of buildings, neighborhood. — plural as ab. Vayikra Rabbah section 34; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 352, see שְׁכוּנְתָּא.—[שְׁכוּנָא feminine, see שְׁכוּנְתָּא.] ↗ original

שְׁכוּנָה (the preceding) settlement, colony, group of dwellings. Avodah Zarah 21ᵃ ובלבד שלא יעשנה ש׳ provided that (in selling dwellings to a gentile) he does not make it a (gentile) settlement; the same place (ibid.) אין ש׳ וכ׳ a settlement consists of no less than three men (living in a group). Gittin 6ᵃ מש׳ לש׳ when the deed of divorce is carried from one group of buildings to another; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 43ᶜ top of the page Bereshith Rabbah section 39 וממולדתך זו שְׁכוּנָתְךָ ‘and out of thy moledeth’ (Genesis 12, 1) this means, thy settlement. Bereshith Rabbah section 64, see נָצִיב; and elsewhere—Vayikra Rabbah section 2 שכונתי some edition, see שְׁכִינָה. the neighbor’s privilege of preemption. Bava Metzia 68ᵃ; 108ᵇ (explained משכנתא) דש׳ גביה the right of preemption (accorded to neighbors) is with him (the mortgagee).—[שְׁכוּנָה Chaldaic (Aramaic), see next word] ↗ original

שְׁכוּנְתָּא settlement. — plural שְׁכוּנָן, עבד ש׳ to settle. Targum Job 15, 28. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 23, 33. group of buildings, neighborhood, quarter. Bereshith Rabbah section 17 שְׁכוּנְתֵּיה דר׳ יוסי וכ׳ the quarter in which R. J. the Galilean lived; Vayikra Rabbah section 34 הוות אזלא בכל שְׁכוּנַיָּא ובשכונתיה וכ׳ she went begging in all quarters, but in R. Jose’s quarter she did not go; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 352 בכל שְׁכוּנֵי דקרתא ובשְׁכוּנֵיה וכ׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 11, 34ᵇ bottom of the page שְׁכוּנָה דמשבקי the quarter in which my former husband lives.—plural שְׁכוּנָתָא. the same place (ibid.) לית הכא שְׁכוּנָת חורין וכ׳ are there no quarters of other people of the town? Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 665 בכל שְׁכוּנָתָה דקרתא וכ׳, see above; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׂכוֹר S’khor Bizzaé. Sanhedrin 95ᵃ (variant reading שכר); see, however, בִּזָּאֵי. ↗ original

שִׁכּוֹר drunk, intoxicated. Eruvin 64ᵃ ש׳ אל יתפלל an intoxicated person should not pray, contradistinguished to שתוי under the influence of wine. the same place (ibid.) שתוי … ש׳ שאין וכ׳ shathuy is he who could speak before a king (who could collect his mind, if he were suddenly summoned to speak etc.), shikkor is he who could not etc. Berachoth 31ᵇ ש׳ שמתפלל וכ׳ a drunk person that prays is like one worshipping an idol. Bamidbar Rabbah section 10; Tanchuma Sh’mini 11; and frequently ↗ original

שָׁכַח [to sink,] to forget, discard. Berachoth 32ᵇ (referring to Isaiah 49, 14) אדם … אתה עזבתני ושְׁכַחְתָּנִי if a man marries a woman after abandoning his first wife, he remembers the doings of his first wife, but thou hast abandoned me and also forgotten me. the same place (ibid.) כלום אֶשְׁכַּח עולות וכ׳ will I ever forget the burnt-offerings of rams and the first born that thou didst offer etc.? the same place (ibid.) שמא תִשְׁכַּח … סיני wilt thou forget what I did at Sinai? Peah 5, 7 העומר ששְׁכָחוּהוּ … ולא ש׳ וכ׳ a sheaf which the laborers overlooked in collecting, but the employer had not overlooked. the same place (ibid.) 7, 1 ושְׁכָחוֹ and he forgot it (left it on the tree). Avoth 3, 8 כל השׁוֹכֵחַ וכ׳, see מִשְׁנָה. Middoth 2, 5 שָׁכַחְתִּי מה וכ׳ I forgot what purpose it served; Yoma 16ᵃ; and very frequently—participle passive שָׁכוּחַ; feminine שְׁכוּחָה, a) (compare זָכוּר) forgetting. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 7ᵈ והיא ש׳ and she may forget herself, see שַׁחֲצָנִית.—b) forgotten. Bava Metzia 11ᵃ ש׳ מעיקרו a sheaf forgotten at the start (overlooked in collecting); זכור ולבסוף ש׳, see זָכַר. Berachoth the passage cited (referring to Isaiah the passage cited) היינו עזובה היינו ש׳ is not abandoned the same as forgotten? (Oxford manuscript עֲזִיבָה … שְׁכִיחָה …). Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁכֵּחַ same. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 5, 9ᵃ top לא במהרה הוא מְשַׁכֵּחַ will not easily forget it. Sanhedrin 99ᵃ כל … ומְשַׁכְּחָהּ וכ׳ he who studied the Law and neglects it (fails to review it) is like a woman that gives birth and buries; and elsewhere to cause forgetting. Avoth 2, 2 שיגיעת … מְשַׁכַּחַת עון (or מַשְׁכַּחַת) the employment of the mind in both of them causes man to forget sin. Tosefta Sotah 3, 12 אתם מְשַׁכְּחִין … אני אֲשַׁכֵּחַ וכ׳ you make the law of free trade forgotten among you, I will cause you to be forgotten in the world; Sanhedrin 109ᵃ, and elsewhere באו ונְשַׁכֵּחַ וכ׳, see רֶגֶל; and frequently Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁכִּיחַ same. Betzah 15ᵇ להַשְׁכִּיחוֹ, see זָכַר. Avoth the passage cited, see above; and elsewhere Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׁכַּח, Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתַּכֵּחַ, , Nithpa'el נִשְׁתַּכֵּחַ to be forgotten. Temurah 14ᵇ מוטב … ואל תִּשְׁתַּכֵּחַ וכ׳ (some edition תִּשָּׁבֵחַ) it is better that a law be uprooted (disregarded) than that the Law be forgotten in Israel. the same place (ibid.) 15ᵇ שלשה … נִשְׁתַּכְּחוּ וכ׳ three thousand traditional rules were forgotten during the days of mourning for Moses. the same place (ibid.) 16ᵃ אף … נִשְׁתַּכְּחָה וכ׳ also the rule concerning a sin offering whose owner died (before it was brought) was forgotten during etc. the same place (ibid.) שלא יִשְׁתַּכֵּחַ … מלבי that what I have learned be not forgotten out of my mind. Pesachim 54ᵇ על המת שישתכח מן הלב that the dead should be forgotten out of mind; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁכַח I Chaldaic (Aramaic) (Hebraism) same. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 4, 4ᵇ עד דשַׁכְחוּן כולן, see סוּלָּמָא Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁכַּח same. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 1, 18ᵈ top [read:] דאין … ולא מְשַכַּח יתיה that he may not have forgotten it, if Rab should ask him; and elsewhere Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּכַּח to be forgotten. Temurah 15ᵇ דאי׳ להו א׳ וכ׳ that which they forgot remained forgotten etc. Bava Metzia 85ᵃ יתיב … דלִשְׁתַּכַּח גמרא וכ׳ he fasted … praying that he may forget the Babylonian teaching. the same place (ibid.)ᵇ אי מִשְׁתַּכְּחַת תורה וכ׳ (Kethuboth 103ᵇ אם נשתכחה וכ׳), see פִּלְפּוּלָא. the same place (ibid.) עבדי … דלא תִשְׁתַּכַּח וכ׳ I brought it about that the Law be not forgotten etc.; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁכַח 2 Af'el אַשְׁכַּח (הַשְׁכַּח) (the preceding) [to uncover,] to find. Targum Psalms 36, 3 למַשְׁכַּח (edition Vilna edition למִ׳). Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 1, 17 (edition Vienna edition למִ׳). the same place (ibid.) 8, 17 (Pe interch. with Af'el). Targum Genesis 2, 20. the same place (ibid.) 8, 9 (Yerushalmi (prefix) some edition הַשְׁ׳). Targum Onkelos the same place (ibid.) 41, 38 הנַשְׁכַּח edition Berlin edition (edition Vienna edition a. other היִשְׁ׳, correct accordingly); Yerushalmi (prefix) הנִשְׁ׳; and frequently—Gittin 56ᵇ ליקלויה … דלא לַשְׁכְּחֵיה וכ׳ burn this man (me, Titus), and scatter the ashes …, that the God of the Jews may not find him and place him before judgment. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 1, 18ᵈ top א׳ תני וכ׳ he found that it was taught (in the Boraitha), Rabbi says etc. Yevamoth 110ᵇ אַשְׁכְּחִתֵיה לרב וכ׳ I found Rab A. and etc. Avodah Zarah 10ᵃ, and frequently נפק דק וא׳ וכ׳ he went forth, investigated, and found that etc. Makkoth 21ᵇ מי מַשְׁכַּחַת וכ׳ wouldst thou have found the jewel beneath?; Bava Metzia 17ᵇ לא משכחת, see דְּלֵי. Gittin 68ᵃ אַשְׁכְּחֵיה חמרא he found it to be wine; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 78, 45; Yalkut Shimoni Kings 182 אשכח. Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 77ᵇ וי דמובדין ולא מַשְׁכְּחִין woe for those who lose and do not find (who suffer an irretrievable loss)!; and frequently—Makkoth the passage cited, and frequently היכי משכחת לה how wilt thou find it, i.e. to what practical case can this be applied? Pesachim 7ᵃ בשלמא שבת משכחת לה וכ׳ as to the Sabbath, there may be a case, as, for instance, when the fourteenth day occurs on a Sabbath. Avodah Zarah 40ᵇ; and very frequently Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּכַּח, Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׁתְּכַח to be found. Targum Exodus 21, 16. the same place (ibid.) 22, 1; 3; and frequently—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 34, 8 הִשְׁתְּכָחוּ אכלין וכ׳ (= Hebrew נמצא) consequently they ate etc., see מָצָא.—Bava Metzia 16ᵇ הנהו … דמִשְׁתַּכְּחֵי בשוקא deeds of purchase that were found in the street. Shabbath 90ᵃ; Niddah 62ᵃ מִשְׁתַּכַּח, see אַשְׁלְגָא. Sanhedrin 111ᵃ; Shemoth Rabbah section 6, and elsewhere ולא מִשְׁתַּכְּחִין and are not found again (cannot be replaced), see חֲבַל 2; and frequently ↗ original

שִׁכְחָה (שָׁכַח) forgetting, forgetfulness. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 1, 16ᵇ bottom of the page; Yalkut Shimoni Micah 559, see שׁוֹכְחָן. Avoth 4, 22. Shabbath 31ᵇ שמא תאמר ש׳ היא מהן lest you say, they forget it (that their way leads to death); and frequently that which is forgotten, especially (with referring to Deuteronomy 24, 19) the forgotten sheaf, the poor man’s sheaf. Peah 6, 1 אינו ש׳ does not come under the law concerning a forgotten sheaf, does not belong to the poor. the same place (ibid.) 4 ושלאחריו ש׳ and a sheaf left behind the cutter belongs to the poor; Bava Metzia 11ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) לרבות שִׁכְחַת העיר to include a sheaf forgotten in town (at unloading). Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Vattom., p. 132ᵃ (referring to Isaiah 49, 14) כעומר הש׳ like the forgotten sheaf; and frequently ↗ original

שַׁכְחָן , see שׁוֹכְחָן ↗ original

שִׁכְחַת Shikhḥath. Bava Bathra 26ᵃ; Bava Kamma 91ᵇ Munich manuscript (edition שיבחה; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). Bava Bathra 126ᵇ (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 80). ↗ original

שְׁכִיב , see שְכֵב ↗ original

שָׁכִיב common gender (the preceding) lying; שְׁכִיב מרע dangerously ill, see מְרַע 2. dead, deceased. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 25, 5, and the following Targum Psalms 31, 13; and frequently—[Bava Metzia 73ᵇ, read: שְׁכִיבְנָא, see שְׁכֵב.]—plural שְׁכִיבַיָּא, שְׁכִיבִין, שְׁכִיבֵי. Targum Ruth 1, 8. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 4, 2 (not שכיבא); and elsewhere—Sanhedrin 46ᵇ, see יְקָרָא. Shabbath 109ᵇ בי ש׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) in the cemetery, see שֵׁיבָבָא; and elsewhere—5. שִׁכְבָּא. ↗ original

שְׁכִיבָה (שָׁכַב) lying down, lying position. Berachoth 11ᵃ (referring to Deuteronomy 6, 7) בשעת ש׳ ש׳ ממש וכ׳ at the time of lying down, (and) literally in a reclining position, and at the time of rising, (and) literally in an erect position (must the Sh’mʿa be recited, see קִימָה a correct quoted according). the same place (ibid.) 4ᵇ מקיש ש׳ לקימה וכ׳ the text (Deuteronomy the passage cited) puts lying down parallel to rising, as at rising (in the morning) the reading of the Sh’mʿa precedes the prayer (תְּפִלָּה), אף ש׳ וכ׳ so at lying down (in the evening) the reading of the Sh’mʿa precedes etc. the same place (ibid.) מאי קימה … אף ש׳ נמי סמוך למיטתו as in the morning the Sh’mʿa is read near the bed (immediately after rising), so in the evening the Sh’mʿa is read near the bed (before going to bed). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 3ᶜ מפני שכתוב בה ש׳ וקימה because lying down and rising are mentioned therein (in the chapter of Balaam, Numbers 23, 24; 24, 9). Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 3, 44ᵈ top; Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 1, 14 אחת לש׳ וכ׳ one mattress to lie on, and another etc.; and frequently lying with, carnal connection. Sanhedrin 54ᵇ (referring to Leviticus 18, 23) לא תתן שְׁכָבְתְּךָ … שְׁכִיבָתְךָ thou shalt not give thy sh’khobeth means, thou shalt not allow thy lying with (any connection, either active or passive); Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 348; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 599. Sanhedrin the passage cited לדברי … שכבתך ושכיבתך חדא היא according to R. ʿAk. he is guilty of one act only, for thy sh’khobeth and thy sh’khibah are the same. ↗ original

שְׁכִיחַ common gender (שְׁכַח 2) = Hebrew מָצוּי, found, on hand; frequent; likely.Ḥag. 5ᵃ, see זוּזָא I. Bava Metzia 85ᵇ דהוה ש׳ אליהו גביה whom Elijah used to visit. Taanith 23ᵇ משום דאתתא ש׳ וכ׳ because the wife is usually at home, and gives the poor bread etc., see הֲנָיָיה Chaldaic (Aramaic) Shabbath 78ᵃ יין שתייתו ש׳ … לא ש׳ wine is used ordinarily for drinking, extraordinarily for medicine. Betzah 2ᵇ, and frequently מילתא דלא ש׳ a case of rare occurrence. Shabbath the passage cited כל מילתא דש׳ ולא ש׳ whenever a thing is used ordinarily for one purpose, and rarely for another purpose; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁכִיחָה (שָׁכַח) forgetting, use of the root שָׁכַח. Echah Rabbah to 5, 20; Pesikta Rabbati section 31, see עֲזִיבָה; and elsewhere—Berachoth 32ᵇ Oxford manuscript, see שָׁכַח. ↗ original

שְׁכִיכָה (שָׁכַךְ) appeasement, use of the root שָׁכַךְ. Esther Rabbah to 1, 12; 2, 1 (referring to כְּשֹׁךְ the same place (ibid.)) ש׳ שאינה ש׳ it was an appeasement, and yet it was no appeasement, i.e. he was not reconciled without regret.—plural שְׁכִיכוֹת. Megillah 16ᵃ (referring to Esther 2, 1, a. 7, 10) שתי ש׳ הללו למה why these two appeasements?; Yalkut Shimoni Esther 1059 (not שכיכת). ↗ original

שְׁכֵין , see שְׁכַן ↗ original

שַׂכִּין , see סַכִּין ↗ original

שְׁכֵינָא = Hebrew שָכֵן, neighbor. Targum Proverbs 27, 10 manuscript (edition שִׁיכְנָא, שָׁכְ׳).—plural שְׁכֵינִין. Targum 2 Kings 4, 3 (see שֵׁיבָבָא). Targum Psalms 79, 4; 12 (edition Vilna edition שָׁכְנָנָא; edition Lagarde edition שיבב׳). ↗ original

שְׁכִינָא (שְׁכַן; compare שַׁכְבָּנָא) eyelid. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 32, 10, Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 32, 10 (some edition שִׁיכְנָא). ↗ original

שְׁכִינָה (שָׁכַן) royal residence, royalty. Vayikra Rabbah section 2 בא ואראך כבודי ובית שְׁכִינָתִי וכ׳ (not ביתי; some edition שכונתי) come, and I will show thee my honor and the house of my residence without thy mother; Yalkut Shimoni Ezekiel 340 כבודי ובית שבניתי לאמך (correct accordingly). Vayikra Rabbah the passage cited כלום פיחת כבודי ושכינתי has my honor or my royalty suffered (through thy mother’s absence)?; Yalkut Shimoni the passage cited כבודי או בית שבניתי לכם (correct accordingly).—Esp. Shechinah, Divine Presence, holy inspiration (see Exodus 25, 8, a. 22). Yoma 9ᵇ and the following אי נמי סליקו … לא הוה שריא ש׳ … אין הש׳ שורה וכ׳ even if all Jews had returned in Ezra’s days, the Sh. would not have dwelt in the second Temple, for it is written (Genesis 9, 27) …; the Sh. dwells only in the tents of Shem; Bereshith Rabbah section 36. Berachoth 6ᵃ לשלשה … שש׳ עמהם that when three sit as judges, the Sh. is with them. Shabbath 12ᵇ ש׳ למעלה וכ׳ the Sh. dwells over the headside of the sick man’s bed. the same place (ibid.) 30ᵇ; Pesachim 117ᵃ, see עֲצֵבוּת. Megillah 29ᵃ בכל מקום שגלו ש׳ עמהן whithersoever they were exiled, the Sh. went with them. Bava Bathra 25ᵃ ש׳ בכל מקום the Sh. Is everywhere (you may face any region in prayer). Rosh Hashanah 31ᵃ; and frequently (also in Chaldaic (Aramaic) diction). ↗ original

שְׁכִינָה ² Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Numbers 24, 6, Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 24, 6. Targum Exodus 17, 7. Targum Numbers 5, 3. Targum Ezekiel 3, 12; and frequently—Yoma 9ᵇ, see the preceding Sanhedrin 39ᵃ אמריתו … ש׳ שריא כמה שְׁכִינָתָא וכ׳ you say, wherever ten are assembled (for prayer), there the Sh. dwells; how many Shechinahs are there?; and frequently—plural שְׁכִינָתָא. the same place (ibid.) ↗ original

שָׂכִיר hired man. Eruvin 64ᵃ; Shevuoth 46ᵇ שְׂכִירוֹ וכ׳, see לָקִיט Hebrew Bava Metzia 9, 11 שְׂ׳ יום one hired for day work; ש׳ לילה for night work; ש׳ שעות by hours; ש׳ חדש by the month. the same place (ibid.) 112ᵇ (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) עקרוה … ושדיוה אַשָּׂ׳ the Rabbis took the oath from the employer, and put it on the hired man. the same place (ibid.) ש׳ נמי … איתגר the hired man, too, hires himself out from necessity; and frequently ↗ original

שְׂכִירוּת (the preceding) hire, rent. Bava Metzia 65ᵃ, and frequently ש׳ אינה משתלמת וכ׳ rent (for a house or a field) is not due before the end of the term. the same place (ibid.) 98ᵃ פלגיה דיומא בשאילה … בש׳ (I let thee have the two cows) half a day as a loan, and half a day for hire. the same place (ibid.) ודקיימא דש׳ היא and the cow that survived is the hired one. the same place (ibid.)ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original

שָׁכַךְ (Biblical Hebrew) to sink, (of anger) to be appeased. Shemoth Rabbah section 8 מיד שָׁכָכוּ they (the threatening gates) were at once appeased; (Tanchuma Vaëra 7 שקטו). Esther Rabbah to 1, 12 עד … לא שָׁכְכָה חמתו וכ׳ until Esther entered (the palace), Ahasver’s anger was not appeased; and elsewhere Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁכֵּךְ (with double accus.) to sink a thing into; ש׳ אוזן מה שהיא יכולה לשמוע to sink into the ear that which it is able to hear, i.e. to assist a person’s perception by gradual increase of sound, by a comparison etc. Mechilta Yithro, Bahod., section 3; 4 (referring to Exodus 19, 19) ולמה רך מתחלה כדי לְשַׁכֵּךְ וכ׳ (not כך) why was the sound soft at first (growing gradually stronger)? In order to bring into the ear as much etc.; the same place (ibid.) (referring to Exodus the passage cited 18) ומה תלמוד לומר כבשן לשכך וכ׳ why does the text say, ‘like the smoke of a furnace’? In order to assist the perception etc.; the same place (ibid.) (referring to Ezekiel 43, 2) הרי … מבריותיו לש׳ האזן we describe God by borrowing a metaphor from one of his creations in order to etc.; Tanchuma Yithro 13; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 284. ↗ original

שָׂכַל 1 see סָכַל I) to be bright. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׂכִּיל to be wise, understand; to consider, deliberate. Midrash Proverbs to 1, 3 כיון … צריך להַשְׂכִּיל היאך וכ׳ when a man is appointed judge, he must deliberate how to acquit the innocent etc.; צריך להשכיל ולדקדק וכ׳ he must study and investigate the law, that he may not sin or lead to sin; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 929 צריך להשכיל היאך לדקדק וכ׳ he must deliberate how to carry out the law exactly etc. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 32 (referring to I Samuel 18, 14, and the following) ומפני שהיה מַשְׂכִּיל היה כסוי חטאה and because he was wise, his sin was covered; and frequently to look towards, face; (compare סָכַם, a. כּוּן) to be directed. Bamidbar Rabbah section 14⁵; Pesikta Rabbati section 3 (referring to שִׂכֵּל את ידיו, Genesis 48, 14) הִשְׂכִּילוּ ידיו … לרוח הקדש Jacob’s hands were directed towards (pointed to) the holy spirit. ↗ original

שָׂכַל 2 to entangle, cross. Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׂכֵּל same, in a transferred sense to cause confusion. Pesikta Rabbati section 3 (referring to Genesis 48, 14) [read:] מהו ש׳ אמר ר׳ יהודה ש׳ ידיו … בבכורתו וכ׳ (אמר רבי ש׳, a dittography) he (God) made Jacob’s hands bring confusion into Menasseh’s birthright. ↗ original

שָׁכַל [to finish, consume,] to bereave (of everything), make childless; שָׁכֹל to be childless. participle passive שָׁכוּל; feminine שְׁכוּלָה; plural feminine שְׁכוּלוֹת. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 49 (see I Samuel 15, 33) כשם ששִׁכְּלָה … וישבו נשיהם ש׳ ואלמנות כן תִּשְׁכַּל וכ׳ as the sword of Amalek, thy (Haman’s) grandfather, consumed the young men …, and their women remained childless and widowed, so shall thy mother be childless among women; ובתפלת … ש׳ וכ׳ and through the prayer of Esther and her maids all males of Amalek were killed, and their women remained childless etc. Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁכֵּל to destroy, consume. the same place (ibid.), see above. Bamidbar Rabbah section 16²⁴ בראתי אותך שתהא מְשַׁכֵּל באומות וכ׳ I have created thee (the angel of death) to work destruction among the nations, except etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 86 דוב שהיתה מְשַׁכֶּלֶת בבני אדוניה a bear that worked destruction among the children of her owner; and elsewhere—participle passive מְשׁוּכָּל. Yalkut Shimoni Song of Songs 988 (referring to שכלה, Song of Songs 4, 2) כל מי שלומד מהם אינו מש׳ whoever learns from them (the scholars), shall not be bereft (injured). ↗ original

שְׁכַל , Ithpaal אִשְׁתַּכֵּל, see שׁכְלֵל. ↗ original

שִׂכְלָא , see סִכְלָא ↗ original

שִׁכְלוּל , see sub שִׁיכְ׳. ↗ original

שכלון , Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᶜ bottom of the page, see שַׁבְּלוּל ↗ original

שַׁכְלֵיל , see שַׁכְלֵל ↗ original

שִׁכְלֵל (Shaf. of כלל, compare שָׁכַל) to finish, decorate. Sanhedrin 38ᵃ למלך שבנה פלטרין גדולים ושִׁיכְלְלָן וכ׳ Munich manuscript (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) like a king who built great palaces and decorated them, and made arrangements therein for a large banquet etc. Pesikta Rabbati section 2 אין אתה מְשַׁכְלְלוֹ thou shalt not finish it (the Temple), opposite מיסדו laying the foundation; Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 144; and elsewhere Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתַּכְלֵל, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִשְׁתַּכְלֵל to be finished, decorated. Bereshith Rabbah section 10 (referring to ויכלו, Genesis 2, 1) נִשְׁתּכְלְלוּ השמים בחמה … ונִשְׁתַּכְלְלָה הארץ וכ׳ the heavens were decorated with sun, moon, and stars, and the earth with trees and herbs, and with the garden of Eden; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 15 נִתְכַּלְּלוּ … ונִתְכַּלְּלָה. to be founded. Tanchuma K’doshim 10 (referring to מכלל, Psalms 50, 2) מציון נש׳ כל וכ׳ from Zion was the whole world founded, as we have learned (Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 5, 42ᶜ), why is it called foundation stone? etc., see שְׁתִיָּה 2. ↗ original

שַׁכְלֵל to finish, decorate. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 31, 17. Targum Ezekiel 27, 4; 11; and frequently—participle pass. מְשַׁכְלַל; feminine מְשַׁכְלְלָא perfect. the same place (ibid.) 3. the same place (ibid.) 28, 12 (edition Vilna edition מְשֻׁכְלַל, Hebr.); and elsewhere to fasten, establish, found. Targum Isaiah 42, 5 (Hebrew text רקע). Targum I Samuel 2, 8 (Hebrew text וישת). Targum Habakkuk 2, 12 (Hebrew text כונן); and frequently Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּכְלֵל to be finished, decorated. Targum Onkelos Genesis 2, 1. Targum I Kings 6, 38. Targum Psalms 119, 96 דאשתרי וא׳ edition Lagarde edition (edition Vilna edition דאשתדל ואשתכל, correct accordingly) that which was begun and has been finished; and frequently to be founded. Targum I Kings 6, 37 (Hebrew text יסד). Targum Haggai, Book of 2, 18; and frequently ↗ original

שָׂכַם , Hif'il הִשְׂכִּים, see סָכַם. ↗ original

שָׁכַם , Hif'il הִשְׁכִּים (Biblical Hebrew; [to load, see Ges. Thes. under the word,] to rise early; to do a thing early. Berachoth 30ᵃ ה׳ לצאת לדרך if one rises early (before sunrise) to go on the road; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 19. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 5, 11 (play on שחרות כעורב, the same place (ibid.); compare שׁחַר) מַשְׁכִּים ומעריב (Vayikra Rabbah section 19 משחיר), see עָרַב 2. Bava Metzia 7, 1 if one hired working men, ואמר להן להַשְׁכִּים וכ׳ and told them that he expected them to come to their work earlier and go later (than the customary time). Berachoth 47ᵇ לעולם יַשְׁכִּים אדם וכ׳ a man should always go early to the house of prayer, that he may succeed in being counted among the earliest ten etc. the same place (ibid.) 16ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, 7ᵈ bottom of the page ונַשְׁכִּים ונמצא וכ׳ that we may early (in life) obtain etc., see יִחוּל. Bava Kamma 92ᵇ הַשְׁכֵּם ואכול take an early breakfast. Gittin 7ᵃ הַשְׁכֵּם והערב עליהן והם וכ׳ (omit לבה"מ) pray against them (the tormentors) early and late, and they shall cease of themselves; and frequently—Bikkurim 3, 2 ולִמַשְׁכִּים היה וכ׳ and at rising time etc. ↗ original

שְׁכֶם 1 (Biblical Hebrew) shoulder. Bereshith Rabbah section 53 (referring to Genesis 21, 14) שכן דרך עבדים … על שִׁכְמָם for such is the manner of slaves, to carry their filled pitchers on their shoulder; and elsewhere load; in a transferred sense (compare מַשָּׂא, סִבָּלוֹן) portion, share. Bereshith Rabbah section 97, end (referring to Genesis 48, 22) ש׳ זו הבכורה by sh’khem is meant the share of the first-born; Bava Bathra 123ᵃ; and elsewhere mountain range, see next word ↗ original

שְׁכֶם 2 (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Shechem, son of Hamor the Hivite. Makkoth 11ᵃ, and elsewhere, see גְּזַר. Sotah 22ᵇ, see שִׁיכְמִי; and frequently proper noun of a place Shechem in Mount Ephraim. Bereshith Rabbah section 97, end (referring to Genesis 48, 22, see the preceding) זו ש׳ ודאי it means Shechem in reality. the same place (ibid.) (in a corrupt passage) לפיכך תהא הש׳ בחלקך therefore shall the district of Sh. (or the mountain range, see the preceding) be in thy share. the same place (ibid.) בש׳ נפרצה וכ׳ in Sh. did unchastity break out, and thou didst fence it in (setting the example of chastity), therefore etc. Bamidbar Rabbah section 23, see נִיפּוֹלִין; and frequently ↗ original

שִׁכְמִי , see שִׁיכְמִי ↗ original

שָׁכַן see כון, to dwell, rest. Chullin 65ᵃ ש׳ עם הטמאים טמא a bird (of which you do not know whether it is clean or unclean) that nests with unclean birds, is unclean. Bava Kamma 92ᵇ (quoted from an unknown writing, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 7) כל עוף למינו יִשְׁכּוֹן וכ׳ every bird nests with its kind, and man with his like; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 116; Yalkut Shimoni Judges 67. Tanchuma Noah 15 אין הקללה שׁוֹכֶנֶת וכ׳ (Bereshith Rabbah section 36 הוָֹה) curse does not rest (take effect) where blessing has been pronounced; and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁיכֵּן, שִׁכֵּן to cause to dwell, establish. Berachoth 12ᵃ מי שש׳ את שמו הוא יַשְׁכִּין וכ׳ may he who caused his name to dwell in this house, let dwell among you love and brotherhood etc. the same place (ibid.) 16ᵇ שתְּשַׁכֵּן (or שתַּשְׁכֵּן), see פּוּר. Bereshith Rabbah section 64 (referring to שְׁכֹן, Genesis 26, 2) שׁכֵּן השכינה בארץ let the Shechinah rest in the land (do not cause the Shechinah to move with thee to a foreign land); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 111. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 36 איני יכול לשַׁכֵּן שכינתי עליך וכ׳ I cannot let my Shechinah (holy inspiration) rest upon thee in a foreign land; and frequently—2) to make prosperous. Bamidbar Rabbah section 14³ שבשבילו ש׳ ה׳ לאדוניו because for his (Joseph’s) sake the Lord prospered his master; [Matt. K.; the Lord revealed himself to his master, see Bereshith Rabbah section 86, end].—[Bereshith Rabbah section 34 שיכן בזכות, see שִׁיכּוּן.] Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁכִּין to cause to dwell. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 5, 1 (referring to Psalms 37, 29) יַשְׁכִּינוּ לשכינה וכ׳ they cause the Shechinah to dwell on earth; the same place (ibid.) הצדיקים הִשְׁכִּינוּ וכ׳ the righteous (Abraham, Isaac etc.) brought the Shechinah down to earth. Berachoth 12ᵃ, see above; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁכַן to dwell, sit, nest. Targum Psalms 104, 12 manuscript (edition יִשְׁרוּן).—Bereshith Rabbah section 65 וכל עוף דש׳ וכ׳ and whatever bird will nest with it (the starling, see זַרְזִיר 2), to its kind will it belong; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 794 דיִשְׁכּוֹן; the same place (ibid.) אתא … וש׳ גביה the Egyptian raven came and joined it; and elsewhere to rest, settle. Chullin 26ᵇ שָׁכְנֵי תיתאי, see קְפֵי. the same place (ibid.) 111ᵇ, see קְפֵי. Pa'el פִּעֵל שִׁכֵּן to cause to dwell. Targum Song of Songs 3, 10 (not דשְׁכֵין). to fix, appoint. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 39ᵈ top שַׁכְּנִית, see ארקליס. ↗ original

שָׁכֵן the preceding) settler, neighbor. Kethuboth 85ᵇ ש׳ ותלמיד חכם וכ׳ if a neighbor (of the deceased) and a scholar (of the same name claim a legacy), the scholar is preferred; Bava Metzia 108ᵇ ש׳ ותלמיד וכ׳ if a neighbor and a scholar want to buy a field, the scholar has the preemption. Avoth 1, 7 הרחק מש׳ רע keep away from a bad neighbor. the same place (ibid.) 2, 9. Nega'im 12, 6 (proverb) אוי לרשע אוי לשְׁכֵנוֹ woe to the wicked, and woe to his neighbor; Bamidbar Rabbah section 18⁵; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, end, 42ᵃ (mixed dict.) ש׳ חד הוה לנא וכ׳ we had one (gentile) neighbor etc.—plural שְׁכֵנִים, שְׁכֵי׳. Kethuboth the passage cited שניהם קרובים ושניהם ש׳ וכ׳ if both claimants are relatives (of the deceased), or both neighbors, or both scholars, it is left to the discretion of the judges (see שׁוּדָא). Bava Metzia the passage cited שְׁכֵינֵי העיר ושְׁכֵינֵי שדה וכ׳ if neighbors in the town and neighbors in the field (want to buy a field), the city neighbors have the pre-emption. Sotah 1, 4 (address to the suspected adulteress) הרבה ש׳ הרעים וכ׳ bad neighbors do much (may have influenced you). Kethuboth 72ᵃ שמשיאתו שם רע בשְׁכֵינָיו she is the cause of his bearing a bad name among his neighbors; and frequently—Fem. שְׁכֵנָה, שְׁכֵי׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 2, end, 61ᵈ שְׁכֵינָתוֹ היתה it was his neighbor’s wife that did it; ויש … על שכינתו is a man punished for what his neighboress does?; and elsewhere—plural שְׁכֵינוֹת. Kethuboth the passage cited משיאה … בשְׁכֵיניֹתֶיהָ he is the cause of her bearing a bad name among her neighbors; and elsewhere ↗ original

שָׁכֵן ² , see שְׁכֵינָא ↗ original

שְׁכַנְיָה 1 (see שְׁכִינָא) one having abnormally long eye-brows. Tosefta Bechoroth 5, 2, and the following, explained שגביניו שוכבין; (Bechoroth 44ᵃ שכבנא). ↗ original

שְׁכַנְיָה 2 (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Shechaniah, the tenth in the order of priests’ divisions. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Haʿomer, p. 69ᵇ (not שב׳); and elsewhere, see יֵשׁוּעַ. ↗ original

שְׁכַנְצִיב Sh’khanzib in Babylonia. Yevamoth 37ᵇ; Moed Katan 28ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original

שַׁכָּף (שכף; see אוּשְׁכָּפָא) saddler, shoemaker, worker in leather. Tosefta Kelim Bava Bathra 1, 15, see מַכְבֵּשׁ. ↗ original

שַׁכָּפָא Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 11, end, 42ᵃ עולא ש׳ ‘U. the shoemaker. ↗ original

שָׂכַר to hire, engage; to rent. Bava Metzia 6, 1 השׂוֹכֵר את וכ׳ if one engages artisans (through an agent). the same place (ibid.) 8, 2 שאלה … ושְׂכָרָהּ וכ׳ if he borrowed the cow for half a day, and hired her for half a day. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 9, 1, and the following השׂוֹכֵר שדה if one rents a field; and very frequently—שׂוֹכֵר hirer, employer; tenant. Bava Metzia 103ᵃ ש׳ מהימן בשבועה the employer is believed on his oath (that he has paid the wages). the same place (ibid.) 102ᵇ כוליה לש׳ the whole (rent for the thirteenth month of the leap year) goes to the tenant, i.e. he need not pay extra rent for the intercalated month; and very frequently—Esp. שוכר tenant of land for rent payable in money, contradistinguished to חכיר. Tosefta Demai 6, 2 ש׳ במעות וכ׳ the sokher pays the rent in cash, the ḥakkir (or ḥokher) in kind; and frequently—participle passive שָׂכוּר; feminine שְׂכוּרָה. Bava Metzia 8, 2 if the hirer says, ש׳ מתה it is the hired cow that died; ביום שהיתה ש׳ מתה she died on the day when I used her for hire; בשעה … ש׳ וכ׳ she died at that time of the day when I used her for hire; and frequently Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׂכִּיר to lease, let. Bava Bathra 110ᵃ לעולם יַשְׂכִּיר אדם את עצמו וכ׳ a man should hire himself out for etc., see עֲבוֹרָה. Bava Metzia 8, 7 המַשְׂכִּיר … המשכיר וכ׳ if one lets a house …, the landlord has to furnish etc. the same place (ibid.) 8 ה׳ לו להדשים … למשכיר if he let the house by the month, … the landlord has the benefit of the intercalated month, see עָבַר. Pesachim 4ᵃ על המ׳ לבדוק the landlord is obliged to search the house for leavened matter; and frequently (denominative of שָׂכָר) to cause to profit, to benefit. Tanchuma edition Buber edition, Vayesheb 13 צריך … משכיר אותו (not משביר) a man must pray for the welfare of him that benefits him. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׂכַּר (denominative of שָׂכָר) to be rewarded, benefited; to have the advantage. Yevamoth 92ᵇ אם כן מצינו חוטא נִשְׂכָּר if this be the law, then he that sinned would be at an advantage; Kethuboth 11ᵃ, and elsewhere שלא יהא חוטא נ׳ it is done in order that the sinner should not be at an advantage. Pesachim 50ᵇ; Tosefta Yevamoth 4, 8, see זָרִיז; and frequently Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׂתַּכּר, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִשְׂתַּכֵּר to profit; to deal in. Tanchuma the passage cited לפי … מִשְׂתַּכֵּר מצאנו וכ׳ because Jacob was benefited by his flock etc. Pesikta Rabbati section 40 ונִשְׂתַּכַּרְתִּי, see נָצַח. Pesachim the passage cited המשתכר בקנים וכ׳ he that deals in reeds and vessels. the same place (ibid.) 54ᵇ ואין אדם יודע במה משתכר and no man knows which of his enterprises will turn out profitable; Mechilta Beshallach, Vayass‘a, section 5. Bava Bathra 91ᵃ אין מִשְׂתַּכְּרִין בא"י וכ׳ in Palestine you must not be a dealer in provisions, as wine etc. (serve as middleman between producer and consumer); Tosefta Avodah Zarah 4 (5), 1; and frequently ↗ original

שָׂכַר ² to fill up, dam, see סָכר, סְכַר.—Sanhedrin 95ᵃ, see בִּזָּאי, a. שְׂכוֹר. ↗ original

שָׂכָר wages, profit, reward. Shevuoth 8, 1, and elsewhere נושא ש׳ he that receives wages (for watching), see שׁוֹמֵר. Sukkah 29ᵇ שְׂכַר שכיר, see עָשַׁק. Bava Metzia 112ᵃ כל הכובש שְׂ׳ וכ׳ he that delays the payment of the hired man’s wages, is considered as if taking his life. Avoth 5, 11 יצא שְׂכָרוֹ וכ׳, see הֶפְסֵד. Bava Kamma 116ᵃ, and elsewhere אין לו אלא שְׂכָרוֹ he can claim only the ordinary laborer’s pay, see שָׁלֵם 2; and frequently—Esp. divine reward. Eruvin 22ᵃ (referring to Deuteronomy 7, 11) היום לעשותם … למחר לקכל שְׂכָרָם ‘to do them to-day’, and not to do them to-morrow (do not procrastinate); ‘to do them to-day’, and to receive the reward for them tomorrow (expect not immediate reward). the same place (ibid.) 65ᵃ לא נכרא יין … לשלם ש׳ לרשעים wine has been created for the purpose of comforting (cheering up) mourners and paying reward to the wicked (for what good they may do, in this world); Bamidbar Rabbah section 10⁴. Avoth 2, 16 נאמן … שְׂכַר פעולתך thy employer may be trusted that he will pay thee the wages due for thy work. the same place (ibid.) ודע שמתן שְׂכָרָם וכ׳ but keep in mind that the reward of the righteous is reserved for the hereafter; and frequently—בִּשְׂכַר as a reward for, on account of (compare זְבוּת). Sotah 11ᵇ בש׳ נשים צדקניות וכ׳ for the sake of the righteous women of that generation were the Israelites redeemed; Shemoth Rabbah section 1. Chullin 88ᵇ בש׳ שאמר וכ׳ as a reward for what Abraham our father said (Genesis 18, 27) etc. Shemoth Rabbah section 45 בש׳ שלש זכה לשלש on account of three things he (Moses) was granted three things; בש׳ ויסתר וכ׳ on account of ‘he hid his face’ (Exodus 3, 6) etc.; and frequently—[Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 371 שכרן, read: שִׂבְרָן, see סֵבֶר.] ↗ original

שָׁכַר (Biblical Hebrew) to fill, saturate; to drink freely.—participle passive שָׁכוּר; feminine שְׁכוּרָה. Taanith 22ᵇ לא ש׳ ולא צמאה וכ׳ that the soil be neither soaked nor thirsty, but between the two extremes. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 35 (referring to Isaiah 51, 21) וממה את ש׳ מן הצרות וכ׳ and wherefrom art thou drunk? From the troubles, but not from too much wine; and elsewhere Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁכֵּר to make drunk, intoxicate. Eruvin 64ᵇ דרך … מְשַׁכַּרְתּוֹ walking (after drinking) makes him unsteady, and sleep makes him drunk; Taanith 17ᵇ. Eruvin the passage cited רביעית … מְשַׁכֵּר one fourth of a Log of Italian wine intoxicates. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 4 ועשו … ושִׁכְּרַתּוֹ וכ׳ they made a great feast, and she made him drink more than enough; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 15; and elsewhere Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל חִשְׁתַּכֵּר, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִשְׁתַּכֵּר to be, become intoxicated. Kethuboth 8ᵇ התחילו … ומִשְׁתַּכְּרִין וכ׳ when they began to drink (at the mourners’ meals) and get intoxicated etc. Sanhedrin 42ᵃ אל יִשְׁתַּכְּרוּ, see רָז. Esther Rabbah to 3, 9 אכלו ושתו ונִשְׁתַּכְּרוּ וכ׳ they ate and drank, and became drunk, and acted disgracefully. Bamidbar Rabbah section 10⁸ דברים שלא יִשְׁתַּכֵּר מהם things from which one cannot become intoxicated; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁכַר Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁכֵּר to make drunk. Vayikra Rabbah section 12 אשקוניה ושַׁכְּרוּנֵיה וכ׳ they gave him drink, and made him drunk, and carried him out etc. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּכַּר to drink freely. Berachoth 9ᵃ אִשְׁתַּכּוּר בהלולא וכ׳ they drank freely at the wedding of etc. (and slept beyond the time of prayer). ↗ original

שֵׁכָר the preceding) intoxicating drink. Bamidbar Rabbah section 10⁸ (referring to Numbers 6, 3) והלא יין הוא ש׳ וש׳ וכ׳ are not yayin and shekhar the same?; יין זה חי וש׳ זה מזוג yayin is unmixed wine, and shekhar is mixed wine; and elsewhere—Esp. beer of dates or barley. Pesachim 3, 1 ש׳ המדי Median beer, explained the same place (ibid.) 42ᵇ דרמו ביה מי שערי date beer into which they put a concoction of barley. the same place (ibid.) 107ᵃ אין מקדשין על הש׳ you must not pronounce the Ḳiddush (קִידּוּשׁ) over beer; and frequently ↗ original

שִׁכְרָא Targum Proverbs 20, 1. the same place (ibid.) 31, 4; 6; and frequently—Pesachim 107ᵃ לא הוה לן חמרא … ש׳ we had no wine, and we offered him beer (for Habdalah). the same place (ibid.) אישתי … ולא אישתי ש׳ I would rather drink flax-water than drink beer; and frequently ↗ original

שִׁכָּרָא masculine = Hebrew שִׁכּוֹר. Tanchuma Sh’mini 11 וקורין בתרוי חזו ש׳ and they cried after him, see that drunken man! ↗ original

שִׁכָּרוּת (the preceding words) fulness, plenty. Sukkah 49ᵇ (referring to Numbers 28, 7). לשון שתייה לשון שביעה לשון ש׳ expressing drinking, fill, plenty; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, 54ᵈ top לשון חיבה … ש׳; Bamidbar Rabbah section 21¹⁷; Tanchuma Pinḥ. 12; and elsewhere, see רְוִיָּה. drunkenness. Bamidbar Rabbah section 10² [read:] מנבל פיו ומדבר דברים רעים בש׳ וכ׳ he defiles his mouth and talks bad words in his drunkenness, and is not ashamed. Ib.⁸ עמדו … מתוך הש׳ they stood up and smote one another in their drunkenness. Eruvin 65ᵃ ל"ש … לשִׁיכָּרוּתוֹ של לוט וכ׳ this (that the drunken man can be held to legal responsibility) has been taught only, when he has not reached the degree of Lot’s drunkenness (unconsciousness), but when he has etc. Bava Metzia 90ᵇ (referring to Leviticus 10, 9) בשעת ביאה לא תהא ש׳ at the time of entering (the Temple for service) no effect of the wine should be felt; and frequently ↗ original

שִׁכְשׁוּךְ (שִׁכְשֵׁךְ 2) dabbling. Avodah Zarah 58ᵃ וכי ש׳ עושה יין נסך Munich manuscript (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note; edition והא מר הוא דאמר שיכשך אין וכ׳, read: שיכשוך) does dabbling (in wine) make it forbidden (see נֶסֶךְ)?—the same place (ibid.) 57ᵇ, see שַׁכְשֵׁךְ. ↗ original

שִׁכְשֵׁךְ 1 (seeשָׁכַךְ) to quiet, soothe, pat. Tanchuma edition Buber edition, Ki Thetsé 6 מְשַׁכְשְׁכוֹ והוא בולם one pats him (the horse), and he kicks (see בָּלַם 2); Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 938; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 719 משכשכתו (correct accordingly); Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Zakhor, p. 24ᵇ מְכַשְׁכְּשׁוֹ. ↗ original

שִׁכְשֵׁךְ 2 (transpos. of כשכש) to knock about, shake; to dabble. Menachoth 23ᵃ הוא עצמו מְשַׁכְשְׁכוֹ בשירי הלוג (Rashi seems to read: משפשפו) he himself wipes it (the meal offering) in the remainder of the Log of oil; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 474. Avodah Zarah 33ᵇ מְשַׁכְשְׁכָן במים וכ׳ he washes them (the vessels) in water, and they are permitted. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 3, 42ᵃ bottom of the page ואחרים מְשַׁכְשְׁכִין בו (not בהן) and other people dabble in it (put in vessels or their hands to lap of it); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 8 משתמשין. ↗ original

שַׁכְשֵׁךְ Avodah Zarah 57ᵇ שדא ביה ידיה ש׳ ביה Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition שדיה … שיכשוך, correct accordingly; Munich manuscript ושִׁיכְשֵׁךְ, Hebr. form) he put his hand in and dabbled in it (see the preceding) ↗ original

שַׁל see שַׁלְוָה) carelessness, negligence. Sotah 35ᵃ (explained 2 Samuel 7, 7) על עיסקי שַׁלּוֹ for his careless handling (of the Ark); Bamidbar Rabbah section 4²⁰; Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 142; Bamidbar Rabbah section 21¹² על השל מפני ששגגת וכ׳ ‘for the carelessness’, because an involuntary act of a scholar counts as a wilful active ↗ original

שַׁל ² , see שַׁלְצִיּוֹן ↗ original

שֶׁל , see שֶׁ־) belonging to, of. Avoth 2, 2 בנו של ר׳ וכ׳ the son of etc. the same place (ibid.) 12 יהי ממון … כשֶׁלְּךָ let thy neighbor’s property be as dear to thee as thine own. the same place (ibid.) 5, 10 האומר שֶׁלִּי שלי ושֶׁלְּךָ שֶׁלָּךְ he who says, what is mine is mine, and what is thine is thine. Bava Metzia 1, 1 זה אומר כולה שלי וכ׳ one says, it belongs entirely to me etc. the same place (ibid.) 30ᵃ שהיתה מלאכה שֶׁלּוֹ … משל חבירו when his own work is more valuable than that required for his neighbor, i.e. when by helping his neighbor he would lose more than he could save for his neighbor. Bereshith Rabbah section 49 אמרו לו מה נאמר … שאכלנו מִשֶּׁלּוֹ they (the strangers entertained by Araham) said to him, what shall we say? Said he, say, blessed be the God of the world of whose belongings we have partaken; and very frequently—Kiddushin 57ᵇ שחוט שלי בשלי וכ׳ (not לי) slaughter what is owing to me (the sacrifice) on what belongs to me (on Temple grounds), and what is for thee, on thy own ground. ↗ original

שְׁלָא , see שְׁלֵי ↗ original

שַׁלְאֲהוּתָא (שַׁלְהֵי) weariness. Targum Lamentations 3, 65 (edition Vienna edition שלאח׳, correct accordingly; Hebrew text תאל׳). ↗ original

שלאכא , see שְׁלָבָא ↗ original

שְׁלַב , Pa'el שַׁלֵּב (Biblical Hebrew , see לָבַב) to join, fit in with mortise and tenon. participle passive מְשַׁלַּב; plural מְשַׁלְּבִין. Targum Onkelos Exodus 26, 17; 36, 22.—Kiddushin 73ᵇ top מְשַׁלְּבֵי הדמיה R. Ḥan. (edition משלטי) if the limbs (of the exposed infant) are set (see עָצַב). ↗ original

שַׁלְבּוּקִין (see שִׁלְבֵּק) pustules. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Exodus 9, 9, and the following (Yerushalmi (prefix) I שַׁלְפּוּקִין). ↗ original

שְׁלַבִּיּוֹת (שלב) wedges. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 1, 52ᶜ top; the same place (ibid.) 52ᵇ bottom of the page שלכ׳ (correct accordingly; Babylonian Sukkah 12ᵇ חיצין). ↗ original

שְׁלַבִּין mortised boards, steps of a ladder. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 68ᵇ bottom of the page ועושה אותן כמין ש׳ וכ׳ he gave them the form of mortised boards and joined them, so as to make them look like a ladder. ↗ original

שִׁלְבֵּק (compare Samuel שלבק, Exodus 3, 3 ישתלבק, Hebrew text יבער) to cause blisters. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 5, 30ᵃ bottom of the page מפני … ומְשַׁלְבֶּקֶת את חשפיות (edition Krot. ומשלבקתן, correct accordingly) because it makes the mouth sore (see סָרַח I), and blisters the lips; (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 61ᵇ מְשַׁרְבֵּט). ↗ original

שלברית , Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 2, 18ᵃ top, see בְּרוֹת ↗ original

שלבת , Kelim 25, 4, see כַּתְּ ↗ original

שַׁלְבִּשׁ (compare שְׁלַב) to pass a bolt; to bolt (compare שְׁלַבִּיּוֹת). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 26, 28 (Hebrew text מבריח). the same place (ibid.) 36, 33 לשַׁלְבָּשָׁא (not לשַׁלִּבְ׳; Hebrew text לברח). 5. שַׁלְוֵושׁ. ↗ original

שֶׁלֶג (Biblical Hebrew) snow. Niddah 17ᵃ ש׳ אינו לא אוכל וכ׳ snow belongs neither to the class of solid food nor of liquids (for Levitical law). Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 77ᵃ bottom of the page two paths אחד … של ש׳ one of fire and the other of snow; Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 28. Tanchuma R’eh 13, and elsewhere, see צַלְמָוֶת; and frequently—plural שְׁלָגִים, שְׁלָגִין. Niddah the passage cited Tosefta Sanhedrin 2, 12. Pesachim 94ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original

שַׁלְגָא , see אַשְׁלְגָא ↗ original

שֶׁלֶד (contracted of שחלד, see חָלַד; compare שודא a. שוחדא) a mass of a burnt or decayed body distinguishable in shape and outlines. Niddah 27ᵇ, and the following מת שנשרף ושִׁלְדּוֹ קיימת if a corpse has been burnt, and its remains have retained the shape of the body. Moed Katan 25ᵃ. Niddah 56ᵃ שרץ שיבש ושלדו וכ׳ a creeping thing that is dried up, but whose shape is still discernible; and elsewhere—plural שְׁלָדוֹת. Echah Rabbah to 4, 17 רמז הקב"ה לשַׁלְדּוֹתֵיהֶן וכ׳ the Lord motioned to their (the drowned Egyptians’) remains, and they came up floating etc.; מה טיבן של ש׳ הללו what is the nature of these skeletons? ↗ original

שִׁלְדָּא , decayed carcass. Targum Job 20, 23 (Hebrew text לחום).—Bava Kamma 31ᵇ, and the following דפסקה לאורחא כש׳ it blocks the road like a carcass.—plural שִׁלְדִּין, שִׁי׳; construct state שִׁלְדֵּי, שִׁי׳ flakes of flesh. Targum Job 41, 15 (some edition שַׁלְדּי; Hebrew text מפלי). ↗ original

שָׁלָה , see שלי ↗ original

שְׁלָה (see שָׁלֵו) to hang down; denominative שִׁלְהֵי. (denominative of שִׁלְהֵי) to end, complete. Targum Isaiah 10, 32 כד יִשְׁלֶה עלמא וכ׳ (probably to be read: יַשְׁלֶה) when the world shall have completed its (Messianic) period; (Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Exodus 12, 42 יַשְׁלִים). to be at ease; see שַׁלְהַיָּא. ↗ original

שִׁלְהֵב (Shaf. of להב) to burn, glow. participle passive מְשׁוּלְהָב. Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 5 ובשעה … הוא מש׳ (not משולהבת) when the sun wants to go forth, it is glowing hot. ↗ original

שַׁלְהֵב Targum Psalms 106, 18 (Hebrew text להט). the same place (ibid.) 21, 10 manuscript (edition סלעם; Hebrew text בלע). Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּלְהַב to be burned; to flame. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 32, 1. Targum Onkelos the same place (ibid.) 9, 24 (Hebrew text מתלקח׳). ↗ original

שַׁלְהֵבָא , see שַׁלְהוֹבָא ↗ original

שַׁלְהֶבֶת the preceding words) flame, flaming fire. Bava Kamma 59ᵇ, and elsewhere מסר לו ש׳ if he gave him (the child etc.) flaming fire, opposite גחלת; see לָבָה; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 6, 5ᶜ top of the page Betzah 5, 5 הגחלת … והש׳ בכל מקום if one takes burning coal from his neighbor on the Holy Day, he may carry it only as far as the owner is permitted to walk, but if he lights his own wood from the neighbor’s fire, he may carry it everywhere; and frequently—plural שַׁלְהֲבוֹת, שַׁלְהוֹבוֹת. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 51 מימי … שַׁלְהֲבוֹתָיו של שמש וכ׳ the waters of the ocean extinguish the flames of the sun, and it has no brightness and no flame the whole night; וכשיבא … ולובש שַׁלְהוֹבוֹתָיו וכ׳ and when it comes to the east, it bathes in a river of fire …, and puts on its flames and rises etc. ↗ original

שַׁלְהוֹבָא , masculine Chaldaic (Aramaic) same. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 4, 11. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Exodus 19, 18.—plural שַׁלְהוֹבִין, שַׁלְהוֹבַיָּא. Targum Psalms 29, 7 (manuscript שלהובית). Targum Isaiah 13, 8. the same place (ibid.) 29, 6. ↗ original

שַׁלְהוֹבִיתָא same. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 30, 25. Targum Onkelos Exodus 3, 2; and frequently—plural שַׁלְהוֹבְיָין. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 20, 2, and the following ↗ original

שִׁלְהֲוֵי (שַׁלְהֵי) weariness. Targum Isaiah 8, 22. ↗ original

שִׁלְחֵי (used as singular) (שְׁלָה) tail, end. Targum 2 Chronicles 20, 16.—Yevamoth 115ᵃ בש׳ הלוליה (not הלולי) at the end of his wedding (when he was left alone with his bride). Yoma 29ᵃ ש׳ … קשיא וכ׳ (fem.), see קַיְטָא. Berachoth 40ᵇ, see גּוֹפָן. Bava Metzia 64ᵃ, see פִּרְקָא; and elsewhere ↗ original

שַׁלְהֵי 1 (Shaf. of לְהֵי) to weary. Targum Lamentations 3, 5 וש׳ אינון = ושַׁלְהֵיאִינוּן and wearied them (Hebrew text ותלאה). the same place (ibid.) 65 (not שלחי). Targum Job 16, 7 שַׁלְהֲיַינִי (edition Vilna edition שילהיני, correct accordingly). Targum Isaiah 32, 6; and elsewhere—participle passive מְשַׁלְהֵי; feminine מְשַׁלְהֲיָא, מְשַׁלְהִיתָא; plural מְשַׁלְהִין, מְשַׁלְהֲיָין, מְשַׁלְהַן. Targum Genesis 25, 29, and the following Targum Isaiah 44, 12. the same place (ibid.) 41, 17. Targum Proverbs 25, 25 (edition Vilna edition מְשַׁלְהֲתָא). Targum Deuteronomy 25, 18. Targum Judges 8, 4, and the following; and elsewhere—Bereshith Rabbah section 24 (transl. יעטוף, Isaiah 57, 16) מש׳ ליה it (the wind) gets tired; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᵈ top; Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 6; Yalkut Shimoni Kings 219 משלהי. Koheleth Rabbah to 3, 9 הוה עליל מש׳ מש׳ וכ׳ he used to come around exhausted (thirsty) and take it etc.—Moed Katan 2ᵃ (quoted frequently Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 25, 18). Ishtaf. אִשְׁתַּלְהֵי to be wearied, faint. Targum Psalms 102, 1. the same place (ibid.) 68, 10; and frequently ↗ original

שַׁלְהֵי 2 (the preceding) = משלהי, tired. Targum I Chronicles 21, 12.—plural שַׁלְהֵי. Berachoth 6ᵃ הני ברכי דש׳ (Munich manuscript margin דמשלהי) those knees that are wearied. ↗ original

שַׁלְהַיָּא (שְׁלָה) careless ease, security, arrogance. Targum Job 30, 5 (Levy quotes שַׁלְהֲיָיא feminine singular; Hebrew text גֵּו). ↗ original

שַׁלְהֵיבָא , see שַׁלְהוֹבָא ↗ original

שַׁלְהַיָּיא , see שׁלְהַיָּא ↗ original

שְׂלָו , see שְׂלָיו ↗ original

שָׁלֵו see שְׁלָה) [to be lax,] to rest, be at ease, careless. Bereshith Rabbah section 84 (referring to Job 3, 26) לא שָׁלַוְתִּי מעשו וכ׳ I was not at ease on account of Esau, neither was I secure on account of Laban. ↗ original

שָׁלֵו ² the preceding) at ease, secure. Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 138 בטח ושאנן וש׳ in safety, without care, and at ease; (Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 38 only בטח ושאנן). ↗ original

שָׁלוּ , see שָׁלוּתָא ↗ original

שְׁלֵיָא , see שְׁלֵיוָא ↗ original

שְׁלוּב , see שְׁלִיבָה ↗ original

שַׁלְוָה preceding article) security, ease, contentment, happiness. Bereshith Rabbah section 84 בשעה … יושבין בש׳ וכ׳ when the righteous dwell at ease, and desire to remain at ease in this world, Satan comes etc. Avoth 4, 15 אין … משַׁלְוַת הרשעים וכ׳ it is beyond our power to understand why the wicked are at ease, or why the righteous suffer. Bereshith Rabbah section 49 עיקר שַׁלְוָותָהּ של סדום וכ׳ the real undisturbed prosperity of Sodom lasted only etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 10, end, see שַׁאֲנָן. Bamidbar Rabbah section 12³ רק בעיניך תביט שַׁלְוָתְךָ ‘thou shalt behold with thine eyes’ (Psalms 91, 8) thy happiness. Yoma 86ᵇ, see תַּקָּלָה; and frequently ↗ original

שַׁלְוָה ² Targum Lamentations 1, 5, Targum Psalms 78, 12. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 37, 1; and elsewhere; see שְׁלֵיוָא 2 ↗ original

שְׁלֵוָוא , see שְׁלִיוָא ↗ original

שַׁלְוָוה , see שַׁלְוָה ↗ original

שַׁלְוֵושׁ (see שְׁלַב, a. שַׁלְבֵּשׁ) to fit in with mortise and tenon.—participle passive מְשַׁלְוַושׁ; feminine מְשַׁלְוְושָׁא; plural מְשַׁלְוְושִׁין; מְשַׁלְוְושָׁן. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 26, 17; 36, 22 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) manuscript quoted in Levy Targum Dictionary מִשְׁתַּלְוְושָׁן Ithpaal; edition מכוונן; Hebrew text משלבות). ↗ original

שַׁלְוְותָא , see שַׁלְוָה Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original

שְׁלֵוְותָּא , see שְׁלֵיוָא I, 2. ↗ original

שִׁלוֹחַ , see sub שִׁיל׳. ↗ original

שָׁלוּחַ (שָׁלַח) messenger, agent, deputy. Kiddushin 2, 1 האיש … ובשְׁלוּחוֹ; האשה … ובשְׁלוּחָהּ, see קָדַשׁ. Berachoth 5, 5, and frequently שלוחו של וכ׳, see כְּמוֹת; and frequently—plural שְׁלוּחִים, שְׁלוּחִין. Rosh Hashanah 1, 3, and the following הש׳ יוצאין the messengers went out (to announce the New Moon). Sukkah 10ᵇ; 26ᵃ אנן שְׁלוּחֵי מצוה אנן we are out on a religious message. Chullin 142ᵃ, and elsewhere, see נָזַק; and frequently—[ pressed olive, see שׁלַח 2. ditch, see שֶׁלַח 3.] ↗ original

שְׁלוּחָא , messenger etc. Meïl. 21ᵇ מאן דאמר לשְׁלוּחֵיה וכ׳ if one says to his commissioner etc.; and elsewhere—plural שְׁלוּחִין. Targum Isaiah 44, 26 (edition Lagarde edition שְׁלִיח׳), see שְׁלַח. ↗ original

שִׁלוֹחָא , see שִׁילוֹחָא ↗ original

שִׁלּוּט , see שִׁילּוּט ↗ original

שלוטחית , see שַׁלְפּוּחִית ↗ original

שְׁלוּכְתָּא (a fictitious word, as if frequently שָׁלַךְ) cast away. Eruvin 53ᵇ a Galilean woman (that wanted to say sh’lubti, my attached friend, see שְׁלַב) said שְׁלוּכְתִּי וכ׳ (Munich manuscript שְׁלוּוְתִּי?) my cast-away etc., see לַבָּא. ↗ original

שִׁלּוּלָא (שְׁלַל) embryo, birth. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 14, 7.—5. שְׁלִילָא. ↗ original

שְׁלוּלִית (שָׁלַל 2) pool, pond, rivulet. Peah 2, 1 הנחל והש׳ a brook or a pool; Bava Bathra 55ᵃ; Bava Kamma 61ᵃ, explained the same place (ibid.) מקום … שוללין שם a place where the rain makes booty (inroads); other explained אמת המים שמחלקת שלל וכ׳ a water arm which imparts etc., see אֲגַף; Menachoth 71ᵇ; Sifra K’dosh. Parah 1, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 2. Tosefta Bava Kamma 6, 23; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 6, end, 5ᶜ; Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 61ᵃ עברה נהר או ש׳ וכ׳ if the fire crosses a river or a pool eight cubits wide. deposit after inundation, alluvium. Bava Metzia 21ᵇ בשְׁלוּלִיתוֹ של נהר, see זֶוֶט; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 2 משלוליתו של ים ומשׁלוליתו של נהר (variant reading משניתו … ומשניתו) from the deposits of the tide or etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 10, 7ᵇ bottom of the page משְׁלִילִית, see שְׁנוּנִית. ↗ original

שָׁלוֹם 1 peace, salvation; salutation. Vayikra Rabbah section 9 גדול ש׳ … חותמין בש׳ peace is something great, for all benedictions, good tidings, and consolations … close with peace. Bamidbar Rabbah section 21, beginning אין כלי … אלא ש׳ no vessel contains blessing but peace; ʿUktsin 3, 12, and elsewhere, see חָזַק. Berachoth 14ᵃ משיב ש׳ וכ׳ may return a salutation to any person. the same place (ibid.) כל הנותן ש׳ וכ׳ he who offers salutation to his neighbor before prayer, is considered as if he made him a highplace (worshipping man before God). Shevi'ith 4, 3 ושואלין בשְׁלוֹמָן מפני דרכי ש׳ and you must salute them (gentiles in the field) etc., see דֶּרֶךְ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 35ᵇ מהו שואלין בשלומן בשְׁלוֹם ישראל ש׳ עליכם how must we salute them? As we salute Israelites, ‘peace be upon you.’ Tamid 1, 3 הגיעו … אמרו ש׳ הכל ש׳ when they (the two parties patrolling the Temple) met, they said, ‘peace?’ (answer) ‘all peace’ (everything is in good order); Vayikra Rabbah the passage cited Sifra Vayikra, Parah 13, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 16 מי שהוא ש׳ וכ׳ he who is at peace offers peace-offerings, opposite אונן; see שָׁלֵם. the same place (ibid.) the peace-offerings are called sh’lamim, שהכל ש׳ בהן because everything in them is at peace (is turned to use; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 458 מְשׁוּלָּמִים). Berachoth 39ᵇ (play on the name שלמן) ש׳ אתה וכ׳ thou art peace (perfection), and thy teaching is perfect (see שָׁלֵם); and very frequently—חס וש׳, see חַס. (adverb) safely, unimpaired. T’bul Yom 4, 7, and elsewhere שתעלה ש׳ that it will be brought up safely, see שֶׁבֶר I.—plural שְׁלוֹמוֹת. Bamidbar Rabbah section 13¹⁶ עושה שני ש׳ וכ׳ produces two conditions of peace, peace above and peace below. Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 340 ארבעה רוב ש׳ וכ׳ (not שלומית) four times in the Scriptures ‘peace’ appears in connection with ‘abundance.’—Chaldaic see שְׁלָמָא. ↗ original

שָׁלוֹם 2 אִימָּא ש׳ Imma (Mother) Shalom, wife of R. Eliezer. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 6, 36ᶜ top of the page Eruvin 63ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original

שִׁלּוּם , see שִׁילּוּם ↗ original

שַׁלּוּם (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Shallum, husband of Huldah the prophetess. Megillah 14ᵇ (counted among the prophets). Yalkut Shimoni Kings 233. name of several Amoraim. Vayikra Rabbah section 26 רב ש׳. Pesikta Rabbati section 3 יהודה הלוי ברבי ש׳; the same place (ibid.) section 5; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁלוֹמִי proper noun of a place, see שׁוּלָמִי ↗ original

שְׁלוֹנַאי Sh’lonai, legendary name of Balak’s daughter (see שְׁוִילְנַאי). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 25, 15. ↗ original

שְׁלוֹף (שְׁלַף, דּוּץ) [pull out, stick in,] a popular name for Cimolia (see קִימוֹלְיָא). Shabbath 90ᵃ (Munich manuscript רוץ, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note); Niddah 62ᵃ.—[Yevamoth 109ᵇ, see שְׁלַף.] ↗ original

שָׁלוּף , plural construct state שְׁלוּפֵי, see שְׁלַף ↗ original

שְׁלוֹפָאפֵי , see שַׁלְפּוּפֵי ↗ original

שָׁלוּק (שָׁלַק) boiled preserves.—plural שְׁלוּקִים, שׁלוּקִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, 3ᶜ bottom of the page שְׁלוּקֵיהֶן boiled preserves made by gentiles. ↗ original

שְׁלוֹק , see שְׁלַק ↗ original

שלות , Kelim 25, 4 Bartenora, Bertinora, 8. כַּחְּ. ↗ original

שָׁלוּתָא (שְׁלֵי 2) neglect, error, forgetfulness (corresp. to Hebrew שְׁגָגָה). Targum Leviticus 4, 2 (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition Vienna edition שִׁלּוּ). the same place (ibid.) 5, 18. Targum Numbers 15, 24, and the following; and frequently ↗ original

שַׁלְוְתָא , see שַׁלְוָה Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original

שָׁלַח to draw out; to stretch forth; to send. Eruvin 3, 2 השׁוֹלֵחַ ערובו וכ׳ if one sends his ‘Erub (עֵרוּב) forth to be laid by a deaf and dumb person. Chullin 59ᵇ, and frequently שָׁלְחוּ מתם they sent word from there (from Palestine to Babylonia). Gittin 4, 1 השולח גט וכ׳ if a man sends a letter of divorce to his wife etc. Bava Kamma 6, 4, see בְּעֵרָה. the same place (ibid.) ש׳ ביד פיקח (the same place (ibid.) 60ᵃ שִׁילֵּחַ) if he sent out fire through a sane person; and frequently—participle passive שָׁלוּחַ which see—ש׳ יד ב־ [to stretch out a hand against,] to make illegitimate use of, to misappropriate (Exodus 22, 10). Bava Metzia 3, 12 השולח יד בפקדון if a person makes use of a trust. the same place (ibid.) החושב לִשְׁלוֹחַ יד וכ׳ if he declares his intention to use a trust; אינו חייב עד שיִשְׁלַח בו יד he is not responsible (for loss), until he has used it; and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁלֵּחַ same, to send; to send away, dismiss. Betzah 1, 9 אין מְשַׁלְּחִין בי"ט וכ׳ on the Holy Day you dare not send (to a friend) anything except portions (of eatables, ready for use); משלחין בהמה וכ׳ you may send cattle … alive or slaughtered. Chullin 12, 3 שִׁלְּחָהּ וחזרה if he sent the mother bird away, and she came back. the same place (ibid.) אמר … ומְשַׁלֵּחַ הבנים if he says, I will take the mother, and send the young away; חייב לשַׁלֵּחַ he is bound to send her away. Bereshith Rabbah section 21 שִׁלְּחוֹ מגן … ושלחו וכ׳ he banished him (Adam) from the paradise of this world and from that of the other world; and frequently Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתַּלֵּחַ, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִשְׁתַּלֵּחַ to be sent off; to be commissioned. Yoma 6, 2, and elsewhere המִשְׁתַּלֵּחַ the goat that is to be sent away (Leviticus 16, 10), the scapegoat. the same place (ibid.) 1 נשפך … המשתלח if the blood (of the goat designated for sacrifice) was spilt, the scapegoat is to be put to death (cannot be used for the ceremony). Bereshith Rabbah section 49 מעשה באחד שנש׳ לגבות וכ׳ it happened that one was commissioned to tax the inhabitants etc.; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁלַח to send, send off. Targum Numbers 13, 2. Targum Onkelos the same place (ibid.) 16. Targum Psalms 44, 3 manuscript (edition פסד׳). Targum Jeremiah 42, 6 שָׁלְחִין (not שולחין); and frequently—participle passive שְׁלִיחַ; feminine שְׁלִיחָא; plural שְׁלִיחִין, שְׁלִיחָן. Obadiah, Book of 1, 1. Targum Isaiah 44, 26 שְׁלִיחוֹהִי edition Lagarde edition (edition Vilna edition שְׁלוּח׳). Targum I Chronicles 14, 15; and frequently—Berachoth 28ᵃ ש׳ להו וכ׳ R. J. sent them word to the school house; and frequently—Koheleth Rabbah to 3, 2 שְׁלִיחְהוֹן דברייתא the messenger of men (men’s guardian angel). to throw off, undress, flay (compare פָּשַׁט). Targum Esther 5, 14. Targum Isaiah 32, 11. Targum 2 Chronicles 29, 34; and frequently—Berachoth the passage cited שְׁלַח מדך take off thy cloak (see מַדָּא). Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 3, end, 67ᵃ הוה ש׳ מסאניה he took off one shoe; כד הוה ש׳ תריהון when he had taken off both of them; and frequently—participle passive as ab. Sotah 8ᵇ (proverbial expression) ש׳ ערטילאי וכ׳ undressed, naked, but with shoes on (a person cares more for shoes than for any other article of dress); Kethuboth 65ᵇ top האי תנא ש׳ וכ׳ this Tannai (who gave the wife the right to ask for three pairs of shoes and one suit of clothes) seems to assume that a woman cares more for shoes etc. Koheleth Rabbah to 5, 10 איך אינון אתיין שליחין וכ׳ (not שלו׳) how will they come (on resurrection day), naked, or dressed? the same place (ibid.) היך זרעתין ש׳ וכ׳ how didst thou plant them (the beans), undressed or dressed (in the pods)? and elsewhere Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁלֵּחַ to send; to send off, dismiss. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 16, 21, and the following Targum Onkelos Exodus 8, 17; and frequently—participle passive מְשַׁלַּח; feminine מְשַׁלְּחָא etc. Targum Onkelos Genesis 32, 19. to strip, undress. Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 2, 58ᵇ top ובטול … יְשַׁלַּח and in the shade of the fig tree he (the ox) would shed his skin (feeling warm, he would rub himself against the tree); Sanhedrin 18ᵇ. Shabbath 33ᵇ הוו מְשַׁלְּחֵי מנייהו used to put off their clothes. Shevuoth 41ᵃ צורבא דרבנן משלח וכ׳ may a scholar strip a man of his cloak? (i.e. should a scholar as such have any prerogatives in law?); and frequently Af'el הִפְעִיל אַשְׁלַח to send off, let loose. Targum Onkelos Exodus 8, 17. to strip, throw off; to flay. Targum I Samuel 19, 24. Targum 2 Chronicles 35, 11. Targum Leviticus 1, 6 (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 ויחליש). Targum Numbers 20, 26; and frequently Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּלַּח to be sent, sent off. Targum Judges 5, 15. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 32, 19; and frequently to be stripped; to shed the skin. the same place (ibid.) 3, 21.—Chullin 59ᵃ מאן … מִישְׁתַּלַּח משכיה he who eats three Tiḳlas of asafoetida on an empty stomach, will shed his skin; ואי לא … מישת׳ משכאי had I not sat in water, I should have etc. ↗ original

שֶׁלַח 1 (the preceding) hide, fresh skin. Makhshirin 5, 6 החובט על הש׳ he who beats upon a (wetted) hide. Bechoroth 9, 4 נשחטה … והש׳ קיים when its mother has been killed, but the hide is still intact. Tosefta Shabbath 8 (9), 1; and elsewhere—plural שְׁלָחִין. Shabbath 4, 2 טומנין בש׳ you may keep dishes warm (for the Sabbath) in fresh hides. the same place (ibid.) 49ᵃ ש׳ של בעה"ב hides belonging to a private man; של אומן to a mechanic (shoemaker etc.). the same place (ibid.)ᵇ הביאו ש׳ וכ׳ bring us hides to sit down on them; and elsewhere ↗ original

שֶׁלַח (שָׁלַח) [stripped of its skin,] a pressed olive the stone of which slips out at a touch.—plural שְׁלָחִין, שְׁלוּ׳. Avodah Zarah 2, 7 (39ᵇ; Mishnah a. Yerushalmi (prefix) edition שלו׳). the same place (ibid.) 40ᵇ היכי דמי ש׳ וכ׳ when are they called Sh’laḥin? When the stone slips out as you take the olive in your hand. ↗ original

שֶׁלַח 3 , plural שְׁלָחִין (tradit. pronunc. שַׁלְחִין) (שלח; compare Job 5, 10, a. Nehemiah 3, 15) arms, ditches for irrigation; בית הש׳ (שדה) a field which needs irrigation, opposite בית הבעל (see בַּעַל). Moed Katan 1, 1. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 1 שדה בית הש׳ שחרבה a field dependent on irrigation which has become dry. the same place (ibid.) 4 השלוחין edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading השלח׳). Moed Katan 2ᵃ מאי משמע דהאי בית הש׳ לישנא דצחותא וכ׳ what evidence is there that beth hash-sh’laḥin has the meaning of thirstiness (dryness)? Answ. referring to מְשַׁלְהֵי for עָיֵף (see שַׁלְהֵי I). Bava Bathra 4, 7 בית הש׳ the fields belonging to a township; explained the same place (ibid.) 68ᵃ באגי fields, גינונייתא gardens (referring to Song of Songs 4, 13). the same place (ibid.) 99ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original

שֶׁלַח 4 (שָׁלַח) extension, stepping space or depth of a step. Middoth 2, 3; 3, 6 ושִׁלְחָהּ אמה and the depth of each step was one cubit, see רוּם 2. ↗ original

שִׁלְחָא = Hebrew שֶׁלַח I. Menachoth 35ᵃ כי מיתלי ביה בש׳ וכ׳ when you hang a weight on (stretch) the leather, and it rebounds again, it is old.—plural שְׁלָחַיָּה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 7, end, 40ᶜ כגון אילין ש׳ (edition Zyt. שלחים, correct accordingly) as, for instance, hides (which are sometimes used for covers). ↗ original

שִׁלְחָא ² missile, lance. Targum Job 33, 18. the same place (ibid.) 36, 12 variant reading manuscript (edition זיני קרבא). ↗ original

שַׁלָּחָא (שִׁלְחָא 1) worker in hides, tanner or saddler. Shabbath 49ᵇ top of the page ↗ original

שַׁלְחוֹפָא (שַׁלְחֵף) exchange, substitute, ransom. Targum Proverbs 21, 18. the same place (ibid.) ושלחופא edition Lagarde edition (edition Vilna edition ושַׁלְחוֹפֵי plural; some edition שַׁלְחֵי׳). Targum Job 20, 18. ↗ original

שלחופות , see שַׁלְפּוּחִית ↗ original

שַׁלְחֵיף , see שַׁלְחֵף ↗ original

שַׁלְחֵיפָא , see שַׁלְחוֹפָא ↗ original

שֻׁלְחָן , see sub שׁוּלְ׳. ↗ original

שַׁלְחֵף (Shaf. of חלף, transposed) to change, exchange; to lay crosswise. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 31, 7; 41. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 34, 9, and the following Targum Psalms 15, 4. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 48, 14 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition פרג; Hebrew text שִׂכֵּל); and elsewhere—Bava Bathra 99ᵃ (ידייהו) ודילמא שַׁלְחוּפֵי הוו מְשַׁלְחֲפֵי may it not be that they (the Cherubim over the Ark) had their wings crosswise (overlapping each other)? Shabbath 96ᵇ ודילמא שלחופי הוו משלחפי may it not be that they (the weavers) sat in irregular lines (so that those sitting close together did not need to hinder one another in their work)? the same place (ibid.) 98ᵇ דלא לִישְׁלְחוֹפִינְהוּ מהדדי (Oxford manuscript לישלופינהו; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 370 לישליפינהו) that they must not pile them irregularly. Bava Metzia 25ᵃ משלחפי שלחופי (Manuscript Hamburg משלפי שלופי) the coins lie irregularly (some of them piled, others scattered). Niddah 26ᵃ ומְשַׁלְחֵיף ליה וכ׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) ומשחיף, correct accordingly) and lies across (overlapping) the head of the embryo. to pass quickly, overtake; [or to strike through]. Targum Job 20, 24. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּלְחֵיף to be changed; to pass away; to be exchanged. Targum Psalms 46, 3 (manuscript אִשְׁתַּחֲלִיפוּ; Hebrew text בהמיר). Targum Job 29, 20. the same place (ibid.) 28, 16; 19 (Hebrew text תסלה). ↗ original

שלחת , Kelim 25, 4 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see כַּתְּ ↗ original

שָׁלַט (Biblical Hebrew) to handle; ש׳ ב־ (compare מָשַׁל) to rule, have power over. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, 45ᵈ top כאן האור שׁוֹלֵט וכ׳ here (in the case of bread) the fire comes in direct contact with it (and kills the poison of the serpent), there (in the case of water that has been warmed) the fire does not etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 1, 49ᵇ top כאן היד שׁוֹלֶטֶת וכ׳ here (in the case of a vessel into which a boiling dish has been put) the hand can handle it; there (in the case of a vessel taken directly from the fire) the hand cannot handle it; כאן וכאן אין היד שולטת בו in both cases the dish may be too hot for the hand to handle it; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, 6ᵇ top of the page the same place (ibid.) במקום שהיד שולטת in a place (in the stove) which the hand can get at (to handle the dish placed there); the same place (ibid.) 5ᶜ מפני שהוא שַׁלִּיט במקום שהיד שולטת because he keeps control (to regulate the temperature of the dish) there where the handling is possible. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 10, beginning 12ᶜ ששולטת היד מצר אחד that the hand can reach it from one side. Chullin 16ᵇ; Shabbath 82ᵃ דבר שהאור שולטת בו a thing over which fire has power (which is combustible). the same place (ibid.) רוח רעה שולטת בו an evil spirit (smell of the mouth) will seize him; רוח זוהמא ש׳ בו (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 30) the spirit of zohăma (internal decay) will seize him. Bereshith Rabbah section 45) שָׁלְטוּ בעצמן they controlled themselves (interrupted their gratification). Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᵇ top שולט באיפרכיא וכ׳ if he rules over one province, he does not rule over another province. Bereshith Rabbah section 3 ביום אני שולט I want to rule (have the guard) in day time; (Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 8, 12ᶜ top משמש). Pesikta Rabbati section 31 אתם שְׁלַטְתֶּם בעצמיכם וכ׳ (not באצבעותיכם) you had power over yourselves and cut your fingers off; and very frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁלֵּט same. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 4, 53ᵇ במְשַׁלֶּטֶת על נכסיו when she manages her husband’s property (has power of attorney). Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁלִיט to give power to, make a ruler. Bereshith Rabbah section 59 (referring to Genesis 24, 1) שהִשְׁלִיטוֹ ביצרו God made him master over his inclinations; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 103. Bamidbar Rabbah section 14⁶ השליטו על ארץ וכ׳ the Lord made him governor of the land of Egypt; and elsewhere Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתַּלֵּט, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִשְׁתַּלֵּט to be given power; to be empowered to manage. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 9, 33ᵃ bottom of the page נכסים שׁנִשְׁתַּלְּטָה בהן בחיי וכ׳ property which she had been authorized to manage during her husband’s lifetime; the same place (ibid.) 33ᵇ top of the page ↗ original

שְׁלַט Targum Genesis 1, 16. Targum Onkelos Exodus 21, 8 (Hebrew text בבגדו). Targum Judges 8, 21 (Hebrew text פגע); and frequently Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁלֵּט same, to handle.—participle passive מְשַׁלַּט; plural מְשַׁלְּטֵי. Kiddushin 73ᵇ top מש׳ הדמיה if the limbs of the infant have been manipulated, see שְׁלַב. Af'el הִפְעִיל אַשְׁלֵט to give power, appoint. Targum 2 Chronicles 13, 5. Targum Amos 4, 1. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 6, 2; and frequently Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׁתְּלַט to be made, or make one’s self a ruler. Targum Proverbs 17, 2. ↗ original

שֶׁלֶט the preceding), plural שְׁלָטִים (compare כֶּלִי) armor, shields; in a transferred sense arm-bearers; (homilet.) the righteous as the protectors of their generation. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 4 כל שִׁלְטֵי … שהוא עומד וישלט וכ׳ ‘all armors of the mighty’, this includes all those who control their inclinations etc.; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 988. Shir HaShirim Rabbah the passage cited ולא אתם … אלא כל שלטי וכ׳ and not you yourselves (directly) are suspended on it (enjoy the protection of the Law), but only ‘all the shields of the mighty’ … as Moses in his time etc. ↗ original

שִׁלְטָא ; plural שְׁלָטַיָּא, construct state שִׁלְטֵי, שִׁי׳. Targum 2 Samuel 8, 7. Targum 2 Kings 11, 10. Targum Ezekiel 27, 11. Targum Jeremiah 51, 11; and elsewhere—the same place (ibid.) 13, 23 שלטי רקמתיה his checkered armor (the leopard’s skin; Hebrew text חברברתיו). ↗ original

שִׁלְטוֹן the preceding words) rulership. Sifré Deuteronomy 321; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 945 שִׁלְטוֹנָן, see עֶכֶן. (supply (understood word) בעל) ruler, governor. Sifra Bechukkothai Parah 1, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 3 ש׳ אחד בא … זה שׁוּלְטָן וכ׳ one governor comes and subjugates (Israel), and goes away, and another governor comes etc. Tanchuma Vayera 19 (referring to Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 8, 4) ש׳ הוא ואין וכ׳ God is the ruler, and none can protest against him. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 8, 12ᵃ top מלך יוצא וש׳ נכנס וכ׳ when the king goes out, and the governor comes in, they escort the king first, and then they lead the governor in (the benediction for the exit of the Sabbath must precede that for the entrance of the Holy Day). Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 9, 24ᵇ top; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 15, 7. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 3, 64ᵇ top במה שאדבר עליך לש׳ (be betrothed unto me) for the consideration that I shall speak to the governor in thy behalf; and frequently—plural שִׁלְטוֹנִים, שִלְטוֹנִין, שִׁי׳. Bereshith Rabbah section 82 עד היכן היו מלכיות וש׳ רוצים וכ׳ how anxious courts and governors were to be connected with him (see שׁוּלְטָנוּת). the same place (ibid.) הוא היה … הש׳ he (Lotan) was one of the governors (referring to אלוף, Genesis 36, 29); and frequently—[Bereshith Rabbah section 93 שני שי׳ זולגות דם, read with Yalkut Shimoni Job 897: עינו של ימין זולגת דם.]—Fem. שִׁלְטוֹנִית, שִׁי׳; plural שִׁלְטוֹנִיּוֹת, שִׁי׳. Pesikta Rabbati section 42 שהיו השילטונים והש׳ מחסדים וכ׳ (or מחסדות, not מחסר׳) the governors and their wives insulted Sarah etc.—[Bereshith Rabbah section 82 שלטוניות, edition Vilna edition, see שׁוּלְטָנוּת.] ↗ original

שִׁלְטוֹן ² Targum Onkelos Genesis 49, 9. Targum Micah 6, 9; and frequently—plural שִׁלְטוֹנִין, שִׁלְטוֹנַיָּא, שִׁי׳. Targum Isaiah 7, 20. the same place (ibid.) 14, 8. Targum Ezekiel 29, 4; and frequently ↗ original

שלטוניה , Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᵇ bottom of the page, see סִלְבּוֹנַיָּא ↗ original

שִׁלְטוֹנִית , see שִׁלְטוֹן ↗ original

שֳׁלְטַן , see sub שׁוּלְטָ׳. ↗ original

שלי Job 27, 8) to draw out, pull. Taanith 24ᵃ; Shabbath 107ᵇ השׁוֹלֶה דג וכ׳ he that takes a fish out of the water (on the Sabbath). Chullin 63ᵃ (explained שָׁלָךְ, Leviticus 11, 17) זה השולה דגים וכ׳ that is the bird that catches fish out of the sea. Moed Katan 2, 3 ושולה פשתנו וכ׳ and may take his flax out of the pond. Yalkut Shimoni Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 966 אדם שוקע … שולה ראשון if one sinks pots into his furnace, he takes out first what he has last put in; and frequently—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 3, 53ᶜ top שולה, read: שורה, see שָׁרָה.] Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁילָּה same, especially to draw wine (out of the pit). Avodah Zarah 56ᵃ; Bava Metzia 92ᵇ היין … משׁיְשַׁלֶּה בחביות wine is subject to tithes …, when he fills it into kegs; Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 2, 41ᵇ bottom of the page משישלה ומשיקפה (not משיקיפה) when he has filled and skimmed it; עד שלא שי׳ וכ׳ before he filled or skimmed it. Tosefta Maasroth 1, 7 המקדיש … עד שלא שילה וקיפה מששילה וקיפה וכ׳ (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) שולה וקופה וכ׳, correct accordingly) if one dedicates the contents of a pit before he has drawn and skimmed the wine, and the Temple collector comes after he has done so etc.; and elsewhere Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׁלֶה to be pulled, drawn away. Bereshith Rabbah section 22, beginning (referring to Genesis 4, 1) ידע מאיזו שלוה נ׳ he knew from what happiness he was drawn away (through his wife). ↗ original

שְׁלֵי Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 11, 17; Deuteronomy 14, 17 שָׁלֵי נונא (some edition, a. O. שְׁלֵינוּנָא, שַׁלֵּינ׳, שָׁלֵינ׳; Hebrew text שָׁלָךְ), see the preceding ↗ original

שלי ² 2, see שָׁלֵו ↗ original

שְׁלֵי ² (see שְׁלָה) [to be lax,] to be at ease, quiet, unconcerned. Targum Job 3, 17. the same place (ibid.) 25. Targum 2 Esther 4, 14 (Hebrew text החרש); and frequently to neglect, forget. Targum Psalms 9, 13 (Hebrew text שכח). Targum Job 8, 13. the same place (ibid.) 39, 15; and elsewhere to be unaware, err, make a mistake (corresp. to Hebrew שגג, שגה). the same place (ibid.) 6, 24. the same place (ibid.) 12, 16. Targum Psalms 119, 67 שָׁלֵי (manuscript שָׁאלֵי); and elsewhere Af'el הִפְעִיל אַשְׁלֵי to let go, leave off; to abandon, neglect. the same place (ibid.) 39, 14. the same place (ibid.) 9, 18. the same place (ibid.) 44, 10. Targum Proverbs 1, 30. the same place (ibid.) 5, 12 (edition Lagarde edition אַסְלֵי); and frequently to cause to err, let go astray. Targum Job 12, 16. Targum Psalms 119, 10. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׁתְּלֵי to be abandoned, forgotten. the same place (ibid.) 9, 19. to let one’s self go, err, forget. Targum Leviticus 4, 13; 5, 18. Targum Ezekiel 45, 20. Targum Jeremiah 29, 26 (Hebrew text משגע); and elsewhere—Berachoth 53ᵇ אכיל וא׳ ולא וכ׳ he ate and through forgetfulness failed to say grace. Avodah Zarah 72ᵇ דילמא מִשְׁתְּלִיתוּ וכ׳ you may forget yourselves (or relax) aud throw the entire weight upon him. Yevamoth 115ᵇ אִישְׁתַּלּוּיֵי אי׳ (not אישתלוי) he may have been careless (or have forgotten, to wipe off the mark). ↗ original

שֶׁלִי the preceding) unconcern; mistake.—מִשּׁ׳ unexpectedly, by chance. Tanchuma M’tsorʿa 1; edition Buber edition 3; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 558, see מַרְדּוּת I. ↗ original

שִׁלְיָא quiet, unconcern. Targum 2 Samuel 3, 27 (edition Vilna edition שֵׁלַיָּא, correct accordingly). (corresp. to Biblical Hebrew שֹׁאָה, פּתְאֹם) unexpected event, suddenness, sudden calamity. Targum Proverbs 3, 25 דמן ש׳ edition Lagarde edition (other edition ומן ש׳ correct accordingly). the same place (ibid.) 6, 15. the same place (ibid.) 24, 22 בש׳ (not כש׳). the same place (ibid.) 1, 27 בש׳ (Hebrew text כשאה). Targum Psalms 35, 8; and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁלְיָא ² (שָׁלָה 2, שָׁלֵו; compare Zephaniah, Book of 1, 12; Jeremiah 48, 11) sediment, dregs. Tosefta Bava Bathra 5, 7 של יין משתיעשה ש׳ (variant reading משעשה) the merchant’s wine measures must be cleaned as soon as sediment is formed (which diminishes their capacity). ↗ original

שִׁלְיָא ³ after-birth, placenta. Niddah 3, 4 (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), everywhere, שליה; Yerushalmi (prefix) edition שילייא, שיליא). Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4, 9; Niddah 26ᵃ. Vayikra Rabbah section 35 נוח לו שנהפכה שִׁלְיָתוֹ וכ׳ it would have been better for him, had the after-birth in which he lay been turned over his face; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 3ᵇ שיליתו; Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 29 שלייתו של אמו (read: שִׁלְיָיתָהּ, or omit של אמו); and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 2, 53ᶜ חוץ משליתה, see שְׁרִיָּיה.—Chaldaic see שִׁלְיְתָא. ↗ original

שְׁלִיאָיִית adverb (שְׁלֵי 2, see שִׁלְיָא I) without concern, unawares. Targum Proverbs 7, 22 (edition Vilna edition שְׁלִיָאִית; Hebrew text פתאם). ↗ original

שְׁלִיבָה (שָלַב) [what is fitted in,] shelf; step, rundle. Makkoth 7ᵇ היה … ונשמטה ש׳ וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition נשמט הש׳, correct accordingly) if one is going up a ladder, and a rundle slips from under him etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 7, beginning 24ᵇ בין ש׳ לש׳ וכ׳ between each two steps a space of less than etc. the same place (ibid.) ש׳ עבה a wide-stepped ladder or stair; and elsewhere—plural שְׁלִיבוֹת, שְׁלִיבִים. Babylonian Eruvin 77ᵇ סולם שׁשְׁלִיבוֹתָיו פורחות an ascent with flying steps, i.e. stairs without foundation and back, step-ladder, opposite to a solid stair-case. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᵇ אחר שְׁלִיבָיו it depends on the material of its steps (or shelves); Babylonian Shabbath 60ᵃ שליבותיו; Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 3, 13 השְׁלוּבִים, השְׁלוּבִין, see קוּלָב I. ↗ original

שְׁלִיבַיָּא , fitted-in pieces, ledges. Targum I Kings 7, 28, and the following (Hebrew text שְׁלַבִּים). ↗ original

שליברות , see בְּרוֹת ↗ original

שִׁלְיָה , see שִׁלְיָא 3 ↗ original

שְׂלָיו (Biblical Hebrew) quail, see סְלָיו.—plural שַׂלְוִים. Tanchuma Ki Thissa 35 והים מעלה להם ש׳ and the sea brought up quails for them; and elsewhere ↗ original

שָׁלֵיו , see שָׁלֵו ↗ original

שְׁלֵיו = Hebrew שָׁלֵו, secure, unconcerned. Targum Job 21, 23. the same place (ibid.) 16, 12. the same place (ibid.) 20, 20 (edition Vilna edition שְׁלָיו); and elsewhere—Fem. שְׁלֵיוָא, שְׁלֵיוְיָא, שְׁלֵיוְתָּא. Targum Zechariah 7, 7. Targum Jeremiah 22, 21 (edition Vilna edition שְׁלֵיוַיָא; edition Lagarde edition שְׁלֵוָוא). Targum I Chronicles 4, 40; and elsewhere—plural שְׁלֵיוִין, שְׁלֵוִין; שְׁלֵיוָן, שְׁלֵוו׳. Targum Job 12, 6. Targum Isaiah 32, 9; 11; 18, see next word ↗ original

שְׁלֵיוָא (the preceding) = Hebrew שַׁלְוָה. Targum Ezekiel 16, 49. Targum Isaiah 33, 20 (edition Vilna edition שְׁלֵיוָתָא; edition Lagarde edition שלוותא); and elsewhere—Adv. שְׁלֵיוָא at ease, without concern. Targum Jeremiah 12, 1. Targum Isaiah 32, 9; 11; 18 (edition Vilna edition שְׁלֵיוָן; edition Lagarde edition שלוה, שלווה). Targum Zechariah 1, 15 (edition Lagarde edition שלווא). ↗ original

שְׁלָיוּתָא same, happiness. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 49, 19.—[Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2 the same place (ibid.) 1 ש׳ quoted in Levy Targum Dictionary, see טְלָיוּתָא.] ↗ original

שָׁלִיחַ (שָׁלַח) deputy, agent. Gittin 4, 1. the same place (ibid.) 62ᵇ ש׳ להולכה, ש׳ לקבלה, see הוֹלָכָה. Kiddushin 41ᵃ הוא עושה ש׳ he (the husband) can appoint a deputy (to hand to her the letter of divorce); היא עושה ש׳ she can depute an agent (to receive the letter of divorce); הש׳ עושה ש׳ the agent may depute an agent. the same place (ibid.)ᵇ אין העבד נעשה ש׳ וכ׳ a slave cannot be deputed to receive a letter of divorce. the same place (ibid.) 42ᵇ, and frequently אין ש׳ לדבר עבירה there is no deputy for an illegal act, i.e. the responsibility for an illegal act cannot be shifted to the employer. Berachoth 5, 5, and elsewhere ש׳ צבור, see צִיבּוּר; and very frequently—plural שְׁלוּחִים, see שָׁלוּחַ. ↗ original

שְׁלִיחַ see שְׁלַח ↗ original

שְׁלִיחוּת (שָׁלח) ש׳ רד (see שָׁלַח) illegitimate use of a deposit, misappropriation. Bava Metzia 43ᵇ ש׳ יד אינה צריכה חסרון use of a deposit does not require damage (in order to make the depositary responsible for losses for which he could otherwise not be made responsible). Kiddushin 42ᵇ; and elsewhere message, agency, commission. the same place (ibid.) 41ᵃ ש׳ מנלן whence do we derive the law of agency (in betrothal)? the same place (ibid.) 42ᵃ קטנים לאו בני ש׳ וכ׳ minors cannot serve as deputies. Meïl. 6, 1, and elsewhere השליח שעשה שְׁלִיחוּתוֹ וכ׳ if the agent has carried out his commission (exactly as he was told), the owner is guilty of misappropriation (see מָעַל). the same place (ibid.) 20ᵇ מוסיף על שליחותו if the agent adds an act of his own to that for which he was commissioned. Vayikra Rabbah section 22 אם אין … שְׁלִיחוּתִי וכ׳ if you (prophets) do not convey my message, I have (other) messengers. Bereshith Rabbah section 50 (referring to Genesis 18, 2, a. 19, 1) עד שלא עשו שְׁלִיחוּתָן קראן וכ׳ before they carried out their message, the text calls them men, when they did carry it out, it calls them messengers (angels); and frequently—plural שְׁלִיחוֹת (frequently שְׁלִיחָה). the same place (ibid.); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 84; Yalkut Shimoni Job 908 אין … שתי ש׳ one angel never carries two messages. ↗ original

שְׁלִיחוּתָא Targum 2 Esther 5, 8.—Meïl. 21ᵃ והא לאו בני ש׳ נינהו but are they not disqualified as messengers? the same place (ibid.) עבדה שְׁלִיחוּתֵיה it (the olive press) carried out his commission (intention); ה"נ אתעביד שליחותיה so in this case his commission was carried out (through irresponsible persons as through tools); and elsewhere ↗ original

שַׁלִּיט having control, ruler. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, beginning 5ᶜ, see שָׁלַט. Bereshith Rabbah section 3 שני … אחד ש׳ ביום וכ׳ two commanders, one being on duty by day, and one by night. Moed Katan 18ᵃ, and frequently מלפני הש׳, see שְׁגָגָה; and elsewhere—plural שַׁלִּיטִים, שַׁלִּיטִין. Bamidbar Rabbah section 14¹² כנגד עשרה ש׳ שבאדם corresponding to the ten rulers in man (organs of the body regulating vitality, see Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 19).—Fem. שַׁלִּיטָה. Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 287 אני שליט בקנאה ואין הקנאה ש׳ בי I (the Lord) control jealousy, but jealousy does not control me; ואין התנומה ש׳ בי but slumber has no power over me; (Mechilta Yithro, Baḥod., section 6 שׁוֹלֶטֶת). ↗ original

שַׁלִּיט ² Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 27, 29. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 5, 1; and elsewhere—plural שַׁלִּיטִין, שַׁלִּיטֵי. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 49, 10. Targum Proverbs 23, 1. the same place (ibid.) 8, 15 וש׳ אנא וכ׳ (manuscript ושליטיינא, correct accordingly) and rulers do I anoint in righteousness.—Fem. שַׁלִּיטָא. Targum 2 Esther 1, 2 (3) edition Lagarde edition (other edition שַׁלִּיטְיָא; edition Vienna edition טַיָא …, correct accordingly). ↗ original

שַׁלִּיטָה , see שׁלִּיט Hebrew ↗ original

שְׁלִיטָה (the preceding) power. Pesikta Rabbati section 13 אין הש׳ ניתנת וכ׳ power is placed in the hands of the wicked nation (Rome) only until etc. ↗ original

שַׁלִּיטִיָא , see שַׁלִּיטָא ↗ original

שַׁלִּיטָנָא = שׁוּלְטָנָא.—plural שַׁלִּיטָנֵי. Targum 2 Esther 1, 2 (3). ↗ original

שַׁלִּיטְתָּא (the preceding) government. Targum 2 Esther 1, 2 (3). ↗ original

שִׁלְיָיא , see שִׁלְיָא ↗ original

שִׁלְיַית , יַמָּא דש׳ lake of Shilyath. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᶜ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, 35ᵇ bottom of the page דשילהת; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 24 דשריית; Bava Bathra 74ᵇ ימה של חֵילַת; (Munich manuscript של שֵׁחֲלִית; Manuscript Rome של שחלת); Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 697 של חילת, see חֵילַת 2. ↗ original

שִׁלְיְיתָא , see שִׁלְיְתָא ↗ original

שָׁלִיל (שָׁלַל 1, compare שִׁלְיָה) embryo. Chullin 7, 1 נוהג בש׳ the law applies to an embryo (a live animal found in the body of the mother). Zevachim 3, 5. the same place (ibid.) 35ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁלִילָא Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 6, 3 (Hebrew text נפל). ↗ original

שְׁלִילִית , see שְׁלוּלִית ↗ original

שְׁלֵים , see שְׁלֵם ↗ original

שְׁלִים (שְׁלֵם) complete, perfect; whole, unimpaired. Targum Exodus 12, 5. Targum Ruth 2, 12. Targum Genesis 17, 1. Targum Onkelos the same place (ibid.) 33, 18 (Yerushalmi (prefix) שָׁלֵם; Hebrew text שָׁלֵם). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 22, 27 שלימא the perfect (Jacob); and frequently—plural שְׁלֵימִין, שְׁלֵימֵי, שַׁלְמִין, שָׁ׳. Targum Deuteronomy 25, 15. Targum Exodus 29, 1. Targum Psalms 119, 1 שְׁלִימֵי אורחא (not אורח־ה; edition Vilna edition שְׁלִימֵּי). Targum Proverbs 28, 10; and frequently—Fem. שְׁלִימָא, שְׁלֵי׳, שַׁלְמָא, שְׁלִימְתָּא, שְׁלִמְ׳, שְׁלֵימְתָּא, שְׁלֵמְ׳. Targum Leviticus 4, 28. the same place (ibid.) 3, 9 (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 שְׁלֵימָה). Targum Amos 1, 6. Targum Psalms 19, 8; and frequently—plural שַׁלְמַן. Targum Deuteronomy 27, 6 (not שלמין). the same place (ibid.) 25, 15 מכילן ש׳ (not שלמין); and elsewhere peaceful, sincere, friendly. — plural as ab. Targum Genesis 34, 21 (O. manuscript Vat. 13 שְׁלֵמִין; edition Berlin edition שְׁלָם). Targum 2 Samuel 20, 19. ↗ original

שְׁלֵימָה Hebrew, see שָׁלֵם ↗ original

שְׁלִימוּתָא (preceding article) completeness, perfection, fulness, integrity. Targum Job 5, 26. Targum Psalms 25, 21 שלימו׳ (edition Lagarde edition שלמתא). the same place (ibid.) 78, 72. Targum Job 4, 6; and elsewhere ↗ original

שָׁלִיף (שָׁלַף) [sliding,] pouch on an animal’s back, saddle-bag, haversack. Shabbath 154ᵇ היתה … טעונה ש׳ וכ׳ if (on the entrance of the Sabbath) his beast was carrying a bag full of grain, let him … pull it towards one side, so that it slips down of itself; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 18, 1. Tosefta Bava Kamma 1, 6; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, beginning 2ᵃ. Kiddushin 22ᵇ; Bava Bathra 75ᵇ. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4, 2; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁלִיף —plural שְׁלִיפֵי. Shabbath 154ᵇ ש׳ זוטרי small bags. Bava Bathra 86ᵇ ש׳ רברבי large bags; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁלִיף ² (שְׁלַף) pulled off, especially castrate. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 22, 24 (Hebrew text נתוק).—Shabbath 152ᵃ ש׳ בתמניא, see אִיקָא. the same place (ibid.) עיקרא ש׳ תוכיחא (איקא) Munich manuscript a castrated buck, and (thou wilt) reprove? ↗ original

שְׁלִיפָה (שָׁלַף) slipping off; שְׁלִיפַת המנעל taking the shoe off (a form of possession, Ruth 4, 7). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 60ᶜ top בראשונה … בש׳ המ׳ in olden times they used to give possession by taking off the shoe. ↗ original

שְׁלִיקָה (שָׁלַק) boiling. Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 2, 19 מחוסרים ש׳ (vessels made of that kind of wood) require to be boiled before they can be used. ↗ original

שְׁלִיקְתָּא , see שְׁלַק ↗ original

שָׁלִישׁ captain, officer. — plural שָׁלִישִׁים. Mechilta Beshallach section 1 (referring to Exodus 14, 7) אין ש׳ אלא גבורים shalishim means mighty men; ד"א וש׳ … שהיו משוללין וכ׳ another definition: shalishim … because they were hung with arms; (anoth. opinion) זה השלישי וכ׳ the shalish is the third on the chariot; formerly there were only two, and Pharaoh added one etc. the third finger, middle-finger. Tanchuma Bereshith 5 ומן אצבעו … וכל בש׳ וכ׳ and by his finger you can judge what he is (his strength), as we read (Isaiah 40, 12) and measured with the shalish (middle finger) etc. [the third person,] trustee, depositary. Gittin 64ᵃ בעל … וש׳ אומר לגירושין if the husband says, the letter of divorce has been deposited to be kept in trust, but the trustee says, it has been given me for the purpose of divorce (I was the wife’s agent for receiving the divorce). the same place (ibid.); Tosefta Bava Metzia 1, 10 זה אומר כך … והש׳ … הש׳ נאמן משניהם if one of the contestants says thus, and the other thus, and the depositary says thus, the depositary’s evidence is accepted over against both. Kethuboth 5, 8 המשרח … על ידי ש׳ if a husband for the time of his absence leaves the provision for his wife’s maintenance in the hands of a trustee; and frequently—Bamidbar Rabbah section 13³⁸ שלישה, read: שְׁלוּחָהּ. (traditional pronunciation שְׁלִישׁ) one third. Pesachim 42ᵇ תבואה שלא הביאה ש׳ grain that has not yet grown one-third (not one-third ripe); Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 2, 16ᵈ and the following Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 5, beginning 35ᵈ הביא ש׳ קודם וכ׳ if the fruit reached the stage of one-third of maturity before the fifteenth of Shebat. Gittin 70ᵃ אכול ש׳ ושתה ש׳ והניח ש׳ וכ׳ eat one-third (of the capacity of the stomach), and drink one-third, and leave vacant one-third etc., see כָּעַס. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 2, end, 17ᵇ קיבלה הימנו למחצה לש׳ וכ׳ if he rented the field on shares of one-half, or one-third etc. Bava Metzia 69ᵃ מותר ש׳ בשכרך whatever profit it may bring over one-third (of its present value) shall be thine for thy labor (and the rest we will divide equally); and frequently ↗ original

שָׁלִישׁוּת (the preceding) trust, deposit. Tosefta Bava Metzia 1, 10 בזמן שהש׳ יוצא מתחת ידו (read: יוצאה) when the deposited object (on which the contest turns) is produced by him (is still in the trustee’s possession). ↗ original

שְׁלִישִׁי the preceding words) third. Mechilta Beshallach, section 1, see שָׁלִישׁ. Tamid 7, 4 בַּשְּׁ׳ היו וכ׳ on the third day of the week they recited etc. Megillah 1, 2. Bereshith Rabbah section 3. Bereshith Rabbah section 4; and very frequently—Esp. a) ש׳ לטומאה (or supply (understood word) לטומאה) unclean in the third degree by contact with uncleanness of the second degree (שֵׁנִי). Tohoroth 2, 2, and the following Chagigah 3, 2, see רְבִיעִי; and frequently—b) ש׳ relation in the third degree, second cousin. Sanhedrin 28ᵃ, and elsewhere, see שֵׁנִי.—c) talk about a third (absent) person, gossip, calumny (see לִישָׁן). Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 120 לשון הרע קורין אותו ש׳ וכ׳ we call the evil tongue sh’lishi, because it slays three: himself (the maligner), the receiver, and the maligned.—plural שְׁלִישִׁין. Devarim Rabbah section 2³³, see שָׁלַשׁ.—Fem. שְׁלִישִׁית. Taanith 2, 4 על הש׳ וכ׳ when blowing the Shofar at the third benediction, one says etc. Megillah 3, 4 בש׳ וכ׳ on the third Sabbath of the month we read etc. Tanchuma Vaëthḥ. 6 ש׳ הצאן וכ׳ the third time (didst thou sin, when thou didst say,) shall flocks etc. (Numbers 11, 22); and very frequently—Parah 1, 1 אם אתה אומר ש׳ … כשאתה אומר שְׁלשִׁית וכ׳ when you say sh’lishith, it means the third in the count with others; when you say sh’loshith, it means in its third year. ↗ original

שִׁלְיְתָא = Hebrew שִׁלְיָה, after-birth. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 28, 57.—Berachoth 6ᵃ; Shabbath 134ᵃ, see סִלְיְתָא. ↗ original

שָׁלַךְ , Hif'il הִשְׁלִיךְ (Biblical Hebrew) to cast off, throw down. Eruvin 22ᵃ; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 846 להַשְׁלִיכוֹ, see מַשּׂוֹא. Tanchuma Sh’mini 11 הבחורים … ומַשְׁלִיכִין חומר וכ׳ young men and boys struck him (the drunken man) and cast mud in his face. Midrash Proverbs Chaldaic (Aramaic) I נַשְׁלִיךְ אותו לבור let us cast him into a pit. the same place (ibid.) נטל חכה והִשְׁלִיכָהּ לים he took a hook and threw it into the sea. Echah Rabbah to 2, 1 הִשְׁלִיכוֹ לארץ he cast him off (his shoulder and) to the ground; and frequently Hof. הֻפְעַל הוּשְׁלַךְ to be thrown. Tanchuma Vayesh. 2 כיון שה׳ לבור וכ׳ when he was thrown into the pit, his face changed etc. Tanchuma Noah 10 ברשותו הוּשְׁלַכְנוּ וכ׳ by his order we have been thrown (into the furnace) etc.; and elsewhere—participle מוּשְׁלָךְ; feminine מוּשְׁלֶכֶת etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 8; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 13, see בלורין. Sifré Deuteronomy 43 נבלת … שהיתה מוש׳ וכ׳ the corpse of J.… which lay exposed to heat in day-time and to cold etc. Midrash Proverbs the passage cited טורח … מוש׳ עליו the care for the household was thrown upon him (Reuben). Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׁלַךְ same. Shemoth Rabbah section 20 ולמה … נִשְׁלַכְתִּי לתוכה וכ׳ why did not Moses strike it (the Nile)? He said, I have been thrown into it, and it did not harm me etc.; and elsewhere ↗ original

שָׁלָךְ (Biblical Hebrew) name of a bird of prey, cormorant. Chullin 63ᵃ, see שָׁלָה I. ↗ original

שלכא , see שְׁלָבָא, שְׁלַבִּיּוֹת. ↗ original

שלכת , Kelim 25, 4, see כַּתְּ ↗ original

שָׁלַל 1 [to hang down, be loose,] to hang on, to chain. participle passive שָׁלוּל. Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Z’ʿera) כת … שְׁלוּלִים בשלשלאות a troop of old men chained with chains. to make chain-stitches, to baste, opposite אחה to sew together with fine stitches. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 82ᵇ top על כל המתים הוא שׁוֹלֵל … ומאחה וכ׳ for all deceased relatives one may baste the rent after seven days, and sew it after thirty days; ויִשְׁלוֹל יום שביעי וכ׳ let him be permitted to baste it on the seventh day etc.; Treatise Smachoth, Treatise Chaldaic (Aramaic) 9; Moed Katan 22ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) האשה שׁוֹלַלְתּוֹ וכ׳ a woman may baste it immediately (after rending), out of regard for her dignity; the same place (ibid.) 26ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) דלא ניתן לשׁוֹלְלוֹ because it is not to be basted (during the seven days); and elsewhere Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁילֵּל to hang with, decorate with.—participle passive מְשׁוּלָּל. Mechilta Beshallach, section 1 מְשׁוּלָּלִין בזיין, see שָׁלִישׁ. ↗ original

שָׁלַל 2 (Biblical Hebrew) to draw, capture; to carry off. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 38; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 134 שְׁלָלָהּ וכ׳ he (Shechem) carried her off and slept with her.—Transferred (of water) to make inroads. Bava Kamma 61ᵃ, and elsewhere שׁוֹלְלִין, see שְׁלוּלִית. Hithpol. הִשְׁתּוֹלָל to be bereft (of reason), be senseless. Sanhedrin 97ᵃ (explained Isaiah 59, 15) וסר מרע מִשְׁתּוֹלֵל על הבריות he that departs from evil is considered by people as senseless. ↗ original

שָׁלָל 1 the preceding) booty, gain. Bava Kamma 61ᵃ, see אֲגַף. Shemoth Rabbah section 18 (referring to Isaiah 8, 3) ומיהר לבוז שְׁלָלָם (edition Leipz. שלול, read: שְׁלָלוֹ) and he shall hasten to plunder their (his) booty. Mechilta Beshallach, Shir., section 7 [read:] מוחלק אני להם שְׁלָלִי וממוני להם I am assigned to them, my booty and my own property shall be theirs; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 249; and elsewhere ↗ original

שָׁלָל 2 (שָׁלַל 1) chain, loose stitch, baste. Moed Katan 26ᵇ הקורע מתוך הש׳ he who rends his garment (in mourning) where it has been stitched; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 83ᵇ top מן הש׳. ʿUktsin 2, 6 שְׁלַל הכובסין the washers’ materials loosely stitched together; Shabbath 48ᵇ ש׳ של כובסים.—Transferred ש׳ של ביצים embryonic eggs laced together with veins; ovary of birds. Tosefta Zavim 5, 9; Betzah 7ᵃ ↗ original

שְׁלָלָא = Hebrew שָׁלָל I. Targum Esther 3, 13 שְׁלַלְהוֹן (edition Lagarde edition שְׁלָלֵיהוֹן plural). ↗ original

שָׁלֵם (Biblical Hebrew) to be whole, complete; to end, cease. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 8, 22ᶜ bottom of the page שלום שבימיו שָׁלְמָה וכ׳ Zedekiah was named Shallum, because in his days ended the reign of the house of Judah; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 6, 49ᵈ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Horayoth 3, 47ᶜ bottom of the page; Babylonian Horayoth 11ᵇ; Kerithoth 5ᵇ ששלם (correct accordingly); Yalkut Shimoni Kings 250; Yalkut Shimoni Chronicles 1085. Pesikta Rabbati section 6 (referring to I Kings 7, 51) כיון שבא … עכשיו שלמה מלאכת וכ׳ when Solomon came and built the Temple, the Lord said, now the work of heaven and earth (creation) is complete; Yalkut Shimoni Kings 186 שְׁלֵימָה. Pesikta Rabbati the passage cited כיון שהִשְׁלִימוּ … שלמה נפשם when the workmen had finished their work, their life was finished (they died); Yalkut Shimoni the passage cited; and elsewhere Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁלִים to complete, finish. Pesikta Rabbati the passage cited, see above. Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 1, 57ᵃ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 2, 34ᵃ top מכיון שהוא עומד … מַשְׁלִים שנתו since he stands in (has entered) the third year of the tree, he may count it a full year. Yoma 33ᵃ (referring to Leviticus 6, 5, play on עליה … השלמים) עליה הַשְׁלֵם כל וכ׳ with it (the evening sacrifice) cease all sacrifices (none can be offered after it). Bava Kamma 10ᵃ החופר … והִשְׁלִימָהּ לעשרה if one digs a pit nine cubits deep, and another comes and completes it to the legal size of ten. Berachoth 47ᵇ שחרר … והִשְׁלִימוֹ וכ׳ he freed his slave and used him to complete the quorum of ten persons. the same place (ibid.) 8ᵇ המשלים פרשיותיו, see פָּרָשָׁה I. Pesikta Rabbati the passage cited לכך נקרא שלמה שה׳ … לתוך מעשה ידיו he is called Sh’lomoh (perfect), because God caused the work of creation to be perfected through his handiwork (the Temple); Yalkut Shimoni Kings the passage cited; and frequently—Esp. to finish the fast-day. Taanith 7, 9 יַשְׁלִימוּ they must fast the whole day. Yoma 82ᵃ מַשְׁלִימִין they must fast to the end of the day; and frequently—participle passive מוּשְׁלָם perfect, virtuous. Horayoth the passage cited he was named Shallum שהיה מ׳ במעשיו Agadoth hat-Torah (edition משולם) because he was perfect in his deeds; Yalkut Shimoni Kings 250; Yalkut Shimoni Chronicles the passage cited (denominative of שָׁלוֹם) to make friends, or to surrender. Sukkah 52ᵃ (referring to Proverbs 25, 22) א"ת יְשַׁלֵּם אלא יַשְׁלִימֶנּוּ לך read not y’shallem (he will pay) but, he will surrender him (the evil spirit) to thee; (commentary or commentaries; he will make him be friends with thee).—participle passive as ab. Bamidbar Rabbah section 7⁴ אחד עשר יום היו מוּשְׁלָמִים לאלהים eleven days were they (the Israelites) at peace with God (adhered to him sincerely); כ"ט יום … מוּשְׁלָמִין twenty-nine days they were sincere servants of God, opposite עשו את העגל. the same place (ibid.) אינם מושלמים לי וכ׳ (edition Vilna edition משלמים, correct accordingly) they will be faithful to me only forty days. Bereshith Rabbah section 16, beginning מ׳ לבוראו faithful to his Creator; and elsewhere Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׁלַם to be finished, to end. Tanchuma Mishpatim 19 המלאך אומר נ׳ פלוני the angel says, such and such has ended (must die). Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁלֵּם to perfect.—participle passive מְשׁוּלָּם. Horayoth the passage cited, see above. Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 458 מְשׁוּלָּמִים, see שָׁלוֹם. to compensate, reward, pay. Pesikta Rabbati the passage cited (play on ותשלם, I Kings 7, 51) עלי לשַׁלֵּם להם מתן שכר it is for me to pay them their reward. the same place (ibid.) עלי לשלם לו it is for me to compensate it (the month of Kislev) for its loss; ומה ש׳ לו וכ׳ and wherewith did he compensate it? With the dedication under the Hasmonean house. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, 65ᵇ top (referring to Micah 7, 3) שַׁלֵּם לי וַאֲשַׁלֵּם לך (the judge says,) pay me, and I shall pay thee (decide in thy favor). Bava Kamma 1, 1 חב המזיק לשלם וכ׳ he that caused the damage is bound to pay etc. the same place (ibid.) 4 משַׁלֵּם נזק שלם must pay the full indemnity. Bava Metzia 3, 1 ש׳ ולא רצה וכ׳ if he pays in preference to making oath. Bava Bathra 3, 4 מְשַׁלְּמִין לו את הכל they must pay him in full. Avoth 2, 16 שׁיְשַׁלֵּם, see שָׂכָר; and very frequently ↗ original

שִׁלֵם to be perfect, complete, finished, spent. Targum Exodus 39, 32. Targum Genesis 47, 15 (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 חסיל). Targum Onkelos Exodus 23, 2 שְׁלַם (edition Berlin edition שָׁלִים); and very frequently—Moed Katan 28ᵇ דשְׁלִימוּ וכ׳, see זְוָדָא. to be peaceful, sincere, friendly; see שְׁלִים. Af'el הִפְעִיל אַשְׁלֵים to complete, finish, fulfil. Targum 2 Samuel 22, 26; Targum Psalms 18, 26. Targum Job 23, 14 (edition Vilna edition שַׁלְיֵם, correct accordingly). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Exodus 12, 42, see שְׁלָה; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 1, 19ᵃ top קם ר׳ נתן וא׳ R. N. stood up and completed the verse. Berachoth 8ᵇ אַשְׁלִימוּ וכ׳ finish your readings, keeping pace with the congregation, see פָּרָשָׁה I. Taanith 25ᵇ סבר לאַשְׁלוּמינְהוּ he wanted them to finish the fast; and frequently to fill, set. Targum Exodus 28, 17; 39, 10 (Hebrew text מלא). the same place (ibid.) 31, 5. to make peace, be at peace. Targum Joshua 10, 1; 4. Targum 2 Samuel 10, 9. the same place (ibid.) 20, 18; and elsewhere (with בתר) to follow exactly, faithfully. Targum Numbers 14, 24 (Hebrew text מלא). Targum Deuteronomy 1, 36. Targum I Kings 11, 6. to surrender, hand over, entrust. Targum Deuteronomy 32, 30 (Hebrew text הסגיר). Targum Exodus 31, 3 אשל׳ עימיה וכ׳ I entrusted to him etc. (Hebrew text ואמלא אותו); and elsewhere—Bava Metzia 85ᵃ אַשְׁלְמֵיה לר׳ שמעון וכ׳ he gave him in charge of Rabbenu Shimshon (to teach him). Yoma 83ᵇ אַשְׁלִימוּ ליה וכ׳ they gave him their money-bags in trust; and elsewhere Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁלֵּם to complete; to supply. Targum I Kings 9, 25. (with בתר) to follow. Targum Onkelos Exodus 20, 5; Targum Jeremiah 32, 18. to recompense, pay. the same place (ibid.) Targum Exodus 21, 34; 36. Targum Job 20, 10; and frequently—Bava Kamma 13ᵇ בעית לשַׁלּוּמֵי את you would have to pay; בעינא לשלומי must I pay? the same place (ibid.) 53ᵃ לִישַׁלֵּם האי פלגא וכ׳ let this one pay half, and the other one half; and frequently Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּלֵּם, Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׁתְּלִים, אִישְּׁלִים to be paid; to be rewarded, recompensed. Targum Psalms 65, 2. Targum Proverbs 19, 17 manuscript (edition מְשַׁלֵּם). Targum Isaiah 42, 19; and elsewhere—Pesachim 28ᵃ מִשְׁתְּלִים, see גִּירָאָה. Bava Kamma the passage cited כל היכא … לאִשְׁתַּלּוּמֵי מהאי מִשְׁתַּלֵּם מהאי where indemnity cannot be had from him (who dug the pit), it may be had from him (who owns the pit). the same place (ibid.) מה דאית לי לאשתלומי מהאיך מִשְׁתַּלַּמְנָא … משתלמנא ממך whatever I can get from him I take; what I cannot get from him, I must get from you; and frequently to be perfect. Megillah 23ᵃ he was called Meshullam, דמִישְּׁלַם בעובדיה (Munich manuscript דמוּשְׁלָם Hebraism) because he was perfect in his conduct, see שָׁלַם; Yalkut Shimoni Nehemiah 1070 דמִשְּׁלַם. ↗ original

שָׁלֵם 2 preced.) whole, complete. Nazir 44 לאביו בזמן שהוא ש׳ וכ׳ ‘for his father’ (Leviticus 21, 2) as long as his body is intact (he may defile himself by contact), but not when it is defective. Bava Kamma 1, 4, and frequently נזק ש׳ (abbreviated or abbreviation נ"ש), see נֵזֶק. Bereshith Rabbah section 79 (referring to Genesis 33, 18) ש׳ בגופו intact in his body; ש׳ בבניו intact in his children; ש׳ בממונו unimpaired in his possessions; ש׳ בתלמודו whole in his learning (having forgotten nothing of his paternal lessons). Sifra Vayikra, N’dabah, Parah 13, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 16 (play on שְׁלָמִים) מי שחוא ש׳ מביא שלמים היה אונן וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition שָׁלוֹם) if he is whole (mourns over no loss), he may bring a peace-offering, if he is a mourner, he dare not. the same place (ibid.) כל קרבן … היה ש׳ מביא וכ׳ whatever sacrifice he may offer, if he is whole, he may etc. Niddah 5, 3 כחתן ש׳, see חָתָן; and frequently—Bava Kamma 116ᵇ נותן לו שכרו מִשָּׁ׳ he must pay him the full (promised) reward, opposite אין לו אלא שכרו he can claim only the ordinary wages for his labor.—plural שְׁלֵמִים, שְׁלֵמִין, שְׁלֵי׳. Sifra the passage cited Berachoth 39ᵇ פתיתין וש׳ broken pieces of bread and whole loaves. Shabbath 98ᵇ ש׳ solid boards, opposite דנִיסְרָא; and frequently—Fem. שְׁלֵמָה, שְׁלֵי׳. Zevachim 5ᵃ משנה ש׳ a perfect (undisputed) Mishnah. Berachoth the passage cited פרוסה של חיטין וש׳ וכ׳ if there is before you a piece of wheat bread, and a whole loaf of barley bread. the same place (ibid.) מניח … בתוך הש׳ he places the broken with the whole loaf. the same place (ibid.) וש׳ משנתך (Munich manuscript ושלום) and what thou teachest is perfect. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4, 15. Menachoth 65ᵇ ולא תהא תורה ש׳ שלנו וכ׳ should not our perfect Torah pass for as much as your idle talk?; and frequently—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 2, 29ᵇ bottom of the page מצה שלמה, see שְׁלֹמֹה.]—plural שְׁלֵמוֹת, שְׁלֵי׳. Treatise S’maḥoth Chaldaic (Aramaic) 8, end (referring to Deuteronomy 27, 6) ומה אבנים … יהיו ש׳ לפני בני תורה … יהיו שלימים לפני הקב"ה וכ׳ of stones (for the altar) which do not see …, because they make peace between Israel and their father in heaven, the Lord says, they must be whole before me, how much more must scholars, I who are an atonement for the world, be whole before the Lord!; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁלָם = Hebrew שָׁלוֹם, perfection, soundness, health, peace. Targum Psalms 38, 4. Targum Genesis 43, 23. the same place (ibid.) 27. Targum Judges 11, 13. Targum Deuteronomy 20, 10 (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition Vienna edition לְשׁלֵּם, correct accordingly). the same place (ibid.) 11 (Yerushalmi (prefix) I דִּשְׁלֵם, correct accordingly; and frequently).—Taanith 24ᵇ they called to me in my dream, ש׳ טב לרב טב וכ׳ good health to the good teacher from the good Lord etc. the same place (ibid.) 9ᵇ ליזלו רבנן בש׳ may our teachers (you) go in peace. Yoma 71ᵇ, see עֲמַם 2; and very frequently—שאל בש׳ to inquire after the health of; to salute. Targum Genesis 43, 27; and frequently (see also סְעַר I).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 4ᵇ, and elsewhere לא שאיל בשְׁלָמֵיה, see זְעֵיר 2; the same place (ibid.) דלא שאל בשְׁלָמִי he did not salute me. Berachoth 9ᵇ כי … שאיל בשְׁלוֹמֵיה וכ׳ when you go up there (to Palestine), greet my brother etc.; and frequently—יהב ש׳ to offer peace, salute. Taanith 23ᵃ and the following יהבו ליה ש׳ ולא וכ׳ they saluted him, but he did not look at them in a friendly way (give no sign of recognition). the same place (ibid.)ᵇ מ"ט כי יהיבנא למר ש׳ וכ׳ when we saluted you, why did you make no recognition? Gittin 62ᵃ מקדים ויהיב להו ש׳ saluted them (gentiles) first; and frequently—5. בִּשְׁלָמָא. ↗ original

שָׁלֵם ² ; plural שַׁלְמִין; שַׁלְמַן, see שְׁלִים. ↗ original

שַׁלָּמָא , see שַׁלמָנָא ↗ original

שַׁלְמָאָה Shalmaite, an Arabic tribe. Targum Onkelos Numbers 24, 21 (Yerushalmi (prefix) שַׁלְמַיָּא, read: מָיָא …; Hebrew text קיני). Targum I Samuel 15, 6. Targum Judges 4, 17; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 6, 36ᵇ bottom of the page (= קנזי, Genesis 15, 19); Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 61ᵈ top שמלאי (correct accordingly; = קיני); Bereshith Rabbah section 44 (= קנזי); Bava Bathra 56ᵃ (= קדמני).—plural שַׁלְמָאֵי. Targum Onkelos Genesis 15, 19 (Hebrew text הקיני; Yerushalmi (prefix) שַׁלְמַיָּא, read: שַׁלְמָיָא sing.). ↗ original

שַׂלְמָה see שִׂמְלָה) cloak, garment. Bereshith Rabbah section 3 נתעטף בה הקב"ה כש׳ the Lord wrapped himself in it (the light) as in a cloak; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 862 נתעטף הקב"ה בשמלה; Shemoth Rabbah section 50. Sanhedrin 102ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁלֹמֹה (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Solomon, king of Israel. Berachoth 10ᵃ כנגד מי אמר ש׳ וכ׳ with reference to whom did Solomon say that verse (Proverbs 31, 26)? Sanhedrin 20ᵇ בתחלה מלך ש׳ על העליונים וכ׳ Solomon ruled first over those on high etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 20ᶜ ירד מלאך … ש׳ וכ׳ an angel came down in the image of S. and made him rise from his throne etc.; Koheleth Rabbah to 2, 2. Pesachim 36ᵇ אפי׳ כמצות של ש׳ even unleavened cakes like those of Solomon (of the finest flour) may be used on the Passover; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 29ᵇ bottom of the page מצה שלמה (insert של, or read: מַצַּת). ↗ original

שַׁלְמוּתָא , see שְׁלֵימוּתָא ↗ original

שֶׁלֶמְיָא Shelemia, father of חיננא. Bava Bathra 111ᵃ ↗ original

שַׁלְמָיָא , see שַׁלְמָאָה ↗ original

שְׁלָמִים see שָׁלוֹם; supply (understood word) זבח) peace-offering. Sifra Vayikra, N’dabah, Parah 13, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 16, see שָׁלֵם 2. Zevachim 1, 2 שׂשחטן לשם ש׳ which were killed as peace-offerings. the same place (ibid.) 5, 5 זבחי שַׁלְמֵי ציבור congregational peace-offerings; and very frequently ↗ original

שַׁלְמָנָא (שְׁלֵם) perfect, righteous, honest. Sanhedrin 7ᵃ, see בֵּיר; Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 960. Sanhedrin 22ᵃ בש׳ נקיט Munich manuscript (edition לשַׁלָּמָא), see גַּנָּבָא; Yalkut Shimoni Kings 166 בשלמא. ↗ original

שְׁלַמְצָה (abbreviated or abbreviation of שלם ציון) Sh’lamtsa, Sh’lamtsu (Salome Alexandra), wife and successor of king Alexander Jannai. Vayikra Rabbah section 35; Sifra B’huck. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 1; Taanith 23ᵃ quoted in Tosafoth to Shabbath 16ᵇ של ציון. Shabbath 16ᵇ של ציון (Munich manuscript שלציון, in one wd.). Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 11 שלמתו (correct accordingly). ↗ original

שְׁלֵמְתָּא , see שְׁלִים, שְׁלֵימוּתָא. ↗ original

שלמתו , see שְׁלַמְצָה ↗ original

שְׁלָנָא (שְׁלֵי 2) thoughtless, unsuspecting. Targum Judges 5, 27 edition Venice I (missing in editions). ↗ original

שְׁלַנְיָא Sh’lanya in Babylonia. Moed Katan 12ᵇ (Munich manuscript שִׁילִינְיָא). ↗ original

שֶׁלַע (שלע = שלו; see letter ו) sediment; ש׳ טיט muddy alluvium. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 39ᶜ שלעטיט (some edition שלעטוט, correct accordingly). 5. שֵׂרָטוֹן. ↗ original

שלעטוט , see the preceding ↗ original

שלעל , Tosefta Chullin 1, 15 מששלעלו, see עִלְעֵל 2 ↗ original

שָׁלַף to be lax, hang down, be loose, slip. Denom. שָׁלִיף. to loosen, take off, pull, draw a sword. Vayikra Rabbah section 34 יִשְׁלוֹף Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition ישמוט) may he loosen (release), see חָלַץ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 60ᶜ top (referring to Ruth 4, 7) מי ש׳ which took the shoe off (the buyer or the seller)? Bamidbar Rabbah section 14⁴ מסמר … נוח לִשְׁלוֹף a nail with a big head is easily pulled; Pesikta Rabbati section 3. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 120 אם יִשְׁלוֹף האדם וכ׳ if a man draws the sword which he has in his hand to slay his neighbor etc.; and elsewhere Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׁלַף to be loosened, drawn. Bereshith Rabbah section 93; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 150 ואינה נִשְׁלֶפֶת, see תַּעַר. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁלִיף to pull, pluck the last growth. Bereshith Rabbah section 20; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 32 על … שאדם מַשְׁלִיף שדהו אוכלה וכ׳ this (Genesis 3, 18) was said with reference to these days, when one plucks his field over and again and eats it (the aftermath) etc., see Pesachim 118ᵃ ↗ original

שְׁלַף , to loosen, pull, draw. Targum Hosea 4, 11. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 31, 8. Targum Judges 3, 22. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 3, 5; and frequently—Targum I Chronicles 1, 20 (play on שלף, the same place (ibid.)) ש׳ … לתחומיה (not לתחומיא) he drew the rivers into his domain.—participle passive שְׁלִיף. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 25, 10 (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 שְׁלוּפֵי Hebraism, plural, Hebrew text חלוץ).—5. שְׁלִיף 2.—Yevamoth 102ᵇ ממאי דהאי וחלצה … מִישְׁלַף הוא how do we know that this v’ḥal’tsah (Deuteronomy 25, 9) means taking off? Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 12, 13ᵃ top ושַׁלְפַת סיניה and she took off his shoe. Shabbath 59ᵇ דילמא שָׁלְפָא וכ׳ she might take off (her jewelry) and show it. the same place (ibid.) מְשַׁלְּפָא (Pa'el). the same place (ibid.) 82ᵃ ולא שליף ירקא וכ׳ and that no vegetable will be pulled, and eaten by you, out of the bunch etc. Shevuoth 31ᵃ שְׁלוֹפוּ, see פּוּזְמְקֵי. Eruvin 11ᵇ זיל שְׁלוֹף וכ׳ go and pull (the reeds) out, and throw them away; and frequently—Transferred (compare נתר, שרי) to untie, annul. Gittin 33ᵇ מילתא … למִישְׁלְפָהּ an act performed in the presence of ten persons, requires ten for revoking it; and elsewhere—Yevamoth 109ᵇ ערבי שלציון דעבדי שְׁלוֹף דוץ the guarantors of Shaltsiyon, where they practice ‘pull and stick in’, release the debtor and seize the guarantor.—Shabbath 90ᵃ, and elsewhere שלוף דוץ, see שְׁלוֹף.—[Shabbath 98ᵇ; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 370, see שַׁלְחֵף.] Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁלֵּיף same. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 14, 40 (Hebrew text חלץ). the same place (ibid.) 43 (some edition Pe.).—Yevamoth 102ᵇ (referring to החלצו, Numbers 31, 3) שַׁלּוּפֵי מביתא וכ׳ it means tearing away from home to war. Moed Katan 4ᵇ, see דָּלַל. Shabbath 59ᵇ, see above; and elsewhere Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּלֵּיף, Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׁתְּלִיף to be drawn; to be loosened, to slip. Targum Ezekiel 21, 15 (Hebrew text הוחדה). Targum 2 Kings 6, 5. Targum Isaiah 33, 20 (Hebrew text יסע); and elsewhere ↗ original

שֶׁלֶף (the preceding) [that which is pulled out,] stubble field. Tosefta Bava Metzia 9, 29 אינו … נירה למניחה לפניו ש׳ it is not the same when he surrenders the land tilled (cleared), as when he surrenders it with the stubbles.—plural שְׁלָפִים. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 6, 12 מלקטת בש׳ picked up (ears) among the stubbles.—Transferred construct state שִׁלְפֵי, שִׁי׳ the end of a period. Yevamoth 116ᵇ ש׳ קציר חטים היו it was towards the end of the wheat harvest. Shabbath 60ᵃ ש׳ הגזירה היו (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) השמד; Munich manuscript שליפי, correct accordingly; Oxford manuscript שלהי, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) it was the end of the period of persecution; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 5 בש׳ השמד. ↗ original

שִׁלְפּוּחָא , see שִׁילְפּוּחָא ↗ original

שלפוחות , see next word ↗ original

שַׁלְפּוּחִית (Shaf. of נ־פח, with anorg. ל) [a saclike organ,] womb. Chullin 55ᵇ, see טַרְפַּחַת. the same place (ibid.) 48ᵃ top; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 10 שלפוחות (correct accordingly). the (bladderlike) gullet of a bird. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Vattom., p. 132ᵇ מביאה ש׳ של תרנגולת וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition Buber edition שלוט׳, correct accordingly; see Buber edition note 57) she took the gullet of a hen and filled it with balsam etc.; Vayikra Rabbah section 16, beginning Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition שפופרת של ביצה); Echah Rabbah to 4, 15 זפק; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 1032 שלחופ׳ (correct accordingly). ↗ original

שַׁלְפּוּפֵי (compare שָׁלִיף) [pouch-like buds,] undeveloped dates. Bechoroth 52ᵇ ש׳ והוו תמרי if (at the father’s death) they were shalpufé, and afterwards became full-grown dates; Bava Bathra 124ᵃ שְׁלוֹפָפֵי (Munich manuscript שלפפי; Manuscript Hamburg שַׁלְפּוּפָאֵי; Alfasi manuscript שְׁלוֹפָאפֵי; Manuscript Rome שלחופי = שלפוחי, see the preceding); Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 928. ↗ original

שַׁלִפּוּקִין , see שַׁלְבּוּקִין ↗ original

שִׁלְפֵי , see שֶׁלֶף ↗ original

שַׁלְצִיּוֹן (abbreviated or abbreviation of שלום ציון) proper noun of a female person Shaltsiyon, Salome Alexandra, see שְׁלַמְצָה. (supposed to be) proper noun of a place Shaltsiyon. Yevamoth 109ᵇ, see שְׁלַף.—[ surname of Ḥama bar Ada, an habitual pilgrim to Palestine (compare Psalms 122, 6). Betzah 25ᵇ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition שליח ציון a messenger to Zion)]. ↗ original

שָׁלַק (Shaf. of חלק, as שנק of חנק) (compare Assyr. שלק, Delitzsch, Friedrich Assyr. Handw. 666) to dissect. Bechoroth 45ᵃ מעשה … שׁשָׁלְקוּ זונה וכ׳ it happened that the disciples of R. Yishm. dissected the body of a prostitute that had been condemned to death etc. [to make smooth,] to boil thoroughly, boil to a pulp, seethe. Maasroth 4, 1 הכובש חשׁוֹלֵק וכ׳ he who presses, boils, or salts (vegetables, olives etc.) … is bound to give tithes. Tosefta Betzah 2, 15 ש׳ הימנו וכ׳ if he seethed a small portion of the Passover lamb, contradistinguished to בישל. Nazir 6, 9 (45ᵇ) היה מבשל … או שׁוֹלְקָן Yerushalmi (prefix) edition a. Babylonian (Mishnah edition שְׁלָקָן) having cooked or seethed the peace-offering; and frequently—participle passive שָׁלוּק; feminine שְלוּקָה. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 55ᶜ top מתני׳ אמרה הש׳ קרוי מבושל this Mishnah indicates that ‘seethed’ is called cooked. Nedarim 6, 1 הנודר מן המבושל מותר בצלי ובש׳ he who vows abstinence from ‘what is cooked’ is permitted to eat what is roasted or seethed. ʿUktsin 2, 6 ביצה ש׳ a hard-boiled egg; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 15; ביצה ש׳ וביצה טרמיסא (read: טרומיטא) a hard-boiled egg, or an egg boiled down to a pill, see טְרוֹמִיטָא; and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁילֵּק to make smooth, (of melons) to trim and rub. Maasroth 1, 5 אבטיח משׁיְשַׁלֵּק melons are subject to tithes as soon as the gardener trims them; ואם אינו מְשַׁלֵּק וכ׳ and if he does not trim them (before storing) etc.; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 6 תורמין … אע"פ שלא ש׳ you must give T’rumah of cucumbers and gourds, even if you do not trim them; and elsewhere to boil. Tanchuma Bresh. 7 אין לך … ואתה שוקד לשַׁלְּקוֹ וכ׳ there is nothing more bitter than the lupine, but thou takest pains to boil and sweeten it etc. Tanchuma Vaëra 14 נקבץ ונְשַׁלֵּק מהן we will collect them (the locusts) and boil (and preserve) them in casks. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׁלַק to be boiled. Nega'im 11, 8 השתי משׁיִשָּׁלֵק warp is susceptible of uncleanness when it is boiled (variant reading משׁיִשָּׁלֶה when it is taken out of the water); Sifra Thazr., Nega'im, Parah 5, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 13. ↗ original

שְׁלַק (compare בשל) to be overheated, blasted (by a hot wind). Targum 2 Kings 19, 26 דִּישְׁלוֹק (not דְּיִשְׁ׳); Targum Isaiah 37, 27 (Hebrew text שדפה). to boil thoroughly. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 6, 10ᵇ top בההוא דשָׁלֵיק in the case of one that boils (rice), contradistinguished to דטריף. Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 1, 43ᶜ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 6, 36ᶜ top שָׁלְקִין, see לְתַת; and elsewhere—participle passive שָׁלִיק, שְׁלִיקָא; feminine שְׁלִיקְתָּא. Avodah Zarah 38ᵇ מישחא ש׳ boiled oil. the same place (ibid.) אהיני שְׁלִיקֵי seethed dates (see אֲהִינָא). Gittin 68ᵇ; Pesachim 34ᵃ, see סְלַק. ↗ original

שֶׁלֶק (the preceding) seething, overboiled matter. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 6, 36ᶜ top מי ש׳ של ביצים water in which eggs have been boiled; Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 1, 43ᶜ. Berachoth 6, 8 אפי׳ אכל ש׳ וכ׳ even if one eats overboiled vegetable, and he makes a meal of it. the same place (ibid.) 44ᵇ ומי איכא מידי דהוי ש׳ מזונו (not מזוני) is there a thing which a person makes a meal of when it is boiled to a pulp?; and elsewhere—plural שְׁלָקִין, שְׁלָקוֹת. Tosefta Terumoth 7, 13; Y, the same place (ibid.) 8, 45ᵈ. Avodah Zarah 2, 6 ש׳ וכבשין things preserved by boiling or by pressing (by gentiles); and elsewhere ↗ original

שלקונדית , see סַלְקוּנְדְּרִית ↗ original

שַׁלְקוּקַיָּה (see שָׁלַקPi'el) trimmings, coiled and hairy substances covering gourds etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 1, 49ᵃ (explained משישלק, the same place (ibid.) 1, 5) מאן דו ירים ש׳ when he removes the trimmings; compare פַּקְסוּסַיָּה. ↗ original

שַׁלְקוּת Ben-Shalkuth (Shalḳith). Niddah 52ᵇ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 6, 5. ↗ original

שָׁלשׁ , see שְׁלשָׁה ↗ original

שָׁלַשׁ to do or come for the third time. Bamidbar Rabbah section 4²⁰ לא יצאת אותה שנה ולא שינתה ולא שִׁילְּשָׁה וכ׳ not that year passed, nor the second, nor the third, when etc., i.e. within three years these things occurred; and elsewhere to go back to the third generation. Bava Bathra 10, 7 יְשַׁלְּשׁוּ they should write the grandfather’s name in the document. to divide into three parts. the same place (ibid.) 3, 4 מְשַׁלְּשִׁין ביניהם the fine is divided between them (the three sets of witnesses convicted of an alibi); Makkoth 1, 3. the same place (ibid.) משלשין בממון ואין מש׳ במכות the monetary fine is divided, but not the punishment (but every one has to undergo the full punishment). Avodah Zarah 19ᵇ לעולם יְשַׁלִּשׁ אדם שנותיו שליש וכ׳ a man should always divide his years (his time) into three parts, devoting one third to Bible, one to Mishnah etc.; Kiddushin 30ᵃ יַשְׁלִישׁ (Hif'il). Shemoth Rabbah section 15²⁷ הריני מְשַׁלְּשָׁם I will divide them among us three; and frequently—participle passive מְשׁוּלָּשׁ; feminine מְשׁוּלֶּשֶׁת; plural מְשׁוּלָּשִׁים, מְשׁוּלָּשִׁין; מְשׁוּלָּשׁוֹת a) done for the third time. Avodah Zarah the passage cited, כתוב … ומש׳ בכתובים stated in the Torah, a second time in the Prophets, and a third time in Hagiographa; Megillah 31ᵃ; and frequently—b) divided into three, arranged in three classes, threefold. Devarim Rabbah section 2³³ (referring to והשלשית, Zechariah 13, 8) אלו ישראל אנקראו שלישין שהם מש׳ וכ׳ that means Israel, who are called ‘thirds’, for they are divided into three classes, priests etc. Midrash Proverbs to 22, 20 (referring to שלשים, the same place (ibid.)) כל מעשי תורה מש׳ היא מש׳ ואותיותיה מש׳ … שבט מש׳ וכ׳ all affairs of the Torah are threefold; itself is threefold: Torah, Prophets, and Hagiographa, and its signs are threefold: אמת (Truth); and it was given through a tribe third in order: Reuben, Shimeon, and Levi; משה מש׳ Moses the third born etc. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 1 כל מעשיו … מש׳ היו all the events of that man’s (Solomon’s) life were marked by three stages (rise, fall, and rise).—Bava Bathra 10, 7 ואם היו מש׳ and if the names are alike up to the grandfather (see above); and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 1, 33ᵇ, see מְשׁוּלָּשׁ.—c) developed to one third of the full growth, see מְשׁוּלָּשׁ. (apocop. of שִׁלְשֵׁל) to let down, see שִׁלְשֵׁל I. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁלִישׁ to divide into three parts. Kiddushin the passage cited, see above. Bava Metzia 42ᵃ לעולם יַשְׁלִישׁ … שליש וכ׳ a man should always have his capital divided into three parts, one-third invested in land, one in merchandise, and one in ready money; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 897; and elsewhere (see שָׁלִישׁ) to deposit. Kethuboth 6, 7 המַשְׁלִישׁ מעות לבתו … מה שׁהוּשְׁלַשׁ בידו if a father deposits money for the benefit of his daughter, and she says, I trust my husband (and want it to be given to him), the trustee must do that with it for which it was deposited with him; the same place (ibid.) 69ᵇ המשליש … לחתנו וכ׳ if one deposits money with his son-in-law to buy with it etc.; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 6, 9; and elsewhere Hof. הֻפְעַל הוּשְׁלַשׁ to be deposited, see above. Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִשְׁתַּלֵּשׁ to have been at a thing for the third time. Bamidbar Rabbah section 9, see מוּעָד. ↗ original

שָׁלַשׁ ² to let down, suspend, see שִׁלְשֵׁל I. ↗ original

שַׁלְשָׁא , plural שַׁלְשָׁוָון, see שַׁלְשֶׁלְתָּא. ↗ original

שְׁלשָׁה (Biblical Hebrew) three; construct state שְׁלשֶׁת; שְׁלשׁ. Shevi'ith 9, 2, see אֶרֶץ. Eruvin 40ᵇ, and frequently ש׳ רגלים, see רֶגֶל. the same place (ibid.) 41ᵇ ש׳ דברים מעבירין וכ׳, see עָבַר. the same place (ibid.) ש׳ אין רואין וכ׳ three classes of men will not see the face of Gehenna (having expiated their sins in this world): those afflicted with extreme poverty etc. Rosh Hashanah 10ᵃ, and frequently בן ש׳ three years old (in its third year). Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 1, end, 52ᶜ שְׁלָשְׁתָּן all three of them. Shemoth Rabbah section 15²⁷ שְׁלָשְׁתּנוּ all three of us; and very frequently—plural שְׁלשִׁים thirty. Rosh Hashanah the passage cited בן עשרים … וש׳ יום twenty-four months and thirty days old. Niddah 45ᵃ ש׳ יום בשנה וכ׳ thirty days of a year count for an entire year; and very frequently—Esp. sh’loshim, thirty days of mourning observances for a deceased relative. Moed Katan 20ᵃ נוהגת שבעה וש׳ the laws of mourning observances of seven days and of thirty days apply to it. the same place (ibid.) ישב עליו שבעה וש׳ he observed for him shibʿah and sh’loshim; and frequently ↗ original

שִׁלְשׁוּל (שִׁלְשֵׁל 1) letting down on a rope. Eruvin 83ᵇ לזה בש׳ ולזה בש׳ if both neighbors can use the wall by letting things down; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 8, beginning 25ᵃ; and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁלְשׁוּל ² (שִׁלְשֵׁל 2) forming chains, curls. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 4, end, 35ᶜ שִׁילְשׁוּלָן וכ׳, see חֶנֶט. ↗ original

שִׁלְשׁוּל ³ (שול, compare שַׁבְּלוּל; see שַׁלְשֵׁל 3) [slimy substance,] slimy abdominal secretion. Bereshith Rabbah section 51, beginning כש׳ הזה שהוא נמחה בצואה like the secretion which is dissolved in the excrements, see כִּילּוּיָא. snail, worm. Rosh Hashanah 24ᵇ מתחת לרבות ש׳ קטן ‘beneath’ (Exodus 20, 4) this includes the smallest earth-worms. Tosefta Chullin 2, 18; Chullin 40ᵃ השוחט … לשום ש׳ וכ׳ if one kills an animal in the name of mountains … or even of a small worm, such are ‘sacrifices of the dead.’ the same place (ibid.) 67ᵇ כל לרבות הש׳ והרומה לש׳ ‘whatsoever’ goes up on the belly (Leviticus 11, 42), this includes the snail and whatever is like it (worms); Sifra Sh’mini, Parah 10, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 12 השִׁלְשׁוּלִים (plural). Bereshith Rabbah section 8; Vayikra Rabbah section 14 ש׳ קדמך the worm has been created before thee (man); and elsewhere—plural שִׁלְשׁוּלִים, שִׁי׳, see above. ↗ original

שִׁלְשׁוּשִׁית , see לְשִׁישִׁית ↗ original

שְׁלשִׁית (שָׁלשׁ) three years old, in its third year. Parah 1, 1, see שְׁלִישִׁי. ↗ original

שִׁלְשֵׁל (שָׁלַל 1) to let down. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 7ᵇ top היו מְשַׁלְשְׁלִין וכ׳ in (edition Lehm. מְשׁלְּשִׁין) they lowered for them (the besiegers) two basketfuls of gold etc.; פעם שִׁילְשְׁלוּ וכ׳ once they let down etc.; Sotah 49ᵇ; Menachoth 64ᵇ; Bava Kamma 82ᵇ מְשַׁלְּשִׁין. Shabbath 1, 11 משלשלין את הפסח וכ׳ the Passover lamb is let down into the stove etc.; Tosefta Pesachim 7, 1. Tosefta Betzah 4, 3 אין משלשלין אותן וכ׳ you must not let them down from the window, but you may let them slide down on ladders (see edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) note). Vayikra Rabbah section 19 נטלוהו ושִׁלְשְׁלוּהוּ (לו) they seized him and let him down the wall; Bereshith Rabbah section 94, end. Yevamoth 16, 4 (121ᵃ) מעשה שׁשִׁלְשְׁלוּהוּ לים וכ׳ it happened at ʿAsia with one whom they let down into the sea (as diver), and (in hauling him up) they brought up nothing but his leg.; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 15ᵈ top ששלשלהו הים (correct accordingly). Eruvin 87ᵃ מְשַׁלְשֵׁל דלי וכ׳ he may let the bucket down and fill etc.; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 9 (6), 24. Bereshith Rabbah section 11 צריך לְשַׁלְשֵׁל (on the Sabbath) one must let his cloak hang down (not tuck up as for travel). the same place (ibid.) ושִׁילְשְׁלָהּ ר׳ זעירא R. Z. pulled it down; and frequently—participle passive מְשׁוּלְשָׁל; feminine מְשׁוּלְשֶׁלֶת hanging down. Menachoth 41ᵇ כמה תהא מש׳ Munich manuscript (edition מְשׁוּלֶּשֶׁת, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) how far must the threads of the show-fringes hang down (beyond the border)?; Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 750; the same place (ibid.) מְשׁוּלְשָׁלוֹת ארבע (Menachoth the passage cited singular) hanging down four finger-breadths. ↗ original

שִׁלְשֵׁל 2 (compare שָׁלַל I) to chain, couple. Tosefta Berachoth 6 (5), 6; Pesachim 105ᵇ ומְשַׁלְשְׁלָן כולן לאחרין and combines all of them (the benedictions) in the prayer after the meal. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 61ᵃ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, 3ᵃ אם יכול את לשַׁלְשֵׁל … שַׁלְשְׁלָהּ וכ׳ if thou canst couple a tradition by quoting authorities up to Moses, do so; if not, quote either the very first or the very last authority; and elsewhere—participle passive מְשׁוּלְשָׁל knotted. Bamidbar Rabbah section 9⁷ שהיה … לחבל מש׳ זה בזה וכ׳ his (Israel’s) offspring was like a rope knotted together, one part to the other, for all could trace their descent in uninterrupted succession. to form chains, curls. Shevi'ith 4, 10 החרובין משׁיְשַׁלְשְׁלוּ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) משׁיְשַׁרְשְׁרוּ) carob-trees (must not be cut down in the Sabbatical year) from the time that they form chains, see שִׁלְשׁוּל 2. ↗ original

שַׁלְשֵׁל 2 = Hebrew שִׁלְשֵׁל I, to let down. Targum I Samuel 19, 12. Targum Joshua 2, 15; 18.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 2, 20ᵇ bottom of the page הוה חמי ליה מְשַׁלְשֵׁל וכ׳ he saw him let his clothes down a little, and take them up a little; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 5, 55ᶜ top, Bamidbar Rabbah section 4, end משולשל (correct accordingly). Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּלְשֵׁל to let one’s self down. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, 45ᵈ bottom of the page דהוא מִשְׁתַּלְשֵׁל for it (the serpent) can let itself down (on the string). ↗ original

שַׁלְשֵׁל 3 (seeשִׁלְשׁוּל 3) to relax, loosen the bowels. Kethuboth 10ᵇ; Gittin 70ᵃ מְשַׁלְשְׁלָן they (dates) act as a laxative. ↗ original

שַׁלְשֶׁלֶת (שִׁלְשֵׁל 2) chain. Kelim 14, 3. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, 65ᵈ הריני עושה לה ש׳ … השַׁלֶּשֶׁת וכ׳ I will make a chain for it (the key), so that if its gets lost, the chain will point it out. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 5, end, 55ᵈ; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 5, 5 יוחסין(ה) ש׳, see יוֹחָס; the same place (ibid.) introduction שלשת יוחסין. Bamidbar Rabbah section 9⁷ והש׳ באה כך thus the genealogical chain is continued. Bamidbar Rabbah section 4⁸ צפה נח (ש)ש׳ האבות וכ׳ Noah foresaw that the genealogical chain of the patriarchs would begin with him (Shem); and frequently—plural שַׁלְשְׁלָאוֹת, שַׁלְשְׁלָיוֹת. Shabbath 89ᵇ, see רָאָה I. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 2, 26ᵈ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 3, 45ᵃ top (among the appurtenances of a siege). Eruvin 58ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original

שַׁלְשֶׁלְתָּא Targum Job 12, 18 שולשיל׳ manuscript (edition שוש׳). Targum 2 Esther 1, 2 שוש׳; and elsewhere—Kethuboth 27ᵃ מהדר ליה למתא שושיל׳ וכ׳ they place around the town a chain and a dog etc. (to guard against surprise). Gittin 68ᵃ, see שַׁסְתֵּם. the same place (ibid.) 56ᵇ תן לי … וש׳ וכ׳ grant me (spare) Jabneh and her scholars and the chain (the family of scholars) of Rabban G.; and frequently—plural שַׁלְשְׁלָוָון, שַׁלְשְׁלָוָותָא, שׁוּלְשְׁ׳, שׁוּשְׁ׳, שַׁלְשְׁלָן, שִׁילְ׳. Targum I Kings 6, 21 (edition Lagarde edition שִׁישְׁלָן). Targum Ezekiel 7, 23 שִׁלְשְׁ׳ (edition Lagarde edition שִׁישְׁ׳). Targum Judges 16, 21. Targum Isaiah 40, 19 (some edition שילשלין, correct accordingly). Targum Psalms 118, 27 שִׁלְשְׁלָוָן edition Vilna edition (edition Lagarde edition שושלוון). the same place (ibid.) 107, 14 שַׁלְשָׁלְוָתְהוֹן (manuscript שׁוּלְשְׁלָוַות׳). Targum 2 Esther 1, 2, end שלשלוון (some edition שַׁלְשָׁוָון); and frequently ↗ original

שַׁלֶּשֶׁת , see שַׁלְשֶׁלֶת ↗ original

שְׁלשֶׁת , see שְׁלשָׁה ↗ original

שָׁם (Biblical Hebrew) there, thither. Makkoth 2, 7 אינו יוצא מִשָּׁם לעולם he dare not go away from there (the city of refuge) all his life time; שם תהא דירתו שם וכ׳ there he must live, there he must die etc.; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3 (2), 5. Makkoth 4ᵃ שנפל שם which fell thereinto. Berachoth 5, 4 אם אין שם כהן וכ׳ if no priest besides him is present; and very frequently—Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 8, 9 שָׁמָּה, see רגָּז.—לְשָׁם thither. Shemoth Rabbah section 18; and frequently ↗ original

שֵׁם 1 (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Shem, son of Noah. Megillah 9ᵇ (referring to Genesis 9, 27) דבריו … באהלי שם let the speech of Japheth (Greek) dwell in the tents of Shem; see יָפְיוּת. Bereshith Rabbah section 63, see עֵבֶר I. Sanhedrin 69ᵇ. Shemoth Rabbah section 18 the Lord said, חייב אני לשם אביהם וכ׳ I am indebted to their (the Assyrians’) father Shem, because he and Japheth took their cloaks and covered with it etc.; and frequently ↗ original

שֵׁם 2 see שׁוּם a. mark, name, title, nature, denomination. Pesachim 3, 3 לא תקרא לה שם וכ׳ she must not name it (declare it to be Ḥallah) until it is baked. Terumoth 3, 5 האומר … קרא שם if one says, the priest’s portion of this pile is in it …, he has named it (designated it as T’rumah). Bereshith Rabbah section 25 (referring to Genesis 5, 29) לא השם הוא המדרש … הוא השם וכ׳ the name (נח) and the interpretation (ינחמנו) do not correspond; it ought to be either etc. Berachoth 2, 8 ליטול … השם, see נָטַל. Makkoth 1, 2 לא השם המביאו וכ׳ the title (the legal text) under which the false witness is doomed to lashes, is not the one under which he is bound to pay indemnity. Kinn. 1, 3 משם אחד sacrificial birds of the same denomination (intended for the same class of cases), opposite משני שמות of different denominations. Shabbath 12, 3 משם אחד two letters of the alphabet of the same name (אא, בב etc.), opposite משתי שמות two different letters (אב etc.). the same place (ibid.) שם קטן משם גדול וכ׳ a small name or word as a part (or abbreviation) of a larger one, as שם as a part of שמעון, of שמואל etc. the same place (ibid.) 103ᵇ שתי אותיות והן שם אחד two identical letters which represent a word, (as שש, which may stand for שֵׁשׁ or שָׂשׂ) etc. Shevuoth 3ᵇ, and frequently לא מן השם הוא זה וכ׳ this comes not under this title (this is not the real reason), but it is because etc. Kerithoth 3, 4 אינו מן השם the offence is not of the same class. Makkoth 4ᵇ, and frequently (על חבירו) מוציא שם רע who spreads an evil report about his neighbor (injures his reputation). Berachoth 17ᵃ גדל בשם טוב וכ׳ who has grown up with a good name, and departed life with a good name; and very frequently—Esp. הַשֵּׁם or שֵׁם the Divine Name, the Tetragrammaton, contradist. to כינוי attribute; in gen. the Lord. Sanhedrin 7, 5 המגדף … שיפרש השם the blasphemer is not punishable, unless he uses the Name explicitly. the same place (ibid.) 8 המקלל … בַּשֵּׁם he that curses his father or his mother is not punishable, unless he curses them with the Name. the same place (ibid.) 56ᵃ בידך את השם בכינוי (not בכינויים) if he curses God by using a divine attribute. the same place (ibid.) עד שיברך שם בשם unless he curses God and pronounces the Name. Yoma 3, 8; 4, 2; 6, 2 (בשם) אנא השם I pray, O Lord (pronouncing the Tetragrammaton). the same place (ibid.) כשהיו שומעים שם המפורש שהוא יוצא וכ׳ when they heard the Tetragrammaton pronounced etc., see פָּרַשׁ. the same place (ibid.) 4, 1 אחד … לַשֵּׁם on one of the lots was written ‘unto the Lord’; של שם the lot bearing the inscription ‘unto the Lord’; and very frequently; see שָׁמַיִם.—Especial uses: כְּשֵׁם שֶׁ־ the same as, as well as. Berachoth 9, 5 חייב אדם … כשם שמברך וכ׳ a man is bound to bless God for what is evil as well as he blesses for what is good. the same place (ibid.) 62ᵃ כשם שנפרעין וכ׳ as well as the dead are called to account etc., see סַפְדָּן. Sotah 5, 1 כשם שהמים … כך וכ׳ as the waters test her, so do they test him. the same place (ibid.) כשם שאסורה וכ׳, see בָּעַל; and very frequently—בְּשֵׁם, מִשֵּׁם in the name of, in behalf of. Megillah 15ᵃ כל האומר דכר בשם אומרו וכ׳ he who relates a thing in the name of him who said it (gives credit to authority), brings redemption into the world. Peah 2, 4 מִשְּׁמוֹ in his own name (as his individual opinion). Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, 64ᵃ הלכה … שאמר משם וכ׳ the rule follows the opinion of …, who said in behalf of etc.; and very frequently—לְשֵׁם for the purpose of, for the sake of, as; with reference to. Gittin 24ᵇ כתב רחמנא לה לִשְׁמָהּ the text (Deuteronomy 24, 3) says, ‘unto her’, that means, that it must be written especially for her. Yevamoth 47ᵇ, see שׁוּם 2.—Sanhedrin 99ᵇ העוסק בתורה לשמה who studies the Law for its own sake (for no selfish ends). Pesachim 50ᵇ לעולם יעסוק … אע"פ שלא לשמה … בא לשמה by all means let a man engage in the study of the Law and in good deeds, even if not for their own sake, for through the work for a selfish purpose he will arrive at the stage of doing good for its own sake. the same place (ibid.) 13ᵇ, and elsewhere שחטן לִשְׁמָן וכ׳ if he slaughtered them as such (as festive sacrifices) etc.; זרק דמן שלא לשמן if he sprinkled their blood, having in mind another purpose (another class of sacrifices). Bereshith Rabbah section 25 לשם קרבנו נקרא he was named (נח) with reference to his sacrifice (ניחח, Genesis 8, 21) ; לשם נחת וכ׳ he was named (נח) with reference to the rest of the ark (ותנח, Genesis 8, 4); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 42 על שם וכ׳; and very frequently—עַל שֵׁם (abbreviated or abbreviation ע"ש) with reference to, because. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, beginning 65ᵃ על שם ואנכי וכ׳ as a reference to (what Abraham said,) ‘and I am but dust and ashes’ (Genesis 18, 27). Bereshith Rabbah section 23, see טְבַרְיָא; and frequently; see שׁוּם 2.—plural שֵׁמוֹת, construct state שְׁמוֹת. Kinn. the passage cited Bereshith Rabbah section 26 כל הש׳ הללו וכ׳ all these names indicate rebellion etc., see מַרְדּוּת I. Bava Metzia 114ᵇ עובר בכל הש׳ הללו is guilty under all these titles (texts). Shevuoth 35ᵃ יש ש׳ שנמחקין ויש ש׳ וכ׳ there are divine names which may be erased, and such as may not be erased. Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 1, 56ᵈ bottom of the page שְׁ׳ המלאכים, see מַלְאָךְ; and frequently ↗ original

שֵׁם Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Exodus 31, 2. Targum Psalms 147, 4. Targum Onkelos Genesis 6, 4; and frequently—Sotah 49ᵃ יהא שְׁמֵיה רבא (abbreviated or abbreviation יה"ש"ר), see אֲגַדְתָּא. Avoth 1, 13, see נְגַד. Yoma 83ᵇ, see דּוּק. Berachoth 7ᵇ, see גְּרַם I. Shabbath 8ᵇ (in Hebr. dict.) שמיה הילוך comes under the category of ‘walking’; לא שמיה תשמיש does not come under the category of ‘use.’ Chullin 48ᵃ משמיה רר׳ וכ׳ in behalf of etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, 64ᵃ bottom of the page מן שמיה. Shabbath 145ᵇ שְׁמָאִי my name, see מָתָא; and very frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Orlah 1, 61ᵃ bottom of the page אית בני נש שְׁמוֹן בריכה וכ׳ there are persons whose name is B’rikah (meaning blessing), as one says, come thou, blessed of the Lord.—plural שְׁמָהָן, שְׁמָהָתָא; שְׁמַיָּיא, שְׁמֵי. Targum Genesis 2, 20. the same place (ibid.) 26, 18. Targum Onkelos Numbers 1, 5 שְׁמָהַת construct state; Yerushalmi (prefix) שְׁמָהָיַית; and frequently—Gittin 11ᵇ שמהתא … בשְׁמָהָתַיְיהוּ other names which Jews frequently adopt for their own, see נְסַק. Megillah 14ᵇ סניין שְׁמַיְיהוּ, see סְנֵי; and frequently ↗ original

שֶׁמָּא (= שַׁלָּמָּה, see דִּילְמָא I) [for why,] lest, perhaps. Avoth 2, 4, see פָּנָה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 39ᶜ top [read:] אי לי ש׳ מי שכתוב … עקב יבוא לנשכיני woe is me, (I am afraid,) lest he of whom it is written (Genesis 3, 15) … come to bite me; Babylonian Avodah Zarah 8ᵃ אוי לי ש׳ בשביל וכ׳ woe is me, lest the world grow dark around me, because I have sinned. Kethuboth 12ᵃ וניחוש ש׳ תחתיו וכ׳ but must we not consider the possibility that she may have prostituted herself while she was engaged to him?; and frequently שמא masculine apprehension, doubt, possibility. the same place (ibid.) 14ᵃ התם ברי הכא ש׳ there she asserts a certainty, here a possibility (as she cannot be certain about it herself). the same place (ibid.) וקיל ליה ש׳ וכ׳ and he regards this statement of a possibility so lightly that etc. the same place (ibid.) אפי׳ בש׳ נמי מכשיר even with her uncertain assertion he declares her fit for marriage. the same place (ibid.) 12ᵇ, and frequently ברי וש׳, see בָּרִי; and frequently ↗ original

שַׁמַּאי Shammai (abbreviated or abbreviation of שמעיה), (הזקן) ש׳ Sh., the colleague of Hillel in the Sanhedrin under king Herod. Chagigah 2, 2. Bava Bathra 133ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 5, end, 39ᵇ. Sukkah 2, 8, and elsewhere ש׳ הזקן. Eduy. 1, 1 and the following (differences between Sh. and Hillel). the same place (ibid.) 4; and very frequently—בֵּית שַׁ׳ (abbreviated or abbreviation ב"ש) the school of Sh., the disciples of Sh. the same place (ibid.) 7. Betzah 1, 1; and very frequently name of an Amora. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, 5ᵈ bottom of the page; and frequently 5. Friedman M’bo, p. 124ᵇ ↗ original

שִׁמָּאָה , see שִׁימָּאָה ↗ original

שְׂמֹאל common gender (Biblical Hebrew) left side, left hand. Yoma 4, 1 הסגן … מִשְּׂמאֹלוֹ the Sagan to his right, and the chief of the priests’ division to his left. the same place (ibid.) אם של שם עלה בשמאלו if the lot marked ‘unto the Lord’ came up in his left hand; הגבה שְׂמֹאלְךָ raise thy right hand. the same place (ibid.) 5, 1 מהלך לשמאלו walks to the left. Sanhedrin 107ᵇ, see דָּחָה. Sifré Deuteronomy 154 (referring to Deuteronomy 17, 11) אפי׳ … על ש׳ שהוא ימין וכ׳ even if they show it before thy eyes that left is right and right is left, listen to them; and very frequently ↗ original

שמאל , Hif'il הִשְׂמְאִיל (Biblical Hebrew) to go to the left; to be on the left side, go wrong. Shabbath 63ᵃ למַשְׂמְאִילִים בה to those who make the wrong use of it, see יָמַן. the same place (ibid.) 88ᵇ למשמאילים בה (Munich manuscript דלא איימין ליה, see וְמַן). Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 9 אלו … ואלו משמאילים those (pleading in favor of the accused) stand to the right, and those (against the accused) to the left; and elsewhere ↗ original

שמאל ² , Af'el אַשְׂמְאִיל Chaldaic (Aramaic) same. Koheleth Rabbah to 10, 2 (referring to Genesis 13, 9) (Abraham said,) אפי׳ את מחצף אנא מַשְׂמְאִיל לך even if thou shalt act irreverently (towards me), I shall show thee the left side (that thou art wrong). the same place (ibid.) הוה אמר … אַשְׂמְאִיל ליה וכ׳ he said to one of his household, show him the left side, and he showed him a cutting movement in that direction, see קְטִיף ↗ original

שְׂמָאלָא Chaldaic (Aramaic) = Hebrew שְׂמֹאל. Targum Numbers 22, 26; and elsewhere, see סְמָלָא.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 1, 37ᵃ top ש׳ הרי זו שבועה if one swears ‘by my left hand,’ it is a binding oath. ↗ original

שְׂמָאלִיתָא (the preceding) the left. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 11, 18. ↗ original

שַׁמְגַּז (probably) proper noun of a place Shamgaz; חלא ש׳ Sh. vinegar, a very pungent vinegar used as a restorative. Avodah Zarah 12ᵇ (Munich manuscript שמגן). Gittin 70ᵃ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition שמזג).—[Shabbath 67ᵃ כש׳ מריגז edition (Munich manuscript בְּשֵׁם מוריגן; Oxford manuscript בשם מרגיז, see מוֹרִיגַן.] ↗ original

שַׁמְגַּר (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Shamgar, one of the Judges of Israel. Ruth Rabbah to 1, 1. Tanchuma Aḥăré 12; and elsewhere ↗ original

שָׁמַד Hif'il; compare שמם, to be waste. Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁימֵּד [to destroy,] to persecute; to force to apostasy. Bereshith Rabbah section 82 ואם לאו הרי אני מְשַׁמֵּד אתכם and if you cannot answer, I will force you to forswear your religion; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 263 אַשְׁמִיד (Hif'il).—participle passive מְשׁוּמָּד converted to heathenism, which see Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁמִיד to destroy. Esther Rabbah to 3, 6 אני אמרתי להַשְׁמִידָם … להַשְׁמִיד וכ׳ I (the Lord) intended to destroy them, and, as it were, could not …, and thou wilt destroy, slay etc.? the same place (ibid.) to 3, 12; and elsewhere to force to apostasy, see above. Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִשְׁתַּמֵּד to be destroyed, cut off. Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 558 דואג נ׳ מעולם וכ׳ Doeg was cut off from this and from the other world; (Tanchuma M’tsorʿa 2 נשתרש). to apostatize. Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 7, beginning 48ᶜ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Horayoth 1, 45ᵈ bottom of the page Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 5, end, 55ᶜ מרים … שׁנִשְׁתַּמְּדָה וכ׳ Miriam … who renounced her religion, and married a Roman officer; Tosefta Sukkah 4, 28ᵈ; Babylonian Sukkah 56ᵇ Munich manuscript (edition שהמירה דתה). ↗ original

שְׁמַד Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁמֵּד to force to apostasy. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 4, 35ᵃ bottom of the page לא מתכוון מְשַמַּדְתְּכוֹן he has no intention to make you abandon your religion (to persecute you for your religion’s sake), but only to collect taxes etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 3, 21ᵇ top משמדתהון (correct accordingly). the same place (ibid.) לא אתכוון מְשַׁמַּדְתְּהוֹן וכ׳ he had no intention to force them to violate their religious laws, but merely wanted to eat fresh bread; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith the passage cited מְשַׁמַּדְתּוֹן. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּמַּד to renounce one’s religion, apostatize. Targum Onkelos Exodus 12, 43 (Hebrew text בן נכר).—Kiddushin 72ᵃ שמתינהו … ואִישְׁתַּמּוּד R. A. excommunicated them, and they renounced Judaism. ↗ original

שְׁמָד (the preceding) [attempt at destruction,] religious persecution. Tosefta Avodah Zarah V (6), 6 בי מוסייאות … שעת הש׳ אע"פ שעבר הש׳ וכ׳ altars which gentiles have put up at a time of religious persecution are forbidden (as to the use of the materials) even after the persecution is over; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, 45ᵃ top; Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 54ᵃ Munich manuscript (edition בשעת הגזירה). Tosefta Shabbath 15 (16), 17 במה דברים אמורים שלא בשעת הש׳ אבל בשעת הש׳ וכ׳ this (that one may violate religious laws to save his life) is said only when there is no general religious persecution, but during a persecution one must give up his life even for the least essential law; Sanhedrin 74ᵃ Munich manuscript (edition גזירת המלכות). Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 5 שלפי הש׳, see שֶׁלֶף; Shabbath 60ᵃ Munich manuscript (edition הגזרה); and frequently—plural שְׁמָדִים, שְׁמָדִין. Bereshith Rabbah section 67 (referring to Genesis 27, 40) אם ראית … גזור עליו ש׳ וכ׳ when thou (Esau-Rome) seest thy brother (Jacob) cast off the yoke of the Law, decree persecutions over him, and thou shalt have power over him. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 18, 5 שכמה ש׳ גזרו עלינו בימיה for they decreed many persecutions over us in her (Rome’s) days; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁמָדָא Chullin 101ᵇ ש׳ הוא דהוה וכ׳ Munich manuscript it was a time of persecution (when Jews were forbidden to observe their festive days), and they sent word from there (Palestine) that this year’s Day of Atonement should be observed on a Sabbath day. Bereshith Rabbah section 79 הוו טמירין … ביומא דש׳ were hidden in a cave for thirteen years during the (Hadrianic) persecution; Koheleth Rabbah to 10, 8. Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 77ᵇ top בשעת שׁוּמְדָּא; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁמָדוֹן (the preceding) Sh’madon, name of a demon. Bereshith Rabbah section 36 שידא ש׳ (not שמר׳; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אשמדון; compare אַשְׁמְדַאי); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 61. ↗ original

שָׁמָּה , see שָׁם ↗ original

שַׁמָּה desolation. Moed Katan 17ᵃ Munich manuscript, see שַׁמְתָּא. ↗ original

שְׁמָהָן , see שְׁמָא ↗ original

שְׁמוּאֵל (Biblical Hebrew) Samuel, S. the prophet. Berachoth 10ᵇ כש׳ הרמתי as Samuel the Ramathite (who declined all offers of hospitality). Nazir 5ᵃ. Shabbath 55ᵇ and the following כל האומר בני ש׳ חטאו וכ׳ whoever says that the sons of S. sinned, errs. Bereshith Rabbah section 85 בבית דינו של ש׳ in Samuel’s court of justice; and frequently ש׳ הקטן S. the Little, a Tannai. Berachoth 28ᵇ עמד ש׳ הק׳ וכ׳ Samuel the Little arose and arranged it (the benediction concerning the Minim, see מִין 3). Yerushalmi (prefix) Horayoth 3, end, 48ᶜ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 9, 24ᵇ. Sanhedrin 11ᵃ. Avoth 4, 19; and elsewhere Samuel, the Babylonian, contemporary of Rab, and founder of the college of Nehardea. Kethuboth 43ᵇ (surnamed Shaḳud); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, 28ᵇ bottom of the page (Shoḳed). Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 68ᵃ ש׳ ואילין וכ׳ S. and those of the house of Shila etc. Bava Metzia 85ᵇ, see יַרְחִינָאָה. Rosh Hashanah 20ᵇ. Sanhedrin 17ᵇ; Shevuoth 47ᵃ, see רַב 2. Shabbath 53ᵃ, see אַרְיוֹךְ; and very frequently name of several Amoraim. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 2, 20ᵇ top ש׳ הזקן. Sotah 10ᵇ ש׳ סבא.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 2, 28ᵃ; the same place (ibid.) 4, 29ᶜ; and frequently—S. bar Naḥmani or Naḥman. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, end, 46ᶜ. Berachoth the passage cited; and frequently—S. bar Imi or Ammi. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 3, 63ᵈ bottom of the page Sotah the passage cited; and frequently; and several others. 5. Friedman M’bo, p. 125ᵃ, and the following ↗ original

שְׁמוֹדַע , see אִשְׁתְּמוֹדַע I ↗ original

שִׁמּוּט , see שִׁימּוּט ↗ original

שָׁמוּט (שָׁמַט) nimble, long and thin. Tosefta Bechoroth 5, 1; Bechoroth 43ᵇ צוארו שקוט וש׳ one whose neck is sunk (very short), or shamuṭ, explained דאריך וש׳ long and nimble. ↗ original

שְׁמוּטָא —plural שְׁמוּטֵי. Kethuboth 60ᵇ הוו לה בני ש׳ will have children with long necks. ↗ original

שָׁמוֹטָא (the preceding) long stretched, name of a species of locusts. Targum I Kings 8, 37 (edition Vilna edition שְׁמוֹ׳; Hebrew text חסיל); Targum 2 Chronicles 6, 28. Targum Joel 1, 4.—[Targum Ezekiel 23, 20 שְׁמוֹטָא, read with edition Lagarde edition שמשא; see Kimḥi ad loc. (on the passage)] ↗ original

שְׁמוֹן , Yerushalmi (prefix) Orlah 1, 61ᵃ bottom of the page, see שְׁמָא ↗ original

שְׁמוֹנֶה , see שְׁמֹנֶה ↗ original

שִׁמּוּעַ , see שִׁימּוּעַ ↗ original

שַׁמּוּעַ (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Shammua, father of R. Eleazar. Yevamoth 62ᵇ. Eruvin 53ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original

שָׁמוּעַ (שָׁמַע) = מִשְׁמָע, sense, understanding. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 29ᵇ bottom of the page (referring to Psalms 60, 9) מנשה כשְׁמוּעוֹ Manasseh is to be taken in its ordinary sense (as referring to king Manasseh; (Bamidbar Rabbah section 14 beginning כמשמעו). Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 2, end, 40ᵃ כל ששמועו מרובה ושמועו וכ׳ wherever a Biblical text may be understood as comprising a larger or a smaller number, you must adopt the smaller number; Sifra M’tsorʿa, Zavim, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 7, Parah 5 (Tosafoth to Sukkah 5ᵇ quotes שמשמעו). ↗ original

שְׁמוּעָא see שְׁמוּעֲתָא, a. שֵׁמַע Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original

שָׁמוֹעָא (שְׁמַע) listening, attentive. Targum Proverbs 21, 28 (some edition שָׁמוּעָה). one that surrenders himself to the enemy, deserter. — plural שָׁמוֹעַיָּא. Targum 2 Kings 25, 11; Targum Jeremiah 52, 15 Kimḥi (edition שְׁמִיעיָּא; Hebrew text הנפלים). reporter of a tradition. — plural שָׁמוֹעִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 5, 9ᵇ bottom of the page לא בגין … ש׳ וכ׳ not because you are two reporters (is this the adopted law), but because of etc. ↗ original

שָׁמוּעָה , see the preceding ↗ original

שְׁמוּעָה report, news. Rosh Hashanah 3ᵃ (referring to Numbers 21, 1) מה ש׳ שמע וכ׳ what was the report he heard? He heard that Aaron was dead. the same place (ibid.) 18ᵇ שבו באת ש׳ וכ׳ on it (the fifth of Tebeth) came the report to the captivity that the city was taken (Ezekiel 33, 21); עשו יום ש׳ וכ׳ they observed mourning on the day they heard the news, as they would have done on the day when the Temple was burnt. Kethuboth 62ᵃ ש׳ דבית המקדש the news of the destruction of the Temple. Moed Katan 20ᵇ, and frequently ש׳ רחוקה the news of the death of a relative received after thirty days from the time of death; ש׳ קרובה news received within thirty days. Sanhedrin 110ᵃ; and frequently—plural שְׁמוּעוֹת. Berachoth 9, 2, see בְּשׂוֹרָה. Moed Katan 26ᵃ ש׳ הרעות bad news; and very frequently tradition, traditional decision, legal discussion (הֲלָכָה). the same place (ibid.) 23ᵃ אין אומרים ש׳ והגדה וכ׳ you must not speak of legal subjects or homiletical interpretations in the house of mourning. Sanhedrin 88ᵃ הוא אומר מפי הש׳ if he says, I gave my decision on the basis of a tradition, opposite כך הוא בעיני it is my own opinion. Eduy. 5, 7 אני עמדתי בשְׁמוּעָתִי … בשְׁמוּעָתָן I stood by my tradition, and they by theirs. Eruvin 64ᵃ כל האומר ש׳ זו וכ׳ he who says, this traditional decision is good, the other is not etc. Menachoth 18ᵃ כמדומה אני שלא כיווננו שְׁמוּעָתֵינוּ וכ׳ it seems to me that until now our traditions did not correspond; Tosefta Zevachim 2, 17 שמועתן (correct accordingly); and frequently—plural as ab. Chagigah 14ᵃ גבור בעל ש׳ ‘a mighty man’ (Isaiah 3, 2) that means a man knowing many legal traditions.—[שְׁמוּעָה in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict., see next word] ↗ original

שְׁמוּעֲתָא hearing. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 32, 1, see שְׁמִיעָא. report, news. Targum I Samuel 2, 24. Targum Psalms 112, 7; and frequently (also Hebrew form שְׁמוּעָה) tradition, traditional decision, law. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 1, 52ᵇ ר׳ חייא … עביד לה ש׳ וכ׳ R. Ḥ.… decided the matter by referring to a tradition etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 2, 53ᶜ top ולא ידעינן אם מן ש׳ אם מן מתניתא and we do not know whether he quoted a tradition (of Amoraim) or a Mishnah. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 3, 17ᵈ top ש׳ כן וכ׳ the traditional law is this: he that etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 9, beginning 50ᵃ ש׳ רובא ממתניתא the traditional law goes farther than the Mishnah. Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 2, 58ᵇ top מרה דש׳ the authority for that tradition; (Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 1, 18ᶜ bottom of the page דשמעתא); and frequently—plural שְׁמוּעֲיָין, שְׁמוּעָתָא. Targum Song of Songs 5, 10 שמועיין חדתין edition Lagarde edition (edition Vienna edition שְׁמוּעִין).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, 45ᵈ top מרי ש׳ = בעל שמועות, see the preceding ↗ original

שִׁמּוּר , see שִׁימּוּר ↗ original

שְׁמוּרַת , see שְׁמִירָה 2 ↗ original

שִׁמּוּשׁ , see sub שׁימּ׳. ↗ original

שַׁמּוּתִי (see שַׁמְּתָא) one that is under the ban and cannot be quoted as an authority. Niddah 7ᵇ בחייו … דר׳ אליעזר ש׳ הוא וכ׳ why did he not reinstate the practice in agreement with R. Eliezers’s opinion in his (R. Eliezer’s) life-time? Because R. El. was under the ban, and it was thought, if we act according to his opinion in one thing, we (people) might do so in other things, and out of respect for R. El. we should be unable to interfere etc. Shabbath 130ᵇ חדא דר׳ אל׳ ש׳ וכ׳ first of all, R. El. being under the ban dare not be quoted as an authority, and secondly one against many etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 1, 60ᶜ top ור׳ ליעזר לא ש׳ הוא but is not R. Liezer under the ban? (how can you quote him as an authority?); Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 5, 43ᶜ bottom of the page ↗ original

שַׁמּוּתִית , see שְׁחַמְתִּית ↗ original

שמזג , see שַׁמְגַּז ↗ original

שָׂמַח (Biblical Hebrew) to be merry, rejoice. Megillah 13ᵇ ש׳ שמחה גדולה he rejoiced exceedingly. Moed Katan 18ᵇ ראה … וש׳ he saw others do wrong and rejoiced over it; and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׂימֵּחַ to make glad, cheer. Bava Bathra 10ᵇ יְשַׂמֵּחַ את אשתו בדבר מצוה Munich manuscript (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) let him make his wife cheerful by means of a good deed. Rosh Hashanah 6ᵇ אשה בעלה מְשַׂמְּחָהּ as to a woman’s festive joy, her husband must rejoice her (with dresses etc.); Kiddushin 34ᵇ. Pesachim 109ᵃ חייב אדם לְשַׂמֵּחַ וכ׳ man is bound to gladden his children and the members of his household on the festival; במה מְשַׂמְּחָם wherewith should he gladden them? Kethuboth 8ᵃ (in marriage benedictions) מְשַׂמֵּחַ ציון בבניה who gladdens Zion through (restoring to her) her children; משמח חתן וכלה who gladdens bridegroom and bride; מש׳ חתן עם הכלה who gladdens the bridegroom with the bride; שַׂמֵּח תְּשַׂמַּח … כשַׂמֵּחֲךָ וכ׳ mayest thou gladden the beloved friends, as thou didst gladden thy creature (Adam) etc.; and frequently ↗ original

שָׂמֵחַ the preceding) bright, joyful, joyous. Kiddushin 66ᵃ היה ש׳ שמחה וכ׳ he rejoiced greatly (prepared a great festival), and invited etc. Berachoth 5ᵃ, see עָצֵב. the same place (ibid.) 9ᵇ אדם … וש׳ במצות he is a great man and glad when he can do good. Megillah 10ᵇ אין הקב"ה ש׳ וכ׳ the Lord does not rejoice over the downfall of the wicked; and very frequently—plural שְׂמֵחִים, שְׂמֵחִין, שְׂמֵי׳. Shabbath 145ᵇ, see מוֹעֵד. Yoma 21ᵇ עניים ש׳ … עצבין the poor are glad (because provisions will be cheap), and the property owners are sorry; Bava Bathra 147ᵃ. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 10; Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 77ᵇ bottom of the page והיו הדברים ש׳ וכ׳ and the words (of the Law which they quoted at the festive board) were as bright as when they were delivered from Sinai; and frequently—Fem. שְׂמֵחָה, שְׂמֵי׳. Pesikta Rabbati section 20 כשנתן … ארץ ש׳ ושמים בוכין when the Lord gave Israel the Law, the earth was glad, and the heavens wept; and frequently—plural שְׂמֵחוֹת, שְׂמֵי׳. Pesikta Rabbati section 21 בפנים ש׳ with a cheerful contenance; and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׂמְחָה the preceding) joy, rejoicing, festive occasion. Kethuboth 8ᵃ (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) אפושי ש׳ בעלמא הוא it is merely an extension of the wedding joy (not a new festive occasion). the same place (ibid.) מברך שהש׳ במעונו he says the benediction containing the words, ‘in whose dwelling there is joy.’ Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 9, 16ᵈ bottom of the page שִׂמְחַת זכר the joy over the birth of a male child. Bereshith Rabbah section 70; Moed Katan 8ᵇ ש׳ בש׳, see עָרב I; and frequently—Esp. שמחת יום טוב, or ש׳ the rejoicing on the festival (Deuteronomy 16, 11; 14). Rosh Hashanah 6ᵇ איתה בש׳ she (woman) is included in the commandment to observe the festival with joy. Chagigah 6ᵃ חנה … מיחייבא בש׳ was not Hannah herself bound to visit the Temple in order to rejoice? Pesachim 109ᵃ בזמן … אין ש׳ אלא בבשר … אין ש׳ אלא ביין as long as the Temple stood, the festive rejoicing consisted in eating meat (of the peace-offering), … but now … the festive celebration consists in partaking of wine; and frequently—plural שְׂמָחוֹת. Zevachim 102ᵃ חמש ש׳ היתה וכ׳ Elisheba had five joys (distinctions) more than ordinary daughters of Israel: her brother-in-law (Moses) was king etc.; and elsewhere—ש׳ (מסכת) S’maḥoth, one of the small treatises of Talmud Babli, euphem. for אבל רבתי, see אֵבֶל. ↗ original

שַׁמְחַזָּאִי Shamhazzai, name of a fallen angel. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 6, 4.—Niddah 61ᵃ סיחון … בר ש׳ הוו Sihon and Og were the sons of Aḥiah son of Sh. ↗ original

שָׁמַט to slip; (active verb) to loosen, detach; to carry off, steal. Bamidbar Rabbah section 4²⁰ (referring to 2 Samuel 6, 6) למה שָׁמְטוּ why did they slip (turn off)? Moed Katan 24ᵃ שמטו חזירים וכ׳ swine dragged his body off. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 3, 5ᵈ bottom of the page, and elsewhere שׁוֹמֵט וכ׳, see קְלִבִּנְטִירִין. the same place (ibid.) מטה … שׁוֹמְטָן ודיו in the case of a bed the poles of which are movable, one (in mourning) detaches them, and that is sufficient; Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 7, end, 40ᶜ שומטו (correct accordingly). Bava Metzia 104ᵃ שׁוֹמְטוֹ מעל גבי בניו he may take it (the pledge) from the back of his (the debtor’s) sons. Shemoth Rabbah section 43 והם שׁוֹמְטִים וכ׳, see טֶטְרָאמוּלִי. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 5, 30ᵇ היתה שׁוֹמֶטֶת עצמה וכ׳ she slipped away from under him; Sotah 9ᵇ נִשְׁמְטָה (Nif'al). Bereshith Rabbah section 14 שׁוֹמְטָהּ, see צָרַר I. Pesikta Rabbati section 20 נִשְׁמוֹט אותה let us abandon her (that she may not find her way home); מיד שְׁמָטוּהָ (not שמוטה) and so they abandoned her. Vayikra Rabbah section 34 יִשְׁמוֹט, see חָלַץ. Bereshith Rabbah section 20 שומט גידין וכ׳ it (the serpent) draws out fibres (see גִּיד) and eats them. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 114 (referring to Deuteronomy 4, 34 גוי מקרב גוי) כאדם ששומט את העובר וכ׳ as a man draws an embryo out of its mother’s womb. the same place (ibid.) למדנו צער לנִשְׁמָט לשומט מנין we learn here that there was pain for the body drawn out (Israel), whence do we learn that it was painful for him that drew out (for the Lord who redeemed them)?; and frequently—participle passive שָׁמוּט; feminine שְׁמוּטָה. Chullin 54ᵃ ש׳ ושחוטה וכ׳ if the trachea was found detached, yet cut through, the animal is kasher; שא"א לש׳ וכ׳ for it is impossible that a loose trachea should be cut through (therefore the detachment must have taken place after the ritual cutting). the same place (ibid.) 57ᵃ, and elsewhere שְׁמוּטַת ורך an animal with a dislocated thigh-bone; שמוטת וד with a dislocated foreleg; and elsewhere—5. שָׁמוּט. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׁמַט to be detached, slip away. Midrash Tehillim the passage cited, see above. Sotah the passage cited, see above. Bamidbar Rabbah section 1⁸ הר חורב שעליו נִשִׁמְטָה החרב וכ׳ it is named mount Horeb, because on it the sword (of judgment) was unsheathed (for crimes); (Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 684 נמשכה; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 796 נמתחה). Makkoth 2, 1, see קַתְּ. Sifra Emor, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 2, Parah 3 (explained שרוע, Leviticus 21, 18) שנשמטה יריכו (Rabad שנשתרבבה) whose hip is dislocated. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 5, 16 (ממנו) נשמטה נפשו his soul slipped away (from him), he fainted; and frequently—[Tosefta ‘Uktsin 1, 2 (Tbul Yom 3) נשמטין, read with edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) נִכְסָסִין.] Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁמֵּט to loosen, pluck, especially to thin a thicket of reeds. Tosefta Shevi'ith 1, 7; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 33ᵈ top מְשַׁמְּטִין בקנים you may thin reeds (in the Sabbatical year); מקום … ולְשַׁמֵּט וכ׳ where it is customary to clear vines and to thin reeds before etc.; and elsewhere to drag forth. Pesikta Rabbati section 17 ומְשַׁמְּטִים הבכורות מבין וכ׳ and the dogs dragged the dead bodies of the first-born out of the burial caves; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 186; and elsewhere (see שְׁמִטָּה) to cause release from debt; to cause cessation of field labor; (neut. verb) to come under the law of limitation of the Sabbatical year; (of the ground) to rest. Shevi'ith 10, 1 שביעית מְשַׁמֶּטֶת את המלוה וכ׳ the Sabbatical year causes cancellation of (cash) debts, whether verbal or written; הקפת … אינה משמטת, see הַקָּפָה; שכר שכיר אינו מְשַׁמֵּט a hired man’s wages do not come under the law of sh’miṭṭah; the same place (ibid.) 2 המוסר … אינן משמטין (not אינו) if one hands his notes over to the court, they are not subject to the law of limitation; the same place (ibid.) האונס … וכל מעשה ב"ד אינן משמטין fines for outrage …, and all obligations arising from legal procedures do not come under the law etc.; the same place (ibid.) 3, see פְּרוֹזְבּוֹל; [Yerushalmi (prefix) edition מַשְׁמִיט, מַשְׁמִיטִין etc. Hif'il interch. with Pi.]. Sifra Bechukkothai, Parah 2, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 7 אני אמרתי … ומשמטים לי אחת וכ׳ I have told you that you may sow six years, and let the ground rest for me one year, that you may know etc.; עמדו וגלו והיא תְשַׁמֵּט מאליה כל שמיטים וכ׳ go ye and be carried into exile, and it (the land) will rest of itself (making up for) all the Sabbatical years etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 675 והיא תַשְׁמִיט מאיליה עד שתרצה לפני כל שמיטין וכ׳. Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 38 הואיל ואין אתם משמיטין אותה היא תְשַׁמֵּט אתכם (edition Schechter ואי אתם משמטים את הארץ) because you do not let the earth rest, she will abandon you; ומספר ירחים שאי אתם משמיטין אותה היא תשמט מאליה (edition Schechter שאין אתם משמטים) and according to the number of months that you fail to let her rest, she will rest of herself. Gittin 36ᵃ בזמן שאתה משמט … משמט כספים when thou art bound to let the ground rest, thou art bound to cancel debts; and frequently—Sanhedrin 97ᵃ כשם שהשביעית משמטת … כך העולם משמט וכ׳ as the Sabbatical year causes cessation of field work once every seven years, so shall the world rest (be waste) one millennium in every seven millenniums. to remit a debt. Gittin 37ᵇ המחזיר חוב … יאמר לו משמט אני וכ׳ if a person pays a debt in the Sabbatical year, he (the creditor) must say, ‘I remit’ (and have no claim): but if he (the debtor) says, ‘nevertheless’, he may accept; Shabbath 148ᵇ; Sifré Deuteronomy 112; and elsewhere to abandon, send away. Aboth dRabbi Nathan the passage cited, see above. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁמִיט same, see above. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתַּמֵּט to slide, fall off. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 18, 11 מִשְׁתַּמְּטוֹת, see טֶלֶף. ↗ original

שְׁמַט to loosen, detach, break loose, take away. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 14, 40 (Hebrew text חלץ). the same place (ibid.) 43. Targum 2 Esther 3, 8.—Nedarim 48ᵇ דהיה שָׁמֵיט וכ׳ who was in the habit of stealing flax balls. Bava Bathra 28ᵇ מִשְׁמַט הוא דקא שמיט ואכיל he plucks and eats (as the fruits grow, but does not harvest); and elsewhere—participle passive שָׁמִיט; feminine שְׁמִיטָא. Bereshith Rabbah section 68 דין עיניה ש׳ (some edition שְׁמִיטָה; other שְׁמוּטָה Hebraism) one of them had an eye taken out (in a quarrel); Vayikra Rabbah section 8; Tanchuma Ki Thissa 5 שמיטי (correct accordingly). (neut. verb) to slip off, glide. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 19, 5 יִשְׁמוֹט (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 יִשְׁמֵיט; edition Vienna edition יַשְׁמִיט, correct accordingly).— to be released, rest, lie fallow. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 26, 35 שְׁמַטַת edition Berlin edition (other edition שְׁמֵיטַת; edition Vienna edition שְׁמָטָא, read: שְׁמָטַת). Targum 2 Chronicles 36, 21. to let rest, leave fallow, see below. Af'el הִפְעִיל אַשְׁמֵיט to release, remit a debt. Targum Deuteronomy 15, 2. to rest, lie fallow. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 26, 34, and the following; and elsewhere to abandon, let lie fallow. Targum Onkelos Exodus 23, 11 (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition Vienna edition תִּשְׁ׳, Pe.); and elsewhere—[Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 19, 5, see above.] Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁמֵּט to cause remission of debt. Gittin 36ᵃ מדאורייתא מְשַׁמְּטָא … דלא משמטא by Biblical law the Sabbatical year brings remission, and how could Hillel ordain that it should not bring remission? the same place (ibid.)ᵇ ותקינו … דתְשַׁמֵּט וכ׳ and the Rabbis had ordained that it should bring remission as a remembrance of the (Biblical) Sabbatical year; and elsewhere to let go, drop, discard. Tanchuma Vayishl. 8 [read:] שַׁמְּטֵיה discard it (the vow), see שִׁטְפָא. to tear off. Bava Kamma 117ᵃ שמטיה וכ׳, see קוֹעָא. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּמֵּט, Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׁתְּמִיט to slip off, be dislocated; to break loose. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 25, 8. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 21, 18 דמִשְׁתְּמִיט יריכיה (Hebrew text שרוע), see the preceding—Yoma 87ᵃ bottom of the page, see קוֹעָא; and elsewhere to relieve one’s self; to escape, get rid. Targum 2 Chronicles 21, 8. Targum Psalms 141, 6.—Bava Metzia 3ᵇ אִשְׁתַּמּוּטֵי הוא דקא מישתמיט וכ׳ he tries to get rid of him (for the moment), thinking, when I have the money, I shall pay him. the same place (ibid.) 17ᵃ; and elsewhere—Bava Bathra 48ᵇ דלא הוה ליה לאישתמוטי Munich manuscript (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) when he had no way of getting loose (by some subterfuge). Chullin 120ᵃ אִשְׁתְּמִיטְתֵּיה הא וכ׳ that which was said in the West escaped his attention. Bava Kamma 12ᵃ אִישְׁתַּמְּטִין עולא Ulla has escaped us (was afraid to oppose me); and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁמִטָּא , see שְׁמִטְּתָא ↗ original

שְׁמִטָּה the preceding) release, rest, especially cancellation of debts, and rest of the soil, in the Sabbatical year. Moed Katan 2ᵇ; Gittin 36ᵃ שְׁמִיטַּת קרקע the rest of the soil; שמיטת כספים the cancelling of cash debts. Sifré Deuteronomy 111 הש׳ שאין נוהג וכ׳ (supply (understood word) דבר) the law of the Sabbatical year which applies only to Palestine. the same place (ibid.) בא"י שאת עושה ש׳ in Palestine where you observe the Sabbatical year. the same place (ibid.) 112 ש׳ משמטת מלוה וכ׳ the Sabbatical year causes cancellation of debts, but the year of the jubilee does not; and frequently—Avoth 5, 9 על שמיטת הארץ וכ׳ (Mishnah edition הַשְׁמָטַת) for the neglect of the laws concerning land in the Sabbatical year and in the year of the jubilee; Shabbath 33ᵃ השמטת שמטין וכ׳.—plural שְׁמִטֹּות, שְׁמִטִּים, שְׁמִטִּין, שְׁמִיטּ׳. Moed Katan the passage cited; Gittin the passage cited בשתי ש׳ וכ׳ the text (Deuteronomy 15, 2) speaks of two releases, the release of the land etc., see above. Rosh Hashanah 1, 1 באחד … ר"ה לשנים לש׳ וכ׳ the first of Tishri is the New Year for years, for Sabbatical years, and for jubilees. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 85 אם … ועשו את הש׳ וכ׳ if they give forth the tithes, and observe the Sabbatical years etc. Shabbath 33ᵃ, see above. Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 38, see שָׁמַט; and frequently ↗ original

שַׁמְטוּטִין (שָׁמַט) slips, shoots. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 15; 4, 1 שַׁמְטוּטֵי, see שַׁבְטוּטִין. ↗ original

שמטי , Tanchuma Vayishl. 8, read: שַׁמְּטֵיה, see שְׁמַט ↗ original

שְׁמִטְּתָא = Hebrew שְׁמִטָּה. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 33, 24. Targum the same place (ibid.) 15, 1 (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition Vienna edition שְׁמִיטָתָא, correct accordingly); and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 4, 35ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 4, 44ᵇ; and frequently—plural שְׁמִטָּתָא, שְׁמִטִּין, שְׁמִיטּ׳. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 33, 24. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 12, 40 תלתין ש׳ דשנין thirty septennial priods; and elsewhere ↗ original

שַׁמַּי , see שַׁמַּאי ↗ original

שְׁמֵי , see שָׁמַיִם, a. next word ↗ original

שְׁמַיָּא = Hebrew שָׁמַיִם, heaven; in a transferred sense God. Targum Genesis 1, 1. Targum Deuteronomy 10, 14. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 25, 19 (26, 1); and very frequently—Berachoth 58ᵇ שבילי דש׳ (Munich manuscript דרקיעא), see נְהַר I. the same place (ibid.) 7ᵇ; Kethuboth 105ᵇ, and frequently מילי דש׳, see מִילָּא 2. Chagigah 12ᵇ חשוכא קמי ש׳, see חֲשֹׁוכָא 2. Sanhedrin 105ᵃ כלפי ש׳, see חוּצְפָּא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 11, end, 42ᵈ, see רָחִיק 2; and very frequently שְׁמֵי שַׁרְיָיתָא, שְׁמֵי טְלָלָא arch, ceiling. Targum I Kings 6, 15.—Berachoth 48ᵃ, see טְלָלָא; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁמִיטָא = Hebrew שָׁמוּט nimble, thin. Bechoroth 45ᵇ (explained קפח, Mishnah the same place (ibid.) 7, 6) באריכא ש׳ סניא it means one disgustingly long and thin. loose, detached, see שְׁמַט. ↗ original

שְׁמִיטָּא , see sub שְׁמִטּ׳. ↗ original

שַׁמַּיי , see שַׁמַּאי ↗ original

שְׁמַיָּיא , see שְׁמַיָּא ↗ original

שְׂמִיכָה a heavy cover, cloak. Vayikra Rabbah section 23; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 585; Yalkut Shimoni Judges 44 (explained סוּדְרָא, מְשִׁיכְלָא); the same place (ibid.) חזרנו … שׄמׄיׄ כׄהׄ וכ׳ we went over the whole Bible and could not find s’mikhah as the name of a garment, but (it is to be interpreted,) my (God’s) name testifies for her that this man did not touch her. ↗ original

שָׁמַיִם du. masculine du. (Biblical Hebrew) heaven; in a transferred sense Heaven, God. Bereshith Rabbah section 1 הש׳ נבראו תחלה the heaven was first created. Tamid 32ᵃ top מן הש׳ לארץ וכ׳ is it farther from heaven to earth, or from east to west? Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Joh. 1) מִשְּׁמֵי מרום from the high heavens. Nedarim 11, 12 (90ᵇ) ש׳ ביני לביניך heaven is between me and thee (I have an unconquerable aversion to associating with thee, see Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 42ᵈ bottom of the page, quoted under the word רָחִיק 2; different interpretation or differently interpreted in commentary or commentaries). Rosh Hashanah 19ᵃ אי ש׳ by Heaven! Bava Metzia 37ᵃ לצאת ידי ש׳ to do his duty towards God (see יָצָא).—Kiddushin 40ᵃ, and elsewhere רע לש׳, see רַע.—Sanhedrin 11, 5, and elsewhere בידי ש׳, see מִיתָה.—ירא ש׳, יראת ש׳, מלכות ש׳ etc., see respective determinants. ↗ original

שָׁמִין 1 (see שְׁמִינִי) Shamin, a coin, one eighth of an Italian Isar (As). Kiddushin 12ᵃ שתי פרוטות לש׳ the Shamin has two P’ruṭahs; Tosefta Bava Bathra 5, 12 לשמן edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading לשווין, correct accordingly); Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 58ᵈ שני פרוטות שמין.—plural שְׁמֹנִין. Kiddushin the passage cited שני ש׳ להנץ two Shamins make one Hannets (see הַנֵּץ); Tosefta the passage cited; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin the passage cited שני שמין ניצים (correct accordingly). ↗ original

שָׁמִין = Hebrew שָׁמֵן, fat. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 18, 8. the same place (ibid.) 7; see שְׁמַן. ↗ original

שְׁמֵינ־ , see sub שְׁמֵנ׳. ↗ original

שמינונית , see שַׁמְנוּנִית ↗ original

שְׁמִינִי eighth; one eighth. Sifra Sh’mini, Milluim, beginning ש׳ למנין the eighth day in the order of counting (from the initiation of the priests); ש׳ לחדש the eighth day of the month. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 8, 11ᵃ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 10, 37ᶜ bottom of the page חצי שמינית half an eighth (of a Log); and very frequently—Esp. שמיני, or ש׳ של חג the eighth day of the Succoth festival. Sukkah 47ᵃ אומרים זמן בש׳ של חג we recite the benediction for the entrance of a festival (זְמָן) on the eighth day etc. the same place (ibid.), and frequently ש׳ רגל וכ׳ the eighth day is a festival for itself; and frequently—plural fem. שְׁמִינִיּוֹת. Yalkut Shimoni Esther 1048 ארבעים ש׳ (not שמציות) forty eighths (of a Kab), see תּוֹמָן. ↗ original

שְׁמִיעַ , see שְׁמַע I ↗ original

שָׁמִיעָא , plural שְׁמִיעַיָּא, see שָׁמוֹעָא. ↗ original

שְׁמִיעָא feminine = next word Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 32, 1 יהב ש׳ וכ׳ ascribed hearing to etc. (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 שמועתא). ↗ original

שְׁמִיעָה (שָׁמַע) hearing, listening. Rosh Hashanah 25ᵇ לא תהא ש׳ גדולה מראייה hearing (the statement of witnesses) ought not to be of greater legal value than seeing (if the judges themselves have seen the new phase of the moon). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᶜ bottom of the page הולכין אחר שְׁמִיעַת בת קול you may be guided by what you hear, considering it as a divine voice (it is not a divination practice to be forbidden). the same place (ibid.) נלך בתר שמיעת בת קול let us be guided by what we shall hear. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 3 ישראל … הקדימו אמנה לש׳ the Israelites in Egypt advanced belief to hearing (Exodus 4, 31); בסיני … עשייה לש׳ at Sinai they advanced doing to hearing (the same place (ibid.) 24, 7; Shabbath 88ᵃ, Gittin 7ᵃ נעשה לנשמע). Niddah 31ᵃ שמיעת האוזן the faculty of hearing; and frequently ↗ original

שָׁמִיר [pointed,] thorn; flint, diamond; (in legend) shamir, a worm that cuts stones with its glance. Sotah 9, 12 משחרב … בטל הש׳ with the destruction of the Temple the shamir ceased to exist. the same place (ibid.) 48ᵇ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 15, 1; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 9, 24ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original

שָׁמִיר ² flint. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 32, 13 (Hebrew text חלמיש). Targum Psalms 114, 8. Targum Job 28, 9. diamond; shamir. Targum Ezekiel 3, 9. Targum Zechariah 7, 12; and elsewhere—Gittin 68ᵃ איכא ש׳ דאייתיה וכ׳ there is the shamir which Moses used for the jewels of the Ephod. the same place (ibid.)ᵇ בעינא … ש׳ I want to build the Temple, and want the shamir; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁמִירָה 1 (שָׁמַר) watching, guarding. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 2, 49ᵈ bottom of the page חצר בית ש׳ a well-guarded court (= חצר המשתמרת, see חָצֵר). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 2, 5ᵇ top אינו צריך ש׳ (omit ליה) is not in need of special guard (against dangers). Bava Metzia 42ᵃ; Pesachim 31ᵇ, see כֶּסֶף. Bava Kamma 1, 1 שְׁמִירָתָן עליך thou art bound to guard them. the same place (ibid.) 2 כל שחבתי בשְׁמִירָתוֹ, see חוּב Hebrew the same place (ibid.) 4ᵃ אדם שְׁמִירת גופו עליו הוא a human being is his own guard (the employer has no responsibility for injury done by the employee).—Bamidbar Rabbah section 4⁴ יש פקידה לש׳ trust (the root פקד) is used in the sense of guarding (taking charge). Shemoth Rabbah section 25, end על שמירת יום וכ׳ the son of David comes as a reward for the observance of one Sabbath day; and frequently—plural שְׁמִירוֹת. Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 816 (referring to שמרות, Psalms 77, 5) כל שְׁמִירוֹתַי בלילה all my watchings (waiting for help) are held by night; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms the passage cited שמרותי (edition Buber edition מידותי, correct accordingly). ↗ original

שְׁמִירָה 2 Sh’mirah, wife of Nebuchadnezzar. Vayikra Rabbah section 19, end רב הונא אמר ש׳ שמה Rab H. says, her name was Sh’mirah; R. A. says, שְׁמִירָמוֹת שמה her name was Sh’miramoth; the Rabbis say שְׁמִירַעַם שמה her name was Sh’miraʿam. Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 309 עד שהגיעו לש׳ אשתו וכ׳ (some edition שְׁמִירַת) until they came to Sh., the wife etc.; Tanchuma Vayikra 6 שְׁמוּרַת. ↗ original

שמירה , Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 1, 21ᵈ top, see שׁוּמְּרָה ↗ original

שמירון , Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 2, 26ᶜ bottom of the page, see סִימִירוֹן ↗ original

שְׁמִירָמוֹת , see שְׁמִירָה 2 ↗ original

שַׁמִּית , see שְׁמַת ↗ original

שַׁמִּיתָא (שְׁמַת) excommunicated, accursed. — plural שַׁמִּיתִין. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 7, 26. the same place (ibid.) שַׁמְתִּין, see שַׁמְתָּא. ↗ original

שַׁמְכָּא (compare שׁוּם 3) onion. Kethuboth 60ᵇ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition כמכא; Alfasi שמכי).—plural שַׁמְכֵּי. Shabbath 110ᵇ top ש׳ פרסאי Persian (large) onions. Arachin 19ᵃ באתרא דתקלי ש׳ וכ׳ where they sell onions by the weight, he (that dedicates the weight of a certain person) can acquit himself of his vow even with onions. Kiddushin 52ᵇ, see מוֹזָא. Sanhedrin 109ᵇ ↗ original

שמלאי , Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 61ᵈ top, see שַׁלְמָאָה ↗ original

שַׂמְלַאי Samlai, name of several Amoraim. [Tradit. pronunc. Simlai.] Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, 3ᵈ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 41ᵈ bottom of the page ש׳ הדרומי; Babylonian Avodah Zarah 36ᵃ ש׳ לודאה; the same place (ibid.) 37ᵃ (attendant of R. Judah han-Nasi). Pesachim 62ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) 121ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 4, 48ᵃ top of the page—Bava Bathra 111ᵃ (Manuscript Hamburg שמלא). Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 72ᶜ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, 65ᵈ bottom of the page שמליי; Koheleth Rabbah to 3, 14, see בֵּירָא 3; and frequently—5. Friedman M’bo, p. 127ᵃ ↗ original

שִׂמְלָה (Biblical Hebrew) sheet, cover, garment. Bava Metzia 2, 5 (27ᵃ) (referring to שלמה, Exodus 22, 8) אף הש׳ היתה בכלל וכ׳ the case of the garment would have been included (as אֲבֵדָה), and why is it specified? מה ש׳ מיוחדת וכ׳ as the garment is individual property and can be identified by certain marks etc. Mechilta Mishpatim, section 13, see חָוַר; Sifré Deuteronomy 237. Kethuboth 46ᵃ (referring to Deuteronomy 22, 17), see בָּרַר. the same place (ibid.) ש׳ ממש it means the sheet in its real sense. the same place (ibid.) פרשו מה ששָ֗םׄ לָ֗הּ֗ they spread (the refutation of) what he charged her with. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 19 מה הש׳ הזאת what is this sheet (curtain) made of?; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 672 מה היא הש׳ זו. Chagigah 14ᵃ (referring to Isaiah 3, 6) [read:] דברים … מתכסין בהם כש׳ ישנן וכ׳ (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) things with which people cover themselves as with a garment (faith in divine protection, different interpretation or differently interpreted in Rashi) are in thy possession; Shabbath 119ᵇ; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 261; Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 275; and elsewhere—Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 20 שמלתם, read: שבול׳, see שִׁיבּוֹלֶת.]—5. שַׂלְמָה. ↗ original

שָׁמֵם (Biblical Hebrew) [to stand still,] to be astonished; to be waste. Tosefta Sotah 15, 10 ונמצא ישראל ש׳ וזרע וכ׳ and as a consequence Israel will be laid waste, and the seed of Abraham cease. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 2, 61ᶜ top פעם … ומצא אותה שׁוֹמֶמֶת once he entered the Temple court and found it deserted; יָשֹׁמּוּ בתיהם … שׁהֵשֵׁימּוּ וכ׳ (or יִשַּׁמּוּ) deserted be the homes of those who caused the house of our God to be laid waste; Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 78ᵃ bottom of the page שׁהֵישַׁמּוּ. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 5, 5 ראה המדינה שוממת he (Cyrus) saw that the country was ruined. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 8ᵃ ההרוסה והשׁוֹמֵמָה destroyed and deserted. Megillah 3, 3 (referring to Leviticus 26, 31) קדושתן … שׁוֹמֵמִין (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition שׁוֹמֵימִין) they remain holy, even when they lie in ruins. Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Joḥ. 1) שָׁמְמָה עלי נפשי my soul within me is waste (mourns); and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁמֵּם to lay waste, ruin; to confound. Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 959 אם זכה משמחו ואם לאו מְשַׁמְּמוֹ if a man is good, it (dreaming of wine) means joy to him, if not, it means confounding.—participle passive מְשׁוּמָּם; feminine מְשׁוּמֶּמֶת. Tosefta Kethuboth 7, 10 מש׳ היא (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) שעמומית) she (my daughter) is confused in her mind; see שִׁעֲמֵם, שַׁעֲמוּמִית. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֵשֵׁם same. Bereshith Rabbah section 26 (play on אנשי השם, Genesis 4, 4) שׁהֵשִׁימּוּ את העולם ושהוּשַׁמּוּ … שׁיִשּׁוֹם they confounded the world, and they were ruined (driven) out of the world, and caused the world to be laid waste. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah the passage cited; Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah the passage cited, see above. Nif'al נִפְעַל נָשַׁם, , Hof. הוּשַׁם to be laid waste, ruined. Bereshith Rabbah the passage cited, see above. Sotah 9, 15; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 13 והגבלן יִשּׁוֹם, see גַּבְלָן. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah the passage cited; Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah the passage cited, see above. Hithpol. הִשְׁתּוֹמֵם to be astounded. Bereshith Rabbah section 4, end (explained שׄמׄיׄםׄ) שהבריות מִשְׁתּוֹמְמִים … של אשׄ הן של מׄיׄםׄ הן men wonder at them, (asking) are they of fire? are they of water? to be waste, ruined. Kiddushin 66ᵃ והיה העולם מִשְׁתּוֹמֵם וכ׳ and the (Jewish) world was ruined (demoralized), until Simon b. Sh. came and restored the Law etc. Shabbath 33ᵃ והדרכים מִשְׁתּוֹמְמִין and the roads are desolate; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁמַם Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתְּמַם to be desolate. Targum Lamentations 4, 5. to be confounded, mad. Targum I Samuel 21, 14 (Hebrew text ויתהלל). Ithpol. אִשְׁתּוֹמֵם to be perplexed. Chullin 21ᵃ א׳ כשעה חדא (frequently Daniel 4, 16) he was perplexed for a moment (knew not what to answer). ↗ original

שַׁמָּם (the preceding) confounded, demented.—plural שַׁמָּמִין. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 7. ↗ original

שְׁמָמָה the preceding words) waste, desolation. Moed Katan 17ᵃ, see שַׁמְתָּא.—plural שְׁמָמוֹת, construct state שִׁמְמוֹת. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 4 (referring to Isaiah 21, 1) דרך ש׳ מדבר בא he (Nebuchadnezzar) came by the way of the deserts of the wilderness. Echah Rabbah introduction, end (in an obscure passage) מש׳ הארץ from the deserts of the land. ↗ original

שְׂמָמִי , see סְמָמִית, סְמָמִיתָא. ↗ original

שָׁמֵן 1 (Biblical Hebrew) [to be smooth,] to be fat. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁמִין to grow fat, improve. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 9, beginning 6ᵈ גזל כחושה והִשְׁמִינָה if he took forcibly a lean animal, and it grew fat (in his possession); Tosefta Bava Kamma 7, 17; Babylonian Bava Kamma 65ᵃ; and elsewhere Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתַּמֵּן to become smooth, bright; to glisten. Bereshith Rabbah section 34 כל שהוא … היא מִשְׁתַּמֶּנֶת the more he beats it (the flax), the more it will glisten; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 95; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 654. Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁמֵּן (denominative of (denominative of שֶׁמֶן) to oil. Menachoth 23ᵃ קומץ … שׁשִׁמְּנוֹ וכ׳ the handful of the sinner’s meal-offering on which he (the priest) put oil, … has become unfit for the altar; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 474. to smooth, level; ש׳ בין to compromise to average. Bava Metzia 87ᵃ השוכר … מְשַׁמְּנִין ביניהם if one hires a laborer, saying, I will pay you as much as one or two of the inhabitants of the place get: he may pay him the lowest wages …; the scholars say, you compromise between them, i.e. you make him pay the average wages. Bava Bathra 7, 4 האומר … משמנין ביניהם וכ׳ if one says to his neighbor, I sell thee one-half of my field (and one part is better than the other), we compromise between them, i.e. the field is divided into two portions of equal value, but the purchaser must take whichever portion the seller may assign to him; חציה בדרום … משמנין וכ׳ if he says, I sell thee half of the field on the south side, we compromise between them, and he gets his portion on the south side; explained the same place (ibid.) 107ᵇ משמנין … לדמי ‘we compromise’ means according to value. Bechoroth 2, 6, and the following משמנין ביניהם we compromise between them, i.e. the priest takes the inferior of the twin animals, and the difference in value remains under litigation; explained the same place (ibid.) 18ᵃ מהו משמנין שומן יהא ביניהן m’shamm’nin means, the fat one (the difference of value) remains to be decided etc., see שׁוּמָן. ↗ original

שָׁמֵן the preceding) fat, rich. Kethuboth 61ᵃ בשר ש׳ fat meat. Pesachim 42ᵃ. Chullin 45ᵇ גדי שמן Rashi (edition גדי שמינה, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 8) a fat kid. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 9, beginning 6ᵈ גזל ש׳ והכחישה וכ׳ if he took by force a fat animal, and it became lean etc., see שׁוּמָן; and frequently—plural שְׁמֵנִים, שְׁמֵי׳; שְׁמֵנוֹת, שְׁמֵי׳. Bereshith Rabbah section 66 דגים ש׳ יתיר מדאי exceedingly fat fish. Bamidbar Rabbah section 16¹² אם … אם ש׳ whether its fruits are light or rich; the same place (ibid.) אם של צונמא … ש׳, see צוֹנָם; Tanchuma Sh’laḥ 6; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁמַן (the preceding words) cream. Targum Onkelos Genesis 18, 8 (Yerushalmi (prefix) לוואי שָׁמִין; Hebrew text חמאה). Targum Psalms 55, 22 ש׳ דגובנין (Hebrew text מחמאות). fat. Targum Isaiah 30, 23. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 18, 7 שְׁמֵין.—5. שׁוּמְנָא. ↗ original

שֶׁמֶן the preceding words) oil, fat. Shabbath 2, 1 ש׳ שרפה oil of T’rumah which is condemned to be burnt on account of contamination; ש׳ קיק, see קִיק. the same place (ibid.) 2 ש׳ דגים fish-oil; ש׳ אגוזים nut-oil etc. the same place (ibid.) 17ᵇ שׁמְנָן their oil, manufactured by gentiles; Avodah Zarah 36ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) ש׳ רב יהודה וכ׳ as to gentiles’ oil, R. Judah and his court voted on it and permitted it. Pesachim 83ᵇ; Chullin 91ᵃ; 92ᵇ שַׁמְנוֹ the fat surrounding the nervus ischiadicus, see שׁוּמָן; and frequently—עֵץ ש׳ pine-wood, see עֵץ.—plural שְׁמָנִים, שְׁמָנִין. Shabbath 2, 2 מתירין בכל הש׳ allow all kinds of oil to be used for Sabbath lights. the same place (ibid.) 26ᵃ כל הש׳ יפין וכ׳ all oils are good for ink, but olive oil is the best. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 1, 64ᵇ top; and frequently ↗ original

שִׁמָּן Shimmon, see שִׁמְעוֹן. ↗ original

שְׁמֵנָא common gender (see שָׁמִין 2) fat, rich. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 49, 20 (edition Vienna edition שְׁמֵינָה); and elsewhere—Echah Rabbah to 3, 20, see חֲשִׁיךְ 2. Bava Bathra 22ᵃ בשרא ש׳ fat meat; and frequently—plural שְׁמֵנִין, שְׁמֵנַיָּא, שְׁמֵנֵי, שְׁמֵי׳. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 6, 3. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis the passage cited Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 32, 14, Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 32, 14, see לְוָואֵי. Targum I Samuel 15, 9 (edition Vilna edition שַׁמִי׳); and frequently—Targum Genesis 4, 4 משְׁמִינֵיהֶן edition Berlin edition (edition Vienna edition משַׁמִּנְהוֹן; edition Lsb. משׁמְנִינֵי׳).—Bereshith Rabbah section 22 (interpret. מחלבהן, Genesis 4, 4) מן שְׁמֵנֵיהוֹן from the fat among them; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 35; Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 72ᵇ bottom of the page מן שְׁמֵינֵי׳; Bamidbar Rabbah section 13, beginning; Vayikra Rabbah section 9; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 16. Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 115; Bereshith Rabbah section 67 (referring to משמני, Genesis 27, 39) מן ש׳ דארעא of the fat (the rulers or the rich men) of the land. the same place (ibid.) [read:] מן הן מתעבדא ארעא שמינא דעבדא שמינין מן טלא wherefrom does the earth become rich so that it begets rich men? From the dew; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁמֵנָה , see שָׁמֵן 2 ↗ original

שְׁמֹנֶה (Biblical Hebrew) eight. Kiddushin 30ᵃ, see פָּסוּק. Menachoth 30ᵃ ש׳ פסוקים שבתורה the last eight verses of the Pentateuch. Yoma 7, 5 כהן … בש׳ כלים וכ׳ the high priest officiates in eight garments, and the common priest in four. Bereshith Rabbah section 98 (play on שמנה, Genesis 49, 20) שהוא מעמיד בגדי ש׳ he (Asher) raises those who wear eight garments (marrying his dowered daughters into priestly families); and very frequently—ש׳ עשרה eighteen. Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Joshua 2) ש׳ ע׳ שנה היתה בת וכ׳ for eighteen years in succession a voice came forth to Nebuchadnezzar etc.; and frequently—Esp. ש׳ עשרה (with or supply (understood word) ברכות; abbreviated or abbreviation ש"ע) the eighteen benedictions of the daily prayer (תפלה). Berachoth 4, 3 בכל יום … ש"ע וכ׳ on every ordinary day one must recite the eighteen benedictions etc.; מעין ש"ע an abstract of the eighteen etc. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 25 ש"ע … כנגד ש׳ ע׳ הזכרות וכ׳ the eighteen benedictions … correspond to the eighteen invocations of the Divine Name in habu etc. (Psalms 29); Berachoth 28ᵇ. the same place (ibid.); Megillah 17ᵇ הסדיר ש"ע וכ׳, see סָדַר. Avoth 5, 21, see חוּפָּה; and frequently—plural שְׁמֹנִים, שְׁמוֹ׳ eighty. Kiddushin the passage cited Avoth the passage cited בן ש׳ at the age of eighty years; and frequently ↗ original

שַׁמְנוּנִית (שָׁמֵן) fatty, oily substance. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᵃ כדי להעביר ש׳ וכ׳ in order to remove the fat from it (the knife); Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 3, end, 62ᵇ שמינ׳ (correct accordingly); Babylonian Betzah 28ᵃ שַׁמְנוּנִיתָהּ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 2, 29ᶜ בשיש בהן ש׳ when there is fat in them. Chullin 111ᵃ top Rashi, see next word; and elsewhere ↗ original

שַׁמְנוּנִיתָא , fat. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 45, 18.—Chullin 111ᵃ top משום ש׳ on account of the fat (in the liver which is communicated to the substance boiled with it). ↗ original

שְׁמָנִי my name, see שְׁמָא. Chullin 51ᵃ (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 3). ↗ original

שְׁמֹנִים , see שְׁמֹנֶה ↗ original

שְׁמֹנִין , plural of שָׁמִין I. ↗ original

שַׁמְנִינֵי (שְׁמֵן) fat animals. Targum Onkelos Genesis 4, 4 edition Lsb., see שְׁמֵנָא. ↗ original

שָׁמַע (Biblical Hebrew) [to be still,] to hear, listen, obey; to understand. Rosh Hashanah 4, 2 כל עיר … ושׁוֹמַעַת וכ׳ every township near Jerusalem from where you can see (the city) and hear (the Shofar) etc. the same place (ibid.) 21ᵇ עד שיִשְׁמְעוּ … מקודש until they heard from the mouth of the court m’ḳuddash (see קָרַשׁ). Sanhedrin 90ᵃ שְׁמַע לו listen to him (obey the prophet’s command); אל תִּשְׁמַע לו listen not to him. Kethuboth 5ᵇ אם יִשְׁמַע וכ׳ if a man hears an improper word etc., see שָׁפָה 2. Berachoth 13ᵃ the text (Deuteronomy 6, 4) says ‘hear’ (or ‘understand’), בכל לשון שאתה שׁוֹמֵעַ recite the Sh’mʿa in whatever language you understand. Rosh Hashanah 3, 7 אם קול שופר ש׳ if he heard the sound of a Shofar; ואם קול הברה ש׳, see הֲבָרָה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Horayoth 1, 46ᵃ top נותנין לו שהות עד שׁיִשְׁמַע we allow him time enough that he may have heard (the decision of the other court), opposite to עד שישמע (not שישפע) (he is not guilty) until he has really heard it; and very frequently Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁמִיעַ to cause to hear; to announce. Berachoth the passage cited הַשְׁמַע לאזניך וכ׳ let thy ears hear what thou utterest etc. the same place (ibid.) לא ה׳ לאזנו if he read the Sh’inʿa inaudibly to himself. Rosh Hashanah 28ᵇ עד שיתכוין שומע ומַשְׁמִיעַ until he that hears (the Shofar) and he that causes to hear (that blows) have the intention to perform a religious active Shekalim 1, 1 מַשְׁמִיעִין על השקלים וכ׳ (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition מְשַׁמְּעִין, Pi'el) public announcement is made concerning the contribution of the half-Shekels etc.; and frequently (supply (understood word) עצמו) to show one’s self obedient, be persuaded, surrender, see Nif'al Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁימֵּעַ to announce, see above. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 1, beginning 45ᶜ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᵃ. to assemble for mourning services, invite. Sanhedrin 47ᵃ הלינו לכבודו לשַׁמֵּעַ עליו וכ׳ if burial is postponed for the honor of the dead, to assemble the surrounding townships for his funeral, to bring on lamenting women etc. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׁמַע to be heard; to be listened to, be obeyed. Berachoth 6ᵃ אין תפלה … נִשְׁמַעַת וכ׳ man’s prayer is heard only in the house of prayer. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, end, 9ᵇ שׁנִשְׁמְעָה תפלתו that his prayer will be heard (his petition be granted). Eruvin 18ᵇ כל בית שׁנִשְׁמָעִין וכ׳ a house in which the words of the Law are heard by night will never be destroyed. Yevamoth 65ᵇ כשם … דבר הנִשְׁמָע וכ׳ as well as it is proper to say a thing that has been heard (to mention one’s authority), so it is proper not to say a thing that has not been heard (for which you cannot cite your authority); and frequently to show one’s self willing; to submit to authority; (of woman) to surrender. Rosh Hashanah 25ᵇ אשרי הדור שהגדולים נִשְׁמָעִים וכ׳ blessed the generation in which the superiors (in wisdom) submit to the authority of their inferiors, and how much more when inferiors acknowledge the authority of their superiors!—Sanhedrin 82ᵃ הִשָּׁמְעִי לי (edition הַשְׁמִיעִי לי) surrender thyself to me; לא תִשָּׁמְעִי אלא וכ׳ surrender thyself only to a prominent man among them; Sifré Numbers 131; the same place (ibid.) רצונך שׁאֶשָּׁמַע לך הנזר וכ׳ if thou desirest me to surrender myself to thee, renounce the law of Moses; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 771. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 5, 55ᵇ top נִשְׁמָעוֹת … לליגיונותי וכ׳ if you will surrender to my legions, I will not put you to death. Sanhedrin 93ᵃ הַשְׁמִיעִי אל וכ׳ surrender thyself to Zedekiah; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁמַע 1 Targum Genesis 27, 5. Targum Exodus 18, 1. Targum Job 4, 16; and very frequently—participle passive שְׁמִיעַ; feminine שְׁמִיעָא. Targum Psalms 29, 3, and the following Targum 2 Chronicles 7, 12; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 10, 47ᵇ bottom of the page אנא מה דשַׁמְעִית ואינון מה דשַׁמְעוּן I report what I have heard, and they, what they have heard. Shabbath 46ᵇ הא שַׁמְעִינָן ליה לר"ש וכ׳ have we not heard what Rabbenu Shimshon says etc.? Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 7, beginning 21ᵇ, see אֲלִנִיסְטִי; and very frequently—שמיע ל־ he has heard, he knows of. Eruvin 9ᵇ ור"י מי לא ש׳ ליה הא but has R. J. not heard that (does he not know that Boraitha of R. Ḥiya)? ש׳ ליה ולא סבר (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) he knows of it, but does not accept it. the same place (ibid.) 10ᵃ, and frequently לא ש׳ לי הא שמעתתא this tradition is not known to me. Pesachim 34ᵃ מידי ש׳ לך בהא do you know anything about this (hălakhah)?; and very frequently—Esp. שמע מ־ to understand from, to infer, prove. Avodah Zarah 72ᵇ, and frequently ש׳ מינה וכ׳ (abbreviated or abbreviation ש"מ) deduce from this that etc. the same place (ibid.) שַׁמְעַת מינה וכ׳ wilt thou conclude from this that etc.? the same place (ibid.), and frequently אלא מהא ליכא למִשְׁמַע מינה but (the conclusion is,) you can derive nothing from this.—the same place (ibid.), and frequently תא שמע (abbreviated or abbreviation ת"ש; see אֲתָא) come and learn, i.e. derive it from the following. Shabbath 13ᵇ ת"ש … ש"מ ואלו תנן ש"מ I will prove it (from this Tosefta): ‘you must not …, and those are some of the halakhoth etc.’, which proves that the right version is ‘and those’: it stands proved. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 83ᵃ top נִישְׁמְעִינָהּ מן הדא let us prove it from this; and very frequently Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁמַּע to make music; to sing, see Af'el שַׁמְּעָא) to minister to, be an attendant of. Berachoth 41ᵇ מאן … ונְשַׁמְּעִינָךְ would that we had iron feet, that we could always wait on thee! Megillah 28ᵇ ניחא לי דאֲשַׁמְּעֵיה למר (Munich manuscript דאשתמש ליה למר, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) it gives me pleasure to be your servant; and elsewhere Af'el הִפְעִיל אַשְׁמַע to cause to hear, cause to be heard, announce, proclaim. Targum Deuteronomy 4, 36. Targum Isaiah 52, 7. Targum Psalms 26, 7; and frequently—Esp. (interch. with Pa'el) to make music, play; to be a musician. Targum I Samuel 29, 5 (manuscript Pa.). Targum I Chronicles 15, 16. the same place (ibid.) 16, 42 מַשְׁמְעַיָּא edition Lagarde edition (edition Rahmer משמעייאה, variant reading מַשְׁמְעַיָּה; Hebrew text מַשְׁמִיעִים) musicians. Targum Psalms 150, 5 דמְשַׁמְּעִין לבדוחא manuscript (edition Lagarde edition דמשמעין בלחודיהון; edition Vilna edition a. other דשמעין בלחודיהון, correct accordingly). the same place (ibid.) דמַשְׁ׳ ביבבא (manuscript Pa'el). to give to understand; to teach, prove. Berachoth 2ᵃ מילתא … קא מַשְׁמַע לן וכ׳ (the Tannai in using such an expression) wants to teach us something by the way: when do the priests eat etc.; והא קמשמע לן וכ׳ (abbreviated or abbreviation קמ"ל) and it is this he teaches us, that the sacrifice of atonement is not indispensable etc. the same place (ibid.) 4ᵇ לאפוקי … קמ"ל דחובה in opposition to the opinion that the evening prayer is optional, he gives us to understand that it is obligatory. Shabbath 19ᵃ מהו דתימא … קמ"ל you may have thought (that the cases are different, because) this devolves upon him, and the other does not, therefore he teaches us (that they are the same). the same place (ibid.) 108ᵃ מאי קמ"ל what does he teach us (is it not a matter of course)? Berachoth 21ᵃ and the following דאי אַשְׁמְעִינָן וכ׳, see צְרִיךְ; and very frequently—participle passive מַשְׁמֵע a) understood. Yevamoth 102ᵇ מ׳ הכי ומ׳ הכי it may be understood thus (it may mean, ‘to take off’), and may be understood thus (it may mean, ‘to strengthen’); and frequently—2) inferred, proved; evidence. Shabbath 84ᵇ מאי מ׳ how is this proved (from the verse quoted)? Eruvin 65ᵃ מאי מ׳ וכ׳ what evidence is there etc.?, see פּוּק. the same place (ibid.) מַשְׁמְעֵי, see below; and frequently—5. מַשְׁמָע. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּמַּע, Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׁתְּמַע to be heard, let one’s self be heard. Targum Genesis 45, 16. Targum Job 37, 4 manuscript (edition ישמע). Targum Psalms 77, 19; and frequently—Sanhedrin 95ᵇ (proverb) אגב אורחך … א׳ on thy road let thy enemy hear from thee, i.e. take revenge when occasion offers. Rosh Hashanah 27ᵃ תרתי … לא מִשְׁתַּמְּעֵי … משתמעי two different sounds produced simultaneously by the same person are not distinctly perceived, but if produced by two persons, they are. Eruvin the passage cited מכדי קראי מִשְׁתַּמְּעֵי בין למר וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition משמעי, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) since verses may be quoted in favor of the one as well as of the other, what is the practical difference between them?; and frequently to make one’s self subservient, obey; to surrender to the enemy, desert. Targum 2 Kings 25, 11 (Hebrew text נפלו). the same place (ibid.) 7, 4. Targum Psalms 18, 45; 2 Samuel 22, 45; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁמַע 2 (see Deuteronomy 6, 4) Sh’mʿa, the confession of faith in the morning and evening prayers (recitation of Deuteronomy 6, 4-9; 11, 13-21; Numbers 16, 37-41). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Numbers 25, 6. Targum 2 Esther 3, 8.—Berachoth 1, 1 מאימתי קורין את ש׳ וכ׳ from what time of the day may we read the Sh’mʿa of the evening prayer? the same place (ibid.) 2, 2 (13ᵃ) למה קדמה (פרשת) ש׳ וכ׳ why does the reading of the section of Sh’mʿa (Deuteronomy 6, 4–9) precede that of v’hayah (the same place (ibid.) 11, 13-21) the same place (ibid.) בין שניה לש׳ ובין ש׳ וכ׳ between the second benediction and Sh’mʿa (the first section), and between Sh’mʿa and v’hayah etc.; and frequently—קריאת ש׳ (abbr. ק"ש), see קְרִיאָה. the same place (ibid.) 2ᵃ ק"ש דשכיבה the recitation of Sh’mʿa at bed-time. Bamidbar Rabbah section 20²⁰ עומדין … וחוטפין ק"ש וכ׳ they rise from their sleep like lions, and hasten to read the Sh’mʿa, and proclaim the kingship of the Lord etc. the same place (ibid.) והוא … בק"ש משומרי וכ׳ and with the recital of the Sh’mʿa he is handed over from the guards of the day to those of the night. Berachoth 4ᵇ אע"פ שקרא אדם ק"ש וכ׳ although one has read the Sh. in synagogue, it is proper to recite it again on going to bed. the same place (ibid.) 5ᵃ אם … ואם לאו יקרא ק"ש if he conquers it (the evil thought), it is well, and if not, let him read the Sh.; and very frequently ↗ original

שֵׁמַע report, fame. Devarim Rabbah section 1, end היו … שומעים שִׁמְעֲכֶם וכ׳ the nations heard of your fame and were afraid; and elsewhere = מִשְׁמָע understanding, meaning. Sifré Numbers 142 (referring to Numbers 28, 3) כשִׁמְעוֹ וכ׳ (trad. pronunc. כִּשְׁמָעוֹ) according to its literal meaning, two each day. ↗ original

שֵׁמַע ² , report, fame. Targum Genesis 29, 13. Targum Psalms 18, 45; 2 Samuel 22, 45 edition Lagarde edition (other שְׁמוֹעַ, שְׁמוּעַ). Targum Joshua 6, 27 שִׁמְעֵיה (some edition שָׁמְ׳); and elsewhere ↗ original

שַׁמְּעָא (the preceding words) servant, attendant, especially the disciple ministering to the master. Berachoth 62ᵃ א"ל … לשַׁמְּעֵיה R. Z. said to his attendant; Rosh Hashanah 33ᵇ. Pesachim 103ᵇ ש׳ מדעתיה וכ׳ my attendant did it of his own accord; and frequently ↗ original

שִׁמְעוֹן (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Simeon, Simon, the son of Jacob; the tribe of Simeon. Bereshith Rabbah section 71 שׄמׄעׄון שׄומׄע בקול וכ׳ Simeon (listener), listening to the voice of his father in heaven. Bamidbar Rabbah section 2⁷ ש׳ פטדה the jewel in the high priest’s breastplate for the tribe of S. was a topaz. Bamidbar Rabbah section 13¹⁹ נשיא ש׳ the prince of the tribe of S.; and frequently ש׳ הצדיק Simon the Just, a high priest. Yoma 69ᵃ כיון שראה לש׳ הצ׳ וכ׳ when he (Alexander the Great) saw Simon the Just, he alighted from his chariot etc. Avoth 1, 2 ש׳ הצ׳ היה וכ׳ Simon the Just was one of the last members of the Great Assembly; and frequently name of several Tannaim, especially a) S. son of Hillel. Shabbath 15ᵃ.—b) Rabbenu Shimshon son of the Sagan. Shekalim 8, 5. Kethuboth 2, 8; and elsewhere—c) S. ben Sheṭaḥ, chief of the Pharisees under Alexander Jannai. Chagigah 2, 2. Tosefta Kethuboth 12, 1. Kiddushin 66ᵃ; and frequently—d) Rabbenu Shimshon ben Gamliel I (abbreviated or abbreviation רשב"ג) Kerithoth 1, 7. Sukkah 53ᵃ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4, 4. Avodah Zarah 20ᵃ; (Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 40ᵃ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᵇ bottom of the page רבן גמליאל); and elsewhere—e) Rabban S. ben Gamliel 2. Horayoth 13ᵇ. Kethuboth 77ᵃ, and frequently כל מקום ששנה רשב"ג וכ׳ wherever Rabbenu Shimshon b. G. is cited in the Mishnah, his opinion is the adopted law. the same place (ibid.) 7, 9; and very frequently—f) ר׳ ש׳ ברבי Rabbenu Shimshon son of R. Judah han-Nasi (B’ribbi). the same place (ibid.) 103ᵇ. Berachoth 13ᵇ; and frequently—ש׳ בן זומא, see זוֹמָא 2.—ש׳ בן עזאי, see עַזַּאי; a. many other Tannaim; see Friedman Darkhé, Additamenta, p. 64–67. name of several Amoraim, especially a) Rabbenu Shimshon bar Abba (Ba, Va), in Babli שִׁמָּן. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 8ᵃ bottom of the page; Babylonian Shabbath 61ᵃ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 5, 9ᵇ bottom of the page; Babylonian Berachoth 33ᵃ; and frequently—b) Rabbenu Shimshon b. Laḳish (abbreviated or abbreviation רשב"ל, a. ריש לקיש, ר"ל). Kethuboth 54ᵇ. Gittin 47ᵃ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 8, 9ᵈ bottom of the page; and very frequently, see לָקִישׁ I; a. other Amoraim; see Friedman M’bo p. 127ᵃ–130ᵃ ↗ original

שִׁמְעִי (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Shimei, son of Gera the Benjamite, who insulted David on his flight. Berachoth 8ᵃ. Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 15. Megillah 12ᵇ; and elsewhere brother of Onias, the founder of the Temple of Onias (see חוֹנְיוּ). Menachoth 109ᵇ ↗ original

שְׁמַעְיָא (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Shemaiah, colleague of Abṭalion (see אַבְטַלְיוֹן). Pesachim 66ᵃ. Avoth 1, 10. Yoma 71ᵇ. Gittin 57ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁמַעְתָּא (see שְׁמוּעָה) report, tradition, traditional law; outcome of a discussion, decision. Targum I Chronicles 11, 11 (edition Rahmer שמעת, correct accordingly). the same place (ibid.) 2, 55.—Eruvin 9ᵇ; Kiddushin 50ᵇ, and elsewhere ומותבינן אשְׁמַעְתִּין but we must bring evidence against the tradition which we just cited; Berachoth 33ᵃ אשמעתיה (correct accordingly, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 70). Sotah 21ᵃ דסלקא ליה ש׳ וכ׳ a scholar whose final conclusions agree with the adopted practice. Sanhedrin 38ᵇ ר"מ … תילתא ש׳ וכ׳ R. Meir used to divide his lectures into three parts, one part devoted to legal discussion, one to homily (see אֲגָדָה), and one to parables. Berachoth 6ᵇ אגרא דש׳ סברא the merit of studying traditions lies in the reasoning thereon; and very frequently—plural שְׁמָעָתָא, שְׁמַעְתָּתָא. Niddah 14ᵃ שְׁמַעְתָּתֵיה, see חֲדַד; Kethuboth 62ᵇ שְׁמָעָתֵיה. Eruvin 65ᵃ מחדדן שְׁמָעָתָךְ thou hast thy traditions always ready. Berachoth 42ᵃ לית הילכתא ככל הני ש׳ וכ׳ the adopted practice is not in agreement with all these traditions etc.; and frequently ↗ original

שֶׁמֶץ , 12; 26, 14) [chaff,] particle, atom. Shabbath 119ᵇ אפי׳ יש בו ש׳ של ע"א וכ׳ even if there be some idolatry in him, he will be forgiven. (compare מוּם) blemish, suspicion. Kiddushin 71ᵇ אם ראית … ש׳ פסול וכ׳ when thou seest two men quarrel with each other, there is some blemish of descent in one of them, and heaven does not allow them to become attached to each other. Pesachim 3ᵇ ומצאו בו ש׳ פסול and they found in him a blemish of descent, contradistinguished to שחץ (see שַׁחַץ I); Megillah 25ᵇ (Treatise Sof’rim Chaldaic (Aramaic) 9, 11 ונמצא ממזר); and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁמְצָא , slight suspicion of idolatrous manipulation of wine (see נֶסֵךְ). Avodah Zarah 31ᵇ חמרא משום ש׳ וכ׳ wine (he refused to drink) because of a suspicion, but why did he refuse beer? משום ש׳ דש׳ because of a suspicion of a suspicion (it might be suspected to be wine).—5. next word ↗ original

שִׁמְצָה the preceding words) blemish, disgrace. Vayikra Rabbah section 20 דבר של ש׳ (some edition שמצא) something disgraceful, see זִיטִימָא. ↗ original

שמציות , Yalkut Shimoni Esther 1048, read: שְׁמִינִיּוֹת, see שְׁמִינִי (see תּוּמָן). ↗ original

שָׁמַר (Biblical Hebrew) [to be still,] to watch, guard, wait; to observe; to keep. Sanhedrin 63ᵇ לא … שְׁמוֹר לי וכ׳ one should not say to his neighbor, wait for me at such and such an idolatrous statue (or temple). Bava Metzia 58ᵃ השוכר … לִשְׁמוֹר את וכ׳ if one hires a workingman to guard a cow, a child etc. Shabbath 118ᵇ אלמלי שָׁמְרוּ ישראל וכ׳ if Israel had observed the first Sabbath etc.; a very frequently—participle passive שָׁמוּר; feminine שְׁמוּרָה etc. the same place (ibid.) 22, 4 נותנין … בשביל שיהא ש׳ you may put a dish into the well that it be kept (cool); and elsewhere Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁמֵּר same. the same place (ibid.) 118ᵇ אילמלי מְשַׁמְּרִין ישראל וכ׳ if Israel would observe two Sabbaths as they ought do, they would at once be redeemed. Kethuboth 62ᵇ ענייה זו לשוא שִׁימְּרָה the poor woman has in vain waited (for her husband). Avodah Zarah 4, 11 אין … יושב ומְשַׁמֵּר וכ׳ the watchman (guarding wine against idolatrous defilement) need not sit and watch etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 58ᵈ top המקום משמר וכ׳ God has watched, and such a case has never occurred. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 82ᶜ שי׳ הקב"ה … שבעה the Lord observed the seven days of mourning for his world (before the flood, referring to Genesis 7, 10); and frequently (denominative of שְׁמָרִים) to clear wine from lees, filter, strain (see מְשַׁמֶּרֶת). Shabbath 138ᵃ שי׳ חייב וכ׳ if one filtered wine (on the Sabbath), he is bound to bring a sin-offering; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 20, 17ᶜ; 7, 10ᵇ, and elsewhere המשמר חייב שום בורר he who filters is guilty etc., see בָּרַר. the same place (ibid.) המשמר יין למטן וכ׳ when one filters, the wine goes down, and the lees remain above (in the filter); and frequently—Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 146ᵇ מקום העשוי לְשַׁמֵּר a place in the keg where a hole has been made for the purpose of letting the wine off, clear of lees (and has been closed again; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word חזק; Rashi: where the hole has been closed in order to preserve the flavor).—participle pass. מְשׁוּמָּר a) guarded. Pesachim 109ᵇ (referring to שמרים, Exodus 12, 42) ליל המש׳ ובא מן המזיקין a night which is for all time guarded against dangers (see מַזִּיק); Rosh Hashanah 11ᵇ.—b) kept, preserved, designated. the same place (ibid.) ליל המש׳ ובא מששת וכ׳ a night which has been designated for redemption since the six days of creation. Sanhedrin 99ᵃ; Berachoth 34ᵇ יין המש׳ וכ׳, see עֵנָב; and elsewhere Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתַּמֵּר to be on one’s guard, be observant. Mechilta Bo, section 14 (referring to שמרים, see above) מגיד … צריכין להִשְׁתַּמֵּר בו this intimates that all Israelites must be careful in it (to observe its ceremonies); Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 210; Tanchuma Bo 9. to be guarded. Bava Metzia 11ᵃ המִשְׁתַּמֶּרֶת, see חָצֵר. Eruvin 54ᵇ אם ראשון … מִשְׁתַּמֵּר וכ׳ if the fowler breaks the wings of each bird as he catches it, it is kept (from flying off) etc. Menachoth 99ᵇ כל המשמר … נשמתוֹ משתמרת who guards the Law (takes care not to forget it), his soul is guarded; and elsewhere Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׁמַר same, to be on one’s guard. the same place (ibid.) כל מקום שנאמר הִשָּׁמֶר פן ואל וכ׳ wherever the Scripture has the words, ‘be on thy guard, lest’, or ‘be on thy guard that not’, it is a prohibitive law; the same place (ibid.) השמר ופן וכ׳ ‘be on thy guard’ and ‘lest’ make two prohibitions. the same place (ibid.) 36ᵇ השמר דלאו לאו hishshamer followed by a negative is a prohibitory law; השמר דעשה עשה hishshamer connected with a positive order, is a positive command (see עָשָׂה).—[Tanchuma Vayḥi 13 ומשמירין, see שָׁפַר.] ↗ original

שְׁמַר Ithpaal אִשְׁתַּמַּר, see סְמַר 2. Targum Isaiah 7, 4 some edition ↗ original

שֶׁמֶר (the preceding) sediment, lees. Shabbath 146ᵇ שניקבה למטה מן הש׳ when the jug has a hole below the line of the lees. Bava Bathra 96ᵇ שִׁמְרֵי יין wine lees. the same place (ibid.) ש׳ … טעם יין lees which have a taste (or flavor) of wine. Bava Metzia 4, 11 אין מערבין שמרי … שְׁמָרָיו you dare not mix wine lees (left of one jug) with wine, but you may give the purchaser the lees belonging to the wine sold; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁמָרָא Targum Jeremiah 48, 11.—plural שְׁמָרַיָּא. Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 321 ושתי ש׳ דכולהו דרי (not שאריא) and he (Zedekiah) had to drink the dregs of all those generations (had to suffer for all the sins of etc.). ↗ original

שַׁמְרַאי , see שַׁמְרַיי ↗ original

שמרון , Bereshith Rabbah section 36 some edition, see שְׁמָדוֹן ↗ original

שֹׁמְרוֹן (Biblical Hebrew) Samaria, city and district. Esther Rabbah to 1, 2. Tanchuma Vayesheb 2 כשגלו ישראל מש׳ … בש׳ וכ׳ when the Israelites were exiled from Samaria, Sennaherib sent his servants and settled them in S. to raise taxes for the kings. Bamidbar Rabbah section 10³ (referring to Amos 6, 2) זה ציון וש׳ ‘these kingdoms’ refers to Zion and Samaria (Judah and Israel); and frequently ↗ original

שֹׁמְרוֹנָאָה , see שַׁמְרַיי ↗ original

שֹׁמְרוֹנִי (Biblical Hebrew) Samaritan. — plural שֹׁמְרוֹנִים. Tanchuma Vayesheb 2 באו עליהן הש׳ למלחמה the Samaritans went to war with them; וכי ש׳ היו … נקראו ש׳ were they Samaritans? were they not Cuthæans? But they are called Samaritans from the city of Samaria; Yalkut Shimoni Kings 234; and elsewhere ↗ original

שמרותי , Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 77, 5, see שְׁמִירָה I ↗ original

שַׁמְרַיי = Hebrew שֹׁמְרוֹנִי. Bereshith Rabbah section 32; section 81; and elsewhere—plural שַׁמְרָיֵא, שַׁמְרָיֵיא, שֹׁמְרוֹנָאֵי. Targum 2 Kings 17, 29.—Bereshith Rabbah section 94 (referring to שִׁמְרוֹן, Genesis 46, 13) אילין ש׳ this refers to the (Jewish) inhabitants of Samaria. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 4, 35ᵃ חד משמר; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 3, 21ᵇ top חד משומד, read: משְׁמָרָיֵיא, see הָאַסְטוּ. ↗ original

שָׁמְרַיִין = Hebrew שֹׁמְרוֹן. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 5, 44ᵈ קרייה דש׳ the city of Shomron. the same place (ibid.) 1, 39ᶜ [read:] הדא … מש׳ כפלחין הוא the garrison of Cæsaræa, because the majority of them came from Samaria, are considered as worshipping observers (of the Calendæ and Saturnalia); see, however, סוּגֵי. ↗ original

שמרין , Bereshith Rabbah section 36 some edition, see שְׁמָדוֹן ↗ original

שְׁמַרְקְעִים truffles (Löw, Aram. Low, Aramaische Pflanzennamen, Leipzig 1881, p. 303); a species of very acrid onions (Maimonides). Uktsin 3, 2. ↗ original

שָׁמַשׁ (Shaf. of מוש, משש) [to handle, be busy,] to minister, officiate. Yoma 7, 5 כהן גדול מְשַׁמֵּשׁ וכ׳ the high priest officiates in eight garments, and the common priests in four. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 44ᵇ bottom of the page מפני מה אינו משמש וכ׳ why does he not officiate (on the Day of Atonement) dressed in gold? Vayikra Rabbah section 21 מקדש ראשון ע"י שׁשִׁמְּשׁוּ בו וכ׳ during the first Temple, because they ministered in faithfulness, only eighteen high priests officiated in it. Yoma 47ᵃ ש׳ תחתיו officiated in his place. the same place (ibid.) וכולן שמשו בכהונה וכ׳ and all of them performed the functions of high priesthood. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 9, 24ᵃ אלו שימשו פרנסות the former served in an administrative capacity (not merely as scholars). Tanchuma Bo 4 חשך ואפלה שמשו … ולא עתידין לשַׁמֵּשׁ ‘darkness and mist’ served (as divine agents) in Egypt, but ‘void and waste’ never served, and never shall serve; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 360. Bereshith Rabbah section 33, end לא שמשו מזלות וכ׳ the planets did not perform their functions during all the twelve months (of the flood); שמשו אלא … ניכר they did act, only that their mark was not recognizable. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 3, 41ᵃ top חמשה … הסגן משמש the Sagan had five functions to perform. Tamid 5, 5 שלשה … מְשַׁמֶּשֶׁת it served three purposes. Middoth 1, 6 ומה היו מְשַׁמְּשׁוֹת and what were they used for? Rosh Hashanah 3ᵃ כי משמש וכ׳ ki serves for four meanings etc., see דִּילְמָא I; and frequently—Euphem. ש׳ מטתו, or only ש׳ to perform the marital duty; in gen. to couple (also of animals). Niddah 17ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) 2, 1. Bechoroth 8ᵃ; Bereshith Rabbah section 20; and frequently—Mikvaoth 8, 4 שִׁמְּשָׁה את ביתה, see בַּיִת.—Nedarim 2, 1 קונם שאיני מְשַׁמְּשָׁךְ I vow that I will not have intercourse with thee. the same place (ibid.) 15ᵇ; Kethuboth 71ᵇ מְשַׁמַּשְׁתּוֹ she must allow him marital intercourse; and frequently (denominative of שַׁמָּשׁ) to attend, serve, wait upon. Avoth 1, 3 המְשַׁמְּשִׁין את הרב, see עֶבֶד. Shabbath 32ᵇ זוכה ומשמשין לו וכ׳ he will live to see himself waited upon by two thousand … servants. Kiddushin 32ᵇ מצינו גדול ממנו שש׳ we find that a greater man than he waited (upon his guests); Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 229; and frequently—Esp. (of students) to be in attendance upon a scholar as a disciple. Berachoth 47ᵇ אפי׳ … ולא ש׳ תלמידי וכ׳ even if one has studied the Bible and the Mishnah, but has failed to wait upon scholars, he is considered an ʿam haarets (see אֶרֶץ). Sotah 47ᵇ שלא שִׁימְּשׁוּ כל צורכן who did not wait upon scholars sufficiently. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 10, 12ᶜ bottom of the page שִׁמַּשְׁתִּי את אבא וכ׳, see יְשִׁיבָה the same place (ibid.) 3, 6ᵃ (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) ולא שי׳, see סָבוֹרָא; and frequently Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ (with ב) to be handled, be used for; (of persons) to make use of, be waited upon. Sanhedrin 48ᵇ נ׳ בהן קודש אסור להִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בהן חול having once been used for a sacred purpose, it is forbidden to use them for a secular purpose. Bava Metzia 84ᵇ כלי שנ׳ … יִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בו חול shall a vessel that has been used for a sacred purpose, be used for a profane purpose (i.e. shall I marry one inferior to my first husband)? Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 119, 134 כלי שנ׳ בו מלך וכ׳ a vessel which the king has used etc., see סָגָן. Chullin 60ᵇ שׁיִשְׁתַּמְּשׁוּ בכתר אחד, see כֶּתֶר. Koheleth Rabbah to 2, 5 ברוחות … מִשְׁתַּמֵשׁ וכ׳ Solomon made use of the spirits, and he sent to India etc. Berachoth 52ᵇ אסור להשתמש בשמש וכ׳ you must not be waited upon by an ignorant waiter. Bereshith Rabbah section 37; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 62 שהיו מִשְׁתַּמְּשִׁין ברוה"ק (not משמשין) who made use of (acted under) holy inspiration; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁמַשׁ same, to minister, wait upon. Targum Genesis 18, 8. Targum I Kings 1, 2; 4. Targum I Samuel 1, 3. Targum Exodus 28, 1; and frequently—participle passive מְשַׁמַּשׁ. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 10, 6 בש׳ באצלחותא וכ׳ (not מְשַׁמֵּשׁ) enjoying happiness from above.—Avodah Zarah 10ᵇ אנטונינוס שַׁמְּשֵׁיה לרבי Antoninus waited upon (entertained) Rabbi; and elsewhere—Transferred to couple. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 15, 18; and frequently Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ to make use of. Avoth 1, 13 ודיִשְׁתַּמַּשׁ בתגא חלף he who makes use of the crown (of the Law) goes to ruin. Megillah 16ᵃ לאו … לאִשְׁתַּמּוּשֵׁי במני וכ׳ it is unbecoming to make use of royal garments in such a condition; and elsewhere ↗ original

שַׁמָּשׁ (the preceding) attendant, servant, waiter. Pesachim 7, 13 כשהש׳ עומד וכ׳ when the waiter (at a Passover meal of two parties) rises to serve the wine. Berachoth 52ᵇ, see שָׁמַשׁ; and frequently—Sanhedrin 59ᵇ חבל על ש׳ גדול וכ׳ woe for the great servant (the most useful instrument of comfort) that was lost to the world! for if the serpent had not been cursed etc.—Euphem. membrum virile. Niddah 11ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) 41ᵇ; and frequently—plural שׁמָּשִׁים, שַׁמָּשִׁין. Mechilta Yithro, Baḥod., section 10; Rosh Hashanah 24ᵇ (referring to Exodus 20, 23) לא תעשון כדמות שַׁמָּשַׁיי המשמשין לפני וכ׳ you shall not make an image like any of my servants (angels, Ḥayoth etc.) that are in attendance before me on high. the same place (ibid.) ש׳ שבמדור העליון the servants of the higher dwelling (angels, Ḥayoth etc.); שבמדור התחתון of the lower dwelling (sun, moon etc.); and elsewhere ↗ original

שֶׁמֶשׁ common gender (Biblical Hebrew;; see Genesis 1, 16 לממשלת וכ׳, a. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) the same place (ibid.) 1, 18; compare Rosh Hashanah 24ᵇ, quoted in the preceding) sun. Taanith 8ᵇ ש׳ בשבת וכ׳ sunshine on the Sabbath is a charity to the poor (who are cheered by it). Pesachim 2ᵃ זריחת ש׳ וכ׳, see זְרִיחָה. Mechilta Mishpatim, section 13 (referring to Exodus 22, 2) וכי הש׳ עליו וכ׳ did the sun shine on him alone? אלא מה ש׳ שלום וכ׳ but (it means,) as the sun signifies peace to the world, so in this case, if it is sure that he has come in peace (without murderous intentions) etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 58, beginning עד שלא ישקיע הקב"ה שִׁמְשׁוֹ וכ׳ before the Lord causes the sun of one righteous man to set, he causes the sun of another to rise. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 6 שִׁמְשָׁהּ של ע"ז, see שָׁזַף; and frequently—plural שְׁמָשׁוֹת.—בין הש׳ (abbreviated or abbreviation בה"ש) [between the two services, between the rulership of the day and that of the night,] at twilight. Shabbath 34ᵇ איזהו בה"ש … כל זמן שפני מזרח וכ׳ what time of the day is called ben-hash-sh’mashoth? From the time that the sun sets (and) as long as the eastern horizon is red (from the reflex); הכסיף … בה"ש when the lower horizon is pale, but the upper horizon is not, it is still ben-hash-sh’mashoth etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 2ᵇ bottom of the page the same place (ibid.) בה"ש כהרף עין, see הֶרֶף. Avoth 5, 6 עשרה … בה"ש ten things were created on the Sabbath eve at twilight; and frequently ↗ original

שִׁמְשָׁא same. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 1, 16. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2 the same place (ibid.) 49, 27. Targum Numbers 25, 4; and frequently—Bava Bathra 84ᵃ, see סוּמַּקְתִּי. Shabbath 129ᵃ ניגני בש׳ let him lie in the sun. the same place (ibid.) דמעלי ביה ש׳, see מַעֲלֵי. Bereshith Rabbah section 68 (referring to Genesis 28, 11) ששמע קולן … אתא ש׳ אתא ש׳ he heard the angels say …, the sun has come (Jacob, with referring to Genesis 37, 9); and frequently—plural שִׁמְשָׁתָא, שִׁמְשַׁיָּא, שִׁמְשֵׁי.—ביני ש׳ (בין, בי) at twilight (see the preceding). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 49, 27. Targum Exodus 12, 6 (Hebrew text בין הערבים); and frequently—Esp. בי שמשא, plural בי שמשי (supply (understood word) דמעלי שבתא) Friday evening, Sabbath eve. Kethuboth 103ᵃ כל בי שמשי הוי וכ׳ every Sabbath eve he used to come home; ההיא בי שמשא וכ׳ one Friday evening a neighbor came etc. Berachoth 43ᵇ בקדושא דבי ש׳ by partaking of the wine at the Ḳiddush (see קִירּוּשׁ) on Friday night; and frequently (compare חַמָּה) fever. Gittin 67ᵇ ש׳ בת יומא diurnal fever; בת תלתא יומי tertiary fever; ש׳ עתיקתא chronic fever; and elsewhere—plural שִׁמְשִׁין red, inflammation. Esther Rabbah introduction to 2, 1 (R. Azariah) transl. חכללות עינים, Proverbs 23, 29) ש׳ דעינין inflammation of the eyes; Vayikra Rabbah section 12 שמשמין; (Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 960 סמקן). ↗ original

שַׁמָּשָׁא common gender = Hebrew שַׁמָּשׁ. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Exodus 33, 11 (see מְשׁוּמְשָׁנָא). Targum Ezekiel 23, 20 edition Lagarde edition (other edition שמוטא, correct accordingly) prostitute.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, beginning 65ᵃ כל מאן דלא מטא ש׳ וכ׳ let him to whom the sexton has not come (to put ashes on his head) take ashes and put etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 4, 28ᵈ bottom of the page לא מסתברא אגרין ליה ש׳ … דהיא ש׳ does it not stand to reason that they (the children to whom their father has assigned his property) must hire an attendant for him? So also must they give him a wife (if he desires it), and were it merely as his attendant; and elsewhere—plural שַׁמָּשִׁין, שַׁמָּשַׁיָּא; feminine שַׁמָּשָׁן Targum Isaiah 6, 2 ש׳ קדישין (Hebrew text שרפים עמדים). Targum Psalms 29, 9. the same place (ibid.) 137, 6 שַׁמָּשָׁי (not שַׁמְשָׁי) my servants (the angels). Targum I Samuel 8, 13 (Hebrew text רקחות); and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁמְשׁוֹךְ , see next article ↗ original

שֻׁמְשׁוּם , see שׁוּמְשׁוּם ↗ original

שִׁמְשׁוֹן (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Samson. Sotah 1, 8 ש׳ הלך וכ׳ S. followed his eyes, therefore they put his eyes out. Bava Bathra 91ᵃ, see הַצְּלֶלְפּוֹנִי; and frequently—Nazir 1, 2 הריני כש׳ וכ׳ if one says, I will be like S., like Manoah’s son etc. the same place (ibid.), and frequently נזיר ש׳, see נָזִיר. the same place (ibid.) מה בין … לנזיר ש׳ what is the difference between a Nazarite for life and a Nazarite like S.? Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 51ᵇ היידין אינון כינויי ש׳ what are the substitutes for Shimshon (in a Nazarite vow)? שמשוך שמשור שמשוץ shimshokh, shimshor, shimshots ↗ original

שִׁמְשׁוֹץ , see the preceding ↗ original

שִׁמְשַׁי (Ezra 4, 8, and elsewhere) proper noun of a male person Shimshai, a scribe of the Samaritan colony; (in legend) a scribe at the court of Ahasuerus. Targum 2 Esther 6, 1.—Megillah 15ᵇ and the following (referring to Esther 6, 2) מלמד שש׳ מוחק וכ׳ this intimates that Sh. had erased (the record in favor of Mordecai), and Gabriel wrote it over. Yalkut Shimoni Esther 1045 המן … הוא ש׳ הסופר כלומר ש׳ בנו וכ׳ Haman the wicked, that is Sh. the scribe, that is to say, Sh. the son of Haman; Esther Rabbah introduction; and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁמְשְׁמִין , see שִׁמְשָׁא ↗ original

שמשק , see שׁוּמְשׁוּק ↗ original

שְׁמַת (compare שמם) to be still, desolate.—Denom. שַׁמְתָּא. Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁמֵּית (denominative of שַׁמְתָּא) to excommunicate, accurse Moed Katan 16ᵃ מנלן דמְשַׁמְּתִינָן whence do we derive the authority to excommunicate (persons refusing to obey the summons of the court)? the same place (ibid.); Shevuoth 36ᵃ שַׁמְּתֵיה וכ׳, see שִׁיפוֹרָא. Moed Katan the passage cited הנהו בי תלתא דמְשַׁמְּתֵי לא אתו וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition דשַׁמִּיתוּ) when a court of three has declared a ban, another court of three cannot raise it. the same place (ibid.) 17ᵃ ברישא מְשַׁמֵּית וכ׳ first he banned himself, and then him (the guilty scholar); and frequently—participle passive (Hebrew form) מְשׁוּמָּת. Shabbath 67ᵃ (in an incantation) ליטא תבור ומש׳ cursed, broken, and banned. ↗ original

שַׁמְתָּא (the preceding) [desolation,] curse, ban. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 42, 37. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 21, 24. Targum Song of Songs 2, 16.—Moed Katan 17ᵃ מאי ש׳ what is (the etymology of) shamta? Rab said שׁםׄ מׄיתׄה there is death; Samuel said, שְׁמָמָה יהיה (Munich manuscript שַׁמָּה; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) שם תהא, read: שמה תהא) he shall be (be thou) a desolation. the same place (ibid.) ליהוי האי גברא בש׳ that man (thou) be excommunicated. the same place (ibid.) 16ᵃ לא חל ש׳ עליה וכ׳ (masc.) the ban has not yet rested on him thirty days. the same place (ibid.) עד דחיילא ש׳ וכ׳ (it cannot be raised) before he has been under the ban thirty days. Sotah 5ᵃ בש׳ דאית ביה ובש׳ דלית ביה he (the scholar) in whom there is pride deserves excommunication, and also he in whom there is no pride at all. Kiddushin 12ᵇ Rab ordered to be lashed על דחלא ש׳ וכ׳ him who allowed excommunication (for contempt of court) to rest on him thirty days (and did not submit to authority). Bava Metzia 70ᵃ ולא מקבל עליה ש׳ דרבנ‌ן Munich manuscript and does not bring upon himself the ban of the Rabbis (but obeys their summons); and frequently = Hebrew חֵרֶם, accursed object. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 13, 18.—plural שַׁמְתִּין. the same place (ibid.) 7, 26, see שַׁמִּיתָא. ↗ original

שַׁמָּתִי , see שַׁמּוּתִי ↗ original

שַׁמְתִּית , see שְׁחַמְתִּית ↗ original

שֵׁן common gender (Biblical Hebrew; tooth, tooth-like projection. Shabbath 6, 5 (64ᵇ) שן תותבת ושן של זהב an inserted (natural) tooth or an (artificial) gold tooth; (Babylonian edition שן תותכת שן וכ׳, Oxford manuscript ושן, see Rashi ad loc. (on the passage)). the same place (ibid.) 10, see שׁוּעָל; and frequently—Esp. (supply (understood word) נזק) the damage done by an animal’s eating. Bava Kamma 2ᵇ שלשה … הקרן והשן והרגל three chief damages are mentioned (in the Scriptural text) with reference to the ox: damage by the horn, by the tooth, and by the foot. the same place (ibid.) תולדה דשן, see נְשִׁיכָה. the same place (ibid.) שן יש הנאה וכ׳, see הֶיזֵּק. the same place (ibid.) אשן ורגל it refers to damages by the tooth and by the foot; שן ורגל היכא כתיבי where is the damage by the tooth or the foot written (in the Biblical text)? the same place (ibid.) ובער זו השן ubhiʿer (Exodus 22, 4) this refers to damage by the tooth; and frequently—Du. שִׁנַּיִים, שִׁנַּיִם, שִׁי׳. Chullin 1, 2 בכל … והש׳ you may cut ritually with anything, except … with teeth in the jaw. the same place (ibid.) ואם החליקו שִׁינֶּיהָ and if the teeth of the saw have been made smooth. Kethuboth 71ᵇ בין שיניה, see אֶצְבַּע. the same place (ibid.) 16ᵃ, see כֶּרֶס. Kelim 13, 8 שניטלו שִׁינָּיו (a hackle) whose teeth are broken off. Bereshith Rabbah section 33 חשש רבי את שיניו וכ׳ Rabbi suffered from tooth-ache for thirteen years. Kethuboth 111ᵇ טוב המלבין ש׳ וכ׳ he who causes his neighbor to show the white of his teeth (who makes him cheerful) does better than he who gives him milk to drink. the same place (ibid.) א"ת לבן ש׳ אלא לבון ש׳ read not l’ben shinnayim (Genesis 49, 12) but libbun shinnayim (whitening of teeth, cheerfulness); and frequently— any organ of the body resembling teeth, gland.—Dual as ab. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 6, beginning 7ᵇ בית הש׳ that part of the vagina which has glands; מבין הש׳ ולפנים from the glands and farther inside; Niddah 41ᵇ. Chullin 16ᵇ שיניו נושרות the glands of his rectum will fall off; Shabbath 82ᵃ; and elsewhere cliff, peak. Bereshith Rabbah section 74 כשן הזה של וכ׳ (the stone which Jacob put up was) as large as the peak of Tiberias; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 130; and elsewhere (supply (understood word) של פיל) ivory. Bamidbar Rabbah section 3¹² (play on מי יגׄורׄ … חזק כשׄןׄ (גׄרׄשׄוןׄ who can abide snow and hail, and cold and heat? He who is as strong as ivory (or marble?); אין שן אלא לשון חזק וכ׳ shen has the meaning of strong (referring to Song of Songs 5, 14); a. e marble. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 5, 11; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 991, see עֶשֶׁת. ↗ original

שֵׁן ² Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 32, 24. Targum Exodus 21, 24. Targum I Kings 10, 22 (see פִּילָא I). the same place (ibid.) 18. Targum I Samuel 14, 4; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᵇ bot; האי שִׁינָּךְ וכ׳ how is that tooth of thine?; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, 35ᵃ bottom of the page; Bereshith Rabbah section 33. the same place (ibid.) יהב ידיה על שִׁינֵּיה וכ׳ he put his hand on his (Rabbi’s) tooth, and it was cured.—Gittin 68ᵇ ומנח להו אש׳ דטורא וכ׳ he puts it (the Shamir) on the peak of a mountain, and the mountain bursts. Sanhedrin 96ᵇ תא אש׳ דטורא (Rashi דטורי) come (to Jerusalem) even if it be necessary to march over the cliffs of mountains (different interpretation or differently interpreted in Rashi); Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 287; and frequently—ש׳ דדור, שן דור proper noun of a place the Cliff of Dor (see Hildesh. Sachs, Beitrage pp. 4; 10). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 6, 36ᶜ (not דרור); Tosefta Shevi'ith 4, 11 שורא דרור (correct accordingly); Sifré Deuteronomy 51 [read:] מדבר שר שן דור; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 874 (correct accordingly).—plural שִׁנִּין, שִׁנַּיָּא, שִׁנֵּי, שִׁי׳. Targum Amos 4, 6 (not שְׁנִין). Targum Proverbs 10, 26.—Targum Jeremiah 49, 16. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 49, 21 (not שֵׁינֵי); and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᵇ תלת … חשש (ב)שִׁינּוֹי suffered from tooth-ache for thirteen years. the same place (ibid.) חד שִׁינַּיי וכ׳ one of my teeth annoys me; (Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth the passage cited חד שינא).—Shabbath 82ᵃ, see כַּרְכְּשָׁא; and frequently ↗ original

שִׁנָא , see שֵׁינְתָא ↗ original

שָׂנֵא (Biblical Hebrew) to hate. Pesachim 49ᵇ גדולה שנאה ששׂוֹנְאִין וכ׳ great is the hatred with which the ignorant hate the scholar, even greater than that which gentiles bear towards Israel. the same place (ibid.) 113ᵇ שלשה שׂוֹנְאָן three classes of men does the Lord hate. the same place (ibid.) שלשה שונאין זה וכ׳ three kinds of creatures hate one another, the dog etc. the same place (ibid.) מצוה לִשְׂנֹאתוֹ (variant reading מותר) it is right (permitted) to hate him. the same place (ibid.) שִׂנְאוּ את אדניכם hate your masters. Sanhedrin 108ᵇ the raven said to Noah, רבך שׂוֹנְאֵנִי ואתה שְׂנֵאתַנִי thy master (God) hates me, and thou hatest me. Avoth 1, 10 אהוב … ושְׂנָא וכ׳ love work and hate office; and frequently—participle passive שָׂנוּא; feminine שְׂנוּאָה etc. Kiddushin 68ᵃ; Yevamoth 23ᵃ (referring to Deuteronomy 21, 15) וכי יש ש׳ לפני המקום וכ׳ is there before God a hated one and a beloved one (could it be supposed that the law should allow a discrimination between the children of a favored and of a hated wife)? the same place (ibid.) ש׳ בנישואיה, see נִישּׂוּאִין; and elsewhere—Sifra K’doshim, Parah 3, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 8 שָׂנְאוּי. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׂנָא, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִשְׂתַּנֵּא to be hated. Bamidbar Rabbah section 4⁸ הר סׄינׄי שבו נִשְׂנְאוּ וכ׳ it is called Mount Sinai, because on it the gentiles became hateful to the Lord etc. (see שִׂנְאָה); Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 363 נִשְׂתַּנְּאוּ. Taanith 7ᵇ (referring to ישנא, Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 8, 1) א"ת ישונא אלא יִשָּׂנֵא read not y’shunne (shall be changed), but yissane (shall be hated). Pu. פֻּעַל שׂוּנָּא same. Pesikta Rabbati section 14 (referring to Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) the passage cited) יְשׂוּנֶּא יְסוּנֶּה בסמ"ך read y’sunne, with Samekh (see above). ↗ original

שְׂנֵא , see סְנֵי ↗ original

שְׁנָא 1 to change, see שְׁנֵי. ↗ original

שְׁנָא 2 , year. Targum Leviticus 25, 53 (O. edition Vienna edition שְׁנָה); and frequently—Constr. שְׁנַת. the same place (ibid.) 5; and elsewhere—plural שְׁנַיָּא, שְׁנִין, שְׁנֵי, שְׁנָתָא. the same place (ibid.) 3; 15; 52; and frequently—Targum Psalms 90, 10 שְׁנָתָנָא manuscript (edition שְׁנוֹתָנָא).—Rosh Hashanah 31ᵃ שיתא אלפי ש׳ וכ׳ the world will last six thousand years. Avodah Zarah 9ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) 9ᵇ and the following ההוא … שית ש׳ יתירתא a document dated six years ahead; and frequently ↗ original

שִׁנְאָב , see סְנָאָה ↗ original

שַׂנְאָה , plural שַׂנְאַיָּיא, see סַנְאָה. ↗ original

שִׂנְאָה hatred. Shabbath 32ᵇ, and frequently שִׂנְאַת חנם, see חִנָּם. Avoth 2, 11 שנאת הבריות misanthropy. Pesachim 49ᵇ, see שָׂנֵא. Shabbath 89ᵃ (play on סִינַי) הר שירדה ש׳ לאו"ה עליו the mountain on which came down hatred to the gentiles (who refused to receive the Law, see שָׂנֵא); the same place (ibid.)ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original

שנאון , Esther Rabbah to 2, 1 (ר׳ עזריה), corrupt dittography of שַׁפָּאין, see שַׁפַּיי ↗ original

שַׂנְאוּתָא (preceding article) object of hatred, enemies. Shevuoth 35ᵇ שַׂנְאוּתֵיה מאי נינהו (Munich manuscript שנאיה מאן וכ׳) who are his (Nebuchadnezzar’s) enemies?; Yalkut Shimoni Daniel 1060 סַנְיוּתֵיה. ↗ original

שִׁנְאָן see שָׁנָה I) repetition, double. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Baḥod., p. 107ᵇ (referring to Psalms 68, 18 רבותים אלפי ש׳) ירד … בעשרים ושנים אלף וכ׳ the Lord came down on Sinai with twenty and two thousand classes of ministering angels; the same place (ibid.) 108ᵃ (= שנון) וכולן ירדו שנונין לכלות וכ׳ and all of them came down (with) sharpened (swords), ready to consume Israel’s enemies (euphem. for Israel) etc.; the same place (ibid.) (as if from נאה) הנאין … שבהם the most beautiful and worthy of them; the same place (ibid.) (= שאנן) אעפ"כ היה להם ריוח in spite of their large numbers they had room; Pesikta Rabbati section 21; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 286; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 796. ↗ original

שִׁנְדְּפִין , see שִׁינְדְּפִין ↗ original

שָׁנָה 1, see שני ↗ original

שָׁנָה 2 , Revue des Et. Juives 11, 1885, p. 64) year. Berachoth 55ᵃ שלשה … ש׳ טובה וכ׳ three things must be prayed for: a good king, a good year, and a good dream. Rosh Hashanah 1, 1, and frequently ראש הש׳, see רֹאשׁ. the same place (ibid.) 2ᵃ עלתה לו ש׳ it is counted as one year of his reign (his second year begins). Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 5, 42ᶜ top; Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 53ᵇ, see גָּשַׁם. the same place (ibid.) 39ᵇ אותה ש׳ … בש׳ זו הוא מת (on the Day of Atonement of) the year in which Simon the righteous died, he said to them, in this year he (euphem. for 1) shall die. Sanhedrin 97ᵃ; Avodah Zarah 9ᵃ ששת אלפים ש׳ וכ׳ the world will last six thousand years. Nazir 5ᵃ אותה ש׳ … שנת עשר וכ׳ the year in which they asked for a king was the tenth year of office of Samuel etc. Parah 1, 1 בת שְׁנָתָהּ in her first year; and very frequently—plural שָׁנִים, construct state שְׁנוֹת (שְׁנֵי). Nazir the passage cited ימים שאין עמהן ש׳ ‘days’ in the Scriptures to which the word ‘years’ is not attached; זה שיש עמו ש׳ this passage (Genesis 41, 1) where ‘years’ is combined with days. Yoma 71ᵃ (referring to Proverbs 3, 2) וכי יש ש׳ של חיים ויש ש׳ שאינן וכ׳ are there years of life, and years of no life? אלו שְׁנוֹתָיו של אדם וכ׳ those are a man’s years which are changed for him from evil to good. Shabbath 89ᵇ (referring to כשנים, Isaiah 1, 18) אם יהיו חטאיכם כש׳ הללו וכ׳ if your sins were as many as the years that have been arranged and have come down from the six days of creation until now, they shall become white etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 256; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 9, 12ᵃ bottom of the page כש׳ שבין וכ׳ as the years (required for travelling) between the heaven and the earth; כשְׁנֵי אבות as the years of the patriarchs; and very frequently—ברכת הש׳ (the blessing of the harvests of the year) birkhath hash-shanim, the ninth section of the Prayer of Benedictions (תְּפִלָּה). Berachoth 29ᵃ, see שְׁאֵלָה. Taanith 2ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original

שֵׁנָה , see שֵׁינָה ↗ original

שְׁנוּ (שְׁנֵי) change, reverse. Targum Ezekiel 16, 34. strangeness, something bewildering. Targum Jeremiah 5, 30 (Hebrew text שערורה). the same place (ibid.) 18, 13 (edition Vilna edition שְׁנוּי; Hebrew text שעררת). the same place (ibid.) 23, 14 (edition Vilna edition שְׁנוֹ). Targum Hosea 6, 10. ↗ original

שַׂנֹּוא , see סַנֹּוא ↗ original

שְׂנוּאֲתָא , see שְׂנוּאֲתָא ↗ original

שְׁנוּי , see שְׁנוּ ↗ original

שְׁנּוּי , see sub שִׁינּ׳. ↗ original

שָׁנוּן , see שָׁנַן ↗ original

שְׁנוּן , see שְׁנַן ↗ original

שְׁנוּנִית = שׁוּנִּית, cliff, bluff, embankment. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 10, 7ᵇ bottom of the page המציל … מש׳ הים משלילית הנהר he who rescues things … from the bluff of the sea, or from the alluvium of the river (see שְׁלוּלִית); Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 7, 50ᶜ bottom of the page משונת הים ומשונת הנהר (see שׁוּנִּית); Tosefta Bava Metzia 2, 2 משֻׁנִּיתוֹ של ים ומשֻׁנִּיתוֹ של נהר variant reading (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) משלוליתו … משלוליתו וכ׳); (Bava Metzia 21ᵇ מזוטו וכ׳, see זֶוֶט). ↗ original

שִׁנּוּקָא , see שִׁינּוּקא ↗ original

שָׂנַט , see סָנַט ↗ original

שָׁנֵי , Targum Song of Songs 1, 17 edition Vienna edition, read שָׁגֵי, see שָׁאגָא ↗ original

שָׁנִי (Biblical Hebrew) scarlet; תולעת ש׳, see תֹּולֵעָה.—plural שָׁנִים. Shabbath 89ᵇ (referring to Isaiah 1, 18) כשנים כשני מיבעי ליה וכ׳ kasshanim? it ought to read kasshani (as scarlet) etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 256; and elsewhere, see שָׁנָה 2. ↗ original

שני (Biblical Hebrew) to repeat, do a second time. Yoma 86ᵇ ואם ש׳ בהן וכ׳ but if he committed the same sins again, he must confess them. the same place (ibid.) כיון … וש׳ בה וכ׳ when a man commits a sin and repeats it, it appears to him permitted; Moed Katan 27ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) 16ᵇ; Berachoth 18ᵃ אם קרית לא שָׁנִיתָ ואם שנית וכ׳ if thou hast read (studied), thou hast not repeated, and if thou hast repeated, thou hast not reviewed a third time, and if thou hast done so, they have not explained it to thee (see פָּרַשׁ). Sotah 9ᵃ (referring to Malachi 3, 6) לא … ושָׁנִיתִי לה וכ׳ I never struck a nation and had to do it a second time, but you, children of Israel, have not been consumed; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 825. the same place (ibid.) שהיה מכה … ולא שֹׁונֶה לו who used to strike a man once and no more (killed with one stroke). Tosefta Tohoroth 4, 1 אומר לו שיִשְׁנֶה we say to him that he should do it again (when it will be seen whether it can be done without touching uncleanness); אין שֹׁונִין בטהרות we must not try again for the purpose of deciding in matters of levitical cleanness; Niddah 5ᵇ אומרים לו שְׁנֵה ושונה we say to him, do it again, and he does it again; and frequently—participle passive שָׁנוּי; feminine שְׁנוּיָה etc. Megillah 31ᵃ; Avodah Zarah 19ᵇ, see שָׁלַשׁ; and elsewhere (denominative of מִשְׁנָה) to study the Mishnah; in gen. to study; to teach. Megillah 28ᵇ; Niddah 73ᵃ כל השונה וכ׳ he who studies (reviews) traditional laws every day. Megillah 32ᵃ; Treatise Sof’rim 3, 10 השונה בלא זמרה who studies (Mishnah and Gemarah) without chant. Bava Metzia 44ᵃ שנית לנו … ותִשְׁנֶה לנו וכ׳ in thy earlier days thou taughtest us …, and again in thy old days, thou teachest us etc.?; Avodah Zarah 52ᵇ. Eruvin 92ᵃ וכי רבי לא שְׁנָאָהּ וכ׳ but if Rabbi has not taught that, whence could R. Ḥiyya have it?; Yevamoth 43ᵃ; Niddah 62ᵃ רבי לא שנה וכ׳ Rabbi has not taught this? whence etc.? Yevamoth 108ᵇ, and elsewhere מי שש׳ זו לא ש׳ זו he who taught this, has not taught that, i.e. the two clauses in the Mishnah are from different authors, see תַּבְרָא. Chullin 85ᵃ ראה רבי … ושְׁנָאָן וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition ושנאו) Rabbi approved of the opinion of R. …, and embodied it in the Mishnah as the opinion of ‘the scholars’. Pesachim 3ᵇ; Chullin 63ᵇ לעולם יִשְׁנֶה אדם לתלמידו וכ׳ one should always teach his pupil the shortest way (use the briefest terms). the same place (ibid.) 81ᵇ, and frequently לא שָׁנוּ אלא וכ׳ they have taught this only with regard to a case etc., i.e. this is meant only when etc.; and frequently—participle passive as ab. Niddah 22ᵇ, and frequently במחלוקת שנויה, see מַחֲלוֹקֶת. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׁנֶה to be repeated. Sanhedrin 59ᵃ ונִישְׁנֵית, see נֹחַ. Chullin 63ᵇ למה נִשְׁנוּ בבהמה וכ׳ why are the laws of clean and unclean animals repeated (in Deuteronomy)? With reference to quadrupeds, on account of hassh’suʿah (Deuteronomy 14, 7, which is not found in Leviticus 11, 4) etc., see שְׁסוּעָה; Bechoroth 6ᵇ; and elsewhere to be taught. Bava Metzia 33ᵇ; Bava Kamma 94ᵇ, and elsewhere בימי רבי נשנית משנה זו this Mishnah was taught (originated) in Rabbi’s days. Berachoth 28ᵃ, see עֵדוּת; and elsewhere Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁנֶה to teach (Mishnah etc.). Echah Rabbah to 1, 6 הַשְׁנֵינִי פרק וכ׳, see קָרָא 2; and elsewhere Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁנָּה, שִׁינָּה to repeat, to come a second time. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 3, 21ᵇ bottom of the page לְשַׁנֹּות, see טַעֲנָה. Bamidbar Rabbah section 4²⁰ ולא שִׁינְּתָה, see שָׁלַשׁ. to change, vary, modify; to make a distinction. Bava Metzia 6, 2 כל המְשַׁנֶּה ידיו וכ׳, see יָד. Sanhedrin 92ᵇ אפי׳ … לא יְשַׁנֶּה אדם את עצמו וכ׳ even in time of danger (persecution) a man must not change himself from (disguise the insignia of) his office. Yevamoth 65ᵇ מותר … לשנות וכ׳ one may modify (the report of a person’s utterances) in the interest of peace. the same place (ibid.) גדול … הקב"ה ש׳ בו וכ׳ peace is a great thing, for even the Lord modified (Sarah’s words) for its sake (referring to Genesis 18, 12 a. 13). Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 4, 30ᵈ top אל תְּשַׁנּוּ מנהג וכ׳ change not the usage of your fathers etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 48 זה אחד … שׁשִׁינּוּ וכ׳ this is one of the things which they (the seventy translators) changed for king Ptolemee. Shabbath 10ᵇ לעולם אל יְשַׁנֶּה אדם בנו בין הבנים a man must never distinguish his son among his sons (favor one son more than the others); Bereshith Rabbah section 84. Betzah 30ᵃ אם אי אפשר לשנות if it is not possible to do the thing in a different manner (so as to be reminded that it is a Holy Day). Tanchuma Nitsabim 3 כבר … שלא אֲשׁנֶּה בכם וכ׳ I have sworn to you that I will not change my relation to you etc. Yalkut Shimoni Malachi 589 מי שי׳ במי which of us changed his conduct towards the other?; המקום לא שי׳ בישראל God has not changed his relation to Israel; and frequently—participle passive מְשׁוּנֶּה; feminine מְשׁוּנָּה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, end, 64ᵈ עורב יצא מש׳ מן הבריות the raven came out of the ark looking different from all other creatures (black). Shekalim 5, 2, see רִצְפָה. Shabbath 56ᵃ (referring to 2 Samuel 12, 9) מש׳ רעה זו וכ׳ this evil deed is different from all etc. the same place (ibid.) 156ᵇ מיתה מש׳ a strange (unnatural, sudden) death; Sotah 35ᵃ; and frequently—Devarim Rabbah section 9 ראה אותו מש׳ he saw him (the angel of death) looking strange (excited); מפני מה אתה מש׳ why art thou excited? Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתַּנֶּה, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִשְׁתַּנֶּה to be changed, different. Sanhedrin 38ᵃ בשלשה … מִשְׁתַּנֶּה מחבירו וכ׳ by three things one man is distinguishable from another: by his voice etc. Pesachim 10, 4 (116ᵃ) מה נ׳ הלילה וכ׳ why is this night different from all other nights? Sanhedrin 71ᵇ [read:] הואיל ונ׳ דינו ונִשְׁתַּנֵית מיתתו because his (the proselyte’s) legal status is different, and the mode of capital punishment is different for him. Shabbath 53ᵇ נִשְׁתַּנּוּ לו סדרי וכ׳ the order of nature had to be changed for him. Rosh Hashanah 19ᵃ מה נִישְׁתַּנִּינוּ מכל וכ׳ wherein are we different from any other nation or tongue that you decree for us such hard decrees?; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁנֵי to repeat. Targum I Samuel 26, 8 edition Vilna edition (see תְּנֵי).—Sanhedrin 59ᵃ ולמה לי למִישְׁנֵי בסיני and why is it repeated at Sinai?; and elsewhere to change; to be different. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 34, 7.—Vayikra Rabbah section 22 כל מאי דהוה הדין ש׳ הדין ש׳ as the one (the mosquito) changed, so did the other (Titus) change. Yevamoth 21ᵇ או דילמא לא שנא (abbreviated or abbreviation ל"ש) or is there no difference (between the wife of a brother on the mother’s side and that of a brother on the father’s side)? Sukkah 29ᵇ ל"ש ביו"ט … ול"ש וכ׳ no difference whether it is the first Holy Day or the second. the same place (ibid.) 30ᵃ ל"ש לפני וכ׳ no difference whether before etc. Shabbath 6ᵃ הכי נמי ל"ש in this case, too, it is the same; and very frequently—Yevamoth the passage cited מאי ש׳ הני מאי ש׳ הא (abbreviated or abbreviation מ"ש) what difference is there between the former and the latter? Shabbath 4ᵃ ומאי ש׳ and wherein lies the difference? the same place (ibid.) 2ᵇ מ"ש הכא … ומ"ש התם וכ׳ wherein lies the difference (what reason is there) that the Mishnah says here, ‘two which are four within, and two which are four without’, and there (Shevuoth 1, 1) only, ‘two which are four’?; and frequently—Part. שָׁאנֵי it is different. Sukkah 21ᵇ ש׳ שוורים הואיל וכ׳ it is different in the case of oxen, because etc. Shabbath 7ᵇ ש׳ צרור וכ׳ it is different with bundles and other objects etc. Kerithoth 11ᵃ והכא ש׳ but here it is different; and very frequently—5. שׁנִיא. Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁנֵּי to change; to act strangely. Targum Genesis 41, 14. Targum Psalms 89, 35. the same place (ibid.) 34, 1. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 32, 5; and frequently—[the same place (ibid.) 41 אישני, read: אישנן, see שְׁנַן.—Targum Judges 20, 16 משנן, read: משגן, see שְׁגֵי.]—Taanith 24ᵇ שַׁנִּי דוכתיך change thy place; ש׳ דוכתיה he changed his place. Kerithoth 11ᵃ לישנא דשׁנּוּיֵי, see חָרַף. Betzah 30ᵃ כמה דאפשר לשנויי מְשַׁנִּינָן וכ׳ as much as it is feasible to change (the mode of doing a thing), we must change on the Holy Day; Shabbath 128ᵇ; the same place (ibid.) 117ᵇ מְשַׁנִּין. Betzah the passage cited והא הני נשי … ולא מְשַׁנְּיָין וכ׳ but there are those women that fill their pitchers … without any change, and we say nothing to them (to interfere)! Sanhedrin 96ᵃ top שני נפשך (Rashi אַשְׁנִי) disguise thyself; במאי אִישַׁנֵּי how shall I disguise (myself)?; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 276; and frequently to reply. Shabbath 7ᵇ זימנין מְשַׁנֵּי לה וכ׳ at times he replied to it (met the objection by saying) etc. the same place (ibid.) 3ᵇ דמשני לך; Kethuboth 98ᵇ דשַׁנִּינָן, see שִׁינּוּיָא. Pesachim 20ᵇ ומְשַׁנֵּי שאני התם וכ׳ and he answered, it is different in that case; and frequently—Shevuoth 21ᵃ top כדשני ליה (Rashi כדמשני) as he (Abayi) replied to him (R. Papa, further below). Af'el הִפְעִיל אַשְׁנֵי to change, act strangely. Targum Malachi 3, 6. Targum Onkelos a. Yerushalmi (prefix) I Deuteronomy 32, 5; and frequently—[Targum Psalms 71, 17 אשני, read with edition Lagarde edition אתני.]—Sanhedrin 96ᵃ top, see above. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּנֵּי, Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׁתְּנֵי to be changed. Targum Deuteronomy the passage cited Targum Lamentations 4, 1; and elsewhere—Sanhedrin 71ᵇ נימא הואיל וא׳ א׳ let us say, because his status has changed, he is a different person (not responsible for acts committed in his previous condition); האי דינו א׳ מיתתו לא א׳ this man’s legal status has changed, but the mode of his execution is not affected thereby. the same place (ibid.) הואיל וא׳ א׳ … דא׳ לגמרי because a change has taken place (by her becoming of age), she is a different person (and the mode of her execution must be different): so much the more here (in the case of a proselyte) where a complete change has taken place. the same place (ibid.) 96ᵃ א׳ אפיה והוה וכ׳ his face changed, and he looked like a dog. Shabbath 36ᵃ הני … א׳ שמייהו וכ׳ the names of the following three things have changed since the destruction of the Temple; Sukkah 34ᵃ; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁנֵי ² two, see שְׁנַיִם. ↗ original

שְׂנֵי to hate, see סְנֵי. ↗ original

שֵׁנִי (Biblical Hebrew) second. Megillah 4, 1 בש׳ on the second day of the week. the same place (ibid.) 22ᵃ; Taanith 27ᵇ הש׳ קורא וכ׳ the second (of those called to read from the Law) reads etc. Betzah 6ᵃ, and frequently יום טוב ש׳ the second (Rabbinical) Holy Day (instituted on account of the uncertainty of the calendar). Shabbath 40ᵇ, and frequently כלי ש׳ second vessel, i.e. a vessel into which a boiling mass has been poured, contradistinguished to כלי ראשון a vessel direct from the fire.—Maʿǎser Sheni 1, 1, and frequently מעשר ש׳, see מַעֲשֵׂר.—Esp. a) (לטומאה) ש׳ the second degree of levitical uncleanness, an object made unclean through contact with uncleanness, see רִאשׁוֹן. Tohoroth 2, 2 האוכל … אוכל ש׳ ש׳ he that eats food unclean in the second degree, becomes unclean in the second degree. Pesachim 14ᵃ ש׳ וש׳ הוא וכ׳ it is a contact between two things both unclean in the second degree, and why do you say that he adds to the degree of uncleanness?; and frequently—b) relationship in the second degree, second generation. Sanhedrin 28ᵃ ש׳ בש׳ תנן we have learned that a relative in the second degree (first cousin) cannot testify for or against a relative in the second degree; ש׳ בראשון תנן we have learned that one of the second generation cannot testify for or against one of the first generation, i.e. his uncle. the same place (ibid.) שלישי בש׳ a relative in the third degree against one in the second degree, i.e. his father’s first cousin; and frequently—plural שְׁנִיִּים. Yadayim 2, 2 ואת הש׳ למקום אחר and water poured over his hands a second time on another place. the same place (ibid.) ועל הש׳ טהור and a loaf which fell on the place which received the second water is clean. Bereshith Rabbah section 31 ש׳ לו וכ׳ the second story of the ark was for him (Noah) and his sons and the clean animals; and frequently—Fem. שְׁנִיָּה, שְׁנִיָּיה. Shekalim 3, 4; and frequently—plural שְׁנִיּוֹת. Yadayim 3, 2 ש׳ (supply (understood word) לטומאה), see above. Avodah Zarah 3ᵇ ש׳ during the second three hours of the day; and frequently—Esp. שניה (supply (understood word) לערוה) incest of second degree, intermarriage forbidden by rabbinical enactment. Yevamoth 21ᵇ אמו ערוה אם אמו ש׳ connection with one’s mother is incest, with one’s mother’s mother incest in the second degree. the same place (ibid.) משום ש׳ as incest of the second degree; and frequently—plural as above. the same place (ibid.)ᵃ מה הם ש׳ what relationships are sh’niyoth? the same place (ibid.) (referring to Leviticus 18, 27) האל … מאי נינהו ש׳ haël means the severe, which implies that there are milder forms of incest; what are they? The sh’niyoth; and frequently ↗ original

שַׁנְיָא (שְׁנֵי) different, a different thing.—[Targum Proverbs 10, 14 שניא some edition, read: שֵׁצְיָא].—Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 1, 21ᵈ bottom of the page [read] לא ש׳ הוא דבר … הוא וכ׳ it makes no difference, (it is all the same) whether it is a plant the seed of which disappears (must be renewed every year) or etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 5, 32ᶜ לא ש׳ היא … היא וכ׳ it is all the same whether one slaughters a Passover sacrifice as a peace-offering or the reverse. the same place (ibid.) 10, end, 37ᵈ ש׳ היא it is a different case; and frequently—[5. שָׁאנֵי, under the word שְׁנֵי.] strange thing, folly.—plural שַׁנְיָן, שַׁנְיָין. Targum Isaiah 30, 10 (Hebrew text מהתלות). ↗ original

שְׂנִיאֲתָא , see שְׂנוּאֲתָא ↗ original

שניגור , Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 3, beginning 53ᶜ, see סְנֵיגוֹר ↗ original

שַׁנְיָיא , see שַׁנְיָא ↗ original

שָׁנְיָיא proper noun of a place, see שׁוּנְיָא ↗ original

שְׁנַיִם (Biblical Hebrew) two. Berachoth 8ᵃ ש׳ מקרא ואחד תרגום reading the Scriptural portion of the week twice, and the Targum once. the same place (ibid.) שיעור ש׳ פתחים a distance of two gates. Zevachim 5, 4, see מַתָּנָה. Shabbath 1, 1 ש׳ שהן ארבע two ways of transfer from place to place, which become four (by rabbinical addition). the same place (ibid.) שְׁנֵיהֶם פטורין both of them are free. Sanhedrin 5, 3 בש׳ בחדש on the second day of the month. the same place (ibid.) בש׳ שעות in the second hour of the day. Menachoth 3, 3. the same place (ibid.) 6; and very frequently—שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר, שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה twelve. Niddah 69ᵇ. Avodah Zarah 3ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original

שניצן , Mikvaoth 10, 4, see שֶׁנֶץ. ↗ original

שְׂנִיר (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun Senir, a portion of Mount Hermon. Sukkah 12ᵃ, see קָרַשׁ. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 8 [read:] מה זה השׄנׄיׄרׄ שׄונא את הנׄיׄרׄ ולא נזרע אלא פעם אחד כך וכ׳ as Mount Senir hates the plough and can be sown only once, so was Isaac etc. Chullin 60ᵇ ש׳ ושריון מהרי וכ׳ Senir and Sirion belong to the mountains of Palestine; and elsewhere ↗ original

שָׂנֵיתָא , see שְׂנוּאֲתָא ↗ original

שנמג , see פּוּרְסִישְׁנָמַג ↗ original

שָׁנַן (Biblical Hebrew) to be pointed, sharp; to sharpen. —participle pass. שָׁנוּן, plural שְׁנוּנִים sharpened; in a transferred sense ready, quick. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Baḥod., p. 108ᵃ, and elsewhere, see שִׁנְאָן. Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁנֵּן to sharpen; in a transferred sense (compare חדד) to teach diligently, see שִׁינּוּן. to brighten, cheer. Aboth dRabbi Nathan Chaldaic (Aramaic) 18 והיה מְשַׁנֵּן בה כל וכ׳ and with this (his disposition) he cheered all Israel’s scholars. to speak distinctly. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 3, 6ᵇ bottom of the page לא מסתברא … משנן בפיו is it not evident that in reading the Sh’mʿa every one must recite it distinctly with his own mouth? ↗ original

שְׁנַן participle passive שָׁנִין, שְׁנִינָא (שְנוּ׳); plural שְׁנִינִין (שְׁנוּ׳). Targum Proverbs 25, 18. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 3, 24 (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 שְׁנוּ׳, not שִׁנּוּ׳). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 32, 41. Targum Psalms 120, 4 שני׳ edition Lagarde edition (other edition שנו׳). Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁנֵּין to sharpen. the same place (ibid.) 64, 4 שַׁנִּינוּ (edition Vilna edition שְׁנִי׳). Targum Jeremiah 51, 11. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy the passage cited אישני בברקא, read: אִישֵׁנֵּין כברקא. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּנֵּין to be sharpened, polished. Targum Ezekiel 21, 15; and elsewhere ↗ original

שָׁנָן (the preceding) pointed rock, cliff. — plural שְׁנָנִים. Oholoth 8, 2; compare שְׁנוּנִית. ↗ original

שְׁנָנָא , construct state שְׁנַן (the preceding words) blade, edge. Targum Onkelos Genesis 3, 24 (Hebrew text להט). Targum I Samuel 17, 7 שִׁנְנָא (edition Vilna edition שִׁנָ׳).—5. שִׁינְנָא. ↗ original

שְׁנָנָה (the preceding) spear point. Sanhedrin 82ᵃ bottom of the page שלף ש׳ וכ׳ (Rashi שננא), see אוּנְקְלַי 2; Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 771. ↗ original

שִׁנְעָר (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun Shinear, a part of Babylonia (see Schrader KAT², p. 118). Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 7ᵇ bottom of the page, and elsewhere למה נקרא שמה ש׳ why is Babylonia called Shinear?; see נָעַר 2; Zevachim 113ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) למה … ש׳ שמנערת עשיריה it is called Sh., because it shakes out its rich men (makes them poor); and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁנַץ (Shaf. of אֲנַץ; compare Biblical Hebrew שנס) to squeeze in, fasten, lace. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, end, 32ᵈ דהוא ש׳ גרמיה והיא נחתא for when he laces himself (his shoes), it (the purple band) slips down.—participle passive שָׁנִיץ; feminine שְׁנִיצָא, שְׁנִיצַת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 3, 74ᵇ bottom of the page, see קוּנְטְרָא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᶜ bottom of the page כבר שניצת (not שנצת), see עוּנְקְתָא. ↗ original

שֶׁנֶץ (the preceding) strap, lace. Mikvaoth 10, 4 ש׳ של סנדל edition Dehr. (edition שניצן, read: שְׁנָצִין) laces of a sandal, contradistinguished to חֶבֶט.—plural שְׁנָצוֹת, with suffix שְׁנָצָיו. Kelim 26, 1, and the following כיס של ש׳ a bag which is closed by means of laces.—[שנץ proper noun of a place, see שֶׁצֶת.] ↗ original

שִׁנְצָא —plural שִׁנְצִין, שִׁנְצֵי, שִׁי׳. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 25, 9 (not צַי …).—Yevamoth 102ᵃ סנדל דאית לה ש׳ a sandal which has laces. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 12, 12ᶜ bottom of the page דשנצין (not דשנצוי), see שׁוּרְצִיפָא. Shabbath 92ᵃ דאיכא ש׳ a bag which has laces with which to close it. ↗ original

שָׁנַק (Shaf. of אנק or חנק), Pi'el שִׁנֵּק to strangle, choke. Pesikta Rabbati section 36; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 359 ומְשַׁנְּקִין את רוחך בעול and they shall choke thy spirit (curb thy energies) with a yoke. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתַּנֵּק to be strangled. Psikta Zutrathi, ed. Buber, Chukkath, p. 244 ולא היינו מִשְׁתַּנְּקִין בצמא and we should not have been choked by thirst. ↗ original

שְׁנַק , Pa'el שַׁנֵּיק, שַׁנֵּק same. Targum Onkelos Exodus 14, 27 (Hebrew text נער); Targum Psalms 136, 15 (manuscript שַׁרְנֵיק).). Targum Song of Songs 1, 9; and frequently to trouble, confound. Targum Malachi 1, 13 (Hebrew text והפחתם; some edition ושביק׳). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 10, 2 ית מה דשַׁנִּיקִית Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition ית ניסין דעבדית; Hebrew text התעללתי). Af'el הִפְעִיל אַשְׁנֵיק to be narrow. Targum Proverbs 4, 12 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition, see טְעַק). Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּנֵּיק, Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׁתְּנִיק to be strangled, suffocated. Targum Job 7, 12. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 14, 13; and elsewhere to be distressed. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 22, 20. ↗ original

שֵׁנְתָא , see שֵׁינְתָא ↗ original

שְׁנָתוֹת (see שׁן) teeth-like marks. Menachoth 9, 2 (87ᵇ) ש׳ היו בהין וכ׳ the Hin measure in the Temple had marks: so far for the meal-offering to go with the bullock etc.; Bava Bathra 86ᵇ. Shabbath 80ᵇ אלא אמר … ש׳ but, said R. K., (the andifé of the Mishnah means, enough time to whiten) the marks of a vessel. ↗ original

ש"ס (abbreviated or abbreviation of שׄשה סדרים the six orders of the Talmud) the Talmud. Zevachim 5ᵃ ונסיב לה הש"ס וכ׳ (Munich manuscript תלמודא) and the Talmud applies to it the verse etc.; Moed Katan 3ᵇ (Munich manuscript תלמודא). Chagigah 10ᵃ אפילו מש"ס לש"ס (Munich manuscript מתלמוד לתלמוד) even he that goes from Talmud (Babli) to Talmud (Y’rushalmi). Treatise Sof’rim 15, 5, and the following; 7, and the following; (Bava Metzia 33ᵃ, and the following גמרא, Munich manuscript תלמוד; Yerushalmi (prefix) Horayoth 3, 48ᶜ top תלמוד); and elsewhere ↗ original

שָׁסָה , see שסי ↗ original

שִׁסּוּעַ , see שִׁיסּוּעַ ↗ original

שְׁסוּעָה divided. Chullin 60ᵇ; Niddah 24ᵃ (referring to Deuteronomy 14, 7) הש׳ בריה וכ׳ the sh’suʿah is a creature with two backs and two spinal columns. Chullin 63ᵇ; Bechoroth 6ᵇ; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 537, see שָׁנָה Nif'al ↗ original

שסי (onomatopoetic) to hiss. Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁיסָּה to set on (a dog, serpent etc.). Sanhedrin 9, 1, see נָשַׁךְ; Bava Kamma 23ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) מאן פטור מְשַׁסֶּה וכ׳ who is exempt from responsibility? Is he exempt that set the dog on, and is the owner of the dog responsible? the same place (ibid.) 24ᵇ המשסה … חבירו בחבירו he who sets his neighbor’s dog on a neighbor; שִׁיסָּהוּ הוא בעצמו if he incited the neighbor’s dog against himself. Bereshith Rabbah section 84 באו ונְשַׁסֶּה בו וכ׳ come, let us set on the dogs against him (Joseph); and elsewhere—[Bibl. Hebr. שסה to plunder, compare שָׁסַע.] ↗ original

שְׁסֵי , Pa'el שַׁסֵּי same. Bava Kamma 24ᵇ כיין … דמְשַׁסֵּי ליה ומִשְׁתַּסֵּי וכ׳ (Manuscript Rome דמְשַׁסּוּ) since thou knowest of thy dog, that one can set him on and he will bite, thou oughtest not to have kept him. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּסֵּי to be set on, to bite, see above. ↗ original

שָׁסַע (Biblical Hebrew) to rend, split. —participle pass. שָׁסוּעַ; plural שְׁסוּעִים, שְׁסוּעִין cloven-footed. Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 537 (referring to Leviticus 11, 26) לש׳ מנין whence do we learn that the laws of uncleanness apply to the cloven-footed animals?; לשאין ש׳ מנין that it applies to those not cloven-footed?; Sifra Sh’mini, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 5, Parah 4 שיסועים (correct accordingly). Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁיסַּע same. Zevachim 6, 5 שי׳ ולא וכ׳ he rent (the sacrificial bird), but did not sever it entirely. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 7, 10 היה מְשַׁסְּעוֹ ביד וכ׳ he rent it with his hand, but not with a knife; and elsewhere—participle pass. מְשׁוּסָּע cloven-footed. Sifra the passage cited מפריס ומש׳, see פָּרַס; Yalkut Shimoni the passage cited ומשסע (correct accordingly). ↗ original

שְׁסַע , Pa'el שַׁסַּע same. Targum Lamentations 3, 11 (Hebrew text פשח). ↗ original

שָׁסַף (Biblical Hebrew), Pi'el שִׁסֵּף (compare the preceding) to split, to hew in pieces. Echah Rabbah to 3, 64 (referring to וישסף, I Samuel 15, 33) שחתכו וכ׳ he cut him in four pieces. Sifra Thazriʿa Parah 5, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 16 יְשַׁסְּפֶנּוּ Rabad, see שָׁצַף. ↗ original

שִׁסְקִי , see שִׁיסְקֵי ↗ original

שַׁסְתֵּם (Shaf. of סתם) to enclose, lock up. Gittin 68ᵃ שדא ביה … שַׁסְתְּמֵיה Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition סתמיה) he threw a chain (looped rope) over him and enclosed his head; [Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) ‘drew it up’, when we should expect ושַׁסְתְּמָהּ]. ↗ original

שַׁע shʿa, the first element of the word שַׁעַטְנֵז, phonetically representing the act of carding (see שׁוּעַ). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, end, 32ᵈ, see שַׁעַטְנֵז, a. נוּז. ↗ original

שְׁעָא , see שְׁעִי ↗ original

שִׁעְבֵּד (Shafel of עָבַד) to subject, subjugate, surrender; to obligate, pledge. Bereshith Rabbah section 44 (referring to Genesis 15, 13) ידוע שאני מְשׁעְבְּדָן וכ׳ ‘knowing’ means that I will surrender them as slaves, ‘thou shalt know’, that I will redeem them. Pesikta Rabbati section 15 לא כך … שהוא מְשַׁעְבְּדֵינוּ בשבעים וכ׳ has not the Lord said, that he will make us the subjects of seventy nations? the same place (ibid.) [read:] גותי אחד בא ומְשַׁעְבֵּד באחד ממנו כגון שׁשִׁיעְבְּדָה כל אומתו one Goth comes and enslaves one of us, that is as much as if she (Rome) had enslaved all of us; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 8. Bereshith Rabbah section 85 (referring to Isaiah 66, 7) קודם … מְשַׁעְבֵּד ראשון וכ׳ before yet the first oppressor (of Israel) was born, the last redeemer was born. Rosh Hashanah 3, 8 (referring to Numbers 21, 8) בזמן … ומְשַׁעְבְּדִין את לבם לאביהם וכ׳ when the Israelites looked upward and pledged their hearts to their Father in heaven, they were healed; and frequently—participle passive מְשׁוּעְבָּד; plural מְשׁוּעְבָּדִים, מְשׁוּעְבָּדִין. Bamidbar Rabbah section 5⁸ שלא … אלא מש׳ לפני הארון they were not haughty, but bore themselves like servants before the Ark. Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 3, 79ᵇ שיהא הכל מש׳ להלכה so that everything be made subject to the law; and elsewhere—נכסים מש׳, or משועבדין (supply (understood word) נכסים) mortgaged property, i.e. property bought from a person who owes a debt collectible from his landed estate in whatever hands it may be, opposite בני חורין property in the hands of the debtor. Bava Metzia 13ᵇ. Gittin 50ᵇ; and frequently to vex, persecute, attempt to destroy. Shemoth Rabbah section 22 נראה … מְשַׁעְבְּדִין את ישראל בדבר וכ׳ (not על ישראל) let us see how we can persecute Israel by means of something which the Lord cannot bring upon us in the same manner; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 208 אם מְשַׁעְבְּדִים אנו אותם באש וכ׳ if we destroy them through fire, their God can bring fire upon us etc.; בואו ונְשַׁעְבְּדֵם במים (not ונשתעבדם) come, let us destroy them through water; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 786; and elsewhere Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתַּעְבֵּד, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִשְׁתַּעְבֵּד (with (with ל) to be subjugated, be the slave or subject of. Gittin 4, 4 עבד … אם לשום עבד יִשְׁתַּעְבֵּד וכ׳ a slave that was captured and redeemed, if he was redeemed as a slave, remains a slave; if as a freeman, he cannot be made a slave. the same place (ibid.) 37ᵇ ישתעבד לרבו ראשון he is the slave of his first (original) master; לא ישתעבד … לרבו שני he is the slave neither of his first master, nor of his second master (his redeemer). Pesikta Rabbati section 15 במה … או שׁיִשְׁתַּעְבְּדו למלכיות which wilt thou choose? that thy children go down to Gehenna, or that they be subjected to successive empires? Shabbath 88ᵇ אמר … לפרעה הִשְׁתַּעְבַּדְתֶּם (Munich manuscript נִשְׁתַּעְבַּדְתֶּם) he (Moses) said to them (the angels), did you go down to Egypt? have you been slaves to Pharaoh? Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 78, 32 (insert from Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 819) זה יעקב … שאילו עלה לא ירד עוד ולא היה לנו להִשְׁתַּעְבֵּד שיעבוד זה שאנו משועבדין (see edition Buber edition) this refers to Jacob …, for if he had gone up, he would not have gone down again, and we should not have to suffer the servitude to which we are now subjected; and frequently (with ב) to use as slave, enslave. Pesachim 118ᵇ מה הללו שנִשְׁתַּעְבְּדוּ בהן כך אני שלא נִשְׁתַּעְבַּדְתִּי וכ׳ if they (the Egyptians) who treated them as slaves, fare thus, I (Cush) who did not enslave them etc. Gittin 40ᵃ פלונית … אל ישתעבדו בה וכ׳ that handmaid of mine, they (my heirs) shall not treat her as a slave after my death. Kethuboth 111ᵃ השביע … שלא ישתעבדו בהן וכ׳ the Lord adjured the nations not to oppress Israel too hard. Menachoth 53ᵇ; Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 289 [read:] ישתעבדו בהם ארבע מלכיות וכ׳ (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim to Menachoth the passage cited, note) four successive empires shall treat them as slaves, each as long etc.; and frequently—[Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 208, see above.] ↗ original

שַׁעְבֵּד Targum Onkelos Genesis 12, 5. Targum Judges 10, 8. Targum Nahum, Book of 1, 12. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 3, 7; and frequently—Bava Metzia 13ᵃ שַׁעְבֵּיד נפשיה he bound himself (made himself responsible). Gittin 49ᵇ כל לגביה בריה שַׁעְבּוּרֵי מְשַׁעְבֵּד נפשיה for his son’s sake a man makes himself responsible. Avodah Zarah 2ᵇ, see below; and frequently—participle passive מְשַׁעְבַּד; feminine מְשַׁעְבְּדָא; plural מְשַׁעְבְּדִין, מְשַׁעְבְּדֵי; מְשַׁעְבְּדָן. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 9, 25. Targum Ezekiel 16, 7; and elsewhere—Bava Metzia 73ᵇ לטסקא מש׳, see טַסְקָא. Vayikra Rabbah section 16 אמהן מש׳ maiden forced into servitude, see כָּדַן; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Vattom., p. 133ᵇ חמרין משעבדין (correct accordingly); Echah Rabbah to 4, 15; and frequently—משעבדי (supply (understood word) נכסין) encumbered property, opposite בני חרי, see the preceding Bava Metzia 12ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) 13ᵇ; and frequently Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּעְבֵּד (with (with ל) to be subjected, enslaved, to serve; to be pledged, responsible. Targum 2 Chronicles 33, 13. Targum Genesis 25, 23. the same place (ibid.) 27, 29; and frequently—Bava Kamma 20ᵇ ביתא לעלייה מִשְׁתַּעְבַּד the house (the lower story) is pledged to the upper story, i.e. the owner of the lower story is bound to keep it in a condition to support the upper story. the same place (ibid.) 40ᵇ כי היכא דמִשְׁתַּעְבַּדְנָא לדידך וכ׳ as well as I am obliged to pay thee, I am obliged to pay him. Gittin 49ᵇ משתעבד he is responsible. Bava Bathra 55ᵃ מִשְׁתַּעְבְּדֵי לכרגא, see כַּרְגָּא; and frequently (with ב) to enslave, oppress. Avodah Zarah 2ᵇ הנך אִישְׁתַּעְבְּדוּ בישראל אנן לא שַׁעְבְּדָן בישראל Munich manuscript (edition שִׁעְבַּדְנוּ Hebrew form) these nations have persecuted Israel, we have not etc. Bava Metzia 73ᵇ ומִשְׁתַּעְבְּדֵי בהו וכ׳ Tosafoth (edition ומשעבדי), see כַּרְגָּא. Bava Bathra 55ᵃ משתעבדי, see כרגא; and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁעְבּוּד (the preceding) subjection, servitude, oppression. Berachoth 12ᵇ שיהא ש׳ מלכיות וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition שתהא) that the delivery from servitude to the empires etc., see עִיקָּר. the same place (ibid.) 34ᵇ, and elsewhere ש׳ מלכיות, see מַלְכוּת. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 14 מפני מה … כדי שיצאו … בלא ש׳ why were the wives of the patriarchs barren (for a time)? In order that many (of the four-hundred) years (Genesis 15, 13) might pass without servitude; Bereshith Rabbah section 45. Bereshith Rabbah section 44 אף אני בש׳ shall 1, too, be in slavery?; and frequently ש׳ קרקעות (or ש׳ only) pledge, hypothecary obligation, landed security. Bava Metzia 4ᵇ משום דהוה ליה שטר ש׳ ק׳ … כפירת ש׳ ק׳ because a note of indebtedness implies a hypothecary obligation (that the debtor’s landed property is pledged to the creditor), and no oath is assigned on a disputed hypothecary obligation; Shevuoth 37ᵇ; Kethuboth 87ᵇ. Bava Metzia 14ᵃ שבח שְׁפַר וש׳ וכ׳ the scribe must ask for authorization to insert, in a deed of sale of land, ‘amelioration’, ‘best land’ and ‘pledge’, i.e. that the seller pledges his land, and this the best portions of it, for indemnity to the buyer in case of seizure for the seller’s debt, this indemnity to include the improvements eventually made by the buyer; and frequently ↗ original

שִׁעְבּוּד ² servitude, oppression. Targum 2 Esther 1, 2. Targum 2 Chronicles 12, 8. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 37, 17. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 5, 6; and frequently—plural שִׁעְבּוּדַיָּא, שִׁי׳. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 40, 18. pledge, obligation. [In post-Talmudic literature ש׳ דר׳ נתן the obligation introduced by R. Nathan, whereby the court can collect a debt in favor of the creditor’s debtor; see Bava Kamma 40ᵇ; Kethuboth 19ᵃ; and frequently] ↗ original

שִׁעְבֵּז (see next word), participle passive מְשׁוּעְבָּז one who has abnormally large testicles or an abnormally long scrotum. Bechoroth 7, 5 (44ᵇ) Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (Mishnah edition מאושכן, Talmud edition מאושבן), see אֶשֶׁךְ. ↗ original

שַׁעְבְּזִין (Shaf. of עבז, see אֵבוּז) extremities, testicles, scrotum. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 39, 1. Targum Job 40, 17 שעבזוהי manuscript a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition פחדוי). ↗ original

שָׁעָה 1, see שעי ↗ original

שָׁעָה 2 (Daniel 4, 16; the preceding, see Delitzsch, Prolegomena p. 39 and the following) moment, while; hour, especially the twelfth portion of the day and of the night, varying according to the season. Tosefta Berachoth 1, 1, and elsewhere, see עוֹנָה I. Berachoth 7ᵃ, see רֶגַע. the same place (ibid.) 7ᵇ, and elsewhere הש׳ משחקת, see שָׂחַק. Echah Rabbah to 3, 37 מש׳ שאמר וכ׳ from the moment that the Lord said etc. Berachoth 1, 1 מש׳ שהכהנים וכ׳ from the time of day when the priests go in etc. Pesachim 2, 1 כל ש׳ as long. Kethuboth 104ᵃ בש׳ שהצדיק וכ׳ when a righteous man is called away etc. the same place (ibid.) בשְׁעַת פטירתו וכ׳ when Rabbi died etc. Berachoth 64ᵃ הדוחק את הש׳, see דָּחַק; נדחה מפני הש׳, see דָּחָה. Shabbath 10ᵃ, and elsewhere מניחין … ועוסקין בחיי ש׳ they neglect the life everlasting, and busy themselves with the life of the hour (earthly affairs). Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 3, 67ᵃ (explained יולדתך, Proverbs 23, 25) שַׁעַתְךָ (or שַׁעְתְּךָ) thy hour (of birth). Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 1, and elsewhere בשַׁעְתּוֹ in its due time, see סֵפֶל; Bamidbar Rabbah section 10⁴ בין שעתו. Shemoth Rabbah section 19, and frequently לש׳ קלה, see קַל 2; and very frequently—הוראת ש׳, or ש׳ temporary, special legislation, opposite דורות. Yoma 69ᵇ. Menachoth 19ᵇ דורות מש׳, see דּוֹר. the same place (ibid.) 56ᵃ ש׳ מדורות וכ׳ we cannot derive the modes of a temporary act (e.g. the offerings of the princes, Numbers 7, 12-83) from the laws concerning a permanent institution; and frequently—plural שָׁעוֹת. Berachoth 3ᵃ עד ארבע ש׳ to four hours (the fourth hour of the night). Pesachim 58ᵃ שתי ש׳ ומחצה two hours and a half. Sanhedrin 5, 3 אחד אומר בשתי ש׳ וכ׳ if one witness testifies that the act under consideration was committed at the second hour of the day etc. Kelim 12, 4 אבן הש׳, see אֶבֶן; and very frequently ↗ original

שַׁעֲוָא masculine = next word Targum Psalms 68, 3. the same place (ibid.) 22, 15; and elsewhere, see שַׁעַוְתָּא.—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 37, 25; 43, 11 שַׁעֲוָה (O. שְׁעַף; Hebrew text נכאת). ↗ original

שַׁעֲוָה (שעי = שׁוּעַ) wax. Shabbath 2, 1 ולא בש׳ nor must you use wax in place of oil for the Sabbath light, see קִירוּתָא. Bereshith Rabbah section 44 היה לבו רפה כש׳, see שׁוּעַ I. Bereshith Rabbah section 91, end (explained נכאת, Genesis 43, 11) ש׳ (perhaps a gum, see the preceding). Shemoth Rabbah section 35 כש׳ הנתונה וכ׳ like wax that is put on the writing tablet; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁעוֹלָא = Hebrew שֹׁעַל, hollow of the hand, palm. Targum Isaiah 40, 12.—plural construct state שַׁעֲלֵי. Targum Ezekiel 13, 19. hollow of the sole, step. — plural construct state שְׁעוֹלֵי. Targum I Kings 20, 10. ↗ original

שעועים , see next word ↗ original

שְׁעוּעִית (שעע; compare שַׁעֲוָה) a species of beans, probably kidney-bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris), see פְּסִילְתָּא, a. חֲלוּקָה. Kilayim 1, 1 פול הלבן והש׳ וכ׳ Yerushalmi (prefix) edition a. Munich manuscript (Mishnah a. Babylonian edition שעועים, correct accordingly; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) the white bean and the kidney-bean are not heterogeneous. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 27ᵃ top explained (פתילתה) פסילתא. the same place (ibid.) למה שמה ש׳ שמשעשעת את הלב וכ׳ (some edition שעשועית) why is it called sh’ʿuʿith (pasty)? Because it pastes up (dulls) the heart, and loosens the bowels. ↗ original

שִׁעוּר , see שִׁיעוּר, שִׁיעוּרָא. ↗ original

שְׂעוֹרָה , see סָעַר) panicle, see שַׂעֲרָה. barley, barley-corn.—כש׳ the size of a barley-corn. Kelim 17, 8 כש׳ שאמרו לא וכ׳ where the scholars make the barley-corn the ritual standard measure, neither the large sort is meant nor etc. Shemoth Rabbah section 10, end; Sanhedrin 67ᵇ, see שֵׁד; and frequently—plural שְׂעוֹרִים, שְׂעוֹרִין. Pesachim 2, 5. the same place (ibid.) 35ᵃ מין ש׳ a species of barley, see שִׁיפוֹן. the same place (ibid.) 42ᵇ לא היה יינם … ש׳ the wine of Judæa would not get sour (to be used for vinegar) until they put barley into it. Bava Kamma 60ᵇ גדישין של ש׳ stacks of barley. Peah 6, 7; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 2, 20ᵇ bottom of the page, and elsewhere, see עֲנָבָה; and frequently ↗ original

שְׂעוֹרִים proper noun of a male person, see סְעוֹרִים ↗ original

שְׂעוֹרִין barley, see סְעַרְתָּא. ↗ original

שָׁעוּת (denominative of שָׁעָה) a while, time. Meïl. 6ᵃ, see שָׁהוּת. ↗ original

שַׁעַוְתָּא = Hebrew שַׁעֲוָה, wax. Targum Psalms 22, 15 manuscript (edition שַׁעֲוָא). Targum Micah 1, 4 שָׁעִיתָא.—5. שַׁעֲוָא. ↗ original

שַׁעַז (= שענז) shaʿaz, the first and the last element of שַׁעַטְנֵז, representing the act of carding (שוע), and that of twining or weaving (נוז). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, end, 32ᵈ, see נוּז. ↗ original

שַׁעַט (see the preceding) shaʿaṭ, the first and the middle element of שַׁעַטְנֵז, representing the act of carding (שוע), and that of spinning (טוי). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, end, 32ᵈ ↗ original

שעטנ"ז the seven letters which require crownlets in the Pentateuch scrolls. Menachoth 29ᵇ, see זִיּוּן. ↗ original

שַׁעַטְנֵז (Biblical Hebrew) a web mixed of wool and linen. Kilayim 9, 8, explained as acrostic, דבר שהוא שׄועׄ טׄווי ונׄוזׄ, see נוּז. ↗ original

שַׁעַטְנֵזָא Targum Onkelos Leviticus 19, 19; Deuteronomy 22, 11. ↗ original

שעי (Biblical Hebrew) (compare שָׁאָה, שָׁהָה) to dwell, linger, denominative שָׁעָה. to look, care for, mind. Sifré Deuteronomy 318 (referring to Deuteronomy 32, 17) אל תקרי לא שערום אלא לא שָׁעוּם וכ׳ read not lo s’ʿarum, but lo shaʿum (whom they did not regard); although they sacrificed and burnt incense to them, they were not afraid of them (with referring to Genesis 4, 5); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 945. ↗ original

שְׁעֵי (compare שוע, שעע) to smooth, paste over, daub. Sukkah 51ᵇ; Bava Bathra 4ᵃ סבר למִשְׁעֲיָין בדהבא he (Herod) intended to cover them (the Temple walls) with gold. Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁעֵי same. Targum Psalms 5, 10 מְשַׁעֲיִין. manuscript (edition משעעין).—participle passive מְשָׁעָא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 19, 15 מִשְׁעָא (correct accordingly, or מַשְׁעָא, participle passive Af'el). Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתָּעֵי, Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׁתְּעֵי [to make one’s self pleasant,] to converse, talk; to tell a story. Targum Onkelos Genesis 24, 66. Targum Judges 6, 13. Targum Isaiah 30, 10. Targum Psalms 50, 16; 19; and frequently—Bava Bathra 73ᵃ אִשְׁתָּעוּ לי נחותי וכ׳ (not אשתעי) seafarers told me. the same place (ibid.) 74ᵃ ר׳ יוחנן מִשְׁתָּעֵי וכ׳ R. J. told a story: once upon a time etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 4ᵈ bottom of the page כמה דאי׳ … אִשְׁתָּעְיָיא וכ׳ as the Scripture talks, so does the Mishnah, i.e. the Mishnah applies the Biblical phraseology; and frequently—א׳ דינא בהדי to talk about the law with, to sue. Bava Metzia 14ᵃ דינא … ומשתעי דינא בהדיה the law is that R. may go and sue him. Bechoroth 47ᵇ גברא דלא מצית לאִשְׁתָּעוּיֵי וכ׳ a man with whom thou canst not go to law; and elsewhere ↗ original

שַׁעֲיוּתָא (the preceding) smoothness, see שְׁעִיעוּתָא. ↗ original

שעייא , Tosefta Bava Bathra 4, 5, see שַׁעֲמוּמִית ↗ original

שְׁעִיעַ (שְׁעַע) smooth. Targum Genesis 27, 11. Targum Song of Songs 5, 12; and frequently—plural שְׁעִיעַיָּא, שְׁעִיעִין; שְׁעִיעָן, שְׁעִיעָתָא. Targum I Samuel 17, 40 שְׁעִיעֵי אבניא (Hebrew text חלקי אבנים). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 19, 17. Targum Psalms 12, 3. the same place (ibid.) 35, 16 שעיעתא manuscript (edition שעיעותא); and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁעִיעוּתָא (the preceding) smoothness. Targum Genesis 27, 16. Targum Ezekiel 26, 4; 14 (Hebrew text צחיח). Targum Proverbs 6, 24. Targum Isaiah 57, 6 (some edition שַׁעֲיוּת); and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁעִיף (see שְׁעַף) gum, balm. Targum Ezekiel 27, 17 (Hebrew text צרי). Targum Jeremiah 46, 11; 51, 8 (not שֵׁעִיף). ↗ original

שָׂעִיר goat. Yoma 6, 2 ש׳ המשתלח, see שָׁלַח. the same place (ibid.) 7 פר וש׳ הנשרפין the bullock and the goat designated to be burnt. Zevachim 5, 1; and frequently—plural שְׂעִירִים, שְׂעִירִין. the same place (ibid.) 2. Yoma 6, 1; and frequently demon. Bava Bathra 25ᵃ, see סָעַר 2. Berachoth 64ᵃ ש׳ בש׳ מיחלף goat and demon may interchange (both going by the name of saʿir).— plural as ab. Vayikra Rabbah section 22, see שֵׁד; and elsewhere shower. plural as ab. Sifré Deuteronomy 306 (referring to Deuteronomy 32, 2) מה ש׳ הללו וכ׳ as the showers come down on the plants etc.; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 942, see סָעַר 2. hairy. Bereshith Rabbah section 65. ↗ original

שֵׂעִיר (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun Seir (Idumæa). Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, 64ᵃ top (referring to Isaiah 21, 11) אֵלִי קורא מפני ש׳ my God cries out on account of Seir (Rome, see אֱדוֹם); the same place (ibid.) אלי איכן נזדווג לי מש׳ whence did my God come to join me? From Seir (Deuteronomy 33, 2). Sifré Deuteronomy 343 כשעתיד … ליפרע מש׳ when the Lord shall punish Seir (Rome). Berachoth 62ᵇ עד השתא … לש׳ וגמרת מילי דש׳ thou hast not yet gone to Seir (Rome), and hast already learned the things of Seir (indecent manners); Tamid 27ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original

שְׂעִירַן , see סַעֲרָן ↗ original

שָׁעִיתָא , see שַׁעַוְתָּא ↗ original

שְׁעִיתָא (compare שְׁעוּעִית) a species of beans, probably the Egyptian bean (see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Colocasia). [The definition given Avodah Zarah 38ᵇ is fabulous and obviously founded on confusion with the colocasia bean, which is sown on moist earth and sinks into the water.] Avodah Zarah 38ᵇ Munich manuscript (edition שִׁיעֲתָא), see פְּסִילְיָא. ↗ original

שֹׁעַל (Biblical Hebrew) hollow of the hand, palm, handful. Tanchuma Bereshith 5 (referring to Isaiah 40, 12) מן שָׁעֳלוֹ אתה יודע וכ׳ by the size of his handful canst thou know who he himself is; the same place (ibid.) Ḥayé 3 וכל … בשעלו all the seas and rivers did he measure with his palm; the same place (ibid.) Emor 15 וכל … מלא שעלו וכ׳ all the waters of the world fill the palm of the Lord; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Eth Korb., p. 57ᵇ מלא שׁוֹעֳלוֹ; Tanchuma Pinḥ. 12 מלא שָׁעֳלִי my handful; Bamidbar Rabbah section 21¹⁷; Pesikta Rabbati addit. section 1 כל … לתוך שעלי all the waters of creation did I compress into my palm.—plural שָׁעֲלִים. the same place (ibid.) גבור … פחות מעשרה ש׳ a mighty man … drinks no less than ten handfuls; and elsewhere—2) ש׳ של ים the hollow of the sea, depth. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 15 (referring to Song of Songs the passage cited; see edition Baer et Delitzsch, Friedrich Notae criticae ad loc. (on the passage)) קדמאה מלא … שירדו לשעלו של ים the first shuʿalim is written plene, the second defective, which may be read שָׁעֳלִים; they (the Egyptians) were the foxes that went down to the bottom of the sea; Shemoth Rabbah section 22 על שם שעלו של ים an allusion to the bottom of the sea; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 786 שעלים (read: שעל ים). ↗ original

שַׁעֲלָא , see שְׁעוֹלָא ↗ original

שַׁעַם bamboo (Maimonides, identifying our word with שֶׁגֶם); [other opinion cork-tree, cork]. Kelim 14, 5 shoes for cattle של ש׳ made of shaʿam. Tosefta Kelim Bava Bathra 4, 14; Sukkah 20ᵇ חוצלות של ש׳ וכ׳ mats made of sh., or of reeds etc.; and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁעֲמוּם (שִׁעֲמֵם) dullness, idiocy. Kethuboth 5, 5 הבטלה מביאתה לידי ש׳ idleness may lead her to idiocy; [correct accordingly quoted under the word בַּטָּלָה]. (= בעל ש׳) dull-minded man, idiot. Sotah 24ᵃ and the following; 27ᵃ; Bamidbar Rabbah section 9²⁸ אשת ש׳ the wife of an idiot. ↗ original

שִׁעֲמוּם ² , stupefaction. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 28, 37 (Hebrew text שַׁמָּה). ↗ original

שַׁעֲמוּמִית (the preceding) a dull-minded woman, idiot. Tosefta Kethuboth 7, 10 edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (other edition משוממת), see שָׁמַם. Tosefta Bava Bathra 4, 5 ש׳ היא (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) שעייא, correct accordingly) she (the slave) is an idiot; Bava Metzia 80ᵃ מְשׁוּעֲמֶמֶת. ↗ original

שַׁעֲמוּמִיתָא (the preceding) dullness, idiocy. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 28, 20 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition ערבובא; Hebrew text מהומה); see שַׁעֲמָמוּתָא.—Nedarim 81ᵃ scabs arising from neglected clothes מתיא לידי ש׳ lead to idiocy. ↗ original

שִׁעְמֵם (Shaf. of עָמַם) to make dull, stupefy.—participle passive מְשׁוּעֲמָם; feminine מְשׁוּעֲמֶמֶת. Bava Metzia 80ᵃ, see שַׁעֲמוּמִית. Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִשְׁתַּעֲמֵם to be made dull, be stupefied. Bamidbar Rabbah section 10⁸ יצא כל דעתו נִשְׁתַּעַמְמוּ כל הכליות וכ׳ all his mind is gone (in drunkenness), the kidneys (seat of deliberation) are entirely dulled, and his heart (reason) is disordered etc. ↗ original

שַׁעֲמֵם same. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 14, 24 (some edition שא׳; Hebrew text ויהם).). Targum Hosea 9, 7.— to lay waste. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 26, 31. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּעֲמֵם to be stupefied. Targum Esther 7, 6 (Hebrew text נבעת). Targum Psalms 143, 4 (Hebrew text ישתומם). Targum Jeremiah 4, 9 (Hebrew text יתמהו). ↗ original

שַׁעֲמָמוּתָא (the preceding) stupefaction. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 28, 28 שְׁעַמְמוּת לבא edition Berlin edition (edition Vienna edition שַׁעֲמָ׳; manuscript שַׁעֲמִימ׳; some edition מִשְׁעֲמָמוּת; Yerushalmi (prefix) שִׁיעֲמָמוּת; Hebrew text תמהון). Targum Zechariah 12, 4 שִׁעֲ׳ (Hebrew text שגעון). ↗ original

שָׁעַן שאן, Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 401 to be smooth, be quiet. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׁעַן (compare בטח) to rely on, lean, be supported. Vayikra Rabbah section 36 מה גפן זו נִשְׁעֶנֶת … נִשְׁעָנִין בזכות התורה וכ׳ as the vine is supported by a reed, so Israel relies on the merit of studying the Law which is written with a reed. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 5, 63ᵃ top נשענים בבהמה you may lean against an animal (on the Sabbath or Holy Day, it is not considered work for the animal); מאן דאמר אין נשענין בתש he that says, you dare not lean, has reference to a weak animal; and elsewhere ↗ original

*שְׁעַן (Shaf. of עני, compare Syriac (Peshitta) שעננו = ψάλατε, Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 4255) to shout, sing. Targum Isaiah 55, 12 ישענון בענפיהון (Hebrew text ימחאו כף). ↗ original

שָׁעַע to smooth, paste. Pilp. שִׁעֲשֵׁעַ to smooth, paste over. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 1, 27ᵃ top מְשׁעֲשֶׁעֶת את הלב, see שְׁעוּעִית. to appease, console. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Naḥămu, p. 126ᵇ ומְשַׁעְשְׁעָהּ בזו, see פִּיד; the same place (ibid.) ושִׁיעְשְׁעָהּ במצרים consoled her (Assyria) with Egypt; the same place (ibid.) ושיעשעה באשור (not לאשור); Yalkut Shimoni Job 918; Pesikta Rabbati section 33 ואם הביא עליהם שבר הוא מְשַׁעֲשֵׁעַ וכ׳ when he brings misfortune upon them, he consoles them one with the other. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתַּעֲשֵׁעַ, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִשְׁתַּעְשֵׁעַ to be appeased, enjoy one’s self. Shemoth Rabbah section 5 (referring to ישעו, Exodus 5, 9) שהיו בידן … מִשְׁתַּעְשְׁעִין בהן וכ׳ they had scrolls with them, in reading which they consoled themselves from Sabbath to Sabbath; אל יהו משתעשעין וכ׳ they shall not enjoy themselves, and they shall not rest on the Sabbath; Tanchuma Vaëra 6; and elsewhere to be a pleasure. Tanchuma T’tsavveh 1 (referring to Jeremiah 31, 19) מהו ילד שעשועים … ומִשְׁתַּעְשֵׁעַ לאביו what is ‘a child of delight’? Three or four years old, when it begins to talk and becomes a pleasure to his father. ↗ original

שְׁעַע to smooth, paste over, daub. Targum Ezekiel 13, 10, and the following the same place (ibid.) 12 שַׁעְתּוּן (some edition שַׁעִיתוּן, Pa'el of שְׁעֵי). the same place (ibid.) 22, 28; and elsewhere to make smooth, flatter. Targum Psalms 36, 3. (of skin) to be smooth, bright. Targum Lamentations 4, 7 (Hebrew text צחו). Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁעֵעַ to smooth. Targum Psalms 5, 10 (see שְׁעֵי). Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתָּשַׁע to be pasted, daubed, see שׁוּעַ Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original

שְׁעַף (compare שַׁעֲוָא) a gum used as a spice, tragacanth. Targum Onkelos Genesis 37, 25; 43, 11 (Hebrew text נכאת). ↗ original

שָׁעַר 1 to keep the gate.—5. שׁוֹעֵר. Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁיעֵר same. Arachin 11ᵇ משורר ששי׳ בשל חבירו a Levite chorister that helped in attending to the gate in his neighbor’s stead.—participle מְשׁוֹעֵר; plural מְשׁוֹעֲרִים (formed by analogy to מְשׁוֹרֵר, see שִׁיר I). the same place (ibid.) מש׳ ששורר, see שִׁיר I. the same place (ibid.) ולא מן המש׳ (Sifré Numbers 116; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 752 השׁוֹעֲרִים), see שִׁיר I. ↗ original

שָׁעַר 2 see שַׁעַר) to divide, distribute. [Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 14 שיערו, see below.] Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁיעֵר, שִׁעֵר to apportion, estimate, measure, calculate. Chullin 7, 4 כיצד מְשׁעֲרִין אותה וכ׳ how do we define the proportions of the mixture (to find out whether the forbidden admixture is large enough to impart its taste to the permitted portion)? As if it were an admixture of meat in a vegetable dish. the same place (ibid.) 97ᵇ כשהן משערין משערין וכ׳ when we define the proportions, we include in the calculation the broth etc. the same place (ibid.) כל איסורין … מְשַׁעֲרִינָן וכ׳ in all admixtures of Biblically forbidden matter we assume for calculation that the forbidden matter was onions or porret. the same place (ibid.) שִׁיעֲרוּ חכמים וכ׳ the scholars have calculated that of all forbidden substances none give a stronger taste than onions etc. Vayikra Rabbah section 37 מְשָׁעֵר את … באיטלקית (some edition מְשָׁעֵיר) do you estimate that in all I drank at my meal there would have been a quarter of a Log of Italian (unmixed) wine? Koheleth Rabbah to 5, 8 שיערו אותה, see next word; and frequently—Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 114 (explained סֹלּוּ, Psalms 68, 5) שַׁעֲרוּ לפניו דרכיכם (not שיע׳; edition Buber edition שפרו, a glossator’s emendation) measure your ways before the Lord (compare שׁוּם I). Psikta Zutrathi, ed. Buber Haaz. (edition Buber edition p. 114) (referring to שערום, Deuteronomy 32, 17) לא שִׁיעֲרוּם וכ׳ whom your fathers never appraised, to find out whether or not they are of use; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 545 לא שערום. (see שַׁעַר) to superintend the market, see מְשָׁעֵר. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתַּעֵר to be estimated, measured. ʿUktsin 2, 8 מִשְׁתַּעֲרִין בכמות שהן are measured as they are (not compressed); מִשְׁתַּעֶרֶת בכמות שהיא is measured as it is. ↗ original

שְׁעַר Pa'el שַׁעֵיר same, to measure, calculate. Targum Onkelos Genesis 26, 12 בדשַׁעֲרוּהִי edition Berlin edition (other edition בדשַׁעֲרוֹהִי; Yerushalmi (prefix) בדשַׁעֲרוֹי; Hebrew text שערים).—Chullin 97ᵇ ולִישַׁעֲרִינְהוּ בפלפלין וכ׳ why not use as a standard (for calculation in the case of admixtures of forbidden substances) pepper or spices which are not neutralized in a mass of a thousand times their quantity? the same place (ibid.) בדידיה מְשַׁעֲרִינָן או בדנפיק מיניה משערינן do we calculate the proportions by the actual size of the admixture, or by the quantity that has come out of it (has been absorbed in the dish)? Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᵈ top שַׁעֲרוּנָהּ רבנין וכ׳ the Rabbis made the calculation, and it (the well of Miriam) was exactly opposite the middle gate etc.; Vayikra Rabbah section 22 שערותא (correct accordingly); Koheleth Rabbah to 5, 8 שיערו אותה וכ׳ (Hebr.). ↗ original

שָׂעַר to be rough, denominative שֵׂעָר; to shudder, fear. Sifré Deuteronomy 318 (explained שערום, Deuteronomy 32, 17) שלא עמדה שערת וכ׳ your fathers’ hair did not stand on end before them (see שָׁעַר 2); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 545. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׂעִיר (denominative of שֵׂעָר) to grow hair, be hairy. Chullin 44ᵃ עד מקום שיַשְׂעִיר Munich manuscript a Rashi (edition כדי, correct accordingly) to the place (of the stomach) where it becomes covered with hair. the same place (ibid.) (Chaldaic (Aramaic) diction) תורא דמַשְׂעִיר טפי an ox, which is more hairy (on the stomach). Niddah 25ᵇ עד שישעיר until the embryo has hair. ↗ original

שְׂעַר , Af'el אַשְׂעִיר, see the preceding ↗ original

שֵׂעָר the preceding) hair. Megillah 18ᵃ, and elsewhere מסלסל בשׂעַרְךָ, see סִלְסֵל. Nazir 1, 2 הכביד שַׂעֲרוֹ, see כָּבֵד I. the same place (ibid.) 4ᵇ לשחת ש׳ וכ׳ to ruin such fine hair; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4, 7. Yoma 47ᵃ קלעי שַׂעֲרִי, see קֶלַע 2; and frequently—Transferred crown, ramification of a tree; panicle, stem and pod of leguminous plants. Peah 2, 3, and elsewhere ש׳ כותש, see כָּתַשׁ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 17ᵃ top סֵעָר. Kilayim 4, 9 היה הופך ש׳ שתי וכ׳ he turned the branches of two rows of vines towards one side; Bava Bathra 82ᵇ. Shabbath 21, 3 ש׳ של אפונין וש׳ וכ׳ the panicles (pods) of beans and of lentils. Tosefta ʿUktsin 1, 8 סֵיאָר edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading שיע, read as edition T’bul Yom 3: שיער) the panicle of a pomegranate; and frequently—plural, see שַׂעֲרָה ↗ original

שְׂעַר ² Chaldaic (Aramaic), see שַׂעֲרָא ↗ original

שַׁעַר שער to divide, break open) gate, open place for public and private transactions. Sifré Deuteronomy 242 (referring to Deuteronomy 22, 24 ש׳ שנמצאת בו וכ׳ the gate (of the place) where she was found, and not the gate where she was judged. Kethuboth 45ᵇ (referring to Deuteronomy 17, 5) ש׳ שעבד בו the gate (of the place) where he worshipped the idol. Middoth 1, 3 ש׳ המזרחי the eastern Temple gate; and very frequently—plural שְׁעָרִים, שְׁעָרִין; construct state שַׁעֲרֵי. the same place (ibid.) חמשה ש׳ היו וכ׳ the Temple mount had five gates; שני ש׳ חולדה two ḥuldah gates, see חוּלְדָּה 2. the same place (ibid.) 4; and very frequently market, market price. Bava Metzia 5, 7 שיצא הש׳, see פָּסַק. the same place (ibid.) (72ᵇ) כש׳ הגבוה (Babylonian edition בש׳) according to the price at the height of the market, i.e. the lowest price. the same place (ibid.) 8 כש׳ הזול according to the lowest market price. the same place (ibid.) 1 לקח … וכן הש׳ if he bought wheat of him, at a gold Denar a Kor, and such was the market price. Gittin 57ᵃ נחסר הש׳ מודיא אחת the price went down one Modius, i.e. from forty Modii to thirty-nine for a Denar; וחזר הש׳ למקומו the price went back to its former figure; and frequently—plural as ab. Bava Bathra 89ᵃ לש׳ for the regulation of market prices, see אֲגַרְדְּמִיס; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, end, 15ᵇ שִׁיעוּרִין, a. שִׁיעוּרַיָּיא. ↗ original

שַׁעַר 2 estimation, proportion. — plural שְׁעָרִים. Bereshith Rabbah section 64 (referring to Genesis 26, 12) מאה כורים מאה ש׳ מאה מניינים מאה ש׳ וכ׳ one hundred Kor; one hundred proportions, one hundred quantities; one hundred sh’ʿarim, this shows that they had made an estimate of it (the crop of the field), and it brought a hundred times the estimated quantity; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 111 (correct accordingly); Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 33 וכל דבר … מאה ש׳ של ממון וכ׳ and for every thing that he gave tithes of, the Lord sent him one hundred times the value, and he blessed him. ↗ original

שַׁעֲרָא 1 same, especially percent. , interest. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 22, 24 (Hebrew text נשך). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Leviticus 25, 36, and the following (edition Vienna edition שַׁעַרְיָן, correct accordingly); Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 שִׁעוּרִין. ↗ original

שַׁעֲרָא 2 = Hebrew שַׁעַר I, 2, market price. Ruth Rabbah introduction שַׁעֲרֵיהוֹן דפוריא, see פּוֹרָא. ↗ original

שַׂעֲרָא = Hebrew שׂעָר, hair. Targum Genesis 25, 25, see סְעָר. Targum Leviticus 13, 3; and frequently—Vayikra Rabbah section 15, see שִׁטְפָא; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 554 שַׂעֲרָה. Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 2 (see מוֹרָא I a. מוֹרָה 2) מה הדין סירא … אף הדין ש׳ וכ׳ as the thorn is afraid of nothing but the iron, so is the hair etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 78 (correct accordingly); Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 9, end, 58ᵃ ביזרא … סַעֲרָה; and elsewhere—plural שַׂעֲרָן (fem.). Targum Psalms 69, 5 Levita (edition סַעֲרָן, סַעֲרִין). ↗ original

שַׂעֲרָה the preceding) hair. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 1, 16ᶜ top ש׳ אחת one hair; and elsewhere—plural שׂעֲרוֹת. the same place (ibid.), and frequently שתי ש׳ (not שני) two hairs (symptom of maturity). Vayikra Rabbah section 20 מעולם לא ראו … ש׳ ראשי the beams of my house never saw the hair of my head (see קֶלַע 2); Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 1, 38ᵈ top; and frequently ear, panicle. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 1, 40ᵈ top ש׳ של אורז (edition Krot. שְׂעוֹרָה) the panicles of rice. ↗ original

שְׂעָרֵי barley, see סְעַרְתָּא. ↗ original

שְׁעָרִים Beth-Sh’ʿarim, near Sepphoris (see Neubauer Geographie du Talmud, Paris 1868 p. 200), one of the seats of the Sanhedrin. Rosh Hashanah 31ᵇ. Sanhedrin 32ᵇ אחר רבי לב׳ ש׳ follow up Rabbi to B. Sh. Tosefta Terumoth 7, 14; Tosefta Sukkah 2, 2 (the seat of R. Johanan ben Nuri). Tosefta Parah V (4), 6; and elsewhere ↗ original

שַׂעֲרָן , see סַעֲרָן ↗ original

שַׁעֲשׁוּעַ delight, pleasure. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 6, 11, see שְׂחוֹק; (Pesikta Rabbati section 11 תענוג).—plural שַׁעֲשׁוּעִים. Tanchuma T’tsavveh 1; Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 315 ילד של ש׳ a child of delight, see שָׁעַע.—Transferred (supply (understood word) ילד, ילדי) beloved child or children. Moed Katan 25ᵇ (in a eulogy) ארץ … גידלה שַׁעֲשׁוּעֶיהָ the land of Shinear (Babylonia) conceived and gave birth to, the land of beauty (Palestine) raised her beloved child. ↗ original

שַׁעֲשׁוּעִית , see שְׁעוּעִית ↗ original

שַׁעֲשִׁיעֲתָא = שְׁעִיעוּתָא, smoothness. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 33, 4. ↗ original

שִׁעֲשֵׁעַ , see שָׁעַע, שְׁעַע. ↗ original

שַׁעְתָּא = Hebrew שָׁעָה, while, time; hour. Targum 2 Kings 5, 26 (edition Vilna edition שעה). Targum Exodus 33, 5. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) the same place (ibid.) 23, 5; and frequently—Berachoth 64ᵃ אצטריכא להו ש׳ the time needed them (circumstances required one of them as chief of the college); Bechoroth 31ᵃ, see צְרֵךְ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 2, 61ᶜ top, and elsewhere בשַׁעְתָּהּ in its proper time, see גּוּמְרָא. Berachoth 7ᵃ כי … ש׳ אלטייה when that moment comes, I will curse him; כי … ש׳ ניים when that moment came, he was asleep. the same place (ibid.) כל ש׳ וש׳ at all times. the same place (ibid.) כל ש׳ any other time; בההיא ש׳ but at that special time; Avodah Zarah 4ᵇ. Pesachim 11ᵇ פלגא דש׳ half an hour; and frequently—plural שָׁעַיָּא, שָׁעִין, שָׁעֵי; (שָׁעָתָא). Targum 2 Kings 20, 11. Targum Job 7, 18 (not שָׁעֲתָא); and frequently—Berachoth the passage cited; Avodah Zarah the passage cited בהנך תלת ש׳ וכ׳ during those first three hours (of the day) etc.; and frequently ↗ original

שָׁף , see שׁוּף.—יתיב(ו) שף, see שׁוּף I Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original

שַׁף , see שְׁפַף ↗ original

שָׁפָא , see שפי ↗ original

שָׁפָא ² (שׁוּף 1) [slip, the place from which something slipped,] socket. Makkoth 11ᵇ עאל איבריה לש׳ each limb (bone) of his went into its socket; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 149. ↗ original

שִׁפָּא 1 (see next word) block of hewn stone, see סִפָּא. ↗ original

שִׁפָּא (שְׁפַף) chip, pin. Targum Habakkuk 2, 11 (Hebrew text כפיס). ↗ original

שְׁפָאִים (שָׁפָה 1) same, chips. Avodah Zarah 49ᵇ אותן ש׳ מה וכ׳ what is the law about those chips? the same place (ibid.) שְׁפָאֶיהָ (Munich manuscript שִׁיפּוּיֶיהָ, see שִׁיפּוּי I).—Transferred שְׁפָאֵי עידית (compare בִּיזְלֵי) disconnected strips of a first class field. Gittin 50ᵃ (see Tosafoth ad loc. (on the passage)); [Rashi takes שפאי as verb, frequently שפי = שׁוּף to slip]. ↗ original

שַׁפַּאי , see שַׁפַּיי ↗ original

שָׁפַד to chip, point.—Denom. שְׁפוּד. Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁפֵּד (denominative of שְׁפוּד) to pierce. Sanhedrin 41ᵃ שִׁפְּדוֹ בייחור וכ׳ (or שְׁפָדוֹ) he pierced him with the shoot of a fig tree. ↗ original

שְׁפַד to point.—participle passive שָׁפִיד. Bechoroth 40ᵃ, see פְּרַס I. (denominative of שפודא) to put on the spit, roast. Chullin 111ᵃ and the following חזייה … דקא שָׁפֵיד וכ׳ he saw the son of R. b. A. put a liver on the spit over a piece of meat. Pesachim 74ᵇ שַׁפְדֵּיה בשפודא (or שַׁפְּדֵיה Pa'el) if he put it on the spit (and roasted it). ↗ original

שִׁפָּה , see סִפָּא ↗ original

שָׂפָה see סְפָי) rim, border, binding. Bava Bathra 2, 1 ארבעה מן הש׳ four handbreadths from the rim of the stove. the same place (ibid.) 19ᵃ שְׂפַת מחמצן the border of the wash-pit; and frequently—קמי ש׳, קנה ש׳, see קָמָה. lip; speech. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᶜ top המאדם אודם בש׳ he who reddens his lips (see אָדַם; Naḥmanides reads: בטפה). the same place (ibid.) 14, 14ᵈ top כל שהוא מן הש׳ ולפנים any wound on the lip and further inside (in the mouth, opposite חָלָל 3). Yerushalmi (prefix) Makkoth 2, end, 32ᵃ, and frequently בש׳ רפה with lax lips, with low indistinct speech; and frequently—plural שְׂפָתוֹת, שְׂפָיוֹת (סְפָי); Dual שְׂפָתַיִם. Tosefta Kelim Bava Kamma 6, 15 שְׂפָתָיו, see שָׁפַע. Moed Katan 15ᵃ (explained ועל שפם וכ׳, Leviticus 13, 45) שיהו שִׂפְתוֹתָיו מדובקות וכ׳ his lips should cleave to each other (he must not greet or answer greeting). Koheleth Rabbah to 12, 4 בנות השיר אלו הש׳ ‘the daughters of song’, that means the lips; Vayikra Rabbah section 18 שִׂפְתוֹתָיו. Shabbath 152ᵃ שִׂפְתוֹתֵיהֶן וכ׳, see רָפַט. Avodah Zarah 35ᵃ שִׂפְתוֹתֶיךָ, see חָשַׁק. Kethuboth 61ᵇ את השפתים, see שִׁרְבֵּט; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 5, 30ᵃ bottom of the page השפיות, see שִׁלְבֵּק; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 6, beginning 7ᵇ בין הש׳ between the lips (of the vagina). ↗ original

שָׁפָה verb, see שפי ↗ original

שָׁפָה ² (שָׁפָה 2) overflow, additional measure; see שֶׁפַע. ↗ original

שְׁפוּד (שָׁפַד) spit. Pesachim 7, 1 ש׳ של רימון a spit made of pomegranate wood. the same place (ibid.) 74ᵃ ש׳ של מתכת a metal spit. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 6, 55ᵇ ש׳ אחד של נבילה one spit with forbidden meat. Betzah 28ᵇ; and frequently—[Tosefta Meïl. 1, 25, see שִׁיפּוּי I.]—plural שְׁפוּדִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir the passage cited; and elsewhere ↗ original

שַׁפּוּדָא Pesachim 74ᵇ שפדיה בש׳, see שְׁפַד. the same place (ibid.) תלנהו בש׳ if he suspended them from the spit; and elsewhere—plural שַׁפּוּדַיָּא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 31, 23 (edition Vienna edition שִׁפּ׳).—5. שִׁיפּוּדָא. ↗ original

שִׁפּוּט , see sub שִׁיפּ׳. ↗ original

שָׁפוּי , see שָׁפָה I, 3. ↗ original

שְׁפוּיָיתָא , see שְׁפִיּוּתָא ↗ original

שָׁפוֹךְ (שְׁפַךְ) gutter, slope, spout. Targum Onkelos Numbers 21, 15 שָׁ׳ לנחליא edition Berlin edition (other edition שָׁפוּךְ נחל׳, read: שְׁפוּךְ; manuscript שְׁפוּךְ, שְׁפִיךְ; Hebrew text אשד).—Bava Bathra 3ᵇ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth), see שָׁפְכָא.—5. שִׁפְכוּתָא. ↗ original

שְׁפוֹכָאָה (the preceding) a laborer engaged in pouring wine to fill up vessels.—plural שְׁפוֹכָאֵי. Avodah Zarah 72ᵇ.—[Bava Bathra 3ᵇ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see שָׁפְכָא.] ↗ original

שִׁפּוּל , see sub שִׁיפּ׳. ↗ original

שפופינא , see שְׁפִיפוֹנָא ↗ original

שְׁפוֹפֶרֶת (= שפרפ׳, see שׁוֹפָר) [something round.] tube; ש׳ של ביצה egg-shell. Niddah 21ᵇ Eruvin 43ᵇ, see מְצוֹפוֹת. Vayikra Rabbah section 16, beginning היתה מביאה ש׳ וכ׳ she took an egg-shell and filled it with balsam, see שַׁלְפּוּחִית. Chullin 57ᵇ עשו לה ש׳ של קנה וכ׳ they made for it (the dislocated and detached hip-bone) a tube of reed (to support it), and the hen recovered. Kelim 17, 17 ש׳ הקש a straw tube. Sanhedrin 68ᵃ, and frequently כמכחול בש׳, see מַכְחוֹל; and frequently—ש׳ הנוד or ש׳ the tube (mouth-piece) of the leather bottle. Parah 5, 8. the same place (ibid.) 6, 1; and frequently ↗ original

שִׁפּוּצָא , see שִׁיפּוּצָא ↗ original

שפותה , Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 1, 37ᵃ top, read: שְׁבִיתָה, see שְׁבוּתָה ↗ original

שָׂפַח , see סָפַח ↗ original

שִׁפְחָה see מִשְׁפָּחָה) [attached to the household,] handmaid, slave.—ש׳ חרופה, see חֲרוּפָה.—Sanhedrin 39ᵃ נטלו … לו ש׳ לשמשו they took a rib from him (Adam), and gave him a handmaid to wait on him. the same place (ibid.) 99ᵇ מוטב תהא ש׳ לאומה זו וכ׳ better for her to be a handmaid to this nation than a mistress to any other nation. Kiddushin 3, 12 ולד ש׳ ונכרית the child of a slave or of a gentile woman. the same place (ibid.) 13 ממזר שנשא ש׳ וכ׳ if a bastard married a slave, their child is a slave. the same place (ibid.) 69ᵃ האומר לשִׁפְחָתוֹ וכ׳ if one says to his bondwoman, be thou free, but thy child (with which thou goest) shall be a slave, the child follows her status (is free). the same place (ibid.) ש׳ כנענית a Canaanite slave. Kethuboth 5, 5 הכניסה לו ש׳ אחת וכ׳ if the wife brought him one slave, she need not grind, or bake etc.; and very frequently—plural שְׁפָחוֹת. the same place (ibid.) אפי׳ … מאה ש׳ וכ׳ even if she brought him a hundred slaves, he may force her (his wife) to work in wool etc. Kerithoth 9ᵃ ש׳ חרופות, see חֲרוּפָה. Vayikra Rabbah section 16, and elsewhere ש׳ מכודנות, see כָּדַן. Tanchuma Vayetsé 8 לא תהא … הש׳ should not my sister Rachel be at least like one of the handmaids (Bilhah and Zilpah)? Avoth 2, 7; and frequently ↗ original

שִׁפְחוּת (the preceding) status of a handmaid. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 59ᶜ bottom of the page, see אִישׁוּת; Babylonian Kiddushin 18ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) 19ᵃ; and elsewhere ↗ original

שָׁפַט see פטט, under the word פַּטָּטָא) [to divide; compare גזר,] to decree, decide, judge. Ruth Rabbah to 1, 1 אוי לדור שׁשָׁפְטוּ … צריכין להִשָּׁפט woe to the generation that judge (criticise) their judges, and woe to the generation whose judges need to be judged; Bava Bathra 15ᵇ (referring to Ruth the passage cited) דור שׁשׁוֹפֵט וכ׳ it was a generation that judged its judges etc., see קִיסָּם. Sotah 10ᵃ זכור לי … שׁשָׁפַטְתִּי וכ׳ remember unto me the twenty (-two) years that I judged Israel, and never did I say to them, carry a stick for me from one place to another; and frequently—5. שׁוֹפֵט. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׁפַּט to be judged, criticised. Ruth Rabbah the passage cited, see above. ↗ original

שֶׁפֶט , plural שְׁפָטִים(Biblical Hebrew; the preceding) judgments, punishments. Mechilta Beshallach, Shir., section 8 נעשו ש׳ בע"ז judgment was executed on the idols; and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁפְטָא (שפט; see פַּטָּטָא, פַּיּוֹטוֹת)childish. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 32, 6 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition טפשא; Hebrew text נבל). ↗ original

שֻׁפְטָנָא , see שׁוּפְטָנָא ↗ original

שפי to crush. —participle pass. שָׁפוּי, plural שְׁפוּיִין crushed, humble, contrite (= Biblical Hebrew דַּכָּא). Tosefta Chagigah 2, 9 עניו וש׳ humble and contrite; Tosefta Sanhedrin 7, 1 וש׳ (only); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 19ᶜ. Bereshith Rabbah section 60 דווין וש׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition ושפופין) broken down and crushed (poor); and elsewhere to rub, smooth, plane. —participle pass. as ab. a) smooth. Koheleth Rabbah to 12, 14 two paths אחד ש׳ ואחד מלא וכ׳ one smooth, and the other full of thorns and pebbles.—Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 62 בור ש׳ (Sanhedrin 109ᵃ שָׁאפֵי; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) שפת, correct accordingly) a smooth (blank, empty) pit, see בּוֹרְסִיף.—b) (compare חָלָק) unimpaired, unscathed. Bereshith Rabbah section 45, see רָתַק. Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁפָּה, שִׁי׳ to plane, saw, trim. Chullin 125ᵃ קולית שש׳ וכ׳ a thigh-bone which one sawed through lengthwise. Avodah Zarah 42ᵃ ישראל שש׳ ע"ז וכ׳ if an Israelite chipped off an idol whether for his own purpose (to use the wood) or for its sake (to improve its appearance). the same place (ibid.) 49ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 5, 47ᵃ bottom of the page גזלו ושִׁיפָּהוּ if he took a block by force and planed it. Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 3, 1 שפת הימנה וכ׳ (read: שפה) if he filed off a part of it and made of it etc.; and elsewhere—participle passive מְשׁוּפֶּה; plural מְשׁוּפִּים, מְשׁוּפִּין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin the passage cited גזלו מש׳ if he took it planed. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 1, 52ᶜ top במש׳ לכלים (not בכלים) when the boards are planed preparatory to making them into utensils; and elsewhere to smooth, polish, Kelim 14, 5 משׁיְשַׁפֶּנּוּ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh); Nedarim 56ᵇ משׁיְשַׁפֵּם, see שׁוּף 2.—Transferred to pacify, give satisfaction. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 5, 10ᵇ המבטל … חייב לשַׁפּוֹת לו if a tenant or an agent neglects his neighbor’s field, he must indemnify him; the same place (ibid.) 9, beginning 12ᵃ to leave smooth places, (compare חָלַק Hif'il) to plant wide apart. Yerushalmi (prefix) Orlah 1, beginning 60ᶜ לקורות במְשַׁפֶּה (or במַשְׁפֶּה Hif'il) when he plants the trees wide apart, it is an indication that he wants to raise them for beams, opposite רָצַף. Bava Bathra 5, 4 הגדילו לא יְשַׁפֶּה (or יַשְׁפֶּה) if they (the trees bought in a person’s field) grew large, he (the owner of the field) has no right to smooth the field (cut the trees down). the same place (ibid.) הגדילו ישפה when they are grown large, he (the owner of the trees) may cut them (in order to use the ground they occupy); and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁפֵי to crush, rub, grind. Targum Psalms 56, 2 (Hebrew text שאף). the same place (ibid.) 3.—participle passive שָׁפֵי; feminine שַׁפְיָא; plural שַׁפְיָין, שַׁפְיָן. the same place (ibid.) 51, 19 (Hebrew text נדכה). Targum Job 33, 21. to plane, smooth, paste over. Yevamoth 75ᵇ שַׁפְיֵיה וכ׳ he trimmed it (cut off the protuberances) like a writing reed. Shabbath 98ᵇ, see טָרִיז (see שְׁפֵי 2). Bava Kamma 98ᵃ Munich manuscript, see שׁוּף 2 Chaldaic (Aramaic) Sanhedrin 109ᵇ שַׁפְיוּהָ דובשא וכ׳ they smeared her body with honey, and placed her on the roof etc.; and elsewhere—participle pass. as ab, smooth, level. Targum Proverbs 15, 19. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 31, 2; 5 (friendly).—Sanhedrin 109ᵃ בור שָׁאפֵי, see the preceding Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁפֵּי to crush. Targum Esther 1, 10. Targum Psalms 51, 10 דשַׁפְּיֵיתָא manuscript (edition Lagarde edition דשיפייתא, correct accordingly; edition Vilna edition דשָׁפִיתָא Pe.; Hebrew text דכית). the same place (ibid.) 89, 11; and elsewhere to plane, trim.—participle passive מְשַׁפִּי; feminine מְשַׁפְּיָא; plural מְשַׁפְּיָין, מְשַׁפְּיָן. Bava Bathra 3ᵃ אבני דלא משפיין Munich manuscript (edition משפיא, correct accordingly), see גְּוִיל. ↗ original

שפי ² (seeשָׁפַע) to incline, see שִׁיפּוּי 2. to tilt, pour out slowly (so as to leave the sediment behind). Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 18, 12 כדקים … שׁוֹפִין אלו באלו edition Buber edition (other edition שופכין) as the small bowels of an animal that pour their contents from one to the other. Esther Rabbah to 2, 3; and elsewhere—Esp. to sell wine. Bava Metzia 60ᵃ השׁוֹפֶה יין לחמרים Manuscript Hamburg (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 10; edition לחבירו; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) לשמרים, correct accordingly) if one sells wine to ass-drivers (caravan at an inn); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 27 היה שׁוֹפֵא וכ׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading שופה); and elsewhere Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁיפָּה to make slanting, whittle to a point.—participle passive מְשׁוּפֶּה; feminine מְשׁוּפָּה; plural מְשׁוּפִּים, מְשׁוּפִּין; מְשׁוּפּוֹת. Kethuboth 5ᵇ מש׳ כיתדות (the fingers) pointed like pegs. ↗ original

שְׁפֵי ² to incline, make slanting. Shabbath 98ᵇ דשָׁפֵי להו כי טורין they made the boards slanting like mountain sides (bringing to a point; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) טָרִיז which see); Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 370. to pour out slowly. Chullin 67ᵃ לא לִשְׁפֵּי וכ׳, see צִיבְּתָא. Bava Kamma 115ᵇ אפשר … וש׳ ליה (not דש׳) one may put something (a piece of cloth etc.) over the mouth of a jug, and pour (strain) the liquid through. Shabbath 139ᵇ שָׁפוּ שיכרא וכ׳ Rashi (edition שָׁאפוּ) they poured beer slowly from vessel to vessel (leaving the dregs behind); and elsewhere—Kiddushin 71ᵇ שָׁפֵי חלא vinegar dealer, see שָׁפֵיחָלָא.—Transferred to let the blood flow after bloodletting. Shabbath 129ᵃ דלמא ש׳ ליה וכ׳ perhaps the surgeon may bleed him too long etc. ↗ original

שפי ³ (seeשָׁפָה I) [to be smooth,] to be quiet, at ease; to be relieved. Niddah 4, 4 ושָׁפְתָה מעת לעת and was relieved for a full day, opposite קשתה, see קָשָׁה. the same place (ibid.) שפתה מן הצער וכ׳ she was relieved from pain, but not from the flux of blood; and elsewhere—participle pass. שָׁפוּי quiet, sane. Arachin 17ᵇ, and the following ש׳ ונשתטה if he was sane and became mad; Bava Bathra 128ᵃ.—5. שׁוֹפִי 2. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתַּפֶּה, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִשְׁתַּפֶּה (of a delirious person) to become quiet, conscious, sane. Bava Kamma 4, 4 נש׳ השוטה if the madman became sane again; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4, 4. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 1, 40ᵇ bottom of the page לכשׁיִשְׁתַּפֶּה when he is sane again (we may write a letter of divorce at his order); Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 7, beginning 48ᶜ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 1, 25ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁפֵי ³ , to be quiet, at ease.—5. שֶׁפִי. Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁפֵּי to quiet, pacify, satisfy. Gittin 73ᵃ זיל שַׁפֵּי ליה go and pacify (settle with) him. Bava Metzia 15ᵃ ואֲשׁפֵּי וכ׳ (Manuscript Hamburg a. R. ואֵישַׁפֵּי), see מְרַק.—participle passive מְשַׁפֵּי; plural מְשַׁפָּן. the same place (ibid.) 70ᵃ דמש׳ ניכסיה (not דמשפו) one whose property is at peace (undisputed by any claimants). ↗ original

שֶׁפִי (the preceding) quiet, ease. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 23, 3; Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 22, 8 בלב ש׳ with an easy heart. ↗ original

שִׁפְיוּת , see שִׁיפְיוּת ↗ original

שְׁפִיּוּתָא (the preceding) compromise, peace. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 3, 15 (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 שְׁפוּיָיתָא). ↗ original

שָׁפֵיחָלָא , בֵּי שָׁ׳ the family of Shafekala (vinegar dealer). Kiddushin 71ᵇ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition בי בר שפי חלא, see שְׁפֵי 2). ↗ original

שְׁפִיטָה (שָׁפַט) judging, judgeship. Sanhedrin 3ᵇ (referring to Numbers 35, 24 and the following) משעת שְׁפִיטַת העדה from the time that the assembly meets for judging (from the beginning of the legal proceedings, the court consists of twenty-three). Bamidbar Rabbah section 14⁹ על שפיטת שמשון the verse (Genesis 49, 16) refers to Samson’s judgeship. ↗ original

שַׁפַּיי (שְׁפֵי 2) wine merchant. — plural שַׁפָּיִין, שַׁפָּאִין, שַׁפָּיֵיא. Vayikra Rabbah section 12 עברון ש׳ בתרע וכ׳ wine merchants passed the gate of the cemetery; Esther Rabbah to 2, 1 (ר׳ עזריה) ש׳ שנאון (strike out שנאון, a corrupt dittogr. of שפאין); Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 960. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 5, 24ᵈ ברם באילין ש׳ וכ׳ but as to wine dealers, they are used to empty from vessel to vessel. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 7, 50ᶜ bottom of the page, see חֲכַם. ↗ original

שְׁפֵיךְ , see שְׁפַךְ ↗ original

שְׁפִיךְ , see שָׁפוֹךְ ↗ original

שְׁפִיכָא , plural שְׁפִיכֵי, see שָׁפְכָא. ↗ original

שְׁפִיכָה (שָׁפַךְ) pouring out. T’bul Yom 4, 7, see שֶׁבֶר I. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 1, end, 28ᵇ (referring to Deuteronomy 12, 24) לא … אלא בש׳ I have allowed thee no other use of its blood than pouring it out (but you must not bleed a consecrated animal). Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 5, 43ᵃ top (referring to Leviticus 4, 7) לרבות … לש׳ this includes the blood of the bullock for the Day of Atonement, that it must be poured out (at the bottom of the altar); and frequently—plural שְׁפִיכוֹת. Echah Rabbah to 4, 11 ארבע ש׳ לטובה וכ׳ four times is pouring out mentioned for good, and four times for evil. ↗ original

שְׁפִיכוּת same. Makhshirin 2, 3 מי ש׳ water that is poured out, dirty water, opposite מי גשמים rain water.—Esp. ש׳ דמים shedding of blood. Arachin 15ᵇ כל המספר … וש׳ ד׳ he that talks slander commits great sins to be compared to the three great crimes: idolatry, incest, and bloodshed. Sanhedrin 57ᵇ (referring to Genesis 9, 6) איזהו ש׳ ד׳ של אדם שהוא בגופו וכ׳ what way of killing is a shedding of blood within a man’s body? It is strangulation. the same place (ibid.) 74ᵃ כל … חוץ … וש׳ ד׳ regarding all sins … one may transgress in order to escape death, except idolatry, incest, and murder; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁפִיכוּתָא Chaldaic (Aramaic), construct state שְׁפִיכוּת, same. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Leviticus 1, 16. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 3, 17 ש׳ קיטמא (read מיא), see שִׁפְכוּתָא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 28, 20 (not שְׁפִיכוֹת).—Bava Bathra 25ᵇ בש׳ when the rain comes pouring, opposite בניחותא gently. ↗ original

שְׁפֵילָה , see sub שְׁפֵל׳. ↗ original

שְׁפִיפוֹן [sliding,] a species of serpents, adder (?). Bamidbar Rabbah section 14⁹ כנגד … נחש וש׳ corresponding to the two things to which his (Dan’s) father compared him, serpent and sh’fifon. Sotah 10ᵃ בלעם … שנאמר ש׳ וכ׳ Balaam was lame in one foot, for we read (Numbers 23, 3), and he went shefi; Samson was lame in both feet, for it says (Genesis 49, 17) sh’fifon (sliding) on the road. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, 45ᵈ bottom of the page מין קטן הוא ושמו ש׳ it is a small kind of serpent, its name is sh’fifon, and it is as thin as a hair. ↗ original

שְׁפִיפוֹנָא Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, 45ᵈ top אשכחון ש׳ … לשערה וכ׳ (not שפופי׳) they found a serpent as thin as a hair wound around etc., see the preceding ↗ original

שַׁפֵּיץ , see שְׁפַץ ↗ original

שְׂפֵיק , see שְׂפֵק ↗ original

שְׁפִיר (שפר; compare שׁוֹפָר 2, a. שְׁפוֹפֶרֶת) membraneous bag, sac of a fœtus; in gen. fœtus. Niddah 3, 3 המפלת ש׳ מלא וכ׳ if a woman discharges a sac full of water etc. Vayikra Rabbah section 14; Yerushalmi (prefix) Niddah 3, 50ᵈ top (referring to Job 38, 9) לבושו זה הש׳ וכ׳ ‘its garment’ means the sac, ‘its swaddling band’, the placenta. the same place (ibid.) ש׳ מרוקם a fœtus having an articulated shape, see רָשׁוֹן; Babylonian Niddah 25ᵃ ש׳ שאינו מרוקם a shapeless fœtus. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 7, 56ᵇ I have seen עגל כאפון בש׳ the embryo of a calf, of the size of a bean, in a bag; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁפִיר ² Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 28, 57.—Niddah 25ᵇ ההוא ש׳ דאתאי וכ׳ a fœtus was brought before Mar Samuel, and he said, this is forty-one days old; and elsewhere ↗ original

שַׁפִּיר (שְׁפַר) handsome, pleasing; good; cheerful. Targum I Samuel 16, 12. Targum Onkelos Genesis 47, 6, (see שֶׁפֶר Chaldaic (Aramaic)); and frequently—Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 16, 6 (in Hebr. dict.) על … נעשה לי ש׳ because I was content with my portion, it became beautiful to me; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 667 (correct accordingly).—Kiddushin 31ᵇ בעינא גברא דש׳ כותך I want a man as handsome as thou art; and frequently—plural שַׁפִּירִין, שַׁפִּירַיָּא, שַׁפִּירֵי. Targum Deuteronomy 8, 12. Targum 2 Chronicles 7, 10; and frequently—Bava Metzia 84ᵃ אנא … מש׳ ירושלם I am one of the survivors of the handsome men of Jerusalem. the same place (ibid.) בני ש׳ כוותי children as good-looking as I am; and frequently—Fem. שׁפִּירָא, שַׁפִּירְתָּא, שַׁפִּרְ׳. Targum Genesis 12, 14. the same place (ibid.) 11. Targum Onkelos Numbers 12, 1; and frequently—Bava Metzia the passage cited דש׳ מינאי who is handsomer than I am; and elsewhere—plural שַׁפִּירָן, שַׁפִּירָתָא. Targum Genesis 6, 2. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) the same place (ibid.) 1. Targum Job 42, 15; and elsewhere (adverb) right, well. Bava Metzia the passage cited אטו … דש׳ קאמינא do I not know that what I say is right? Yoma 29ᵇ מאן קא מותיב ש׳ קא מותיב he who asked that question has asked well. Yevamoth 94ᵇ והאי ש׳ נסיב and he married rightly (legally); והא ש׳ נסיב and he married this one lawfully; and frequently—ש׳ דמי, see דְּמֵי I. ↗ original

שְׁפִירָא , see שְׁפִיר Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original

שַׁפִּירוּתָא (preceding article) goodness; (with לבא) cheerfulness. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 28, 47 (Yerushalmi (prefix) שְׁפִירוּת; edition Lsb. קשיטות). ↗ original

שַׁפִּירְתָּא , see שַׁפִּיר ↗ original

שְׁפִיתָה (שָׁפַת) placing over or by the fire. Kelim 8, 8 מכנגד שְׁפִיתַת הקדרה ולפנים from the place where the pot is placed and inside (towards the fire). the same place (ibid.) 9 כור שיש בו בית ש׳ a smelting pot which has a bottom or foot whereon it can rest (Mishnah edition בור וכ׳ a hole in the ground with an arrangement for putting a pot over fire); and elsewhere ↗ original

שָׁפַךְ Shaf. of הפך) [to invert,] to pour; to empty. Echah Rabbah to 4, 11 מזמר אני שהפך חופתו … ולא ש׳ חמתו וכ׳ I sing, because he (the king) has upset his son’s bridal chamber, but has not poured out his anger over his son; שש׳ הקב"ה … ולא ש׳ because the Lord has poured his anger over wood and stone, and did not pour it out over Israel. Yevamoth 75ᵇ (referring to Deuteronomy 23, 2) מי שע"י כריתה שׁוֹפֵךְ he who pours (semen, instead of shooting forth, מקלח) in consequence of cutting. Sukkah 2, 9, see קִיתוֹן. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 12, end, 13ᵈ וכתב לא השופך ‘and he writes’ (Deuteronomy 24, 3), but not ‘he pours’ (a chemical fluid over a sympathetic writing to make it legible); the same place (ibid.) שופך דיו וכ׳ he pours ink in which there is no gall-nut, and this catches (settles on) the written letters; Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 2, 44ᵇ top שָׁפֵיךְ (Chaldaic (Aramaic)); and frequently—ש׳ דמים to shed blood. Bereshith Rabbah section 34. Bava Metzia 58ᵇ, see לָבַן 2; and frequently—[Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 22, 16 שופכין, read: שׁוֹפְתִין, see שָׁפַת.] Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׁפַּךְ to be poured out, emptied. Chullin 47ᵇ ריאה שׁנִשְׁפְּכָה כקיתון a lung which (by tearing the membrane) is emptied like a ladle. Sotah 42ᵇ (play on שופך, see שׁוֹבַךְ) שכל הרואה אותו נ׳ לפניו וכ׳ whoever saw him, was poured out before him like a ladle (his courage failed him, compare מָסַס). Pesachim 22ᵇ דם שנ׳ כמים וכ׳ blood that is poured out like water makes susceptible of uncleanness. the same place (ibid.) 22ᵃ כמים הנִשְׁפָּכִין like water that is poured out (ordinary water), opposite המתנסכין used for libation. the same place (ibid.) 20ᵇ תִּשָּׁפֵךְ חבל, see חֲבַל 2. Zevachim 8, 7, and the following יִשָּׁפֵךְ לאמה shall be poured into the sewer; and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁפֵּךְ to make slanting. participle passive מְשׁוּפָּךְ. Yoma 68ᵇ (referring to שפך, Leviticus 4, 12) שיהא מקומו מש׳ the place for the ashes must be sloping; Sifra Vayikra, Hob., Parah 3, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 5; Zevachim 106ᵃ ↗ original

שְׁפַךְ Targum Ezekiel 24, 7. the same place (ibid.) 22, 6. Targum Zechariah 12, 10; and frequently—Avodah Zarah 72ᵇ אמר … כי שַׁפְכִיתוּ וכ׳ R. said to the laborers engaged in filling, when you pour wine (from vessel to vessel) let no gentile come near to help you etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 20, end, 17ᵈ שְׁפוֹךְ, see צְנִינִים; and frequently Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּפֵּיךְ, Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׁתְּפֵיךְ to be poured out. Targum I Kings 13, 3. Targum Psalms 79, 10; and frequently—Bava Metzia 26ᵃ אִשְׁתַּפּוּבֵי אִישְׁתַּפּוּךְ the things in the wall were washed down; and elsewhere ↗ original

שָׁפְכָא (the preceding) spout, gutter. — plural שָׁפְכֵי. Bava Bathra 3ᵇ he did not remove his bed from the building עד דתקין ליה ש׳ Munich manuscript (edition עד דמתקן … שְׁפִיכֵי) until he provided its spouts (until it was entirely finished; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) שְׁפוֹכָא, other edition שְׁפוֹכָאֵי). the same place (ibid.) 6ᵃ, see נְטַף. ↗ original

שָׁפְכָה the preceding) urinary canal; כרות ש׳ one whose canal is mutilated. Yevamoth 8, 2, see כָּרַת. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 9ᵇ top of the page Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 75ᵇ ש׳ כתיב במקום ששופך it says shofkhah (Deuteronomy 23, 2) in the place where one pours out (discharges fluid); and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁפְכוֹנִי (the preceding) [pourer,] name of a species of olives, rich olive. Peah 7, 1 (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition שפכני; Munich manuscript שסמני, correct accordingly), explained Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 20ᵃ top ש׳ שהוא עושה שמן הרבה chifkhoni, which yields much oil. ↗ original

שִׁפְכוּתָא (the preceding words) gutter, slope. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 21, 15 (see שָׁפוֹךְ). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 3, 17 (edition Vienna edition שַׁ׳). ↗ original

שִׁפְכֹנִי , see שִׁפְכוֹנִי ↗ original

שָׁפֵל 1 to be low. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁפִּיל to lower, humble. Eruvin 13ᵇ המַשְׁפִּיל עצמו; הקב"ה מַשְׁפִּילוֹ, see גָּבַהּ; Nedarim 55ᵃ. Pesikta Rabbati section 10 (referring to Isaiah 2, 9) אימתי שחו ונִשְׁפָּלוּ … הִשְׁפִּילָם הקב"ה when did they sink and were lowered? When they committed that deed (worshipped the golden calf), the Lord lowered them. Arachin 15ᵇ יַשְׁפִּיל דעתו let him humble his mind (think of his shortcomings). Moed Katan 16ᵇ (play on תׄחׄכׄמׄנׄיׄ, 2 Samuel 23, 8) הואיל והִשְׁפַּלְתָּ עצמך תׄהׄא כׄמׄוׄנׄיׄ because thou didst lower thyself, thou shalt be like myself; and frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׁפַּל to be lowered. Pesikta Rabbati the passage cited, see above. Hof. הֻפְעַל הוּשְׁפַּל, הָשְׁפַּל same. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Ki Thissa, p. 11ᵇ (referring to Isaiah 2, 9) יודע … והָשְׁפַּלְתִּי אני והם וכ׳ I know that Israel bowed to the golden calf, and I and they have been lowered, but wilt thou not raise (forgive) them?; Tanchuma Ki Thissa 4 והשפלתי אותי and I myself have been lowered; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 260 והוּשְׁפַּלְתִּי. Tanchuma the passage cited 5 (referring to Psalms 75, 8) בלשון זה הו׳ וכ׳ for the word zeh (Exodus 32, 24) was he (Aaron) lowered, see גָּבַהּ; בלשון זה הוּשְׁפָּלוּ וכ׳ through zeh (the same place (ibid.) 23) were they lowered, and with zeh (the same place (ibid.) 30, 13) have they been raised; Vayikra Rabbah section 8; and frequently Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתַּפֵּל, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִשְׁתַּפֵּל [to let one’s self drop,] to be humble, gentle. Vayikra Rabbah section 19 (referring to שפלות ידים, Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 10, 18) ע"י שנִשְׁתַּפְּלוּ ישראל מלחנות וכ׳ because the Israelites were too gentle to encamp (before Sinai) in discord etc. to be lazy, indolent. the same place (ibid.) ע"י … מִשְׁתַּפֵּל מלקנח וכ׳ (not לקנח) because that man is too careless to wipe his body properly, he gets scabs. the same place (ibid.) ע"י … מִשְׁתַּפֶּלֶת וכ׳ because that woman is too indolent to examine her body properly etc.; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁפַל , to fall down, go down. Bava Kamma 92ᵇ; Megillah 14ᵇ (proverb) שפיל ואזיל בר אווזא וכ׳ the duck bends its head down in walking, and its eyes look all around (it follows two pursuits at the same time, see פִּלְכָא). Sanhedrin 7ᵃ ודיקולא שָׁפֵיל, see דִּיקוּלָא. Berachoth 10ᵃ שְׁפִיל לסיפיה דקרא go to the end of the verse (in order to understand the whole of it); and frequently Af'el הִפְעִיל אַשְׁפֵּל to lower. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Leviticus 10, 20. Targum Proverbs 25, 7. the same place (ibid.) 29, 23; and frequently to carry down, carry along. Yevamoth 121ᵃ גלי אַשְׁפְּלוּ the waves may have carried (and landed him). Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּפֵּל to humble one’s self. Targum I Samuel 2, 36. ↗ original

שָׁפָל the preceding) low, humble. Bamidbar Rabbah section 4²⁰ ואל … ש׳ בעיני וכ׳ say not that I was low in the eyes of others, and was not despised in my own eyes. Taanith 16ᵃ; Sanhedrin 88ᵇ, and elsewhere שְׁפַל ברך low of knee, polite. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 19ᶜ נפש ש׳ a humble soul, humility; Avoth 5, 19 נפש ש׳ contented, opposite רחבה. the same place (ibid.) 4, 10 הוי שְׁ׳ רוח בפני וכ׳ be humble before every man. Sanhedrin 43ᵇ מי שדעתו ש׳ מעלה וכ׳ to him whose mind is lowly the Lord accounts it as if he had offered all kinds of sacrifices. Sotah 5ᵃ ואין … את הש׳, see גָּבוֹהַּ. the same place (ibid.) אבל … ורואה את הש׳ but not so the Lord, he is high and looks at the low; and frequently—plural שְׁפָלִים, שְׁפָלִין; שְׁפָלוֹת. the same place (ibid.) 47ᵇ, see גָּבַהּ; and elsewhere (see שָׁפֵל, Hithpa'el) [letting the hands sink,] indolent, negligent, opposite זָרִיז. Tosefta Yevamoth 4, 8; Pesachim 50ᵇ יש ש׳ וכ׳ sometimes one is lazy and profits, and sometimes one is lazy and loses.—plural as ab. the same place (ibid.) 89ᵃ; Nedarim 36ᵃ; Gittin 25ᵃ ↗ original

שְׁפַל 2 , lowly. Targum Proverbs 16, 19. ↗ original

שָׁפֵל 2 (or שׁפֶל) masculine, see next word ↗ original

שְׁפֵלָה the preceding words) lowland. Shevi'ith 9, 2 וביהודה ההר הש׳ וכ׳ in Judæa, (the three districts are) the highland, the lowland, and the valley; ושְׁפֵלַת לוד כשפלת הדרום and the lowland of Lydda is (with reference to Sabbatical year laws) like the lowland of Darom (South). Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 7, 10; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 9, 38ᵈ bottom of the page שָׁפֵל ושְׁפֵלָתוֹ (not שפלה), see עֵמֶק. the same place (ibid.) מאמאוס עד לוד ש׳ from Emmaus to Lydda is the plain (of Judæa). the same place (ibid.) לש׳ וכ׳ (סימן) the presence of sycamores indicates lowland; Pesachim 53ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁפָלָה , see שָׁפָל ↗ original

שִׁפְלוּת (the preceding words) (b. Hebrew) ידים lassitude, see שָׁפֵל I. 1. humility, humiliation. Bamidbar Rabbah section 4²⁰ אם לפני … צריך אדם לנהוג ש׳ בעצמו וכ׳ if a man must conduct himself humbly before a king of flesh and blood, how much more must he do so before the Lord? the same place (ibid.) end היה נוהג בש׳ וכ׳ he lived humbly before the Lord. Sotah 48ᵃ bottom of the page (referring to Isaiah 5, 15) שגורמין ש׳ לשונאיו של הקב"ה (not לשונאי) they cause humiliation to the enemies of the Lord (euphem. for: to God); ש׳ של ישראל the humiliation of Israel; and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁפְלוּתָא , lassitude. Targum Jeremiah 49, 24 (Hebrew text רטט). ↗ original

שְׁפֶלְתָּא feminine = Hebrew שְׁפֵלָה. Targum Deuteronomy 1, 7. Targum Jeremiah 32, 44; and frequently ↗ original

שָׂפָם see שָׂפָה) upper lip. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 7 על שְׂפָמוֹ, see עָטָה. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 17, end היה שפמו מכוסה וכ׳ if his upper lip was covered, they knew that he was a mourner; לא היה שפמו וכ׳ if his upper lip was not covered, they knew that he was excommunicated; and elsewhere ↗ original

שָׂפָם ² same. Targum Leviticus 13, 45 (O. edition Berlin edition סְ׳). Targum 2 Samuel 19, 25 שִׂיפְמֵיה edition Lagarde edition (other edition סִ׳). Targum Ezekiel 24, 17; 22. Targum Micah 3, 7.—plural שִׁפְמֵי, שִׂי׳, סִ׳. Shabbath 129ᵇ מאה ש׳ (Oxford manuscript וש׳ only; Munich manuscript מאה ס׳), see קַרְנָא I. the same place (ibid.) האידנא יומא דש׳ הוא to-day is a day of lip-shaving, i.e. a day spent without profit. border. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Exodus 28, 32 (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 ספווא).—[Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 30, 13 שפמהא, read: שִׂפְתָהָא.] ↗ original

שפן , a word in an incantation against thirst. Pesachim 112ᵃ ↗ original

שָׁפָן cony, (rock-badger). Midrash Proverbs to 30, 26 זה מדי כשם שהש׳ יש בו וכ׳ ‘the conies etc.’, this refers to Media, as the cony has the symptoms of cleanness (being a ruminant) and also those of uncleanness etc.; Vayikra Rabbah section 13; Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 964. ↗ original

שַׁפְנִינָא (compare the preceding) turtle-dove. Targum Leviticus 12, 6. Targum Genesis 15, 9 (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 שׁוֹפְנִין). Targum Psalms 84, 4 (Hebrew text דרור); and elsewhere—Pesikta d'Rav Kahana ʿĂniya, p. 137ᵃ, see צוֹצְלָא.—plural שַׁפְנִינִין, שַׁפְנִינַיָּא. Targum Leviticus 5, 7. the same place (ibid.) 14, 30; and elsewhere ↗ original

שָׁפַע (compare שָׁפָה 2) to be smooth. Bereshith Rabbah section 14 קורה שׁוֹפַעַת a smooth-trimmed trunk (of a palm-tree, see שִׁפְעָה I). to incline, slide. Nega'im 10, 10 השׁוֹפֵעַ וכ׳, see גַּבַּחַת; Sifra Thazr. Parah 5, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 10. Tosefta Kelim Bava Kamma 6, 15 תנור ששפתיו שׁוֹפְעוֹת לתוכו (not ששפתות) a stove the rims of which incline towards the inside; שפתיו שופעות לאחוריו if its rims incline towards its outer walls. Oholoth 7, 2 אהל שהוא שופע וכ׳ a tent the top of which goes slanting down, so that the flat roof is only of the size of a finger; and elsewhere to pour out, run, discharge. Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 554 כל זמן ששופע לתוכה וכ׳ as long as it (the spring) discharges its overflow into the garden, the vegetables get black (dark green) etc. Niddah 9, 8 (among the symptoms of approaching menstruation) ושׁוֹפַעַת and she discharges, explained the same place (ibid.) 63ᵇ top of the page Bechoroth 3, 1 בהמה גסה ששָׁפְעָה וכ׳ a large domestic animal that discharged a clod of blood; and elsewhere—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Horayoth 1, 46ᵃ top עד שישפע, read: שישמע, see שָׁמַע.] Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁפִּיעַ to make slanting. Eruvin 43ᵇ משְׁפִּיעַ ועולה משפיע ויורד (not משפיעו) let him make the wall slanting (from the centre) upwards and downwards (so that it should cast no shade). to pour abundantly; to sell in large quantities; in a transferred sense to give in abundance. Demai 2, 4 כל המַשְׁפִּיעִים במדה גסה (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition המשופעים, correct accordingly) all wholesale dealers; אלו הן המַשְׁפִּיעִין וכ׳ these are considered wholesale dealers etc., see סִיטוֹן. Berachoth 32ᵃ (referring to ודי זהב, Deuteronomy 1, 1) בשביל … וזהב שהִשְׁפַּעְתָּ להם וכ׳ on account of the silver and gold which thou didst pour upon them, until they said, enough!—this was why they made the golden calf; (Yoma 86ᵇ שהרבית). Sanhedrin 108ᵃ דור … בשביל טובה שה׳ וכ׳ the generation of the flood became overbearing only on account of the wealth that the Lord bestowed upon them. the same place (ibid.) בטובה שהִשְׁפַּעְתִּי וכ׳ with the very blessing that I bestowed upon them, do they provoke me to anger; and frequently to give overmeasure. Tosefta Bava Bathra 5, 3 מקום שנהגו להַשְׁפִּיעַ משפיע וכ׳ where it is customary to give overmeasure, you must pour as much as is required: as long as the back and the bottom rim of the vessel are not wetted; and elsewhere—participle passive מוּשְׁפָּע, see below. Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁפֵּעַ to make slanting. participle passive מְשׁוּפָּע; feminine מְשׁוּפַּעַת; plural מְשׁופָּעִים, מְשׁוּפָּעִין; מְשׁוּפָּעוֹת. Shabbath 5ᵃ כותל מש׳ a slanting wall. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 5, beginning 39ᵃ היה המקום מש׳ וכ׳ if the place in his court is sloping …, the neighbor may protest (against washing being done in it), for he may say, thou pourest out, and it comes to my ground; and elsewhere—[Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 571 דרך משופע, see מְשׁוּפָּשׁ.] to cause to flow. Echah Rabbah to 4, 15 מהו ושפח וש׳ וכ׳ what is v’sippaḥ (Isaiah 3, 17)? It means v’shippʿa (he caused them to discharge blood), in order that the holy seed be not mixed up etc.—participle pass. as ab. abundant, eloquent, verbose. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 1, 5 edition Buber edition (referring to Proverbs 15, 7ᵇ) אלו המש׳ וכ׳ this refers to those who are extremely fluent, but in whom there is not the sap of the Law; Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 953 המוּשְׁפָּעִים. Pu. פֻּעַל שׁוּפַּע to be made slanting; participle מְשׁוּפָּע, see above. to be poured. Bereshith Rabbah section 69 end; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 120, see פַּךְ. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתַּפֵּעַ to slant. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 10, 26ᵇ bottom of the page במִשְׁתַּפֵּעַ עשרה וכ׳ when the wall slants at the grade of ten hand-breadths to three. ↗ original

שְׁפַע to flow, run, overflow. Targum Proverbs 3, 10. the same place (ibid.) 5, 16; and elsewhere—Niddah 63ᵃ שופעת הא שָׁפְעָה ואזלה the Mishnah says, ‘she discharges;’ but does she not continue to discharge (how can this be a premonitory symptom)? to slant, hang down. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 26, 12 (Levy quotes תַּשְׁפַּע Af'el). Af'el הִפְעִיל אַשְׁפַּע to make slanting, let hang down, see above. to pour, give in abundance. Vayikra Rabbah section 27 אן דאת יהיב את מַשְׁפַּע where thou givest, thou givest plentifully; Bereshith Rabbah section 33 הן דיהבת אַשְׁפַּעַת (not אשפע); Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 727; Tanchuma Emor 6; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Shor, p. 74ᵃ מַשְׁפִּיעַ. Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁפַּע to incline, make slanting, let hang down. participle passive מְשַׁפַּע. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 26, 13 (some edition מְשֻׁפַּע Hebraism).—Sotah 22ᵇ, see מְדוֹכְיָא. Bava Metzia 26ᵃ דמש׳ בחד גיסא when the wall is slanting on one side. ↗ original

שֶׁפַע the preceding) overflow, especially overmeasure, customary addition. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 78, 50 כל מכה … דבר ש׳ עליהן to every plague that came upon them, pestilence came as an addition (in the bargain); edition Buber edition, a. Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 820 שָׁפָה. ↗ original

שִׁפְעָא construct state שְׁפַע, same, overflow. Targum Isaiah 48, 18; 59, 19; 66, 12. ↗ original

שִׁפְעָה 1 (שָׁפַע 1) smoothing, planing.—שִׁפְעַת קורה smooth-trimmed trunk (of a palm tree). Bereshith Rabbah section 41, beginning ש׳ קורות להקרות וכ׳ the planed trunks (of the palm tree) are used for ceiling the house; Bamidbar Rabbah section 3, beginning; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 845 ש׳ קוֹרֶיהָ. Koheleth Rabbah to 3, 11 ש׳ קורייס (read קוֹרָה), see שָׁפַע. ↗ original

שִׁפְעָה 2 שפע to crush, stamp, stamping, trot, marching troop. Sotah 8, 1; Sifré Deuteronomy 192; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 923, see קַלְגָּס. ↗ original

שָׁפַף (see שׁוּף 2, a. שָׁפָה I) to crush, rub. —participle pass. שָׁפוּף; feminine שְׁפוּפָה; plural שְׁפוּפִים, שְׁפוּפִין; שְׁפוּפוֹת a) rubbed, rubbing. Bereshith Rabbah section 65 היו רגליהם ש׳ בארץ their feet (which were hanging down) rubbed against the ground; (Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 7, 20ᵇ top נוגעות).—b) crushed, weak, nimble. Bereshith Rabbah section 22 the evil inclination דומה ללסטיס ש׳ וכ׳ is like an enfeebled robber sitting on the cross-road etc.; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 36; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 840. Bereshith Rabbah section 25, end בני אדם ש׳ weak people, opposite גבורים; Ruth Rabbah to 1, 1. Bereshith Rabbah section 53 עכשיו … לא ש׳ וכ׳ now what is his gift (the child born to him)? is it not puny? I put my finger etc. (see פְּחַשׁ); Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 810 מתנתיה … שְׁפִיפָה (Chaldaic (Aramaic)). Bereshith Rabbah section 60 דווין וש׳ edition, see שָׁפָה I; and frequently Pilp. שִׁפְשֵׁף to rub, polish, brush off. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 4, end, 7ᵃ עד שיְשַׁפְשֵׁף until he rubs (the stones, to wipe off the dirt); Babylonian Shabbath 125ᵇ צאו ושׁפְשְׁפוּם go out and rub them. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 1, beginning 40ᵃ במְשַׁפְשֵׁף בהן במים when he scours them with water. Yoma 30ᵃ לשַׁפְשִׁף to wipe off (squirtings). Mikvaoth 9, 2 אלא אם כן ש׳ unless he has rubbed the soot off. Tosefta Demai 1, 18 משפשף he may rub him (with oil). Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 14ᶜ top עד ששִׁיפְשֵׁף before rubbing (the rectum), see מִשְׁמֵשׁ; and frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נָשַׁף, נִישָּׁף to be crushed. Bava Kamma 28ᵇ ונשוף באבן (Manuscript Florence ונושף read: ונישף), see שׁוּף 2. ↗ original

שְׁפַף (interch. with שׁוּף). Targum Exodus 32, 20 ושַׁף (Hebrew text ויטחן); Targum Song of Songs 1, 14. Targum Psalms 72, 4 יִשּׁוּף (Hebrew text ידכא). the same place (ibid.) 89, 24 (Hebrew text כתותי); and elsewhere Palp. שַׁפְשֵׁף to rub against, let glide down. Shabbath 154ᵇ דקא מְשַׁפְשֵׁף, see פַּשְׁפֵּשׁ 2. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּפֵּף to be crushed. Targum Job 5, 4 יִשְׁתּפְּפוּן (incorr. ישתתפון; Hebrew text ידכאו). the same place (ibid.) 30, 8, see שׁוּף 2 Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original

שָׁפַץ , Pi'el שִׁפֵּץ (see next word) to repair. Kethuboth 103ᵃ שִׁיפְּצָה מאי if she repaired the house, how is it?; see שִׁיפּוּצָא. ↗ original

שְׁפַץ , Pa'el שַׁפֵּיץ (Shaf. of פצץ) [to undo a breach (compare דִּשֵּׁן to remove the ashes),] to repair. Targum 2 Chronicles 11, 11 וש׳ ותקיף (Hebrew text ויחזק). the same place (ibid.) 23 ובנא וש׳ קרוין ומני וכ׳ (Hebrew text ויבן ויפרץ, to which Targum supplies ויפקד) he built and fortified cities, and appointed etc.—Megillah 4ᵃ אתא אסא שַׁפְּצִינְהוּ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Rashi (edition שפצנהי, correct accordingly) Asa came and restored their fortifications. Yevamoth 63ᵃ טום ולא תְשַׁפֵּיץ שַׁפֵּיץ וכ׳ fill up (a hole in time), that thou need not repair, repair, that thou need not build. ↗ original

שָׂפַק , see סָפַק, סְפַק. ↗ original

שפקין , Tosefta Makhshirin 1, 2, read: שעִקְּרָן (see Rabbenu Shimshon to Makhshirin 1, 4). ↗ original

שָׁפַר (Biblical Hebrew) to be smooth, rounded; to be pleasing, good, cheerful. Shemoth Rabbah section 1 (play on שִׁפְרָה) ששָׁפְרוּ מעשיה וכ׳ her deeds were pleasing before God. Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁפֵּר to cleanse, make pleasing; to conciliate, harmonize. Sotah 11ᵇ; Shemoth Rabbah the passage cited the Lord sent an angel from on high ומנקה אותם ומְשַׁפֵּר אותם … שׁמְשַׁפֶּרֶת וכ׳ (not ומשפיר) who cleansed them and made them good-looking, like a midwife that cleanses an infant. the same place (ibid.) שהיתה משפרת על וכ׳ she smoothed over her daughter’s words, and pacified (the king) for her. Bereshith Rabbah section 98 (referring to אמרי שפר, Genesis 49, 21) אמרי שופר שהן משַׁפְּרִין אמרין וכ׳ words of the Shofar, for they harmonize the words that were given with sounding the Shofar etc. (the Torah). the same place (ibid.) ורץ … ושי׳ על ידו (not ידן) Naphtali ran like a hind and brought the document (of the purchase of the cave of Machpelah) from Egypt, and through it he pacified (the Hittites). Bereshith Rabbah section 99, end (referring to Genesis the passage cited) [read:] והם מכבדין … ומשפרין דבריהם they offer kings their fruits and speak pleasing words; Tanchuma Vayḥi 13 ומשמירין (correct accordingly). Vayikra Rabbah section 29 (referring to Psalms 81, 4 שופר) בחדש הזה שַׁפְּרוּ מעשיכם in this month (Tishri) cleanse your deeds; אם שִׁפַּרְתֶּם וכ׳ if you cleanse your deeds, I will etc.; and elsewhere Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׁפַּר to be made neat-looking, be adorned. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 10, end, 12ᵈ העושה … לִישָּׁפֵר who makes a strap (for an animal) … to be adorned with it; Tosefta Kelim Bava Bathra 4, 13 לשַׁפֵּר (Pi'el). ↗ original

שְׁפַר Targum Genesis 34, 18. Targum Psalms 69, 32. Targum Esther 1, 10; and frequently—Sanhedrin 11ᵇ ושַׁפְרָא מילתא באנפיי וכ׳ and the thing was pleasing in my sight and etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 18ᵈ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 5, 56ᶜ top of the page Kerithoth 5ᵇ אי שמין וש׳ וכ׳ if it (the cock) gets fat and well-looking, he may know that he will succeed; and elsewhere Af'el הִפְעִיל אַשְׁפַּר to cleanse, make handsome, pleasant. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 9, 27 (Hebrew text יפת). Targum Proverbs 15, 2. the same place (ibid.) 17, 22 (manuscript מְשַׁפֵּיר Pa'el); and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 1, 49ᵃ bottom of the page יַשְׁפַּר אפוי וכ׳, see כַּרְיָא I. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, 64ᵇ bottom of the page מַשְׁפַּר תייטרון cleaning the theatre; and elsewhere Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׁתְּפַר to make one’s self fair, adorn one’s self. Targum Jeremiah 2, 33. ↗ original

שֶׁפֶר the preceding) beauty, splendor, pleasantness. Bamidbar Rabbah section 14¹¹ בירכו באמרי ש׳ … שְׁפָרִים he blessed him with speeches of beauty, for his words were pleasing. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 16, 6 שכרן של מצות שְׁפָרוֹ עלי (not מצוה) (naḥălath means) the reward of good deeds; its splendor rests on me; and elsewhere ↗ original

שֶׁפֶר ² ; construct state שְׁפַר, the best of, choice of. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 47, 6 בית שְׁ׳ ארעא (O. בדשַׁפִּיר בא׳). Targum Deuteronomy 12, 11; and frequently—שְׁ׳ ארג, see אָרָג.—Bava Metzia 14ᵃ שבח ש׳ וכ׳, see שִׁעְבּוּד.—שְׁ׳ נונא, see נוּן. ↗ original

שָׁפָר (the preceding words) beautiful, pleasing. — plural שְׁפָרִים. Bamidbar Rabbah section 14¹¹, see שׁפֶר. ↗ original

שִׁפְרְגָז , see שִׁיפְרְגָז ↗ original

שְׁפַרְנוּנָא , see נוּן ↗ original

שְׁפַרְעַם Sh’farʿam (ShefaʿAmr, Neubauer Geographie du Talmud, Paris 1868 p. 199), north-west of Sepphoris, near Usha. Rosh Hashanah 31ᵇ (seat of the Sanhedrin). Avodah Zarah 8ᵇ. Tosefta Mikvaoth 6, 2. ↗ original

שְׁפַרְפָּרָא (שְׁפַר) brightness; (compare צַפְרָא) early morning, morning light. Targum Esther 10, 3. Targum Job 3, 3 (Hebrew text נהרה). the same place (ibid.) 7, 4 (Hebrew text נשף). Targum Isaiah 58, 8 (Hebrew text שחר). the same place (ibid.) 62, 1 (Hebrew text נגה); and frequently ↗ original

שַׁפִּרְתָּא , see שַׁפִּיר ↗ original

שפש , participle Pu. מְשׁוּפָּשׁ, see מְשׁוּפָּשׁ. ↗ original

שִׁפְשֵׁף , see שָׁפַף, שְׁפַף. ↗ original

שַׁפְשָׁף (see שׁוּף 2) paste, a small board on the hunter’s rod smeared over with glue. Shabbath 8, 4 (78ᵇ) דבק כדי ליתן בראש הש׳ Babylonian edition (Mishnah a. Yerushalmi (prefix) edition השַׁבְשֶׁבֶת); explained the same place (ibid.) 80ᵃ כדי ליתן בראש ש׳ שבראש קנה וכ׳ (Munich manuscript a. O. שבשבת; Alfasi manuscript שַׁפְשֶׁפֶת; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 3) as much glue as is required to put on the top of the ‘paste board’ which is on the fowlers’ reed. ↗ original

שַׁפְשֶׁפֶת feminine, see the preceding ↗ original

שָׁפַת (Biblical Hebrew) to place, pile, especially to place the cooking vessel over or by the fire. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, end, 4ᵇ השׁוֹפֵת את הקדירה וכ׳ if one sets a pot over coals (on the Sabbath), we must warn him etc. Betzah 4, 5 לִשְׁפּוֹת וכ׳ to place a pot on them, see נָקַף I. Chullin 84ᵃ מאה מנה יִשְׁפְּתוּ וכ׳ if one possesses one hundred Maneh, he may have a pot put on the stove every day. Sotah 11ᵇ שׁוֹפְתוֹת שתי וכ׳ they put on two pots, one for hot water, and one with fish; Shemoth Rabbah section 1. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 22, 16 הייתי דומה … שׁוֹפְתִין עליה (not שופכין) I was like a stove situate between two roads, on which the travellers do their cooking; edition Buber edition ש׳ קרירותיהן עליה; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 687; and frequently—[Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 3, 1 שפת הימנה, see שָׁפָה I.] ↗ original

שִׂפְתָא = סִיפְתָא, border, lip. Targum Onkelos Exodus 26, 4; and frequently, see סִיפְתָא.—Yevamoth 75ᵇ ואימא משִׂפְתֵיה may I not say, it refers to his lip?; and elsewhere ↗ original

שפתה , Tanchuma R’eh 5 והושיבוהו על ש׳, quid? ↗ original

שְׂפָתוֹת , see שָׂפָה ↗ original

שְׁפַתַּיִם du. (Biblical Hebrew; שָׁפַת, compare אַשְׁפֹּת) border-mounds (between which is the balk). Sotah 11ᵇ ונזקקות להן בין ש׳ and they had intercourse with them between the mounds in the field; Shemoth Rabbah section 1. Yalkut Shimoni Zechariah 574 (referring to Psalms 68, 14) תשכבון בין ש׳ יהודה ועבר הירדן you shall lie (in peace) between the borders: Judah and the shore of the Jordan. ↗ original

שֵׁץ , see שֵיץ ↗ original

שֵׁצָא , see sub שֵׁיצ׳. ↗ original

שֶׁצֶת Shetseth, a Phœnician border town. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 2, 22ᵈ top; Tosefta Shevi'ith 4, 9 שֶׁנֶץ. ↗ original

שֹׁק , see שׁוֹק ↗ original

שַׂק (Biblical Hebrew) sack, sackcloth. Sifra Sh’mini, Parah 6, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 8 (referring to Leviticus 11, 32) מה שק מיוחד וכ׳ as sack, which is specified, is something spun and woven etc.; Shabbath 64ᵃ. Sifra the passage cited אין לי אלא שק העשוי וכ׳ I may think that only sackcloth made of goats’ hair is meant. Sukkah 20ᵇ; Tosefta Kelim Bava Bathra 4, 14 של שק a mat made of sackcloth. Sanhedrin 101ᵃ התורה חוגרת שק וכ׳ the Torah, girt with sackcloth, stands before the Lord etc.; and frequently—plural שַׂקִּים, שַׂקִּין. Shabbath 62ᵃ, see סַק 2; and elsewhere ↗ original

שַׂק ² Chaldaic (Aramaic), see סַק, סַקָּא. ↗ original

שָׁקָא = Hebrew שׁוֹק, joint, leg. Targum Exodus 29, 22; 27 (O. edition Berlin edition שָׁ׳; other editions a. Yerushalmi (prefix) שׁוֹ׳ a. שֹׁקָא). Targum Leviticus 7, 32, and the following (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition Vienna edition שַׁקָּא); and frequently—plural שָׁקִין, שָׁקַיָּא, שָׁקֵי, שׁוֹ׳, שַׁקּ׳. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 28, 35; Yerushalmi (prefix) edition Vienna edition שַׁקְיָיא (read: שַׁקַּיָּיא; manuscript שַׁקְיָין). Targum Psalms 147, 10 שׁוֹקֵי (construct state).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 5, 49ᵃ bottom of the page חמון ש׳ look at the legs (of Moses, how fat); Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 3, 65ᶜ bottom of the page חזי שקי (edition Krot. שָׁאקֵי). Vayikra Rabbah section 34 חמי שקיין look at the (poor man’s) legs; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 665 שקין; Koheleth Rabbah to 5, 13. Chullin 63ᵃ אריכי שקי those with long legs, see שְׁקִיטְנָא; and elsewhere—[Targum 2 Samuel 22, 43 שׁוֹקִין, some edition שקין, read: שׁוּקִין]. shaft. Gittin 55ᵇ; 57ᵃ, see דִּיסְפַּק. ↗ original

שְׁקָא = שְׁקַע to sink, break down. Kiddushin 81ᵇ ש׳ ומית he sank and died (feigned a sinking spell and death). Vayikra Rabbah section 17 ש׳ ביתא some edition, see שְׁקַע. ↗ original

שָׂקַד Nif'al; compare next word) to bend, twist, plait. —participle pass. שָׂקוּד; feminine שְׂקוּדָה (compare שְׁבֶשְׁתָּא) confused, mistaken. Echah Rabbah to 1, 14 (referring to נשקד, the same place (ibid.)) ש׳ הייתי מעונותי וכ׳ I was in error as to my sins, I thought that he would forgive me all my sins, when I heard that my verdict was torn up. ↗ original

שָׁקַד (b. h; see קדד) [to bend, be bent; in a transferred sense] to be bent upon, be intent, studious, anxious; to watch. Echah Rabbah to 1, 14 (referring to נשקד, see the preceding) שי"ן כתיב ש׳ הקב"ה וכ׳ it is written with Shin, the Lord considered well how to bring the evil upon me (so as not to consume me). Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 119, 9 ששׁוֹקְדִים וכ׳, see שָׁחַר I. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 7ᵈ אני שׁוֹקֵד והן שׁוֹקְרִין I am industrious (rise early), and so are they; (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 28ᵇ משכים … משכימים). Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 7 (6), 2 כמה אומניות שׁוֹקְדוֹת משכימות וכ׳ how many trades (tradesmen) are anxious, rise early (to sell their goods), and I rise and find all these etc.; Babylonian Berachoth 58ᵃ כל אומניות שוקדות ובאות וכ׳ (not אומות) all trades are anxious and come to the door of my house etc. Kethuboth 2ᵃ; 3ᵇ שָׁקְדוּ … על בנות וכ׳ the scholars were considerate towards the daughters of Israel (in ordaining weddings to be held on the fourth day of the week), in order that a man may make preparations etc. the same place (ibid.) 3ᵃ bottom of the page הא בעינן שקדו but (how may weddings take place any day of the week?) must we not consider shaḳ’du (the scholars’ institution for the honor of woman)?; and elsewhere—participle pass. שָׁקוּד anxious, industrious, conscientious. Avoth 2, 14 הוי ש׳ ללמוד וכ׳ be anxious to learn the Law. Kethuboth 43ᵇ ש׳ אמרה the industrious scholar said it; ש׳ מנו שמואל who is meant by shaḳud? Samuel. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 8, 40ᵈ bottom of the page ולא עמד שׁוֹקֵד וכ׳ and no conscientious student arose, until (R.) Jeremiah arose; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 3, 64ᶜ top שָׁקֵד. ↗ original

שְׁקַד , to watch, be anxious, careful. Targum Psalms 102, 8. Targum Proverbs 8, 34. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׁתְּקֵיד to be anxious, wait for an opportunity. Sanhedrin 14ᵃ הוה קא מִשְׁתְּקֵיד ר׳ וכ׳ (Munich manuscript מִשְׁתְּקַד) R. J. was anxious to ordain them; Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 96. ↗ original

שָׁקֵד 1 industrious, anxious, see שָׁקַד. ↗ original

שָׁקֵד 2 (Biblical Hebrew) almond-tree, almond. Bereshith Rabbah section 42. Koheleth Rabbah to 12, 7 (referring to Jeremiah 1, 11) מה הש׳ הזה משעה וכ׳ as the almond-tree takes twenty-one days from the time it blossoms to mature its fruit etc.; Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Joshua 2); and frequently—plural שְׁקֵדִים, שְׁקֵדִין, שְׁקֵי׳. Maasroth 1, 4 ש׳ המרים bitter almonds. Yerushalmi (prefix) Orlah 3, 63ᵇ top שְׁקֵידֵי פרך soft-shell almonds (see פֶּרֶךְ); and elsewhere ↗ original

שַׁקְדָּן (שָׁקַד) watchful, industrious, scrupulous student. — plural שַׁקְדָּנִים, שַׁקְדָּנִין. Sotah 9, 15 משמת … בטלו הש׳ with the death of B. A. the careful students ceased; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 15, 4; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 9, end, 24ᶜ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 8, 40ᵈ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 3, 64ᶜ top of the page ↗ original

שָׁקָה , see שקי ↗ original

שָׁקוּט (שקט, Shaf. of קט; compare קטט, קוט) [cut short,] stubby, abnormally short. Nedarim 66ᵇ שמא … ש׳ הוא is her neck graceful? It is too short. Tosefta Bechoroth 5, 1 צוארו שמוט וש׳ whose neck is abnormally long or abnormally short; Bechoroth 43ᵇ, explained דחביא מיחבא, see חֲבֵי; see שָׁמוּט. abruptly bent, angular. the same place (ibid.) 7, 1 (43ᵃ) שראשו ש׳ (Mishnah edition שקוע) he whose head is angular, explained the same place (ibid.)ᵇ ש׳ מלפניו shaḳuṭ refers to the front of the head (the forehead receding abruptly). ↗ original

שִׁקּוּיָא , see sub שִׁיקּ׳. ↗ original

שָׁקוֹלָא (שְׁקַל) carrier (of wine vessels).—plural שְׁקוֹלָאֵי. Bava Metzia 99ᵇ. Chullin 105ᵇ ↗ original

שִׁקּוּעַ , see sub שִׁיקּ׳. ↗ original

שְׁקוּעָה sh’ḳu‘ah, a substitute for שְׁבוּעָה, see כִּינּוּי. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 1, 37ᵃ top of the page ↗ original

שְׁקוֹף (שָׁקַף 1, see מַשְׁקוֹף) cross-piece, lintel, arch, arched gateway with posts. Nega'im 12, 4; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 6, 5 כדי ליתן תחת הש׳ as much wood as is required to place under an arch (to keep it in shape); the same place (ibid.) כדי לעשות סנדל לאחורי הש׳ as much as is required to make ‘a shoe’ (protection) back of the arch. Tosefta Oholoth 7, 10 שְׁקוֹפָהּ של מערה the arched entrance of a cave. the same place (ibid.) פיה לש׳ וכ׳ [בין] אם אין if there is not the space of a handbreadth between the mouth of the pot and the lintel. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 28ᵈ bottom of the page הגביה … את הש׳ וכ׳ the angel raised the lintel for him (Phinehas), so that both of them could be seen from between his shoulders; (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 82ᵇ המשקוף); Sifré Numbers 131 פתח ש׳ (read: את הש׳); (Bamidbar Rabbah section 20, end המשקוף; Tanchuma Balak 21 משקוף הבית). Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 5, 56ᶜ bottom of the page תחת מעי הש׳ (strike out מעי, a dittography from preceding clause) under the archway. Yerushalmi (prefix) Niddah 2, 49ᵈ bottom of the page standing אחר הש׳ behind the post (ready to go out); (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 12ᵃ; 14ᵇ בצד המשקוף); and elsewhere—plural שְׁקוֹפוֹת. Middoth 2, 3 כל השערים … להן ש׳ וכ׳ all the gates that were there (on the Temple mount) had arches with posts, except the gate of T. where there were only two stones leaning one on the other. ↗ original

שְׁקוֹפָא door posts with arch. — plural שְׁקוֹפֵי. Menachoth 33ᵇ (Manuscript Rome 1, a. Rashi שקפי; Manuscript Rome 2 שיקמי, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 9); Eruvin 11ᵃ שקפי (Rashi שיקפי), see שִׁימָּאָה. lintel, see שַׁקְפָא. ↗ original

שִׁקּוּץ , see sub שִׁיקּ׳. ↗ original

שְׁקוּרָה sh’ḳurah, a substitute for שְׁבוּעָה, see כִּינּוּי. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 1, 37ᵃ top of the page ↗ original

שָׁקוּתָא (שְׁקֵי) drinking. Targum Esther 1, 8.—plural שַׁקְוָותָא (supply (understood word) בני) cup-bearers, butlers. Targum I Kings 10, 5 edition Lagarde edition (edition Vilna edition שַׁקָיוּ׳; other edition שָׁקיּ׳); Targum 2 Chronicles 9, 4. watering; (supply (understood word) בית) trough (see שַׁקְיָא).—plural as ab. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 29, 22 שַׁקְוָותָן; Yerushalmi (prefix) I בית שַׁקְיוּתָן (read: בתי) our troughs. ↗ original

שָׁקַט 1 to cut off, shorten, see שָׁקוּט. ↗ original

שָׁקַט 2 (Biblical Hebrew) to settle, be at rest, at ease. Shabbath 88ᵃ למה שָׁקְטָה, see יָרֵא; Avodah Zarah 3ᵃ; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 811. Yalkut Shimoni Habakkuk 563 ש׳ העולם the world remained undisturbed; Tanchuma edition Buber edition, Sh’mini 10 שקטה הארץ; and elsewhere Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁקִיט to be quiet, careless (compare שָׁלֵו). Bereshith Rabbah section 36, beginning (referring to Job 34, 29) והוא יַשְׁקִיט מעולמו and he (the Lord) is unconcerned about his world; Vayikra Rabbah section 5 (not בעולמו). to give rest, ease. Gittin 31ᵇ (referring to Job 37, 17) אימתי … בשעה שה׳ וכ׳ (Rashi בשׁמַשְׁקִיט) when are thy clothes warm? When he makes the world rest from the south (when the south wind abates); Yalkut Shimoni Job 922.—[Tosefta Eruvin 9 (6), 26 המשקטין variant reading, see קָשַׁט.] ↗ original

שְׁקַט Targum Judges 18, 7; 27. Targum Exodus 23, 12 (Hebrew text וינפש). Targum Jeremiah 30, 10; and frequently Af'el הִפְעִיל אַשְׁקֵיט to give rest. Targum Isaiah 62, 1. ↗ original

שֶׁקֶט the preceding) rest, ease. Sanhedrin 8, 5 ש׳ לרשעים וכ׳ the ease of the wicked is bad for them and bad for the world. ↗ original

שְׁקֵטָא , see שְׁקֵיטָא ↗ original

שִׁקְטָנָא , see שְׁקִיטְנָא ↗ original

שקי [(compare שקע) to settle.] Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁקָה compare שָׁתָה) to give drink; to water. Moed Katan 1, 1 מַשְׁקִין בית וכ׳ you may water a field that depends on irrigation during the festive week etc. Kethuboth 111ᵇ ממַשְׁקֵהוּ חלב, see שֵׁן. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 12; Bamidbar Rabbah section 11³ ומשה מַשְׁקֶה and Moses gave drink (to those who were being circumcised). Eduy. 5, 6 אין משקין וכ׳ we do not give the testing waters to a proselyte (see סוֹטָה). the same place (ibid.) דוגמא הִשְׁקוּהָ, see דּוּגְמָא; Berachoth 19ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original

שקי ² , Af'el אַשְׁקֵי Chaldaic (Aramaic) same. Targum Genesis 29, 10. the same place (ibid.) 24, 18, and the following the same place (ibid.) 2, 6. Targum Jeremiah 1, 5; and frequently—Shabbath 140ᵃ אַשְׁקְיָין חמרא וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition אשקיי׳, אשקיי, correct accordingly) he gave me one cup of wine to drink. Bava Bathra 146ᵃ מאן לימא … ואַשְׁקֵיה who can tell that he did not grind a pearl … and give it to him to drink (in the cup)? Koheleth Rabbah to 3, 2 והוה … מַשְׁקֵי לון וכ׳ and the father of the child offered them old wine; and frequently ↗ original

שָׁקֵי , see שָׁקְיָא ↗ original

שֳׁקִי (the preceding) irrigation; של ש׳ (שדה) a field requiring irrigation. Tosefta Shevi'ith 2, 4 בשל ש׳ in a field depending on irrigation, opposite של בעל. Bamidbar Rabbah section 16²⁵ של שקי (not שקר), see בַּעַל. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 10, 47ᵇ top כרוב של ש׳ (not שקיא) cabbage from an irrigated field. the same place (ibid.) bottom of the page; and frequently ↗ original

שַׁקְיָא irrigation; pool; בֵּית שַׁ׳, גִּינַת שַׁ׳ irrigated soil, garden. Targum Genesis 13, 10 (Hebrew text משקה). Targum Joshua 15, 19; Judges 1, 15 (Hebrew text גלת). Targum Onkelos Numbers 24, 6; and elsewhere—Targum Isaiah 32, 20, see below.—plural שַׁקְיָין, שַׁקְיָן. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 2, 5.—Masc. plural שִׁיקַיָּיא pools, canals. Targum Isaiah 32, 20 (some edition שִׁיקְיָיא; edition Vilna edition שַׁקְיָא; edition Lagarde edition שקיא). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 8, 1 (Hebrew text אגמים). בֵּית שַׁ׳ or שַׁ׳ trough. Targum Onkelos Genesis 24, 20 (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 ש׳ only; Yerushalmi (prefix) I בית שַׁקְתֵי). Targum Onkelos the same place (ibid.) 30, 38.—plural שַׁקְיָיתָא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) the same place (ibid.)—5. שָׁקוּתָא. ↗ original

שָׁקְיָא (the preceding words) butler. Targum Onkelos Genesis 40, 1; 5; and elsewhere—Bava Kamma 92ᵇ (proverb) חמרא למרא טיבותא לשָׁקְיֵיה (Munich manuscript דשָׁקְיָה) the wine belongs to the owner, the credit for it is given to his butler (is the butler’s).—רַב שָׁקי chief butler. Targum Genesis 40, 2. Targum Onkelos the same place (ibid.) 9 (Yerushalmi (prefix) רב מזוגייא); and elsewhere ↗ original

שָׁקֵיד , see שָׁקֵד 2 ↗ original

שָׁקְיָה , see שָׁקְיָא ↗ original

שַׁקְיוּתָא (preceding article) drink. Targum Psalms 102, 10. בֵּית שׁ׳ trough, see שָׁקוּתָא. butlership. Targum Onkelos Genesis 40, 21. ↗ original

שְׁקִיזְמֵי (Shaf. of קזם = גזם; compare גַּרְזִימֵי) nibbles, dessert, fruit etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 6, end, 10ᵈ. ↗ original

שְׁקֵיטָא (שְׁקַט) at rest, at ease. Targum Zechariah 1, 11 (edition Vilna edition שְׁקִי׳; edition Lagarde edition שְׁקֵטָא). ↗ original

שְׁקִיטְנָא (compare שָׁקוּט) flamingo (from its abruptly bent beak).—plural שְׁקִיטְנָאֵי, שִׁיקְטְ׳. Chullin 63ᵃ ש׳ אריכי שקי וכ׳ Munich manuscript a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (Manuscript Rome 1 שִׁקְטְנָאֵי; edition singular, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) flamingos, those with long legs and red are permitted, the short-legged and red are forbidden. ↗ original

שָׁקְיָיא , see שָׁקְיָא, שַׁקְיָא. ↗ original

שַׁקְיָינָא (שקי) drink, liquid, infusion. — plural שַׁקְיָינֵי, שִׁיקְ׳. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Numbers 6, 3.—Shabbath 78ᵃ כל ש׳ וכ׳ (Munich manuscript שתייתא) all liquids (infusions of collyrium) heal etc., see טְלַל I. the same place (ibid.) 147ᵇ כולהו ש׳ מדיבחא וכ׳ all infusions (medicines) taken between Passover and Pentecost are efficacious. Avodah Zarah 28ᵇ כולהו ש׳ קשו וכ׳ (not שקיינו, Rashi שַׁקְיָינִין) all liquids are bad for the ear, except etc. ↗ original

שַׁקִּיעַ (שְׁקַע) depressed, having the appearance of a depression. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 13, 55 צורעא ש׳ (some edition שְׁקִ׳; Hebrew text פחתת). ↗ original

שְׁקִיעָה (שָׁקַע) sinking. Shemoth Rabbah section 15²²; Tanchuma Ḥayé 3 דרך של ש׳ a muddy road.—שְׁקִיעַת החמה sunset. Zevachim 56ᵃ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 5, 22ᵈ bottom of the page Bereshith Rabbah section 68 כשם … בזריחתה … לראות בשְׁקִיעָתָהּ as thou hast permitted me to see the sun in its rise, so permit me to see its going down; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁקִיעַיָּא (שְׁקַע) old, forgotten titles of consfiscated property (see סִיקָרִיקוֹן). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 10, end, 34ᵃ [read:] קריבין … אזלון … נשין ואעלון להון נשין ש׳ וכ׳ relatives of R. J. bought fields from the family of Bar Tafḳan; then members of the family of B. T. went and married, and their wives brought them old titles (showing that the property sold had originally belonged to their family, and according to the sicaricon law the purchasers were bound to pay them one-fourth of the price paid for the property). They came to court, suing the relatives of R. José. Said R. M. to them, אנא ידע … לא הוו אילין ש׳ קדמיכון I know that when you sold those fields, you did not have those titles before you (consequently, when the sale took place, the original owners were unknown, and the sicaricon law had no application). ↗ original

שָׁקִיף (שָׁקַף 1; compare כִּיפָּה) cleft.—plural שְׁקִיפִים, שְׁקִיפִין. Oholoth 3, 7; 8, 2 ש׳ וסלעים roofs (see אֹהֶל) formed by clefts and overhanging rocks. ↗ original

שְׁקִיפָא Targum Isaiah 10, 26; Targum Judges 7, 25 (Hebrew text צור). the same place (ibid.) 15, 8; 11 (Hebrew text סעיף).—plural שְׁקִיפִין. Targum Isaiah 2, 21 (Hebrew text סעפי). the same place (ibid.) 57, 5. Targum I Samuel 24, 3 (Hebrew text צורי); and elsewhere—5. שִׁקְפָא 2. ↗ original

שְׁקִיפַס , see סְקִיפַס ↗ original

שְׁקִיקוּת (שָׁקַק) greed. Esther Rabbah to 1, 2 (referring to I Kings 14, 25) Pharaoh is named שישק מפני שבא בשׁ׳ וכ׳ Shishak, because he came upon Israel with avidity, saying etc. ↗ original

שָׁקַל [to swing,] to weigh, balance. Bereshith Rabbah section 4 הכנס ורחוץ ושְׁקוֹל וכ׳ go in and bathe, and weigh thyself before and after etc.; כיון שיצא וש׳ וכ׳ when he came out and weighed himself, he had lost nothing. Bava Bathra 5, 11 היה שׁוֹקֵל לוֹ עין בעין if he gave him exact weight, see עַיִן. the same place (ibid.) 89ᵃ לא יאמר לו שקול … אלא שוקל ליטרא וכ׳ he cannot say to him, weigh me three single fourths of a litra, but he weighs (puts in the balance) one litra, and puts one-fourth of a litra with the meat; and frequently—Transferred to weigh, consider, account. Koheleth Rabbah to 12, 14 עבד שרבו שוקל וכ׳ a slave to whom his master accounts errors as wilful offenses; Chagigah 5ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) (referring to Malachi 3, 5) אוי לני שש׳ … קלות וכ׳ woe unto us to whom the Scripture accounts light offenses alike with severe crimes; Yalkut Shimoni Malachi 589. Mechilta Yithro, section 8 חביב … שש׳ כבודן וכ׳ the honoring of father and mother is precious before God, for he put their honor and the fear of them on a level with his own honor etc.; (Kiddushin 30ᵇ השוה); and elsewhere (denominative of שֶׁקֶל) to offer the head-tax (half a Shekel). Shekalim 1, 4 כל כהן ששוקל וכ׳ a priest that pays the head-tax. the same place (ibid.) 6 השוקל על ידי וכ׳ if one pays the head-tax for a priest, a woman, or a minor, he is exempt (from paying agio). Nedarim 4, 2 (33ᵃ) את שקלו (לו)שוקל may pay the head-tax for him; and frequently—In gen. to pay taxes. Tosefta Demai 6, 3; 4; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 6, end, 26ᵃ, see אוֹצָר.—participle pass. שָׁקוּל; feminine שְׁקוּלָה; plural שְׁקוּלִים, שְׁקוּלִין; שְׁקוּלוֹת even-balanced, of equal importance. Sanhedrin 3ᵇ, and frequently אין בית דין ש׳ a court must never be even-balanced, i.e. not be of even numbers, opposite נוטה; see בַּיִת. Bamidbar Rabbah section 18⁸ (referring to Psalms 99, 6) שמואל שש׳ כנגד וכ׳ Samuel who is balanced against Moses and Aaron together; Berachoth 31ᵇ (referring to I Samuel 1, 11, זרע אנשים) זרע שש׳ כנגד שני אנשים וכ׳ a seed (son) that will hold the balance against two men etc. the same place (ibid.) 33ᵃ מזכירין … שש׳ כתחיית וכ׳ we insert ‘the power of rain’ (see גְּבוּרָה) in the section about resurrection, because it is equal to resurrection. Bava Kamma 3ᵃ ש׳ הן וכ׳ they (the two kinds of damages) are even-balanced (you cannot decide between the two), let both be included; Zevachim 4ᵇ; Nazir 58ᵇ ש׳ הוא the balance is even; Arachin 4ᵇ. Sifra Vayikra, N’dab., Chaldaic (Aramaic) 17, Parah 14; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 462 (referring to Leviticus 3, 4) הדבר ש׳ יטול וכ׳ it may be understood either way, he should take that part of the midriff which is by the liver, or a portion of the liver with the midriff etc.; and frequently Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁקִיל to weigh, ponder, estimate. Bereshith Rabbah section 59 (referring to Hosea 12, 8) that is Eliezer, שהיה יושב ומַשְׁקִיל את בתו וכ׳ for he sat and pondered on his daughter: is she or is she not worthy?; Yalkut Shimoni Hosea 528 ומְשַׁקֵּל (Pi'el). ↗ original

שְׁקַל (compare נטל) to take, take away. Targum Proverbs 17, 8. the same place (ibid.) 25, 20. Targum 2 Esther 1, 16; and frequently—[Targum Exodus 23, 5 מלמשקל edition Berlin edition, other edition למשבק, מלמשבק.]—ש׳ וטרא, see טְרָא.—Bava Metzia 40ᵃ ושָׁקְלִין וכ׳, see שׁוּפְטָנָא. the same place (ibid.) 60ᵇ דקא שָׁקֵיל מיניה וכ׳ (not שקלי) for he takes from him etc., see נְכַת. Kiddushin 12ᵇ שְׁקַלְתָּהּ ואישתיקא (not שקלתא) she accepted it and kept silence; the same place (ibid.) 13ᵃ שְׁקַלְתֵּיה. the same place (ibid.) אין שַׁקְלִי ודידי שקלי yes, I received it, but it was mine I received. Shevuoth 32ᵇ הוה משתבענא ושְׁקִילְנָא I should have been assigned an oath, and the money would have been decreed to me. Yevamoth 105ᵃ; Sanhedrin 21ᵃ, see מִטַּרְפְּסָא. Berachoth 60ᵃ ש׳ בדקא וכ׳ a freshet carried away part of his field (Manuscript Florence אישתקל וכ׳ a freshet was carried into his field); Bava Bathra 41ᵃ, see בִּדְקָא; and frequently—Berachoth the passage cited הוה שָׁקֵיל ואזיל בתריה וכ׳ took up (his cloak) and walked behind etc.—participle passive שָׁקִיל; feminine שְׁקִילָא; plural שְׁקִילִין, שְׁקִילֵי; שְׁקִילָן. Shabbath 63ᵇ שקילי … שקילין וכ׳ (Munich manuscript שקילין … ושקילן), see נִיבָא I. the same place (ibid.) שקילא טיבותיך (not שקולא; better: שְׁקוֹלִי וכ׳ take thy goodness), see חִיזְרָא I; and elsewhere to carry. Menachoth 85ᵃ; Shemoth Rabbah section 9 ירקא שְׁקוֹל, see מָתָא; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 182 שְׁקִיל. Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁקֵּל, , Af. אַשְׁקֵל to cause to take, to give. Pesachim 57ᵇ דאַשְׁקְלֵיה וכ׳ (Munich manuscript דשַׁקְּלֵיה); Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 469, see מִטַּרְפְּסָא. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׁתְּקִיל, אִשְׁתְּקַל to be taken away. Targum I Chronicles 5, 2 אִשְׁתְּקִילַת (variant reading אִשְׁתַּקְלַת). the same place (ibid.) 1 (edition Beck אסתלקת).—Berachoth 60ᵃ, see above. ↗ original

שֶׁקֶל [weight,] Shekel, a coin; ש׳ הקדש the sacred Sh., twenty Gerah or M’ʿah, twice the weight of the common Shekel (see סֶלַע). Bechoroth 8, 7 (49ᵇ) כולם בש׳ הק׳ all these definitions refer to the sacred Sh. the same place (ibid.) 50ᵃ. Bava Bathra 9ᵃ שלישית הש׳ one-third of a Sh. (Nehemiah 10, 33); and frequently—Esp. (מחצית הש׳, Exodus 30, 13) the head-tax for the Temple. Nedarim 4, 2 שִׁקְלוֹ, see שָׁקַל. Shekalim 2, 3 הרי אלו לשִׁקְלִי these coins are designated for my contribution as head-tax; שאביא מהן לשקלי that I will offer my head-tax out of them; and frequently—plural שְׁקָלִים. the same place (ibid.) 1, 1, see שָׁמַע. the same place (ibid.) 2, 1, see דַּרְכּוֹן. Megillah 13ᵇ גלוי … לשקול ש׳ … הקדים שִׁקְלֵיהֶן לשְׁקָלָיו וכ׳ it was known before God that Haman would, at some future day, pay Shekels for the destruction of Israel, therefore He made their Shekels (contributions to the sanctuary) to precede his Shekels, this is why we are told (Shekalim 1, 1), ‘on the first of Adar etc.’; and frequently—Sh’ḳalim (Shekalim), name of a treatise, of the Order of Moʿed, of Mishnah, Tosefta, and Talmud Y’rushalmi. ↗ original

שִׁקְמָא = next word—plural שִׁקְמִין, שִׁקְמַיָּא, שִׁקְמָתָא, שִׁי׳. Targum Amos 7, 14. Targum I Kings 10, 27. Targum Psalms 78, 47.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 1, 21ᵈ top, see שִׁקְמוֹנָה. ↗ original

שִׁקְמָה (Biblical Hebrew) sycamore. Bava Bathra 2, 11 בחרוב ובש׳ חמשים אמה when planting a carob tree or a sycamore, (you must keep off from your neighbor’s well) by fifty cubits. Pesachim 53ᵃ, see שְׁפֵלָה; (Tosefta Shevi'ith 7, 11 plural). Niddah 8ᵇ, and elsewhere בתולת ש׳, see בְּתוּלָה. Bereshith Rabbah section 12 (referring to Isaiah 65, 22) כש׳ הזו שהיא וכ׳ like the sycamore that remains in the ground six hundred years; (Pesikta Rabbati section 1 עץ הסדן); and frequently—ש׳(של) סדן, see סַדָּן.—בנות ש׳, see בַּת I.—plural שִׁקְמִים, שִׁקְמִין. Tosefta Shevi'ith 7, 11, see above; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 9, 38ᵈ bottom of the page; and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁקְמוֹנָה (the preceding) Shiḳmonah (Sycamore Field). Demai 1, 1 רימי ש׳ (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition שיקמה); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 21ᵈ top רימי שיקמא, see רִים. ↗ original

שִׁקְמוֹנִי (the preceding) of Shiḳmonah. Bava Bathra 119ᵃ; Sifré Numbers 114. ↗ original

שָׁקַע (Biblical Hebrew) to be depressed, sink, go down. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, 42ᶜ bottom of the page אם היה חותמה שׁוֹקֵעַ if the seal on it was engraven, opposite בולט; Tosefta Avodah Zarah V (6), 2; Babylonian Avodah Zarah 43ᵇ. Bereshith Rabbah section 19 (referring to לרוח היום, Genesis 3, 8) לרוח ששׁוֹקַעַת עם היום by the (western) wind that goes down with the day. the same place (ibid.) כל שהיום שוקע וכ׳ the more the day goes down, the cooler it grows. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, 3ᵈ top אחד צף ואחד שוקע וכ׳ one kind of poison floats, another settles etc. Mikvaoth 10, 1 צלוחית שפיה שוקע a bottle the mouth of which is turned down. Menachoth 103ᵇ, see Hithpa'el; and frequently to sink, let down. Bava Metzia 5, 7 מששְׁקָעוֹ בכבשן after he let the lime stones down into the kiln (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition משיִשְׁקַע כבשנו, or משיְשַׁקֵּעַ) when he has filled his kiln). Yalkut Shimoni Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 966, see שָׁלָה; and elsewhere—participle passive שָׁקוּעַ; feminine שְׁקוּעָה etc. Bechoroth 43ᵇ, see חָרַם. Shemoth Rabbah section 15²² והארץ ש׳ במים the earth was submerged in water. Sifra Thazr., Parah 5, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 15 (referring to פחתת, Leviticus 13, 55) שיהיו כל מראיה שְׁקוּעִין Rabad (edition שׁוֹקְעִין) that all its colors appear lower (see שַׁקִּיעַ; compare עָמוֹק); Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 553 שׁוֹקְעִין; and elsewhere—Bechoroth 7, 1 ראשו ש׳, see שָׁקוּט. Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁיקֵּעַ to sink, let down. Sanhedrin 6, 4 מְשַׁקְּעִין את הקורה וכ׳ they insert the trunk (of the gallows) in the ground. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 5, end, 49ᵇ כמה ממון שִׁיקְּעוּ אבותי כאן how much money have my ancestors sunk here (in building that synagogue)!; כמה נפשות שיקעו וכ׳ how many souls did thy ancestors sink here! were there no people to study the Law (on whom that money might have been spent)?; Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 8, end, 21ᵇ. Bava Metzia 5, 7 Yerushalmi (prefix) edition, see above; and elsewhere—Transferred toembody in a collection without regard to original wording, to edit, abridge. Yerushalmi (prefix) Horayoth 3, 48ᶜ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 16, 15ᶜ הדא דאת אמר עד שלא ש׳ בו רבי רוב משניות אבל משש׳ וכ׳ what you say (that the study of the Mishnah collection is preferable) refers to the time before Rabbi had embodied and abridged most of the Mishnayoth in his edition, but since then, run at all times after the Talmud (where the discussions are quoted in their original form).—participle passive מְשׁוּקָּע; feminine מְשׁוּקַּעַת; plural מְשׁוּקָּעִים, מְשׁוּקָּעִין; מְשׁוּקָּעוֹת. Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 15 מקצתה מש׳ בארץ part of the boat rests on dry land. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 2, beginning 8ᵇ במש׳ בו when the objeot is found stuck in it, opposite בנתון בו when it is seen that it was put there. Bereshith Rabbah section 33 שהיתה התיבה מש׳ במים וכ׳ that the ark was eleven cubits in the water. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 7, beginning 44ᵃ זרעו של דוד מש׳ שם the seed of David is sunk there (in the family of the Resh Galutha). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, 6ᵃ top כסא שרגליו מש׳ בטיט a chair the feet of which stick in the mud. Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 1, 76ᵈ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 2, 17ᵃ כמה … וכולהן מש׳ במשנה many Hălakhoth have been communicated to Moses from Sinai, and they all are embodied in the Mishnah; and elsewhere Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁקִיעַ to sink, let down. Bereshith Rabbah section 68 ה׳ הקב"ה גלגל וכ׳ the Lord caused the sun to set before its time. the same place (ibid.) מה אתה בצאתך הִשְׁקַעְתִּי חמה וכ׳ as I caused the sun to set when thou didst go out etc. Vayikra Rabbah section 21; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Aḥăre, p. 176ᵃ לעולם יַשְׁקִיעַ וכ׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word רתק: יְשַׁקֵּעַ or יִשְׁקַע) man should at all times sink himself into the study of the Mishnah, for when he knocks etc., see רָתַק. Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 5 עד שלא ה׳ שמשו … הזריח וכ׳ before God made the sun of Moses to set, he made the sun of Joshua to rise, see שֶׁמֶשׁ. the same place (ibid.) 4 היוצר הזה מַשְׁקִיעַ כבשונו מה שמשקיע וכ׳ the potter fills his oven; what he sinks into it first, is the last to come out; and frequently Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתַּקֵּע, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִשְׁתַּקֵּעַ to be sunk, drowned; to be mixed up beyond recognition. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 22 המִשְׁתַּקְּעִים שוקעים את שוקעיהן those that were to be drowned, drowned those that wanted to drown them. Ruth Rabbah to 1, 17 נ׳ … בחליו was three days unconscious on his sick-bed, opposite נתישבה דעתו he came to. Shemoth Rabbah section 15⁶ מִשְׁתַּקְּעִין בעונות וכ׳ are sunk in sins through the evil inclination. Ib.¹⁵ עד שנִשְׁתַּקְּעוּ תהומות until the depths were filled with water. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 8, beginning 51ᵃ והיו עולי רגלים משתקעין וכ׳ the pilgrims sank in blood up to their knees; Menachoth 103ᵇ שוקעין; Tosefta Eduy. 3, 2 מפקיעין בדם וכ׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (read: מְשׁוּקָּעִין; variant reading מְשַׁקְּעִין את ארכובותיהן). Arachin 6ᵇ עד שלא נ׳ שם וכ׳ as long as the name of its owner (that donated it) is not merged (but is still traceable). Kiddushin 75ᵃ עד שיִשְׁתַּקֵּעַ שם ע"א ממנו until the name of idolatry has disappeared from him (until his idolatrous ancestry is no longer traceable). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 1, 25ᵈ top משפחה שנ׳ בה פסול וכ׳ if a genealogical blemish is mixed up in a family, you must investigate it back to four mothers; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 4, 65ᵈ bottom of the page the same place (ibid.) מה נאשה ונִשְׁתַּקְּעוּ בהן גדולי הדור what can we do (with these families), since prominent men of the generation are mixed up with them? the same place (ibid.) חמשת … וכולם נשתקעו בכהונה וכ׳ Pashhur ben Imer had five thousand slaves, and they are all mixed up with high priestly families; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 8, 9ᵈ top; (Kiddushin 70ᵇ נטמעו). Tanchuma Noah 5 the Lord supported Noah שלא יִשְׁתַּקֵּעַ במעשה דור המבול lest he sink down in (the mud of) the deeds of the generation of the flood; and frequently to settle permanently, be naturalized. Sifré Deuteronomy 301 (referring to Deuteronomy 26, 5 ויגר) מלמד … להִשְׁתַּקֵּע אלא לגור שם this shows that he (Jacob) did not go down (to Egypt) to settle there as a citizen, but only to sojourn there. to be lost in forests, fields etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, end, 5ᵈ ובשעה שהוא משתקע וכ׳ but when one is lost, he may even trespass on a field of crocus; (Bava Kamma 81ᵃ תועה). Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth the passage cited; Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 5, 15ᵃ bottom of the page וראו … משתקע ובא כנגדן they saw R. J. b. P. having lost his way and coming (through fields) towards them. ↗ original

שְׁקַע Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 15, 10.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 29ᵃ bottom of the page רעדת … ושְׁקוֹעַת the earth shook and sank. Vayikra Rabbah section 5 חמי בגרמיה דש׳ באריסותיה when he sees that he is sinking (going back) in his tenancy. Vayikra Rabbah section 17 שָׁקִיעַ ביתא, see לְוַט. Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁקַּע to sink, insert, immerse, cover. Targum Onkelos Exodus 25, 7. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 4, 20 (Hebrew text בלע).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᵃ bottom of the page כד מְשַׁקַּע, see באנטרין. Menachoth 96ᵃ קנים שַׁקּוּעֵי משקע להו as to the staves, he may have stuck them (into the bread before it was baked). Avodah Zarah 75ᵇ חזי … לשַׁקּוּעֵיה he saw that the gentile (that pawned it) intended to forfeit it; and elsewhere—participle passive מְשַׁקַּע inlaid; engraven. Targum 2 Esther 1, 2 (some edition מְשֻׁקַּע Hebraism). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 25, 33, and the following מְשַׁקְּעִין (Hebrew text משקדים). Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּקַּע, Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׁתְּקַע to sink, go down; to be immersed, flooded. Targum Onkelos Exodus 15, 10. Targum Jeremiah 51, 64. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 29, 22. Targum Amos 9, 5. the same place (ibid.) 8, 8; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁקַעֲרוּרוֹת cavities, depressions. Vayikra Rabbah section 17, see לְוַט. Sifra M’tsorʿa, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 3, Parah 6 (referring to Leviticus 14, 37) ש׳ שוקעות במראיהן (not כמר׳) sh’ḳaʿaruroth means ‘appearing to be sunk in’; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 566 שוקעות מראיהן (correct accordingly). ↗ original

שָׁקַף 1 to bend, arch.—Denom. שְׁקוֹף, מַשְׁקוֹף. Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׁקַף [to be bent towards,] to look out; to face, be seen. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, beginning 81ᶜ (in a riddle) משמים נִשְׁקָפָה she (the soul?) looks down from heaven. Bamidbar Rabbah section 19²⁶ (referring to Numbers 21, 20) העומד … והוא הבאר הנִשְׁקָף וכ׳ he that stands on the face (plateau) of Jeshimon sees something in the sea (of Tiberias) …, and this is the well (of Miriam) which is seen from Jeshimon; (see Vayikra Rabbah section 22; Koheleth Rabbah to 5, 8; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᶜ bottom of the page). Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁקִיף to look, contemplate. Berachoth 29ᵃ top ה׳ בה שתים וכ׳ he thought over it (trying to recall it) two or three minutes. (denominative of שְׁקוֹף) to arch, curve, diminish the width of. Bereshith Rabbah section 31 והיה מַשְׁקִיף בה ועולה וכ׳ and he curved it (the wall of the ark) as he went up etc., see קַמְרוֹטוֹן; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 54. ↗ original

שָׁקַף 2 (Shaf. of נ־קף, compare סְקַף 2) to bring in close contact, to knock. Nedarim 55ᵃ (referring to Numbers 21, 19) כיון שנחלו אל … ולא עוד אלא ששׁוֹקְפִין אותו בקרקע Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition ששוקעין, correct accordingly, see Rashi ad loc. (on the passage)) when God gives a man possession (of the Law), he rises to greatness; but if he raises himself, the Lord will lower him, and moreover, they will knock him down in the ground (play on ונשקפה Numbers the passage cited 20). Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁקִיף to shut fast. Devarim Rabbah section 11 הַשְׁקֵף עיניך זה על גב זה וה׳ וכ׳ shut thy eyes, one (eyelid) upon the other. and he did etc.; (Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 940 הַשְׁכֵּב … והִשְׁכִּיב). ↗ original

שְׁקַף to knock, smite together, strike. Targum Onkelos Numbers 24, 10, see סְקַף 2. Targum Esther 6, 1. Targum Isaiah 25, 4; and elsewhere (of the wind) to knock about, blast, drive about (corresp. to Hebrew שדף a. נדף).—participle passive שָׁקִיף, שְׁקִיף; feminine שְׁקִיפָא; plural שְׁקִיפִין; שְׁקִיפַן. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 26, 36. Targum Genesis 41, 6; 23; 27; and elsewhere Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁקֵּיף, , Af. אַשְׁקֵיף same. Targum I Samuel 2, 10 (Hebrew text ירעם). Targum Job 32, 13 (Hebrew text ידפנו). Targum Psalms 1, 4; and elsewhere—participle passive מְשַׁקַּף or מַשְׁקַף. Avodah Zarah 28ᵇ דלא מ׳ Munich manuscript (edition מִשְּׁקִיף, Ithpeel) (wool) that has not been beaten (hatchelled). (compare the preceding Hif'il) to shut.—participle passive as ab. Vayikra Rabbah section 5 תרעא מ׳ וכ׳ (some edition משקיף) she finds the door shut, and she opens it. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּקַּף to be knocked about, driven off (by the wind). Targum Psalms 68, 3 היכמא די שְׁקִיף … יִשְׁתּקְּפוּן (not ישקפון) as the smoke is driven, so shall they be driven. ↗ original

שַׁקְפָא (see שָׁקף I, a. סְקוֹף)lintel, threshold. Targum Onkelos Exodus 12, 7; 22, and the following Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 25, 8 (see Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 28ᵈ bottom of the page, quoted under the word שְׁקוֹף).—plural שִׁקְפַיָּא, שִׁקְפַיָּיה, שְׁקוֹפַ׳. Targum I Chronicles 9, 19; 22 (Hebrew text ספים). the same place (ibid.) 26, 15; 17 (Hebrew text אספים). ↗ original

שִׁקְפָא = שְׁקִיפָא, cleft, overhanging rock. Bereshith Rabbah section 12; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 862, see טַפְזָא. ↗ original

שָׁקַץ see קוּץ) to loathe.—Denom. שֶׁקֶץ. Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁיקֵּץ to abominate, detest, make abominable. Makkoth 16ᵇ, and elsewhere עובר משום לא תְשַׁקְּציּ transgresses the law, ‘ye shall not make yourselves abominable’ (Leviticus 20, 25).—participle passive מְשׁוּקָּץ. Yevamoth 63ᵇ שאין לך מש׳ ומתועב וכ׳ for none is more detested and abhorred before the Lord than he that walks naked etc. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 9 (referring to Psalms 106, 20) אין לך מנוול ומש׳ וכ׳ nothing is so repulsive and disgusting as a grass-eating ox; and elsewhere Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתַּקֵּץ to become loathsome, abominable. Pesikta Rabbati section 31 והיו מִשְׁתַּקְּצוֹת וכ׳, see עָזַב. ↗ original

שְׁקַץ Pa'el שַׁקֵּץ as the preceding Pi'el Targum Deuteronomy 7, 26. Targum Leviticus 11, 43; and frequently—participle passive מְשַׁקַּץ. Targum Isaiah 28, 8 (not מְשַׁקֵּץ; some edition מְשֻׁקַּץ, Hebraism). ↗ original

שֶׁקֶץ the preceding) abomination, abominable thing, especially (see Leviticus 20, 25) unclean animal. Tosefta Niddah 2, 3 מכאן … כיונק ש׳ after that (after the child is twenty-four months old) it is like sucking unclean matter; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 49ᵇ; Kethuboth 60ᵃ.—plural שְׁקָצִים. Niddah 3, 2 ש׳ ורמשים forbidden animals and reptiles. Sanhedrin 8, 2 ש׳ ורמשים all kinds of forbidden food; and frequently ↗ original

שִׁקְצָא Targum Leviticus 11, 10. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 7, 26; and frequently—plural שִׁקְצֵי, שִׁי׳. Berachoth 56ᵃ ורעיי בך ש׳ וכ׳ and they make thee pasture unclean animals with a golden staff. ↗ original

שָׁקַק (see שׁוּק I) to desire. Bereshith Rabbah section 44 (play on משק, Genesis 15, 2) that is Lot, שנפשו שׁוֹקֶקֶת עליו וכ׳ whose soul within him longs to be my heir. Hithpol. הִשְׁתּוֹקֵק ; Nithpol. נִשְׁתּוֹקֵק, see שׁוּק I. ↗ original

שָׁקָק (see שׁוּק 3) open place surrounded by groups of buildings. Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 ועל כל ש׳ וש׳ וכ׳ (העיר) each place (in Jerusalem) had twenty-four courts.—plural שְׁקָקִים. the same place (ibid.) ועל כל שוק … ש׳ each street had twenty-four places. ↗ original

שְׁקָק , place, street. Koheleth Rabbah to 10, 8 דכיתיה (ל)ש׳ פלן hast thou cleaned such and such a place?; Bereshith Rabbah section 79 שוק. Bereshith Rabbah section 17 שְׁקָקֵיה דר׳ וכ׳ the square in which R. J. the Galilean lived (Vayikra Rabbah section 34 שכונתיה); and frequently—plural שְׁקָקַיָּא, שְׁקָקֵי. Targum Proverbs 1, 20. the same place (ibid.) 7, 12; and elsewhere—Bereshith Rabbah the passage cited מחזרא ליה על ש׳ דקרתא she led him around (begging) to all the places of the city. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᶜ חכים אנא בש׳ שמיא כש׳ וכ׳ I know the streets of heaven as well as the streets of Nehardea (see שְׁבִילָא). Bereshith Rabbah section 44 אחוי ליה שׁוֹקְקֵי שמיא he showed him (Abraham) the streets of heaven; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 76 שקקי שמ׳ (not שקקי׳). ↗ original

שָׂקַר , see סָקר 2 ↗ original

שָׁקַר (Biblical Hebrew) to be false. Bereshith Rabbah section 85, beginning שָׁקַרְתָּ יהודה thou hast been false, O Judah; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 144; Yalkut Shimoni Malachi 589. Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁיקֵּר same, same, to lie; to defraud.—מה לי לשַׁקּר what reason should I have for making a false statement?, i.e. a person’s statement is to be credited, when he gains nothing by it, since he might have obtained the same advantage in another way. Kiddushin 64ᵇ אמרינן מה לי לשקר וכ׳ we apply the principle that we believe him, because he gains nothing by falsehood: for, why should he have said so? In order to release her from leviratical marriage after his death? If so, he might have said to her: I release thee by a divorce. the same place (ibid.) מה לי לש׳ כי עדים דמי a person’s statement accepted on the ground that he had no reason for lying, has the same legal value as the statement of witnesses; מה לי לש׳ כי חזקה דמי it has only the same value as a presumption (חֲזָקָה). Kethuboth 27ᵇ מה לי לש׳ אי בעי וכ׳ we must believe him, for, if he had wanted, he might have said etc. the same place (ibid.) מה לי לש׳ במקום עדים וכ׳ we do not apply the principle of mah li l’shaḳḳer, when the person’s statement is contradicted by witnesses (by well-known facts); Bava Metzia 81ᵇ; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 11, 30ᶜ top (explained כחש לו, I Kings 13, 18) שי׳ בו (not ביה) he played him false; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 5 שי׳ לו; the same place (ibid.) ומה שי׳ לו שהאכילהו וכ׳ and wherein did he play him false? In that he gave him the bread of deceit to eat (made him the recipient of treacherous hospitality). Bamidbar Rabbah section 20¹⁸; Tanchuma Balak 12 מְשַׁקֵּר במשקלות, see מִשְׁקָל; and frequently to prove false; to contradict, refute. Makkoth 5ᵃ (referring to Deuteronomy 19, 18) עד שתְּשַׁקֵּר גופה וכ׳ until thou disprovest the body of the testimony (provest an alibi of the witnesses). Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתַּקֵּר, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִשְׁתַּקֵּר to be refuted, be proved to be a liar. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, beginning 31ᵃ [read:] עדים שנזדממו וחזרו ונִשְׁתַּקְּרוּ if witnesses against whom an alibi had been proved were also proved to have told a falsehood (as to the fact to which they testified). ↗ original

שְׁקַר 1 Targum Malachi 2, 10 (edition Vilna edition Pa.). Targum Joshua 22, 16; 22; 31; and elsewhere—Yevamoth 55ᵇ, see שַׁקָּרָא. Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁקֵּר same. Targum Onkelos Genesis 21, 23 (Yerushalmi (prefix) Pe.). Targum Psalms 44, 18; and frequently—Gittin 57ᵃ שַׁקּוּרֵי מְשַׁקְּרִיתוּ you tell a falsehood. Taanith 9ᵇ כי היכי דמְשַׁקְּרֵי … משקרי וכ׳ as the Babylonians are deceivers, so their rains are, see מִטְרָא. Rosh Hashanah 22ᵇ לא משקרי וכ׳, see גְּלֵי; and frequently ↗ original

שַׁקָּר (the preceding) liar.—plural שַׁקָּרִים, שַׁקָּרִין. Sotah 42ᵃ; Yalkut Shimoni Hosea 524, see שַׁקְרָן. ↗ original

שֶׁקֶר the preceding) lie, falsehood, vanity. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 11, 30ᶜ top מי שהאכיל … לחם ש׳ he that offered to his friend bread of falsehood (treacherous hospitality, see שָׁקַר), opposite לחם אמת true hospitality. Shevuoth 21ᵃ שבועת ש׳ נשבע להחליף a false oath is, if one swears to what is the opposite of true (that something happened which has not happened etc.), (modified) נשבע ומחליף he swears (vows that he will or will not do a certain thing), and does the opposite. Makkoth 3ᵃ עדות ש׳ העדתי I have given false testimony. Vayikra Rabbah section 6 המשביע … לש׳ וכ׳ he who lets his neighbor swear in vain (when he knows that he has no claim), shall finally leave his house empty-handed; R. A. says על ש׳ וכ׳ if he lets him swear to what he knows to be a lie; R. J. says, even if he lets him swear to a truth. Shabbath 104ᵃ, see קְרֵב; and very frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Makkoth 1, beginning 31ᵃ עדים שנזדממו … ש׳ ש׳ when witnesses have been convicted of an alibi, R. J. says, we draw an analogy between sheḳer (Exodus 20, 16) and sheḳer (Deuteronomy 19, 18), i.e. they must suffer corporal punishment in addition to pecuniary penalty.—plural שְׁקָרִים. Bereshith Rabbah section 8 אל יברא שכולו ש׳ let man not be created, for he will be full of falsehoods; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁקַר Targum I Samuel 12, 3 ממון דש׳ (Hebrew text כפר). the same place (ibid.) 15, 29. Targum Onkelos Exodus 20, 7 (Hebrew text שוא). Targum the same place (ibid.) 13; and frequently—Shabbath 104ᵃ (see קְרֵב) ש׳ שכיח וכ׳ lie is frequent, truth rare. the same place (ibid.) קושטא קאי ש׳ וכ׳ truth stands firm, falsehood does not. Bava Bathra 82ᵃ, and frequently מחזי כש׳ it looks like a lie. Vayikra Rabbah section 26; Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 24; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 139 עלמא דש׳, see עַלְמָא. the same place (ibid.) מלין דש׳ words of falsehood; Vayikra Rabbah the passage cited מלין שַׁקָּרִין. Sukkah 46ᵇ לא … דאתי לאגמוריה ש׳ one should not say to a child, I shall give thee something, and not give it, because he may teach him falsehood; and frequently—plural שִׁקְרִין, שִׁי׳. Targum Psalms 101, 7. Targum Jeremiah 23, 32; and elsewhere—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 6, 23ᵇ bottom of the page, see next word] ↗ original

שַׁקָּרָא = Hebrew שַׁקָּר, liar; faithless, faithless man. Yevamoth 55ᵇ או איהו שקראי או אנא שַׁקְרִי either he is a liar, or I lied (misreporting R. Johanan).—plural שַׁקָּרִין, שַׁקָּרֵי, שָׁקְ׳. Targum Zephaniah, Book of 3, 4 (edition Vilna edition שָׁ׳). Targum Jeremiah 9, 1 (not שִׁקְרִין). Targum Isaiah 26, 10 (edition Vilna edition שַׁקְ׳).—Vayikra Rabbah section 26, see the preceding Sotah 35ᵃ מרגלים ש׳ הוו the spies were liars (drew on their imagination). Sanhedrin 29ᵃ סהדי ש׳ אאוגרייהו זילי false witnesses are despised by their own employers; Yalkut Shimoni Kings 222. Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 688 מרי סהדי שקרין אנן my lord, we are false witnesses; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 6, 23ᵇ bottom of the page מרי שיקרין (correct accordingly). ↗ original

שַׁקְרָן (the preceding) liar. Bereshith Rabbah section 50 אם יאמר … ש׳ הוא if one tells thee, the morning star is the same as the morning dawn (אַיַּילְתָּא), he is a liar. Echah Rabbah to 4, 2; and elsewhere—plural שַׁקְרָנִים, שַׁקְרָנִין. Sanhedrin 103ᵃ (Sotah 42ᵃ שַׁקָּרִים). ↗ original

שַׁקְרָנָא Bereshith Rabbah section 47, end ש׳ את כזבנא את thou art a liar, thou art a deceiver (misrepresenting Abraham). ↗ original

שִׁקְשֵׁק , transpos. of קִשְׁקֵשׁ, see קִשְׁקֵשׁ I ↗ original

שֹׁקֶת , plural שִׁקְתוֹת, see שׁוֹקֶת. ↗ original

שקתא , Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 5, 22ᵈ bottom of the page דשקתא, see דִּיסְתְּקָא ↗ original

שַׁקְתֵי , see שַׁקְיָא ↗ original

שֵׁר Tower of Sher (or Shed), Straton’s Tower (see Hildesh. Sachs, Beitrage p. 4 and the following). Sifré Deuteronomy 51 מדבר שרשך דור, read: מגדל שר שן דור; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 874 מגדל שרשן דירו (correct accordingly); Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 6, 36ᶜ top מגדל שיד. ↗ original

שַׂר prince, chief.; שר (של מעלה) guardian angel, genius. Zevachim 116ᵇ שר ונגיד a prince or a nobleman. Yevamoth 16ᵇ שר העולם the genius of the universe; Chullin 60ᵃ. Shemoth Rabbah section 22 נטל הקב"ה שר שלהם וכ׳ the Lord took first their (the Egyptians’) guardian angel and drowned him. Pesachim 118ᵃ שר הברד, see יוּרְקָמִי. the same place (ibid.) אני שר של אש I (Gabriel) am the angel of fire. Bava Bathra 74ᵇ שר של ים the angel of the sea. Mechilta Beshallach, Shir., section 2 כיון שראו שָׂרָהּ של מלכות נופל (not נופלת) when they saw the genius of the (Egyptian) empire fallen; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 243; and very frequently—plural שָׂרִים. the same place (ibid.) אין … משָׂרֵיהֶן תחלה the Lord will not punish governments, unless he have punished their guardian angels first. Bereshith Rabbah section 78, beginning מיכאל … שהם ש׳ של מעלה Michael and Gabriel who are the princes on high. Yalkut Shimoni the passage cited קרא … לכל שָׂרֵי האומות the Lord summoned all the tutelary angels of the nations. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 8, 14 ש׳ של מעלה the princes on high (angels); ש׳ של מטה the earthly (human) governors. the same place (ibid.) (play on הרי בשמים, the same place (ibid.)) המתינו לי … על הריהם שהם שָׂרֵיהֶם שנתונים אצלי בַּשָּׁמַיִם (not שנתונות) wait until I shall have sat in judgment over their mounts, that is, their chiefs that are placed with me in heaven; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 98 גני ש׳, see גִּינֵּיסַר.—Fem. שָׂרָה. Tosefta Berachoth 1, 12 (referring to Genesis 17, 15) בתחלה הרי היא ש׳ על עמה ועכשיו הרי היא ש׳ על אומות העולם edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading שָׂרַי על עמה … על כל באי העולם, see edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) note) at first she was a princess of her own people, and now she is a princess for the nations of the world (for all that enter into the world); Berachoth 13ᵃ שרי לאומתה … ש׳ לכל העולם. ↗ original

שָׂרָא Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 7, 25ᵈ גזר … על שרה דימא וכ׳ R. J. commanded the chief of the sea, and he swallowed them up. Vayikra Rabbah section 5 שידא שָׂרֵיהוֹן וכ׳, see רוּחָא; and elsewhere ↗ original

שֵׁרָא , see שֵׁיר, שֵׁירָא. ↗ original

שְׁרָא , see שְׁרֵי ↗ original

שְׂרָאכָא , see שְׂרָכָא ↗ original

שָׁרַב (Shaf. of חרב) to glow, be dry. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתָּרֵב to be overcome by the heat. Sifra K’dosh. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 3, Parah 2 (referring to Leviticus 19, 14) אל תאמר … שׁיִשְׁתָּרֵב do not advise him … ‘go on the road at noon-time’, that he may be overcome by the heat; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 609. ↗ original

שְׁרֵב , to glow, burn, be dry. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Exodus 3, 3.—participle שְׁרִיב; feminine שְׁרִיבְתָּא, שְׁרִבְ׳; plural שְׁרִיבִין; שְׁרִיבָן. Targum Proverbs 17, 1 (Hebrew text חרבה).—Bereshith Rabbah section 48 שמשא ש׳ (some edition שרב), see קָרִיר 2. the same place (ibid.) טולא ושמשא ש׳ כחדא shade and sun are equally hot.—[Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 8, 1 אשתרבו, see שְׁדַךְ.—Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 166 אישתרבו, see שַׁרְבֵּב I.] ↗ original

שָׁרָב the preceding) heat of the sun, dry heat. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 29ᵇ top אם ברורה בטל … בש׳ whether he meant a clear day with dew or a clear day with dry heat. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 14, beginning 14ᵇ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 12 (13), 5; Babylonian Shabbath 106ᵇ בשעת הש׳ at the time of dry heat (midday), opposite בשעת הטל. Tanchuma Sh’laḥ 12; Bamidbar Rabbah section 16²⁰ עד שלא בא הש׳ וכ׳ before the heat (of noon) came, you flew off (faded). Bereshith Rabbah section 82 (referring to כברת הארץ, Genesis 35, 16) כבר הבר … והש׳ לא בא the grain was already plentiful, and the rainy season past, but the dry season had not come yet (so that the ground was impassable). Vayikra Rabbah section 34⁸ (referring to Ruth 2, 14) שכן דרך … בשעת הש׳ for that is the way of the harvesters, to dip their bread in vinegar at the hot time of the day. Vayikra Rabbah section 16 תשעים ותשע בש׳ וכ׳ ninety-nine persons die from the effects of heat to one by the hand of heaven. Echah Rabbah to 1, 6; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁרַב Targum Isaiah 4, 6 (Hebrew text חרב). the same place (ibid.) 25, 4 מִשְּׁ׳ (edition Vilna edition מַשְׁרָב, correct accordingly). Targum Onkelos Genesis 31, 40 (edition Berlin edition שָׁרְבָא, edition Vienna edition שַׁרְ׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) שְׁרִיבָא). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2 the same place (ibid.) 8, 22 שורבא (Hebrew text חֹם); and frequently—Vayikra Rabbah section 16 תשתזיב מן ש׳ mayest thou be saved from the effects of the heat; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 29ᶜ bottom of the page ישזבינך מן הדין ש׳ וכ׳ may God save thee from the heat that goes out over the world; and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁרְבֵּב (Shaf. of רבב) to enlarge, prolong. Berachoth 54ᵇ (referring to Psalms 3, 8) א"ת שִׁבַּרְתָּ אלא שִׁרְבַּבְתָּ read not shibbarta (thou breakest) but shirbabhta thou prolongest (the teeth of the wicked, referring to Og whose teeth grew into the mountain which he was carrying); Shemoth Rabbah section 1²³; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 625; Megillah 15ᵇ שריבבת; Sotah 12ᵇ שריבבתה (read: שִׁירְבַּבְ׳). Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתַּרְבֵּב, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִשְׁתַּרְבֵּב to be enlarged. Bechoroth 40ᵃ (explained שרוע, Leviticus 21, 18) שנ׳ לו יריכו (Rashi שנִשְׁתַּרְבְּבָה יריכו) a person whose one hip is enlarged (larger than the other). Sotah 35ᵃ נ׳ לשונם וכ׳ their tongues were prolonged so as to reach down to their navel; Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 745. ↗ original

שַׁרְבֵּב 1 , to prolong, let hang down; to let down. Targum Jeremiah 38, 6; 11.—Shabbath 147ᵇ כי מעבריתו … שַׁרְבִּיבוּ להו וכ׳ when you have to carry garments for the soldiers (on the Sabbath), let them hang down over your shoulders (so as to serve as garments for yourselves). Eruvin 102ᵇ שַׁרְבֵּיב בגלימיה טפח (not בגלימי; edition Soncino אישתרבב בגלימיה, read: א׳ גלימיה; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 200) if a person lets his cloak trail one handbreadth. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּרְבֵּב to be enlarged, prolonged. Sotah 12ᵇ [read:] אִישְׁתַּרְבְּבָא אִישְׁתַּרְבּוּבֵי (her arm) was prolonged (by a miracle, so that she could reach the infant Moses); Shemoth Rabbah section 1²³ אישתרבובי אִשְׁתַּרְבּוּב they (her arms) were prolonged; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 166 אישתרבב אישתרבו (correct accordingly). to be let down; to trail; to spread. Targum 2 Chronicles 7, 3; 10.—Sanhedrin 24ᵃ לבבל נחית ואישתרבובי דאי׳ לעילם it (the measure of pride) came down to Babylonia, but was dragged along to Elam; Yalkut Shimoni Zechariah 573 ואי׳ להתם. Betzah 11ᵃ אשתרבובי אשתרבוב ונחות they (the pigeons in the upper nest) dragged themselves along and came down (to the lower nest). ↗ original

שַׁרְבֵּב 2 (seeשְׁרַב) to heat. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּרְבֵּב to be heated. Targum Job 6, 17. ↗ original

שִׁרְבֵּט (denominative of שַׁרְבִיט) to stretch, stiffen. Bava Metzia 60ᵇ אין מְשַׁרְבִּיטִין את הבהמה you dare not give an animal a deceptive appearance of stiffness (or stoutness); explained the same place (ibid.) מיא דחיזרא (see חִיזְרָא 2), or מַזְקַפְתָּא which see; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 29 מְשַׁרְבְּטִין (see סָרַט Pi'el). Kethuboth 61ᵇ ומְשַׁרְבֵּט את השפתים and makes the lips stiff (swollen, see סָרַח I); see שִׁלְבֵּק.—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᶜ top משרבטין בבהמה בעורות וכ׳, read: משרטטין בעורות, see שִׁרְטֵט.] ↗ original

שַׁרְבֵּט Shabbath 94ᵃ בהמה … דמְשַׁרְבְּטֵי נפשייהו וכ׳ cattle … which stiffen themselves (when they are carried and are a real burden), but a live human being etc. ↗ original

שַׁרְבִיט , see שֵׁבֶט) staff, sceptre, rod. Sanhedrin 2, 5 ואין משתמשין בשַׁרְבִיטוֹ and we dare not use his (the king’s) sceptre. Arachin 19ᵃ, see כָּפַף. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 16 אין שרביטו … שלבם וכ׳ God’s rod (of chastisement) comes down only upon men whose heart is soft like lilies; and frequently shoot, twig, stem with pods, bunch. Tosefta Kilayim 1, 10. ʿUktsin 1, 5 ש׳ של תמרה שריקנו a twig of a date tree which was stripped of its dates. the same place (ibid.) וכן בקטניות ש׳ שריקנו and so in the case of summer fruits, if they emptied the pods on a stem. ↗ original

שַׁרְבִיטָא Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 27, 32 (Hebrew text שבט). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 21, 20.—plural שַׁרְבִיטִין, שַׁרְבִיטַיָּא, שַׁרְבִיטֵי. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 40, 12 (Hebrew text שָׂרִגִים). Targum I Kings 12, 11; Targum 2 Chronicles 10, 11 (Hebrew text שוטים). ↗ original

שְׁרַבְרוּבִי (see שְׁרַב a. שַׁרְבֵּב 2) dry heat. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 5, 48ᵈ אית ביה ש׳, see קְרַר I. the same place (ibid.) ועד היכן שְׁרַבְרוּבִיתֵיה מטייה and how far its dry heat reaches. ↗ original

שְׂרַג (שְׁ׳) = סְרַג, (compare סֵירוּג) to skip, to leap. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 11, 21 למֵישְׁרַג (probably to be read with שׂ; Hebrew text לנתר). to pile up bricks with interspaces (see אַוָּארָא). Betzah 31ᵇ שַׂרְגִּינְהִי ודאי וכ׳ (or שָׂ׳ Pa'el) if he has piled them up, he has surely made them unavailable (מוּקְצֶה). Bava Bathra 3ᵇ שַׂרְגֵי ליבני Munich manuscript variant reading, a. Rashi (edition שְׂרִיגֵי; Munich manuscript רמן; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note), see הוּדְרָא. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׂתְּרַג to be entangled. Shabbath 54ᵃ דמִשְׂתַּרְגָּא בה וכ׳, see כַּבְלָא. ↗ original

שְׁרַג = שְׁרַק, to glide, slip. Chullin 111ᵃ מִשְׁרַג שָׁרֵיג Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Manuscript Rome 2 (edition משרק שריק), see שְׁרַק 2.—Bava Metzia 93ᵃ שריג חד וכ׳ (Manuscript Hamburg שוור, see the preceding) one of the animals slipped and fell etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 130 שְׁרוֹג. Pa'el פִּעֵל שָׁרֵיג same. Nazir 39ᵃ שָׁרוּגֵי שְׁרִיגָא ואזלא (not ואזיל; Rashi שרוגי קא מִשְׁתָּרְגָא) it may have slid further and further (to the top of the hair). Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתָּרֵג same, see above. ↗ original

שִׂרְגָא (שְׂרַג) ש׳ דליבני pile of bricks. Sanhedrin 64ᵇ (Manuscript Rome שי׳); Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 597. Kiddushin 60ᵃ, see שְׁוֵי. ↗ original

שְׁרָגָא (שרג Shaf. of חרג to break through; compare Arab. sharḳu ortus solis, lux solis) light, lamp, lantern. Targum Psalms 119, 105. Targum Proverbs 31, 18. the same place (ibid.) 6, 23. the same place (ibid.) 21, 4 (Hebrew text נִר). Targum Job 21, 17; and frequently—Shabbath 63ᵃ, and elsewhere ש׳ בטיהרא, see טִיהֲרָא. Sukkah 29ᵃ ש׳ במטללתא an (earthen) lamp may remain in the Succah. Betzah 22ᵃ זקף ליה ש׳ Munich manuscript (edition זקף לה לש׳) he put the lamp up (from its declining position, to make the oil flow away from the wick); and elsewhere—plural שְׁרָגַיָּא, שְׁרָגֵי, שְׁרַגֵּ׳. Targum I Chronicles 8, 33.—Gittin 57ᵃ אדליקו ש׳ עד וכ׳ they kindled lights (illuminated) so that etc., see בִּלְיוֹנָא. Shabbath 23ᵇ דהוה רגיל בש׳ טובא (Munich manuscript דהוו רגילי בשרגא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note, a. Tosafoth ad loc. (on the passage)) that he was (they were) wont to have many (Sabbath) lights; and elsewhere ↗ original

שַׁרְגֵּג (Parel of שגג) to go astray. Targum Proverbs 5, 20 (Hebrew text שגה). to lead astray, entice. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 22, 15. Targum Psalms 78, 36; and frequently Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּרְגֵּג to be led astray, enticed. Targum Proverbs 24, 28 edition Lagarde edition (edition Vilna edition, a. manuscript ותשרגג). the same place (ibid.) 25, 15. Targum Job 31, 9. ↗ original

שַׁרְגּוּגָא , see שַׁרְגִּיגָא ↗ original

שַׁרְגּוּשָׁא (רְגַשׁ, Shaf.) [stirrer,] pot-ladle.— plural שַׁרְגּוּשֵׁי. Eruvin 29ᵇ תרי ש׳ two ladlefuls. ↗ original

שַׁרְגִּיגָא (שַׁרְגֵּג) one easily enticed, simple (corresp. to Hebrew פֶּתִי).—plural שַׁרְגִּיגַיָּא, שַׁרְגִּיגֵי. Targum Psalms 116, 6 (edition Lagarde edition שַׁרְגּוּ׳). the same place (ibid.) 119, 130. ↗ original

שרגיון , see סִיגָּרוֹן ↗ original

שָׂרַד (Biblical Hebrew), Pi'el שֵׂרֵד (denominative of שָׂרִיד) to leave over. Yoma 72ᵇ ומְשָׂרְרִין וכ׳ (Munich manuscript, a. Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 390 משיירין), see גָּרַד. Bava Metzia 113ᵇ משרדין variant reading in Rashi, see סָרַר. ↗ original

שרדנגין , see שדרגזין ↗ original

שָׂרָה masculine Chaldaic (Aramaic), see שָׂרָא ↗ original

שָׂרָה ² (Biblical Hebrew) princess, see שַׂר. proper noun of a female person Sarah, a) wife of Abraham. Berachoth 13ᵃ ש׳ היא שרי Sarah and Sarai have the same meaning. Sanhedrin 39ᵇ עדין … יופי של ש׳ she had not yet attained to half the beauty of Sarah. Bereshith Rabbah section 39 אברהם … וש׳ וכ׳ Abraham convented the men, and Sarah the women; and very frequently—b) Gittin 34ᵇ ופורתא ש׳, see פֹּורְתָּא. ↗ original

שָׁרָה , see שרי ↗ original

שֵׁרוּ , see שֵׁירוּ ↗ original

שָׁרוֹבָא (שְׁרַב) hot and dry soil; [mirage?]. Targum Isaiah 35, 7. ↗ original

שַׁרְוָול workingman’s leather sleeve; [other opinion in Rabbenu Shimshon: chest protector in hot weather (as if derived from שרב)].—plural שַׁרְוָולִים, שַׁרְוָולִין, שַׁרְוָלִ׳. Kelim 26, 3 שרוו׳ Mishnah (Talmud edition שרול׳). [5. Fraenkel, Aram. Fremdw., p. 47.] ↗ original

שַׁרְוָותָא , see שָׁרִיתָא ↗ original

שָׁרוּי , see שָׁרָה ↗ original

שֵׁרוּי , see sub שֵׁיר׳. ↗ original

שַׁרְוָל , see שַׁרְוָול ↗ original

שָׁרוֹן (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun Sharon, plain along the Mediterranean coast from Japho to Carmel. Vayikra Rabbah section 20 על אחינו שבש׳ וכ׳ for our brethren in Sharon (the high priest prayed,) that their houses might not become their graves; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 5, 42ᶜ top על אנשי הש׳. Sotah 8, 3 אף הבונה … בש׳ לא היה חוזר he also who built a brick-house in Sharon was not excused from the army; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 23ᵃ top אף אנשי הש׳ לא היו וכ׳ the men of Sh. were not excused, because their houses had to be renovated twice in every Sabbatical period; Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 44ᵃ. Tosefta Menachoth 9, 13; Menachoth 87ᵃ עגלים מש׳ calves (for public sacrifices) were brought from Sh.; and elsewhere—Denom. שָׁרוֹנִי. Kilayim 2, 6, see עוֹל. Niddah 2, 7; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 3 יין הש׳ Sharon (red) wine. ↗ original

שֵׂרוּף , see שֵׂירוּף ↗ original

שָׂרוֹק reddish, sorrel. — plural שְׂרוּקִּים. Sanhedrin 93ᵃ מלאים רוגז נעשים ש׳ ואדומים וכ׳ those who, filled with anger, had become sorrel and red, turned white. Yalkut Shimoni Zechariah 568. ↗ original

שרורת , Targum Psalms 107, 42 manuscript, see שְׁוַור ↗ original

שֵׁרוּת , see sub שֵׁיר׳.—[Targum Onkelos Genesis 19, 8 שֵׁרוּתִי edition Vienna edition, see שָׁרִיתָא.] ↗ original

שָׁרוּתָא , see שָׁרִיתָא ↗ original

שֶׂרַח , see סֶרַח ↗ original

שָׂרַט see סָרַט) to scratch, wound, see סָרַט; especially to wound one’s body in mourning. Makkoth 3, 5 השׂוֹרֵט שריטה וכ׳ he who makes one incision for a dead person. the same place (ibid.) ש׳ שריטה וכ׳ if a person makes one incision for five dead or five incisions for one dead person. the same place (ibid.) 20ᵇ יכול אפי׳ ש׳ על ביתו וכ׳ you may think that one is guilty even if he cuts himself for his house that fell in etc.; and elsewhere Pi'el פִּעֵל שֵׂרֵט same. the same place (ibid.) 21ᵃ המְשָׂרֵט בכלי if one wounds himself with an instrument (instead of with his nails); and frequently ↗ original

שרט , Targum Isaiah 38, 21 וישורטון edition Vilna edition, see שְׁטַר ↗ original

שִׁרְטוּט , see שִׁירְטוּט ↗ original

שֵׂרָטוֹן (שָׂרַט; compare סַרְטָן) [scrapings,] sandbank, alluvial land. Shabbath 56ᵇ; Sanhedrin 21ᵇ בשעה … והעלה ש׳ ועליו וכ׳ when Solomon married Pharaoh’s daughter, Gabriel went down and stuck a reed into the sea, and it gathered a bank around it, on which the great city of Rome was built; Yalkut Shimoni Kings 172; (Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 39ᶜ שלעטיט). Eruvin 8ᵃ ש׳ (הים) שמא יעלה (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) notes 5, a. 10) the sea (river) may throw up alluvium (may recede). Berachoth 60ᵃ (in Chaldaic (Aramaic) dict.) אע"ג … דמסקא ארעא ש׳ (Munich manuscript a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) סרטון) although the loss of land through the encroachment of the water may be an advantage to him, because the land is covered with alluvium and improves, yet for the moment it is a misfortune to him. Bava Bathra 124ᵃ ארעא ואסקא ש׳ (not ואסיק) if his father left him a field, and it improved by alluvium; the same place (ibid.) 135ᵇ. Tamid 30ᵃ; and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁרְטֵט (compare שָׂרַט) to draw, rule, trace. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᶜ bottom of the page מה עיבוד … שהיו מְשַׁרְטְטִין בעורות what working in leather was done at the preparation of the Tabernacle? They traced the outlines on the skins (marked out the shape in which they were to be cut, see שִׁירְטוּט). the same place (ibid.) top [read:] מה צביעה … שהיו משרטטין בעורות what painting was done at the preparation of the Tabernacle? They marked the skins (with a coloring substance); [the following אלים מאדמים ought to be preceded by עורות, as the catchword to the subsequent discussion, see Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 8, 23].—participle passive מְשׁוּרְטָט; feminine מְשׁוּרְטֶטֶת. Menachoth 32ᵇ מזוזה שאינה מש׳ a door post inscription which is not written on ruled parchment. ↗ original

שַׁרְטֵט Gittin 7ᵃ ש׳ וכתב ליה וכ׳ he drew lines (on paper), and wrote to him etc. Yevamoth 106ᵇ מר זוטרא מְשַׁרְטֵט וכ׳ Mar Z. drew lines, and wrote out the whole section (of the Biblical text aboutḥălitsah). ↗ original

שרטטיא , see סִלְבּוֹנַיָּא ↗ original

שָׂרַי (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a female person Sarai, the original name of Sarah. Berachoth 13ᵃ, see שָׂרָה. the same place (ibid.) בתחלה … ש׳ לאומתה וכ׳ at first she was Sarai (a little princess) for her own people etc., see שַׂר. Bereshith Rabbah section 47; and elsewhere ↗ original

שרי to dissolve, soak, steep. Nazir 6, 1 ש׳ פתו ביין וכ׳ if he (the Nazirite) steeped his bread in wine, and there is enough in both together to make up the size of an olive; Pesachim 44ᵇ. Nazir 37ᵃ אם ש׳ ענביו במים וכ׳ if he steeped grapes in water, and a taste of wine remained in it. Pesachim 2, 7 אין שׁוֹרִין וכ׳ you dare not soak bran for chickens (on the Passover); the same place (ibid.) האשה לא תִשְׁרֶה וכ׳ a woman must not soak bran to take with her to the bathhouse. Shabbath 1, 5 אין שורין … כדי שיִשּׁוֹרוּ וכ׳ you must not lay in ink-materials or dyes …, unless they can be dissolved (or soaked through) before the Sabbath sets in. Eduy. 1, 8; and frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׁרָה to be soaked, dissolved. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᵈ bottom of the page כדי שתִּשָּׁרֶה וכ׳, see מְגוּפָה; Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, 64ᵇ top שתשרף (correct accordingly). Bereshith Rabbah section 17, end אדם … מיד היא נִשְׁרֵית … אינו נִשְׁרֶה man is made out of earth, when you put a drop of water on it, it is at once dissolved (soft), but woman is made of a bone, which is not dissolved, even if you let it lie in water for many days. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 14, 14ᶜ top כל … והיא נשרית … ושאינה נשרית וכ׳ when you put salt in, and it dissolves, it is called salt water, but when it is not dissolved, it is called halmé; and elsewhere—Shabbath 1, 5 יִשּׁוֹרוּ (frequently שור or נשר), see above. ↗ original

שרי ² compare the preceding) to loosen, untie; (compare meaning of καταλύω) to take lodging; to rest, dwell. Sanhedrin 11ᵃ יש … שראוי שתִּשְׁרֶה עליו שכינה there is one among you who deserves that the Shechinah should rest upon him. the same place (ibid.) 65ᵇ כדי שתִּשְׁרֶה וכ׳, see רָעֵב Hif'il the same place (ibid.) שׁוֹרָה עליו וכ׳ the spirit … comes down upon him. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 8, end, 11ᶜ רוח רעה שורה עליה an evil spirit rests upon it (it is injurious to health). Bamidbar Rabbah section 13² אימתי שָׁרְתָה וכ׳ when did the Shechinah come down to rest on earth? When the Tabernacle was erected. Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 2 ושָׁרַת עליהם וכ׳ the holy spirit rested upon them. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 116 ומלאכי … ושׁוֹרִים ביניהם (not ושוררים) the ministering angels rejoice over them (the righteous that die), that they come to dwell among them; edition Buber edition שהוא בא ושורה וכ׳ that he (the righteous man) comes etc.; and very frequently—participle passive שָׁרוּי; feminine שְׁרוּיָה; plural שְׁרוּיִין; שְׁרוּיוֹת. Yevamoth 62ᵇ he that has no wife, ש׳ בלא שמחה וכ׳ lives without joy, without blessing etc. Sotah 48ᵃ בזמן שישראל ש׳ בצער וכ׳ when Israel lives in trouble, and the nations in peace and happiness etc. Megillah 2ᵃ בזמן שהשנים … ש׳ על אדמתן when the years were properly regulated (without Roman interference), and the Israelites lived (undisturbed) on their soil; and very frequently Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁרָה to cause to rest. Shabbath 139ᵃ אין הקב"ה מַשְׁרֶה וכ׳ the Lord does not let his Presence rest upon Israel, until the bad judges and officers cease to exist. Sanhedrin 7ᵃ כל דיין … משרה a judge that administers true justice faithfully, causes the Shechinah to dwell in Israel. Bereshith Rabbah section 7 מלך … ומשרה דיורין וכ׳ a human king builds a palace, and lets the inmates dwell in the upper and lower stories, הק"בה משרה … בחלל the Lord makes inmates dwell (even) in vacant space. Bamidbar Rabbah section 13⁶; and frequently (compare שֵׁירוּתָא) to board, provide a living for. Kethuboth 5, 8 המשרה את אשתו וכ׳, see שָׁלִישׁ. the same place (ibid.) 107ᵃ כשה׳ לזו ולא ה׳ לזו when he provided for the one (his wife), but did not provide for the others (his children); and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁרֵי to untie, unharness; to disengage, dismiss. Targum Onkelos Genesis 24, 32 וש׳ גמליא (edition Berlin edition וש׳ מן ג׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) ושָׁ׳ זממי ג׳ Pa'el; Hebrew text ויפתח). Targum Job 30, 11. Targum Onkelos Exodus 3, 5 (Hebrew text של); and frequently—Pesachim 113ᵃ שְׁרִי כיסך פתח שפיך untie thy purse (to receive the money), open thy bag (to deliver the goods), i.e. sell for cash. Sanhedrin 98ᵃ כולהון שְׁרוֹ ואסירי … איהו ש׳ חד וכ׳ all of them untie and tie up (their sores) at once (untie all of them, and then tie them up), but he unties and ties up one at a time. Pesikta Rabbati section 22 [read:] שַׁרְתַּנְהוֹן … ע"ג סודרא she untied them (the two Denars), and placed them on the shawl. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᵃ bottom of the page אתת … ושַׁרְתוּן וכ׳ (frequently שרה, compare חֲמֵי) when prayer time came, he untied them (the coins), and gave them to R. H.; [read:] קטר פורתיה לפורתיה ויהבון לשמעיה ושרתון וערק he tied his (R. Ḥ’s) share to his own, and gave them to his servant, but he (the servant) untied them and ran away. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 4, 75ᵇ bottom of the page שְׁרוֹן ליה וכ׳, see סַפְרוּתָא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, 35ᵃ שרון גרמון ומנוניה they dismissed themselves (resigned their office) and appointed him (Hillel) in their place; and frequently—ש׳ תיגרא to solve a dispute, to settle or decide a case. Nedarim 62ᵃ שְׁרוּ לי תיגראי ברישא take my case up first. Yevamoth 100ᵃ שָׁרֵינָא וכ׳, see תִּגְרָא I; and elsewhere to allow, permit; to forgive; to absolve (= Hebrew הִתִּיר). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 30, 3. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 22, 14. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 14, 20; and frequently—Kiddushin 13ᵇ הוא אסרה והוא שַׁרְתָהּ (Rashi שרי לה) he tied her (by marrying her), and he untied her (through his death, that she can dispose of herself). Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᵇ אינון שַׁרְיָין ואינון אסרין do the same men permit and forbid? Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 7, end, 25ᵈ [read:] שַׁרְיִי מה דעבדתין אמרה ליה לי נא שַׁרְיָיה undo what thou hast done (by charm); said she to him, I will not undo. Babylonian Sanhedrin 99ᵃ ש׳ ליה מריה וכ׳ the Lord forgive R. Hillel. Avodah Zarah 37ᵃ וקרו לן בית דינא שָׁרְיָא and they might call us a permitting court (of lax practice). the same place (ibid.) כי שְׁרִיתוּהָ לאלתר שריתוה וכ׳ when you permitted her (to marry again), did you permit her to marry at once etc.? the same place (ibid.) וקרו ליה יוסף שריא and they called him Joseph the permitter. the same place (ibid.) אנא נמי שְׁרָאִי אחריתי Munich manuscript (edition אנא שרא, correct accordingly) I also permitted another thing (which was forbidden heretofore); and very frequently—participle passive שָׁרֵי, שַׁרְיָא; feminine שַׁרְיָא. Targum 2 Esther 3, 8 יומא ש׳ a permitted day (free for trade).—Betzah 3ᵇ לדידי אפי׳ … ש׳ according to my opinion it is permitted even on the first day. the same place (ibid.) 22ᵃ אפי׳ בשבת ש׳ it is permitted even on the Sabbath. Nedarim 62ᵃ ש׳ ליה לאינש לאודועי וכ׳ a man is permitted to make himself known (as a scholar) in a place where they do not know him; and frequently [to loosen the girdle,] to sit down for a meal; in a transferred sense to start, begin. Targum Deuteronomy 16, 9 (O. edition Berlin edition תְּשָׁרֵי, Pa'el). Targum 2 Esther 3, 7; and frequently—Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 (רבתי) כמה דשְׁרִין למיכל (edition Vilna edition דשְׁרוֹ) when they sat down to eat. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 1, 21ᵈ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 5, 48ᵈ top שַׁרְיַית מנהקה (not שוריית) she began to bray; and frequently—Transferred (compare meanings of Biblical Hebrew יָאַל Hif'il) to consent, be willing. Targum Joshua 7, 7. the same place (ibid.) 17, 12. Targum Job 6, 9; 28; and frequently to encamp, dwell, rest. Targum I Samuel 26, 5. Targum Numbers 2, 2, and the following Targum Exodus 40, 35. Targum Psalms 16, 8, and the following; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, 46ᵃ חמריא שרון וכ׳ ass-drivers took lodging in an inn. Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 רבתי אשכח … שרון יתבין וכ׳ (חד מירוש׳) he found men that had taken lodging there, and sat eating and drinking. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 14, 14ᶜ bottom of the page ע"י דהוה ש׳ תמן וכ׳ because he lived there (in Babylonia) etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 20 ויתיר … שרי, see פָּרָא 2. Sanhedrin 39ᵃ כל בי … שָׁרְיָא the Shechinah dwells wherever ten persons are assembled; and frequently Pa'el פִּעֵל שָׁרֵי same, to untie, loosen. Targum Psalms 30, 12 (edition Vilna edition Pe.). Targum Job 12, 18 (edition Vilna edition מַשְׁרֵי Af'el); and elsewhere to begin. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 1, 5 (Yerushalmi (prefix) שׁוֹרֵי Poel). the same place (ibid.) 2, 24 (O. edition Vienna edition Pe.). the same place (ibid.) 25. Targum Jeremiah 4, 31; and frequently—Targum Proverbs 13, 12 דמְשָׁרֵי למעדריה (not משדי, see Pesh. a. 70) who begins to help himself (Hebrew text תחלת ממשכה!). to cause to rest, see below. Af'el הִפְעִיל אַשְׁרֵי to untie, see above. to cause to encamp or dwell, to let rest. Targum Genesis 2, 15. Targum Jeremiah 7, 7. Targum Psalms 23, 2. the same place (ibid.) 74, 2 manuscript (edition Pa'el); and frequently—Shabbath 67ᵃ הסנה … א׳ קודשא וכ׳ O thornbush! not because thou art higher than all other trees did the Lord let his Presence rest upon thee etc. Koheleth Rabbah to 3, 9, end כל … לא מַשְׁרִין וכ׳ (in the hereafter) they allow every one to dwell only with his fellow tradesmen; the same place (ibid.) beginning מתרין (correct accordingly); and elsewhere Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתָּרֵי, Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִישְׁתְּרֵי, אִישְּׁרֵי to be untied, loosened. Targum Isaiah 5, 27.—Vayikra Rabbah section 14, see חֲבִילָא 2; and elsewhere to be permitted. Yevamoth 106ᵃ כי היכי דתִישְׁתְּרִי לעלמא in order that she may be free to marry again. Betzah 2ᵇ יו"ט בעלמא תשתרי let it be permitted for use on any other Holy Day (not followed by the Sabbath); and elsewhere to be begun, begin. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 37, 17. Targum Psalms 119, 96, see שַׁכְלֵל.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, 46ᵃ מישרי נבח בהון (probably to be read: אישרי) he began to bark at them; the same place (ibid.) מישרי מתרתר, see תַּרְתֵּר.—[Vayikra Rabbah section 13 אשתריתין, see שְׁתַר.] ↗ original

שָׁרִי , see שָׁרִיתָא ↗ original

שָׁרְיָא , see preceding article ↗ original

שְׁרֵיב , see שְׁרֵב ↗ original

שָׂרִיד Saf. of ירד) [run-off,] fugitive, escaped, remainder. Yoma 72ᵇ (play on בגדי השרד, Exodus 35, 19) אלמלא … ש׳ ופליט but for the garments of priesthood, there would not be left of Israel a remnant or a survivor. Chullin 133ᵃ; Sanhedrin 92ᵃ (referring to Job 20, 26) אין ש׳ וכ׳ by sarid a scholar is meant (with referring to Joel 3, 5); Yalkut Shimoni Job 907. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 35 עד שיבוא ש׳ מיעקב וכ׳ until a remnant of Jacob shall come and give to his (Esau’s), sons a dish of lentils in mourning and trouble etc.; and elsewhere—plural שְׂרִידִים. Megillah 6ᵃ (in a eulogy) אוהבי ש׳ יושבי וכ׳ ye lovers of the saved (the scholars, see above), dwellers of Rakkath, go forth etc. ↗ original

שריד , Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 33, 29; שרידייא, Targum 2 Chronicles 5, 10, see שָׁרִיר ↗ original

שִׁרְיוֹן = שרר; compare Assyr. siriâm) (ringed) coat of mail. Shabbath 6, 2, explained the same place (ibid.) 62ᵃ זַרְדָּא. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 9 יצא … בש׳ וכובע וכ׳ when Pharaoh came forth in mail and helmet etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 159; and elsewhere—plural שִׁרְיוֹנִים, שִׁי׳. Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 133. ↗ original

שִׁרְיוֹנָא , see שִׁרְיָינָא ↗ original

שָׁרָיוּת (שְׁרֵי) beginning, first thing. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 16, 9. Targum Hosea 1, 2. Targum 2 Kings 17, 25. Targum 2 Samuel 21, 9, and the following ↗ original

*שְׁרִיחְתָּא (compare סָרַח 3) vapid, senseless. Targum Hosea 7, 11 (edition Lagarde edition שחירתא, see שְׁחַר 4; Hebrew text פותה). ↗ original

שַׁרְיֵי Beth Sharye, Be Sharye, a valley in which Beth Shean was situated. Bereshith Rabbah section 98 רובצת תחת … בבית הש׳ ‘lying deep’ (Genesis 49, 25), that is Beth Shean in Beth ha-Sharye. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᵇ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, 35ᵃ ואחתוניה בי ש׳ and they carried him down (for burial) to Be Sh. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 82ᶜ top הרי שמוליכין … דקברין בבית ש׳ if they carry the body from place to place, as for instance those who bury their dead in Beth Sh. ↗ original

שַׁרְיֵי ² , plural of שָׁרִיתָא which see ↗ original

שָׁרְיֵי , see שְׁרֵי ↗ original

שְׁרִיָּיה (שָׁרָה 1) soaking, steeping. Niddah 7, 1 וכמה היא שְׁרִיָּיתָן וכ׳ and how long must they be soaked? Twenty-four hours in tepid water; the same place (ibid.) 22ᵇ; 56ᵃ. Tosefta Maʿǎser Sheni 2, 1 חוץ משִׁירְיָיתָהּ except putting it in water; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 53ᶜ משליתה (correct accordingly). ↗ original

שִׁרְיָין = Hebrew שִׁרְיוֹן. Targum Onkelos Exodus 28, 32 שִׁירְיָן edition Berlin edition (edition Vienna edition שִׂרְיָן); the same place (ibid.) 39, 23 (Yerushalmi (prefix) שיריא). Targum Job 41, 18. Targum I Samuel 17, 5. Targum Jeremiah 51, 3 ס׳; and elsewhere—plural שִרְיָינַין, שִׁרְיוֹ׳, סִרְיָינַיָּיא, שִׁי׳, סִי׳. Targum Song of Songs 6, 8. Targum 2 Chronicles 26, 14. Targum Jeremiah 46, 4 ס׳. ↗ original

שִׁרַיִים (read: שִׁירַיִים), see שְׁיָיר ↗ original

שִׁרְיַית , see שִׁלְיַית ↗ original

שַׁרְיָיתָא , see שָׁרִיתָא ↗ original

שִׁרְיָן , see שִׁרְיָינָא ↗ original

שָׂרִיף , see שְׂרָף ↗ original

שְׂרִיפָה (the preceding) secretion, dripping, catarrh(?). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 14, 14ᶜ bottom of the page והסיר … זו ש׳ ‘and the Lord will keep far from thee every disease’ (Deuteronomy 7, 15), that means s’rifah; Vayikra Rabbah section 16 quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (missing in edition).—5. שְׂרָף. ↗ original

שְׂרֵיפָה , see שְׂרֵפָה ↗ original

שְׁרֵיק , see שְׁרַק ↗ original

שְׁרִיקָא , see שְׁרַק 3 ↗ original

שִׁרְיָקֵי , see שׁוּרְיָיקָא ↗ original

שְׁרִיקְרִיק , see שְׁרַקְרַק ↗ original

שָׁרִיר (שָׁרַר) [tied; compare כָּשֵׁר,] strong, fast, reliable, fit, proper. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 33, 29 (not שריד; Hebrew text אשר!). Targum Proverbs 19, 7 (Hebrew text המה!).—Shabbath 145ᵇ לא ש׳ שדריה its spinal column is not strong enough. Pesachim 74ᵇ בחיורתא דש׳ in the case of dough of white flour, which is bound (compact).—Esp. in the closing formula of a document: ש׳ וקים fit and established. Bava Bathra 160ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 9, 50ᶜ bottom of the page קיים ש׳ וברור established, fit, and sound.—plural שְׁרִירַיָּיא; feminine שְׁרִירָן. Targum 2 Chronicles 5, 10 ש׳ (not שריד׳) the sound tables (opposite כד אתברו the broken). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 8, 9 גזרן ש׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition בריר׳). ↗ original

שְׁרִירָאִית adverb (the preceding) firmly. Targum Proverbs 21, 28. ↗ original

שְׁרִירוּתָא (the preceding words) strength, truth. Targum Proverbs 8, 6.—[B. Hebrew שְׁרִירוּת, with לב, hardness, stubbornness.] ↗ original

שָׁרִישׁ (שְׁרַשׁ) deep-rooted, old; remnants from olden days. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 25, 47 שְׁ׳ פולחנא וכ׳ a remnant of idol worship (Hebrew text עקר). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 29, 17 טעו דש׳ an idol of olden days. ↗ original

שָׁרִיתָא (= שְׁרָרִי׳; שְׁרַר; compare כָּשׁוֹרָא) [binder,] joist, beam, post. Targum Onkelos Genesis 19, 8 edition שָׁרוּתִי Berlin edition (edition Vienna edition שֵׁרוּ׳, correct accordingly). Targum 2 Kings 6, 2 שדי edition Lagarde edition (correct accordingly; edition כשורא). the same place (ibid.) 5; and elsewhere—Bereshith Rabbah section 89 חמית בחלמי ש׳ דביתי וכ׳ I saw in my dream the main beam of my house broken; Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 רבתי (הדא אתתא). Eruvin 102ᵃ ההיא ש׳ דהוה בי וכ׳ (not ההוא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 20) a beam lying on the ground of R. P. which required ten persons to lift it, and they put it before the door (as a bar). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 19ᵃ bottom of the page חמא … שָׁרִיתֵיה כריחא (not בריחיא) he saw an entrance (see מָבוֹי) the beam over which was rotten. Bereshith Rabbah section 65, end, see צְלַב; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 115 שרתא (correct accordingly); and elsewhere—plural שַׁרְיָיתָא, שַׁרְיָתָא, שַׁרְוָו׳, שַׁרְיָין, שַׁרְיָן. Targum I Kings 6, 15. the same place (ibid.) 9 (edition Vilna edition שִׁרְיָ׳). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 35, 20 שַׁרְיַית Kimḥi (edition Vienna edition שַׁרְוָותָה).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᶜ bottom of the page מי … תרתין שרין עבר וכ׳ (not ועכד) when both went out carrying two beams (on which to be hanged), R. A. passed etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 66 שַׁרְיֵי, see כַּרְסָא; Echah Rabbah the passage cited (חד בר נש) שוריא. the same place (ibid.) שריין. ↗ original

שַׁרְכָּא (שרך, Shaf. of ארך; compare Biblical Hebrew סֶרַח) rest, remainder. Targum 2 Esther 9, 16 edition Lagarde edition (other edition שארא; Hebrew text שאר).—[Bava Bathra 139ᵃ, see שַׁדְכָא.] ↗ original

שְׂרָכָא ) masculine (the preceding, see סְרַךְ, סִרְכָא; compare Biblical Hebrew שְׂרוֹךְ) long and entangled grass, luxuriant growth. Eruvin 100ᵇ דאיכא ש׳ (not דאית ליה, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 60; Munich manuscript שְׂרָאכָא; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) שדכי, correct accordingly) when the grass luxuriates (grows in long and tangled bands). thorn, worthless tree. — plural שְׂרָכֵי. Bava Kamma 92ᵇ (proverb) מטייל ואזיל דיקלא בישא גבי קינא דש׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) שייך … בהדי קינא דשדכי, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 6) a bad palm will travel to be in company with shrubs (‘like meets like’); Yalkut Shimoni Judges 67 דשרכו (correct accordingly); Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 116 דסרכי. ↗ original

שַׁרְכָּפָא (Parel of שכף, √כף; compare כְּפִיפָה) nest. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 22, 6. Targum Psalms 84, 4. Targum Job 29, 18; and elsewhere—plural שַׁרְכְּפִין, שַׁרְכְּפֵי. Targum Psalms 104, 17. coop, basket. Chullin 53ᵇ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition שַׁרְקָפָא; Munich manuscript שִׁירְקָ׳; Manuscript Hamburg סרק׳; compare קְפִיפָה). ↗ original

שַׁרְכַּפְתָּא same, nest. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 1, 20. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 32, 11. ↗ original

שִׁרְנוּקָא , see שִׁינּוּקָא ↗ original

שַׁרְנֵיק , see שְׁנַק ↗ original

שָׂרַע Saf. of רע, see רֵעַ, רָעַע) to join, additamenta—participle pass. שָׂרוּעַ abnormally long, especially one that has one hip larger than the other. Bechoroth 40ᵃ, see שִׁרְבֵּב; [Sifra Emor, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 2, Parah 3 ש׳ שנשמטה יריכו, see שְׁרַע; compare Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 21, 18]. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׂתָּרֵעַ [ (Biblical Hebrew) to be stretched, to stretch one’s self. Isaiah 28, 20.] (homil.) to be joined, combined, lie together. Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 302; Yalkut Shimoni Kings 246 (referring to Isaiah the passage cited) קצר מצע זה מהִשְׂתָּרֵעַ עליו שני רעים כאחת this couch is too narrow for two lovers to be joined on it together (Israel cannot serve God and idols combined); Vayikra Rabbah section 17 אין המטה יכולה וכ׳ the bed cannot receive a woman and her husband and her lover together; Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Joshua 1) מהו מהשתרע שתריע לקבל וכ׳ (some edition שתריעו) what is mehistareʿa? That thou (you) make a partnership to receive a woman etc.; [Yoma 9ᵇ; Sanhedrin 103ᵇ מהשתרר, see שָׂרַר]. ↗ original

שְׂרַע participle passive שְׂרִיעַ (= Hebrew שָׂרוּעַ, see the preceding). Targum Onkelos Leviticus 21, 18; [Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) אשתמיט, see next word]; [Targum the same place (ibid.) 22, 23 יתיר, יתיר כוליא]. ↗ original

שְׁרַע (compare שְׁרג, שְׁרִק) to slope, slip down, glide; to faint. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 1, 60ᶜ bottom of the page הוה מסתמיך … שַׁרְעִין וזקפון וכ׳ was leaning on two Goths (in going to bathe); they slipped (or broke down), and he helped them up etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 3, 6ᵇ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 7, 56ᵃ bottom of the page ר׳ ז׳ ש׳ בדיבוריה R. Z. sank down while speaking (in the presence of a corpse); Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 2, end, see עֲנֵי 2. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 5, 9ᵃ bottom of the page הות … שַׁרְעָה וכ׳ his cloak slipped off his shoulders; הא … שְׁרִיעָה thy cloak has dropped. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 6, 37ᵃ top ש׳ מינה he slipped away from it, i.e. he gave it up. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 2, beginning 16ᵈ בעא … וש׳ מינה wanted to argue …, and gave it up; Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 3, beginning 13ᵈ. the same place (ibid.) 6, end, 15ᶜ מעלל אנא ש׳ I may slip in going up; and elsewhere ↗ original

שַׂרְעַפִּים [ramifications,] שַׂרְעַפֵּי לֵב thoughts, doubts of the heart. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 92 והיה … משמרו מכל רע ומכל ש׳ לב and the Sabbath day guarded him from all evil and from all doubts of the heart; edition Buber edition סַרְעַפֵּי; Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 20 ומנחמו מכל ס׳ לבו and comforted (relieved) him of etc. ↗ original

שְׁרַעְתָּא (שְׁרַע) slope, sliding, slippery ground. Bava Kamma 29ᵃ דרך ש׳ דנהרא along the slippery shore of a river (or canal). ↗ original

שָׂרַף 1 onomatopoetic) [to sip, absorb, see שָׂרַף 2,] to consume, burn. Pesachim 1, 4 ושׂוֹרְפִין … שש and the burning (of leavened matter) must take place at the beginning of the sixth hour. Avodah Zarah 11ᵃ שׂורְפִין על המלכים we do burning at the burial of kings; ומה הן שורפין וכ׳ and what is burnt? Their couch and their objects of service (armor etc.); Tosefta Sanhedrin 4, 3; Tosefta Shabbath 7 (8), 18; and frequently—participle passive שָׂרוּף; feminine שְׂרוּפָה etc. Niddah 24ᵇ עצמותיו שְׂרוּפִין, see שְׁתִיָּה I; and elsewhere Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׂרַף to be burnt. Bamidbar Rabbah section 23⁶ ונ׳ על שמעל וכ׳ and he (Achan) was burned (after being stoned), because he had misappropriated devoted things. Pesachim 34ᵇ יִשָּׂרֵף מיד must be burned at once. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 5, 8 כשם … אינו נִשְׂרָף וכ׳ as the wooden spit (on which the Passover lamb is roasted) does not burn, so the metal spit does not get hot. Zevachim 12, 5 בזמן שהם נִשְׂרָפִין כמצותן נשרפין וכ׳ when they are burned according to the law concerning them (and not because of a disqualification), they are burned in the ash-house. the same place (ibid.) and frequently פרים הנִשְׂרָפִים וכ׳ the bullock sacrifices which the law requires to be burned; and frequently—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, 64ᵇ top תשרף, read תשרה, see שָׁרָה I.] ↗ original

שְׂרַף Targum Onkelos Genesis 11, 3 (some edition ונוקדי׳, see יְקַד). Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׂתָּרֵיף, אִשְׂטָ׳ to be burned. Zevachim 16ᵃ שפיר אִישְׂתָּרוּף they would have been burned according to law; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 534. Bereshith Rabbah section 38 (referring to Genesis 11, 3) עתידין … מִשְׂתָּרְפָה מן וכ׳ these people are destined to be burned out of the world; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 62; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 4, 7ᵃ top [read:] מצדתא הוו פריסן והוון מִשְׂטָרְפָן וכ׳ nets were spread, and they were burned in the sun. ↗ original

שָׂרַף 2 (seeשָׂרַף I) to absorb, quaff, sip, suck. Avodah Zarah 2, 5 (29ᵇ) שׂורְפָהּ חיה (not שורפו) sucks it (the maw) out raw, see גְּמִי I; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 2. ↗ original

שְׂרַף ² Nazir 36ᵇ אי דקא שָׂרֵיף ליה מִישְׂרַף if he quaffed it (swallowed it, instead of striking it on bread); Pesachim 44ᵃ אי בעיניה דקשריף וקאכיל ליה (Munich manuscript בעיניה קאכיל ליה) if he swallowed it in its natural condition, opposite שטר. Kerithoth 22ᵃ בשעה … מישרף שריף with the last breath of the animal, it (the heart) absorbs (the blood from the blood vessels). Taanith 24ᵇ ש׳ פינכא וכ׳ (Munich manuscript טעים מידי, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) he swallowed a dishful of grist. the same place (ibid.) אי שְׂרִיף מר וכ׳ (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 300) if you had swallowed etc. Berachoth 62ᵃ כדלא ש׳ תבשילא as if he had never sipped a dish (never had had marital intercourse; Chagigah 5ᵇ כמאן דלא טעים וכ׳). ↗ original

שָׂרַף 3 Pi'el שֵׂירֵף (denominative of שְׂרָף) to cover with resin. Tosefta Mikvaoth 6 (7), 21 שֵׂירְפָהּ בשרף (not שו׳; variant reading סֵירְפָהּ) if he covered it (the handle of a saw) with resin. ↗ original

שָׂרָף 1 burning, venomous serpent (see Sm. Dictionary under the word Dipsas). Bereshith Rabbah section 44; Vayikra Rabbah section 13 (referring to Deuteronomy 8, 15) ש׳ זו מדי saraf refers to Media; and elsewhere—plural שְׂרָפִים. Bamidbar Rabbah section 19²² הנחשים הש׳ ששורפים את הנפש they are called burning serpents, because they burn the life out (with thirst); Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 764; Tanchuma Chukkath 19. Bamidbar Rabbah section 23, beginning; and elsewhere ↗ original

שָׂרָף 2 (Biblical Hebrew) Seraph, an angel.—plural שְׂרָפִים. Chagigah 12ᵇ. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 4. Devarim Rabbah section 11 בשעה שראו … ושַׂרְפֵי להבה וכ׳ when the wheels of the chariot and the flaming Seraphim saw etc. Pesikta Rabbati section 20; and frequently ↗ original

שָׂרָף same, see סַרְפַיָּא. ↗ original

שָׂרָף 3 (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Saraph. Bava Bathra 91ᵇ ↗ original

שְׂרָף (שָׂרַף 1) acrid substance, especially vegetable sap made thick by inspissation; resin, gum (secreted by the heat of the sun). Berachoth 44ᵃ כל סעודה שאין בה ש׳ וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition שָׂרִיף) a meal without an acrid substance (bitter herbs etc.) is no meal. Pesachim 39ᵃ, see מַר 2. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) I (2), 33 כל שיש בו ש׳ וכ׳ any plant which contains an acrid sap is fit to be used on the Passover night. Orlah 1, 7 שְׂרַף העלים the sap of leaves; ש׳ העקרים of roots; ש׳ הפגים of unripe grapes. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 61ᵇ bottom of the page למה ש׳ פרי פגין פרי why (this difference in the law between resin and juice of unripe fruits)? resin is fruit and grapes are fruit. the same place (ibid.) קטף בטל ע"י שִׂרְפּוֹ resin ceases to exist when its sap is pressed out; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 7, end, 37ᶜ. the same place (ibid.) אילן אינו בטל ע"ג שרפו the tree does not cease to exist when its sap is tapped. Kerithoth 6ᵃ; Shabbath 26ᵃ צרי אינו אלא ש׳ וכ׳ balsam is only a gum that drips from the balsam tree. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 4ᵈ אין … מפני שהוא ש׳ you must not use balsam for the Sabbath light, because it is a gum. Bereshith Rabbah section 94, see סָפַג; Tanchuma B’midbar 16 השבט (correct accordingly); and elsewhere—Transferred secretion, matter. Niddah 10ᵇ זו שִׂירְפָּה מצוי וכ׳ with the one (the newly married virgin) secretion (from a wound caused by first coition) is frequent etc.; [other opinion: with the wife of older standing secretion is frequent].—plural שְׂרָפִים, שְׂרָפִין. Shabbath 23ᵃ כל הש׳ יפין וכ׳ all gums are good for ink, but the gum of the balsam tree is the best. ↗ original

שְׂרַף 2 , especially balsam. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 37, 25 (Hebrew text צרי). the same place (ibid.) 43, 11 (Hebrew text צרי). ↗ original

שְׂרֵפָה burning, fire. Sanhedrin 7, 1 ארבע מיתות … ש׳ וכ׳ four modes of capital punishment …, stoning, burning etc. (explained the same place (ibid.) 2). the same place (ibid.) 52ᵃ שְׂרֵיפַת נשמה, see נְשָׁמָה. the same place (ibid.) ש׳ ממש execution by fire in its real sense. Avodah Zarah 1, 3 כל מיתה שיש בה ש׳ וכ׳ the anniversary of an idolater’s death with which burning (of garments etc.) was connected (at the time of burial) is considered an idolatrous festival. Bamidbar Rabbah section 11, see קָלוֹן 2. Rosh Hashanah 18ᵇ שקולה … כשריפת בית וכ׳ the death of the righteous is equal to the burning of the Temple; and frequently—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 14, 14ᶜ bottom of the page שריפה, see שְׂרִיפָה.]—plural שְׂרֵיפוֹת. Pesachim 75ᵃ (referring to Leviticus 21, 9) תשרף לרבות כל ש׳ הבאות וכ׳ ‘shall be burned’, this includes all burnings which are the result of fire (e.g. death through molten lead). Vayikra Rabbah section 16 בוא וראה כמה ש׳ הוא שורף come and see how many fires it (the tongue) kindles (how much destruction it causes); and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁרַפְרַף (Shaf. of רפרף, see רָפַף) a sort of camp stool. Kelim 22, 3. Chagigah 14ᵃ (referring to Daniel 7, 9) כסא … ש׳ להדום רגליו a throne to sit on, and a sh’rafraf for his footstool. Pesikta Rabbati section 20 מתגלגלים … אדני ש׳ the wheels of his throne roll, and the rests of the footstool tremble.—5. שַׁרְשִׁיפָא. ↗ original

שָׁרַץ to bring forth moving creatures. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 117 המים … והן שׁוֹרְצִין the waters are the work of his hand, and they beget life. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁרִיץ same, to cast young, breed. Shemoth Rabbah section 10 צפרדע … הִשְׁרִיצָה וכ׳ there was one frog, and it bred and filled the land etc.; Sanhedrin 67ᵇ; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 183. Vayikra Rabbah section 13 מה … מַשְׁרֶצֶת וכ׳ as the scorpion casts sixty at a time etc.; and elsewhere ↗ original

שֶׁרֶץ Shaf. of רוץ) moving creature, especially unclean reptile. Tosefta Taanith 1, 8 אם יהא הש׳ בידו וכ׳ if a man has a reptile in his hand, he cannot become clean, even if he bathe etc.; השליך הש׳ וכ׳ when he throws the reptile out of his hand, a bath in a basin of forty S’ah avails him (fasting without restitution is of no avail); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, beginning 65ᵃ; Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 16ᵃ. Eruvin 13ᵇ היה מטהר את הש׳ וכ׳ could prove a reptile to be clean with one hundred and fifty reasons (was a dialectician). Sanhedrin 17ᵃ אין … לטהר ש׳ וכ׳ none could be seated in the Sanhedrin, unless he could prove the cleanness of a reptile from Biblical texts; and frequently—plural שְׁרָצִים. Shabbath 14, 1 שמנה ש׳ וכ׳ the eight reptiles mentioned in the Torah (Leviticus 11, 29, and the following). Yoma 22ᵇ, see פַּרְנָס; and frequently—פרשת ש׳ the section treating of unclean animals, in Sifra Sh’mini. ↗ original

שִׁרְצָא , a creeping (short-legged) animal. Bava Kamma 80ᵃ, see חַרְצָא I a. חַרְזָא. ↗ original

שָׂרָק paint, see סָרָק. ↗ original

שָׁרַק onomatopoetic) to hiss, whistle; to quack. Shemoth Rabbah section 10 צפרדע … ושָׁרְקָה להם וכ׳ there was one frog, and it quacked for them (other frogs), and they came; Sanhedrin 67ᵇ; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 183. ↗ original

שְׁרַק Targum Lamentations 2, 15, and the following Targum Job 27, 23.—Chullin 63ᵃ ההוא … כרבא וש׳ one (bird raḥam) sat among cabbage and whistled. the same place (ibid.) יתיב אמידי ושָׁרֵיק רקרק Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition ועביד שרקרק, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) notes 40, 50) sits on some object (not on the ground), and sings raḳraḳ; אי יתיב אערעא ושריק וכ׳ when it sits on the ground and sings, the Messiah will come; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 537. ↗ original

שְׁרַק 2 = שְׁרַג, to glide, slide. Niddah 3ᵇ מיא שָׁרְקֵי וכ׳ water (when poured out of an inclined vessel) slides, but fruits do not slide (and you must invert the vessel in order to empty it). Chullin 111ᵃ דמא מִשְׁרַק שָׁרֵיק (Manuscript Rome 2, a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) משרג שריג, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 60) blood glides off, see סְרַךְ 2. Pa'el פִּעֵל שָׁרֵיק to cause to slip, make slippery. Bava Kamma 30ᵇ top תבנו … דמְשָׁרְקֵי the Mishnah speaks of straw and stubble (deposited in the public road), because they make the ground slippery. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתָּרֵק, Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׁתְּרִיק, אִישְּׁרִיק to slip, glide. Zevachim 62ᵃ דלא נִשְׁתָּרְקוּ (Rashi to Exodus 27, 5 יִשְׁתָּרְגוּ) that the priests might not slip. Chullin 52ᵃ כל מידי דמִישְּׁרִיק וכ׳ (some edition דמִשְּׁ׳, Rashi דמִשְׁתְּרִיק; Manuscript Hamburg דמשתריג … לא סריג וכ׳, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 90) in the case of an animal falling on things which slide (e.g. a pile of peas etc.), no internal injury is to be apprehended, but if it falls on things which do not slide etc. ↗ original

שְׁרַק 3 (seeסָרַק 3) to paint; to paste (with red or yellow clay). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᶜ top דשָׁרְקָא אפה who paints her face (on the Sabbath); דש׳ מעזלה who paints her yarn (to rub her face with it; see Tosefta Shabbath 9 (10), 13, quoted under the word סָרָק). Nedarim 90ᵃ top שַׁרְקֵיה טינא וכ׳ he painted the man’s face with clay (to disguise him), and brought him etc.; (Tosafoth: he smeared clay over his garments). Betzah 32ᵇ דמר שָׁרְקִין ליה תנורא וכ׳ that they smear (fill up the cracks of) the stove for you on the Holy Day.—participle passive שְׁרִיקָא. Avodah Zarah 31ᵃ ש׳ וחתימא pasted with clay and sealed. ↗ original

שִׁרְקָא , see שִׁירְקָא ↗ original

שַׁרְקוּקִיתָה (שְׁרַק 1) whistle, shepherd’s pipe. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 60ᵇ top (see פַּנְדּוּרָה, a. כַּרְכַּשְׁתָּא I). ↗ original

שְׁרַקְרִיק , see next word ↗ original

שְׁרַקְרַק (שְׁרַק 3, compare יְרַקְרֵיקָא; popular etymol. frequently שְׁרַק I, which see) name of an unclean bird, gier-eagle or vulture. Chullin 63ᵃ (Manuscript Rome 2 a. 3 שְׁרִיקְרִיק, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 30), see רָחָם; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 537 שרקריק. sh’raḳraḳ, the sound produced by the bird sh’raḳraḳ. Chullin the passage cited ועביד ש׳ (Munich manuscript שריקריק; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) ושריק רקרק); Yalkut Shimoni the passage cited ועביד שרקריק. ↗ original

שְׁרַקְרְקָא , name of a bird. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 11, 18 (edition Vienna edition שַׁרְקָרְקָא); Deuteronomy 14, 17. ↗ original

שָֹרַר (Biblical Hebrew) to be great, to rule. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׂתָּרֵר to make one’s self lord; (homilet.; compare שִׁרְבֵּב) to stretch one’s self. Yoma 9ᵇ (play on מהשֹתֹרֹעֹ, Isaiah 28, 20) קצר מצע זה מֵהִשְׂ֗תָּ֗רֵר עליו שני רׄעׄים כאחד this couch is too narrow for two lovers to stretch themselves on it (Oxford manuscript a. Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 302 מהשתרע, see שָׂרַע); Sanhedrin 103ᵇ מִלְּהִשְׂתָּרֵר. ↗ original

שָׁרָר , with suffix שָׁרְר׳; שרר to knot, chain) navel, umbilical cord. Bamidbar Rabbah section 1⁴ (referring to Song of Songs 7, 3) והיא משולה בש׳ and it (the Sanhedrin) is compared to the navel; מה הש׳ הזה וכ׳ as the navel is placed in the centre of the body, so are the Sanhedrin etc.; Tanchuma Ki Thissa 2 (in parallels טיבור). the same place (ibid.) מה הש׳ הזה … ומן הש׳ הוא אוכל וכ׳ as with regard to the umbilical cord, so long as the child is in its mother’s womb, its mouth is closed, and it is fed from the umbilical cord, so etc. Tanchuma Thazr. 5 שׁוֹרְרוֹ יוצא עמו וכ׳ its navel comes out with it (the infant) …, and the mother has to cut it off. ↗ original

שְׁרַר (the preceding) to chain, knot.—participle passive שָׁרִיר, which see Pa'el פִּעֵל שָׁרֵיר to make strong, hard. Shabbath 74ᵇ מהו דתימא לשָׁרוּרֵי מנא וכ׳ you may have thought that (by putting a green plug into a stove) he intends to make of it a hard coulter (see מָאנָא); Avodah Zarah 38ᵃ Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתָּרֵיר to become hard. Niddah 48ᵇ top אִשְׁתָּרוּר דדיך variant reading Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) under the word כרף thy breasts have become hard, see שְׁדַר 2, a. כְּרף. ↗ original

שְׂרָרָה (שָׂרַר) rulership, authority, office. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 8, 21ᵃ לומר שכל ש׳ שניתנה וכ׳ to indicate that what authority is given to a man, is given by the Law. Vayikra Rabbah section 20 (in the prayer of the high priest on the Day of Atonement) ואל יגביהו ישראל ש׳ וכ׳ and let Israel not assume high power one over the other; רבנן דקסרין … שלא יגביהו ש׳ the Rabbis of Cæsaræa say, (he prayed,) ‘concerning our brethren in Cæsaræa, that they may not assume authority’; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 5, 42ᶜ top of the page the same place (ibid.) 6, 43ᵈ top שברח מן הש׳ who fled in order not to take an office; the same place (ibid.) שלא נכנס לש׳ who did not enter office. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 68ᶜ top אדם שהוא עתיד להנהיג ש׳ וכ׳ a man (Joshua) designated to exercise rulership over six hundred thousand men, does not know how to distinguish etc.? Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 7 מת ראובן נתנה ש׳ וכ׳ when Ruben died, the leadership was offered to Simeon; Bamidbar Rabbah section 13⁸. Shekalim 5, 2 אין עושין ש׳ על הצבור פחות משנים Yerushalmi (prefix) edition (Mishnah בממון פחות וכ׳) no office for communal (money) affairs must be created with less than two officers; Bava Bathra 8ᵇ שְׂרָרוּת; and frequently—5. סְרָרָה. ↗ original

שְׂרָרוּת , see the preceding ↗ original

שְׂרָרוּתָא Bava Bathra 8ᵇ מאי ש׳ וכ׳ what is the power (of charity officers, that two must be appointed)? (see the preceding) … Because you may seize a man’s goods for the charity tax.—5. סְרָרוּתָא. ↗ original

שררתיה , Tanchuma Aḥăré 1, קו ש׳, see קוֹשַׁרְתָּא ↗ original

שֹׁרֶשׁ , see שָׁרָר) [chain, knot,] root. — plural שֳׁרָשִׁים, שֳׁרָשִׁין; construct state שָׁרְשֵׁי, שׁוֹרְשֵׁי. Bava Bathra 5, 4 העולה … ומן הש׳ וכ׳ that which shoots forth out of the trunk, or out of the roots, belongs to the landowner (see גֶּזַע), explained the same place (ibid.) 82ᵃ כל שאינו … זהו מן הש׳ that which does not see the light of day (when it shoots forth) is out of the roots’. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, 43ᵃ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, 64ᵇ ש׳ חטה the roots of wheat; ש׳ תאנה of fig-trees. Tosefta Shevi'ith 7, 17; ‘Uktsin 1, 4, see קוֹלָס. Avoth 3, 17 וְשֳׁרָשָׁיו מרובין whose roots are many; and frequently ↗ original

שֹׁרֶשׁ ² Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 29, 17. Targum Job 14, 8 (manuscript plural).—plural שָׁרְשִׁין, שִׁוֹ׳. the same place (ibid.) 18, 16. Targum Isaiah 53, 2. Targum Psalms 80, 10 שׁוֹרָשֵׁיהוֹן (manuscript שׁוֹרְשְׁיָיהָא). ↗ original

שָׁרַשׁ (Biblical Hebrew), Hif'il הִשְׁרִישׁ (denominative of שֹׁרֶשׁ) to take root. Shevi'ith 2, 7 שהִשְׁרִישׁוּ לפני וכ׳ which have taken root before the New Year; Rosh Hashanah 13ᵇ. the same place (ibid.); Tosefta Shevi'ith 2, 5 ומקצתו ה׳ לאחר וכ׳ and part of which took root after the New Year; and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל שֵׁרֵשׁ to uproot, tear out. the same place (ibid.) 11, and the following אין … לשָׁרֵשׁ וכ׳ we do not force him to tear out etc. Shevi'ith 4, 4 יְשָׁרֵשׁ he must take it out with the root, opposite יגום, see גָּמַם. Bava Bathra 80ᵇ חופר ומְשָׁרֵשׁ he has the right to dig and take them out with the roots; Taanith 25ᵇ חופר … ומְשָׁרֵישׁ. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתָּרֵשׁ, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִשְׁתָּרֵשׁ to be uprooted, plucked out. Tanchuma M’tsorʿa 2 (referring to Psalms 52, 7) דואג נ׳ וכ׳ Doeg was rooted out of the life of this world and of the hereafter. (of roots) to spread. Bamidbar Rabbah section 14⁴ (referring to Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 12, 11) כשם … מִשְׁתָּרְשִׁים … ומשתרשים וכ׳ as roots of a tree spread in all directions, so the words of the Law enter and penetrate the whole body; (Pesikta Rabbati section 3 משתילים). (see next word) to gain, profit (compare רָוַח). Bava Kamma 67ᵇ and the following מפני שנ׳ בחטא because he became the gainer in sin (he gained possession of the stolen object by a change of form or ownership, see שִׁינּוּי); אילימא לפני יאוש מי איכא נ׳ if you mean (that he slaughtered or sold it) before the owner had given it up (see יֵאוּשׁ): there is no gain in sin in the case (since he has not gained possession through the change). ↗ original

שְׁרַשׁ Af'el אַשְׁרֵישׁ same, to take root. Menachoth 68ᵇ מהנך דאַשְׁרוּשׁ וכ׳ of that barley that has taken root before the ʿOmer time. Gittin 22ᵃ בדאשרוש כולי וכ׳ when the planted trees have taken root, all agree (that they are subject to tithes); and elsewhere Pa'el פִּעֵל שָׁרֵשׁ to cause to take root, plant. Targum Psalms 80, 10. to uproot, tear out. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 3, 2. Paeli. שָׁרְשִׁי (see Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 4340) [to expand,] to bring profit, benefit. Moed Katan 12ᵃ כיון … שָׁרָשׁוּיְי … מְשָׁרְשׁוּ ליה וכ׳ since they receive no wages, they (by working for him during the festive week) only intend to benefit him. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִישְּׁרִישׁ to be uprooted. Bava Bathra 82ᵃ למחפר ולמִשְּׁרַשׁ קיימי edition (Munich manuscript לחפור ולשרש Hebr.) they are liable to be dug for and taken out (when they cease to bear fruit). the same place (ibid.) למיחפר ולשרש (correct accordingly, or לחפור ולשרש). Ithpaeli. אִשְׁתָּרְשִׁי to be profitable; א׳ ל־ to profit. Gittin 35ᵃ א׳ לה מקום דינר (Rashi אשתרש) she saved as much dough (in the bread which she gave away) as would have been in the space which was occupied by the Denar (that came into it). the same place (ibid.) 44ᵃ; Chullin 131ᵃ קא מִשְׁתָּרְשֵׁי ליה he is benefited (by being released from a debt). Bava Metzia 42ᵇ והא קא משתרשי ליה but did he not have the benefit (of using his neighbor’s cuscuta for brewing and saving his own? why, then, should he not indemnify his neighbor?). Kethuboth 108ᵃ הא קא משתרשי ליה is he (for whom the debt was paid) not benefited? (better הא קא מְשָׁרְשֵׁי ליה does he who pays the debt for him not benefit him?, see above). ↗ original

שֹׁרְשָׁא , see שֹׁרֶשׁ Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original

שַׁרְשׁוּם Sharshum. Bava Bathra 32ᵇ רבה בר ש׳ Munich manuscript (edition רבא; Manuscript Hamburg שרשו, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). ↗ original

שִׁרְשׁוּרָא , see שִׁישׁוּרָא ↗ original

שָׁרְשִׁי , Paeli of שְׁרַשׁ. ↗ original

שַׁרְשִׁיפָא (= שרשריפא, redupl. of שרף, Shaf. of רפף, see שְׁרַפְרַף) camp-stool, chair. Shabbath 129ᵃ לרבה צלחו ליה ש׳ (Munich manuscript שרשפא) for Rabbah they chopped up a chair (for kindling wood for the preparation of the Sabbath meals). Kethuboth 61ᵃ רב פפא אש׳ for R. P. his wife placed the cup on a chair. Berachoth 24ᵃ ↗ original

שרשך , see שֵׁר ↗ original

שִׁרְשֵׁר (see שָׁרַר) to form ropes, curls. Shevi'ith 4, 10 משיְשַׁרְשְׁרוּ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see שִׁלְשֵׁל 2. ↗ original

שַׁרְשֶׁרֶת the preceding) twisted chain. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 4 שתי ש׳ גבלות וכ׳ the two twisted chains etc. Middoth 3, 8 ש׳ של זהב golden rope (ladders). ↗ original

שָׁרַת , Pi'el שֵׁרֵת (Biblical Hebrew; [to dwell with,] to serve, minister, attend. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 5, beginning 22ᵇ (referring to I Samuel 3, 1) והלא לא מְשָׁרֵת אלא לפני עלי but did not he minister before Eli only? ללמדך שכל שירות שש׳ וכ׳ to teach thee that all the ministrations that he rendered to Eli were accounted to him as if he had ministered before the Lord; (Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 8 היה עומד). Berachoth 63ᵇ הושע … משרת תחתיך Hoshea … shall serve in thy stead; and elsewhere ↗ original

שָׁרֵת (infin. Pi'el, the preceding) service, ministration. Sotah 2, 1, and frequently כלי ש׳ vessels dedicated to the Temple service, sacred vessels.—מלאכי הש׳ ministering angels, see מַלְאָךְ. ↗ original

שרתא Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 115, see שָׁרִיתָא ↗ original

שִׁרְתּוּעַ (Shaf. of רתע; compare Syriac (Peshitta) רתיע pendulus, Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 3998) furcated spear. Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 3, 14 הש׳ … אחת משניהן וכ׳ a (fuller’s) fork … one of whose teeth was broken off and replaced by etc. Tosefta Kelim Bava Bathra 1, 12, see טַרְכֵּשׁ.—Esp. [pendule,] a furcated piece suspended under the head of an animal to prevent it from bending its head in order to suck. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 5, end, 7ᶜ (defining גימון) שִׁרְתּוּעָה (Chaldaic (Aramaic); edition Krot. שרתי׳). Bereshith Rabbah section 87, end נתנה ש׳ של ברזל וכ׳ she (Potiphar’s wife) put an iron shirtuʿa under his chin in order that he (Joseph) should have his head lifted up and look at her; Tanchuma Vayesheb 8; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 863 שרתע (correct accordingly). ↗ original

שִׁרְתּוּעָה see the preceding ↗ original

שרתיעה , see שִׁרְתּוּעַ ↗ original

שֵׁשׁ 1 (Biblical Hebrew) marble, see שַׁיִשׁ. ↗ original

שֵׁשׁ 2 (Biblical Hebrew) white linen. Yoma 71ᵇ דברים שנאמר בהן שש … ששה וכ׳ those things concerning which shesh is used are woven of a sixfold thread, where moshzar is added, of an eightfold thread. the same place (ibid.) מאי משמע דהאי שש כיתנא הוא what evidence is there that that shesh (Exodus 39, 27) means flax? Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, beginning 31ᵈ (referring to Exodus 39, 28; 29, a. Ezekiel 44, 18) את דרש שש משש שש מפארי ופארי מפארי you learn the meaning of shesh (in האבנט שש משזר) from shesh (in פארי מגבעות שש), and the meaning of this shesh from פארי (in ופארי פשתים Ezekiel the passage cited), and the meaning of this paăré from paăré (in פארי מגבעות, Exodus the passage cited). Midrash Proverbs to Chaldaic (Aramaic) 31, 22 זו … שהיה מרוקם בשש וארגמן that is Bathsheba of whom came Solomon who was clad in embroidered garments of white linen and purple; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 964. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 12 (referring to Ezekiel 16, 10) תחת שש ועזים as a reward for the offering of white linen and goats’ hair (Exodus 25, 4); and elsewhere ↗ original

שֵׁשׁ six. Pesachim 5, 1 (58ᵃ) בששה ומחצה (Yerushalmi (prefix) a. Babylonian edition בשש) at six hours and a half (from sunrise). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, beginning 30ᶜ משש שעות ולמעלן after six hours (noon); משש שעות ולמען before noon. Yoma 21ᵇ שש אשות הן there are six kinds of fire. Pesachim 49ᵇ ש׳ דברים נאמרו וכ׳ six things have been said concerning ignorant people; and very frequently—Constr. masculine שֵׁשֶׁת. Sanhedrin 97ᵃ; Avodah Zarah 9ᵃ; see שָׁנָה 2; and frequently—plural שִׁשִּׁים sixty. Bava Kamma 58ᵇ סאה בש׳ סאין the damage to a field of one S’ah is assessed by calculation from a field of sixty S’ahs (so as to arrive at a fair estimate). the same place (ibid.) בש׳ taking as a basis for calculation sixty times the quantity under dispute; the same place (ibid.) 59ᵃ; and elsewhere—Chullin 97ᵇ בש׳ (supply (understood word) בטל) is neutralized in a quantity sixty times as large. Shemoth Rabbah section 1 ש׳ בכרס אחד sixty at one birth. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 68ᶜ top ש׳ רבוא sixty myriads. Sukkah 51ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original

שִׁשִּׁי the preceding) sixth. Bereshith Rabbah section 11 בש׳ נברא וכ׳ on the sixth day man and beast were created. Bereshith Rabbah section 12. Taanith 4, 3; and frequently ↗ original

שַׁשְׁיַין plural = אֲשִׁישְׁיַין. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Exodus 16, 31 כש׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition כאש׳). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 11, 8 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition בש׳, strike out ב). ↗ original

שִׁשִּׁים , see שֵׁשׁ 3 ↗ original

שַׁשְׁיַן , see שַׁשְׁיַין ↗ original

שִׁשִּׁית , see שִׁשִּׁי ↗ original

שָׁשִׁיתָא , see אֲשָׁשִׁיתָא ↗ original

שֵׁשַׁךְ (Biblical Hebrew) Sheshach, surname of Babylonia (supposed permutation of בבל by Atbash, see א"ת). Bamidbar Rabbah section 18²¹, see א"ת. Megillah 6ᵃ, see רַקַּת. בר ש׳ proper noun of a male person Bar Sheshach, a Persian officer. Avodah Zarah 65ᵃ Munich manuscript (edition שֵׁישַׁךְ). ↗ original

שָׁשַׁר (Biblical Hebrew) red paint, vermilion. Yalkut Shimoni Daniel 1061 ועושים להם בש׳ and painted it (the idol) with vermilion; (Vayikra Rabbah section 33 וחוקקין אותם, additamenta בש׳). ↗ original

שֵׁשֶׁת 1 construct state of שִׁשָּׁה. ↗ original

שֵׁשֶׁת 2 Shesheth, name of a renowned Babylonian Amora. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 2, 3ᶜ bottom of the page; the same place (ibid.) 3, 4ᵈ bottom of the page Berachoth 12ᵇ top of the page the same place (ibid.) 16ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) 58ᵃ רב ש׳ סגי וכ׳ R. Sh. was blind; and very frequently ↗ original

שָׁת foundation. — plural שָׁתוֹת. Sanhedrin 26ᵇ היכא … דאיקרי ש׳ where do we find that the righteous men are called foundations? (Answ. referring to I Samuel 2, 8 וישת וכ׳); Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 653. ↗ original

שֵׁת (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Seth, son of Adam. Bamidbar Rabbah section 14¹² he called him שת שממנו הושתת העולם Seth (foundation), because with him the world’s foundation was laid. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 8, 9; and elsewhere ↗ original

שִׁת , plural שִׁתִּין, see שִׁית 2. ↗ original

שִׁתְּ , six, see שִׁית 4. ↗ original

שַׁתָּא (= שנתא) = Hebrew שָׁנָה, year. Targum Genesis 26, 12. Targum Psalms 144, 13 (Hebrew text זן); and very frequently—Avodah Zarah 34ᵃ, and frequently תריסר ירחי ש׳ twelve months of the year, a regular year. Sanhedrin 18ᵇ ועברוה … לההיא ש׳ and the Rabbis declared that year a leap-year. Vayikra Rabbah section 34 בלילי ריש ש׳ in the night of the New Year. the same place (ibid.) בסיפא דש׳ at the end of the year; and very frequently—plural שְׁנָתָא, see שְׁנָא 2. ↗ original

שְׁתָא , see שְׁתֵי ↗ original

שָׁתַאי (שְׁתֵי 1) drinker. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 21, 20 (not שָׁתָאֵי).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 8, beginning 11ᵃ או ש׳ חמר וכ׳ thou art either a wine drinker or etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 4, 47ᶜ top שתויי (correct accordingly). ↗ original

שתאם , see next word ↗ original

שְׁתַאס (denominative of שִׁיתְאָסָא) to lay the foundation of, establish. Targum Job 38, 4 במִשְׁתָּסִי (edition במִשְׁתְּ׳). Af'el הִפְעִיל אַשְׁתֵּס same. Targum Psalms 8, 3, see שְׁתֵי 2 Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִישְׁתָּאס to be founded. the same place (ibid.) 38 edition Lagarde edition (edition Vilna edition אֶשְׁתְּאַם, correct accordingly). ↗ original

שִׁתְאָסָא , see שִׁיתְאָסָא ↗ original

שָׁתָה , see שתי ↗ original

שְׁתוֹם , see שְׁתָם ↗ original

שִׁתּוּמָא , see sub שִׁיתּ׳. ↗ original

שָׁתוּק (שָׁתַק) silenced, one that is silent when reproached with spurious descent. Kethuboth 14ᵇ שְׁ׳ ממזרות (or ממזר) one who is silent when called a bastard; ש׳ נתינות when called a n’thini; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁתוּקָא (שְׁתַק) silence. Targum I Chronicles 1, 30; Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 25, 14 (transl. of proper noun דומה). ↗ original

שָׁתוֹקָא (the preceding) silent, dumb. Targum Psalms 56, 1 (Hebrew text אלם; manuscript שתיקותא, correct accordingly, or שְׁתִיקְתָּא). ↗ original

שְׁתוּקִי (see שָׁתוּק) one belonging to the class of שָׁתוּק, especially an illegitimate child of unknown fatherhood. Kiddushin 4, 1. the same place (ibid.) 2 ש׳ כל שהוא מכיר וכ׳ a sh’thuḳi is he who knows his mother, but does not know who his father is, contradistinguished to אסופי. Yevamoth 100ᵇ עשרה … הוולד ש׳ if ten priests stood together, and one (unknown which) separated and had intercourse, the child is a sh’thuḳi (admitted neither to inheritance nor to priesthood); Kethuboth 13ᵇ; and elsewhere—Fem. שְׁתוּקִית. Kiddushin 73ᵃ אלא מעתה שתוקי ש׳ לא ישא if this be so, let a sh’thuḳi not be permitted to marry a woman whose father is unknown. the same place (ibid.) בת ש׳ the daughter of a sh’thuḳith (who married a sh’thuḳi, a mamzer, etc.). Esther Rabbah to 2, 7 (not שתוקת); and elsewhere ↗ original

שתות , Berachoth 38ᵃ, see שַׁתִּית ↗ original

שְׁתוּת (tradit. pronunc. שְׁתּוּת) feminine (denominative of Chaldaic (Aramaic) שִׁתְּ) one-sixth. Bava Metzia 4, 3 ש׳ למקח one-sixth of the value of a purchased object (see אוֹנָאָה). the same place (ibid.) 49ᵇ רב אמר ש׳ מקח שנינו Rab says, the Mishnah means one-sixth of the value only; ושמואל אמר ש׳ מעות וכ׳ but Samuel says, the Mishnah means also one-sixth of the price paid (one-fifth of the value). Bava Bathra 90ᵃ אין מוסיפין … יותר מש׳ you dare not decree the increase of a measure by more than one-sixth, nor of the weight of a coin etc.; המשתכר … יותר מש׳ he that makes profit (retailer) must not charge more than one-sixth profit; Menachoth 77ᵃ; Bava Metzia 40ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁתוּתָא Bava Bathra 90ᵇ ש׳ מלבר, see בַּר I Chaldaic (Aramaic) Bechoroth 50ᵃ דל זוזא וש׳ deduct one Zuz and a sixth. the same place (ibid.) דל … שתי׳ deduct from them one-sixth; and elsewhere ↗ original

שתותיא , see עַנְתִּיִּים ↗ original

שְׁתַחְוָיָה = הִשְׁתַּחְוָיָה which see Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 4, 43ᵈ top of the page ↗ original

שְׁתֵּי , see שְׁנַיִם ↗ original

שתי (Biblical Hebrew) [to be settled, satisfied,] to drink. Pesachim 86ᵇ השׁוֹתֶה כוסו וכ׳ he who drinks his cupful at one draught is called greedy (גַּרְגְּרָן). Berachoth 51ᵃ מקבלו … ושׁוֹתֵהוּ בשמאל he must receive it (the medicine, see אִסְפַּרְגּוֹס) with his right hand, and drink it (take it to his lips) with his left hand. the same place (ibid.)ᵇ השותה כפלים he who drinks an even number of cups (see זוּג). Tosefta Sotah 15, 11; Bava Bathra 60ᵇ כשחרב … ושלא לִשְׁתּוֹת יין when the Temple was destroyed, … there were many scrupulous persons (פרושים, determined) not to eat meat nor drink wine. the same place (ibid.) נִשְׁתֶּה יין וכ׳ should we drink wine, of which libations were offered on the altar? the same place (ibid.) מים לא נשתה וכ׳ then let us drink no water, because water libation has ceased. Kethuboth 8ᵇ רבים שָׁתוּ רבים יִשְׁתּוּ many have drank (the cup of mourning), many shall drink, see מִשְׁתֶּה. Niddah 24ᵇ כמה … שָׁתַת אמו וכ׳ how much unmixed wine the mother of this embryo must have drunk!; and frequently—participle pass. שָׁתוּי being under the influence of drink. Eruvin 64ᵃ שְׁתוּי יין אל וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition only שָׁ׳) one feeling the wine must not pray, contradistinguished to שִׁכּוֹר, which see Vayikra Rabbah section 12 שנכנסו שְׁתוּיֵי יין וכ׳ they (Nadab and Abihu) entered the Tabernacle while under the influence of wine; and frequently—[Hif'il from שָׁקָה which see] ↗ original

שְׁתֵי Targum Genesis 9, 21. Targum I Samuel 30, 12; and frequently—Targum Deuteronomy 33, 22 שַׁתְיָא (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 שתימין, correct accordingly).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 4, 47ᶜ top כד הוה שָׁתֵי וכ׳ when he had drunk the four cups of wine on the Passover night etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 8, beginning 11ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 10, 37ᶜ. Eruvin 64ᵃ כל כמה דלא שָׁתֵינָא וכ׳ so long as I have not drunk a fourth (of a Log) of wine, my mind is not clear. Shabbath 152ᵃ עד … מכאן ואילך מִשְׁתֵּי מעלי up to forty years eating is more salutary, after that drinking is more salutary. Rosh Hashanah 4ᵃ כלבתא בת משתי חמרא היא (edition משתיא) does a bitch drink wine?; Yalkut Shimoni Nehemiah 1069 מי שַׁתְיָא חמרא; and frequently—With prefixed אִשְׁתֵּי ׃א, אִישְׁ׳. Targum Onkelos Exodus 34, 28 edition Berlin edition (edition Vienna edition שתי); Yerushalmi (prefix) אש׳. Targum Onkelos Genesis 24, 14 אִישְׁתְּ (edition Vienna edition אֵשְׁתְּ) imperative; and frequently—Eruvin 54ᵃ חטוף … ואִישְׁתֵּי make haste and eat, make haste and drink (enjoy life, see חֲטַף). Vayikra Rabbah section 12 עשרה … אִישְׁתֵּית thou drankest ten etc., see קִיסְטָא I. Yevamoth 65ᵇ אִישְׁתִּיָא סמא וכ׳ she drank a drug causing barrenness; and frequently—Rosh Hashanah 4ᵃ מִשְׁתָּיֵא, see above. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִשְׁתְּתֵי to be drunk. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 11, 34 דיִשְׁתְּתֵי (Yerushalmi (prefix) דיִשְׁתֵּיתֵי; Hebrew text יִשָּׁתֶה). ↗ original

שתי ² [to settle,] to lay the foundation of; see שָׁתַת 2. to fix the warp, start the loom, see שְׁתִי. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁתָּה to found, establish, see שָׁתַת 2. to weave. Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 19 (referring to נסכתי, Psalms 2, 6) הִשְׁתֵּיתִיו I have woven him (established him, referring to מסכת, Judges 16, 14); Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 338; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 620 השיתיו (correct accordingly). Hof. הֻפְעַל הוּשְׁתָּה to be established, started. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 5, 42ᶜ, see שְׁתִיָּה 2; and elsewhere Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׁתָּה same. Tosefta Yoma 3 (2), 6 edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading נשתת), see שָׁתַת 2 ↗ original

שְׁתֵי ² , to weave. Targum Judges 16, 13 תִּשְׁתִּין (edition Lagarde edition a. other תִּשְׁתִּן, not תַּן …). Af'el הִפְעִיל אַשְׁתֵּי , (Pe. with prefixed א) אִשְׁתֵּי, אִישְׁ׳ same, to start the loom, weave. Targum Psalms 139, 13 אַשְׁתְּיָת, edition Vilna edition (edition Lagarde edition אִישְׁתְּיָית; Hebrew text תסכני). Targum Job 10, 11.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᶜ top כד מַשְׁתָּיָיא וכ׳, see קוּבְיָה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 64ᶜ דלא למִישְׁתָּיֵיא מן וכ׳ not to start a loom from the beginning of the month of Ab; Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 4, 30ᵈ top; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 653 למשתי יינא (correct accordingly). to found, establish. Targum Psalms 8, 3 edition Lagarde edition (edition Vilna edition אַשְׁתֵּסְ׳, not אִ׳, see שְׁתַאס; Hebrew text יסד). ↗ original

שְׁתִי the preceding) warp; in a transferred sense longitudinal direction, see עֵרֶב. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 6, 50ᵃ top כחוט של ש׳ as thin as a thread of the warp. Mikvaoth 6, 9 כותל … שנסדק לש׳ a wall … which is cracked lengthwise; and frequently—ש׳ וערב crosswise, see עֵרֶב. ↗ original

שִׁתְיָא Targum Leviticus 13, 48, and the following—Avodah Zarah 17ᵇ, see עַרְבָא I. ↗ original

שַׁתְיָא 1, participle of שְׁתֵי. ↗ original

שַׁתְיָא 2 = Hebrew שְׁתִיָּה 2, foundation. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 3, 11. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 28, 30 שְׁתִיָּה (Hebr. form). ↗ original

שְׁתִיָּה drinking, satiety, gratification. Yoma 8, 1 יום … באכילה ובש׳ וכ׳ on the Day of Atonement it is forbidden to eat, or to drink etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 41ᵇ bottom of the page Sukkah 49ᵇ; Bamidbar Rabbah section 21¹⁷ לשין ש׳ וכ׳ (the word שֵׁכָר) expresses gratification, satiety etc., see שְׂבִיעָה, a. רְוִיָּיה; (Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 4, 54ᵈ top חיבה, see חִבָּה). Niddah 24ᵇ מי ששְׁתִיָּיתוֹ מרובה וכ׳ he that drinks more than he eats etc.; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁתִיָּה ² (שָׁתָה 2) foundation. Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 653 שְׁתִיַּית עולם, see מַשְׁתִּית. the same place (ibid.); Yoma 5, 2 משניטל הארון … וש׳ וכ׳ since the Ark disappeared, there was a stone in its place, … which was called foundation stone; Sanhedrin 26ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 5, 42ᶜ למה … אבן ש׳ שממנה הושתה העולם why was it called foundation stone? Because from it was the world founded (or started, see שָׁתָה 2); Vayikra Rabbah section 20; Yoma 54ᵇ שממנה הושתת וכ׳; Tosefta Yoma 3 (2), 6; and elsewhere ↗ original

שָׁתַיי , see שָׁתאי ↗ original

שְׁתִיָּיה , see שְׁתִיָּה ↗ original

שְׁתֵיךְ , see שְׁתַךְ ↗ original

שְׁתֵיל , see שְׁתַל ↗ original

שָׁתִיל (Biblical Hebrew) plant, set, see שֹׁתֶל. ↗ original

שָׁתִיל ² —plural שְׁתִילִין, שְׁתִילַיָּיא. Targum Psalms 128, 3. Targum Jeremiah 31, 5 (edition Lagarde edition שִׁיתְלִין; Hebrew text נֹטְעִים). ↗ original

שְׁתַּיִם , see שְׁנַיִם ↗ original

שְׁתִימָה (שָׁתַם) boring, opening. Tosefta Avodah Zarah 7 (8), 15 אם … על הש׳ (variant reading השתייה incorr.) if he is suspected of taking wine out by boring a hole (and closing it up again). ↗ original

שְׁתֵיק , see שְׁתַק ↗ original

שְׁתִיקָה (שָׁתַק) silence. Yevamoth 87ᵇ, and frequently ש׳ כהודאה דמיא silence is tantamount to admission. Zevachim 115ᵇ פעמים … על הש׳ וכ׳ at times one keeps silence and is rewarded for his silence, at times one speaks etc. Avoth 3, 13, see סְיָיג. Pesachim 99ᵃ יפה ש׳ לחכמים וכ׳ silence becometh the wise, how much more the stupid; Treatise Derekh Erets Zuṭṭa Chaldaic (Aramaic) 7. Sotah 39ᵃ (referring to Nehemiah 8, 5) אין עמידה אלא ש׳ standing means being silent; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 78ᵃ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 12; Betzah 20ᵇ מה זו ש׳ what does silence mean? (i.e. better be silent). ↗ original

שְׁתִיקוּת feminine same. Gittin 4, 8 אומר לה שְׁתִיקוּתָיךְ יפה וכ׳ he may say to her, silence is more profitable to thee than speech (by raising your claim you may endanger your legal status); Yevamoth 65ᵃ ↗ original

שְׁתִיקוּתָא Targum Psalms 22, 3 (Hebrew text דומיה). the same place (ibid.) 94, 17 (some edition שִׁתְקוּ׳; Hebrew text דומה); and elsewhere—Taanith 9ᵇ קביל עליה ש׳ he resolved to keep silence. Berachoth 62ᵃ, see קִבְלָא 3; and elsewhere ↗ original

שַׁתִּית feminine Hebrew = next word Shabbath 156ᵃ; Berachoth 38ᵃ שתות (correct accordingly). ↗ original

שַׁתִּיתָא (Syriac (Peshitta) שחתיתא, Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 4130; compare שַׁחַת 2) flour of unripe barley mixed with honey; also a drink prepared of flour etc. (compare Lat. ptisana). Eruvin 29ᵇ ש׳ … תרי וכ׳ for shattitha … take two ladlefuls of roasted barley etc. Berachoth 38ᵃ. Avodah Zarah 38ᵇ שתיתאה (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) notes 9, 10); Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 151 שתיתא. Sanhedrin 67ᵇ אמר … קריבו ש׳ he said to them, give me a drink of water, and they offered him shattitha; and elsewhere ↗ original

שַׁתִּיתָאָה , see the preceding ↗ original

שְׁתִיתָאָה (שִׁתָּא) sixth. Targum Onkelos Genesis 1, 31 תָי … edition Berlin edition (other edition a. Yerushalmi (prefix) תָאי …, not תָאִי …, תָאֵי …). Targum 2 Samuel 3, 5; and frequently—Fem. שְׁתִיתֵיתָא. Targum Exodus 26, 9; and elsewhere ↗ original

שָׁתַךְ (sec. root or radix of נ־שך; compare שׁוּכְתָּא) to become rust-eaten, rust-colored. Taanith 8ᵃ (referring to אם ישוך הנחש וכ׳, Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 10, 11) אם … מְשַׁתְּכִין עליו כנחשת וכ׳ Rashi (edition omitting עליו) when thou seest a generation over whom the heavens are rust-colored like copper, so as to let down no dew or rain; (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) מְשׁוּתָּכִין; Munich manuscript 2 רקיע שמְשַׁתֶּכֶת וכ׳ …; edition Pesachim a. other דור שמשתכין שמשותן a generation whose suns are red-colored etc.; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 5). ↗ original

שָׁתַךְ ² , to be rust-bitten. Bava Metzia 26ᵃ top דשְׁתִיךְ טפי (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) דאִשְׁתִּיךְ, with prefixed א) when the coin found in the ground is very much attacked by rust (showing that it has been in the ground a very long time). Pa'el פִּעֵל שׁתֵּךְ to make rusty, brittle. Bava Bathra 19ᵃ משום דמְשַׁתְּכֵי לה לקדרה because they (the boulders, see סֶלַע) would eat away the pot (placed between them). to get rusty. Shabbath 102ᵇ כיון דמְשַׁתְּכֵי וכ׳ they would not do that (keep their needles in a hole in the ground), because they would get rusty. ↗ original

שָׁתַל to set, plant. Yoma 38ᵇ ראה … עמד ושְׁתָלָן בכל דור ודור the Lord saw that the righteous men were few, so he planted them in every generation (distributed them etc., referring to I Samuel 2, 8; compare שָׁתַת 2). Bereshith Rabbah section 26; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 845 (referring to Psalms 92, 14) זה נח ששְׁתָלוֹ וכ׳ this refers to Noah whom the Lord planted in the ark. Bereshith Rabbah section 61 (referring to Psalms 1, 3) ששתלו הקב"ה וכ׳ (Abraham) whom the Lord planted in the land of Israel. Sanhedrin 37ᵇ (play on שׁלֹתֹיאֹלֹ, I Chronicles 3, 17 שאלת׳) ששׂתֹלוֹ אֹלֹ שלא כדרך הנִשְׁתָּלִין whom the Lord planted (caused to be begotten) not in the ordinary way of those that are planted (he having been begotten in prison); and frequently—participle passive שָׁתוּל; feminine שְׁתוּלָה; plural שְׁתוּלִים etc. Yalkut Shimoni the passage cited כגן … ש׳ מערוגה וכ׳ like a garden that is planted bed by bed; (Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 92, 14 נטוע). Bamidbar Rabbah section 3¹ עד שהם ש׳ הם בבית וכ׳ so long as they are planted (seated in rows), they are in the house of God, that is to say, the children at school; and elsewhere Hif'il הִפְעִיל הִשְׁתִּיל (of roots) to spread. Pesikta Rabbati section 3 (referring to Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 12, 11) כשם ששרשיו … מַשְׁתִּילִים לכל מקום כך … נכנסים ומשתילים וכ׳ as the roots of a tree spread in all directions, so the words of the Law enter and penetrate the whole body (Bamidbar Rabbah section 14⁴ משתרשים). Nif'al נִפְעַל נִשְׁתַּל ; Hof. הוּשְׁתָּל to be planted. Sanhedrin the passage cited, see above. Vayikra Rabbah section 10; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 8, 6 (referring to שאלׄתׄיאל, see above) שממנו הוּשְׁ֗תְּ֗לָ֗ה מלכות וכ׳ from him was the dynasty of the house of David planted (procreated). Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 4 מה היה … נִשְׁתְּלָה מבת שבע did David think that royalty would be planted from Bathsheba (that through her son the dynasty would be continued)?; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁתַל Taanith 23ᵃ כי היכי דשַׁתְלֵי … שַׁתְלִי וכ׳ as my ancestors planted for me, so I plant for my son; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 880 דשַׁתְלוּ … אִישְׁתִּיל וכ׳. the same place (ibid.) אנת הוא דשתילתא (read: דשְׁתִילְתֵּיה) art thou he that planted it?; Taanith the passage cited דשְׁתַלְתֵּיה; and elsewhere—participle passive שָׁתִיל; feminine שְׁתִילָא; plural שְׁתִילִין; שְׁתִילָן. Targum Ezekiel 17, 8; 10. Targum Psalms 92, 14; and elsewhere—5. שְׁתִילָא. ↗ original

שֹׁתֶל (the preceding) set, plant. — plural שֳׁתָלִים, שֳתָלִין, שׁוֹתָ׳. Maasroth 5, 1 חעוקר ש׳ מתוך שלו וכ׳ if one takes plants out of his own garden to set them in his own, he is exempt from tithes; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 8 שות׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading שת׳). the same place (ibid.) שְׁתִילִין ועטינין sets or young herbs; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, beginning 51ᶜ עטנין ושתלין. the same place (ibid.) מה בין חטים מה בין ש׳ what is the difference between wheat (used for seed) and sets (with regard to tithes)? חטים גמר מלאכה ש׳ וכ׳ wheat is a finished object, sets are not; and elsewhere ↗ original

שַׁתָּלָא (the preceding) planter, gardener (with the right of tenancy, see אָרִיס). Bava Metzia 109ᵃ רב … ההוא ש׳ וכ׳ Rab Joseph had a certain gardener (on his farm). the same place (ibid.); Bava Bathra 21ᵇ מקרי … ש׳ וכ׳ a primary teacher, a gardener, … are all considered as forewarned (may be discharged without notice); and frequently ↗ original

שָׁתַם to unseal, open, especially to bore a hole through a vessel in order to get wine out by means of a tube. Avodah Zarah 5, 3, and the following כדי שיִשְׁתּוֹם ויסתום וכ׳ time sufficient to bore a hole, and close it again etc., see נָגַב; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁתַם participle passive שָׁתִים; feminine שְׁתִימָא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 5, 44ᵈ קולתא ש׳ (not קולא) a pitcher of wine that shows traces of having been bored at. ↗ original

שְׁתָם (the preceding) boring. Tosefta Avodah Zarah 7 (8), 13 והלא הש׳ ניכר בין למעלה וכ׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (other edition פשתם, פשתן, correct accordingly) would not the boring (for the sake of getting wine out) be recognized whether on the top or at the bottom?; Avodah Zarah 69ᵇ שְׁתָמוֹ Munich manuscript (Rashi שִׁתּוּמוֹ; early edition סתמו; later edition סתומו). Tosefta the passage cited 14 אם היה מכיר חותמו ושְׁתָמוֹ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading וסתמו; ושמו, correct accordingly) if he can identify his seal and the spot and manner of his boring (variant reading וסתמו the spot and manner of his closing up); and elsewhere ↗ original

שַׁתָּם (the preceding) one known to be skilled in boring and stealing wine. Tosefta Avodah Zarah 7 (8), 14 יין אצל גוי הש׳ וכ׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (other edition מהסתם, הסתמם, corruption of המְשַׁתֵּם) if one deposited wine with a gentile who is known as an expert borer, it is forbidden etc. (see נֶסֶךְ). ↗ original

שָׁתַן , Hif'il הִשְׁתִּין (Biblical Hebrew; , Ges. Thes. under the word), with, or supply (understood word) מים, to urinate. Bechoroth 44ᵇ ביקש להַשְׁתִּין מים ולא ה׳ needed to make water, and forewent it. Shabbath 67ᵇ (a superstitious custom) המַשְׁתֶּנֶת בפני וכ׳ who urinates before her pot that it may boil quickly; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁתַן Chaldaic (Aramaic), Af'el אשְׁתֵּין same. Bava Bathra 19ᵇ (referring to I Kings 14, 10) אפי׳ מידי דדרכיה לאַשְׁתּוּנֵי בקיר וכ׳ (some edition לאִישְׁתּוּנַי) even a being which is wont to urinate against the wall I shall not leave to him: that means a dog. Bechoroth 44ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original

שֶׁתֶן (the preceding) urine. Bechoroth 44ᵇ אחד מוציא ש׳ וכ׳ one channel discharges urine, and another etc. ↗ original

שְׁתַס , see שְׁתַאס ↗ original

שָׁתַף , Pi'el שִׁתֵּף (Shaf. of תף; compare Assyr. tappû, Delitzsch, Friedrich Assyr. Handw. p. 712) to join, combine, attach; to form a partnership. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, 65ᵈ שי׳ … בישראל the Lord combined his great name with Israel’s (ישר־אל). the same place (ibid.) הרי אני מְשׁתֵּף וכ׳ I will have my great name bound up with theirs, that they may live. Sanhedrin 63ᵃ כל המשתף שם שמים וכ׳ he who combines the name of God with something else (imparting divine honor to God and a material object at the same time) will be uprooted from the world; Sukkah 45ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) והא קא משתף וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition משתתף, correct accordingly) but (in saying, ‘unto Yah and unto thee, O altar’) does not one combine the name etc.? Berachoth 63ᵃ כל המשתף … בצערו וכ׳ as for him who includes the name of God in the expression of his trouble (blesses God in his calamity), his means of support will be doubled. Shemoth Rabbah section 42 (referring to Exodus 32, 4) זה אלהים … שִׁיתְּפוּ אותו עמו (not עמהן) they did not say, ‘this (calf) is God’, but ‘these are thy gods’, they combined Him and it; and frequently—participle passive מְשׁוּתָּף. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith the passage cited ומה תעשה … שהוא מש׳ בנו and what wilt thou do with thy great name (Joshua 7, 9), which is embodied in ours?; and elsewhere Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִשְׁתַּתֵּף, Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִשְׁתַּתֵּף to be combined, to have a part in. [Sukkah the passage cited, see above.] Bereshith Rabbah section 99 בנימין שלא נ׳ במכירתו וכ׳ Benjamin, who had no part in the selling of Joseph. Tanchuma Noah 13 (Satan said to Noah) בא ונִשְׁתַּתֵּף שנינו בכרם זה come and let us work together in this vineyard; and elsewhere—Esp. (Sabbath law) to form a fictitious partnership in an alley (מָבוֹי) by depositing in it some food to the expense for which the inmates of the buildings concerned contribute, contradistinguished to laying an ʿerub (עֵירוּב). Eruvin 71ᵇ מִשְׁתַּתְּפִין במבוי ביין … להִשְׁתַּתֵּף וכ׳ the partnership in an alley is formed with wine, but if some wish to do it with bread, they may do so. the same place (ibid.) מערבין בחצירות ומשתתפין במבוי you must lay an ʿerub for courts (by depositing a common object in one of the courts), and also form a partnership for the alley; או מערבין או משתתפין you may do the one or the other. the same place (ibid.) 3, 1 בכל מערבין ומשתתפין you may use any eatable for ʿerub or for shittuf; and frequently ↗ original

שְׁתַף Targum Psalms 69, 10. Pa'el פִּעֵל שַׁתֵּיף same. Targum Song of Songs 1, 7.—Avodah Zarah 8ᵇ תלתין … עד דשַׁתְּפִינְהוּ לישראל בהדייהו for thirty-two years did the Romans wage war with the Greeks, and could not conquer them, until they made Israel their allies. Bereshith Rabbah section 36; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 61 (the demon said to Noah) שׁוּתְּפִי עמך וכ׳ (some edition שִׁיתְּפִי) I go into partnership with thee, but be careful etc. (see the preceding). Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּתֵּף, אִישַּׁתֵּף to be joined, make an agreement, form a partnership. Targum Proverbs 5, 17. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 16, 5 (see the preceding Hithpa'el).—Berachoth 29ᵇ and the following לעולם לִישַּׁתֵּף נפשיה וכ׳ (Munich manuscript לִשְׁתַּתֵּף) man (in his prayer) should always include himself in the community (pray for all people in the same condition). Shabbath 23ᵃ מִשְׁתַּתַּפְנָא בפריטי וכ׳ (Munich manuscript מִשְׁתַּתֵּיפְנָא) I used to make myself a partner by contributing some money (towards the expense of the Ḥănuckah lights); and elsewhere Ittof. אִשְׁתּוֹתַף same. Targum 2 Esther 3, 14. ↗ original

שָׁתַק (Biblical Hebrew) to be quiet, silent. Kethuboth 14ᵇ ממזר וצווח חלל ושׁוֹתֵק one who cries (protests) when called a bastard, but keeps his peace when called a ḥalal (see חָלָל 2). Shabbath 33ᵇ יוסי שש׳ וכ׳ Jose, who kept silence (when the Roman government was criticised), shall be exiled to Sepphoris. Menachoth 72ᵃ הוי פקח ושְׁתוֹק be wise and keep thy peace. Bereshith Rabbah section 51 שתיקה שש׳ לאברהם וכ׳ (God remembered to Lot) the silence which he observed towards Abraham when he said etc.; and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל שִׁיתֵּק to cause to be silent, silence, stop. Tosefta Chagigah 2, 12 שִׁיתְּקוֹ בגערה he silenced him with a rebuke; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 78ᵃ bottom of the page ושִׁתְּקוֹ בנזיפה. Shabbath 67ᵇ המְשַׁתֶּקֶת (or המַשְׁתֶּקֶת Hif'il), see צָוַוח; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 6 (7), 15 השׁוֹתֶקֶת. Berachoth 5, 3 האומר … מְשַׁתְּקִין אותו he who (in reading the prayers) says … modim modim (we offer thanks, twice) must be stopped (as suspected of heresy). Tanchuma Aḥăré 9 בקש יהושע לשַׁתֵּק וכ׳ Joshua wanted to silence the sun (keep him from giving praise, referring to Joshua 10, 12); and frequently—Esp. to deny the claim of, dismiss. Yevamoth 100ᵇ מאי שתוקי … שמשתקים אותו מנכסי אביו in what respect is he considered a sh’thuḳi (see שְׁתוּקִי)? Is it that we deny him a share in his father’s estate?; the same place (ibid.) משתקין אותו מדיני כהונה we deny him the privileges of priesthood (declare him a ḥalal); Kethuboth 13ᵇ מַשְׁתִּיקִין Hif'il Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִשְׁתַּתֵּק to stop speaking, close the argument. Bereshith Rabbah section 49, end נ׳ הסניגור וכ׳ when the defense stops, the judge rises; עמד … נ׳ הסניגור when the judge rises, the defense is bound to stop; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 84; and elsewhere to become speechless, be struck dumb. Gittin 7, 1 נ׳ ואמרו לו וכ׳ if a man has lost his speech, and they say to him, shall we write a letter of divorce etc.? Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 6, beginning 23ᵇ; Babylonian Sanhedrin 43ᵃ; and elsewhere ↗ original

שְׁתֵק with prefixed א: אִשְׁתּיק, אִישְׁ׳ same, to be silent. Targum Leviticus 10, 3. Targum Job 13, 5 מִשְׁתַּק תִּשְׁתְּקוּן (edition Lagarde edition מִשְׁתּוֹק; manuscript מַשְׁתּוֹקי Af'el). Targum I Samuel 7, 8 (edition Vilna edition תַּשְׁתִּיק Af'el). Targum Ezekiel 24, 17; and frequently—Bava Metzia 37ᵇ האי דשְׁתִיקִי וכ׳ the reason why I was silent at the claim of both etc. Kethuboth 14ᵇ דקרו ליה ממזר וש׳ they called him a bastard, and he kept his peace; והאי דש׳ וכ׳ and the reason why he was silent etc. Shevuoth 40ᵃ, and elsewhere מישהא … וש׳, see שְׁהֵי. the same place (ibid.) איכא דאמרי מישתא … וש׳ some say, he was just taking a drink, and kept silence (and in the meanwhile the reporter left). Nedarim 77ᵃ א"ל אי׳ he said to him, he (Rab, did not say so, but) was silent (seemed to assent); אי׳ קאמרת או שתי קאמרת dost thou say, he kept silence, or dost thou say, he was taking a drink (and he may have decided differently after thou wast gone)?; [different interpretation or differently interpreted version, see below]. to silence, quiet. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 13, 30. Targum Psalms 131, 2 (Bxt. שַׁתֵּיק׳ Pa'el). Af'el הִפְעִיל אַשְׁתֵּיק to be silent, see above. intercb. with Pa'el שַׁתֵּיק to silence, quiet. Targum Job 11, 3 (manuscript Pa'el). Targum Ezekiel 1, 24 מְשַׁתְּקָן (not מְשַׁתְ׳; some edition Af'el).—Kethuboth 104ᵇ אַשְׁתִּיקָן קאמרת או אַשְׁקְיָאן קאמרת (some edition אִישְׁ׳) (in asking me, ‘did Rab say so’?) didst thou mean to say, ‘I will silence them’ (show them my disapproval), or didst thou mean to say, ‘I will give them to drink’ (show my approval)?; Nedarim the passage cited (Vers. in Asheri and Tosafoth). Berachoth 33ᵇ מגונה … שַׁתּוּקֵי לא מְשַׁתְּקִינָן ליה he is blameworthy, but we do not stop him (in his prayer); and elsewhere Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִשְׁתַּתֵּק to become mute, still. Targum Psalms 31, 18 manuscript (edition Pe.). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Exodus 15, 16.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 68ᵈ bottom of the page ואינון בכיי ומִשְׁתַּתְּקִין וקיימין and they (the old men among his hearers) wept, and they were quieted (by Rabbi), and they (the assembly) rose. ↗ original

Jastrow — ש (2118)