א ⁴ sometimes inserted to replace a radical, as באגא = בגא, especially in verbs ע"ו, as דָּאִיךְ frequently דּוּךְ, קָאִים frequently קוּם etc. ↗ original
א ⁵ frequ. (in Talmud Yerushalmi (prefix)) dropped in the beginning of words, e.g. בָּא = אַבָּא; מַר = אֲמַר. ↗ original
א ⁶ affixed to the end of Chaldaic (Aramaic) nouns, corresponding to prefixed ה in Hebrew (status emphaticus), e.g. אַבָּא = הָאָב. ↗ original
אאלר"ן , a fictitious word made up of each third letter in מנאׄ מנאׄ תקלׄ ופרׄסיןׄ (Daniel 5, 25). Sanhedrin 22ᵃ; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 4 ממתו"ס וכ׳ the inscription on the wall was so arranged as to form words composed of its every first, every second and every third letter respectively. ↗ original
אַב־ a prefix of words of Greek origin answering to αὐ-, au-, e.g. אבטומטוס = αὐτόματος; or to εὐ, e.g. אבגינוס = εὐγενής. ↗ original
אָב 1 (Assyr. A-bu, Schrader K. A. T., p. 247) Ab, the fifth month of the Jewish calendar (of thirty days) beginning between the eighth of July and the seventh of August, and ending between the sixth of August and the fifth of September. Rosh Hashanah 1, 3, על אב וכ׳ for announcing the beginning of Ab messengers are sent out, for the sake of the fast. the same place (ibid.) 18ᵇ ט׳ באב the ninth of Ab, anniversary of Temple destruction. Taanith 4, 6 משנכנס אב with the beginning of Avoth the same place (ibid.) 29ᵇ לישתמיט מיניה באב let him try to be relieved of (the law-suit) in Avoth Megillah 5ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original
אָב 2 , const. אֲבִי, אַב [embracer], father, ancestor, progenitor; teacher; chief, leader; author, originator. Shemoth Rabbah section 46 end המגדל אב the educator is the real father. Vayikra Rabbah section 1 אבי החכמה וכ׳, the father of all wisdom, … the father of prophets. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 5, 39ᵇ; and frequently—אַב בית דין (abbr. אב"ד) president of the Court (Great Sanhedrin), next in dignity to the Nassi. Taanith 2, 1; and frequently—Metaph. origin, cause. Bamidbar Rabbah section 10 (play on אֲבוֹי, Proverbs 23, 29) א׳ אוי the cause of woe (sin).—אב מלאכה (for which also עיקר) one of the chief labors forbidden on the Sabbath, opposite תולדה a labor the prohibition of which is based on the ground of its being a species of the former, or derived from the former. Shabbath 7, 1 and the following; and frequently—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 2, 5ᵃ, אב שלה, supply (understood word) מלאכה.]—אב הטומאה one of the original or direct causes of levitical uncleanness, opposite ולד (child) secondary cause. Tohoroth 1, 5; and frequently—א׳ הנזק see plural—בנין א׳ creation of a class, i.e. a conclusion, by analogy, from a case explicitly stated in the bibl. law on all similar cases not specified in detail. Sifra introduction—the same place (ibid.) K’doshim, end, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 11 (referring to Leviticus 20, 27) זה ב׳ א׳ לכל דמיהם בם this forms the rule for all cases in which the Bible uses the word d’mēhem bam (that the penalty is stoning to death); and frequently; see also בֵּית אב.—plural אָבוֹת־, const. אֲבוֹת, fathers, ancestors, patriarchs etc. Berachoth 26ᵇ prayers א׳ תקנום have been instituted by the Patriarchs; and frequently—אבות בתי דינין, see above. Chagigah 2, 2.—בת א׳ a woman of noble descent. Bamidbar Rabbah section 1; and elsewhere—Metaph. principal, chiefא׳ מלאכות, see above. א׳ הטומא׳ Kelim 1, 1; see above.—א׳ נזיקין (singular אב הנזק) the chief actionable injuries or damages, from which the subordinate are deduced (תולדות). Bava Kamma 1, 1; and elsewhere Aboth, the first section of the Prayer of Benedictions (see תְּפִלָּה), so called because it alludes to the Patriarchs. Rosh Hashanah 4, 5; and frequently Aboth, name of a treatise of the Mishnah, containing sayings of Talmudic authorities and belonging to the fourth section, נזיקין, of the Mishnah collection (משניות); also styled פִּרְקֵי א׳ a. מְסֶכֶת א׳. A similar collection of a later date is contained in Talmud Babli editions, named א׳ דרבי נתןAboth d’Rabbi Nathan. [Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 8, 44ᵈ top אב בית נפש see אֲבֵידָה.] ↗ original
אֵבswelling, spreading, whence the young shoots of a tree, opposite to the branches growing directly from the trunk. Bava Kamma 81ᵃ אִיבּוֹ של אילן edition (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. manuscript חובו, see חוֹב 2, compare Rashi ad loc. (on the passage)). [Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 3, 21ᵃ top איבו; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 2, 53ᵃ צידו.] plural אִבִּין, אִיבִּיןstate of growth, development. Chullin 58ᵃ cascuta which became wormy באִבֶּיהָ during its growth. the same place (ibid.) 127ᵇ figs which shrunk באִבֵּיהֶן during development. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᶜ bottom of the page he who presses olives מאִבֵּיהֶן from where they grow (before they are ripe to be taken off). [Tosefta Maasroth 1, 4 איבין אדומים, variant reading אובין, read אוּגִין, see אוֹג.] the same place (ibid.) 5 they differ על האיבין concerning the plants in their growing state (between ripening [גמר] and blossoming [הנץ]; variant reading אוֹנין incorr.); compare יָבַן. Chaldaic see אִיבָּא I. ↗ original
אַבָּא 1 . Targum Genesis 17, 4. Targum Onkelos the same place (ibid.) 41, 43; and frequently—Freq. אַבָּא (also in Hebr. phraseology) my father. Sanhedrin 3, 2. Bava Bathra 9, 3; and frequently Megillah 12ᵇ אהורייריה דא׳ my father’s steward. אבי א׳my grandfather. Berachoth 10ᵃ bottom of the page—Sanhedrin 113ᵃ bottom of the page א׳ אליהו father Elijah (sarcastically).—אָבוֹהֵ ד־, אָבוֹי ד־ N.’s father. Berachoth 18ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 4, 9ᶜ top; and frequently—א׳ סב, א׳ רבהgrandfather. Targum 2, Esther 7, 10. Yevamoth 21ᵇ.—Transferred origin, source. Shabbath 22ᵃ אֲבוּהוֹן דכולהון דם the source of all analogous cases is the law about blood (that you must cover it from a sense of propriety).—plural אֲבָהָן, אֲבָהָתָא Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 24, 16. Targum I Chronicles 1, 2; and frequently Menachoth 53ᵃ בר א׳ of distinguished birth.—Kiddushin 83ᵃ; and frequently—[אֲבָהֵי Targum Proverbs 19, 14 manuscript; read with edition Vilna edition אבהן; other edition אבהו correct accordingly] ↗ original
אַבָּא 2 (בָּא, וָוא, וָוה in Yerushalmi (prefix)) proper noun of a male person Abba, (Ba, Va), a frequent name. [Sometimes distinguished persons go by that name, being orig. a title (see next word) while their real names are dropped; see especially Berachoth 18ᵇ בעינא א׳ I want Abba etc.] The most distinguished are א׳ אריכא, see רַב. רב א׳ see רָבָא. (בר בא) א׳ בר אבהו Abba bar Abbahu (Ba), father of Samuel, an Amora. Abba bar Abbahu (Ba), father of Samuel, an Amora. א׳ בר רב הונא, in Babylonian רַבָּה which see א׳ מרי, contracted אבמריAbba Mari, an Amora.—אבין, אבינא, contracted with ר׳ into רַבִּין, רַבִּינָאRabbin, Rabbina↗ original
אַבָּא 3Abba (father), a title of scholars (less than Rabbi), as Abba Saul, A. Yudan, etc.; compare foregoing↗ original
אִבָּא (אבב) thicket, woods, grove. Moed Katan 12ᵇ א׳ בשלניא a forest in Sh’lanya. Kethuboth 79ᵃ, see זַרְדְּתָא. Sanhedrin 39ᵇ (proverb) מיניה וביה א׳ ניזיל (ליזיל) ביה נרגא (Agadoth hat-Torah בנרגא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) from the very woods shall it go into the hatchet (as a handle to strike the woods). fruit, see אִיבָּא. ↗ original
אַכְאָבִית (reduplic. of אב, עב, עו; see עַוִּית) properly swelling, heaviness (compare כאב), hence disorder of the stomach, vomiting (spasms); usually in connection with חמה, fever with vomiting. Bereshith Rabbah section 19 did you ever hear, this ass here that is driven out חמה עליה אבבית עליה Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition corrup. צינה עליו כמה חככים עליו) has fever, has vomiting (spasms)? Bereshith Rabbah section 53 חמה ואכאבית. 5. אַכְאָבִית. ↗ original
אֶבְגִּינוֹס (corrupted נֵיס—εὐγενής) of noble descent. Koheleth Rabbah beginning; and frequently (Midrash Tehillim to Psalms I אביינוס; Shir HaShirim Rabbah beginning אווגיטוס, correct accordingly).—plural Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 863 שהוא אֶוְגְּנֵסִין (read בן א׳) he is the son of nobles; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 105 בן גנסין (correct accordingly) compare גְּנִיס. ↗ original
אֶבְגְּנִיסְטֵי (read סְטָטֵי—), אֶוְוגִּינִיסְטָאטֵי masculine plural (εὐγενέστατοι) most noble. Ruth Rabbah to 1, 2. Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 1. ↗ original
אָבַד , see אבב) to be pressed, go around in despair (see Proverbs 31, 6; Deuteronomy 26, 6) to be given up, whence to be lost, perish; to be beyond recognition. Sifré Deuteronomy 301 (referring to Deuteronomy 26, 5) לא ירד … אלא לאובד (read לוֹבֵד or לֶאֱבוֹד; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy ad loc. (on the passage) לאבדם probably לאַבְרָּן; manuscript Zer. Abr. 3 לֵיאָבֵר) Jacob went to Aram with no hope but to perish (be a slave etc.). Oholoth 17, 3 a field שא׳ בו קבר in which there is a grave that cannot be located. Kethuboth 13, 7 אָבְדָה דרך וכ׳ the path to his field cannot be traced. Bereshith Rabbah section 91 אבידה א׳ לנו we have lost something; and frequently to lose. the same place (ibid.) ואנו שאָבַדְנוּ ר׳ ס׳ and we who have lost (mourn for) Rabbenu Shimshon; and frequently—participle passive אָבוּדlost, irretrievable, perishing, decayed. Kethuboth 108ᵃ על הא׳ on a contribution to the Temple which has been lost on the road. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 9, 38ᵈ top מאיליהן הן אֲבוּדִין they perish of themselves (they decay naturally); and frequently Nif'al נִפְעַל נֶאֱבַדto be lost, perish. Kethuboth 104ᵃ; and frequently Sifré Deuteronomy 301 לֵיאָבֵד, see above. Pi'el פִּעֵל אִיבֵּדto waste, lose, forfeit, destroy. Nedarim 33ᵇ אי׳ את מעותיו he wasted his money, (cannot reclaim it). Kethuboth 13, 6 אי׳ את זכותו he forfeited his claim. Avodah Zarah 55ᵃ אנו נְאַבֵּד וכ׳ shall we give up our honest dealing? the same place (ibid.) 4, 7 יְאַבֵּד עולמו shall He destroy His world? Chagigah 3ᵃ ובקשתם לאַבְּדָהּ ממני and you wanted to deprive me of it? the same place (ibid.) 4ᵃ זה המְאַבֵּד וכ׳ one who destroys what is given to him.—א׳ עצמו לדעת to commit suicide wilfully. Bereshith Rabbah section 82; and frequently to drop from memory, to forget. Aboth 5, 12; and elsewhere ↗ original
אֲבַּדto be lost. Targum I Samuel 9, 3; and frequently—Sanhedrin 111ᵃ; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 9, 37ᵃ כאָבִיד הוא it is to be looked upon as lost. Pa'el פִּעֵל אַבַּדto destroy. Targum 2 Kings, 19, 18; and frequently Af'el הִפְעִיל אוֹבֵד, אוֹבֵיד = Pa'el Targum Deuteronomy 26, 5; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 3, 64ᶜ bottom of the page אובדתא חיין וכ׳ thou hast ruined this man’s (my) life. Bereshith Rabbah section 56 אובדת ליבך thou hast lost thy wits; and frequently to be lost, to go to ruin. Targum Psalms 41, 6; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 77ᵇ ווי דמובדין alas for the lost (deceased)! Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 1, beginning 80ᵃ ויובדן and decay. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְאַבַּדto be lost. Vayikra Rabbah section 34 מִתְאַבְּדִין if they should be lost.—מִתְּבִיד = מִתְאֲבִיד Pesachim 5ᵇ; and elsewhere [Echah Rabbah, to 4, 21 לאיבדא, read לאיעבדא, see עֲבַד.] ↗ original
אָבֵדperishable, irretrievable. דבר הא׳ a business which cannot be postponed without irretrievable loss. Moed Katan 11ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original
אַבְדָּא (אבד) destruction. Targum Proverbs 28, 28. ↗ original
אֲבַדּוֹןperdition, hell. Koheleth Rabbah to 5, 8. ↗ original
אֶבְדּוֹקוֹס (Εὔτοκος) Ebdocus (Eutocus). Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 3, 74ᵃ bottom of the page rendered in a secret political letter טוב ילדGood-Child. (Eduyoth קום—, קין—correct accordingly) ↗ original
אֶבְדִּימוֹס (Εὔδημος) Ebdimos, Eudemus. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 11, 34ᵇ; mostly abbreviated or abbreviation אבדימא, אבדימי (corruption אבדומי, אבודמא, אבודמי), name of several Amoraim, the most prominent: Eb. of Zepphoris. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 8ᵃ; and frequently [5. Frankel Mebo, under the word] 5. וַרְדִּימוֹס. ↗ original
אַבְדָּלָה (= הַבְדָּלָה; בדל) the act of distinguishing; separation. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 8, 12ᶜ top א׳ ודאי real separation. Habdalah, a formula of prayer for the exit of the Sabbath or Holy Days. Ibid. beginning 11ᵈ. Pesachim 113ᵃ; and frequently—plural אַבְדָּלוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 5, 9ᵇ bottom of the page שבעה א׳ seven objects of distinction (mentioned in the Habdalah). ↗ original
אַבְדָּןAbdan (contracted of אבא יודן), an Amora of the first gener. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 7ᶜ bottom of the page (compare Bereshith Rabbah section 10). Berachoth 27ᵇ Munich manuscript (edition אבידן); and elsewhere ↗ original
אָבְדָּןruin, destruction. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 7, 26ᵃ bottom of the page או׳ אוכלין waste of eatables; and frequently ↗ original
אַבְדָּנָא Targum Proverbs 27, 20; and elsewhere ↗ original
אַבָּהוּAbbahu, name of two Palestine Amoraim, one probably of the first gener. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 5, 8ᵈ bot; Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 2, 64ᵈ top; the second a celebrated disciple of R. Yoḥannan, residing in Cæsarea. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 4ᵇ top of the page Sukkah 48ᵇ; and frequently—Babylonian Amoraim by that name. Shabbath 119ᵇ; Kiddushin 33ᵇ, father of Rabbah, see רַבָּה. Bava Kamma 117ᵇ, contemp. of R. Ashé, see אַשֵׁי. ↗ original
אבהנוס Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 3, 31ᶜ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אבחטס, read אַמְבָּטִיס which see or אִיפּוֹבַּטֵיס (ἱπποβάτης) stallion ass for mares. ↗ original
אִבּוּIbbu (Aïbu), all probably forms of the same name, an Amora. Sanhedrin 5ᵃ אבו Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition pr. (edition אי׳, Munich manuscript איי׳). Sukkah 44ᵇ איי׳. Ruth Rabbah, Parah 2, beginning רבי אי׳. Bamidbar Rabbah section 12. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 2, 53ᵃ bottom of the page; Pesachim 4ᵃ, and frequently איי׳. [אִבּוּ name of a bird, see אִיבּוּ]. ↗ original
אִיבּוּב (= אנב׳, נבבto be hollow; compare בִּיב I) reed, flute; pipe, tube. Arachin 2, 3 א׳ של קנה a reed flute, א׳ של נחושת brass flute. Kelim 2, 3; Menachoth 10, 4 א׳ של קלאים Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition קליות) an iron tube for roasting grain.—א׳ רוֹעֶה (variant reading אבובראה, אבוברואה) shepherd’s flute, name of a plant (Eupatorium) used for medicinal purposes; see חומטריא. Shabbath 14, 3; the same place (ibid.) 109ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 14, 14ᶜ ↗ original
אַבּוּב Yoma 20ᵇ (proverb) א׳ לחרי וכ׳ a flute is musical to nobles—give it to weavers, they will not accept it (fools criticise where sages admire). Sukkah 50ᵇ.—plural אַבּוּבִין. Targum Jeremiah 48, 36; and frequently ↗ original
אִבּוּל 2 (יבל, compare יְבוּל) the gate for carrying grain into the house, wagon-gate, gate-way. plural אִבּוּלִים, אִיבּ׳. Tosefta Bava Metzia 11, 10 אין חולקין את אי׳ וכ׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (edition הָאִבּ׳) you dare not divide gate-ways between heirs unless there is the required space for each. ↗ original
אִבּוּלָא , especially (corresp. to Hebrew מבוא העיר) city gate-way which is opened for wagons etc.; fortified place where judges sit etc.; compare שַׁעַר.—Moed Katan 22ᵃ begin to count the days of mourning מבבא דא׳ from the time ye turn your faces from the city gate-way (to go home while the corpse is carried to the grave-yard). Kethuboth 17ᵃ; Megillah 29ᵃ when people form a lane מא׳ ועד סיכרא from the city gate-way to the burial place. [Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) house of mourning, see אִבּוּל I.] Bava Bathra 58ᵃ bottom of the page there was written אבבא דא׳ Munich manuscript (edition incorr. בא׳) over the gate of the town entrance (where court was held).—plural אִבּוּלֵי. Eruvin 6ᵇ. Yoma 11ᵃ. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 28, 52 אבוליכון (edition Vienna edition אכול׳). Targum Jeremiah 50, 26 אִיבּוּלָהָא (Hebrew text מאבסיה; see Pesh. ad loc. (on the passage)). ↗ original
אבולי , Bava Bathra 143ᵃ, אאבולי read with Munich manuscript אַבּוּלִי ואסטרטיגי, see בּוּלִי 2↗ original
אֵבוּסfeeding receptacle, bowl for working men; manger. Nedarim 4, 4.—Shabbath 140ᵇ אי׳ של כלי (Rashi אב׳) a real manger, opposite אי׳ של קרקע a piece of ground fenced in and used as manger. stall, stable. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 7, 37ᵈ top; 8, beginning 38ᵇ. [Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 1, 40ᵇ אבוס read אִכּוּם or אָכִים.]—plural אֵבוּסִים. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 63ᵇ אֵבוּסֵיהֶן their stables. 5. אֵיפוּס. ↗ original
אֲבוּקָאAbuka. Yalkut Shimoni Lamentations 1001, see אֲבִיקָה. ↗ original
אֲבוּקָה (אבק, compare אבך, חבק; see Sachs Sachs, Beitrage 1, p. 62; Naḥmasculine to Genesis 32, 25) [bundle of twigs], torch (with, or without של אור). Sotah 21ᵃ נזדמנה לו א׳ של אור a burning torch happened to come in his possession. Berachoth 43ᵇ א׳ כשנים walking by torchlight is equal to two walking together (as regards protection from night-spirits).—plural אֲבוּקוֹת. Tosefta Sukkah 4, 2 were dancing before them בא׳ with torches. the same place (ibid.) 4 בשמונה א׳ של אור; Sukkah 53ᵃ ח׳ א׳ של אור; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, 55ᶜ top א׳ של זהב (correct accordingly or read זֶפֶת?); Mishnah the same place (ibid.) 5, 4. ↗ original
אַבְזָקַת (בזק) breaking, crumbling, corrosion, whence a foot-disease in animals believed to arise from vermin in consequence of a stroke of lightning; moth-eaten condition of garments. Bava Metzia 78ᵇ (explained הבריקה Mishnah) אבזקת (Rashi אבזקא, Munich manuscript אבוק, corrupted ז for ו; compare Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 6, 11ᵃ top of the page under the word בָּזָק) atrophy or paralysis of the feet. the same place (ibid.) א׳ במילת׳ וכ׳ the moths are in the royal wardrobe. ↗ original
אֲבִזְרָא (Arab. bazr, abzār, see בזר, פזר)anything used for seasoning, spices etc.—Fig. requisites, appurtenances. Sanhedrin 74ᵇ אינהו וכל אבזרייהו they (the commands) and all appertaining thereto. Menachoth 73ᵇ עולה וכל אֲבִיזְרָהָא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Rashi to Sanhedrin the passage cited (edition חבירתא correct accordingly) the burnt-offering and etc. ↗ original
אַבְטוֹלְמוֹס (probably Πτολεμαῖος, or Εὐπτόλεμος = Εὐπόλεμος) Abtolmos. Eruvin 3, 4 (35ᵃ) edition (Munich manuscript אבטולס). the same place (ibid.) 36ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 21ᵃ bottom of the page אבטילס (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim Eruvin the passage cited, notes). Shemoth Rabbah section 21 (אבטלוס) אבטוליס.—Moed Katan 18ᵃ אֲבִיטוּל (probably abbreviated or abbreviation of our word), surnamed ספראה (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)), an Amora. ↗ original
אַבְטוֹמְטוֹס (αὐτόματος) self-moving, self-growing, spontaneous. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 1, 5 האומרים א׳ הוא העולם Musafia (edition טומטום, correct accordingly) who say the universe is a self-moving power (has no creator). [Better: אַבְטוֹמְטוֹן (αὐτόματον, S.) chance.] ↗ original
אַבְטִינָסAbtinas. בית א׳ Beth. Abt., name of a priestly family who had the secret for preparing the frank-incense for the Temple. Yoma 3, 11; 1, 5; and elsewhere ↗ original
אַבְטָלָה (= הַבְטָלָה; בטל) idleness, waste. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 5, 63ᵇ נר של א׳ a light burning to no purpose. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 7, 37ᶜ top על הא׳ for the loss of time. ↗ original
אַבְטַלְיוֹןAbtalion (Greco-Romanized by Josephus Πολλίων, Pollio), name of a Chief Justice of the Sanhedrial court in the days of Hyrcan 2 and of Herod. Aboth 1, 10; 11. Eduyoth 1, 3. Yoma 71ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original
אָבִיבearly stage of ripening, especially of grains; season of beginning barley-crop; also the offering of the first fruits (on Passover). Rosh Hashanah 21ᵃ (referring to Deuteronomy 16, 1) שמור א׳ וכ׳ observe the ripening of the equinoctial season that it be in the month of Nissan (rule for intercalation). Menachoth 84ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original
אָבִיב ² Targum Onkelos Leviticus 2, 14; Exodus 13, 4; and elsewhere—Sanhedrin 11ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 18ᵈ top זימנא דא׳ וכ׳ the season of ripening has not yet come. [Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 5, 52ᵃ אביבא דפילא, read אַרְכּוּבָא.]—plural (adjective) אַבִּיבִין, אָבִי׳. Targum Onkelos Exodus 9, 31 (edition Berlin edition singular). ↗ original
אֲבֵידָהlost or missed object. שומר א׳ the keeper of a lost object waiting for its owner to claim it Bava Metzia 29ᵃ; and frequently—בעל א׳ the owner of the lost thing. Kiddushin 2ᵇ בעל א׳ מחזיר וכ׳ the owner hunts for what he has lost, i.e. man woos woman (allud. to Genesis 2, 21); and frequently—Moed Katan 25ᵇ בכו לאובדים ולא לא׳ Munich manuscript (edition בכו לאבילים) weep for the losers, but not for the lost (deceased). loss, decrease. אֲבֵידַת נפש decrease of physical strength. Yoma 74ᵇ.—(Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 8, 44ᵈ top אב בית read אבידת). ↗ original
אֲבֵידָן (אבד; cacophemism for וַועֲדָא which see), בֵּי א׳ = בֵּי וַועֲדָו) properly their place of ruin, cacophemism for meeting-place, gathering for idolatrous purposes and performances connected with idolatrous feasts (games, etc.) which the Jews, under Hadrian, were forced to attend. Shabbath 152ᵃ. Avodah Zarah 17ᵇ.—Transf. meeting place of early Christians where religious controversies used to be held. Shabbath 116ᵃ ספרי דבי א׳ Christian writings. the same place (ibid.) רב לא אזיל וכ׳ Rab would not attend a Be-Abedan, Samuel would. ↗ original
אֲבִידַרְנָאAbidarna, gentile friend of R. Yuda. Avodah Zarah 65ᵃ top of the page [Munich manuscript אבינדרא, variant reading אבי דרבא; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)] ↗ original
אֲבֵידְתָּא feminine Chaldaic (Aramaic) = Hebrew אֲבֵידָה. Targum Exodus 22, 8; and elsewhere Bava Metzia 23ᵃ; 27ᵇ; 28ᵇ ↗ original
אַבְיוּ proper noun of a male person (Bar) Abyu, name of a renowned obituary poët. Yevamoth 103ᵃ; Moed Katan 25ᵇ בר אביו Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אובא, אבין, manuscript variant reading אבו, איבו, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). ↗ original
אֶבְיוֹןpoor, distressed. Vayikra Rabbah section 34 (etymol.) he is called ebyon, שהוא מתאב לכל (Yalkut Shimoni ad loc. (on the passage) מתאוה) because he longs for everything. Bereshith Rabbah section 71. Bava Metzia 111ᵇ ↗ original
אֲבִיּוֹנָהcaper-tree, or caper-berry, so called from the stimulating effects of its seed.—plural אִבְיוֹנוֹת. Maasroth 4, 6; and elsewhere ↗ original
אַבַּיִּיAbbayi, a renowned Babyl. Amora (original name נַחְמֵנִי). Kethuboth 65ᵃ; and frequently Oth. Amoraim of that name. the same place (ibid.) 94ᵃ. Eruvin 62ᵃ ↗ original
אֲבֵילוּ Chaldaic (Aramaic) = next word Targum Lamentations 2, 5; see אֶבְלוּ.—Moed Katan 20ᵇ באפה נהוג א׳ in her (thy wife’s) presence observe mourning (when she is in mourning). ↗ original
אֲבֵילוּת (אבל) mourning time, mourning ceremonies. Moed Katan 20ᵃ and the following א׳ שבעה the mourning time is seven days. the same place (ibid.) 24ᵃ אין א׳ בשבת no mourning ceremonies are to be observed on etc. Yevamoth 43ᵇ א׳ חדשה recent (i.e. individual) mourning, in contradistinguished to א׳ ישנה mourning over Jerusalem. [Bereshith Rabbah section 8 beginning, some edition אבילות—אוביל read אכילות—אוכיל]. ↗ original
אֲבֵילִיןAbelin, Abilena, a district of Peræa (see Graetz, Gesch. d. Judges 2, 2, p. 457). Vayikra Rabbah section 17; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Vayhi, p. 66ᵃ האכלון (correct accordingly); Pesikta Rabbati section 18 (p. 88ᵇ edition Friedm.) אובלים; Ruth Rabbah to 1, 5 אבולין. Tosefta Zevachim 2, 3 edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) אֵיבְלַיִים (variant reading אובלים). Cmp. אִבּוּל a. אָבֵל proper noun of a place ↗ original
אַבִּימִיAbbimi, a disciple of Rabbah. Shevuoth 28ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 2, 37ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 3, 34ᵈ top of the page A. bar Tobi. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 9, beginning, 57ᶜ ↗ original
אַבִּיןAbbin. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 2, beginning, 64ᶜ, Rabbi A. Cmp. אַבּוּן; see אַבְיוּ. ↗ original
אַבִּינָאAbbina, an Amora. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 5, 32ᶜ.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 4, beginning 38ᶜ (probably Abbuna, as shortly before). [Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 3, 17ᵈ bottom of the page בינא probably the same.]—רב א׳ contracted רַבִּינָא which see ↗ original
*אָבִיק (בוק, see בקע; compound or composed אָפִיק) outlet, especially a pot in the bath-tub to which a waste-pipe is attached. Mikvaoth 6, 10. ↗ original
אֲבִיקָהAbikah, a hero at the defence of Jerusalem. Pesikta Rabbati section 29—30, א׳ בן גבייתי (Yalkut Shimoni Lamentations 1001 אבוקא בן גבתרי). ↗ original
אַבִּירstrong, mighty, eminent (opposite קל light, of no influence); noble.— plural אַבִּירִים. Rosh Hashanah 25ᵇ אביר שבא׳ the noblest of the nobility. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 58ᵇ bottom of the page אַבִּירֵי עולם (Babli the same place (ibid.) the passage cited חֲמוּרֵי; Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 4 גדולי) the world’s noblest sons. [Esther Rabbah to 2, 4, see אַבִּירָם.] ↗ original
אֲבָל (Biblical Hebrew) indeed, yes. Tosefta Eruvin V (4), 1 אמרו לו א׳ said they to him, yes (we admit). Eruvin 30ᵇ top of the page Niddah 3ᵇ; and elsewhere—Bereshith Rabbah section 91 לשון דרומית וכ׳ it is a South Palestine expression where ăbal means bram, see בְּרַם. but, however. Berachoth 7, 1; and very frequently ↗ original
אָבֵל 1 (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a place Abel, name of several towns; compare אֲבֵילִין. Eruvin 87ᵃ edition (Munich manuscript בבל, correct accordingly, variant reading lect. see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). ↗ original
אָבֵל 2 , see אבב; compare אפל); [dark, compare קֹדֵר], mourner, especially during seven days after burial. Moed Katan 14ᵇ; and very frequently—plural אֲבֵלִים, (אֲבֵילִין) אֲבֵילִים. Kethuboth 8ᵇ; see בְּרָכָה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 39ᶜ bottom of the page אֲבֵילֵי גויים mourners among gentiles; and frequently—Fem. אֲבֵילָה, אֲבֵלָה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 8ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, 65ᶜ bottom of the page ↗ original
אָבֵל 3 (foregoing) to mourn. Hithpa'elהִתְאַבֵּל, Nithpa'el נִתְאַבֵּל to observe mourning ceremonies, to be bound to mourn, be anאָבֵל. Moed Katan 20ᵇ כל שמִתְאַבֵּל עליו מתא׳ עמו over whom one is bound to mourn, with him he must mourn, i.e. one must share in the mourning ceremonies of a relation at whose death he would have to observe mourning; and frequently—Tanchuma Sh’mini, 1 נתא׳. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Sos p. 148ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original
אֲבֵל Targum Lamentations 2, 8. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְאַבֵּל (denominative of אֲבֵלָא) to mourn. Targum Genesis 37, 34; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 39ᶜ top of the page see אִימִירָא. Esther Rabbah beginning כד ילידת הוו מִתְאַבְּלִין when the Empress gave birth, they (the Jews) mourned (it being the Ninth of Ab). Bava Kamma 59ᵇ את חשיבא לאִתְאַבּוּלֵי וכ׳ edition (Manuscript Rome לאַבּוּלֵי, see below) art thou distinguished enough to wear mourning for Jerusalem? *Pa'el אַבֵּל, אַבֵּיל . the same place (ibid.) מְאַבֵּילְנָא edition (Manuscript Florence מאבלנא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage), note 6) I wear mourning. ↗ original
אֵבֶלforegoing) mourning; compare אֲבֵילוּת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 82ᵇ; and frequently—plural אֲבֵילִים. Moed Katan 7ᵇ מי שתכפוהו אֲבֵילָיו he whom his mourning days overtook, i.e. a second case occurring before the mourning days of the first expired.—אֵבֶל רַבָּתִי Ebel Rabbathi (Great Mourning), name of a Talmudic treatise, also named euphemistically שְׂמָחוֹתRejoicings.—[Chaldaic (Aramaic) Targum Genesis 50, 11; see אֶבְלָא.] ↗ original
אבלומוס Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth), see אבלוסמוס ↗ original
*אבלונים (?) name of a spring. Bereshith Rabbah section 33 (Sanhedrin 108ᵃ בלועה דגדר). Cmp. אבילין, אובלין. ↗ original
אַבְלֵטAblet, a gentile scholar, Avodah Zarah 30ᵃ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, 6ᵃ bottom of the page, Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 2, 61ᶜ ↗ original
*אבליג proper noun of a male person Pesikta Rabbati section 33 [Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 7, 56ᵃ מגבילה; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 3, 6ᵃ bottom of the page גבילה]. ↗ original
*אַבְלַסAvlas, in Cilicia, mentioned as one of the northern border places of the land of Israel. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Numbers 34, 8 אב׳ דקילקאי; Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 ibid. תחומא דאַוְו׳ דקל׳ (the district of) A. of the Cilicians. Tosefta Shevi'ith 4, 11 עילי רבתא edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading אולם); Sifré Deuteronomy 51 לולא רבתא; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 624 לילא רבתא; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 6, 36ᶜ אולם רבתא. [Probably identical with Pylæ Ciliciæ, Πύλαι τῆς Κιλίκιας.] [Sifré Numbers 131 סבטיא מאולם; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 28ᵈ סובתה מאולם S. of Ulam; Babylonian Sanhedrin 64ᵃ סבטא בן אלס(?).] ↗ original
אֶבְמוֹסוֹס (Εὔμουσος) Eumusus. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 3, 74ᵃ bottom of the page, rendered in a secret letter טוב למד well-learned; see אֶבְדּוֹקוֹס. ↗ original
אֶבְמָכוֹס (Εὔμαχος) Eumachus, an Amora. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 3, end, 21ᵈ ↗ original
אֶבֶן , see Ges. H. Dictionary under the word) stone. Shabbath 10ᵃ; Pesachim 12ᵇ כזורק א׳ וכ׳ like throwing a stone into a leather bottle (has no effect, or is indigestible). Bamidbar Rabbah section 22 (proverb) into a well out of which you drank אל תזרוק בו א׳ cast no stone.—א׳ טובה jewel. Bava Bathra 16ᵇ; and frequently plural אֲבָנִים, const. אַבְנֵי. Bereshith Rabbah section 68 שנים עשרה א׳. the same place (ibid.) אם מתאחות הן שלשה א׳ (read שלש) if these three stones shall grow into one; and frequently Compounds and combinations: . בית א׳Stone Chamber, name of a Temple compartment. Parah 3, 1.—א׳ גליון, see אָוֶן.—א׳ הטועים (א׳ טועין, א׳ טוען, see טָעָה) Stone of Losers (Claims), a place in Jerusalem where lost and found things were deposited and claimed. Taanith 3, 8; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 66ᵈ bottom of the page; Bava Metzia 28ᵇ—א׳ המבר or א׳ המקחauction place (for slaves). Sifré Deuteronomy 26. Sifra B’har Chaldaic (Aramaic) 7, section 6. Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 667 א׳ הלקח.—א׳ מסמא a stone used for closing a pit etc. Niddah 69ᵇ בא׳ מ׳ the corpse was put on a closing (immovable) stone; and elsewhere—קבועה א׳ a stone rooted in the ground, opposite תלושה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 9, 23ᶜ top of the page—אבני השדה see אדני.—שׁוֹאֶבֶת א׳ magnetic stone, load-stone. Sanhedrin 107ᵇ; and elsewhere—א׳ הַשָּׁעוֹת stone-dial, Kelim 12, 4; and elsewhere—א׳ שְׁתִיָּה foundation stone, stone Sh’thiya which in the second Temple occupied the place of the Holy Arc. Yoma 5, 2 (3); see the same place (ibid.) ad loc. (on the passage)—אבנים תּוֹשָׁבוֹת immigrant stones, i.e. stones brought over from another ground. Tosefta Shevi'ith 3, 4; compare Shevi'ith 3, 7 a. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) ad loc. (on the passage)—א׳ תלושה see sup. א׳ קבועה.—א׳ תקומה preserving stone, a stone believed to protect against abortion. Shabbath 66ᵇ.—[For other combinations see respective determinants.] ↗ original
אֶבֶן ² Targum Genesis 28, 18; and frequently—plural אַבְנַיָּא, אַבְנֵי, אַבְנִין. Targum Exodus 28, 11; and frequently Vayikra Rabbah section 16; and elsewhere—א׳ דאכפא weight-stones, to prevent the sheaves being blown away. Bava Bathra 69ᵃ.—א׳ דכוחלא black marble stone. Kiddushin 12ᵃ. [Targum Proverbs 23, 28, read with manuscript Luzz. וצאדא בניא שברי and captures foolish sons.] [Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 2, 13ᶜ … דיין אבן corrupt a. defective.] ↗ original
אֹבֶן , only in Dual אָבְנַיִם (Biblical Hebrew, the potter’s turning implement. the passage of the embryo, vagina. Shemoth Rabbah section 1 (etym.) מקום שהולד נפנה בו (some edition נקנה incorr.) where the child turns (to come to light). [Oth. etym. see ibid. a. Sotah 11ᵇ.] ↗ original
אַבְנֵטbelt. Bava Kamma 94ᵇ. Yoma 6ᵃ; 12ᵃ; and frequently—plural אַבְנֵטִים. Zevachim 18ᵃ ↗ original
אַבְנִימוֹסAbnimos, Nimos, a gentile philosopher, friend of R. Meïr [probably identical with the cynic philosopher Oenomaus of Gadara]. Bereshith Rabbah section 65; and elsewhere א׳ הגרדי. Chagigah 15ᵇ נ׳ הגרדי. ↗ original
אֲבַנְתָּא (בין) understanding, speculation. Megillah 24ᵇ בא׳ דל׳ תלי (Munich manuscript באוב׳) it depends on the speculative faculty (not on the physical sight). Avodah Zarah 28ᵇ באו׳ דל׳ תלי (Munich manuscript בליבא תליא, compare Tosafoth ad loc. (on the passage)) an affection of the eye-sight is connected with (has influence on) the mental faculties; (other opinion, compare אֹבֶן, the fat surrounding the heart). ↗ original
אָבַסto stuff; to fatten, feed (active a. neut.) Bava Metzia 86ᵇ (explained ăbusim, I Kings 5, 3) שאוֹבְסִין אותן בע"כ which people fatten with force. the same place (ibid.) שא׳ ועומדין וכ׳ that stand feeding as they please. Shabbath 24, 3 (155ᵇ) אין אובסין וכ׳ you must not (on the Sabbath) stuff the camel; explained the same place (ibid.) you must not make אֵבוס בתוך וכ׳ a manger of her stomach (fill up to swelling); and frequently—participle passive אָבוּס (= שׁוֹר). Megillah 9ᵃ, and elsewhere (one of the changes said to have been made by the authors of the Septuag.). ↗ original
אֲבַסְקַנְטָה (ἀβάσκαντα) unbewitched! may no harm befall you! Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, end, 40ᵇ א׳ לא אמר he did not say abascanta, but etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 13ᶜ top (correct accordingly). ↗ original
אַבְעָיָה (בָּעָה) search, begging, the appearance of the poor for their share in the crop. plural אַבְעָיוֹת. Peah 4, 5 ג׳ אב׳ וכ׳ (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition 4, 3 אוּבְ׳) three times a day the poor would come (compare etym. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 18ᵇ top). [Oth. commentary or commentaries referring to etym. in Yerushalmi (prefix) the passage cited a. Targum Obadiah, Book of 1, 6: “the owner appears” etc.] ↗ original
אָבָק see אֲבַק, , (thick, whirling) dust, powder. Shabbath 3, 3 אֲבַק דרכים the (heated) sand on the roads. Chullin 91ᵃ. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 6; and frequently—הסופרים א׳ the refuse of writing material, or the colored sand strewn over the writing. Shabbath 12, 5 וכ׳ כתב במשקין if one writes (on the Shabbath) with a fluid or sap of fruits (instead of ink), or in the sand on roads or in the writer’s powder.—Transferred (compare אֲבַק) connection, something akin to, shade of, as א׳ לשון הרע a shade of slander; רבית א׳ a shade of usury; א׳ של שביעית an agricultural occupation indirectly related to those forbidden in the Sabbath year; see infr.—plural אֲבָקוֹת. Tosefta Avodah Zarah 1, 10 ארבע א׳ הן (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) אבקאות) the word abak in its figur. sense is applied to four things; compare Bava Bathra 165ᵃ; Bava Metzia 61ᵇ; 67ᵃ; Sukkah 40ᵇ ↗ original
אָבַק , Pi. אִבֵּק, אִיבֵּק (denominative of foregoing) to cover with powder, especially plants, for fertilizing. Shevi'ith 2, 2 מְאַבְּקִין (compare Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) ad loc. (on the passage)). Moed Katan 3ᵃ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᵃ top of the page—participle passive מְאוּבָּקpowdered. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 1, 63ᵈ bottom of the page מאונקות (read מְאוּבָּ׳) grapes fertilized with powder. [Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) “to remove the dust”(?)] Hithpa'el a. Nithpa'el הִתְאַבֵּק, נִתְאַ׳to be covered, or cover one’s self with dust. Bereshith Rabbah section 43.—Metaph. to sit at one’s feet as a disciple. Aboth. 1, 4. ↗ original
אֲבַק (√אב, עב, compare אבך, חבק) to entangle, twist, twine. Menachoth 42ᵃ אביק להו מיבק (perh. אַבֵּיקPa.) he twined (the show-fringes) with loops. (neut. see) to be attached to, cling to (idolatry etc.). Sanhedrin 64ᵃ; Avodah Zarah 14ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) 17ᵃ א׳ בה טובא he was very deeply attached to sensuality. ↗ original
אָבָק ² Chaldaic (Aramaic) = Hebrew אָבָק. Targum Exodus 9, 9; and elsewhere ↗ original
אבק Tosefta Mikvaoth 5, 7, read אָבִיק. ↗ original
אַבְקָתָא (אֲבַק) loops, leather rings, on bedsteads for the reception of cords; in door cases, for hanging doors in. Nedarim 56ᵇ; Sanhedrin 20ᵇ. דרגש בא׳ … a couch is called dargesh, when it is carried in and out (to be put up and taken apart) by means of loops (through which the cords are fastened); opposite mittah, see בִּזְיוּנָא.—Menachoth 33ᵃ, Eruvin 11ᵇ edition (Munich manuscript אנקתא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note), explain. היכר ציר ‘an indication of hinges’.—Makkoth 23ᵃ (loops in the punishing scourge). ↗ original
אָבַר (√אב, see אבב; compare גבר, חבר) to be bent, pressed, thick. Pi'el פִּעֵל אִבֵּר, אִיבֵּרto strengthen, harden (compare אמץ). Sanhedrin 109ᵇ (play on Abiram, Numbers 16, 1) שאִי׳ לבו מ׳ וכ׳ Munich manuscript (Rashi לבבו, edition עצמו) he hardened his heart against repentance. (denominative of אֵבֶר) to measure wings, to define city limits, for Sabbath distances, in cases of wing-like projections beyond the line. Eruvin 5, 1 כיצד מְאַבְּרִין (accord. to Rab’s spelling, while Samuel read מְעַבְּרִין, see Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 22ᵇ, Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 53ᵃ) how do we measure outskirts of a city in order to draw the Sabbath line?; see etymol. definit. Yerushalmi (prefix) a. Babl. ll. cc. a. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 7, 12ᶜ top of the page (Biblical Hebrew Hif'il) to soar, take wings. Bereshith Rabbah section 42 (play on Shemeber, Genesis 14, 2) שמְאַבֵּר וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word שמאבר (edition שהיה פורח) he took wings to fly and obtain wealth. ↗ original
אֵבֶרwing, see אָבַר; compare כַּף, limb, part.—א׳ מן החי a part cut off from a living animal. Chullin 101ᵇ; and frequently membrum genitale. Sanhedrin 107ᵃ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 5, 30ᵇ town quarter, projecting outskirts (see אָבַרPi. 2).—א׳ א׳ limb by limb; piecemeal. Shabbath 40ᵃ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 6, 43ᵈ bottom of the page Koheleth Rabbah to 10, 15.—plural אֵבָרִים, אֵיבָרִים, אֵיבָרִיןlimbs, parts (of an animal). Shekalim 7, 3 meat found אי׳ in entire limbs (opposite חתיכות cut slices). Shabbath 82ᵇ אינה מטמאה לא׳ Munich manuscript (edition לא׳ אינה) does not make unclean when dismembered. Kelim 18, 9 (parts of a bedstead).—א׳ א׳ as singular Chullin 11ᵇ. Treatise Smachoth, Treatise 2, 12.—Berachoth 1, 1 the fat וא׳ and other pieces of the daily offerings. Oholoth 1, 8 רמ"ח א׳ 248 limbs (joints). balance of a load, ballast. Shabbath 154ᵇ, see חֶבֶר.—Chaldaic אֵיבְרָא. ↗ original
אֲבָר (see אָבַר; Biblical Hebrew lead. Sanhedrin 52ᵃ פתילה של א׳ a string (bar) of lead. Chullin 8ᵃ א׳ מעיקרו lead directly from the mine (hot). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᵇ bottom of the page Kelim 14, 5 הא׳ שבצד וכ׳ the lead hanging down from the neck of the animal (as ornament or mark). Git. 19ᵃ; Shabbath 104ᵇ כתבו בא׳ if he wrote the document with lead (solution); and frequently ↗ original
אֲבָר ² Targum Exodus 15, 10. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 20, 14; and elsewhere—Sanhedrin 64ᵃ שדיוהו וכ׳ cast ye him into a kettle (of lead) וכסיוהו וכ׳ and cover him with lead (or heavy load; edition שדיוה incorr.; Munich manuscript omits דאברא; other var. see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)). Git. 19ᵃ בא׳ (writing) with lead pencil, במיא דא׳ with a solution of lead. ↗ original
*אַבָּרָא , Targum Proverbs 30, 31 manuscript the cock, compare אבר a. גבר; see אַבָּכָא. ↗ original
אַבְרָאִי adverb (בר) outside, frequently with prefix מֵ־, opposite אגואי. Chullin 130ᵃ; 130ᵇ Avodah Zarah 2ᵇ למיתב מלכא מא׳ for the king to wait outside (of the court-room). Rosh Hashanah 8ᵇ למיקם … א׳. Berachoth 18ᵇ יתיב א׳ sat outside (of the gathering of the righteous in heaven). Cmp. בְּרָאִי. ↗ original
אברגני , Eruvin 62ᵃ, variant reading, see אַבּוּרְגְּנָא ↗ original
אַבְרַוְורֵי (denominative of אבר, compare חברורי) (compare אָבַר Pi'el) wings or corners of city walls (Hebrew פִּנָּה), pinnacles, mural turrets. Shabbath 11ᵃ edition (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אברוארי, read אבראורי; Munich manuscript אַוְרַוְרֵי; variant reading lect. see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) (see אֵבֶר a. חֶבֶר)balance, freight arranged for balancing, ballast. Bava Bathra 24ᵇ אימור באברוו׳ הוו מנחי Munich manuscript (edition באברו׳) I may say, the small kegs were placed among the large for balancing purposes. ↗ original
אברומאhash or brine of a certain fish (Ἀβραμίς?). Sukkah 18ᵃ (Munich manuscript a. edition אבד׳, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) [Rashi: ‘a very small fish’.] ↗ original
אַבְרֵךְ (Genesis 41, 43) Abhrekh, a title; homiletically defined אׄבׄ בחכמה ורַ֗ךְ֗ בשניםfather in wisdom, tender in years. Bereshith Rabbah section 90. ↗ original
אַבְרְקִין (ברק = פרק; compare בקר = פקר, see אפקרסין) underclothes, inexpressibles, breeches (compare Lat. bracæ, braccæ—of Oriental origin). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 16, 15ᵈ שני א׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition Krot. אַבְרִיקִין; Babylonian Shabbath 120ᵃ וב׳ פרגד, Munich manuscript פרגוד, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פרגודין; Rashi genouilliers, a. German Kniehosen). Ylamdenu Bereshith quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (explained פטישיהון Daniel 3, 21) ב׳ הנתונות וכ׳ (fem.) the underclothes put around their loins. ↗ original
אַבְרָתָא (ברי, see אִיבְרָיָיא, a. הַבְרָאָה) hyssop (used against indigestion etc.). Shabbath 128ᵃ (explaining אֵזוֹב). the same place (ibid.) 109ᵇ אברתה (mentioning two species, one named בר־הימג = אזוב, the other בר־הינג = אזוב יון). Avodah Zarah 29ᵃ Munich manuscript a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אבדתא). ↗ original
אַבְשׁוּנָא (אבש = יבש) something dried; parched or dried ears of grain. Megillah 7ᵇ; Pesachim 39ᵇ קמחא דא׳ flour of roasted ears. the same place (ibid.) 40ᵃ חצבא דאבשו׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אבי׳) a basin wherein ears are roasted. ↗ original
אָגָא (Samar. אגה rendition of Biblical Hebrew to spell (letters), blaspheme, swear. Sanhedrin 101ᵇ תנא (ו)בגבולין ובלשון אגא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition עגה), the Boraitha remarks (to ההוגה as in Mishn. ad loc. (on the passage)) this (condemnation of one uttering the name of the Lord) refers to the country (not the Temple), and in the sense of Samaritan aga (swearing). Cmp. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 28ᵇ top כגון אילין כותאי וכ׳ in a way as those Samaritans swear. ↗ original
אַגַּב (contracted of אל גב = עַל, compare אַ־) properly on the back, on top of, hence, upon, on the basis; (logic.) by dint of, on account of; by the way of. Sanhedrin 95ᵇ א׳ אורחך while on thy road, i.e. incidentally, occasionally. Freq. אורחא א׳, see אוֹרְחָא.—Bava Metzia 21ᵇ א׳ דיקירי because they are heavy.—the same place (ibid.) 11ᵇ, and frequently מטלטלין א׳ מקרקעי the sale of movable chattel made binding by dint of immovable property jointly sold; compare קַרְקַע.—Kiddushin 26ᵇ א׳ אחר by means of somebody else (taking possession in behalf of the absent person). the same place (ibid.) 27ᵃ מי בעינן א׳ is it necessary that he must say, ‘Acquire movable by dint of acquiring landed property’?—Pesachim 113ᵃ כל א׳ גביא בעיא every claim the legality of which rests on some additional circumstance (e.g. a loan collectible only on producing the note of indebtedness) requires collection (cannot be considered actual property until collected).—Shabbath 116ᵃ א׳ כתב הוא דקדוש the parchment is sacred only on account of the sacred character of what is written on it.—Shevuoth 40ᵇ, see גְּרָרָא; and frequently ↗ original
אָגַד 1 (√אג, sec. root or radix of אוג, see אוּגְיָא, compare אגר, חגר, עקד) to twine around, tie up; to close, forbid. Sukkah 3, 1; and frequently—Shabbath 60ᵃ אוֹגֶדֶת בו וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אוגרת, Munich manuscript חוגרת) she fastens her hair with it.—Pesachim 87ᵃ בנות ישראל שאוֹגְדוֹת וכ׳ edition (Munich manuscript בחורות … שמגידות, see Hif'il) the maidens in Israel who forbid intimacy to their betrothed. Eruvin 21ᵇ ל"א אוגדות edition (missing in Munich manuscript). (denominative of אֲגוּדָּה) to form a union or faction. Sifré Deuteronomy 294, see Nif'al [Bava Bathra 14ᵃ לוחות אוגדות, see אָגַר a. אָכַל.] Nif'al נִפְעַל נֶאֱגַדto be tied up, united etc. Maasroth 1, 5 ירק הנֶ׳ משיֵאָגֵד vegetables ordinarily put up in bunches, are subject to tithes from the time they are tied. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 3, 20ᵈ top of the page—Sifré Deuteronomy 296 שלא תאגוד עליך אגודה (read תֵּאָגֵד) no alliance (of the surrounding nations) shall be formed against thee. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶאֱגִיד , contracted הֵיגִיד, participle מֵיגִיד, מֵגִיד, to tie up, fence in, forbid. Eruvin 21ᵇ; Pesachim 87ᵃ Munich manuscript (play on מגדים Song of Songs 7, 14) שמֵגִידוֹת וכ׳ who forbid etc., see above (Rashi: שמַגִּידוֹת, see נגד, who announce their menstruation); see אָגַד 2. ↗ original
אֲגַד 1to tie. participle passive אָגִיד. Yevamoth 39ᵇ הא אֲגִידָא ביה is she not tied to him?, hence he must marry her. ↗ original
אָגַד 2 (√גד, see נגד a. גדל), Hif'il הֵגִידto stretch, prolong, postpone. Eruvin 21ᵇ; Pesachim 87ᵃ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word גד, see however אָגַד I) שמֵגִידוֹת וכ׳ who postpone (reserve) sexual intimacy for their husbands. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 5, 29ᵈ bottom of the page אני מֵיגֶדֶת וכ׳ I will extend (spend all the time of) my widowhood in my husband’s house. ↗ original
אֲגַד 2 ; to be lengthened. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 19, 13; Deuteronomy 30, 6. Denom. אוֹגְדוּתָא. ↗ original
אֲגַד 3 (foregoing) long staff, whence crutch. Targum 2 Samuel 3, 29 (some edition אגר). pole used as a yoke to carry burdens on the shoulder. Bava Metzia 83ᵃ דדרו בא׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), Manuscript Hamburg, Oxf. etc. (Munich manuscript איגרא, edition אגרא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) who carry a burden on a yoke. Betzah 30ᵃ (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 3); Shabbath 148ᵃ Munich manuscript marg. אגרתא! (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 6). 5. תִּגְדָּא. ↗ original
אֵגֶד (אגד 1) tie, knot. Sukkah 10ᵇ, and frequently צריך א׳ must be tied together. the same place (ibid.) הותר אִגְדּוֹ if the tie of the Lulab became loosened. Eruvin 101ᵇ and the following בניטל באִגְדּוֹ (a. twice אִיגְ׳, Rabbinovicz in D. S. ad loc. (on the passage) באוּגְדּוֹ) when the door pin is handled by pulling the cord knotted to it. bunch. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 2, 41ᵇ א׳ שנטמא a bunch of herbs that became unclean. surgical bandage. Shabbath 53ᵃ ↗ original
אֵגֶד ² Sukkah 33ᵇ אי׳ מעלייתא וכ׳ (fem.!) it requires a substantial binding. ↗ original
אַגָּדָה (נגד, נ absorbed or dropped = הַגָּדָה) tale, story, lesson, especially Agadah, that class of Rabbinovicz literature which explains the Bible homiletically, opposite to Halakhah or legal interpretation (הֲלָכָה, שְׁמוּעָה). Moed Katan 23ᵃ שמ׳ וא׳ a legal tradition and an Agadah (homily). Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 12, 13ᵃ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 6, 15ᶜ מסורת א׳ היא it is a traditional Agadah.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Git. 4, 45ᶜ בא׳ … מאן דייק לן who among us can enter into what thy grandfather said?—בעל א׳ a lecturer on Agadah. Bereshith Rabbah section 94; and frequently—אֲגָּדַת תלים the Agadah on Psalms. the same place (ibid.) section 33.—plural אֲגָדוֹת, אַגָּ׳. Vayikra Rabbah section 22, beginning; and frequently—Cmp. אֲגַדְתָּא. ↗ original
אֲגֻדָּה, plural אֲגֻדּוֹת Tosefta Makhshirin 3, 8 edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.), see אֲגוּדָּה. ↗ original
אֶגְדִּיקוֹס (אֶגְדִּיקָס, popular corruption אנד׳, compare אַנְדִּיסְקֵי) masculine (ecdicus = cognitor sive defensor civitatis, especially in Asia Minor) state’s agent, syndic. Bereshith Rabbah section 12 א׳ ממונה על ביא שלה (edition אנד׳; בית שלו, correct accordingly) when an ecdicus is in the country, he holds the authority over the public road (curator viæ, see בִּיָּא). Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 794 (a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh)) אגר׳, correct accordingly—plural אֶגְדִּיקִין, אנ׳. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 9 (edition אנ׳). ↗ original
אַגְדָּנָא (see גַּד I a. גִּירָּא, Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 23) worm-wood (Rashi: horehound). Avodah Zarah 29ᵃ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. edition (Munich manuscript אוגרנא, with ר), in a prescription against asthma. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 29, 17 אגד׳ (variant reading אגר׳); edition Vienna plural אַגְדָּנַיָּא (אגר׳). ↗ original
אֲגַדְתָּא (= Hebrew אֲגָדָה) Agadah, homiletic literature. Bava Kamma 60ᵇ opposite שמעתתא. Sotah 49ᵃ יהא שמיה רבא דא׳ (abbr. יה"ש"ר) the kaddish (prayer) after lectures. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 16, 15ᶜ the Haggadah, i.e. the recitations for the Passover night. Pesachim 115ᵇ א׳ והלילא Haggadah and Hallel. the same place (ibid.) 116ᵇ מאן דאמר א׳ וכ׳ who recited the Haggai, Book of in the house of R. Joseph (who was blind)? ↗ original
אֵגֶה (אָגָה to sting, see אָגָא, √אג = חג, see חגג) thorn, thorn-bush. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 7, 37ᵇ top of the page—plural אֵגִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 5, 30ᵃ bottom of the page; see הֵיגֶה. ↗ original
אָגוֹגָא (אגג, see אֵגֶה = Hebrew חוֹגֵג which see) cleft, fissure. א׳ דמיאcataract, water-falls (issuing from a fissure). Echah Rabbah to 1, 17 (play on ḥogeg ibid. Psalms 42, 5) כהדין א׳ וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) like the cataract that rests neither etc. [Eduyoth געגעא]. ↗ original
אֱגוֹד (אגד 1) band. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᵃ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 12, 12ᵈ top א׳ מלבינקי a band (of bast) with which mala punica (pomegranates) are tied together.—plural אֱגוֹדִים, const. אֱגוֹדֵי. Peah 6, 10 א׳ השום stalks of garlic plant used for tying bunches; [other opinion bunches of garlic on one stalk], opposite to אגודות tied bunches. [Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 8 אוגוּרֵי edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.), piles of garlic, see אֵגוֹר.] [Bamidbar Rabbah section 4 beginning חטים אגודיהם, see אֵגוֹרִי.] ↗ original
אֲגוּדָּה , see foregoing) bundle, bunch. Bava Metzia 1, 8. Sukkah 33ᵇ כא׳ של וכ׳ as a bunch of herbs is tied; and frequently band, union; faction. Vayikra Rabbah section 30; Bereshith Rabbah section 88 א׳ אחת one brotherhood.—plural אֲגוּדּוֹת. Peah 6, 10; see foregoing Makhshirin 6, 2 א׳ של בית וכ׳ (herb) bunches which have been lying in the market houses; see Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 8.—Yevamoth 13ᵇ (referring to תתגדדו Deuteronomy 14, 1) לא תעשו א׳ א׳ do not form yourselves into religious factions. Berachoth 4ᵃ א׳ א׳ in companies (amusing themselves). בֵּית א׳ proper noun of a family, Beth-Aguddah. Massekheth Sof’rim 4, 1 של ב׳ א׳ … the scribes of the family Beth-Ag. ↗ original
אֲגוּדָל (= גּוּדָל) thumb. Yoma 2, 1. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 6. ↗ original
אֱגוֹז (Biblical Hebrew) nut. Git. 64ᵇ (as signs of mental responsibility) א׳ ונוטלו if you throw a nut to it, and the child picks it up (at the same time throwing a pebble away); and elsewhere—plural אֱגוֹזִים, const. אֱגוֹזֵי. Orlah 3, 8 נתפצעו הא׳ when the nuts are burst open. the same place (ibid.) 7 אגוזי פרך crack-nuts (eatable); and frequently [Tosefta Shabbath 14 (15), 1 אגוז שבספינה edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.), read אוֹגִין, see הוֹגִין.] [For etymol. compare אַגָּס.] ↗ original
אֱגוּזָא ; also nut-tree. Kethuboth 77ᵇ גירדא דא׳ scrapings of the bark of a nut-tree; see אזגא.—Cmp. גּוּזָא, אַמְגּוּזָא. ↗ original
אֱגוֹזָה (see אֱגוֹז) nut-tree. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 6, 11. ↗ original
אָגוּסְטָאAugusta, title of a female member of the imperial family (of Rome), in gen. princess etc. Esther Rabbah to 1, 9. [TanʿHebrew Vaëra 8, א׳, read טוס …] ↗ original
*אָגוּסְטָאן (Augustanus, Augustianus) a servant in a colonia Augustana, (perhaps identical with Curialis or Decurio; compare Gibbon, edition Milm. 2, 142 and the following, Amer. edition). Sanhedrin 26ᵃ יכול לומר … טאן וכ׳ Munich manuscript (manuscript C. a. F. יסטוון … edition אגיסטון, אגיסטין, corrupted אגוסטיין) he may say (as an excuse for tilling in the Sabbath year), I am merely an imperial servant in the estate. ↗ original
אגוסטולי , Bereshith Rabbah section 1, see אגוסטלי ↗ original
אָגוּסְטוֹסAugustus, title of the Roman emperor, in gen. ruler, sovereign. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 12ᵈ bottom of the page as one uses indiscriminately בסיליוס קיסר א׳ (βασιλεύς) Basileus, Cæsar, Augustus; Bereshith Rabbah section 8 (correct accordingly). Shemoth Rabbah section 23, beginning; and frequently—[Bereshith Rabbah section 12 א׳ במדינה edition (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אגבאסטס) read אַגְוִיסְטוֹר or אַגְבָאִיסְטוֹר see אנגיטוס.] ↗ original
אָגוּסְטְיָאנִיAugustiani, a Prætorian legion entitled to proclaim the emperor. Esther Rabbah to 1, 3, end דקומייני א׳ the Decumani (or Decimani) and the Aug.—Bereshith Rabbah section 94 גאו׳ (correct accordingly); see Sachs. Sachs, Beitrage 1, 113 and the following ↗ original
אגוסתא Shemoth Rabbah section 8 some edition, read אגוסטוס. ↗ original
אָגוּף (גּוּף 1, גפף) sexual intercourse. Yerushalmi (prefix) Git. 7, 48ᵈ לשייר לו אֲגוּפָהּ to reserve to himself the right of embracing her; Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 8, 16ᶜ top גופה. door-stop, see אַגַּף.—[אִגּוּף see אַגָּף.] ↗ original
אֵגוֹר (אגר 1) heap, hill. Tosefta Shevi'ith 3, 3 ואי׳ יוצא וכ׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading ואיגד) and a mound (of arable ground) rises out of it (the rock).—plural אֵגוֹרִים, אֵיג׳; const. אֵיגוֹרֵי. Tosefta Peah 3, 8 אוגורי השום edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading אגידי, אגודות, edition אגודי, see אֱגוֹד) heaps of garlic on the field, not yet bunched. ↗ original
אֱגוֹרָא 1 ; especially heathen altar (compare Biblical Hebrew גַּל). Targum Judges 6, 25; and frequently—plural אֱגוֹרִין, אֵיג׳, אֲגוֹרַיָּא, אֵי׳. Targum 2 Kings 21, 3; and frequently ↗ original
אֵגוֹרִי (see אֵגוֹר, אֲגוֹרָה)fit for storage, of good quality. Kelim 17, 8 the olive (as a size standard) … neither large nor small, but of medium size, זה א׳ which is the kind called egori. Berachoth 39ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 1, 63ᵈ (etymol. explanation); see אִבְרוֹסִי. Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 851 זית א׳. Bereshith Rabbah section 91, end מור אי׳ myrrh fit for storage.—plural אֵגוֹרִין Bamidbar Rabbah section 4 beginning חטים אגודיהן, read אֵגוֹרִין הם are all storage wheat (opposite טינופת). Cmp. אגרו. ↗ original
אַגָּחוּתָא (גוח, נגח) fighting. Targum Psalms 110, 3; and elsewhere ↗ original
אגטין , Sanhedrin 91ᵃ, see לֶגְטוֹן;—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᵃ see אַגְבִּין. ↗ original
אַגְטְרַגְטָא (καταῤῥάκτης, cataracta) cataract, cascade.—plural אַגְטְרַגְטַיָּיא Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 1, beginning 80ᵇ אילין א׳ מה וכ׳ what is your opinion about those cascades? ↗ original
אגין Tanchuma Emor. 18, see בַּאיִין.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 2, 5ᵇ כפר א׳, read אָנוּן = חָנוּן Bereshith Rabbah section 6. ↗ original
*אַגֵּין (denominative of אגן, אוגנא, Pa'el) to form disks or cakes (of wax). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᵇ bottom of the page ההן דא׳ גיר קררין he who forms cakes of wax dust (on a Sabbath). ↗ original
אגינו Bereshith Rabbah section 56, some edition אנונו—a corrupt passage, probably to be read: ששמר את גנו משבולת הנהר והקיף את גן בנו עמו. ↗ original
אָגִיסwife’s brother or kindred, brother-in-law, see גִּיס. Sanhedrin 3, 7 edition Yerushalmi (prefix); and frequently ↗ original
אָגִיר (אֲגַר) hired man, laborer. Targum Job 7, 1; 2; and frequently—plural אֲגִירֵי. Bava Metzia 76ᵇ and the following (interch. in edition with. אגירי, correct accordingly). ↗ original
אגיש Echah Rabbah to 1, 21; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Anokhi p. 138ᵇ, see גּוּשׁ I↗ original
אִגְלָא (see גַּל, גלל)outside-door, city-gate.—plural אִגְלֵי, אִיגְלֵי. Bava Bathra 8ᵃ הכל לאי׳ גפא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition לאג׳. all must contribute towards keeping the city gates in repair.; Bava Metzia 108ᵃ (Munich manuscript גַלֵּי). ↗ original
אֲגָלִיםrounded things, rain-drops. Chagigah 12ᵇ עליית א׳ (allus. to Job 38, 28) the upper store in heavens containing the rains. [5. variant reading lect. in Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 200.] ↗ original
אֲגַם 1to be bent, whence to be in grief. Targum Psalms 119, 28. ↗ original
אֲגַם 2 see foregoing a. anything bending and peeling, whence leek, or leek-like plants, opposite to שחת young grain etc. Kiddushin 62ᵇ this refers only to shaḥathאבל בא׳ לא but not to ăgam. the same place (ibid.) מאי משמע דהאי א׳ לישנא דבוצלנא הוא (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) דבוצלא) what proof have you that ăgam in this case has the meaning of onion-plants? (Answ. referring to אגמון Isaiah 58, 5). (Biblical Hebrew) reed, reed-land (juncetum), dwelling places of wild beasts, opposite שָׂדֶה cultivated land. Taanith 22ᵃ ↗ original
אַגָּם (גמם) a field which requires clearing in order to be made arable, uncleared ground containing roots of trees etc. Avodah Zarah 38ᵃ הצית את האור בא׳ set fire to an uncleared field. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 44ᵈ bottom of the page א׳ תמרים a field on which palms stood, the roots of which must be grubbed up. ↗ original
אַגַּמָּא Avodah Zarah 38ᵃ לגלוי א׳ וכ׳ his intention was merely to clear the ground. ↗ original
אַגְמָא (גום, see אֲגַם) a depression, stagnant water, lake; also marshland, meadow. Bava Metzia 36ᵇ הבלא דא׳ the vapors of the meadow; and frequently קטל קני בא׳ to cut reeds in the meadow = to be illiterate. Shabbath 95ᵃ; Sanhedrin 33ᵃ.—plural אֲגָמִין, אַגְמַיָּא. Targum Isaiah 35, 7; and elsewhere—אַגְמֵי. Shabbath 77ᵇ דייר בא׳ grazes in meadows. ↗ original
אַגְמָא 2Agma, in Babylon. Bava Metzia 86ᵃ.—Bava Bathra 127ᵃ; Kiddushin 72ᵃ אקרא דא׳ Akra d’Agma, see אַקְרָא Sanhedrin 38ᵇ אקרא דא׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אגמא דוקירי; other var. see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). ↗ original
אַגְמָה (see אֲגַם I,) especially אַגְמַת נפש (עַגְ׳) grief of the soul. Moed Katan 14ᵇ; and frequently Munich manuscript, section Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) א׳ (edition ע). ↗ original
אַגְמוֹןreed, cane.—בעל הא׳ cane-bearer, a subordinate executive officer. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 9, 24ᵇ top; and elsewhere, see זְמוֹרָה. ↗ original
אַגָּנָא , see אוֹגֶן) basin, kettle. Shabbath 110ᵃ א׳ דתיחלא a basin filled with cress. Avodah Zarah 31ᵃ א׳ אפומא וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition דפ׳) a basin-like vessel placed over the opening of the cask. Pesachim 45ᵇ.—Berachoth 22ᵃ בא׳ דמיא in a bath tub.—plural אַגָּנִין, אַגָּנֵי, אֲנָ׳. Targum Isaiah 65, 11.—Pesachim 30ᵇ א׳ דמחוזא the kneading basins of Mâḥuza.—מֵישַׁר אֲגָנַיָיא proper noun of a place Targum Judges 4, 11; Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 70ᵃ bottom of the page אגנייא דקדש, later name of בצעניםpools of Kadesh. [Bava Kamma 61ᵇ אגני דארעא Manuscript Rome, ponds of the field, see בָּאגָנָא a. נָאגָנָא.] ↗ original
*אגניטוס (variant reading see below) name of a Roman general in the days of R. Yoḥ. b. Zakkai, or of R. Gamliël, probably a corruption of אגוינטוסQuintus, or אגויטוסQuietus; [Graetz: Atticus, see Monatsschr. 1885 p. 17 and the following]. Sifré Deuteronomy 351 אגניטוס. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 1, 19ᵇ top אנגטוס; the same place (ibid.) ᶜ bottom of the page אנטונונוס; the same place (ibid.) ᵈ top אנטיגנס. Bamidbar Rabbah section 4 (קונגטיס) הונגטוס; Bechoroth 5ᵃ קונטרוקוס. [אגוינטוס, קוינטוס, קוינגטוס seem most probable.] ↗ original
אֲגַנְתָּא = אַגָּנָא. Targum 2 Esther 1, 2. (גנן) protection, guard. Bamidbar Rabbah section 12; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 91, 2 maḥăsi (Psalms the passage cited) means אֲגַנְתִּיmy guard↗ original
אַגָּס (Tosefta עוּגָּס) masculine (גוס, גסס to swell, see גַּס 3, compare תַּפּוּחַ) pear, pear-tree. [In other Semit. dial. except Syriac (Peshitta), plum, Fleisher, appendix to Levys Targumic or Talmudic Lexicon to Levi Talmud Dictionary under the word] Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 1, 27ᵃ bottom of the page; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 4. the same place (ibid.) 2, 15 (variant reading עובש).—plural אַגָּסִים, עוּגָּסִים) אַגָּסִין). Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 11, 47ᵈ bottom of the page Kilayim 1, 4. Tosefta Shevi'ith 7, 16; and frequently [Cmp. אֱגוֹז, especially Song of Songs 6, 11, where the context points to fruits in gen. Cmp. חָבוּשׁ.] ↗ original
אֶגְסִיטֵרִין (ἐξιτήριον S.) farewell-address, bequest. [Mostly corruption] Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 84. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 86, 1. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 27. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Aḥaré p. 175ᵃ; 175ᵇ סקווטריס; Vayikra Rabbah section 21 סקויטרים, read אקסיטרין (see Buber to Pesikta d'Rav Kahana the passage cited). ↗ original
אגע Koheleth Rabbah to 3, 14, read פָּגַע (Mattnoth Khunnah). ↗ original
אָגַף (sec. root or radix of גְּפַף, see גּוּף) to fill up a hole with pitch etc. Bava Kamma 105ᵃ. ↗ original
אַגָּף (גּוּף 1) the moulding or eminence of the door frame against which the door shuts, door-stop (especially of door-ways in thick city walls etc. with reference to sacred limits in sacrificial law). Pesachim 7, 12 מן הא׳ ולפנים וכ׳ the space of the wall inside the door-stop is subject to the laws which apply to the space enclosed by the wall. the same place (ibid.) 85ᵇ א׳ עצמו the stop itself and the corresponding space. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 7, 35ᵇ אגוף. ↗ original
אֲגַף com. (see foregoing = גַּף; compare Biblical Hebrew אֲגַפִּים) wing, pinion. plural אֲגַפִּים; Dualאֲגַפַּיִים. Nega'im 14, 1. Bereshith Rabbah section 39; and elsewhere winged animals, poultry. Sukkah 42ᵃ arms, shoulders of a human being. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 7, 24ᵇ bottom of the page יכול יטלינו מבין הא׳ you might think the convict must be cut through at the arm-pits. Shabbath 129ᵃ חבירותיה נושאות וכ׳ her mates lift her by her arms. banks of river etc. Bava Kamma 61ᵃ a rivulet which imparts שלל לאֲגַפֶּיהָ booty (alluvium) to its banks. Bava Bathra 99ᵇ שכלו א׳ whose embankments have disappeared (washed away). ↗ original
אֲגַפָּא , wing. Bereshith Rabbah section 75, beginning מנערא אֲגַפָּהּ וכ׳ shakes her wings to shake the ashes off. [Targum Ezek. 1, 14, probably אַנְפָּא.]. [Bava Bathra 8ᵃ, see גַּפָּא.]—plural אֲגַפַּיָּא, const. אֲגַפֵּי. Targum Song of Songs 5, 11. Cmp. גַּדְפָא, גַּפָּא. ↗ original
אָגַר 1 , see גרר) to gather, collect. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 3, 41ᵃ top (explained ăgartlé, Ezr. 1, 9). Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 1, 63ᵈ bottom of the page שהוא אוֹגֵר וכ׳ it stores up its oil, (does not-let it trickle out), see אֵגוֹרִי; Berachoth 39ᵃ שמנו אָגוּר וכ׳ its oil remains stored up.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Niddah 3, beginning 50ᶜ top דם אָגוּר blood collected in one place.—Transferred to store up thoughts, arguments. Sifré Deuteronomy 16 (play on géro Deuteronomy 1, 16) זה שאוֹגֵר עליו דברים that means him who heaps arguments up against him (his opponent in litigation). Shemoth Rabbah section 6 אגור שא׳ דברי תורה (variant reading שאִיגֵּרPi.) he is called Agur (Proverbs 30, 1) because he collected words of the Law (stored up knowledge); Koheleth Rabbah beginning שאָגוּר בד"ת because he was stored (or girded, see אָגַר 2) with knowledge. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 1 end. [Shabbath 60ᵃ אוגרת edition, see אָגַד.] Nif'al נִפְעַל נֶאֱגַרto be gathered. Bamidbar Rabbah section 20 beginning (play on ויגר Numbers 22, 3) וחן נֶאֱגָרִין לעריהם and they were gathered to their towns (for defence). Hif'il הִפְעִיל הוֹגִיר, , to store up. Tosefta Demai 1, 10 המוֹגִירוֹת the store-keepers’ places; see מוֹגָרָה, מוֹגֶרֶת. ↗ original
אֲגַר 1 ; Pa. אַגַּרto heap up. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 1, 16 דמְאַגַּר וכ׳ (edition Vienna edition מֶאֱגַר—) who heaps up litigations, see foregoing [Targum Psalms 104, 7 למיגר manuscript, see נְגַד.] ↗ original
אָגַר 2 (√אג, see חגר).). to gird, arm. Midrash Proverbs to 30, 1 שא׳ חלציו who girded his loins for wisdom; Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs ad loc. (on the passage) participle passive אָגוּר, see אָגַר I. to halt, whence participle feminine אוֹגֶרֶת (supply (understood word) סַכִּין) a knife having indentations which catch the passing nail of the examiner. Chullin 17ᵇ.— to occupy space. Bava Bathra 14ᵃ (intercharging with אָכַל which see). ↗ original
אֲגַר 2 (אָגַר) (√אג, akin to חכר; see foregoing) properly to tie, whence to hire, employ, rent. Targum Genesis 30, 16; and frequently—Koheleth Rabbah to 4, 6; Vayikra Rabbah section 3 beginning (proverb) גינא וכ׳ דא׳ he who rents one garden will eat birds; him who rents gardens, the birds will eat. Git. 73ᵃ אגור מלחי they hired boatsmen. Sanhedrin 73ᵃ מֵיגַר אֲגִירֵי to hire help. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, 64ᵇ bottom of the page מיגר זנייתא hiring prostitutes. Bava Metzia 79ᵃ; and frequently Af'el הִפְעִיל אוֹגַרsame. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 23, 5 (4).—Bava Metzia 77ᵃ (interch. with Pe.) (אגירי) אוגיר אגורי engages laborers. to rent out, lease. Eruvin 63ᵇ אוֹגַר לן רשותך lease to us thy property. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 6, 25ᵇ top of the page Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, 64ᵇ bottom of the page אוגרית חמרי I hired my ass out. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִיתַּגַּר,Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְּגַר (contracted of איתאגר) to be hired, to work as a laborer. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 23, 25; and elsewhere—Yoma 20ᵇ (proverb) אי תגרת וכ׳ (combine into one word) when thou hast hired thyself out to one, comb his wool (shrink from no labor). ↗ original
אֲגַר 3 (foregoing) rent, wages; reward, profit. Targum Genesis 15, 1; and frequently—Bava Metzia 63ᵇ א׳ נטר ליה compensation for waiting (giving time for delivery), i.e. advancing the money to the seller. the same place (ibid.) 68ᵇ פלגא בא׳ כ׳ half profit or loss. the same place (ibid.) 69ᵇ א׳ ופגרא payment for carrying freight, and indemnity to the boatsmen in case of wreck. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 2, 81ᵇ top א׳ וקרנא profit and principal (cost-price).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 2, 8ᶜ top מא׳ כל הדין עלמא than all profit this world can offer.—2) that which deserves reward, meritorious deed. Berachoth 6ᵇ א׳ דפירקא ריהטא the merit in attending a lecture lies in running [to it] (anxiety to hear it). [אֲגַר, אַגְרָאstaff, pole, see אגד.] ↗ original
אֲגַרְדְּמִיס (frequently אגרדמים) masculine (a corruption of ἀγοράνομος, see אַגְרוֹנִימוֹס) agoranomos, corresponding to the Roman ædilis, market commissioner, gauger, etc. Avodah Zarah 58ᵃ א׳ נכרי (כותי, manuscript 5. גוי א׳) a gentile agoran.—Bava Kamma 98ᵃ א׳ טייעא an Arabian agoran.—Bava Bathra 89ᵃ מעמידין א׳ וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition מִין—plur.) an agoran. may be appointed for superintending measures, but not for fixing the prices.—plural אֲגַרְדְּמִין Bava Bathra the passage cited (see above). [Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Asser p. 96ᵃ לא׳ שיצא (singular) Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition להגרונימוס read לא׳, compare Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 729).]—אֲגַרְדִּימִים Sifra K’doshim Chaldaic (Aramaic) 8; compare Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 5, 15ᵃ bottom of the page [Oth. corruption see Pesikta d'Rav Kahana the passage cited note.] ↗ original
אִגְּרוּ (אגר 1, Pi; compare אֵגוֹרִי) (grain) fit for storage, of superior quality. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 4, beginning 54ᵈ מן הא׳ על השמתית וכ׳ T’rumah may be taken from the stored-up wheat for the wheat which has to be quickly disposed of, or vice versa. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah. 2, 17ᵃ חצי איגדו וכ׳ (read איגרו). Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 5, 54ᵃ שחתית ונמצאת אגרון (correct accordingly) from dark colored wheat (inferior), and found it was igg’ru (superior). [R. Simson to Peah 2, 5 quotes אֵגוֹרִי; El. W. in Sh’noth El. ibid. אֲגוֹרָה.] [Bava Bathra 5, 6 has לבנהwhite, pure for our word] ↗ original
אַגְרוֹמֵי (a corruption of אגרונומי, compare אגרדמיס a. next. article) costum-collectors, (compare Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Agoranomos). Bereshith Rabbah section 75 edition (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) איגרמי). ↗ original
אַגְרוֹנִימוֹס (corrupted אַגְרוֹנוֹ׳), contracted אַנְגַּרְמוֹס masculine (ἀγοράνομος) agoranomos, market-commissioner; see אֲגַרְדְּמִיס a. אַגְרוֹמֵי. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 2, 22ᶜ top שהיה א׳ גדול the agor. was an influential man. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 4, 44ᵇ top of the page Vayikra Rabbah section 1 אגרונימון (correct accordingly). Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 5, 15ᵃ bottom of the page אנג׳ (twice); and frequently ↗ original
אֶגְרוֹףfist; fig. power, usurpation. Kelim 17, 12. Shemoth Rabbah section 1.—בעל א׳ mighty, violent. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah. 7, 20ᶜ top; see below.—Sotah 41ᵇ אגרופָהּ של חנופה the power of sycophancy.—plural אֶגְרוֹפִים, אֶגְרוֹפִין. Kiddushin 76ᵇ בעלי א׳ וכ׳ the men of power of the house of David; Sanhedrin 49ᵃ. Pesachim 53ᵇ בעל א׳ a strong, violent man (opposite גברא רבה a great man). ↗ original
אַגְרוּפִּינָאAgrippina, one of the signal stations for announcing the New-Moon, probably a tower or height near Cæsarea Philippi, enlarged by Agrippa 2. Rosh Hashanah 2, 4 (22ᵇ) לא׳ … מא׳ Munich manuscript 2, Mishnah Nap. (edition מג׳ … לג׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) edition מגְּרִיפּ׳ …; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 4). ↗ original
אַגְרִיאוֹן (ἄγριος, neut. or. according) wild (opposite אִימִירוֹן which see); rough. Bereshith Rabbah section 77; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 6 כלב א׳. Bamidbar Rabbah section 11 (refer. to Genesis 3, 8) שומע הקול א׳ after sinning, Adam heard the divine voice as a harsh one. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 7 (correct accordingly). Pesikta Rabbati section 15 בזעף א׳ וכ׳ … (leave out hebr. words as glosses to explain the Greek). ↗ original
אַגְרִיפַּס (Ἀγρίππας) Agrippa, the last but one Herodian king of Judæa. Sotah 7, 8. Vayikra Rabbah section 3; and frequently—2) a captain of the former.—Avodah Zarah 55ᵃ אגריפא שר צבא של א׳ Munich manuscript (see Rashi ad loc. (on the passage) a. Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). ↗ original
*אִגְּרַתIgrath, name of the queen of demons Pesachim 111ᵃ א׳ אזלת (an incantation). the same place (ibid.) 112ᵃ. Bamidbar Rabbah section 12. Cmp. נְגִירָא. ↗ original
אִגֶּרֶת , to join, see especially Sanhedrin 11ᵇ; ושלש איגרות וכ׳) tablet, letter, brief, document. Git. 9, 3 (formula of a letter of divorce) ספר … וא׳ … וגט וכ׳. the same place (ibid.) 85ᵇ ולא … איגרת … אלא אגרת one must not write (in the letter of divorce) egereth with אי׳ which might mean roof (see אִיגָר), but etc. Kethuboth 64ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 59ᵃ bottom of the page א׳ מרד a document stating a wife’s disobedience. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 4, 75ᵇ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 1, 19ᵇ top א׳ ביקורת a document fixing the value of a property, see אַכְרָזָה.—plural אִגָּרוֹת, אִיגָּרוֹת. Moed Katan 3, 3 א׳ שׁל רשות secular, social correspondence, opposite religious correspondence; compare Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 82ᵃ bottom of the page; [commentaries: documents of secular government, see רָשׁוּת]. the same place (ibid.); Bava Metzia 1, 8 א׳ שׁום א׳ מזון documents relating to legal assessment and to alimony. ↗ original
אגש Echah Rabbah to 1, 21; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Anokhi p. 138ᵇ, see גּוּשׁ↗ original
אַדְּ־ insep. insep. conjunct. (= עַד דְּ־; compare אַ־) properly until that; by the time that; hence, while, when, in the place of. Chagigah 5ᵃ אדזוטר when he was young.—Chullin 105ᵇ, and frequently אדהכי or אדהכי והכיin the meanwhile. Pesachim 113ᵃ אדחלא אכרעיך וכ׳ while the travelling dust is yet on thy knees, sell thy goods. Sanhedrin 33ᵇ אדמוקדך יקיד while thy fire-place is lit. Bava Metzia 81ᵃ, and frequently ליתני וכ׳—אדתני in place of stating A let him state B, and A would be implied. (= עַל דְּ־) as regards—, in relation to the statement etc. of—. Kethuboth 21ᵃ אדחד דעמיה on (the testimony) of one who was with him. Bava Bathra 159ᵇ, and frequently קשיא דרבא אַדְּרָבָא there is a contradiction between (one opinion) of Raba and another opinion of Raba; Bava Metzia 18ᵃ אַדְּרַבָּה … of Rabbah (not to be confounded with אַדְרַבָּא which see). Megillah 20ᵃ אַדְּיוֹם in relation to (the reading of the Book of Esther) in day-time. ↗ original
אֵדvapor, cloud. Bereshith Rabbah section 13 (homil. etym.). אד שהוא שובר אידן וכ׳ cloud is called ēd (destroyer) because it breaks the ēd (distress of scarcity) looked forward to by the speculators in the market. 5. אֵיד. ↗ original
אָדָא 1 (see הָא) this, that. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 3. end, 7ᵃ, and frequently הדא אמרת היא הדא היא א׳ this shows that this is like that, i.e. all the same. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 4, end, 22ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original
אָדָא 2 (see אָדָא 4) Ada, name of several Amoraim; (see Frankel Meb. Yerushalmi (prefix) p. 61ᵇ). Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 10, 47ᵇ bottom of the page Pesachim 80ᵃ; and frequently—Most prominent among them R. Ada bar Ahăba or Aḥăva. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 3, end, 67ᵃ; Babylonian ibid. 20ᵇ; and frequently A. דיילא, דיאלא (attendant of scholars). Bava Kamma 119ᵃ. Bamidbar Rabbah section 9. a slave. Kiddushin 70ᵇ ↗ original
אָדָא 4צֹדֶה; compare Biblical Hebrew עַדprey, a. אֵידdestruction) fowler, one who puts up baits, snares etc. for other people’s doves. Sanhedrin 25ᵃ (explain. mafriḥe yonim, Mishn.) אמר א׳—ר׳ Munich manuscript a. Oxf., a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition ארא; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage), a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh)) R—says, the Mishnah means a fowler (to be disqualified as witness etc.). ↗ original
אֶדְבַּעfinger. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 19, 4; and elsewhere ↗ original
אַדְדָא (אַדְרָא edition) masculine (√אד, see אָדַר, compare חד, חדר, חדק etc.) fish-bone sticking in the throat. Shabbath 67ᵃ לא׳ וכ׳ against a fish-bone in the throat, say this spell. [For דד a. דר compare אודדא.] ↗ original
אדדם Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 8, see דדי Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original
אדהי , Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 4, 29ᵇ, bottom of the page, read אָדָא I (compare Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin I 19ᶜ bottom of the page הדה וכ׳ a. correct accordingly) ↗ original
אַדְווּתָא (Syriac (Peshitta) דועתא דימא P. S. 933, דוע to sweat, drip; compare אֵד) properly sweat, א׳ דימאfoam of the Sea. Bava Bathra 4ᵃ; Sukkah 51ᵇ (Munich manuscript אידותא) the Temple building of marble looks like a surging Sea (from a distance). Cmp. אוּדְיָיתָא a. אֲזִי. ↗ original
אָדוֹם , אֲדוּמָּה feminine (Biblical Hebrew red. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 3, שושנה א׳ red rose (euphem. for menstruation).—פרה א׳ red cow, used for purification ceremonies (Numbers 19). Avodah Zarah 24ᵃ; and frequently—Echah Rabbah to 4, 5, see קְלוּרִית.—plural אֲדוּמִּים, אֲדוּמּוֹת; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 2, 53ᵈ, see אֲדַמְדָּם.—Bereshith Rabbah section 89; and frequently ↗ original
אֱדוֹם proper noun of a male person Edom, surname of Esau, son of Isaac; mostly used as a nom. gentil. Edomite, Edomite nation fem. (supply (understood word) מלכות) Rome, Roman government (owing to the dependence of Herod on Rome). Shemoth Rabbah section 35; and frequently Ibid. מלכות א׳; and frequently [In subsequent ages: Christianity.] ↗ original
אֱדוֹמִיEdomite, Idumean. Kethuboth 30ᵃ חייבי עשה מצרי וא׳ the laws of intermarriage with Egyptians and Edomites as implied in Deuteronomy 23, 8.—Pesachim 3, 1 חומץ הא׳ Idumean vinegar; and elsewhere—Sanhedrin 12ᵃ ולא הניחן א׳ הלז Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Munich manuscript (later edition under censorial influences ארמי, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) and that Edomite (disguise for Roman government, see foregoing) would not permit them.—Fem. אֲדוֹמִית.—plural אֲדוֹמִיּוֹת. Kethuboth 64ᵇ שעורין א׳ Idumean barley. ↗ original
אָדוֹן , const. אֲדוֹן (Biblical Hebrew; lord, judge. Chagigah 3ᵇ אֲ׳ כל המעשים Lord of all creatures. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 4, beginning 65ᵇ (allud. to Adon, proper noun, Nehemiah 7, 61) אין דין אין א׳ there is no justice and not judge. Bereshith Rabbah section 89 (play on Kar, Isaiah 30, 23) קירי א׳ Kyri (κύριος) means Lord. ↗ original
אֲדוֹנָהmistress. Bereshith Rabbah section 89 נצטער יוסף עם אֲדוֹנָתוֹ Joseph suffered while being with his mistress. the same place (ibid.) section 98 (play on ben porath Genesis 49, 22) בן שהפר לא׳ וכ׳ the youth that broke (defeated the plans of) his mistress; the youth whom his mistress broke (having him put in prison). the same place (ibid.) (play on vay-mar’ruhu Genesis the same place (ibid.) 23) וכ׳ בן שהמר the youth who made life bitter to his mistress (see version Mattnoth Khunnah ad loc. (on the passage)). ↗ original
אֲדִי (= ידי, Biblical Hebrew הדה) to swing, throw, pitch. Sanhedrin 7ᵃ, see גְּזִיזָא. Bava Kamma 22ᵃ; Betzah 39ᵃ אַדְיֵיה אדויי he threw it off. Bava Kamma 98ᵃ אדייה א׳ he pitched it out of his neighbor’s hands. ↗ original
אדיא Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 1, 49ᵇ, probably אֻרְזָא or אוּרְזָא; see Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, 6ᵇ top of the page ↗ original
אֲדַיִין (= עֲדַיִין; אַד = עַד a. יין = הֵין; Hebrew עַד הֵנָּה) until now; whence, still, yet; as yet. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 8ᵃ bottom of the page אין את לזו וא׳ art thou not yet up to this, i.e. dost thou not yet understand it? Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, 65ᶜ bottom of the page א׳ את לזו. Yerushalmi (prefix) Git. 9, end, 50ᵈ וא׳ את ליי art thou still at that point, i.e. dost thou still ask? Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 1, 15ᶜ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 61ᵇ top וא׳ לחצי וכ׳ and yet he has hardly come up to half the honor due to parents. ↗ original
אַדִּילֵי masculine plural, dialect. for אַרְזִילֵי. Bava Bathra 74ᵇ, see אוּרְזִילָא↗ original
אֲדִימָּא (= Hebrew אָדוֹם) red, full of sap, fresh. Betzah 24ᵇ, Rashi; see however, הֲדַם. ↗ original
אֱדַיִן (= Hebrew אֲזַי, אָז; √ד־ = Hebrew ז־) at that time, thereupon. Daniel 2, 15; 17; 19.—בֵּאדַ׳ at the same time, forthwith. Ibid. 14; 35.—מן א׳ from that time. Ezra 5, 16. ↗ original
אַדִּיר ; distinguished, glorious, mighty.—plural אַדִּירִים. Menachoth 53ᵃ ↗ original
אַדִּיר ² Targum Onkelos Exodus 15, 6; and frequently ↗ original
*אֲדֵירָא = דֵּיר, rim, border. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, 5ᵈ bottom of the page leaned a vessel לא׳ דתנורא (variant reading לאוירא) against the rim of a heated store. ↗ original
אד"ךAdakh, substitute of תקל (Daniel 5, 25) by permutation of letters called א"תב"ש which see Sanhedrin 22ᵃ. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 4 אנם (correct accordingly). ↗ original
אַדְכָּרָה (דְּכַר) mention, especially invocation of the Lord, Divine Name. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 8ᵃ top לכל חדא וחדא מנהון אדכרה for each benediction an invocation. Rosh Hashanah 18ᵇ בטילת אדכרתא the use of the Divine Name in legal documents was abolished. (= Biblical Hebrew אַזְכָּרָח) memorial offering. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 2, 2; and elsewhere ↗ original
אִדְכָּרוּ (see foregoing) remembrance, mention. Targum Psalms 30, 5 manuscript … רוּ; edition רוּת …↗ original
אֲדָל (√אד, עד dial. = חד, גד; compare גַּד I, גִּידָּא 2, חַרְדָּל) garden-cress, summer-savory. Tosefta Shevi'ith 5, 11 (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) אדיל). ʿUktsin 3, 4 ע׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 7, 37ᶜ bottom of the page ערל; the same place (ibid.) 37ᵇ bottom of the page ערלה (correct accordingly) ↗ original
אַדְלָקָה (= הַדְלָקָה) lighting. plural אַדְלָקוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 7, beginning 37ᵇ מיני א׳ sorts of plants used for lighting purposes. ↗ original
אֲדַם , see הֲדַם. [see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim to Avodah Zarah 38ᵇ, Betzah 24ᵇ, note.] ↗ original
אָדַם , see דמם) [to be viscous, thick, dark] to be red, grow red. Pi'el פִּעֵל אִדֵּםto redden, make red. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᶜ top המְאַדֵּם אודם he who produces a red spot (congestion of blood, on a Sabbath). Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶאֱדִים (Biblical Hebrew) (Biblical Hebrew) to be, grow red. Bamidbar Rabbah section 9 (p. 231ᵇ edition Amsterdam edition) מַאֲדֶמֶת (היתה) if she was red-faced. Chullin 53ᵇ; and frequently to cause to blush, put to shame (usually הלבין). Bamidbar Rabbah section 4 (p. 218ᵈ edition Amsterdam edition) (play on עובד אדום).—participle מַאֲדִים the planet Mars. Shabbath 156ᵃ.—participle Hof. מְאָדָּם, מְאוּדָּם. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᶜ top מְאָדָּמִים dyed red. ↗ original
אָדָם masculine (Biblical Hebrew) man, proper noun of a male person Adam, frequ. א׳ הראשון (abbr. אה"ר). Bereshith Rabbah section 17; and frequently—ספרו של, ספרא דאה"ר אה"ר the (allegorical) book of Adam containing all generations and their leaders from beginning to resurrection, i.e. destinies of humanity. Shemoth Rabbah section 40 beginning Bava Metzia 85ᵇ bottom of the page ↗ original
אֲדָם (= דָּם, דְּמָא) blood. Targum I Chronicles, Book of 22, 7; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 5, 56ᵈ top מגבלא אַדְמֵיה to mix its (the bird’s) blood. Git. 47ᵃ; see חוּל 2. plural אַדְמִין. Targum I Chronicles the passage cited; and elsewhere ↗ original
אֲדַמְדָּם (Biblical Hebrew) reddish. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 3, 53ᵈ איזהו א׳ שׁבאדומים which of the red colors is called adamdam?—Shevuoth 6ᵃ reddish leprosy (Leviticus 13, 42); and elsewhere ↗ original
אֲדָמָה , compare foregoing; thick and moist) [earth], clay. Bereshith Rabbah section 14 the potter takes sand (עפר) which is male (masc. gender) and clay (אדמה) which is female (fem. gender).—Shabbath 8, 5 א׳ כחותם וכ׳ as much clay as is required for a seal on bag-knots. [For the meaning of the phonetic equivalents of our word in other Semit. tongues, see Ges. H. Dictionary under the word] ↗ original
אַדְמוּמִית (אדם) redness. Chullin 87ᵇ, and elsewhere מראה א׳ reddish color. ↗ original
אַדְמוֹןAdmon, one of the justices of the peace in Jerusalem. Kethuboth 13, 1.—the same place (ibid.) 105ᵃ א׳ בן גדאי. ↗ original
אַדְמוֹנִיruddy, gold-colored, especially with refer. to hair. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 1, 36ᵈ bottom of the page ↗ original
אֲדָמִיAdami (Joshua 19, 33). Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 70ᵃ bottom of the page וא׳ דמיןAdami changes into Damin↗ original
אֲדַמְתָּא (= Hebrew אֲדָמָה) earth. Targum Onkelos Genesis 2, 5; and frequently ↗ original
אֶדֶן see אוּדְנָא 3; √דן, base, pedestal. plural אֲדָנִים. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᵈ top; Babl. the same place (ibid.) 98ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 1, 45ᵈ bottom of the page ↗ original
אַדְנוּת (אָדוֹן) lordship, authority. Bereshith Rabbah section 93; and elsewhere ↗ original
אֲדֹנָי plur. excellentiæ) the Lord, Adonai. Bereshith Rabbah section 17; Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 23. ↗ original
אַדְנֵיname of a mythical animal, orangoutang(?). Kilayim 7, 5, defined Yerushalmi (prefix) ibid. 31ᶜ bottom of the page בר נש דטורmountain-man, brought forth by the mountain and drawing nourishment from the ground (compare Job 5, 23). Koheleth Rabbah to 6, 11. ↗ original
אָדַק (√אד, see הדק, חדק)to squeeze into, fasten. participle passive אָדוּק, plural אֲדוּקִים, אֲדוּקִיןfastened to. Bava Bathra 77ᵇ בשאדוקין בו Munich manuscript (edition באד׳) when the mules are attached to the wagon; compare טכס a. טקס (compare אָחוּז under the word אחז) holding fast. Bava Metzia 7ᵃ; 7ᵇ and the following ↗ original
אֲדַק , (neut. see) to be fastened, stick to. Targum Lamentations 4, 8.—participle pass. אָדִיק, attached, cleaving to. Targum Psalms 22, 16 א׳ ל־ manuscript (edition אדביק). Targum Exodus 28, 28; and elsewhere Pa'el פִּעֵל אַדֵּקto fasten to, to cause to take hold. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 28, 21. to seize, take hold of. Ibid. id5 ויאדקונכון (edition Vienna edition a. other ויערק׳ corrupted ד for ר). Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְאַדֵּקto join, cling to. Targum Job. 41, 9; 15 (manuscript מידבק). ↗ original
*אדקולאון Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 11 לא׳ בן הדימה (variant reading לאר׳ כן) a gloss inserted in the text, and which read לאו דוקא אלא כן הדימם ‘not to be taken literally’ (that the Divine Word kissed every Israelite etc.), ‘but he made them so imagine’. ↗ original
אָדַרto cut off, surround, isolate; whence (Biblical Hebrew) to distinguish.—Den. אַדִּיר. (Assyr. see אֲדָר) to darken. *to strip. compare עדר.—Bava Kamma 11ᵃ (referring to עד Exodus 22, 12, see עַד in H. Dictionary) יביא אֲדוּרָה לב"ד Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition עֲדוּדָה, see עדד; manuscript ארורה, correct accordingly) let him bring the stripped (the remnants of the torn animal, skin etc.) before court for assessment of damages. ↗ original
אֲדַר see אִדְּרָא, אִדְרָא, אִדְּרוֹנָא.Pa'el פִּעֵל אַדַּרto distinguish. Sanhedrin 63ᵇ (play on Adrammelekh 2 Kings 16, 31) דא׳ ליה וכ׳ (the mule) that gives distinction to its owner when travelling. ↗ original
אֲדָר Assyr. the cloudy; see Fred. Delitzsch, The Hebr. Lang. p. 15) Adar, the twelfth month of the Jewish calendar, containing twenty nine days, and varying between the eleventh of February and the twenty eighth of March. In leap years: א׳ רִאשֹׁוןFirst Adar, of thirty days duration between the thirty first of January and the tenth of March; א׳ שֵׁנִיSecond Adar, of twenty nine days, between the second of March and the eighth of April. Targum 2 Esther 9, 29; and frequently—Megillah 1, 4; and frequently—plural אֲדָרִים, אֲדָרִין. Rosh Hashanah 19ᵇ ↗ original
אִדַּר (אדר, נדר see אָדַר) a place cut off, circle (compare זִירָה), whence threshing place, barn; also the grain piled up in the barn for threshing; compare גּוֹרֶן. Targum Hosea 2, 11 בעידן א׳ at the season of its being piled up; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 63 the shovel דאפיך אי׳ which upturns the grain in the barn (= prayer averting evil decrees). the same place (ibid.) (play on אדרת Genesis 25, 25) כקש מא׳ like chaff from the barn. Ruth Rabbah to 3, 3 להיכן אקימתא א׳ where didst thou put up the barn?—plural אִידְּרַיָּא, אִדְּרֵי etc. Daniel 2, 35. Targum I Samuel 23, 1; and elsewhere Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 3 (homilet. rendition of הסהר אגן Song of Songs the passage cited) א׳ דאזהרה a rounded place (compare גורן, זירה) of enlightenment, i.e. hall of the Sanhedrin. [With א or נ rejected: בי דרי. Taanith 3ᵇ. Bava Metzia 73ᵃ.] ↗ original
אֵדֶר 1 (see אָדַר 3) skin, hide, leather-bag. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 4, 55ᶜ אדר תורתא hide of a cow. the same place (ibid.) אדרא (ברא) דתבנא; Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 (חד כותאי 2) אדר דתבן Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition דור) a hide stuffed with straw. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 5, 36ᵃ top א׳ דאילין חכימא וכ׳ the leather of these bottles is distinguishable from the leather of those.—plural אוּדְרְיָיתָא. Shevuoth 29ᵇ תליסר א׳ דתבנא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אורוותא; Manuscript Florence אדידתא, see Rashi ad loc. (on the passage)) thirteen bagfuls of straw; Nedarim 25ᵃ ↗ original
אֵדֶר 2 Chaldaic (Aramaic) masculine (see אָדַר) [thick-leaved, dark] a cedar species, probably Spanish Juniper. Rosh Hashanah 23ᵃ מאי קדרוס (ם) אדרא Munich manuscript (edition קתרוס) what is kedros (κέδρος)? Adara. Sanhedrin 108ᵇ what is gofer? רב אמר אדרא דבי ר׳ שילא אמר וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a manuscript Fleisher, appendix to Levys Targumic or Talmudic Lexicon (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)); compare Bereshith Rabbah section 31; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 51.—Betzah 15ᵇ יטע אדר וכ׳ let him plant an edar (allud. to addir etc., Psalms 93, 4); א"נ אדרא וכ׳ or adara as its (popular or Chaldaic (Aramaic)) name is; as people say, it is called adara because it lasts for generations (א־דרא). Git. 69ᵇ אטרף א׳ leaves of ad. the same place (ibid.) מיא דא׳ decoct thereof. אִדְרָא fig-tree. Targum 2, Esther 7, 9 (to which perhaps belongs. Git. the passage cited). ↗ original
אֲדָרָא 2 (see אָדַר, compare Ges. H. Dictionary under the word) flag of a ship. Bava Bathra 73ᵃ (for Biblical Hebrew נֵס); Munich manuscript אֲדָארָא (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)). ↗ original
אַדְּרַבָּא (contracted of על דרבה, see אַדְּ־) turn to the stronger side, whence as a dialectic term, on the contrary. Pesachim 28ᵃ, and frequently א׳ איפכא מסתברא on the contrary, the reverse stands to reason. the same place (ibid.) 77ᵃ הוה אמינא א׳ I might have said, ‘On the contrary’ etc.; and frequently [Not to be confounded with אַדְּרָבָא, אַדְּרַבָּה, see אַדְּ־.] ↗ original
אִדְרַבְלָא (ὑδραύλης, hydraula) player on the hydraulis, organist.—plural אִדְרַבְלִין. Bereshith Rabbah section 50 א׳ וכרבלין וכ׳ there are organists and flute players in the land (or organs and cymbals, see next word), and such a land should be destroyed? [Comment.—Perh. to be read אַרְדִּיכְלִין.] Bereshith Rabbah section 23 ארדיכולין וכ׳ (ארדיב׳, correct accordingly). ↗ original
אִדְרַבְלִיס (transposed or transposition) masculine (ὕδραυλις) water-organ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 5, 55ᶜ bottom of the page עוגב זה ארד׳. the same place (ibid.) לא היה א׳ וכ׳ there was no organ used in (the) Jerusalem (Temple) because it interferes with the sweetness (melody of the song).—plural אִדְרַבְלִין; see foregoing Cmp. הרדוליס. ↗ original
אֲדַרְגָּזְרַיָּא (see Schrader K. A. T. p. 617 and the following; compare אדר a. גזר) title of high officers. Daniel 3, 3. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 9 א׳ איפרכיא adarg. means governors↗ original
אַדְרוֹמָא gent. Adroma (Southern) for Biblical Hebrew תֵּימָא. Targum I Chronicles 1, 30. ↗ original
אִדְרוֹפִּיקוֹס (ὑδρωπικός) suffering from dropsy. Vayikra Rabbah section 15 (var. corrup.); Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 554. the same place (ibid.) Job. 916 אִנְדְּר׳ (compare אדריינוס a. אנד׳). ↗ original
אַדְרְיָינוֹסHadrian, the Roman emperor (117 to 138) under whom the insurrection of Bar Kokhba occurred; frequently mentioned with the imprecation שחיק עצמות. Devarim Rabbah section 3; and frequently 5. אַדְרִיאָנוֹס. ↗ original
אַדְרְיָינִיHadrianic, of the town Adria or Hadria in Venetia. Avodah Zarah 2, 3 חרס ה׳ (Yerushalmi (prefix) Mishnah a. the same place (ibid.) א׳) earthen ware of Adria (forbidden for use on account of some unknown connection with idolatry, perh. suspected to have been used as wine vessels before they were offered for sale; see below). referring to Hadrian, Hadrianic. the same place (ibid.) 32ᵃ explain. חרס הד׳ ‘earthen vessels soaked with wine, and distributed in pieces, by order of Hadrian, among the soldiers to be diluted with water for drinking’. (genit. of Hadrianus) Hadrian’s (followers). Echah Rabbah to 1, 17, see אספסיינוס. ↗ original
אֲדַרְכָּן (probably corruption of אַרְטְבַן which see) Adarkhan, a Parthian ruler. Avodah Zarah 10ᵇ (manuscript כין; other version אדרבך, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)).—Esther Rabbah to 1, 3 אדרכיאן. ↗ original
אַדְרַכְתָּא (דְּרַךְ Af'el) tracing; (law) legal permission to a creditor to trace the debtor’s property for the purpose of having it seized, assessed, offered for public sale, and eventually delivered to him. [Order of documents, according to Bava Bathra 169ᵃ, version of Maimonides a. others: 1) אדרכתא; טירפא the right of seizure of the debtor’s property sold after the date of the loan (mortgage); שומא record of the assessed value for which the creditor took possession;—according to version in edition a. manuscripts 1) טירפא right of seizure etc.; 2) א׳ authorization to seize the traced property, defining position etc.; 3) שומא.] Bava Bathra 169ᵃ. Bava Kamma 112ᵇ. Bava Metzia 16ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) 35ᵇ. Kethuboth 104ᵇ. 2) private authorization to collect or take possession of one’s debtordeposit; assignment, transfer. Bava Kamma 70ᵃ Munich manuscript, At. (edition אור׳); Shevuoth 33ᵇ (edition אור׳, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)); Bechoroth 49ᵃ ↗ original
אַדְרַמֶּלֶךְ (2 Kings 17, 31) Adrammelekh, name of an idol. Sanhedrin 63ᵇ א׳ וכ׳ Adr. a. Anammelekh signify mule and horse; see אֲדַר. ↗ original
אֶדְרַע (= Hebrew אֶזְרוֹעַ, see זְרוֹעַ) arm. Targum Jeremiah 32, 21; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 4ᶜ top דאֶדְרְעֵיה the Tefillin of his arm. Koheleth Rabbah to 11, 2.—plural אֶדְרָעָתָא. Targum Job 22, 9.—אֶדְרָעִין. Bereshith Rabbah section 65.—5. דְּרַע 3. ↗ original
אֶדְרְעָיָיאof Edreï, a town in Naftali (Joshua 19, 37), another in Menasseh (Bashan, Numbers 21, 33; and elsewhere).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 5, 9ᵇ top; and elsewhere ↗ original
אַדֶּרֶתcloak, cover. Bereshith Rabbah section 63 (referring to Genesis 25, 25) כולו ראוי לא׳ every one (of the Roman people) fit for the purple cloak (may become an emperor). (homiletically, as if אִדֶּרֶת = Chaldaic (Aramaic) אִדְּרָא, אִדַּר) the threshing floor, the store of grains. the same place (ibid.) כולו מפוזר ומפורד כא׳ entirely destined to be scattered (winnowed) like the grains, לזרותו וכ׳ [שעתיד] for the Lord will scatter him (Edom-Rome) like chaff etc. (referring to Daniel 2, 35). ↗ original
אָהַבto love. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2 beginning 40ᶜ אוֹהֲבָהּ her lover; and frequently אוהב את הבריותphilanthropist. Aboth 1, 12; and frequently—participle passive אָהוּב, feminine אֲהוּבָה. Yevamoth 23ᵃ א׳ בנשואיה beloved (worth loving) for her well chosen marriage. [Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah the passage cited איהבתו read אוֹהַבְתֹּו.] Nif'al נִפְעַל נֶאֱהַב, , Hithpa. הִתְאָהֵבto be beloved, popular. Vayikra Rabbah section 32, beginning, these blows (of persecution) had the effect להֵאָהֵב וכ׳ to make me beloved of my Father in heaven. Yoma 86ᵃ שיהא ש"ש מִתְאָהֵב וכ׳ that the Divine Name may be beloved through thee (that thy doings may favorably reflect on thy religion).— Pi'el פִּעֵל אִהֵב,Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶאֱהִיבto make beloved, popular. Tan. d’be El. 1, 28 תהא מְאָהֵב ש"ש וכ׳ make the Divine Name etc. (see above).—participle Pu. מְאוּהָבpopular. Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 837.—Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 1 להַאֲהִיבָן (לאָהֲבָן) לקרבן וכ׳ to make them beloved (of God), draw them nigh (to God) etc. the same place (ibid.) to 5, 1.—Yalkut Shimoni Song of Songs 981 הֶאֱהַבְנוּ לך עלמות הרבה we have made many maiden beloved of thee (converted them). ↗ original
אַהֲבָא , const. אַהֲבַת Chaldaic (Aramaic) = next. word Targum Song of Songs 8, 6. ↗ original
אַהֲבָה 1love, friendship. א׳ שהיא תלויה בדבר love dependent on something extraneous, i.e. sensual, selfish love. Aboth 5, 16.—עשה מא׳ (or עבד) to do good (serve the Lord) from pure motives of love. Sotah 31ᵃ; Sanhedrin 61ᵇ; and frequently— ↗ original
אַהֲבָה 2 (אַחֲוָוא in Yerushalmi (prefix)) proper noun of a male person Ahăbah, Aḥava, son of Zera, and father of R. Adda. Rosh Hashanah 29ᵃ. Avodah Zarah 30ᵃ; and frequently Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 8, 9ᵇᶜ ↗ original
אֲהוּרְיָיר (horrearius, ὁρριάριος; see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Horreum) store-keeper, steward. [Comment.: frequently אֻרְוָוה, see אוּרְיָא, equerry.] Megillah 12ᵇ בר אהוריירֵיה דאבא thou, son of my father’s steward. Bava Metzia 85ᵃ (Munich manuscript אהוריריה); Shabbath 113ᵇ אהוריריה (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 4) א׳ דרבי Rabbi’s house steward (manager). ↗ original
אֲהוּרְמִין (Pers. Angra-Mainyus) Ahriman, the evil principle in the Zendavesta (Parsism); opposite הורמיז Ormuzd. Sanhedrin 39ᵃ מפלגך לעילאי דהורמיז מפלגך לתתאי דאה׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition a. manuscripts incorr., see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage); Tosefta ad loc. (on the passage) Better version Manuscript Florence מפלגןour half) thy upper half belongs to Ormuzd, thy lower half to Ahriman. the same place (ibid.) א"כ היכי שביק אהורמין להורמיז למעבר מיא בארעא (edition correct accordingly) if this be so, why does Ahriman allow Ormuzd to let the water pass (through the former’s dominion) to the ground? ↗ original
אהיי Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 5, 48ᵈ, read הַיי. ↗ original
*אָהִיל m (אָהַל) staying under the same roof with an unclean object. Nazir 7, 2 (49ᵇ) על אֲהִילָן Talmud edition (Mishnah אָהֳלָן, see אֹהֶל) upon staying with them under etc. the same place (ibid.) 53ᵃ אֲהִילוֹ. [Shabbath 90ᵃ Munich manuscript, see אֲהָל.].—plural feminine אֲהִילוֹת the laws concerning ahil, whence Ahiloth (also אָהֳלוֹת), name of a treatise of the Mishnah (of Seder Tahăroth). Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 2, end, 81ᵇ there are things in the Order of Moëd קשיין מן א׳ וכ׳ more difficult than Ahiloth etc.—Chagigah 14ᵃ, and frequently אהל׳. Bava Metzia 86ᵃ אהי׳. ↗ original
אֲהִילָה feminine, plural אֲהִילוֹת, see אָהִיל ↗ original
אֲהִינָאAhina, a species of late and inferior dates (compare אַחְיָנַיָּא). Chullin 46ᵇ lungs apparently so peeled as to resemble א׳ סומקא a red Ah. Bava Metzia 113ᵇ א׳ מרירא a bitter Ah.—plural אֲהִינֵי. Tosefta Shevi'ith 7, 14; Pesachim 53ᵃ (masculine!). Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 6, 5ᵇ bottom of the page כבשא דא׳ a preserve of A. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 5, end, 15ᵇ כבשה דאהינו (correct accordingly), see Avodah Zarah 38ᵇ א׳ שליקי. ↗ original
אָהַל (Biblical Hebrew), Pi. אִיהֵל (deriv. of אֹהֶל) to spread tent-like, to cover, shade, bend over etc., usually with refer. to levitical uncleanness arising from being under the same shelter with, or forming a shelter over, a corpse etc. Meïlah 17ᵃ אי׳ על מקצתו if he bent over a portion (of the blood). Shabbath 17ᵃ אי׳ צדו אחת וכ׳ he caused one side of his body to overshadow the grave.—[More frequently] Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶאֱהִילsame. Oholoth 3, 1; 3 and the following הא׳ על המת he formed a tent, i.e. spread himself, or bent, over a corpse. the same place (ibid.) הבית מַאֲחִיל עליו the house forms a cover over part of it. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 9, 23ᶜ top; and frequently ↗ original
אֹהֶלtent, shelter. Sukkah 21ᵇ א׳ עראי a temporary dwelling. א׳ קבע a permanent dwelling.—Nazir 55ᵃ א׳ זרוק a movable cover, e.g. a person carried in a vehicle over a grave, see foregoing—Bava Bathra 27ᵇ, and frequently א׳ הטומאה something spread over an unclean object, e.g. a tree shading a corpse; see foregoing Nazir 7, 2, see אָהִיל.—plural אוֹהֳלִים, (אָהֳולִין) אוֹהֳלִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 20, beginning 17ᶜ נטע א׳ to spread sheets over poles etc. (Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 12 (13), 14, and elsewhere עשה א׳). Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 1, 19ᵈ א׳ בשיירה tents in a caravan, א׳ שבמחנה in a camp. Tosefta Kilayim 5, 25 אהולין edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) ↗ original
אֳהָל (Syriac (Peshitta) אחלא Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 125; הל, חל, see הלל, חלל, compare מוהל, מוחל) an alcalic plant, used as soap. Shabbath 90ᵃ; Niddah 62ᵃ (counted among plants subject to the laws of the Sabbath year). a mineral substance of the same use (in connection with נתר; see however Maimonides to Niddah 9, 6). Niddah the passage cited והתניא הבורית והאהל; (Shabbath the passage cited first time חול edition, Munich manuscript אָהֵיל; sec. time אהלא edition, Munich manuscript אהיל). Moed Katan 17ᵇ; a, e. [The biblical אהלים a. אהלות have no connection of meaning with our word] ↗ original
אָהֳלָאtent, sheet. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 12, 12 (variant reading אֲהִילָא, אָהֵילָא). Betzah 30ᵇ קא סתר א׳ he breaks the tent up (by removing portions of the cover). the same place (ibid.) 32ᵇ; and frequently—plural אָהֳלֵי. Shabbath 137ᵇ אוסופי א׳ extending the spread sheets (by opening a door or window over which they were spread). ↗ original
אַהֲלָא = Hebrew אֳהָל. Targum Job. 9, 30 (Hebrew text בור). Shabbath 90ᵃ, see אֳהָל. (= Biblical Hebrew אהלים, אהלות?) aloë (used for medicinal purposes, see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Aloë). the same place (ibid.) 110ᵇ א׳ תולענא; Git. 69ᵇ א׳ תולאנא purple-colored aloë. ↗ original
אָהֳלוֹיָא (foregoing) dealer in aloë (probably in Biblical Hebrew , perfumes). . Nedarim 91ᵇ. Bava Metzia 81ᵃ ↗ original
אָהֳלִית (אהל) a group of tents, encampment; only in plural אָהֳלִיֹּות (= castra) camps. (Always in connection with בצוצריות or קסטרא fortifications). Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 13. Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 624 אהו׳. Vayikra Rabbah section 1; and elsewhere [Cmp. בְּצוֹצְרִיֹּות a. גַּסְטְרָא as to versions.] ↗ original
אֲהָן or אֲהֵן, אֲהוֹן masculine (= הָן, הֲהָן, √ה־) this, that, he who. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 4ᶜ bottom of the page א׳ חזירא that swine. the same place (ibid.) 6, 10ᵃ bottom of the page א׳ דמר he who says. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 6, 43ᵈ bottom of the page כא׳ דתנינן as that (Mishnah) which we have been taught. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 2, 47ᵃ top א׳ דהכא the subject just quoted. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 2, 8ᶜ (אהון) אהין להן לי אהן מהו חשוב of what use is this to me? of what value is it to me?—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 3, 34ᵈ bottom of the page וא׳ אפילו and this ‘even’—i.e. why do you use the word ‘even’?—and frequently this place, where. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᵇ top כל א׳ דאת אזיל wherever thou goest. (adverb of time = על־הן, see אַ־) thereupon, then. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 69ᵇ top אכלון ואהון וכ׳ eat ye and then drink. ↗ original
אהנייתא Kethuboth 67ᵇ מקרבן אהנייתי, see הֲנָיָיה Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original
אַהֲרוֹן (Biblical Hebrew) Aaron, the brother of Moses. Megillah 25ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original
אַהֲרוֹנִית (deriv. of foregoing) of priestly parentage, Aaronide. Eruvin 53ᵇ נערה א׳ אחרונית (play on words) an Aaronide maiden, a second wife (in Munich manuscript our word is missing). ↗ original
או־ prefix, especially for verbal nouns, e.g. 1) prefix, especially for verbal nouns, e.g. אודיצותא frequently דיץ. או, אוו = εὐ-αὐ, see אב↗ original
אוֹ 1 , see Ges. H. Dictionary under the word) or; או … או either … or. Shevuoth 27ᵃ או … לחלק the word אוֹ in the Bible text is necessary as a disjunctif, (one or the other), contradistinguished from ו־ which is conjunctive (one and the other). Menachoth 91ᵃ; או לדרשא the word אוֹ intimates something not explicitly stated in the text; and frequently—plural אוֹאִין Shevuoth 33ᵇ.—אוֹיִין, אוֹיִים, const. אוֹיֵיthe wordאוֹ in the biblical passages. Yerushalmi (prefix) ibid. 4, 35ᶜᵈ ↗ original
אוֹ Targum Exodus 21, 20; and elsewhere Targum Proverbs 6, 28 manuscript (edition אי).—Berachoth 2ᵇ, see דילמא; and very frequently ↗ original
אוֹ 2 (ὁ) the. Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 1, 57ᵃ bottom of the page (in a Greek sentence), see אגרפוס. ↗ original
אוּ (contracted of אֲהוּ, אֲהִי see הוּ, הִי)he, that, this (only in Yerushalmi (prefix) Dial). [Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᵇ top או מקשי, read הוה מ׳; edition Amsterdam edition בעי.] Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 3, 14ᵇ I was jesting באו גברא with that man. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 11, beginning 30ᵃ באו ד(א)מר with him who says—Fem. אִי.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 3, 21ᵇ bottom of the page אי אידא אי אידא it is all the same; see אִידָא 2. ↗ original
אַוָּארָא (אור; compare Hebrew form צַוָּאר), only in א׳ דליבניa pile of loose bricks with openings between, opposite to solid wall. Betzah 31ᵇ; 36ᵃ; Eruvin 34ᵇ manuscript Rashi (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage); edition אַוִּירָא, compare אָוֵירָא; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אארא, derives frequently Pers.). ↗ original
אוֹב ²cited ghost.—בעל א׳ necromancer. Sanhedrin 65ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original
אוֹב ³ Targum Isaiah 29, 4; and elsewhere—א׳ טמיא necromancy over bones, sculls, also for necromancer. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 18, 11. Berachoth 59ᵃ א׳ טמיא כדיב וכ׳ the necromancer is a liar (necromancy is false), and his (its) words are lies. Shabbath 152ᵇ bottom of the page (of the woman of En-Dor, I Samuel 28, 7). [Yevamoth 103ᵃ בר א׳, see אַבְיוּ.] ↗ original
אוֹבִיסוֹסEphesus, city of Ionia in Asia Minor. Targum I Chronicles 1, 5 אוֹב׳ (variatio lectionis); Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᵇ אוו׳ bottom of the page (rendit. of יון); see מַקְדֹּונְיָא. ↗ original
אוּבָל (see יוּבָל) river. Daniel 8, 2; 3; 6. as a proper noun Ubal (The River). Bereshith Rabbah section 16 (referring to Daniel the passage cited) א׳ אוותנטין וכ׳ Ubal is the source of all the other rivers. ↗ original
אוּבְלָא 1 = אֶבְלָא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 7, 10; and elsewhere ↗ original
אוּבְלָא 2 masculine (יבל) vessel made of willow twigs; basket, or perforated trough; (as to shape see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Călathus). Bechoroth 43ᵇ, see בִּילוֹן a. כִּילוֹן. Sab. 123ᵇ; Sanhedrin 92ᵃ, and elsewhere א׳ דקצרי Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אוכ׳) the fuller’s trough. the same place (ibid.) 28ᵇ the father of the husband and the father of the wife are no more kinsmen אלא כי א׳ לדנא (edition אכלא) than is a basket related to a barrel. [For אכלא, אוכלא compare כְּלִיל, כַּלְכָּלָה.] ↗ original
אוּבְלִים (see אֲבֵילִין) Ub’lim, Ub’lin. Eruvin 12ᵃ top (var. see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 1). Chullin 55ᵇ אובלים (edition אי׳). ↗ original
אוּבְצָנָא (אבץ. compare חָבַץ 2, a. חבץ Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 1181 and the following) heavy pressure, overload, prostration from heavy load. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 19, 2.—Bava Metzia 36ᵇ א׳ דהר the prostration from carriyng a load up hill. the same place (ibid.) 78ᵃ מתה מחמת א׳ died from fatigue. Shabbath 106ᵇ. [Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) reads אוכצנא, compare Syriac (Peshitta) אכץ Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 190—correct accordingly] ↗ original
אוֹבְרִיזָא feminine, אוֹבְרִיזוֹן, אוֹבְרִיזִין masculine (ὄβρυζον) pure gold, unalloyed. Targum Psalms 119, 127; Targum Proverbs 8, 19; and elsewhere ↗ original
אוּבְשִׁיןa species of inferior grapes. Maasroth 1, 2 הענבים והאו׳ משיבאישו Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition Talmud B. והאב׳ משה׳; Talmud Yerushalmi (prefix) הבאושין) grapes and ubshin are subject to tithes from the time they are called בְּאוּשָׁה which see—Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, 45ᵈ top ענבים ואו׳ וכ׳ grapes or ubshin for a sick person. ↗ original
אוֹג (compare אֵגֶה; Syriac (Peshitta) אוגא Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 53) (rhus coriaria), red berry of the Venus’ summachtree. Peah 1, 5. Demai 1, 1. Maasroth 1, 2. Kelim 26, 3.—plural אוֹגִין. Tosefta Maasroth 1, 4 אובין אדומים (איבין, correct accordingly; compare Maasroth the passage cited 5. Löw Aram. Low, Aramaische Pflanzennamen, Leipzig 1881 p. 44). ↗ original
אוֹגְדוֹיִיקוֹנְטָא (ὀγδοήκοντα) eighty. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 10, 17ᶜ (corrected text) שטר נפיק מר׳ חונה לר׳ שמיי אוגדויי מחיק קונטא לא מחיק. א"ר שמיי לר׳ חונה פוק חזי עם ההן אהן קונטא משמש. ומר עם טרייאקונטא. כי נפק אמר הדא בעי מתגרא תלתין אפסד עשרין. A bill of indebtedness passed from R. Ḥuna (who could not decide or on whose decision the party would not rely) to R. Sh.—on which bill ogdoë was blurred (showing an erasure), and conta was clear. Said R. Sh. to R. Ḥ., Go and see what is the lowest numeral in Greek that conta is combined with. Said he, It is triaconta (thirty).—When the party had left, he said, That man intended to make thirty (by the erasure) and lost twenty (the original having been fifty, penteconta). ↗ original
אוֹגְדוֹרOgdor (Zigdor) in Samaria. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 5, 44ᵈ. Babylonian Avodah Zarah 31ᵃ זג׳ (Munich manuscript זגרור). ↗ original
אוּגְיָא (אגי, sec. root or radix of אוג, see אָוֶן; compare עוּגָה) rounded off, whence a field or fields surrounded with a ridge or ditch. Nedarim 6ᵇ. Berachoth 6ᵃ כי כסלא לא׳ like the ridge surrounding the field. ↗ original
אוּגְיָה (foregoing) rounded ditch, hole dug around the grape-vine. Moed Katan 1, 1 (Rashi to Berachoth 6ᵃ, Asheri to Nedarim 6ᵇ explained foregoing word; edition עוּגְיוֹת). ↗ original
אוֹגֶן (אוג; see foregoing) border of a vessel, rim. Chullin 25ᵃ; 25ᵇ; Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 2, 17 ה׳. Ḥag. 22ᵇ אוֹגנוֹ its border. plural אוֹגְנִים, אוֹגְנִין, הוֹ׳. Niddah 3ᵇ. Eruvin 87ᵇ (banks). Kelim 25, 6; and elsewhere [Chullin 2, 9 (41ᵃ) אוּגָן של מים Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), a little pool, edition עוּגָה which see] ↗ original
אוֹגָנָא (see foregoing) something rounded basin, disk. Targum Song of Songs 7, 3 א׳ דסיהרא the disk of the moon.—Bava Metzia 69ᵇ א׳ דקירא (some edition אוֹגְנֵי plural, see Rashi ad loc. (on the passage), Munich manuscript אַגָּנֵי, see אַגָּנָא) cake of wax. Cmp. אַגֵּין. ↗ original
אוּד see Ges. H. Dictionary under the word; compare אֵיד) wooden poker. Betzah 33ᵃ; Shabbath 143ᵃ ↗ original
אוּד ² , also fire-brand. Targum Amos 4, 11; and elsewhere—plural אוּדֵי, אוּדַיָּא. Targum Isaiah 7, 4.—Sanhedrin 93ᵃ (proverb concerning bad company) תרי א׳ וכ׳ two dry pieces of wood and a green one between etc. ↗ original
אוֹדָאָה (ודי, Af'el אודי) thanksgiving. Targum Psalms 45, 1 (var. אוֹדֵאָתָא); and elsewhere ↗ original
אוּדְדָא edition masculine (אדד, אדר, see אָדַר: Syriac (Peshitta) אודדא; compare אַדְדָא, אַדְרָא as to dial. var.) upholsterer’s stuffing material, tow-cotton, wool. Shabbath 48ᵃ לאהדורי א׳ (Munich manuscript אוּדְדֵיplural) to put the stuffing back into the mattress. the same place (ibid.) 141ᵃ (Munich manuscript אודדא); see אֲשִׁישָׁא.—Bava Bathra 58ᵃ חביתא דא׳ (manuscripts דאודד׳) a vessel full of stuffings (enigmatical for bolsters). Avodah Zarah 28ᵇ א׳ דנדא וכ׳ (Munich manuscript ארדא דנורא) tow cotton which has been dyed but not combed. Bava Metzia 26ᵃ; and frequently—plural אוּדְדֵי. Kiddushin 12ᵃ זוודא דאורדי (correct accordingly) a bundle of tow-cotton. [Cmp. עוּדְדָא, עוּדְרָא; also אִירָּא a. אִידָּן; see Fuerst, H. Dictionary lit. ר.] ↗ original
אוּדְיָא (ידי, אדי; compare funda = sling and purse) purse. Bava Metzia 28ᵇ א׳ דדינרי (edition אוּדְיָיא) a purse of denars. ↗ original
אוּדְיָינִי (ידי, נדי) whatever appertains to irrigation, sprinkling arrangements; hence the field cistern with its purtenances. Bava Bathra 144ᵃ (manuscript אִידְיָנִי, אִידְיָי׳; see Rashi ad loc. (on the passage)) if a father left nothing אלא א׳ וכ׳ but a sprinkling business, what is earned with it belongs to all heirs alike. the same place (ibid.) שאני א׳ דלנטירותא וכ׳ it is different with a sprinkling business, since all the attendance it requires, is watching (which minors can do just as well as adults). [Tossaf. the same place (ibid.) variant reading אידווני, watching pedestal, frequently דוי which see Cmp. however אוּדְנָא 3.—Moed Katan 21ᵃ, read אוּרְיָינִי.] ↗ original
אוֹדִיקוּתָא properly outlook (see דִּיק) hence proper noun of a place Odikutha(Hebrew . Targum 2 Chronicles, Book of 20, 16. ↗ original
אוֹדִיתָא (ודי) confession, especially document stating a debtor’s admission of his indebtedness in presence of witnesses. Sanhedrin 29ᵇ ↗ original
אוֹדֶם (אדם) red substance, fleshy substance [compare אֲדָמָה, אָדָם; Biblical Hebrew אֹדֶםrubin]. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 8, 31ᶜ bottom of the page הא׳ מן האשה from the mother the embryo receives the substance for forming skin, flesh, and blood; opposite לוֹבֶן white, sticky substance. Niddah 32ᵇ למעוטי איש מא׳ to exempt man from being unclean from a red (blood) discharge, opposite to לובן white gonorrhoeic discharge. ↗ original
אוֹדֶן (= Hebrew אֹזֶן, see Ges. H. Dictionary under the word; √אד, see אָדַר) ear. Targum Isaiah 64, 3. Targum Psalms 18, 45 אוּדַן (edition Vienna edition אוּדִין?, manuscript אוזן). Targum Exodus 29, 20; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᶜ bottom of the page טב לא׳ good for ear-ache; see Babylonian Shabbath 67ᵃ; and frequently—plural אוּדְנִין, אוֹדְנִין, אוּדְנַיָּא, אוּדְנֵי. Targum Deuteronomy 29, 3; and frequently (also אֻדְנִין).—Sanhedrin 106ᵃ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 4, 55ᵇ bottom of the page; Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 (חד כותאי 1), see next word↗ original
אוּדְנָא 2 (from its shape, see foregoing a. Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 40) leather-bottle, jar (a liquid measure). plural אוּדְנִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 4, 55ᵇ bottom of the page (to one who had dreamt he had four udnin = ears, see foregoing) מלוי את תרתי אֻדְנָיךְ ותרתי אוּדְנוֹי דגרבא thou shalt have wine enough to fill thy own two udnin (wine jars), and two udnin (measures) of a garba (see גַּרְבָּא I) besides. (Syriac (Peshitta) אוזנא, וזנא Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 49, 1061) bath-tub. Berachoth 22ᵃ was sitting בא׳ דמיא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition באגנא, manuscript Beth. Nath. באוזנא) in a tub filled with an udna of water. Shabbath 157ᵇ א׳ דמיא … Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition באוונא, Munich manuscript אַדָּנָא) by a bath-tub. ↗ original
אוּדְנָא 3 (feminine?) (= Hebrew אֶדֶן; compare Biblical Hebrew הֲדֹם; √דא, דנא; compare דּוּךְ) foot-stool, camp-chair, folding stool. Targum Jeremiah 43, 10 אוּדְנֵיה Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אפדניה).—plural אוּדְנַיָּא, אֲדִינַיָּא. Targum 2 Est. 1, 2 תרתין אוּדְנוֹי (תרין?) the double footstool of king Solomon. Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 8, 6 מָטָה וישן וכ׳ (not מיטה) when it bends in (under the weight) but one can sleep on it; if it was originally so made, טמאה (not טהורה) it is unclean מפני שהיא כאו׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading אדיניא, edition אדוניא) because it is made like a double footstool. ↗ original
אָוָוז (√אוו, see אְוַשׁ; compare Syriac (Peshitta) וזא, a. וזוזbombum edit, Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 1060) [the noisy], goose. Berachoth 57ᵃ הרואה א׳ וכ׳ he who sees a goose in his dream, may hope for wisdom (with referring to Proverbs 1, 20, ‘wisdom cries’ etc.). Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 5, end 5ᵃ אֲוַוז ים וא׳ יישוב וכ׳ the water goose (bernicle) and the domestic goose are two different interpretation or differently interpreted species (כלאים); Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 8, 31ᶜ bottom of the page א׳ עם א׳ מדבר וכ׳ the (domestic) goose and the goose of the steppes (wild g.); א׳ עם א׳ הים the domestic and the water goose; Bava Kamma 55ᵃ א׳ וא׳ הבר (Munich manuscript marg. אֲוַוז בית וא׳ בר) the domestic and the wild g.; Bechoroth 8ᵃ ↗ original
אַוְוזָא Git. 86ᵃ.—בר א׳ duck. Betzah 33ᵃ. plural אֲוָוזִין, אַוְוזֵי. Targum 2 Esther 3, 8. Pesachim 114ᵃ. Bava Bathra 73ᵇ. Chullin 56ᵇ הנהו א׳ דידן וכ׳ our (Babylonian) geese are considered as water fowls. ↗ original
*אַוְורַקְסִין (compare אפקרסין, a. אַבְרְקִין) trowsers. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Exodus 28, 42, a. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Exodus 28, 42; Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Exodus 39, 28 אוורקסי. the same place (ibid.) Leviticus 6, 3 (edition Vienna edition אורקטין, 2 אברסקין). the same place (ibid.) 16, 4. [For וו = פ see אֶוְושַׁר.] ↗ original
אַוְורַשְׁנָא (edition אוּרְשִׁינָה) masculine name of a mythical bird, Phœnix. Sanhedrin 108ᵇ ↗ original
אֶוְושַׁר = אֶפְשַׁר Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 18, 2; 17; and elsewhere ↗ original
אֶוְותִּיאוֹס (εὐθέως) forthwith, immediately after. Niddah 2, 2 (14ᵃ) נמצא על שלה א׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אותיום, correct accordingly) if a stain is found on her bedclothes immediately after (the coïtion). the same place (ibid.) 12ᵇ; 14ᵇ איזהו שיעור אוו׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) (edition ותס, וסת, correct accordingly) what is the interval designated by evthios? Yerushalmi (prefix) Niddah 2, 49ᵈ bottom of the page repeatedly הֶיוְתִּיאוֹס or הֶוְו׳. ↗ original
אַוותֶּנְטְיָא (αὐθεντία) origin, reality; see next word—עיקר א׳ the very reality, virtuality. Bereshith Rabbah section 25 עיקר א׳ וכ׳ the real famine was destined to be in the days of Saul. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 1 עיקר א׳ וכ׳ the real, authentic, among the several names of Solomon etc. Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 1 אית׳ (correct accordingly). Bamidbar Rabbah section 10 אוותיננייה (correct accordingly). ↗ original
אַוְותֶּנְטִי (αὐθέντης) originator, author. Bereshith Rabbah section 16 פרת א׳ של וכ׳ the Euphrates is the originator (ultimate source) of the rivers (mentioned Genesis 2, 10 and the following).—plural masculine אַוְותֶּנְטִין. Ylamdenu to Numbers 11, 16 (quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word אמתנטין) כנגד אפת׳ של ישראל וכ׳ (corrupted אוו׳) corresponding to the number of the originators of Israel, for with seventy souls etc.—Fem. אַוְותֶּנְטִיֹּות, אַוְותֶּנְטִיאוֹת. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Sh’kal. p. 16ᵇ אומות א׳ (seventy) original nations. ↗ original
אוּזְיָא (√אז, see אֲזַד; compare קָצֶה) a piece, part, uzya, a market term for a certain portion (quarter etc.) of meat. Betzah 29ᵃ in Pumb. they call it א׳ ופלגא א׳ Munich manuscript (edition ופלגו א׳ correct accordingly; variant reading אוסיא) an uzya and half an uzya. ↗ original
אוֹטֶם (אטם) obstruction; something closed, plugged up. Chullin 47ᵇ א׳ בריאה Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אָטוּם) an obstruction in the lungs, a spot imperviable to air when blown up. Oholoth 6, 5 we regard the levitical uncleanness between the rafters כאילו הוא א׳ as if it was locked up (and could not affect what is in the house). substructure (filled with earth), foundation. Mid. 4, 6. Parah 3, 6. ↗ original
אוטם Tosefta Kilayim 3, 14 edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.), see אִיטָּן↗ original
אוי , Pi'el אִיוָּה to desire, covet. Sanhedrin 63ᵃ אִיוּוּ אלוהות וכ׳ (Avodah Zarah 53ᵇ לאלוהות, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 8) they had a desire for many deities. Denom. תַּאֲוָה. Cmp. אוּת. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְאַוֶּה (Biblical Hebrew), Nithpa. נִתְאַוֶּה (denominative of תַּאֲוָה) to desire, to be seized with a desire. Bamidbar Rabbah section 10 (play on יׄתׄאׄדׄםׄ Proverbs 23, 31) the drunken man וכ׳ לדׄםׄ יִ֗תְ֗אַ֗וֶּה will covet blood (forbidden intercourse). Bereshith Rabbah section 51. Shemoth Rabbah section 24, end.—Bamidbar Rabbah section 2 התחילו מִתְאַוִּים וכ׳ they began to express a desire for standards (in imitation of the angelic hosts). the same place (ibid.) divide them into standards כמו שנִתְאַוּוּ as they desired. ↗ original
אוי ² , a. Ges. H. Dictionary under the word אָוָה 3) to point, mark. Denom. אוֹת 2, תְּאָו, תַּאֲוָה. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְאַוֶּה (denominative of תַּאֲוָה, תְּאָו) to mark, to mark out. Koheleth Rabbah to 12, 7 התחיל מִתְאַוֶּה תאוים he began to put up marks. ↗ original
אוֹי (see אוי I) [pressure] woe, sorrow. Bereshith Rabbah section 46 בי לא אוי there is no (cause for) woe with me. Bamidbar Rabbah section 10 (play on ăboy, Proverbs 23, 29) אַב אוי father of woe.—2) interjection woe! alas! Kelim 17, 16; and very frequently ↗ original
אִוְיָא 1 (see חִיוְיָא) serpent. Bereshith Rabbah section 26 בגלילא וכ׳ in Galilee they call ḥivya, ivya↗ original
אִוְיָא 2 (see foregoing) Ivya, a Babyl. Amora. Bava Bathra 19ᵃ R. Ḥiya son of R. Iv.—Menachoth 78ᵃ; and elsewhere ↗ original
אוֹיָם (?) an interjection (compare εὔαν, εὖα) ho! hallo! Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 78ᵃ top; Sanhedrin V1, 23ᶜ bottom of the page א׳ א׳ פתחון לי וכ׳ ho, ho! Open, for I am one of yours. ↗ original
אָוִיר (אור; compare רוּחַ a. רֶוַח); space corresp. to חָלָל, especially open, empty space, blank. Oholoth 4, 1 a tower שעומד בא׳ standing isolated. the same place (ibid.) 18, 10 אוירָהּ של חצר the open space in the court-yard.—Bava Bathra 163ᵃ (compare Biblical Hebrew מְאוּרָה) hollow, cavity of a vessel. Kelim 2, 1 מיתטמאין ומטמאין בא׳ become unclean and make unclean by contact with the hollow (of the vessel).—Yevamoth 67ᵇ נפק לא׳ העולם came forth into the lighted space of the world, i.e. was born; and frequently (compare ἀήρ, aër) air, atmosphere, climate, weather. Bamidbar Rabbah section 14 הא׳ שממנו וכ׳ (as one of the elements of nature) out of which the wind was made.—Bereshith Rabbah section 34 א׳ יפה fine weather; and frequently—plural אֲוִירִיןblank spaces in writings. Bava Bathra 163ᵃ.—אֲוִירוֹת climates. Bereshith Rabbah section 34 ברית נחלקה לא׳ a covenant has been made in favor of climates, i.e. God has implanted in man a love of his native soil even in bad climates. ↗ original
אָוֵירָאempty space, air. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 19, 17; and frequently—Git. 20ᵇ א׳ דמגילתא the blank in a scroll (margin etc.). Menachoth 35ᵃ חזי א׳ to face the inside of the T’fillin. air, weather. Pesachim 30ᵇ שליט בהו א׳ the air strikes them. Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 2, 58ᵃ bottom of the page א׳ מעונן cloudy weather; and frequently pile of bricks with openings between, see אַוָּארָא. ↗ original
אוירא Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 1, 80ᵇ bottom of the page, see אַיְירָא ↗ original
אוכל Pesachim 53ᵃ של א׳, read אָבֵל; see Tosefta Shevi'ith 7, 15. ↗ original
אוֹכֶלfood, edible. Betzah 1, 8 בורר א׳ ואוֹכֵל (Yerushalmi (prefix) edition בורר אוכל אוכל) he selects singly what is edible and eats immediately; and frequently—א׳ נפש the necessary food for the day. Megillah 1, 5 אלא א׳ נ׳ בלבד except the preparation of food (cooking etc., permitted on Holy Days, Exodus 12, 16).—plural אוֹכְלִים, אוֹכְלִיןfood, eatables. Berachoth 50ᵇ; and frequently Avodah Zarah 52ᵇ תקרובת ע"ז של א׳ an idolatrous offering consisting of edibles; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, 43ᵈ אֹכְ׳. ↗ original
אוּכְלָא 1same. Targum Psalms 78, 18 (manuscript מֵיכְלָא).—Yoma 80ᵇ כל אכשורי א׳ א׳ הוא whatever is used for seasoning food, is considered as food. the digested food found in the entrails, excrements, compare רעי.—Targum Leviticus 1, 16; and elsewhere an eye-disease, itching (compare חוּרְשָׁא). Avodah Zarah 28ᵇ תחלת א׳ the incipiency of etc., סוף א׳ last stage (near recovery). ↗ original
אוּכְלָא 2 (אכל = כּוּל) properly measure, hence (compare כַּיְילָא) a certain measure, Ukhla, (basket); compare כְּלָה.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 1, 17ᵃ תומן וחצי ת׳ וא׳ one Tuman (one eighth of a kab), and half a T. and one Ukhla; compare עוּכְלָא. basket, see אוּבְלָא 2. ↗ original
אוֹכְלוֹזא (perh. frequently root or radix כלז, compare Arab. ḳalaza, collegit, a. כרז, קלס; see Ges. H. Dictionary under the word כרשׂ; var. forms: אָכְלוֹזָא, אוֹכְלוֹסָא, אוֹכְלָסָא, כְּלוֹזָא; Hebrew form only in plural אוֹכְלוֹסִין, const. אוֹכְלוֹסֵי, אוֹכְלָסִין) levy of troops or forced laborers (corresp. to Hebrew צָבָא). Targum I Chronicles 11, 6; 20, 1.—Bava Bathra 8ᵃ; Bava Metzia 108ᵃ נפקי בא׳ (Munich manuscript כלוזא) they have to go out themselves to do public labors (not permitted to hire substitutes). the same place (ibid.) לאו בני א׳ וכ׳ are exempt from the levy. Berachoth 58ᵃ; Yevamoth 76ᵇ יצא בא׳ went out with the army; [strike out ודרש בא׳ Berachoth the passage cited, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 40]; and frequently—plural אוֹכְלוֹזִין, אוֹכְלוֹסִין, אוֹכְלָסִין (see above). Targum I Chronicles 12, 22; and frequently—Tosefta Berachoth 7 (6), 2 אוכלסין. Berachoth 58ᵃ; אוֹכְלוֹסֵי ישראל a Jewish army. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᶜ top of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 29ᵇ top of the page … אוֹכלוֹסַיָּיא ד the armies of students; and frequently—Cmp. אָכְלוֹשֵׁי. [Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᵃ; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 4, see אִסְכֹּולִי]. ↗ original
אוּכָּם (אכם) black, dark-complected, freckled, ungainly. Targum Leviticus 13, 31; and frequently—Pesachim 88ᵃ.—Moed Katan 9ᵇ הוה ליה ברתא א׳ Munich manuscript (edition our word omitted) had an ungainly (freckled) daughter; Shabbath 80ᵇ. Git. 67ᵇ תרנגולתא אוּכַּמְתִּי a black (checkered?) hen. the same place (ibid.) 68ᵃGit. 67ᵇ תרנגולתא אוּכַּמְתִּי a black (checkered?) hen. the same place (ibid.) 68ᵃ אוכמא בחיורא a black spot on a white skin. plural masc. אוּכָּמִין, אוּכָּמֵי, אוּכָּמַיָּא, אוּכְמַיָּא. Targum Jeremiah 8, 21; and elsewhere—Chullin 46ᵇ א׳ א׳ covered with black spots.—Fem. אֻכָּמָתָא Shabbath 129ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) 20ᵇ אוכמוותא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אוכמתא) the black (greenish) moss on ships or puddles. ↗ original
אוּכְמָא (foregoing) black color, darkness; distress. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 22, 22. Targum Lamentations 4, 8. ↗ original
אוּכָּמוּתָא feminine same. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 11, 10 dark hair, youth. ↗ original
אוּכָּף common gender (אכף) saddle. Kelim 23, 1; 2; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 5, 7ᵇ bottom of the page או׳ a. אי׳.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 1, 19ᵇ bottom of the page בין אי׳ לאי׳; Babylonian Eruvin 16ᵃ בין או׳ לאו׳. Shabbath 53ᵃ.—plural אוּכָּפוֹת. Eruvin 15ᵇ edition (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אִכּוּפִין). Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin the passage cited אִיכּוּפִין. ↗ original
אוּכָּפָא Bava Metzia 27ᵇ. Bava Kamma 92ᵇ (proverb) חברא קרייך חמרא א׳ וכ׳ if thy neighbor calls thee an ass, put a saddle on. Eruvin 27ᵃ גבא דא׳ the upper part of the saddle (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), besides other var., גברא דא׳ man’s figure on the upper part of the saddle) used as a handle by the rider. ↗ original
אוכפייה Esther Rabbah to 1, 1ᵇ (איכ׳) בני או׳, see אוּכַּיְיפָא ↗ original
אֲוַל (אול to circle, see חוּל, עול, compare עוֹלָם, תְּחִלָּה) beginning, early season. Targum Hosea 9, 10; and elsewhere—מן א׳ from the beginning (of the world). Targum Job. 20, 4; and frequently—לאויל to (its) previous condition. Targum Ezekiel 16, 55 (some edition לְאַוְלְהַן). Cmp. אלל. ↗ original
אוּלְבָּנָא , plural אוּלְבָּנִין (denominative of לְבוּנְתָּא) unguent made of incense. Targum Song of Songs 4, 11; (Hebrew text לבנון, 70 ἀρώματα, as if לְבֹנִין). ↗ original
אוֹלוֹ־ (ὅλο-) a prefix, sometimes separately printed, whole, entirely of. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Vay. B’yom p. 4ᵇ א׳ מרגליטין trimmed all over with pearls. Vayikra Rabbah section 32, end אילו כורסין (correct accordingly) all gold, see אוֹלוֹכְרוּסוֹן. ↗ original
אוֹלוֹסֵירִיקָא (ὁλοσήρικος) all silk.— plural אוֹלוֹסֵירִיקִין, mostly אוֹלוֹסְרִיקִיןpure-silken garments. Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 7. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᵇ bottom of the page, Yalkut Shimoni Proverbs 935.—[Koheleth Rabbah the passage cited second time some edition אולוסתיקין, correct accordingly] ↗ original
אוֹלְיָאר (olearius, ὀλεάριος S.) keeper of clothes at the baths. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 1, 52ᵈ top מעות הנתונות לא׳ tokens (in place of small change) given to the olearius; compare Tosefta Maʿǎser Sheni 1, 4.—Pesikta Rabbati section 22; and elsewhere—plural אוֹלְיָארִין, אוֹלְיָירִין. Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 2, 12 מגררות של אוּלְיָרִין edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (other edition אולו׳ correct accordingly) the brushes (strigils) of the bathing attendants. Shabbath 147ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 4ᶜ top; compare Pesikta Rabbati the passage cited; and elsewhere 5. אוֹרְיָיר. [Shabbath 144ᵃ כלים הא׳, Niddah 20ᵃ האולירין …, see אוֹלָרִין.] ↗ original
אוּלָם 1 אלם in front of, opposite, Schrader K. A. T. glossary, a. Biblical Hebrew conj. אוּלָם) entrance, hall, esp. Ulam, the hall leading to the interior of the Temple. Mid. 4, 7; and elsewhere ↗ original
אוּלָם 2 (see foregoing, Οὐλαμμοῦς Euseb. Euseb. Onom.; Neubauer Geographie du Talmud, Paris 1868 p. 18; 261) Ulam (Porta) a place in Gilead, and one in Galilee. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 28ᵈ in Cilicia; see אַבְלַס ↗ original
אוּלָמָא Targum I Kings 7, 6; and frequently—Targum 2 Chronicles 3, 4 אילם, variant reading אוּלְמָנָא.—plural אוּלַמַּיָּא. Targum Ezekiel 40, 22; and elsewhere ↗ original
אוּלְמָא (אֲלַם) strength, strong side. Shabbath 134ᵃ מא׳ לקוטנא from the thick to the thinner side.—Niddah 8ᵃ, and frequently מאי אוּלְמֵיה wherein does his (its) strength consist, i.e. why is this opinion preferable to etc.? ↗ original
אוּלְפָן (ילף, אלף) custom, training, instruction; the Law. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 33, 14. Targum Isaiah 32, 6; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 4, beginning 59ᵇ for it is impossible for one to go through his Bible lesson דלא א׳ (read בלא; compare Chagigah 3ᵃ בלא חדוש) without some instructive observation. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᵈ top דלא מן א׳ not according to the Law. Bereshith Rabbah section 80 וא׳ קבל Mat. Keh. (edition ואולפין קביל) and has he received traditions from teachers? Vayikra Rabbah section 19 אולפני מה נהיר באפי how my learning shines in my face! Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 6, 10ᶜ bottom of the page נישבוק אולפנה וכ׳ let us drop discussion and return to the Mishnah. [Eruvin 67ᵃ bottom of the page משמיה דא׳, read with Munich manuscript דאִילְפָא.]—בר א׳ a scholar of traditional law. Vayikra Rabbah section 3, beginning—plural אוּלְפָנַיָּיאinstructive narratives, stories. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 61ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 1, 15ᶜ bottom of the page ↗ original
אוּלְצָן (אלץ) distress, especially famine. Targum Job 5, 11; and elsewhere ↗ original
אוֹלָרִין or אוֹלָרְיִין masculine plural (plural of aularis or aularius = aulicus, D. C. Lat.) belonging to the royal court, court-, only in connect. with כלים or בגדים. Shabbath 114ᵃ בגדי הא׳ Munich manuscript (edition כלים האוליירין); Niddah 20ᵃ כלים האולרין court clothes, including white cloaks (גלימי), and red home or table dresses (לבושי, פתורי); see Luebk. Alterth. under the word Kleidung; Becker Gallus, edition Gœll 1, 16. Cmp. חִימּוּצָתָא a. בּוּרְדִּיקָא. ↗ original
אוּם (אֵם; compare שׁוּם, שֵׁם) mother. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 11, 11ᵈ top of the page א׳ זכר the mother of the male side, father-in-law’s mother; א׳ נקבה mother-in-law’s mother. substance, bulk, as the cluster of olives (contradistinguished to leaves); the starting point of leprosy. Tohoroth 9, 8 אם היה נוגע בא׳ if the reptile touched the cluster. Nega'im 1, 5 הלכה לה הא׳ the original leprosy has disappeared. womb. Vayikra Rabbah section 14 end, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אֵם). ↗ original
*אוּמָא (see foregoing) the leaven, flour used for leaven. Pesachim 42ᵃ קומניתא דא׳ (Oxford manuscript דנהמא) the decay of the flour-substance; see כּוּתָּח. [5. also אוּנָא end.] ↗ original
אוֹמָאָה (ימי, Af'el אוֹמִי) the act of administering an oath, swearing, imprecation. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 5, 1; 4.—*Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 27, 15 פתחו הוּמְהוֹם וכ׳ (variant reading פומהום, edition Vienna edition קתחו correct accordingly) they opened their imprecation with a blessing. ↗ original
אוּמָד (אָמַד) estimate, guess, measuring by mere sight, approximate assessment; medical opinion as to the nature of injuries. Menachoth 54ᵇ ניטלת בא׳ may be set apart (for the priest) by estimating (without measuring) the quantity. Sanhedrin 4, 5 מא׳ ומשמועה from mere supposition or hear-say. the same place (ibid.) 78ᵇ אין א׳ אחר א׳ the first estimate (medical opinion declaring an inflicted injury fatal) cannot be upset by a second more favorable opinion (if erroneously formed under the resemblance of recovery); see אָמַד.—the same place (ibid.) א׳ האמצעי the (second) opinion intermediate between the first opinion and the actual fatal result. ↗ original
אוּמָדוּתsame, adverb by guess-work. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 68ᶜ top שלא … דן א׳ that one must not judge from mere guess (appearance). Aboth 1, 16 אל תרבה לעשר א׳ in giving tithes do not give (even) too much by guessing (but measure accurately). ↗ original
אוּמְדָּנָא Bava Kamma 41ᵃ; and frequently—plural אוּמְדָּנֵי Sanhedrin 78ᵇ ↗ original
אוּמָּה , see אֵם) people, nation, government. Avodah Zarah 18ᵃ א׳ זו this (Roman) government; and frequently—plural אוּמּוֹתnations; gentiles (contradistinguished to Israel); frequently א׳ העולם (abbr. או"הע, א"ה). Bereshith Rabbah section 39 שבעים א׳ the seventy nations (in the Noachidic genealogy), see אֶוְותַּנְטִין. Avodah Zarah 3ᵇ באין אוה"ע וכ׳ the gentiles shall come and be converted; and frequently—דיני א׳ (frequently עכ"ום, גוי) gentile (not Israelitish) law. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 58ᵇ bottom of the page; and frequently— ↗ original
אומולוגין Pesikta Rabbati section 44, read אִילוֹגִין, see edition Friedm. p. 183ᵃ ↗ original
אוּמְלָלbroken down, crushed, low.— plural אוּמְלָלִים. Sanhedrin 66ᵃ (referring to Leviticus 19, 14) בא׳ שבעמך וכ׳ here the Bible speaks of the lowest among thy people (not נשיא בעמך as Exodus 22, 27). [Munich manuscript a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) במֵילָלִין.] ↗ original
אוֹמָן (אמן, ימן) properly straight line, leader, hence (agric.) the border-bed, outmost furrow. Peah 4, 5. Bava Metzia 7, 4. Nedarim 4, 4 (41ᵇ) לא יעשה עמו בא׳ he must not work with him together in the border bed.—plural אוֹמָנִיּוֹת, [frequently אוֹמָנִית, supply (understood word) ערוגה, feminine]. Bava Metzia 89ᵇ ↗ original
אוֹמַן Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Leviticus 19, 9 (Hebrew text פאה); Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2 the same place (ibid.) אוֹ מִן (read אוֹמַן). the same place (ibid.) see 27 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition צדדי), 21, 5 (of the beard, Hebrew text פאת זקנך). ↗ original
אוּמָןskilled, artist, artisan, professional cook, architect etc. Avodah Zarah 34ᵇ מורייס א׳ brine prepared by a professional manufacturer and dealer. Bereshith Rabbah section 1 מדעת א׳ after the plan of an architect. Pesikta Rabbati section 11 שאינו א׳ וכ׳ who is not skilled in climbing up.; and frequently—plural אוּמָנִין Berachoth 16ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original
אוּמַן Targum Isaiah 21, 10 (adjective). Targum Exodus 26, 1; and elsewhere—Sanhedrin 29ᵃ (proverb) שב שני וכ׳ seven years a famine may last, but the artisan’s gate it will not cross. Shabbath 133ᵇ האי א׳ the surgeon (who circumcises). Bava Metzia 97ᵃ טבחא וא׳ the butcher and the surgeon (of the community).—plural אוּמָנִין, אוּמָנַיָּא. Targum I Chronicles 9, 30. Targum 2 Kings 24, 14; and elsewhere Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 13ᵃ top, as one uses promiscuously the words אומנון בניין וכ׳ (read אומנין) artisans, builders, architects. ↗ original
אוּמָנוּת (see אוּמָן) skill, handicraft, trade. Kiddushin 4, 14.—בעל א׳ mechanic. Chullin 54ᵇ.—בן אומנותוֹ one’s fellow-tradesman, competitor. Bereshith Rabbah section 32, beginning—Berachoth 43ᵇ כל אחד ואחד יִפָּה לו וכ׳ to each man the Lord made his trade appear nice. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 5, end, 55ᵈ (play on be-ĕmunatham I Chronicles, Book of 9, 22) באומנותם through their skill; and frequently— the workmanship (or its equivalent) to be furnished the (Roman) government. Bava Bathra 9, 4. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 6, end, 26ᵃ; Tosefta Demai 6, 4; compare אוֹצָר.—plural אוּמָנִיּוֹת. Bereshith Rabbah section 24. Bamidbar Rabbah section 15 קורא א׳ invited people by trades (each day another trade); Tanchuma B’haăl., 3 קורא בכל יום א׳.—Transferred arts, devices. Shemoth Rabbah section 47, end כל הצדיקים באו בא׳ all the righteous (in their pleas and prayers) came with devices before the Lord (as Abraham prayed in behalf of fifty, forty etc.). ↗ original
אוּמָנוּתָא Targum Onkelos Exodus 35, 33; and elsewhere—Makkoth 8ᵇ; and elsewhere—Koheleth Rabbah to 3, 9 מאי מהני אומנה באוּמָנוּתֵיה what does the artist profit by his skill? Yerushalmi (prefix) Git. 5, 47ᵇ bottom of the page יהבין בניהון לא׳ indenture their children as apprentices; Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 10, 17ᶜ bottom of the page לאומנתה (correct accordingly). Shabbath 103ᵃ חזי א׳ וכ׳ sees a mechanical contrivance on a Sabbath and learns it. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 4, 28ᵈ אמנותא (corr according), see טְרִיקְלֵין.—plural אוּמַנְוָותָא, אוּמַנְוָן; אוּמַנְוָון. Targum Exodus the passage cited Targum 2 Esther 6, 12; and frequently [Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 13ᵃ top, see אוּמַן.] ↗ original
אוּמְצָא com. (אמץ) a thick piece of meat, a piece which can be eaten raw after pressing etc. Shabbath 128ᵃ חזי לא׳ fit to be eaten raw. Chullin 44ᵇ א׳ מעלייתא a fine piece etc.; and frequently—plural אוּמְצֵי. Git. 69ᵃ שב א׳ seven pieces. ↗ original
אָוֶן √או = עוto curve, be curved, hollow; to press, be pressed; see אוי, oppression, wrong (= עָוֹן) falsehood, vanity (= הֶבֶל). א׳ גִּלְיוֹן a cacophemistic adaptation of εὐαγγέλιον (see גליון). Shabbath 116ᵃ bottom of the page (after לסכוניה, omitted in edition) דר׳ מאיר א׳ ג׳ ר׳ יוחנן קרי ליה עון גליון (Rashi manuscript ר׳ מאיר, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) R. Meïr called the gospel falsehood of blank paper (or of revelation), R. Yoḥ. called it sin of etc. [the same place (ibid.) several times עון גליון or און ג׳ in manuscript a. older editions, for אירייתא אחריתי etc. in recent edition, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)] ↗ original
אוֹןpossession, power. Tosefta Avodah Zarah 3, 16 (4, beginning) כתב לו אוׄנוׄ if he (the seller of the slave) wrote to him (gave him in writing) the liberty of his disposal of himself, i.e. that the slave, if he should run away from the buyer, would not be claimed by him who sold him; Git. 43ᵇ כתב עליו אונו (read אליו or לו). the same place (ibid.) מאי אונו what means ‘his own possession’? Ans. He wrote to him this, ‘If thou run away from him (the purchaser), I have nothing to do with thee. the same place (ibid.) 85ᵇ.—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 1, end, 8ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 60ᶜ אונו, see אוֹנִי.] 5. אוֹנָה. ↗ original
אַיְנָא 1 (see foregoing words; compare גנן, חָנָה, חוּן, a. עוֹנָה, מָעוֹן) [circle], night-lodging, station for travellers (see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Mansio). Nazir 7ᵃ כל אוו׳ וא׳ every station. Bava Metzia 79ᵇ; Avodah Zarah 65ᵃ מא׳ לא׳ from station to station.—Devarim Rabbah section 6 she dared to bring disorder into אוננא של מלך (read אוונא or אַוְונָה, see below) the royal head quarters. plural אַוְונִין, אֲוָונִין. Targum Isaiah 10, 32 (edition Vienna edition אַוְנִין). [Shabbath 157ᵇ אוונא, see אוּדְנָא 2.] [Comment. use Hebrew forms אַוְונָה, plural אַוְונוֹת.] ↗ original
אֲוָנָא 2 (see foregoing) Avana, on the Tigris. Kiddushin 71ᵇ אכברא וא׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) (other edition Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אכבדא); Talmud edition בגדא ואוונא [variant reading בגדת] Okhbara and Avana as bordertowns of Babylonia (see De Sacy Chrest. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) 1, p. 358 and the following; Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word). ↗ original
*אונאNakis Una(?), a gentile name. Git. 11ᵃ ↗ original
אוּנָא (contracted of אוּדְנָא, compare however אָוֶן) ear, see plural handle of a vessel. Git. 69ᵇ. Shabbath 108ᵃ top of the page lobe of a lung. Chullin 59ᵇ; and frequently—plural אוּנֵי. the same place (ibid.) 38ᵃ אזוזי א׳ moving the ears (as a sign of life in the last stages). Yevamoth 60ᵇ מפיקנא … מאוניך we shall get R. … out of thy ears, i.e. we shall make thee give up thy authority (a threat of excommunication). Bereshith Rabbah section 45 אוניך דחמר thy ears are those of an ass.—Chullin 47ᵃ ה׳ אוני וכ׳ the lungs have five lobes; and frequently [Later Rabbinovicz literature uses אוּמָא, see אוּם, for the large lump from which the lobes branch off.] 5. אוּנִין. ↗ original
אוֹנָאָה (יני; compare הוֹנָאָה) oppression, wrong. Bava Metzia 58ᵇ גדולה אוֹנָאַת דברים מא׳ ממון the wrong you do by means of words (wounding one’s feelings) is worse than that by pecuniary imposition. the same place (ibid.) 59ᵃ לעולם יהא … באוֹנָאַת אשתו וכ׳ one should always be on his guard not to wound his wife’s feeling, for as her tears are frequent אוֹנָאָתָהּ מרובה so is her sense of wrong (sensibility) deep. (law) imposition, overreaching, fraudulent representation (which invalidates the transaction or requires redress); hence, redress in case of overreaching. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 4, 9ᵈ top, and frequently whoever concludes a bargain במנת שאין לו א׳ וכ׳ with the provision that no legal redress shall be resorted to, is notwithstanding entitled to redress.—Denomin. Verb(אוֹנָה), Hithpa'el הִתְאוֹנֶהto be imposed upon, to feel one’s self overreached. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 4, 9ᵈ top of the page בשעה שהמוכר מִתְאוֹנֶה וכ׳ if the seller sues for undue advantage taken of him, he has the privilege of redress, provided the advantage amounts to one fifth or more of the price charged; if the buyer sues etc. [In Babli the denomin. verb is אִינָּה, see אני.] ↗ original
אוֹנָה 2 (see אוֹן) possession, title of possession, deed. Bereshith Rabbah section 79 (referring to the letters יה in קשיֹטהֹ Genesis 33, 19) יו"ד ה"א כותב הא׳ וכ׳Yod He (i.e. the Lord) writes the deed; the Lord bears witness to the deed.—plural אוֹנוֹת. Bava Bathra 52ᵃ א׳ ושטרות וכ׳ deeds of purchase and other documents were issued in his name. ↗ original
אוֹנוֹ (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a place Ono, W. N. W. of Jerusalem. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 2; Echah Rabbah to 1, 17. Sanhedrin 11ᵇ איש א׳ Munich manuscript (edition אוני); and frequently 5. אוֹנִי 2. ↗ original
אוֹנִי 1(אוֹנוּ) אוֹנִית feminine = אוֹנָה, compare אוֹנִיתָא. [The phonetic coïncidence with ὠνή produced the peculiar use of our word in connection with Greek terms, in the Palest. literature.] Bereshith Rabbah section 2 beginning בא׳ אחת ובטימי וכ׳ in one bill of sale and for the same price. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 4, 31ᵇ bottom of the page מיסתיוסיס בא׳ היא וכ׳ (read מיסתוס׳) it is a lease with a title of possession (for the term), and is (for the time being) an acquisition like a purchase. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 60ᶜ (אוני a. אונו); and elsewhere—plural אוֹנִיוֹת. Bereshith Rabbah section 84, end כמה א׳ וכ׳ how many deeds were written for him (how many times was he sold)?, compare אוֹן. [Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 104, 24; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Rosh. Hash. p. 151ᵃ, see אוֹנָיָה.] ↗ original
אוֹנִי 2בית א׳ proper noun of a place (Beth) Oni in Palestine, probably identic with אוֹנוֹ. Tosefta Shevi'ith 7, 14 פגי בית א׳ (edition Zuckermann Talmudische Munzen und Gewichte, Breslau 1862 בֵיתְיַאנֵי, בֵיתְיַינֵי, variant reading ביתיני) the unripe grapes of B. O. (Beth Yanai).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Git. 4, 46ᵃ א׳ אסור וכ׳ if a slave fled to Oni, he must not be extradited (because O. is a Palestinean place). 5. הִינִי 3. ↗ original
אוֹנְיָא masculine (probably) of Oni, see foregoing, or proper noun of a male person Onya (= Onias?). Yerushalmi (prefix) Orlah 1, 61ᵃ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, 3ᶜ; the same place (ibid.)ᵈ אנייא R. Joshua Onia, an Amora. ↗ original
אוֹנָיָה (= אוֹנָאָה; compare Ezek. 46, 18) properly oppression, wrong, hence confiscation, dispossession. plural אוֹנָיוֹת. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 104, 24 (play on oniyoth ibid.) אלו הא׳ וכ׳ those are the oppressive measures which they inflict upon Israel, which they order to be written out eveny day. *Pesikta Rabbati Hash. p. 151ᵃ; Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 312 הוֹנָיוֹת וזמיות confiscations and fines (Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 121; Vayikra Rabbah section 29, and elsewhere ארנוניות, see Buber Pesikta d'Rav Kahana the passage cited note). ↗ original
אוּנְיָיקִיBeth-Unyaki, Bithynia, in Asia Minor (compare Neubauer Geographie du Talmud, Paris 1868 pp. 262; 422). Yoma 10ᵃ תובל זה בית א׳ (Munich manuscript אונקי indistinct; other variant reading, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) Tubal means B. Avodah Zarah 2, 4 (29ᵇ) cheese of בית א׳ (Munich manuscript אונקי, איניקי, Mishnah Nap. ותינייקי, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)). Tosefta Shevi'ith 5, 9 הונייקי (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) גבינה ובית היניקי read גבינת ב׳ ה׳); Tosefta Avodah Zarah 4, 13 בית הינייקי (variant reading היניקאי). Cmp. וְתַנְיָה a. אַנְיָאקָא. ↗ original
אוֹנִיתָאtitle of possession, deed. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 69ᵃ והוו משלחין א׳ וכ׳ they would send the (forged) deed of sale to the steward; Echah Rabbah to 2, 2 (correct accordingly). ↗ original
אוֹנָיָתָאoppression, wrong. Bava Bathra 22ᵃ א׳ דמלכא וכ׳ the wrong inflicted on the king of Edom. Vayikra Rabbah section 33, beginning (referring to Amos 7, 7, see אֲנָךְ I) על שורא דא׳ upon the wall of (i.e. watching over) the wrongs (in sale and purchase); compare Bava Metzia 59ᵃ ↗ original
אונכלי Tosefta Shevuoth 6, 4 edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.), see אֲמַפְּלַי↗ original
אֲוַנְכְּרֵי (probably a nom. gentil., from a trading station named אוונכר, a compound of אוונא [a. אִכָּר?]; compare אֲוָנָא) Avankreans(?), traders. Sukkah 30ᵃ; 30ᵇ. [Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) identifies our word with אַכְוַנְגַּר which is not in agreement with the context.] ↗ original
אוֹנֶס (אָנַס) compulsion, force; unavoidable interference, accident. Git. 30ᵃ, and elsewhere אין א׳ בגיטין the plea of unavoidable interference cannot be raised in letters of divorce (to which a condition is attached). Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 81ᵈ bottom of the page, and elsewhere מחמת אוֹנְסוֹ through no fault of his.—plural אוֹנְסִים, אוֹנְסִין. Nedarim 3, 1, and elsewhere נדרי א׳ vows on conditions unavoidably unfulfilled. ↗ original
אוֹנֶס ² (see foregoing) wrong, oppression. Targum Isaiah 58, 9; 13 מלין דא׳ offensive (violent) words (Hebrew text אָוֶן, compare אוֹנָאָה). ↗ original
אוּנְסָא (= Hebrew אוֹנֶס, see foregoing) force, wrong, robbery; accident. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 31, 12; and frequently—Git. 34ᵃ. אי משום א׳ shall we take into consideration the possibility of an unavoidable accident?—plural אוֹנְסַיָּא. Nedarim 27ᵇ א׳ דמיגליא (read דמיגליי, Rashi אונסא) accidents which may be foreseen. ↗ original
אוֹנְקוֹס (ὄγκος) bulk, pile; (in philosophy) a primitive body. Tanchuma T’rum. 11 א׳ של מים the body of water; א׳ של אש (some edition אונקנוס). trouble, difficulty, painstaking. Bereshith Rabbah section 12 (referring to Nehemiah 9, 6 and the following) כל הא׳ הזה וכ׳ (edition אונקים, correct accordingly) what is all this painstaking (creating the universe etc.) for? Ans. Because ‘thou art the Lord who hast chosen Abraham’ i.e. for the sake of establishing religion on earth; compare Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 104, 18. ↗ original
אוּנְקַי (see אוּנְקָא I, a. אוּנְקְלַי I) neck-shaped, hook, grapple.—plural (אוּנְקָאוֹת) אוּנְקִיּוֹת. Kelim 12, 2 (variant reading in Mishnah edition אוּנְקְלִיּוֹת). Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 2, 4 (disting. from אוּנְקְלָאוֹת).—[ for אונקיא, see next word] ↗ original
אוּנְקְיָא (uncia, οὐγκία) ounce, one twelfth of a litra. Bereshith Rabbah section 17 א׳ של כסף an ounce of silver. Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 נסבון מן אונקא (העיר) (correct accordingly) they bought ounce-wise (pepper). in a transferred sense a trifle, particle. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 68ᶜ top there is not a generation in which there is not (to be atoned for through suffering) אונקי אחת וכ׳ (read אונקיא אחת) a particle of the sin of the calf-worship. Shemoth Rabbah section 43, beginning אוקיא (correct accordingly). Bereshith Rabbah section 29; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 47; Yalkut Shimoni Job. 908 (play on אי נקי Job. 22, 30) א׳ אחת היתה וכ׳ only an ounce (of merit) did Noah possess; see אינוניתא.—plural אוּנְקִיּוֹת. Bereshith Rabbah section 79, end (play on the letters of קׄשׄיׄטׄהׄ Genesis 33, 19) במאה אונקֹיות … סׄלעים … טׄלאים for one hundred (קׄ) ounces (of gold) etc. 5. אוּקְיָא. ↗ original
אוֹנְקְלוֹס (Ocellus?) Onk’los, the alleged translator of the Pentateuch into Chaldaic, frequently surnamed הַגֵּר the proselyte; often identified with Aquila, the alleged author of a Greek translation of the Bible; see עְקִילָס. Cmp. Megillah 3ᵃ; Avodah Zarah 11ᵃ, with Tanchuma Mishpatim 5. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 11 אלקולאון which see ↗ original
אוּנְקְלַי 1אָנְקְלַי feminine (אנק, with ל format.; = אוּנְקַי; corresp. to Biblical Hebrew לוּלַי; Greek adapt. ἀγκολη, 70 Exodus 26, 10; compare אוֹנִי as to contact of the two languages) properly little (camel’s) neck, hence hook, rack. Kelim 12, 2 א׳ של כתפין Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אונקליות, אונקלין with adject. in the singular, correct accordingly) the carriers’ hook attached to their yoke, pole etc. the same place (ibid.) א׳ של דרגש the hook of the bedstead (used for fastening the girths to the posts); של נקליטין the rack of the bed-curtain, see נַקְלִיטִין. the same place (ibid.) 3 א׳ שבכותלים hook attached to walls.—T’bul Yom 4, 6 ואנ׳ שלהם קיימת and the hook (attached to the now broken yoke) remained unimpaired; and frequently—plural אוּנְקְלָאוֹת, אָנְקְ׳, (אונקלין) אוּנְקְלִיּוֹת. Tamid 3, 5; Mid. 3, 5; and frequently—Kelim the passage cited; Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 2, 4; see אוּנְקַי. [compare ἀγκαλίς in S.] the load carried on the hook, the farmer’s load of sheaves or bunches; compare בלונקי. Tosefta Maʿǎser Sheni 4, 10. כל הא׳ the whole load. [the same place (ibid.) 11 אונקולין, אונקלי, read with edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) אינפולי]. Transferred (medic.) bent cartilage, especially the cartilage (cart. ensiformis) at the end of the sternum which, being bent inside, presses on the stomach and creates nausea etc. Avodah Zarah 29ᵃ מעלין א׳ וכ׳ you are permitted to lift the cartilage on the Sabbath (by means of a bandage etc.). the same place (ibid.) מאי א׳ וכ׳ what unklay is meant? Ans. the cartilage in front of the heart; see אִיסְתּוֹמְכָא. ↗ original
אוּנְקְלַי 2אוּנְקַל, נִקְלָה, נִיקְלַי feminine (נקל, קל, compare especially 2 Samuel 6, 20 to 22) the light garment, whence, a name for the easy dress worn in the house and, under the cloak, in the street, but in which it was unbecoming to appear in public. [Cmp. 2 Samuel the passage cited a. Bamidbar Rabbah section 4; and elsewhere] Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 6, 43ᵈ top אוּנְקְלָה, נקלה, for which Menachoth 109ᵇ אונקלי. Sanhedrin 82ᵃ he took off the point of his spear והניחה באונקלוֹ (some edition לי—) and put it (hiding it) in his undergarment. Moed Katan 24ᵃ אָבֵל מטייל בא׳ וכ׳ (Munich manuscript מטייל אָבֵל) a mourner may walk on the Sabbath within the limits of his house (garden etc.) in the easy dress (showing the rent on account of a death in the family; Rashi). Shabbath 120ᵃ (garments to be saved from fire on a Sabbath) אונקלי; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 16, 15ᵈ top ניקלי.—Megillah 4, 8 (24ᵇ) בית א׳; (read as) Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) a. manuscripts בית יד א׳ the sleeve of his under-dress. [Tosefta Maʿǎser Sheni 4, 11, see foregoing 2.] ↗ original
אַוְסֵי (or אוּ׳) masculine plural (√אף soft. into או; compare אַף, אָנַף; also אֶפֶס) nose, nostrils. Shabbath 67ᵃ ואאוסי דגוריתא and on the nostrils of the young lioness. Bava Bathra 73ᵇ דסליק עליה באוסיה אכלה טינא ומית Manuscript Rome (edition דיתבא ליה אכלה טינא באוסי׳, Munich manuscript אבלה, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) incorr., see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) into whose nostrils a ‘mud-eater’ (worm) entered, and the fish died. Pesachim 112ᵃ ידא אאוסיא וכ׳ (Munich manuscript a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) א־פגא) putting the hand to the nose is a step to fear (indicating anxiety). Chullin 67ᵇ ועיילי באוסַיֵּיה and they (the worms) creep into its nostrils. ↗ original
אוּסְמָנָא (אסם = חֲסַם 2) [the glistening.] surname of an Egyptian tribe. Targum Psalms 68, 32 (variant reading חוּסְמָנַיָּא, a. אוּכְמָנָאthe dark.). Cmp. 70 χασμωνίειμ, for כסלחים; Genesis 10, 14; see Fürst. H. Dictionary under the word כסלח; Ges. H. Dictionary under the word חשם. ↗ original
אוּסְקָנִיתא (נסק; compare מַסְקָנָא) ascending, landing. גמלא דא׳landing board. Sanhedrin 67ᵇ וקם אג׳ דא׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition וקם ג׳ דוסקנ׳ read with Rashi דסקונ׳, Munich manuscript איסקניתא, other var. see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) and he found himself standing on a landing board (edition and there stood before him etc.). ↗ original
אוֹף 1 (= אַף) too, also. (Yer. Dial.). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 16, 13; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 1, beginning 21ᶜ א׳ הכא here too. ↗ original
אוּפֵי (= עֳפִי Daniel 4, 9; compare Biblical Hebrew עָנָף, a. אִיבָּא, אִנְבָּא) branches, especially dry twigs, spray-wood. Berachoth 44ᵇ א׳ פרסייתא twigs of Persian trees. Chullin 105ᵃ פתכא דא׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אופיי) a bundle of twigs. Bava Metzia 30ᵇ. Git. 61ᵃ שדי אופיי (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אופי) threw twigs down (which he cut off), and dates fell off (see Tossaf. ad loc. (on the passage)). ↗ original
אוֹפִי feminine (אוֹף masculine) (Biblical Hebrew face, looks, whence, nature, disposition, ways etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 1, 45ᵈ אין אתה יכול לעמוד על א׳ של וכ׳ You cannot understand the nature of that people. Vayikra Rabbah section 30 אופוֹ של דוד Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) (edition pr. אופי, edition אפו) David’s ways. Ylamdenu Vaëthḥ. (quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh)) ‘who is that nation’ שהיא יודעת אופו של אלוהיה Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) (other edition אופי) that knows the ways of her God (what he desires etc.); see Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 825.—Bereshith Rabbah section 14 end נשמה זו הא׳n’shamah (breath, soul) means the disposition, character, as people say האוֹפִיתָא טבא the good nature! ↗ original
אוֹפְיָא (אוף; see אנף; Biblical Hebrew what is blown off, foam, froth. Avoth Zara 26ᵃ כי א׳ דימא Munich manuscript (edition דנהרא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage), a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) under the word אפי) as the foam of the Sea [river]; (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) as logs on the river, see אוּפְתָּא, אוּפֵי). the same place (ibid.) 70ᵇ הוות נקיטא א׳ (variant reading חופיא, ה׳, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 20) she took the froth off. Chullin 105ᵇ א׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) ה׳). ↗ original
אוֹפִיכָא (אוֹפְכָיָיא feminine) (אפך) destruction, ruin. Echah Rabbah to 3, 13 (explained בני אשפתו ibid., see אַשְׁפָּה) בני אוֹפִיכֵיה (variant reading אוֹפְכָיֵיה) the children of those he laid in ruins; see אִימְרָיָיא. [Differ. in Esther Rabbah to 1, 1ᵇ, see אוּכַּיְיפָא a. אֲמוּרְיָא.] ↗ original
אוֹפִיקְיָלִין (officialis, ὀφφικιάλιος) subordinate officials, constables. Ylamdenu Balak (quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word בלש) או׳ edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) the same place (ibid.) שלח אפיקלין (correct accordingly) he sent constables (for her son). ↗ original
אוֹפִיתָא (= Hebrew אוֹפִי) nature, disposition. Bereshith Rabbah section 14, end, see אוֹפִי. ↗ original
אוֹפֶלdarkness. Bereshith Rabbah section 89, beginning see אֲפֵילָה. ↗ original
אוֹפָן , see פנה) wheel. (with referring to Ezek. 1, 15) proper noun Ofan, name of an angel. Chagigah 13ᵇ.—plural אוֹפַנִּים. the same place (ibid.) 12ᵇ. Rosh Hashanah 24ᵇ.—[In liturgic literature אופנים and אופן are used as the names of a section of the morning prayers; see אוֹפַנָּא.] ↗ original
אוֹפֶןturn, method, plan. [In later Hebr.: method of interpretation = פָּנִים.]—plural אוֹפָנִים; Dualאוֹפְנַיִים. Ruth. R. section 2, beginning You will soon find out איפניים שלהם וכ׳ (Yalkut Shimoni Joshua 7 אופנים) their plans (strategic movements). Avoth d’R. Nath. (edition Taussig, N’veh Shal. p. 12) על אופניו in its proper way. ↗ original
אוֹפַנָּא —plural אוֹפַנַּיָּא. Targum Ezek. 10, 13.—אוֹפַנַּיָּיה that section of the morning prayers beginning with v’haofannim and describing the angelic praises. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 5, 9ᶜ bottom of the page ↗ original
אוֹפְנָאturn, interpretation, qualification. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 6, 25ᵇ bottom of the page א׳ לית לון א׳ לית לסתמא we do not recognize an interpretation (of an agreement, so as to say, נעשה כאומר וכ׳ ‘it means as though they had said—’); no qualification is admissible for an unqualified agreement. ↗ original
אוּפְסַיִם du. (compare אֶפֶס—, a. פֵּס, פִּסָּה) palms of the hand. Mechilta Beshallach Vayissa, section 3, to Exodus 16, 12 the Mannah came down על האו׳ וכ׳ on the hands of the Lord, as if it were to say, the Lord held forth etc. [In some edition אוּפְסִין.] ↗ original
אוּפְתָּא (see אוּפֵי) properly the large central branch, hence trunk, stalk. Sukkah 32ᵃ ואימא א׳ may I not say (as you insist on the palm-branch being kafuth, tied, joined) that I must use the stalk?—Chullin 47ᵇ lungs resembling לא׳ a trunk (in color, touch etc.). the same place (ibid.) 16ᵃ וי"ו דכתיב אא׳ a Vav. written on a trunk (being broken on account of the rough surface = idle-talk). ↗ original
אוּץ , see אוי I; compare אָפַץ; see חוּץ a. חָצָה) to be pressed (to press, hurry).—participle אוֹצֶה, plural אוֹצִין (as from אצה, see חוּץ, חוּל) squeezed in. Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 9, 5 א׳ חבור (variant reading הוצין) when they are squeezed in (tight), they are considered as connected for levitical purposes. ↗ original
אוֹצָרstore-house, magazine; provision; hoarded up treasure. Bava Bathra 58ᵃ; Git. 67ᵃ, see בָּלַם a. בָּלַס. Avodah Zarah 40ᵇ; see הֶפְתֵּק; and frequently—Esp. treasury, the (Roman) government’s treasury department where taxes in kind and money had to be paid. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 6, end, 26ᵃ ושקול על ידי לא׳ and pay for me in the treasury-department. Tosefta Demai 6, 4 ושקול תחתיי מן הא׳ (read אל הא׳). the same place (ibid.) 3 ושוקל לא׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (edition incorr. ואוצר). the same place (ibid.) 4 פוטריני מן הא׳ get me a release from the treasury-dep.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai the passage cited פרשיני מן הא׳ (read פוטריני). Avodah Zarah 71ᵃ לא׳, מן הא׳, Munich manuscript (edition עוצר); compare אָצַר.—plural אוֹצָרוֹת. Bava Bathra 11ᵃ גנזו א׳ manuscript (edition א׳ omitted); see גָּנַז.—Chagigah 12ᵇ אוֹצְרוֹת שלג וכ׳ the stores of snow etc. (in the heavens); and frequently 5. אֹצְרוֹת, א׳ רוח. ↗ original
אוֹצָרָא Targum Jeremiah 38, 11; and frequently—plural אוֹצְרִין, אוֹצְרַיָּא. Targum Genesis 41, 56; and elsewhere ↗ original
אוֹקְיָינוֹס (Ὠκέανος) Ocean, mostly Mediterranean Sea. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 1, 7; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Challah 4, 60ᵃ bottom of the page; and frequently—Tanchuma Ḥaye 3, and so is א׳ ים המת the Okeanos called the Sea of (covering) the dead. [variant reading אונק׳, אנק׳.] ↗ original
אוֹר 1to perforate, break through, shine.—Denom. אַוִּיר, מְאוּרָה etc. Nif'al נִפְעַל נֵאוֹרto be broken through, grow light. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 2ᶜ משיֵאוֹר המזרח from the time the Eastern horizon is broken through, grows light. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֵאִיר (neut. see) (neut. see) to break through, shine. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 6ᶜ bottom of the page open thy lips ויָאִירוּ דבריך and let thy words come forth, speak out boldly. Yoma 3, 1 ה׳ פני כל וכ׳ it has grown light all over the Eastern horizon.—פנים מֵאִירוֹת bright countenance. Bamidbar Rabbah section 11; and elsewhere (active see) to enlighten, brighten, make shine. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 83ᵇ ה׳ עיניו וכ׳ (the teacher had opened his (Samuel’s) eyes etc. Bava Metzia 33ᵃ. Bamidbar Rabbah the passage cited the same place (ibid.) המזבח מֵאִירִים את (frequently Malachi 1, 10) making the altar bright (with fire), feeding the fire on the altar. Yoma 73ᵇ, see אוּר. ↗ original
אוֹר participle passive נָאוֹרclear. Targum Proverbs 4, 25 נְאוֹרָן, נְאֹרָן, see חֲוַר. ↗ original
אוֹר 2foregoing) breaking forth (compare Isaiah 58, 8) whence break of day, light, day; fire; in a transferred sense rise, glory, power, happiness. Berachoth 2ᵇ ביאת אוֹרוֹ the entrance of his day-break (dawn of his eighth day; Tosafoth ad loc. (on the passage) the sunset of his seventh day). Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 1, beginning 27ᵃ א׳ החמה sun-light. the same place (ibid.) א׳ הנר candle light. Kethuboth 111ᵇ א׳ תורה light of the Law. Bava Bathra 4ᵃ אוֹרוֹ של עולם intellectual light of the wold (a great man; the Law). Bamidbar Rabbah section 15 אור של מעלן the celestial fire (believed to be the source of all light and fire); and very frequently (breaking in of night) twilight, evening. Pesachim 1, 1 לארבעה וכ׳ א׳ on the evening (eve) of the fourteenth day of Nissan; see discussion ibid. 2ᵃ and the following, about the meaning of our word Rosh Hashanah 22ᵇ; Sanhedrin 70ᵇ לא׳ עיבורו the evening following the eventual intercalation, i.e. the evening from the thirtieth of the past to the first of the beginning month. (homil. = אוֹרָה 2) rue. Bereshith Rabbah section 20 in the Pentat. of R. M. it read כתנות אור וכ׳ (in place of עור Genesis 3, 21) this alludes to the garments of Adam resembling the rue, wide below and narrow above; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (Rashi different interpretation or differently interpreted). ↗ original
אוּר 1foregoing) properly light, flame; especially plural אוּרִים ותומיםthe Urim and Tummim in the High-priest’s breast-plate. Yoma 73ᵇ א׳ שמאירים את דבריהם they are called Urim because they give their decisions in a clear way (not ambiguous as the oracles); compare Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 7, end, 44ᶜ. Sotah 9, 12. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 4, beginning 65ᵇ ↗ original
*אוּר 2 (= עוּר which see) chaff. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 40ᵈ א׳ דשערין chaff of barley; (Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 14, 14ᵈ עור דסערין). ↗ original
אוּרָא 1 , plural אוּרַיָּאthe Urim. Targum Numbers 27, 21; and elsewhere ↗ original
*אוּרָא 2skin. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 3 beginning 37ᵈ אוּרֵיה (read אוּדְרֵיה?, see אֵדֶר I); see however Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 3, 34ᵈ ↗ original
אוֹרָאָהteaching, decision. Targum Ezekiel 7, 26; and elsewhere ↗ original
אוּרְבָּא (ארב, ערבto braid, interlace etc.); plural אוּרְבֵּי, אָרְבֵּיmeshes, void spaces, intervals. Shabbath 50ᵇ ביני או׳ edition (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) ארבי, variant reading אַרְכֵי, see אַרְכָא I; אדכי, see Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) S. 5. ארכי, note) between the meshes or void spaces between the bricks. Git. 69ᵇ. Bava Bathra 3ᵃ (manuscript ירכי, other variant reading see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). ↗ original
אוּרְבִּינָא (ארב, see foregoing, compare סבך, סכך) brier, nettle or a similar plant (corresp. to Hebrew סרפד). Targum 2, Esther 2, 7 (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) ארבניא). ↗ original
אוּרְבָּנָא, plural אוּרְבָּנֵי masculine (see foregoing; compare עֲרָבָה) bulrushes. Shabbath 101ᵃ קני ואו׳ (some edition ואר׳) reeds and bulrushes. Sanhedrin 82ᵇ בין קני לא׳ וכ׳ what has Sh’vilnai (a woman) to do between the reeds and the bulrushes? (proverb for suspicious movements of women). Bava Bathra 6ᵃ, see צְרִיפָא. ↗ original
אורדי Kiddushin 12ᵃ, זוודא דא׳, read דאוּדְרֵי or דאוּדְדֵי, see אוּדְדָא↗ original
אוּרְדַּעְנָה (see foregoing) a disease of the tongue, rana (frog). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 14, 14ᵈ top of the page ↗ original
אוֹרָה 1 (Biblical Hebrew = אוֹר) light, sun. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 2, 29ᵃ מאיר כא׳ clear as the sun. Zevachim 19ᵇ, and elsewhere לא׳at daybreak. Bereshith Rabbah section 3 beginning; and frequently—Chaldaic (Aramaic) Adv. לִכְאוֹרָהat first sight, apparently. Kethuboth 54ᵃ לכא׳ כשמואל רהיטא apparently it would run (agree) with Samuel, כי מעיינת וכ׳ but when you consider etc. ↗ original
אוֹרָה 2 ; plural אוֹרוֹת (Biblical Hebrew herbs, especially rocket. Yoma 18ᵇ, explained גַּרְגִּיר (etymol. שמאירות וכ׳; compare Plin. 20, 13 quoted in Löw Aram. Low, Aramaische Pflanzennamen, Leipzig 1881 p. 93). [Bereshith Rabbah section 20 אוֹר rue; see אוֹר 2, 3.] ↗ original
אוֹרֶז (compare ὄρυζα, Biblical Hebrew root or radix ארז to be hard) rice. Berachoth 37ᵃ; and frequently—Pesachim 35ᵃ (opinions as to its classification with referring to Passover laws). Cmp. אֶרֶז. ↗ original
אוּרְזָא Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 15, 19 אורי׳.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, 6ᵇ top אורז׳. Pesachim 50ᵇ ארו׳ (Munich manuscript אורז; the same place (ibid.) 51ᵃ top ארזא, correct accordingly). the same place (ibid.) 114ᵇ ארוזא. ↗ original
אוּרְזִילָא (אזל with anorg. ר; Syriac (Peshitta) עוזילא) a slender young animal, especially the young of the gazelle or any similar animal (Reëm). Targum Song of Songs 2, 9 א׳ דאיילא (Hebrew text עֹפֶר). Zevachim 113ᵇ א׳ דרימא בת יומא (read בר); Bava Bathra 73ᵇ (corrupted as Zevachim the passage cited; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) a young antilope one day old. Bamidbar Rabbah section 11; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 9; Pesikta Rabbati section 15 א׳ דאיילתא (עוּרְזִילֵיהוֹן וכ׳ plural) young deer.—plural אוּרְזִילִין, אוֹרְ׳; אַרְזִילֵי. Targum Song of Songs 4, 5; 7, 4. Bava Bathra 74ᵇ ארזילי דימא (Munich manuscript אוזילי) sea-gazelles.—[ hammock, see אַרְזְלָא.] ↗ original
אוּרְזָנַיָּיא (אורזא) a rice dish (prepared with wine). [Oth. opinion cedar-fruits; millet.] Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 2, beginning 53ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 8, 45ᵃ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 3, 34ᵇ bottom of the page אורזרייה (correct accordingly). ↗ original
אוֹרֵחַwayfarer, especially guest. Berachoth 58ᵃ; and frequently—Euphem. menstruation. Niddah 16ᵃ (compare Genesis 18, 11 oraḥ). Vayikra Rabbah section 4.—plural אוֹרְחִים, אוֹרְחִין.—הכנסת א׳ the invitation of guests, hospitality. Shabbath 127ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original
אוֹרַח common gender = Hebrew אֹרַח, road, path, way. Targum Judges 5, 6; and frequently—א׳ ארעא (Hebrew דרך ארץ) custom. Avodah Zarah 2ᵇ; and frequently—א׳ דמילתא a usual incident. Git. 29ᵃ; and frequently—אגב אורחך, אגב אורחיה etc. on thy road (his road etc.), i.e. by the way, occasionally, incidentally. Berachoth 2ᵃ. Sanhedrin 95ᵇ; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 100 על א׳ for the journey (death). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 35, 9 ארחא דעלמא the way of the world (death).—pluralאוֹרְחָן, אָרְחָן; אָרְחָתָא. Targum Judges the passage cited Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 49, 17; and elsewhere—Sanhedrin 109ᵃ יהבית אוֹרְחַיָּה לגנבַיָּה (missing in Munich manuscript, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) thou hast shown the thieves the ways (of stealing).—[אוֹרְחָא guest, see אָרְחָא.] ↗ original
אוּרִי (Biblical Hebrew) Uri, an Amora. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, beginning 4ᵃ ר׳ חונה ר׳ א׳ R. Ḥuna in the name of R. U. ↗ original
אוּרְיָא (see אוֹר a. אוּרְתָּא)evening horizon, Sun-set, West, see מערבא. Bava Bathra 25ᵃ אוריה מאי edition (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אוריא) why is it called Urya? אויר יה (variant reading אור) divine air (divine light = Palestine). Kiddushin 12ᵇ איכא סהדי באוריא הא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אידית, emend. in Tossaf. אורית), [read with ב"ח: הא אמרי איכא וכ׳] but people say, there are witnesses in the West etc. Cmp. אֶסְתָּן. ↗ original
אוּרְיָא ²pile of plucked plants, stalk, shed containing feed (dist. frequently אוֹצָר granary).—plural אוּרְיָאוֹת, אוּרְיָי׳ (אוּרְיוֹת). Tosefta Maasroth 2, 20 edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading אוריות); the same place (ibid.) Eruvin VI (5), 4; Eruvin 55ᵇ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אוריות, אורוות, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). [In bibl. Hebrew אֻרְוָהcrib, stable which see] ↗ original
אוּרְיָא ³ (= Biblical Hebrew אֻרְוָה) crib; stable. Targum Isaiah 1, 3 (Hebrew text אֵבוּס which see).—Sanhedrin 98ᵇ סוסיא באוּרְיֵיה … a horse is placed at his (the ox’s) crib., i.e. Israel is displaced and other nations feed on his soil.—Moed Katan 10ᵇ למבני א׳ to build a stable (during the festive week). [Targum 2 Esther 6, 10; 11 אוּרַיָּא, read אוּרְיָאstable.]—plural אוּרְיָין, אוּרְוָותָא, (אוּרְיָיתָא) אֻרְוָותָא. Targum 2 Chronicles 9, 25; I Kings 5, 6. Targum 2 Esther the passage cited (אוּרְיָיתָא probably singular); and elsewhere ↗ original
אוֹרְיָא ² (horreum, plural horrea, ὡρεῖον, ὥριον; see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word) store-house, store (of all kinds). Tanchuma Bereshith 7 וכל א׳ שלי בתוכה all my stores are in that ship.—plural אוּרְיָאַיָּא (Chaldaic (Aramaic) form). Targum I Chronicles 21, 13.—אוּרְיָיאוֹת (Hebrew form). Targum 2 Chronicles 32, 28 (Hebrew text מסכנות). 5. אוֹרְיָיר, אֲהוֹרְיָיר. ↗ original
אוּרִיאֵלUriël, name of an angel. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 34, 6.—Bamidbar Rabbah section 2. ↗ original
אוֹרָיָיא (ירי, Af'el אוֹרִי = Hebrew תֹּורָה) instruction, the Law, Bible-verse. Targum Leviticus 6, 7; and frequently—מילה דא׳ (= דברי תורה) religious discourse, lesson, remarks etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 8, 16ᵃ אורייא; Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 3, 66ᶜ bottom of the page ייתא …—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 1, 18ᶜ אפלגינון במילי דא׳ he entertained them with religious discussions. Yerushalmi (prefix) Horayoth 3, beginning 47ᵃ עתיד לך מילה דא׳ be prepared for a religious discourse. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 3, 47ᶜ top מאי א׳ חדתא שמעת what novel interpretation hast thou heard? Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 2, 4ᵃ top מן הדא אורייה from what verse?—Taanith 4ᵃ ליה א׳ … מרתח׳ it is the zeal of study that makes him warm (excited). Kiddushin 71ᵇ אורייתין כשר׳ my instruction is acceptable, but my daughters are not desired. Shabbath 116ᵇ א׳ דמשה the Mosaic dispensation (opposite א׳ אחריתי the new dispensation, see אָוֶון).—דְּאוֹרַיְיתָא (supply (understood word) הלכה = Hebrew התורה מן) an enactment founded on the Bible text, opposite דרבנן. Sukkah 44ᵃ לולב דא׳ Lulab, the law concerning which is Biblical etc.; and frequently—מִדְּאוֹרַיְיתָא, adverb biblically, according to the Biblical law, opposite מדרבנן. Pesachim 10ᵃ; and frequently the Torah, the scroll containing the Pentateuch, used at divine service. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 7, 44ᵇ top כד היא חדא אוריא when you have no more than one scroll. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 4, 75ᵇ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 7, end, 22ᵃ כד חזרא אורייה (corrupted as Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma the passage cited). the same place (ibid.) תא וכ׳—תמן מייבלין א there (in Babylon) the Torah is carried to the Resh Galutha.—בר אוריא a scholar, man of learning. Yoma 78ᵃ. Chagigah 14ᵃ אריא (correct accordingly); see next word↗ original
אוֹרְיָיןsame; the Law. Shabbath 31ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) 88ᵃ א׳ תליתאי the threefold law (Pentat., Proph., Hagiogr.). scholarship, authority to teach and judge. Berachoth 12ᵃ בר אוריאן edition (Munich manuscript אוריא); see foregoing word—[ *authority, office. Bereshith Rabbah section 50 בית אוריין edition (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) מיתורין, Vayikra Rabbah section 26 מתורין) place of office. 5. מִיתוֹרְיִין.] ↗ original
אוֹרְיָין 2 (see foregoing) proper noun of a male person Oryan, Oryon. Esther Rabbah beginning אבא א׳, Abba O. (compare אַבָּא). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 10, 12ᵈ top יצחק בר אוריון. ↗ original
אוֹרְיָיר (horrearius, ὡρειάριος, see אוֹרְיָא, אֲהוֹרְיָיר)store-keeper, used in the sense of אוֹלְיָיר. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 4, beginning 14ᶜ מקום הא׳ (Tosefta ibid. 3, 3 בית האוליירין) the clothes-keeper’s room.—plural אוֹרְיָירִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) the passage cited אורורין, אורוו׳ (correct accordingly) Tohoroth 8, 7 אודיארין (correct accordingly; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 7, 8 אוליארין). ↗ original
אוּרְיָירָא —plural אוּרְיָירַיָּא. Targum I Chronicles 27, 25; 26, 22 (edition Rahm. אורייד׳, correct accordingly; variant reading אוּרְיָרַיָּא, Hebrew text על אוצרות). ↗ original
אוֹרֶךְlength, lengthiness. Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 13, וכל הא׳ הזה למה and why all this lengthiness (of speech). ↗ original
אוּרְכָּא , length. Targum Onkelos Genesis 6, 15 [Constr. אוֹרֶךְ Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 26, 13; Targum Onkelos the same place (ibid.), correct accordingly]—Shabbath 140ᵇ טונא כי טונא וא׳ וכ׳ a load (of twigs) is a load, and the length goes in the bargain (the price is the same). ↗ original
אוֹרָכוּתָא (= אֲרִיכוּת) length (of life). (of life). Targum Psalms 91, 16; and elsewhere waiting, hope. Ibid. 39, 8; and elsewhere tarrying. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 2, 31. ↗ original
אוֹרְלוֹגִין (ὡρολόγιον) horologe, time-piece. Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 1, 57ᵇ top of the page Pesikta Rabbati section 15; and elsewhere ↗ original
*אַוְרַנֹּוסאַוְרַנְסֵי, אַבְרַ׳ (ῥάμνος, rhamnus) a kind of prickly shrubs, used for medical purposes and carried in lengthy bundles (see D. C. Gr. under the word, a. Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word). Shabbath 91ᵇ או׳ edition (Munich manuscript אב׳; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) ארנסי). [As to ור, בר for aspirate r, see Lidd. a. Scott, Gr. Lex, 7ᵗʰ edition section lit. P.] ↗ original
אוּרְתָּא (see אוֹרevening, night. Pesachim 2ᵃ; 2ᵇ אור א׳ the or of the Mishn. means evening. Berachoth 3ᵇ; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 1, 17ᵇ top, see בְּרַת. ↗ original
אֲוַשׁ , Pa. אַוֵּושׁ, (√אוו, see אָוָוז; compare אוף, אנף, אפף, אופי, אוסי, אבב) to blow vehemently, make noise, shout. Bava Metzia 86ᵃ נשב זיקא וא׳ וכ׳ the wind blew and howled between the branches. Berachoth 50ᵃ וכ׳ איידי דאוושו because all shouted, the prayer was not heard. the same place (ibid.) אוושו כ"ע ברכו they all shouted ‘bar’khu’.—Eruvin 97ᵇ אוושא מילתא the thing grows loud, becomes known. Chullin 46ᵇ ריאה דא׳ lungs which give out a sound when blown up (indicating perforation). Berachoth 58ᵃ כי קא אוושא (Munich manuscript שמעו קל א׳) when shouting was heard. to swell, to be large, fulsome, lengthy (in wording). Rosh Hashanah 35ᵃ משום דאוושי ברכות (Munich manuscript קראי …) because the benedictions are numerous and lengthy. Nedarim 2ᵇ הלין דא׳ וכ׳ משום because the last named propositions are lengthy, he explained first what he had commenced with. ↗ original
אוּשׁ 1 (see foreg; compare יֵשׁ, אִישׁ) to be strong, exist. Nithpol. נִתְאוֹשֵׁשׁto be confirmed. Bereshith Rabbah section 67; section 78 והיכן נ׳ בידן when were the blessings made sure etc. Cmp. אָשַׁשׁ. ↗ original
אוּשׁ 2 (אשש 2, compare foregoing) plural אוּשִּׁיןfoundations. Bava Kamma 50ᵃ חופר לא׳ digs excavations for supporting walls. ↗ original
אוּשָּׁא , also fortification. Targum Song of Songs 8, 9.—plural אוּשַּׁיָּא. [Ezra 4, 12; and elsewhere]. Targum I Kings 7, 7; 6, 16; and elsewhere [Targum Micah 1, 6 edition Venice אַוְשָׁהָא her foundations. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 9, 18 אנשהא (corrupted אַוְ׳)]. [Not to be conf. with אשיתא]. ↗ original
אוּשָׁאUhsa, in Galilee; frequently the scene of rabbin. synods and enactments during and after the Hadrianic persecutions. Kethuboth 50ᵃ מרה דשמעתא דא׳ master of the traditions of U. (in whose name they are quoted). [the same place (ibid.) קאי באוכלוסא דא׳, read בהילכתא engaged in teaching the laws passed at U.] Rosh Hashanah 31ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original
*אוּשְׁכִּי a word in a charm formula, supposed to mean day. Shabbath 67ᵇ או׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אש׳, Munich manuscript אושקי). Cmp. Tosefta Shabbath 7 (8), 1. ↗ original
אוּשְׁכָּפָא (= Hebrew שַׁכָּף; שכף, √כף, compare אוּכָּף) worker in leather, saddler, shoemaker. Git. 68ᵇ.—plural אוּשְׁכָּפֵי. Shabbath 112ᵃ the travellers’ sandals דקטרי א׳ which the shoemakers knot (tightly). the same place (ibid.) 104ᵇ חרתא דא׳ the blacking used by shoemakers. the same place (ibid.) 123ᵇ חרבא דא׳ the leather dressers’ knife. Pesachim 42ᵇ פרורא דא׳ the shoemakers’ paste. the same place (ibid.) 113ᵇ ↗ original
אוֹשַׁעְיָא (in Yerushalmi (prefix) הוֹשַׁעְיָא which see) proper noun of a male person Oshāya, frequently surnamed רַבָּא (the elder), an Amora of the first generation, redactor of Tosefta. Yevamoth 18ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original
אוּשְׁפֵּיז (נשף, with ז format; compare אטליז) night’s lodging, inn.— plural אוּשְׁפִּיזִין. בעלי א׳innkeepers. Tosefta Maʿǎser Sheni 1, 13; Megillah 26ᵃ. [Mand. שפינזא, see Nœld. Mand. Gr. p. 51.] ↗ original
אוּשְׁפִּיזָא Git. 44ᵇ אית ליה א׳ וכ׳ he has a lodging place in Palestine, (is an occasional resident), opposite ביתא permanent home. Megillah 26ᵃ; Yoma 12ᵃ it is customary to leave empty jars and hides of slaughtered animals (ל) באושפיזֵיה in one’s inn. Zevachim 61ᵇ א׳ הוה נקט וכ׳ (Munich manuscript אוּשְׁפְּזִיכָא … נקיטא, see אושפיזכן; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) the Divine fire took up its abode now here and now there. Eruvin 53ᵇ שאיל בא׳ (Rashi משייל בעניין אושפזיכני, read ניה …, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 80) inquired after the character of an inn (of his landlord). the same place (ibid.) (enigmatic inquiry that the landlord might not overhear it) גבר פום דין חי מה טיבו Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (see Rabbinovicz the passage cited note 90) = איש־פי־ז־נא our inn—what is its character? ↗ original
אוּשְׁפִּיזְכָן (Denom. of אושפיז = אושפיזך, with locat. ך, compare דָּא, דֵּךְ) innkeeper, landlord, host. Megillah 26ᵃ; Yoma 12ᵃ; Sotah 37ᵃ; Zevachim 54ᵃ נעשה א׳ וכ׳ Benjamin became the host of the Divine Presence (the Temple being partly situated in his territory). ↗ original
אוּשְׁפִּיזְכָנָא Zevachim 18ᵇ בר אושפיזכניה (Munich manuscript only אוּשְׁפְּזִיכְנֵיה) (the son of) his host. Sanhedrin 7ᵇ bottom of the page Yoma 78ᵃ פיזכנה … Munich manuscript (edition נין …). Betzah 4ᵃ; and frequently—Eruvin 53ᵇ, see אוּשְׁפִּיזָא.—Fem. אוּשְׁפִּיזַכְתָּאhostess. Berachoth 18ᵇ edition Munich manuscript (בת אושפיזכניה). ↗ original
אוֹת 1to join, fit. Nif'al נִפְעַל נֵאוֹת, נֵיאוֹת (Biblical Hebrew) to be suited, pleased, whence to be gratified, to enjoy. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 3, 6ᶜ top ראה את עצמו נ׳ וכ׳ he dreamt he felt sexual gratification; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 7, 44ᵈ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, 64ᶜ bottom of the page—Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 1, 61ᵃ כל שנֵאותין בו בי"ט whatever you are permitted to make use of on Holy Days.—Fut. יֵאוֹת. Berachoth 8, 6 עד שיֵאוֹתוּ לאורו until being near enough to enjoy its light. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 39ᶜ top, and elsewhere, differences as to spelling יֵאוֹתוּ or יֵעוּתוּ.—Denom. הֲנָאָה, נָאֶה, נָאוֶה, נוֹי. ↗ original
אוֹת 2 common gender (Biblical Hebrew; see אוי, mark, sign, emblem; test, signal, military ensign. Ḥag. 16ᵃ (play on ואתה Deuteronomy 33, 2; compare foregoing) אות הוא וכ׳ He is the ensign among his myriad; see דּוּגְמָא. Moed Katan 25ᵇ אל תזניחנו בא׳ וכ׳ forsake us not in the symbolic trial of bitter waters (in our trials). plural אוֹתוֹת. Kilayim 9, 10 א׳ הגרדין וכ׳ the marks which the weavers etc. put on goods in their charge. Bava Kamma 119ᵇ you must not buy from the dyer לא א׳ ולא דוגמות either tests (pieces cut off to test the color) or samples (as specimens of color). letter, writing, symbol. Bava Bathra 15ᵃ אות אחת one letter. Shabbath 103ᵃ; and frequently—plural אוֹתִיּוֹת (frequently אוֹתוּת or אוֹתִית). Kiddushin 30ᵃ סופרים כל הא׳ recorded (or counted) all the letters of the Torah. Sanhedrin 10, 1 השם באוֹתִיוֹתָיו the Divine Name with the letters in which it is written (Jehovah). Kiddushin 71ᵃ שם בן ארבע א׳ the quadriliteral Name; compare שֵׁם.—Vayikra Rabbah section 26, beginning ח׳ א׳ eight letters. Shabbath 12, 3; and frequently—Transferred notes, documents. Tosefta Kiddushin 1, 7; Bava Bathra 75ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original
אוֹת 3 see אֵת) only with pronominal suffix indicating the objective case, אוֹתִיme, אוֹתְךָthee, etc.—2) with pronom., etc. with pronom. suffix of third person, for emphasizing the subject, אוֹתוֹhe himself, this one, the same, he who etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 2, beginning ישב לו א׳ וכ׳ the latter now sat there confounded etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Git. 6, 47ᵈ באותו ענין on this very subject (divorce). Shabbath 13ᵇ זכור אותו האיש וכ׳ may that man be remembered for good. Berachoth 5, 3 באוֹתָהּ שעה in that hour; and frequently—אותו מקום euphem. for pudenda. Niddah 47ᵇ. Git. 69ᵇ; and elsewhere—אותו ואת בנו the law concerning the killing of the young with its mother on the same day (Leviticus 22, 28). Chullin 5, 1; and frequently—plural אוֹתָן. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 4, 74ᵈ top א׳ שבפה those laws delivered orally. Kethuboth 4ᵃ כל א׳ הימים all those days; and frequently [In later writings אותו האיש is frequently used for Jesus of Nazareth. ↗ original
אזד־ Ithpeel prefix of verbs with prim. lit. ז as אזדווג frequently זווג etc. ↗ original
אֲזַד (= אזז √אז; compare אזל I; גז, חז, עז, חצד etc.) to be cut off; to go apart, be gone. Shabbath 34ᵇ; and frequently ואזדו לטעמייהו they differ (compare פלג), each following his own principle (or consistent with opinions elsewhere expressed). Nedarim 41ᵃ שיתא אזדו (Rashi אזלו ליה) six of them are gone (escaped his memory). Betzah 10ᵇ אזדו לעלמא disappeared (Munich manuscript אזלו; 11ᵃ אזלו). Meïl. 17ᵇ נפק אזדא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (read אזד, edition אזל) he went out and away. 5. אֲזַל. ↗ original
אַזְדָּא (foregoing) [it is] decreed (compare גְּזֵרָה). Daniel 2, 5.—Bava Metzia 116ᵇ if the landlord said, I let you this loft (as it is) א׳ it is a (divine) decree, i.e. it is the tenant’s misfortune that the loft fell in, and he has no claims. 5. Ges. H. Dictionary under the word ↗ original
אִזְדְּקָפוּתָא (Ithpeel or Ithpaal of זְקַף) rising. Targum Job. 13, 11. the same place (ibid.) 41, 17 manuscript variant reading, see מספיא. ↗ original
אַזְהָרָה (זהר) forewarning, prohibition, especially the explicit prohibition (‘thou shalt not’) in the Bible, required for punishing trespassers. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 1, 16ᵃ top א׳ ללה"ר a biblical admonition against calumny. Bamidbar Rabbah section 7 (play on zara Numbers 11, 20) והי׳ לכם לא׳ it shall be a warning to you. Yevamoth 3ᵇ א׳ שמענו וכ׳ we learn here the legal prohibition, whence do we derive the penalty? a. tr.—plural אַזְהָרוֹת. Kerith. 3, 10; and frequently enlightenment. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 3, see אִדַּר. ↗ original
אַזְהַרְתָּא as foregoing 1. Shevuoth 20ᵇ ואַזְהַרְתֵּיה מה׳ and the legal prohibition concerning it, is to be derived from this verse.—plural אַזְהָרָן. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 8, 45ᵃ תלת א׳ three prohibitory verses. ↗ original
אֵזוֹבhyssop. Nega'im 14, 6 א׳ יון (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אזביון) Greek hyssop. Shabbath 14, 3 (109ᵇ) איזוביון, איזביון (read two words, Oxford manuscript, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 4); and frequently—plural אֵיזוֹבִים Moed Katan 25ᵇ אֵיזוֹבֵי קִיר the hyssop (moss) on the wall (common humanity); see אֶרֶז. ↗ original
אֵזוֹבָא Targum Exodus 12, 22; and elsewhere ↗ original
אֵזוֹר common gender (Biblical Hebrew; girdle, belt. Moed Katan 14ᵃ אֵיזוֹרוֹ וכ׳ his girdle (around his house-gown) testifies for him (that he has no more than the shirt he is washing). Tosefta Shevuoth 5, 12 and the following; and elsewhere—plural אֵזוֹרִים, אֵיז׳. Bereshith Rabbah section 100 אֵזוֹרֵי מתניהם וכ׳ they loosened the girdles of their loins (in mourning sympathy). [Chaldaic זריז.] ↗ original
אֵזוֹרָא Sotah 1, 17ᵇ top איזורִי ואיזורֵיה דברי וכ׳ my belt, and my son’s belt and that of his father in law; Bamidbar Rabbah section 9 (p. 232ᵇ edition Amsterdam edition); Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 7, 20ᵃ bottom of the page (correct accordingly); compare Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 13. ↗ original
אֲזִי (= אַזְעִי, see אוּדְיָיתָא a. זִיעַ)to heat (make steam). Daniel 3, 19; 22.—Targum Isaiah 33, 4 וַאֲזַן (Regia אֵיזִין) and they shall heat (baths, ovens) therewith (Hebrew text מַשַּׂק = מַשַּׁק), see זִירְקְתָא; (compare Ezek. 39, 9). the same place (ibid.) 44, 15 (for baking); and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, end, 46ᶜ a bath house דאזייה וכ׳ which he had heated for seven days. Koheleth Rabbah to 2, 8; and elsewhere דהוון אָזְיִין בהון that entertained the fires in them.—Vayikra Rabbah section 28, end ועל מזגיה וקנחיה (read ואַזְּיֵיה Pa'el) and he (Haman) went and made him sweat and cleansed him (with the scraper). Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְּזִי (contracted of אתאזי) to be heated. Bereshith Rabbah section 63 קלוון אנא דיִתְּזוּן וכ׳ I command that the bath-houses be heated. the same place (ibid.) אזלון ואִתְּזוּן they went off, and the bath-houses were heated (some edition דְּיִחֲמוּן a. אַחְמוּן). ↗ original
אֲזֵינָא , plural (זין) אֲזֵינִיןweapons, בית א׳receptacle of weapons, quiver. Targum Jeremiah 5, 16. Targum Isaiah 49, 2 (edition Venice אַזְנִין). 5. Targum to Deuteronomy 23, 14 אֲזֵנֶךָ. ↗ original
אַזְכָּרָה (Biblical Hebrew; = הַזְכָּרָה, remembrance, mention (of Div. Name), recitation (of prayer); reference. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 5, 9ᵇ א׳ שהיא מריוח the reference to rain (in the second section of the eighteen benedictions) which is an expression of satisfaction (plenty), opposite שאלה, the prayer for rain (in the ninth benediction) which is an expression of anxiety.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 3, 74ᵇ top שתהא אַזְכָּרָתָן קודם וכ׳ that the recitation (of the events commemorated on Purim) precede the celebration thereof. (see אַדְכָּרָה) the Divine Name, Tetragrammaton. Bamidbar Rabbah section 2, beginning the students מראים את הא׳ וכ׳ point out the Div. Name with their fingers; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 4 מדלג על הא׳ skips the Div. Name in recitation of lessons.—plural אַזְכָּרוֹת. Yoma 8ᵃ שיש בהן א׳ הרבה in which the Div. N. frequently occurs. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 3, 6ᶜ.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 16, 15ᶜ bottom of the page; Babylonian ibid. 116ᵃ קודר אזכרותֵיהֶן you must cut out the Div. N. occurring in them (the heretic writings). Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, 65ᶜ top י"ח א׳ וכ׳ eighteen times that the Tetragrammaton appears in the Psalm Habu (29). Bamidbar Rabbah section 2, beginning; and frequently ↗ original
אֲזַל 1to be gone, to leave; to go. Targum Genesis 32, 1. Imper. אִיזֵּיל, אִזֵּיל. Targum Onkelos Numbers 22, 20; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 28ᵇ איזיל חמי וכ׳ go, show thy face etc. the same place (ibid.) לינה מֵיזַל … דנא מיזל וכ׳ I will not go … for if I did go etc. Shabbath 116ᵃ א׳ כתב א׳ וכ׳ after the writing is gone, the sacredness of the scroll is gone (after the scroll has become unfit for sacred use, the material has lost its sacred character). Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 3, 23ᵇ bottom of the page הא אזילא מיבלא וכ׳ that man’s load would soon be gone (if each were permitted to take a chip). Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 8, 12ᵃ הא אזילא ההיא דרב וכ׳ is the decision of Rab and Samuel gone (to be disregarded)? Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 28ᵃ bottom of the page הא א׳ הדא וכ׳ (edition Krot. חדא) is that which was received from (is the tradition of) … to be disregarded? Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 8, 9ᶜ bottom of the page הא אזילא היא וכ׳ (edition Krot. איזלא, correct accordingly; for היא read הדא or ההיא).—Transferred to depart life, die. Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 77ᵈ bottom of the page this one committed a sin וא׳ בה and died in it, and the other etc. Moed Katan 28ᵇ ווי לאזלא woe, for the departed one! Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, 35ᵃ top אזילto die, contradistinguished to אתי to resurrect.—Imperat. usually זִיל = אזיל.—Chullin 11ᵇ ז׳ בתר רובא follow the majority of cases; and frequently ↗ original
אֲזַל 2 (= עזל; see Ezek. 27, 19; √זל) to spin, weave. Bava Metzia 24ᵇ קיבורא דאזלי ביה אזלויי a skein which the net-weavers had used; see זוּל 2. Denom. אִיזְלָא a. next word↗ original
אַזְלוֹיָא (foregoing) weaver. plural אַזְלוֹיֵי. Bava Metzia 24ᵇ (some edition אזלוי correct accordingly), see foregoing↗ original
אִזְמַרְגַּד (σμάραγδος, σμαράγδιον) emerald, a jewel (also colored crystal; see זמרגד a. זמרגדין). Targum Job. 42, 13. Targum Onkelos Exodus 28, 18 (Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) the same place (ibid.) אִזְמוֹרַד); and elsewhere Shemoth Rabbah section 38, end אִסְמַרַגְדִּין. ↗ original
אֹזֶןto be pointed, cut, compare חז, גז. see אוּדְנָא) ear. Bava Kamma 79ᵇ א׳ של מַטָּה human ear, opposite Divine perception. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, 3ᵇ top; and frequently handle. Shir HaShirim Rabbah beginning ולא הי׳ לה א׳ וכ׳ but had no handle and could not be carried; and frequently—Du. אָזְנַיִם 1) ears. Vayikra Rabbah section 32, beginning א׳ לדרך the road has ears (be on your guard in speaking); and frequently—2) handles. Kelim 4, 3, see גיסטרא; and frequently אָזְנַיִם or בנות א׳swollen glands of the throat (Rashi). Avodah Zarah 28ᵇ א׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 40ᵈ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 14, 14ᵈ top בנות א׳. ↗ original
אָזַרto put around, girdle; to strengthen. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְאַזָּרto gird, strengthen one’s self. Berachoth 16ᵇ ותִתְאַזָּר וכ׳ and gird thyself with thy mercy. ↗ original
אֶזְרָח [planted], native, citizen. Sukkah 28ᵃ א׳ זה א׳ if it read ezraḥ (Leviticus 23, 42), it would mean every native (man or woman); and frequently—plural אֶזְרָחִים. Sifra Emor, end.—Fem. אֶזְרָחִית, plural אֶזְרָחִיּות. Sukkah the passage cited ↗ original
אֶזְרְעָאarm. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2. Numbers 31, 50; see זְרוֹעַ. ↗ original
אָח 1brother, kinsman; fellow, equal, fellow-believer etc. Megillah 11ᵃ (play on ăhashverosh, Ahasverus) אָׄחִׄיו שׄל רׄאשׄ וכ׳ a brother (in cruelty) to the chief tyrant (Nebucadn.); and frequently—plural אַחִים, אַחִין. Bereshith Rabbah section 89, beginning (play on āḥu, Genesis 41, 2) in years of plenty הבריות נעשו א׳ וכ׳ people are brotherly to each other. Bereshith Rabbah section 99 אחים דפחתא וכ׳ brothers to the degraded woman (Dinah), … but not to Joseph; and frequently—Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 8, 1 שני אחים brother and sister↗ original
אַח Targum frequently—plural אָחִין. Targum Genesis 13, 8; and elsewhere—אַחֵי Yevamoth 65ᵇ.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 6, 43ᵈ אֲחֵינָן our brothers↗ original
אָח 2 interjection interjection (Biblical Hebrew) exclamation of sorrow, Oh! Megillah 11ᵃ (play on ăhashverosh; see אָח I) א׳ לראשו woe upon his head. Sanhedrin 102ᵇ (play on Ahabאח־אב) א׳ לשמי׳ a subject of grief to the Lord, and father (friend) of idolatry.—2 (= Syriac (Peshitta)) exclamation of joy, Ah! Targum Isaiah 44, 16 (Hebrew הֶאָח). ↗ original
אַחָאbrother; see אַח. proper noun of a male person Aḥa. Arachin 22ᵇ; Kethuboth 88ᵃ, surnamed שר הבירה superintendent of the palace. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᵃ R. A. surnamed Roba; a. many others. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, 65ᵃ bottom of the page; and very frequently ↗ original
אַחֲבָא (contracted of אחי אבא) father’s brother, uncle. Targum Jeremiah 32, 7 אַחֲבוּךְ thy uncle. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 10, 4 (manuscript I a. 3 אח אבוהי; Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) חביבא which see); and elsewhere Yevamoth 21ᵇ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word בי אחבא (edition בי דודי). ↗ original
אֶחָד , אַחַת feminine (Biblical Hebrew; see next word, one. [Freq. represented by א׳.] Kiddushin 50ᵇ, and frequently בבת אחתsimultaneously, see בַּת 3. Peah 3, 3 המחליק מאחת יד וכ׳ (Munich manuscript בא׳) he who takes out onions with a unity of hand, i.e. all of them for one purpose. Berachoth 61ᵇ, and frequently על אחת כמה וכמה (abbr. עאכ"ו) how much against one, i.e. how much the more.—אחד … אחד both … as well as. Temurah 1, 1 א׳ האנשים וכ׳ both, men as well as women. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 5, 29ᵈ top אחת זו ואחתֹ זו the one as well as the other; and frequently—כְּאֶחָד, כְּאַחַתat the same time. Tosefta Nega'im 1, 11; and the following Sotah 8ᵃ; and frequently—Yoma 1, 7 והפג אחת and cool thyself for once, for a change, see חֲדַת.—plural אֲחָדִיםsingular, unique. Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 62 (referring to דברים אחדים Genesis 11, 1) they spoke words על שני א׳ against two only ones (referring to אחד Ezek. 33, 24 a. Deuteronomy 6, 4) [correct accordingly Bereshith Rabbah section 38]. (compare אֲחַד) closed up, mysterious. Bereshith Rabbah the passage cited (Yalkut Shimoni the passage cited אֲחוּדִים see next word). ↗ original
אָחַד (sec. root or radix of חוּד, see חוּד I) to join, close. participle pass. אָחוּד, plural אֲחוּדִיםclosed up, mysterious. Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 62, see foregoingjoined, united. Bereshith Rabbah section 38 (referring to Genesis 11, 1, see foregoing) דברים א׳ common goods, communism. ↗ original
אֲחַד , Pa. אָחֵיד, אַחֵד Chaldaic (Aramaic) (see foregoing) (corresp. to Hebrew סגר a. תפש; compare Hebrew אחז) to close (the door), to lock up; to seize, capture. Targum Isaiah 22, 22 אָחֵיד. the same place (ibid.) יֵיחוֹד, יִיחוֹד (fut.).—Targum Deuteronomy 21, 19 יְאַ׳ = יַחֲדוּן (Pa'el; variant reading יֶחֱדוּן = יֶאֶח׳ Pe.). Targum Amos 3, 5; and frequently—Sanhedrin 26ᵃ bottom of the page, and elsewhere אחדיה לדשא locked the door. Pesachim 111ᵇ ליה רוחא אחדא a spirit (demon, disease) seizes him.—participle pass. אֲחִיד a) locked up. Targum Joshua 6, 1; and elsewhere—b) (see אָחוּז, under the word אָחַז) holding. Targum Amos 2, 15; and frequently—participle passive Pa. מְאַחַדlocked up, hidden. Targum Job. 26, 9. to devote, see אֲחִיד. Af'el הִפְעִיל אוֹחַדto seize. Targum Psalms 73, 23. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְאָחַד, אִתָּחַד,Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְאֲחִידto be seized. Targum Ezekiel 19, 4; and frequently to be locked up, joined. Targum Isaiah 24, 10 את אחידו … (read אתאחידו). the same place (ibid.) 59, 10 Rashi (edition אתא חד correct accordingly). Targum Job 41, 9 (8); and elsewhere—אִתְּחִיד. Chullin 52ᵇ א׳ דשא the door was locked. ↗ original
אַחֲדָא (see foregoing) bolt. Targum Proverbs 18, 19 (read … היך א׳ ד). shutting up. אֵחֲדַת רחמי shutting up of the womb, barrenness. Ibid. 30, 16. ↗ original
אֲחַדְבֹּוי (contracted of אח־דאבא; see אחבא) proper noun of a male person Aḥadboy, an Amora. Chullin 113ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original
אַחֲוָהbrotherhood, brotherly love, friendship. Sanhedrin 58ᵇ בא׳ among brothers and sisters. Bereshith Rabbah section 89 (play on aḥu, Genesis 41, in days of plenty there is אהבה וא׳ love and friendship.—Vayikra Rabbah section 2; and frequently—Transferred בא׳jointly. Shabbath 20ᵃ (explain. אָח Jeremiah 36, 23) עצים שנדלקין בא׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), manuscript Oxf. (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note, edition באחוונא cler. error) wood kindled all together [perh. with reeds? see next word].—2) (law) status of consanguinity. Bava Kamma 88ᵃ a slave שאין לו א׳ who has no legal status of consanguinity. ↗ original
אַחְוָונָא (see אַחְוָא) meadow-grass, grass (as fodder). Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 6, 10ᵃ, bottom of the page willow-twigs used for kindling, kindling wood. Shabbath 20ᵃ (explain. אָח Jeremiah 36, 23; see אַחֲוָה 1, end) אַחְוָונָא (variant reading אַחְוָנָא) willow-fire. the same place (ibid.) one cried מאן בעי א׳ וכ׳ who wants Aḥvana?, and it was found he had willow twigs for sale. willow-bast. the same place (ibid.) 20ᵇ explaining אִידָּן; Munich manuscript (edition אחוינא, אחווינא). ↗ original
אֲחוּזָהpossession, inheritance. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin I 60ᶜ top; and elsewhere Yerushalmi (prefix) Challah 4, 60ᵇ. [the same place (ibid.) אחיזה עצמה וכ׳ strike out the entire sentence.]. Chullin 75ᵃ אחוזת עינים, see אֲחִיזָה. ↗ original
אֲחוּזְתָּא Targum Psalms 2, 8 manuscript (edition אחודתא). ↗ original
אַחֲוָיָה (חוי) telling, interpretation. Daniel 5, 12. ↗ original
אַחֲוֵיתָא (see foregoing) instruction. Targum Psalms 49, 5; and frequently ↗ original
אַחְוָנַיָּיא (Syriac (Peshitta) חחוניתא, see חוֹחָא, a. Löw Aram. Low, Aramaische Pflanzennamen, Leipzig 1881 p. 149) plums. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 6, 10ᵇ bottom of the page (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 39ᵃ דורמסקין). ↗ original
אַחְוָנַיְתָא (see foregoing) a dish of plums. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 6, 10ᶜ top of the page ↗ original
אָחוֹר see חור a. back, hind-part, buttock. Bechoroth 8ᵃ; Bereshith Rabbah section 20, beginning—Dual אֲחוֹרַיִים (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אחורים). Pesachim 17ᵇ, and frequently א׳ ותוך the back (outside) and the inside of a vessel.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 5, 42ᶜ top אֲחוֹרָיו לקדש his back turned to the sanctuary.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 6, 33ᵃ bottom of the page, and frequently מֵאֲחוֹרֵי (prepos.) behind.—אֲחוֹרֵי, לַאֲחוֹרֵי same. Berachoth 61ᵃ; and frequently last. the same place (ibid.) (referring to Psalms 139, 5) א׳ למעשה וכ׳ the last of all things created; Vayikra Rabbah section 14 א׳ לכל המעשים. farthest back, earliest. the same place (ibid.) א׳ זה יום ראשוןaḥor (Psalms the passage cited) means the first day. ↗ original
אֲחוֹרָא לאחורא backward. Targum Genesis 49, 17; and frequently—plural אֲחוֹרִין, const. אֲחוֹרֵי. Targum Psalms 78, 66 (buttocks).—אֲחוֹרֵי behind, after. Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 2, 58ᵇ top מן אחוֹרוֹיי behind him; and frequently 5. חוֹרֵי. [Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 19, 26, see חָרוֹרָא.] ↗ original
אֲחוֹרִי (= Hebrew אֲחֶרֶת) another, something else. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 4, 35ᵈ top איתא או׳ another woman (wife). Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᵃ bottom of the page שיטה או׳ another method, Vayikra Rabbah section 14, beginning אמר או׳ said differently. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 2, 74ᵃ top אחו׳ another (scroll). Bereshith Rabbah section 76 אחו׳ another (word, in reply). [Targum אוֹחֲרִי. Targum Genesis 26, 21; and frequently]—[Daniel 2, 39; 7, 5; 6; אָחֳרִי.] 5. חוֹרִי. ↗ original
אָחוֹת , see אָח I) sister. Yevamoth 1, 1; and frequently—Chullin 114ᵃ (of animals).—plural אַחֲיוֹת. Yevamoth 3, 1; and elsewhere ↗ original
אָחַזto press, seize, hold, keep; to befall. Sanhedrin 27ᵇ אוֹחֲזִין מעשה וכ׳ holding in their hands the doing of their fathers, i.e. following their father’s example. Bechoroth 33ᵇ אֲחָזוֹ דם he had an attack of congestion. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 1, 28ᵇ אֲחוּזַת הדם the animal attacked with congestion. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 14, 14ᶜ bottom of the page אֲחָזַתֹּו עין a pain in the eye seized him. the same place (ibid.) 19, end, 17ᵇ אחזתו חמה fever overtook him; and frequently—אָחַז בְּ־ to have a hold of.—Bava Metzia 1, 1. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 2, 39ᶜ top; and frequently—participle passive אָחוּזholding fast, having a firm hold. Shemoth Rabbah section 46 (see אֲחַד). א׳ את העינים to capture the eyesight, to delude by optical deception. Sanhedrin 65ᵇ; and elsewhere Nif'al נִפְעַל נֶאֱחַזto be seized. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, 65ᵈ top; and elsewhere *Nif'al הֶאֱחִיזto distribute split wood (kindling chips) in the gaps of a large pile, to ignite with kindling wood. Shabbath 1, 11 (19ᵇ and the following) ומַאֲחִיזִין edition (manuscripts, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) beginning 4ᶜ ומחזין, edition Venice ומחיזין); see חָזָה. ↗ original
אחי (√חו, compare חבב) to unite. participle passive אָחוּיunited. Bamidbar Rabbah section 13, beginning שיהיו אֲחוּיִים אצלו they shall be united with him (around his table). Pi'el פִּעֵל אִיחָהto join; to sew together (with fine stitches); compare חוּט; חוּד I. Bereshith Rabbah section 39 beginning אברהם שאֹ׳ את וכ׳ Abraham who united all mankind into a brotherhood (by the belief in one God), כזה שהוא מְאָחֶה וכ׳ like one who sews etc., see below. Shemoth Rabbah section 40, end.—Esp. to mend, by stitching, the rent of the garment torn in mourning. Moed Katan 22ᵇ; and frequently the same place (ibid.) 26ᵃ לאַחוֹתָן to stitch them together. Hithpa'el a. Nithpa'el הִתְאָחֶה, נִתְאָחֶהto be joined; to be stitched together. Bamidbar Rabbah section 13, beginning (play on אחותי Song of Songs 5, 1) נִתְאָחוּ לי וכ׳ they were joined to me (I joined them) in the captivity. Bereshith Rabbah section 68 מִתְאָחוֹת, see אֶבֶן. Moed Katan 26ᵃ אין מתאחין must not be stitched together. to be joined by grafting, to grow together. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 1, 27ᵃ top הן נתא׳ וכ׳ they (the two seeds) combine. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 2, end, 34ᵃ bottom of the page Yerushalmi (prefix) Orlah 1, 61ᵃ bottom of the page ↗ original
אחי ²Pa. אַחֵי as foregoingPi. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 3, 7 לאחאה to sew together. ↗ original
אֲחִיד participle passive of participle passive of אֲחַד which see (= Hebrew מְיוּחָד, see יחד) singled out, devoted, betrothed. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 19, 20. Targum Psalms 114, 2. Targum Song of Songs 6, 9. ↗ original
אֲחִידָה 1 (אחד) taking possession, capture. Megillah 6ᵃ היו קורין אותו אֲחִידַת מגדל צור manuscript (edition שיר, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) שד) they recorded the act (of taking the place afterwards called Cæsarea) as the capture of Migdal Tsor. ↗ original
אֲחִידָה 2enigma.— plural אֲחִידָן Daniel 5, 12. ↗ original
אֲחִיָּה (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Aḥiyah, several men of various periods., several men of various periods. Shekalim 5, 1 א׳ על הנסכים A. superintendent of the Temple libations (wines, oils). Berachoth 63ᵇ A., a Babylonian scholar opposing Palestine authorities. רבי אחייה R. A., a Tannai. Moed Katan 20ᵃ; and elsewhere Ibid. 20ᵇ ר׳ חייא לחוד וכ׳ R. Ḥiya (although a Chaldaic (Aramaic) abbreviation of Aḥiyah) and R. A. are two different persons. ↗ original
אֲחִילוּ (חִיל) chills and fever, trembling. Git. 70ᵃ (explained, as ‘fire of the bones’). Berachoth 32ᵃ (play on ויחל Exodus 32, 11). [the same place (ibid.) 12ᵇ אחילו Af'el of חוּל 2.] ↗ original
אַחִיםK’far Aḥim. Menachoth 85ᵃ. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 9, 2 אחום. ↗ original
אֲחִינִית , plural אֲחִינִיֹּות (probably to be read אַחְוָנִיֹּות, see אַחְוָנַיָּיא) plums. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 2, 22ᵈ top of the page ↗ original
אַחְמַר (חמר) ruby, name of a jewel in the High-priest’s breast-plate. Targum Song of Songs 5, 14; see סַמְקָן. ↗ original
אַחְמְתָאAḥm’tha, Ecbatana, capital of Media. Ezra 6, 2, see הַמְדָּן; see Schrader K. A. T. p. 378. ↗ original
אח"ס , אח"ס בט"ע, a formula representing a permutation of letters wherein the first (א) interchanges with the eighth (ח) and with the fifteenth (ס); the second (ב) with the ninth (ט) and with the sixteenth (ע), etc. Shabbath 104ᵃ אח"ס בט"ע גי"ף = אׄני חׄסׄ עליהם מפני שבׄעׄטׄו בגׄיׄףׄ I shall spare them because they resisted sensual temptations; see גִּיף ↗ original
אַחְסָנָא (חסן) property, inheritance. Targum Leviticus 14, 34; and elsewhere—Bava Bathra 133ᵇ עבורי א׳ who unlawfully pass an inheritance from one hand to another. ↗ original
אָחַרto be behind, see Pi. (euphem.) to cover (of camels). Bava Bathra 93ᵃ; Shevuoth 34ᵃ; Sanhedrin 37ᵇ (Munich manuscript Bava Bathra the passage cited יהיר). Tosefta Bava Kamma 3, 6 אוֹחֵיר. Pi'el פִּעֵל אֵחַר, אֵיחַרto tarry, hesitate; to set behind. Pesachim 9, 9 אם אֵחַרְתִּי if I should be late. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 3, 40ᶜ top א׳ בו מעשה the text orders a later action after it. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 10, 42ᵃ; 42ᵇ א׳ בעמידה he tarried in standing, i.e. was the last to sit down. Bereshith Rabbah section 81, beginning א׳ אדם את נדרו if one procrastinates the fulfillment of his vow; and frequently Pu. פֻּעַל אוּחָר, הוּאֲחָרto be postponed, be done late, be placed later. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 3, 40ᶜ top בכלל מְאוּחָר היה would belong to things to be done later. the same place (ibid.) יוּאֲחַר וכ׳ let it be done later than etc.—אין מוקדם ומאוחר בתורה there is no ‘earlier’ or ‘later’ (no chronological order) in the events or laws of the Scripture. Pesachim 6ᵇ; and elsewhere; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 8, 22ᵈ מוּאֲחַר.—Shevi'ith 10, 5, and frequently מאוחר (a document) postdated, opposite מוקדם antedated. Bava Metzia 5, 10 רבית מְאוּחֶרֶת postpaid interests. ↗ original
אֲחַרto be behind. *to cover. Targum Jeremiah 5, 8 (of steeds, Hebrew text מוזנים; some edition ד for. ר). Pa'el פִּעֵל אחרוה take ye a later meal (on Sabbaths). Af'el הִפְעִיל אוֹחַרsame. Targum 2 Samuel 20, 5; and frequently—[Targum Proverbs 23, 30 מַוְחֲרִין, מְוַוחֲרִין participle Af'el or Pa'el of יחר = מוֹחר׳, מאחר׳.] *Ithpeel אִתְאֲחַר , contracted אִתְחַר to be delayed. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 1, 2; compare however the same place (ibid.) see 6, see אֲרַח. ↗ original
אַחַר see foregoing), plural construct state אַחֲרֵיafter, behind. Bereshith Rabbah section 44 wherever the Bible uses the preposition aḥaréסמוך, it means in connection with, אחר מופלג while aḥar means without connection (later on). Yoma 6ᵃ אחר א׳ after ‘after’, i.e. some time after the act, opposite חד אחר one ‘after’, immediately, see אֶוְתִּיוֹס.—לְאַחֲרָיו, לְאַחֲרֶיהָ, מֵאַחֲרָיו, מֵאַחֲרֶיהָ after it, as concluding, opposite לפניה, לפניו introductory (prayer).—Berachoth 1, 4 אחת לא׳ one benediction after the Sh’ma. the same place (ibid.) 3, 4 לאחריו (prayer) after meal; and frequently—כִּלְאַחַר יד as if doing a thing with the back of the hand, i.e. in a manner different from the usual way of doing it. Shabbath 153ᵇ; and frequently—מֵאַחַר (conj. followed by ש־ or ד־) after, since, whereas, because. Chullin 29ᵃ מא׳ ששנינו after it has once been stated in the Mishnah … why was it necessary (?) etc. the same place (ibid.)ᵇ ומאחר דאפי׳ וכ׳ and since it is not even rabbinically unfit, why etc.; and frequently a legal term, meaḥar, the presumption of the truth of one’s statement, because he might have pleaded more profitably, if he had been inclined to lie. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 6, 36ᵈ bottom of the page אין אומרים בממון מא׳ מאחר וכ׳ in money matters we do not apply the principle of meaḥer, so as to say that because he might have said ‘thou hast not lent me anything’, he may say, ‘thou didst lend me, but I paid half of it’ (and his plea must be accepted without an oath); see מִיגּוֹ under the word גּוֹ.—אַחֲרֶיךָ thy successor. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᶜ top יהודה בני א׳ וכ׳ my son Judah shall succeed thee, none else (is worthy). Kethuboth 95ᵇ my property I bequeath to thee ואַחֲרַיִיךְ לפ׳ and after thee it shall go over to …—אַחַר כָּךְ (abbreviated or abbreviation אח"כ) afterwards, subsequently. Pesachim 10, 2; and very frequently ↗ original
אַחֵר see foregoing a. [back of,] another, the other, stranger. דבר א׳ (abbr. ד"א) another thing, another explanation. Sanhedrin 4, 5; and very frequently in Midrash euphem. for idolatry, swine etc., see דָּבָר. Aḥer, [apostate,] byname of Elisha ben Abuyah. Chagigah 14ᵇ; and elsewhere—plural אֲחֵרִיםothers; 1) frequently in Mishn. for anonymous authorities differing in opinion, א׳ אומרים, see Horayoth 13ᵇ אסיקו לר׳ מאיר א׳ R. Meïr is quoted under the word aḥerim.—2) frequently for strangers, gentiles. Sanhedrin 52ᵇ אשת א׳ the wife of a non-Israelite. Bava Metzia 111ᵇ; and frequently—Fem. אֲחֶרֶת. Yoma 1, 1 אשה א׳ a second (additional) wife; and frequently—Sanhedrin 104ᵃ זאת ועוד א׳ this and something besides (shall happen). ↗ original
אַחֲרָאִי (foregoing words) properly designated to step behind, substitute; hence, he who (or that which) is gone back to, obligated, pledged; surety, guarantor.— plural אַחֲרָאִים, אַחֲרָיִין. Demai 3, 5 אין אנו א׳ וכ׳ we are not responsible for deceivers. Pesachim 9, 9 אינן אחראין זה לזה they are not responsible to one another (need not care for each other). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 8, end, 32ᵇ, and frequently כל נכסיו א׳ all his landed property is pledged for etc. ↗ original
אַחֲרוֹן , אַחֲרוֹנָה feminine (אַחֲרוֹנִית feminine noun) other, next, last. Megillah 21ᵇ; and frequently א׳ the last of those called up to read from the Torah.—plural אַחֲרוֹנִים masculine, אַחֲרוֹנוֹת feminine—מים א׳ the washing of hands after meals before grace, opposite מים ראשונים washihg before meals. Berachoth 53ᵇ; and frequently—דורות א׳ or only אחרונים the latter (present) generation, opposite ראשונים ancients. Yoma 9ᵇ; and frequently—Berachoth 13ᵃ צרות א׳ וכ׳ the latter (present) troubles bring the former into oblivion.—(ברכות) א׳ the three last sections in the Prayer of Benedictions. Ibid. 34ᵃ; and frequently—Eruvin 53ᵇ אַחְרוֹנִית second wife; see אַהֲרוֹנִית.—בָּאַחֲרוֹנָה (adverb) last. Bava Kamma 8ᵃ; and elsewhere ↗ original
אַחֲרָיוּת (see אַחֲרָאִי) surety, especially mortgaged property, or property which may be resorted to in case of non-payment (even if sold).—נכסים שיש להן א׳ property from which debts may eventually be collected (landed property), נ׳ שאין להם א׳ property which cannot be resorted to (movable property). Kiddushin 1, 5; and frequently—Bava Metzia 3, 11 חייב באחריותן is responsible for them (if lost). Menachoth 109ᵃ; and frequently—א׳ נכסים an obligation for which property is pledged. Kethuboth 34ᵇ; and frequently—the same place (ibid.) 51ᵇ, and elsewhere documents שאין בהן א׳ נ׳ in which the clause pledging property is omitted. the same place (ibid.) 51ᵃ; and elsewhere א׳ טעות סופר הוא the omission of the clause pledging property is considered as the scribe’s mistake (hence has no legal consequences). Bava Metzia 14ᵃ, and elsewhere ראובן שמכר … בא׳ if R. sold to S. a field with surety (guaranteeing the title). ↗ original
אַחֲרָיוּתָא (= Hebrew אַחֲרִית) future. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 32, 29; and elsewhere ↗ original
אַחֲרָיָיאanother, the other, later, last. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 1, end, 28ᵇ ר׳ יושוע א׳ the other (last named) R. Joshua—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᵇ top פירקא א׳ last chapter.—plural אחְרָיִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, 45ᵈ bottom of the page א׳ ומיתון those (drinking) later, drank and died.—אַחְרַיָּיא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 3, 74ᵇ bottom of the page תומנתי פסוקייא א׳ the last eight verses.—Fem. אַחֲרַיְתָא, אַחֲרַיְיתָא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, beginning 63ᶜ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 3, 34ᵈ בא׳ in the last one.—Targum Proverbs 5, 20 אחריתא stranger.—the same place (ibid.) 25, 8, and frequently בא׳at last, in the end.— plural אַחֲרָיָיתָא. the same place (ibid.) 24, 14 manuscript (edition singular). ↗ original
אַחֲרִינָאanother. Chullin 12ᵃ אינש א׳ another man. Betzah 28ᵃ מידי א׳ something different.—לישנא א׳ (abbr. ל"א) another version. Pesachim 97ᵇ, and frequently—plural אַחְרִינֵי. Yevamoth 45ᵃ; and frequently Cmp. אָחֳרָן. ↗ original
אַחֲרִית (Biblical Hebrew) future, end. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 3, 74ᵃ bottom of the page ↗ original
אַחֲרִיתִּיanother, something besides. Eruvin 23ᵃ מילתא א׳ another subject. Pesachim 50ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original
אָחֳרָן Targum Exodus 20, 3; and frequently—Fem. אוֹחֲרַנְתָּא, אוֹחֲרָנִית, אָחֳרָנִיתָא. Targum Onkelos the same place (ibid.) 21, 10 (another, additional wife). Ibid. Genesis 17, 21.—Echah Rabbah to 4, 2.—Bava Bathra 16ᵃ אחרניתא a stranger (not his own wife).—plural אוּחֲרנְיָן, אוּחֲרַנְיָין. Targum Onkelos Genesis 41, 3; and elsewhere אָחֲרַנְיָיאתָא. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 12.—[Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 35, 8 אוֹחֲרַן בכיותא a repetition of weeping, see אִלֹּון 2.] ↗ original
אֲחָת Targum Jeremiah 22, 18; and frequently—Pesachim 4ᵃ; and frequently—plural אַחֲוָותָא. Targum Job. 1, 4 (edition אַחְיָ׳); and elsewhere—Yevamoth 32ᵇ. Shabbath 13ᵃ. Yevamoth 66ᵃ top (twin sisters). ↗ original
א"טAtbaḥ, a formula of combination or interchange of two letters the numerical sum of which is either ten (e.g. א"ט = 1 + 9; ב"ח = 2 + 8) or one hundred (e.g. י"צ = 10 + 90; כ"פ = 20 + 80 = 100), whereby ה and נ, remain isolated or substitute each other. Shemoth Rabbah section 15 (allusion to הׄןׄ Numbers 23, 9).—Sukkah 52ᵇ באטב"ח (של ר׳ חייא) קורין כ׳ לסׄהׄדׄהׄ מׄנׄוׄןׄ in the Atbaḥ (of R. Ḥiya) sahadah finds a substitute in manon (see Proverbs 29, 21). ↗ original
אִטָּא (אטט, compare חטט = Biblical Hebrew אֵת, plural אִתִּים), plural אִטִּיןplough-shares. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᵇ bottom of the page (explained לאִתִּים (Isaiah 2, 4) לאִ׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) by cler. err. אבויין). ↗ original
אַטְבָּא (טבע, see טַבַּעַת) ring, hook, clasp. Menachoth 32ᵃ א׳ דסיפרי clasp for fastening the leaves of books while reading.—plural (אַטְבְּעֵי) אַטְבֵּי. Shabbath 98ᵃ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אטבי (edition באטבעי אטבעי, some edition בא׳ בטבעי, correct accordingly, Munich manuscript only בטבעי, margin אטבי; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)). Bamidbar Rabbah section 6 (in Hebr. diction) א׳ של ברזל iron clasps (to fasten the boards on the wagon). ↗ original
אָטָד , see אִטָּא) thorn. Bereshith Rabbah section 100. Sotah 13ᵃ.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 6, end 40ᵃ מדבר הא׳ the desert of Atad.— plural אֲטָדִין. Shevi'ith 7, 5; and elsewhere [5. Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Carduus.] ↗ original
אָטוּ (abbreviated or abbreviation of אמטול, see אַמְטוּ) on account of, because of, for the sake of(Hebrew . קנסו שוגג א׳ מזיד they fined the inadvertent transgressor for the sake of the wilful one (in order to prevent wilful sin). Git. 53ᵇ; and frequently (in questions expressing surprise, indignation) is it because? do you mean to say? the same place (ibid.) 7ᵃ א׳ אנא לא ידענא do I not know it myself? the same place (ibid.) 30ᵇ א׳ ברשיעי עסקינן is it with wicked men we have to deal? (i.e. shall we presume deliberate sin?); and very frequently ↗ original
אֵטוּנָא (compare Biblical Hebrew אֵטוּן; probably frequently טוהto spin; for other etym. see Ges. H. Dictionary under the word אטן) rope, chord. Targum Joshua 2, 15. Targum Job. 30, 11 (edition give all var. combined, see שׁוֹשַׁלְתָּא).—Rosh Hashanah 23ᵃ א׳ דכיתנא (some edition אטוני plural) flaxrope.—plural אֵטוּנִין, (אַטּ׳) אֵטוּנַיָּא. Targum I Kings 20, 31; and frequently [Tosefta Maasroth 3, 8 אטונין edition, edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) עטינין, variant reading אטינין which see] ↗ original
אֲטוּנָס (compare θύννος; see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word) tunny-fish. Chullin 66ᵇ; Avodah Zarah 39ᵃ Munich manuscript (edition אוט׳). Tosefta Chullin 3 (4), 27 אַנְתִּינִיס edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading אַנְתִּינוֹס). the same place (ibid.) Kelim Bava Metzia 2, 17 ליטול בטינס; (read as) Chullin 25ᵃ להטיהו בטו׳ to polish a vessel with the skin of a tunny. *Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 7 כמה מיני אנונס וכ׳ (read אטו׳; Shemoth Rabbah section 2 מזונות) how many kinds of tunny fish hast thou prepared for the lying-in among them? 5. אכספטיאס. ↗ original
אֱטִימוֹס (ἕτοιμος) present, ready. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 11, 26; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 48 it does not read עומד (standing) but נצב (placed on his post), i.e. אט׳ ready (to proceed). Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 9 אי׳. Bereshith Rabbah section 100. ↗ original
אֲטִימִיטוֹן (neut., or accus. of ἀτίμητος (something) invaluable, priceless. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 1, 15ᵈ bottom of the page חד מרגלי טבא א׳ (read חדא) a pearl worth a priceless treasure. Bereshith Rabbah section 35 end מרגלית אטימטון. *Ruth Rabbah next to 1, 18 מילא דאיסטופיטא read מרגליתא אטימיטא an invaluable pearl. ↗ original
אַטְלֵיז (טלל, with format. ז or ס; compare אוּשְׁפֵּיז; see טָלַל 2, טְלַל 1, 2) a number of booths put up for a mercantile fair, or for popular entertainments; whence (compare חָנוּת) shops, bazaar (see especially Bereshith Rabbah section 79, quoted bel.). Chullin 91ᵇ א׳ של אמאוס the fair of Emmaus. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Asser p. 98ᵇ. Arachin 6, 5 (24ᵃ) אם ממתינין אותה לאיטלס if they delay the sale for the market day; and frequently—plural אַטְלֵסִין etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 79 (referring to ויחן ‘and he encamped’ = made a חנות Genesis 33, 18) Jacob was the first מעמיד א׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition also הטלסין, see הֶטְלֵיס) to put up stores and sell cheap; [Koheleth Rabbah to 10, 8; Est. R. to 1, 9, singular, some edition אִיתְּלִיס, אַתְּלִיס (!)]. Cmp. עַטְלֵיז, אִסְטֵל [Tosefta Chullin 1, 7 באטלס read באַטְלֵק by throwing; compare Chullin 12ᵇ זרק סכין וכ׳.] 5. אִיטְלִיסִית. ↗ original
אִטְלָקוּתא (טלק) being thrown. Targum Job. 3, 4 באִטְלָקוּתֵיה (variant reading אִיטַלָּ׳) on his being thrown. ↗ original
אָטַםto obstruct, close, fill up. participle passive אָטוּם, feminine אֲטוּמָהfilled up, solid. Zevachim 61ᵇ א׳ באדמה filled up with earth, opposite חָלוּל. Chullin 47ᵇ א׳ בריאה see אוֹטֶם. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 2, 13ᶜ top כותל א׳ a solid wall. (compare טוּמְטוּם) stumped, shapeless. Niddah 24ᵃ גוף א׳ the stump of a human body (of the embryo). the same place (ibid.) אתּ שגולגלתו א׳ an embryo whose scull is a shapeless lump (no scull discernible). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 50ᵈ top of the page—Transferred Sanhedrin 44ᵇ אוֹטֵם עונות he locks up the sins (makes them invisible, compare טָמַן); see אִיטְמוֹן. ↗ original
אַטְמָא (see foregoing) something solid, whence the solid part, flank. Targum 2, Esther 1, 2.—Bava Metzia 23ᵇ אי דדפנא אי דא׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition או דדפקא או דא׳, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 3) whether from the ribs or from the flank. Chullin 42ᵇ בוקא דא׳ the thickest part of the flank (the thigh, hip).—Bava Bathra 73ᵇ חדא דלי א׳ one (goose) lifted up its thigh (leg).—plural אַטְמֵי. Chullin 8ᵃ א׳ דקיימי לקורבנא solid pieces (roast) intended for a present. Shabbath 49ᵃ.—אַטְמָתָא. Sanhedrin 59ᵇ edition (manuscript אַטְמָהָתָא). Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 אַטְמָאָתָא (רבתי).—Chullin 97ᵇ הנהו אַטְמָהָתָא those solid pieces of the thigh. Eruvin 57ᵇ א׳ דשורא edition (manuscript אטמאתא) flanks (projecting parts) of a wall. 5. אִיטְמָא. ↗ original
אִטֵּר Dictionary), supply (understood word) יד ימינוone whose right hand is tied up or unfit for labor; left-handed. Shabbath 103ᵃ אי׳ יד. Menachoth 37ᵃ only א׳. Tosefta Bechoroth 5, 8 א׳ בין בידיו וכ׳; Bechoroth 45ᵇ א׳ בין ביד וכ׳ one either left-handed or left-legged (see Rashi ad loc. (on the passage)). ↗ original
אַטְרִבֹּולִיסTripolis, on the coast of Phœnicia. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, 6ᶜ top; (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 45ᵇ Sidon). ↗ original
אֶטְרוֹגָא (see אֶתְרוֹגָא) orange (tree, a. fruit). Targum Song of Songs 2, 3 (Hebrew text תפוח, some edition אֶתְ׳). Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 41ᵃ bottom of the page ↗ original
אִטְּרִי (נטר; compare הִטְּרִי a. טָרִית) properly something preserved, hence dough preserved, vermicelli. Yerushalmi (prefix) Challah 1, 57ᵈ bottom of the page as I intend making אצוותי א׳ my dough into vermicelli. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 1, 60ᵈ הדא אטריתא וכ׳ to make verm. (on Holy Days), if for drying them, it is forbidden etc. ↗ original
אֲטַרְכוֹנָאTrachonitis, a district east of Gaulanitis. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 3, 14 (Hebrew Argob). 5. טרכונא. ↗ original
אַטְרַף (= טַרְפָּא, Hebrew טֶרֶף) leaf. Git. 69ᵇ (collect.).—plural אַטְרְפִין, אַטְרְפֵי. Targum Psalms 1, 3. Bava Metzia 114ᵇ (variant reading טרפי, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)). ↗ original
אִי 2 (= אִין; Hebrew אִם; compare אוֹ) if, whether. Targum Song of Songs 7, 13; and elsewhere—Berachoth 2ᵃ, and frequently אי הכי (abbreviated or abbreviation א"ה) if this be so (introducing an argument against one’s opinion).—Rosh Hashanah 3ᵃ כי משמש וכ׳ khi has four meanings, איif, etc.—אי נמי (abbreviated or abbreviation א"נ) a) if you choose, it may also be said; or. Bava Metzia 98ᵃ; and frequently—b) even if, see נַמִּי. Chullin 12ᵃ א"נ דילמא וכ׳ (Rashi א"נ שמע איניש וכ׳) even if somebody else overheard it; and frequently—אי אמרת בשלמא (abbr. אא"ב = בשלמא אי אמרת) I grant, if you were to say … היינו then would be right what etc.; see בשלמא. Yoma 17ᵇ; and frequently—אי … אי whether … or. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 11, 6. Bava Metzia 98ᵃ; and frequently adverb of interrogation, see אִין 2. Targum Job 11, 2 manuscript (edition אין). ↗ original
אִי 3 (= Hebrew אֵין) not. Git. 4, 5 אי אפשר it is impossible. Kethuboth 12, 3 אי אפשי I want not; and frequently ↗ original
אִי 4 (abbr. of אִית, as לי = לית) there is. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 6, 23ᵇ bottom of the page אי בי וכ׳ there is in me (the possibility of) doing, i.e. I can do it. the same place (ibid.) מה אי וכ׳ what is it thou canst do? (see Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 78ᵃ top). ↗ original
אֵי 2 Interj. Eh! Oh! Woe! Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Leviticus 26, 29.—Taanith 7ᵃ אי חכמה וכ׳ Oh, for such a brilliant mind in such an ugly vessel (body)! Rosh Hashanah 19ᵃ אי שמים Oh heavens!; and frequently Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 5, end, 49ᵇ אי לי שאני וכ׳ woe unto me, that I thus see thee! Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 13, 14ᵃ top; and frequently [Babli, usually אוֹי.] ↗ original
אֵי 3 (אֵיי) Hebrew (Biblical Hebrew אֵי, אַיֵה) where? what? how?—אי מנן whence? Targum Joshua 2, 4; and elsewhere—Hebr. אי זה (often אֵיזֶה, אֵזֶה in one word) who? which? Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 8, beginning 31ᵇ לאי זה דבר נאמר with regard to what (in what way, sense) has it been said? Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 1, beginning 33ᵃ ואי זה זה and which (ploughing time) is this?; and very frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 3, 17ᶜ top ואיי דינו מירוג (= אידין) and what is the meaning of merog? Kerith. 6ᵇ לאיי מיצרך צריכי what need is there (of the others)? Cmp. אֵיזֶה; אֵימָתי; לאיי מיצרך צריכי what need is there (of the others)? Cmp. אֵיזֶה; אֵימָתי; כֵּיצַד. ↗ original
אִיבָּא 1 (compare אֵב) growth, fruit. Targum Genesis 4, 3; and elsewhere; see אִנְבָּא. ↗ original
אִיבָּא 2 = אַבָּאfather. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 30, 4; and frequently ↗ original
אֵיבָהenmity, hostility, grudge. Sanhedrin 3, 5 an enemy is he who has not spoken to his neighbor for three days בא׳ in his grudge; and frequently—משום (מפני) א׳ for the sake of preventing ill-feeling. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 4, 24ᵃ; and frequently aversion, disgust, loss of attraction. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 8, 44ᵈ bottom of the page הכלה מפני א׳ the bride (is permitted to wash her face on the Day of Atone.) that she may not lose her attraction. ↗ original
אִיבּוּ (אנב, √אב. compare אבל) [black], name of a bird (Hebrew אֲנָפָה) vulture or kite. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 11, 19; Deuteronomy 14, 18 (Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) אוכמתא). [Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 14, 13, Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 14, 13; 14, gloss to see 18; confounded with see 13—Hebrew text אַיָּה.]—אִיבּוּ proper noun of a male person, see אִבּוּ. ↗ original
אִיבּוּד (אבד) ruin, destruction. Avodah Zarah 33ᵃ אזיל לא׳ is wasted. Chullin 11ᵇ משום א׳ נשמה to prevent loss of life (to save the convict). Betzah 22ᵃ אִבּוּד ממון pecuniary loss; and frequently ↗ original
אִיבּוּס (אָבַס) stuffing, forcing food down the animal’s throat. Eruvin 20ᵇ (first time) והא אי׳ כמאן וכ׳ in stuffing, is it not as if taking a vessel in hand etc.? [Second time והא א׳ כמאן וכ׳ omitted in Munich manuscript] ↗ original
*אִיבִּירְיָתָא (probably contracted of איבעיר׳; בער), א׳ דזהראlamp-lighters, hand-maids who attended to the lights. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 3, beginning 40ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 2, beginning 57ᵈ R. … handled things forbidden to handle on the Sabbath על פום א׳ דז׳ (Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah the passage cited, insert פום) on the lamplighters’ declaring that night had set in (חשיכה מוצאי שבת). [The context proves that our word designates a person or persons.] ↗ original
אִיבְלָא = אֶבְלָא. Targum Onkelos Genesis 50, 10; and elsewhere edition Berlin edition, other edition אֶבְלָא. ↗ original
אִיבָּעִית (= אִי בָּעִית, see בעי) if thou so desirest; or. וא׳ אימא—א׳ אימא (abbr. אב"א) if you choose, I may say … or if you prefer (another solution) I may say … Yoma 28ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original
אִיבְרָא (אבר to be strong) indeed, to be sure. Chullin 59ᵇ א׳ חזינא ליה indeed, I should like to see him. Git. 56ᵇ top א׳ מלכא את indeed, thou art a sovereign. ↗ original
איבריו Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 82ᵇ bottom of the page read אִיכָּרָיו; see אִיכָּר. [5. however, אִיבְרָיָאתָא end.] ↗ original
אִיגָר (אגר 2) [vaulted] roof. Arachin 32ᵃ; Megillah 5ᵇ שור א׳ a city line formed by joining roofs, opposite חוֹמָה.— ↗ original
אִיגָרָא (also אִיגּ׳ with Dagesh) const. אִיגַר same. Targum Proverbs 21, 9; and frequently—Ruth. R. to 1, 17 (Parah 3) איגר פלטין roof of the palace. Git. 85ᵇ (Rashi איגרת, correct accordingly), see אִגֶּרֶת.—plural אִיגָרַיָּא, אִיגָרַיָּיא; אִיגָרֵי. Targum 2 Kings 19, 26; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 7, 35ᵇ (Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 14 אברייאה, correct accordingly); see זֵיתָא I. Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Yoḥ. 1) ולא׳ סלקין and they ascend the roofs. Pesachim 111ᵇ דבי א׳ those (demons) dwelling on roofs. ↗ original
אִיגַּרְתָּא feminine אִיגְּרָא masculine (= Hebrew אִגֶּרֶת) letter etc. Targum 2 Kings 5, 5; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 10, end, 42ᵇ, and elsewhere א׳ דאיקר letter of honor, recommendation. Shabbath 115ᵃ; and frequently—Bava Metzia 83ᵇ; Sanhedrin 82ᵃ; 96ᵃ (proverb) קריינא דא׳ איהו ליהוי פרוונקא let him who composed the letter be himself its carrier.—plural (of אִיגְּרָא) אִיגְּרִין. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 22, 7 אִגְּ׳.—Targum Isaiah 39, 1.—אִיגָּרָן, אִיגָּרָאן, אִיגָּרָתָא, אִיגָּרָאתָא. Targum I Kings 21, 9; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 2, 26ᵇ bottom of the page Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 6, 40ᵃ bottom of the page Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 1, 19ᵃ top of the page ↗ original
אֵידturn, due day, whence evil fate, reverses. Bereshith Rabbah section 13, see אֵד. anniversary, idolatrous festival. Avodah Zarah 7ᵇ יום אֵידָם the very day of their festival.—plural אֵידִים. the same place (ibid.) 1, 2, and frequently (של נכרים) אֵידֵיהֶן. the same place (ibid.) 2ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 5, beginning 22ᵃ (controversy as to spelling with א׳ or with ע). [As to cacophemistic designation, compare אבידן etc.] ↗ original
אִידָא 1 (= ידא; see אִ־) hand (only in Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan)). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 9, 26; and frequently—plural אִידַיָּא, אַיְדַיָּא, אִידֵי. Targum Psalms 24, 4; and frequently ↗ original
אִידָא 2 (= אִי דָא, see אוּ a. דָּא)this, the same. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 3, 21ᵇ bottom of the page הדא אמרה אי א׳ אי א׳ this proves this is this, this is that, i.e. it is the same. [the same place (ibid.) היא הדא היא הדא.] ↗ original
אִידִיIdi, Idith, an Amora. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 7, beginning 44ᵃ. Sanhedrin 38ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original
אֵידֵיןwho now? what now? which now? (quisnam, quidnam). Targum I Samuel 6, 20. Targum Jeremiah 2, 10; and frequently—Tamid 32ᵃ א׳ מתקרי חכים who is to be called wise? Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 (חד מאת׳ 4) אחמי לי אידא וכ׳ show me now which of these is from a white goat etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 2, 28ᶜ top ואיידא אמר דא what (passage) now says this (is this derived from)? Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 5, 20ᶜ bottom of the page ואיידי חובתא עבדית and what is the sin I have committed? Echah Rabbah to 3, 7 באידנא אסטרטיא וכ׳ by which road did you come? (elliptically) what do you want? Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 5, beginning 4ᵈ, see הֵידָא. ↗ original
אִידֵּךְ a. fem. (= דֵּךְ, with אִי prosth.) this, that, frequently the other, another. Yevamoth 62ᵃ; and frequently תניא א׳ another (author or Boraitha) teaches. the same place (ibid.) 22ᵇ בא׳ קרא in another verse. Bava Metzia 98ᵇ וא׳ לא ידענא and as to the other (cow), I don’t know; and frequently—plural אִידֵּי.—א׳ וא׳ these and those, i.e. both. Yevamoth 8ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original
אִידָּנָא (= עִידָּן, עִירָּנָא; אוד, עוד) time.—הָאִידְּנָא this time, now, to-day. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 1, 6 (usually with ע).—Yevamoth 62ᵃ לילא דהא׳ this night. Yoma 19ᵇ הא׳ יומא וכ׳ to-day is the Day of Atone. Berachoth 4ᵃ כי הא׳ at this very time (hour). Kiddushin 71ᵇ והא׳ דאיכא רמאי but now-a-days when there are deceivers; and frequently ↗ original
אִידְּרוֹן (אדר; Assyr. idrânu, see Fred. Delitzsch, Friedrich Hebr. Lang. p. 24; compare חֵדֶר) an enclosure, chamber, especially dark alcove, bed-room. Targum Job 37, 9. Megillah 26ᵇ איד׳ דהוה וכ׳ a room where the corpse was placed before burial. Bava Bathra 7ᵃ השתא משוית לי איד׳ edition (Munich manuscript והשתא אינד׳) now thou makest my (formerly open) compartment a lightless alcove. Chullin 52ᵇ; and elsewhere—Menachoth 33ᵇ (fem.) א׳ מעלייתא a fine room. Bava Kamma 85ᵇ, see הַרְזֵק. Taanith 25ᵃ עיילא לאינ׳ she went up to the bed-room. ↗ original
אִיהוּ , אִיהִי feminine (= הוּ, הִי, see אִ־) he, himself; she, herself. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 5, 3. Targum Esther 1, 1; and very frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 49 יסב א׳ וכ׳ let himself take ashes; and frequently—plural אִינְהוּ masculine, אִינְהִי feminine; נִיהוּ, נִינְהוּ; אִינָךְ, אִינוּן masculine, אִינִין feminine (contracted אִנּוּן, אִנִּין); very frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 2, end, 65ᵇ דינון מרין = דאינון אמרין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᵃ top אילין אינין are there only these (differences between the Sabbath and Festivals)? ↗ original
*אִיהִי 2 , א׳ דַקִּירָא (האי) proper noun of a place Ihi Dakkira, Is, a city on the W. banks of the Euphrates, and upon a little river of the same name; (see Rapap. Er. Mill. p. 33, a. Sm. Class. Dictionary under the word Is). Kiddushin 72ᵃ א׳ ד׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) האי). Bava Bathra 24ᵃ Manuscript Rome א׳ דקי׳ (edition האי דקרא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)). Berachoth 59ᵇ (see Rabbinovicz D. ad loc. (on the passage)). ↗ original
אַיּוֹAyo, a scholar. Betzah 37ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original
אִיֹּוב (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Job, the personage after whom the Biblical book (ספר א׳) the Book of Job is named. Bava Bathra 14ᵇ; 15ᵃ and the following Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 5, end, 20ᶜᵈ. Niddah 52ᵃ; 52ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original
אִיזָּא, plural אִיזַיָּא masculine (אזז, compare גזיזא, חזיז, אזד) prickly twigs. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 4, 55ᵇ bottom of the page (to one who dreamt that people ran before him—meaning power) דאת מייתי א׳ וכ׳ thou wilt carry prickly twigs and everybody will run away from thee. [5. Echah Rabbah quoted under the word גְּבַב.] ↗ original
אִיזְגַּד (Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) עִזְגַּד, עַזְגַּד) masculine (contracted of גזגזדא, ג softened into א or ע, compare אזד, אדרזדא; also מזדנדז = מזדעזע, under the word זעזע; Massorah אִיסְגַּד־, אִסְגַּד־, Ispe. of גזז; Berlin edition Targum Onkelos 2, pp. 63, 68; compare Mand. אשגאנדא, Nöld. Mand. Gr. lithog. table; see גּוּז, גזז) runner. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 49, 21 ע׳ קליל a light runner; and elsewhere In gen. messenger. plural אִיזְגַּדִּין, אִיזְגַּדַיָּא, עִזְ׳, עַזְ, אִיסְ׳. Targum Isaiah 18, 2; and very frequently ↗ original
אִיזְגְּדַר (for איזדגרד) Yesdigerd, Yezdjird, a Persian King. Zevachim 19ᵃ top of the page Kethuboth 61ᵃ bottom of the page אזגוד (correct accordingly). ↗ original
אֵיזֶה , אֵיזוּ feminine (Biblical Hebrew who? what? which? Avoth 4, 1 איזהו חכם who is wise?; and very frequently—באיזה צד in what manner, see כֵּיצַד. [Chaldaic (Aramaic) אֵידֵין, אֵידָא.] ↗ original
אֵיזִי (see אֵיזֶה = Biblical Hebrew אֵיפוֹא, אֵפֹה, אֵפוֹ) now, then, pray. Yoma 30ᵇ אודו לי א׳ (miss. in manuscripts, Munich manuscript 2 זי) admit then at least. Bava Metzia 70ᵃ אימא לי איזו tell me now; and elsewhere 5. הֵידֵין. ↗ original
אִיזְלָא (אֲזַל 2) web, net, etc. Chullin 51ᵇ אי׳ ומקרבי קיטרי a net in which the knots are close. Eruvin 28ᵇ אוזלתא דאיכרי Munich manuscript (edition אוזילתא, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) איזולתא) the twist (of bunches) of the farmer.—plural אִיזְלֵי. Moed Katan 11ᵃ. Git. 60ᵇ אוּזְלֵי; see אוֹהֲרָא.—Eruvin 8ᵃ פסק ליה לסורא באו׳ (edition Soncino אי׳) he separated the court-yards of Sura with nets (hurdles, matting). ↗ original
אִיזְמָא masculine, see הִיזְמָא. Tosefta Kilayim 1, 11 edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (edition corrupt אזמאזמא). ↗ original
אִיזְמֵיל (זמל √מל; compare Biblical Hebrew סמל; compare אִיזְגָּרָא) cutting tool, knife, especially surgeon’s knife. Targum Job 16, 9; and elsewhere—Chullin 31ᵃ א׳ שיש לו קרנים a knife which has hornlike projections as ornaments. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 19, beginning 16ᵈ אנשון מייתי או׳ they had forgotten to bring the knife (for circumcision). Shemoth Rabbah section 26 man מכה באי׳ וכ׳ wounds with a knife (operating) and heals etc. plural Chaldaic (Aramaic) אִזְמֵלַיָּיא; אִזְמַלְוָון (feminine). Targum Isaiah 44, 13. Targum Joshua 5, 2. ↗ original
אִיחוּי (אחי, Pi'el) the act of stitching together seam, especially with referring to the rent of garments in mourning. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 83ᵇ top; and elsewhere—Moed Katan 26ᵇ א׳ אלכסנדרי Alexandrian (invisible) seam. ↗ original
אִיחוּר (אחר, Pi'el) delay, detention. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 3, 74ᵇ top of the page ↗ original
אִיטָא (ἦτα) the letter (η) of the Greek Alphabet, the numerical value of which is eight; used in the way of a phonetic play (ἤτω, or ἰτά as though an adjective verbale of ἰέναι) to indicate going or death. Bereshith Rabbah section 14, beginning (proving that a seven months’ child can live, while an eight months’ child cannot) מדידכון אנא ממטי איט"א אוכ"טא, לכון זיט"א אפ"טא from your own (Greek) language I will prove it to you, ‘Live (ζήτω) seven, Go, eight’ (ζ = ἕπτα, η = ὄκτω). Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 4, 5ᵈ top; Tanchuma B’midbar 18 (correct accordingly); Ibid. (edition Buber) 21. ↗ original
*אִיטָה 2 (Syriac (Peshitta) איטא, εἶτα) and so (indignantly). Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 1, 18ᵈ top א׳ עבדתני וכ׳ how thou hast been the cause of my putting rabbis to shame! ↗ original
אִיטַלְיָאItaly, especially the southern part of the peninsula, called Magna Graecia. Megillah 6ᵇ edition Venice (omitt. in later edition) א׳ של יון זה כרך גדול של רומי וכ׳ (Munich manuscript שברומי see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) Greek Italy, that means the great city of Rome etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 37 beginning Bereshith Rabbah section 67 איטאליה.—Targum Ezek. 27, 7; and elsewhere—Targum I Chronicles 1, 7 אִיטַלְיוֹן. ↗ original
אַיְידֵי (contracted of על ידי; see אַ־) by the way of, through. Shabbath 109ᵇ א׳ פומיה through his mouth.—Nazir 2ᵃ א׳ בהמה through the instrumentality of the animal; and frequently (conj.) because, since as. א׳ דתני … תני נמי as the compiler had to state this, he incidentally mentions also the other. Kiddushin 65ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original
אִיָּיר (אור; compare Biblical Hebrew זִיו) Iyar, the second month of the Hebrew calendar, of twenty nine days, varying betw. the tenth of April and the eighth of June. Rosh Hashanah 3ᵃ; and frequently [5. Schrader K. A. T. glossary.] ↗ original
אֵיךְas, how. Targum Proverbs 20, 20; and frequently ↗ original
אֵיכָא (= אֵי a. כָּא) where now? (ubinam). Targum Onkelos Genesis 37, 16 (edition Berlin edition); and elsewhere, see אֵיכַן a. הֵיכָא. ↗ original
אִיכָּא (contracted of אִית־כָּא) there is, there are (sunt qui). א׳ דאמרי (abbreviated or abbreviation א"ד.) some say. Chullin 3ᵇ; and frequently א׳ בינייהו they differ in this etc. the same place (ibid.) 4ᵃ; and frequently—מאי א׳ למימר what is there to say? how can it be explained? what can you reply? the same place (ibid.) 12ᵃ top; and frequently— he who. Targum Proverbs 19, 7. [Prob. to be read אִינָא.] ↗ original
אֵיכְדֵּיןhow then! how! Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 1, 12; and elsewhere; V. אֵיכָא. ↗ original
אֵיכָה (Biblical Hebrew = אֵי־כֹה) oh how! oh! Bereshith Rabbah section 19; and frequently Ekhah, name of the Book of Lamentations, also מגילת א׳.—א׳ רבתי Ekhah Rabbathi (Echah Rabbah), Midrash Rabboth on Lamentations. ↗ original
אִיכּוּ (= (= אי כה) if now; oh that. Betzah 4ᵇ top א׳ השתא אשתלאי if I (had given my decision forthwith) I should have made a mistake. Yevamoth 46ᵃ.—Sanhedrin 107ᵃ א׳ זממא וכ׳ oh that a muzzle had been put on my enemy’s (euphem. for my) mouth! i.e. oh that I never had said this! proper noun of a female person Ikhu. Taanith 35ᵃ what is thy name? She said, Ikhu.—Said he א׳ נמטו כשוריך oh that thy joists were sufficiently long! ↗ original
אִיכּוּל (אכל) consumption, combustion. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 7ᵇ top, and elsewhere א׳ איברים the consumption on the altar of the pieces of the daily offering; see אֵבֶר. [5. עִיכּוּל.] ↗ original
אִיכּוּמָא (אכם) black color, something black. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 2, 4ᵈ ההן א׳ black naphta. ↗ original
אֵיכַן (אֵי־כַּאַן, see אֵיכָא) where? also relat. where, etc. Targum Genesis 37, 16. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 3ᵇ bottom of the page א׳ יצאת בת קול where did that divine voice come forth? the same place (ibid.) 3, 6ᵃ bottom of the page מא׳ ללמוד one from whom to learn. the same place (ibid.) 4, 7ᵃ מא׳ למדו וכ׳ whence did they derive the obligation of three prayers?—עד א׳ how far? how long? Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 8, beginning 20ᵈ. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 6, 4; and elsewhere [In Babli הֵיכַן which see] ↗ original
איכפייה Esther Rabbah to 1, 1ᵇ בני אי׳ (variant reading אוכ׳), see אוּכַּיְיפָא ↗ original
אִיכָּרhusbandman, farm-laborer. Arachin 6, 3 (23ᵇ) אם היה אי׳ (Mishnah אכ׳) if he is a husbandman; and elsewhere—plural אִיכָּרִים. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 82ᵇ bottom of the page איבריו (read אִיכָּרָיו) his farm-hands. [5. איבריו.] ↗ original
אִיכָּרָא Targum Isaiah 21, 10; and elsewhere—plural אִיכָּרִין, אִיכָּרַיָּיא, אִיכָּרֵי. Targum Jeremiah 31, 23; and elsewhere—Eruvin 28ᵇ, see אִיזְלָא.—*Denom. אִיכַּרְיָיתָא feminine plural Eruvin 82ᵇ רפתא א׳ farmer’s loaves; see, however, אִיבְרָיָאתָא. ↗ original
*אֱיָלsuperiority, patronage, arbitration; see Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 88, 5. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 104, 29 (referring to Isaiah 57, 19 peace, peace etc.) אילולי (אֱיָילוֹ) אֱיָלוֹ של וכ׳ but for the peace-making arbitration of the Lord etc. ↗ original
אַיִלram (the strong). Bava Kamma 65ᵇ if one stole טלה ונעשה א׳ a lamb and it grew to be a ram. the same place (ibid.) א׳ בן יומו קרוי א׳ a ram one day old is called a ram (ayil is used in a general sense, irrespective of age). Rosh Hashanah 16ᵃ; and frequently—[*plural אֵלִים. Tosefta Rosh Hashanah I2 (2), 3 (variant reading יעלים).]— א׳ קמצא [perh. אַיָּל which see] a species of locusts. Eduy. 8, 4; Pesachim 16ᵃ; Avodah Zarah 37ᵃ אייל edition (Munich manuscript אייול), see דְּכֵי. ↗ original
אַיָּל probably frequently אול = עול, compare variant reading lect. of אַיֶּלֶת 2; compare אלל) [the climber], hart. Chullin 28ᵃ; and elsewhere ↗ original
אֵילָא ; in a transferred sense beak of a ship (a beam to which the head of a ram was attached), prow. Nedarim 50ᵃ projection from a lateral wall, buttress, etc. Targum Ezek. 40, 48; and elsewhere (variant reading אֵלָא).— (compare אַיִּל 2) name of a worm or mite in grapes. Shabbath 90ᵃ איל (Rashi a. manuscript Oxf. איי׳). ↗ original
אַיָּלָא Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 14, 5; and frequently—Bechoroth 7ᵇ.—plural אַיָּלִין, אַיָּלַיָּא, אַיָּי׳. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy the passage cited (edition Vienna edition אִילְיָן!) Targum Lamentations 1, 6. ↗ original
אִילָאIla ; a Tannai. Bechoroth 4, 5 (29ᵃ), a medical expert כא׳ ביבנה like 1. in Yabneh’. an Amora. Yoma 73ᵇ; and frequently [Other forms אילעא, אילי, הילא; see Frankel M’bo p. 75ᵇ.] ↗ original
אִילָּא see אֶלָּא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 1, 33ᵇ bottom of the page לא מסתברא דאי׳ see חִילּוּפָא. ↗ original
אַיָּלָהhind, roe. Bava Bathra 16ᵇ top א׳ רחמה צר the hind has a narrow womb (vagina). mostly אילת השחרthe first rays (climber) of the morning dawn; compare Yoma 29ᵃ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 2ᶜ; and frequently; (compare Genesis 19, 15 השחר עלה). ↗ original
אִילּוּ (late Biblical Hebrew = אִן 3, 6) if (oh that!). Targum Ezekiel the passage cited; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 12 א׳ היו … היתה נאה if the pillars had been higher, it would have looked better; and frequently—וא׳ but if (considering), whereas. Berachoth 20ᵃ; and frequently—וא׳ ר׳ whereas R. Yudah etc.—א׳ … וא׳ while …, in this case on the contrary. the same place (ibid.) 37ᵃ דא׳ במעשה … ואי׳ וכ׳ for while over pot-dishes we say the benediction etc., here, in our case we say—; and frequently Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 1, 33ᵇ top—ש אי׳ מי in the case of one who …—כְּאִילּוּ, כְּאִלּוּ, contracted כִּילּוּas if, as though. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 5, 56ᵈ bottom of the page כא׳ לפניו שינה as if the Lord were, so to say, asleep, when Israel is in trouble; and very frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 4, end, 29ᵈ כילו. ↗ original
אֵילוֹגִין (elogium) record, bill of indictment, sentence stating the crime, verdict. Shemoth Rabbah section 15 שאעביר אי׳ שלכם I may set aside (cancel) your verdict. Shemoth Rabbah section 31 אל׳. [Corr. according Bamidbar Rabbah section 16 אליגון; Bereshith Rabbah section 28, beginning אגאליגין; Echah Rabbah to 1, 14 אנלוגין, אולוגלוגין Aruch (Sefer HeArukh); Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 1, 5 אגלין; Pesikta Rabbati section 44 אמלוגין, אמלגין.] ↗ original
אִילּוּלָא (Biblical Hebrew לוּלֵי = אִילּוּ לֹא, Chaldaic (Aramaic) אִילּוּ לָא) were it not, but for (followed by Hebrew שֶׁ־, Chaldaic (Aramaic) דְּ־, or by a noun without a verb; see אִלְמָלֵא). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 1, 1; and elsewhere—Mechilta Beshallach, Amalek 1 א׳ שאמר משה but for Moses, who said &c; and frequently (followed by a verb without ש־ or ד־ = אִילּוּלֻא Hebrew אִילּוּ) if indeed, if. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 6, 6. Targum Esther 7, 4; and elsewhere— oh that! Bamidbar Rabbah section 2, beginning א׳ הוא מדגיל וכ׳ oh that He would allow His love to be a banner over me! [אלואי as in preceding lines?]— whether. Targum Song of Songs 6, 11 א׳ פשן וכ׳ whether the sages among them increase etc. ↗ original
אִילּוּלֵיפוֹן (= the preceding with פון = Hebrew פֶּן) if not perchance, but for. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 31, 42; and frequently (in some edition in two words אילולי פון). ↗ original
אַיְלוֹנִית (probably frequently אַיִל; compare זָכָר a. דְּכַי) (the man-like) barren, wombless, incapable of conception. Kethuboth 11ᵃ (etymol. from אַיִל) איי׳ דוכרניתaylonith means ram-like. Niddah 5, 9 (47ᵇ); and frequently ↗ original
אִילְיָא (ילי, אלי, see ילל; compare אֱלִי Joel 1, 8) mourning, lamentation, dirge. Targum 2 Samuel 1, 17; 2 Chronicles, Book of 35, 25; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 7, 21ᶜ top; Megillah 1, 71ᵇ bottom of the page סורסי לאילייא Syriac is adapted for dirges; Esther Rabbah to 1, 22 פרסי לאלייה (correct accordingly). ↗ original
*אִילִיאוֹס (ἥλιος) Sun. Shemoth Rabbah section 15. [The words from סנדריאוס to אורח are a marginal gloss, probably to be emended: (אלכ) סנדרוס איוס איליאו היה שמו והשמש וכ׳ Ἀλέξανδρος ὑιὸς Ἡλίου (Alexander the son of Helios) was his name, and the Sun is called a hero etc.] ↗ original
אִילְיוֹפֹּולִיס (Ἡλιόπολις) Heliopolis, in lower Egypt. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Vayhi p. 63ᵇ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition פוליס); Pesikta Rabbati section 17 אילו פוליס (correct accordingly) ↗ original
אִילֵימָא (= אִיif, and לֵימָא = לֵימַר) properly if to say, hence a dialectic term in debate, you do not mean to say, or shall I say? Bava Metzia 12ᵇ א׳ כשחייב מודה shall I say (it means) when the debtor concedes (his indebtedness)? Kiddushin 74ᵃ אהייא א׳ וכ׳ what does it refer to? You cannot say it refers to … Shabbath 150ᵇ (some edition אל׳). Yoma 52ᵇ; and very frequently ↗ original
אִילֵּין com. plural (Hebrew these, those. Targum Judges 20, 17; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 5, 9ᶜ top א׳ דמתרגמין those who translate; and very frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 3, 20ᵈ top אילין אינון insert מאי, what are those (names mentioned)? ↗ original
אֵילֵךְ a. hither, thither. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 22, 4.—(מכן) מכאן וא׳ from now and further on, i.e. after that. Targum Esther 2, 14. Berachoth 1, 2; and frequently—Menachoth 28ᵇ אחד א׳ ואחד א׳ one in this, another in that direction. Eruvin 55ᵇ. [Diff. from. אִלֵּךְ.] 5. הֵילֵךְ. ↗ original
אֵילָםElam. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 4, 65ᵈ top; see עילָם. ↗ original
אִילָּן (compare Biblical Hebrew אֵלוֹןoak, see אֵלָה) tree. Shevi'ith 1, 1, and elsewhere שדה הא׳ a field containing at least three trees within a distance of a S’ah (see סְאָה). the same place (ibid.) 3 א׳ סרק bearing no edible fruit, opposite א׳ מאכל.—Pesachim 112ᵃ (proverb) אם בקשת וכ׳ if you desire to be strangled, be hanged on a large tree, (if you must refer to an authority, select a good one).—plural אִילָּנוֹת, const. אִילָּנֵי. Shevi'ith 1, 2. Bereshith Rabbah section 16; and frequently ↗ original
אִילַן Targum Genesis 1, 11; and frequently—Avodah Zarah 50ᵇ, see ברי Chaldaic (Aramaic)—plural אִילָנִין, אִילָנַיָּיא, אִילָנַיָּא, אִילָנֵי, אִלָ׳. Targum Genesis 2, 5; and frequently—Vayikra Rabbah section 12 מתקריין וכ׳ (insert פיריהון) א׳ fruits are named after the trees. Bava Bathra 16ᵇ; and frequently—Vayikra Rabbah section 5 א׳ דסדום, see אמבוניא.—[קלא א׳, תלא א׳, see section קְלָא a. תְּלָא respectively.] ↗ original
אִילפָא 1 (אלף, ילף; Assyr. êlippu) ship, raft. Targum Jonah 1, 3; and elsewhere—Vayikra Rabbah section 12, beginning כהדא א׳ like the ship tossed about on high sea. Koheleth Rabbah to 3, 2 (proverb) at the time thou tiest thy Lulab (for the Feast of Booths) קטר אלפך tie thy ship (cease navigation). Avodah Zarah 10ᵇ ווי לה לאי׳ וכ׳ woe to the ship which leades without having paid its toll (of a convert who died before circumcision).—Transferred the body of a chicken (chest-bone resembling a ship). Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 נסבית הדין אי׳ וכ׳ (רבתי) I took for myself this ship (of the chicken), for in a ship I came etc.—plural אִילְפַיָּא. Targum Psalms 104, 26; and elsewhere ↗ original
אִילְפָא 2Ilfa, an Amora. Taanith 21ᵃ; and frequently [In. Talmud Yerushalmi (prefix) חילפיי]. Rosh Hashanah 17ᵇ אילְפָי וא"ל א׳ Ilfay or, some say, Ilfa (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) ↗ original
אַיֶּלֶת 2 (not bibl. אֵילַת) Ayeleth, one day’s journey south of Jerusalem. Maʿǎser Sheni 5, 2; Betzah 5ᵃ עלת edition (Munich manuscript איילת); Rosh Hashanah 31ᵇ אילת edition (Munich manuscript עַיֶּילֶת; manuscript L. עלת corrupted into עיי׳; manuscript 2 עגלת; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). [Betzah a. Rosh Hashanah the passage cited read מן הדרום for מן הצפון a. vice versa.] Cmp. אַיָּל. ↗ original
אַיַּלְתָּאhind, roe. Targum Jeremiah 14, 5; and elsewhere Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 9; and elsewhere—א׳ דשחרא (see אַיָּלָה) morning dawn. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 2ᶜ; and elsewhere—plural אַיָּילָתָא, אַיָּילָאתָא. Targum Psalms 29, 9; and elsewhere ↗ original
אָיַם (√או, see אֵיבָה) to feel aversion, fright. Denomin. אֵימָה. Pi'el פִּעֵל אִיֵּים (denominative of אֵימָה; with על) to impress with awe, forewarn (witnesses). Rosh Hashanah 20ᵃ מְאַיְּימִין על העדים we may try to intimidate etc. Yoma 4ᵇ לְאַיֵּים עליו to impress him. Sotah 1, 4; and elsewhere ↗ original
אִימָּא 2 (= Hebrew אֵם) mother, frequ. my mother; see אַבָּא. Targum Genesis 3, 20; and frequently—Berachoth 18ᵇ אֵימא לה לא׳ tell my mother; and frequently—א׳ זקינה grandmother. Megillah 27ᵇ in a transferred sense the flesh of a stone fruit. Shabbath 143ᵃ חזיין אגב אִימָּן may be handled on account of the flesh (with which they were surrounded when Sabbath cause).—plural אִימָּהָתָא, אִמְהָתָא. Targum Jeremiah 16, 3; especially the arch-mothers of the Israel. nation. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 17, 9; and elsewhere—Kiddushin 82ᵃ א׳ דינוקי the mothers of school children. [5. also אִימָּה 2.] ↗ original
אִימָּא 3 [or title; compare אַבָּא]. Imma. Yerushalmi (prefix) Git. 1, 43ᶜ; Shevi'ith 6, 36ᶜ top א׳ שלום Imma (Mother) Shalom. ↗ original
אִימָּה 2 (אמם, √אם to gather; compare אוּמָּה a. עמם I in Ges. H. Dictionary) distaff. Kelim 11, 6 (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אימא, variant reading עִימָּא). ↗ original
אֵימָהfear, awe. Bamidbar Rabbah section 9; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 1, beginning 16ᵇ אלא מתוך דבר של אמה (read אימה) but from a solemn conversation (see, however, Maimonides Sotah 4, 18 a. commentary or commentaries). Rosh Hashanah 17ᵃ; and frequently—plural אֵימוֹת. Shabbath 77ᵇ חמש א׳ הן there are five sorts of fear. [Tanchuma Tsav 2 (אימות) אימת שירוף, see אִימּוּס.] ↗ original
*אִימּוּס (contracted of אִמְאוּס = מִיאוּס; מאס) disfiguration. א׳ שירוףone disfigured by burns. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 9 ונעשה א׳ ש׳ and he (Nebucadn.) became etc. [Tanchuma Tsav. 2 (edition Buber 3) ונעשה אֵימַת שירוף עליו and the fright (repulsiveness) of a burned face was put upon him. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 22 אמבירוס, read אֶמְפּוּרוֹס, ἔμπυρος, fire-scathed.] ↗ original
אֵימוּרִים (אמר, see Ges. H. Dictionary under the word; compare Deuteronomy 26, 17 and the following) devoted objects, sacrifices. Sukkah 55ᵇ אֲמוּרֵי הרגלים וכ׳ (Mishnah the same place (ibid.) אֵימ׳) are not the festive Emurim (see below) the Lord’s, i.e. to be offered on the altar? Answ. מה שאמור ברגליםEmuré etc. means, whatever is consecrated as offering for festivals.—Esp. Emurim, Emurin, those portions of sacrifices offered on the altar. Pesachim 71ᵃ אֵימוּרֵי חגיגה וכ׳ the Emurim of the pilgrim’s feast offering. Zevachim 2, 2; and frequently ↗ original
אֵימוּרִים ² (מור, ימר) exchange (compare חליפין as to plural). בני א׳hostages in place of their parents. Echah Rabbah to 3, 13 edition (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אימְרָיָיא which see). 5. also אֲמוּרְיָא. ↗ original
אִימִירוֹן (ἥμερον, neut. or accus.) tame, soft, gentle (opposite אַגְרִיאוֹן which see). Bereshith Rabbah section 77 end נמירון (correct accordingly). Bamidbar Rabbah section 11; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Haḥod. p. 44ᵇ אי מכון; Pesikta Rabbati section 15 אימרון; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 7 אדיבון (correct accordingly). Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 17 (for אגריון read אימירון, for נימירון read אגריון). ↗ original
אִימָמָא (see אִי־) day time. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 3, 6ᵈ top; and elsewhere Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 39ᶜ top א׳ ארך the day growing longer. ↗ original
אֵימַר (= Hebrew אֵמֶר) speech, utterance. Targum Numbers 24, 3; and elsewhere—plural אִימְרַיָּא. Targum Proverbs 4, 5 manuscript (edition מַאֲמָרֵי); and elsewhere ↗ original
אִימַרto retract, see מרי Chaldaic (Aramaic) ↗ original
אִימַּר (אמר, √אם, see אמם; compare עמרא, חומרא, צמר) [thick, heavy,] lamb. Targum Genesis 30, 32; and frequently—Nedarim 1, 3 ‘this be as forbidden to me כאימרא (Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, end, 37ᵃ כאימרה) as the lamb’—כאימר תמידא that means, ‘as the lamb of the daily offering’. Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Joshua 2) דהוה נכיס אמ׳ וכ׳ who slaughters a lamb and augurs from its liver. Eruvin 53ᵇ (deriding the Galilean dialect) a Galilean cried אמר למאן וכ׳ who wants amar? (indistinctly pronouncing the vowels, as well as the guttural sound of א), when they said to him …, חמר למירכב או חמר למשתי עמר למילבש או אימר לאיתכסאה (for variatio lectionis, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 10) do you mean ḥǎmâr (an ass) to ride on, or ḥămar (wine) to drink, or ãmar (wool) for putting on, or immar (lamb) for slaughtering?; and frequently—plural אִימְּרִין, אִימְּרַיָּא, אִימְּרַיָּיה, אִמְּ׳. Ezra 7, 9; and elsewhere—Targum Exodus 29, 38; 12, 5; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 1, 18ᵈ top אי׳ רכיכין the lambs (of the spring) are yet tender (in a letter announcing the intercalation of a month); Babylonian Sanhedrin 11ᵇ א׳ עדקין (not ער׳; see Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 6); and elsewhere—Fem. אִימַּרְתָּאewe. Targum Leviticus 5, 6; and elsewhere—Chullin 51ᵃ. Bereshith Rabbah section 44 end, the sow (Rome) pastures with twenty (young ones), וא׳ ולא בחד and the ewe (Sarah) not even with one.—2) (compare חוּמְרָא) knot, bandage on wounds. Sanhedrin 98ᵃ כולהו שרי ואסרי אי׳ וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (in edition a. manuscript our word omitted) all of them untie their bandages all at once and tie them up all at once, but he attends to one at a time. fringe, border. Targum Psalms 133, 2. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 26, 4 (variant reading אֶימְרָא). 5. next word * proper noun of a place כפר א׳ K’far Imra (Lamb-ville). Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 69ᵃ bottom of the page; (Echah Rabbah to 2, 2 נמרא). ↗ original
אִימְּרָה Hebrew feminine (see the preceding) fringe, border, skirt; in a transferred sense the bordered garment, (toga prætexta), state garment. Taanith 11ᵇ; Avodah Zarah 34ᵃ חלוק לבן שאין בו אימרא a white plain frock without border (without official distinction; compare toga pura). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᵃ top; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 5, 19 א׳ (ה)מפורסמת a conspicuous border garment. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 4, beginning 65ᵇ (play on אִמֵּר Ezra 2, 59) פירסמו וכ׳ they made themselves as conspicuous as the border on the frock. Shabbath 105ᵃ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 12 (13), 1.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 1, 38ᵈ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 72ᵃ bottom of the page אִימְּרַת חלוקי the skirt of my frock; and frequently—[Echah Rabbah to 2, 17 explain. אִמְרָתוֹ the same place (ibid.), פורפירא, see בזע.] plural (of אוּמְּרִית) אוּמְרִיֹּות. Nega'im 11, 10. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 1, 80ᵈ bottom of the page; see זָוַג. in a transferred sense object of distinction, decoration (play on אֲמִירָה 2); compare חְטִיבָה. Mechilta Beshallach, Shirah, section 3 (referring to האמר־ Deuteronomy 26, 17) עשאני וכ׳ He made me (His) decoration (chosen people) etc.; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 244 אְמִירָה. ↗ original
אִימַּרְתָּאewe, see אִימַּר. proper noun of a female person Immarta. Sanhedrin 52ᵇ Im. daughter of Tali (probably pseudonyms). ↗ original
אֵימָתwhen? Chullin 17ᵃ.—Berachoth 1, 1, and frequently מאימתי from what time (of the day)? Shevi'ith 1, 1, and frequently עד אימתי; the same place (ibid.) 2, 1 עד אימת how long (until when)? ↗ original
אֵימַתwhenever, when. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 23, 42; and elsewhere Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 3, 3ᵈ top אי׳ דמתיבון וכ׳ when they quote the Mishnah in support of etc. Avodah Zarah 53ᵇ כל אי׳ דבעינא לה whenever I desire it. Niddah 66ᵃ also (אִימַתִּי) אֵימָתַיwhen? Targum Job. 7, 4.—לא׳ for what time? until what time? Targum Onkelos Exodus 8, 5; and elsewhere ↗ original
אֵימְתָא Chaldaic (Aramaic) = Hebrew אֵימָה. Targum Onkelos Exodus 15, 16; and elsewhere—Bava Kamma 28ᵃ; and elsewhere ↗ original
אֵימְתָן (denominative of אימתא) fear-inspiring, powerful. Targum Judges 3, 30.—plural אֵימְתָנִין, אֵימְתָנֵי, אֵימָ׳. Targum Ḥab. 1, 7. Targum Genesis 14, 5 (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2, אמתניא, Hebrew text אֵימִים). timid. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 3, 74ᵃ bottom of the page ספרא הוה אימתן וכ׳ (edition Krot. אימהן, correct accordingly) the school-master was a timid man and but for R. Abbahu that passed by, he would not have cleared the children out of the premises of the Synagogue. [Hebr. form, see אֵמְתָן.] ↗ original
אָיַן , Pi. אִיֵּין (= עִיֵּין, see next word) to look upon, investigate. Bava Bathra 115ᵃ (play on אִין) אַיֵּין עליו Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition עַיֵּין) investigate his family relations. Kiddushin 4ᵃ ↗ original
אַיִן 1 (√או; compare אָוֶן, עַיִן) [Biblical Hebrew naught], something rounded, decorative. Koheleth Rabbah to 3, 12 explained as נוֹי, referring to the shape of the human buttock, see אֱפִיפְּיוֹן. ↗ original
אַיִן 2where? (only with pref. מ or ל). לְאַ׳whither? מֵאַ׳ whence? Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 28ᵈ bot; Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 77ᵃ bottom of the page מא׳ ולא׳ whence and whither?—Aboth 3, 1. Bereshith Rabbah section 2 מא׳ הרגלים whence art thou coming? i.e. where hast thou been staying?—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 28ᵇ top היה לו מא׳ ללמוד he had (a precedent) to learn from.—Contr. of מן אין: מִנַיִן, see מִן. ↗ original
אֵיןnothing, not. Berachoth 5ᵃ אין עוף אלא וכ׳ uf (flight, Job 5, 7) means nothing else but etc.; and very frequently—אֵינִי, אֵינְךָnot I etc. אֵינִי יודע I do not know; do I not know? Bava Metzia 97ᵇ; and frequently Berachoth the passage cited but the Holy One … אֵינוֹ כן is not so; and frequently—אֵינוֹ דין is it not a legitimate conclusion?, whence so much the more. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 6, 55ᵃ; and very frequently—… אין לי אלא … מניין from this I could only prove …, whence, however, will you deduct …? Chullin 65ᵇ; and frequently [Yerushalmi (prefix) Git. 9, end, 50ᵈ אפי׳ כתב אינו read סימנו.] ↗ original
אִין 1 (Syriac (Peshitta) = הֵין, הֶן) yes, indeed. Kethuboth 65ᵃ השתא א׳ וכ׳ now,—yes, but not before. Bava Metzia 98ᵃ חדא א׳ בעידן וכ׳ as regards the one (cow)—well, she died etc.; and frequently—אֵינִי = אִין הִיis it really so? indeed?, i.e. it cannot be. Chullin 96ᵇ א׳ והאמר it cannot be so; for did not R. … say etc.? Moed Katan 20ᵃ; and very frequently ↗ original
אִין 2if, whether. Targum Psalms 7, 4; and elsewhere [Apocopated: אִי which see]—אין תימר (Hebrew אם תאמר) if thou wilt say (argue). Yerushalmi (prefix) Makkoth 2, 31ᵈ bottom of the page; and frequently—אין כיני (Hebrew אם כן היא) if this is (be) the case. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 6, 54ᵈ bottom of the page—Echah Rabbah introduction end אן את יתיב וכ׳ if thou remainest here, or etc. Koheleth Rabbah to 10, 5 אן אתת ענתה וכ׳ if the (my dying) time comes first, what of it? and if etc. adverb of interrogation, introducing the alternative, or. Targum Job 6, 6; and elsewhere ↗ original
אִינָא common gender (compare אִינְחוּ), followed by ד־, he who. Targum Proverbs 11, 26; and elsewhere (also אִנָא edition). ↗ original
אֵינָב (= Biblical Hebrew עֵנָב which see) berry, an excrescence on the eye. Tosefta Bechoroth 4, 2. [Mishnah the same place (ibid.) 6, 2 עֵינָב. Talmud edition 38ᵃ; 38ᵇ עצב (correct accordingly).] ↗ original
אִינְגַּדprolong! go further! Git. 58ᵃ א׳ פוסתא וכ׳ go one page and a half further, (and you will find it). [Rashi: a little = אִי־נְגַד, see אי 3.] ↗ original
אִינְדְּרָא = next word—plural with suffix of third pers. singular אִינְדְּרוֹי. Targum Psalms 104, 3 manuscript (edition אכסדרוי). [The verse is variously corrupted and defective.] ↗ original
אינו Yerushalmi (prefix) Git. 9, end, 50ᵈ אפי׳ כתב א׳, read סִימָנוֹ, see Babylonian Git. 87ᵇ ↗ original
אִינוֹמִילִין (οἰνόμελι) wine mixed with honey. Shabbath 20, 2 (139ᵇ) אי׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אנ׳, var. in manuscripts יינמילין, ינמי׳, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 20). Avodah Zarah 30ᵃ defined as a mixture of wine, honey and pepper. Terumoth 11, 1 יינומלין Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition יינומלים; Munich manuscript אט׳, read אינו׳). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 14, 14ᶜ top יינומילין. ↗ original
אִינְיָיא (compare אִינִי) Inya. Yerushalmi (prefix) Git. 1, 43ᵈ (Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 16ᶜ חייה). 5. next word↗ original
אִינְיָינִיInyani, an Amora. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 3, 40ᶜ; and elsewhere Yerushalmi (prefix) [Maʿǎser Sheni 4, 55ᵃ bottom of the page אינייא, seems to be a different person, see preceding word a. Frankel M’bo p. 64ᵇ.] 5. אינוניתא. ↗ original
אֶינְמִירִינוֹן (a contraction of ἔλαιον μύῤῥινον; compare אניגרון as to נ for ל) unguent scentedwith Arabian myrtle. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 14. [Muss. οἶνος μυρίνης; but the context requires an unguent.] ↗ original
אִינְקָא (ינק) suckling (infant or animal); compare יַנְקָא. Targum 2 Esther 1, 2 א׳ די דהבא a suckling (kid?) of gold (lying, on the third step, opposite נמרא [not נשרא] the panther; referring to Isaiah 11, 6). plural (אֶנְקִין) אֱנָקִין. the same place (ibid.) (end) א׳ בכיין the sucklings were crying. ↗ original
אִינְקוֹרָא (נקר) a bird with traces of bites or wounds on its legs; [black bird with white spots on its head, quoted in Rashi; to be read אינקודי?].—plural אִינְקוֹרֵי, אִנְ׳. Chullin 57ᵃ ↗ original
אֱינָשׁ (אנש, sec. root or radix of אוּשׁ; Hebrew being, especially human being Daniel 2, 10, and frequently אנש.—the same place (ibid.) 7, 13 בר א׳ son of man (in Talmud frequently בר נש). Targum Onkelos Leviticus 13, 2; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 8, 25ᵃ bottom of the page, and frequently כאי׳ דמר as if one says. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 8, 12ᵃ bottom of the page אֲנָשָׁא רבא a great man. Shevuoth 22ᵇ; and frequently—plural אֵינָשִׁין, const. אֵינָשֵׁי. Targum Onkelos Genesis 6, 4; and elsewhere—אִינְשִׁין, אִינְשֵׁי. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) ibid.; and elsewhere—In Talmud mostly אִינְשֵׁיpeople. Bava Kamma 92ᵇ אמרי א׳ (text רבנן, correct accordingly). Sanhedrin 95ᵇ היינו דאמרי א׳ (abbr. ה"דא"א) this is what people say, it is a common saying (proverb). Ibid. 103ᵃ; and very frequently—Git. 45ᵃ אִינְשִׁין (our people?). ↗ original
אִיס־ a prefix for the formation of (verbal) nouns (Ispeel nouns), affecting the first radical in the same way as the prefix of the Hithpa'el or Ithpeel; e.g. from סגי, אִסְטַגְיוֹת (plural) rims; from סוַר = שורto walk, stride, אִיסְתְּוָורָאankle, etc. Before dentals איס and אס interchange with אִיצְ־ and אִצְ־. [Words not found under איס־ must be looked for under אִס־ and vice versa.] ↗ original
אִיס (υἱός) son. Shemoth Rabbah section 15, see אִילִיאוֹס. ↗ original
אִיסָאIsa, an Amora, disciple of R. Yoḥanan. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 1, 40ᶜ top of the page 5. אִיסִי. ↗ original
אִיסָדָא (see סדא, סדיא)head-side, pillow. Targum Genesis 28, 11; and elsewhere—Berachoth 56ᵃ אאיסדָן by our head-side.—[the same place (ibid.) בי סדיאpillow.] ↗ original
אִיסוֹדָא, plural אֵיסוֹדֵי masculine = יְסוֹדָא. Targum Onkelos Numbers 5, 17 edition Berlin edition ↗ original
אִיסוֹפֹּולִיטְיָיא (ἰσοπολιτεία) civic rights granted to strangers, isopolity (see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Civitas). Pesikta Rabbati section 15 עבדות וגרות בארץ לא להם וענו אותם ארבע מאות שנה אפילו [על] א׳ שלהם Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word פלטיא 2 (edition איספטלים, איספטליס, correct accordingly) ‘slavery and stranger’s condition’ (indicated Genesis 15, 13) were in a land not theirs (in Egypt), but, ‘and they shall afflict them four hundred years’ refers even to their isopolity (in Canaan, from the birth of Isaac); Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 17 באיספטלייה … (corrupted as above.). Bereshith Rabbah section 44; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 77 לאספטיא … (corrupted as above.). Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Haḥod. p. 47ᵇ note 96. ↗ original
אֵיסוּר (אסר) imprisonment. Berachoth 28ᵇ אין אֵיסוּרוֹ א׳ עולם the imprisonment which he decrees is not everlasting (as he may die and his successor may relieve me). * (= אָסִיר), plural אֵיסוּרִיןprisoners. Shemoth Rabbah section 30 he burst the prison open והוציא האיסו׳ (the same place (ibid.) also האֵיסָרִין) and set the prisoners free [probably to be read אסירין]. ↗ original
אִיסּוּר 1Issur; a proselyte. Avodah Zarah 70ᵃ. Bava Bathra 149ᵃ an expert on coins. Bava Kamma 99ᵇ bottom of the page ↗ original
אִיסּוּר 2 (אסר; compare Biblical Hebrew אֵסוּר, a. אֵיסוּר) band, chain; in a transferred sense social circle. Sukkah 45ᵇ (referring to Psalms 118, 27) כל העושה א׳ לחג וכ׳ he who creates a circle for the festival with eating and drinking, i.e. social pleasures. [Oth. explanation: he who makes an addition to the number of festive days;—hence the popular name of אסרו חג for the day following the festivals.] prohibition, interdict; also the forbidden object. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 3ᵇ bottom of the page דברי תורה יש בהן א׳ וכ׳ the Biblical law contains prohibitions and permissions.—א׳ ערוה an obstacle to marriage by the existing laws of incest, e.g. a man prevented from performing a levirate marriage because his late brother’s wife is his own wife’s sister; etc.—א׳ מצוה a marriage (or sexual connection) permitted in the Torah but forbidden by Rabbinical enactment;—so called because obedience to the Rabbis is a meritorious act (מצוה); א׳ קדושהmarriage restrictions incumbent on priests on account of their sacred office; (another opinion inverts the last two definitions). Yevamoth 2, 3 (20ᵃ).—אין א׳ חל על א׳ one prohibition can take no legal hold where another prohibition already exists; i.e. you can punish, or impose sacrificial expiation, only for the first one; e.g. if you eat the meat of an unclean animal which, besides, has not been slaughtered according to ritual (נבלה). the same place (ibid.) 13ᵇ; and frequently—Exceptions to this principle (adopted by most authorities) are when the acceding act is: 1) א׳ כֹּולֵלa more comprehensive prohibition, i.e. having a wider range of prohibited objects; e.g. the law imposing abstinence from food on the Day of Atonement includes food in general, i.e. food otherwise allowed as well as food forbidden at all times; א׳ מוֹסִיףa more extensive prohibition, i.e. having a wider range of persons concerned; e.g. the sister of A’s wife is forbidden to him (אחות אשתו) but not to his brothers. If, afterwards, his brother B. marries that sister of A.’s wife, she is forbidden in marriage (after B.’s death) to all the brothers as a brother’s wife, and to A. both as his own living wife’s sister and as his late brother’s wife (אשת אח); א׳ בַּת אַחַת a coincidental prohibition, i.e. two prohibitions taking effect at the same moment, e.g. the Day of Atonement coinciding with the Sabbath day, in which case the restrictions connected with each take effect at the same time (night-fall); א׳ חָמוּר a heavier prohibition, i.e. a prohibition imposing larger restrictions, e.g. the law prohibiting any profitable use of thing (א׳ הנאה), compared to the lighter prohibition, א׳ קַל, not to eat or drink a thing (see below). Yevamoth 32ᵇ sq; Shevuoth 24ᵃ; 24ᵇ; Chullin 101ᵃ sq; Kerith. 14ᵇ.—א׳ תורה a Biblical prohibitory law; א׳ דרבנן a Rabbinical prohibitory enactment.—א׳ לאו a prohibition expressed in the Law by a plain (לֹא) ‘thou shalt not’, without defining the penalty, in which case the latter consists of thirty nine lashes (see מַלְקוּת).—א׳ כרת a prohibition to which the Bible attaches the penalty of excision (by the hand of God).—א׳ מיתה a prohibition the transgression of which the Bible punishes with death (execution).—א׳ אכילה the law not to eat (meat boiled with milk); Kerith. 14ᵇ.—א׳ תורה a Biblical prohibitory law; א׳ דרבנן a Rabbinical prohibitory enactment.—א׳ לאו a prohibition expressed in the Law by a plain (לֹא) ‘thou shalt not’, without defining the penalty, in which case the latter consists of thirty nine lashes (see מַלְקוּת).—א׳ כרת a prohibition to which the Bible attaches the penalty of excision (by the hand of God).—א׳ מיתה a prohibition the transgression of which the Bible punishes with death (execution).—א׳ אכילה the law not to eat (meat boiled with milk); א׳ הנאהnot to make any use (of it, as selling etc.); א׳ בישולnot to boil (meat with milk). Chullin 115ᵇ; and frequently—א׳ במות, see בָּמָה.—plural אִיסּוּרִין. Chullin 98ᵃ and the following כל א׳ שבתורה (בטלין) בששים all things Biblically forbidden are neutralized if mixed with a quantity sixty times as large; the same place (ibid.) במאה—in a quantity one hundred times as large; and frequently ↗ original
אִיסּוּרָא as the the preceding , band. Targum Ezek. 3, 25.—plural אִיסוּרִין. Targum the same place (ibid.) 16, 4 (bandages).—2) as the the preceding 2). Chullin 9ᵇ; and frequently—Bava Bathra 92ᵇ כי אזלינן בתר רובא בא׳ בממונא לא we follow the majority principle (that a doubtful thing is presumed to have the legal status of the majority of its class) only in ritual questions, but not in civil law.—עבד א׳ to commit a crime, euphem. for prostitution, etc. Avodah Zarah 18ᵃ. Git. 38ᵃ.—plural אִיסּוּרֵי, אִסּוּרֵי. Shabbath 60ᵇ בבלאי שרי א׳ a Babylonian permitter of forbidden things (R. Ḥiya).—Niddah 24ᵇ, and frequently הלכתא כרב בא׳ Rab is the adopted authority in ritual law. [Kiddushin 12ᵃ זול איסורי etc. read אִיסָרֵי; see אִיסָר.] ↗ original
אִיסְט־ , see אִיסְ־. For words under איסט־ not found here below, see אסט־, איצט־, אצט־. ↗ original
אִיסְטְבָא [also ָה, a. with one ו] masculine (Ispe. noun of סב, סבב = Hebrew אִיסְטֵיב which see, Biblical Hebrew מֵסֵב; see אִיסְ־) a surrounding, attachment, whence balcony, colonnade, portico(also an independent colonnade), especially הָאִ׳ the Itst’ba (Ist’ba) the Temple portico. Pesachim 1, 5 (11ᵇ) על גג האיצ׳ Munich manuscript (Babylonian edition incorr. גב, variant reading אִסְטְוָה, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). the same place (ibid.) 13ᵇ one recited על גב on top (inside) …, say על גג הא׳ on the roof of the Its. (so as to expose it to public view). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, 2ᵈ bottom of the page איסטוה וכ׳; Babylonian Shabbath 7ᵃ איצ׳ שלפני העמודים a balcony in front of the columns (projecting into the street, used as a stand for dealers, see אִיסְטֵיב). the same place (ibid.) דוקא א׳ דלא ניחא תשמישיה Munich manuscript (edition א׳ הוא דלא) only the colonnade the use of which for passers by is not convenient. Bamidbar Rabbah section 12 two columns of silver which were placed in front of the Ark כמין איסטווה (Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 11 אִיסְטְוִוין plural) forming a kind of balcony; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 8, 22ᶜ תנם לא׳ allow the surplus of three handbreadths (over the space occupied by the Tablets) for the balcony.—Yoma 49ᵃ דעבוד מעשה אסטווה Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition איצ׳) they (the laymen) served only the purpose of a portico (holding the bowls up to view, see Pesachim 1, 5, but not handing them to the altar).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 5, 55ᵃ bottom of the page, see דִּיפְּלֵי. (compare הֶסֵּב, הֲסִיבָּה) something to recline on; couch, seat. Kiddushin 70ᵃ, (to one using the high-toned קרפיטא which see) א׳ דאמרי אינשי call it itst’ba as the people do.—Moed Katan 10ᵇ למבני א׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. edition (variant reading as Yoma the passage cited) to build a temporary banqueting place for guests during the festive week, compare אַכְוַרְנְקָא, (Rashi: stone building, manuscript Rashi כסא).—plural אִיצְטְבָאוֹת (Hebrew form). Shemoth Rabbah section 31 (basilicas).—אִיצְטְבֵי (Chaldaic (Aramaic) form). Pesachim 65ᵇ דמסגי אא׳ they (the priests) walked alongside the walls on balconies (projecting boards made for them that they should not tread on the blood); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, 32ᶜ bottom of the page מִסְטְוָיוֹת, 5. מִסְטְוָה. ↗ original
אִיסְטְוָונָא (see אִיסְטְבָא) a balcony(Hebrew . Targum 2 Kings 11, 14; 2 Chronicles, Book of 34, 31, and elsewhere נֵיה … the balcony (of his palace). ↗ original
אִיסְטְוָונִית (see אִיסְטְבָא) a system of colonnades, colonnade with double rows, basilica (see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Basilica). Pesachim 13ᵇ א׳ היתה נקראת (the itst’ba of the Temple being of double rows) was called ist’vanith, see אִסְטֵיו, סְטֵיו. Oholoth 18, 9 (edition נִיֹּות … plural). Tosefta Shabbath 1, 4; and frequently—plural אִיסְטְוָונִיֹּות. Oholoth the passage cited, see above.—Tanchuma Mishpatim 14 (edition Buber edition 6 איסטוטין correct accordingly). Tosefta Oh. 18, 12 אִיסְטְוָנוֹת (probably incorr.). ↗ original
אִיסְטַטְיוֹן (στατίων, statio, see Harper’s Lat. Dictionary 1882 under the word Statio 2, B, 4) seat of the fiscal officers in the Roman provinces, also the staff of officers. Bereshith Rabbah section 66 (play on Shulamith Song of Songs 7, the people of Israel שמשלמת אִיסְטַטְיוֹנוֹ של עולם וכ׳ that preserves the (divine) government of the world complete (filling the vacancies) both in this world etc. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to the passage cited איסטטיונרון, read אִיסְטַטְיוֹנָרִין (stationarii) the number of officers (of the divine government). Cmp. צַדִּיק. 5. סְטַטְיוֹנָר↗ original
אִיסטֵיב (Ispeel n. of סב in סבב; compare Biblical Hebrew מֵסֵב, מוּסַב) an extension around the house (gen. with a stone bench) used as workshop or dealer’s shop, portico, colonnade (compare מִסְטוֹבָא). Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 2, beginning 13ᵇ top, R.—drove a pastry dealer מא׳ לא׳ from portico to portico (it being private ground). the same place (ibid.) 3, end, 14ᵇ a window שהיא פתוחה לא׳ וכ׳ opening towards a porch is made only for letting light in. 5. אִיסְטְבָא. ↗ original
אִיסְטֵיו (see the preceding, a. אִיסְטְבָא) colonnade. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 5, 55ᵃ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 3, 66ᵈ bottom of the page; see סְטֵיו. ↗ original
אִיסָטִיס (ἰσάτις, isatis tinctoria) a plant producing a deep blue dye, woad. Shevi'ith 7, 1. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 37ᵇ אסטים (correct accordingly). Bava Kamma 101ᵇ אס׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition סטיס, סטים; correct accordingly). Megillah 4, 7; and frequently ↗ original
אִיסְטְמָא (Hebrew ; Ispe. of √צם) something restraining (the hair from flying), band, chaplet (of woolen and other stuff). Shabbath 57ᵇ (Munich manuscript אצ׳); see בִּזְיוּנֵא. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4, 7, Kilayim 5, 26. steel, see אִסְטְמָא. ↗ original
אִיסְטַפְלִינִין (σταφυλῖνος, οι, Syriac (Peshitta) אסטפלינין Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 301, probably of Semit. orig., rad. טפל) a kind of carrot, parsnip. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 2, end, 50ᵃ bottom of the page Yerushalmi (prefix) Challah 4, 60ᵃ top אִיסְתַּ׳. the same place (ibid.) איסטנינותיא read איסטפנינִיתֵיה his parsnip. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 1, 27ᵃ bottom of the page אסטפלינון R. Sims. to Kilayim 1, 4 (edition corrupt). Tosefta ʿUktsin 1, 1 אסטפונין. ↗ original
אִיסְטְרוֹבִיל (στρόβιλος) cone, also kernel of the stone pine, (nux pinea).—plural אִיסְטְרוֹבְלִין, אִיסְטְרוֹבִילִין etc. Avodah Zarah 1, 5 (13ᵇ and the following); defined ibid. fruit of the cedar (stone pine); and frequently Pesikta Rabbati section 10 אסטרובלית (read לִים— or לוֹת—). (see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Mola) the cone or lower millstone (which is immovable, hence included in the sale of the house). Bava Bathra 4, 3. Zabim 4, 2.—plural אִסְטְרוֹבְלִין, אִיסְטְרוֹבִילֵי etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 28; and elsewhere Kethuboth 69ᵃ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition more correctly בל …, singular). ↗ original
אִיסְטְרוֹבִילוֹסIstrobilos (see the preceding; but probably a corruption of אֲרִיסְטוֹבוּלוֹס). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᶜ bottom of the page (Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, 35ᵇ איסטריבוליא, correct accordingly). ↗ original
אִיסְטְרוֹגֵי masculine plural, a. corruption of אִיסְטַרְטֵיגֵי, see אִסְטַ׳↗ original
אִיסְטְרִידָא (Ispe. of סרד, compare סְרִיד, סְרָדָא etc.) net-work, especially rigging, sail-yard, sails. [If the version אִיסְטְדִירָא, אִסְתְּדִירָא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim to Shabbath 111ᵇ note 2, be correct, it must be derived from סדר; compare Biblical Hebrew סִדְרוֹן, סְדֵרָה.] Shabbath 111ᵇ קטרא דקטרי באי׳ the loop which they make when attaching the sail to the rigging. the same place (ibid.) ודאי׳ גופה and the (permanent) knots in the rigging or ropes. ↗ original
אִיסִיIsi, abbr. of Joseph (see Yoma 52ᵇ הוא יוסף הוא א׳), especially known: 1. b. Y’hudah, an Amora; (see Frankel M’bo, p. 100ᵇ). Chullin 115ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original
אִיסְכֹּולַסְטִיקָא (σχολαστικός, scholasticus; S.; D. C.) scholasticus = causidicus, advocate, pleader. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 7ᵈ; compare Bereshith Rabbah section 64, end, אסקולסטיכא דאורייתא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (transposed or transposition כ a. ק; edition ארכילוסטקיא; correct accordingly) pleader in behalf of the Jewish law.—plural אִיסְכֹּולַסְטִיקֵי. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 9 איסכלוסקי, correct accordingly—אִיסְכֹּולַסְטְקִין Shemoth Rabbah section 43 כקתדרה של אסט׳ (correct accordingly, כו mistaken for ט) like the pulpit of the scholastici. [Also written סְכוֹ׳.] ↗ original
אִיסְכּוּפְיָה א׳ דשילה Iskufia, near Shiloh. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 72ᵈ top, explained תאנת שלה Joshua 16, 6 (σκοπιά; compare Zevachim 118ᵇ, as quoted in Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 881). ↗ original
אִיסְפִּקְלָטוֹר (speculator, spiculator) arm-bearer, especially guardsman of the Roman Emperor; mostly executioner, torturer (see D. C. under the word). Shabbath 108ᵃ. Bamidbar Rabbah section 19. Vayikra Rabbah section 26 ספ׳. Echah Rabbah to 2, 1. see סְפִיקוּלָא. ↗ original
אִיסְפַּרְגּוֹס (ἀσπάραγος) asparagus, also shoots of cabbage, like asparagus in form. Nedarim 6, 10 if one vows abstinence from cabbage אסור בא׳ he is forbidden to eat asparagus (the latter being considered a species of the genus ‘cabbage’). Tosefta Demai 4, 5 לקנב את הא׳ שׁבו to cut off the stalks thereon (and throw the remainder away). asparagus, a beverage of wine or beer with asparagus. Berachoth 51ᵃ. Pesachim 110ᵇ. Kiddushin 70ᵃ אי׳ דקריוה וכ׳ aspar. as the educated call (the morning drink). [Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 34 איספרגוס read אִיסְפַרְגִּיס (σφραγίς) seal, see סְפַרְגִּיס.] ↗ original
אִיסְפַּרְגַּל (Arab. safar-ḡel) ispargal, name of a fruit (called Persæa, Περσαία), plum; others: quince.—plural אִיסְפַּרְגְּלִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 1, 48ᵈ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 1, 27ᵃ, explain. פרישין = persæa. 5. Löw Low, Aramaische Pflanzennamen, Leipzig 1881 pp. 144, 289, a. Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Persæa↗ original
אִיסְקוֹזוּת (Ispeel of קוז = קוץ; compare קְזוֹזוֹת) cutting, in a transferred sense fate, doom; compare גְּזֵירָה. Esther Rabbah to 1, 14 (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) ית …). [Levy Talmud Dictionary under the word אִסְקוֹזוֹת, quotes היו א׳ … מתוקנות, plural] ↗ original
אִיסְקוּנְדְּרֵי (Pers. iskodâr, ἀσκάνδης, σαγγάνδης, ἀστάδης; see Perles Et. St. p. 113) properly despatch-bearers, name of a game, a kind of chess. Kiddushin 21ᵇ באי׳ אטללתו Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (variant reading Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) בסק׳; edition איסקומדרי) you must have played at iskundré (instead of studying). Shevuoth 29ᵃ דילמא איס׳ וכ׳ (Munich manuscript איסקודרי) perhaps he gave them checkers (tokens in game) and passed them for Zuzé. Nedarim 25ᵃ. Cmp. איסקרנדה. ↗ original
איסקריטורי , read אִיסְקְרִיטָרְיֵי masculine plural (σηκρητάριοι, secretarii) the sovereign’s private secretaries (Asecretis, see D. C. Gr. a. Lat. under the word). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, 35ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᶜ איסקבטיריי (correct accordingly). ↗ original
אִיסָר (contracted of איסהר, compare איסתירא, an adapt. of assarius = as) As, a Roman coin, usually 1/24 of a Denar (see Zuckermann Talmudische Munzen und Gewichte, Breslau 1862 Talmud Gew. p. 22 and the following), called א׳ האיטלקיItalian As. Kiddushin 1, 1; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) ibid. 1, 58ᵈ הא׳ אחד מכ"ד וכ׳ the As is 1/24 of the silver Denar.—Transferred coin. Taanith 19ᵇ מדלית א׳ because there was a scarcity of coin.—plural אִיסָרִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 4, 55ᵇ top of the page—Chaldaic (Aramaic) Kiddushin 12ᵃ איסורי read אִיסָרֵי. [Bereshith Rabbah section 42 א׳ לשם אלסר the Assar received its name from Elasar (Genesis 14, 1), commentary or commentaries; see however next word] ↗ original
אִיסָּר properly band, hence vow of abstinence, (compare איסור). Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 1, beginning 36ᶜ.—plural אִיסָּרוֹת, אִיסָּרִין, אֱסָרִין. Ibid. אין לוקין על הא׳ the punishment of lashes is not applied for breaking vows. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 13, 13ᵈ אסורות (correct accordingly). Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 1, 36ᵈ top of the page [אֵיסָר prisoner, see אֵיסוּר.] [Bereshith Rabbah section 42 א׳ לשם אלסר bands (chains) forged for Elasar, see the preceding] ↗ original
אֵיסַרband, chain. plural אֵיסָרִין. Targum Judges 15, 14. vow. Targum Onkelos Numbers 30, 3 (Yerushalmi (prefix) אִיסְרָא); and elsewhere—plural אֵיסָרִין, אֵיסָרֵי. Targum Onkelos Numbers 30, 5; and elsewhere—[Targum Psalms 2, 3 אֱסָרָתָא (some edition אֵסָרוּ׳), see next word] ↗ original
אִיסְרָא 1 , see the preceding—2) אִיסְרָא, אֵיסְרָא; אֵיסַרְתָּא feminine bundle, bunch, sheaf. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 19, 18. Targum Onkelos Genesis 37, 7; and elsewhere—plural אֵיסָרָן, אֵיסָרָתָא. Ibid. (edition also אֵסרא, אֵסרתא). אֱסָרָתָא Targum Psalms 2, 3 (some edition אֵסָרוּ׳) chains; see the preceding↗ original
אִיסְרָא 2 (see סַר) prince, angel, genius. Pesachim 111ᵇ א׳ דמזוני וכ׳ (Munich manuscript שדא, read שרא; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) the genius appointed over sustenance is named Cleanliness. the same place (ibid.) א׳ דעניותא וכ׳ (in manuscript our word omitted) the genius of want is named Filth. Yoma 77ᵃ א׳ דפרסי Munich manuscript (edition שרא, in a passage omitted in many editions, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) the genius of the Persians (Pharsees). ↗ original
איסרתה Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 7, 48ᵈ, see אִיסְרָטָה ↗ original
אִיסְתְּוָורָא (Ithpeel or Ispe. of סְוַר = שָׁוַרto leap, stride; Biblical Hebrew אֲשׁוּר; compare אִסְפֶּירֶס) ankle, foot-step. Targum Job 23, 11; and elsewhere Yevamoth 103ᵃ; Arachin 19ᵇ האי אי׳ עד ארעא נחית (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אסתוו׳) what is called ist’vira (ankle, in an anatomical sense) goes down to the ground (the entire length of the foot from the ankle). Menachoth 33ᵃ, דעבידא כי אי׳ a door turning horizontally like the foot from the ankle.—plural אִיסְתְּוָורִין, רֵי … Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 12, 5; and frequently Cmp. אֲתוּרֵי. ↗ original
אִיסְתִּירָא (contracted of אסתהרא etc., root or radix סהר, צהר; compare אִסְתַּהַר a. אִיסָר) a silver coin, (with זוזא or פשיטא, or supply (understood word) זוזא etc.) equal to a common (provincial) Sela, or half a Zuz. Kethuboth 64ᵃ; Gittin 45ᵇ, see טרפעיקא. Bava Metzia 102ᵇ. Bechoroth 49ᵇ א׳ סורסיא Syriac Istira (see Zuckermann Talmudische Munzen und Gewichte, Breslau 1862 Talmud Münz. p. 27). Kiddushin 11ᵇ.—plural אִיסְתִּירֵי Gittin 14ᵃ א׳ זוזי. Chullin 44ᵇ א׳ פשיטי.—the same place (ibid.) 105ᵃ. Hebr. plural אִיצְטְרָאוֹת. Tosefta Shekalim 2, 4 א׳ של זהב (variant reading אִיסְטְרָאוֹת) gold coins (staters). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 47ᶜ איצטלי (correct accordingly). [Targum 2 Esther 2, 7 יונית אִיסְתֵּירָא, a gloss to ככב נגהא, see אִסְתַּהַר, confounding our word with ἀστήρ.] ↗ original
איפאניטא Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 167, see איפומנימא ↗ original
אֵיפָה 1 Sifra Sh’mini Chaldaic (Aramaic) 7, Parah 6, see חֵיפָה 2↗ original
*אֵיפָה 2 (compare אוֹפִי) character, disposition, temper. Shemoth Rabbah section 40 (play on אֵיפֹה Job 38, 4) הא׳ שלך וכ׳ where was thy predestined temper suspended? (on which limb of Adam’s head, hair etc.?, see preceding passage ibid.). the same place (ibid.) אֵיפָתְךָ. ↗ original
אֵיפָה 3 [batch], Ephah, a dry measure. Sifré Deuteronomy 294, both a small as well as a large Ephah קרויה א׳ is named Ephah.—Menachoth 45ᵇ top אֵיפָתָן the Ephah belonging to the sacrifices; and frequently—plural אֵיפוֹת. Ibid. ↗ original
אִיפּוּמָא (see פומא) mouth, orifice, especially sky-light (impluvium). Eruvin 100ᵃ דהוה סליק בא׳ Munich manuscript (edition והוה) (a palm-tree) which grew up through the impluvium. Kiddushin 81ᵃ. Chullin 51ᵃ ↗ original
אֶיפְטָא (ἑπτά) seven. Bereshith Rabbah section 14, beginning; and elsewhere 5. אֵיטָא. ↗ original
אִיפַּטְיָא (ὑπατεία) properly Roman consulship, consulate, in gen. era, dating from accession to government or an other important event. Vayikra Rabbah section 36 נמנה בא׳ של מלכים (Ahaz) was counted under the era of kings (under whom Isaiah prophesied). Bamidbar Rabbah beginning ואיזה א׳—איזה יום what day, month, year and era (from the exodus from Egypt.). Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Baḥod. p. 104ᵃ היו מונין א׳ וכ׳ count ye a new era from my son’s redemption. the same place (ibid.) Haḥod. p. 52ᵇ and the following he wrote her marriage contract וכתב לה א׳ in which he stated the era of his government. ↗ original
אִיפָּטִיקוֹס (incorr. איפוט׳, איפיט׳) masculine (ὑπατικός) consularis, Emperor’s delegate, viceroy. Mechilta Beshallach Amalek, 2, א׳ מבטל וכ׳ the Hypaticus annuls it over his (the Hegemon’s) hand (ignoring his authority).—plural אִיפָּטִיקִין. Tanchuma (edition Buber edition), Vayesheb 2 אפסיקין (correct accordingly, see note 4). 5. היפטיקוס. ↗ original
אִיפְּכָא (אפך) the reverse, opposite. Bechoroth 5ᵃ, and frequently אנן א׳ מתנינן לה our version is the reverse. Chullin 20ᵇ, and frequently אדרבא א׳ מסתברא, see אַדְּרַבָּא. Rosh Hashanah 20ᵃ; and very frequently ↗ original
אִיפַּסְטְלִין (אֲפִיצְטְלִין Musafia) masculine plural (pastilli) lozenges, pills of sugar. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 2. see פִּיצְטְלִין, פּסְטילוֹס; compare Yalkut Shimoni Song of Songs 981. ↗ original
אִיפַּרְכָא (ὕπαρχος, ἔπαρχος) prefect of a province or town; governor, lieutenant. Bereshith Rabbah section 11; and very frequently—plural אִיפַּרְכִין, אִפַּ׳; אִפַּרְכֵי, אִיפַּרְכַיָּא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 11, 28. Targum Esther 1, 3; and elsewhere—Shevuoth 6ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original
אִיצָא 1 (אוץ) ozier, prickly twigs. Gittin 69ᵇ א׳ רטיבא וכ׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אִצָּא) green twigs with which the river is dammed in (figur. for diarrhœa stopped). Cmp. הוּצָא. ↗ original
אִיצָא 2 (אוץ, אצץ) squeezing, pressure. Yevamoth 121ᵇ top, אגב איצצא מזקי (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) איצא) on account of the pressure (which the falling person exercises on the serpents in the pit) they injure him. Shabbath 144ᵇ דאתי בתר איצצא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition איצצתא; Munich manuscript אִיצִיצָא) (the juice) which oozes out of the grapes through the pressure of their non weight. Moed Katan 11ᵃ salted fish made fit for immediate use אגב א׳ by squeezing (and washing) out the salt.—plural אִיצְצֵי. the same place (ibid.) שיתין א׳ sixty times pressed and washed. in a transferred sense depression, depreciation in the market; [other opinion deterioration of quality]. Kethuboth 100ᵇ אע"ג דנפל ביה איצצתא (read דנפלא; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) דהוי ביה איצא, Rashi איצצא) though there is a risk of depreciation (on account of large supply for the festive season) [or of getting sour]. ↗ original
אִיצְטַדִּין feminine (orig. masculine plural, Ithp. of צדי which see; supply (understood word) שדה etc.) a place full of ruins. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 2, 22ᵇ את רואה את הא׳ כילו וכ׳ you look upon the debris near Tiberias as etc. (compare אלסיס).—*plural איצְטַדִּינִין. Bava Bathra 103ᵇ א׳ מהו if the stones in the field are debris, how is it? [Comment. different interpretation or differently interpreted] cacophemism for theatre (a place of destruction). [The prevailing versions are אצטרין, אסטרין which see] ↗ original
איצטיוראן Tosefta Bava Kamma 6, 28, read אצטבא or אצטווא. ↗ original
אִיקוֹן common gender (εἰκών) likeness, portrait, iconic statue. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 5, 3.—plural Hebrew אִיקוֹנִין, אִיקוֹנוֹת; Chaldaic (Aramaic) אִיקוֹנַיָּא, אִיקוֹנָתָא. Shemoth Rabbah section 30 (של מלך) א׳ emperor’s statues; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, beginning 42ᵇ איקוניות, איקינות read אִיקוֹנוֹת. the same place (ibid.) 42ᶜ top; and elsewhere 5. אִיקוֹנִין. [Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 15, 17, see אִיקוֹנְיָא.] ↗ original
אִיקוֹנוֹמוֹס (οἰκόνομος) steward, town-clerk (a slave). Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 9, beginning 12ᵃ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 4, 14ᶜ bottom of the page איקומנוס (correct accordingly). Bava Bathra 68ᵇ אינקלמוס, אנקולמוס, אנקל׳, אונק׳ (popul. corruption). ↗ original
*אִיקוֹנְיָא 1 (plural of εἰκόνιον) statuary. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 15 (referring to Isaiah 31, 9, applied to the Roman empire or emperor) ‘his rock’ זה א׳ this means the statues with the likenesses of the emperors (see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Statuary). ↗ original
*אִיקוֹנְיָא 2 (plural as a collect. noun) (denominative of אִיקוֹן) a procession in which portable images are carried. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 17 א׳ של מלאכים וכ׳ a procession of angels passes before man and they cry, Make room לאיקוניה של וכ׳ (read לְאִקוֹנָיו or לְאִיקוֹנוֹת; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 670; Devarim Rabbah section 4 לאִיקוֹנִין) for the images of the Lord (man being created in the image of God). Devarim Rabbah the passage cited או׳ מהלכת (correct accordingly). ↗ original
אִיקָנוֹס (ἱκανός) worthy, fit; wealthy. Yalkut Shimoni Job 919. sufficient, see אַקְסְיוֹס. ↗ original
אִיקָר (= Hebrew יְקָר, see אִי־) honor, glory.—Targum Proverbs 11, 16; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 2ᵈ איקרִי וכ׳ my honor counts for nothing before the honor of my Maker. the same place (ibid.) 2, 4ᵇ מה את פליג ליה א׳ (not אתפליג) what honor dost thou pay it (by passing by)?; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 2, 47ᵃ top of the page—Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 8, 21ᵇ bottom of the page פרנסה דא׳ an honorable livelihood. Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 1, 76ᵈ top איגרא דא׳, see אִיגְּרָא.—plural אִיקְרִיןpresents, greetings. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 41ᵈ (some edition איקלין). ↗ original
אִירָא (אור, compare חור) white substance, undyed wool or cotton. Shabbath 11ᵇ; (Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 8 missing). the same place (ibid.) 79ᵃ דוגמא לא׳ a sample color for the wool (given to the dyer).—plural אִירִין. Bava Kamma 119ᵇ, the remnants of wool in the hands of the dyer. [R. Hanan. reads אִידָּא which see] [Tosefta Kelim Bava Bathra 1, 4 אִירָה; Kelim 21, 1 עִירָה.] ↗ original
אֵירוּס 1 (supposed to be = ἴρις) Erus, a lily with an aromatic root. Kilayim 5, 8, explained Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 30ᵃ bottom of the page אִירְסַיָּה (plural of אִירְסָא, see Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus under the word). Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3, 13. Oholoth 8, 1. ↗ original
אֵירוּס 2 (probably from its use, see ארס a. deriv.) erus, a musical instrument used at weddings and funerals, drum, taboret. Sotah 9, 14 על האי׳—גזרו the use of the erus at weddings was interdicted; see explained Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 49ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 24ᶜ top of the page Kelim 15, 6 הא׳ (used at funerals). ↗ original
אִישׁ , see אֱינָשׁ) being, man; husband; lord.—א׳ ירושלים a native or citizen of Jerusalem Aboth 1, 4; and frequently—Yoma 1, 7 אִישִׁי כה"ג my lord the High-priest. Sotah 17ᵃ א׳ ואשה husband and wife; and frequently—plural אֲנָשִׁים, see אֱנוֹשׁ. ↗ original
אִישֶּׁה , see אֵשׁ) burnt-offering.— plural אִישִּׁים, אִשִּׁ׳. Nedarim 13ᵃ. Zevachim 5, 4 כליל לא׳ altogether to be burnt; and frequently ↗ original
אִישֹׁון construct state (see אֲשַׁן a. Biblical Hebrew אִישֹׁון) essence, exact time, season. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 18, 5. the same place (ibid.) 28, 10; and frequently (in Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan)).—plural אֲשׁוּנֵי, אִשׁוּנֵי. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 15, 25; Deuteronomy 31, 10. Cmp. אֵיתָן. ↗ original
אִישּׁוּר (see אָשַׁר, Pi. praise, adoration. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 8, 11 אישורְךָ היא it is thy praise. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 3, 54ᵃ top, with ten var. expressions of praise are the psalms headed באי׳ with the word ashré, etc.—2) (see אָשַׁרPi'el 1) legal attestation. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 1, 8ᵃ bot; see אַשָּׁרָא. [Some edition אֵישֶׁר.]. ↗ original
אִישׁוּת (see אִישׁ) matrimony, marital state. Avodah Zarah 36ᵇ דאורייתא א׳ דרך חתנות biblically intermarriage with gentiles is forbidden only in the way of legal marriage (opposite concubinage, etc.). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 59ᶜ bottom of the page שִׁפְחוּת אחר א׳ servitude after marriage, i.e. a father selling his daughter after she had been married and had returned to her parental home in widowhood etc. Yevamoth 76ᵃ, and frequently לשום א׳ with the intention of establishing a matrimonial relation. ↗ original
אַיְשַׁר (Af'el of אֲשַׁר) good luck! Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 4, 35ᵇ what means ‘we salute them’? Ans. (Saying) אי׳ good luck. the same place (ibid.) איי׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, 64ᵇ bottom of the page; and elsewhere ↗ original
אֶישְׁתָּא (= שִׁיתָּא) six. Targum I Chronicles 12, 24; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 8, 22ᶜ bottom of the page אמתא א׳ a cubit has six handbreadths. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 1, end, 19ᵈ חד מן א׳ one sixth. the same place (ibid.) 10, 28ᵇ top אש׳ ירחין six months.—plural אַשְׁתִּיןsixty. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 12, 16. Cmp. אֲשִׁיתָּא. ↗ original
אִיתְ־ formative prefix, see אִתְ־. [Words not found here below, will be found under אִתְ־.] ↗ original
אִית properly being, existence, hence there is, are; est qui etc. Targum Genesis 18, 24; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 6, end, 10ᵈ א׳ תניי תני וכ׳ one Tannai reads … Rosh Hashanah 11ᵇ, and frequently כדאיתא as it is, i.e. as stated.—אית לי I have, I hold (the opinion).—Sanhedrin 90ᵃ, and frequently מר כדאית ליה וכ׳ the one in accordance with the opinion he holds, and the other etc.—Bava Metzia 5ᵃ, and frequently אם איתא לדר׳ … if the opinion of R. … has (had) any substance, i.e. if we must adopt his authority.—Yoma 41ᵃ מאי א׳ לך למימר what hast thou to reply?—Bava Metzia 3ᵃ מאי א׳ לי גבי וכ׳ what have I to do with the hired man?—Yevamoth 116ᵃ כי אִיתְנֵכוּ בש׳ when ye are in Shili etc.—Compounds אית־כא, contracted אִיכָּא; לא איתא contracted לֵיתָא. [אִיתָאִי, אִיתִי, my existence, I am = Hebrew עוֹדִי. Targum Psalms 104, 33; and elsewhere] Cmp. אִיתַי. ↗ original
אִיתָּא (compare אִית a. אִישׁ; = Hebrew אִשָּׁה; (compare אִנְתָּא) woman, wife. Targum Genesis 2, 22; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 5, end, 52ᵃ חדא איתא a certain woman. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, 64ᵇ bottom of the page איתה. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᶜ bottom of the page איתתֵיה דאבוהי his father’s wife, step-mother (fig. for Babylon); and frequently ↗ original
אִיתּוּ (the preceding) = Hebrew אִישׁוּתmatrimony; לא׳ in matrimony, as wife. Targum Genesis 12, 19; and frequently ↗ original
אִיתוּcome ye!, Imper. of אֲתָא.—[Pesachim 50ᵃ איתו אנן, see אִיתַי.] ↗ original
*אִיתַי , אִיתַיי (plural of אִית) there is, there are. Daniel 2, 10; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 10, 39ᶜ ל׳ יום לא איתיי (Yerushalmi (prefix) Makkoth 1, 31ᵃ … איתי) a loan on thirty days does not exist, i.e. does not come within the rule whereby a creditor may secure collection by announcing legal action before the Sabbath year limitation takes effect.—*Pesachim 50ᵃ כי היכי דאיתו אנן אִיתִינָן וכ׳ (read דאיתי or דאיתינן; Munich manuscript אתינן; different interpretation or differently interpreted version see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) as we are esteemed here (in this world) so are we there (in the world of the beatified). ↗ original
*אִיתְּיַטְרוֹן (see תִּיאַטְרוֹן) theatre. Targum Ezek. 27, 6 (edition Vienna edition אִתְיָטְרוּן). ↗ original
אִיתֵּימָא (= אִית, אִיתַי a. אֲמָא) some say.—שׁמואל וא׳ ר׳ יוחנן Samuel or, as some say, R. Johan. Betzah 6ᵃ; and frequently [Diff. frequently ואי תימא.] ↗ original
אִיתְכָּלָא (const. אִיתְכַּל) masculine = Hebrew אֶשְׁכֹּל (which see) bunch of grapes. Targum Numbers 13, 24; and elsewhere—plural אִיתְכָּלִין, אַתְכָּ׳, אִיתְכָּלַיָּיא. Targum I Samuel 25, 18; and elsewhere—Transferred scholars, opposite עילייא (leaves), the untutored. Chullin 92ᵃ ליבעי רחמי וכ׳ let the grapes pray for the leaves (the scholars for the untutored); for but for the leaves, the grapes could not exist. 5. אֶשְׁכֹּל. ↗ original
אִיתְּמָל = Hebrew אֶתְמוֹלyesterday. Targum Exodus 4, 10; and elsewhere—Eruvin 15ᵃ; and elsewhere ↗ original
אֵיתָןessence, permanent or normal condition. Niddah 48ᵇ חזר לאֵיתָנוֹ obtained again its normal condition. Sotah 36ᵇ שבה קשתו לא׳ his membrum resumed its normal condition. (Cmp. Exodus 14, 27). adjective essential, strong. Rosh Hashanah 11ᵃ א׳ לישנא דתקיפי ethan means strong.— plural אֵיתָנִים. the same place (ibid.) אֵיתָנֵי עולם the mighty of the world (patriarchs). Bereshith Rabbah section 98 (play on ăthono Genesis 49, 11) בנים אֵתָנִים וכ׳ mighty sons (heroes) are destined to descend from him. proper noun river Ethan. Sukkah 18ᵃ (Munich manuscript נתן); and elsewhere ↗ original
אִיתְנִיס (= אתנסיס, אתנסס, see נסס; or Ithpeel of נוס or ניס) to be taken sick. Shabbath 145ᵇ אִיתְנַסִּי (Munich manuscript אִיתְנַיֵּיס אִיתְנַיְּיסִיIthpaal) I should have grown sick; (manuscript Oxf. איסתכני I should have been in danger). Git. 56ᵃ אִתְנִיסָא (or אִתְנַיְּסָה) she grew sick (from aversion), fainted. Cmp. אִיסְתְּנִיס. [אִיתְנִיס = אִתְאֲנִיס, see אֲנַס.] ↗ original
אַךְ 1only, but. Pesachim 5ᵃ אך חלק the word akh (Exodus 12, 15 ‘but on the first [preceding] day’) intimates a division of the day between two categories as to the laws concerning that day. Kerith 7ᵃ; and frequently—Pl. (אַכִּים) אַכִּיןthe word akh in the Biblical texts. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 14ᵇ bottom of the page, and elsewhere א׳ ורקין מיעוטין the akh and the rak intimate limiting qualifications. ↗ original
אַךְ 2 (see אָנַךְaffliction, calamity. Bava Metzia 59ᵇ; see חֲכָךְ. Bereshith Rabbah section 32, end; Tanchuma Noah 9, edition Buber edition 3, compare the preceding↗ original
*אַךְ 3 = אֵיךְ, only with חדאtogether. Targum Proverbs 22, 18 (edition Vienna edition אֵיךְ). ↗ original
אַכְאָבִית ² (כאב) fever connected with pains, חמה וא׳, a version for אַבְאָבִית; which see ↗ original
אֲכָאטֵיס (ἀχάτης) agate. Shemoth Rabbah section 38, end (edition אבאטיס correct accordingly). ↗ original
*אָכוּז (כוז, see כּוּז) [hollow, arched pitcher], euphem. for buttocks or extremity (testicles etc.). Bechoroth 6, 6 (40ᵃ) ע׳. Eruvin 53ᵇ (question as to spelling) א׳ or ע? (Munich manuscript אבוד, עבוד, Rashi אבוז, עבוז; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). 5. Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus under the word כוז 1691 and the following 5. אֵבוּז, הַרְגִּיז. ↗ original
אֲכוּזָא Chaldaic (Aramaic) (see the preceding) = כּוּזָא. Taanith 20ᵇ Munich manuscript, edition כוזא. ↗ original
אִכּוּםK’far Iccum. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 29ᶜ (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 110ᵇ כ׳ עַכֹּו; Joseph. B. J. 2, 20, 6 Καφαρεκχώ); Tanchuma (edition Buber edition) Bereshith 25 עכו (variant reading איכוס); Chullin 55ᵇ עִיכּוּם; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 7, 21ᶜ bottom of the page אמוס (correct accordingly; Babylonian Sotah 37ᵇ עכו). ↗ original
אַכְוַנְגַּר (Pers. Khʷangar, Khʷalgar, Fleisher, appendix to Levys Targumic or Talmudic Lexicon) table-steward, seneschal. Kethuboth 61ᵃ כו׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אטורנגא read אַכְוַונְגְּרָא; variant reading in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) כונדקא, correct accordingly).—plural אַכְוַנְגְּרֵי. Moed Katan 12ᵃ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אכנ׳, edition אבו׳, correct accordingly, Munich manuscript אכוורנ׳, compare Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage), a. vol. 8, p. 75). [Pesachim 40ᵇ Munich manuscript בורדיקאי, edition בורדיקי, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) כוורדקי, probably corruption of our word] ↗ original
אַכְוַרְנְקָא (see the preceding; Pers. Khorengah, Arab. Khawarnak, Fleisher, appendix to Levys Targumic or Talmudic Lexicon) dining place, dining hall in the garden. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 32, 50, א׳ … קי דמלכיא a royal banqueting hall (put up for the wedding). Taanith 14ᵇ; Megillah 5ᵇ (distinguishing between בנין, erection of a building, and נטיעה, putting up a temporary structure), what is meant by ‘putting up a tent of joy?’—זה הנוטע אכ׳ של מלכים Munich manuscript (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) כ׳; edition אב׳, correct accordingly) it means one putting up a regal banqueting tent (for his son’s wedding). Eruvin 25ᵇ אכ׳ וכ׳ (edition אב׳) the Resh Gelutha was to have a banquet (on a Sabbath) in his garden. ↗ original
אַכְזִיב (Biblical Hebrew) Achzib (Ecdippa, Ecdippon), a sea-town in Northern Palestine. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 5, 36ᵇ bottom of the page he who travels מעכו לא׳ (Git. 7ᵇ; Tosefta Oh. 18, 14 מעכו לכְזִיב) from Acco (Ptolemais) to Ach. (Chezib). ↗ original
אַכְזָר , see אַכְזָרִי. Denom. Nithpa. נִתְאַכְזָרto show one’s self merciless. Bamidbar Rabbah section 8. ↗ original
אַכְזְרִיּוּת (Biblical Hebrew) cruelty, severity; strict justice. Sukkah 14ᵃ; Bamidbar Rabbah section 10 (p. 239, edition Amsterdam edition) מדת א׳ the divine justice. Bamidbar Rabbah section 9, see אַכְזָרִי.—Esther Rabbah to 1, 15 שלא כדת אלא בא׳ not according to law but with cruelty. ↗ original
אכטא , Avodah Zarah 34ᵇ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see אַבְטָא ↗ original
אָכְטָא (ὀκτώ) eight. Bereshith Rabbah section 14 beginning; and elsewhere; see אִיטָא. Tanchuma (edition Buber edition) B’midb. 21 אקטו. ↗ original
אֲכָיָיאAchaia, the Roman province including Peloponnesus and northern Greece, south of Thessaly. Targum I Chronicles 1, 7 אכזווייא (variant reading איטליון); Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 10, 4 אכזיא; Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᵇ bottom of the page אביא (Bereshith Rabbah section 37 איטליא), (for Biblical Hebrew כִּתִּים). [Sifré Numbers 131 אביא, see אסיא.] ↗ original
אֲכִילָהeating, food, meal, dish. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, 4ᵃ top, and elsewhere אֲכִילַת בן דרוסא (דרוסאי, דור׳) the food Ben D’rosa used to eat, i.e. third done. Yoma 80ᵇ א׳ גסה excessive meal. the same place (ibid.) 81ᵃ, and frequently א׳ בכזית wherever אכל (to eat) is mentioned in the Bible text, the size of an olive is meant. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 3, 19ᵇ top אכילת מזבח the consumption (of sacrifices) on the altar. Zevachim 31ᵇ; and frequently א׳ פרס, see פְּרָס. Kilayim 2, 10, see אָכְלָה 2.—plural אֲכִילוֹת. Pesachim 78ᵃ. Bereshith Rabbah section 86, beginning (play on אוכיל Hosea 11, 4) א׳ הרבה (some edition אוביל—אבילות correct accordingly) purveyances↗ original
אֲכִילְתָּא Targum I Kings 19, 8 (edition Vienna edition אֲכִילָתָא). ↗ original
אָכֵין (see כֵּן) thus, in this manner. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 3, 6ᵃ א׳ בר נש וכ׳ is it thus man deals with his neighbor? Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 2, 26ᶜ bottom of the page אתמול אמרת א׳ וכ׳ yesterday thou saidst so, and to-day thou sayest otherwise; and frequently 5. הָכֵין. ↗ original
אָכַל √אך to rub, to gnaw, eat, consume. Inf. in Yerushalmi (prefix) frequently לוֹכַל = לֶאֱכוֹל. Berachoth 1, 1; and very frequently in a transferred sense to absorb, occupy, take away. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 7, 38ᵃ בשרבית אוֹכֶלֶת בו when interests gnaw on (absorb) the property. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 4, 21ᵈ bottom of the page ד׳ אמות אוֹכְלוֹת וכ׳ four cubits entering into the area of Tiberias. Bamidbar Rabbah section 4 כמה לוחות אוֹכְלוֹת how much space did the tablets occupy etc.? Bava Bathra 14ᵃ (interchanging with איגרות, variant reading אוגדות, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 5, 6). (euphem.) to sleep with. Kethuboth 5, 9, different interpretation or differently interpreted of opinion the same place (ibid.) 65ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 30ᵇ top a. bottom of the page Nif'al נִפְעַל נֶאֱכַלto be eaten etc. Zevachim 1, 3; Berachoth 1, 1; and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל אִיכֵּלto consume, burn. Tamid 1, 4 המְאוּכָּלוֹת הפנימיות (Talmud edition המעו׳) the thoroughly lighted coals in the centre; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 2, 39ᶜ Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶאֱכִילto give to eat, cause to eat. Kethuboth 5, 3 היבם אינו מַאֵכִיל וכ׳ the Yabam does not transfer the privilege of eating T’rumah to his sister-in-law. Kiddushin 31ᵃ יש מאכיל וכ׳ one may feed his father on pheasants etc.; and frequently Hithpa'el a. Nithpa'el הִתְאַכֵּל, נִתְאַכֵּלto be consumed, burnt up, digested. Berachoth 8, 7 עד כדי שיִתְאַכֵּל וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition שיתע׳) until the food is digested (or absorbed) in his bowels. Tamid 2, 1; and elsewhere to be worn off, spent. Sanhedrin 6, 12 Yerushalmi (prefix) edition נתא׳ הבשר (Mishnah the same place (ibid.) 6, 6 נתע׳) when the flesh of the corpse was gone. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 4 שלא נתא׳ אחת מהן none of them was worn off. Kiddushin 59ᵃ נתא׳ המעות the money was spent; and elsewhere ↗ original
אֲכַלsame.—Inf. מֵיכַל, מֵיכוּל. Targum Genesis 2, 16; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, 46ᵃ כד אתון יֵיכלון when they came and were about eating; the same place (ibid.) (more corrupted) אתון מיכל; and frequently with קרצי properly to eat (the bread of) destruction, eat the informer’s bread, hence to inform against. Daniel 3, 8; 6, 25.—Targum Psalms 15, 3; and frequently—Gittin 56ᵃ איכול בהו קו׳; Echah Rabbah to 4, 2 איכול קרצהון I will inform against them. Af'el הִפְעִיל אוֹכַל, אַיְיכַלto give to eat, to support. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 10, 47ᵇ bottom of the page אוכלה ליה he gave it to him to eat. Bereshith Rabbah section 48, end (read:) אוכלית אשקית לוי hast thou given (thy guest) to eat? to drink? do escort him, i.e. perform thy duties fully. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 61ᵇ הוה מייכל לאבוי וכ׳ fed his father on etc.; and frequently Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְאֲכַל, אִתְאֲכִיל, , אִתְאָכִילto be eaten, consumed. Targum Psalms 68, 23; and frequently Tanchuma Emor, 6 ומה דהבא מִתְאֲכִיל וכ׳; Vayikra Rabbah section 27 ומה זה וכ׳ what is this? do they eat gold etc.? Kiddushin 59ᵃ קא מתאכלי were eaten up (spent). [אכלי Af'el of כליto cry, see כלי.] ↗ original
אֲכַל 2 (sec. root or radix of כול) to measure. Nedarim 51ᵃ ליכיל לי מר please measure for me. Ruth Rabbah introduction 2. הא … סאה תקום אכול (read סאתה קום) here is the bag and here the measure, get up and fill it; see כּוּל. ↗ original
אַכָּלָא (אכל) eater. Targum Judges 14, 14. ↗ original
אַכְלָאִין , Targum Psalms 104, 21 manuscript, edition אכלין, see כְּלִיto cry. ↗ original
אַכְלְבָא (כלב; see Ges. H. Dictionary under the word; compare כְּלוּב, כְּלִיבָה; variant reading lect. אַכְלְכָא, see below) shed, store-room. Bava Metzia 63ᵇ חיטי … באַכְלְבָאִי (see variant reading lect. in Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage); manuscripts a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אכלכא) would my wheat have gone to ruin in my granary? Taanith 24ᵃ (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)).—plural אַכְלְבֵי. Gittin 56ᵃ אכלבא … שתין א׳ וכ׳ one shed of wheat requires sixty sheds of wood (for baking). Bava Metzia 72ᵇ חיטי דא׳ (Munich manuscript באכלכי, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) wheat stored in granaries etc. ↗ original
אָכְלָה 1 , (אכל) א׳ טִינָאmud-eater, name of a parasitic worm in fishes. Bava Bathra 73ᵇ (Munich manuscript אבל׳ טינא; other var., see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). ↗ original
אָכְלָה 2 (אָכֵל 2) occupied space. Kilayim 2, 10 Yerushalmi (prefix) edition אָכְלַת הגפן (Mishnah edition אֲכִילַת; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 28ᵃ אוֹכְלַת) the soil occupied by the vine roots, א׳ הקבר the ground needed for the formation of the cave, i.e. as far as the roots etc. extend. ↗ original
אָכַם (√כם; compare חם) to be sun-burnt, black, dark-colored. Nithpa'el to be blackened. נִתְאַכֵּם. Sotah 15ᵇ נִתְאַכְּמוּ פניו the outside of the pot grew black (variant reading נתפחמו). ↗ original
אַכְסַדְרָא (ἐξέδρα, exedra) (Greek) a covered place in front of the house; (Roman) recess, parlor, hall for conversations and discussions. Targum Judges 3, 23. [plural Targum Psalms 104, 3, see אִינְדְּרָא.] Bava Bathra 11ᵇ א׳ דבי רב the hall of the school house (philosophers’ exedra, see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word), contradistinguished to א׳ רומייתא (manuscript Oxf. דרומיתא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 10) Roman exedra (open but surrounded by a railing). the same place (ibid.) 25ᵃ; 25ᵇ עולם לא׳ וכ׳ the world resembles an exedra the northernmost side of which is not covered (מסוככת Munich manuscript, edition מסובבת not surrounded); and frequently—plural אַכְסַדְרָאוֹת. Tamid 28ᵇ א׳ של בנין exedras forming, or belonging to, a structure (opposite to open exedra with plants). ↗ original
אכסי Tosefta Kelim Bava Kamma 7, 4 א׳ קמטרא, read with Rabbenu Shimshon to Kelim 10, 1 עף [אף] כסוי קמטרא also the lid of a chest. ↗ original
אָכְסִיגָרוֹן (ὀξύγαρον, oxygarum) a sauce of vinegar and garum; in gen. a sauce of all kinds of vegetables. Berachoth 35ᵇ bottom of the page Munich manuscript (edition אנס׳); Yoma 76ᵃ; Shevuoth 23ᵃ. Tosefta Betzah 2, 16. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 8, 38ᵃ top אָקְסִי׳; Tosefta Terumoth 9, 10; the same place (ibid.) Shevi'ith 6, 3 סְנִיגְרוֹן.—plural אָכְסִיגָרִיֹּות, abbreviated or abbreviation סִגָּרִיֹּותvegetable sauces, vegetables used for oxygarum. Shevi'ith 9, 5 edition (variant reading סנריות, סנדיות, סגדיות, Munich manuscript הנידיות); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 7, 13 אגוטרי read אָגְזוּגָרִין; Sifra B’har Parah 2 Chaldaic (Aramaic) 3 סנדריות (Rabad סנדיות; correct accordingly). [Koheleth Rabbah to 11, 9 ארגסטירין read אוֹגְסִיגָרִין.] ↗ original
אַכְסְיוֹמָא (ἀξίωμα) request, petition. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 6, end אחרים מקבלים אנ׳ וכ׳ (corrupted אכ׳) others receive the petition presented to him אני איני מבקש אלא אנסיומין שלי (correct accordingly, insert שאתה תקבל) I only ask that thou mayest receive my petition thyself. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 102 אל תתן א׳ שלי בתוכה (read שלו); [the entire passage is obscure and seems out of place]. ↗ original
*אִכְסֵן (denominative of אַכְסָן 2) to harbor a guest. Nithpa'el נִתְאַכְסֵן to be received; to lodge with. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 116. ↗ original
אַכְסָן (transpos. of אסכנא, see סִכָּא; Hebrew weaver’s pin. Targum Judges 16, 13; 14; and frequently—*Shabbath 151ᵇ אפי׳ מליא כא׳ דגרדאי manuscript Oxf. a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition כאביסנא; Munich manuscript מלי אכסניא וגרדאי) even if the painting stick is as thick (with paint) as a weaver’s pin. ↗ original
אַכְסְנָאִי (deriv. of אַכְסַנְיָא) stranger, guest, lodger; also (ξένος) hired soldier. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 2, end 20ᵇ יֵעָשֶׂה כא׳ let him be considered as a stranger (transient lodger). Tosefta Shevi'ith 5, 21 אכסנא some edition (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) אַכְסְנָיִין plural) soldier, see אַכְסַנְיָא 3).—Arachin 16ᵇ א׳ דאקראי an occasional guest. the same place (ibid.) א׳ פוגם ונפגם a traveller (constantly changing his lodging place) discredits others a. himself; and frequently—plural אַכְסְנָיִין (see above), אַכְסְנִין Vayikra Rabbah section 27.—אַכְסְנֵי, אַכְסְנַיָּא, אַכְסְנָאֵי. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 47, 21 א׳ גילולאי exiled strangers. Bereshith Rabbah section 50 הב לאילין א׳ give these travellers etc.—*אַכְסָנִים. Bamidbar Rabbah section 10 (p. 239ᶜ edition Amsterdam edition) מנהג הא׳ custom of hospitality [probably אכסניא]. ↗ original
*אַכְסַנְדַּרְיָא (see אלכסנדרית) an Alexandrian merchantman (Alexandria navis); in a transferred sense a high mast (satyrically for cross, gallows). Targum 2, Esther 7, 10 the son of Hamdatha wants to ascend לא׳ דבר פנדירא (manuscript לאַלַכְסַ׳) the mast of the son of Pandira (is to be hanged). Nega'im 12, 1 באכסנדריא (marginal version in Mishn. edit., text אסקריא, variant reading אסדא, אכסדיא, אסכדיא which see) in the rigging↗ original
אַכְסַנְיָא (ξενία) hospitality, lodging. Shemoth Rabbah section 35 א׳ נעשו וכ׳ (Pesachim 118ᵇ, corrupted acc) they were a lodging place to my children in Egypt (they offered hospitality to etc.).—בעל א׳ host. Pesikta Rabbati section 11; compare אוּשְׁפִּיזְכָן.—Bava Metzia 85ᵃ תורה מחזרת על א׳ שלה scholarship likes to come around to its inn again (to be hereditary in the family); and frequently (= בעלת א׳) hostess. Bava Metzia 87ᵃ one must inquire בא׳ שלו after the health of his hostess. quarter given to troops on march or to transient poor men; also the passing troop, or the passing poor; (individ.) beggar. Targum Job 31, 32; and elsewhere—Bava Bathra 11ᵇ א׳ לפי בני אדם the quartering (of soldiers takes place) in proportion to the number of inmates (of each house). Demai 3, 1; see Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 23ᵇ top of the page Tosefta Shevi'ith 5, 21 אין מאכילין אכסניין וכ׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading את אכסניא) you are not allowed to give … to soldiers quartered with you. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᵇ ההן א׳ עלובתא this poor beggar. the same place (ibid.) א׳ עלו׳ poor beggars. Vayikra Rabbah section 34. Echah Rabbah to 1, 1 (חד מירו׳) בר נש א׳ a poor man. a gathering of scholars entertained by the hospitable of the place. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 8ᵇ top נפיק לא׳ leaving for the scholars’ meeting. Babylonian Berachoth 63ᵇ פתח בכבוד א׳ opened his speech in honor of hospitality to scholars. ↗ original
אַכְסַנְיָאוּת (see the preceding) stranger’s condition, exile. Sotah 36ᵇ soldier’s pay. Mechilta Beshallach Shirah 4; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 246; and elsewhere (interchanging with אפסניא which see). ↗ original
*אכספטיאס , Chullin 66ᵇ, Avodah Zarah 39ᵃ אקונס ואפונס … וא׳ (see variant reading lect. Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)), Tosefta Chullin 3 (4), 27 קולייס ופולמוס כספתיאס אכנס וכ׳, restore (א)קולייס ופילמוס (א)כסיפיאס (כסיפייס) ואתניאס (ואתנייס) וכ׳ κολίας, πήλαμυς, ξίφιας, ἀθνίας, names of fishes (see Greek Dictionary) Colias, Pelamys, Xiphias, Athnias and Thunny; see אֲטוּנָס. ↗ original
אכסרא Tosefta Oholoth 18, 5, see אסכדיא a. אכסנדריא.—[5. also next word] ↗ original
אַכְסָרָה (used as adverb; a compound or composed of אך a. סרחless or more, see נכי) in a lump, on measuring by sight. Demai 2, 5 (Munich manuscript אסכרא); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 23ᶜ מוכרן א׳ he sells them in a lump (as many as there may be). Maʿǎser Sheni 4, 2. Sifra B’ḥukk. Parah 4, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 10; and elsewhere ↗ original
אָכַף (Biblical Hebrew אָכַף, √כף, see כפף), denomin. of אוכָּף, to ride on a saddled ass. Niddah 14ᵃ הא דמֵיכַף וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition דמַכַּף = מְאַכַּף Pa'el) in the one case it means that he rides on a saddled ass. [מיכף Sanhedrin 36ᵃ, see כּוּף.] ↗ original
אַכְפָּא (see the preceding) load, weight. Bava Bathra 69ᵃ אבני דא׳ stones to weight the sheaves down to protect them from the wind. a contrivance to carry loads, as a hand-barrow or hand-basket. Shabbath 66ᵇ חמרא דא׳, see אָנְקִטְמִין. Betzah 30ᵃ (var. אכיתפאon the shoulder, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)). ↗ original
אִכְפַּת (אכף; compare Biblical Hebrew אֶכֶף) burden, care, solicitude, followed by ל־ of the person concerned. Targum I Chronicles 21, 13 אִיכַּפַת.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 5, 20ᵇ top וביתא מאי אכפה ליה what concern is the Temple to him? Taanith 25ᵃ מאי אי׳ לך why should that trouble thee? Bava Metzia 40ᵃ וכי מאי א׳ וכ׳ what do the mice care whether etc. Koheleth Rabbah to 4, 1 זה מה אי׳ ליה what concern is it to this one (if the other sinned), i.e. why should he suffer for it?; and frequently Pesikta Rabbati section 10, beginning אי׳ להם will people care for them (miss them)? Git. 62ᵃ מכפת לא אכפת ליה should he not care for it? Cmp. כפת. ↗ original
אַכְרוּב (= כְּרוּב which see) cabbage. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, 5ᵈ top of the page Bamidbar Rabbah section 7.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 5, 63ᵃ קולסי א׳ cabbage heads. ↗ original
*אִכְרוּם (כרם = קרם; √כר) covering, coating. א׳ אוכמין כקדרא a coating of blackness like a pot. Targum Jeremiah 8, 21 (Hebrew text קדר). Targum Joel 2, 6; Nahum, Book of 2, 11 (Hebrew text פארור). Cmp. קְרוּם. ↗ original
אַכְרָזָה feminine Hebrew = Chaldaic (Aramaic) אַכְרַזְתָּא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 4, 75ᵇ top, explained אגרת בקורת, see אִגֶּרֶת; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 11, 34ᶜ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 1, 19ᵇ top of the page ↗ original
אַכְרְזִיאֵל [the herald of God], Akhr’ziel, an angel. Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 940. Devarim Rabbah section 11 אכזרי׳ (correct accordingly) ↗ original
אַכְרַזְתָּא (= Hebrew הַכְרָזָה; כרּז) proclamation announcing public sale, whence, auction, compare אִגֶּרֶת.—Bava Metzia 35ᵇ ימי א׳ time appointed for public sale. Kethuboth 100ᵇ נכסי דא׳ property sold at auction. the same place (ibid.) for capitation-tax etc. we sell בלא א׳ without previous announcement; and frequently ↗ original
אכרמוניא Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 19, 5, Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) ברטניא proper noun, probably a corruption of איי בריטניאBritannic Isles↗ original
אַכְרַעְתָּא (כרע) properly balancing, hence balances, scales, weighing. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Beshallach p. 82ᵃ בא׳ דאכרעון וכ׳ in the way they weighed, they were weighed. [Cmp. Buber the passage cited note 43.] ↗ original
אַכַּתִּי (contracted of אַד כְּעַנְתָא הִי) a scholastic term in Talmud Babylonian, still, even now, yet. Megillah 2ᵃ וא׳ מבעי ליה וכ׳ and still the plural form is needed. Yoma 27ᵃ; and frequently—מִדְּאַכַּתִּי since, up to that time. Rosh Hashanah 10ᵇ ↗ original
א"לAlbam, a formula of permutation of letters wherein the first interchanges with the twelfth, the second with the thirteenth, etc. Bamidbar Rabbah section 18 טבאל באלב"ם רמלא Tabel in Albam reads Ramla. Shabbath 104ᵃ ↗ original
אַל (Biblical Hebrew) not, no (according to Talmud a milder form of prohibition than לֹא; see Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 6, 33ᵇ). Aboth 1, 3.—אל תקרי (abbr. א"ת), see אֶלָּא. Taanith 11ᵃ א׳ יראה וכ׳ shall not live to see etc.; and very frequently ↗ original
אֶל אול to turn) preposition to, toward.— plural, with prefix מ a. suffix of personal pronoun, of itself, of my (his etc.) own accord, on my (his etc.) authority. Yoma 5ᵇ לא מֵאֵלַי not on my own authority. Orlah 1, 2 העולה מֵאֵלָיו growing spontaneously.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 7, 20ᵇ bottom of the page its sacred character מֵאֵלָיו למדו they did derive from itself (i.e. from the wording of the law itself).—Hence מִמֵּילָא, see מֵילָא. ↗ original
אֵל see אלל) God. Shevuoth 35ᵃ divine names which dare not be erased are El etc. Taanith 6ᵇ bottom of the page; and frequently ↗ original
אֶלָּא (contracted of אִן לָא = אִם לֹא) if not, except, but, only. Targum Onkelos Exodus 15, 11 לית אִ׳ את none but thou, none besides thee; and elsewhere—Berachoth 5, 1 אין עומדין … א׳ וכ׳ one must stand up for prayer in no other disposition but that of humility.—Sanhedrin 4ᵃ לא נתן א׳ שלשה he did only three times. Berachoth 1, 1 ולא זו בלבד (אמרו) א׳ וכ׳ and not only in this case they said so, but wherever etc. the same place (ibid.) 5ᵃ אל תקרי תְלַמְּדֶנּוּ א׳ תְלַמְּדֵנוּ read not th’lamm’dennu (thou instructest him) but th’lamm’dēnu (thou teachest us); and very frequently (elliptically) (you cannot say anything except …) but, a logical inference excluding all other explanations etc. the same place (ibid.) 30ᵇ א׳ לא שנא but (the conclusion is proven) there is no difference. the same place (ibid.) א׳ אמר ר׳ but, said R. … we may derive it etc.; and frequently ↗ original
אַלְבִּינָא (אלב to cut; compare חלף, חֵילֶף, חִילְפָא etc.) a bundle of shoots, broom. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 2, 73ᵃ (for Biblical Hebrew מְטַאְטֵא). ↗ original
אִלְבָּנָא (see the preceding) young shoot of the palm-tree, thin pointed branch. plural אִלְבָּנִין, אִלְבָּנַיָּיא. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 9 the palm … has no less מן תלת אילנין אלבנין (strike out אילנין) than three new (cutting) shoots. the same place (ibid.) in our place they call לאלבנייא סנסנייה the young shoots sans’naya (Hebrew סנסנים). [Bamidbar Rabbah section 3, beginning, in Hebr. diction, אִנְבּוֹנִין, frequently אנב, compare אֵב; probably to be read אִלְבּוֹנִין.] ↗ original
אֶלְגָּבִישׁ Job 28, 18, a. Targum ad loc. (on the passage)) hail, hailstone (crystal). Berachoth 54ᵇ (playful etymol. על גב איש). ↗ original
אַלְגּוּמַּיָּא (= Biblical Hebrew אַלְגּוּמִּים) name of a tree. Targum 2. Chronicles 2, 7 (8). [the same place (ibid.) 9, 10; 11 אלמוגייא, reading the Hebrew text as in I Kings 10, 11.] 5. אַלְמוּג. ↗ original
אלגוסין Tosefta Maasroth 3, 14 variant reading edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.), see גָּרִיס↗ original
אָלָה ²imprecation, curse. Sotah 2, 5 (17ᵃ); and frequently—plural אָלוֹת. the same place (ibid.) and elsewhere ↗ original
אֵלֶּה common gender plural (Biblical Hebrew; see the preceding) these, those (compare הרי). Shemoth Rabbah section 30 v’elleh (and this) adds to the preceding (continues), elleh (these) restricts. 5. אֵלּוּ. ↗ original
אלה Shabbath 90ᵃ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see אֵילָא 3. ↗ original
אַלָּה Joshua 24, 26; see אַלָּתָא) [pointed, prominent] lance, fork. Kelim 16, 8 חפוי הא׳, see חִפּוּי. Pesachim 57ᵃ אוי לי מֵאַלָּתָן woe to me (I am afraid) of their fork (weapon). Shabbath 6, 3 (63ᵃ) edition (manuscript אלא); Yerushalmi (prefix) ibid. 8ᵇ (explained דייקרן). sign-pole, used in the barn as a mark. the same place (ibid.); Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 1, 49ᵃ bottom of the page; Tosefta Terumoth 3, 11 משתיעקר הא׳ (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) משיתעשר, correct accordingly) as soon as the sign-pole (fork) is removed (indicating that the grain is ready for use and priestly gifts). ↗ original
אֱלָהּ (= Hebrew אֱלוֹהַּ) God. Daniel 3, 28; and frequently—Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 33, 26; and frequently—Vayikra Rabbah section 5, end את אלה רב Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אלוה). Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 2, 8ᶜ אלההון דיהודאי the God of the Jews. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 28ᵇ.—plural (also plur. majest.) אֱלָהִין. Daniel 2, 11; and elsewhere—אֱלָהַיָּא. Jeremiah 10, 11. Targum Psalms 136, 2 אלהי אלהיא the God of gods. [Bereshith Rabbah section 26 כומריא גנבו א׳ וכ׳ (read אלהון) when priests rob—who would swear by their god?] the same place (ibid.) (referring to Genesis 6, 2).—Vayikra Rabbah section 33 תמן קריין … אֱלָהַיָּיא there (in Rome) they call their kings gods.↗ original
אֱלָהוּת (see the preceding) Deity, divinity. Bereshith Rabbah section 46 כדי לאלוהותו—שאין העולם the universe and what it contains, are but inadequate manifestations of his divinity; and elsewhere Bereshith Rabbah section 66 ויתן לך אלוהותו (some edition) may he impart to thee his divine power; see next word—אֱלוֹהוֹת, see אֱלוֹהַ. ↗ original
אֱלָהוּתָא Targum Song of Songs 8, 1; and elsewhere Bereshith Rabbah section 66 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (see the preceding). ↗ original
אִלָּהֵין (= אלא הן) but that, unless, except, only. Targum Genesis 32, 27; and frequently—אף א׳ even only, i.e. so much the more (or less), not to say. Targum I Kings 8, 27; 2 Kings 5, 13. see לָהֵן; compare אֶלָּא. ↗ original
אֵלּוּ common gender plural (Biblical Hebrew , which see) these, the following. Bava Metzia 2, 1; and very frequently—א׳ וא׳ both. Zevachim 5, 2; and very frequently *[ (interrog.) which? Pesikta Rabbati section 29 (—30, edition Friedm. p. 138ᵇ) לאילו נאמין in which of them shall we trust? Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Naḥămu p. 127ᵇ and the following; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 307 לאי זה, לאיזו.] ↗ original
אַלְוָא (ἀλόη, probably of Semit. orig.) the impissated juice of aloes, used as a purgative. Git. 69ᵇ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אילווא). ↗ original
אֱלוֹהַּ see אֵל) God. plural majest.אֱלֹהִים, compare אֵל.—האלהים by God! Shabbath 145ᵃ; and frequently [ד is frequently substituted for ה as אלדים, אלדי, ידוד especially in Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) edition Sab.] אלקים, Chaldaic (Aramaic) אלקא, adopted in order to avoid uttering the divine name. Bava Kamma 106ᵃ; compare אלעיקי, איפופי etc.—plural אֱלוֹהוֹתdeities, powers. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, beginning 12ᵈ. Vayikra Rabbah section 4. biblical verses containing the word El, Elohim etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 4, 59ᶜ. ↗ original
אַלְוִוין (see אַלְוָא) the herbaceous plant aloe, a kind of cress. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 4, 35ᵇ bottom of the page; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) I, end (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) עלוא׳, other edition עלויין, עלווין) ומקיימין את הא׳ וכ׳ you may (in the Sabbath year) let the aloe grow on the top of the roof, but you must not water it. ↗ original
אַלְוַוְיתָא (= Hebrew לְוָיָה) escort, reception on arriving and leaving. Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 2, 49ᵈ other people דלית אלוויתיה שכיחא לון (read … תא) who do not frequently meet with a reception (an offer of refreshments etc.). the same place (ibid.) דַּלְוַויָיתֵיה וכ׳ (= דאל) who may fairly expect a reception. Cmp. אִילַּוָּיוּתָא. ↗ original
אֱלוּל (Biblical Hebrew) Elul, the sixth month of the Hebrew calendar, containing twenty nine days, varying between the seventh of August and the second of October. Rosh Hashanah 1, 1. the same place (ibid.) 19ᵇ; and frequently Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 3, beginning 47ᵇ bottom of the page בני א׳ animals born in Elul. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 14, 37 אילול. Targum 2 Esther 3, 7. ↗ original
אֱלוּלי (denominative of אֱלוּל) born in Elul. plural אֱלוּלִיִּים, אֱלוּלִיִּין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 3, beginning 47ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original
אָלוּם (אלם; √אל, compare חלם, חלב etc.) a mucilaginous plant (compare Lat. Alum), probably Silphium, a kind of Laserpitium or Asafœtida. T’bul Yom 1, 5 (variant reading in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אילום, הלום). Cmp. אֱלָל. ↗ original
אֲלוּמָּא 2).—plural אֲלוּמַּיָּיא. Targum Ruth 2, 7; 15. ↗ original
אֲלוּמָּהbinding, making sheaves. Peah 6, 9 (10) נתנה … לא׳ grain stalks intended for binding sheaves thereof (but not for binding the latter into bundles of sheaves עֹמֶר, Maimonides)—[For binding sheaves therewith Rabbenu Shimshon]. sheaf. Shemoth Rabbah section 31.—plural אֲלוּמֹּות. Bava Metzia 22ᵇ and the following large sheaves, opposite כריכות. ↗ original
אַלֹּון 1 see אַלָּה) oak.— plural אַלֹּונִים. Bereshith Rabbah section 15 א׳ בלוטין the bibl. allonim means b’lutin, see בָּלוּט. [the same place (ibid.) אלמוגים א׳ read אַלְוִים, see אַלְוָה, אַלְמוּג]. Rosh Hashanah 23ᵃ א׳ בוטמי, see בּוּטְמָא; Bava Bathra 80ᵇ א׳ בוטני, see בּוּטְנָא. [Bereshith Rabbah section 60 (play on hallazeh Genesis 24, 6) א׳ זה he is an oak (of fine appearance); Rashi refers to next word] ↗ original
אַלֹּון 2 (ἄλλος according) another. Bereshith Rabbah section 81 in Greek allon means אַחֵר; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Zakhor p. 24ᵃ א׳ תרי (read אַחֵר) another (one more). ↗ original
אֲלוּנְטִית 1 (אֲלוּנְתִּית) (interchanging with לוּנְטִית which see) feminine (לוּט, to cover, wrap, compare I Samuel 20, 10, a. לאט in H. Dictionary; נ inserted) wrapping cloth, sheet, bathing clothes. Shabbath 40ᵇ מיחם אדם אלונט׳ (Munich manuscript אלונת׳, Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3 (4), 7 אלונתת) one may warm a sheet on the Sabbath to put it on the stomach; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 19, 17ᵃ bottom of the page [Bereshith Rabbah section 80 to put on a wound, probably next word]—Shabbath 147ᵇ (Munich manuscript always אלונת׳, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) לונט׳). Menachoth 72ᵃ.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 8, 25ᵇ top of the page—plural אֲלוּנְטִיאוֹת Shabbath 22, 5 (147ᵃ). Shabbath 147ᵇ בעשר אלונטית (read טִיאוֹת …, or … טִיֹּות). Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 16 (17), 15 אֲלוּנְטָאוֹת (variant reading אֲלֻנְטִיאוֹת, לֻנְטִיאוֹת). the same place (ibid.) 17 אנלונטאות (variant reading אלנטיאות). ↗ original
אֲלוּנְטִית 2 corrupted אֲלוּנְתִּית (אֲלַנְתִּית) feminine, אֲלִינְתִּין masculine (a corruption of οἰνάνθη, οἰνάνθινος, œnanthe, œnanthinus; compare אניגרון as to נ a. ל) made of the grape (or leaves) of wild vine (œnanthe), whence an aromatic water. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 6, 10ᵈ he who sprinkles אלינת׳ œnanthe. an unguent. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 3ᵃ top סכין אלוונ׳ וכ׳ (correct accordingly) you may oint a sick person with œn. on the Sabbath. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 14, 14ᶜ bottom of the page אלינתין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 7, beginning 37ᵇ יצאת א׳ … לתְּפֵילִין (read … תית) except œn. which is only for children (after circumcision). a wine (vinum œnanthinum), used especially after bathing. Avodah Zarah 30ᵃ (explained as a mixture of old wine, pure water and balsam); Shabbath 140ᵃ אלונט׳ edition (Munich manuscript אלונת׳). Chullin 6ᵃ wine to be put לתוך הא׳ into a mixture called ăluntith; Tosefta Demai 1, 24. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 1, 60ᵈ top of the page ↗ original
אַלּוּףprince, chief. Bereshith Rabbah section 20 beginning אלופוֹ של עולם the world’s chief (Aleph, i.e. Adam). ↗ original
אָלוּשׁ (Biblical Hebrew) Alush, one of the stations of the Israelites on their journey to Kanaan. Yoma 10ᵃ. Bereshith Rabbah section 48 (play on lushi, Genesis 18, 6). Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 2, beginning 61ᵃ ↗ original
*אלטיכסייא , Bereshith Rabbah section 8 א׳ שלך Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), edition תכסיס א׳ שלך …, Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 834 תכסיס אלתמסין, probably אַלְטַכְסִיסִין (see אַל־ a. טַכְסִיס)chief of the court-ceremonies (i.e. the angel of Truth); Rashi: seal (?). ↗ original
אֱלָטִין (ἐλάτη) fir-trees. Tanchuma T’rum. 9 ברוש א׳ Bibl. b’rosh means firs↗ original
*אלטינון , a corruption of יַאנְטִינוֹן for יַאנְתִּינוֹן masculine (ἰάνθινον, Aquila Exodus 25, 5) violet-colored. Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 9 אלט׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 2, 4ᵈ (explained bibl. תחש as a color לשם צבעו, see Ges. H. Dictionary under the word תַּחַשׁ). [Esther Rabbah to 1, 6 טיינון (variant reading סיינון) read יקינטינון]. ↗ original
אלי 1to curse. Sifré Numbers 18 (referring to Numbers 18, 21) לאלה שיהו אָלִין בה וכ׳ ‘as a curse’ means that people shall curse by her (pointing to her), ‘may happen unto thee what happened to …’. ↗ original
אלי 2 (= ילל, see אִילְיָא) to lament, wail. Targum 2 Samuel 1, 17; and elsewhere Pa'el פִּעֵל אַלָּאsame. Targum Judges 11, 40 לאַלָּאָה (some edition לאֲלָאָה). ↗ original
אַלִּיבָּא (= אַל־לי׳ = עַל־לי׳) according to the opinion, in the sense of. Bava Kamma 13ᵃ, and frequently א׳ דמאן in whose sense? in accordance with whom? Sotah 21ᵃ א׳ דהלכתא in accord. with the adopted decision. Shabbath 28ᵇ, and very frequently א׳ דר׳ in the sense, developing the opinion, of R.—. ↗ original
אַלְיָהattachment, whence (compare זָנָב, גֹּונְבָא) tail, fat-tail. Avodah Zarah 25ᵃ (referring to I Samuel 9, 24) what means v’heãleha (and that which is upon [or by] it)? שוק וא׳ that means the leg (with thigh) and the fat-tail. מאי והעליה וכ׳ and why is it called ‘and that which is upon it’? Because the leg is near the fat-tail (back). Chullin 117ᵃ; and frequently—כלפי א׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word כלפי; edition כלפי לָיָיא, manuscripts לָיָא) towards the tail! i.e. just the reverse!, reverse it. Pesachim 5ᵇ; Shabbath 93ᵇ; Avodah Zarah 75ᵃ; and frequently [Rashi: כלפי ליֵיא where are you turning to?] ear-lap. Kethuboth 5ᵇ ↗ original
אֵלִיָּהוּ (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Eliyahu, Elijah, the great prophet in the days of Ahab, frequently represented, in Talmud and Midrashim, as intervening in behalf of the pious and punishing wrong-doers, and expected, in the Messianic days, to clear up doubts and prepare the heavenly kingdom; compare Malachi 3, 23.—Berachoth 58ᵃ, and frequently אתא א׳ אידמי ליה וכ׳ E. came and appeared to him in the disguise of etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 33, and frequently אתא א׳ זכור לטוב E., whose memory be blessed, came etc. Bava Metzia 1, 8 (37ᵃ), and frequently יהא מונח עד שיבוא א׳ let it be deposited until E. shall come (and decide to whom it belongs, i.e. an indefinite time until the matter be cleared up). Menachoth 45ᵃ; and frequently—סֵדֶר אֵלִיָהוּ־ Seder Eliyahu, name of a lost Talmudic treatise, divided into Seder Eliyahu Rabba (Large) and S. E. Zuta (Small). Kethuboth 106ᵃ (of legendary origin). ↗ original
אֱלִיהוּא (Biblical Hebrew) Elihu, one of Job’s friends. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 5, end, 20ᵈ. Yalkut Shimoni Job 919. Bava Bathra 15ᵇ ↗ original
אֶלְיְהוֹעֵינַי (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Elioenai, a highpriest. Parah 3, 5. ↗ original
אַלְיוֹן (√לוי, see אַלְיָה) thumb, great toe. plural אַלְיוֹנִים. Pesikta Rabbati section 31 אַלְיוֹנֵי ידיהם their thumbs; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 137, 4; Yalkut Shimoni ad loc. (on the passage) ↗ original
אִלְיוֹן Targum Exodus 29, 20; and elsewhere—Git. 69ᵃ טופרא דאִלְייוֹנָא (Rashi אליינא, correct accordingly) the nail of the thumb.—plural אִלְיוֹנַיָּא. Targum Psalms 137, 4 קטעו לואי אִלְיוֹנֵיהוֹן בככיהון (missing in some edition) the Levites cut their thumbs off with their teeth; see quoted in the preceding↗ original
אֱלֶיוְתְּרוֹפּוֹלִיס (Ἐλευθερόπολις) Eleutheropolis (Freetown), an Idumean town corresponding to Hori (Genesis 14, 6). Bereshith Rabbah section 42 (edition corrup. מטרופ׳) read with Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) ואת החורי א׳ ולמה קורא אותה א׳ שבררו … אותה ויצאו להן לחירות they selected it for their residence and made themselves independent. ↗ original
אַלִּיחְרוֹקAlliḥrok, name of an Egyptian eparchy or nomos, probably Heracleotes. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 10, 6; I Chronicles 1, 8 (Hebrew text פוט), edition Rahm. אלייחרק (variant reading אליחרק). ↗ original
אַלְיָית (אלי 2) female wailer. Kelim 16, 7 רביעית של א׳ the wailer’s musical instrument. the same place (ibid.) 15, 6.—Chaldaic אָלְיְתָא which see ↗ original
אֱלִיל (אלל to roll, sec. root or radix of אול; compare חול a. גִּלּוּלִים) (cacophem.) idol. Avodah Zarah 4, 3 (Talmud edition ע"ז); and elsewhere—plural אֱלִילִים. עבודת א׳ (abbr. ע"א) idolatry; also idol (compare יִרְאָה). Sanhedrin 97ᵇ. Yoma 9ᵇ; a frequently offal of meat, seeאֱלָל. ↗ original
אַלִּילָא (see the preceding) spy.— plural אַלִּילֵי. Targum Genesis 42, 9; and elsewhere (edition Berlin edition אָלִי׳). ↗ original
אֵלִיםבֵּית א׳ proper noun of a place Beth-Elim, near Mount Tabor. Bereshith Rabbah section 99 beginning Mechilta Yithro section 5 (אלהים). אֵלִים plural of אַיִל which see ↗ original
אַלִּים , אַלִּימָא feminine (אלם) strong, influential; violent. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 25, 23; and elsewhere—Git. 60ᵇ, and frequently כל דא׳ גבר whoever is in power wins (right of possession in cases in which the judge is unable to decide). Chullin 39ᵇ איניש אלמא a powerful man (defying the law).—Kethuboth 14ᵃ א׳ ליה בריא to him the positive assertion is the stronger argument.—plural אַלִּימֵי Chullin 76ᵃ thick (sinews). Kiddushin 59ᵃ באגא דא׳ a village community of violent men.—Fem. Kiddushin 44ᵇ מי א׳ כיד אביה is she as strong, has she the same authority as her father has? Bava Metzia 34ᵃ מי א׳ ממתניתן is (the Boraitha) stronger (less pliable) than our Mishnah?—Chullin 48ᵇ אַלִּימְתָּא the strong, thick (pin).—plural אַלִּימָתָא. Yevamoth 43ᵃ א׳ strong, thick combs. ↗ original
אִלֵּימָא 1 (= (= אִיןif; לי = לָאnot; מא quidem, somehow) unless, but for (followed by ש־; compare אִלְמָלֵא I). Bamidbar Rabbah section 18, end אי׳ מֵי … שמעמ׳ וכ׳ but for the sticky substance in the nose intercepting the evil smell. (= אִילּוּ־מָא if somehow) if (ruling the verb without mediation of a relative; compare אִלְמָלֵא 2). the same place (ibid.) א׳ תופשת וכ׳ if (the harsh ringing sound) should take a permanent hold of his ear, it would be bound up (with his body, supply (understood word) בלבו as in Tanchuma Ḥukkath 1, where our word is substituted by אִלְמָלֵא). see אִילֵימָא↗ original
אִלֵּימָא 2mute, see אִלְּמָא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 4, 11.— thick, see אַלִּים. Chullin 76ᵇ ↗ original
*אָלִיס , only in plural אֲלִיסִים, אֲלִיסִין etc. (אלס, compare אלץ in Hebr. Dictionary a. רסס, רצץ) ruins, debris. Vayikra Rabbah section 19 (referring to Amos 6, 11) הדין רסיסה אית מיניה אל׳ (read רסיסא) of what is demolished by making breaches, there remain ruins, והדין בקיעא לית מיניה אי while of what is demolished by chopping, no ruins remain; Koheleth Rabbah to 10, 18 (correct accordingly); Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 14. Cmp. בִּיזָא and אִלְסִיס. ↗ original
אִלְיַסְטוֹן (ἡλιαστός, according, frequently ἡλιάζω, see Gr. Dictionary) a luscious wine (vinum dulce) for which the grapes were to be dried in the sun for three days, after which they were gathered and trodden on the fourth during the full fervor of the midday heat (Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Vinum; Columella 12, 27). Menachoth 8, 6 אליוסטון Mishnah (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) אלייס׳, Talmud edition 86ᵇ הליסטיון, היל׳). Bava Bathra 97ᵇ אלייסטון Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (variant reading a. edition היליסטון; manuscript והלאסטון, והיליסטיון; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)). Tosefta Menachoth 9, 9 (from which Bava Bathra the passage cited is quoted) אליסטון. ↗ original
אֱלִיעֶזֶרEliezer, 1) servant of Abraham. servant of Abraham. Bereshith Rabbah section 44; and frequently 2) several Tanaim: a) E. ben Hyrcanus; E. b. Jacob, E. bar Zadok, disciples of R. Johanan b. Zaccai of the second gener.—b) E. b. Judah, E. b. Matathias; E. b. Ḥisma, of the third gener.—c) E. hak-Kappar, a late member of the fifth gener. ↗ original
*אֲלִיקִי (a disguise of אלהים for the purpose of avoiding the utterance of the divine name, compare אֱלוֹהַּ) by God! forsooth (ironically). Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Baḥod. p. 104ᵃ אלי׳ אני תובע בה Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אל אהא, manuscript Oxf. אליקי איני) forsooth, I shall propose to her, i.e. do you believe I shall etc.? Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 4 אלעי׳ אני נותן וכ׳ forsooth (do you believe) I shall give etc. [5. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana the passage cited note 81.] ↗ original
אֶלְיָקִים (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Eliakim. Avodah Zarah 58ᵃ R. El. attendant of Rabba. ↗ original
אֶלִישָׁעElisha, the prophet. Berachoth 10ᵇ. Bereshith Rabbah section 25; and elsewhere E. ben Abuyah, surnamed אַחֵר, which see Aboth. 4, 20; Moed Katan 20ᵃ one E. surnamed בעל כנפים ‘winged’. Shabbath 49ᵃ; 130ᵃ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 4ᶜ bottom of the page ↗ original
*אַלְיָתָא feminine = אַלְיוּתָא. Bereshith Rabbah section 15, end; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Ron. p. 142ᵇ א׳ ובכיתא wailing and weeping; see אַלִּיתָא↗ original
אַלְיְתָא , fat-tail. Targum Exodus 29, 22; and elsewhere—Chullin 127ᵃ בשמתא נרש … ואליתיה excommunicated be Narash with its fat, skin and tail, i.e. all its inhabitants. ↗ original
אַלִּיתָא (compare אֵלָה, אַלֹּון etc.) fig-tree (of a certain species).—בְּרַת א׳ name of a fig species. Bereshith Rabbah section 15, end ברת א׳ וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אלי) it is called brath alitha (daughter of mourning, see אַלְיָתָא), because it has brought wailing and weeping into the world (as the fruit of the tree of knowledge). wood of the fig-tree, used as kindling wood on the altar (Hebrew . Tamid 2, 4 (Mishnah תא …, Talmud 29ᵃ … תה). Yoma 24ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 39ᶜ top of the page—plural אַלִּיתוֹת. Parah 3, 9. ↗ original
*אִלִּיתָא (pronunc. and meaning doubtful) Illitha, something supposed to render fire-proof or extinguish the fire. Sanhedrin 108ᵇ יש לנו דבר אחד וא׳ שמה Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition וע׳) we have something, its name is Ill. [perhaps to be read דבר אחר a (female) idol]; Yalkut Shimoni Job 906 עיל׳, manuscript עליונה]. [Bava Bathra 73ᵃ ומחינן ליה באלי׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) variant reading under the word אלתא, edition אַלּוּתָא, Rashi אַלְוָותָא, manuscript Oxf. ואית לן, אלוותא plural of אַלָּתָא. The use of the masc. gend. in connection with the word, makes the passage appear spurious.] ↗ original
אֲלַכְסָאAlaxa, Lixah, abbreviated or abbreviation of Alexander. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 5, beginning 29ᶜ R. Al.—the same place (ibid.) 9, 33ᵇ א׳ אמר לו ר׳ מנא (read לר׳ מנא); Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 7, 38ᵃ bottom of the page ליכסה וכ׳ name of a gentile judge. ↗ original
אֲלַכְסוֹן (= לוכסן, λοξός; compare howev. ἀλλάξ) (adverb) athwart, crosswise. Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 8, 5 two feet etc. of a bed cut off א׳ crosswise; (Kelim 18, 5 לוכסן). אֲלַכְסוֹן, Chaldaic (Aramaic) form אֲלַכְסוֹנָא masculine diagonal line, diameter. Bava Bathra 101ᵇ; Sukkah 8ᵃ כל אמתא … באלכסונָהּ a figure of one square cubit has a diagonal line of 12/5 cubits (approximately). Menachoth 35ᵃ; Megillah 24ᵇ must be square בתפרן ובאֲלַכְסוֹנָן both as to their seams (not warped) and as to the measure of their diagonal lines. Eruvin 59ᵃ מידת העיר ואלכסונָהּ Manuscript Karlsruhe (edition בא׳, see Rashi ad loc. (on the passage)) the measure of the circumference of the town plus its diameter. Bava Bathra 99ᵃ ודילמא בא׳ הוו קיימי perhaps the Cherubim in the Sanctuary were placed across the room; and frequently ↗ original
אֲלַכְסִין (see אֲלַכְסָא) Alexandrians, name of a nut, probably a species of pistachio. Avodah Zarah 14ᵃ אלכסין edition (Munich manuscript אלכסנדרין, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אכלסין). Cmp. אִלְסָרִין. ↗ original
אֲלֶכְסַנְדְּרָאAlexander. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 2, 22ᶜ top, (an Amora of a place called Tsadoka). Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 12; see אֲלֶכְסַנְדְּרִי. ↗ original
אֲלֶכְסַנְדְּרוֹסAlexander. A. the Great, מוקדון the Macedonian. Targum Song of Songs 6, 8; Targum 2, Esther 1, 2.—Tamid 31ᵇ; and frequently name of a judge and of a robber. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᵇ top (for אלכסנדריאה the same place (ibid.) read our word). ↗ original
אֲלֶכְסַנְדְּרִיAlexandrian. Sifra B’ḥukk. chap. 5, Lulianus the Alex. proper noun of a male person Alexandri, an Amora. Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 4, 59ᶜ bot; and elsewhere—Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 2 דרא … (correct accordingly). see אֲלַכְסִין.—plural אֲלֶכְסַנְדְּרִיִּים; fem. אֲלֶכְסַנְדְּרִיֹּות. Menachoth 100ᵃ Alexandrians. the same place (ibid.) 28ᵇ כוסות א׳ (Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 369 … רִיֹּות) Alexandrian cups (lengthy and narrow). Tosefta Megillah 3 (2), 6 בה"כ של א׳ a Synagogue built by Alexandrians in Jerusalem. ↗ original
אֲלֶכְסַנְדַּרְיָאAlexandria, in Egypt. Targum Ezekiel 30, 15; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 77ᵈ; and frequently—Kelim 15, 1, see next word—Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 19, a ship coming מא׳. 5. אַכְסַנְדַּרְיָא. ↗ original
אֲלֶכְסַנְדְּרִיתAlexandrian. Kelim 15, 1 ספינה א׳ Mishnah edition (Talmud edition ס׳ אלכסנדריא) Alexandrian ship, i.e. Sea ship with water reservoirs. Shabbath 90ᵃ, and elsewhere נתר א׳ Alex. nitron. Tosefta Niddah 4, 17 Cleopatra מלכת א׳ (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) יס—) Egyptian queen.—plural אֲלֶכְסַנְדְּרִיֹּות, see אֲלֶכְסַנְדְּרִי. ↗ original
אָלַל (sec. root or radix of אוּל, see אֲוַל; compare עלל) to circle. Pi'el אִילֵּל to go around; to espy, track. Shir HaShirim Rabbah beginning (play on תּוּר a. תֹּורָה) אחר ד"ת אִילַּלְתָּ thou didst search after the words of the Law. Pesikta Rabbati section 47 ḥafar (Job 39, 29) לשון מְאַלֵּל has the meaning of espying (edition incorr. יליל, see edition Friedm. p. 190ᵇ).—[ to point out;to tie around; to be strong; see אֵל, אלי I, אֵלָה, אִילָּן etc., a. אלם.] ↗ original
אֱלָל Chaldaic (Aramaic) masculine (Biblical Hebrew אֱלִל Job 13, 4; see אֱלִיל; compare הלל) soft, lax object, whence fatty substance, offal of meat. Targum Job. the passage cited—Chullin 9, 1 (the same place (ibid.) 121ᵃ, different interpretation or differently interpreted of opinion as to what kind of offal is meant in the Mishnah, see מַרְדְּקָא). the same place (ibid.) הא׳ המכונס the offal gathered (as a ball). Zevachim 3, 4.—Tohoroth 1, 4 אֱלִיל. Meïl. 7ᵃ א׳ כיון דלית ביה וכ׳ ălal, because there is no substantial value in it. Zevachim 35ᵃ פיגל בא׳ if one had an inappropriate thought about ălal of fowls (which is fit to eat). ↗ original
אַלְלָא (אֲלַל; compare Biblical Hebrew דָּרַךְ) treading the wine or olive press; quantity put into the press at a time. Bava Metzia 105ᵃ הא באתרא … בא׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition או׳) the one Rabbi treats of a place where they ordinarily put one khor (measure) into the press at a time, etc. Esther Rabbah to 1, 2 (referring to Esther the passage cited, and Nehemiah 13, 15 ‘in those days’; play on al’la a. al’lay; see next word) א׳ וּוַי וכ׳ ‘wine pressing’ (on Sabbath, Nehemiah the passage cited) and ‘woe’ (persecution as punishment) were those days marked for. ↗ original
אַלְלַי see אלי 2, woe. Vayikra Rabbah section 17, and elsewhere; see next word Tanchuma Aḥaré 2, אלילים (correct accordingly); edition Buber edition 3. ↗ original
אַלְלַיָּא (see the preceding) woe-makers, a word coined for playing on הוֹלְלִים (Psalms 75, 5, and elsewhere). Vayikra Rabbah section 20; and elsewhere; see וַויָּנַיָּיא for correct version ↗ original
אֲלַם intr. אֲלֵים (אַלֵּים Pa'el, עלים) (see the preceding) to be or grow strong, to grow. Targum I Chronicles 22, 12 (13) אֲלַם (Hebrew text אֱמָץ, variant reading עילם). Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 31, 6; 7; 23 edition Vienna edition א׳ (edition Berlin edition ע׳, see Berlin edition Targum Onkelos 2, p. 59).—Bava Bathra 124ᵃ; 135ᵇ (he left them) דיקלא וא׳ a slender palm-tree and it grew thick. to tie, see אֲלוּמָּא. to be mute; see Ithp. Pa'el פִּעֵל אַלֵּיםto be strong, see above. to strengthen, support. Targum 2 Chronicles 11, 17; and elsewhere participle passive feminine מְאַלְּמָאresolved, insisting upon. Targum Ruth 1, 18 (Hebrew text מתאמצת).—Bava Kamma 90ᵃ אַלְמוּהָ רבנן וכ׳ the Rabbis fortified the husband’s right (gave him superior privileges). Kiddushin 43ᵃ אַלּוּמֵי קא מְאַלִּימְנָא למילתיה (Rashi אַלְּמוּהָ) we (the court) give him privileges. to overpower. Shabbath 156ᵇ אַלְּמֵיה יצריה his appetite overwhelmed him. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְאַלֵּםto make one’s self strong, to summon strength. Targum Job 36, 19. to become mute, be silenced. Targum Psalms 39, 10. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 12, 6. [Targum Psalms 90, 10 מִתְאַלְּמִין (for Hebrew text בָּהֶם?). [Targum Job 6, 6 manuscript Vers. מִתְאַלֵּם (?), Hebrew text חלמות!.] ↗ original
אִלֵּם compare חֵרֵשׁ) mute, unable to speak, also ignorant. Terumoth 1, 6; and frequently—Ruth. R. to 4, 1 (referring to almoni, Ruth. the passage cited) א׳ היה מד"ת he was unable to speak of (excluded from) the Law (ignorant).—plural אִילְּ׳ אִלְּמִין אִלְּמִים. Sanhedrin 71ᵃ; 100ᵃ.—Fem. אִלֶּמֶת, אִילֶּ׳. Bamidbar Rabbah section 9. Chullin 79ᵃ. Sotah 10ᵇ אי׳; and elsewhere ↗ original
אִלְּמָא Targum Exodus 4, 11.—plural אִילְּמֵי etc. Chagigah 3ᵃ; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 356; Deuteronomy 440. [Chullin 76ᵇ חד אילימא, see אִלֵּימָא 2, 2.] ↗ original
אַלְמָא (compare Biblical Hebrew אֵלֶם, see אָלַם) confirmation; (dial. term) consequently. Pesachim 2ᵇ א׳ אור וכ׳ consequently ôr means day-light. Shabbath 151ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original
אַלָּמָּא (= על למה) why?, wherefore? Eruvin 3ᵃ אלמא אמר וכ׳ why did R. … say etc.?—Yoma 2ᵇ אלמה לא ניבעי וכ׳ why should separation not be required etc.?; and frequently ↗ original
אַלְמוּגred coral. Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 3, 13; Kelim 13, 6; Shabbath 59ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 6, 8ᵇ top of the page plural אַלְמוּגִים, אַלְמוּגִיןa species of cedar-tree, probably coral-wood (see below as to various opinions). Rosh Hashanah 23ᵃ; Bava Bathra 80ᵇ and the following א׳ כסיתאalmugim is coral (apparently a confusion of coral and coral-wood). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 7, end, 31ᵈ א׳ אלוים alm. is the aloe-wood (agallochum); (Bereshith Rabbah section 15 beginning אלווס Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), edition אלוום, אלונים correct accordingly). Pesikta Rabbati section 33 (referring to 2 Chronicles 2, 7 a. I Kings 10, 12); see גלומי. ↗ original
אַלְמוֹגָא, plural אַלְמוּגִין, אַלְמוּגַיָּיא Chaldaic (Aramaic) same. Targum I Kings 10, 11; 12. 2 Chronicles 9, 10; 11. ↗ original
אַלְמוֹן 1 (see אלם) a cedar species, oak [or terebinth]. . Rosh Hashanah 23ᵃ; Bava Bathra 80ᵇ; see בּוּטְמָא a. בְּלוּט. ↗ original
אַלְמוֹן 2 , see אלם) [tied up, secluded; compare Targum I Samuel 21, 3 טמיר for Hebrew אלמני] widower. Kethuboth 7ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original
אַלְמוֹנִי masculine (Biblical Hebrew אַלְמֹנִיunnamed, unknown, see the preceding) proper noun of a male person Almoni. Ruth Rabbah to 4, 1 פלני א׳ וכ׳ the man’s name was Ploni Almoni. Cmp. אִלֵּם. ↗ original
אִלְמָלֵא (= (= אילו־מא־לָא) if in any way not, if not, but for (usually without verb or followed by שֶׁ־ or דְּ־; compare אִלֵּימָא I, 1). Sanhedrin 49ᵃ א׳ דוד וכ׳ but for David (studying the Law), Joab could wage no war. Megillah 12ᵇ א׳ אגרות וכ׳ but for the previous letters. Tanchuma Ḥukkath 1 (edition Buber edition 1 אם לא); and frequently (= אִילּוּ־מא־לֻא: compare אִלֵּימָא I, 2) if indeed. Megillah 24ᵇ אלמלי אתה לוי [Munich manuscript אלמלא לוי אתה) if thou wert a Levite. Kethuboth 33ᵇ אלמלא נגדוה וכ׳ if they had lashed Hananiah etc. Shabbath 118ᵇ; and frequently [A differentiation of spelling which may have existed for the two opposite meanings of our word, is untraceable; see Lowe, Pesachim, p. 28.] Cmp. אִילּוּלֵי. ↗ original
אִלְמֵן (deriv. of next word) to reduce to widowhood, bereave, desert. Pesachim 49ᵃ ומְאַלְמֵן את אשתו will be forced to desert his wife (to leave his home).—Nithpa. נִתְאַלְמְנָהto become a widow. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 2, beginning 26ᵃ (Mishn. edition, a. Talmud Babylonian נִתְאַרְמְלָה, see אִרְמֵל). ↗ original
אַלְמָנָה see אַלְמוֹן) widow. Kethuboth 1, 1; 2, see אֵרוּסִין. Kiddushin 75ᵃ אַלְמָנַת עיסה the widow of one of spurious descent; see עִיסָה; and frequently Transferred דלת א׳ a frameless door (or made of one piece). Eruvin 101ᵃ; see גַּשְׁמָה.—Denom. ↗ original
אַלְמָנוּת (Biblical Hebrew) widowhood. Bava Bathra 6, 4 בית א׳ (98ᵇ; Munich manuscript אַרְמְלוּת) a house in which to live in case of widowhood. Yevamoth 45ᵃ; and elsewhere Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 5, 29ᵈ bottom of the page הרי אני מיגדת אַלְמְנוּתִי, see אָגַד 2. ↗ original
אֲלִנִסְטִי (read אלי׳ ἑλληνιστί) Hellenic, in Greek. Tanchuma Tsav, 2 [a gloss] לשון א׳קטבך קטאב"א in Greek katab’kha (Hosea 13, 14) means κατάβα descend; see Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 333. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 7, beginning 21ᵇ שמע קלון קריין שמע אלונ׳ heard them read the Sh’ma in Greek. ↗ original
*אֲלַנְקֵי (= על־ענקאon the neck) poles used to carry burdens on the shoulder of two or more persons (see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Falangæ, phalangæ, which is of Semitic origin). Betzah 25ᵇ what means ‘provided no carrying on shoulders takes place’? Ans. באלנקי … Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), Munich manuscript (edition באלו׳) by means of alanke (phalangæ). the same place (ibid.) למיפק אאלו׳ edition (manuscript באל׳) to be taken out etc. (carried in a sedan chair through which poles are put). the same place (ibid.) Amos and Mar Zut. allowed themselves to be carried on shoulders of men בשבתא דריגלא באלנ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), Munich manuscript (edition our word absent) on a Sabbath during the festive week on phalangæ (to the lecture room). 5. בְּלוּנְקֵי. ↗ original
אֲלַס , Pa'elאַלַּס, אַלֵּיס (contracted of אלעס, see לעס) to craunch, bite. Bava Kamma 84ᵃ. Git. 70ᵃ ↗ original
אָלָסAlas (Valens; see וָולָס) an Amora. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 1, 27ᵃ top of the page (?) Sanhedrin 64ᵃ Sabta son of A.; see אַבְלַס ↗ original
אַלַּסHellas (= Græcia Magna). [That Italian places are meant in quoted below, is obvious from Targum Ezek. 27, 7, see אִיטַלְיָא.] Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 10, 4 א׳ וטרסס (Hebrew text אלישה ותרשיש) Hellas and Taras (Tarentum, see טַרְסִיס); Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2 the same place (ibid.); Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᵇ bottom of the page אלסטרסס; Bereshith Rabbah section 37, beginning אלוסטרוס, אלסיט׳ (correct accordingly). [Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) a. Midrash reflect geograph. a. ethnograph. conditions and notions of their own days.] ↗ original
*אִלְסִיס [the final ס frequently read ם in edition, as אֲלִיסִים etc.] feminine (see אָלִיס) proper noun of a place Ilsis etc. (grottoes near Tiberias; see Josephus B. J. 2, 20, 6) ruins of fortified caves. Koheleth Rabbah to 3, 9 אלס׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 4, 35ᶜ top אליפיס; Bereshith Rabbah section 34 אילטיס; Ruth. R. to 1, 17 (או׳) אילוסיס; Yalkut Shimoni Ezek. 351 אלפטס; compare בְּטִיטָא a. אִיצְטַדִּין. ↗ original
אֶלְעָזָרElazar. E. b. Poïra, counsellor of John Hyrcanus. Kiddushin 66ᵃ Several Tanaim: a) E. b. Azariah; E. b. Arachin of the second generation; b) E. b. P’rata; E. of Modim, of the third gener.—c) E. b. Jacob; E. b. Shamua; E. b. Simon (bar Yoḥai); E. b. R. Yose the Galilean, of the fourth gener. Several Amoraim: a) E. b. Antigonus; E. b. R. Yannai, of the second gener. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 5, 9ᵇ bottom of the page; and elsewhere—b) E. bar Abina. the same place (ibid.) 1, 3ᶜ bottom of the page—c) R. Lazar or E. (in Babli E. b. P’dath) one of the most renowned Amoraim of the third gener. Eruvin 65ᵇ; and very frequently ↗ original
אֶלֶף (Biblical Hebrew) thousand. Dualאַלְפַּיִם.—plural אֲלָפִים.—א׳ אלפים a million. Bereshith Rabbah section 8 שני א׳; and frequently—Shemoth Rabbah section 5 אַלְפַּיִם two thousand (men); and elsewhere ↗ original
אֲלַף 1 Targum Onkelos Exodus 38, 25 אַלַּף edition Berlin edition (Yerushalmi (prefix) אלפא); and frequently—Sanhedrin 95ᵇ חד א׳ one thousand. Bechoroth 8ᵇ מאה א׳ זוזי one hundred thousand zuz; and frequently—plural אַלְפִין, אַלְפַיָּא. Targum Exodus 38, 26; and frequently Targum I Samuel 18, 8; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 7, 26ᵇ bottom of the page; and frequently ↗ original
אֲלַף 2 , √לף to join, be joined) to become used; to learn, study, train one’s self.—אֲלִיף accustomed, used to. Targum I Samuel 17, 39. Targum Onkelos Numbers 22, 30.—Targum Deuteronomy 5, 1; and frequently (see also יְלֵיף).—Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 2 צבי רבי דייליף would you like to study? Bava Bathra 111ᵇ top גוד לית דין צבי למילף take me away from here, this man has no desire to learn (but only to argue). Taanith 4ᵃ man is bound למֵילַף נפשיה בניחותא [probably למַלֵּיף, see below] to train himself to be gentle; and frequently Pa'el פִּעֵל אַלֵּיף, אַלַּףto train, teach. Targum Psalms 18, 35 מַלֵּיף (= מְאַלֵּף). Targum Proverbs 11, 25; and frequently—Koheleth Rabbah to 9, 10 thou didst emigrate למילף for the sake of studying, והוא גלי לאַלָּפָא but he emigrated for the sake of teaching. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 1, 22ᵃ top ולא כן אַלְּפָן רבי (not איל׳) did you not teach us thus?—א׳ זכו, see below. Af'el הִפְעִיל אוֹלֵף as Pa'el Vayikra Rabbah section 30 (מַלֵּיף) מוֹלִיף עלי זכו offers arguments in my favor. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְאַלַּףto exercise, practice, exert one’s self. Targum Isaiah 2, 4; 26, 9. ↗ original
אל"ףAlef, the first letter of the Alphabet. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 1, 18ᵃ bottom of the page; and frequently Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 4, 6ᵃ כל שהוא בה"י רבה באל"ף רבא (referring to harbah arbeh Genesis 3, 16) the embryo that counts harbah with Hé, (the numerical value being 212—days), will grow; that which counts arbeh with Alef (i.e. 208 days, or less than seven months) will lie down (die); (compare הַרְבָּה for different interpretation or differently interpreted versions).—Bava Bathra 168ᵇ א׳ בית וכ׳ mere Alef Beth (arbitrary words). Bereshith Rabbah section 1 הא׳ קרא תגר the Alef complained.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 16, 15ᶜ top א׳ בי"ת אחד one of the alphabetical acrostics (chapters) of Lamentations.—plural אלפ"ין. Shabbath 103ᵇ. Shemoth Rabbah section 38; and elsewhere—אָאִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 4ᵈ bottom of the page they pronounce עיינין א׳ Ayins like Alefs.—[Shabbath 103ᵇ אלף אלף דאאזרך וכ׳ edition (Munich manuscript omits דאאזרך) they differ as to one who wrote on the Sabbath two such letters as Alef, Alef (of ăazzerkha Isaiah 45, 5) being merely vowels; see בגלטורי.] ↗ original
אלפ"א Chaldaic (Aramaic) Alfa = Alef. Shir HaShirim Rabbah beginning the poet כד עביד א׳ בית"א when writing alphabetical acrostics. Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Ḥama b. Ḥ.) מן תלתא תלתא פסוקי בא׳ בית"א belonging to the alphab. acrostics (in Lamentations) of three verses for each letter.; and frequently (ἄλφα) Alpha, the first letter of the Greek Alphabet. Shekalim 3, 2. Menachoth 8, 1 א׳ לסולת best quality of flour. the same place (ibid.) 6. ↗ original
אִלְפֵּס common gender (= לֶפֶס which see) a tightly covered pot, stew-pot, contradistinguished to קדירה a boiling pot. Nedarim 51ᵃ a dish goes first in a pot קודם שיורד לאי׳ before it is put in a stew-pot for steaming. Yerushalmi (prefix) Challah 1, 58ᵃ top of the page—Pesachim 37ᵃ מעשה אי׳ stew.—Bereshith Rabbah section 1, end כא׳ וכיסויו as a pot with its lid.—plural אִלְפְּסִין. Betzah 32ᵃ, see אִירוֹנִית. ↗ original
*אִלְצָרִין (Syriac (Peshitta) אלסרא Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 155; 212; an abbreviated or abbreviation of אלכסנדרין, see אֲלַכְסִין) a species of pistachio (tree or fruit). Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 2, beginning 22ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 1, 48ᵈ bottom of the page אלצ׳.—Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 1 אילס׳. the same place (ibid.) 3, 14 אִילָאסָרִין edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading אלרסין). ↗ original
*אלקולאון Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 11 שלמד א׳ בדעתו של הקב"ה, a corruption; read: שלמד אונקלס (עקילס) בן אחותו של הדריינוס; compare Tanchuma Mishpatim 5. [The entire clause seems to be a gloss.] ↗ original
אִלְקְטִי (ἑλικτή, supply (understood word) κλῖμαξ; see also הִילְקְטִי) winding staircase. Tosefta Eruvin 8, 11 (V, end) five compartments הפתוחות לא׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (edition אלקט) opening towards a common winding staircase. the same place (ibid.) ואסורין בהילקטי edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (edition באלקטון, variant reading בדיאלקטו correct accordingly) and are forbidden the use of etc. ↗ original
אִלְקָטִית , plural אִלְקְטִיֹּות (לקט, see הֶילְקֵט) stack of grain, shed for stacks in the field. [Comment. frequently קייט summer.] Maasroth 3, 7 the stores in הבורגנין והא׳ (Munich manuscript אלנקטיות) turrets and sheds in the field are exempt from tithes (until brought home). ↗ original
אלקים Pesikta Rabbati section 21, edition Friedman p. 108ᵃ, read ולוּקְיוֹס, see גַּייוּס↗ original
אַלְקַפְטָא (ἀργαπέτης, ארגבטא, Palm. inscript., Zeitschr. der Deutsch. Morgenl. Ges. 18, 89—90; Syriac (Peshitta) ארזבד, Pers. arzabedes; see Perl. Et. St. p. 105) Arkafta, a high dignitary in Persia. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 41, 44 (edition Vienna אַלְקַפֶּטַע); and elsewhere—Shevuoth 6ᵇ אלקפ׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 32ᵈ bottom of the page ארקב׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᵃ top Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition בסא …, correct accordingly).—Zevachim 96ᵇ (proverb) ארקפת׳ נקטן ביד ריח׳ אתי ליה ליד Munich manuscript (edition אלקפתא נקטן ריחא …) the Ark. took us by the hand, and the scent came into the hand (undue pride of accidental acquaintances. ↗ original
אִלַּרְיָא (ἱλάρια) day of rejoicing, both private and public; especially days of public rejoicings appointed by a new emperor, consisting of games, masquerades etc. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Sh’mini p. 193ᵇ while the King is engaged בא׳ שלו וכ׳ in his hilaria, ask of him what you need. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 4 לא היו עומדין באלירא וכ׳ (correct accordingly) (at Mount Sinai) they did not stand (as) in hilaria, but in awe, trembling etc. ↗ original
*אלריאa disease; probably a corruption of אִילְיָיא (εἰλεός, ileus) iliac passion, spasm of the abdominal muscles connected with vomiting. Git. 70ᵃ מיושב אחזתו א׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition דלריא as in the sentence following). ↗ original
אַלָּתָא (= Hebrew אַלָּה) post, pole, door-post. Targum Joshua 24, 26 (edition Vienna edition I אילנא).—plural (of אלותא) אַלְוָותָא. Targum Isaiah 6, 4 אַלְוַות (edition Vienna edition אֵילָוַות.) Bava Bathra 73ᵃ ומחינן ליה באלוותא Rashi (edition, singular אלותא) and we struck it with clubs; see, however, אִלִּיתָא. Betzah 33ᵇ ויהיב לן א׳ א׳ and gave us each several branches (Rashi), see, however, אַלְוָתָא. ↗ original
אַלְתּוּסְבְּרָאוֹת (אַל = עַל, a. תוס׳, see תּוּסְבְּרָא; compare I Chronicles, Book of 27, 25); see אַל־) comes thesaurorum, chief-treasurer. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 15 magor (his resort, stores) that is א׳ שלו his (the Roman Emperor’s) chief treasurer (or plur. treasurers). ↗ original
אִלְתִּיתIltith, name of a large fish (probably from its place, see חוּלְתָּא). Makhshirin 6, 3 (Mishnah edition אלתות). Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 5, 7. ↗ original
אַלְתַּר (= עַל־אֲתַר) on the spot, forthwith, always with לְ־. Gittin 3, 3 (Mishnah Talmud Yerushalmi (prefix) על אתר). Rosh Hashanah 6ᵃ; and very frequently (in Hebr. phraseology). ↗ original
אִםif, when. Mechilta Yithro, end כל א׳ שבתורה רשות every Im (If) in the Torah refers to voluntary actions (which you may or may not do) except three etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 7, 48ᵈ בגין דאמר א׳ because he said, If (I die), i.e. conditional divorce. Sukkah 53ᵃ א׳ אני כאן when I am here; and frequently whether. Yoma 3, 1; and frequently—א׳ … א׳ whether … or. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 6, beginning 33ᵃ א׳ פסח וכ׳ whether or not the Passover ceremonies supersede the Sabbath; and frequently [the same place (ibid.) אם יש תוחלת read יש וכ׳ אפשר, as before.]—אִם כֵּן (abbreviated or abbreviation א"כ) if this be so. Berachoth 1, 1; and frequently—אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן (abbr. אא"כ) only when indeed, not until, unless. Kethuboth 76ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original
אֵםmother, frequently = my mother. Shabbath 134ᵃ; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, beginning 81ᶜ הניח חק אִמֹּו left his mother’s lap (Palestine).—Bamidbar Rabbah section 10 (referring to immo Proverbs 31, 1) אמו זו … התורה וכ׳ ‘his mother’ that means the Law which trained Solomon and which is called a mother of those studying it, as you read (Proverbs 2, 3; text אִם is read אֵםēm). womb, mouth of the womb. Chullin 3, 2 (54ᵃ) ניטלה האם וכ׳ if the mouth of the womb is absent, cut out. Bechoroth 4, 4 (28ᵇ).—Transferred legitimate existence, authority. Sukkah 6ᵇ, and frequently יש א׳ למסורת the traditional Scripture text (letters without vowels) is authoritative in Biblical interpretation, opposite יש א׳ למקרא the traditional reading (vowels) must guide us, e.g. בחלב (Exodus 23, 19) may be read בַּחֲלֵב as the traditional vocalization, or בְּחֵלֶבin the fat of.— plural אִמָּהוֹת, אִימָּהוֹת. Kiddushin 4, 4 her genealogy must be traced back ארבע א׳ to the mothers of four generations (on each side) which is eight mothers. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 2, 20ᵇ bottom of the page they are not אֲמָהוֹת אלא אִימָּהוֹת maid-servants but mothers (of the nation).—Transferred א׳ של בצליםseed-onions. Peah 3, 4. Eruvin 29ᵃ; and elsewhere—Chaldaic אִימָּא. [Koheleth Rabbah to 12, 7 א׳ דבצלי׳, see אַמָּה.] ↗ original
אְמָא 1 feminine = Hebrew אָמָה. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 23, 18; see אַמְהָא↗ original
אֲמָא 2 , fut. יֵימָא, imper. אֵימָא (√אם to join, see אמר) to say, speak, think. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 33, 10.—Freq. in Talmud.—אפילו תימא even if you will say, i.e. it may come right even if you assume that etc. Sukkah 13ᵇ; and frequently—מי לֵימָא, (מי)נֵימָא, or לימא must it be said, does it mean to say? the same place (ibid.); and frequently—(ואי) וכי תימא and if you should object. the same place (ibid.); and frequently—אלא אימא but rather say, i.e. the correct version is. the same place (ibid.); and frequently—אימא סיפא now read the second clause, i.e. how will you understand etc.? Berachoth 21ᵇ; and frequently—אֵימָא I might think. the same place (ibid.); and frequently—הוה אמינא I might have thought, I might have been led to believe. Eruvin 74ᵇ מאי הוה א׳ what might I have been led to believe?; and frequently—נימא כוותיה let him express his opinion in agreement with his authority, i.e. why does he not say so expressly? Taanith 3ᵃ; and frequently—Pesachim 7ᵇ היכי נימא what else should he say? נימא למול should he use the expression lamol?—Gittin 47ᵇ, and frequently ס"ד אמינא it may occur to you to think; see דַּעְתָּא. Yoma 85ᵇ אי הואי התם הוה אמינא had I been there, I should have said.—קאמינא = קא אמינא I say, speak of, see קָא. Gittin 47ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original
אִמָּאוּס (Ἐμμαούς, Ἀμμαούς, hellenized form of חמה, חמתה) Emmaus, Ammaus, a town in the plain of Judæa (or Philistæa), renowned, in Talmudic days, for its warm springs and luxurious life. Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 7, and elsewhere [the same place (ibid.) 11 אימוניס probably אימאוס.] Cmp. דימסית. [Other forms: עמאוס, עמיס, אמאום, עמאים. For other places by that name, see Neubauer Geographie du Talmud, Paris 1868 p. 100.] ↗ original
אַמַּאי (= עַל מַאי = אַלָּמָּה) wherefore? why? א׳ לא why not? Shabbath 48ᵃ. Eruvin 70ᵃ; and very frequently ↗ original
אַמְבּוּהָ (Pers. anbûh, Perl. Et. St. p. 18; compare, however, מבוא עם Ezek. Ezek. 33, 31) crowd, escort. Yoma 87ᵃ; Sanhedrin 7ᵇ. Sukkah 55ᵃ ↗ original
אִמְבֹּול , plural אִמְבֹּולִין (= עִינְבֹּול; ענב) little grape, i.e. clapper in the bell. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, beginning 7ᵈ עשה להן אמבולי (correct accordingly) he put clappers in. 5. אִנְבֹּול. ↗ original
אִמְבּוּרְקְלוֹן (ἐμβούρικλον, imburuclum, corruption of involucrum, D. C. under the word) wrapper, cover, bundle. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 4, beginning 9ᶜ המחליף א … ין בא׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (read … ון; edition אברוקלון באמבירוקלון, correct accordingly) if one exchanges one bundle for another; compare ציבור ibid.—plural אִנְבּוּרְקְרָאוֹת. Bava Kamma 114ᵇ edition (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אנבקראות, Munich manuscript אגבו׳, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). ↗ original
אַמְבְּטִי (√בט, see אַבְטָא; מ inserted) bath-tub, bathing reservoir. Nedarim 4, 4 (variant reading טיא …). Chagigah 15ᵃ אב׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אמב׳); and frequently—plural אִמְבְּטִיֹּות, אַמְבְּטָאוֹת (אמבטיאות). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, 6ᵃ.—Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 40ᵃ אמבטי׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אבטאות); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 3 (4), 3 edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) אבטאות (variant reading אמבטאות) baths in large cities with ambulatories (see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Baths). [Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 3, beginning 29ᵈ א׳ של בצק (?), probably a corruption.] Cmp. בְּטַח 2. ↗ original
אַמְבְּטִיתָא (deriv. of אמבטי) water of the bath-tub, waste of the bath-tub. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 8, 11ᶜ ההן דמשזג (גו) א׳ וכ׳ he who washes (his anus) in etc., is liable to a disease of the rectum. ↗ original
אִמְבְּרָא (compare עִבּוּרָא; מ׳ inserted) crop, store. Kethuboth 105ᵃ smelt at (was an expert of) א׳ דחמרא (Rashi, plural) wine stores.—plural אִמְבְּרֵי. Gittin 56ᵃ קלנהו להנהו א׳ וכ׳ set fire to all those stores of wheat and barley. ↗ original
אֶמְגּוּזָא (= אגוזא, see foregoing) nut. Shabbath 109ᵇ מא׳ אליבא וכ׳ from eating a nut on an empty stomach. Menachoth 35ᵃ כי א׳ in the shape of a nut; and elsewhere—plural אֶמְגּוּזֵי. Chullin 59ᵃ. Bava Metzia 60ᵃ ↗ original
אַמְגֹּושָׁאmagus, magian, a Persian priest and interpreter of dreams; magician, sorcerer. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Exodus 7, 15; 8, 16.—B. Beth. 58ᵃ. Yoma 35ᵃ (Chullin 62ᵇ) פרוה א׳ Parvah is the name of a Persian magus after whom the cell in the Temple was named.—Shabbath 75ᵃ א׳ רב ושמואל variant reading (read אַמְגּוּשְׁתָּא).—plural אַמְגֹּושֵׁי. Sanhedrin 98ᵃ אי בטלי יהירי בטלי א׳ when (in Israel) the haughty shall cease to exist, the magians (among the Persians) shall cease. ↗ original
אַמְגּוּשִׁי (see the preceding) a follower of magianism, believer in sorcery. Moed Katan 18ᵃ ↗ original
אַמְגּוּשְׁתָּא (deriv. of the preceding words) magianism, magian practices. Shabbath 75ᵃ א׳ רב ושמואל Munich manuscript (edition מגושתא, variant reading אמגושא) as to magianism Rab and Samuel differ, one declaring it to be sorcery, the other—blasphemy. ↗ original
אָמַד (√מד; see מָדַד) to form an approximate estimate, to guess; to appraise, judge, deliver an expert’s opinion. Eruvin 58ᵇ אוֹמְדוֹ וכ׳ he forms an approximate estimate of the height of the hill, and passes on. Sanhedrin 78ᵇ אֲמָדוּהוּ למיתה they (the experts) declared his injuries to be fatal; (Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 9, 27ᵃ bottom of the page, also עמד׳) א׳ לחיים the opinion was that he would recover; and frequently—Chullin 51ᵃ אמדה נפשה the animal before taking a leap measures its strength. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶאֱמִיד same. Bereshith Rabbah section 64 שהאמידו אותה they had appraised it (the field,—as to how much it would yield). 5. אוּמָד↗ original
אֲמַד Bechoroth 61ᵃ להכי אמדתיך I guessed this was thy intention. Kethuboth 68ᵃ הא דאמידניה in the one case it means that we have formed an opinion about him (know whether he is stingy or liberal).—participle pass. אָמִיד. Arachin 20ᵃ הא א׳ וקאי he stands appraised, he has been valued before this.—Hence אָמִידbelieved to be wealthy. Bava Kamma 62ᵃ איניש א׳. Kethuboth 85ᵇ ידענא ביה דלא א׳ I know he is not rich. Bava Bathra 8ᵇ.—the same place (ibid.) 52ᵃ אם אֲמִידָא לך if you believe her to be wealthy. 5. אוּמְדָּנָא. ↗ original
*אַמַּדְלָא (= על מדלא, על מיד׳; דלי; compare דָּלִית) watchman’s lodge on top of trees. Shabbath 155ᵃ דרגא דא׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), Munich manuscript (edition דמַדְלָא) ladder for climbing up to the lodge. ↗ original
אמדלאי a word in a charm formula. Shabbath 67ᵃ Munich manuscript a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אמרלאי). ↗ original
אַמָּה , see אֵם) fore-arm, arm. Sotah 12ᵇ; Shemoth Rabbah section 1 אמתה חד אמר ידה the word אמתה (Exodus 2, 5)—one says it means אַמָּתָהּ, her arm, the other says it means אֲמָתָהּ, her maid-servant (see אָמָה).—Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Joshua 2) א׳ דבצלי׳ an arm (direction-post) etc.; see בְּצַל; Koheleth Rabbah to 12, 7 אם.—אַמַּת (בית) השחי the arm up to the axilla, arm-pit, name of an opening in a Temple door; see however, below. 4).—2) cubit, a measure equal to the distance from the elbow to the tip of the middle-finger. Kethuboth 5ᵇ; Menachoth 11ᵃ זו א׳ this one (the middle-finger) is used for defining the cubit measure. Kelim 17, 10 אַמַּת הבנין וכ׳ the standard cubit of the Temple proportions was six, that of the vessels five hand-breadths. Shabbath 31ᵃ א׳ הבנין the builder’s cubit (instrument).—א׳ על א׳ square-cubit. Yoma 31ᵃ; and elsewhere—Zevachim 62ᵇ (גרומה) א׳ גדומה; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 4, 41ᶜ bottom of the page גמודה a reduced cubit; see גָּדַם; also called א׳ בת ששה עצבות a cubit of six hand-breadths pressed together (sorrowing), opposite to א׳ (בת ששה) שוחקות a cubit of six wide-spread (laughing) hand-breadths. Eruvin 3ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 6, end, 50ᵇ.—Bereshith Rabbah section 31 (א׳) תביקין Theban (Egypt.) cubit(?). Bava Bathra 99ᵇ אמה בית השלחין land for digging a dyke of one cubit’s width; א׳ בית הקילון (variant reading קלון, סילון) land for a creek or pond for watering cattle and washing clothes, of one cubit’s width. (= אצבע) membrum virile. Shabbath 108ᵇ. Niddah 13ᵃ and the following Bava Kamma 19ᵇ properly river-arm, hence canal, dyke, sewer. Peah 2, 2 אַמַּת המים.—Yoma 5, 6 אלו ואלו מתערבין בא׳ the blood of both was mixed in the sewer; Tamid 3, 6; Bava Metzia 33ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Horayoth 3, 48ᵇ top אמת (בית) השחי a sewer in the Temple called the duct of the arm-pit (from its shape; see Grætz Monatsschr. 1880, p. 289; [emendation שית unnecessary]; see above.—plural אַמֹּותcubits. Kelim 17, 10; and frequently ↗ original
אָמָה see אֵם; compare the preceding) hand-maid. Sotah 12ᵇ, see the preceding; and elsewhere—plural אֲמָהוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 2, 20ᵇ bottom of the page; see אֵם; and elsewhere ↗ original
אַמְהָא Targum Job 31, 13. Targum Genesis 16, 1; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 81ᵈ.—Megillah 18ᵃ; and frequently—Eruvin 53ᵇ.—plural אַמְהָתָא; אַמְהָן. Targum Genesis 20, 17; and frequently ↗ original
אַמְהוּ Targum Onkelos Exodus 21, 7 and elsewhere (Concrete: servant.); compare אִיתּוּ. ↗ original
אַמְהוּת (אָמָה) servitude of a maid, servile condition. Mechilta Mishpatim, sect. 3 קידוש אחר א׳ the father’s privilege of giving away his daughter in marriage is valid even after having hired her out as a servant. ↗ original
אמודין Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 9, 27ᵃ, read אוּמָדִין, plural of אוּמָד. ↗ original
אִמּוּם (= אמאום, denominative of אֵם) model, form, shoe-maker’s last, etc. Kelim 26, 4; 23, 1.—the same place (ibid.) 16, 7 הא׳ של גודלי וכ׳ the block of the cap-makers; של עושי וכ׳ of dressmakers. Shabbath 141ᵇ Munich manuscript (edition אימוס, correct accordingly); and frequently ↗ original
אָמוֹן 1artist; (homilet.) a) = אוֹמֵן, tutor; b) = אָמוּןnursed (well-covered);guarded; c) = next word, metropolis, (great). Bereshith Rabbah section 1. ↗ original
אָמוֹן 2 (Biblical Hebrew No-Amon (Thebes) in Egypt. Bereshith Rabbah section 1 (= Alexandria, the metropolis).—[ A., near Tyre. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 2, 22ᵈ top; Tosefta Shevi'ith 4, 9 עמק.] ↗ original
אֱמוּנָהfirmness, faith, honesty, surety. Bava Bathra 10, 8, and elsewhere לא על אֱמוּנָתוֹ הלוהו at the time he extended the loan, he did so not because he was relying on his (the friend’s) surety. the same place (ibid.) שכן על א׳ וכ׳ for in this case he did etc. Avodah Zarah 55ᵃ אנו נאבד את אֱמוּנָתֵנוּ shall we abandon our honesty? Chullin 133ᵇ אין א׳ בכותים Samaritans are (usually) not trusted. Tamid 28ᵃ א׳ יתירה scrupulous honesty. 5. אֲמָנָה. ↗ original
אֲמוֹרָא (אמר) speaker, lecturer, interpreter; especially Amora, one who, in lengthy popular discourses, expounds what the lecturer (Tanna, see תַּנָּא) says before him in brief and in a low voice; often called מְתוּרְגְּמָן. Shemoth Rabbah section 8, end כשם שהדורש … והא׳ וכ׳ as the lecturer sits … and the Amora speaks in his presence.—Sanhedrin 7ᵇ קום עליה בא׳ stand by him as an expounder. Taanith 8ᵃ, and frequently אוקים … א׳ עליה ודרש S. … placed an Amora by his side and lectured. Sotah 40ᵃ ואמר אֲמוֹרֵיה חד טעמא and his Amora gave a different reason. Chullin 15ᵃ do people listen to the Tanna? לא׳ צייתי they listen to the Amora. in a particular sense אֲמוֹרָא, Amora (Amoraïm), that class of Talmudic authorities who lived after the final redaction of the Mishnah, and whose discussions on the opinions of the Tannaïm or authors of the Mishnah and Boraitha, are deposited in the Guemara, thus adding a second element to the development of the oral law, called Talmud.— plural אֲמוֹרִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 2ᶜ top, and elsewhere תרי א׳ two Amoraïm differ, for which Babli usually: … אֲמוֹרָאֵי נינהו ואליבא two Amoras differ in their relation (or conception) of the opinion of … Shevuoth 40ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original
אֲמוֹרָאָה (= the preceding) teacher. Targum Job 3, 17.—plural אֲמוֹרָאִין. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Numbers 21, 29. ↗ original
אֱמוֹרָאָה (= Hebrew אֱמוֹרִי) Emorite. Targum Genesis 15, 16; and frequently—Kethuboth 112ᵃ בר א׳.—plural אֱמוֹרָאֵי. Targum Exodus 3, 8; and frequently—פרק א׳ the chapter treating of idolatrous practices (see אֱמוֹרִי). Shabbath 67ᵃ, (see Tosefta Shabbath Chaldaic (Aramaic) 7, and the following). ↗ original
אֱמוֹרִי (Biblical Hebrew) Emorite; Emorean. Bereshith Rabbah section 41 none among the nations are קשה מא׳ more obstinate than the Em.—Transferred Emorean, superstitious, heathen-like. דרכי הא׳superstitious practices. Shabbath 67ᵃ, and frequently אין בו משום דרכי הא׳ is not to be looked upon (not forbidden) as an imitation of etc.; יש בו משום דרכי הא׳ it is forbidden because it has the appearance of superstitious practices. ↗ original
אַמְטוּ (abbreviated or abbreviation of next word) on account of, for the sake of. Berachoth 56ᵃ bottom of the page א׳ זוזא וכ׳ for the sake of thy zuz (which has been refused, see Munich manuscript in Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) shall the wardrobe of the king go to ruin? Vayikra Rabbah section 27 א׳ בעירא כ׳ for the sake of the tender cattle.—א׳ הכי, א׳ להכיtherefore. Nazir 25ᵃ. Bava Kamma 71ᵃ; 71ᵇ (Manuscript Hamburg הכי אמטול); and frequently 5. אָטוּ. ↗ original
אַמְטוּל (= על מטול; טול, טלל) for the protection of, whence (= Hebrew בְּעַד, בִּגְלַל) for the sake of, on account of etc. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 9, 7; and frequently 5. מְטוּל and preceding word↗ original
אַמְטוּלָתָא = the preceding, only with suffix of personal pronoun. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 9, 7 לָתָךְ … = Hebrew בעדך. Targum Job 1, 10 לְתֵּיה … around him (protecting him). Targum Psalms 7, 8 אַמְטֻלְתָּהָא for her sake; and elsewhere—Kethuboth 67ᵇ אַמְטוּלְתֵּיה for his sake. ↗ original
אַמְיַינְטוֹן (ἀμίαντος, ἀμίαντον) amiant, a variety of asbestos from which the reputed asbestos linen was spun, which was cleansed by being thrown into the fire. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 11; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Beshallach p. 92ᵃ. [Devarim Rabbah section 7, end אסיטון; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 23, 2 הסיטון; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 850 אמיטון; correct accordingly]—Deriv. המיינטון, read הַמְּיַינְטֵןhe who cleanses the amiant. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᶜ top of the page ↗ original
אָמִיר (participle passive of אֲמַר) told, proclaimed, commanded. Targum Micah 5, 1. Targum Malachi 1, 6; and frequently ↗ original
אֲמִירָה 1 (אמר 1) speaking, speech. Bereshith Rabbah section 5, beginning לא א׳ לא דיבור no (power of) speech or word; and frequently—הא א׳ this is speech, i.e. this is right. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 4, 22ᵇ top; 6, beginning 23ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 9, beginning 6ᵈ (contracted) הא׳ same. the word amar (אמר) in the Scripture text. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 7, 25ᵇ bottom of the page נאמר כאן א׳ וכ׳ here amar is used etc.; as well as amar here indicates that the word is considered a deed etc.; and elsewhere dedication (compare אֵימוּרִים. Kiddushin 1, 6 אֲמִירָתוֹ לגבוה וכ׳ dedication to the Lord (by word of mouth) is equal to what delivery is in private transactions.—plural אֲמִירוֹת mostly in the sense of 2). Bamidbar Rabbah section 14, end א׳ וציוויים texts in which amar and tsivvah occur; and frequently ↗ original
אֲמִירָה 2 (see the preceding 3); compare Psalms 4, 5; 96, 10; Isaiah 3, 10) proclamation, receiving homage. Shemoth Rabbah section 29 when a human king יוצא לא׳ וכ׳ comes forth for a reception of homage, he comes forth singly (not with his army). distinction, ornament. Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 244, see אִימְּרָה. ↗ original
אֲמִיתִּי (אמת) true, truthful. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 7, 11ᶜ. Bereshith Rabbah section 70 do ye not admit יעקב א׳ that Jacob was truthful? Bereshith Rabbah section 78. [In later Hebrew: real.] ↗ original
אֲמַלְתְּרָא (μέλαθρον) main-beam of the ceiling, ceiling; beam projecting outside the house, cornice. Eruvin 3ᵃ (different interpretation or differently interpreted opinions as to the meaning of our word).—plural אֲמַלְתְּרָאוֹת, מַלְתְּרָאוֹת. Eruvin the passage cited א׳. Middoth 3, 7 מ׳. ↗ original
אָמַםto grow dim, (in Biblical Hebrew also to obscure, excel; see below). Shabbath 77ᵇ; Berachoth 53ᵇ; Pesachim 75ᵇ גחלים אוֹמְמוֹת (or עוֹמְמוֹת) dying coals (question as to spelling decided in favor of ע by reference to Ezek. 31, 8 ‘the cedars did not obscure him, i.e. excel his beauty). ↗ original
אָמַן , see אֵם; compare אַמָּה) to arrange in lines, array. ʿUktsin 2, 5 nuts שאֲמָנָן which one arranged (variant reading Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) שחמרן which one piled).—Denom. אוּמָןexpert, skilful, whence Pi'el פִּעֵל אִמֵּן, אִימֵּןto make skilful, to train. Shabbath 103ᵃ מְאַמֵּן את ידו he trains his hand (practicing). 5. next word↗ original
אָמֵן 1 (√אם, see אֵם; compare the preceding) to be strong, enduring; (active see אָמַןto support, see 2 Kings 18, 16 אֹמְנוֹת).—Pi. אִימֵּן, אִמֵּןto support; in a transferred sense to confirm, verify, approve. Tosefta Terumoth 1, 4 it is not the minor that made it T’rumah אלא אביו שאִימֵּן אחריו variant reading (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) שאומן) but his father who confirmed his act (= the same place (ibid.) קיים על יד); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 40ᵇ א׳ על ידו. the same place (ibid.)ᶜ top מְאַמֵּין. Nif'al נִפְעַל נֶאֱמַן (Biblical Hebrew) participle נֶאֱמָן masculine, נֶאֱמָנֶת feminine approved, trustworthy, reliable. Peah 8, 2 נֶאֱמָנִים על וכ׳ (the poor) may be relied upon concerning garnered fruit etc., i.e. if they declare the fruits to be the poor man’s share, they are exempt from tithes. Kethuboth 1, 6 נאמנת her statement is acted upon as true. Avodah Zarah 16ᵇ נ׳ עלי הדיין my judge is a reliable witness concerning me, i.e. I appeal to thy own judgment that I could not have engaged in such follies.—Demai 2, 2 if one resolves להיות נ׳ to be one of the reliable (conscientious in giving tithes); and frequently to be confirmed. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 2, 18ᵇ top אמן יֵאָמְנוּ הדברים Amen means, May the words (of the oath) be fulfilled. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶאֱמִין (Biblical Hebrew) to declare trustworthy, to trust, believe in. Demai 7, 1 והוא אינו מַאֲמִינוֹ but he (the invited guest) trusts him not in tithe affairs. the same place (ibid.) 3; and frequently—Avodah Zarah 16ᵇ הואיל וְהֶאֱמַנְתַּנִי עליך edition Pesachim, En Yak. (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note; edition הָאֳמַנְתִּיHof.; since thou didst declare me a reliable witness unto thyself (appealing to my judgment), see above; [Munich manuscript האמנת עלי thou reliedst on me]. Chaldaic, see הֵימַן. ↗ original
אָמֵן 2 see the preceding) firm, straight, whence Amen!, true! so may it be! Shevuoth 36ᵃ א׳ בו שבועה וכ׳ in Amen is implied an oath, a promise, and a prayer for fulfillment. Avodah Zarah 65ᵃ; and frequently fem., the response Amen. Berachoth 47ᵃ א׳ חטופה an Amen hastily pronounced (’men); א׳ קטופה an Amen cut short (ame-); א׳ יתומה an orphan Amen, the responder not having heard the benediction to which the Amen refers; Tosefta Megillah 4 (3), 27. ↗ original
אֲמָנָה see the preceding) faith, trust. Bava Bathra 48ᵇ; Kethuboth 19ᵇ if witnesses say א׳ היו דברינו our statement (over our signatures as to having seen the loan handed over) was a matter of trust (that the negotiation would be consummated afterwards). the same place (ibid.) שטר א׳ a bill of indebtedness signed on trust (that the loan would be consummated subsequently). Bava Metzia 63ᵃ א׳ בפירות advanced payment at present prices for future delivery; א׳ בדמים with the option of paying the difference. Bereshith Rabbah section 100 end, שמר א׳ to deal in good faith with. Tosefta Bava Bathra 5, 8 אֲמָנַת המדות honesty in measures. Bava Metzia 49ᵃ מחוסרי א׳ (the way of) those lacking honesty (unfair dealing); Bechoroth 13ᵇ מחוסר א׳; and frequently faith in Providence. Mechilta Beshallach section 6, see הַאֲמָנָה. Sotah 48ᵇ אנשי א׳ men of faith, trusting in God; the same place (ibid.) קטני א׳ wanting in faith; Bereshith Rabbah section 32 מחוסר א׳ same; and frequently Cmp. אֱמוּנָה, הַאֲמָנָה. ↗ original
אֲמָנָה 2 (Biblical Hebrew) Amanah, Abanah (Banas), a river crossing the city of Damascus. (Banas), a river crossing the city of Damascus. Targum 2 Kings 5, 12. אֲמָנָה, (אמנם) אֲמָנוֹס, אֲמָנוֹןAmanah, hellenized Amanos, Amanon etc. (Banias), a mountain range forming the northern limits of the Holy Land. Tosefta Terumoth 2, 12 אמנוס (variant reading אמנון, סמנון). the same place (ibid.) Challah 2, 11 אמנוס (variant reading אמנון). Git. 8ᵃ ון … (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אמנים, סמנים); Yerushalmi (prefix) Challah 4, 60ᵃ bottom of the page אמנם (referring to אמנה Song of Songs 4, 8). Shevi'ith 6, 1; Challah 4, 8 (Munich manuscript ם …); Shemoth Rabbah section 23. see טַוְורוֹס. ↗ original
*אמפומיות , Pirké d’Rabbi Eliez. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 42 חלונות א׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (in edition our word omitted); read אוֹפְסְיָינִיֹּות (denominative of אָפְסְיָין which see) glass-windows↗ original
*אַמְפּוּרִין (ἔμποροι) travelers, traders. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 25, 3 (a gloss to preceding תגרין; Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2 inserts אומנין for לְטוּשִׁם; Hebrew text אַשּׁוּרִים). the same place (ibid.) 46, 23 (Hebrew text חשים). [Bereshith Rabbah section 61, quoting Targum Genesis 25, 3, reads לופרין!] ↗ original
אִמְפִּילְיָא (plural of ἐμπίλιον, impilia) (pair of) felt-shoes, in gen. shoes, socks. Kelim 27, 6. Yevamoth 12, 1. the same place (ibid.) 102ᵇ א׳ של בגד cloth-shoes; א׳ של עור leather-covered shoes; and frequently—plural אִנְפִּילָאוֹת, אִנְפִּלָ׳, אִמְפִּילָיוֹת, אִנְפִּילִיןpairs of etc. Shabbath 120ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 16, 15ᵈ שתי א׳ two pairs etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 61. Yevamoth 102ᵇ ↗ original
אַמְפְּלַי (נָפַל; compare אוּנְקְלַי as to form) the merchant’s money-chest into which receipts are dropped through a slit. Shevuoth 7, 6 (45ᵃ) אמפלי Mishnah Nap. (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אמפו׳, edition אונ׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) אנ׳; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 10). Tosefta Maʿǎser Sheni 4, 11 edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) אינפו׳ (edition אונקלי, אונקולין). the same place (ibid.) Shevuoth 6, 4 אונכלי edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (correct accordingly; other edition אוּנְפְּלָא). Cmp. אוּנְפִּיל. ↗ original
אִמְפְּרָטוֹר (imperator) commander, Roman Emperor. Echah Rabbah to 1, 5 ביבי דומיני א׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition וביבא מארי אפלטור, see בִיבֵי) be saluted, my lord, the Emperor. Tanchuma Mikkets, 9 אמפורטור, אומפירטור (correct accordingly) ↗ original
אָמַץto press, harden. אוֹמְצֵי הלב hard-hearted. Tosefta Sotah 14, 7; see below. Pi'el פִּעֵל אִמֵּץ, אִימֵּץto make strong, to strengthen. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 3, 66ᵈ all shall be מְאַמְּצִין כחך strengthening thy power (assist thee). Sanhedrin 44ᵇ מאמץ עצמו וכ׳ who concentrates his energies for prayer. to press, close; to make impervious. Sotah 47ᵇ מאַמְּצֵי הלב those who close their hearts, the hard-hearted; see above. [Shabbath 23, 5 מאמצין את המת Yerushalmi (prefix) edition (Mishnah מעמ׳, Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 151ᵇ מעצמין, Munich manuscript מעמ׳) to close the eyes of a deceased person. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 17 (18), 19 לעַמֵּץ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading לאַמֵּץ). Shabbath 77ᵇ מעמצין או מאמצין וכ׳ is m’amm’tsin (the passage cited) spelt with ע or with א? Answer by referring to עוצם Isaiah 33, 15(!).] 5. אוּמְצָא. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְאַמֵּץto be closed. Tosefta the passage cited מִתְאַמְּצוֹת מאיליהן they will be closed of themselves. ↗ original
אֶמְצַע (see מְצַע; √מץ; compare Biblical Hebrew תָּוֶךְ, תֹּךְ, תְּכָכִים) [lying in a press], whence—בא׳ in the centre, between two extremes. Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 77ᵃ bottom of the page יהלך בא׳ he must walk between the extremes. Bava Metzia 70ᵇ יד הנכרי בא׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 40ᵃ top אצבע הגוי בא׳ the hand [finger] of the gentile is between, i.e. he has a share in it; and frequently—2) common fund, estate. Bava Bathra 10, 7 השכר לא׳ the profit belongs to the common fund. the same place (ibid.) 9, 3 השביחו לא׳ they improved for the common fund, i.e. the profit must be equally divided. the same place (ibid.) 144ᵇ מן הא׳ from the estate; and frequently Cmp. מְצַע, מִיסְוָון.—[Also in Chaldaic Targum Job 2, 8 (manuscript מצע) Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 22, 24 בא׳ between.] ↗ original
אֶמְצָעוּת (see the preceding) centre. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 1, 18ᵃ bottom of the page מ"ם באמצעותה the Mem is in the middle of the alphabet. ↗ original
אֶמְצָעִי (the preceding) central, middle.—Eruvin 5, 2 הא׳ the intermediate village, opposite חיצונים; and frequently—Shevi'ith 3, 4 הא … ית the central part of the field, lying in the middle. Kilayim 4, 8; and frequently—plural אֶמְצְעִיִּים, אֶמְצְעִיִּין masculine; אֶמְצְעִיֹּות feminine Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 2, 17ᵃ top; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 4ᵈ bottom of the page הא׳ (supply (understood word) ברכות) the intermediate (central) sections of the benedictions (between the first three and the last three). Kilayim 5, 2 הא׳ the central garden beds; and frequently ↗ original
אֶמְצְעִי also as a noun. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 4, 4ᵇ top I was present ברישא … ובא׳ at the discussion on the first, the last, and of the intermediate clause (or case). Berachoth 3ᵃ; and elsewhere ↗ original
אָמַר 1 (a) to join, knot; to be knotted, thick; b) to heap up; c) transf. to join words, compose, compare דבר; d) to contract, bargain, exchange. [As to Assyr. to see, compare חמא.]) to speak, think, say, relate etc. … א׳ ר׳ … א׳ ר׳ Rabbi … related in the name of R. … Berachoth 3ᵇ; and very frequently—participle passive אָמוּרexpression. Yoma 70ᵇ, and frequently הוא הא׳ וכ׳ it is the same expression (‘one ram’) used here and in the Book of Numbers. Sifré Deuteronomy section 334, and frequently אֱמוֹר מעתה say from now, i.e. from this draw the conclusion. Bereshith Rabbah section 39 תאמר שהבירה וכ׳ (usually שמא תאמר) will you say (is it possible), this castle has no commander?—אֲמוּרִים דברים במה (abbr. בד׳'א) in what case are these words said? i.e. this applies only. Chullin 3ᵃ; and frequently—זאת אוֹמֶרֶת this tells, i.e. this proves. Berachoth 11ᵇ; and frequently—אָמְרוּ it is said, told etc.; see next word—Inf. לוֹמַר = לֵאמֹר. Chagigah 14ᵇ; and frequently to vow, devote. אָמוּר (לגבוה) devoted to the Lord. Sukkah 55ᵇ; see אֲמִירָה I, 3, a. אֵימוּרִים. Nif'al נִפְעַל נֶאֱמַר (Biblical Hebrew) to be said, to read … נא׳ כאן … ונ׳ להלן we read here … and we read there … (the same expression is used here and there in the Scriptural text). Berachoth 9ᵃ; and very frequently—שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (abbr. שנ׳, שנא׳) for it is said in the Scriptures (as evidence in favor of an opinion). Sanhedrin 10, 1; and very frequently; also כמה שנ׳ (כמו) as it is said.—מִשּׁוּם שנ׳ because it is said in the Scriptures, i.e. you may possibly be misled by a certain expression to think …, therefore another term is used in its stead in an analogous case, or added to the ambiguous word; see שׁוּם. ↗ original
אֲמַר 1) as the preceding 1). Targum Genesis 1, 3; and very frequently—א׳ מר above you quoted an authority, or, it has been stated. Berachoth 2ᵃ; and frequently—א׳ קרא the Scripture says. the same place (ibid.) 13ᵃ; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Orlah 3, end, 63ᵇ, and frequently אמרונה בשם … (in Babylonian heb. אֲמָרוּהָ) they said it in behalf of … i.e. as a tradition.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 2ᵈ מילתיה אמרה his word (statement, opinion etc.) proves.—הדא אמרה = זאת אומרת; see the preceding—אַמְרֵי (Hebrew אָמְרוּ) they say, it is said. Shabbath 19ᵃ אמרו עליו על … ואמרי לה וכ׳ it is told about R. …, and another relation refers this to R.—; and frequently—קאמר, קאמרי etc. = קא אמר etc. Chullin 85ᵃ; and frequently—מנא תימרא whence dost thou prove? Shabbath 23ᵃ; and frequently—Inf. מֵימַר, מֵימְרָא. סבר מ׳, סבר למ׳ originally he was of the opinion. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᶜ top; Kethuboth 87ᵇ; and very frequently—לְמֵימְרָא does this mean to say? Shabbath 15ᵇ; and frequently לא אמרן אלא … אבל … this has been said, i.e. this applies only to a case … but if … Berachoth 43ᵇ; and frequently—כְּלוֹמַר as if saying, meaning to say, viz; see כִּילּוּ.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 4, 32ᶜ bottom of the page אימורין לבני וכ׳ say ye to etc.—מאי איכא למימר, see אִיכָּא; Answ. אֵימוּר say … Shabbath 6ᵃ; and frequently—Horayoth 13ᵃ א׳ כולה who orders every thing (as an etymol. of אֲמַרְכָּל).—2) to praise, proclaim. Targum Isaiah 8, 13; and frequently—participle passive אָמִיר which see Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְאֲמַר , contracted אִתְּמַר, אִיתְּ׳it is said, taught. Targum Job 34, 31.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 5, end, 43ᵃ אתאמרת, contracted אִתַּמְרַת it has been said with refer. to the opinion of …—אִתְּ׳, אִיתְּ׳it has been said (above);we have been taught. Sukkah 15ᵃ; and frequently Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְאַמַּרsame. Targum Genesis 22, 14; and elsewhere ↗ original
אָמַר 2 , see אָמַר I, a) to be thick, strong. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶאֱמִירto thrive; to boast, vaunt, be oppressive (compare Psalms 94, 4). Sotah 9, 15 (49ᵇ) יוקר יַאֲמִיר the nobility shall be oppressive (Sanhedrin 97ᵃ יְעַוֵּת; Derekh Erets Zut. X יעוות; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 13 הווה).—*[ (denominative of מריאto fatten. Shabbath 24, 3 (155ᵇ) Babylonian מַאֲמִירִין, manuscript Oxf., Mishnah a. Yerushalmi (prefix) מַמְרִים, מַמְרִין, see מרי.] ↗ original
אִמְרָהspeech. *Bereshith Rabbah section 42 play on Amraphel, א׳ אפילה (quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word אספרון) obscure speech (edition שהיתה אֲמִירָתוֹ אפ׳).—plural אֲמָרוֹת, construct state אִמְרוֹת. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Parah, p. 30ᵇ (promises); Tanchuma Ḥukk. 4. Pesikta Rabbati section 14. ↗ original
אַמְרָפֶל (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Amraphel, King of Shin’ar; see אִמְרָה. ↗ original
אֶמֶשׁtwilight, evening, nightfall. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Vayhi p. 63ᵇ; Pesikta Rabbati section 17 מא׳ (ו)עד חצות from nightfall to midnight. (adverb) this evening, last night. Megillah 3ᵃ, and elsewhere א׳ ביטלתם וכ׳ this evening you neglected the evening offering.—Sanhedrin 40ᵇ א׳ הרגו last night he killed him. Bava Metzia 60ᵃ שמרים של א׳ dregs of last night (yesterday), opposite to היום; and frequently ↗ original
אֱמֶת (Biblical Hebrew; = אמנת; אמן) truth, faith, reality. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 11, 30ᶜ top לחם א׳ bread of truth, unfeigned hospitality. Bereshith Rabbah section 96 חסד של א׳ true (unselfish) charity. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 70ᵃ top כאֲמִיתָּהּ של תורה as the Law itself, i.e. as though the Scroll of Esther were the Pentateuch. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 6, 37ᵃ top אֲמִיתָּן של דברים the truth of etc. Bamidbar Rabbah section 12 א׳ של תורה וכ׳ the truth of the Law is a weapon (of protection) to its owner.—בא׳ אמרו in fact they said that etc. Shabbath 1, 3; and frequently—Bava Metzia 60ᵃ, and elsewhere כל בא׳ אמרו הלכה היא wherever an opinion is introduced with the words ‘In fact they said’ it means to say that it is an established legal rule. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, 3ᵇ bottom of the page, and elsewhere כ׳'מ ששנו בא׳ וכ׳ wherever the Mishnah says, ‘In fact’, it indicates a rule dating from Moses on Sinai, i.e. an ancient tradition; see Frankel Darké p. 286.—הא׳ indeed? Tanchuma Noah, 10 (edition Buber edition 15, correct accordingly); see אוֹנְטוֹס. ↗ original
אַמְּתָאcubit. Targum Exodus 25, 10; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 8, 22ᶜ bottom of the page א׳ אישתא a cubit has six hand-breadths; and frequently membrum virile. Moed Katan 17ᵃ טרקיה אאַמְּתֵיה stung him on his membrum. in a transferred sense enclosure; protection (compare חוֹמָה). א׳ דריחיא enclosure of the millstones, mill. Berachoth 18ᵇ.—plural אַמִּין (frequently אַמָּא). Targum Ezek. 40, 5; and frequently אַמָּהָתָא. Chullin 59ᵇ תשע א׳ nine cubits. ↗ original
אֲמָתוֹתthe use of the wordאֲמָת־. Berachoth 31ᵇ שלש א׳ three times אֲמָת־ (I Samuel 1, 11; Munich manuscript אֲמָהוֹת). ↗ original
אֲמַתְלָא (Yerushalmi (prefix) מַתְלָא) masculine (compare Hebrew משל) something tangible (= דבר שיש בו ממש); plausible reason for correcting or retracting an evidence. Kethuboth 22ᵃ אם נתנה א׳ וכ׳ if she offers a reasonable explanation of her contradictory statements, her second one is accepted. Gittin 9, 9 ובלבד שלא יהא שם א׳ provided no reasonable explanation is offered to show how the report may have arisen by mistake; and frequently 5. מַתְלָא. ↗ original
אֲמַתְלַאיAmathlai, legendary name of Abraham’s mother (א׳ בת כרנבו), and of Haman’s mother (א׳ בת עורביתא). Bava Bathra 91ᵃ ↗ original
אֵמְתָן (denominative of אֵימָה; י absorbed by preceding א; compare next word) one who rules through fear, tyrannical. plural אֵמְתָנִין. Derekh Erets 2, beginning; compare Rosh Hashanah 17ᵃ. see אֵימְתָן. ↗ original
אֶמְתָנִי (see the preceding) fear-inspiring, powerful. Daniel 7, 7 (quoted Bereshith Rabbah section 44 אימ׳; Shemoth Rabbah section 25 אימתנו; Vayikra Rabbah section 13 אימ׳ a. אמ׳; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 77; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 536 אמ׳). [Ges. H. Dictionary אֶמְתָּנִי, not found in editions, frequently מתןto be strong; compare, however, אֵמְתָן a. אֵימְתָן.] [Edit. Letteris, Berlin edition 5644 a. masculine, אֵימְתָנִי.] ↗ original
אָן ² ; (interrog.) where? Targum Genesis 4, 9; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 8, 44ᵈ bottom of the page אן מן הדה (read … מן אן) wherefrom this? i.e. where is your authority? Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 12, 12ᵈ bottom of the page ההן סבא לְאָן ליך of what use is this old man to thee?; and elsewhere—(relat.) where, wherever. Vayikra Rabbah section 27 beginning א׳ את יהיב וכ׳ (Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 727 הן) wherever thou givest, thou givest abundantly. ↗ original
אָנָּא (Biblical Hebrew) oh! I pray. Sukkah 3, 9. Yoma 6, 2. ↗ original
אֲנָא , emph. אֲנָנָא Chaldaic (Aramaic) = Hebrew אֲנִי, I. הא אנא contracted הָאנָא. Targum Onkelos Genesis 22, 7; and frequently—Chullin 2ᵇ א׳ וכ׳ as to myself etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 68ᵈ bottom of the page דאננא משלים וכ׳ that I myself should surrender the country.—plural אֲנַןwe. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 43, 8; and elsewhere—Berachoth 49ᵇ נחזי א׳ let us see; and frequently—אֲנַחְנָא, נַחְנָא. Targum Onkelos Genesis the passage cited; and frequently— ↗ original
אִנְבָּא 1 = אִיבָּא I, fruit, produce. Daniel 4, 9.—Targum Job 31, 12; and elsewhere ↗ original
אִנְבָּא 2אִינְבָּא feminine (= עִינְבָּא) [berries], eggs of lice, nits. Nazir 39ᵃ. Taanith 22ᵇ מתחזי ליה כי אנ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (Munich manuscript ומחזי כי אינ׳, edition מתחזי איניבא) looked as small as etc.; see יניבא. ↗ original
אַנְבַּג (see נַבְגָּא; whence ἄμβικος, ἄμβιξ, ambiga) a small cup; a measure containing one fourth of a Log. Bava Bathra 58ᵇ on the gates of … it is written, אנבג אנפק וכ׳ (manuscript different interpretation or differently interpreted order) Anbag, Anpak a. Antal (as the same measures). Kiddushin 70ᵃ לישתי מר אנבגא will you take a cup (of wine etc.)? [Popular pronunciation: anpak.] Shabbath 109ᵇ אנפקא; and elsewhere ↗ original
אִנְבֹּול (= עִינְבֹּול, see אִמְבֹּול) clapper of a bell.— plural אִנְבֹּולִים, ין … Zevachim 88ᵇ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition עינבלין). Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 1, 13 עשה לה האנבילים edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (read … להם אנבולים) if he put clappers in. the same place (ibid.) אנביליהן (correct accordingly). ↗ original
אַנְבְּטַי (נבט; = Biblical Hebrew מצפה) observatory, watch-tower, battlement. plural אַנְבְּטָאוֹת. Shemoth Rabbah section 12 the hailstones formed א׳ א׳ lines of battlements; (Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 78 כותל). 5. אמבוניא. ↗ original
*אַנְבְּטֵי (see the preceding) platforms or elevations erected for public spectacles. Yalkut Shimoni Esther 1058 all the people shall go out להדין א׳ (read להנהו א׳; Vayikra Rabbah section 28, end להון פרטי, correct accordingly) to the spectacular elevations, for a Jew (Mordecai) is to be hanged. 5. אמבוניא. ↗ original
אַנְגְּרַבְטֵיס (ἀγγαρευτής, ἀγγαρευτάς) commissioner or superintendent of forced public labor; see אַנְגַּרְיָא. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Beshallach 92ᵇ אתמני א׳ (for variant reading see Buber edition, note) was appointed angareutes. ↗ original
אַנְגַּרְיָא (ἀγγαρεία, angaria) forced labor, service, especially seizure for public services or works. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 2ᵈ bottom of the page איתצדית בא׳ וכ׳ I was pressed into service to carry myrtles etc. Bava Metzia 6, 3 (78ᵃ) נעשית א׳ (the ass) was seized for public service. the same place (ibid.) 78ᵇ בא׳ חוזרת in the case that the animal pressed into service is sent back again. Vayikra Rabbah section 12 שמעון א׳ במדינתא they heard that seizure for public service was to take place in the country. Esther Rabbah introduction והלך זו א׳ hălakh (Ezra 4, 13) means angaria (see אנגרוטינא). Sanhedrin 101ᵇ; and frequently—plural אַנְגַּרְיוֹת. Vayikra Rabbah section 23 אע"פ שהן נגבין … וא׳ though annonæ and angariæ are collected from them. Yalkut Shimoni Esther 1051 א׳ של נשים levies of women (for the king).—Transferred בא׳ as a forced labor, reluctantly. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 112.—Pesikta Rabbati section 21 שלא באנגריס (correct accordingly) not as a forced labor. ↗ original
*אַנְדִּיפֵיlocks or ringlets falling from the temples. Shabbath 8, 4 כדי לעשות א׳ enough toilet material to make side curls (Mishnah, editio Pesaro אנטיפי, Nap. אנטפי, Talmud אונד׳). the same place (ibid.) 80ᵇ מאי כלכול ומאי א׳ what locks are meant by kilkul, and what by andifé? Answ. the upper and the lower etc. the same place (ibid.) אמר ר׳ יצהק דבי ר׳ אמי אנדיפה וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition אלא אמר ר׳ … אמר … אאַנְדִּיפָא) R. Isaac of the school of … (in reciting that Mishnah) used the word andifah (in the singular) upon which R. … asked ‘Will a person waste his money’ (i.e. of what use is the material for one curl so as to make a person guilty of a transgression when carrying it on the Sabbath)? the same place (ibid.) מאי אנדיפא אפותא by andifa (in the singular) is meant the lock on the forehead. the same place (ibid.) מחתיה באַנְדִּיפֵיה וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition incorr. באנדיפי) it stung him on his forehead and he died. [Rashi: = דיופי!] ↗ original
אַנְדִּיקוֹס , a popular corruption of ecdicus, see אֶגְדִּיקוֹס a. אַנְדִּיסְקֵי. ↗ original
*אנדכתרי , a corruption of אוּנְדִּיקְטָא or אֲוִינְדִּיקְטָא feminine (vindicta, Gr. form βινδίκτα, οὐινδίκτα) manumission of a slave by declaration before court (see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 section vv. Manumissio and Pileus). Gittin 20ᵃ but does not go free בכתב שע"ג כיפה וא׳ (ought to have read בכיפה וא׳, see below) by referring to his wearing a freedman’s cap or to a vindicta; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 4, 45ᵈ בכפה והרנירק טיאניס (read ובוינדיקטא); Treatise Abadim Chaldaic (Aramaic) 3 (edition Kirchh.) יוצא באנטוקטא (correct accordingly). [Commentators to Gittin the passage cited, misled by בכתב שע"ג וכ׳, guess at embroideries etc. 5. Révue des Etudes Juives 1883, Nr. 13, p. 150.] ↗ original
אַנְדְּרַאיBar Andrai (Andrew). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 9, 33ᵃ top אילין דבר א׳ those of the family of B. A. (who were very rich). 5. אַנְדְּרַיי. ↗ original
אַנְדְּרוֹגִינוֹס (ἀνδρόγυνος) hermaphrodite. Bikkurim 1, 5; and frequently ↗ original
*אַנְדְּרוֹנִיטִין (ἀνδρωνῖτις) banqueting hall, royal reception hall. Bereshith Rabbah section 8 אדריינטיס אני עושה אותה Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) (edition אינדרטין; correct accordingly) I shall make it into (use the vacant ground for the erection of) a banqueting hall. [The context forbids the identification of our word with אַנְדְּרִיאַנְטוֹס.] ↗ original
אַנְדְּרָטָא (a. contract. of ἀνδριάς‚—άντος) statue, also portable bust, image. Targum Esther 3, 2—5 (some edition plural, incorr.). Rosh Hashanah 24ᵇ a synagogue דאוקימו בה א׳ Munich manuscript (edition הוה בה א׳) in which they placed a bust (of a Persian king). Sanhedrin 62ᵇ; and frequently—plural אַנְדְּרָטֵי, אַנְדְּרָטַיָּא. Avodah Zarah 40ᵇ א׳ של מלכים royal (imperial) busts. Moed Katan 25ᵇ אתעקרו כל א׳ Munich manuscript (edition אתקציצו) all royal statues were overthrown. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, 42ᶜ top of the page [Bereshith Rabbah section 8 אינדרטין, see אַנְדְּרוֹנִיטִיס.] ↗ original
אַנְדְּרִיאַנְטוֹס (ἀνδριάς—άντος) statue, see אַנְדְּרָטָא. Shemoth Rabbah section 27 נפלה … של אנדרואנטיא (read נפלטה לתוך ידו של א׳) it escaped into the hand of a (royal) statue; (see ibid. ישבה על איקונין של מלך). Tanchuma P’kudé, 4 אדריונטוס (correct accordingly); Shemoth Rabbah section 51. [Bereshith Rabbah section 8 אינדרטין, see אַנְדְּרוֹנִיטִיס; see Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word אדרינטיס.] ↗ original
אנדרמוסיה Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see אנדרולומוסיא ↗ original
*אִנְדְּרַפְטָא (probably Pers.) Indrafta, name of two species of birds, one called Shabur And., and permitted, the other Peruz And., and forbidden. Chullin 62ᵇ ↗ original
אַנֹּונָא (annona) properly annual produce, hence ration, or portions of provision granted to courtiers as salaries or pensions. Bereshith Rabbah section 47 the king מעלה לו א׳ raised an annona in his behalf, i.e. granted him a pension. Bereshith Rabbah section 87 אני חותכת א׳ שלך Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition פרנסה) I shall cut down (reduce) thy pension; and frequently—plural אַנֹּונוֹת, אַנֹּונִיֹּות. Shemoth Rabbah section 41 אנונית (correct accordingly). Vayikra Rabbah section 23 נגבין אונניות (correct accordingly) annonæ are collected from them. Vayikra Rabbah section 10 אַנֹּונִים Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אַנֹּונָס annonas, according plural, incorr. edition אנינוס). [Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 7 read אֲטוּנָס.] Cmp. אַרְנוֹן, אַרְנוֹנָא. ↗ original
אֱנוֹשׁ see אינש) [being], man.— plural (of אִישׁ) אֲנָשִׁים, const. אַנְשֵׁי. Shemoth Rabbah section 25; and frequently—א׳ כנסת הגדולה (abbr. אכה"ג) the Menachoth of the Great Assembly, Synagoga Magna, a religious and judicial authority said to have been established by Ezra. Aboth 1, 1; and frequently; compare כְּנֶסֶת.—(ות) א׳ בית אב the division on duty of priests having charge of the services of the day; א׳ משמר the division of priests alternately on duty during one week; א׳ מעמד the division (of Israelites) assisting the priests on duty, by prayers etc. on the platform (מעמד) and divided in parties corresponding to the priestly divisions. Taanith 2, 6; 7; and frequently ↗ original
*אָנוּשׁ see the preceding a. strong, severe, overwhelming. Bamidbar Rabbah section 7 (referring to Isaiah 17, 11) א׳ לשון גברanush has the meaning of strong; Vayikra Rabbah section 18. ↗ original
אָנַחto press. Hithpa'el הִתְאַנֵּחַ to sigh. Berachoth 59ᵃ, see next word Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 391 מִתְאַנֵּחַ על כבודו וכ׳ is anxious for the honor of the Lord etc. ↗ original
אֲנַחPeilאָנִיחַ, Ithpaalאִתְאַנַּח same. Targum Lamentations 1, 4; 11.—Targum Isaiah 24, 7; and elsewhere Contr. אִתַּנַּח. Targum Onkelos Exodus 2, 23 late edition—Ithpeelאִיתְּנַח, אִתְּ׳. Berachoth 58ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) 59ᵃ אִתְּנוּחֵי מתנח Munich manuscript (edition אנחה מִתְאַנֵּחַ) he sighs.—Pesikta Rabbati section 18, end; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Haom. p. 72ᵃ שרי מיתנח he began to sigh. ↗ original
אַנְחָתָא (אנח) sighs. Targum Lamentations 1, 22. ↗ original
אַנְטְבִילָאBeth Ant’bila, name of a Jerusalem family. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 8, 21ᵃ bottom of the page Tosefta Peah 4, 11 נבלטא edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.), אנטיבלאי etc. (variant reading גבטלא, גלבטא). ↗ original
אַנְטוּכִי (see next word) Antiochian, native of Antiochia, resident of A. Gittin 44ᵇ אנטו׳; Tosefta Avodah Zarah 3 (4), 18; Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 4, 46ᵃ top אנטיו׳.—plural Chaldaic (Aramaic) אַנְטוּכָאֵי. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 10, 18 (edition אנטכואי, אנטוכיא correct accordingly; Hebrew text חֲמָתִי). ↗ original
אַנְטוּכְיָא (Ἀντιόχεια) Antioch, surnamed Epidaphnes, the capital of Syria founded by Seleucus Nicator, situated on the Orontes. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 13, 21; and elsewhere (Hamath in Bible).—Kethuboth 67ᵃ. Gittin 44ᵇ; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 6, 50ᵃ bottom of the page דפני של א׳ Daphne near Antiquities (Josephus); Vayikra Rabbah section 19 כייא …the country or district of Antiquities (Josephus), Antiochene. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 2, 22ᵈ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Niddah 3, 48ᵃ bottom of the page; and elsewhere; see חוֹלַת, חוּלְתָּא a. חֲמַת. ↗ original
אַנְטוֹנִינוֹסAntoninus, a Roman emperor frequently mentioned as a friend of R. Judah Han-Nassi, and supposed to be Antiquities (Josephus) Alexander Severus (Graetz) or Antiquities (Josephus) Marcus Aurelius (Rapaport, ʿErekh Millin a. other). Avodah Zarah 10ᵃ אסוירוס בר א׳ Severus son of A.; the same place (ibid.)ᵇ A. son of Severus.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 72ᵇ bottom of the page אית מילין וכ׳ there is one report that A. embraced the Jewish religion, another etc.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 29ᶜ אנטוני׳ a. אנטולי׳; compare Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᵇ top of the page—Koheleth Rabbah to 9, 10 אנטלימוס וכ׳ (correct accordingly) א׳ זעירא A. junior, grandson of the former. Ibid. to 10, 5.—[ (?) a Roman general mentioned in conversation with R. Joh. b. Zaccai; see אגניטוס.] ↗ original
אַנְטִיגְנוֹס (Ἀντίγονος) Antigonus, A. of Sokho, disciple of Simon the Just. Aboth 1, 3.—2) Betzah 34ᵃ, and frequently R. Elazar son of A.—Temurah 21ᵃ edition (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אטיטס). [Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 1, 19ᵈ, see אגניטוס.] ↗ original
אַנְטִיגְרָפִין (ἀντιγραφή) (= ἀντίγραφον) duplicate. Targum Esther 3, 14 Musafia (edition דיטגמא); Esther Rabbah to ibid. (explain. פתשגן the same place (ibid.)). answer to a letter. Bereshith Rabbah section 67 הב לי א׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אנטיגרפא, corrupted פי …) give me an answer (to the emperor’s letter). the same place (ibid.) הן א׳ where is the answer? ↗ original
אַנְטִידִיקוֹס (ἀντίδικος) opponent in a suit, in gen. adversary. Bereshith Rabbah section 82.—Bereshith Rabbah section 100 אנטירוקוס (correct accordingly); Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Naḥa’mu p. 126ᵃ; and frequently—plural אַנְטִידִיקִיןparties to a suit. Devarim Rabbah section 5 האנטיריקון (correct accordingly). ↗ original
אַנְטְיוֹכוֹסAntiochos (3) of Syria. Targum 2 Esther 1, 2. Bereshith Rabbah section 23; and elsewhere ↗ original
*אנטיטיה , corruptions; read אִימַטְיָא masculine plural (plural of ἱμάτιον) blankets used at the bath which may also serve as cloaks (see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Pallium). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᵃ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 82ᵃ (explain. the sort of בלנרי in question). ↗ original
אַנְטִיכְרִיסִיס (ἀντίχρησις) an agreement allowing the creditor the use of a pledged object (in place of interest on the loan). Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 6, end, 11ᵃ הדא א׳ ריבית הוא antichresis is considered usury. ↗ original
אַנְטִיפַּטְרִיסAntipatris, a town north-north-west of Jerusalem, founded by Herod the Great and named after his father. Gittin 7, 7 (76ᵃ) (the second ט frequently dropped). Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 7, end, 11ᶜ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 69ᵇ top … פריס; and frequently Tosefta Gittin 7 (5), 9 אנטיפרוס, פטרוס …, (correct accordingly) ↗ original
אַנְטִיפַּטְרִית (the preceding) of Antipatris, Antipatridic. Shabbath 90ᵃ נתר א׳ Munich manuscript (edition אנפנטרין, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אנטיפטרין); Niddah 62ᵃ אנטפטרית Antip. nitrum. ↗ original
אַנְטִיפִּיטָא … masculine (corruption of אַנְתּוּפָּטָא ἀνθυπατος) proconsul (residing in Cæsarea). Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 3, 74ᵃ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 5, 9ᵃ top; Koheleth Rabbah to 3, 6. [the same place (ibid.) to 11, 1 אוטפיטא, אנטפיטי and var. corruption in var. edition] ↗ original
אַנְטִיקֵיסַר (Ἀντι-Καίσαρος) Pro-Cæsare, the highest dignitary next to the Emperor; in gen. vice-roy. Bereshith Rabbah section 53; section 85, end (also אנטקיס׳). ↗ original
אַנְטַל (נטל) Antal, one fourth of a Log (liquid measure). Bava Bathra 58ᵇ; see נַטְלָא. 5. אַנְטְלַיָּא. ↗ original
אַנְטְלַיָּא (of אנטל; from which Greek ἄντλος, ἄντλον etc. and our word ἄντλεία, antlia) baling out bilge-water, pump (with wheels and buckets). Ruth Rabbah to 2, 19 גלגל אנטי׳; Vayikra Rabbah section 34 אנטל׳ (edition אנטילא, correct accordingly) the pumping wheel. Tosefta Makhshirin 3, 4 מפני א׳ שלהן on account of their baling machine (besprinkling the wheat). the same place (ibid.) Mikvaoth 4, 2 אנטיליא. ↗ original
אַנְטַרְדּוֹס (Ἀντάραδος) Antaradus, a Syrian town opposite the Isle of Aradus. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 3, 62ᵃ top of the page Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, 4ᵃ bottom of the page אנטייריס (correct accordingly).—Cmp. עַנְתּוּרְדַּיָּא.—Deriv. אַנְטְרִידָנָאֵיinhabitants of Antiquities (Josephus) Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 10, 18. ↗ original
אנטרי Pesikta Rabbati section 24, p. 122ᵇ edition Friedm. מטיילין בא׳, see אסלטין↗ original
אנטרין Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᵃ bottom of the page משקע בא׳, see באנטרין ↗ original
אנטריס , probably corruption of אַנְטִיפַּטְרִיס which see Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 4, 46ᵃ א׳ שרי if a slave escaped to A., he may be extradited; see אוֹנִי 2. ↗ original
אני (= Biblical Hebrew ינה, sec. root or radix of און, compare אָנַן a. Biblical Hebrew ענה); Pi'el (אִנָּה) אִינָּהto press, wrong, oppress; to impose, overreach in dealing, see אוֹנָאָה. Bava Metzia 59ᵇ המְאַנֶּה את הגר he who wounds a stranger’s (proselyte’s) feeling. the same place (ibid.) 49ᵇ תן לי מה שאִינִּיתָנִי return to me the amount with which thou hast overreached me. the same place (ibid.) 50ᵃ top מה שאניתני (Manuscript Rome 1 שנִתְאוֹנַנְתִּי, see below). the same place (ibid.) 51ᵃ שאניתני (Munich manuscript שאֲנַנְתָּנִי, frequently אָנַן; Mishnah the same place (ibid.) 4, 2 שאוֹנִיתָנִי, see אוֹנָאָה, Manuscript Rome 1 שהוֹנִיתָנִי, see הוֹנָאָה, Manuscript Rome 2 שאונתני, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְאַנֶּהto be overreached. the same place (ibid.) 49ᵇ מי נ׳ which of them has been overreached? the same place (ibid.) 50ᵇ מי שנ׳ (Munich manuscript מִתְאוֹנֶה); and frequently [Nithpol. of אנן, נִתְאוֹנֵן, see above.] [In. Yerushalmi (prefix) אוֹנָה, see אוֹנָאָה.] ↗ original
אֲנִי , see אָנֹכִי) I. Sukkah 53ᵃ; and very frequently—[the same place (ibid.) 4, 5 אני והו (Yerushalmi (prefix) והוא), reverential transcription of אנא יהוה, to avoid the utterance of the Tetragrammaton.]—plural אָנוּ. Kethuboth 1, 6; and frequently ↗ original
אַנְיָאקָא (see אוּנְיָיקִי) an abbreviation of בית אונייקי, Bithynia, a district of Asia Minor. Bava Metzia 46ᵇ דינר א׳ the Denars issued in Bithynia; see אַנִּגְרָא for variatio lectionis ↗ original
אַנִּיגְרָא proper noun of a place see אַנִּגְרָא; compare next word↗ original
אַנִּיגְרָא ² (= על ניגראby the creek) shore; see נִיגְרָא, נִגְרָא. Bava Metzia 107ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original
אניגרון Pesachim 112ᵇ, a word in a charm formula against thirst (variatio lectionis Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)), probably = next word↗ original
אֶנִּיגָרוֹן (ἐλαιόγαρον, נ corruption for ל) a sauce of oil and garum (to which wine is sometimes added). Berachoth 35ᵇ and the following א׳ מיא וכ׳elaiogaron contains the juice of beets; oxygaron the sauce of all kinds of boiled vegetables. Yoma 76ᵃ. Shevuoth 23ᵃ ודילמא ע"י א׳ perhaps if used as an admixture to elaiogarum? Tosefta Betzah 2, 16 א׳ ואכסיגרון ועליהן וכ׳ (Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 2, end, 61ᵈ אינגורין ובתוכן וכ׳, correct accordingly; compare Rashi to Shevuoth the passage cited). Tosefta Terumoth 9, 10; 12; Shevi'ith 6, 3. Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 18 אגרטין (correct accordingly). ↗ original
אֲנִינָה (אָנַן) grief, retired mourning, especially the status of the mourner between death and burial of a kinsman, contradistinguished to אֲבֵילָה, אֲבֵילוּת. Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Abbahu 4) א׳ מבפניםăninah is indoor (retired) grief. Yerushalmi (prefix) Horayoth 3, 48ᵃ top איזהו א׳ וכ׳ what is ăninah?—The time from death to etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 7, 35ᵃ top אֲנִינַת לילה תורה observance of ăninah by night is biblical. Bereshith Rabbah section 85 he is named Onanשהביא א׳ לעצמו because he brought mourning over his early death. ↗ original
אֲנִינוּת feminine same. Kiddushin 80ᵇ; and frequently in Babli. ↗ original
אֲנִינוּתָא Targum Lamentations 2, 5; and elsewhere ↗ original
אֲנִיסָא (אנס) oppression, ill-gotten wealth. Targum Isaiah 1, 13; and elsewhere ↗ original
אֲנִיסוּתָא (the preceding) oppression. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 5, 7; and elsewhere ↗ original
אֲנִיסִין (see נִיסוֹס; νῆσος) islands. Tosefta Terumoth 2, 12; Challah 2, 11; (also נסין a. ניסין; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 6, 36ᵈ ניסים; Gittin 8ᵃ נסין). ↗ original
אֲנִיסְכָּא com. (see נִיסְכָּא) made of cast metal, opposite ארוקתא of wrought or stretched metal. Shabbath 59ᵇ דא׳ כ"ע וכ׳ (Rashi edition דניסכא) as to those made of cast metal there is no difference of opinion. the same place (ibid.) א׳ עיקר (probably to be read מיקר, see Munich manuscript) what is made of cast metal is more precious (original). ↗ original
אָנִיץ (אנץ, ענץ, sec. root or radix of אוץ, עוץ) [tight bundle], only in plural const. (עֲ) פשתן אֲנִיצֵיflax-stalks after they are soaked, beaten and baked. Bava Metzia 2, 1 (21ᵃ). Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 1, 52ᵇ bottom of the page; Babylonian Sukkah 12ᵇ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), Munich manuscript, Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 6 עניצי); and frequently 5. אוּנִין. ↗ original
אֲנִיקָא (אנק) trouble, affliction. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 22, 20; and elsewhere—plural אֲנִיקֵי, אֲנִיקִין (often used as a singular). Targum Leviticus 21, 10 (affliction by death in the family); and elsewhere Cmp. אֲנַנְקָא. ↗ original
אֲנִיקוּתָא feminine same. Targum Psalms 102, 21. ↗ original
אָנַךְ (sec. root or radix of אך, compare חנך) to rub, polish, finish, especially to glaze vessels, to line (with onyx). Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 1, 3 כלים … שאֲנָכָן באנך וכ׳ (or שאִנְּכָןPi'el) clean vessels which one lined with unclean glaze (onyx); see אָנָךְ. (compare חֲכָךְ) to make sore, to grieve. Denom. אַךְ 2. ↗ original
*אֲנָךְ 1 (the preceding 2)) grief, wrong. Bava Metzia 59ᵃ all gates are sometimes closed except the gates (of prayer) of those wronged by men (see אוֹנָאָה), for it says, (Amos 7, 3) “Behold the Lord stands on the wall of anakh and in his hand he holds anakh (oppression).” the same place (ibid.) אונאה דכתיב ובידו א׳ the Lord hears the prayer of the wronged, for it says etc.; see אוֹנָיָתָא. ↗ original
אֲנָךְ 2 probably frequently a demonstr. אן, compare הן, דּוּךְ etc., a. אֲנִי, אָנֹכִי) plummet, plumb-line. Vayikra Rabbah section 33, beginning and elsewhere א׳ זה סנהדרי וכ׳ by the plummet (Amos 7, 7) the Great Sanedrin are meant whose number (71) corresponds with the numerical value of אׄנׄךׄ. ↗ original
אָנָךְ (אָנַךְ) ) Onyx Agate, a semipellucid stone of a fine flinty texture. Avodah Zarah 8ᵇ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אנך (edition אינך). a variety of gypseous alabaster, onyx; a glaze. the same place (ibid.) 11ᵇ ומחפין … בא׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition באי׳) the streets are paved with etc. (for the procession). Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 1, 3, see אָנַךְ. Vayikra Rabbah section 33 nothing makes the kettle durable אלא אֲנָכָהּ וכ׳ but its glaze lining; so says the Lord אֲנָכְכֶם וכ׳ I am your lining (stay) in trials (incorr. in some edition a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word נך). ↗ original
אָנֹכִי see אֲנָךְ 2; compare אִינָּךְ) 1. Pesikta Rabbati section 21, see אָנוֹךְ. Shabbath 105ᵃ א׳ נוטריקון anokhi may be interpreted as an acrostichon אׄנא נֹפשי כׄתבית יׄהבית I myself have written, have given (the Law). Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Baḥod. p. 109ᵇ; see אָנוֹךְ.—plural אֲנַחְנוּ, נַחְנוּ. Berachoth 14ᵇ; and frequently 5. אֲנִי, אָנוּ. ↗ original
אָנַן , see אָוֶן) to press, oppress, wrong, see אָנָה.—אוֹנָן one who feels grieved, mourner, especially Onan, mourner before the burial of a kinsman, contradistinguished to אָבֵל; see אֲנִינָה. Moed Katan 14ᵇ מקדיב א׳ may officiate at sacrifices though being an Onan.—plural אוֹנָנִין. Sanhedrin 47ᵇ לא היו מתאבלין אלא א׳ they observed no mourning ceremonies but lived in silent and retired mourning.—Fem. אוֹנֶנֶת. Kethuboth 53ᵃ.—Denom. אָנִיןcomplaining, fastidious, feeble. plural אֲנִינֵי הדעתfastidious of taste, easily taking an aversion, delicate. Pesachim 113ᵇ. Cmp. אִיסְתְּנִיס. Nithpa'el נִתְפַּעֵל נִתְאוֹנֵןto feel wronged, complain of being overreached, see אָנָה. ↗ original
אֲנַןto be grieved, to mourn. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 7, 4.—Denom. אָנִין; feminine אֲנִינָא, with דעתא = Hebrew אָנִין, see the preceding Chullin 112ᵃ א׳ דעתיה he was fastidious, delicate. Berachoth 24ᵇ; Bava Bathra 23ᵃ א׳ דעתאי I am etc. ↗ original
אֲנַנְקָא (= אֲנַקָּא, נ inserted; אנק) = אֲנִיקָא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 38, 25 אננקִי my distress.— plural אֲנַנְקֵי troubles. Targum 2, Esther 5, 1. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 22, 14 (Yerushalmi (prefix) I אֲנִיקֵי). Shir HaShirim Rabbah beginning none tells א׳ דידיה (some edition אונ׳) his troubles except after his release; Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 12 אנוקי, read אֲנִיקֵי.—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 38, 25 אֲנִינְקֵי Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) the distressed (edition עייקיא). Cmp. עוק a. deriv. ↗ original
אֲנַנְקָתָא (= Hebrew אֲנָקָה 2, נְאָקָה) a full grown camel. Midrash Tehillim to 104, 24 and the lion took pity on him (the dog), for she (the camel), (read דהיא) is a friend of the lion, וכלבא סעדא דא׳ and the dog is a friend of the camel; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 862 אקנקיתא, אקניקתא, Zay. Raan. ad loc. (on the passage) אַנְקִיתָא. ↗ original
אָנַסto bend, force; to do violence; to outrage etc. Chullin 45ᵃ א׳ בסימנים if one in cutting presses the windpipe and gullet out of their natural position. the same place (ibid.) אָנְסָה עצמה if the animal strained its neck so as to dislocate the organs. Gittin 44ᵇ; Chullin 131ᵃ הרי שאָנְסוּ וכ׳ if royal officers took forcible possession of (seized,) his barn. Kethuboth 3, 4 האוֹנֵס he who violates a woman. participle passive feminine אֲנוּסָהan outraged woman. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 6, 7ᶜ; and frequently—Masc. אָנוּסthe victim of an accident, unavoidably prevented. Nedarim 27ᵃ א׳ רחמנא וכ׳ the Merciful (the Law) acquits from responsibility him who is the victim of an unavoidable accident; and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל אַנַּסto violate. Bamidbar Rabbah section 14 לאַנְּסָהּ to violate her. Nif'al נִפְעַל נֶאֱנַסto be forced, overcome, to meet with an accident. Berachoth 13ᵇ נ׳ בשינה overcome by sleep. Chullin 31ᵃ נֶאֶנְסָה וטבלה if she dipped in the water by an accident the same place (ibid.) 45ᵃ ובלבד שלא תֵּאָנֵס provided the animal is not forced so that its organs be dislocated. Kethuboth 1, 10 נאנסה she was outraged; and very frequently ↗ original
אֲנַס , fut. יֵינַס Chaldaic (Aramaic) same; to take by force, snatch, rob. Targum 2 Samuel 23, 21; and frequently to oppress, rob (Hebrew עשק). Targum I Samuel 12, 3; 4; and frequently—Arachin 16ᵃ ואזלין ואנסין ליה and they (violent men) go and rob him (or force him to feed them, see Rashi ad loc. (on the passage)). Vayikra Rabbah section 34 (אַנְסִינוֹן) אַנְסִינָן אקימנן וכ׳ he forced them, made them managers of public charities. (compare ענש) to distrain, fine. Targum Amos. 4, 2; and frequently; see אָנוֹסָא. to urge, press; restrain. Bava Bathra 57ᵇ one must למַינַס נפשיה restrain himself (turn his eyes away forcibly). Chullin 133ᵃ א׳ ליה עידניה time pressed him.—participle passive אָנִיס 1) wronged etc. Targum Hosea 5, 11; and elsewhere—2) unavoidably prevented, forced, see the preceding Nazir 23ᵃ מינס א׳ he had no will of his own (being drunk). Nedarim 27ᵇ; and frequently Af'el . אוֹנֵיסto oppress. Targum Jeremiah 7, 6 (Hebrew text ינה). Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְאֲנֵס, אִתְאֲנִיס , contracted אִיתְּנִיס. to be robbed; to be fined, (of official extortion); etc. Targum Isaiah 21, 2. Vayikra Rabbah section 34 דאנון מארסוון (read דאתון מִתְאַנְּסוּן or דאינון מאנסכון; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 665 דאתון מזדמיין, see זמי) that you will lose through extortion etc. to meet with an accident, be unavoidably prevented. Nedarim 27ᵃ איתניס ולא אתא he met with an accident and did not come in time. the same place (ibid.) והא מֵינַס איתניס was he not unavoidably prevented (since he died during the appointed time)? Kethuboth 16ᵇ אִתְּנוּסֵי הוא דאתניסו they were prevented from forming the bridal procession [probably alluding to government interference; Rashi: through excessive drinking]. [איתניס to grow ill, see אִיתְנִיס a. נְסַס.] ↗ original
אַנָּס (the preceding words) one who acts violently, a violent man. Bava Bathra 45ᵃ סתם נכרי א׳ הוא as a rule the gentile is violent (lawless). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 60ᶜ top of the page—plural אַנָּסִין אַנָּסִים. Chullin 94ᵇ מפני הא׳ on account of the lawless (among the gentiles).—Esp. (law) Annas, one who is in possession of property bought from one who obtained it by force or consfiscation, owner of reclaimable property. Kilayim 7, 6 (5) הא׳ שזרע וכ׳ if an Annas put seeds into a vineyard (creating Kilayim), and it is reclaimed. the same place (ibid.) from what time and onward נקרא א׳ is one called an Annas (who may consider himself in undisturbed possession)? Answ. משישקע (see Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 31ᵃ) from the time the name of the original owner is sunk (when the property is no longer named after him).—plural as above. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 4, beginning 54ᵇ, see הֶפְקֵר. ↗ original
אֲנַסְיָא Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 10, 2, see אוסיא↗ original
אַנְפָּא (more frequently אַפָּא which see) face, front; frequently in plural אַנְפֵּי. Targum Psalms 84, 10; and frequently with preposition ב, in sight of, before. Bava Metzia 86ᵃ לבבא באנפיה … he locked the door before him.—plural בְּאַנְפֵּי (Targum also על א׳). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 23, 10; and elsewhere—Chullin 121ᵃ בא׳ נפשיח (= Hebrew בפני עצמו) for itself, singly. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 1, 6; and elsewhere—Bava Metzia 22ᵇ.—Kethuboth 7ᵇ באנפייהו in their presence; and frequently ↗ original
אַנְפֹּורָא (ἀναφορά) official return. plural אַנְפֹּורָאוֹת. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Shekalim p. 18ᵇ עשה שתי א׳ made out two military returns (census); Bamidbar Rabbah section 2 אנפריאות; Pesikta Rabbati section 11 אפונראות (correct accordingly). [Not to be confounded with אַנְפָּרִיֹּות, plural of אַנְפָּרוּת.] ↗ original
אַנְפֹּורְיָא (ἐμπορία) journey for business, traffic, trade; also merchandise. כלי א׳ merchant’s implements (straps, poles etc. for carrying goods). Bava Metzia 2, 2 כלי א׳ אינו וכ׳ merchant’s implements (if found) need not be publicly announced (for return to the owner). the same place (ibid.) 23ᵇ and the following; Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 2, beginning 8ᵇ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 1 (definit. of our word). Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 118, 20 התקין א׳ שלו arranged his journey with the caravan. [Also אַנְכֹּורְיָה.] ↗ original
אָנְפַּקִּינוֹן (ὀμφάκινον, supply (understood word) ἔλαιον) oil made of unripe olives. Targum Esther 2, 12 אַנְפֵּ׳.—Pesachim 43ᵃ אנפיקנין (Munich manuscript אנפיקנון). Menachoth 8, 3; and elsewhere—Bereshith Rabbah section 98 טן … (correct accordingly). Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 8 איפק׳ (correct accordingly). ↗ original
אנק Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 1, 63ᵈ bottom of the page מאונקות, see אָבַק↗ original
אֲנַק (sec. root or radix of אוק, see חנק), Pa'el אַנֵּק to press, choke. participle passive מְאַנַּקchoked, grieved. Targum Ezek. 9, 4. Cmp. דְּנַק. 5. אֲנִיקָא, אֲנַנְקָא etc. ↗ original
*אָנְקִטְמִין (a contracted of אנק קטמין, or לולי קטמין, see אונקלי a. its bibl. equivalent לוּלַי) loop or hook for stumped limbs, a sort of artificial arm (or leg; see below). Shabbath 6, 8 א׳ טהורין Mishn. a. Yerushalmi (prefix) (Babylonian edition 66ᵃ לוק׳) an artificial arm (for carrying burdens) is not susceptible to levitical uncleanness, but you must not wear it in walking in the street on the Sabbath (because it is intended for carrying burdens). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 8ᶜ bottom of the page (R. Abbahu explains our word) חמרא די ידיא, אוֹנוֹס קִטְמִין Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (read two words; edition הונים, correct accordingly) the ὄνος (ass, i.e. pulley) of the stump-handed,—a hand-pulley (ass); Babylonian ad loc. (on the passage) R. Abbahu (leaving out the etymology) חמרא דאכפא a pulley for loads, see אַכְפָּא. Oth. opinion ibid. קשירי stilts (artificial legs); (פדאמי) פרמא which see—5. Kelim 15, 6 נִיקַטְמוֹן. [The definitions by Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Rashi, referring to implements of public entertainments, are not in keeping with the preceding proposition of the Mishnah.] ↗ original
*אנקלווסים , read אִנְקְוִוילִינָטוּס masculine (inquilinatus, see Makeld. Roman Law, edition Dropsie, § 408) the lessee’s right of dwelling, lease. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 8, end, 11ᵈ, let him stay עד ימלא א׳ דידיה until his lease expires. ↗ original
אֶנְקְלוּמָא (ἐκκαλοῦμαι) I appeal. Devarim Rabbah section 9; Koheleth Rabbah to 8, 8 לומר … א׳ to say before the Lord, ‘I appeal against thy decision.’ 5. next word↗ original
אֶנְקְלִיטוֹן (ἡ ἔκκλητος, see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Appellatio) appeal from the decision of a court. Bereshith Rabbah section 49 תולין לו א׳ one is permitted to hang up against him i.e. to announce, an appeal—from the dux etc. Devarim Rabbah section 9 ליתן לפניו אנקליטין (read ליתלות a. טון …); Koheleth Rabbah to 8, 8 שיתלה א׳ to appeal from his decision. Tanchuma Thazr. 7 שלא ירננו עליו אונק׳ וכ׳ (edition Buber edition 9 יתנו, read יתלו). 5. next word ↗ original
*אנקליטון , Musafia אנקלימון, read אֶנְקְלֵימָטִין masculine plural (ἔγκλημα, … ατα) written complaints, charges. Devarim Rabbah section 2; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 77; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 167 נתפס בא׳ has been arrested on charges. ↗ original
אֶנְקְלַסְיָא (a corruption of ἐνεχυρασία) taking property in pledge, writ of seizure = אַדְרַכְתָּא. Tosefta Bava Metzia 1, 7 אונקליטיא וכ׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading אונקילוסיא, correct accordingly) when a writ of seizure is found, if the debtor admits its correctness, it must be returned to the creditor; if not, it must be returned to neither. the same place (ibid.) Bava Bathra 11, 5 אנקלסיא וכ׳ (אינ׳, אונ׳) a writ of seizure may be written out without notifying the creditor, but not without notifying the debtor and giving him time to protest; see Bava Kamma 112ᵇ). ↗ original
אַנְתְּ com. (= Hebrew אַתָּה, אַתְּ) thou. Daniel 2, 29; and elsewhere—Targum frequently—Shabbath 30ᵃ א׳ שלמה thou, O Solomon! Nedarim 91ᵇ אי א׳ לא if it was not thou. Bava Metzia 26ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original
אַנְתְּרוֹפִּיanthropeus (man), an assumed form for ἄνθρωπος, for the purpose of deriving another assumed form (אַנְתְּרוֹפִּיָּא) anthropeia (woman). Bereshith Rabbah section 18; section 31 did you ever hear people say gynios and gyneia (from γύνη, woman), or anthropeus, anthropeia, gabra (man) gabratha (woman)? but you do say (in Hebrew) ish and ish-sha, both of the same root (as an evidence of the primitiveness of the Hebrew language). ↗ original
אִנְתְּתָא (אִתְּתָא) woman, wife. Targum Job 25, 4; and frequently—Vayikra Rabbah section 37, beginning; and frequently—Yevamoth 45ᵇ … made a gentile woman perform the immersion לשם א׳ as a woman (after menstruation, not as a proselyte). ↗ original
אִס־ a formative syllable, see אִיס־. Words not found under אִס־ should be looked for under אִיס־. ↗ original
אַסָּא (?) (infin. of אסי, as noun) healing, remedy. Targum Jeremiah 14, 19 (Regia אַסּוּ). Targum 2. Chronicles 21, 18 דְּלֵית א׳ incurable↗ original
אַסָּא ² (the preceding) physician. Targum Onkelos Exodus 15, 26 אַסָּךְ (אָסָךְ); Yerushalmi (prefix) אַסְאָךְ thy etc. 5. אָסֵי, אַסְיָא. ↗ original
אָסָא 3 (contracted of אדסא, see הדס) myrtle. Targum 2, Esther 2, 7; and elsewhere Rosh Hashanah 23ᵃ הדס א׳ hadas (Isaiah 41, 19) is asa. Pesachim 56ᵃ א׳ רדא׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), Oxford manuscript (edition דרא) fresh (moist) myrtle. Berachoth 9ᵇ דאמטיית א׳ וכ׳ you had to carry a myrtle-tree to the palace (when forced into public labor, see אַנְגַרְיָא). Sanhedrin 44ᵃ (proverb) א׳ דקאי ביני וכ׳ a myrtle between willows still is a myrtle by name, and people call it a myrtle.—plural אָסַיָּא. Targum Esther 8, 15.—Niddah 37ᵃ (Rashi, singular) ↗ original
*אָסָא (see אסי, compare יָשִׁישׁ, יָשָׁן, אשונא etc.) old. Gittin 69ᵃ א׳ כלבא (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אשא) old dog (in a charm formula); see אכסא. Cmp. Assyr. āsi Kalbi, 5, R. 8, 12. ↗ original
אַסְדָּא (see סַד) logs joined together, raft. Berachoth 4, 6 באסדא (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) סדה, Manuscript Florence אסכדרא, read אסכדיא; see below). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 8ᶜ היא א׳ היא אסכדיא וכ׳ asda, iskhadia (σχεδία) and rafsodoth are the same. Zavim 3, 1 אסדה. Nega'im 12, 1 אסדה Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אסקריה, variant reading אסכדיא; see אַכְסַנְדַּרְיָּא). ↗ original
אַסְהָדוּתָא (סהד) attestation, statement of an eye-witness. Temurah 18ᵇ מאי אסהדותיה what is the object of his statement? Berachoth 14ᵇ. Yevamoth 64ᵇ ↗ original
אַסְוֵירוֹסSeverus, probably Alexander Severus, Roman emperor. Avodah Zarah 10ᵃ. Niddah 45ᵃ. see אַנְטוֹנִינוֹס. ↗ original
אָסוֹן , see אנס) accident. Mechilta Mishpatim, N’zik. section 8 אין א׳ אלא מיתה under accident is meant death (referring to Genesis 42, 38). ↗ original
אֲסוּפֹּותgatherings of scholars, councils. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 28ᵃ bottom of the page Bamidbar Rabbah section 14. Sanhedrin 12ᵃ בעלי א׳ Sanedrin. ↗ original
אֲסוּפִי (אסף) foundling. Kiddushin 4, 1 (69ᵃ) א׳ כל שנאסף וכ׳ăsufi is a child taken up from the street, whose father and mother are unknown, contradistinguished to שְׁתוּקִי which see—the same place (ibid.) 73ᵃ if this be so א׳ אסופית לא ישא a male foundling ought not to marry a female foundling. Bava Metzia 87ᵃ ↗ original
אָסוּרprisoner. plural אֲסוּרִים, אֲסוּרִין.—בית הא׳ (Biblical Hebrew) prison. Bereshith Rabbah section 91; and frequently [participle of אָסַר, which see, forbidden.] ↗ original
אֲסוּרְיָיתָא (אסר; compare אֱסָרוּתָא) bundles, bunches. Chullin 51ᵇ א׳ bundles of reeds. Betzah 12ᵇ א׳ דחרדלא bundles of mustard stalks. the same place (ibid.) 13ᵃ א׳ טבלא when in bundles, they are Tebel (see טֶבֶל). ↗ original
אָסוּתָא (אסי) cure, remedy. Targum Isaiah 58, 8. Targum Genesis 3, 6. (some edition O. אִיסוּ); and frequently Bava Metzia 86ᵃ top ואסו דרבי וכ׳ and Rabbi’s cure shall be effected through him. Bava Kamma 85ᵃ, and frequently מאי אֲסוּתֵיה what is the remedy for it? Shabbath 110ᵃ perhaps the Rabbis’ snake (excommunication) has bitten him דלית ליה א׳ for which there is no remedy.—plural אַסְוָון. Bava Bathra 58ᵇ בריש כל א׳ אנא חמר 1, the wine, stand at the head of all medicines.—אַסְוָותָא. Bava Metzia 113ᵇ אַסְוָתַיְיהוּ remedies for them. Vayikra Rabbah section 37 אסוותך (read אֲסוּתָךְ). ↗ original
אַסְחָרוּתָא (סחר) sitting around the table, banqueting. Targum I Kings 10, 5. Targum I Samuel 9, 12 בית א׳ the place of feasting (Hebrew text במה); and elsewhere ↗ original
אִסטָאטִיבָא (stativa, supply (understood word) castra) resting station. Bereshith Rabbah section 10 end עשה א׳ to take a rest. Pesikta Rabbati section 31 אסטטיא, read אִסְטָטִיוָא. ↗ original
אִסְטַגְיוֹת (סגי, סוג) rims, mouldings around a stove. Kelim 8, 9; compare לִזְבֵּז, שָׂפָה, שָׂפִית.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 42ᵃ bottom of the page הן ספיות הן א׳ edition Zyt. (other edition אסטיות) s’fiyoth and istagioth are the same; compare Rabbenu Shimshon to Kelim the passage cited [Tosefta Kelim Bava Kamma 6, 17. ליזבז … סטאנאות … ספיות edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading ספונאות, Rabbenu Shimshon the passage cited סטייאות), probably corruption of סְטַגְיָאוֹת.] ↗ original
אִסְטַגְנֵין (Ispe. noun of סִגְנוֹן) observer of constellations, astrologer. plural אִסְטַגְנִינִין, construct state אִסְטַגְנִינֵי etc. Sotah 12ᵇ; 36ᵇ; Berachoth 4ᵃ; and frequently Sanhedrin 49ᵃ, see אִסְטַגְנִינוּת. ↗ original
אִסְטַגְנִינוּת (see the preceding) astrological speculation, planetary constellation. Shabbath 156ᵃ נסתכלתי באיצ׳ וכ׳ edition (Munich manuscript באס׳) I looked at my constellation. the same place (ibid.) צא מא׳ וכ׳ give up thy astrological speculations, for Israel stands not under planetary influences. Yoma 28ᵇ; and frequently—Sanhedrin 49ᵃ עדיין א׳ של דוד עומדת Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition pr., manuscript Oxf. (edition אצטגניני … קיימין) David’s star stands as yet (has not yet gone down). ↗ original
אִסְטוֹמְכָא (στόμαχος) properly orifice, especially stomach. Vayikra Rabbah section 4 the food goes מוישטא לא׳ from the gullet into the stomach. Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 19 (incorr. order). ↗ original
אִסְטְלָא (Ispe. noun of טל, טלל; compare טַלִּית) robe, garment. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 9, 23; and frequently—Shabbath 128ᵃ א׳ הראוייה לו a robe becoming his position. Moed Katan 28ᵇ (proverb) שיול א׳ וכ׳ the grave is a fine robe for the freeman whose outfit is complete (well becoming old and virtuous age). Bava Metzia 17ᵃ; and elsewhere—plural אִסְטְלִין, אִסְטְלֵי, אִסְטַלְוָון, אִצְ׳ etc. א׳ דלבושיןa suit of clothes. Targum Genesis 45, 22; (edition Berlin edition אוּסְטְלַוָּן; the same place (ibid.) Yerushalmi (prefix) אסטלוי ולבוש, read אסטלי דלבוש).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 3, 6ᵈ bottom of the page (see margin. note edition Krot.). Moed Katan 24ᵃ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 29ᵇ. Koheleth Rabbah to 11, 1 א׳ דלבושן see above.—Cmp. אִסְטַלִּית.—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 3, 47ᶜ bottom of the page אסטלי של זהב, read אִיסְטְרֵי; see אִיסְתִּירָא.] [Although our word coincides, in meaning and sound, with στολή in its poëtic and older sense as ‘an outfit’, yet the form of its Hebrew equivalent (אסטלית) and the laws regulating the borrowing of words, as well as its appearance in so remote a dialect as the Mandaic (as עצטלא) forbid the derivation from the Greek.] ↗ original
אִסְטַלִּי (טלל, see the preceding, = אִטְלֵיס which see) resting place, road-station. Ylamdenu to Deuteronomy 4, 30 (quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh)) עשה אסטולי וכתוב וכ׳ he put up a station for travellers, over which was written, “When this people shall go up etc.” (I Kings 12, 27).—plural אִסְטַלִּיוֹת (frequently אִסְטַלִּית). Bamidbar Rabbah section 23 העמד להם א׳ put up for them (the unintentional murderers fleeing to the place of refuge) resting stations ובכל א … יות וכ׳ (read אסטלית or אסטל) and let there be an inscription over each of them etc. Tanchuma Masé 11; edition Buber edition 8; אִיטְלִיסִיּוֹת, אִיטְלֵיס.—Ylamdenu to Deuteronomy 3, 9 עמון ומואב עשו אִיסְטְלִים Amos a. Moab erected resting stations for the passing Israelites (quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word ארך 5). ↗ original
אִסְטְלִי (a corruption of אֶפִּיסְטוֹלִי which see) letter, dying injunction. plural אִסְטְלִיּוֹת. לִיאוֹת … Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 7, 21ᵈ bottom of the page וא׳ שנתן להם משה and (the stones containing) the dying injunctions of Moses (Deuteronomy 27, 8); (compare Babylonian Sotah 35ᵇ). Bereshith Rabbah section 74 end Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition a. variant reading in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אפיסטולי). *Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 11 (referring to the five verses I Samuel 4, 13—17) הכן לא הוה ליה טופרין או חמשה איסטולין (read סופרין?) ממחינון חמשה אלא וכ׳ indeed so, not five pencils (writers?) or five messages could kill him, but over the news of the captured ark his neck was broken. [Others read אִיסְטִילִין (stili) styles used for writing on waxen tablets]. ↗ original
אִסְטַלִּית (טלל, see אִסְטְלָא, טַלִּית)wardrobe, especially festive suit. Yoma 7, 1 א׳ לבן a suite of white color. Gittin 7, 5 אִצְטַלִּיתִי Mishnah (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 74ᵃ אִיצְטַלָּתִי, frequently אִיצְטַלָּה) my suit. the same place (ibid.) 74ᵇ איצטלתא דוקא (read תִי … or … תוֹ). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 49ᵃ top כאיצטלות (read לית …). station, see אִסְטַלִּי. ↗ original
אִסְטְמָא (Ispe. noun of אסם = חסם, see חִיסּוּם, the Hebrew equiv. of our word) forging steel, steel-edge. Berachoth 62ᵇ כא׳ לפרזלא (Munich manuscript אסטימא read אִסְטוּמָא, Oxford manuscript סטומא, variant reading אִצְ׳, אִיצְ׳) what the steel edge is to the iron. frontlet, see אִיסְטְמָא. a word in a charm formula. Shabbath 67ᵃ, see איסטמאה ↗ original
אִסְטַנְדְּרָא (Pers. ustâd-dâr, ustadâr, Perl. Et. St. p. 104) major domus, vice-roy. Gittin 80ᵇ לשום אסט׳ וכ׳ edition (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אסת׳) in the name of the governor of etc. Kiddushin 72ᵇ איסת׳ דמישן the governor of Meshan. ↗ original
*אִסְטָנִית (סטן = שׂטן; compare אִיסְטַטָּנִית) a system of information, sycophancy. Makkoth 1, 5 (5ᵃ) אסטנית היא זו Munich manuscript (edition איסטטית, Mishnah אסטס׳, Yerushalmi (prefix) edition 1, 7 איסטיסית) this endless prosecution of witnesses on the information by other witnesses testifying to an alibi would be regular sycophancy. [Maimonides reads אסטיסית.] Tosefta Makkoth 1, 10 איסטיטית, edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading איצטניסית). ↗ original
אַסְטְרוֹלוֹגוֹס (ἀστρολόγος) astronomer; astrologer. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᵈ top חדא אי׳ (read חד) a certain astrol.; and frequently—plural אַסְטְרוֹלוֹגִין (אַצְ׳ etc.). Targum I Chronicles, Book of 12, 32 edition Rahm. איצרולוגין (variant reading איצטרו׳). Shemoth Rabbah 1; and very frequently—Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 9 אַסְטְרוֹלוֹגוֹסֵי. [Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 164 איסטרוגילין, a. other corruptions, correct accordingly]—5. also next word—[As regards צט for סט, see Recens. Don. b. Librat edition Filipp. p. 9.] ↗ original
אַסְטְרוֹלוֹגְיָא (ἀστρολογία) astronomy, mostly astrology, sooth-saying, astrological prediction. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 41ᵃ top הוה חמי בא׳ דידיה he foresaw by dint of astrol. speculation (probably to be read גין …, see below). Pesikta Rabbati section 14 אסטרוגילא (correct accordingly; compare טְיָיר).—plural אַסְטְרוֹלוֹגִין properly astrologers, in a transferred sense astrological books, implements, horoscope etc. Bereshith Rabbah section 85 רואה היתה בא׳ וכ׳ she saw in her astrological books (or horoscope). Devarim Rabbah section 8 מביט באסטרולוגים; Vayikra Rabbah section 36 אצטרוגליס, לוגים … etc. (correct accordingly). ↗ original
אַסְטְרוֹלוֹגַיָּיאsame. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᵈ אסת׳ דידיה שקרין his astrological books (or computations) lie. ↗ original
אסטרון Yalkut Shimoni Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 969, read אִסְטַרְטֵיגִין. ↗ original
אִסְטְרוֹנְגִּילוֹן adverb (στρογγύλον, or στρογγυλοῦν, S.) in a rounded way, circularly (opposite τετράγωνον, or τετραγώνιον). Pesikta Rabbati section 10, read: שלא היו יושבין טטרגונין או שורה ארוכה אלא א׳ כחצי גורן עגולה וכ׳ they sat not forming a square or a long line, but in a semi-circle, like the shape of a half of the rounded court-room (see גֹּורֶן), so that they could conveniently see each other. 5. בוטרגנין. ↗ original
אִסְטְרוֹפוֹמָטָא (variously corrupted, see below) masculine plural (στροφώματα) pivots, pins at top and bottom of a door turning in sockets. Bereshith Rabbah section 66 כמין א׳ הדלתות וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition איסטריפומיטא; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 115 איסטדומוטא) pivotlike, the doors could be doubled backward. [Yalkut Shimoni the passage cited may be read אסטרופוטא στρόφωμτος, see 70, Ezek. 41, 24.] Middoth 4, 1 איצטרבאמוטא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), edition איצטרמיטה (corrupted as above). Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Beshallach p. 86ᵇ; Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 152 כאילין אמפומטא etc. (correct accordingly) like doors turning in sockets. ↗ original
אִסְטְרָטָא common gender (interchanging with אִסְרָטָא, סְרָטָא, transposed or transposition אסטרא; strata, supply (understood word) via, στρᾶτα S.) paved way, public road. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Numbers 20, 17 … טה; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 4, beginning 45ᶜ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 2, 20ᵃ top גו א׳ וכ׳ on the road he heard etc. Tosefta Shabbath X (11), 1 and the following (סרטא, אסרטא, variant reading אסתרטא with ת). Aboth dRabbi Nathan 28 life is like לאיסטרטיא וכ׳ (read … טא) a public road running between two paths etc. Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 7 הוינא עקים אִסְטְרָטִי I was bending my road, went out of my way.—plural אִסְטְרָטַיָּא, (אִסְטַרְטַיָּא, incorr. אִסְטְרַטְיָא). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 20, 19.—אִסְטְרָטִין usually the city walks, promenades (between the colonnades etc.). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 6, 8ᵃ bottom of the page הוו מטיילין בא׳ were promenading etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᵈ top; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 5, 13; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, 35ᵇ bottom of the page אסטרין. [Devarim Rabbah section 3 אסטרטין, read אסטרטיגין.] [In Targum mostly אִסְרָטִין, אסטרין.] theatre. plural אִסְטְרָטָאוֹת, see אִסְטַרְיָא. ↗ original
אִסְטְרַטְיָא (στρατεία, in the sense of στρατόπεδον) camp, encampment, especially an open space infront of the royal palace, court; also station on the road for Temple pilgrims. Eruvin 26ᵃ א׳ של מלכים Munich manuscript (edition מלך) camp or court round the royal palace. [Menachoth 103ᵇ איסטריא של מלך, for איסטרטיא(?), see however אִסְטַרְיָא.] [Echah Rabbah to 3, 7 באידנא א׳; Avoth d’R. Nath. XXVIlI לאי׳, read אִסְטְרָטָא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 20, 19 רַטְיָא … some edition, see אִסְטְרָטָא.]—plural אִסְטְרַטְיָאוֹת. Moed Katan 5ᵃ Munich manuscript (edition טאות …); Mechilta Beshallach Vayissa Chaldaic (Aramaic) 3 א׳ stations (= רחובות). [Eruvin the passage cited טיא … שהיו …, read שהיא, or … יאות; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note.] ↗ original
אִסְטְרַטְיָא 2 (στρατία) properly army; hence host (of heavens, compare 70 Nehemiah 9, 6). Bamidbar Rabbah section 12 א׳ של מעלה; Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 92, end אסר׳ … divine army (angels, prophets etc.) royal suite, court-officers. Kiddushin 4, 5 מוכתב בא׳ של מלך recorded in the king’s list of officers (during Agrippa’s reign, serving as evidence of legitimate birth; compare אַרְכִי I). Echah Rabbah to 2, 2 אסט׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 68ᵈ bottom of the page אסר׳ the list of Barkokhba’s suite. [Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 11, 42ᵈ bottom of the page אסטרטיות read אִסְטְרַטְיוֹטוֹת; the same place (ibid.) אסטרטיות חבק׳ read אִסְטְרַטְיוֹט. Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 3, 45ᵃ top of the page אסטרטיות, see אַפָּרָטוֹסוֹת. Tanchuma Bereshith 2 אסטרטיאות, variant reading אסטראות, see אִסְטַרְיָא.] ↗ original
אִסְטַרְטֵיג (στρατήγιον) camp, regular garrison (= Hebrew מַצַּב), contradistinguished to stragglers etc. Targum I Samuel 13, 23; 14, 1; 4; 6; 16; and elsewhere—plural אִסְטַרְטִיגִין. Targum 2 Samuel 8, 6 (Hebrew text נציבים). Targum I Samuel 10, 5 … אִסְטַרְטִיגֵי (construct state).—גַיָּא … Targum I Kings 4, 5 על א׳ chief of camps. ↗ original
אִסְטַרְטֵיגוֹס (στρατηγός) military commander, general; (in later Greek) prefect, city-magistrate; also chief of body guards (στρατηγὸς τῶν πραισενταλίων, D. C.). Shemoth Rabbah section 31 (compare Bereshith Rabbah section 58). Bereshith Rabbah section 37, beginning; and frequently—Devarim Rabbah section 10 לאסטרטיגין וכ׳ (read … גוֹס); and frequently—plural אִסְטַרְטֵיגִין, אִסְטַרְטֵיגֵי.—Targum 2, Esther 1, 3 איסתרת׳ (correct accordingly) generals. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 8, 12ᶜ top שני א׳ two chiefs of guards; Bereshith Rabbah section 3; and frequently—Bava Bathra 143ᵃ בולי ואסטרטיגי Munich manuscript (edition אבולי ואסטרוגי); Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 1, 39ᵃ top כולי ואסרטיגי (read בולי ואסטרטיגי, see בּוּלִי 2). Yalkut Shimoni Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 969 אמר לאסטרון שלו (read לאסטרטיגין) he ordered his guard. ↗ original
אִסְטְרַטְיוֹט (στρατιώτης) properly soldier, later Roman officer (D. C. Gr. under the word); attendant. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 5, 49ᵃ; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 6, end אסטרטיג (correct accordingly). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 1, 25ᶜ top טיוס … (correct accordingly).—plural אִסְטְרַטְיוֹטִין. Targum I Chronicles 18, 6 (see however Targum 2 Samuel 8, 6). Tanchuma Haăz. 2, read: באו א׳ the officers came to meet the king.—אִסְטְרַטְיוֹטוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Kamma 4, 4ᵇ top ששליח המלכות שני א׳ (read ששלחה) the Roman governm. sent two commissioners. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 11, 42ᵈ bottom of the page אסטרטיות; see אִסְטְרַטְיָא 2. ↗ original
אִסְטְרָטִילָטָא (στρατηλάτης = magister militum, see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word) commander in chief, military governor. Vayikra Rabbah section 16; and frequently (everywhere corrupt, correct accordingly). Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 28ᵇ top אסרטילטֵיה (correct accordingly) his stratelates.— plural אִסְטְרָטִילָטִין. Targum Esther 3, 12; 8, 9 אסטרטילוסי (correct accordingly). Bereshith Rabbah section 44; and frequently (correct accordingly). Bereshith Rabbah section 78 אסטרטלי, read אסטרטילטַיmy stratelatæ↗ original
אִסְטַרְיָא feminine (also אִסְטָרָא masculine) cacophemistic appellations of all kinds of gentile sports; compare the use of θέατρον and θεατρίζειν in Ad Corinth. 1, 4, 9, a. Hebr. 10, 33; אסטריא etc., as if a denomin. of סרר, compare Syriac (Peshitta) אסטרניא, אצטרניא, Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 304 a. cit. ibid.; אצטריבא, as if frequently צרב; אצטרדיון (see next word) as if frequently צרד, see אִיצְטַדִּין; compare אֲבֵידָן) theatre, arena, gladiatorial shows, etc. Avodah Zarah 1, 7 (16ᵃ) גרדום אצטדייא וכ׳ (Munich manuscript אצטריבא, but in the same place (ibid.) 18ᵇ repeatedly אצטריא; Yerushalmi (prefix) edition איסטדייא; Mishnah Nap. אצטדיא, commentary or commentaries אצטרדיא) place of execution, of shows etc.; see the same place (ibid.) 18ᵇ.—[Menachoth 103ᵇ איסטריא של מלך the king’s amphitheatre, see אסטרטיא]. plural אִסְטַרְיוֹת. Sifra Aḥaré Parah 9 Chaldaic (Aramaic) 13. Tanchuma Bereshith 2 אִסְטְרָאוֹת variant reading (edition אִסְטְרָטָאוֹת). Avodah Zarah 18ᵇ אשר לא הלך לאיסטרטאות Munich manuscript (edition לטרטיאות, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)).—אִסְטָרִין, see next word↗ original
אִסְטָרִין (אִצְטַרְטְיוֹן, אִצְטַרְרְּיוֹן, אִיצְטַרְיוֹן, also with rejection of א׳ after prefixes) masculine (plural of אסטרא, see the preceding; used as singular, supply (understood word) בית ה־ etc.) arena, theatre. Bava Kamma 4, 4 (39ᵃ) שור האיצטרין Munich manuscript (edition איצטדין, Manuscript Hamburg a. R., a. Mishnah Nap., a. Yerushalmi (prefix) edition איסטדין) an ox of the arena (that killed a person). Tosefta Avodah Zarah 2, 7 היושב באסטרין וכ׳ variant reading (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) איסטרטון, edition איסטרין) he who visits the amphitheatre is considered a murderer (countenancing bloodshed); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 40ᵃ איצטדון (interchanging with תיאטרין).—plural אִסְטָרִינִין etc. Avodah Zarah 18ᵇ אין הולכין לא׳ מפני ש"ד Munich manuscript (edition לאצטדינין מפני מושב לצים …, see Rab. D. S. ad loc. (on the passage) note) you must not attend theatres on account of bloodshed. the same place (ibid.) (repeatedly) אצטרינָן Munich manuscript; Tosefta the passage cited 6 לאיצטרטיונין (variant reading לצטרדיונין, לצטריונין); 7 לאיצטריונין (variant reading לטריונין, לצטריונין); Avodah Zarah 18ᵇ לאצטרינין Munich manuscript (edition טרטיאות, En Yakob I איצטריאות, see the preceding). [Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 2, 22ᵇ bottom of the page איצטדין, אצטדין feminine ruins, near Tiberias, see איצטדין.] [אסטרין sometimes for אִסְרָטִין.] ↗ original
אַסִּי (= יוֹסֵי, Frankel Meb. Yerushalmi (prefix) under the word) proper noun of a male person Assi; an Amora, mate of R. Immi, disciple of Rab and of Samuel. Shabbath 22ᵃ; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 5, 45ᵃ bottom of the page רבסי = רב א׳. a copyist. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 2, 26ᵇ bottom of the page כגון אילין ספרוי דא׳ וכ׳ as for instance, if witnesses say, these are the books written by Assi, and like these (in handwriting) must the documents be. ↗ original
אֲסִי (sec. root or radix of אוס, see אנס; compare יש, איש, אינש etc.; see Ges. H. Dictionary section vv. אשׁה, עשׂה) to be strong, well. [Act. see to make well, see below a. אָסֵי.] Af'el הִפְעִיל אַסִּיto cure. Targum Onkelos Genesis 20, 17 (Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) אָסֵי); and frequently—participleמַסֵּי, מְאַסֵּי.—Nedarim 49ᵃ לאַסָּיֵיה, לאַסָּאָה יתיה to cure him. Shabbath 111ᵃ איכא מכה מסי where there is a wound, it (the vinegar) heals it. Vayikra Rabbah section 16, end, read: מְאַסִּינָא ליה לגרמי I shall cure him all alone. Gittin 56ᵇ מסיין = מאסיין, see next wordIthpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִיתַּסִּי,Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִיתְּסִי, אִתְּ׳to be cured, to recover. Targum Joshua 5, 8; and frequently—Shabbath 33ᵃ. Gittin 12ᵇ דבעי אִתְּסוּיֵי ביה for he wants to get cured with the money he receives as damages. Yoma 84ᵃ אִיתְּסָאִי I got cured. Kethuboth 62ᵇ איתסיאת she grew well. Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 8 he went etc. מִיתְאַסְּיָא in order to be cured. Cmp. וֶסֶת. ↗ original
אָסֵי (the preceding) physician, surgeon; also thaumaturg, [Essene, Therapeut?] Targum Exodus 21, 19; and elsewhere Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 3, 40ᵈ bottom of the page חד א׳ וכ׳ a certain thaumaturg in Sepphoris. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 3, 66ᵈ אוקיר לאסייך וכ׳ honor thy physician (with presents) ere thou be in need of him. Bava Kamma 85ᵃ א׳ רחיקא וכ׳ if the surgeon is far off, the eye will be blind (before he arrives). Bamidbar Rabbah section 9 תרעא … לא׳ a door which opens not for charity, will be opened for the physician; and frequently plural אָסַיָּיא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 9, end, 58ᵃ.—אַסָוָותָא, אָסָוָתָא. Targum Genesis 50, 2; and elsewhere Gittin 56ᵇ א׳ דמַסְּיִין ליה וכ׳ physicians to cure R. Zadok. ↗ original
אסיא a word in a charm formula. Pesachim 111ᵃ (variant reading lect. see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) ↗ original
אַסְיָאAsia. Asia Minor, or rather the Roman province embracing the Western part of the peninsula of Asia Minor, bequeathed by King Attalus to the Roman republic. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 10, 3; I Chronicles 1, 6 (Hebrew text אשכנז). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 61ᵈ top (twice for קני); Bereshith Rabbah section 44 (once for קני, once for קניזי, some edition אפייה correct accordingly). Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᵇ bottom of the page (for אשכנז). Sifré Balak 131 (p. 47ᵇ edition Friedm.) אביא (correct accordingly); see Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 771.—Bava Metzia 84ᵃ; and elsewhere name of a town supposed to be Essa, east of the lake of Tiberias (see Neubauer Geographie du Talmud, Paris 1868 p. 38; compare Rapaport, ʿErekh Millin Er. Millin under the word). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᶜ bottom of the page Shabbath 109ᵃ ע׳ (with hot springs). Yevamoth 16, 4 ע׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 15ᵈ top א׳; and frequently ↗ original
אֲסִימוֹן (ἄσημος, -ον) uncoined metal, bulion. Bava Metzia 4, 1 א׳ קונה וכ׳ the uncoined metal buys the coined, i.e. by delivering the uncoined, which is considered as goods, the purchase is concluded. the same place (ibid.) 47ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original
*אֲסִינְתָּא (see אִסְנָא a. חֲסִינָה)a receptacle for grain. Kethuboth 8ᵃ; Avodah Zarah 8ᵇ מכי רמו שערי בא׳ from the time they put barley into the ăsinta (as the first preliminaries of a wedding feast). [Avodah Zarah the passage cited read באסינתֵּיה.—Other opinion א׳ = אסיתאmortar, for pounding barley,—trough for brewing beer—pot for planting barley for the wedding ceremony, see Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word a. Rashi ad loc. (on the passage)] ↗ original
אָסִיףharvest, crop.— plural אֲסִיפִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 2, 34ᵃ top, six sowing seasons וששה א׳ and six crops in one Septennial. ↗ original
אֲסִיפָהgathering, assembly. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, 64ᶜ top אֲסִיפַת עם public meeting for fasting ceremonies. Bereshith Rabbah section 98 ye shall be א׳ אחת one (unanimous) assembly. = אָסִיף. Chagigah 18ᵃ חג הבא בזמן א׳ the festival that falls in the harvest season. the same place (ibid.) א׳ ביו"ט מי שרי Munich manuscript (edition less correct מלאכה) is harvesting permitted etc.?, and elsewhere (referring to Numbers 11, 22) the mere taking into the house for consumption, without the ritual slaughtering (שחיטה). Chullin 27ᵇ. Bamidbar Rabbah section 19.—4) being gathered in, death, use of the verb אסף with reference to death. the same place (ibid.) אֲסִיפַת אהרן the death of Aaron (Numbers 20, 24). Bava Bathra 16ᵇ גויעה וא׳ the use of גוע a. אסף. ↗ original
אָסִירprisoner.— plural אֲסִירִין. Kelim 12, 1 קורות … של א׳ prisoners’ stocks (a metal frame in which the prisoner’s feet were shut up). ↗ original
אָסִיר ² (אסר) as the preceding, imprisoned, prisoner. Targum Genesis 40, 3; and frequently (participle passive of אֲסַר) tied, connected. Fem. אֲסִירָא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 25, 1. forbidden. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 25, 6.—plural אֲסִירִין, אֲסִירֵי, אֲסִירַיָּא; fem. אֲסִירָן. Targum Genesis 40, 3; 5; and frequently—Targum 2 Samuel 3, 34. ↗ original
אֲסִירָה (the preceding) imprisonment. Bereshith Rabbah section 92 אין כולן בא׳ must not all of them go to prison? ↗ original
אֲסִיתָא (אסי = עסי, עסס; compare דּוּךְ a. מְדֹכָה) mortar. Shabbath 77ᵇ (playful etym.) א׳ חסירתא edition a. variant reading Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), it is called ăsitha because it is caved out (Munich manuscript a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) חסידתאpious, submitting to blows). Chullin 105ᵇ א׳ ובוכנא דתבלי mortar and pestle for spices. Niddah 36ᵇ (Issi playing on his name) I am א׳ דנחשא a brazen mortar.—Kethuboth 49ᵇ כפו ליה א׳ וכ׳ invert for him a mortar in public (improvise a stand) and let him stand up etc. Moed Katan 22ᵇ כפי א׳ invert thou a mortar etc. (from its shape) hip-bone, pelvic bone. Chullin 52ᵃ בוכנא וא׳ the pestle and the mortar, i.e. the rib sitting in the hip-bone and the hip-bone.— (compare Niddah the passage cited) in a transferred sense hard-hearted woman. Bereshith Rabbah section 17; Vayikra Rabbah section 34 שבוק הדא א׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אנתתא, איתתא בישא; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 665; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 352 איתתא) divorce that mean woman. ↗ original
אִסְכּוֹלִי (σχολή) school. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Baḥod. p. 101ᵇ; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 5; Koheleth Rabbah to 3, 11; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 272 (all of which compare to arrive at a corrupted text). Shemoth Rabbah section 9. Shemoth Rabbah section 20, beginning—plural אִסְכֹּולִיֹּות, אִיסְ׳. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 15. (scholæ, supply (understood word) palatinæ = scholares, D. C.) imperial body guard, royal officers. Devarim Rabbah section 2 אסכילי פרעה (correct accordingly) Pharaoh’s attendants; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 4 אסקולין (correct accordingly, or read אִסְכֹּולָרִין); Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 4, beginning; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᵃ אוכלוסין, אוכלסין; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 167 אוכלוס (correct accordingly). ↗ original
אַסְכָּלָא (סכל, √סך, compare Genesis 48, 14) lattice-work of a fire place, grating, grille. Pesachim 7, 2. the same place (ibid.) 75ᵃ א׳ מנוקבת (Munich manuscript אִי׳) perforated grille (with holes in the upright bars for the spit to turn in, see Rashi ad loc. (on the passage)). Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 7, 34ᵃ bottom of the page צלי אסכלה roasted over the grate.—plural אַסְכָּלוֹת. Sifré Numbers section 158.—אַסְכָּלָאוֹת. Avodah Zarah 75ᵇ; Tanchuma Ḥukk. 2.—Chaldaic (Aramaic) plural אַסְכָּלָתָא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 31, 23. Cmp. טַרְטְקָל. [Ἔσχαρα does not correspond in meaning.] ↗ original
*אִסְכְּלָא (ξύλα, = σκέυη ξύλινα, see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Ships, a variatio lectionis quoted below) the wooden implements of a ship, oars, ladders, poles etc. Tosefta Bava Bathra 4, 1 he who sells a ship מכר את האיסכ׳ (some edition איסק׳) sells implicitly the oars etc., (Mishnah Bava Bathra 5, 1 מנהיגין); Bava Bathra 73ᵃ (Rashi אִסְכְּלִין, Munich manuscript אסכליא, Manuscript Rome אסקלה, Oxford manuscript איסכלניא, read אִיסְכְּלִינָא). [Comm. ladders = scalæ.—As to transpos. of כס, compare דוכסוסטוס.] ↗ original
אַסְכְּמָא (סכם, see Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 307 and the following אסכם a. denomin.; an adoption of σχῆμα, -ατος would read אסכימטא) planning, simulation. Targum Proverbs 7, 10 (Hebrew text שית); compare next word↗ original
אַסְכָּמוּתָא (סכם) consent, agreement. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 31, 14. the same place (ibid.) Numbers 32, 25 בא׳ חדא in one thought; compare the preceding↗ original
אַסְכְּרָא (סכר; compare Psalms 63, 12) choking, croup. Berachoth 8ᵃ. Taanith 27ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original
אָסֵל (סלל; compare Gr. ἄσιλλα) a pole or yoke carried on two or, more commonly, on one shoulder. Parah 7, 5 וקושרו בא׳ and fastens the bucket to the pole. Kelim 17, 16 הא׳ שיש בו וכ׳ a carrying yoke in which there is a (hidden) receptacle for money; Koheleth Rabbah to 9, 13 אסיל. ↗ original
אַסְלָא 1 Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 13, 23. the same place (ibid.) Exodus 29, 3. ↗ original
אַסְלָא 2 (אסל, עסל, dial. for אצל, עצל, compare נִיסֵל) foot-stool, folding stool. Shabbath 138ᵃ מטה וכסא טרסקל וא׳ (Munich manuscript וערסלא, Alfasi איסקלא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note, see טְרִסְקֵל) couch, folding chair, and foot-stool. privy, iron frame of a privy-stool covered, with leather. Kelim 22, 10 הא׳ (variant reading in Rabbenu Shimshon הסלא); Eruvin 10ᵇ ע׳ edition (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) א׳); Tosefta Kelim Bava Bathra 1, 4. ↗ original
אַסְמַכְתָּא (סְמַךְ) support, reliance. Kethuboth 67ᵃ אסמכתייהו אארעא הוא their reliance rests on the landed property. Scriptural text used as a support for a rabbinical enactment, intimation (אסמכוה אקרא ‘they leaned their enactment against a Bible text’). Chullin 64ᵇ מדרבנן וקרא א׳ בעלמא it is actually a rabbinical law, and the Bible text (quoted) is a mere support or mnemotechnical aid. the same place (ibid.) 77ᵃ; and frequently (law) Asmakhta (surety), a promise to submit to a forfeiture of pledged property (or equivalent) without having received a sufficient consideration; collateral security with the condition of forfeiture beyond the amount to be secured; e.g. A pays a portion of his indebtedness to B, leaving the bill of debt as a security in the hands of a third party, and agreeing to pay the full amount on the bill, if, at a stipulated time, he should fail to pay the due balance. Bava Bathra 168ᵃ א׳ לא קניא asmakhta does not purchase, gives no title, i.e. gives the claimant no rights (because the law presumes that he who made such a promise, could not have meant it seriously but had in view only to give his transaction the character of good faith and solemnity); ibid. א׳ קניאasm. is a valid legal transfer of property. Bava Metzia 66ᵃ; 73ᵇ. Nedarim 27ᵇ; and elsewhere—Sanhedrin 24ᵇ applied to forfeiture of stake in gambling (inasmuch as it makes the gambler an immoral person disqualified for witness or judge in court). ↗ original
אִסְנָא (אסן = Hebrew חסֶן, אָסָם) store-house, granary.— plural אִסְנַיָּיא. Targum Joel 1, 17 (variant reading אוּסְ׳, ח׳). ↗ original
אַסָּנָא (= Hebrew סְנֶה, see Ges. H. Dictionary under the word) thorn-bush, bramble. Targum Exodus 3, 2; and elsewhere—Shabbath 67ᵃ א׳ א׳ Munich manuscript (edition הסנה, הסנה) Oh thornbush! Avodah Zarah 28ᵃ גירדא דא׳ parings of the bramble wood. shrubbery fruit, bramble nut. the same place (ibid.)ᵇ קשייתא דא׳ the stones of etc.—plural אַסְנֵיa drink made of shrubbery fruit(?). Pesachim 107ᵃ (Munich manuscript אֲסִינֵי, Munich manuscript 2 אֲהִינֵי; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)). ↗ original
אָסַף [to scrape together], to gather, harvest. Sanhedrin 3, 3 אוֹסְפֵי שביעית those who harvest the fruits of the Sabbath year (for storage); the same place (ibid.) 26ᵃ אוֹסְפִין (opposite to סוחרין traders in fruits of the Sabbath year). Nif'al נִפְעַל נֶאֱסַףto be gathered; to be taken away (by death). Bamidbar Rabbah section 14 (p. 257ᵈ edition Amsterdam edition) והם נֶאֱסָפִים לשָׁמְעוֹ and they (the people) gather themselves to hear him. the same place (ibid.) (p. 258ᵃ) בזמן שבעליהם נאספים מהם after their teachers have been taken away from them (when they are dead); Pesikta Rabbati section 3; Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) to 12, 11; Tanchuma B’haãl., 15; and elsewhere to be picked up. Kiddushin 4, 1; see אֲסוּפִי. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶאֱסִיף , mostly הוֹסִיף, see יָסַף↗ original
אֲסַף Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 5, 30ᵇ top לא מסתברא דלא כאספון וכ׳ (read כאספין) it would be unreasonable not to consider students like harvesters, for they work (even) harder. ↗ original
אִסְפּוֹג (ספג, see סְפוֹג) sponge-cake, spungy bread. Targum Onkelos Exodus 29, 23; and elsewhere—plural אִסְפּוֹגִין. the same place (ibid.) 2; and elsewhere (Editions also אֶסְפּוֹג׳). ↗ original
אִסְפְּלִידָא (Ispe. noun of פלד; Arab. פלדֹ, to cut, see Ges. H. Dictionary under the word; compare פרד); a cut-off place, recess, whence cave, cleft. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 33, 22 (Hebrew text נקרה). Targum Psalms 57, 1 (edition אוס׳). = exedra (see אַכְסַדְרָא), recess in the house, sitting room in the shape of an open hall, generally supported by columns. Bava Bathra 7ᵃ חד מטייה א׳ one of the heirs received a hall as his share. the same place (ibid.) קא בני … דא׳ the other built a wall in front of the hall (debarring light and air). Esther Rabbah to 1, 9 בית א׳ reception rooms.— plural אִסְפְּלִידֵי. Menachoth 33ᵇ א׳ דאית להו וכ׳ halls supported by columns. ↗ original
אִסְפְּלָנִיתָא Targum Job 30, 24 manuscript (edition אִסְפַּלְעִיתָא, see the preceding); variant reading אַכָּכָא.—Shabbath 133ᵇ א׳ דכולהון כיבי וכ׳ a salve for all pains is seven portions of etc., see the preceding— ↗ original
אִסְפַּמְיָא (= סיף־ימא, or סיף־מיא) (probably of Phœn. origin) Hispania, Spain. Niddah 30ᵇ. Bava Bathra 3, 2 כדי שיהיה בא׳ וכ׳ long enough for the owner to be in Spain, while the present occupant may occupy his property for one year, and for people to travel a year and notify him, and for him to come back the next year (and raise his claim). Berachoth 62ᵃ. Yevamoth 63ᵃ (= אַפַּמְיָא which see) Apamæa, several towns, especially one each in Bithynia, Mesopotamia and Syria. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 6, beginning 36ᵃ (Hebrew קנזי); Bereshith Rabbah section 44, end; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 60, beginning מא׳ ומחבירותיה from Ap. and her sisters (country towns) (in Babylon or Mesopotamia); the same place (ibid.) section 30 מאספוטמיא; section 44 ממספ׳ (correct accordingly)—[Targum Obadiah, Book of 1, 20 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition ספמיא)]. [Bava Bathra 74ᵇ ימה של א׳ = פמייס as Munich manuscript] 5. אִסְפַּנְיָא. ↗ original
אִסְפָּנִי (see next word) Spaniard.—Plאִסְפָּנִין. Makhshirin 6, 3 קוליס הא׳ the colias of the Spaniards, a species of thuny-fish (probably to be read ק׳ הִיסְפָּנִי). ↗ original
אִסְפַּסְיָאנוֹסVespasian, the Roman Emperor who, when general, conducted the war against the Jews which ended in the destruction of the Temple. Targum Lamentations 1, 19.—Sotah 9, 14 פולמוס של א׳ the Vespasian war. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 3, 73ᵈ; Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Ḥan. 1); and frequently [Megillah 11ᵃ ושמואל אמר … נבוכדנצר, read with Munich manuscript a. old prints א׳ קיסר.] ↗ original
אִסְפַּסְיָאנִי (genit. of Vespasianus) Vespasian’s (followers). Echah Rabbah to 1, 17. ↗ original
אִסְפַּקְלַרְיָא (specularia) window-pane made of lapis specularis, window-glass. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 19, 17; and elsewhere—Kelim 30, 2 תמחוי שעשאו א׳ a (glass) plate which is used as window-glass. Metaph. prophetic vision. Sukkah 45ᵇ דמסתכלי בא׳ וכ׳ who contemplate (Deity) through a lucid speculum. Bereshith Rabbah section 91 שראה בא׳ שסברו וכ׳ (play on sheber, grain, and seber, hope) he saw in the glass of prophecy that his hope (Joseph) was in Egypt. Vayikra Rabbah section 1 א׳ מלוכלכת a dim glass (vision); opposite א׳ מצוחצחת polished glass (clear vision).—plural אִסְפַּקְלַרְיוֹת. the same place (ibid.); Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 432 אִיסְפַּקְלַרְיָאוֹת. ↗ original
אספר , Sanhedrin 106ᵃ (וצים מיר כתים) אמר רב ליבון א׳ edition [missing in Munich manuscript and added on margin; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition pr. a. edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) לכין א׳; Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 771 לא לגיון א׳] proper noun of a male person (Λέων Ἴσαυρος, Leo Isaurus) Leo the Isaurian, Byzantine emperor, leader of the iconoclastic movement which caused a long-continued war between the East and the West of the empire. [The words above quoted are an interpolation of the eighth or ninth century, and refer to “the war between the lion and the lioness”—words immediately preceding our quotation. The interrupted context in Rashi ad loc. (on the passage) shows that the commentary to our words is also a later addition and that in Rashi’s Talmud text there was no such interpolation. As to the impression on the Jews of the iconoclastic agitation, see Sachs Sachs, Beitrage 1, p. 78. For variant reading Lect. see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) and Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word] ↗ original
אֶסְפָּר (ספר, compare אֶסְפּוֹר) Espar, a Hebrew name for Sestertius (compare אִיסָר etc.). . Maʿǎser Sheni 2, 9 (Munich manuscript אצטרי, see אִיסְתִּירָא, Asheri אצפרי); Eduy. 1, 10 (he must exchange the fourth Denar) ארבעה א׳ כסף Munich manuscript (edition ארבע) for four sestertii. [Oth. opinions (see commentary or commentaries), ἄσπροι, supposed to be worth one fifth of a Denar. There is, however, no evidence of ἄσπροι being used in this sense in the days of the Mishnah.] ↗ original
*אִסְפְּרִיטִין (Ispe. noun of פרט or פלט, see H. Dictionary section vv.) separate threads, hangings, fine fringes. Vayikra Rabbah section 17. Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 808 איספיטין. ↗ original
אֲסַפְתִּי = אֲצַבְתִּי which see Oholoth 13, 4. ↗ original
אִסְפָּתִי (σπάθη, spatha, spata D. C.) broad sword, especially the executioner’s sword. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Beshallach p. 81ᵇ באספטי וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition איספטר; Yalkut Shimoni Isaiah 302 beginning אספקטי; correct accordingly) with the sword with which the Egyptians struck, were they struck.—plural אִסְפָּתִין. Shemoth Rabbah section 15 עשו א׳ prepare ye the swords; see ספיקולא. ↗ original
אִסְפַּתְרִי (σπαθάριος, see the preceding) carrier of broad sword, one of the imperial body-guard for which tall men would be selected. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 15 אספסתורין (correct accordingly).—plural אִסְפַּתְרִין. the same place (ibid.) a province (or city) מגדלת א׳ למלך was rearing spatharii for the king. [Bereshith Rabbah section 65 ענקמון.] ↗ original
אִסְקוּטְלָא 1 (Ispeel or Ithpeel of קוטל = גודלthumb) snapping with thumb and middle finger, flipping. Taanith 25ᵃ טרק לי בא׳ אאפותי Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition מחיין … אפו׳; Munich manuscript אאפותאי) he stirred me up by snapping on my forehead.—plural אִסְקוּטְלֵי. Avodah Zarah 28ᵃ מחייה שתין אס׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אית׳) snap thereon (on the swelling) sixty times. ↗ original
אִסְקוּטְלָא 2 (scutella, σκοῦτλον) a salver or waiter of nearlg square form. Kelim 30, 1; Moed Katan 3, 7. ↗ original
אִסְקוּפָה (סקף, compare Biblical Hebrew מַשְׁקוֹף a. זקף) cross-piece; yard of a ship. Tosefta Bava Bathra 4, 1 edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading אִיזְקָפָה); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 5, beginning 15ᵃ in selling a vessel one has not implicitly sold את הא׳ the yard (because it is taken down when on land; see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Antenna). Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 103 (the embryo in the womb) כאדם שנתון באסקופת וכ׳ (some edition בספינה, read באִסְקוּפַת הספינה) like a person seated on the yard on open Sea. lintel, threshold, gen. lower door-sill. Shabbath 6ᵃ; and frequently; compare Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 5, 37ᵃ, explained סַף. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 6, 23ᵇ bottom of the page עשה אותי (כ)א׳ make me the threshold for the Law to pass over me; i.e. let the law have its course at the expense of my life; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 688 עשה אסקופא (correct accordingly). ↗ original
אִסְקוּפְתָּא as the preceding 2. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 12, 22; and elsewhere (O. שקפא).—plural אִסְקוּפָּתָא. Targum Proverbs 8, 34.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 1, 38ᶜ, see אִסְכּוּפְתָּא. Yoma 53ᵃ מיתווסן א׳ וכ׳ the thresholds … were stained with blood.—אסקופין (better אִסְקוּפָּן). Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, 42ᶜ top שובעין א׳ … seventy door frames were upset. meat hanging on a crosspiece. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 7, 50ᶜ bottom of the page, edition Babylonian to 7, 4 משזגא … תֵּיה (not משיגא) to wash his meat in the river; Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 41ᵈ bottom of the page תה …, read תֵּיה …↗ original
אַסָּקוּתָא (נסק) burning. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 1, 29. offering. Targum 2 Chronicles 30, 14; and elsewhere ↗ original
אִסְקְפַסְטִי (σκεπαστή, supply (understood word) ἅμαξα, σκεπαστόν = καμάρα; see Poll.; see Poll. 10, 52, Sachs Sachs, Beitrage 1, 171) tilted wagon, litter with canopy. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 3 אוסקופי, אסקפי (correct accordingly; read מהלכת). Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Baḥod. p. 103ᵃ סקיפס׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition סקופוטי, correct accordingly). Koheleth Rabbah beginning איסקרפסטי (correct accordingly).—plural אִסְקְפַסְטִיאוֹת, סְקִיפַּסְטִיּוֹת etc. Ruth Rabbah to 1, 19; Echah Rabbah to 1, 3 אסקפטיות edition (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) סקיפטיות, correct accordingly). Bamidbar Rabbah section 12 כמנסקי פסקאות, read כמין סקיפסט׳; Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 713 (correct accordingly). [Vayikra Rabbah section 14 בתוך מעיה כמין סקיפסטי Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), edition only בתוך מעיה, see Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 103, under the word אִסְקוּפָה.] ↗ original
אִסְקְרָא , plural אִסְקְרִין (סקר = זקר) [the hopper,] iskra, name of a species of locusts born without legs. Chullin 65ᵃ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Rashi singular, edition plural; Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 537 (correct accordingly). 5. זַחַל. ↗ original
אִסְקַרְיָא (סקר to espy = Biblical Hebrew תֹּרֶן frequently תּוּר) properly espying place, hence mast or rather yard (where the captain sits for looking out; compare תּוּרְנָא). Bava Bathra 73ᵃ, explain. toren; see above. Taanith 21ᵃ נפילנא מא׳ I would throw myself (into the water) from the sail yard. Bava Metzia 69ᵇ. Kethuboth 69ᵇ א׳ דמכותא mast-yard; Taanith 21ᵃ (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 300).—Nega'im 12, 1; Nazir 55ᵃ, see אִסְכַּדְיָא. ↗ original
אִסְקְרִיטָוָן 1) = next word Targum Onkelos feminine plural Chaldaic (Aramaic) = next word Targum Onkelos Exodus 16, 31.—*2) read מִקְסוֹטֵירִין (μυξωτῆρες as 70 Zach. as 70 Zach. 4, 12) tubes, lamp-mozzles. Targum Zach. the passage cited ↗ original
אִסְקְרִיטִין (Ispe. noun of קרט; compare חָלַט I a. denominative) balls; a kind of paste. Mechilta Beshallach Vayas. 5 כעין אסקריטי (read … טין). Challah 1, 4; Pesachim 37ᵃ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Challah 3, 57ᵈ bottom of the page אי׳ חליטין דשוק isk’ritin are etc., see חֲלִיטָא 3. ↗ original
אָסַרto surround, enclose (see Schrader KAT Glossary 2, under the word)—whence to chain, imprison; to sentence to prison. Berachoth 28ᵇ, see אֵיסוּר. to harness, put the horses to. Mechilta Beshallach 1. Bereshith Rabbah section 55, see אֲסָרָה. to bind, obligate. Vayikra Rabbah section 23 אילולי שא׳ וכ׳ had not the Lord bound himself by an oath; and elsewhere to interdict, to declare a thing forbidden according to ritual law, opposite הִתִּיר to loosen the tie, to allow. Chagigah 3ᵇ הללו אוֹסְרִין והללו מתירין the ones declare forbidden what the others allow. Vayikra Rabbah section 22 מה שאָסַרְתִּי לך התרתי לך of whatever I have forbidden thee (as a class) I have allowed thee (a specimen). Eruvin 8, 4 אוֹסַר עליו he (by residing there) restricts the other (debarring him from carrying things around on the Sabbath).—participle passive אָסוּר, feminine אֲסוּרָה (it is) forbidden. Berachoth 35ᵃ א׳ לו לאדם ש׳ וכ׳ one must not etc.; and very frequently—plural אֲסוּרִים, אֲסוּרִין; feminine אֲסוּרוֹת. Terumoth 10, 12; and very frequently 5. אָסוּר. Nif'al נִפְעַל נֶאֱסַרto be forbidden, to become subject to ritual prohibition. the same place (ibid.) 11 אוֹסֶרֶת ואינה נֶאֱסָרֶת affects other things which come in contact with it, but is not affected; and frequently ↗ original
אֲסַרto chain, imprison. Targum 2 Kings 17, 4; and frequently to bind by spell, charm. Targum Psalms 58, 6; and elsewhere to tie up, put on etc. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 49, 11; and elsewhere—Bava Metzia 86ᵇ דקא א׳ ושרי that he tied up (his wound) and untied it. Shabbath 81ᵇ אֲסַרְתָּהּ לארבא she tied (stopped) the ship (by magic spell). to bind the bowels, check diarrhœa. Gittin 69ᵇ למֵיסַר. to forbid. Chullin 109ᵇ כל דא׳ לן וכ׳, see the preceding; and very frequently the same place (ibid.) 111ᵇ; 112ᵃ, and frequently אָסִיר, אֲסִירֵיit is, they are, forbidden.—Avodah Zarah 37ᵇ יוסף אָסְרָא מיבעי ליה he ought to be called, ‘Joseph the forbidder.’—Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 70ᶜ bottom of the page לוֹסַר לפניו to forbid fasting on the day preceding. *to bind one’s self by vowing a fast (compare Numbers 30, 3), or to be bound. Megillah Taanith 12, end, quoted and discussed Taanith 12ᵃ (see variant reading lect. in Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) a. notes). Pa'el פִּעֵל אַסַּרto tie (sheaves). Targum Onkelos Genesis 37, 7. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְאַסַּרto be imprisoned. Targum Genesis 42, 19; and elsewhere (in Talmud) Ithpeel אִיתְּסַר to be forbidden. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 11, 10.—Chullin 101ᵇ ליתסר let it be forbidden. the same place (ibid.) 115ᵃ מעשה שבת ליתסרו what has been prepared on the Sabbath ought to be forbidden. Yevamoth 33ᵃ קא מיתסר במלאכה he is forbidden from doing labor; and frequently ↗ original
אִסְרַדְיוֹט = אִסְטְרַטְיוֹט (compare stradiot, D. C. under the word στρατιώτης) Roman officer. Koheleth Rabbah to 11, 1. see סְרַדְיוֹט. ↗ original
אֲסָרָה (אסר) the act of tying (the horses), harnessing (the chariot). Bereshith Rabbah section 55 תבא א׳ שאסר וכ׳ the harnessing which Joseph did himself (in honor of his father, Genesis 46, 29) will stand against the harnessing by Pharaoh (to pursue the Israelites, Exodus 14, 6); i.e. the merits of Joseph’s filial love will protect Israel from the hostility of Pharaoh. ↗ original
אִסְרָטָא = אִסְטְרָטָא, road. Targum, see אִסְטְ׳.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 7, 50ᶜ bottom of the page א׳ דגופתא (in Babylonian edition איסרקא דגדפתה, correct accordingly). Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 1, 64ᵇ bottom of the page; and elsewhere (interchanging with אסט׳).—plural אִסְרָטִיןpromenade, see אִסְטְ׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 68ᵃ bottom of the page Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 12, 12ᵈ top אִסְרָטָן(?). [אִסְרָטִין troops, see אִיסְ׳.] ↗ original
אִסְרַטְיוֹט = אִסְטְרַטְיוֹט.—plural אִסְרַטְיוֹטוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 8, end, 36ᵇ א׳ היו שומרין וכ׳ (Roman) soldiers were guarding the doors of the Temple in Jerus., and they bathed (as the ceremony of admission into Judaism), and on the same evening partook of the Passover meal. [Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 7, 13, איצטרדיות edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.), variant reading אצטדריוטות, שחרדיו׳.] ↗ original
אִסְתְּהַר (Ithpeel noun of סהר) [the bright,] Venus. Targum Job 31, 26 (Hebrew text אור, compare ibid. סהרא = ירח).—Megillah 13ᵃ why was Hădassa called Esther? או"ה קורין אותה א׳ … Munich manuscript (edition על שום א׳) the Gentiles called her Ist’har (Esther), (edition … after Ist’har); Yalkut Shimoni Esther 1053 קורין אותה כוכב הנוגה על שם אסתהר … called her Venus corresponding to Ist’har. [Cmp. ištar = עַשְׁתֹּרֶת, Schrader KAT 176 and the following] 5. אִיסְתִּירָא. ↗ original
אִסְתֹּומְכָא (Ithpeel noun of סמך; compare סוּמְכָא) the thick part, or the protection of an organ of the body, muscle, cartilage etc. Chullin 50ᵇ (explaining ‘the inner stomach’) א׳ דכרסא (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אסט׳) the thick portion of the rumen (?). Avodah Zarah 29ᵃ א׳ דליבא the protector of the heart (or of the stomach), the cartilago ensiformis, xiphoides, see אוּנְקְלַי I, 3; (other opinion rejected in Rashi: fleshy walls of the heart). ↗ original
אִסְתָּן Chaldaic (Aramaic) masculine (Ithp. of סן, see סנן a. שנן)the clear or cold wind, hence north-wind, North. Kethuboth 23ᵃ; Kiddushin 12ᵇ עדים בצד אסתן the witnesses are in the North (Babylon; see Tosafoth the same place (ibid.) a. see אוריא).—Targum Job 37, 22 manuscript (edition אִסְתַּנְיָא); Hebrew text זהב).—Berachoth 59ᵃ אתא אסתנא וכ׳ (manuscript אי׳) the northwind comes and clears the sky. Eruvin 65ᵃ a Talmudic decision must be as clear כיומא דא׳ as a northwind day; Megillah 28ᵇ. Shabbath 116ᵇ. Cmp. טִיהֲרָא. ↗ original
אֶסְתֵּר (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a female person Esther, wife of king Ahasverus. Shemoth Rabbah section 15 ובאה א׳ והאירה and Esther (bright star, see אִסְתְּהַר) came and brought light. Megillah 13ᵃ; and frequently—מגילת א׳, or only א׳, the Book of Esther. Sanhedrin 100ᵃ. Megillah 7ᵃ, and elsewhere (controversy as to its canonic character). ↗ original
אַף 1also, too. Kethuboth 6ᵇ; and frequently אף הואthe same. Aboth 2, 6.—אף על פי (abbr. אע"פ) properly even following the dictation of;אף על גב (abbr. אע"ג) properly even on the top of, = notwithstanding, although (the former mostly in Mishnah, the latter in Gemara). Kethuboth 5, 1 אע"פ שאמרו וכ׳ although the Rabbis have said; and frequently—Megillah 3ᵃ אע"ג דאיהו לא חזא although he does not see it; and very frequently—אף על פי כן nevertheless. Sanhedrin 98ᵃ; and frequently—Chaldaic (Aramaic) same. Targum Onkelos Numbers 16, 13; and elsewhere 5. אוּף. ↗ original
אַף 2 see אָנַף) properly breath, hence nose. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 18, 5 (interpret, ăfafuni, the same place (ibid.)) הגיעו הצרות עד א׳ the troubles have risen up to the nose. panting, anger.—Dual אַפַּיִם. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, 65ᵇ bottom of the page ארך אף … ארך אפים וכ׳, it does not read (Jonah 4, 2), Slow of anger but of angers, which means that He is long suffering both to the righteous and the wicked; and frequently proper noun of a male person Af, allegorical name of the angel administering justice., allegorical name of the angel administering justice. Shemoth Rabbah section 41 end; section 44; Devarim Rabbah section 3.— overheated condition, wearines. Makhshirin 3, 8 בשעת האף when the animal is overheated, variant reading יַחַף which see ↗ original
אַף 3 , only in du. אַפַּיִםface (cheeks). ↗ original
אַפָּא 1 common gender same; face, presence. Targum Ezekiel 1, 6; and elsewhere; see אַנְפָּא.—Bereshith Rabbah section 35, beginning למיחזי סבר אַפָּאִי to see my countenance. Bereshith Rabbah section 87 it is right הדין אַפָּהּ כסי that the face of this (idol) is covered.—Moed Katan 20ᵇ באַפָּהּ in her presence, בלא א׳ in her absence.—Transf. front. Chullin 47ᵃ אפה וכ׳ the front (of the lungs) facing the examiner.—With ל-, towards, opposite. Sanhedrin 72ᵃ קאי לאפאי he places himself opposite me (for defence). Pesachim 111ᵇ לאפֵּיה דשמאליה (Munich manuscript להדיה ש׳) towards, by his left side.—plural אַפִּין, אַפַּיָּא, face (Biblical Hebrew אפים, פנים). Targum Ezekiel 1, 6; and frequently—Pesikta Rabbati section 21 א׳ בא׳ face to face. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 3, 11 the angel has חמש א׳ five faces. Echah Rabbah to 5, 5 א׳ בשחור in darkness of countenance, in sadness. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 4, 9ᶜ bot ולא אמרין לה לכל א׳ but one must not say so in the presence of all (publicly). (only in plural) modes, ways. Targum Song of Songs 1, 11.—Nedarim 41ᵃ אַפֵּי הלבתא methods of talmudical disquisitions. Echah Rabbah to 2, 2 שיתין א׳ sixty ways of interpretation. Berachoth 4ᵇ בתמניא א׳ (variant reading אלפין, Munich manuscript אלף בית) in eight ways, eightfold acrosticon.—באפי נפשיה for itself, separately. Sanhedrin 56ᵇ; and frequently; see נַפְשָׁא. especially in the plural אַפַּיָּא, אַפַּיָּיאcharacter, nature Esther Rabbah introduction א׳ חציפתא impudent people (Hebrew . Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 28ᶜ bottom of the page and if the Lord will not hear me כל א׳ שוין all natures (divinities) are alike (proverbial expression of distrust in God); Echah Rabbah introduction (R. Yitsḥ. 2) Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אַפַּיִּין); Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Shubah p. 162ᵇ; Ruth Rabbah to 2, 14. Cmp. אוֹפִי. ↗ original
אַפָּא 2 , nose. Targum Lamentations 4, 20; and elsewhere ↗ original
אָפָא (contracted of אַפְעָא which see) a striped wild animal (of the genus felis) of which the male (stronger) and the female species are distinguished, corresp. to Hebrew צָבוּע which see; leopard, and hyæna striata (striped hyena). Bava Kamma 16ᵃ (explained נפרזא leopard); the same place (ibid.) (explained צבוע); see discussion the same place (ibid.) Yoma 84ᵃ א׳ דיכרא Munich manuscript (edition דדיכרא, correct accordingly) a male afa. [Not to be confounded with Biblical Hebrew אֶפְעֶה, see Nöld. M. Gr. p. 58 and the following note.] ↗ original
אַפַּדְנָא , Pers.; see Friedr. Delitzsch, Prolegomena p. 149, note) country-seat, mansion, palace. Targum Jeremiah 43, 10 (Hebrew text שפריר).—Moed Katan 12ᵃ. Berachoth 56ᵃ. Kethuboth 62ᵃ גני בטולא דא׳ sleeps in the shade of his palace (at home, in safety).—plural אַפַּדְנֵי. Kerith. 6ᵃ (read אא׳ or with Rashi על א׳). Kethuboth 97ᵃ ↗ original
אָפֹּובַּלְסְמוֹן (ὀποβάλσαμον) juice of the balsam-tree, balsam. Bereshith Rabbah section 27 היו מביאין א׳ ושף וכ׳ (read ושפין) they would take balsam and smear it on the stones (of the houses of the wealthy); Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 5, 55ᵈ bottom of the page רושמין בא׳ marked out with balsam. Yerushalmi (prefix) Horayoth 3, 47ᶜ באפי בלסמון (correct accordingly). Bereshith Rabbah section 39, beginning אפופל׳, אפופילסימון (correct accordingly). 5. אֲפַרְסָמוֹן. ↗ original
*אֲפוּזְיָינֵי (ὀψιανός, sub λίθος, obsianus) obsidian beads [Rashi: of gold, thinking of פז]. Shabbath 57ᵇ Munich manuscript אפוז׳ (edition אפוזיינו, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word אָבְז׳ אב; variant reading in manuscripts אפד׳, אפיד׳, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)), explained טוטפת, of Mishnah, contradistinguished to חומרתא דקטיפתא balsam beads, see חוּמַרְתָּא. 5. אָפְסְיָין. ↗ original
אַפּוּחָא (נפח or פוח) swelling, whence bulk, volume. Pesachim 50ᵇ נפיש אפוחייהו manuscript Oxf. (edition אפחזייהו, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) their bulk is large. ↗ original
אפוטיין , read אוֹפְסְיָין, see אָפְסְיָין; compare אפוזייני. ↗ original
*אפוטריקא edition, אפוטרכא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), read פַּטְרִיאַרְכָא masculine (πατριάρχης) patriarch, religious chief of the Samaritans. Bereshith Rabbah section 94. ↗ original
אַפּוּכִי (אפך, הפך, compare חליפין) return, exchange, equivalent, settlement (compare especially Targum Proverbs 24, 29, a. Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus under the word הפך). Vayikra Rabbah section 34, end א׳ דידה הן היא (Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 665 אִיפּוּכִין, plural) where is the equivalent for the money spent? the same place (ibid.) and of all those (praised for their deeds with ashré) לא נטל א׳ אלא זה (Yal. the passage cited איפוכין) none received the promise of an equivalent except this (Psalms 41, 2). Bereshith Rabbah section 42 on the day of the destruction of Jerusalem נטלו ישראל אפכי Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אופכי) Israel received full payment for all their sins (referring to Lamentations 4, 22). the same place (ibid.) א׳ גדולה ample, general settlement; Echah Rabbah the passage cited א׳ שלימה settlement in full. [Tanchuma Sh’moth 13, אפיפסים, correct accordingly] Bamidbar Rabbah section 13; Esther Rabbah introduction Ruth Rabbah introduction אופכין (correct accordingly). [Echah Rabbah to 3, 13 אפוכי בני Musafia, hostages; see אוֹפִיכָא]—plural אִפֹּוכִיֹּות, אַפְכִיֹּות. Ylamdenu Sh’laḥ, quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh); Bamidbar Rabbah section 17 a citizen was paying annonaeובותב א׳ and writing agreements of converting (security for the case of forfeiture); see, however, אַנְפָּרוּת. ↗ original
אַפּוּלְיָאApulia, the country in the S. E. of Italy. Targum Ezek. 27, 6 some edition, other edition a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אִיטַלְיָא (Hebrew text כתיים). ↗ original
אָפוּןbean (compare אפול under the word אֲפוֹלִים). Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 4, 43ᶜ bottom of the page עד כא׳ only the size of a bean; see חָאפוּן. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, 43ᵃ bottom of the page וכא׳ היה had the shape of a bean.—plural אֲפוּנִים, אֲפוּנִין. Kelim 3, 2 א׳ הגמלונין Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), Munich manuscript (edition הגמלנים) large beans; see גַּמְלוֹן. Shabbath 21, 3 (143ᵃ) שער של א׳ (manuscript L. עפ׳; edition Soncino פולין) the silique of the bean. Teb. Yom 1, 5; and frequently ↗ original
אֲפוּנְדָּה (= פונדה which see, funda) money bag, purse, suspended from the neck or from a belt. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 10, 12ᶜ. Shabbath 10, 3 (92ᵃ; 92ᵇ) Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition פו׳); and frequently—Transferred womb. Tanchuma Thazr. 3 האפונדיה, אפונדיה; edition Buber edition 5 פונדיה (correct accordingly); [Vayikra Rabbah section 14 ארנקי]. ↗ original
*אַפֹּוסְטוֹמוֹס (variant reading פוסטמוס, פס׳) proper noun of a male person Apostomos (Postomos), one who is mentioned as having burned the Law [and put up an idol in the Temple]. Taanith 4, 6; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 68ᶜᵈ; Yalkut ShimoniKings 250. [Prob. an officer of king Antioch Epiphanes of Syria; perh. a popul. corruption of ἀπόστολος, compare 2 Makkoth 6, 1.] ↗ original
אִפֹּופֹּודִין (frequ. miscopied אפיפ׳, and with ר for ד) common gender (ὑποπόδιον) footstool to the throne or to a high chair of distinction. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 24, 10 (correct accordingly).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 77ᶜ bottom of the page after building the throne, he makes אפו׳ שלו his foot-stool; Bereshith Rabbah section 1; Vayikra Rabbah section 36 (correct accordingly). Kelim 16, 1 א׳ של בעלי הבית (in Talmud edition בעל) the people’s footstool of the household (a folding stool, compare אַסְלָא 2). the same place (ibid.) 24, 7 ג׳ פנקסין יש הא׳ וכ׳ (correct accordingly) there are three boards or tablets in use (see פנקס), that which is used as a footsool is susceptible of uncleanness by being trod upon, that with a receptacle for wax (writing tablet) gets unclean by etc. [Bereshith Rabbah section 17; Koheleth Rabbah to 3, 19, see אֱפִיפְּיוֹן.] ↗ original
אַפֹּופְסִין (ἀπόφασις, ἀπόφανσις) verdict, dispensation. [Variously corrupted: איפופסין, איפוספ׳, איפרפס etc.] Ylamdenu to Genesis 3, 1 quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (referring to Proverbs 18, 7) the fools give out האפופסין שלהן their own verdict. Pesikta Rabbati section 44 איספוסין, אפוספיס (correct accordingly). Pesikta Rabbati section 46 (edition Friedman p. 187ᵇ) ניתן פאופרי read נטל א׳ he received his verdict (of expulsion from Eden). Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 7, 21ᵈ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 1, 57ᵃ bottom of the page איפ׳; and frequently [Tanchuma Sh’moth 13 שנטלו אפופסים, read אַפּוּכִי.]—Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 17; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 670 two curiosi (see הנדיוסין) רצין בהפרכוס (באין באיפרפוס) (read באפופסיס) run (come) each with a verdict; see בָּאיָין.—Vayikra Rabbah section 21, beginning אפופסיות Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), read with edition אפופסיס. ↗ original
אפופרין Koheleth Rabbah to 3, 19, see אֱפִיפְּיוֹן ↗ original
אֲפוּקֵי (נפק, פוק) exit, end (= Hebrew מוצאי). Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 4, 30ᵈ top בא׳ שובת׳ on Sabbath night. Pesachim 105ᵇ א׳ יומא dismissal of the festive day with benediction; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 7, 20ᵇ, top אפיקי (correct accordingly) a. פוקי.—[לאפוקי, see אַפֵּק.] ↗ original
אַפֹּוקֵי (Af'el of נפק) carrying out. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 26, 5 לא׳ בר זרעא until seed-time. ↗ original
אפורטין Vayikra Rabbah section 25, beginning מפני א׳, Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 615 אפרטין, read מפני הַפִּירָטִין, see פִּירָטֵיס. ↗ original
*אָפֹּורְיָיא (ὀπωριαῖα, τὰ) fruit. Bereshith Rabbah section 72 בשעת בִּכּוּר כל מיני א׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition איפוריא, read אוֹ׳) in the season when all kinds of fruit ripen. ↗ original
אַפּוּתָא (= אַפָּא) nose. Targum Job 41, 12 (9). front of the face, forehead. Pesachim 112ᵃ ידא אא׳ וכ׳ the hand on the forehead is one step to sleep. Berachoth 44ᵃ, see דִּידְבָא.—Taanith 25ᵃ מאַפּוּתֵיה out of his forehead. the same place (ibid.) אפותאִי edition (read אאפ׳), see אִסְקוּטְלָא I.—Avodah Zarah 26ᵃ אאפותיה Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אפותא, Munich manuscript אפותיה, corrupted) on its (the child’s) forehead. Shabbath 80ᵇ, see אַנְדִּיפָא. ↗ original
אַפֹּותִּיקִי (ἀποθήκη) store-house, store. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Genesis 24, 2. the same place (ibid.) see 10 שפר א׳ וכ׳ the best things of his store (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 אַפּוּתְיָקִי …, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) only דְּיָתִיקִי, see Bereshith Rabbah section 59).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 4, beginning 6ᵈ bottom of the page, opposite to אצל בעה"ב in dwelling rooms, compare הֶפְתֵּק.—plural Hebrew אַפֹּותִּיקָאוֹת. Shemoth Rabbah section 30 יש לך א׳ וכ׳ hast thou store-houses where to put them?—Chaldaic אַפֹּותִּיקַיָּא, אַפֹּותִּיקֵי. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 32, 34; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 9, 41ᶜ bottom of the page ↗ original
אִפֹּותִּיקִי (ὑποθήκη) pledge, mortgage; an object made a security without being placed in the possession of the pledgee, opposite to מַשְׁכּוֹן.—Bava Kamma 96ᵃ שווייה ניהליה א׳ וכ׳ he made it a mortgage by saying, ‘You can pay yourself only out of this thing’. the same place (ibid.) 11ᵇ עשה עבדו א׳ if he mortgaged his slave; and frequently mortgage-document, deed. Tosefta Shevi'ith 8, 6 שטר שיש בו א׳ (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) הִפֹּותִּקִי) a note (contract) containing a mortgage obligation. Shemoth Rabbah section 31 כתוב לי א׳ על וכ׳ give me a mortgage on thy field.—plural אִפֹּותִּיקָאוֹת. Bava Metzia 19ᵃ דייתיקאות א׳ וכ׳ (Munich manuscript הפותיקו׳, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) wills, mortgage deeds etc. Tosefta Shabbath 8 (9), 13 שטרי דייתיקי וא׳ edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (edition הפות׳, read והפ׳). ↗ original
אָפֵז (= Biblical Hebrew פָּזַז) to dance, leap, sport. Bereshith Rabbah section 68 (emphasizing bo, Genesis 28, 12 as referring to Jacob) אֲפֵזִים בו וכ׳ sporting with him. ↗ original
אַפְחֲזָא (פחז) levity, wantonness. Sanhedrin 57ᵃ דקא מגלי אפחזייהו Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אורחייהו; variant reading lect. see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 7) the Bible text describes their wantonness, lewdness.—Pesachim 50ᵇ, see אַפּוּחָא. ↗ original
אַפְטוֹרִיקִיAftoriki. Bava Metzia 5ᵃ אבוה דר׳ א׳; Chullin 64ᵇ … דוסתאי (Dostai) the father of R. A. (Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 4, 41ᵈ top פטרוקי אחוה וכ׳ Patruki, brother of R. Darosa). ↗ original
אֶפְטֵט (= פִּיטְפּוּט; see בטט) puppets of clay, a set of clay (or metal) pins to put pots on for cooking, pot-stand. Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 1, 12 א׳ שיש בו וכ׳ a pot-stand containing metal. Tosefta Niddah 7, 3 אפטי (correct accordingly). ↗ original
אַפְטָרָה (פטר, Nif'al נִפְטַרto part; see הַפְטָרָה) farewell-address, homiletic observations made on parting with the host that entertained scholars, toast (in praise of hospitality, charity, support of students etc.). Bereshith Rabbah section 60 R. Yerushalmi (prefix) עבד לה א׳ used the (preceding) text for a toast; and frequently see אַפְטַרְתָּא↗ original
אפטרופולין Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 9; אפטרפא, אפטרפוס, אפטרפין, see אֶפִּיטְרוֹפּוֹס a. follow. ↗ original
אַפְטַרְתָּא (see אַפְטָרָה) properly conclusion, especially Aftarah, or Haftarah, i.e. the prophetic lesson read in Synagogue after the reading from the Pentateuch. Pesachim 117ᵇ דא׳ (the benediction) belonging to the Aft.—*Gittin 60ᵃ ספר א׳ (or plural אַפְטָרָתָא) probably a book containing homiletic notes for toasts etc., see אַפְטָרָה. [5. Rapap. Er. Mill. p. 167.]—Cmp. הַפְטָרָה. ↗ original
אפי ² , see אפף) [to heat, darken, compare חמץ,] to bake. Kethuboth 5, 5 ואוֹפָה and must bake. Pesachim 116ᵃ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 5, 45ᵃ bottom of the page א׳ ג׳ תנורים baked three ovenfulls of bread; and frequently—participle passive אָפוּי baked, (as a noun) pastry. Pesikta Rabbati section 16 א׳ אחד וכ׳ (some edition עפוי; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Eth Korb. p. 58ᵇ, Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 777 שבוי correct accordingly) I charged thee with the furnishing of one kind of pastry (to supply the governor’s household).—plural אֲפוּיִים. Mechilta Bs’hall. Vay. 4.—Fem. אֲפוּיָה. Bereshith Rabbah section 67 (play on epho, Genesis 27, 37) פתך א׳ thy bread is baked, thou shalt have to eat without labor. the same place (ibid.) פורניתא א׳ (read פורניתך), see פּורָנִית a. פּוֹרְנִי. Nif'al נִפְעַל נֶאֱפָהto be baked. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 11 (play on epho, see above) מי נ׳ בתנור זה who is to be baked in this oven (hell)?—Menachoth 11, 1; and elsewhere Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְאַפֶּהsame. Mechilta the passage cited היה מִתְאַפֶּה became baked of itself. Sifré Numbers 89 המתְאַפִּים בתנור things baked in the oven. ↗ original
אָפֵי Targum Genesis 19, 3; and frequently—Menachoth 94ᵃ כיון דא׳ לה after he baked it. Shabbath 63ᵇ למֵיפָא to bake.—אָפָן, אָפְיָיתָאbaking women, bakers. Targum I Samuel 8, 13.—Berachoth 58ᵇ שתין א׳ sixty bakers.—the same place (ibid.) ואפיין and they used to bake. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 4, 62ᶜ bottom of the page אתת מופה (read מֵיפָה) she came in order to bake; and frequently Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְאָפֵיto be baked. Targum Leviticus 6, 10; and elsewhere ↗ original
אֶפִּיטְרוֹפָּא form = next word) masculine (Chaldaic (Aramaic) form = next word) guardian, administrator; procurator (of a Roman district). Bava Metzia 39ᵃ א׳ לדיקנני וכ׳ we appoint no guardian for the bearded (adults). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, beginning 9ᵃ לעשות בה א׳ to appoint another person as an administrator of the hired or loaned object. Echah Rabbah to 5, 12 א׳ עליל לקרתא a governor (proconsul) entered a town.—plural אֶפִּיטְרוֹפַּיָּא. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Asser p. 95ᵇ אילין א׳ וכ׳ those Roman proconsuls that go out visiting the country places (compare Shemoth Rabbah section 31, end). fem. administratrix; see אֶפִּיטְרוֹפְיָא. ↗ original
אֶפִּיטְרוֹפּוֹס ( masculine (ἐπίτροπος) same. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 39, 4; and elsewhere—Bava Metzia 39ᵃ מעמידין א׳ the court appoints an administrator. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 1, 40ᵇ bottom of the page א׳ לעולם a permanent administrator (guardian), א׳ לשעה a temporary administrator (substitute). Shemoth Rabbah section 46 מתגדלת אצל א׳ reared in the house of a guardian; and frequently—Shabbath 121ᵃ א׳ של מלך royal administrator (of the fiscus).—Transferred Kethuboth 13ᵇ, and elsewhere אין א׳ לעריות there is no guardian (no means of guarding) against inchastity; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 25ᵈ top א׳ על עריות.—plural אֶפִּיטְרוֹפְסִים, אֶפִּיטְרוֹפְסִין, אַפַּטְרְפִין אֶפִּיטְרוֹפִין. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 41, 34. Pesachim 8, 1. Esther Rabbah to 1, 2; and frequently—Tosefta Terumoth 5, 7 תרומת א׳ T’rumah set apart by administrators in behalf of minors. Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) the passage cited—Bereshith Rabbah section 6; Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 9 אפיטרופולין (correct accordingly); and frequently [Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 771 אפיקורוס twice, read our word] ↗ original
אֶפִּיטְרוֹפְיָאadministratrix, guardian. Kethuboth 9, 6 (86ᵇ) (Mishnah edition פא …, Talmud edition פיא …). Bava Bathra 144ᵃ פא … Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 9, 33ᵃ top אפיטרופא, אפטרפא a. אפטרפוס. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 9, 3. ↗ original
אֶפִּיטְרוֹפְסוּת (denominative of אפיטרופוס) guardianship, administration. Tosefta Bava Bathra 2, 5 (אפיטרוסות edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.), correct accordingly); Tosefta Kethuboth 9, 3 יוצא מאפיטרופסותו when he has ceased to be an administrator. ↗ original
אֲפִיָיה 1 (אפי) baking. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 7, 10ᵇ bottom of the page א׳ תולדה לבישול baking is a labor forbidden on the Sabbath as a species of cooking; see אָב 2. Menachoth 94ᵃ; and frequently—plural אֲפִיּוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 3, 30ᵇ top כדי שתי א׳ twice the time required for baking. [Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 7, 40ᵇ bottom of the page הנודר מן הא׳, read חֲפִירָה as Tosefta Nedarim 4, 3.] ↗ original
אִפְּיַיטְרוֹס (ἱππίατρος) veterinary surgeon. Bamidbar Rabbah section 9. ↗ original
אַפְיָין (אפי) bake-fish (compare סולתנות), a small fish believed to grow scales when reaching a certain age. Chullin 66ᵃ bottom of the page Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אפיין (edition עפיאן); Avodah Zarah 39ᵃ עפיץ edition (Munich manuscript עפאץ, read עפיין, עפיאן); Tosefta Chullin 3 (4), 27 אנפיא edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading נפיא). ↗ original
אָפִילslow to ripen, late in the season. Moed Katan 6ᵃ א׳ late produces, opposite בַּכִּיר. Bereshith Rabbah section 61, beginning זרע בא׳ sow at the advanced season. Fem. אֲפִילָהadvanced autumn, rainy season. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 1, 64ᵃ bottom of the page—plural אֲפִילוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 3, beginning 47ᵇ sheeps which conceive late in the season.—קרן אפיל, see אָפֵל 2. ↗ original
אֲפֵילָא Moed Katan 6ᵇ אפלא וקא משוי לה וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition א׳ קא, different interpretation or differently interpreted version in Rashi) it is a slowly growing garden and by watering he makes it fast growing.—plural masculine אֲפֵילֵי, אַפְלֵי. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 11, 2 late seeds. Taanith 3ᵇ אפילי late clouds (after the rain), see חָרְפָא. Niddah 65ᵇ חרפי ואפלי earlier and later crops (in two succeeding years, so that the interval of time varies). plural feminine אֲפֵילָתָא, אַפְלָתָא. Targum Onkelos Exodus 9, 32. Rosh Hashanah 8ᵃ late conceiving, sluggish sheep, opposite חָרְפְּיָיתָא. ↗ original
אֲפֵילָה ²darkness. Bereshith Rabbah section 89 beginning (mental darkness; trials etc.); see אוֹפֶל. ↗ original
אֲפִילּוּ (abbreviated or abbreviation אפי׳) (= אַף אִילּוּ) even if, although, even. Targum Psalms 14, 3 (Hebrew text גם); and elsewhere—Rosh Hashanah 25ᵃ (reading אתם Leviticus 23, 2; 4; 37 as if אַתֶּם) ‘which ye will proclaim’, אתם אפי׳ וכ׳ye even if erring in the appointment of the festive calendar etc., i.e. the appointment of the Supreme Court is definite and binding. Berachoth 9ᵃ, and frequently א׳ לרבנן even if following the opinion of etc.; and very frequently [Shir HaShirim Rabbah end א׳ להחריבו, see next word] ↗ original
אַפִּילוֹן (ἀπειλῶν, ἀπειλέων, participle pres. of ἀπειλέω, probably borrowed frequently Aquila to Psalms 104, 32) threatening. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᶜ bottom of the page הוא א׳ לעולמו להחריבו He looks upon his world threatening to destroy it. Shir HaShirim Rabbah end, that time חושב הקב"ה אפילו להחריבו וכ׳ (read אפילון לעולמו להח׳) the Lord plans threatening etc. Ylamdenu beginning (quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) with referring to Psalms the passage cited) מסתכל אפיליון של עולם (read על עולמו) He looks threatening upon His world; compare Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 18, 8; Yalkut ShimoniSamuel 158. ↗ original
אַפִּילוֹן ² (πυλών, πυλεών) gate-way. Berachoth 16ᵇ נכנס לאפיליון Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אנפילון, Manuscript Florence לבית המרחץ, read לבית החצר, Treatise Smachoth, Treatise 1, 10 לחצר). ↗ original
אַפִּיפְיָירוֹת (פִּיפְיָרוּת, רִית—feminine singular) (√פר, compare Biblical Hebrew פרפר = בקעto split; compare פַּרְפֶּרֶת, a. פְּרִיפְרִיוֹת, פִּרְפְּרָאוֹת) split pieces of wood, laths, slabs used for espaliers, also as frames for decorative hangings. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 9, end, 24ᶜ; Tosefta Sotah 15, 9 אבל עושה הוא אפיפיי׳ וכ׳ but one may make lath frames and hang thereon whatever decorations he may desire. [Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 49ᵇ פִּפְיָרִית; Rashi פְּרִיפְרִית singular] Kilayim 6, 3 על מקצת א׳ on a portion of the espaliers. the same place (ibid.) 7, 3 מותר א׳ the balance of the espaliers (on which no vine is trained). Kelim 17, 3 אפי׳ וכ׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) פי׳; Mishnah אפו׳) frames for hangings to which reeds were fastened from the bottom upward (crosswise) for support. Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 6, 6 (a. frequently in commentary or commentaries) פִּיפְיָארוֹת. the same place (ibid.) פִּיפְיָארוּת שאינה וכ׳ a frame (baldachin) which cannot be taken up by its handles and carried through the door (outside).—Chaldaic פֵּיפוּרָא, פִּיפְיוֹרָא. 5. also פּוּרְיָא a. אַפִּרְיוֹן. [ר softened into י, compare חצוצרה.] ↗ original
*אפיפסדוס Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, 46ᵇ לא מטון א׳ וכ׳, probably to be read לא מטון לפלמירא וכ׳ they (the would-be captors of R. Isi) had not arrived at Palmyra before all of them (the royal court etc.) were gone (carried into captivity). 5. זנביא↗ original
אָפִיקto break through, go forth; b) to be a free man, ruler) spring, rivulet(Chaldaic (Aramaic) .—plural אֲפִיקִים. Avodah Zarah 54ᵇ bottom of the page ruler. plural as above. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 5, 12 (allud. to ăfiké mayim, Song of Songs the same place (ibid.)) שהם א׳ על וכ׳ they (the scholars) are appointed officers over the waters of the Law. ↗ original
אֲפִיקוֹלוֹס (?) proper noun of a male person Aphikolos. Tosefta Chullin 8, 3; compare אבקולס. 5. אַפִּיקוֹרִין. ↗ original
אַפִּיקוֹרָא (פקר, see next word) an irreverent person, scorner. plural אַפִּיקוֹרֵי. Nedarim 23ᵃ דשכיחי א׳ וכ׳ for it occurs frequently that disrespectful persons attack the scholars. ↗ original
אַפִּיקוֹרוֹס (פקרס, enlarg. of פקר, compare פרכס etc.; compare אפקרסין) one irreverent of authority or religion, sceptic, heretic. [The peculiar form and also the meaning assigned to our word found a ready support in its phonetic coincidence with Epicurus, the philosopher; compare N. T. Acta 17, 18. The derivatives of our word and those of the plain root פקר interchange frequently.] Sanhedrin X (11), 1, the following have no share in the world to come … וא׳ and the Ep.; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 11, 27ᵈ bottom of the page כהן דאמר אהן ספרא וכ׳ as the one who (speaking of the Law) says (sneeringly) ‘That book’, or ‘Those Rabbis’. Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 99ᵇ (similar definition). Avoth 2, 14 ודע מה שתשיב לא׳ that you may know what to reply to the sceptic; compare Sanhedrin 38ᵇ; and frequently—plural אַפִּיקוֹרְסִין, סִים …, אַפִּיקוֹרוֹ׳. Rosh Hashanah 17ᵃ Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 764. Chagigah 5ᵇ מאי תיהוי עלן מא׳ how shall we henceforth cope with the heretics?, i.e. opponents of tradition (Jew-Christians; compare מִין a. Sanhedrin 38ᵇ).—Cmp. אַפְקָרוּתָא.—Denom. אַפִּיקוֹרוֹסִית, see אַפִּיקוֹרְסוּת. ↗ original
*אַפִּיקוֹרִין , only in בא׳ as adverb (see the preceding words) without restraint. Chullin 104ᵇ עוף וגבינה נאכלין בא׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) רין …, edition רן …, some edition אפיק׳, without prefix ב) poultry and cheese may be eaten without restraint, explained ibid. בלא נטיל׳ וכ׳ without intermission by washing hands etc. *[A marginal note referring to the opinion of אפיקולוס, Tosefta Chullin 8, 3, has been mistaken for a variatio lectionis of our word, as אפקיליס, אפוקלוס, אפיקולוס, אפקוליס, and another glossator, probably thinking of facialis, φακίολης, added פי׳ מטלית—all of which was interpolated in Alfasi ad loc. (on the passage), a. in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word אפיקורין.] ↗ original
אַפִּיקוֹרְסוּת (denominative of אפיקורוס) licentiousness, scepticism. Kiddushin 66ᵇ נזרקה בו א׳ (some edition רוֹסִית …) scepticism (Sadduceism) came over him. ↗ original
אַפִּיקְטְוִיזִין (corrupted אַפּוֹ׳) feminine (ἀποκοτταβίζειν) orig. playing at cottabus, or squirting wine into a bowl; in a transferred sense (S.) the gourmand’s practice of taking an emetic before meal; to vomit. Shabbath 12ᵃ; 123ᵃ; 123ᵇ. the same place (ibid.) 22, 6. Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 16 (17), 22, variant reading edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) אפקטויזין. Sukkah 40ᵇ; Bava Kamma 102ᵃ; Sifra B’har Chaldaic (Aramaic) 1, end אפיקטפיזים (correct accordingly). [A noun ἀποκοττάβισις to which our word would correspond, is not in the vocabulary.] ↗ original
אַפִּיקִילְטָא (ἐμποκιλτὰ, ποικιλτὰ, τὰ) embroidered garments (quoted as Aquila’s translation of רקמה Ezekiel 16, 10; 70 ποικίλα). Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Beshallach p. 84ᵇ. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 11; 12 איפליקתא, אפליקטא (correct accordingly). Echah Rabbah beginning תרגם אונק׳ אפלקטורין פליקטא (read עקילס, and correct accordingly by striking out one of the two words as variatio lectionis that came into the text; compare Pesikta d'Rav Kahana the passage cited note). ↗ original
אֲפִיקֵירוֹסEpicærus, a town East of the Jordan (Ptol. 5, 16, 9), in Targum corresp. to Hebrew מַעֲכָה. Targum Deuteronomy 3, 14, O. אפקי׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 קריית אפיק׳ (Yerushalmi (prefix) I corrupt קורוי ואנטיקירוס). Targum Joshua 12, 5; 13, 11; 13. ↗ original
אָפַךְto turn, change, reverse, overthrow. Kilayim 2, 3 say not I will plant ואח"כ אוֹפַךְ and then turn the soil over (destroy the previous seed) אלא אוֹפֵךְ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition הוֹפֵךְ) but one must first uproot etc. (compare אוכל frequently אָכַל). Terumoth 9, 1; Tosefta Kilayim 1, 16 יוֹפַךְ he shall etc. the same place (ibid.) end לייפך edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading לוֹפַךְ) to uproot. ↗ original
אֲפַךְ , Af'el אָפִיךְ, Pa'el אַפַךְ Chaldaic (Aramaic) to turn (active a. neut.) also to turn around, to flee; to make turn around, to beat. Targum Psalms 78, 9. Targum I Chronicles, Book of 8, 13; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᶜ top אפיך אפיך turn around, turn around. Menachoth 25ᵇ, and frequently איפוך reverse it, or, I reverse it. the same place (ibid.) ומי מצית אפכת לה how can you reverse it? Gittin 69ᵇ ונַפְּכֵיה let him reverse it; and frequently—(With שבועה) to reverse the oath, shift the oath over to the opponent. Shevuoth 41ᵃ in a case where the Biblical law prescribes an oath לא מַפְכִינָן we allow it not to be shifted over to the claimant; and frequently—Shabbath 31ᵃ אפיך ליה he reversed it, i.e. recited the alphabet to him in inverted order. Yevamoth 63ᵃ א׳ לה he said to her just the reverse. Gittin 67ᵇ מֵיפַךְ אפכי they will do the reverse; and frequently to overturn, destroy. Taanith 25ᵃ דאפכיה לעלמא מרישא (Munich manuscript דאחרב) that I should destroy the world. (compare אִיכְפַּת) to have to do with, care for, mind. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 1, 60ᵃ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 9, 38ᶜ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 3, 21ᵇ bottom of the page (read:) מה אפך לן פתילה גבי וכ׳ what does the law about wicks concern us when speaking of the egg, i.e. what relation is there between the two? Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, 46ᵃ top מה אפך לן מִצְוֹת וכ׳ what relation is there between religious laws and sanitary precautions concerning snake-bitten fruit? the same place (ibid.) מה אפכיי וכ׳ (correct accordingly). to move about, travel, traffic. Avodah Zarah 31ᵇ כ"ע אפכי all the people are about, on the road. to pay in return, to retaliate, see הֲפַךְ a. אַפּוּכִי.Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְּפִיךְ, אִתְּפַךְ, , אִי׳ to change off. Betzah 10ᵇ איתפוכי אתפך (old edition correctly אתְּפוּךְ, mod. edition אתהפוכי אתהפוך, Munich manuscript והפוכי) they changed places. Deriv. אַפּוּכִי, אִיפְּכָא. ↗ original
אָפַל , only in Hif'il הֶאֱפִיל (denominative of אָפֵל which see) to make dark, obscure. Shabbath 86ᵃ bottom of the page מַאֲפִיל בטליתו he makes dark by spreading his cloak (cover) over himself. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 3, 13ᶜ top עומד ומא׳ the tree stands there and takes the light away.—2) to be late in ripening, giving birth, etc.; to have late crops. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 5, beginning 35ᵈ שנים מַאֲפִילוֹת years slow in ripening, when the crop is delayed. Bereshith Rabbah section 99 שהיא מַאֲפֶלֶת which has late crops. ↗ original
אֲפַלPa'elאַפֵּיל as foregoing Hif'il 1). Bava Bathra 7ᵃ קא מאפלת עלי thou makest my building dark, obstructest my light. ↗ original
אָפֵל 1 (√אף, see אפף; compare אבל, הבל) [thick vapory,] dark. Shabbath 86ᵃ, and frequently בית א׳ a dark (windowless) house.—אֲפֵילָה feminine dark place. Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 9, 57ᵈ top; Pesachim 81ᵇ בא׳, במים in water or in a dark place (cave).—plural fem. אֲפֵילוֹת. Vayikra Rabbah section 9 מבואות א׳ dark alleys; and frequently heavy, sluggish, slow, late. Denom. האפיל, see אָפַל. ↗ original
אָפֵל 2Keren Afel (Dark-Horn), name of a height. Taanith 22ᵇ עד שישב וכ׳ Munich manuscript (edition שיעמוד) until one sits on Kerithoth Afel and can bathe his feet in water. the same place (ibid.) חזייא לי קרן א׳ … edition (manuscript ההיא דוכתא) I have seen (that place) K. A. ↗ original
אַפַּלְיוֹן (pallium, παλλίον) pallium, a sheet worn as a cloak and used for bed-cover. Shabbath 120ᵃ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Rashi (edition אפיליות, Munich manuscript פיליון, correct accordingly). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 16, 15ᵈ top פיליון (correct accordingly). Niddah 8, 1 וכן בפליום Mishnah (Babylonian edition פוליוס, correct accordingly, variant reading פליון). Treatise S’maḥoth 12 מאפלוני, read מֵאַפַּלְיוֹנִי. ↗ original
אַפַּמְיָא (= פַּמְיָיס which see) Paneas in Northern Galilee (Cæsarea). Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᶜ bottom of the page ימא דא׳ the lake of P.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Challah 4, end, 60ᵇ (?). Apamæa in Babylon; see אִסְפַּמְיָא 2). ↗ original
אַפַּנְטֵי (ἀπαντή = ἀπάντησις) encountering.—לא׳ (= εἰς ἀπαντήν, Hebrew לקראת) to meet, to receive. Tanchuma Emor 22 לא׳ של טלך to salute the king. Pesikta Rabbati Ten Command. 1 לא׳ של מלך וכ׳ (some edition לאנפטי, correct accordingly) to salute his father the king. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 12 לאפנתי (correct accordingly). Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 41ᵇ bottom of the page לפגטי; Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 7 לאפרכי דידיה (correct accordingly, or variant reading לאפי). [Yalkut Shimoni Esther 1058 לאנפטי some edition, read: אַנְבְּטֵי.] ↗ original
אַפַּנְקְרִיסִין (transposition of קַפְרִיסִין, with נ inserted) caper-fruit. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, 5ᵈ top א׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition פ׳). the same place (ibid.) 1, 3ᶜ bottom of the page פנקריסים (read … ין); Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 2, 41ᵈ פ׳. [In parallel places קַפְרִיסִין which see] ↗ original
אַפַּנְתָּא (פנה, see פנים; compare אַפּוּתָא frequently אַף) upper, (front), a kind of legging connected with a shoe or sole over which straps are drawn for fastening; corresp. to Hebrew מַנְעַל. Taanith 12ᵇ מסיימי א׳ (Munich manuscript פַּנְתָּאֵי plural) having put on appantas (on a public fast-day). Yevamoth 102ᵃ הוה ליה א׳ מֵעַל וכ׳ (edition פ׳; see Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) under the word) the panta is one ‘from on’ (referring to Deuteronomy 25, 9 ‘and she shall strip his shoe from on his foot’), and the thong a ‘from on’ of a ‘from on’, i.e. panta and thong are two coverings. Berachoth 43ᵇ ולא אמרו אלא בא׳ (edition בפ׳) this applies only to the panta (upper). ↗ original
אָפֵס , see פסס to cut off) to be gone.—[As a noun: there is an end of …] Bava Bathra 111ᵃ אפס (דברי) זכריה (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) (the words of) Zachariah (to whom you refer as an authority) are (is) gone, i.e. they are no authority. homiletically used as though a Greek word (ἄφες) let go, leave alone. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Vattomer p. 130ᵃ (referring to heäfes, Psalms 77, 9) לשון יוני הוא כמד"א אָפֵיס it is a Greek word, as if you were to say, afes (let alone); Echah Rabbah to 1, 2 וכמד"א אמר אפס (strike out ואמר, a. read אפיס); Shemoth Rabbah section 45 לשון יוני אפס הניח in Greek aphes means, (he) let go; Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 816.—[Bereshith Rabbah section 40 (referring to efes Judges 4, 9); omitted in Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 67,—an interpolation from passages quoted above.] ↗ original
אָפֵס ²Afes, an Amora. Shabbath 59ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original
אָפְסוֹנִין (ὀψώνιον) provision, marketing. Tanchuma Tsav 1 כבר שלחתי אפסונין וכ׳ (some edition גין …) I have already sent the marketing to thy house (bribing the market commissioner); Yalkut Shimoni Leviticus 479 אופסנון; Micah 555 אופסיטן (correct accordingly). ↗ original
אַפִּסְטְקִין (πιστάκια, τὰ) the fruits of the pistachio-tree. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 2, beginning 22ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 1, 48ᵈ bottom of the page איפ׳; compare אִלְצָרִין. ↗ original
אַפְסִינְתִּין (ἀψίνθιον) absynth, worm-wood. Avodah Zarah 30ᵃ מר א׳ the bitter wine is that of absynth (absinthites); see פסינטון. ↗ original
אָפְסַנְיָא (ὀψώνιον, compare אָפְסוֹנִין) provision, especially supply and pay for an army. Sanhedrin 18ᵇ מלך משום א׳ the king (is excluded from the court deciding on the intercalation of a thirteenth month) on account of the soldiers’ pay (it being to his interest to create an embolistic year). the same place (ibid.) 2, 4 (21ᵇ) (Mishnah a. the same place (ibid.) edition אספ׳ throughout the whole page, Munich manuscript אפס׳) כדי ליתן א׳ as much as is required for the stipends he has to pay. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 2, 20ᶜ top אפסנייא.—plural אָפְסַנְיוֹת (doubtful, probably אַכְסַנְיוּת). Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 2 שהיה מהלך א׳ (read מחלק, edition אפסיניות, אפיסניות). Sifré Deuteronomy 328; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 946 אָפְסַנְיָאוֹת. ↗ original
*אַפְסְקִימָא (a corruption of σκίφινος) (rope) twisted of palm-leaves, (see Löw Low, Aramaische Pflanzennamen, Leipzig 1881 p. 118). Eruvin 58ᵃ edition a. manuscript (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אפקימא). ↗ original
אַפְסָר (Pers. afsâr, Fleisher, appendix to Levys Targumic or Talmudic Lexicon to Levy Targum Dictionary 1, 418ᵇ; ψάλλιον) bit. Shabbath 5, 1; and elsewhere ↗ original
אַפְסָרָא Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 19, 2.—Transferred the means of taking possession, as possession is taken of the horse by seizing it by the bit. Kiddushin 27ᵃ שטר דא׳ דארעא וכ׳ the deed is valueless in itself as it is merely the bit of landed property. Bava Bathra 53ᵇ מצר א׳ דארעא the balk is etc. (taking possession of which is equal to taking possession of the fields to which it belongs). ↗ original
*אפסתיק (supposed to be an adapt. of ὀψοθήκη) wallet. Bereshith Rabbah section 70 when Laban could not see אפי׳ אפסתקיתיה (יתי …, Yalkut Shimoni Genesis 124 אפסתיק׳ without אפי׳, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) omits אפי׳, Lonz. אפיסטוקתיא, Rashi אפסט׳ without אפי׳) even his (Jacob’s) wallet. [Prob. to be read חמי אַפּוֹתִּיקִי דידיה … or אַפוֹתִּיקַיָּתֵיה, compare Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 24, 10.] ↗ original
אַפְעָא (contracted אָפָא; corresp. to Hebrew צָבוּעַ; אפעto color, compare אפה) [the checkered,] hyena or leopard. plural אַפְעַיָּא. Targum I Samuel 13, 18 (Hebrew text צְבֹעִים). ↗ original
אֶפְעֶה , see אוּפְיָא; compare, however foregoing word) [the foaming,] viper, adder. Bechoroth 8ᵃ. Bereshith Rabbah section 20. ↗ original
אָפַףto swell, to bend; to press, to surround, to heat, to darken, (see אפי, אנף, אפל, אפץ etc.). Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 18, 5, see next word—Denomin. ↗ original
אָפַץ (√אף, see אפף; compare חפץ) to press, squeeze, contract.—participle passive אָפוּץ. Oholoth 9, 3 a gap which was filled with straw או אֲפוּצָה or was made narrower by squeezing the parts together (e.g. pressing the lid down). Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 10, 6 אֲפוּסָה a narrowing of the gap by pressing. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 3, 6ᶜ באפוצה when the wick is compressed in the candlestick. the same place (ibid.) 5, beginning 7ᵇ באֲפוּצִים when the vessels are closely packed. Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 1, 27ᶜ top אֲפוּצוֹת. ↗ original
אֲפַץ , especially to useאַפְצָא which see, to dress or prepare with gall-nut juice.—participle passive אָפִיץ, עָפִיץ. Megillah 19ᵃ top ולא א׳ Munich manuscript (edition ע׳) a skin not moistened with gall-nut. Gittin 19ᵃ הא דאֲפִיצָן Rashi (edition אפיץ) in the one case it means when the parchment has been dressed etc. the same place (ibid.) 11ᵃ; 19ᵇ.—the same place (ibid.) 22ᵃ; Shabbath 79ᵃ ע׳. ↗ original
אַפְצָא (the preceding) [contracting,] gall-nut. Gittin 19ᵃ; Shabbath 104ᵇ (מי) א׳ gall-nut juice.—plural אַפְצֵי, עַפְצֵי. Shevuoth 41ᵇ and the following Ms Fleisher, appendix to Levys Targumic or Talmudic Lexicon א׳, edition ע׳.—5. עֶפֶץ. ↗ original
אַפֵּק (Af'el of נפק which see) to bring out, take away.—לְאַפּוּקֵי to the exclusion of. Nedarim 41ᵃ; and frequently = למעוטי, להוציא, see מעט, יצא. ↗ original
אַפְקוֹתָא (אפק, see אָפִיק) that which branches off the trunk, neck. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 7, 30 (20). Targum I Samuel 4, 18 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (variant reading אפרק׳, פרק׳, פקותא). א׳ דדיקלא that portion of the palm-tree where the ramification starts (Oth. opinion the ramification, upper portion). Sukkah 13ᵃ. Niddah 24ᵃ אַפְקְתָא וכ׳. ↗ original
אַפְקַעְתָּא (פקע) cancellation of obligations, exceptional legislation. דמלכא א׳a special royal dispensation (with reference to the suspensions of rights connected with the Sabbath and Yobel years). Bava Metzia 106ᵃ; 109ᵃ.—the same place (ibid.) 39ᵃ ↗ original
אַפְקָרוּתָא (פקר; see אַפִּיקוֹרוֹס) making free, irreverence, contempt of the Law and its teachers. Moed Katan 16ᵃ לאפיק׳ לאלתר for contempt of the Law excommunication is pronounced forth with (without warning). Sanhedrin 100ᵃ מי מיחזי כי אפק׳ Munich manuscript (edition incorr. נמי מיחזי כו׳) does that look like showing irreverence (to one’s teacher)? Eruvin 63ᵃ same (with מתחזי for מיחזי). [Sanhedrin the passage cited second time כה"ג מיחזי א׳, corrupted as above.] ↗ original
אַפְקְרָסִי (see the preceding) of an irreverent, rebellious disposition. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 27ᵈ bottom of the page ↗ original
אַפְקַרְסִין feminine plural (also used as singular a. masculine) (פקר, with format. ס; see אפיקורוס; compare אַבְרְקִין, פַּקְרְסִין, סַבְרִיקִין, סְפַרְקִין, a. אוּנְקְלַי 2) undress, (negligee), whence underwear, the garment next to the skin, shirt, bathing or night gown, sheet. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 4ᶜ top אפיק׳ היה וכ׳ he had an undergarment on beneath; compare Pesikta Rabbati section 22.—Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Shekalim p. 15ᵇ and the following אפיקריסין (singular a. plural); Vayikra Rabbah section 24; (Vayikra Rabbah section 2 פרקסין, פקרסין). Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 8, 36ᵇ top המעביר בא׳ he who carries a skeleton wrapped in sheets; Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 1, 80ᵈ top of the page—the same place (ibid.) 3, end, 83ᵈ אין א׳ מעכבת (Babylonian the same place (ibid.) 22ᵇ אַפִּיקַרְסוּתוֹ) his underwear (shirt) forms no check (but must likewise be rent; different interpretation or differently interpreted in Rashi ad loc. (on the passage)). Treatise S’maḥoth 12 אפיקריסין (Tur Yor. Deah 203 אפרסקא). [Pesikta Rabbati the passage cited אפיקריתים, אפיקרייתם correct accordingly]—Deriv. אַפְקַרְסוּת, אַפִּי׳ etc., underwear. Berachoth 23ᵇ one may wrap up etc. etc. באפקרסותו Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (Munich manuscript באפקרי׳, edition אפרק׳) in his sheet. Niddah 48ᵇ נישוף בא׳ is rubbed against their underwear (corset etc.). Chagigah 26ᵃ וֹ לתוכו—ואפי׳ נפל א Munich manuscript (read נפלה, edition נפל omitted) even if his underwear fell into it, (the vessel remains clean). Mikvaoth 10, 4 הקשר של אפרקסותו שבכתף Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) (edition שבפרקסים) the knot of one’s bathing sheet which is on the shoulder. ↗ original
*אַפְקַשְׁיוֹן (Munich manuscript) proper noun of a male person Afkashion, Afkashian. Yoma 28ᵇ (variant reading אפקישן). ↗ original
*אפר , Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 2, beginning 64ᶜ bottom of the page א׳ חמשים, א׳ שתין—. The entire passage is corrupt, and allows no inference that אפר means (= עבר) to pass, be past. The text possibly read: אפי׳, אפי׳ (בן) חמשים ועשה דבר שהוא בהיכרת (בן) ששים ועשה דבר שהוא בעון מיתה מת בהיכרת כהא דתני ר׳ חנינ׳ וכ׳. [אבל רב חדי a. אבל חדי ibid. (read: אבל רבתי) is a gloss referr. to Treatise S’maḥoth Chaldaic (Aramaic) 3.] ↗ original
אֵפֶרashes. Oholoth 2, 2 א׳ שרופים ashes of persons burnt to death (by accident). Bava Bathra 60ᵇ; Taanith 2, 1 א׳ מקלה calcined ashes (symbol of mourning, supplication etc.). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 65ᵃ אֶפְרוֹ של יצחק the ashes of (the ram substituted for) Isaac. Bereshith Rabbah section 49. Vayikra Rabbah section 36; and frequently ↗ original
אֲפַר (√פר, compare Ges. H. Dictionary under the word פרא) pasture-ground (outside of the town), in gen. meadow. Betzah 5, 7. Pesachim 8ᵇ; and frequently ↗ original
אֲפַר ² Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Exodus 2, 3; 5 (variant reading אפרה; Targum Onkelos יערא). [Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, 3ᵇ חד אפר, see חוֹחָא.] ↗ original
אֶפְרָא 2 Chaldaic (Aramaic) = Hebrew אֵפֶר. Targum I Chronicles 21, 15 א׳ דעקדת׳ וכ׳ the ashes of Isaac’s offering, see אֵפֶר.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, 67ᵃ a foolish son א׳ בעיני וכ׳ is ashes in the eyes of his mother (תוגת by permutation אפרא; see א"ת). ↗ original
אַפְּרַגְיָא (ἀπραγία, ἀπραξία) inactivity, cessation of labor, holiday. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Sh’mini, p. 195ᵃ (see Buber note 66 to p. 193ᵃ) if both of us open (sales) at the same time הרי אנו עושין אפרגיא במדינה (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) variant reading אפרגיזא, אפרגינה, read אפרגזיא) we shall create a cessation of labor in the district (as all the laboring people will run to the market town on one and the same day; Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 782 זול from misunderstanding); Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 2 אפרגייס (read אפרגייא or אפרגסייא). Pesikta Rabbati section 41 R. Yonathan … had goods with him והייתה אפרגיס (correct accordingly) and there was inactivity and dull business in consequence thereof [for which Yalkut Shimoni Psalms 758 ולא היה יכול למוכרה—probably to be read אַפְּרַטוֹס ἄπρατος unsaleable]. ↗ original
אַפְרוֹדִיטֵי (Ἀφροδίτη) Aphrodite, a Greek goddess (Venus). Avodah Zarah 3, 4 מרחץ של א׳ a bath where A. has a statue. the same place (ibid.) we do not say, the bath has been built נוי לא׳ וכ׳ as an ornament of A., but we say, A. is an ornamental attachment to the bath. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 8, end 38ᵇ מזלפין להדא א׳ squirting water (as a libation) to A. ↗ original
אֶפְרוֹחַbrood, young bird. Betzah 6ᵇ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 1; and frequently—Bereshith Rabbah section 37 אתמול א׳ וכ׳ yesterday a chicken, to-day an egg (lost prestige). ↗ original
אֶפְרוֹחָא —plural אֶפְרוֹחִין Targum Deuteronomy 22, 6 (variant reading אִפְרָחין); and elsewhere—אֶפְרוֹחיָּיא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᵃ ↗ original
אַפִּרְיוֹן [on a frame,] frame and hangings of a palanquin, litter of parade, especially for a bride in the wedding procession. Sotah 9, 14 (49ᵃ); Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 15, 9.—Sotah 12ᵃ הושיבה בא׳ (Pesikta Rabbati section 43 בפוריא), and elsewhere he placed her in the litter, arranged a wedding procession for her. Bamidbar Rabbah section 20, end, לישב בא׳ to take her seat in the litter (for the wedding procession); and elsewhere ↗ original
אַפִּרְיָין masculine Chaldaic (Aramaic) = Hebrew אַפִּרְיוֹן. Bava Metzia end א׳ נמטייה לר׳ שמעון edition (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) הבו ליה אפרייא לר"ל, variant reading אִיפּוּרְיָיא, איפרייא; Munich manuscript אפרין. Manuscript Hamburg אפריון, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) let a palanquin be put up for R. Sh., i.e. he deserves a triumphal procession. Cmp. פִּיפְיוֹרָא. ↗ original
אֶפְרַיִם (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Ephraim. son of Joseph, progenitor of the tribe of Ephraim. Bereshith Rabbah section 98; and frequently name of the expected Messiah, also called the Messiah, son of Joseph, in contradist., in contradist. to the Messiah of the tribe of Judah. Pesikta Rabbati section 36; 37. a disciple of R. Meïroot or radix Bava Metzia 87ᵃ; Bereshith Rabbah section 85 א׳ מקשאה E. the disputant. *E. the Scribe, a disciple of Resh Lakish. Bava Metzia end (Munich manuscript א׳ מקשאה, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). ↗ original
אַפְרִיקִי (Africa, Ἀφρική) Africa, especially Northern A., the Africa Propria or Vera of the Romans. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 3, 36ᶜ bottom of the page the Girgashite הלך לו לא׳ emigrated to Africa (Carthage). the same place (ibid.) ‘a land like your own’ (2 Kings 18, 32) זו א׳ that means A.; Vayikra Rabbah section 17; Devarim Rabbah section 5.—Sanhedrin 91ᵃ אפריקיא (correct accordingly). Tamid 32ᵃ and the following מדינת א׳; (Vayikra Rabbah section 27; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Shor p. 74ᵃ קרטיגנא, see חֹשֶׁךְ). Echah Rabbah to 1, 5. דוכוס דאפריקא Duke (military governor) of A. (Egypt etc.).—Denom. אַפְרְקִיִּים, Chaldaic (Aramaic) אַפְרִיקָאֵיAfricans (Negroes). Shabbath 31ᵃ.—Targum 2 Chronicles 21, 16. ↗ original
אַפְרִיקִי 2 (supposed to be) Phrygia, in Asia Minor. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 10, 2 (Hebrew text גֹמֶר); Bereshith Rabbah section 37, beginning; (Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᵇ bottom of the page; Yoma 10ᵃ גרממיא). [Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᶜ top; Rosh Hashanah 26ᵃ (of R. Akiba’s journeys)—perh. belonging to the preceding] ↗ original
אֲפַרְכֶסֶת (פרכס which see) [the grinder, moving to and back,] the hopper, grain-receiver on top of the millstone. Chagigah 3ᵃ; Chullin 89ᵃ עשה אזנך כאפ׳ (edition כארפ׳) make thy ear like the hopper to receive the teachings etc.; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, end, 61ᵈ נקב אזנך כאפרכס הזו perforate (make open) thy ear etc.; Pesikta Rabbati section 10 הרעישה אזנך וכ׳ shake thy ear, like a hopper, to receive etc. ↗ original
אַפַּרְסְמָא feminine = next word Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 35, 28.—Kerith. 5ᵇ. Rosh Hashanah 23ᵃ. Berachoth 43ᵃ. Avodah Zarah 28ᵇ Munich manuscript (edition אספסתא). ↗ original
אַפַּרְסָמוֹן (see פִּרְסֵם, פִּרְצֵם; compare also בלסם, בלסמון) balsamum. Yoma 38ᵇ and the following Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, 42ᶜ top; and frequently—Echah Rabbah to 4, 15 אפל׳. balsam-tree, balsam-wood. Berachoth 43ᵃ ↗ original
אַפַּרְסְקִין (πέρσικα, τὰ) peaches. Maasroth 1, 2; and frequently 5. פַּרְסֵק. ↗ original
אַפַּרְקִיד adverb (see פרקד) on the back. Berachoth 13ᵇ; Niddah 14ᵃ גני א׳ lies on his back. Bava Bathra 79ᵃ top of the page ↗ original
אַפְרַשׁ , adverb, with לְ־ (see פְּרַשׁ) for a time to be defined (in the future), indefinitely, forever (Hebrew לָנֶצַח). Targum Isaiah 57, 16; and frequently ↗ original
אַפְרָשָׁה (פָּרַשׁ) separation, setting apart for a sacred purpose, as the heave-offering (T’rumah, for the priest), or a sacrifice (Korban); also isolation on account of levitical uncleanness, or on according of sacredness. Transferred the thing set apart, offering, gift. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 1, beginning 38ᵃ; Tosefta Parah 3 (2), 1 זה (הַ)אַפְרָשָׁתוֹ בטהרה וכ׳ (Babli Yoma 8ᵇ פרישתו) the one is isolated for the purpose of purification (because of uncleanness), the other for sanctification (for the services of the Day of Atonement). Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 7, 26ᵇ bottom of the page תלוי בה׳ depends on the act of setting apart. Bava Kamma 5, 7 הַפְרָשַׁת הר סיני the isolation of Mount Sinai prescribed as preparation for the giving of the Law (Exodus 19, 13); and frequently—plural אַפְרָשׁוֹת, הַפְרָשׁוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 2, 46ᵈ top שלש א׳ three kinds of sacred gifts. crossing the Ocean; compare פָּרַשׁ. Bereshith Rabbah section 6 הפרשת וכ׳; Vayikra Rabbah section 25 פָּרָשַׁת. ↗ original
אַפְרָשׁוּ as foregoing 1). Targum Ezek. 45, 1; and frequently—plural אַפְרַשְׁוָתָא, construct state אַפְרַשְׁוַת. Targum Onkelos Numbers 18, 8; 19 (some edition אַפְרָשׁוּת singular). ↗ original
אֶפְרָתִי (perh. = Biblical Hebrew) of Ephratha, Ephrathi. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, 35ᵃ top יוסף א׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᵇ top יוסי א׳; (Bereshith Rabbah section 100 הַפְּרָתִי).—plural אֶפְרָתִים. Ruth Rabbah to 1, 2 explained פלטיאניcourtiers, noblemen.—Chaldaic אֶפְרָתִין. Targum Ruth the passage cited א׳ רבנין (in manuscript our word omitted). ↗ original
אֶפֶשׁ (אפש, √אף, compare הפץ; corresp. to Biblical Hebrew נֶפֶשׁ, see Jeremiah 15, 1) desire, pleasure; [only with personal pronoun as suffix]. Nazir 4, 5 אי אַפְשִׁי וכ׳ I will not live with an offensive woman. Kethuboth 12, 3 אי א׳ לזוז וכ׳ I cannot leave my husband’s house. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 7, 45ᵇ bottom of the page אי א׳ שיכפר וכ׳ I do not want the Day of Atonement to bring me forgiveness. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 13, beginning 13ᵇ א׳ בנישואיך I am willing to marry thee. Bamidbar Rabbah section 13 (alluding to Genesis 3, 22) אמר אדם אי א׳ said Adam, I cannot (do penitence). Said the Lord, ‘And now’,—said Adam ‘pen’, ‘by no means’, ‘I will not’. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 7, 31ᵇ bottom of the page אי א׳ אשה (read באשה). Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 8, 35ᵈ bottom of the page א׳ שתמנה (read אי א׳). Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 6, 1; and frequently Bereshith Rabbah section 38 אי אַפְשֵׁנוּ וכ׳ we desire neither him nor his divine protection. ↗ original
אֶפְשַׁר (פשר) division, space between, alternative, whence possibility; it is possible. Targum Job 14, 14; and frequently—Chullin 11ᵇ היכא דא׳ א׳ where it is possible (to ascertain facts), it is possible (we must do), but where it is impossible etc. Yevamoth 61ᵇ and the following אין דנין א׳ משאי א׳ we cannot form an analogy between a case where there is an alternative and one where there is none. Shabbath 129ᵃ לא א׳ ליה he has no means. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 7, 21ᶜ bottom of the page אי א׳ לומר you cannot say. Taanith 3ᵇ אי א׳ לעולם וכ׳ the world cannot exist without etc.; and frequently ↗ original
*אַפְתָּא 1bread. Berachoth 40ᵇ quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), probably from misreading ריפתא; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) Munich manuscript ↗ original
אַפְתָּא 2 (פתי) extension, width, whence (archit.) a chamber or wing projecting from a building (with stairs from outside), balcony-chamber. Bava Bathra 61ᵃ (explain. יציע). Chullin 92ᵃ ב"כ דתותי א׳ a synagogue named ‘under the balcony’. (bottom of the page) stole, tuber. Echah Rabbah to 1, 16, end כהדא א׳ דקרא וכ׳ like that tuber of cabbage, the larger the latter grows, the smaller gets the former. plural אַפְתֵּי, only with רַמְשָׁא, spreading of night, nightfall. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, beginning 39ᵃ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bath. 2, end, 13ᶜ. Vayikra Rabbah section 25; Koheleth Rabbah to 2, 20.—בפתי רמשא = בא׳ ר׳. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah the passage cited; Bereshith Rabbah section 78. ↗ original
*אַפְתְּקָא (פתק, compare הֶפְתֵּק) ladle with which provision is dealt out. Sanhedrin 39ᵃ מחא ביה בא׳ (Rashi באפתקיה, Munich manuscript מחייה בהפתקיה) he (the servant) warned him (Munich manuscript struck him) with his ladle; (Rashi: struck him on his neck(!), see אַפְקוֹתָא). ↗ original
אַפְתְּרִין Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Numbers 13, 21 Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see פַּתְרָן↗ original
אֶצְבַּע (Biblical Hebrew; = עצבע; עצב, finger, especially index-finger. Menachoth 11ᵃ זו א׳ with this (the fourth from the little finger) the measure of ‘a finger’ is taken; Kethuboth 5ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 68ᵈ bottom of the page; Echah Rabbah to 2, 2 (מטיפי) מקוטעי א׳ who had their finger cut off (in evidence of devotion to the cause). Yoma 1, 7 א׳ צרדה; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 1, 9 explained א׳ גדולהmiddle finger; compare Tanchuma Bo, end, explained אמצעית.—Kethuboth 71ᵃ הוא נותן א׳ וכ׳ he (the husband) puts his finger between her teeth (and must expect to be bitten), i.e. has to take the consequences of not interfering with her vow in due time. any projecting limb resembling the shape of a finger. Chullin 61ᵃ א׳ יתירה the projecting toe on a bird’s claw. Tamid 4, 3 (31ᵃ) א׳ הכבד the lobe of the liver.—Fig. (like יד) share, participle Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 4, 31ᵃ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 40ᵃ top, see אֶמְצַע.—plural אֶצְבָּעוֹת. Chagigah 15ᵃ; and frequently (mostly in the sense of finger’s length).—Pesachim 112ᵇ; Niddah 66ᵃ euphem. for membra virilia.—Dualאֶצְבְּעַיִּם, אֶצְבְּעַיִּים, Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 8, 11 גידם א׳ one whose (index) fingers were lopped (stump-like). the same place (ibid.) that whole trade of mine אינה נקנית אלא בא׳ cannot be acquired except by learning how to use the index-fingers.—Pesachim 109ᵃ, and elsewhere two finger lengths↗ original
אֶצְבְּעָא Targum Exodus 31, 18; and elsewhere—plural אֶצְבְּעָתָא. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 1, 7; and frequently Targum Psalms 8, 4 אצבעותך. Nedarim 49ᵇ באצבעתיה with his fingers. Eruvin 53ᵃ we are כי א׳ בקירא לסברא (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אוצבתא) as to reasoning like fingers on wax (hard to be impressed upon), ולשכחה וכ׳ but as to forgetfulness like fingers put in seed (leaving no trace), see בִּזְרָא; and frequently ↗ original
אֶצְבָּעִיof a finger’s length, dwarf of the smallest size. Bechoroth 45ᵇ ↗ original
אַצְוָוא , plural אַצְוָתָא, אַצְוָותָא (צוי, compare צבי a. סבב) creeper, vine. Pesachim 39ᵃ (explained חרחבינה) אצווא דדיקלא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אַצְוָותָא, Munich manuscript אסיתא, read אַסְוָתָא, R. Ḥan. אַסְוָא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note); Kethuboth 50ᵃ אַצְוָתָא. Eruvin 26ᵇ אצוותא חרזייתא דדיקלא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition דדיקלא omitted, also in Munich manuscript, compare Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) arkablin are the prickling creepers of the palm-tree; see חַרְזָא. 5. אַצְוָותָא. ↗ original
אַצְוַוחְתָּא (צוח) cry, noise. Targum Ezek. 7, 14. ↗ original
אַצְוָותָא (אצי, √אץ, compare חצב a. denominative, a. אֲסִיתָא) trough, kneading trough; also a trough-full, the quantity of bread baked at a time, batch. Targum Deuteronomy 28, 5; and elsewhere (also as plur.) Targum Exodus 7, 28; and elsewhere—Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Beshallach p. 91ᵃ כל א׳ וכ׳ the entire batch of bread. the same place (ibid.) 91ᵇ (correct according to Buber note 198; variant reading Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אָצוּ, אַסְוָותָא, see Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) Aruch Completum (Kohut) under the word). Cmp. אֲצִיצָא. 5. אַצְוָוא. ↗ original
אִצְט־ , for words not found here, see supply (understood word) אִסְט׳, אִיסְט׳ or אִיצְט׳. ↗ original
אִצְטַדְיָא (צדי) destruction. Targum Proverbs 17, 14 (Hebrew text התגלע; for אטעי the same place (ibid.) read אַטֵּישׁ, see נטש). (cacophem.) theatre, arena; prevailing version אִצְטַרְיָא which see ↗ original
אִצְטַרְיָא (סרר, compare אסטרניא, אצטרניא Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 304 a. quoted ibid.; compare אֲבֵידָן) place of debauchery, an opprobrious name for the theatres, arenas etc. of the Romans, and a phonetic perversion of theatrum, θέατρον. Avodah Zarah 1, 7 (16ᵃ) you must not build … גרדום אצטדייא וכ׳ (Munich manuscript אצטריבא, probably אצטרינא, see above; in the same place (ibid.) 18ᵇ repeatedly אצטר׳, Mishn. Nap. אצטדיא, in commentary or commentaries the same place (ibid.) אצטרדיא), explained the same place (ibid.) 16ᵇ בסיליקי של גרדום וכ׳ a building for public execution (court) or for public entertainment (amphitheatre etc.)—plural אִסְטַרְיוֹת. Sifra Aḥare 9, 13. [Menachoth 103ᵇ איסטריא של מלך royal amphitheatre(?), see אסטרטיא.] [Tanchuma Bereshith 2 אִסְטְרָטָאוֹת, variant reading אִסְטְרָאוֹתtheatres.] Avodah Zarah 18ᵇ לא הלך לאיסטרטאות Munich manuscript (edition טַרְטְיָאוֹת which see; En Yak. תרט׳). [For the version אִצְטַדְיָא see under the word] ↗ original
אִצְטָרִין [אִיצְטַדִּין, see the preceding end] feminine (properly plural of אצטרא, אסטרא, see the preceding, used as singular)same. Bava Kamma 4, 4 (39ᵃ) שור האיצטרין Munich manuscript (edition אצטדין, Manuscript Hamburg a. R. a. Mishnah Nap. אסטדין, Yerushalmi (prefix) edition איסטדין) an ox of the arena (that killed a person). Tosefta Avodah Zarah 2, 7 היושב באסטרין וכ׳ variant reading (edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) איסטרטון, edition איסטרין) he who attends the arena as a spectator is like a murderer (countenancing bloodshed); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 40ᵃ היושב באיצטדין (interchanging with תיאטרון theatrum). plural אִצְטְרִינִין etc. Avodah Zarah 18ᵇ אין הולכין לא׳ מפני ש"ד Munich manuscript (edition לאצטדינין מפני מושב לצים …, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) you must not go to the arenas on account of bloodshed (edition to theatres on account of ‘scorners’ seat’, Psalms 1, 1). the same place (ibid.) Munich manuscript repeat. אִצְטָרִינָן, compare אֲבֵידָן. Tosefta the passage cited 6 לאיצרטיונין (variant reading לצטרדיונין, לצטריונין); 7 לאיצטריונין (variant reading לטריונין, לצטריונין), compare טַרְטְיָאוֹת. ↗ original
אִצְטַרְכַיָּא (צרך) travelling necessaries, provision. Bereshith Rabbah section 60. Koheleth Rabbah to 11, 1. ↗ original
אִצְיָיא (אצי, see אַצְוָותָא) cut, depression, (agric.) bed as a measure, row.—plural אִצְיָיתָא, אִצְיָאתָא, אוּצְ׳, אִיצְ׳. Bava Bathra 12ᵃ תלת א׳ וכ׳ (Munich manuscript איצ׳, Manuscript Florence איתייתא(?)) three rows containing twelve vine-trees each; (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). the same place (ibid.) 41ᵇ he encroached on his neighbor’s ground תרתי או׳ edition (manuscripts אי׳) two bed-widths↗ original
אַצִּילthe joint which touches the rib, elbow (with or without יד). Arachin 19ᵇ עד הא׳ up to the elbow.—Plאַצִּילִים, construct state אַצִּילֵי. Zevachim 19ᵃ top כנגד א׳ וכ׳ corresponding to the elbows (where the elbow in natural position touches the body). Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 5, 42ᵇ bottom of the page; and frequently—(Chaldaic (Aramaic)) Vayikra Rabbah section 8, beginning ודין אצילים פריך some edition (read אצילֵיה) and the other has his elbow (arm) broken. ↗ original
*אֲצִיפָא (see צִיפָּא) matting used for bailing dates, compare חוֹתָל. [Oth. opin: the flesh sticking to the stone of half-ripe dates.] Gittin 89ᵃ a woman was betrothed בא׳ דתוחלא (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אצפא) with etc. (an object of no value). ↗ original
אֲצִיצָא (אצץ, compare אַצְוָותָא) a common bellied vessel. Bava Bathra 144ᵃ אפי׳ א׳ דהרסנא manuscript (edition ע׳) even a pot in which fish-hash is kept. Megillah 16ᵃ א׳ דבית הכסא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition ע׳, Oxford manuscript עסיסא) night-chamber. [Targum Esther 5, 1 ריעא עֲצוּצָא, read דְּעַ׳ … of the night-chamber.] Hebr. עָצִיץ. ↗ original
אֲצַל (√צל, see נצל) to protect, spare, exempt from taxes. Bava Bathra 55ᵃ, see אַנְדִּיסְקֵי.—[Betzah 14ᵃ אצלי, see צלי.] ↗ original
אָצֵל (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Atsel, Atsal, mentioned I Chronicles, Book of 8, 37 and the following; 9, 43 and the following Pesachim 62ᵇ בין א׳ לא׳ וכ׳ (manuscript מן א׳ …, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note, for variatio lectionis) the explanation of the repetition of I Chronicles 8, 29 to 38, and 9, 35 to 44 and the verbal discrepancies between the two records would load four hundred camels with discussion; compare Rashi to I Chronicles the passage cited ↗ original
אֵצֶלby the side of, near, with. Bava Metzia 5, 1 הרי אֶצְלִי בהן יין thou hast wine with me instead, i.e. I owe thee etc. the same place (ibid.) 85ᵇ א׳ מי אתה תקוע by whose side art thou lodged (in the world to come)?; Koheleth Rabbah to 9, 10; and frequently ↗ original
אַצְלָחוּתָא (צלח) success, prosperity. Targum Isaiah 33, 20; and elsewhere ↗ original
אֶצְעָדָהclasp or brooch for fastening dresses on going out, in Talmud knee-band; see בִּירִית. Shabbath 63ᵇ בירית זו א׳ what the Mishnah calls birith is the Biblical etsadah; modified ibid. בירית תחת א׳ וכ׳birith has the function of the etsadah (Rashi: birith around the knee serves the same purpose as etsadah on the shoulder, to save inconvenience in walking). ↗ original
*אַצְפָּא (אצף, see יְצֵף) trouble, labor. Targum Proverbs 16, 23 בכל מן דא׳ לך (Hebrew text עצב) in whatever is a trouble to thee. ↗ original
אָצַרto lock up, hoard, gather; compare גָּנַז. Bava Bathra 90ᵇ אוֹצְרֵי פירות those who store up fruit (for speculation). the same place (ibid.) אין אוֹצְרִין וכ׳; Tosefta Avodah Zarah 4 (5), 1 (אצר a. עצר used promiscuously) you must not hoard up (for speculation) such things as are necessaries of life; [correct אין א׳ דברים שיש … כגון יינות שמנים וסלתות ופירות]. the same place (ibid.) לֶאֱצוֹר (Tosefta לאַצֵּרPi'el). the same place (ibid.) לא יְאַצֵּרPi'el (Tosefta ולא יַעֲצוֹר, read לא; variant reading לא יַאֲצִיר). Bereshith Rabbah section 45 end (play on נבוכדראׄצׄרׄ) שאֲצָרָן וכ׳ he locked them up in the desert etc.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 6, end, 26ᵃ; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 6, 4; Avodah Zarah 71ᵃ אוֹצֵר (עוֹצֵר) government’s store-collector, commissary (apothecarius), or read אוֹצָר which see Pi'el פִּעֵל אִיצֵּר,Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶאֱצִיר , see above. ↗ original
אֲצַר 1 *Targum Onkelos Genesis 41, 35 וייצרון, variant reading ויוצרון, ויצרון). Bava Bathra 90ᵇ פוק אצר לי וכ׳ (probably אַצַּרPa'el) go out and buy up for me for storage etc. Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְאַצַּר,Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְאֲצַרto be stored up. Targum Isaiah 23, 18. ↗ original
אַצָּר word (the preceding) אַצַּר פיריspeculator in provision. Yoma 83ᵃ; Bava Bathra 90ᵇ ↗ original
אֲצַר 2 (the preceding) contraction(Hebrew . Bechoroth 21ᵇ א׳ חיותא contraction of the womb (and consequent destruction of the fœtus). ↗ original
אֹצְרוֹת , read אוֹצְרוֹת רוּחַ (see אוֹצָר) stores of wind, name of the cavities in the pearl-shell in which the pearls are seated, and which contain a kali; see אַשְׁלְגָא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 9, end, 12ᵇ top of the page ↗ original
אַקְהָיוּתָא (קהי) bluntness or looseness of teeth. Targum Amos 4, 6 (Hebrew text נקיון וכ׳) אקהיות שנין = perplexity. Cmp. אַקְוָוא. ↗ original
*אַקּוּבִּיטוֹן , masculine (accubitum, ἀκκούβιτον) dining couch of the Roman nobility of the imperial period in place of the older triclinium. Vayikra Rabbah section 7 מיסב על א׳ וכ׳ (Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Eth. Korb. p. 61ᵃ הקוביטין; Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 777 איק׳; the same place (ibid.) Leviticus 479 קוב׳, קנב׳; the same place (ibid.) Psalms 791 הננ׳ etc., correct accordingly; Pesikta Rabbati section 16, p. 83ᵇ edition Friedman הקובטין) reclining on his accubitum.—לחם א׳, or ריפתא (ד)א׳ bread used at the meals of the nobility, fine bread. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Genesis 40, 16 ריפתא קקבטון (read ריפתא דאקקובטון) bread of the nobles (Hebrew text חרי). Pesikta Rabbati the passage cited p. 82ᵃ (referring to לחם הפחה Nehemiah 5, 18) הקקבטין supply (understood word) לחם; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana the passage cited p. 59ᵃ קקבטון (correct accordingly). ↗ original
אַקְוָוא (קהי) what blunts or loosens the teeth, weakening; fig. (see Mechilta Bo 18, end) refutation, arguments. plural אַקְוָותָא. Yevamoth 110ᵇ יתבי וקמקוו א׳ (Rashi variant reading מקהו אַקְהָתָא) they were sitting and raising arguments. Cmp. אַקְהָיוּתָא. ↗ original
אֲקוּנְבִּי (קבב, with נ inserted; Mand. קומבא, Nöld. Mand. Gr. p. 105) cupola, arched vessel. plural אֲקוּנְבְּיָאוֹת. Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 2, 8 א׳ שבמגדלים edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading אקובנ׳, compare קובנאה) cupolas on turrets (a piece of house furniture), ornamental vases. ↗ original
אַקּוּפֵי (נקף, קף) curlings of the web, anything sticking out of the web (threads, knots etc.). Shabbath 75ᵇ האי מאן דשקיל א׳ וכ׳ whoever takes threads out of clothes on the Sabbath, is guilty of an act of finishing; see פַּטִישׁ. Cmp. אַקָּפוּתָא. ↗ original
אַקְטוֹר (actor) actor publicus, an officer who had the supervision of slaves and state property.—plural אַקְטוֹרִין. Mechilta Beshallach Parah 1; Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 230 או׳.—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 16, 5 אוֹקְטָרַיָּא. ↗ original
אִקְטִיסְפּוֹןCtesiphon, a town on the Eastern bank of the Tigris. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 10, 10 ק׳ (for Bibl. Kalneh). Yoma 10ᵃ (for Bibl. Resen) זה א׳ (manuscript זו אקטספון; variant reading קטיספון; טיספוס). Gittin 6ᵃ. Eruvin 57ᵇ אקיסט׳ (correct accordingly; Munich manuscript קטי׳; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). ↗ original
אַקְטַרְתָּא (קטר) whatever raises dense smoke when ignited, hence roots, twigs etc. Taanith 24ᵇ bottom of the page ושדייא א׳ (Munich manuscript adds. בתנורא; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) she used to throw twigs into the stove (to make people believe she was baking). ↗ original
אקי , read: אִיקִי (εἶκε) make room! Ylamdenu to Deuteronomy 11, 22 quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (see Tanchuma Ekeb, 4); compare Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 17. ↗ original
אֲקִילוֹס (variant reading עֲקִילוֹס), proper noun of a male person Akilos (probably identic with עקילס which see). Bereshith Rabbah section 1 R. Yudan relates בשם א׳. ↗ original
אַקְלִידָא (κλείς-δός) key, lock, fastening. Shabbath 89ᵇ ככא דא׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word קלד: בבא, variant reading, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 400) the tooth of the key, key-bit (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) ‘the key-gate’); Menachoth 57ᵃ; and elsewhere—Fig. א׳ דמטרא the key (to the store) of rain; א׳ דת"המ the key (to the gate) of resurrection. Sanhedrin 113ᵃ (variant reading קלידא, מפתחא; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 30).—plural אַקְלִידֵי, אַקְלִידַיָּיא. Targum I Chronicles 9, 27.—Gittin 56ᵃ; and frequently—Denom. אַקְלַד, see קְלַד. ↗ original
אַקְלִפְרִין (aquiliferi) eagle-bearers, bearers of the imperial standard. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 45 (some edition אלק׳ correct accordingly). ↗ original
אקמינון Vayikra Rabbah section 34 א׳ פרנסין, read אוקמינון, see קום. ↗ original
אֲקַן (deriv. of קני) to grow in stalks, produce stalks Gittin 30ᵃ לא צריכא דאָקוּן (variant reading דהדר ואקון) in the case before us it means that the seeds which had been despaired off produced stalks (blades) again מהו דתימא אֲקַנְתָּא מילתא וכ׳ when you might think this shooting up is something (enough to awaken new hopes of recovery), therefore etc.; Taanith 19ᵃ.—Denom. אֲקַנְתָּאgrowth of stalks; see above. ↗ original
אַקְנָיָיתָא plural, הַקְנָאָה Hebrew feminine (קני 1) giving possession, whence שְׁטָרֵי אַ׳ or שְׁטַר ה׳an agreement by which one’s landed estate is mortgaged in the form of a sale from date, independent of the loan to be consummated afterwards, so that at a certain date the creditor can claim the property, even if sold in the meantime, by referring to the priority of his purchase; deed of transfer (see Bloch Civil-Process, p. 54, notes 5 a. 6 a. quoted the same place (ibid.)). Bava Metzia 13ᵃ; 14ᵃ; 16ᵇ. Bava Bathra 172ᵃ שטרא אקניאתא (שטרי, Munich manuscript ib. a. Bava Metzia 16ᵇ אקנייתא without שטר׳).—אַקְנָיָיתָא בְּמָנֵי transfers, or sales by symbolic delivery, see מָנָא; whence Aknayatha B’mané, adaptation of the name of a Babylonian festive time and fair (compare יָרִיד). Avodah Zarah 11ᵇ Munich manuscript a. other (edition אקניתא בחנוני, variant reading אקניתיה); [compare Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 39ᶜ where our word seems to be rendered כנוני]. ↗ original
אַקְסְיוֹס (ἄξιος) worthy, adequate. Bereshith Rabbah section 46 ‘I am God Shadday’ (Genesis 17, 1) is translated by Aquila אקווס ואקנוס Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אכסיוס, אכסיוט, correct accordingly) ἄξιος and (καὶ) ἵκανος, adequate and sufficient (competent); compare ibid. דייך וכ׳ it is sufficient for thee that I am thy protector. ↗ original
אַקְפָּדָה (קפד, Hif'il) getting excited, ebullition of temper, rashness. Bamidbar Rabbah section 10; Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 1, 36ᵈ bottom of the page they make the vow of a nazir (ה׳) מתוך א׳ inconsiderately. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 4, 44ᵃ. Tosefta Gittin 7 (5), 6 (opposite ברצון). Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 1, end, 51ᶜ הקפדן, read: דָתָן …↗ original
אַקְרָא (dialect. for חַקְרָא in Yer. dial. which see; compare variatio lectionis bel.) fort, designation of various, mostly Babyl. places. Megillah 6ᵃ א׳ דתולבקני (manuscript Oxf., L., F. עקרא; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note); Kiddushin 71ᵇ, see תולבקני. [Rashi: fortified ford.] Bava Bathra 127ᵃ, Kiddushin 72ᵃ, see אַגְמָא. Bava Metzia 86ᵃ מא׳ לאגמא from Fort (Agma) to Agma (variant reading lect. see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)). Bava Bathra 73ᵇ, see הגרוניא. Makkoth 10ᵃ, see סְלִיקוֹס; and frequently [The Gr. ἄκρα, orig. summit, is a phonetic coincidence.] ↗ original
אֶקְרָאִי (קרא, קרה; Hebrew accidental, chance. Rosh Hashanah 29ᵇ בית דינא דא׳ improvized court. Sanhedrin 25ᵇ, and frequently א׳ בעלמא a mere chance. ↗ original
אַקְרוֹקְתָּא (קרקר) [croaker,] frog. Bava Bathra 73ᵇ א׳ (variant reading אקורקרתא, etc., see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 3) דהויא כי וכ׳ a frog as big as Fort Haggai, Book of (others read בי, a frog which was in Fort H.). Nedarim 41ᵃ עקרבא דיתיבא על א׳ ועברה נהרא (corrupted edition according) a scorpion sitting on a frog and crossing the river. ↗ original
אַקְרַפְטָא (κράβατος, grabatus) couch, raised upholstered seat. Moed Katan 10ᵇ למבני א׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אקרפיטא, Munich manuscript אקרפיטרא) to build up a raised seat (on a frame). [Rashi: אקרופיטאcrib.] Kiddushin 70ᵃ ליתיב מר אקר׳ sit down, Sir, on the couch; (compare אִיצְטְבָא, the Chaldaic (Aramaic) equivalent of our word). ↗ original
*ארא (Munich manuscript ניר׳; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word פלמודא: פדא or פרא) name of a fish or fish-brine; perh. אֲרָאיָא (Raia) ray or skate. Avodah Zarah 40ᵃ ↗ original
אֶרְאֵל Isaiah 33, 7, messenger, especially (in poetry) angel. plural אֶרְאֵלִים. Kethuboth 104ᵃ א׳ ומצוקים וכ׳ the Erelim (angels) and the mortals seized the holy ark (strove for the soul of R. Judah); Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᵇ top יצוקים וא׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, 35ᵃ; Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 11; 9, 10; see יָצַק, מָצַק. ↗ original
אָרַבto press into holes, to make holes; to weave; join. to look through a hole, to espy, lurk, lie in wait. Bava Kamma 44ᵇ, and elsewhere (referring to Deuteronomy 19, 11) וא׳ לו וכ׳ it says ‘And he lurks for him’ etc., that means the intention to kill that man.—Denom. ארובה, אורבא, ארבל׳, ארבא, ארבתא. ↗ original
*אֲרַב , participle אָרְבָּאlurking. Bava Metzia 101ᵇ; Bava Kamma 85ᵃ; Bava Bathra 168ᵃ thou appearest to me כאריא א׳ like a lurking lion, i.e. I have no confidence in thee. ↗ original
אַרְבָּא 1 (ארב to join, compare ארגז, תיבה) boat. Bava Metzia 101ᵇ א׳ דחמרא a boat-load of wine; and frequently—Gittin 6ᵃ; Kiddushin 72ᵃ א׳ תנייתא וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) (edition תניינא) to the second boat of the (floating) bridge; compare Kiddushin the passage cited והאידנא וכ׳ ‘and now the Persians placed the bridge higher up’. [Oth. opinion, see אֲרַבְתָּא.]—plural אַרְבֵּי. Bava Metzia 72ᵇ חיטי … וא׳ the wheat in granaries and ships. ↗ original
*אַרְבָּא 2a small silver vessel in the shape of a trough (= עֲרֵיבָה Aruch (Sefer HeArukh)) Bava Bathra 34ᵇ (Comm.: ship). ↗ original
אַרְבֵּל 1Arbel, Arbela, in Galilee, near Zepphoris. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 2ᶜ בקעת א׳ the Valley of Aruch (Sefer HeArukh); Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 69ᵇ ארכל (correct accordingly). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 6, 36ᵈ bottom of the page Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 18 coarse linen הבאין מא׳ coming from A.; and elsewhere ↗ original
אַרְבֵּל 2 (denomin. of next word, see עַרְבֵּל) to sift, shake. Bava Metzia 26ᵇ דאייתי ארבלא ומְאַרְבֵּל Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (Manuscript Rome 2 מארביל, edition וקא מַרְבֵּל = מארבל) that he brought a sieve and sifted the sand. Sanhedrin 39ᵃ וקמרבלינהו Munich manuscript (edition Soncino וקא מא׳ להו, other edition מהדר להו) and shook them. Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִירְבֵּל (= איתארבל) to be shaken. Chullin 49ᵃ מירבל הוא דרְבִיל it was shaken down (by the movements of the animal). [Targum עַרְבֵּל.] ↗ original
אַרְבְּלָא (ארב, compare אֲרוּבָּה) net work, sieve. Bava Metzia 26ᵇ; Sanhedrin 39ᵃ, see the preceding—Makkoth 20ᵇ בארבילא (Munich manuscript בארבי); Sanhedrin 89ᵇ אכיל תמרא בא׳ ate dates out of the sieve, i.e. did a harmless thing.—Targum Amos 9, 9 ערבלא.—5. עַרְבְּלָאִין. ↗ original
אַרְבֵּלִי (אַרְבֵּל 1) a native or resident of Arbel, Arbelite. Avoth 1, 6.—plural אַרְבֵּלִיִּין. Bereshith Rabbah section 19, beginning; compare Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 18.—[Tosefta Parah 12 (11), 16 כוש הא׳, see next word]—Fem. אַרְבֵּלִית. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 7, 20ᵃ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 1, 17ᵇ; 9, 24ᵇ bottom of the page סאה א׳ one S’ah of Arbelite wheat. [the same place (ibid.) 4, end, 19ᵈ top רבי מר עוקבא הורה בארבליArbeli, supposed to be a place in Babylon. The entire sentence is spurious both from Mar Ukba’s title of Rabbi as well as from comparison with Kethuboth 60ᵇ.] ↗ original
אָרְבָּן (ארב 1) coarse weft, opposite to פשתין fine flax woof. Parah 12, 8 כוש של א׳ (variant reading רוֹבָן) the spindle used for spinning coarse material; [Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 12 (11) 16 כוש הארבלי the spindle used at Arbel; compare Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 18 under the word אַרְבֵּל I]. ↗ original
אַרְבָּעָה 1 , אַרְבַּע feminine (Biblical Hebrew) four (frequently represented by ד׳). Chagigah 14ᵇ א׳ נכנסו וכ׳ four men entered into theosophical speculation; and frequently—Constr. אַרְבַּעַת followed by singul. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 2ᶜ אַרְבַּעַת מיל = אַרְבָּעָה מילין; Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 3, beginning 40ᵇ; (compare Bereshith Rabbah section 50).—plural אַרְבָּעִים (מ׳) forty. Shabbath 7, 2 א׳ חסר אחת thirty nine.—Makkoth 1, 1, and frequently לוקה א׳ receives forty (thirty nine) lashes; see the same place (ibid.) 3, 10. ↗ original
אַרְבְּעָה Targum Onkelos Genesis 14, 9; and frequently—Constr. a) אַרְבְּעַת Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) ibid.—b) אַרְבְּעֵי, אַרְבַּעְתֵּי Shabbath 73ᵃ (omitting the object numbered); and frequently—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Numbers 2, 3; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 5, 46ᵈ top ארבעתי דינרייא four denars—אַרְבַּעְתָּא, אַרְבְּעִיתָא masculine the fourth (day of the week). Bereshith Rabbah section 11; Pesikta Rabbati section 23, beginning Ibid. p. 120ᵃ edition Friedman ארבעיא, edition Prag ארבעיתא. Ibid. p. 115ᵇ באַרְבַּעְתָּה on Wednesday.—plural אַרְבְּעִיןforty. Targum Genesis 5, 13; and frequently—Sanhedrin 26ᵇ א׳ בכתפיה forty (lashes) rest on his shoulders, i.e. he is punishable (see the preceding); and frequently—אַרְבֵּיסַר, אַרְבַּעְסְרֵי, אַרְבַּע סְרֵיfourteen, fourteenth. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 14, 5 בּירְבֵּיסְרֵי; and frequently Megillah 2ᵇ בא׳ on the fourteenth of Adar. Shabbath 98ᵇ.—אַרְבֵּסְרָאָה the fourteenth. Targum I Chronicles 24, 13. ↗ original
*אַרְבָּעָה 2 (רבע) couching. Targum Isaiah 7, 25; 65, 10 בית א׳ (variant reading אַרְבְּעָא, רִבּוּעָא) couching place (for animals). ↗ original
אֲרַבְתָּא (ארב, Hebrew , Biblical Hebrew עֲרָבִים plural) [the thickly interwoven,] willow. Pesachim 111ᵇ טולא דא׳ Munich manuscript, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage); edition עֲ׳) the shade of a willow-tree.—plural אַרְבָּתָא. Shabbath 20ᵇ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אַרְבָּאתָא; manuscripts עַ׳). [Gittin 6ᵃ; Kiddushin 72ᵃ ארבא וכ׳ the second willow after crossing the bridge; see, however, אַרְבָּא I.] 5. עַרְבָא I, 2 a. עֲרַבְתָּא. ↗ original
אָרָג , construct state אֲרַג masculine (see רגג, Hebrew ערג) something desirable … שפר א׳ the choicest of … Targum Psalms 45, 14. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 45, 18. ↗ original
אָרַג , see ארב; compare חרג) to plait, braid, weave. Shabbath 7, 2 האוֹרֵג he who weaves on the Sabbath; and frequently—Metaph. (compare טרי) to argue, conclude, spin out, deduct etc. Ruth Rabbah, Parah 2, beginning (play on or’gim 2 Samuel 21, 19) they brought a subject up והוא אוֹרְגָהּ and he carried it to a conclusive decision. the same place (ibid.) שהיו אוֹרְגִין עמו they argued with him.—Bamidbar Rabbah section 4 (play on argaman, purple) שהוא היה אׄורׄגׄ … מׄןׄ וכ׳ for it (the purple-covered altar) argued Israel free from sin (pleaded in his behalf). Bamidbar Rabbah section 12 (same play on the word) והוא אורג וכ׳ and He wove (planned) the world so that all creatures should come forth each according to its kind. the same place (ibid.) א׳ מַן the Sun weaves (ripens) food. Nif'al נִפְעַל נֶאֱרַגto be woven. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 11, end, 48ᵇ. Shemoth Rabbah section 50; and frequently *. אִירֵג , participle מְאָרֵג (compare עֲרוּגָה) to follow the grooves of the garden bed, to range, especially to select the green and tender onions (see חָלַק Hif'il). Tosefta Peah 1, 9 המארג, quoted in Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 3, 17ᶜ top המירוג (correct accordingly; see מֵירוּג) a. explained ibid. המחליק וכ׳ he who takes out the green onions for sale and leaves the others to ripen for storage. ↗ original
אֲרַג Sanhedrin 48ᵇ וא׳ בגד וכ׳ and where they weave a garment (directly) for a corpse. ↗ original
אַרְגָּז root or radix ארג with format. ז; compare אַרְבָּא) box, chest (joined with tenons etc.). Bamidbar Rabbah section 4; Horayoth 12ᵃ; and elsewhere—Sanhedrin 46ᵇ kabor (to bury, cover) might mean only דעבד א׳ וכ׳ Manuscript Florence a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (variant reading ארזג, edition ארון) one makes a chest and puts the corpse in. [Pr. n. plural see אַרְגִּיזָא.] ↗ original
אַרְגָּזוּתָא feminine same. Targum I Kings 21, 22; 15, 30. ↗ original
אֶרְגָּטִיס (ἐργάτης) working man, common laborer. Ylamdenu Koraḥ (quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh)) ועשה אותו א׳ (read אותי) and made me (Korah) a working man (Numbers 7, 9); Tanchuma edition Buber edition Korah, p. 96 אור׳. ↗ original
אַרְגִּיזArgiz, Argiza (ארזק Schrader KGF 228; Eragiza, Ptol. 5, 15, 14; modern Razek, Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word). Shabbath 19ᵇ; Eruvin 63ᵃ חדתא דא׳ Munich manuscript a. other (see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) notes, edition חרתא) Ḥadta (Newtown) [Ḥarta] near Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) [Rashi: Argiz, proper noun of a male person the builder of the town.] Gittin 7ᵃ ארגיזה, בי א׳. Zevachim 18ᵇ ארגיזא (Munich manuscript אגוזיא, Manuscript Rome ארגיסיא, ארגזיא, Manuscript Karlsruhe ארגיזיא; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)). ↗ original
ארגינטין , read אֲרוֹגְנַוְטִין, אֲרוֹגְנַוְטֵיס which see ↗ original
אֶרְגַּלְיָא (ἐργαλεῖα, τὰ) tools, implements. Shemoth Rabbah section 40, beginning Vayikra Rabbah section 23; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 4, 54ᶜ top; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 8 היא וכל א׳ וכ׳ itself (the brick) and all the implements for making it. [Ylamdenu B’haaloth., quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) כלי א׳ implements of a ship.] ↗ original
אַרְגָּמָן (Biblical Hebrew); purple-dye, purple garment. Shabbath 90ᵃ. Kelim 27, 12; and frequently; compare אַרְגְּוָון. ↗ original
אַרְגֶּנְטָרְיָא (ἀργενταρία, argentarium) silver-case, plate, table service (of silver or gold). Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Baḥod. p. 106ᵇ ארגנטין Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) variant reading (ארגנטרין edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth); edition אנגיטירין); Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 271 ארגניטין (compare versions ibid. a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) under the word, in order to arrive at a correct reading of the whole passage). Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 8, 21ᵇ אגנטין, ארגנטורין (correct accordingly). Esther Rabbah to 1, 4 ארגוטדיא, ארגנאטרייא (correct accordingly). ↗ original
אַרְגֶּסְטֵיס (ἀργέστης) the brightening, epithet of various winds (compare אִסְתָּן); West-North-West, West-South-West. Bamidbar Rabbah section 13 אני מביא רוח א׳ וכ׳ I shall cause to pass over the world an argestes in which both winds (the Northern and the Southern) shall do service; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 16 ארג׳; Vayikra Rabbah section 9 ארגסטס; Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) variant reading אגרסטיס. ↗ original
ארד Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 2, 18ᵃ top, read אָרַר which see ↗ original
אַרְדָּא 1 (Syriac (Peshitta) ערדא, see Löw Low, Aramaische Pflanzennamen, Leipzig 1881 p. 303) mushroom, morel. Kethuboth 61ᵃ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אַרְדֵּי plural)—plural אַרְדַּיָּא, אַרְדֵּי. Pesachim 119ᵇ ארדיא לי Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אַרְדְּלַיָּיא, אַרְדִּילַיָּא, אוּרְדִּילָאֵי, manuscript אַרְדִּילֵי, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note); Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 10, end, 37ᵈ ערדילו (read עַרְדִּילֵי or עַרְדֵּי לִי). Berachoth 47ᵃ ארדיא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition a. manuscript אַרְדִּילַיָּא). Avodah Zarah 38ᵃ ארדי. ↗ original
*אַרְדָּא 2 prefix of Persian proper nouns, Arda.—Gittin 14ᵇ their names are bewildering א׳ וארטא … בריש beginning with Arda-, and Arta-, and Phile-. ↗ original
אַרְדַּב (ἀρτάβη, Syriac (Peshitta) ארדבא, ארטבא) Artaba, a Persian and Egyptian dry measure (see Zuckermann Talmudische Munzen und Gewichte, Breslau 1862 Jüd. Masse p. 47; Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word). Bava Metzia 80ᵇ א׳ לעריבה Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אדריב) an Artaba is an unreasonable additional load for a small boat called Arebah. Eruvin 102ᵃ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אדריבא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 20). ↗ original
אַרְדִּיכָל ; Chaldaic (Aramaic) form אַרְדִּיכְלָא (אדר׳) masculine (probably from a place or country, compare אַרְגּוּבְלָא) artist, artisan (see Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 370 under the word, a. derivat.) especially architect, key-stone-setter. Bava Metzia 118ᵇ בנאי … לא׳ (edition אדרי׳) when the builder has handed the key-stone over to the architect (to set it). Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 10, end, 12ᶜ ארדכל. Bereshith Rabbah section 8 אר׳; the same place (ibid.) section 27 אד׳.—plural ארְדִּיכְלִין. Targum 2 Samuel 5, 11 (Hebrew text חרשי אבן קיר); and elsewhere—Eruvin 26ᵃ אַרְדַּ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (Munich manuscript דאַרְדַּכְלֵי; edition אדר׳).—אַרְדִּיכְלַיָּא Targum Psalms 118, 22; and elsewhere ↗ original
אַרְדַּקְסַסArtaxata, or Artaxiata, capital of Great Armenia. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 3, beginning 20ᶜ. Babylonian Eruvin 29ᵃ עַרְדִּיסְקָא edition (Munich manuscript עַרְדַסְקִיס, variant reading ערדסקוס, ערדיקס, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 9 (6), 4 ערדסקס, (variant reading ערדסקוס, ערדסקין). ↗ original
אֲרוּבָּהopening, whence an aperture in the roof looking to the ground floor (answering to the Greek hypaithron, Roman compluvium), contradistinguished frequently חַלֹּון a garret window in the wall projecting above the flat roof. Betzah 5, 1 (35ᵇ); compare Rashi ad loc. (on the passage) Niddah 20ᵇ כסומא בא׳ like a blind man finding his way down from the ărubbah, i.e. hitting the truth by chance. Oholoth 10, 1; and frequently—plural אֲרוּבֹּות. the same place (ibid.) 4 and the following; and elsewhere the opening panel of folding doors.—plural as above. Yoma 76ᵃ. [Shabbath 43ᵃ; 153ᵇ; Kelim 15, 2 read with Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אֲרוּכוֹת.] ↗ original
אֲרוּגָּה (ארג) web, matting. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 1, end, 52ᶜ א׳ טמאה a mat (of twigs etc. for covering the festive booth) that became unclean. ↗ original
*אַרְוִיסָא (a transpos. of אַפְסִירָא, אַפְסָרָא) halter (Rashi). [Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) chain, Perl. Et. St. p. 21 = Pers. arvîs rope.] Yevamoth 46ᵃ רמו ליה ארוו׳ וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) (edition ארוי׳, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition ארוסיה) they put a halter around his neck (to prevent him from claiming his liberty). ↗ original
אָרוּךְ (ארך) long, tall, lasting; see below. see below. (= עָרוּךְ; compare אֲרִיךְ) well-arranged, well-balanced, thinker, a title of prominent scholars; compare אַרְיוֹךְ a. אֲרִיכָא. [In legend intellectual eminence was identified with physical tallness.] Niddah 24ᵇ א׳ בדורו arukh (the tallest) in his generation. Kiddushin 39ᵇ עולם שכולו א׳ the world in which all is well-balanced (also called שכולו טוב) i.e. the hereafter.—pluralאֲרוּכִים. Yoma 71ᵃ חיים א׳ long life; and frequently—Fem. אֲרוּכָה. Berachoth 1, 4 אחת א׳ one lengthy (benediction); and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Horayoth 2, 46ᵈ בא׳ by the long road, slowly; Shevuoth 18ᵃ; 18ᵇ.—plural אֲרוּכוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᶜ top, and elsewhere א׳ וקצרות long and short roads, i.e. in all directions. 5. next article↗ original
אֲרוּכָה 1 fem. of אָרוּךְ. (noun) long board, longside of bedstead, bedside. Sukkah 15ᵇ א׳ ושתי כרעים the long bedside with its two knees (supporters); 16ᵃ.—plural אֲרוּכוֹת. the same place (ibid.) 1, 8 (variant reading ארובות, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim the same place (ibid.) ad 15ᵃ, note 1); Shabbath 43ᵃ; the same place (ibid.) 23, 5 (151ᵇ) א׳ המטה (some edition ארובות, correct accordingly).—[Kelim 15, 2 א׳ של נחתומים Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) variant reading the long ranging boards used by the bakers: Maimonides; the prevailing versions are אֲרוּבֹּות or אֲרֵיבוֹת; Tosefta Bava Metzia 5, 4 ארובות, (variant reading ארונות) basins or moulds in which loaves or cakes are shaped.—variant reading Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) עֲרִיכוֹת.] ↗ original
אֲרוּכָה 2 , see Ges. H. Dictionary under the word) the web of new flesh or skin on a healing wound, healing. העלה א׳to produce a new cover, be restored. Chullin 77ᵃ; 125ᵃ; Bava Kamma 91ᵇ ↗ original
אָרוֹן common gender (Biblical Hebrew; [joined together,] chest, box, coffin, frequently (= אֲרוֹן הַקּוֹדֶשׁ) the Holy Ark, in the tabernacle and the Temple, or in Synagogues. Yoma 5, 1 הגיע לא׳ reached the place where the Ark stood during the First Temple. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 8ᶜ top; Bereshith Rabbah section 55 (allegorical etymologies).—Kethuboth 104ᵃ א׳ הקודש (figuratively) a good and learned man’s soul; see אֶרְאֵל.—Kelim 12, 5 א׳ של גרוסות the grits-dealer’s chest. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, 32ᵇ top; Bereshith Rabbah section 100 אֲרוֹנִי נקובה (נקופה) וכ׳ ותהא let my coffin be perforated at the bottom. Sanhedrin 98ᵇ אין לך כל א׳ וא׳ וכ׳ there is no coffin in Palestine in which the Median horses do not eat straw (being used as cribs); and frequently—plural אֲרוֹנוֹת. Sotah 13ᵃ; and frequently [Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 6, 30ᵈ bottom of the page וארון, see אֲרִי I.] ↗ original
אֲרוֹנָא Targum Exodus 25, 10; and frequently Targum Genesis 50, 26 (coffin).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 3, 73ᵈ bottom of the page the curtain על א׳ כא׳ over the ark containing the scrolls is as sacred as the ark itself. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᶜ bottom of the page אֲרוֹנֵיה נפקא his coffin was carried out for burial. ↗ original
*אֲרוֹנֵי (probably plural of ארונא, so called from closing and opening like chests) name of certain plants growing in marshes and closing their leaves at nightfall. Shabbath 35ᵇ בדברא עורבי באגמא חזו אדני Munich manuscript (edition עורבי א"נ אדאני …; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage), Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) הרני, variant reading ארוני, Rashi edition Soncino, Asheri a. R. Niss. early edition אראני) in the desert you recognize the entrance of the Sabbath (on a cloudy day) by the ravens, in marsh-land you look out for aroné↗ original
אֵרוּסִין (אָרַס) betrothal, preliminary act of marriage, answering to the Roman sponsalia; promise in marriage, disting. frequently נישואין, or כניסה, marriage proper, the latter consisting in conducting the bride to the groom’s permanent (or improvised) home. [The betrothal carries with it almost all the legal consequences of marriage, excepting some modifications mostly of a civil (pecuniary) character, and is, according to Talmudic usage, preceded by a benediction (בִּרְכַת א׳), while the act itself is performed by the bride-groom (or his mandatary) delivering into the hands of the bride (or her mandatary, or her father, if she be a minor) an object representing any value not below the smallest coin (P’rutah), whereby the purpose of the delivery is stated and assented to by acceptance.] Kethuboth 1, 2 אלמנה מן הא׳ a widow whose betrothed died before marriage proper. the same place (ibid.) 5, 1; and frequently Yevamoth 43ᵃ, and frequently סעודת א׳ the repast following the betrothal.—Metaph. of the relation between Israel and God, covenant. Shemoth Rabbah section 15, end; and elsewhere ↗ original
*ארז (√אר, see ארר; compare חרז) to penetrate deeply, to take deep root. to be prickly, dry, hard. Shabbath 155ᵃ זירין דאַרְזֵי Zirin are called bundles of twigs which are hard. the same place (ibid.) כיפין דא׳; [other opinion, see אַרְזָא]. Denom. אוּרְזָא, אָרוּזָא, a. next words↗ original
אֶרֶז (Biblical Hebrew) cedar. Tamid 3, 5 של א׳ of cedar wood.—plural אֲרָזִים. Rosh Hashanah 23ᵃ; Taanith 25ᵇ; and elsewhere—Metaph. prominent men, scholars. Shabbath 118ᵇ I planted חמשה א׳ five cedars (begot five sons who acquired renown). Moed Katan 25ᵇ, see אֵזוֹב. ↗ original
אַרְזָאsame. Targum Leviticus 14, 4; and elsewhere—Avodah Zarah 14ᵃ. Rosh Hashanah 23ᵃ; and elsewhere—plural אַרְזִין, אַרְזַיָּא, אַרְזֵי. Targum Numbers 24, 6; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, 42ᶜ top of the page Shabbath 157ᵃ.—the same place (ibid.) 155ᵃ זירין דא׳ (manuscript זירין סוכי דא׳Zirin means twigs of cedars (Rashi דארזא); [other opinion see ארז]. proper noun of a place תֵּל א׳Tel Arza (Cedar-Hill), in Palestine, scene of massacres during the Bar Kokhba war. (Cedar-Hill), in Palestine, scene of massacres during the Bar Kokhba war. Yevamoth 16, 7. proper noun of a male person Arza. Tamid 7, 3 בן א׳: Shekalim 5, 1 ארזה; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 2, 14. ↗ original
אַרְזְבוֹנִית (compare אַרְזוֹבָא) arz’bonith, a species of locusts; compare עַרְצוּבְיָא a. כַּרְזוּבָּא. Sifra Sh’mini Parah 3, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 5; Chullin 65ᵃ הרזבנית. ↗ original
אַרְזְלָא (diminutive of עֶרֶס, עַרְסָא) cradle, hammock for watchmen in gardens. Targum Isaiah 1, 8; 24, 20 (Hebrew מלונה).—Eruvin 25ᵇ דעבידא כי אר׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אור׳; Rashi ארזי׳; Tosafoth ערס׳) the roof of the shed has the shape of a cradle, i. e both sides slanting towards the centre. ↗ original
אַרְזְנָאֵי (see ארזוניא Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 374, compare פרשניא Neubauer Geographie du Talmud, Paris 1868 p. 396) of Arzania. Taanith 24ᵇ ארבי דא׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition דחיטין דפרזינא; Munich manuscript דפרזינאי) ships of the Arzanians. Fem. *אַרְזַנְיָיתָא. Git. 70ᵃ חיטין א׳ Arzanian wheat (of a large size). ↗ original
אַרְזַפְתָּא 2 (see זַיִף, a. אַרְדַּפְנֵי = הַרְדַּ׳; compare Löw, Low, Aramaische Pflanzennamen, Leipzig 1881 p. 320) hypericum (barbatum), St. John’s wort, a plant said to be fatal to cattle. Bava Kamma 47ᵇ באר׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. Manuscript Hamburg (variant reading הרזיפא, see Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) Aruch (Sefer HeArukh); edition אפר׳) under ‘poison’ is meant arzafta which may also be called peré (fruit, produces of the earth). Bava Bathra 20ᵃ אר׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (manuscript אר׳, changed into אפ׳ as edition). Cmp. הַרְזִיפּוּ. ↗ original
אָרַח , see ארר) to go through; see אָרִיחַ. to go outside, to travel. participle אוֹרֵחַ which see—Denom. אוֹרַחpathPi'el פִּעֵל אֵרַח (Denom. of אוֹרֵחַ) to receive a guest, to lodge. Berachoth 63ᵇ המְאָרֵחַ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 39ᶜ bottom of the page לאָרְחוֹ. Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְאָרֵחַ, נִתְאָרֵחַto be received, be the guest of. Shabbath 13ᵇ and frequently Yerushalmi (prefix) Challah 4, 60ᵃ מִתְאָ׳. ↗ original
אֲרַח , especially to take lodging. Targum Judges 19, 17. [ארח, ארחא Yoma 82ᵇ, and elsewhere, Af'el of רִיחַ.] Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְאֲרַח , contracted אִתְרַחto dwell as a stranger, sojourn. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 1, 6; see אְחַר. ↗ original
אָרְחָא (the preceding) traveler, guest. Targum 2 Samuel 12, 4.—[Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 2ᵈ top לא הוה ארחא אתיא וכ׳, other edition ארתא, read שַׁחְרָא with other edition].—plural אָרְחִין, אוֹרְחִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 8, end, 21ᵇ, (read as) Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 5, end, 49ᵇ הוה ליה א׳ he had guests. [אָרְחָא path, see אוֹרְחָא.] ↗ original
אַרְטָא prefix of Pers. proper nouns, Arta-. Gittin 14ᵇ, see אַרְדָּא 2. ↗ original
ארטבון Yoma 11ᵃ; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 844; Samuel 124—perh. a corruption of טְרִיבּוּן (a Jewish) tribunus; compare ארטיגוס. [Or proper noun?] ↗ original
ארטבלאי Targum Esther 8, 10 Levita, see ערְטִילֵי↗ original
אַרְטְבַןArtaban (4), the last Parthian king, friend of R. Judah han-Nasi. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 1, 15ᵈ bottom of the page; Bereshith Rabbah section 35; Yalkut Shimoni Deuteronomy 844; Proverbs 934.—5. אדרכן. ↗ original
אַרְטְבַנְיָאArtabania (named after Artaban, see the preceding), near Pumbeditha. Eruvin 51ᵇ (variant reading lect., see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)). ↗ original
*ארטסיס , Shemoth Rabbah section 13 וא׳ נכנס, read: ואין רוטב נכנס בתוכה but no juice enters into it, כך נעשה לבו של פרעה ולא היה מקבל וכ׳ so was Pharaoh’s heart made and it received not etc.; see Terumoth 10, 11. ↗ original
אַרְטְקָפָא (ἀρτόκοπος) baker, בית א׳bakery. Midrash Samuel Chaldaic (Aramaic) 19 בית א׳ שלו (variant reading ארתוקופיון which see) a rendition of beth hallaḥmi, I Samuel 16, to his (Jesse’s) bakery, שהוא בא וכ׳ (read with Yalkut Shimoni Samuel 124 והוא יבוא וכ׳) and he (Jesse) shall come out (to the bakery) from Bethlehem (to meet Samuel there). Yalkut Shimoni the passage cited ארנקפאן, ארכ׳ (correct accordingly). ↗ original
אֲרֵי (see next word; compare אֲרוּ) properly behold, in most cases corresponding to Biblical Hebrew כִּי, that, so that, because, if; but. Targum Onkelos ארי; Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) ארום; very frequently ↗ original
אֲרִי 1 (√אר, compare ירי) properly to point, throw, hence (in a logical sense) to argue, question, discuss, treat. Bava Kamma 30ᵇ מדקא ארינן גלל Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition איירינן, see below) since we pointed out the law about the dung placed in the street as an argument against Rab. Kethuboth 16ᵃ, and frequently ודקארי לה מאי קארי לה and he who raised the question, how could he raise it at all, i.e. the answer being so obvious, what must have been the impression he labored under, that he could ask such a question, or raise such an argument?—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 6, 30ᵈ bottom of the page ואין קמו יתמי ואָרוּן if the heirs should rise and raise objections (go to law). Af'el הִפְעִיל אַיְירִיsame. Nedarim 2ᵇ איירי בהון he does treat thereof.—Pesachim 6ᵇ, and frequently איידי דאיירי ב־ incidentally of treating the question of … Kerith. 14ᵃ, and frequently (באבר אחד) קא מַיְירֵי the argument is up (about one limb). Bava Kamma 30ᵇ כי איירינן when we raised the objection (taking our argument from ‘the dung’, see above), it was before R. N. had given his opinion; and frequently—Deriv. אִרְיָא. ↗ original
ארי , see ארר) [to create a gap,] to pluck, especially figs. Shevi'ith 1, 2 הָאוֹרֶה וכ׳ the gatherer and his basket. Bava Metzia 89ᵇ day laborers שהיו אוֹרִין בתאנים Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition עודר׳; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 300) engaged in picking figs. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 5, 15ᵃ bottom of the page; and frequently—Bamidbar Rabbah section 20 Tanchuma Bal. 4 (homiletic etymology of arah, Numbers 22, 6). ↗ original
אֲרִי 2 , see the preceding) [the light-colored] lion. Bava Kamma 16ᵇ א׳ תרבות a tamed lion; and frequently—Transf. brave man; distinguished scholar (opposite שועל). Yevamoth 122ᵇ. Kiddushin 48ᵇ; Sanhedrin 8ᵇ. Gittin 83ᵇ; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 9, 50ᵃ אין משיבין את הא׳ וכ׳ you must not argue against a lion (scholar) after he is dead. Bava Kamma 117ᵃ; and frequently—plural אֲרָיוֹת.—זנב לא׳ a tail to lions, i.e. the least among the great (opposite head to foxes). Avoth 4, 15; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 4, 22ᵇ bottom of the page—Chullin 3ᵇ, and frequently גירי א׳, see גֵּר.—[Bereshith Rabbah section 28 א׳ גסטריות, see גַּסְטְרָא.] Leo, Lion the fifth sign of the Zodiac (corresp. to the month of Ab). Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 418. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Dibré p. 116ᵃ; Pesikta Rabbati section 27 (28, p. 133ᵇ, edition Friedman); see אֲרִיאֵל. homiletic surname of the Lord, Israel etc. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana the passage cited; Pesikta Rabbati the passage cited; Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 259, see אֲרִיאֵל. ↗ original
אֲרִי Targum Numbers 24, 9; and frequently—Bava Metzia 101ᵇ, and elsewhere, see אֲרב. Nedarim 62ᵇ לאברוחי א׳ to drive the lion off, i.e. to get rid of the tax-collector.—Shevuoth 22ᵇ, and frequently א׳ הוא דרביע עלה a lion lies on it, i.e. it is unavailable because it is forbidden.—Avodah Zarah 31ᵇ, and elsewhere בר א׳ son of a lion (of a great man).—Chullin 59ᵇ the tiger is א׳ דבי עילאי the lion of the forest of Ilai (see Schorr He-Ḥaluts 7, 32; compare Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) Angelol. p. 103).—plural אַרְיָוָתָא, אַרְיָוָן. Targum I Chronicles, Book of 11, 22; and frequently— Echah Rabbah to 1, 9) א׳ דאורייתא the lions of the Law (scholars). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 9, 39ᵃ top of the page Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, 4ᵃ top מעלי רישא בין א׳ to put one’s head between lions, i.e. to argue against the opinions of great men. [Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 771 גבתא דא׳, see אֲרִיחַ.] ↗ original
אִרְיָא (אֲרִי, אֲרָא) pointing at, argument, topic, subject. Kerith. 3ᵇ גבי כריתות דאי׳ וכ׳ in speaking of K’rithoth, where this (the punishment of extinction) is the subject proper, I may say, the general term of Sabbath etc. is introduced (relying on those places in the Mishnah where the respective laws are treated in detail). Yoma 74ᵃ, and frequently אי משום הא לא א׳ were it only for this, there would be no argument (no difficulty). Kerith. 18ᵃ, and frequently מאי א׳ כי וכ׳ why is the argument brought up only on the presumption (that he has eaten? Supposed, he had not eaten, would not the same argument hold good?). Shabbath 101ᵃ, and frequently מידי א׳ is this an argument (i.e. how can you compare two cases so unlike each other)? ↗ original
אֲרִיאֵל (Biblical Hebrew) Ariël, Divine Light (compare Psalms 118, 27, see אֲרִי 2); poetic surname of the Temple and Jerusalem. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Dibré p. 116ᵃ. Pesikta Rabbati section 27 (28, p. 133ᵇ, edition Friedman) הבית שנקרא אריה (read אריאל) the Temple which is called Ariël (Isaiah 29, 1). the same place (ibid.) ישראל שנקרא אריאל (read אריה); בחדש שנקרא אריאל (read אריה); דבריו של אריאל (read אריה; Numbers 23, 24; Amos 3, 8); see אַרְיֵה. ↗ original
אָרִיג (ארג) something woven, web. Shabbath 13, 1; and frequently Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, end, 83ᵈ, what is meant by אִיחוּי? Ans. כאריג when it looks as if woven. Megillah 26ᵇ, and elsewhere טווי לא׳ spinning the flax so as to prepare it for weaving (indirect preparation or designation); Sanhedrin 48ᵃ טווי לאֲרִיגָה, (Rashi לאריג). ↗ original
אֲרִיגָה (see the preceding) weaving. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 3, 40ᶜ bottom of the page אֲרִיגָתָן בקודש their weaving must take place within the sanctuary. Sanhedrin 48ᵃ, see the preceding↗ original
אַרְיֵה , see אֲרִי.—אריה Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 28ᵈ, see אֲרִיחַ. ↗ original
אַרְיוֹךְ (Genesis 14, 1) Aryokh, homiletic surname of Nebuzraddan. Echah Rabbah to 5, 5 (allusion to ארי). (compare Daniel 2, 14) Aryokh, a title of Samuel, the contemporary of Rab. Shabbath 53ᵃ. Kiddushin 39ᵃ. Menachoth 38ᵇ. Chullin 76ᵇ (probably a Persian adaptation for judge). ↗ original
אָרִיחַ (ארח) bond-timber, also small bricks, which are placed at intervals between the rows of bricks (see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Paries 2); lath (of half the width of a brick). Eruvin 1, 3; Bava Bathra 3ᵇ; and elsewhere—plural אָרִיחִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 1, 19ᵃ top ארחין (correct accordingly). ariaḥ, a term used in rules for writing certain passages of Holy Scriptures metrically arranged, the short space filled out with writing, opposite לבנה (brick, the larger space); see R. Niss. to Megillah 16ᵇ; [Rashi: א׳ the writing, לבנהthe blank). Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 3, 74ᵇ bottom of the page; Babylonian the same place (ibid.) the passage cited; Treatise Sof’rim 12, 10 א׳ ע"ג ל׳ וכ׳ small brick (lath) above brick, and brick above small brick (lath); e.g. (Exodus Chaldaic (Aramaic) 15)ויאמרו לאמר אשירה לד׳ כי גאה גאה סוסורכבו רמה בים עזי וזמרת יה ויהי ליthe same place (ibid.) א׳ ע׳'ג א׳ וכ׳ small brick (lath) above small brick and brick above brick; e.g. (Esther 9, 7 and the following)פרשנדתא ואתדלפון ואת↗ original
אֲרִיחַĂriaḥ; [Tarichæa, South of Tiberias, Neubauer Geographie du Talmud, Paris 1868 p. 21ᵇ]. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 10, 28ᵈ גופתה א׳; Sifré Numbers 131 גובתא דא׳; Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 771 דאריא (Yerushalmi (prefix) the passage cited edition Zyt. אריה) Gufta in the district of Ariaḥ. Tosefta Kilayim 1, 3; Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 1, 27ᵃ bottom of the page תחום א׳ district of A. ↗ original
אָרִיחָא (= Hebrew אָרִיחַ) lath, bar, pole. Targum Numbers 13, 23; and elsewhere (Hebrew מוֹט). Betzah 32ᵇ נפל לה ארי׳ בתנורא edition (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) ארחא) a binder of the brick wall fell into the stove. Shabbath 129ᵃ a house דשב לביניא וא׳ the width of whose walls was seven bricks and a half; and elsewhere—plural אָרִיחַיָּא, אֲרִיחִין, אַרְחֵי, אַרְחִין. Targum Exodus 25, 27; and elsewhere (Hebrew בַּדִּים). Bava Bathra 3ᵃ כפיסין ארחי K’fissin are bondlaths. Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 1, 19ᵃ top (also אורחין). ↗ original
אֲרִיךְ 1to be long, to project. Targum I Kings 8, 8; 2 Chronicles 5, 9.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 39ᶜ top, see אִימָמָא. Af'el הִפְעִיל אוֹרֵיךְ, , Pa. אָרֵךְto be prolonged; to lengthen. Targum Exodus 20, 12. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 28, 67 מְאַרְכַן make appear long; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 68ᵃ מְאַרְכָה יומין to live long; Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 7. to be tall. Sanhedrin 109ᵇ כי מאריך when one was tall. to tarry, wait, hope. Targum Numbers 9, 22. Targum Job 6, 11.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 6, 43ᵈ אורכין צבחר wait a while. Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 1, 57ᵃ bottom of the page הוות מוֹרְכָה וכ׳ she waited a whole year. the same place (ibid.) הוו מורכין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 2, 81ᵇ top אילפא מורכא לך the ship will wait for thee. ↗ original
אֲרִיךְ 2 (the preceding) long. Targum Ezek. 17, 3.—Targum Proverbs 14, 17 דא׳ תרעיתיה whose intrigue is long prepared (Hebrew איש מזמות). 5. אֲרִיכָא (participle passive of אֲרַךְto arrange) right, befitting. Ezra 4, 14.—Sukkah 4ᵇ א׳ או לא א׳ is it right or not? Bava Metzia 75ᵃ וא׳ and it is proper to do so. Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 1, 2 וא׳ כדין is such a thing right? ↗ original
אָרִיךְ (the preceding) prolonging, retarding. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Numbers 14, 18 (2 א׳ רחמין, read רוחיה). ↗ original
אָרֵיךְ (denominative of אֲרִיךְ 2, 2) preparing, dressing. Shabbath 33ᵇ הוא קא א׳ ליה לבישריה was dressing (cleansing) his body. Kethuboth 103ᵇ ואָרֵיכְנָא וכ׳ I would dress parchment rolls of deer skins. ↗ original
אָרֵיכָא (the preceding) [one who arranges arguments,] Arekha, title of a lecturer. Shabbath 59ᵇ גברא רבה א׳ a great man, a lecturer. Esp. known R. Aḥa Arekha. the same place (ibid.) 111ᵃ; and elsewhere Berachoth 33ᵃ edition (Munich manuscript Ḥiya); Abba Arekha (Rab, see רַב). [In legend: tall, see אָרוּךְ.] ↗ original
*אֲרֵיכָא (the preceding) theme of a lecture. Midrash Tehillim, beginning עבד לה א׳ used that idea of R. Yudan as a theme. ↗ original
אֲרִיכָא (see אֲרִיךְ 2) long, prolonged. Betzah 30ᵇ יומא א׳ Munich manuscript (edition אריכתא); Sukkah 45ᵇ יומא א׳ an adjourned day.—Fem. אֲרִיכְתָּא. Berachoth 4ᵇ תפלה א׳ a continued prayer; גאולה א׳ a continued benediction on redemption, see גְּאוּלָּה.—plural אֲרִיכָתָא. Kethuboth 8ᵃ שית א׳ the six lengthy benedictions. ↗ original
אֲרִיכָה (ארך) prolongation, length; (supply (understood word) אף, or פנים) forbearance. Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 8 א׳ שהאריך וכ׳ the forbearance which Samuel showed. Bereshith Rabbah section 70 א׳ פנים. Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 77ᵇ bottom of the page; and elsewhere א׳ ימים length of days, long life.—Bereshith Rabbah section 64 א׳ ימים lapse of time. ↗ original
אֲרֵיכוּתָא (see אֲרִיךְ 2, preparation, future (see ורך, Schrader KAT p. 549). Targum Jeremiah 31, 5. ↗ original
אֲרִים, proper noun Arim (Arum). Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 1, 76ᶜ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 3, end, 30ᵇ עליית בית א׳, see עֲלִייָּה; (Sifré Deuteronomy 41 ערוד; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 681 שערים; Kiddushin 40ᵇ נתזה). ↗ original
אֱרִימִין (ἔρημα, τὰ) desert, wilderness. מקום א׳ a settlement in a desert. Vayikra Rabbah section 35 (edition אדרימון, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) ארימון, correct accordingly). Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 11.—Yalkut Shimoni Jeremiah 257 אירימון, compare אֱירֵימִיאָה. ↗ original
*אָרִיס 1 (ארס) something tied to the body (περίαμμα), whence an emblem set in a ring or chain (compare Deuteronomy 6, 8; Proverbs 6, 21, also Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Amuletum). . Devarim Rabbah section 3 הכניסה לו שנים א׳ (read שני) brought into his house two emblems (of faith); the king, too, זקף לה כנגדן שני א׳ had two corresponding emblems set for her. the same place (ibid.) Abraham delivered to his children שני א׳ two emblems (which they should guard, Genesis 18, 19). ↗ original
אָרִיס 2 (ארס) properly bound, engaged, especially tenant who tills the owner’s ground for a certain share in the produces, contradistinguished frequently חכור tenant who pays the landlord a certain rent in kind, irrespective of the yield of the crops. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 1, end, 64ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra 3, 14ᵃ bottom of the page א׳ שהוריד א׳ a farmer letting to a sub-farmer. Shemoth Rabbah section 43. Vayikra Rabbah section 1 אֲרִיסוֹ his (the king’s) tenant, i.e. Adam (in paradise); and frequently—plural אֲרִיסִים, אֲרִיסִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Bathra the passage cited Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 82ᵇ bottom of the page Devarim Rabbah section 7; and frequently—Cmp. עָרִיס. ↗ original
אָרִיסsame, also field laborer. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 23, 25; 26 Levita (edition פועל). Targum Song of Songs 8, 11.—Avodah Zarah 21ᵇ א׳ אריסותיה קעביד the gentile tenant working during the Jewish festive week, works for his tenancy (not as the Jew’s employee). Chagigah 25ᵇ דינא הוא … א׳ וכ׳ it is the tenant’s business to procure kegs etc.—*Bava Bathra 55ᵃ דאריסא דפרסאי עד וכ׳ Rashb. ad loc. (on the passage) (edition אריסותא, variant reading דאֲרִישָׂן, שָׂאִין …, דאֲרִישָׂאָן, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note, Munich manuscript דאריש׳) that the tenant of the Persians is such only up to forty years (after which time he is considered a legitimate owner); see Nim. Josephus to Alfasi ad loc. (on the passage) [It seems that the Pers. Jews pronounced אֲרִישָׁא a. אֲרִישׁוּתָא, compare דִּישְׁתָּנָא a. דִּיסְתָּנָא.]—plural אֲרִיסַיָּא. Targum Job 29, 23. אֲרִישָׂאִין, see above. [Vayikra Rabbah section 28, see אֲרִיסְטָא.] betrothed, see אֲרַס. ↗ original
אֲרִיסוּת (אָרִיס 2) tenancy, condition of the Aris. Peah 5, 5 בא׳ as a tenancy; and frequently—plural אֲרִיסִיּוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bikkurim 1, end, 64ᵇ בעלי א׳ owners of tenanted properties, see חֲכִירָה. ↗ original
אֲרִיסוּתָא Vayikra Rabbah section 5. Avodah Zarah 21ᵇ; and elsewhere Bava Bathra 55ᵃ, see אֲרִיסָא. [Moed Katan 22ᵇ, see אֲרִישְׂתָּא.] ↗ original
אֲרִיסְטָא (corruption of אריסטיטא, ἀριστητής) break-fasting, in gen. invited guest. plural אֲרִיסְטִין, אֲרִיסְטַיָּיא. Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 3 שביק א׳ וכ׳ let the guests eat (some edition אריסטון, our guests?). Vayikra Rabbah section 28 אריסייא (correct accordingly). Echah Rabbah to 4, 2 ביני א׳ among the seated guests. ↗ original
אֲרִיסְטוֹבּוֹלוֹס (Ἀριστόβουλος) Aristobule, brother of Hyrcan, son of Alexander Jannai. Menachoth 64ᵇ; Bava Kamma 82ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original
אֲרִיסְטוֹן 1 (ἄριστον) orig. morning meal, later principal meal, dinner, repast. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 7ᵇ אין הווה לכון א׳ כ׳ if ye are invited to a dinner, and the day is advanced, etc. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 3, 21ᶜ top גו א׳ during dinner. the same place (ibid.) 6, 23ᶜ; and frequently ↗ original
אֲרִיסְטוֹן 2Ariston. Challah 4, 11; Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 6, end, 37ᵃ (a Syrian land-owner).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 16, end, 16ᵃ חד א׳ one Ariston. [‘One of the βουλὴ ἀριστῶν mentioned Cod. Theod. Lib. 12, Tit. 888, Frankel M’bo p. 65ᵃ.] ↗ original
אֲרִירָה (ארר) cursing, imprecation. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 4, 8ᶜ (play on Aron, the ark) from there א׳ יוצאה לעולם curse goes forth into the world (for transgressors); and elsewhere ↗ original
אֲרִישְׂתָּא (ארשׁ, see ארס) properly obligation, hence (supply (understood word) סעודת) a meal which creates an obligation, a meal which is given in the expectation of receiving invitations from the reciprocating members of a social club, opposite פורענא the entertainment in reciprocation for invitations received. Moed Katan 22ᵇ אריש׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אריסותא, Munich manuscript ארשיותא, read ארישו׳). ↗ original
אֲרִיתָא (ארת, √אר, compare יְאוֹר) cut, channel, dyke Targum Psalms 107, 35 (Hebrew text אגם); and elsewhere—Chullin 107ᵃ א׳ דדלאי dyke for irrigation. Bava Kamma 50ᵇ and the following—plural (אֲרִיתַּ׳) אֲרִיתַיָּא. Targum Onkelos Exodus 8, 11. Targum Psalms 78, 44. (Hebrew text יְאֹר); and elsewhere Cmp. חריץ. ↗ original
ארך (√אר, compare ארג) to join, weave; whence to arrange, plan; see ערך.—5. אֲרִיךְ 2, אֲרוּכָה etc. ↗ original
אָרֵךְ , compare Schrader KAT p. 497 ארג; compare also גדל to plait,to be tall) to be [pointed, stretched,] long, tall. Hif'il הִפְעִיל הֶאֱרִיךְto prolong, be long in doing. Berachoth 1, 4 אמרו להַאֲרִיךְ they commended a lengthy benediction. the same place (ibid.) 34ᵃ; compare אַרְכָן. Yoma 35ᵇ הֶאֱ׳ בתפלתו staid long in prayer.—הא׳ ימים to live long. Megillah 27ᵇ; and frequently—Berachoth 8ᵇ, and frequently מַאֲרִיכִין ימיו his life will be prolonged.—פנים, הא׳ רוחto be long-suffering, forbearing. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevuoth 4, beginning 35ᵇ; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, 65ᵇ bottom of the page when collecting debts (punishing) מאריך וגובה he is slow in collecting (punishes in long intervals, gives extension). to be long, last long. Bamidbar Rabbah section 20, end הא׳ הברזל the point of the spear grew longer, see below; and frequently [to lengthen the carrying pole,] to make heavy. Niddah 16ᵇ כמה הֶאֱרַכְתָּ עלינו how heavy thou hast made our burden (through restrictive laws)! Nif'al נִפְעַל נֶאֱרַךְto be prolonged, grow longer. Sifré Numbers 131; Yalkut Shimoni the same place (ibid.) 771; (Bamidbar Rabbah the passage cited האריך). ↗ original
אֶרֶךְ (Biblical Hebrew) only with אַף, אֲפַּיִםlong-suffering, forbearing. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 2, 65ᵇ; and frequently; see אַף. ↗ original
אַרְכָא 1 (ארך; compare אוּרְבָּא); plural אַרְכֵיmeshes, ranges, intervals. Shabbath 50ᵇ. Gittin 69ᵇ. Bava Bathra 3ᵃ, see אוּרְבָּא.—Targum Esther 8, 15 בארכוהי in its (the girdle’s) meshes. ↗ original
אַרְכָא 2 (ארך) duration, term, limit; extension of time. Daniel 4, 24 (prolongation). the same place (ibid.) 7, 12 (set term).—Targum Genesis 6, 3; and elsewhere ↗ original
אַרְכָה (see אַרְכָא 2) extension, a certain time. Bamidbar Rabbah section 14 (p. 259ᵃ edition Amsterdam edition) נתן להם א׳ וכ׳ allowed them a certain time but finally punished them. ↗ original
אַרְכּוּבָה (רכב) the leg from under the hip-bone to the ankle, the knee and its surrounding parts (containing three sections each of which is called א׳ and defined by a different surname). Chullin 4, 6; see the same place (ibid.) 76ᵃ (also רְכוּבָה); and frequently anything joined, joint. Kilayim 7, 1 הא׳ שבגפן (Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 4, 11, variant reading הבריכה שבסלע) that part of the vine which is bent down and laid in the ground to rise at another place. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᶜ bottom of the page א׳ של למ"ד the lower joint of the Lammed. Kelim 14, 8 מפתח של א׳ וכ׳ (Tosefta Kelim Bava Metzia 4, 15 רוֹכְבָּה … רְכוּבָתוֹ) a key with a joint, broken at the joint.—plural אַרְכּוּבוֹת. Niddah 30ᵇ. Bava Metzia 105ᵃ ↗ original
אַרְכוֹן (= Hebrew אַרְכָן which see) ruler, elder Targum I Chronicles 11, 2 (Hebrew text נגיד). Targum Job. 21, 28 (Hebrew text נדיב); and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 5, 9ᵃ עבר א׳ an elder passed by.—plural אַרְכוֹנִין. Targum 2 Chronicles 11, 11; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 8, 21ᵃ (defective sentence); [Hebrew plural אַרְכוֹנוֹת, see ארְכָן). ↗ original
אַרְכוֹנְטוֹס (ἄρχων, -οντος) archont, city-magistrate, prefect. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 69ᵃ top of the page Echah Rabbah to 2, 2; 4, 18. Bereshith Rabbah section 76 ארכוננוס (correct accordingly). [The office of a city mayor or senator in the Roman days was often ruinous to its occupants; see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Senatus.] ↗ original
אַרְכִי 1 (ארך, see עַרְכִי; an adaptation of ἀρχή, compare אַרְכָן) term of office, office, court of elders. Bamidbar Rabbah section 9 whoever was signed as a witness בא׳ ישנה וכ׳ (Kiddushin 4, 5 ערכי which see) in the old court of Zepphoris.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 2, end, 81ᵇ מעלה לאַרְכִיָים he (the gentile) takes the deed to their (gentile) office for recording. Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 1, 43ᵈ top of the page—Ruth Rabbah to 1, 3 א׳ של בנך דוחקת the time of thy son’s accession to office presses. Devarim Rabbah section 2 הגיע א׳ וכ׳ surrender thy office to Joshua. the same place (ibid.) a prefect שהיה בא׳ שלו who was in his office; and frequently—plural אַרְכִיּוֹת. Ruth. R. the passage cited א׳ א׳ הן the terms of office are predestined (compare Shabbath 30ᵃ bottom of the page ואין מלכות וכ׳). [עַרְכָאוֹת, see עַרְכִי.] ↗ original
אַרְכִי 2 קִרְיַת א׳ Kiryath Arkhi (= קרית ספר); see the preceding Targum Joshua 15, 15; and elsewhere ↗ original
אַרְכִי 3 (Greek pref. ἀρχι—) chief of (gen. followed by a plural) as א׳ בִּרְיוֹנִיםchief of the castle guard. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Ekha p. 122ᵇ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אדני מריונים, correct accordingly); see respective determinants. ↗ original
ארכידיקי , Bereshith Rabbah section 50 beginning, Musafia, see יודקו↗ original
אַרְכִיּוֹן (ἀρχεῖον, archivum) prefecture, public building, archive. Tanchuma Ki Thetsé 9 he went לא׳ של וכ׳ into the Egyptian archive; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Zakhor p. 27ᵃ לבית א׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition ארמון, correct accordingly); Yalkut Shimoni ad loc. (on the passage) ארכוון (some edition ארמון, correct accordingly). Esther Rabbah to 1, 3 להדא א׳ דגדר as in the state-house of Gadara. [Shemoth Rabbah section 5 בית ארמון correct accordingly] ↗ original
אַרְכִיטִיקְטוֹן (ἀρχιτέκτων, architectus) architect, engineer. Bereshith Rabbah section 24, beginning לא׳ שבנה וכ׳ to be compared to an engineer that built the fortifications of a principality; Bamidbar Rabbah section 9, beginning לארכי קיטון קטאד׳ (correct accordingly, and insert שנעשה) to an architect that was appointed etc.; and frequently—plural אַרְכִיטֶקְטוֹנִין, אַרְכִיטֶקְטִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 9, 13ᵃ top טקטנן … (correct accordingly). ↗ original
אַרְכִילֵיסְטֵיס (ἀρχιλήστης) chief robber, leader of a gang. Bereshith Rabbah section 48; and frequently [Frequ. ארכיליסטים, divide in two words, see אַרְכִי 3, a. לֵיסְטֵיס.] [Yalkut Shimoni Exodus 255 ארכיליסטוסין, טוטין …, read אִיסְכּוֹלַסְטִיקִין.—Midrash Samuel section 25, end ארכיליסטים some edition, see אָרְכֵיסְטֵיס.] ↗ original
אָרְכֵיסְטֵיס (ὀρχήστης) dancer. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 5, 55ᶜ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 2, 20ᵇ bottom of the page ארכסטס; Bamidbar Rabbah section 4.—plural אָרְכֵיסְטִין or אָרְכֵיסְטֵיסִין. Midrash Samuel section 25, end ארכיסטריס, variant reading ארכיליסטיס (correct accordingly). ↗ original
*אַרְכִיסְטְרָאטֵיגוֹס (ἀρχιστρατηγός) commander in chief; also chief magistrate (see אִסְטְרָטֵיגוֹס). Bereshith Rabbah section 58; (Shemoth Rabbah section 31 אסטרט׳). ↗ original
ארכיסטריגוס , Bereshith Rabbah section 58, corrupted as preceding word ↗ original
אַרְכָן 1 (ארך, an adaptation of ἄρχων) elder, magistrate. Bava Bathra 164ᵇ a letter of divorce dated בשנת פלוני א׳ (variant reading עַרְכָן, עַרְכָאן see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 3 and the following; compare עַרְכִי) in the year when—was magistrate; see דּוּגִין.—plural אַרְכוֹנוֹת. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 7, 9. Chaldaic אַרְכוֹן, אַרְכוֹנָא. ↗ original
אַרְכָן 2 (אָרֵךְ) one giving long prayers, opposite קַצְּרָן. Berachoth 34ᵃ; Mechilta Beshallach, Vayassa 1 מארכן (read מה א׳). ↗ original
אַרְכָנוּתָא (אַרְכָן 1) office. Bava Bathra 164ᵇ (variant reading עַרְכָנ׳, see אַרְכָן I). ↗ original
אֲרָם (Biblical Hebrew) Aram, son of Shem., son of Shem. Targum Genesis 10, 22; and elsewhere Aramaea, Syria. Targum I Kings 20, 1; and frequently (a disguise for רוֹמָא) Rome, Roman empire (compare אֱדוֹם). Pesachim 87ᵇ לקבל גזרות אכזריות א׳ edition (read לסבול … של א׳; in Munich manuscript 1 only לסבול גזיר׳, manuscript 2 … של רומיים; other var., see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note; Gittin 17ᵃ אֲרוֹמִיִּים) to endure the severe decrees of Rome. ↗ original
אַרְמַאי Chaldaic (Aramaic) masculine (= Biblical Hebrew אֲרַמִּי) Syrian, in gen. gentile, Roman; compare אֲרַמִּי 2). Targum Onkelos Leviticus 25, 47.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 4, 35ᵃ; 35ᵇ חד א׳ ברומי (Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 3, 21ᵇ חד בר נש) a gentile in Rome. the same place (ibid.) או יהודיי וכ׳ (probably plur.) either be Jewish Jews (living as Jews ought to) or gentile gentiles (Roman Romans). Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, 41ᶜ top ארמייא וכ׳ the leather bottle of an Aramæan (or gentile) burst open. Yevamoth 45ᵇ בר ארמאה son of a gentile. Chullin 97ᵃ; and frequently—plural אַרְמָאֵי. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 32, 24 (Romans); and elsewhere—Avodah Zarah 31ᵇ.—Gittin 17ᵃ אֲרוֹמָאֵי (Romans). Bereshith Rabbah section 63 אַרְמָאִין. Koheleth Rabbah to 7, 11 אַרְמָיִין.—Bamidbar Rabbah section 7 אַרְמָאִים (Kelim 1, 8 עכ"ום); and frequently [Vayikra Rabbah section 34 אתון מארמאין, read מיזדמאין, see זְמֵי.]—Fem. אַרְמַיְיתָא. Yevamoth the passage cited 5. אֲרַמָּא. ↗ original
אַרְמוֹן 1enclosure, palace (poëtic). Avodah Zarah 24ᵇ praised בדביר א׳ in the innermost of the Palace (Temple). [Shemoth Rabbah section 5 בית א׳; Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Zakhor p. 27ᵃ, see אַרְכִיּוֹן.] Cmp. ארם Schrader KAT p. 536. ↗ original
*אַרְמוֹן 2Armon. Yevamoth 45ᵃ captives coming from A. (see Neubauer Geographie du Talmud, Paris 1868 p. 371; probably ident. with רִמּוֹן, which see). ↗ original
אַרְמוֹן 3 (see עַרְמוֹן) platanus, the oriental plane. אַרְמוֹנִים. Bereshith Rabbah section 15, beginning; (Rosh Hashanah 23ᵃ; Bava Bathra 81ᵃ עַרְ׳). ↗ original
אֲרַמִּי , אֲרָמִית feminine (Biblical Hebrew) Aramaean, Aramaic, Chaldaic. [Targum 2 Kings 18, 26.]—לשון א׳ Chaldaic. Shabbath 12ᵇ; and frequently (= אֲרוֹמִי; see אֲרָםRomish, Roman, heathen. [Owing to Christian censors as well as timid Jewish copyists, many of the passages originally referring to Romans, Christians, etc., have been altered by substituting Arammi, Kuthi, Goy etc., so that only by keen criticism their real application can be ascertained.]—Fem. gentile woman. Berachoth 8ᵇ (Munich manuscript ארמאית). Sanhedrin 9, 6; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᶜ top ארמיתLatin; see בָּדָא.—plural אֲרַמִּים Megillah 11ᵃ (some edition פרסיים; Munich manuscript רוֹמִיִּים; Sifra B’ḥukk. Parah 2, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 8 אספסיינוס). 5. אֲרוֹמִי. ↗ original
אֲרַמְיוּתָא (the preceding) gentile ways, Romedom, idolatry, etc. Megillah I2 (4), 9 (25ᵃ) whoever translates (Leviticus 18, 21), ‘Of thy seed thou shalt give none לאעברא בא׳ (manuscript Lond. לאעבורי אומיתא, see variant reading in Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) to become with child in Romedom (identifying Molokh with Rome and misinterpreting l’haăbir for the purpose of making it applicable to sexual connection with Romans) must be silenced with a sharp rebuke (see נְזִיפָה); compare Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus the passage cited—Avodah Zarah 70ᵃ כד הוינן בארמיותן (Munich manuscript הואי בגיותא) when we were yet in our heathendom (prior to our conversion). ↗ original
אַרְמִינְיָאArmenia, the plateau of Western Asia. Echah Rabbah to 1, 14.—Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 8, 4 name of a mountain and of a city. ↗ original
אִרְמֵל (denomin. of next word) Nithpa. נִתְאַרְמְלָהto become a widow (a Chaldaism). Kethuboth 2, 1; 5, 1; see אִלְמֵן. Yevamoth 42ᵇ; and elsewhere ↗ original
אַרְמְלָא (= אלמל׳ frequently עלם; see אַלְמוֹן; see P.; see P. S. under the word 391) widow. Targum Genesis 38, 11; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shabbath 1, 3ᵈ top; and frequently—plural אַרְמְלָן. Targum Exodus 22, 23, and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 1, beginning 24ᵈ.—אַרְמְלָאתָא, אַרְמְלָתָא. Targum Job 22, 9; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 3, 74ᵃ top; and elsewhere ↗ original
אַרְמְלוּ (see ארְמְלָא) (in) widowhood. Targum Isaiah 47, 8 and the following; and elsewhere—Kethuboth 75ᵃ, see טַנְדּוּ.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 5, 39ᵇ top; Bava Bathra 98ᵇ manuscript; edition אַלְמָנוּת. ↗ original
אַרְנֶבֶת (Biblical Hebrew) hare; [proper noun of a female person, see next word]. Megillah 9ᵇ. Leviticus section 13 הא׳ זו יון Arnebeth (Leviticus 11, 6) is an allusion to Yavan (Greece); compare next word—plural אַרְנָבִים. Shabbath 27ᵃ; Menachoth 39ᵇ. [Assyr. Annabu, Schrader KAT p. 498.] ↗ original
אַרְנַבְתָּא Targum Leviticus 11, 6; and elsewhere—Echah Rabbah to 2, 10; Nedarim 65ᵃ ארנבא.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᵈ bottom of the page אמו של תלמי … ארנתא וכ׳ (correct accordingly) King Ptolemee’s mother was named Hare (λαγώς); compare Megillah 9ᵇ where the King’s wife is named arnebeth↗ original
*אַרְנוֹן 1 (deriv. of אָרוֹן) chest with many cases, trader’s chest. Tanchuma B’midb. 20 לאדם פרגמטיוטיס שהיה לו א׳ של זכוכית Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition incorr.) like a trader that had a chest containing (common) glass beads; compare Tanchuma edition Buber edition 23ᵃ. note; Yalkut Shimoni Numbers 692 (where אבנים must be read ארנון). ↗ original
אַרְנוֹן 2 (an adaptation of annona, compare אַנּוֹנָא a. טַסְקָא) [chest, treasury, see the preceding] tax from crops and other farmer’s produces delivered in kind. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 13, 35ᵈ א׳ גולגולת annona and poll-tax.—Pesachim 6ᵃ בהמת א׳ cattle subject to the annona (see D. C. edition Hensch, under the word Annona: ‘capitur etiam in pecudibus’); עיסת א׳ dough made of flour subject to annona.—plural אַרְנוֹנוֹת, אַרְנוֹנִיּוֹת, אַרְנוֹנִין. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 28, 36. Vayikra Rabbah section 29. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 4, 35ᵇ; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 3, 21ᵇ top מיגבי ארנונין to collect taxes Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Shekalim 11ᵇ (description of Roman extortions) אייתי ארנונֵיךְ bring thy annonae↗ original
אָרְנָטוּס (ornatus, ὀρνᾶτος) decoration. Echah Rabbah to 4, 1 שהיה דומה לא׳ של זהב (edition ארנטס, ארונטס) who was (to the nation) like a gold decoration. ↗ original
אַרְנְקָא Bava Bathra 8ᵃ; and frequently—Transferred א׳ דמוחא bag, i.e. membrane of the brains. Berachoth 19ᵃ.—plural אַרְנְקֵי. Bava Metzia 84ᵇ. Kethuboth 67ᵃ ↗ original
אַרְנְקַי (אנק, ר inserted for Dagesh) merchant’s bag suspended from the neck, compare אֲמַפְּלַי; in gen. money-bag, purse. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 61ᵃ bottom of the page Vayikra Rabbah section 14; and frequently [the same place (ibid.) א׳ של כסף, read אוּנְקְיָא.] ↗ original
ארנתא Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᵈ bottom of the page, see אַרְנַבְתָּא↗ original
אֶרֶס (√רס; see רְסַס; as to modification of meaning compare Lat. virus) properly drop, fluid. especially poison. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 3, beginning 42ᵃ the serpent הטיל בו א׳ threw a drop (of poison) into it. Shabbath 62ᵇ (play on t’akkasnah, Isaiah 3, 16) כארס בכעוס (read כא׳ עכיס; see variant reading Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) like the serpent’s poison; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Maasroth 5, end, 52ᵃ an onion שאין לו אירם (read אירס) which has no penetrating moisture.—plural אֵרְסִין, אֵירְסִין. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 8, 45ᵉᵈ. Cmp. רִיס. ↗ original
אֶרֶס ² Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 1, 31; Genesis 3, 14, some edition אֲרֵיסָא; and frequently—plural אֵירְסִין. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 32, 24 (edition Vienna edition אֲרִיסַן). ↗ original
אָרַס , see ארר) to bind, join; to betroth. participle passive אָרוּס, feminine אֲרוּסָהbetrothed, engaged. Kethuboth 13ᵇ אָרוּס וַאֲרוּסָתוֹ a betrothed couple. Yerushalmi (prefix) Chagigah 2, 77ᵈ אֲרוּסִי my betrothed, i.e. my beloved citizen. Pi'el פִּעֵל אֵרַס, אֵירַסto betroth to one’s self, engage in marriage. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 5, 63ᵃ bottom of the page לְאָרֵס. the same place (ibid.) הא לארס יְאָרֵס but betroth he may; and frequently—Yevamoth 6, 4 אירס וכ׳ he betrothed a widow. Kethuboth 1, 6 אֵרַסְתַּנִי, אֵרַסְתִּיךְ; and frequently [As to the legal status of betrothal, see אֵרוּסִין.] to give away in betrothal (of the bride’s father). the same place (ibid.) 4, 2.—participle passive מְאוֹרָסָה. Sanhedrin 7, 9; and frequently—Shemoth Rabbah section 33 (play on morashah, Deuteronomy 33, 4).— Hithpa'el a. Nithpa'el הִתְאָרְסָה, נִתְאָרְסָהto be betrothed (only of the woman). Kethuboth 3, 3; and elsewhere—Yevamoth 4, 10 הנשואות יִתְאָרְסוּ וכ׳ those who have been married before, may get betrothed (before the expiration of three months after separation from their husbands by death or divorce), and those who have been betrothed (and not yet married), may get married (during the above term). ↗ original
אֲרַס , fut. יֵירוּס, Chaldaic (Aramaic) same. Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 28, 30; and frequently—(אַרְסָא) מְאַרְסָאbetrothed woman. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 20, 10. Targum Exodus 22, 15 (16).—*Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 12 אֲרוּסָתֵיה or אֲרוּסְתֵּיה (Chaldaic (Aramaic) suffix) his betrothed.—[Vayikra Rabbah section 34 דאינון מארסוון, read מאנסיכון, see אֲנַס, or דאתון מיזדמיין, see זְמֵי.] Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִתְאֲרִיס , contracted אִתְרִיס (compare אֲנַס Ithpeel) to be betrothed. בת אִיתְרוּסֵיmarriageable. Gittin 43ᵃ; and frequently ↗ original
אָרְסְקִינָסUrsicinus, a Roman general delegated against Judea by Gallus who, as Constantine’s nephew and associate emperor, resided at Antiochia. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 16, beginning 15ᶜ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 4, 23ᶜ bottom of the page א׳ מלכא U. the king (royal governor?). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 4, 35ᵃ הורון מֵפֵי … לא׳; Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 1, 60ᶜ bottom of the page הורי פיתא לא׳ וכ׳ (insert מֵפֵי) the sages allowed to have bread baked on the Sabbath for (the army of) U. because his intercession might be needed. [Diff. explanation of latter sentence, see Frankel M’bo, p. 56ᵃ.] Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 5, 9ᵃ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 3, 74ᵃ top א׳ אוקיד וכ׳ U. burnt the scrolls of the Law of the congregation of Zennabris. ↗ original
אָרַע (√רע, see רעע) to strike against. Nif'al נֶאֱרַע to come in contact with (compare זווג), to happen, befall (gen. of evil occurrences). Berachoth 4, 2 שלא תֵּאָרַע וכ׳ (Babylonian edition 28ᵇ שלא יֵאָרַע דבר וכ׳) that no (religious) offence may happen through me (by an erroneous decision etc.). Yoma 1, 1 שׁמא יארע בו פסול lest something may occur to him to unfit him for services. Esther Rabbah to 2, 7 שיארע על ישראל (read שיארע לישר׳) will happen to Israel; and frequently Pi'el פִּעֵל אֵירַע, אִירַעto strike, befall; (neut. see) to occur. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kiddushin 1, 58ᵈ top ולא א׳ מעשה no accident (illegal act) occurred. Bereshith Rabbah section 84 כל מה שאירע לזה וכ׳ whatever befell the one, befell also the other; and frequently—Moed Katan 2, 1 אֵירְעוֹ אבל (Munich manuscript אירע בו) mourning in the family befell him; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shekalim 5, 48ᵈ bottom of the page כך וכך אירע; Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 1, 22ᵃ אירעון … (read אירעוֹ) so and so it happened to him. participle Pu. מְאוֹרָע which see Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְאָרֵעַto be added to, to join. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 1, 17ᵃ אחת מִתְאַרְעָה לאחת וכ׳ one (sin) is added to the other, until the account is full; Bamidbar Rabbah section 9. ↗ original
אֲרַע 1 (in Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan); in O. usually עֲרַע which see) same; to join, meet, find; to attack, visit. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 19, 19 תִירְעִינַנִי may befall me Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 32, 10 (Hebrew text מצא). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 5, 3 (Hebrew פגע). the same place (ibid.) 4, 2 (Hebrew פגש; edition Vienna edition ועַרַע read וַאֲרַע). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 5, 7 לא תֶאֱרַע ידיה he will not be able, cannot afford (Hebrew text תגיע וכ׳, compare תמצא ידו); and frequently [Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Exodus 15, 9 ואַרְעֵי יתהון (I ונָרַע, וגדע) read ואֶירַע and I shall meet them.] Ithpaal הִתְפַּעֵל אִתְאָרַע,Ithpeel נִפְעַל אִיתְרַע, אִירַע or Pa. אַרַעto be met; to meet. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Numbers 23, 15 אֶתְעָרַע (Hebrew text אֶקָּרֶה). Moed Katan 18ᵃ, and elsewhere איתרע ביה מילתא an accident befell him (death in the family).—Vayikra Rabbah section 37 אַרְעַת שעתא it so happened. Koheleth Rabbah to 11, 1 ארעת ענת׳ וכ׳ it happened to be the season when the Israelites travelled to Jerusalem. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 1, 22ᵃ אירעון, see the preceding Targum Esther 8, 8 תִתְּרַן = תתארען; Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 44, 34 תברז (correct accordingly). [אתרע to be shaken, weakened, see רעע.] Af'el הִפְעִיל אוֹרַע = Pe. Targum Ruth 2, 3; and elsewhere—Targum Psalms 85, 11 אוֹרְעוּן (some edition אָרְעִין Pe.) meet each other. ↗ original
*אָרַע 2 (√רע, compare רוּעַ, Hif'ilהֵרִיעַ, compare קָרָא a. קָרָה) to proclaim a festival. Sifré Numbers 147 אֵירְעוֹ במאכל וכ׳ proclaim it (as מקרא קדש) with special meal and dress; see Mechilta Bo 9, beginning Pu. פֻּעַל אוֹרָעto be proclaimed. Bava Bathra 113ᵇ with והיתה … משפט (Numbers 27, 11) אוֹרְעָה כל וכ׳ the whole section has been proclaimed as of a judicial nature; (Munich manuscript הודעה, see יָדַע). ↗ original
אֲרַע 2 (Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan), O. usually עֲרַע which see), Pa. אָרַע, אַרַע same. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 23, 2; and frequently Targum Onkelos Numbers 10, 2 לעָרָעָה edition Berlin edition (other edition לאַרְעָא); (Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) לעָרָעָא, לעַרְעָא!). [Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 23, 4 דִּי יִתְרְעוּן, corrupted די תְאַרְעוּן. the same place (ibid.) 21, a gloss חיין וקיימין הי בזמן referring to the festive benediction שהחייני וקימנו וכ׳.]—Denom. מְאַרְעָא, מְעַרְעָא. ↗ original
אִרְעָא (אֲרַע 1) accident, occurrence. Targum Ruth 2, 3.—[*plural אַרְעַיָּיאevils, diseases. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 28, 60 (probably to be read מַרְעַיָּא).] ↗ original
אַרְעָא (√רע, Hebrew which see) [the brittle] land, earth, ground, field. Targum Genesis 1, 1. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 16, 5; and frequently—Bava Bathra 29ᵃ חדא א׳ one field; see בָּאגָא.—Bechoroth 25ᵇ א׳ דחשוכא a land of darkness (Babylon); and frequently—Shabbath 65ᵃ בת א׳ (a Chaldaic adaptation of ποδάγρα, podagra) gout, sore on the toes.—עמא דא׳ = עם הארץ, see אֶרֶץ.—plural אַרְעָן, אַרְעָאן, אַרְעיָּין. Targum Jeremiah 28, 8 Levita, Targum 2 Esther 4, 1. Usu. אַרְעָתָא. Targum Genesis 26, 3; and frequently—Bava Bathra 12ᵇ; 61ᵇ fields.—Bava Kamma 7ᵃ הוקר א׳, הוזל א׳ (Munich manuscript זול, supply (understood word) דמי) land fell, rose in price. 5. לְאַרַע. ↗ original
אַרְעָאָה (the preceding) earth-ward, that which, he who, is below, nethermost. Targum Joshua 16, 3; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 9, end, 32ᵈ שלח א׳ to put off the undergarment. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 10, beginning 12ᶜ ארעייא who lives in the story below.—plural אַרְעָאִין, אַרְעָאֵי. Targum Genesis 6, 16; and elsewhere—Echah Rabbah to 1, 16 עביד בא׳ וכ׳ deal with the inferiors (females) as thou didst with the superiors (men); the same place (ibid.) to 4, 19; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 5, 55ᵇ (incorr. version).—Fem. אַרְעִיתָא. Targum Ezekiel 41, 7; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Maʿǎser Sheni 5, 56ᶜ top of the page—plural אַרְעַיָּתָא, אַרְעַיָּיתָא. Targum Ezekiel 42, 5; 6. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yoma 1, 38ᶜ; Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 5, 75ᶜ bottom of the page, see אִסְכּוּפְתָּא. [Targum Esther אַרַע מיניה, see לְאַרַע.] ↗ original
אַרְעַי (אָרַע 1) chance-, occasional, temporary, see עַרְאַי. ↗ original
אַרְעִית (see the preceding) lower portion, bottom. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 7, beginning 30ᵈ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 1, 33ᵇ top; and elsewhere ↗ original
אַרְעִיתָא Menachoth 11ᵃ; Yoma 48ᵃ ארעתיה (read אַרְעִיתֵיה) the bottom of the reversed vessel. Kethuboth 77ᵇ א׳ דמוחא the skull(!).—5. אַרְעָאָה↗ original
אֶרֶץרצץ; Chaldaic a. other dial. ארע frequently רעעto press together, stamp—from the rugged appearance of the surface after the subsidence of the waters) earth, dry land; country, land, field (opposite to town). Shemoth Rabbah section 13 … threw dust upon the waters ונעשה א׳ and earth (crust) was formed.—א׳ ישראל (abbr. א"י) Palestine, opposite חוצה לָאָ׳, or מדינת הים foreign countries, or distant countries. Gittin 1, 2. the same place (ibid.) 6ᵃ; and frequently—הָאָרֶץ Palestine, Chullin 16ᵇ משנכנסו לא׳ since entering Palestine (under Joshua); and frequently—עם הָאָ׳ (abbr. ע"ה) country people, hence illiterate, coarse, unrefined (often applied to an individual); plural עַמֵּי הא׳, opposite תלמיד חכם. Shabbath 63ᵃ. Chullin 92ᵃ; and very frequently—Esp. ע"הthose not observing certain religious customs regarding tithes, levitical cleanness etc., opposite חָבֵר which see Demai 1, 2; and frequently—plural אֲרָצוֹת. Shevi'ith 9, 2 שלש א׳ וכ׳ Palestine is divided into three countries with reference to the laws of the Sabbath year. Kethuboth 111ᵃ; and elsewhere, see עִיסָה; and frequently ↗ original
אֲרָק (ארק, compare חרק; אדק, עדק, compare חדק) a perforated vessel, a sort of clepsydra used in sick rooms. Eruvin 104ᵃ ומטיפין מארק Musafia a. other (edition מיארק read מי א׳, Munich manuscript אריך, indistinct, manuscript Oxf. ארג, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) אדק a. ארק, see Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth)) you may, on the Sabbath, let water drip from the Arak for a sick person; Yerushalmi (prefix) Eruvin 10, 26ᵈ top מוסיפין בעדק (מטיפין); Tosefta Shabbath 2, 8 מן אדק edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading האדק). ↗ original
אַרְקָא 1 (= אַרְעָא, compare רקק, see אֶרֶץ) earth. Jeremiah 10, 11.—Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Baḥod. p. 155ᵃ; Bereshith Rabbah section 13; and elsewhere ↗ original
אַרְקָא 2 (Ἄρκη, Ἄρκαι) Arca, also called A. Cæsarea, Cæsection Libani, at the North-Western foot of Mount Lebanon. Bereshith Rabbah section 37 (interpreting הערקי Genesis 10, 17) א׳ דליבנן (some edition ארקס). [Cmp. ערקת לבנה Bechoroth 57ᵇ, see Neubauer Geographie du Talmud, Paris 1868 p. 33; 299.] ↗ original
אַרְקוּלְיָאנֵיHerculiani, body of guards instituted by Diocletian, together with the Joviani, to supersede the prætorians (Gibb. 1, 434; see Sachs Sachs, Beitrage 1, 113 and the following). Esther Rabbah to 1, 3 יכולני ובר ק׳ (corrupted יוביאני ואר׳). ↗ original
*ארקילין , read אַסְקַוְלִין masculine (ἀσκαύλης) performer on the bag-pipe. Targum 2, Esther 1, 3 א׳ אזיל וכ׳ a bag-piper walks at (over) the head of all (referring to the wind passing over the flax stalks on the field; in a riddle on linen). ↗ original
ארקליס , read אֱרַקְלִיֹּוס proper noun of a male person Heraclius, the surname of Maximianus, the associate emperor of Diocletian. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 1, 39ᵈ top אנא דיקל׳ וכ׳ I, Diocletian the king, have instituted the annual fair of Tyre in honor of the genius of my brother Heraclius (Heracles). ↗ original
אַרְקְתָא 1 (רקק) beaten, wrought metal, opposite אַנִיסְכָּא which see Shabbath 59ᵇ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אֲרוּקְתָּא, variant reading רוּקְתָּא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note). ↗ original
*אַרְקְתָא 3 (compare the preceding) name of a parasite worm in the bowels, perh. fluke-worm. Shabbath 109ᵇ edition (Munich manuscript אַרְקָאתָא plural, Oxford manuscript אורקתא, Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) עַר׳). Cmp. עַלְקָא. [Musafia = Hebrew יֵרָקוֹןjaundice; compare אִרְקִין.] ↗ original
אָרַרto dig, stab; see אֲרָרָן. to point out for execration, [or to set outside]; (compare חרם a. נקב, a. also ברך); to curse.—participle passive אָרוּר, feminine אֲרוּרָה, plural אֲרוּרִים etc. Shevuoth 36ᵃ; and frequently—*Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 2, 18ᵃ top מֵי יכול מראה מים ת"ל ארד (read אָרַר) you might infer from the word mé (Numbers 5, 18) that it must have the color of water, therefore the root arar is used in connection therewith (i.e. water in which the curse written with ink has been washed off and is recognizable in the mixture); אי ארד וכ׳ (read ארר) from arar again you might infer that the drink must have the color of ink, therefore we read mé, which means the color of water and the color of ink (a colored thin fluid); compare Babylonian Sotah 16ᵇ (where the same argument is used with reference to blood).—participle passive feminine אֲרוּרָה cacophem. for idol. Avodah Zarah 51ᵃ לא׳ זו מיבעיא Munich manuscript (edition לע"ז) so much the more for that cursed (idol). Pi'el פִּעֵל אֵרַר, אֵירַרto curse. Bereshith Rabbah section 36, end מְאָרֵר. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 4, 11 שאֵרְרָהּ וכ׳ which Joshuah had cursed. Pesikta Rabbati section 26 שאֵירְרוּ; and frequently Nif'al a. Nithpa'el נֶאֱרַר, נִתְאָרֵרto be cursed. Bamidbar Rabbah section 14 לא נֶאֶרְרוּ וכ׳ they were not cursed before seventy verses were completed (Genesis 1, 1 to 3, 14; Esther 3, 1 to 7, 10). Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 9, 24ᵇ bottom of the page; Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 15, 2 נִתְאָרְרוּ. ↗ original
אֲרַר Targum 2 Kings 9, 34 אֲרוּרְתָּא the cursed.—אֲרוּרַיָּיא, אֲרוּרֵי masculine plural Arurs, the Bible chapters containing the word arur (Leviticus 26, 14—46; Deuteronomy 28, 15—69); [Hebr. תוכחות or קללות]. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 3, 74ᵇ bottom of the page—Megillah 31ᵇ קא מגמגם … בא׳ read the arurs in an undertone. Koheleth Rabbah to 8, 3. ↗ original
אֲרָרָן (see אָרַר) dagger. Sanhedrin 30ᵇ; 41ᵃ אֲרָ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition a. manuscript אֲרִי׳). [Oth. opinion club. variant reading ארידן.] ↗ original
אָרְתּוּסְיָיה (Ὀρθωσίας I Makkoth 15, 37) Orthosia, a Phœnician seaport, South of the river Eleutheros. Bereshith Rabbah section 37 (translat. of has-sini Genesis 10, 17; Targum Onkelos the same place (ibid.) אַנְתּוּסָאֵי, Yerushalmi (prefix) I אַנְטוֹסָאֵי, 2 כַּפְרוּסָאֵי). ↗ original
ארתוקופיון , read אַרְטוֹקוֹפְיוֹן masculine (ἀρτοκόπιον) bakery, see ארטקפא. ↗ original
אַרְתִּיכָּא (רתך) chariot, vehicle. Targum 2 Chronicles 10, 18; and elsewhere—plural אַרְתִּיכִּין, אַרְתְּכִין. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Exodus 15, 4 (Yerushalmi (prefix) 2 רתיכ׳). ↗ original
אֵשׁ common gender (Biblical Hebrew; fire. Shabbath 11ᵃ; and elsewhere כא׳ לנעורת as destructive as fire to the flax. Sotah 48ᵇ כא׳ בנעורת like fire among flax, i.e. inflaming the senses. Bereshith Rabbah section 39 מבול של א׳ (see מַבּוּל) destruction by fire.—Bamidbar Rabbah section 2 end א׳ הדיוטית fire from outside of the sanctuary; and frequently—plural אִשֹּׁות. Yoma 21ᵇ; and frequently fever, א׳ של עצמות. Gittin 70ᵃ ↗ original
אֶשָּׁאfire. Targum Genesis 15, 17; and frequently—Bava Metzia 85ᵇ בעורין דאשא torches. Menachoth 53ᵃ אישא וכ׳ may fire consume him. fever. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 21, 15.—Yoma 29ᵃ אישתא וכ׳ the fever in winter time. Shabbath 66ᵇ and the following א׳ תלתאtertian; א׳ צמירתא inflammatory fever, א׳ בת יומאquotidian. Yevamoth 71ᵇ דזנתיה אי׳ fever fed its vital energies. Sanhedrin 108ᵇ ↗ original
אֶשְׁבֹּורָן (שבר; compare מִקְוֶה) collection of water, pond; cavity for reception of water, opposite מַדְרוֹן slope. Pesachim 42ᵃ מקום א׳ place where water poured out would remain stagnant. Avodah Zarah 72ᵃ; Oholoth 3, 3, opposite קטפרס. Tohoroth 8, 9; and elsewhere ↗ original
אַשְׁגָּרָה (שגר) current phraseology (see שָׁגוּר participle passive of שָׁגַר)—אַשְׁגָּרַת לשון (הַ׳) current phrase not meant exactly (arising from one’s being accustomed to use a certain word in association with others). Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 2, 73ᵇ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 4ᵈ ↗ original
אֲשַׁד (√שד, see שדי; see H. Dictionary under the word אֶשֶׁד) to pour out, to shed (blood), to deposit (ashes). Targum Leviticus 17, 4; and frequently—Shabbath 156ᵃ אָשֵׁיד דמא a shedder of blood.—participle passive אָשִׁידshed, spilt. Targum Micah 1, 4; 3, 10; and elsewhere ↗ original
אַשְׁדָּתָא (שדי = Hebrew יָדוֹת) lateral supports, arms. Targum I Kings 10, 19. ↗ original
אִשָּׁה see איש, , const. אֵשֶׁת, woman, wife. Pesachim 8, 1. Avodah Zarah 25ᵇ א׳ כלי זיינה עליה woman carries her weapon with her, is protected against murder by gentiles (who would rather assault her innocence). the same place (ibid.) א׳ חשובה a woman of high rank (influential). the same place (ibid.) אִשְתּוֹ משמרתו his wife’s presence guards him from wrong-doing; and frequently—plural (נָשׁוֹת) נָשִׁים which see ↗ original
אַשְׁוָה (שוי, compare אַשְׁיְתָא a. אַשְׁוָתָא) skein, reel, clue, especially staff around which the wool is put, spool. Kelim 21, 1 the wool which is on the distaff ובא׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition בא׳ correct accordingly) or on the spool. Tosefta Kelim Bava Bathra 1, 6 צמר שעל גבי האַשְׁוָוה edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading אשה, cler. err.). ↗ original
אָשׁוּנָאdense vapor, steam; vapor-room in the bath (sudatio). Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 4, 38ᵈ top he who bathes in the small caldarium (see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Baths) נסב א׳ takes away vapor (and does not benefit his fellow-bather by his presence). Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 8, 38ᵃ top אעלליה לי לא׳ take it up for me to the vapor-room. Bereshith Rabbah section 33. ↗ original
אֲשׁוּר , interjection, with (שור) הייאgo on, make haste, quick! Gittin 34ᵃ א׳ הבו לה הייא make haste, give her the letter of divorce; quick! Shabbath 119ᵃ א׳ הייא א׳ הייא. Berachoth 57ᵇ א׳ צדיקי Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition רהוטו) run, ye pious ones. ↗ original
אַשּׁוּר (Biblical Hebrew) Ashur, Assyria, Assyrian nation. Bereshith Rabbah section 37; and frequently—Yoma 10ᵃ; Kethuboth 10ᵇ א׳ זה סילק (סליקא) Ashur means (the later) Seleucia (ad Tigrim). Sanhedrin 106ᵃ (referring to the Parthian kingdom). [Yalkut Shimoni Ezek. 376, see אֵשֶׁל 3).] ↗ original
אַשּׁוּרִיAssyrian, especially the modern form of Hebrew type (square), supposed to have been brought along by the returning Babylonian captives, and made to supersede the older Hebrew (Syriac or Samaritan, עברי) characters. Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᵇ א׳ יש לו כתב וכ׳ the Assyrian (trans-Euphratic, Chaldaic) language had a (developed) type of writing, but no tongue (cultivated grammar) etc. [See the whole discussion, ibid.] Cmp. Sanhedrin 21ᵇ. Megillah 8ᵇ. Esther Rabbah to 1, 22; and elsewhere—Megillah 1, 8; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 7, beginning 21ᵇ אשורית the Hebrew language in its modern type. ↗ original
אָשׁוּת edition feminine (Biblical Hebrew אֵשֶׁת Psalms 58, 9; אוש or אשש, see אשש [groping, compare גוש, גשש,] mole. Bereshith Rabbah section 51 (alluding to esheth Psalms the passage cited) כא׳ זו וכ׳ like that mole which sees not the light. Kelim 21, 3 מצודת הא׳ the bow for shooting moles (see Maimonides ad loc. (on the passage)). Moed Katan 1, 4; compare the same place (ibid.) 6ᵇ.—Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 80ᶜ, explained חולדה. ↗ original
אַשְוָתָא , const. אַשְׁוַת feminine plural (שוי) meshes, in a transferred sense tricks. Targum Isaiah 25, 11 (Hebrew text אָרְבּוֹת). see אַשְׁיְתָא↗ original
אַשְׁחוּר (Biblical Hebrew) Ashḥur. Sotah 12ᵃ (I Chronicles 4, 5). ↗ original
אַשֵּׁיAshshé, R. A. bar Sinai, president of the academy of Sura (beginning of the fifth century), generally accepted as the redactor of the Gemara (see גְּמָרָא). Gittin 59ᵃ. Bava Metzia 86ᵃ; and frequently Other Amoraim by that name. Shabbath 75ᵇ; and frequently [Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 3ᵃ top אשיא.] ↗ original
אַשְׁיָאןAshyan, name of several Amoraim. Yerushalmi (prefix) Terumoth 1, 41ᵃ. Berachoth 14ᵃ.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, beginning, 42ᵇ A. Nagra (the carpenter).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 11, 12ᵃ bottom of the page Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᶜ bottom of the page—5. יַאֽסְיָן. ↗ original
אַשְׁיוֹת feminine plural Sanhedrin 108ᵇ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh), see עֲשָׁשִׁית↗ original
אֲשִׁימָא (Biblical Hebrew) proper noun of a male person Ashima, idol of the Ḥamatheans. Yerushalmi (prefix) Avodah Zarah 3, 42ᵈ top (referring to 2 Kings 17, 30) אימרא וכ׳ A. is represented as a lamb, as you read el hāāsham (Leviticus 5, 16); Sanhedrin 63ᵇ called ‘bald buck’ (goat). ↗ original
אֲשֵׁירָה (Biblical Hebrew) Asherah, tree (grove) devoted to idolatry (see Mov. Phœn. p. 567; Sm. Bibl. Dictionary under the word). Avodah Zarah 3, 5; 7. Sukkah 31ᵇ א׳ דמשה an Asherah to which the Mosaic law refers (remnant of anti-Mosaic idolatry). Pesachim 27ᵃ; and frequently plural אֲשֵׁירוֹת, אֲשֵׁרוֹת. Avodah Zarah 3, 7; and frequently—אֲשֵׁרִים. Pirké d’R. El. Chaldaic (Aramaic) 26. ↗ original
אֲשֵׁירתָּא Targum Onkelos Deuteronomy 16, 21; and frequently—plural אֲשֵׁירָתָא, אֲשֵׁירִין, אֲשֵׁירַיָּא, אֲשֵׁר׳. Targum 2 Kings 23, 14; 17, 10. Targum Isaiah 17, 8; and elsewhere ↗ original
אֲשִׁישָׁא (compare next word) jug. Shabbath 141ᵃ לא … דא׳ ליהדק Munich manuscript a. Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition שִׁישָׁא) you must not squeeze a cotton stopper into the mouth of a jug (on the Sabbath). Bava Bathra 144ᵃ א׳ דמשחא edition (Munich manuscript אֲשָׁשָׁא, Manuscript Hamburg שישא) a jug of oil. [Pesachim 36ᵇ אֲשִׁישָׁה (which see), according to Samuel, identic with our word = גרבא דחמרא.] ↗ original
אֲשִׁישָׁהanything made compact and substantial by pressing, whence cake, pan-cake (in Bible pressed raisin-cake). Pesachim 36ᵇ excluding from ‘bread of misery’, חלוט וא׳ pudding and pan-cake. [Talmudic etymology, ibid., ‘one sixth of an epha of flour made into a cake’.] Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 2, 29ᵇ bottom of the page—Babylonian the same place (ibid.) the passage cited Samuel says א׳ גרבא וכ׳ăshishah (2 Samuel 6, 19) means a jug of wine (see the preceding).—plural אֲשִׁישׁוֹת (Biblical Hebrew). Chullin 124ᵇ אני היום סמכוני בא׳ to me to-day the Bibl. words apply, ‘Support me with cakes’ (Song of Songs 2, 5); Betzah 21ᵃ plural אֲשִׁישִׁים, אֲשִׁישִׁיןcakes made of boiled lentils impregnated with honey. Nedarim 6, 10; compare Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 40ᵃ bottom of the page ↗ original
אֲשִׁישְׁיַין Chaldaic (Aramaic) plural as the preceding 1). Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 16, 31 (Hebrew צַפִּיחִית). ↗ original
אַשְׁיְתָא (= Hebrew אָשְׁיָה Jeremiah 50, 15, K’thib אשויה; שוי, compare שית) [meshes, layers, see אַשְׁוָתָא a. אוּרְבָּא,] frame-wall. Bava Bathra 7ᵃ. the same place (ibid.) 59ᵃ תיתרע אשיתאי my framework will be shaken (by the hammering). Berachoth 56ᵃ א׳ דנפל (read דנפלא; Munich manuscript דשא ברייתא) that my wall fell in.—plural אַשְׁיָיתָא, אוּשְׁיָתָא, אוּשָׁיָיתָא, also אַשְׁוָתָא, אוּשְׁוָותָא. Targum Psalms 11, 3 (Hebrew text שתות); and frequently—Berachoth 28ᵃ אשיָתָא וכ׳ the walls of his house. Bava Kamma 20ᵇ.—[Not to be confounded with אוּשָּׁאfoundation.] 5. אַשְׁוָתָא, אַשְׁוָה. ↗ original
אֲשִׁיתָּא = אִישְׁתָּאsix.—plural אֲשִׁיתִּיןsixty. Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 4, 68ᵈ bottom of the page אֲשִׁיתֵּיסַר, אֲשִיתֵּסר sixteen. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 5, 20ᵇ bottom of the page אשית תיסר correct accordingly ↗ original
אֶשֶׁךְtesticle. plural אֲשָׁכִים. Bechoroth 7, 5 (44ᵇ). Tosefta the same place (ibid.) 5, 4.—Denom. מְאוּשְׁכָּןone having large testicles. Bechoroth the passage cited (the same place (ibid.) edition מאושבן, see שעבז). ↗ original
אַשְׁכַּבְתָּא 1 (שכב) lying down, death. Kethuboth 103ᵇ ↗ original
אַשְׁכַּבְתָּא 2 (the preceding) butcher’s shop, סכינא דא׳butcher’s dissecting knife [Tosafoth slaughtering knife]. Bava Metzia 116ᵃ; Shabbath 123ᵇ ↗ original
אֶשְׁכּוֹלbunch, cluster (of grapes). Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 2, beginning 51ᵈ תורה קראת לא׳ וכ׳ the Bible calls the (berry in the) cluster must (tirosh, referring to Isaiah 65, 8) while people (at present) call the dried berry must (i.e. in common parlance abstinence from ‘berry’ means from grape-juice, must etc.).—אשכול של בצים the ovary (of birds). Tosefta Zavim 5, 9; Betzah 7ᵃ.—Middoth 3, 8 א׳ של זהב a gold imitation of a cluster of grapes.—2) Transferred a distinguished scholar (opposite עַלִּיןleaves = the ignorant); see below. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 14, and elsewhere (play on the word) אׄישׁ שהכׄלׄ בו a man in whom all is contained, i.e. universality of knowledge.—plural אֶשְׁכּוֹלוֹת, אֶשְׁכֹּלוֹת. Chullin 92ᵃ א׳ שבה וכ׳ the grapes thereon (on the nation), that means the scholars; compare Vayikra Rabbah section 36.—Esp. the scholars of the early Maccabean period. Sotah 9, 9 (47ᵃ); Temurah 15ᵇ. Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 9, 24ᵃ top, see זוּגוֹת; Tosefta Bava Kamma 8, 13 אישכלות. Chaldaic אֶתְכָּלָא. ↗ original
אַשְׁכָּף edition, masculine (see אושכפא) [the saddler,] a genus of edible locusts. Chullin 65ᵇ להביא הא׳ to imply the ashkaf (among the סלעם). ↗ original
אשכפא , Kethuboth 77ᵇ גירדי דא׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition, read אַשְׁפָּא as in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) edition Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) under the word גרד, see note ibid. ↗ original
אֶשְׁכְּרָא (probably a denominative of כַּר) a wagon, wagon-load; [Biblical Hebrew gift, tribute; compare Isaiah 16, 1]. . Targum Isaiah 5, 10 (Hebrew text צמד). Targum 2 Esther 1, 3 א׳ ומרגליין (read דמ׳) loads (gifts) of etc. (after Psalms 72, 10). ↗ original
אֶשְׁכְּרוֹעַ (see Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus 408) box-tree or ebony tree [probably a denominative of אשך = חשך, compare גּוּשְׁקְרָא]. Nega'im 2, 1 כא׳ לא שחורים וכ׳ like the eshk’roa, neither black nor white but of an intermediate color. Bava Bathra 89ᵇ אשב׳ edition (correct accordingly, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note 30). Yoma 3, 9 (8) גורלות של א׳ ballot tablets of box-wood (compare Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Buxum); explained Yerushalmi (prefix) the same place (ibid.) 41ᵃ top פסקינין = פוקס׳ (πύξινον). ↗ original
אֶשְׁכְּרוֹעָא . Targum Isaiah 41, 19 (Hebrew text תאשור); 60, 13. Targum Ezek. 27, 6 (Hebrew text בת־אשורים!). ↗ original
אֶשְׁכַּרְתִּי (probably frequently its color, see the preceding) mole (?). Chullin 63ᵃ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) variant reading under the word קרפדאי; see בָּאוַת. ↗ original
אֵשֶׁל אשל to be firmly rooted, , see אשש; see Ges. H. Dictionary under the word) tamarisk, symbol of strength and eminence.—plural אֲשָׁלִים, const. אֶשְׁלֵי. Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 1, end, 8ᵃ א׳ דיינין וכ׳ the eminent (old) among the Babylonian scholars are but like the pidgeons (the young) among the Palestinean; compare Yerushalmi (prefix) Nedarim 6, 40ᵃ bottom of the page plantation, pleasure-garden, tent. Sotah 10ᵃ; Bereshith Rabbah section 54 end (referring to Genesis 21, 33, see Targum ad loc. (on the passage)).— proper noun Eshel, a river in Assyria. Sanhedrin 92ᵇ. Yalkut Shimoni Ezek. 376 אשור). ↗ original
אֶשְׁלָא as the preceding 1). Targum I Samuel 22, 6.—Pl. אַשְׁלֵי.—א׳ רברבי great men (see the preceding). Avodah Zarah 7ᵇ תליא בא׳ ר׳ it hangs on high tamarisks, i.e. originates from great men. Betzah 27ᵃ; Bava Bathra 31ᵇ ↗ original
אַשְׁלָא (שלי to draw up) rope, tow; net. Targum Job 18, 10; and elsewhere Gittin 69ᵃ א׳ דפוריא עתיקא a rope of an old litter. Kethuboth 85ᵃ ממתח לה בא׳ he pulled it with a rope. Bava Kamma 116ᵇ חד א׳ one rope’s length away from the shore.—plural אַשְׁלֵי, אַשְׁלַיָּא, אֲשַׁלְוָון. Targum Job 38, 31. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 10, 26; and elsewhere [Targum I Chronicles 1, 20 אוּשְׁלַיָּא.]—Bava Kamma the passage cited—Sukkah 16ᵃ משדא א׳ to twist ropes for a couch. Bava Metzia 107ᵇ; see מְתַח.—Bechoroth 8ᵇ אייתו א׳ וכ׳ bring ye ropes and measure. Kethuboth 67ᵃ, see קמחוניא. ↗ original
אַשְׁלֵג (שלג) a kind of alkali, or mineral used as a soap. Niddah 9, 6; Shabbath 9, 5; Sanhedrin 49ᵇ קמוניא וא׳ Munich manuscript a. other (edition אשלך). ↗ original
אַשְׁלְגָא Niddah 62ᵃ (explaining the ashleg of the Mishnah) א׳ שמיה וכ׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) שלגא) its name is ashl’ga, and it is found in the holes in which pearls sit, and is scraped out with an iron nail; Shabbath 90ᵃ שלגא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (Munich manuscript שולגא, edition שונאנא). 5. אֹצְרוֹת רוּחַ. ↗ original
אַשְׁלָמוּ (אַשְׁלְמָנוּתָא, plural אַשְׁלַמְוָותָא) feminine (שלם = Hebrew מִלֻּאִים) (finishing) fitting, setting. Targum Exodus 25, 7; 28, 17; and elsewhere initiation. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 8, 28. the same place (ibid.) 33; 34; and elsewhere Cmp. חִינּוּךְ. ↗ original
אָשַׁםto be waste (compare Ezek. 6, 6; Hosea 14, . Sanhedrin 97ᵃ יֶאֱשַׁם (in parall. passages יִשּׁוֹם); see גַּבְלָן. to neglect, be guilty.—Denom.: ↗ original
אָשָׁם (Biblical Hebrew) guilt; guilt-offering, asham, a special kind of offering.—א׳ תלוי (Leviticus 5, 18) an asham to be offered when you are in doubt as to the commission of a sinful active Kerith. 3, 1; and frequently; (the same place (ibid.) 17ᵇ different interpretation or differently interpreted opinion as to the nature of the doubt). the same place (ibid.) 6, 3 אֲשַׁם חסידים the asham offered by the over-scrupulous because they may have transgressed.—א׳ ודאי the asham for the undoubted commission of certain offenses, which are: a) אֲ׳ גזילות for illegal appropriation of private property (after pecuniary reparation; Leviticus 5, 25); b) אֲ׳ מעילות for misappropriation of sacred property (Leviticus 5, 16); c) אֲ׳ שפחה חרופה for carnal connection with a slave betrothed to another man (Leviticus 19, 21) ;—d) אֲ׳ נזיר offering of a nazarite when interrupting the days of vowed nazaritism by levitical impurity (Numbers 6, 12).—Devarim Rabbah section 1, beginning (alluding to וַאֲשִׂמֵם Deuteronomy 1, 13) וְאַשְׁמָם כתיב it is so written that you may read v’ashmam (and their guilt); if you listen not to them אשמה תלוי וכ׳ (read אשמם) their guilt shall fall upon your heads (you will be answerable for what offenses they may commit); different interpretation or differently interpreted in Sifré Deuteronomy 13. [Our Bible editions, however, read ואשימם, plene.]—plural אֲשָׁמוֹת. Kerith. 6, 4. Sifré the passage cited; and frequently ↗ original
אֲשָׁמָא (= Hebrew אָשָׁם) guilt, guilt-offering. Targum Onkelos Leviticus 5, 15; and frequently—plural אֲשָׁמִין. Targum 2 Chronicles, Book of 28, 10. ↗ original
אַשְׁמַאי (see אָשַׁםwaste (in mind); ignorant, neglected; compare בּוֹר. Kiddushin 32ᵇ זקן א׳ an uncultured, rough old man. Sifra to Parah 3, Chaldaic (Aramaic) 7 אשמיי (as noun). Cmp. אַשְׁמָה. ↗ original
אַשְׁמְדַאי (Pers. Aêshma, Aêsh-madaô, Kohut Jüd. Angel. p. 72; Rapap. Er. Mill. under the word) Ashm’day, chief of demons. Targum Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 1, 12.—Pesachim 110ᵃ. Gittin 68ᵃ. Bamidbar Rabbah section 11; and elsewhere ↗ original
אַשְׁמָהnegligence, guilt. Shekalim 6, 6.—Bereshith Rabbah section 49 זקני א׳ וכ׳ elders in coarseness (compare אַשְׁמַאי) which is (in Chaldaic) elders of shame.—plural אֲשָׁמוֹת, see אָשָׁם. ↗ original
אַשְׁמוֹרָהnight-watch, watch, a certain portion (three or four hours) of the day, called a watch (see Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858 under the word Castra). Berachoth 1, 1 סוף הא׳ וכ׳ the end of the first watch of the night; and frequently—plural אַשְׁמוֹרוֹת. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 2ᵈ top ארבע(ה) א׳ וכ׳ the day is divided into four watches, and so is the night; compare Babylonian Berachoth 3ᵃ ↗ original
אַשְׁמָיָאAshmaya, in the district of Tyre. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 2, 22ᵈ top (corruption; for ראש מיא read: דא׳); Tosefta Shevi'ith 4, 9 דשמיא edition Zuckermandel (Tosefta ed.) (variant reading דא׳). ↗ original
אֲשַׁן (√אש, see אשש; compare אֵיתָן, אִית, יֵש, אִישׁ) to be substantial, dense, strong, hard.—participle (as adjective) אָשִׁין, אֲשִׁינָא Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition, Munich manuscript אָשׁוּן, אֲשׁוּנָא). Chullin 136ᵇ, opposite רכיך. the same place (ibid.) 76ᵃ. Shabbath 155ᵃ חרובין דאשיני וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (Munich manuscript אשונא, edition אקושי) carob fruits which are hard … aftermath which is hard (dry). Cmp. יָשָׁן. ↗ original
אָשְׁנָאAshna, supposed to be near Tyre. Esther Rabbah to 1, 4 (variant reading אָשְׁנָה). ↗ original
אַשָּׁף to Levy Talmud Dictionary 1, 283ᵇ) enchanter, (astrologer).—plural אַשָּׁפִים. Tanchuma Mikketz 2 (referring to Daniel 2, 2) לא׳ אלו שדוחק׳ במזל the Ashshafim, these are those who press (lay stress) upon the planetary constellation, שכן א׳ לשון דחק for the root ashaf means to press (referring to שאף, Amos 8, 4). ↗ original
אַשָּׁף ² Daniel 2, 10.—plural אָשְׁפִין, אָשְׁפַיָּא. the same place (ibid.) 2, 27; 5, 11; 4, 4. ↗ original
אַשְׁפָּה , to heap up, compare Isaiah 13, 2, Psalms 22, 16) pile, dunghill. Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 1, 25ᵈ bottom of the page אי׳. Chullin 12ᵃ; and frequently—שער הא׳ (Biblical Hebrew ש׳ האשפת, ש׳ השפת) Hill Gate, name of a Jerusalem gate. Shabbath 15ᵃ; and frequently—plural אַשְׁפּוֹת. Shemoth Rabbah section 10 ארבע א׳ four heaps (of dead frogs, = Biblical Hebrew חמרים); and frequently—Euphem. מערה לא׳using means to prevent conception (applied to both man a. woman). Kethuboth 7, 5. (the same place (ibid.) 72ᵃ, according to Boraitha, literally, ‘to draw water and pour it out on the dunghill’—as a foolish act). Bereshith Rabbah section 85, referring to Genesis 38, 7.—[Homiletic interpretation of בני אשפתו, Lamentations 3, 13, ‘the sons of those laid low’ (conquered); Echah Rabbah ad loc. (on the passage), Esther Rabbah to 1, 1ᵇ, see אוֹפִיכָא, אוּכַּיְיפָא.] ↗ original
אַשְׁפְּלָה (= Hebrew מַשְׁפֶּלֶת which see) basket, as a measure, compare טְעוּנָא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 2, 22ᵈ top of the page—plural אַשְׁפְּלָתָה. Ibid. (edition אפשלתה, correct accordingly). ↗ original
אֶשְׁפָּרa goodly piece (compare דָּשְׁנָא), a certain quantity of meat, eshpar. Pesachim 36ᵇ א׳ אחד וכ׳ an eshpar is one sixth of a bullock (as if composed of שש and פר; compare אֶסְפָּר). ↗ original
אַשְׁפָּרָא (שפר) the scourer of dresses. plural אַשְׁפָּרֵי. Avodah Zarah 20ᵇ (Munich manuscript אשפירי, edition אַשְׁפּוֹרֵי). ↗ original
אַשְׁפֹּת , see אַשְׁפָּה) heap, pile, dunghill. plural אַשְׁפַּתּוֹת, אִישְׁ׳. Shevi'ith 3, 2.—Sotah 42ᵇ אי׳ אי׳ של וכ׳ piles of slain. ↗ original
אַשְׁקוּקָהashkukah, a fictitious word as a disguise of שְׁבוּעָה, oath, I swear (compare אֲלִיקִי, אֱיפוֹפֵי). Nedarim 10ᵇ א׳ לא אמר כלום if one says ashkukah, he has said nothing (his vow is not binding); see שְׁקוּקָה. ↗ original
אַשְׁקְלוֹן (Biblical Hebrew) Ashkelon, a Philistian town. Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 6, 36ᶜ; Sifré Deuteronomy 51, see גִּינְּתָא; and elsewhere—Deriv. אַשְׁקְלוֹנִי masculine Ashkelonian. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 1, 15ᶜ top of the page—plural אַשְׁקְלוֹנִים, נִין … Kelim 13, 7 Ashk. levers; and elsewhere ↗ original
אַשְׁקַלְתָּא (שקל) transaction, sale. Bava Bathra 48ᵇ signed as one of the witnesses אמודעא ואא׳ both on the owner’s protest against the forced sale and on the deed of sale. ↗ original
אִשְׁקָק (see שְׁקָקָא) open place, street. Targum 2 Esther 6, 9; and elsewhere—Yerushalmi (prefix) Taanith 3, 66ᶜ bottom of the page—plural אִשְׁקָקֵי etc. Targum Esther 9, 14 א׳ מלכא the royal markets. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) I Deuteronomy 29, 16; and elsewhere ↗ original
אֲשֶׁר ; see Ges. H. Dictionary under the word, as to opinions on etymol.) [being,] who, which. Berachoth 11ᵇ א׳ בחר וכ׳ who hast chosen us; and very frequently (in prayer formulas).—In Talmud mostly prefix-שֶׁ. ↗ original
אָשַׁר , see אשש) to exist, be strong, happy; see יָשַׁר. Pi'el פִּעֵל אִישֵּׁר, אִשֵּׁר (Biblical Hebrew) to exalt, praise, declare happy. Pesikta Rabbati section 45 התחיל מְאַשְּׁרֵם he commenced by declaring them happy; see אַשְׁרֵי. to substantiate; to verify, attest to. Bamidbar Rabbah section 14 לאַשֵּׁר את הדין to give strength to the legal decision Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 9, 50ᶜ bottom of the page (אישרניהי) אִישַּׁרְנוּהוּ we have verified it in the presence of etc.—participle passive מְאוּשָּׁר 1) firm, strong. Bereshith Rabbah section 15, beginning the bux-tree is called תְּאַשּׁוּר because it is מא׳ וכ׳ the strongest of all (compare אֵשֶׁל). Yerushalmi (prefix) Sukkah 3, 54ᵃ top; Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 72ᵃ top המא׳ שבכלן וכ׳ the strongest (expression) of all, is Hallelujah.—2) substantial, good, rich. Bereshith Rabbah section 90, end (referring to את כל אֲשֶׁר Genesis 41, 56) המְאוּשָּׁרִין שבהם the best stores of all. Bereshith Rabbah section 28.—Sanhedrin 22ᵃ is called Ashurith שמְאוּשֶּׁרֶת בכתב because its characters are substantial (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) שמאושר); Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 1, 71ᵇ bottom of the page; Yerushalmi (prefix) Sotah 7, 21ᶜ top of the page Hithpa'el הִתְפַּעֵל הִתְאַשֵּׁרto be set up, be erected. Sifra K’dosh. beginning (play on אֲשֵׁרִים) על שם שהם מִתְאַשְּׁרִים מאחרים because they are put up by others. ↗ original
אֲשַׁר [Ithpeel אִיתְּשַׁר to be strengthened. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Deuteronomy 10, 2 יַיתְשַׁר, probably to be read יִתְיַשַּׁר, see ישר.] Pa'el פִּעֵל אַשַּׁרto make strong. Kethuboth 10ᵇ; Gittin 70ᵃ (dates) מְאַשְּׁרָן give strength. to confirm, verify; also to credit, (consider true). Kethuboth 21ᵃ אַשַּׁרְנוּהִי וכ׳ we verified it etc., see the preceding—Gittin 30ᵇ (proverb) חברך מית א׳ וכ׳ if you are told, ‘your friend is dead’, believe it; ‘your friend has grown rich’ לא תְאַשַּׁר don’t trust. ↗ original
אֶשֶׁר (Biblical Hebrew), only in plur. construct state אַשְׁרֵי the happiness of!, happy is he, are they etc. Pesachim 117ᵃ; and frequently—Midrash Tehillim to Psalms 84 אַשְׁרַאי happy am 1.—Yoma 8, 9 אַשְׁרֵיכֶם happy are ye. the same place (ibid.) 87ᵃ אַשְׁרֵיהֶם לצדיקים happy are the righteous; and frequently ↗ original
אַשְּׁרָאֵי (see אֲשַׁר Pa'el) sale on trust, debts for goods sold. Pesachim 113ᵃ כל א׳ וכ׳ in all sales on trust it is doubtful, whether it (the money) will be forthcoming or not, and if it is, it is bad money, (partial payment, bad coins &c).—Bava Metzia 63ᵇ אית ליה א׳ וכ׳ he has debts to collect. Bava Bathra 22ᵃ אית לן א׳ וכ׳ we have outstanding debts to collect (and we must stay until we have collected them). ↗ original
אֲשַׁרְתָּא (אֲשַׁר) strength! health!, a greeting extended to laboring men; compare אַיְשַׁר. Gittin 62ᵃ ↗ original
אַשַּׁרְתָּא (אשר) legal attestation. Kethuboth 21ᵇ, and elsewhere א׳ דדייני the attestation by judges (Hebrew אַשָּׁרַת הדיינין, see אַשָּׁרָה). Bava Bathra 163ᵃ בין עדים לא׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) a. manuscript אשרא) the space between the signature of the witnesses and the legal attestation. (compare אַשְּׁרָאֵי) outstanding debts for goods sold. Gittin 14ᵃ Rabbenu Shimshon had א׳ דסרבלי וכ׳ money outstanding in Maḥuza for garments sold. ↗ original
אָשַׁשׁ root or radix) (√אש) to glitter, be polished; see אֵשׁ a. next words (sec. root or radix of אוּשׁ) to be thick, substantial; to be pressed, dark, see אשן, אשונא, אשות, אשל, אשר etc. Pi'el פִּעֵל אִישֵּׁשׁto make firm, found. participle passive מְאוּשָּׁשׁ. Pesikta d'Rav Kahana Baḥod. p. 101ᵇ; Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 2, 5 (play on ăshishoth, Song of Songs the passage cited) הלכות המְאוּשָּׁשׁוֹת well-founded decisions. 5. אוּשׁ אוּשָּׁא. ↗ original
אֶשֶׁשׁ (the preceding 1) a crystal or ball reflecting the light, reflector (see next word). Yerushalmi (prefix) Rosh Hashanah 2, 58ᵃ bottom of the page if the reflection of the moon has been seen בא׳ ובמים in a reflecting glass or in water. ↗ original
אִשְׁתִּיתָאIshtitha. Eruvin 52ᵃ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אישתתא, variant reading אישתו׳, manuscript אישתי׳; see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage)) ↗ original
אִשְׁתְּמוֹדַע 1 (see next word) to satisfy one’s self from the evidence of friends, to have one identified. Yevamoth 39ᵇ אשתמודעיניה דאחוה וכ׳ Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אישתמודעינהו) we satisfied ourselves about him that he is the brother etc. to recognise. Targum Genesis 42, 7; 8; and frequently to be recognized, known. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Exodus 21, 36; and frequently to introduce one’s self, to befriend. Targum Ruth. 2, 19; and elsewhere ↗ original
אִשְׁתְּמוֹדַע 2 (Ishtaf. of the form מוֹדַע) one who proved himself a friend, acquaintance. Targum Ruth 2, 1; 3, 2. ↗ original
אִשְׁתְּמוֹדָעוּתָא (see the preceding) partiality, preferment. Targum Isaiah 3, 9 (Hebrew text הכרת פנים). that by which one is recognized, distinctive feature. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Genesis 49, 5 (Hebrew text מְכֵרוֹת׳ = מַכָּרוֹת׳). ↗ original
אִשְׁתְּמָמוּ (שמם) desolation. Targum Zephaniah, Book of 2, 13; and elsewhere ↗ original
אֶשְׁתְּסַר (contracted of אשתא עסר, compare ארביסר) sixteen. Targum I Chronicles 4, 27; and elsewhere ↗ original
אִשְׁתַּעֲמָמוּ (שעמם) devastation. Targum 2 Chronicles, Book of 29, 8. ↗ original
אֶשְׁתָּקַד (contracted of (contracted of שַׁתָּא קַדְמָאָה) last year; compare אֶשְׁתָּדָא. Yerushalmi (prefix) Gittin 3, end, 45ᵇ ישן משל א׳ ‘old produces’ means last year’s crop. Betzah 5ᵇ; and frequently (contracted of שַׁעְתָּא קַדְ׳) previously, ere this. Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) Leviticus 16, 21. ↗ original
א"תAthbash, a method of interchanging the first letter of the Alphabet (א) with the last (ת), the second (ב) with the last but one (ש), the third from the beginning (ג) with the third from the end (ר), etc. Bamidbar Rabbah section 13.—Bamidbar Rabbah section 18 ששך באת"בש בבל Sheshach (Jeremiah 25, 26) represents Babel by the rule of athbash↗ original
אִתְ־ formative prefix of the Ithpaal, Ithpeel and Ithpo., and corresponding nouns; in Talmud mostly אִיתְ־; compare אִסְ־ a. אִיסְ־. [For words not to be found here see supply (understood word) אִיתְ־, a. vice versa.] ↗ original
אַתְּ common gender (Biblical Hebrew אַתְּ feminine; contracted of אנת) thou. Targum Genesis 3, 11; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 1, 19ᵃ top ואת מר הכן and thou sayest so?—[In Talmudic argumentation (אתה) את אומר; Chaldaic (Aramaic) את אמר, את מרthou sayest, את צווח ליהthou callest it, frequently applied to Scripture texts as though addressing an opponent.] Vayikra Rabbah section 10, end ואת אומר אל פתח וכ׳ and yet the Scripture says, ‘To the entrance of the Tabernacle’! i.e. how is this possible?—Yerushalmi (prefix) Pesachim 5, 32ᶜ את מר והיה לאבק Scripture says ‘And it shall turn into dust’.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kilayim 8, 31ᵇ top הן דאת אמר לא אמרה למה את אמר, [add the respective bibl. verses after each אמר a. read אמרת for אמרה] there where it reads, ‘thou shalt not’ etc. (Leviticus 19, 19), the text gives no reason why; therefore it is repeated (Deuteronomy 22, 9 adding the reason); and frequently—[דאת אמר contracted דַּתְּ מַר which see]—plural (תּוּן) אַתּוּן, (אַתּוּ) masculine אַתֵּין feminine ye. Targum Psalms 114, 6 דאתון manuscript (omitted in edition, and third person). Targum Isaiah 3, 14. Targum Ezek. 13, 20; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Sanhedrin 6, 23ᵈ top ומה תון בעון (read בעתון) and what is it ye want? Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 12, 35ᵃ אתון אמרתון ye said so; and frequently—Sanhedrin 109ᵃ דאַתּוּ גנבי (see Rashi ad loc. (on the passage), manuscript דגנבי אית בכו, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage) note) that ye are thieves. 5. אַתָּה, אַנְתְּ. ↗ original
אָת common gender (= Biblical Hebrew אוֹת; frequently תאה, or תאו, sec. root or radix of אה or או; as to reject. of radical ו or ה, compare אב, אח etc.) sign, type; letter (see אוֹת 2). Targum Exodus 13, 16; and frequently—Targum Isaiah 7, 11; and frequently—plural אָתִין, אָתַיָּא. Targum Genesis 1, 14. Targum Psalms 74, 4; and elsewhere—אַתְוָון, אַתְיָין, אַתְוָותָא, אַתְוָאן, (אָתָן) אַתְיָיתָא. Targum Psalms the passage cited Targum Onkelos Numbers 2, 2 edition Berlin edition אַתְיַן, variant reading אָתְיָן, אַתְוָון; Yerushalmi (prefix) אתוון (see Berlin edition Targum Onkelos 2, p. 39); and frequently—Koheleth Rabbah to 1, 13 ה׳ אתואן five letters of acrostics.—אַתְוָיֵי (אַתְוֵוי, אִיתְוֵי). Bamidbar Rabbah section 13, end א׳ דידין וכ׳ the letters composing the one word (קערת) are the same as those composing the other (קרעת). ↗ original
אֵת [essence], a particle of the objective case, but also used as a noun, the thing (which) (compare Ecclesiastes (Koheleth) 4, 3, see אוֹת 3). Oholoth 2, 4 את ש … עליו that upon which … Zevachim 72ᵇ; Betzah 3ᵇ את שדרכו למנות שנינו we read (Orlah 3, 7) that which it is customary to count singly, opposite כל שדרכו וכ׳ whatever is sometimes counted singly; and frequently—Berachoth 1, 1 קורין את שמע we read the Sh’ma’, and very frequently—[The fact that את as a particle of the objective case may be dispensed with, and that את (frequently אתתto join) may have the meaning of with, gave rise to a method of Biblical interpretation by which, wherever את occurs in the Bible, especially in laws, an amplification by implication is looked for.] Pesachim 22ᵇ את לרבות וכ׳ the word eth (Deuteronomy 10, 20 [with] the Lord thy God thou shalt fear [some one else] intimates that we must pay reverence to the scholars next to God. the same place (ibid.) ואידך את לא דריש and as to the other authority (that differs)? He does not interpret eth (as having a particular meaning); and frequently—plural אֵתִים, אֵתִין the word eth occurring in Scripture, as a substratum for interpretation. the same place (ibid.) היה דורש כל א׳ וכ׳ used to interpret every eth in the Law; and frequently Bamidbar Rabbah section 10 זו אחת מג׳ א׳ וכ׳ this is one of the three eths etc. ↗ original
אֲתָא (Biblical Hebrew אתה, אתא; sec. root or radix of אוֹת I which see) [to join,] to come, to arrive; to occur to. Targum Genesis 19, 9; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 3, 17ᵈ bottom of the page אתאי עובדא וכ׳ the case came before … Bereshith Rabbah section 68 (referring to Genesis 28, 11) א׳ שמשא the Sun (Jacob) has arrived. Sanhedrin 98ᵇ יֵיתֵי ולא איחמיניה he (the Messiah) will come, but I do not desire to live to see him (to pass through the trials preceding his arrival).—תֵּיתֵי לי ד־ may it come home to me that I did—, i.e. I believe to have merited divine reward. Megillah 28ᵃ; and frequently—ייתי עלי דלא may it come home to me that I did not—; a formula of assurance, surely, indeed. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 5ᶜ bottom of the page; and frequently; (see יבוא עלי, under the word בּוֹא).—Yerushalmi (prefix) Shevi'ith 6, 36ᶜ top ייתי ד־ (supply (understood word) עלי).—Imperat. תָּא (Yerushalmi (prefix) אִיתָא). Gittin 57ᵃ, and frequently תא חזי; Yerushalmi (prefix) Demai 6, 25ᵇ top איתא חמי; in Babylonian usually תא שמע (abbr. ת"ש) come and see, come and hear, i.e. I will prove it.—אַתְיָא כ־ it comes like, i.e. it is in accordance with the opinion of.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Nazir 6, 54ᵈ bottom of the page; and very frequently—וַתְּיָיא = ואתיא. Ibid.ᶜ bottom of the page ותייא כהדא דתני חזקיה (edition Krot. incorr. ותניא) תִּי.—Yerushalmi (prefix) Kethuboth 4, 28ᵈ top ותאיין וכ׳ (read ואתיין) and those differences of opinion correspond to …—אתיא פקידה פקידה the expression pakad occurs in two Biblical passages, אתיא זכירה זכירה and the expression zakhar occurs in two passages, i.e. draw an analogy between the respective Bible laws in which the same expressions are used, so as to cast a light upon each other. Rosh Hashanah 11ᵃ; and frequently [אתא נסיא Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 2, 73ᵇ, and elsewhere, read אֲתָאנַסְיָא which see] [Targum Yerushalmi (Yonathan) 2, Deuteronomy 33, 16 יַתְיַן, 3rd pers. fem. fut.] Af'el הִפְעִיל אַיְתִי, אֵיתִי, , אַיְיתִיto bring, carry, cause to come. Targum Genesis 4, 3; and frequently—מנא תיתי (מהיכא, מנן) whence wilt thou bring (evidence), how will you prove it? Yerushalmi (prefix) Bava Metzia 3, beginning 9ᵃ; and very frequently—מַיְיתָה, מַיְיתִי, מֵיתֵיbringing, to bring. Yerushalmi (prefix) Peah 1, 15ᶜ top בעי מ׳ וכ׳ he desired to bring it to them. the same place (ibid.) לא יכילת מייתותי׳ I cannot bring it.—לַיְיתֵי, לֵיְתֵי let him bring. Shabbath 109ᵇ; and frequently—לאַיְתוּיֵי, לַאֲתוּיֵי (compare אֵת) to bring in, to include, opposite לאפוקי; see אַפֵּק. לא׳ מאי what is to be implied (in addition to what is explicitly stated)? Temurah 2ᵃ הכל לאי׳ מאי what does hakkol (all) come to imply? and frequently—Haf.הַיְיתִי same. Daniel 5, 13; and elsewhere Ittaf. הֻפְעַל אִתֵּיתִי (אִתּוֹתִי, אִתַּתִי) to be brought, offered. Targum Genesis 33, 11. Targum Leviticus 13, 2; and elsewhere ↗ original
*אָתָא 3 the constellation called the Great Bear, Ursa Major. Berachoth 58ᵇ Munich manuscript (edition יוֹתָא, see Rabbinovicz, Dikduke Soferim ad loc. (on the passage), a. Ges. H. Dictionary under the word עָשׁ). ↗ original
אֲתָאנַסְיָא (ἀθανασία) immortality. Shir HaShirim Rabbah to 1, 3 (referr. to על־מות, Psalms 48, 15) תרגם עק׳ א׳ וכ׳ Aquila translates it athanasia(אל־מות), a world in which there is no death; Yerushalmi (prefix) Megillah 2, 73ᵇ אתא נסיא (combine into one word); Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 83ᵇ bottom of the page Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) (edition אתנא סירא correct accordingly); Vayikra Rabbah section 11, end (edition incorr. transp.). ↗ original
אַתָּה , , see אָנֹכִי) thou. Berachoth 11ᵃ; and frequently—אתה אומר, see אַתְּ.—plural אַתֶּם, אַתֶּןye. Berachoth 1, 1; and frequently—Rosh Hashanah 25ᵃ א׳ א׳ א׳ ג׳ פעמים וכ׳ three times attem is written (אֹתָם, without ו); see אֲפִילּוּ. Sifra Emor 9, 9; and frequently ↗ original
אַתּוּנָא 2 (אתן, sec. root or radix of אות, see אִית) (compare אשן, עשן, אשונא) fire-place, stove. Targum Exodus 19, 18; and elsewhere—Kethuboth 67ᵇ ההוא א׳ וכ׳ a fire-place of which the fire has been scraped out. Esther Rabbah to 1, 12 זרוק גופר׳ באתוניה cast sulphur into his stove i.e. inflame his passion. ↗ original
אֱתוּנָא (see the preceding, = Hebrew אישון) density, intensiveness, essence. Targum Proverbs 20, 20 איך א׳ דחשוכא as darkness itself (Hebrew text באישון with ב). Cmp. אֵיתָן. ↗ original
אַתּוּר Targum Genesis 2, 14; and elsewhere—Deriv. אֲתוּרָאָה, אֲתוּרָיָיהAssyrian. the same place (ibid.) 10, 11; and elsewhere ↗ original
אַתִּינָס (Ἀθῆναι, according—ας) Athens, the capital of Attica; in Talmud liter. frequently mentioned for wisdom and wit. Bechoroth 8ᵇ סבי דבי אתו׳ the elders (sages) of the Athenian school. Echah Rabbah to 1, 1, under the word Rabbathi, frequently אתינה a. אתינס. ↗ original
אִתְכְּנָעוּ (כְּנַע) humiliation. Targum Jeremiah 3, 25; and elsewhere ↗ original
אִתְכַּפְיָאִיתָא (כפי) bending. Midrash Proverbs to 22, 6 אית לה א׳ can be bent. ↗ original
אַתְלִיטֵיס (ἀθλήτης) athlete, prize-fighter. Bereshith Rabbah section 77 לא׳ (Aruch (Sefer HeArukh) variant reading להַ׳).—plural אַתְלִיטִין. Bereshith Rabbah section 22.—אַתְלִיטִים Shemoth Rabbah section 21, end. Ylamdenu Emor (quoted in Aruch (Sefer HeArukh)) תוקעין תחלה ואח"כ האתליטין נכנסין first the trumpet is blown (signal), and then the fighters enter (metaphor of the sounding of the Shofar on the New Year, conquest of sin on the Day of Atonement, and carrying the palm on Succoth; see בָּאיָין). ↗ original
אֶתְמְהָא (תמה) strangeness; strange! it sounds curious; sometimes used as a mere exclamation mark. Bereshith Rabbah section 4 ויעש א׳ וכ׳ and God made?! Is it not by his word that things were created? Bereshith Rabbah section 5. Pesikta Rabbati section 31; and frequently ↗ original
אֶתְמוֹל , see הֲלָה) yesterday, on a previous occasion. Yerushalmi (prefix) Betzah 2, 61ᵇ bottom of the page; and frequently ↗ original
אתנא , Yerushalmi (prefix) Moed Katan 3, 83ᵇ bottom of the page א׳ סירא, see אֲתָאנַסְיָא↗ original
אַתְנָאshe-ass. Targum Numbers 22, 21; and frequently—plural אַתְנָן, אַתְנֵי (אתניי), אֲתָנַיָּא (אַתָּ׳). Targum Genesis 32, 15. Targum I Samuel 9, 3; and elsewhere ↗ original
אַתְּנוּ = אַתְּ אִינְהוּthou art it. Yerushalmi (prefix) Yevamoth 15, 15ᵃ ↗ original
אַתְקַפְתָּא (תקף) seizing; whence refutation, objection. Bava Bathra 129ᵃ; Chagigah 9ᵇ א׳ ד־ objection raised by … ↗ original
אָתַר common gender (= אתאר, denominative of אֲתָא, corresp. to Hebrew מָקוֹם, frequently קוּם) place, town. Targum Genesis 22, 3; and frequently—Berachoth 63ᵃ. Bereshith Rabbah section 39 (proverb) מבית לבית וכ׳ removal from house to house (costs) a shirt;—from town to town, a life. Shemoth Rabbah section 45, end אַתְרִי טפלה לי וכ׳ my (the Lord’s) place is an accidental attribute to me, but I am not accidental to my place; compare מָקוֹם.—Nedarim 49ᵃ, and frequently מר כי אַתְרֵיה וכ׳ the one follows the custom of his place and the other that of his. Bava Bathra 124ᵇ לאתרין to our place.—plural אַתְרִין, אַתְרַיָּא. Targum Judges 19, 13; and frequently—Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 2, 4ᶜ מן א׳ סגין from many places (passages, authorities); Pesikta Rabbati section 22 היגיס אחריו (correct accordingly)—Denom. אַתְרוּתָאlocal custom. plural אֲתַרְוָותָא. Gittin 89ᵃ א׳ נינהו the customs of the places are divided.—בַּאֲתַר, בְּאַתְרֵיin place of, instead; in consequence of, because of, for (corresp to Hebrew תַּחַת). Targum 2 Chronicles 6, 10; and frequently—Targum Job 8, 4; and frequently—5. בָּתַר.—על אתר (contracted אַלְתַּר which see) on the spot, presently. Yerushalmi (prefix) Berachoth 1, 3ᶜ. the same place (ibid.) 2, 4ᵇ, and frequently ↗ original
אִתְרַבְרָבוּתָא (רברב, Palp. of רב) boast, pride. Targum Zechariah 12, 7; and elsewhere ↗ original
אֶתְרוֹג (תרג = שרג which see) [the shining,] Ethrog, a kind of orange or citron used with the festive wreath on the Feast of Booths (= פרי עץ הדר Leviticus 23, 40; see Targum). Sukkah 3, 5; and frequently Bereshith Rabbah section 15. Vayikra Rabbah section 30, end.—plural אֶתְרוֹגִין. Maasroth 1, 4. Sukkah 4, 9 באֶתְרוֹגֵיהֶן with their ethrogim (which they had brought into the Temple); and elsewhere ↗ original
אֶתְרוּנְגָּא (an affected pronunciation of אֶתְרוֹגָא; see תְּרוּנְגָּא; Pers. turundj) = אֶתְרוֹגָא. Kiddushin 70ᵃ כל האומר א׳ וכ׳ whoever says Ethrunga betrays a third (goodly) portion of haughtiness; either say Ethrog (hebr.) as the Rabbis do, or Ethroga (Chaldaic (Aramaic)) as the people do. Cmp. גּוּנְדְּרִיתָא. ↗ original