אאלר"ן , a fictitious word made up of each third letter in מנאׄ מנאׄ תקלׄ ופרׄסיןׄ (Dan. V, 25). Snh. 22ᵃ; Cant. R. to III, 4 ממתו"ס וכ׳ the inscription on the wall was so arranged as to form words composed of its every first, every second and every third letter respectively. ↗ expanded
אַב־ a prefix of words of Greek origin answering to αὐ-, au-, e.g. אבטומטוס = αὐτόματος; or to εὐ, e.g. אבגינוס = εὐγενής. ↗ expanded
אָב 1 (Assyr. A-bu, Schr. K. A. T., p. 247) Ab, the fifth month of the Jewish calendar (of thirty days) beginning between the eighth of July and the seventh of August, and ending between the sixth of August and the fifth of September. R. Hash. I, 3, על אב וכ׳ for announcing the beginning of Ab messengers are sent out, for the sake of the fast. Ib. 18ᵇ ט׳ באב the ninth of Ab, anniversary of Temple destruction. Taan. IV, 6 משנכנס אב with the beginning of Ab. Ib. 29ᵇ לישתמיט מיניה באב let him try to be relieved of (the law-suit) in Ab. Meg. 5ᵇ; a. e. ↗ expanded
אָב 2 , const. אֲבִי, אַב [embracer], father, ancestor, progenitor; teacher; chief, leader; author, originator. Ex. R. s. 46 end המגדל אב the educator is the real father. Lev. R. s. 1 אבי החכמה וכ׳, the father of all wisdom, … the father of prophets. Y. Ned. V, 39ᵇ; a. fr.—אַב בית דין (abbr. אב"ד) president of the Court (Great Sanhedrin), next in dignity to the Nassi. Taan. II, 1; a. fr.—Metaph. origin, cause. Num. R. s. 10 (play on אֲבוֹי, Prov. XXIII, 29) א׳ אוי the cause of woe (sin).—אב מלאכה (for which also עיקר) one of the chief labors forbidden on the Sabbath, opp. תולדה a labor the prohibition of which is based on the ground of its being a species of the former, or derived from the former. Sabb. VII, 1 sq.; a. fr.—[Y. Sabb. II, 5ᵃ, אב שלה, sub. מלאכה.]—אב הטומאה one of the original or direct causes of levitical uncleanness, opp. ולד (child) secondary cause. Toh. I, 5; a. fr.—א׳ הנזק v. Pl.—בנין א׳ creation of a class, i.e. a conclusion, by analogy, from a case explicitly stated in the bibl. law on all similar cases not specified in detail. Sifra introd.—Ib. K’doshim, end, ch. 11 (ref. to Lev. XX, 27) זה ב׳ א׳ לכל דמיהם בם this forms the rule for all cases in which the Bible uses the word d’mēhem bam (that the penalty is stoning to death); a. fr.; v. also בֵּית אב.—Pl. אָבוֹת־, const. אֲבוֹת, fathers, ancestors, patriarchs &c. Ber. 26ᵇ prayers א׳ תקנום have been instituted by the Patriarchs; a. fr.—אבות בתי דינין, v. supra. Ḥag. II, 2.—בת א׳ a woman of noble descent. Num. R. s. 1; a. e.—Metaph. principal, chiefא׳ מלאכות, v. supra. א׳ הטומא׳ Kel. I, 1; v. supra.—א׳ נזיקין (sing. אב הנזק) the chief actionable injuries or damages, from which the subordinate are deduced (תולדות). B. Kam. I, 1; a. e. Aboth, the first section of the Prayer of Benedictions (v. תְּפִלָּה), so called because it alludes to the Patriarchs. R. Hash. IV, 5; a. fr. Aboth, name of a treatise of the Mishnah, containing sayings of Talmudic authorities and belonging to the fourth section, נזיקין, of the Mishnah collection (משניות); also styled פִּרְקֵי א׳ a. מְסֶכֶת א׳. A similar collection of a later date is contained in Talmud Babli editions, named א׳ דרבי נתןAboth d’Rabbi Nathan. [Y. Yoma VIII, 44ᵈ top אב בית נפש v. אֲבֵידָה.] ↗ expanded
אֵבswelling, spreading, whence the young shoots of a tree, opp. to the branches growing directly from the trunk. B. Kam. 81ᵃ אִיבּוֹ של אילן ed. (Ar. a. Ms. חובו, v. חוֹב II, cmp. Rashi a. l.). [Y. Erub. III, 21ᵃ top איבו; Y. Succ. II, 53ᵃ צידו.] pl. אִבִּין, אִיבִּיןstate of growth, development. Ḥull. 58ᵃ cascuta which became wormy באִבֶּיהָ during its growth. Ib. 127ᵇ figs which shrunk באִבֵּיהֶן during development. Y. Sabb. VII, 10ᶜ bot. he who presses olives מאִבֵּיהֶן from where they grow (before they are ripe to be taken off). [Tosef. Maasr. I, 4 איבין אדומים, Var. אובין, read אוּגִין, v. אוֹג.] Ib. 5 they differ על האיבין concerning the plants in their growing state (between ripening [גמר] and blossoming [הנץ]; Var. אוֹנין incorr.); cmp. יָבַן. Ch. v. אִיבָּא I. ↗ expanded
אַבָּא 1 . Targ. Gen. XVII, 4. Targ. O. ib. XLI, 43; a. fr.—Freq. אַבָּא (also in Hebr. phraseol.) my father. Snh. III, 2. B. Bath. IX, 3; a. fr. Meg. 12ᵇ אהורייריה דא׳ my father’s steward. אבי א׳my grandfather. Ber. 10ᵃ bot.—Snh. 113ᵃ bot. א׳ אליהו father Elijah (sarcastically).—אָבוֹהֵ ד־, אָבוֹי ד־ N.’s father. Ber. 18ᵇ; Y. B. Mets. IV, 9ᶜ top; a. fr.—א׳ סב, א׳ רבהgrandfather. Targ. II, Esth. VII, 10. Yeb. 21ᵇ.—Trnsf. origin, source. Sabb. 22ᵃ אֲבוּהוֹן דכולהון דם the source of all analogous cases is the law about blood (that you must cover it from a sense of propriety).—Pl. אֲבָהָן, אֲבָהָתָא Targ. Y. Deut. XXIV, 16. Targ. I Chr. I, 2; a. fr. Men. 53ᵃ בר א׳ of distinguished birth.—Kidd. 83ᵃ; a. fr.—[אֲבָהֵי Targ. Prov. XIX, 14 Ms.; read with ed. Wil. אבהן; oth. ed. אבהו corr. acc.] ↗ expanded
אַבָּא 2 (בָּא, וָוא, וָוה in Y.) pr. n. m. Abba, (Ba, Va), a frequent name. [Sometimes distinguished persons go by that name, being orig. a title (v. next w.) while their real names are dropped; v. esp. Ber. 18ᵇ בעינא א׳ I want Abba &c.] The most distinguished are א׳ אריכא, v. רַב. רב א׳ v. רָבָא. (בר בא) א׳ בר אבהו Abba bar Abbahu (Ba), father of Samuel, an Amora. Abba bar Abbahu (Ba), father of Samuel, an Amora. א׳ בר רב הונא, in Bab. רַבָּה q. v. א׳ מרי, contr. אבמריAbba Mari, an Amora.—אבין, אבינא, contr. with ר׳ into רַבִּין, רַבִּינָאRabbin, Rabbina↗ expanded
אַבָּא 3Abba (father), a title of scholars (less than Rabbi), as Abba Saul, A. Yudan, etc.; cmp. foreg.↗ expanded
אִבָּא (אבב) thicket, woods, grove. M. Kat. 12ᵇ א׳ בשלניא a forest in Sh’lanya. Keth. 79ᵃ, v. זַרְדְּתָא. Snh. 39ᵇ (prov.) מיניה וביה א׳ ניזיל (ליזיל) ביה נרגא (Ag. Hatt. בנרגא, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) from the very woods shall it go into the hatchet (as a handle to strike the woods). fruit, v. אִיבָּא. ↗ expanded
אַכְאָבִית (reduplic. of אב, עב, עו; v. עַוִּית) prop. swelling, heaviness (cmp. כאב), hence disorder of the stomach, vomiting (spasms); usu. in connection with חמה, fever with vomiting. Gen. R. s. 19 did you ever hear, this ass here that is driven out חמה עליה אבבית עליה Ar. (ed. corrup. צינה עליו כמה חככים עליו) has fever, has vomiting (spasms)? Gen. R. s. 53 חמה ואכאבית. V. אַכְאָבִית. ↗ expanded
אֶבְגִּינוֹס (corr. נֵיס—εὐγενής) of noble descent. Koh. R. beg.; a. fr. (Midr. Till. to Ps. I אביינוס; Cant. R. beg. אווגיטוס, corr. acc.).—Pl. Yalk. Ps. 863 שהוא אֶוְגְּנֵסִין (read בן א׳) he is the son of nobles; Midr. Till. to Ps. CV בן גנסין (corr. acc.) cmp. גְּנִיס. ↗ expanded
אֶבְגְּנִיסְטֵי (read סְטָטֵי—), אֶוְוגִּינִיסְטָאטֵי m. pl. (εὐγενέστατοι) most noble. Ruth R. to I, 2. Midr. Sam. ch. I. ↗ expanded
אָבַד , v. אבב) to be pressed, go around in despair (v. Prov. XXXI, 6; Deut. XXVI, 6) to be given up, whence to be lost, perish; to be beyond recognition. Sifré Deut. 301 (ref. to Deut. XXVI, 5) לא ירד … אלא לאובד (read לוֹבֵד or לֶאֱבוֹד; Yalk. Deut. a. l. לאבדם prob. לאַבְרָּן; Ms. Zer. Abr. 3 לֵיאָבֵר) Jacob went to Aram with no hope but to perish (be a slave &c.). Ohol. XVII, 3 a field שא׳ בו קבר in which there is a grave that cannot be located. Keth. XIII, 7 אָבְדָה דרך וכ׳ the path to his field cannot be traced. Gen. R. s. 91 אבידה א׳ לנו we have lost something; a. fr. to lose. Ib. ואנו שאָבַדְנוּ ר׳ ס׳ and we who have lost (mourn for) R. S.; a. fr.—Part. pass. אָבוּדlost, irretrievable, perishing, decayed. Keth. 108ᵃ על הא׳ on a contribution to the Temple which has been lost on the road. Y. Shebi. IX, 38ᵈ top מאיליהן הן אֲבוּדִין they perish of themselves (they decay naturally); a. fr. Nif. נֶאֱבַדto be lost, perish. Keth. 104ᵃ; a. fr. Sifré Deut. 301 לֵיאָבֵד, v. supra. Pi. אִיבֵּדto waste, lose, forfeit, destroy. Ned. 33ᵇ אי׳ את מעותיו he wasted his money, (cannot reclaim it). Keth. XIII, 6 אי׳ את זכותו he forfeited his claim. Ab. Zar. 55ᵃ אנו נְאַבֵּד וכ׳ shall we give up our honest dealing? Ib. IV, 7 יְאַבֵּד עולמו shall He destroy His world? Ḥag. 3ᵃ ובקשתם לאַבְּדָהּ ממני and you wanted to deprive me of it? Ib. 4ᵃ זה המְאַבֵּד וכ׳ one who destroys what is given to him.—א׳ עצמו לדעת to commit suicide wilfully. Gen. R. s. 82; a. fr. to drop from memory, to forget. Aboth V, 12; a. e. ↗ expanded
אֲבַּדto be lost. Targ. I Sam. IX, 3; a. fr.—Snh. 111ᵃ; a. fr.—Y. Pes. IX, 37ᵃ כאָבִיד הוא it is to be looked upon as lost. Pa. אַבַּדto destroy. Targ. II Kings, XIX, 18; a. fr. Af. אוֹבֵד, אוֹבֵיד = Pa. Targ. Deut. XXVI, 5; a. fr.—Y. Kidd. III, 64ᶜ bot. אובדתא חיין וכ׳ thou hast ruined this man’s (my) life. Gen. R. s. 56 אובדת ליבך thou hast lost thy wits; a. fr. to be lost, to go to ruin. Targ. Ps. XLI, 6; a. e.—Y. Ḥag. II, 77ᵇ ווי דמובדין alas for the lost (deceased)! Y. M. Kat. I, beg. 80ᵃ ויובדן and decay. Ithpa. אִתְאַבַּדto be lost. Lev. R. s. 34 מִתְאַבְּדִין if they should be lost.—מִתְּבִיד = מִתְאֲבִיד Pes. 5ᵇ; a. e. [Lam. R., to IV, 21 לאיבדא, read לאיעבדא, v. עֲבַד.] ↗ expanded
אָבֵדperishable, irretrievable. דבר הא׳ a business which cannot be postponed without irretrievable loss. M. Kat. 11ᵃ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֲבַדּוֹןperdition, hell. Koh. R. to V, 8. ↗ expanded
אֶבְדּוֹקוֹס (Εὔτοκος) Ebdocus (Eutocus). Y. Meg. III, 74ᵃ bot. rendered in a secret political letter טוב ילדGood-Child. (Ed. קום—, קין—corr. acc.) ↗ expanded
אֶבְדִּימוֹס (Εὔδημος) Ebdimos, Eudemus. Y. Keth. XI, 34ᵇ; mostly abbrev. אבדימא, אבדימי (corrupt. אבדומי, אבודמא, אבודמי), name of several Amoraim, the most prominent: Eb. of Zepphoris. Y. Ber. IV, 8ᵃ; a. fr. [V. Frankel Mebo, s. v.] V. וַרְדִּימוֹס. ↗ expanded
אַבְדָּלָה (= הַבְדָּלָה; בדל) the act of distinguishing; separation. Y. Ber. VIII, 12ᶜ top א׳ ודאי real separation. Habdalah, a formula of prayer for the exit of the Sabbath or Holy Days. Ibid. beg. 11ᵈ. Pes. 113ᵃ; a. fr.—Pl. אַבְדָּלוֹת. Y. Ber. V, 9ᵇ bot. שבעה א׳ seven objects of distinction (mentioned in the Habdalah). ↗ expanded
אַבְדָּןAbdan (contr. of אבא יודן), an Amora of the first gener. Y. Ber. IV, 7ᶜ bot. (cmp. Gen. R. s. 10). Ber. 27ᵇ Ms. M. (ed. אבידן); a. e. ↗ expanded
אָבְדָּןruin, destruction. Y. Dem. VII, 26ᵃ bot. או׳ אוכלין waste of eatables; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אַבְדָּנָא Targ. Prov. XXVII, 20; a. e. ↗ expanded
אַבָּהוּAbbahu, name of two Palestine Amoraim, one prob. of the first gener. Y. Ber. V, 8ᵈ bot; Y. Bicc. II, 64ᵈ top; the second a celebrated disciple of R. Yoḥannan, residing in Cæsarea. Y. Ber. II, 4ᵇ top. Succ. 48ᵇ; a. fr.—Babylonian Amoraim by that name. Sabb. 119ᵇ; Kidd. 33ᵇ, father of Rabbah, v. רַבָּה. B. Kam. 117ᵇ, contemp. of R. Ashé, v. אַשֵׁי. ↗ expanded
אבהנוס Y. Kil. III, 31ᶜ Ar. (ed. אבחטס, read אַמְבָּטִיס q. v. or אִיפּוֹבַּטֵיס (ἱπποβάτης) stallion ass for mares. ↗ expanded
אִבּוּIbbu (Aïbu), all prob. forms of the same name, an Amora. Snh. 5ᵃ אבו Ar. ed. pr. (ed. אי׳, Ms. M. איי׳). Succ. 44ᵇ איי׳. Ruth R., Par. 2, beg. רבי אי׳. Num. R. s. 12. Y. Succ. II, 53ᵃ bot.; Pes. 4ᵃ, a. fr. איי׳. [אִבּוּ name of a bird, v. אִיבּוּ]. ↗ expanded
אִיבּוּב (= אנב׳, נבבto be hollow; cmp. בִּיב I) reed, flute; pipe, tube. Arakh. II, 3 א׳ של קנה a reed flute, א׳ של נחושת brass flute. Kel. II, 3; Men. X, 4 א׳ של קלאים Ar. (ed. קליות) an iron tube for roasting grain.—א׳ רוֹעֶה (Var. אבובראה, אבוברואה) shepherd’s flute, name of a plant (Eupatorium) used for medicinal purposes; v. חומטריא. Sabb. XIV, 3; ib. 109ᵇ; Y. ib. XIV, 14ᶜ ↗ expanded
אַבּוּב Yoma 20ᵇ (prov.) א׳ לחרי וכ׳ a flute is musical to nobles—give it to weavers, they will not accept it (fools criticise where sages admire). Succ. 50ᵇ.—Pl. אַבּוּבִין. Targ. Jer. XLVIII, 36; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אִבּוּל 2 (יבל, cmp. יְבוּל) the gate for carrying grain into the house, wagon-gate, gate-way. Pl. אִבּוּלִים, אִיבּ׳. Tosef. B. Mets. XI, 10 אין חולקין את אי׳ וכ׳ ed. Zuck. (ed. הָאִבּ׳) you dare not divide gate-ways between heirs unless there is the required space for each. ↗ expanded
אִבּוּלָא , esp. (corresp. to h. מבוא העיר) city gate-way which is opened for wagons &c.; fortified place where judges sit &c.; cmp. שַׁעַר.—M. Kat. 22ᵃ begin to count the days of mourning מבבא דא׳ from the time ye turn your faces from the city gate-way (to go home while the corpse is carried to the grave-yard). Keth. 17ᵃ; Meg. 29ᵃ when people form a lane מא׳ ועד סיכרא from the city gate-way to the burial place. [Ar. house of mourning, v. אִבּוּל I.] B. Bath. 58ᵃ bot. there was written אבבא דא׳ Ms. M. (ed. incorr. בא׳) over the gate of the town entrance (where court was held).—Pl. אִבּוּלֵי. Erub. 6ᵇ. Yoma 11ᵃ. Targ. Y. Deut. XXVIII, 52 אבוליכון (ed. Vien. אכול׳). Targ. Jer. L, 26 אִיבּוּלָהָא (h. text מאבסיה; v. Pesh. a. l.). ↗ expanded
אבולי , B. Bath. 143ᵃ, אאבולי read with Ms. M. אַבּוּלִי ואסטרטיגי, v. בּוּלִי II↗ expanded
אֵבוּסfeeding receptacle, bowl for working men; manger. Ned. IV, 4.—Sabb. 140ᵇ אי׳ של כלי (Rashi אב׳) a real manger, opp. אי׳ של קרקע a piece of ground fenced in and used as manger. stall, stable. Y. Shebu. VII, 37ᵈ top; VIII, beg. 38ᵇ. [Y. Ter. I, 40ᵇ אבוס read אִכּוּם or אָכִים.]—Pl. אֵבוּסִים. Y. Snh. 63ᵇ אֵבוּסֵיהֶן their stables. V. אֵיפוּס. ↗ expanded
אֲבוּקָה (אבק, cmp. אבך, חבק; v. Sachs Beitr. I, p. 62; Naḥm. to Gen. XXXII, 25) [bundle of twigs], torch (with, or without של אור). Sot. 21ᵃ נזדמנה לו א׳ של אור a burning torch happened to come in his possession. Ber. 43ᵇ א׳ כשנים walking by torchlight is equal to two walking together (as regards protection from night-spirits).—Pl. אֲבוּקוֹת. Tosef. Succ. IV, 2 were dancing before them בא׳ with torches. Ib. 4 בשמונה א׳ של אור; Succ. 53ᵃ ח׳ א׳ של אור; Y. ib. V, 55ᶜ top א׳ של זהב (corr. acc. or read זֶפֶת?); Mish. ib. V, 4. ↗ expanded
אַבְזָקַת (בזק) breaking, crumbling, corrosion, whence a foot-disease in animals believed to arise from vermin in consequence of a stroke of lightning; moth-eaten condition of garments. B. Mets. 78ᵇ (expl. הבריקה Mish.) אבזקת (Rashi אבזקא, Ms. M. אבוק, corr. ז for ו; cmp. Y. ib. VI, 11ᵃ top. s. v. בָּזָק) atrophy or paralysis of the feet. Ib. א׳ במילת׳ וכ׳ the moths are in the royal wardrobe. ↗ expanded
אֲבִזְרָא (Arab. bazr, abzār, v. בזר, פזר)anything used for seasoning, spices &c.—Fig. requisites, appurtenances. Snh. 74ᵇ אינהו וכל אבזרייהו they (the commands) and all appertaining thereto. Men. 73ᵇ עולה וכל אֲבִיזְרָהָא Ar. a. Rashi to Snh. l. c. (ed. חבירתא corr. acc.) the burnt-offering and &c. ↗ expanded
אַבְטוֹלְמוֹס (prob. Πτολεμαῖος, or Εὐπτόλεμος = Εὐπόλεμος) Abtolmos. Erub. III, 4 (35ᵃ) ed. (Ms. M. אבטולס). Ib. 36ᵃ; Y. ib. 21ᵃ bot. אבטילס (v. Rabb. D. S. Erub. l. c., notes). Ex. R. s. 21 (אבטלוס) אבטוליס.—M. Kat. 18ᵃ אֲבִיטוּל (prob. abbrev. of our w.), surnamed ספראה (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.), an Amora. ↗ expanded
אַבְטוֹמְטוֹס (αὐτόματος) self-moving, self-growing, spontaneous. Midr. Till. to Ps. I, 5 האומרים א׳ הוא העולם Mus. (ed. טומטום, corr. acc.) who say the universe is a self-moving power (has no creator). [Better: אַבְטוֹמְטוֹן (αὐτόματον, S.) chance.] ↗ expanded
אַבְטִינָסAbtinas. בית א׳ Beth. Abt., name of a priestly family who had the secret for preparing the frank-incense for the Temple. Yoma III, 11; I, 5; a. e. ↗ expanded
אַבְטָלָה (= הַבְטָלָה; בטל) idleness, waste. Y. Bets. V, 63ᵇ נר של א׳ a light burning to no purpose. Y. Shebi. VII, 37ᶜ top על הא׳ for the loss of time. ↗ expanded
אַבְטַלְיוֹןAbtalion (Greco-Romanized by Josephus Πολλίων, Pollio), name of a Chief Justice of the Sanhedrial court in the days of Hyrcan II and of Herod. Aboth I, 10; 11. Eduyoth I, 3. Yoma 71ᵇ; a. e. ↗ expanded
אָבִיבearly stage of ripening, esp. of grains; season of beginning barley-crop; also the offering of the first fruits (on Passover). R. Hash. 21ᵃ (ref. to Deut. XVI, 1) שמור א׳ וכ׳ observe the ripening of the equinoctial season that it be in the month of Nissan (rule for intercalation). Men. 84ᵃ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אָבִיב ² Targ. O. Lev. II, 14; Ex. XIII, 4; a. e.—Snh. 11ᵇ; Y. ib. I, 18ᵈ top זימנא דא׳ וכ׳ the season of ripening has not yet come. [Y. Maasr. V, 52ᵃ אביבא דפילא, read אַרְכּוּבָא.]—Pl. (adj.) אַבִּיבִין, אָבִי׳. Targ. O. Ex. IX, 31 (ed. Berl. sing.). ↗ expanded
אֲבֵידָהlost or missed object. שומר א׳ the keeper of a lost object waiting for its owner to claim it B. Mets. 29ᵃ; a. fr.—בעל א׳ the owner of the lost thing. Kidd. 2ᵇ בעל א׳ מחזיר וכ׳ the owner hunts for what he has lost, i.e. man woos woman (allud. to Gen. II, 21); a. fr.—M. Kat. 25ᵇ בכו לאובדים ולא לא׳ Ms. M. (ed. בכו לאבילים) weep for the losers, but not for the lost (deceased). loss, decrease. אֲבֵידַת נפש decrease of physical strength. Yoma 74ᵇ.—(Y. ib. VIII, 44ᵈ top אב בית read אבידת). ↗ expanded
אֲבֵידָן (אבד; cacophemism for וַועֲדָא q. v.), בֵּי א׳ = בֵּי וַועֲדָו) prop. their place of ruin, cacophemism for meeting-place, gathering for idolatrous purposes and performances connected with idolatrous feasts (games, &c.) which the Jews, under Hadrian, were forced to attend. Sabb. 152ᵃ. Ab. Zar. 17ᵇ.—Transf. meeting place of early Christians where religious controversies used to be held. Sabb. 116ᵃ ספרי דבי א׳ Christian writings. Ib. רב לא אזיל וכ׳ Rab would not attend a Be-Abedan, Samuel would. ↗ expanded
אֲבִידַרְנָאAbidarna, gentile friend of R. Yuda. Ab. Zar. 65ᵃ top. [Ms. M. אבינדרא, Var. אבי דרבא; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.] ↗ expanded
אֲבֵידְתָּא f. ch. = h. אֲבֵידָה. Targ. Ex. XXII, 8; a. e. B. Mets. 23ᵃ; 27ᵇ; 28ᵇ ↗ expanded
אַבְיוּ pr. n. m. (Bar) Abyu, name of a renowned obituary poët. Yeb. 103ᵃ; M. Kat. 25ᵇ בר אביו Ar. (ed. אובא, אבין, Ms. Var. אבו, איבו, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note). ↗ expanded
אֶבְיוֹןpoor, distressed. Lev. R. s. 34 (etymol.) he is called ebyon, שהוא מתאב לכל (Yalk. a. l. מתאוה) because he longs for everything. Gen. R. s. 71. B. Mets. 111ᵇ ↗ expanded
אֲבִיּוֹנָהcaper-tree, or caper-berry, so called from the stimulating effects of its seed.—Pl. אִבְיוֹנוֹת. Maasr. IV, 6; a. e. ↗ expanded
אֲבֵילוּ ch. = next w. Targ. Lam. II, 5; v. אֶבְלוּ.—M. Kat. 20ᵇ באפה נהוג א׳ in her (thy wife’s) presence observe mourning (when she is in mourning). ↗ expanded
אֲבֵילוּת (אבל) mourning time, mourning ceremonies. M. Kat. 20ᵃ sq. א׳ שבעה the mourning time is seven days. Ib. 24ᵃ אין א׳ בשבת no mourning ceremonies are to be observed on &c. Yeb. 43ᵇ א׳ חדשה recent (i.e. individual) mourning, in contrad. to א׳ ישנה mourning over Jerusalem. [Gen. R. s. 8 beg., some ed. אבילות—אוביל read אכילות—אוכיל]. ↗ expanded
אֲבֵילִיןAbelin, Abilena, a district of Peræa (v. Graetz, Gesch. d. Jud. II, 2, p. 457). Lev. R. s. 17; Pesik. Vayhi, p. 66ᵃ האכלון (corr. acc.); Pesik. R. s. 18 (p. 88ᵇ ed. Friedm.) אובלים; Ruth R. to I, 5 אבולין. Tosef. Zeb. II, 3 ed. Zuck. אֵיבְלַיִים (Var. אובלים). Cmp. אִבּוּל a. אָבֵל pr. n. pl. ↗ expanded
אַבִּימִיAbbimi, a disciple of Rabbah. Shebu. 28ᵇ; Y. Ned. II, 37ᵇ; Y. Shebu. III, 34ᵈ top. A. bar Tobi. Y. Naz. IX, beg., 57ᶜ ↗ expanded
אַבִּינָאAbbina, an Amora. Y. Pes. V, 32ᶜ.—Y. Ned. IV, beg. 38ᶜ (prob. Abbuna, as shortly before). [Y. Peah III, 17ᵈ bot. בינא prob. the same.]—רב א׳ contr. רַבִּינָא q. v. ↗ expanded
אַבִּירstrong, mighty, eminent (opp. קל light, of no influence); noble.— Pl. אַבִּירִים. R. Hash. 25ᵇ אביר שבא׳ the noblest of the nobility. Y. ib. II, 58ᵇ bot. אַבִּירֵי עולם (Babli ib. l. c. חֲמוּרֵי; Koh. R. to I, 4 גדולי) the world’s noblest sons. [Esth. R. to II, 4, v. אַבִּירָם.] ↗ expanded
אַבְיַת pr. n. pl. Abyath Y’shimon, usu. בֵּית י׳. Targ. Y. II, Num. XXI, 20. ↗ expanded
אֶבְיָתָר (b. h.) pr. n. m. Ebyathar, an Amora. Git. 6ᵇ. Y. Ber. IX, 13ᵃ ↗ expanded
אָבַךְto entangle. Hithp. הִתְאַבֵּךְto blend (of whirling smoke columns). Pesik. R. s. 29—30. ↗ expanded
אֲבָל (b. h.) indeed, yes. Tosef. Erub. V (IV), 1 אמרו לו א׳ said they to him, yes (we admit). Erub. 30ᵇ top. Nidd. 3ᵇ; a. e.—Gen. R. s. 91 לשון דרומית וכ׳ it is a South Palestine expression where ăbal means bram, v. בְּרַם. but, however. Ber. VII, 1; a. v. fr. ↗ expanded
אָבֵל 1 (b. h.) pr. n. pl. Abel, name of several towns; cmp. אֲבֵילִין. Erub. 87ᵃ ed. (Ms. M. בבל, corr. acc., Var. lect. v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note). ↗ expanded
אָבֵל 2 , v. אבב; cmp. אפל); [dark, cmp. קֹדֵר], mourner, esp. during seven days after burial. M. Kat. 14ᵇ; a. v. fr.—Pl. אֲבֵלִים, (אֲבֵילִין) אֲבֵילִים. Keth. 8ᵇ; v. בְּרָכָה. Y. Ab. Zar. I, 39ᶜ bot. אֲבֵילֵי גויים mourners among gentiles; a. fr.—Fem. אֲבֵילָה, אֲבֵלָה. Y. Ber. IV, 8ᵃ; Y. Taan. II, 65ᶜ bot. ↗ expanded
אָבֵל 3 (foreg.) to mourn. Hithpa.הִתְאַבֵּל, Nithpa. נִתְאַבֵּל to observe mourning ceremonies, to be bound to mourn, be anאָבֵל. M. Kat. 20ᵇ כל שמִתְאַבֵּל עליו מתא׳ עמו over whom one is bound to mourn, with him he must mourn, i.e. one must share in the mourning ceremonies of a relation at whose death he would have to observe mourning; a. fr.—Tanḥ. Sh’mini, 1 נתא׳. Pesik. Sos p. 148ᵇ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֲבֵל Targ. Lam. II, 8. Ithpa. אִתְאַבֵּל (denom. of אֲבֵלָא) to mourn. Targ. Gen. XXXVII, 34; a. fr.—Y. Ab. Zar. I, 39ᶜ top. v. אִימִירָא. Esth. R. beg. כד ילידת הוו מִתְאַבְּלִין when the Empress gave birth, they (the Jews) mourned (it being the Ninth of Ab). B. Kam. 59ᵇ את חשיבא לאִתְאַבּוּלֵי וכ׳ ed. (Ms. R. לאַבּוּלֵי, v. infra) art thou distinguished enough to wear mourning for Jerusalem? *Pa. אַבֵּל, אַבֵּיל . Ib. מְאַבֵּילְנָא ed. (Ms. F. מאבלנא, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l., note 6) I wear mourning. ↗ expanded
אֵבֶלforeg.) mourning; cmp. אֲבֵילוּת. Y. M. Kat. III, 82ᵇ; a. fr.—Pl. אֲבֵילִים. M. Kat. 7ᵇ מי שתכפוהו אֲבֵילָיו he whom his mourning days overtook, i.e. a second case occurring before the mourning days of the first expired.—אֵבֶל רַבָּתִי Ebel Rabbathi (Great Mourning), name of a Talmudic treatise, also named euphemistically שְׂמָחוֹתRejoicings.—[Chald. Targ. Gen. L, 11; v. אֶבְלָא.] ↗ expanded
אֲבֵלָא ch. = h. אָבֵל. Targ. Koh. VII, 2; a. e.—Pl., אֲבֵילַיָּא, אֲבֵלֵי, אֲבֵילִין. Targ. Prov. XXXI, 6; a. e.—Y. M. Kat. III, 82ᵈ bot.; a. e. ↗ expanded
אֶבְלָא ch. = h. אֵבֶל. Targ. Gen. L, 11 (Var. אִיבְלָא אָבֵל). Ib. O. XXVII, 41; a. e. Targ. Y. II, Lev. X, 19 אֲבֵילָא.—Gen. R. s. 27 (prov.) comes joy, rejoice; בשעת א׳ א׳ comes mourning, mourn. ↗ expanded
*אבלונים (?) name of a spring. Gen. R. s. 33 (Snh. 108ᵃ בלועה דגדר). Cmp. אבילין, אובלין. ↗ expanded
אַבְלֵטAblet, a gentile scholar, Ab. Zar. 30ᵃ. Y. Sabb. III, 6ᵃ bot., Y. Bets. II, 61ᶜ ↗ expanded
*אבליג pr. n. m. Pesik. R. s. 33 [Y. Naz. VII, 56ᵃ מגבילה; Y. Ber. III, 6ᵃ bot. גבילה]. ↗ expanded
*אַבְלַסAvlas, in Cilicia, mentioned as one of the northern border places of the land of Israel. Targ. Y. I Num. XXXIV, 8 אב׳ דקילקאי; Y. II ibid. תחומא דאַוְו׳ דקל׳ (the district of) A. of the Cilicians. Tosef. Shebi. IV, 11 עילי רבתא ed. Zuck. (Var. אולם); Sifré Deut. 51 לולא רבתא; Yalk. Deut. 624 לילא רבתא; Y. Shebi. VI, 36ᶜ אולם רבתא. [Probably identical with Pylæ Ciliciæ, Πύλαι τῆς Κιλίκιας.] [Sifré Num. 131 סבטיא מאולם; Y. Snh. X, 28ᵈ סובתה מאולם S. of Ulam; Bab. Snh. 64ᵃ סבטא בן אלס(?).] ↗ expanded
אֶבְמוֹסוֹס (Εὔμουσος) Eumusus. Y. Meg. III, 74ᵃ bot., rendered in a secret letter טוב למד well-learned; v. אֶבְדּוֹקוֹס. ↗ expanded
אֶבְמָכוֹס (Εὔμαχος) Eumachus, an Amora. Y. Snh. III, end, 21ᵈ ↗ expanded
אֶבֶן , v. Ges. H. Dict. s. v.) stone. Sabb. 10ᵃ; Pes. 12ᵇ כזורק א׳ וכ׳ like throwing a stone into a leather bottle (has no effect, or is indigestible). Num. R. s. 22 (prov.) into a well out of which you drank אל תזרוק בו א׳ cast no stone.—א׳ טובה jewel. B. Bath. 16ᵇ; a. fr. Pl. אֲבָנִים, const. אַבְנֵי. Gen. R. s. 68 שנים עשרה א׳. Ib. אם מתאחות הן שלשה א׳ (read שלש) if these three stones shall grow into one; a. fr. Compounds and combinations: . בית א׳Stone Chamber, name of a Temple compartment. Parah III, 1.—א׳ גליון, v. אָוֶן.—א׳ הטועים (א׳ טועין, א׳ טוען, v. טָעָה) Stone of Losers (Claims), a place in Jerusalem where lost and found things were deposited and claimed. Taan. III, 8; Y. ib. 66ᵈ bot.; B. Mets. 28ᵇ—א׳ המבר or א׳ המקחauction place (for slaves). Sifré Deut. 26. Sifra B’har ch. VII, s. 6. Yalk. Lev. 667 א׳ הלקח.—א׳ מסמא a stone used for closing a pit etc. Nidd. 69ᵇ בא׳ מ׳ the corpse was put on a closing (immovable) stone; a. e.—קבועה א׳ a stone rooted in the ground, opp. תלושה. Y. Sotah IX, 23ᶜ top.—אבני השדה v. אדני.—שׁוֹאֶבֶת א׳ magnetic stone, load-stone. Snh. 107ᵇ; a. e.—א׳ הַשָּׁעוֹת stone-dial, Kel. XII, 4; a. e.—א׳ שְׁתִיָּה foundation stone, stone Sh’thiya which in the second Temple occupied the place of the Holy Arc. Yoma V, 2 (3); v. Ib. a. l.—אבנים תּוֹשָׁבוֹת immigrant stones, i.e. stones brought over from another ground. Tosef. Shebi. III, 4; cmp. Shebi. III, 7 a. Y. Ib. a. l.—א׳ תלושה v. sup. א׳ קבועה.—א׳ תקומה preserving stone, a stone believed to protect against abortion. Sabb. 66ᵇ.—[For other combinations see respective determinants.] ↗ expanded
אֶבֶן ² Targ. Gen. XXVIII, 18; a. fr.—Pl. אַבְנַיָּא, אַבְנֵי, אַבְנִין. Targ. Ex. XXVIII, 11; a. fr. Lev. R. s. 16; a. e.—א׳ דאכפא weight-stones, to prevent the sheaves being blown away. B. Bath. 69ᵃ.—א׳ דכוחלא black marble stone. Kidd. 12ᵃ. [Targ. Prov. XXIII, 28, read with Ms. Luzz. וצאדא בניא שברי and captures foolish sons.] [Y. B. Bath. II, 13ᶜ … דיין אבן corrupt a. defective.] ↗ expanded
אֹבֶן , only in Du. אָבְנַיִם (b. h., the potter’s turning implement. the passage of the embryo, vagina. Ex. R. s. 1 (etym.) מקום שהולד נפנה בו (some ed. נקנה incorr.) where the child turns (to come to light). [Oth. etym. v. ibid. a. Sot. 11ᵇ.] ↗ expanded
אַבְנֵטbelt. B. Kam. 94ᵇ. Yoma 6ᵃ; 12ᵃ; a. fr.—Pl. אַבְנֵטִים. Zeb. 18ᵃ ↗ expanded
אַבְנִימוֹסAbnimos, Nimos, a gentile philosopher, friend of R. Meïr [prob. identical with the cynic philosopher Oenomaus of Gadara]. Gen. R. s. 65; a. e. א׳ הגרדי. Ḥag. 15ᵇ נ׳ הגרדי. ↗ expanded
אֲבַנְתָּא (בין) understanding, speculation. Meg. 24ᵇ בא׳ דל׳ תלי (Ms. M. באוב׳) it depends on the speculative faculty (not on the physical sight). Ab. Zar. 28ᵇ באו׳ דל׳ תלי (Ms. M. בליבא תליא, cmp. Tosaf. a. l.) an affection of the eye-sight is connected with (has influence on) the mental faculties; (oth. opin., cmp. אֹבֶן, the fat surrounding the heart). ↗ expanded
אָבַסto stuff; to fatten, feed (act. a. neut.) B. Mets. 86ᵇ (expl. ăbusim, I Kings V, 3) שאוֹבְסִין אותן בע"כ which people fatten with force. Ib. שא׳ ועומדין וכ׳ that stand feeding as they please. Sabb. XXIV, 3 (155ᵇ) אין אובסין וכ׳ you must not (on the Sabbath) stuff the camel; expl. ib. you must not make אֵבוס בתוך וכ׳ a manger of her stomach (fill up to swelling); a. fr.—Part. pass. אָבוּס (= שׁוֹר). Meg. 9ᵃ, a. e. (one of the changes said to have been made by the authors of the Septuag.). ↗ expanded
אֲבַסְקַנְטָה (ἀβάσκαντα) unbewitched! may no harm befall you! Y. Ab. Zar. I, end, 40ᵇ א׳ לא אמר he did not say abascanta, but etc. Y. Ber. IV, 13ᶜ top (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
אַבְעָיָה (בָּעָה) search, begging, the appearance of the poor for their share in the crop. Pl. אַבְעָיוֹת. Peah IV, 5 ג׳ אב׳ וכ׳ (Y. ed. IV, 3 אוּבְ׳) three times a day the poor would come (cmp. etym. Y. ib. 18ᵇ top). [Oth. comment. ref. to etym. in Y. l. c. a. Targ. Ob. I, 6: “the owner appears” &c.] ↗ expanded
אָבָק v. אֲבַק, , (thick, whirling) dust, powder. Sabb. III, 3 אֲבַק דרכים the (heated) sand on the roads. Ḥull. 91ᵃ. Cant. R. to III, 6; a. fr.—הסופרים א׳ the refuse of writing material, or the colored sand strewn over the writing. Sabb. XII, 5 וכ׳ כתב במשקין if one writes (on the Sabb.) with a fluid or sap of fruits (instead of ink), or in the sand on roads or in the writer’s powder.—Trnsf. (cmp. אֲבַק) connection, something akin to, shade of, as א׳ לשון הרע a shade of slander; רבית א׳ a shade of usury; א׳ של שביעית an agricultural occupation indirectly related to those forbidden in the Sabbath year; v. infr.—Pl. אֲבָקוֹת. Tosef. Ab. Zar. I, 10 ארבע א׳ הן (ed. Zuck. אבקאות) the word abak in its figur. sense is applied to four things; cmp. B. Bath. 165ᵃ; B. Mets. 61ᵇ; 67ᵃ; Succ. 40ᵇ ↗ expanded
אָבַק , Pi. אִבֵּק, אִיבֵּק (denom. of foreg.) to cover with powder, esp. plants, for fertilizing. Shebi. II, 2 מְאַבְּקִין (cmp. Y. Ib. a. l.). M. Kat. 3ᵃ. Y. Sabb. VII, 10ᵃ top.—Part. pass. מְאוּבָּקpowdered. Y. Bicc. I, 63ᵈ bot. מאונקות (read מְאוּבָּ׳) grapes fertilized with powder. [Ar. “to remove the dust”(?)] Hithpa. a. Nithpa. הִתְאַבֵּק, נִתְאַ׳to be covered, or cover one’s self with dust. Gen. R. s. 43.—Metaph. to sit at one’s feet as a disciple. Aboth. I, 4. ↗ expanded
אֲבַק (√אב, עב, cmp. אבך, חבק) to entangle, twist, twine. Men. 42ᵃ אביק להו מיבק (perh. אַבֵּיקPa.) he twined (the show-fringes) with loops. (neut. v.) to be attached to, cling to (idolatry etc.). Snh. 64ᵃ; Ab. Zar. 14ᵇ. Ib. 17ᵃ א׳ בה טובא he was very deeply attached to sensuality. ↗ expanded
אֲבָקָה v. אָבָק) spices, spice-box. Fig. רוֹכֵל אַבְקַת (peddlar’s spice-box) a great scholar. Cant. R. to III, 6 end. ↗ expanded
אֶבְקוֹלָס (Εὔκολος) Eucolus, father of R. Zechariah. Git. 56ᵃ; Lam. R. to IV, 2. Tosef. Sabb. XVI (XVII), 6 (Var. אבטולס, אביקלוס). Cmp. אפיקולוס. ↗ expanded
אַבְקָתָא (אֲבַק) loops, leather rings, on bedsteads for the reception of cords; in door cases, for hanging doors in. Ned. 56ᵇ; Snh. 20ᵇ. דרגש בא׳ … a couch is called dargesh, when it is carried in and out (to be put up and taken apart) by means of loops (through which the cords are fastened); opp. mittah, v. בִּזְיוּנָא.—Men. 33ᵃ, Erub. 11ᵇ ed. (Ms. M. אנקתא, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note), explain. היכר ציר ‘an indication of hinges’.—Macc. 23ᵃ (loops in the punishing scourge). ↗ expanded
אָבַר (√אב, v. אבב; cmp. גבר, חבר) to be bent, pressed, thick. Pi. אִבֵּר, אִיבֵּרto strengthen, harden (cmp. אמץ). Snh. 109ᵇ (play on Abiram, Num. XVI, 1) שאִי׳ לבו מ׳ וכ׳ Ms. M. (Rashi לבבו, ed. עצמו) he hardened his heart against repentance. (denom. of אֵבֶר) to measure wings, to define city limits, for Sabbath distances, in cases of wing-like projections beyond the line. Erub. V, 1 כיצד מְאַבְּרִין (accord. to Rab’s spelling, while Sam. read מְעַבְּרִין, v. Y. ib. 22ᵇ, Bab. ib. 53ᵃ) how do we measure outskirts of a city in order to draw the Sabbath line?; v. etymol. definit. Y. a. Babl. ll. cc. a. Y. Ber. VII, 12ᶜ top. (b. h. Hif.) to soar, take wings. Gen. R. s. 42 (play on Shemeber, Gen. XIV, 2) שמְאַבֵּר וכ׳ Ar. s. v. שמאבר (ed. שהיה פורח) he took wings to fly and obtain wealth. ↗ expanded
אֵבֶרwing, v. אָבַר; cmp. כַּף, limb, part.—א׳ מן החי a part cut off from a living animal. Ḥull. 101ᵇ; a. fr. membrum genitale. Snh. 107ᵃ. Y. Keth. V, 30ᵇ town quarter, projecting outskirts (v. אָבַרPi. 2).—א׳ א׳ limb by limb; piecemeal. Sabb. 40ᵃ. Y. Yoma VI, 43ᵈ bot. Koh. R. to X, 15.—Pl. אֵבָרִים, אֵיבָרִים, אֵיבָרִיןlimbs, parts (of an animal). Shek. VII, 3 meat found אי׳ in entire limbs (opp. חתיכות cut slices). Sabb. 82ᵇ אינה מטמאה לא׳ Ms. M. (ed. לא׳ אינה) does not make unclean when dismembered. Kel. XVIII, 9 (parts of a bedstead).—א׳ א׳ as sing. Ḥull. 11ᵇ. Treat. S’maḥ. II, 12.—Ber. I, 1 the fat וא׳ and other pieces of the daily offerings. Ohol. I, 8 רמ"ח א׳ 248 limbs (joints). balance of a load, ballast. Sabb. 154ᵇ, v. חֶבֶר.—Ch. אֵיבְרָא. ↗ expanded
אֲבָר (v. אָבַר; b. h. lead. Snh. 52ᵃ פתילה של א׳ a string (bar) of lead. Ḥull. 8ᵃ א׳ מעיקרו lead directly from the mine (hot). Y. Sabb. VII, 10ᵇ bot. Kel. XIV, 5 הא׳ שבצד וכ׳ the lead hanging down from the neck of the animal (as ornament or mark). Git. 19ᵃ; Sabb. 104ᵇ כתבו בא׳ if he wrote the document with lead (solution); a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֲבָר ² Targ. Ex. XV, 10. Targ. Y. Lev. XX, 14; a. e.—Snh. 64ᵃ שדיוהו וכ׳ cast ye him into a kettle (of lead) וכסיוהו וכ׳ and cover him with lead (or heavy load; ed. שדיוה incorr.; Ms. M. omits דאברא; oth. var. v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.). Git. 19ᵃ בא׳ (writing) with lead pencil, במיא דא׳ with a solution of lead. ↗ expanded
*אַבָּרָא , Targ. Prov. XXX, 31 Ms. the cock, cmp. אבר a. גבר; v. אַבָּכָא. ↗ expanded
אַבְרָאִי adv. (בר) outside, freq. with prefix מֵ־, opp. אגואי. Ḥull. 130ᵃ; 130ᵇ Ab. Zar. 2ᵇ למיתב מלכא מא׳ for the king to wait outside (of the court-room). R. Hash. 8ᵇ למיקם … א׳. Ber. 18ᵇ יתיב א׳ sat outside (of the gathering of the righteous in heaven). Cmp. בְּרָאִי. ↗ expanded
אברגני , Erub. 62ᵃ, Var., v. אַבּוּרְגְּנָא ↗ expanded
אַבְרַוְורֵי (denom. of אבר, cmp. חברורי) (cmp. אָבַר Pi.) wings or corners of city walls (h. פִּנָּה), pinnacles, mural turrets. Sabb. 11ᵃ ed. (Ar. אברוארי, read אבראורי; Ms. M. אַוְרַוְרֵי; Var. lect. v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) (v. אֵבֶר a. חֶבֶר)balance, freight arranged for balancing, ballast. B. Bath. 24ᵇ אימור באברוו׳ הוו מנחי Ms. M. (ed. באברו׳) I may say, the small kegs were placed among the large for balancing purposes. ↗ expanded
אַבְרְקִין (ברק = פרק; cmp. בקר = פקר, v. אפקרסין) underclothes, inexpressibles, breeches (cmp. Lat. bracæ, braccæ—of Oriental origin). Y. Sabb. XVI, 15ᵈ שני א׳ Ar. (ed. Krot. אַבְרִיקִין; Bab. Sabb. 120ᵃ וב׳ פרגד, Ms. M. פרגוד, Ar. פרגודין; Rashi genouilliers, a. German Kniehosen). Y’lamd. B’resh. quot. in Ar. (expl. פטישיהון Dan. III, 21) ב׳ הנתונות וכ׳ (fem.) the underclothes put around their loins. ↗ expanded
אַבְרָתָא (ברי, v. אִיבְרָיָיא, a. הַבְרָאָה) hyssop (used against indigestion &c.). Sabb. 128ᵃ (explaining אֵזוֹב). Ib. 109ᵇ אברתה (mentioning two species, one named בר־הימג = אזוב, the other בר־הינג = אזוב יון). Ab. Zar. 29ᵃ Ms. M. a. Ar. (ed. אבדתא). ↗ expanded
אַבְשׁוּנָא (אבש = יבש) something dried; parched or dried ears of grain. Meg. 7ᵇ; Pes. 39ᵇ קמחא דא׳ flour of roasted ears. Ib. 40ᵃ חצבא דאבשו׳ Ar. (ed. אבי׳) a basin wherein ears are roasted. ↗ expanded
אָגָא (Samar. אגה rendition of b. h. to spell (letters), blaspheme, swear. Snh. 101ᵇ תנא (ו)בגבולין ובלשון אגא Ar. (ed. עגה), the Boraitha remarks (to ההוגה as in Mishn. a. l.) this (condemnation of one uttering the name of the Lord) refers to the country (not the Temple), and in the sense of Samaritan aga (swearing). Cmp. Y. Snh. X, 28ᵇ top כגון אילין כותאי וכ׳ in a way as those Samaritans swear. ↗ expanded
אַגַּב (contr. of אל גב = עַל, cmp. אַ־) prop. on the back, on top of, hence, upon, on the basis; (logic.) by dint of, on account of; by the way of. Snh. 95ᵇ א׳ אורחך while on thy road, i.e. incidentally, occasionally. Freq. אורחא א׳, v. אוֹרְחָא.—B. Mets. 21ᵇ א׳ דיקירי because they are heavy.—Ib. 11ᵇ, a. fr. מטלטלין א׳ מקרקעי the sale of movable chattel made binding by dint of immovable property jointly sold; cmp. קַרְקַע.—Kidd. 26ᵇ א׳ אחר by means of somebody else (taking possession in behalf of the absent person). Ib. 27ᵃ מי בעינן א׳ is it necessary that he must say, ‘Acquire movable by dint of acquiring landed property’?—Pes. 113ᵃ כל א׳ גביא בעיא every claim the legality of which rests on some additional circumstance (e.g. a loan collectible only on producing the note of indebtedness) requires collection (cannot be considered actual property until collected).—Sabb. 116ᵃ א׳ כתב הוא דקדוש the parchment is sacred only on account of the sacred character of what is written on it.—Shebu. 40ᵇ, v. גְּרָרָא; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אָגַד 1 (√אג, sec. r. of אוג, v. אוּגְיָא, cmp. אגר, חגר, עקד) to twine around, tie up; to close, forbid. Succ. III, 1; a. fr.—Sabb. 60ᵃ אוֹגֶדֶת בו וכ׳ Ar. (ed. אוגרת, Ms. M. חוגרת) she fastens her hair with it.—Pes. 87ᵃ בנות ישראל שאוֹגְדוֹת וכ׳ ed. (Ms. M. בחורות … שמגידות, v. Hif.) the maidens in Israel who forbid intimacy to their betrothed. Erub. 21ᵇ ל"א אוגדות ed. (missing in Ms. M.). (denom. of אֲגוּדָּה) to form a union or faction. Sifré Deut. 294, v. Nif. [B. Bath. 14ᵃ לוחות אוגדות, v. אָגַר a. אָכַל.] Nif. נֶאֱגַדto be tied up, united &c. Maasr. I, 5 ירק הנֶ׳ משיֵאָגֵד vegetables ordinarily put up in bunches, are subject to tithes from the time they are tied. Y. Erub. III, 20ᵈ top.—Sifré Deut. 296 שלא תאגוד עליך אגודה (read תֵּאָגֵד) no alliance (of the surrounding nations) shall be formed against thee. Hif. הֶאֱגִיד , contr. הֵיגִיד, part. מֵיגִיד, מֵגִיד, to tie up, fence in, forbid. Erub. 21ᵇ; Pes. 87ᵃ Ms. M. (play on מגדים Cant. VII, 14) שמֵגִידוֹת וכ׳ who forbid &c., v. supra (Rashi: שמַגִּידוֹת, v. נגד, who announce their menstruation); v. אָגַד II. ↗ expanded
אֲגַד 1to tie. Part. pass. אָגִיד. Yeb. 39ᵇ הא אֲגִידָא ביה is she not tied to him?, hence he must marry her. ↗ expanded
אָגַד 2 (√גד, v. נגד a. גדל), Hif. הֵגִידto stretch, prolong, postpone. Erub. 21ᵇ; Pes. 87ᵃ (Ar. s. v. גד, v. however אָגַד I) שמֵגִידוֹת וכ׳ who postpone (reserve) sexual intimacy for their husbands. Y. Keth. V, 29ᵈ bot. אני מֵיגֶדֶת וכ׳ I will extend (spend all the time of) my widowhood in my husband’s house. ↗ expanded
אֲגַד 2 ; to be lengthened. Targ. Y. Ex. XIX, 13; Deut. XXX, 6. Denom. אוֹגְדוּתָא. ↗ expanded
אֲגַד 3 (foreg.) long staff, whence crutch. Targ. II Sam. III, 29 (some ed. אגר). pole used as a yoke to carry burdens on the shoulder. B. Mets. 83ᵃ דדרו בא׳ Ar., Ms. H., Oxf. &c. (Ms. M. איגרא, ed. אגרא, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) who carry a burden on a yoke. Bets. 30ᵃ (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 3); Sabb. 148ᵃ Ms. M. marg. אגרתא! (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 6). V. תִּגְדָּא. ↗ expanded
אֵגֶד (אגד I) tie, knot. Succ. 10ᵇ, a. fr. צריך א׳ must be tied together. Ib. הותר אִגְדּוֹ if the tie of the Lulab became loosened. Erub. 101ᵇ sq. בניטל באִגְדּוֹ (a. twice אִיגְ׳, Rabb. in D. S. a. l. באוּגְדּוֹ) when the door pin is handled by pulling the cord knotted to it. bunch. Y. Ter. II, 41ᵇ א׳ שנטמא a bunch of herbs that became unclean. surgical bandage. Sabb. 53ᵃ ↗ expanded
אֵגֶד ² Succ. 33ᵇ אי׳ מעלייתא וכ׳ (fem.!) it requires a substantial binding. ↗ expanded
אַגָּדָה (נגד, נ absorbed or dropped = הַגָּדָה) tale, story, lesson, esp. Agadah, that class of Rabb. literature which explains the Bible homiletically, opp. to Halakhah or legal interpretation (הֲלָכָה, שְׁמוּעָה). M. Kat. 23ᵃ שמ׳ וא׳ a legal tradition and an Agadah (homily). Y. Yeb. XII, 13ᵃ. Y. B. Bath. VI, 15ᶜ מסורת א׳ היא it is a traditional Agadah.—Y. Git. IV, 45ᶜ בא׳ … מאן דייק לן who among us can enter into what thy grandfather said?—בעל א׳ a lecturer on Agadah. Gen. R. s. 94; a. fr.—אֲגָּדַת תלים the Agadah on Psalms. Ib. s. 33.—Pl. אֲגָדוֹת, אַגָּ׳. Lev. R. s. 22, beg.; a. fr.—Cmp. אֲגַדְתָּא. ↗ expanded
אֲגֻדָּה, pl. אֲגֻדּוֹת Tosef. Makhsh. III, 8 ed. Zuck., v. אֲגוּדָּה. ↗ expanded
אֶגְדִּיקוֹס (אֶגְדִּיקָס, popular corrupt. אנד׳, cmp. אַנְדִּיסְקֵי) m. (ecdicus = cognitor sive defensor civitatis, esp. in Asia Minor) state’s agent, syndic. Gen. R. s. 12 א׳ ממונה על ביא שלה (ed. אנד׳; בית שלו, corr. acc.) when an ecdicus is in the country, he holds the authority over the public road (curator viæ, v. בִּיָּא). Yalk. Ps. 794 (a. Ar.) אגר׳, corr. acc.—Pl. אֶגְדִּיקִין, אנ׳. Cant. R. to VII, 9 (ed. אנ׳). ↗ expanded
אַגְדָּנָא (v. גַּד I a. גִּירָּא, P. Sm. 23) worm-wood (Rashi: horehound). Ab. Zar. 29ᵃ Ar. a. ed. (Ms. M. אוגרנא, with ר), in a prescription against asthma. Targ. Y. I Deut. XXIX, 17 אגד׳ (Var. אגר׳); ed. Vienna pl. אַגְדָּנַיָּא (אגר׳). ↗ expanded
אֲגַדְתָּא (= h. אֲגָדָה) Agadah, homiletic literature. B. Kam. 60ᵇ opp. שמעתתא. Sotah 49ᵃ יהא שמיה רבא דא׳ (abbr. יה"ש"ר) the kaddish (prayer) after lectures. Y. Sabb. XVI, 15ᶜ the Haggadah, i.e. the recitations for the Passover night. Pes. 115ᵇ א׳ והלילא Haggadah and Hallel. Ib. 116ᵇ מאן דאמר א׳ וכ׳ who recited the Hag. in the house of R. Joseph (who was blind)? ↗ expanded
אֵגֶה (אָגָה to sting, v. אָגָא, √אג = חג, v. חגג) thorn, thorn-bush. Y. Shebi. VII, 37ᵇ top.—Pl. אֵגִין. Y. Kil. V, 30ᵃ bot.; v. הֵיגֶה. ↗ expanded
אָגוֹגָא (אגג, v. אֵגֶה = h. חוֹגֵג q. v.) cleft, fissure. א׳ דמיאcataract, water-falls (issuing from a fissure). Lam. R. to I, 17 (play on ḥogeg ibid. Ps. XLII, 5) כהדין א׳ וכ׳ Ar. like the cataract that rests neither &c. [Ed. געגעא]. ↗ expanded
אֱגוֹד (אגד I) band. Y. Sabb. VI, 8ᵃ bot.; Y. Yeb. XII, 12ᵈ top א׳ מלבינקי a band (of bast) with which mala punica (pomegranates) are tied together.—Pl. אֱגוֹדִים, const. אֱגוֹדֵי. Peah VI, 10 א׳ השום stalks of garlic plant used for tying bunches; [oth. opin. bunches of garlic on one stalk], opp. to אגודות tied bunches. [Tosef. ib. III, 8 אוגוּרֵי ed. Zuck., piles of garlic, v. אֵגוֹר.] [Num. R. s. 4 beg. חטים אגודיהם, v. אֵגוֹרִי.] ↗ expanded
אֲגוּדָּה , v. foreg.) bundle, bunch. B. Mets. I, 8. Succ. 33ᵇ כא׳ של וכ׳ as a bunch of herbs is tied; a. fr. band, union; faction. Lev. R. s. 30; Gen. R. s. 88 א׳ אחת one brotherhood.—Pl. אֲגוּדּוֹת. Peah VI, 10; v. foreg. Makhsh. VI, 2 א׳ של בית וכ׳ (herb) bunches which have been lying in the market houses; v. Tosef. ib. III, 8.—Yeb. 13ᵇ (ref. to תתגדדו Deut. XIV, 1) לא תעשו א׳ א׳ do not form yourselves into religious factions. Ber. 4ᵃ א׳ א׳ in companies (amusing themselves). בֵּית א׳ pr. n. of a family, Beth-Aguddah. Mass. Sof’rim IV, 1 של ב׳ א׳ … the scribes of the family Beth-Ag. ↗ expanded
אֲגוּדָל (= גּוּדָל) thumb. Yoma II, 1. Cant. R. to III, 6. ↗ expanded
אֱגוֹז (b. h.) nut. Git. 64ᵇ (as signs of mental responsibility) א׳ ונוטלו if you throw a nut to it, and the child picks it up (at the same time throwing a pebble away); a. e.—Pl. אֱגוֹזִים, const. אֱגוֹזֵי. Orl. III, 8 נתפצעו הא׳ when the nuts are burst open. Ib. 7 אגוזי פרך crack-nuts (eatable); a. fr. [Tosef. Sabb. XIV (XV), 1 אגוז שבספינה ed. Zuck., read אוֹגִין, v. הוֹגִין.] [For etymol. cmp. אַגָּס.] ↗ expanded
אֱגוּזָא ; also nut-tree. Keth. 77ᵇ גירדא דא׳ scrapings of the bark of a nut-tree; v. אזגא.—Cmp. גּוּזָא, אַמְגּוּזָא. ↗ expanded
אָגוּסְטָאAugusta, title of a female member of the imperial family (of Rome), in gen. princess &c. Esth. R. to I, 9. [Tanʿh. Vaëra 8, א׳, read טוס …] ↗ expanded
*אָגוּסְטָאן (Augustanus, Augustianus) a servant in a colonia Augustana, (perhaps identical with Curialis or Decurio; cmp. Gibbon, ed. Milm. II, 142 sq., Amer. ed.). Snh. 26ᵃ יכול לומר … טאן וכ׳ Ms. M. (Ms. C. a. F. יסטוון … ed. אגיסטון, אגיסטין, corr. אגוסטיין) he may say (as an excuse for tilling in the Sabbath year), I am merely an imperial servant in the estate. ↗ expanded
אָגוּסְטוֹסAugustus, title of the Roman emperor, in gen. ruler, sovereign. Y. Ber. IX, 12ᵈ bot. as one uses indiscriminately בסיליוס קיסר א׳ (βασιλεύς) Basileus, Cæsar, Augustus; Gen. R. s. 8 (corr. acc.). Ex. R. s. 23, beg.; a. fr.—[Gen. R. s. 12 א׳ במדינה ed. (Ar. אגבאסטס) read אַגְוִיסְטוֹר or אַגְבָאִיסְטוֹר v. אנגיטוס.] ↗ expanded
אָגוּסְטְיָאנִיAugustiani, a Prætorian legion entitled to proclaim the emperor. Esth. R. to I, 3, end דקומייני א׳ the Decumani (or Decimani) and the Aug.—Gen. R. s. 94 גאו׳ (corr. acc.); v. Sachs. Beitr. I, 113 sq. ↗ expanded
אָגוּף (גּוּף I, גפף) sexual intercourse. Y. Git. VII, 48ᵈ לשייר לו אֲגוּפָהּ to reserve to himself the right of embracing her; Y. B. Bath. VIII, 16ᶜ top גופה. door-stop, v. אַגַּף.—[אִגּוּף v. אַגָּף.] ↗ expanded
אֵגוֹר (אגר I) heap, hill. Tosef. Shebi. III, 3 ואי׳ יוצא וכ׳ ed. Zuck. (Var. ואיגד) and a mound (of arable ground) rises out of it (the rock).—Pl. אֵגוֹרִים, אֵיג׳; const. אֵיגוֹרֵי. Tosef. Peah III, 8 אוגורי השום ed. Zuck. (Var. אגידי, אגודות, ed. אגודי, v. אֱגוֹד) heaps of garlic on the field, not yet bunched. ↗ expanded
אֱגוֹרָא 1 ; esp. heathen altar (cmp. b. h. גַּל). Targ. Jud. VI, 25; a. fr.—Pl. אֱגוֹרִין, אֵיג׳, אֲגוֹרַיָּא, אֵי׳. Targ. II Kings XXI, 3; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֵגוֹרִי (v. אֵגוֹר, אֲגוֹרָה)fit for storage, of good quality. Kel. XVII, 8 the olive (as a size standard) … neither large nor small, but of medium size, זה א׳ which is the kind called egori. Ber. 39ᵃ; Y. Bicc. I, 63ᵈ (etymol. explan.); v. אִבְרוֹסִי. Yalk. Deut. 851 זית א׳. Gen. R. s. 91, end מור אי׳ myrrh fit for storage.—Pl. אֵגוֹרִין Num. R. s. 4 beg. חטים אגודיהן, read אֵגוֹרִין הם are all storage wheat (opp. טינופת). Cmp. אגרו. ↗ expanded
אַגְטְרַגְטָא (καταῤῥάκτης, cataracta) cataract, cascade.—Pl. אַגְטְרַגְטַיָּיא Y. M. Kat. I, beg. 80ᵇ אילין א׳ מה וכ׳ what is your opinion about those cascades? ↗ expanded
אגין Tanḥ. Emor. 18, v. בַּאיִין.—Y. Sabb. II, 5ᵇ כפר א׳, read אָנוּן = חָנוּן Gen. R. s. 6. ↗ expanded
*אַגֵּין (denom. of אגן, אוגנא, Pa.) to form disks or cakes (of wax). Y. Sabb. VII, 10ᵇ bot. ההן דא׳ גיר קררין he who forms cakes of wax dust (on a Sabbath). ↗ expanded
אגינו Gen. R. s. 56, some ed. אנונו—a corrupt passage, prob. to be read: ששמר את גנו משבולת הנהר והקיף את גן בנו עמו. ↗ expanded
אָגִיסwife’s brother or kindred, brother-in-law, v. גִּיס. Snh. III, 7 ed. Y.; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אִגְלָא (v. גַּל, גלל)outside-door, city-gate.—Pl. אִגְלֵי, אִיגְלֵי. B. Bath. 8ᵃ הכל לאי׳ גפא Ar. (ed. לאג׳. all must contribute towards keeping the city gates in repair.; B. Mets. 108ᵃ (Ms. M. גַלֵּי). ↗ expanded
אֲגָלִיםrounded things, rain-drops. Ḥag. 12ᵇ עליית א׳ (allus. to Job XXXVIII, 28) the upper store in heavens containing the rains. [V. Var. lect. in Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 200.] ↗ expanded
אֲגַם 1to be bent, whence to be in grief. Targ. Ps. CXIX, 28. ↗ expanded
אֲגַם 2 v. foreg. a. anything bending and peeling, whence leek, or leek-like plants, opp. to שחת young grain &c. Kidd. 62ᵇ this refers only to shaḥathאבל בא׳ לא but not to ăgam. Ib. מאי משמע דהאי א׳ לישנא דבוצלנא הוא (Ar. דבוצלא) what proof have you that ăgam in this case has the meaning of onion-plants? (Answ. ref. to אגמון Is. LVIII, 5). (b. h.) reed, reed-land (juncetum), dwelling places of wild beasts, opp. שָׂדֶה cultivated land. Taan. 22ᵃ ↗ expanded
אַגָּם (גמם) a field which requires clearing in order to be made arable, uncleared ground containing roots of trees &c. Ab. Zar. 38ᵃ הצית את האור בא׳ set fire to an uncleared field. Y. ib. II, 44ᵈ bot. א׳ תמרים a field on which palms stood, the roots of which must be grubbed up. ↗ expanded
אַגַּמָּא Ab. Zar. 38ᵃ לגלוי א׳ וכ׳ his intention was merely to clear the ground. ↗ expanded
אַגְמָא (גום, v. אֲגַם) a depression, stagnant water, lake; also marshland, meadow. B. Mets. 36ᵇ הבלא דא׳ the vapors of the meadow; a. fr. קטל קני בא׳ to cut reeds in the meadow = to be illiterate. Sabb. 95ᵃ; Snh. 33ᵃ.—Pl. אֲגָמִין, אַגְמַיָּא. Targ. Is. XXXV, 7; a. e.—אַגְמֵי. Sabb. 77ᵇ דייר בא׳ grazes in meadows. ↗ expanded
אַגְמָא 2Agma, in Babylon. B. Mets. 86ᵃ.—B. Bath. 127ᵃ; Kidd. 72ᵃ אקרא דא׳ Akra d’Agma, v. אַקְרָא Snh. 38ᵇ אקרא דא׳ (Ar. אגמא דוקירי; oth. var. v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note). ↗ expanded
אַגְמָה (v. אֲגַם I,) esp. אַגְמַת נפש (עַגְ׳) grief of the soul. M. Kat. 14ᵇ; a. fr. Ms. M., s. Ar. א׳ (ed. ע). ↗ expanded
אַגְמוֹןreed, cane.—בעל הא׳ cane-bearer, a subordinate executive officer. Y. Sot. IX, 24ᵇ top; a. e., v. זְמוֹרָה. ↗ expanded
אַגָּנָא , v. אוֹגֶן) basin, kettle. Sabb. 110ᵃ א׳ דתיחלא a basin filled with cress. Ab. Zar. 31ᵃ א׳ אפומא וכ׳ Ms. M. (ed. דפ׳) a basin-like vessel placed over the opening of the cask. Pes. 45ᵇ.—Ber. 22ᵃ בא׳ דמיא in a bath tub.—Pl. אַגָּנִין, אַגָּנֵי, אֲנָ׳. Targ. Is. LXV, 11.—Pes. 30ᵇ א׳ דמחוזא the kneading basins of Mâḥuza.—מֵישַׁר אֲגָנַיָיא pr. n. pl. Targ. Jud. IV, 11; Y. Meg. I, 70ᵃ bot. אגנייא דקדש, later name of בצעניםpools of Kadesh. [B. Kam. 61ᵇ אגני דארעא Ms. R., ponds of the field, v. בָּאגָנָא a. נָאגָנָא.] ↗ expanded
*אגניטוס (Var. v. infra) name of a Roman general in the days of R. Yoḥ. b. Zakkai, or of R. Gamliël, prob. a corrupt. of אגוינטוסQuintus, or אגויטוסQuietus; [Graetz: Atticus, v. Monatsschr. 1885 p. 17 sq.]. Sifré Deut. 351 אגניטוס. Y. Snh. I, 19ᵇ top אנגטוס; ib. ᶜ bot. אנטונונוס; ib. ᵈ top אנטיגנס. Num. R. s. 4 (קונגטיס) הונגטוס; Bekh. 5ᵃ קונטרוקוס. [אגוינטוס, קוינטוס, קוינגטוס seem most probable.] ↗ expanded
אֲגַנְתָּא = אַגָּנָא. Targ. II Esth. I, 2. (גנן) protection, guard. Num. R. s. 12; Midr. Till. to Ps. XCI, 2 maḥăsi (Ps. l. c.) means אֲגַנְתִּיmy guard↗ expanded
אַגָּס (Tosef. עוּגָּס) m. (גוס, גסס to swell, v. גַּס III, cmp. תַּפּוּחַ) pear, pear-tree. [In oth. Semit. dial. except Syr., plum, Fl. to Levi Talm. Dict. s. v.] Y. Kil. I, 27ᵃ bot.; Tosef. ib. I, 4. Ib. II, 15 (Var. עובש).—Pl. אַגָּסִים, עוּגָּסִים) אַגָּסִין). Y. Ter. XI, 47ᵈ bot. Kil. I, 4. Tosef. Shebi. VII, 16; a. fr. [Cmp. אֱגוֹז, esp. Cant. VI, 11, where the context points to fruits in gen. Cmp. חָבוּשׁ.] ↗ expanded
אֶגְסִיטֵרִין (ἐξιτήριον S.) farewell-address, bequest. [Mostly corrupt.] Midr. Till. to Ps. LXXXIV. Midr. Till. to Ps. LXXXVI, 1. Midr. Till. to Ps. XXVII. Pesik. Aḥaré p. 175ᵃ; 175ᵇ סקווטריס; Lev. R. s. 21 סקויטרים, read אקסיטרין (v. Buber to Pesik. l. c.). ↗ expanded
אָגַף (sec. r. of גְּפַף, v. גּוּף) to fill up a hole with pitch &c. B. Kam. 105ᵃ. ↗ expanded
אַגָּף (גּוּף I) the moulding or eminence of the door frame against which the door shuts, door-stop (esp. of door-ways in thick city walls &c. with reference to sacred limits in sacrificial law). Pes. VII, 12 מן הא׳ ולפנים וכ׳ the space of the wall inside the door-stop is subject to the laws which apply to the space enclosed by the wall. Ib. 85ᵇ א׳ עצמו the stop itself and the corresponding space. Y. ib. VII, 35ᵇ אגוף. ↗ expanded
אֲגַף com. (v. foreg. = גַּף; cmp. b. h. אֲגַפִּים) wing, pinion. Pl. אֲגַפִּים; Du.אֲגַפַּיִים. Neg. XIV, 1. Gen. R. s. 39; a. e. winged animals, poultry. Succ. 42ᵃ arms, shoulders of a human being. Y. Snh. VII, 24ᵇ bot. יכול יטלינו מבין הא׳ you might think the convict must be cut through at the arm-pits. Sabb. 129ᵃ חבירותיה נושאות וכ׳ her mates lift her by her arms. banks of river &c. B. Kam. 61ᵃ a rivulet which imparts שלל לאֲגַפֶּיהָ booty (alluvium) to its banks. B. Bath. 99ᵇ שכלו א׳ whose embankments have disappeared (washed away). ↗ expanded
אֲגַפָּא , wing. Gen. R. s. 75, beg. מנערא אֲגַפָּהּ וכ׳ shakes her wings to shake the ashes off. [Targ. Ezek. I, 14, prob. אַנְפָּא.]. [B. Bath. 8ᵃ, v. גַּפָּא.]—Pl. אֲגַפַּיָּא, const. אֲגַפֵּי. Targ. Cant. V, 11. Cmp. גַּדְפָא, גַּפָּא. ↗ expanded
אָגַר 1 , v. גרר) to gather, collect. Y. Yoma III, 41ᵃ top (expl. ăgartlé, Ezr. I, 9). Y. Bicc. I, 63ᵈ bot. שהוא אוֹגֵר וכ׳ it stores up its oil, (does not-let it trickle out), v. אֵגוֹרִי; Ber. 39ᵃ שמנו אָגוּר וכ׳ its oil remains stored up.—Y. Nidd. III, beg. 50ᶜ top דם אָגוּר blood collected in one place.—Trnsf. to store up thoughts, arguments. Sifré Deut. 16 (play on géro Deut. I, 16) זה שאוֹגֵר עליו דברים that means him who heaps arguments up against him (his opponent in litigation). Ex. R. s. 6 אגור שא׳ דברי תורה (Var. שאִיגֵּרPi.) he is called Agur (Prov. XXX, 1) because he collected words of the Law (stored up knowledge); Koh. R. beg. שאָגוּר בד"ת because he was stored (or girded, v. אָגַר II) with knowledge. Cant. R. to I, 1 end. [Sabb. 60ᵃ אוגרת ed., v. אָגַד.] Nif. נֶאֱגַרto be gathered. Num. R. s. 20 beg. (play on ויגר Num. XXII, 3) וחן נֶאֱגָרִין לעריהם and they were gathered to their towns (for defence). Hif. הוֹגִיר, , to store up. Tosef. Dem. I, 10 המוֹגִירוֹת the store-keepers’ places; v. מוֹגָרָה, מוֹגֶרֶת. ↗ expanded
אֲגַר 1 ; Pa. אַגַּרto heap up. Targ. Y. Deut. I, 16 דמְאַגַּר וכ׳ (ed. Vien. מֶאֱגַר—) who heaps up litigations, v. foreg. [Targ. Ps. CIV, 7 למיגר Ms., v. נְגַד.] ↗ expanded
אָגַר 2 (√אג, v. חגר).). to gird, arm. Midr. Prov. to XXX, 1 שא׳ חלציו who girded his loins for wisdom; Yalk. Prov. a. l. Part. pass. אָגוּר, v. אָגַר I. to halt, whence part. f. אוֹגֶרֶת (sub. סַכִּין) a knife having indentations which catch the passing nail of the examiner. Ḥull. 17ᵇ.— to occupy space. B. Bath. 14ᵃ (intercharging with אָכַל q. v.). ↗ expanded
אֲגַר 2 (אָגַר) (√אג, akin to חכר; v. foreg.) prop. to tie, whence to hire, employ, rent. Targ. Gen. XXX, 16; a. fr.—Koh. R. to IV, 6; Lev. R. s. 3 beg. (prov.) גינא וכ׳ דא׳ he who rents one garden will eat birds; him who rents gardens, the birds will eat. Git. 73ᵃ אגור מלחי they hired boatsmen. Snh. 73ᵃ מֵיגַר אֲגִירֵי to hire help. Y. Taan. I, 64ᵇ bot. מיגר זנייתא hiring prostitutes. B. Mets. 79ᵃ; a. fr. Af. אוֹגַרsame. Targ. Y. Deut. XXIII, 5 (4).—B. Mets. 77ᵃ (interch. with Pe.) (אגירי) אוגיר אגורי engages laborers. to rent out, lease. Erub. 63ᵇ אוֹגַר לן רשותך lease to us thy property. Y. Dem. VI, 25ᵇ top. Y. Taan. I, 64ᵇ bot. אוגרית חמרי I hired my ass out. Ithpa. אִיתַּגַּר,Ithpe. אִתְּגַר (contr. of איתאגר) to be hired, to work as a laborer. Targ. O. Deut. XXIII, 25; a. e.—Yoma 20ᵇ (prov.) אי תגרת וכ׳ (combine into one w.) when thou hast hired thyself out to one, comb his wool (shrink from no labor). ↗ expanded
אֲגַר 3 (foreg.) rent, wages; reward, profit. Targ. Gen. XV, 1; a. fr.—B. Mets. 63ᵇ א׳ נטר ליה compensation for waiting (giving time for delivery), i.e. advancing the money to the seller. Ib. 68ᵇ פלגא בא׳ כ׳ half profit or loss. Ib. 69ᵇ א׳ ופגרא payment for carrying freight, and indemnity to the boatsmen in case of wreck. Y. M. Kat. II, 81ᵇ top א׳ וקרנא profit and principal (cost-price).—Y. B. Mets. II, 8ᶜ top מא׳ כל הדין עלמא than all profit this world can offer.—2) that which deserves reward, meritorious deed. Ber. 6ᵇ א׳ דפירקא ריהטא the merit in attending a lecture lies in running [to it] (anxiety to hear it). [אֲגַר, אַגְרָאstaff, pole, v. אגד.] ↗ expanded
אֲגַרְדְּמִיס (freq. אגרדמים) m. (a corrupt. of ἀγοράνομος, v. אַגְרוֹנִימוֹס) agoranomos, corresponding to the Roman ædilis, market commissioner, gauger, &c. Ab. Zar. 58ᵃ א׳ נכרי (כותי, Ms. V. גוי א׳) a gentile agoran.—B. Kam. 98ᵃ א׳ טייעא an Arabian agoran.—B. Bath. 89ᵃ מעמידין א׳ וכ׳ Ar. (ed. מִין—plur.) an agoran. may be appointed for superintending measures, but not for fixing the prices.—Pl. אֲגַרְדְּמִין B. Bath. l. c. (v. supra). [Pesik. Asser p. 96ᵃ לא׳ שיצא (sing.) Ar. (ed. להגרונימוס read לא׳, cmp. Yalk. Ps. 729).]—אֲגַרְדִּימִים Sifra K’doshim ch. VIII; cmp. Y. B. Bath. V, 15ᵃ bot. [Oth. corrupt. v. Pesik. l. c. note.] ↗ expanded
אִגְּרוּ (אגר I, Pi; cmp. אֵגוֹרִי) (grain) fit for storage, of superior quality. Y. Maas. Sh. IV, beg. 54ᵈ מן הא׳ על השמתית וכ׳ T’rumah may be taken from the stored-up wheat for the wheat which has to be quickly disposed of, or vice versa. Y. Peah. II, 17ᵃ חצי איגדו וכ׳ (read איגרו). Y. Naz. V, 54ᵃ שחתית ונמצאת אגרון (corr. acc.) from dark colored wheat (inferior), and found it was igg’ru (superior). [R. Simson to Peah II, 5 quotes אֵגוֹרִי; El. W. in Sh’noth El. ibid. אֲגוֹרָה.] [B. Bath. V, 6 has לבנהwhite, pure for our w.] ↗ expanded
אַגְרוֹמֵי (a corrupt. of אגרונומי, cmp. אגרדמיס a. next. art.) costum-collectors, (cmp. Sm. Ant. s. v. Agoranomos). Gen. R. s. 75 ed. (Ar. איגרמי). ↗ expanded
אַגְרוֹנִימוֹס (corr. אַגְרוֹנוֹ׳), contr. אַנְגַּרְמוֹס m. (ἀγοράνομος) agoranomos, market-commissioner; v. אֲגַרְדְּמִיס a. אַגְרוֹמֵי. Y. Dem. II, 22ᶜ top שהיה א׳ גדול the agor. was an influential man. Y. Ab. Zar. IV, 44ᵇ top. Lev. R. s. 1 אגרונימון (corr. acc.). Y. B. Bath. V, 15ᵃ bot. אנג׳ (twice); a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֶגְרוֹףfist; fig. power, usurpation. Kel. XVII, 12. Ex. R. s. 1.—בעל א׳ mighty, violent. Y. Peah. VII, 20ᶜ top; v. infra.—Sot. 41ᵇ אגרופָהּ של חנופה the power of sycophancy.—Pl. אֶגְרוֹפִים, אֶגְרוֹפִין. Kidd. 76ᵇ בעלי א׳ וכ׳ the men of power of the house of David; Snh. 49ᵃ. Pes. 53ᵇ בעל א׳ a strong, violent man (opp. גברא רבה a great man). ↗ expanded
אַגְרוּפִּינָאAgrippina, one of the signal stations for announcing the New-Moon, prob. a tower or height near Cæsarea Philippi, enlarged by Agrippa II. R. Hash. II, 4 (22ᵇ) לא׳ … מא׳ Ms. M. 2, Mish. Nap. (ed. מג׳ … לג׳; Y. ed. מגְּרִיפּ׳ …; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 4). ↗ expanded
אַגְרִיאוֹן (ἄγριος, neut. or. acc.) wild (opp. אִימִירוֹן q. v.); rough. Gen. R. s. 77; Cant. R. to III, 6 כלב א׳. Num. R. s. 11 (refer. to Gen. III, 8) שומע הקול א׳ after sinning, Adam heard the divine voice as a harsh one. Cant. R. to III, 7 (corr. acc.). Pesik. R. s. 15 בזעף א׳ וכ׳ … (leave out hebr. words as glosses to explain the Greek). ↗ expanded
אַגְרִיפַּס (Ἀγρίππας) Agrippa, the last but one Herodian king of Judæa. Sot. VII, 8. Lev. R. s. 3; a. fr.—2) a captain of the former.—Ab. Zar. 55ᵃ אגריפא שר צבא של א׳ Ms. M. (v. Rashi a. l. a. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note). ↗ expanded
*אִגְּרַתIgrath, name of the queen of demons Pes. 111ᵃ א׳ אזלת (an incantation). Ib. 112ᵃ. Num. R. s. 12. Cmp. נְגִירָא. ↗ expanded
אִגֶּרֶת , to join, v. esp. Snh. 11ᵇ; ושלש איגרות וכ׳) tablet, letter, brief, document. Git. IX, 3 (formula of a letter of divorce) ספר … וא׳ … וגט וכ׳. Ib. 85ᵇ ולא … איגרת … אלא אגרת one must not write (in the letter of divorce) egereth with אי׳ which might mean roof (v. אִיגָר), but &c. Keth. 64ᵃ; Y. Kidd. I, 59ᵃ bot. א׳ מרד a document stating a wife’s disobedience. Y. Meg. IV, 75ᵇ top; Y. Snh. I, 19ᵇ top א׳ ביקורת a document fixing the value of a property, v. אַכְרָזָה.—Pl. אִגָּרוֹת, אִיגָּרוֹת. M. Kat. III, 3 א׳ שׁל רשות secular, social correspondence, opp. religious correspondence; cmp. Y. ib. 82ᵃ bot.; [commentaries: documents of secular government, v. רָשׁוּת]. Ib.; B. Mets. I, 8 א׳ שׁום א׳ מזון documents relating to legal assessment and to alimony. ↗ expanded
אגש Lam. R. to I, 21; Pesik. Anokhi p. 138ᵇ, v. גּוּשׁ↗ expanded
אַדְּ־ insep. insep. conjunct. (= עַד דְּ־; cmp. אַ־) prop. until that; by the time that; hence, while, when, in the place of. Ḥag. 5ᵃ אדזוטר when he was young.—Ḥull. 105ᵇ, a. fr. אדהכי or אדהכי והכיin the meanwhile. Pes. 113ᵃ אדחלא אכרעיך וכ׳ while the travelling dust is yet on thy knees, sell thy goods. Snh. 33ᵇ אדמוקדך יקיד while thy fire-place is lit. B. Mets. 81ᵃ, a. fr. ליתני וכ׳—אדתני in place of stating A let him state B, and A would be implied. (= עַל דְּ־) as regards—, in relation to the statement &c. of—. Keth. 21ᵃ אדחד דעמיה on (the testimony) of one who was with him. B. Bath. 159ᵇ, a. fr. קשיא דרבא אַדְּרָבָא there is a contradiction between (one opinion) of Raba and another opinion of Raba; B. Mets. 18ᵃ אַדְּרַבָּה … of Rabbah (not to be confounded with אַדְרַבָּא q. v.). Meg. 20ᵃ אַדְּיוֹם in relation to (the reading of the Book of Esther) in day-time. ↗ expanded
אֵדvapor, cloud. Gen. R. s. 13 (homil. etym.). אד שהוא שובר אידן וכ׳ cloud is called ēd (destroyer) because it breaks the ēd (distress of scarcity) looked forward to by the speculators in the market. V. אֵיד. ↗ expanded
אָדָא 1 (v. הָא) this, that. Y. Ber. III. end, 7ᵃ, a. fr. הדא אמרת היא הדא היא א׳ this shows that this is like that, i.e. all the same. Y. Erub. IV, end, 22ᵃ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אָדָא 2 (v. אָדָא IV) Ada, name of several Amoraim; (v. Frankel Meb. Y. p. 61ᵇ). Y. Ter. X, 47ᵇ bot. Pes. 80ᵃ; a. fr.—Most prominent among them R. Ada bar Ahăba or Aḥăva. Y. Taan. III, end, 67ᵃ; Bab. ibid. 20ᵇ; a. fr. A. דיילא, דיאלא (attendant of scholars). B. Kam. 119ᵃ. Num. R. s. 9. a slave. Kidd. 70ᵇ ↗ expanded
אָדָא 4צֹדֶה; cmp. b. h. עַדprey, a. אֵידdestruction) fowler, one who puts up baits, snares &c. for other people’s doves. Snh. 25ᵃ (explain. mafriḥe yonim, Mishn.) אמר א׳—ר׳ Ms. M. a. Oxf., a. Ar. (ed. ארא; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l., a. Ar.) R—says, the Mishnah means a fowler (to be disqualified as witness &c.). ↗ expanded
אֶדְבַּעfinger. Targ. Y. Num. XIX, 4; a. e. ↗ expanded
אַדְדָא (אַדְרָא ed.) m. (√אד, v. אָדַר, cmp. חד, חדר, חדק &c.) fish-bone sticking in the throat. Sabb. 67ᵃ לא׳ וכ׳ against a fish-bone in the throat, say this spell. [For דד a. דר cmp. אודדא.] ↗ expanded
אַדְווּתָא (Syr. דועתא דימא P. S. 933, דוע to sweat, drip; cmp. אֵד) prop. sweat, א׳ דימאfoam of the Sea. B. Bath. 4ᵃ; Succ. 51ᵇ (Ms. M. אידותא) the Temple building of marble looks like a surging Sea (from a distance). Cmp. אוּדְיָיתָא a. אֲזִי. ↗ expanded
אָדוֹם , אֲדוּמָּה f. (b. h. red. Cant. R. to VII, 3, שושנה א׳ red rose (euphem. for menstruation).—פרה א׳ red cow, used for purification ceremonies (Num. XIX). Ab. Zar. 24ᵃ; a. fr.—Lam. R. to IV, 5, v. קְלוּרִית.—Pl. אֲדוּמִּים, אֲדוּמּוֹת; Y. Succ. II, 53ᵈ, v. אֲדַמְדָּם.—Gen. R. s. 89; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֱדוֹם pr. n. m. Edom, surname of Esau, son of Isaac; mostly used as a nom. gentil. Edomite, Edomite nation fem. (sub. מלכות) Rome, Roman government (owing to the dependence of Herod on Rome). Ex. R. s. 35; a. fr. Ibid. מלכות א׳; a. fr. [In subsequent ages: Christianity.] ↗ expanded
אֱדוֹמִיEdomite, Idumean. Keth. 30ᵃ חייבי עשה מצרי וא׳ the laws of intermarriage with Egyptians and Edomites as implied in Deut. XXIII, 8.—Pes. III, 1 חומץ הא׳ Idumean vinegar; a. e.—Snh. 12ᵃ ולא הניחן א׳ הלז Ar. a. Ms. M. (later ed. under censorial influences ארמי, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) and that Edomite (disguise for Roman government, v. foreg.) would not permit them.—Fem. אֲדוֹמִית.—Pl. אֲדוֹמִיּוֹת. Keth. 64ᵇ שעורין א׳ Idumean barley. ↗ expanded
אָדוֹן , const. אֲדוֹן (b. h.; lord, judge. Ḥag. 3ᵇ אֲ׳ כל המעשים Lord of all creatures. Y. Kidd. IV, beg. 65ᵇ (allud. to Adon, pr. n., Neh. VII, 61) אין דין אין א׳ there is no justice and not judge. Gen. R. s. 89 (play on Kar, Is. XXX, 23) קירי א׳ Kyri (κύριος) means Lord. ↗ expanded
אֲדוֹנָהmistress. Gen. R. s. 89 נצטער יוסף עם אֲדוֹנָתוֹ Joseph suffered while being with his mistress. Ib. s. 98 (play on ben porath Gen. XLIX, 22) בן שהפר לא׳ וכ׳ the youth that broke (defeated the plans of) his mistress; the youth whom his mistress broke (having him put in prison). Ib. (play on vay-mar’ruhu Gen. ib. 23) וכ׳ בן שהמר the youth who made life bitter to his mistress (v. vers. Mat. K. a. l.). ↗ expanded
אֲדוּרֵי (הדר) procession. א׳ צלמא a procession in which an idol is carried. Y. Ab. Zar. III, 43ᵇ bot.; Y. Ber. II, 4ᵇ אה׳ צילמי׳; Y. Shek. II, end, 47ᵃ דארורא צילמא (read אדורי דצ׳); Midr. Sam. ch. XIX צלמא הורדוסיס(?). ↗ expanded
אֲדִי (= ידי, b. h. הדה) to swing, throw, pitch. Snh. 7ᵃ, v. גְּזִיזָא. B. Kam. 22ᵃ; Bets. 39ᵃ אַדְיֵיה אדויי he threw it off. B. Kam. 98ᵃ אדייה א׳ he pitched it out of his neighbor’s hands. ↗ expanded
אֲדַיִין (= עֲדַיִין; אַד = עַד a. יין = הֵין; h. עַד הֵנָּה) until now; whence, still, yet; as yet. Y. Ber. IV, 8ᵃ bot. אין את לזו וא׳ art thou not yet up to this, i.e. dost thou not yet understand it? Y. Taan. II, 65ᶜ bot. א׳ את לזו. Y. Git. IX, end, 50ᵈ וא׳ את ליי art thou still at that point, i.e. dost thou still ask? Y. Peah I, 15ᶜ; Y. Kidd. I, 61ᵇ top וא׳ לחצי וכ׳ and yet he has hardly come up to half the honor due to parents. ↗ expanded
אֲדִימָּא (= h. אָדוֹם) red, full of sap, fresh. Bets. 24ᵇ, Rashi; v. however, הֲדַם. ↗ expanded
אֱדַיִן (= h. אֲזַי, אָז; √ד־ = h. ז־) at that time, thereupon. Dan. II, 15; 17; 19.—בֵּאדַ׳ at the same time, forthwith. Ibid. 14; 35.—מן א׳ from that time. Ezra V, 16. ↗ expanded
אַדְכָּרָה (דְּכַר) mention, esp. invocation of the Lord, Divine Name. Y. Ber. IV, 8ᵃ top לכל חדא וחדא מנהון אדכרה for each benediction an invocation. R. Hash. 18ᵇ בטילת אדכרתא the use of the Divine Name in legal documents was abolished. (= b. h. אַזְכָּרָח) memorial offering. Targ. O. Lev. II, 2; a. e. ↗ expanded
אֲדָל (√אד, עד dial. = חד, גד; cmp. גַּד I, גִּידָּא II, חַרְדָּל) garden-cress, summer-savory. Tosef. Shebi. V, 11 (ed. Zuck. אדיל). Ukts. III, 4 ע׳. Y. Shebi. VII, 37ᶜ bot. ערל; ib. 37ᵇ bot. ערלה (corr. acc.) ↗ expanded
אַדְלָקָה (= הַדְלָקָה) lighting. Pl. אַדְלָקוֹת. Y. Shebi. VII, beg. 37ᵇ מיני א׳ sorts of plants used for lighting purposes. ↗ expanded
אֲדַם , v. הֲדַם. [v. Rabb. D. S. to Ab. Zar. 38ᵇ, Bets. 24ᵇ, note.] ↗ expanded
אָדַם , v. דמם) [to be viscous, thick, dark] to be red, grow red. Pi. אִדֵּםto redden, make red. Y. Sabb. VII, 10ᶜ top המְאַדֵּם אודם he who produces a red spot (congestion of blood, on a Sabbath). Hif. הֶאֱדִים (b. h.) (b. h.) to be, grow red. Num. R. s. 9 (p. 231ᵇ ed. Amst.) מַאֲדֶמֶת (היתה) if she was red-faced. Ḥull. 53ᵇ; a. fr. to cause to blush, put to shame (usu. הלבין). Num. R. s. 4 (p. 218ᵈ ed. Amst.) (play on עובד אדום).—Part. מַאֲדִים the planet Mars. Sabb. 156ᵃ.—Part. Hof. מְאָדָּם, מְאוּדָּם. Y. Sabb. VII, 10ᶜ top מְאָדָּמִים dyed red. ↗ expanded
אָדָם m. (b. h.) man, pr. n. m. Adam, frequ. א׳ הראשון (abbr. אה"ר). Gen. R. s. 17; a. fr.—ספרו של, ספרא דאה"ר אה"ר the (allegorical) book of Adam containing all generations and their leaders from beginning to resurrection, i.e. destinies of humanity. Ex. R. s. 40 beg. B. Mets. 85ᵇ bot. ↗ expanded
אֲדָם (= דָּם, דְּמָא) blood. Targ. I Chron. XXII, 7; a. e.—Y. Maas. Sh. V, 56ᵈ top מגבלא אַדְמֵיה to mix its (the bird’s) blood. Git. 47ᵃ; v. חוּל II. Pl. אַדְמִין. Targ. I Chr. l. c.; a. e. ↗ expanded
אֲדַמְדָּם (b. h.) reddish. Y. Succ. III, 53ᵈ איזהו א׳ שׁבאדומים which of the red colors is called adamdam?—Shebu. 6ᵃ reddish leprosy (Lev. XIII, 42); a. e. ↗ expanded
אֲדָמָה , cmp. foreg.; thick and moist) [earth], clay. Gen. R. s. 14 the potter takes sand (עפר) which is male (masc. gender) and clay (אדמה) which is female (fem. gender).—Sabb. VIII, 5 א׳ כחותם וכ׳ as much clay as is required for a seal on bag-knots. [For the meaning of the phonetic equivalents of our w. in other Semit. tongues, v. Ges. H. Dict. s. v.] ↗ expanded
אַדְמוּמִית (אדם) redness. Ḥull. 87ᵇ, a. e. מראה א׳ reddish color. ↗ expanded
אַדְמוֹןAdmon, one of the justices of the peace in Jerusalem. Keth. XIII, 1.—Ib. 105ᵃ א׳ בן גדאי. ↗ expanded
אַדְמוֹנִיruddy, gold-colored, esp. with refer. to hair. Y. Ned. I, 36ᵈ bot. ↗ expanded
אֲדָמִיAdami (Josh. XIX, 33). Y. Meg. I, 70ᵃ bot. וא׳ דמיןAdami changes into Damin↗ expanded
אֲדַמְתָּא (= h. אֲדָמָה) earth. Targ. O. Gen. II, 5; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֶדֶן v. אוּדְנָא III; √דן, base, pedestal. Pl. אֲדָנִים. Y. Sabb. VII, 10ᵈ top; Babl. ib. 98ᵇ. Y. Shek. I, 45ᵈ bot. ↗ expanded
אַדְנוּת (אָדוֹן) lordship, authority. Gen. R. s. 93; a. e. ↗ expanded
אֲדֹנָי plur. excellentiæ) the Lord, Adonai. Gen. R. s. 17; Koh. R. to VII, 23. ↗ expanded
אַדְנֵיname of a mythical animal, orangoutang(?). Kil. VII, 5, defined Y. ibid. 31ᶜ bot. בר נש דטורmountain-man, brought forth by the mountain and drawing nourishment from the ground (cmp. Job V, 23). Koh. R. to VI, 11. ↗ expanded
אָדַק (√אד, v. הדק, חדק)to squeeze into, fasten. Part. pass. אָדוּק, pl. אֲדוּקִים, אֲדוּקִיןfastened to. B. Bath. 77ᵇ בשאדוקין בו Ms. M. (ed. באד׳) when the mules are attached to the wagon; cmp. טכס a. טקס (cmp. אָחוּז s. v. אחז) holding fast. B. Mets. 7ᵃ; 7ᵇ sq. ↗ expanded
אֲדַק , (neut. v.) to be fastened, stick to. Targ. Lam. IV, 8.—Part. pass. אָדִיק, attached, cleaving to. Targ. Ps. XXII, 16 א׳ ל־ Ms. (ed. אדביק). Targ. Ex. XXVIII, 28; a. e. Pa. אַדֵּקto fasten to, to cause to take hold. Targ. Y. Deut. XXVIII, 21. to seize, take hold of. Ibid. id5 ויאדקונכון (ed. Vien. a. oth. ויערק׳ corr. ד for ר). Ithpa. אִתְאַדֵּקto join, cling to. Targ. Job. XLI, 9; 15 (Ms. מידבק). ↗ expanded
*אדקולאון Cant. R. to I, 11 לא׳ בן הדימה (Var. לאר׳ כן) a gloss inserted in the text, and which read לאו דוקא אלא כן הדימם ‘not to be taken literally’ (that the Divine Word kissed every Israelite &c.), ‘but he made them so imagine’. ↗ expanded
אָדַרto cut off, surround, isolate; whence (b. h.) to distinguish.—Den. אַדִּיר. (Assyr. v. אֲדָר) to darken. *to strip. cmp. עדר.—B. Kam. 11ᵃ (ref. to עד Ex. XXII, 12, v. עַד in H. Dict.) יביא אֲדוּרָה לב"ד Ar. (ed. עֲדוּדָה, v. עדד; Ms. ארורה, corr. acc.) let him bring the stripped (the remnants of the torn animal, skin &c.) before court for assessment of damages. ↗ expanded
אֲדַר v. אִדְּרָא, אִדְרָא, אִדְּרוֹנָא.Pa. אַדַּרto distinguish. Snh. 63ᵇ (play on Adrammelekh II Kings XVI, 31) דא׳ ליה וכ׳ (the mule) that gives distinction to its owner when travelling. ↗ expanded
אֲדָר Assyr. the cloudy; v. Fred. Delitzsch, The Hebr. Lang. p. 15) Adar, the twelfth month of the Jewish calendar, containing twenty nine days, and varying between the eleventh of February and the twenty eighth of March. In leap years: א׳ רִאשֹׁוןFirst Adar, of thirty days duration between the thirty first of January and the tenth of March; א׳ שֵׁנִיSecond Adar, of twenty nine days, between the second of March and the eighth of April. Targ. II Esth. IX, 29; a. fr.—Meg. I, 4; a. fr.—Pl. אֲדָרִים, אֲדָרִין. R. Hash. 19ᵇ ↗ expanded
אִדַּר (אדר, נדר v. אָדַר) a place cut off, circle (cmp. זִירָה), whence threshing place, barn; also the grain piled up in the barn for threshing; cmp. גּוֹרֶן. Targ. Hos. II, 11 בעידן א׳ at the season of its being piled up; a. fr.—Gen. R. s. 63 the shovel דאפיך אי׳ which upturns the grain in the barn (= prayer averting evil decrees). Ib. (play on אדרת Gen. XXV, 25) כקש מא׳ like chaff from the barn. Ruth R. to III, 3 להיכן אקימתא א׳ where didst thou put up the barn?—Pl. אִידְּרַיָּא, אִדְּרֵי &c. Dan. II, 35. Targ. I Sam. XXIII, 1; a. e. Cant. R. to VII, 3 (homilet. rendition of הסהר אגן Cant. l. c.) א׳ דאזהרה a rounded place (cmp. גורן, זירה) of enlightenment, i.e. hall of the Sanhedrin. [With א or נ rejected: בי דרי. Taan. 3ᵇ. B. Mets. 73ᵃ.] ↗ expanded
אֵדֶר 1 (v. אָדַר 3) skin, hide, leather-bag. Y. Maas. Sh. IV, 55ᶜ אדר תורתא hide of a cow. Ib. אדרא (ברא) דתבנא; Lam. R. to I, 1 (חד כותאי 2) אדר דתבן Ar. (ed. דור) a hide stuffed with straw. Y. Shebi. V, 36ᵃ top א׳ דאילין חכימא וכ׳ the leather of these bottles is distinguishable from the leather of those.—Pl. אוּדְרְיָיתָא. Shebu. 29ᵇ תליסר א׳ דתבנא Ar. (ed. אורוותא; Ms. F. אדידתא, v. Rashi a. l.) thirteen bagfuls of straw; Ned. 25ᵃ ↗ expanded
אֵדֶר 2 ch. m. (v. אָדַר) [thick-leaved, dark] a cedar species, prob. Spanish Juniper. R. Hash. 23ᵃ מאי קדרוס (ם) אדרא Ms. M. (ed. קתרוס) what is kedros (κέδρος)? Adara. Snh. 108ᵇ what is gofer? רב אמר אדרא דבי ר׳ שילא אמר וכ׳ Ar. a Ms. Fl. (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.); cmp. Gen. R. s. 31; Yalk. Gen. 51.—Bets. 15ᵇ יטע אדר וכ׳ let him plant an edar (allud. to addir &c., Ps. XCIII, 4); א"נ אדרא וכ׳ or adara as its (popular or Chald.) name is; as people say, it is called adara because it lasts for generations (א־דרא). Git. 69ᵇ אטרף א׳ leaves of ad. Ib. מיא דא׳ decoct thereof. אִדְרָא fig-tree. Targ. II, Esth. VII, 9 (to which perhaps belongs. Git. l. c.). ↗ expanded
אֲדָרָא 2 (v. אָדַר, cmp. Ges. H. Dict. s. v.) flag of a ship. B. Bath. 73ᵃ (for b. h. נֵס); Ms. M. אֲדָארָא (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.). ↗ expanded
אַדְּרַבָּא (contr. of על דרבה, v. אַדְּ־) turn to the stronger side, whence as a dialectic term, on the contrary. Pes. 28ᵃ, a. fr. א׳ איפכא מסתברא on the contrary, the reverse stands to reason. Ib. 77ᵃ הוה אמינא א׳ I might have said, ‘On the contrary’ &c.; a. fr. [Not to be confounded with אַדְּרָבָא, אַדְּרַבָּה, v. אַדְּ־.] ↗ expanded
אִדְרַבְלָא (ὑδραύλης, hydraula) player on the hydraulis, organist.—Pl. אִדְרַבְלִין. Gen. R. s. 50 א׳ וכרבלין וכ׳ there are organists and flute players in the land (or organs and cymbals, v. next w.), and such a land should be destroyed? [Comment.—Perh. to be read אַרְדִּיכְלִין.] Gen. R. s. 23 ארדיכולין וכ׳ (ארדיב׳, corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
אִדְרַבְלִיס (trnsp.) m. (ὕδραυλις) water-organ. Y. Succ. V, 55ᶜ bot. עוגב זה ארד׳. Ib. לא היה א׳ וכ׳ there was no organ used in (the) Jerusalem (Temple) because it interferes with the sweetness (melody of the song).—Pl. אִדְרַבְלִין; v. foreg. Cmp. הרדוליס. ↗ expanded
אֲדַרְגָּזְרַיָּא (v. Schr. K. A. T. p. 617 sq.; cmp. אדר a. גזר) title of high officers. Dan. III, 3. Cant. R. to VII, 9 א׳ איפרכיא adarg. means governors↗ expanded
אַדְרוֹמָא gent. Adroma (Southern) for b. h. תֵּימָא. Targ. I Chr. I, 30. ↗ expanded
אִדְרוֹפִּיקוֹס (ὑδρωπικός) suffering from dropsy. Lev. R. s. 15 (var. corrup.); Yalk. Lev. 554. Ib. Job. 916 אִנְדְּר׳ (cmp. אדריינוס a. אנד׳). ↗ expanded
אַדְרְיָינוֹסHadrian, the Roman emperor (117 to 138) under whom the insurrection of Bar Kokhba occurred; freq. mentioned with the imprecation שחיק עצמות. Deut. R. s. 3; a. fr. V. אַדְרִיאָנוֹס. ↗ expanded
אַדְרְיָינִיHadrianic, of the town Adria or Hadria in Venetia. Ab. Zar. II, 3 חרס ה׳ (Y. Mish. a. Ib. א׳) earthen ware of Adria (forbidden for use on account of some unknown connection with idolatry, perh. suspected to have been used as wine vessels before they were offered for sale; v. infra). referring to Hadrian, Hadrianic. Ib. 32ᵃ explain. חרס הד׳ ‘earthen vessels soaked with wine, and distributed in pieces, by order of Hadrian, among the soldiers to be diluted with water for drinking’. (genit. of Hadrianus) Hadrian’s (followers). Lam. R. to I, 17, v. אספסיינוס. ↗ expanded
אֲדַרְכָּן (prob. corrupt. of אַרְטְבַן q. v.) Adarkhan, a Parthian ruler. Ab. Zar. 10ᵇ (Ms. כין; oth. vers. אדרבך, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.).—Esth. R. to I, 3 אדרכיאן. ↗ expanded
אַדְרַכְתָּא (דְּרַךְ Af.) tracing; (law) legal permission to a creditor to trace the debtor’s property for the purpose of having it seized, assessed, offered for public sale, and eventually delivered to him. [Order of documents, acc. to B. Bath. 169ᵃ, vers. of Maim. a. others: 1) אדרכתא; טירפא the right of seizure of the debtor’s property sold after the date of the loan (mortgage); שומא record of the assessed value for which the creditor took possession;—acc. to vers. in ed. a. Mss. 1) טירפא right of seizure &c.; 2) א׳ authorization to seize the traced property, defining position &c.; 3) שומא.] B. Bath. 169ᵃ. B. Kam. 112ᵇ. B. Mets. 16ᵇ. Ib. 35ᵇ. Keth. 104ᵇ. 2) private authorization to collect or take possession of one’s debtordeposit; assignment, transfer. B. Kam. 70ᵃ Ms. M., At. (ed. אור׳); Shebu. 33ᵇ (ed. אור׳, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.); Bekh. 49ᵃ ↗ expanded
אַדְרַמֶּלֶךְ (II Kings XVII, 31) Adrammelekh, name of an idol. Snh. 63ᵇ א׳ וכ׳ Adr. a. Anammelekh signify mule and horse; v. אֲדַר. ↗ expanded
אֶדְרַע (= h. אֶזְרוֹעַ, v. זְרוֹעַ) arm. Targ. Jer. XXXII, 21; a. fr.—Y. Ber. I, 4ᶜ top דאֶדְרְעֵיה the Tefillin of his arm. Koh. R. to XI, 2.—Pl. אֶדְרָעָתָא. Targ. Job XXII, 9.—אֶדְרָעִין. Gen. R. s. 65.—V. דְּרַע III. ↗ expanded
אֶדְרְעָיָיאof Edreï, a town in Naftali (Josh. XIX, 37), another in Menasseh (Bashan, Num. XXI, 33; a. e.).—Y. Ber. V, 9ᵇ top; a. e. ↗ expanded
אַדֶּרֶתcloak, cover. Gen. R. s. 63 (ref. to Gen. XXV, 25) כולו ראוי לא׳ every one (of the Roman people) fit for the purple cloak (may become an emperor). (homiletically, as if אִדֶּרֶת = ch. אִדְּרָא, אִדַּר) the threshing floor, the store of grains. Ib. כולו מפוזר ומפורד כא׳ entirely destined to be scattered (winnowed) like the grains, לזרותו וכ׳ [שעתיד] for the Lord will scatter him (Edom-Rome) like chaff &c. (ref. to Dan. II, 35). ↗ expanded
אָהַבto love. Y. Ab. Zar. II beg. 40ᶜ אוֹהֲבָהּ her lover; a. fr. אוהב את הבריותphilanthropist. Aboth I, 12; a. fr.—Part. pass. אָהוּב, f. אֲהוּבָה. Yeb. 23ᵃ א׳ בנשואיה beloved (worth loving) for her well chosen marriage. [Y. Ab. Zar. l. c. איהבתו read אוֹהַבְתֹּו.] Nif. נֶאֱהַב, , Hithpa. הִתְאָהֵבto be beloved, popular. Lev. R. s. 32, beg., these blows (of persecution) had the effect להֵאָהֵב וכ׳ to make me beloved of my Father in heaven. Yoma 86ᵃ שיהא ש"ש מִתְאָהֵב וכ׳ that the Divine Name may be beloved through thee (that thy doings may favorably reflect on thy religion).— Pi. אִהֵב,Hif. הֶאֱהִיבto make beloved, popular. Tan. d’be El. I, 28 תהא מְאָהֵב ש"ש וכ׳ make the Divine Name &c. (v. supra).—Part. Pu. מְאוּהָבpopular. Yalk. Deut. 837.—Cant. R. to I, 1 להַאֲהִיבָן (לאָהֲבָן) לקרבן וכ׳ to make them beloved (of God), draw them nigh (to God) &c. Ib. to V, 1.—Yalk. Cant. 981 הֶאֱהַבְנוּ לך עלמות הרבה we have made many maiden beloved of thee (converted them). ↗ expanded
אַהֲבָה 1love, friendship. א׳ שהיא תלויה בדבר love dependent on something extraneous, i.e. sensual, selfish love. Aboth V, 16.—עשה מא׳ (or עבד) to do good (serve the Lord) from pure motives of love. Sot. 31ᵃ; Snh. 61ᵇ; a. fr.— ↗ expanded
אַהֲבָה 2 (אַחֲוָוא in Y.) pr. n. m. Ahăbah, Aḥava, son of Zera, and father of R. Adda. R. Hash. 29ᵃ. Ab. Zar. 30ᵃ; a. fr. Y. Yeb. VIII, 9ᵇᶜ ↗ expanded
אֲהוּרְיָיר (horrearius, ὁρριάριος; v. Sm. Ant. s. v. Horreum) store-keeper, steward. [Comment.: fr. אֻרְוָוה, v. אוּרְיָא, equerry.] Meg. 12ᵇ בר אהוריירֵיה דאבא thou, son of my father’s steward. B. Mets. 85ᵃ (Ms. M. אהוריריה); Sabb. 113ᵇ אהוריריה (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 4) א׳ דרבי Rabbi’s house steward (manager). ↗ expanded
אֲהוּרְמִין (Pers. Angra-Mainyus) Ahriman, the evil principle in the Zendavesta (Parsism); opp. הורמיז Ormuzd. Snh. 39ᵃ מפלגך לעילאי דהורמיז מפלגך לתתאי דאה׳ Ar. (ed. a. Mss. incorr., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.; Tosef. a. l. Better vers. Ms. F. מפלגןour half) thy upper half belongs to Ormuzd, thy lower half to Ahriman. Ib. א"כ היכי שביק אהורמין להורמיז למעבר מיא בארעא (ed. corr. acc.) if this be so, why does Ahriman allow Ormuzd to let the water pass (through the former’s dominion) to the ground? ↗ expanded
*אָהִיל m (אָהַל) staying under the same roof with an unclean object. Naz. VII, 2 (49ᵇ) על אֲהִילָן Talm. ed. (Mish. אָהֳלָן, v. אֹהֶל) upon staying with them under &c. Ib. 53ᵃ אֲהִילוֹ. [Sabb. 90ᵃ Ms. M., v. אֲהָל.].—Pl. f. אֲהִילוֹת the laws concerning ahil, whence Ahiloth (also אָהֳלוֹת), name of a treatise of the Mishnah (of Seder Tahăroth). Y. M. Kat. II, end, 81ᵇ there are things in the Order of Moëd קשיין מן א׳ וכ׳ more difficult than Ahiloth &c.—Ḥag. 14ᵃ, a. fr. אהל׳. B. Mets. 86ᵃ אהי׳. ↗ expanded
אֲהִינָאAhina, a species of late and inferior dates (cmp. אַחְיָנַיָּא). Ḥull. 46ᵇ lungs apparently so peeled as to resemble א׳ סומקא a red Ah. B. Mets. 113ᵇ א׳ מרירא a bitter Ah.—Pl. אֲהִינֵי. Tosef. Shebi. VII, 14; Pes. 53ᵃ (m.!). Y. B. Kam. VI, 5ᵇ bot. כבשא דא׳ a preserve of A. Y. B. Bath. V, end, 15ᵇ כבשה דאהינו (corr. acc.), v. Ab. Zar. 38ᵇ א׳ שליקי. ↗ expanded
אָהַל (b. h.), Pi. אִיהֵל (deriv. of אֹהֶל) to spread tent-like, to cover, shade, bend over &c., usu. with refer. to levitical uncleanness arising from being under the same shelter with, or forming a shelter over, a corpse &c. Meïlah 17ᵃ אי׳ על מקצתו if he bent over a portion (of the blood). Sabb. 17ᵃ אי׳ צדו אחת וכ׳ he caused one side of his body to overshadow the grave.—[More freq.] Hif. הֶאֱהִילsame. Ohol. III, 1; 3 sq. הא׳ על המת he formed a tent, i.e. spread himself, or bent, over a corpse. Ib. הבית מַאֲחִיל עליו the house forms a cover over part of it. Y. Sot. IX, 23ᶜ top; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֹהֶלtent, shelter. Succ. 21ᵇ א׳ עראי a temporary dwelling. א׳ קבע a permanent dwelling.—Naz. 55ᵃ א׳ זרוק a movable cover, e.g. a person carried in a vehicle over a grave, v. foreg.—B. Bath. 27ᵇ, a. fr. א׳ הטומאה something spread over an unclean object, e.g. a tree shading a corpse; v. foreg. Naz. VII, 2, v. אָהִיל.—Pl. אוֹהֳלִים, (אָהֳולִין) אוֹהֳלִין. Y. Sabb. XX, beg. 17ᶜ נטע א׳ to spread sheets over poles &c. (Tosef. ib. XII (XIII), 14, a. e. עשה א׳). Y. Erub. I, 19ᵈ א׳ בשיירה tents in a caravan, א׳ שבמחנה in a camp. Tosef. Kil. V, 25 אהולין ed. Zuck. ↗ expanded
אֳהָל (Syr. אחלא P. Sm. 125; הל, חל, v. הלל, חלל, cmp. מוהל, מוחל) an alcalic plant, used as soap. Sabb. 90ᵃ; Nidd. 62ᵃ (counted among plants subject to the laws of the Sabbath year). a mineral substance of the same use (in connection with נתר; v. however Maim. to Nidd. IX, 6). Nidd. l. c. והתניא הבורית והאהל; (Sabb. l. c. first time חול ed., Ms. M. אָהֵיל; sec. time אהלא ed., Ms. M. אהיל). M. Kat. 17ᵇ; a, e. [The biblical אהלים a. אהלות have no connection of meaning with our w.] ↗ expanded
אָהֳלָאtent, sheet. Targ. Y. Num. XII, 12 (Var. אֲהִילָא, אָהֵילָא). Bets. 30ᵇ קא סתר א׳ he breaks the tent up (by removing portions of the cover). Ib. 32ᵇ; a. fr.—Pl. אָהֳלֵי. Sabb. 137ᵇ אוסופי א׳ extending the spread sheets (by opening a door or window over which they were spread). ↗ expanded
אַהֲלָא = h. אֳהָל. Targ. Job. IX, 30 (h. text בור). Sabb. 90ᵃ, v. אֳהָל. (= b. h. אהלים, אהלות?) aloë (used for medicinal purposes, v. Sm. Ant. s. v. Aloë). Ib. 110ᵇ א׳ תולענא; Git. 69ᵇ א׳ תולאנא purple-colored aloë. ↗ expanded
אָהֳלוֹיָא (foreg.) dealer in aloë (prob. in b. h. , perfumes). . Ned. 91ᵇ. B. Mets. 81ᵃ ↗ expanded
אָהֳלִית (אהל) a group of tents, encampment; only in Pl. אָהֳלִיֹּות (= castra) camps. (Always in connection with בצוצריות or קסטרא fortifications). Cant. R. to II, 13. Yalk. Ps. 624 אהו׳. Lev. R. s. 1; a. e. [Cmp. בְּצוֹצְרִיֹּות a. גַּסְטְרָא as to versions.] ↗ expanded
אֲהָן or אֲהֵן, אֲהוֹן m. (= הָן, הֲהָן, √ה־) this, that, he who. Y. Ber. II, 4ᶜ bot. א׳ חזירא that swine. Ib. VI, 10ᵃ bot. א׳ דמר he who says. Y. Yoma VI, 43ᵈ bot. כא׳ דתנינן as that (Mishnah) which we have been taught. Y. Shek. II, 47ᵃ top א׳ דהכא the subject just quoted. Y. B. Mets. II, 8ᶜ (אהון) אהין להן לי אהן מהו חשוב of what use is this to me? of what value is it to me?—Y. Shebu. III, 34ᵈ bot. וא׳ אפילו and this ‘even’—i.e. why do you use the word ‘even’?—a. fr. this place, where. Y. Ber. IX, 13ᵇ top כל א׳ דאת אזיל wherever thou goest. (adv. of time = על־הן, v. אַ־) thereupon, then. Y. Taan. IV, 69ᵇ top אכלון ואהון וכ׳ eat ye and then drink. ↗ expanded
אַהֲרוֹן (b. h.) Aaron, the brother of Moses. Meg. 25ᵇ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אַהֲרוֹנִית (deriv. of foreg.) of priestly parentage, Aaronide. Erub. 53ᵇ נערה א׳ אחרונית (play on words) an Aaronide maiden, a second wife (in Ms. M. our w. is missing). ↗ expanded
או־ prefix, esp. for verbal nouns, e.g. 1) prefix, esp. for verbal nouns, e.g. אודיצותא fr. דיץ. או, אוו = εὐ-αὐ, v. אב↗ expanded
אוֹ 1 , v. Ges. H. Dict. s. v.) or; או … או either … or. Shebu. 27ᵃ או … לחלק the word אוֹ in the Bible text is necessary as a disjunctif, (one or the other), contrad. from ו־ which is conjunctive (one and the other). Men. 91ᵃ; או לדרשא the word אוֹ intimates something not explicitly stated in the text; a. fr.—Pl. אוֹאִין Shebu. 33ᵇ.—אוֹיִין, אוֹיִים, const. אוֹיֵיthe wordאוֹ in the biblical passages. Y. ibid. IV, 35ᶜᵈ ↗ expanded
אוֹ Targ. Ex. XXI, 20; a. e. Targ. Prov. VI, 28 Ms. (ed. אי).—Ber. 2ᵇ, v. דילמא; a. v. fr. ↗ expanded
אוֹ 2 (ὁ) the. Y. R. Hash. I, 57ᵃ bot. (in a Greek sentence), v. אגרפוס. ↗ expanded
אוּ (contr. of אֲהוּ, אֲהִי v. הוּ, הִי)he, that, this (only in Y. Dial). [Y. Ber. II, 5ᵇ top או מקשי, read הוה מ׳; ed. Amst. בעי.] Y. B. Bath. III, 14ᵇ I was jesting באו גברא with that man. Y. Snh. XI, beg. 30ᵃ באו ד(א)מר with him who says—Fem. אִי.—Y. Erub. III, 21ᵇ bot. אי אידא אי אידא it is all the same; v. אִידָא II. ↗ expanded
אַוָּארָא (אור; cmp. h. form צַוָּאר), only in א׳ דליבניa pile of loose bricks with openings between, opp. to solid wall. Bets. 31ᵇ; 36ᵃ; Erub. 34ᵇ Ms. Rashi (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.; ed. אַוִּירָא, cmp. אָוֵירָא; Ar. אארא, derives fr. Pers.). ↗ expanded
אוֹב ³ Targ. Is. XXIX, 4; a. e.—א׳ טמיא necromancy over bones, sculls, also for necromancer. Targ. Y. I Deut. XVIII, 11. Ber. 59ᵃ א׳ טמיא כדיב וכ׳ the necromancer is a liar (necromancy is false), and his (its) words are lies. Sabb. 152ᵇ bot. (of the woman of En-Dor, I Sam. XXVIII, 7). [Yeb. 103ᵃ בר א׳, v. אַבְיוּ.] ↗ expanded
אוֹבִיסוֹסEphesus, city of Ionia in Asia Minor. Targ. I Chr. I, 5 אוֹב׳ (var. lect.); Y. Meg. I, 71ᵇ אוו׳ bot. (rendit. of יון); v. מַקְדֹּונְיָא. ↗ expanded
אוּבָל (v. יוּבָל) river. Dan. VIII, 2; 3; 6. as a pr. n. Ubal (The River). Gen. R. s. 16 (referring to Dan. l. c.) א׳ אוותנטין וכ׳ Ubal is the source of all the other rivers. ↗ expanded
אוּבְלָא 2 m. (יבל) vessel made of willow twigs; basket, or perforated trough; (as to shape v. Sm. Ant. s. v. Călathus). Bekh. 43ᵇ, v. בִּילוֹן a. כִּילוֹן. Sab. 123ᵇ; Snh. 92ᵃ, a. e. א׳ דקצרי Ar. (ed. אוכ׳) the fuller’s trough. Ib. 28ᵇ the father of the husband and the father of the wife are no more kinsmen אלא כי א׳ לדנא (ed. אכלא) than is a basket related to a barrel. [For אכלא, אוכלא cmp. כְּלִיל, כַּלְכָּלָה.] ↗ expanded
אוּבְלִים (v. אֲבֵילִין) Ub’lim, Ub’lin. Erub. 12ᵃ top (var. v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 1). Ḥull. 55ᵇ אובלים (ed. אי׳). ↗ expanded
אוּבְצָנָא (אבץ. cmp. חָבַץ II, a. חבץ P. Sm. 1181 sq.) heavy pressure, overload, prostration from heavy load. Targ. Y. Num. XIX, 2.—B. Mets. 36ᵇ א׳ דהר the prostration from carriyng a load up hill. Ib. 78ᵃ מתה מחמת א׳ died from fatigue. Sabb. 106ᵇ. [Ar. reads אוכצנא, cmp. Syr. אכץ P. Sm. 190—corr. acc.] ↗ expanded
אוֹבְרִיזָא f., אוֹבְרִיזוֹן, אוֹבְרִיזִין m. (ὄβρυζον) pure gold, unalloyed. Targ. Ps. CXIX, 127; Targ. Prov. VIII, 19; a. e. ↗ expanded
אוּבְשִׁיןa species of inferior grapes. Maasr. I, 2 הענבים והאו׳ משיבאישו Ar. (ed. Talm. B. והאב׳ משה׳; Talm. Y. הבאושין) grapes and ubshin are subject to tithes from the time they are called בְּאוּשָׁה q. v.—Y. Ter. VIII, 45ᵈ top ענבים ואו׳ וכ׳ grapes or ubshin for a sick person. ↗ expanded
אוֹג (cmp. אֵגֶה; Syr. אוגא P. Sm. 53) (rhus coriaria), red berry of the Venus’ summachtree. Peah I, 5. Dem. I, 1. Maasr. I, 2. Kel. XXVI, 3.—Pl. אוֹגִין. Tosef. Maas. I, 4 אובין אדומים (איבין, corr. acc.; cmp. Maasr. l. c. V. Löw Aram. Pfl. p. 44). ↗ expanded
אוֹגְדוֹיִיקוֹנְטָא (ὀγδοήκοντα) eighty. Y. B. Bath. X, 17ᶜ (corrected text) שטר נפיק מר׳ חונה לר׳ שמיי אוגדויי מחיק קונטא לא מחיק. א"ר שמיי לר׳ חונה פוק חזי עם ההן אהן קונטא משמש. ומר עם טרייאקונטא. כי נפק אמר הדא בעי מתגרא תלתין אפסד עשרין. A bill of indebtedness passed from R. Ḥuna (who could not decide or on whose decision the party would not rely) to R. Sh.—on which bill ogdoë was blurred (showing an erasure), and conta was clear. Said R. Sh. to R. Ḥ., Go and see what is the lowest numeral in Greek that conta is combined with. Said he, It is triaconta (thirty).—When the party had left, he said, That man intended to make thirty (by the erasure) and lost twenty (the original having been fifty, penteconta). ↗ expanded
אוֹגְדוֹרOgdor (Zigdor) in Samaria. Y. Ab. Zar. V, 44ᵈ. Bab. Ab. Zar. 31ᵃ זג׳ (Ms. M. זגרור). ↗ expanded
אוֹגְדוּתָא (אֲגַד II) prolongation. Targ. Y. Deut. XXX, 20, const. אוֹגְדוּת (Var. אוֹגְרוּת). ↗ expanded
אוּגְיָא (אגי, sec. r. of אוג, v. אָוֶן; cmp. עוּגָה) rounded off, whence a field or fields surrounded with a ridge or ditch. Ned. 6ᵇ. Ber. 6ᵃ כי כסלא לא׳ like the ridge surrounding the field. ↗ expanded
אוּגְיָה (foreg.) rounded ditch, hole dug around the grape-vine. M. Kat. I, 1 (Rashi to Ber. 6ᵃ, Asheri to Ned. 6ᵇ expl. foreg. w.; ed. עוּגְיוֹת). ↗ expanded
אוֹגֶן (אוג; v. foreg.) border of a vessel, rim. Ḥull. 25ᵃ; 25ᵇ; Tosef. Kel. B. Mets. II, 17 ה׳. Ḥag. 22ᵇ אוֹגנוֹ its border. Pl. אוֹגְנִים, אוֹגְנִין, הוֹ׳. Nidd. 3ᵇ. Erub. 87ᵇ (banks). Kel. XXV, 6; a. e. [Ḥull. II, 9 (41ᵃ) אוּגָן של מים Ar., a little pool, ed. עוּגָה q. v.] ↗ expanded
אוֹגָנָא (v. foreg.) something rounded basin, disk. Targ. Cant. VII, 3 א׳ דסיהרא the disk of the moon.—B. Mets. 69ᵇ א׳ דקירא (some ed. אוֹגְנֵי pl., v. Rashi a. l., Ms. M. אַגָּנֵי, v. אַגָּנָא) cake of wax. Cmp. אַגֵּין. ↗ expanded
אוּד v. Ges. H. Dict. s. v.; cmp. אֵיד) wooden poker. Bets. 33ᵃ; Sabb. 143ᵃ ↗ expanded
אוּד ² , also fire-brand. Targ. Am. IV, 11; a. e.—Pl. אוּדֵי, אוּדַיָּא. Targ. Is. VII, 4.—Snh. 93ᵃ (prov. concerning bad company) תרי א׳ וכ׳ two dry pieces of wood and a green one between &c. ↗ expanded
אוֹדָאָה (ודי, Af. אודי) thanksgiving. Targ. Ps. XLV, 1 (var. אוֹדֵאָתָא); a. e. ↗ expanded
אוּדְדָא ed. m. (אדד, אדר, v. אָדַר: Syr. אודדא; cmp. אַדְדָא, אַדְרָא as to dial. var.) upholsterer’s stuffing material, tow-cotton, wool. Sabb. 48ᵃ לאהדורי א׳ (Ms. M. אוּדְדֵיPl.) to put the stuffing back into the mattress. Ib. 141ᵃ (Ms. M. אודדא); v. אֲשִׁישָׁא.—B. Bath. 58ᵃ חביתא דא׳ (Mss. דאודד׳) a vessel full of stuffings (enigmatical for bolsters). Ab. Zar. 28ᵇ א׳ דנדא וכ׳ (Ms. M. ארדא דנורא) tow cotton which has been dyed but not combed. B. Mets. 26ᵃ; a. fr.—Pl. אוּדְדֵי. Kidd. 12ᵃ זוודא דאורדי (corr. acc.) a bundle of tow-cotton. [Cmp. עוּדְדָא, עוּדְרָא; also אִירָּא a. אִידָּן; v. Fuerst, H. Dict. lit. ר.] ↗ expanded
אוּדְיָא (ידי, אדי; cmp. funda = sling and purse) purse. B. Mets. 28ᵇ א׳ דדינרי (ed. אוּדְיָיא) a purse of denars. ↗ expanded
אוּדְיָינִי (ידי, נדי) whatever appertains to irrigation, sprinkling arrangements; hence the field cistern with its purtenances. B. Bath. 144ᵃ (Ms. אִידְיָנִי, אִידְיָי׳; v. Rashi a. l.) if a father left nothing אלא א׳ וכ׳ but a sprinkling business, what is earned with it belongs to all heirs alike. Ib. שאני א׳ דלנטירותא וכ׳ it is different with a sprinkling business, since all the attendance it requires, is watching (which minors can do just as well as adults). [Tossaf. ib. Var. אידווני, watching pedestal, fr. דוי q. v. Cmp. however אוּדְנָא III.—M. Kat. 21ᵃ, read אוּרְיָינִי.] ↗ expanded
אוֹדִיקוּתָא prop. outlook (v. דִּיק) hence pr. n. pl. Odikutha(h. . Targ. II Chron. XX, 16. ↗ expanded
אוֹדִיתָא (ודי) confession, esp. document stating a debtor’s admission of his indebtedness in presence of witnesses. Snh. 29ᵇ ↗ expanded
אוֹדֶם (אדם) red substance, fleshy substance [cmp. אֲדָמָה, אָדָם; b. h. אֹדֶםrubin]. Y. Kil. VIII, 31ᶜ bot. הא׳ מן האשה from the mother the embryo receives the substance for forming skin, flesh, and blood; opp. לוֹבֶן white, sticky substance. Nidd. 32ᵇ למעוטי איש מא׳ to exempt man from being unclean from a red (blood) discharge, opp. to לובן white gonorrhoeic discharge. ↗ expanded
אוֹדֶן (= h. אֹזֶן, v. Ges. H. Dict. s. v.; √אד, v. אָדַר) ear. Targ. Is. LXIV, 3. Targ. Ps. XVIII, 45 אוּדַן (ed. Vien. אוּדִין?, Ms. אוזן). Targ. Ex. XXIX, 20; a. fr.—Y. Sabb. VI, 8ᶜ bot. טב לא׳ good for ear-ache; v. Bab. Sabb. 67ᵃ; a. fr.—Pl. אוּדְנִין, אוֹדְנִין, אוּדְנַיָּא, אוּדְנֵי. Targ. Deut. XXIX, 3; a. fr. (also אֻדְנִין).—Snh. 106ᵃ. Y. Maas. Sh. IV, 55ᵇ bot.; Lam. R. to I, 1 (חד כותאי 1), v. next w.↗ expanded
אוּדְנָא 2 (from its shape, v. foreg. a. P. Sm. 40) leather-bottle, jar (a liquid measure). Pl. אוּדְנִין. Y. Maas. Sh. IV, 55ᵇ bot. (to one who had dreamt he had four udnin = ears, v. foreg.) מלוי את תרתי אֻדְנָיךְ ותרתי אוּדְנוֹי דגרבא thou shalt have wine enough to fill thy own two udnin (wine jars), and two udnin (measures) of a garba (v. גַּרְבָּא I) besides. (Syr. אוזנא, וזנא P. Sm. 49, 1061) bath-tub. Ber. 22ᵃ was sitting בא׳ דמיא Ar. (ed. באגנא, Ms. Beth. Nath. באוזנא) in a tub filled with an udna of water. Sabb. 157ᵇ א׳ דמיא … Ar. (ed. באוונא, Ms. M. אַדָּנָא) by a bath-tub. ↗ expanded
אוּדְנָא 3 (f.?) (= h. אֶדֶן; cmp. b. h. הֲדֹם; √דא, דנא; cmp. דּוּךְ) foot-stool, camp-chair, folding stool. Targ. Jer. XLIII, 10 אוּדְנֵיה Ar. (ed. אפדניה).—Pl. אוּדְנַיָּא, אֲדִינַיָּא. Targ. II Est. I, 2 תרתין אוּדְנוֹי (תרין?) the double footstool of king Solomon. Tosef. Kel. B. Mets. VIII, 6 מָטָה וישן וכ׳ (not מיטה) when it bends in (under the weight) but one can sleep on it; if it was originally so made, טמאה (not טהורה) it is unclean מפני שהיא כאו׳ ed. Zuck. (Var. אדיניא, ed. אדוניא) because it is made like a double footstool. ↗ expanded
אוֹהֲרָא (= חוחרא, redupl. of חרי Ar.) net-work, esp. loose fisher’s net, contrad. to אִיזְלָא. Y. M. Kat. III, 81ᵇ top הו׳.—Pl. אוֹהֲרֵי. M. Kat. 11ᵃ למיגדל א׳ (Alf. אוחרי) to plait nets. Git. 60ᵇ bot. ↗ expanded
אָוָוז (√אוו, v. אְוַשׁ; cmp. Syr. וזא, a. וזוזbombum edit, P. Sm. 1060) [the noisy], goose. Ber. 57ᵃ הרואה א׳ וכ׳ he who sees a goose in his dream, may hope for wisdom (with ref. to Prov. I, 20, ‘wisdom cries’ &c.). Y. B. Kam. V, end 5ᵃ אֲוַוז ים וא׳ יישוב וכ׳ the water goose (bernicle) and the domestic goose are two diff. species (כלאים); Y. Kil. VIII, 31ᶜ bot. א׳ עם א׳ מדבר וכ׳ the (domestic) goose and the goose of the steppes (wild g.); א׳ עם א׳ הים the domestic and the water goose; B. Kam. 55ᵃ א׳ וא׳ הבר (Ms. M. marg. אֲוַוז בית וא׳ בר) the domestic and the wild g.; Bekh. 8ᵃ ↗ expanded
אַוְוזָא Git. 86ᵃ.—בר א׳ duck. Bets. 33ᵃ. Pl. אֲוָוזִין, אַוְוזֵי. Targ. II Esth. III, 8. Pes. 114ᵃ. B. Bath. 73ᵇ. Ḥull. 56ᵇ הנהו א׳ דידן וכ׳ our (Babylonian) geese are considered as water fowls. ↗ expanded
*אַוְורַקְסִין (cmp. אפקרסין, a. אַבְרְקִין) trowsers. Targ. Y. I Ex. XXVIII, 42, a. Targ. Y. II, Ex. XXVIII, 42; Targ. Y. I Ex. XXXIX, 28 אוורקסי. Ib. Lev. VI, 3 (ed. Vien. אורקטין, II אברסקין). Ib. XVI, 4. [For וו = פ v. אֶוְושַׁר.] ↗ expanded
אַוְורַשְׁנָא (ed. אוּרְשִׁינָה) m. name of a mythical bird, Phœnix. Snh. 108ᵇ ↗ expanded
אֶוְותִּיאוֹס (εὐθέως) forthwith, immediately after. Nidd. II, 2 (14ᵃ) נמצא על שלה א׳ Ar. (ed. אותיום, corr. acc.) if a stain is found on her bedclothes immediately after (the coïtion). Ib. 12ᵇ; 14ᵇ איזהו שיעור אוו׳ Ar. ed. Koh. (ed. ותס, וסת, corr. acc.) what is the interval designated by evthios? Y. Nidd. II, 49ᵈ bot. repeatedly הֶיוְתִּיאוֹס or הֶוְו׳. ↗ expanded
אַוותֶּנְטְיָא (αὐθεντία) origin, reality; v. next w.—עיקר א׳ the very reality, virtuality. Gen. R. s. 25 עיקר א׳ וכ׳ the real famine was destined to be in the days of Saul. Cant. R. to I, 1 עיקר א׳ וכ׳ the real, authentic, among the several names of Solomon &c. Koh. R. to I, 1 אית׳ (corr. acc.). Num. R. s. 10 אוותיננייה (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
אַוְותֶּנְטִי (αὐθέντης) originator, author. Gen. R. s. 16 פרת א׳ של וכ׳ the Euphrates is the originator (ultimate source) of the rivers (mentioned Gen. II, 10 sq.).—Pl. m. אַוְותֶּנְטִין. Y’lamd. to Num. XI, 16 (quot. in Ar. s. v. אמתנטין) כנגד אפת׳ של ישראל וכ׳ (corr. אוו׳) corresponding to the number of the originators of Israel, for with seventy souls &c.—Fem. אַוְותֶּנְטִיֹּות, אַוְותֶּנְטִיאוֹת. Pesik. Sh’kal. p. 16ᵇ אומות א׳ (seventy) original nations. ↗ expanded
אוּזְיָא (√אז, v. אֲזַד; cmp. קָצֶה) a piece, part, uzya, a market term for a certain portion (quarter &c.) of meat. Bets. 29ᵃ in Pumb. they call it א׳ ופלגא א׳ Ms. M. (ed. ופלגו א׳ corr. acc.; Var. אוסיא) an uzya and half an uzya. ↗ expanded
אוֹטֶם (אטם) obstruction; something closed, plugged up. Ḥull. 47ᵇ א׳ בריאה Ar. (ed. אָטוּם) an obstruction in the lungs, a spot imperviable to air when blown up. Ohol. VI, 5 we regard the levitical uncleanness between the rafters כאילו הוא א׳ as if it was locked up (and could not affect what is in the house). substructure (filled with earth), foundation. Mid. IV, 6. Par. III, 6. ↗ expanded
אוי , Pi. אִיוָּה to desire, covet. Snh. 63ᵃ אִיוּוּ אלוהות וכ׳ (Ab. Zar. 53ᵇ לאלוהות, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 8) they had a desire for many deities. Denom. תַּאֲוָה. Cmp. אוּת. Hithpa. הִתְאַוֶּה (b. h.), Nithpa. נִתְאַוֶּה (denom. of תַּאֲוָה) to desire, to be seized with a desire. Num. R. s. 10 (play on יׄתׄאׄדׄםׄ Prov. XXIII, 31) the drunken man וכ׳ לדׄםׄ יִ֗תְ֗אַ֗וֶּה will covet blood (forbidden intercourse). Gen. R. s. 51. Ex. R. s. 24, end.—Num. R. s. 2 התחילו מִתְאַוִּים וכ׳ they began to express a desire for standards (in imitation of the angelic hosts). Ib. divide them into standards כמו שנִתְאַוּוּ as they desired. ↗ expanded
אוי ² , a. Ges. H. Dict. s. v. אָוָה III) to point, mark. Denom. אוֹת II, תְּאָו, תַּאֲוָה. Hithpa. הִתְאַוֶּה (denom. of תַּאֲוָה, תְּאָו) to mark, to mark out. Koh. R. to XII, 7 התחיל מִתְאַוֶּה תאוים he began to put up marks. ↗ expanded
אוֹי (v. אוי I) [pressure] woe, sorrow. Gen. R. s. 46 בי לא אוי there is no (cause for) woe with me. Num. R. s. 10 (play on ăboy, Prov. XXIII, 29) אַב אוי father of woe.—2) interj. woe! alas! Kel. XVII, 16; a. v. fr. ↗ expanded
אִוְיָא 1 (v. חִיוְיָא) serpent. Gen. R. s. 26 בגלילא וכ׳ in Galilee they call ḥivya, ivya↗ expanded
אִוְיָא 2 (v. foreg.) Ivya, a Babyl. Amora. B. Bath. 19ᵃ R. Ḥiya son of R. Iv.—Men. 78ᵃ; a. e. ↗ expanded
אוֹיָם (?) an interjection (cmp. εὔαν, εὖα) ho! hallo! Y. Ḥag. II, 78ᵃ top; Snh. VI, 23ᶜ bot. א׳ א׳ פתחון לי וכ׳ ho, ho! Open, for I am one of yours. ↗ expanded
אָוִיר (אור; cmp. רוּחַ a. רֶוַח); space corresp. to חָלָל, esp. open, empty space, blank. Ohol. IV, 1 a tower שעומד בא׳ standing isolated. Ib. XVIII, 10 אוירָהּ של חצר the open space in the court-yard.—B. Bath. 163ᵃ (cmp. b. h. מְאוּרָה) hollow, cavity of a vessel. Kel. II, 1 מיתטמאין ומטמאין בא׳ become unclean and make unclean by contact with the hollow (of the vessel).—Yeb. 67ᵇ נפק לא׳ העולם came forth into the lighted space of the world, i.e. was born; a. fr. (cmp. ἀήρ, aër) air, atmosphere, climate, weather. Num. R. s. 14 הא׳ שממנו וכ׳ (as one of the elements of nature) out of which the wind was made.—Gen. R. s. 34 א׳ יפה fine weather; a. fr.—Pl. אֲוִירִיןblank spaces in writings. B. Bath. 163ᵃ.—אֲוִירוֹת climates. Gen. R. s. 34 ברית נחלקה לא׳ a covenant has been made in favor of climates, i.e. God has implanted in man a love of his native soil even in bad climates. ↗ expanded
אָוֵירָאempty space, air. Targ. Y. Ex. XIX, 17; a. fr.—Git. 20ᵇ א׳ דמגילתא the blank in a scroll (margin &c.). Men. 35ᵃ חזי א׳ to face the inside of the T’fillin. air, weather. Pes. 30ᵇ שליט בהו א׳ the air strikes them. Y. R. Hash. II, 58ᵃ bot. א׳ מעונן cloudy weather; a. fr. pile of bricks with openings between, v. אַוָּארָא. ↗ expanded
אוירא Y. M. Kat. I, 80ᵇ bot., v. אַיְירָא ↗ expanded
אֲוִירְטָא (averta, ἀβερτή) knapsack.—Pl. אֲוִירְטִין. Tosef. Kel. B. Bath. IV, 10. ↗ expanded
אוֹכָחוּתָא (יכח) reproof. Targ. Y. I Deut. I, 1; a. e. ↗ expanded
אוכל Pes. 53ᵃ של א׳, read אָבֵל; v. Tosef. Shebi. VII, 15. ↗ expanded
אוֹכֶלfood, edible. Bets. I, 8 בורר א׳ ואוֹכֵל (Y. ed. בורר אוכל אוכל) he selects singly what is edible and eats immediately; a. fr.—א׳ נפש the necessary food for the day. Meg. I, 5 אלא א׳ נ׳ בלבד except the preparation of food (cooking &c., permitted on Holy Days, Ex. XII, 16).—Pl. אוֹכְלִים, אוֹכְלִיןfood, eatables. Ber. 50ᵇ; a. fr. Ab. Zar. 52ᵇ תקרובת ע"ז של א׳ an idolatrous offering consisting of edibles; Y. ib. IV, 43ᵈ אֹכְ׳. ↗ expanded
אוּכְלָא 1same. Targ. Ps. LXXVIII, 18 (Ms. מֵיכְלָא).—Yoma 80ᵇ כל אכשורי א׳ א׳ הוא whatever is used for seasoning food, is considered as food. the digested food found in the entrails, excrements, cmp. רעי.—Targ. Lev. I, 16; a. e. an eye-disease, itching (cmp. חוּרְשָׁא). Ab. Zar. 28ᵇ תחלת א׳ the incipiency of &c., סוף א׳ last stage (near recovery). ↗ expanded
אוּכְלָא 2 (אכל = כּוּל) prop. measure, hence (cmp. כַּיְילָא) a certain measure, Ukhla, (basket); cmp. כְּלָה.—Y. Sot. I, 17ᵃ תומן וחצי ת׳ וא׳ one Tuman (one eighth of a kab), and half a T. and one Ukhla; cmp. עוּכְלָא. basket, v. אוּבְלָא II. ↗ expanded
אוֹכְלוֹזא (perh. fr. r. כלז, cmp. Arab. ḳalaza, collegit, a. כרז, קלס; v. Ges. H. Dict. s. v. כרשׂ; var. forms: אָכְלוֹזָא, אוֹכְלוֹסָא, אוֹכְלָסָא, כְּלוֹזָא; h. form only in pl. אוֹכְלוֹסִין, const. אוֹכְלוֹסֵי, אוֹכְלָסִין) levy of troops or forced laborers (corresp. to h. צָבָא). Targ. I Chr. XI, 6; XX, 1.—B. Bath. 8ᵃ; B. Mets. 108ᵃ נפקי בא׳ (Ms. M. כלוזא) they have to go out themselves to do public labors (not permitted to hire substitutes). Ib. לאו בני א׳ וכ׳ are exempt from the levy. Ber. 58ᵃ; Yeb. 76ᵇ יצא בא׳ went out with the army; [strike out ודרש בא׳ Ber. l. c., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 40]; a. fr.—Pl. אוֹכְלוֹזִין, אוֹכְלוֹסִין, אוֹכְלָסִין (v. supra). Targ. I Chr. XII, 22; a. fr.—Tosef. Ber. VII (VI), 2 אוכלסין. Ber. 58ᵃ; אוֹכְלוֹסֵי ישראל a Jewish army. Y. Ber. IX, 13ᶜ top.; Y. Snh. X, 29ᵇ top. … אוֹכלוֹסַיָּיא ד the armies of students; a. fr.—Cmp. אָכְלוֹשֵׁי. [Y. Ber. IX, 13ᵃ; Midr. Till. to Ps. IV, v. אִסְכֹּולִי]. ↗ expanded
אוּכָּם (אכם) black, dark-complected, freckled, ungainly. Targ. Lev. XIII, 31; a. fr.—Pes. 88ᵃ.—M. Kat. 9ᵇ הוה ליה ברתא א׳ Ms. M. (ed. our w. omitted) had an ungainly (freckled) daughter; Sabb. 80ᵇ. Git. 67ᵇ תרנגולתא אוּכַּמְתִּי a black (checkered?) hen. Ib. 68ᵃGit. 67ᵇ תרנגולתא אוּכַּמְתִּי a black (checkered?) hen. Ib. 68ᵃ אוכמא בחיורא a black spot on a white skin. Pl. masc. אוּכָּמִין, אוּכָּמֵי, אוּכָּמַיָּא, אוּכְמַיָּא. Targ. Jer. VIII, 21; a. e.—Ḥull. 46ᵇ א׳ א׳ covered with black spots.—Fem. אֻכָּמָתָא Sabb. 129ᵃ. Ib. 20ᵇ אוכמוותא Ar. (ed. אוכמתא) the black (greenish) moss on ships or puddles. ↗ expanded
אוּכְמָא (foreg.) black color, darkness; distress. Targ. Y. Lev. XXII, 22. Targ. Lam. IV, 8. ↗ expanded
אוּכָּמוּתָא f. same. Targ. Koh. XI, 10 dark hair, youth. ↗ expanded
אוּכָּף c. (אכף) saddle. Kel. XXIII, 1; 2; a. e.—Y. Sabb. V, 7ᵇ bot. או׳ a. אי׳.—Y. Erub. I, 19ᵇ bot. בין אי׳ לאי׳; Bab. Erub. 16ᵃ בין או׳ לאו׳. Sabb. 53ᵃ.—Pl. אוּכָּפוֹת. Erub. 15ᵇ ed. (Ar. אִכּוּפִין). Y. Erub. l. c. אִיכּוּפִין. ↗ expanded
אוּכָּפָא B. Mets. 27ᵇ. B. Kam. 92ᵇ (prov.) חברא קרייך חמרא א׳ וכ׳ if thy neighbor calls thee an ass, put a saddle on. Erub. 27ᵃ גבא דא׳ the upper part of the saddle (Ar., besides other var., גברא דא׳ man’s figure on the upper part of the saddle) used as a handle by the rider. ↗ expanded
אוכפייה Esth. R. to I, 1ᵇ (איכ׳) בני או׳, v. אוּכַּיְיפָא ↗ expanded
אֲוַל (אול to circle, v. חוּל, עול, cmp. עוֹלָם, תְּחִלָּה) beginning, early season. Targ. Hos. IX, 10; a. e.—מן א׳ from the beginning (of the world). Targ. Job. XX, 4; a. fr.—לאויל to (its) previous condition. Targ. Ez. XVI, 55 (some ed. לְאַוְלְהַן). Cmp. אלל. ↗ expanded
אוּלְבָּנָא , pl. אוּלְבָּנִין (denom. of לְבוּנְתָּא) unguent made of incense. Targ. Cant. IV, 11; (h. text לבנון, LXX ἀρώματα, as if לְבֹנִין). ↗ expanded
אוֹלוֹ־ (ὅλο-) a prefix, sometimes separately printed, whole, entirely of. Pesik. Vay. B’yom p. 4ᵇ א׳ מרגליטין trimmed all over with pearls. Lev. R. s. 32, end אילו כורסין (corr. acc.) all gold, v. אוֹלוֹכְרוּסוֹן. ↗ expanded
אוֹלוֹסֵירִיקָא (ὁλοσήρικος) all silk.— Pl. אוֹלוֹסֵירִיקִין, mostly אוֹלוֹסְרִיקִיןpure-silken garments. Koh. R. to I, 7. Y. Sabb. VI, 8ᵇ bot., Yalk. Prov. 935.—[Koh. R. l. c. second time some ed. אולוסתיקין, corr. acc.] ↗ expanded
אוֹלְיָאר (olearius, ὀλεάριος S.) keeper of clothes at the baths. Y. Maas. Sh. I, 52ᵈ top מעות הנתונות לא׳ tokens (in place of small change) given to the olearius; cmp. Tosef. Maas. Sh. I, 4.—Pesik. R. s. 22; a. e.—Pl. אוֹלְיָארִין, אוֹלְיָירִין. Tosef. Kel. B. Mets. II, 12 מגררות של אוּלְיָרִין ed. Zuck. (oth. ed. אולו׳ corr. acc.) the brushes (strigils) of the bathing attendants. Sabb. 147ᵇ. Y. Ber. II, 4ᶜ top; cmp. Pesik. R. l. c.; a. e. V. אוֹרְיָיר. [Sabb. 144ᵃ כלים הא׳, Nidd. 20ᵃ האולירין …, v. אוֹלָרִין.] ↗ expanded
אוּלָם 1 אלם in front of, opposite, Schr. K. A. T. glossary, a. b. h. conj. אוּלָם) entrance, hall, esp. Ulam, the hall leading to the interior of the Temple. Mid. IV, 7; a. e. ↗ expanded
אוּלָם 2 (v. foreg., Οὐλαμμοῦς Euseb. Euseb. Onom.; Neub. Géogr. p. 18; 261) Ulam (Porta) a place in Gilead, and one in Galilee. Y. Snh. X, 28ᵈ in Cilicia; v. אַבְלַס ↗ expanded
אוּלָמָא Targ. I Kings VII, 6; a. fr.—Targ. II Chr. III, 4 אילם, Var. אוּלְמָנָא.—Pl. אוּלַמַּיָּא. Targ. Ez. XL, 22; a. e. ↗ expanded
אוּלְמָא (אֲלַם) strength, strong side. Sabb. 134ᵃ מא׳ לקוטנא from the thick to the thinner side.—Nidd. 8ᵃ, a. fr. מאי אוּלְמֵיה wherein does his (its) strength consist, i.e. why is this opinion preferable to &c.? ↗ expanded
אוּלְפָן (ילף, אלף) custom, training, instruction; the Law. Targ. Y. Gen. XXXIII, 14. Targ. Is. XXXII, 6; a. fr.—Y. R. Hash. IV, beg. 59ᵇ for it is impossible for one to go through his Bible lesson דלא א׳ (read בלא; cmp. Ḥag. 3ᵃ בלא חדוש) without some instructive observation. Y. Meg. I, 71ᵈ top דלא מן א׳ not according to the Law. Gen. R. s. 80 וא׳ קבל Mat. Keh. (ed. ואולפין קביל) and has he received traditions from teachers? Lev. R. s. 19 אולפני מה נהיר באפי how my learning shines in my face! Y. Ber. VI, 10ᶜ bot. נישבוק אולפנה וכ׳ let us drop discussion and return to the Mishnah. [Erub. 67ᵃ bot. משמיה דא׳, read with Ms. M. דאִילְפָא.]—בר א׳ a scholar of traditional law. Lev. R. s. 3, beg.—Pl. אוּלְפָנַיָּיאinstructive narratives, stories. Y. Kidd. 61ᵇ; Y. Peah I, 15ᶜ bot. ↗ expanded
אוּלְצָן (אלץ) distress, esp. famine. Targ. Job V, 11; a. e. ↗ expanded
אוֹלָרִין or אוֹלָרְיִין m. pl. (pl. of aularis or aularius = aulicus, D. C. Lat.) belonging to the royal court, court-, only in connect. with כלים or בגדים. Sabb. 114ᵃ בגדי הא׳ Ms. M. (ed. כלים האוליירין); Nidd. 20ᵃ כלים האולרין court clothes, including white cloaks (גלימי), and red home or table dresses (לבושי, פתורי); v. Luebk. Alterth. s. v. Kleidung; Becker Gallus, ed. Gœll I, 16. Cmp. חִימּוּצָתָא a. בּוּרְדִּיקָא. ↗ expanded
אוּם (אֵם; cmp. שׁוּם, שֵׁם) mother. Y. Yeb. XI, 11ᵈ top. א׳ זכר the mother of the male side, father-in-law’s mother; א׳ נקבה mother-in-law’s mother. substance, bulk, as the cluster of olives (contrad. to leaves); the starting point of leprosy. Toh. IX, 8 אם היה נוגע בא׳ if the reptile touched the cluster. Neg. I, 5 הלכה לה הא׳ the original leprosy has disappeared. womb. Lev. R. s. 14 end, Ar. (ed. אֵם). ↗ expanded
*אוּמָא (v. foreg.) the leaven, flour used for leaven. Pes. 42ᵃ קומניתא דא׳ (Ms. O. דנהמא) the decay of the flour-substance; v. כּוּתָּח. [V. also אוּנָא end.] ↗ expanded
אוֹמָאָה (ימי, Af. אוֹמִי) the act of administering an oath, swearing, imprecation. Targ. Y. Lev. V, 1; 4.—*Targ. Y. II, Deut. XXVII, 15 פתחו הוּמְהוֹם וכ׳ (Var. פומהום, ed. Vien. קתחו corr. acc.) they opened their imprecation with a blessing. ↗ expanded
אוּמָד (אָמַד) estimate, guess, measuring by mere sight, approximate assessment; medical opinion as to the nature of injuries. Men. 54ᵇ ניטלת בא׳ may be set apart (for the priest) by estimating (without measuring) the quantity. Snh. IV, 5 מא׳ ומשמועה from mere supposition or hear-say. Ib. 78ᵇ אין א׳ אחר א׳ the first estimate (medical opinion declaring an inflicted injury fatal) cannot be upset by a second more favorable opinion (if erroneously formed under the resemblance of recovery); v. אָמַד.—Ib. א׳ האמצעי the (second) opinion intermediate between the first opinion and the actual fatal result. ↗ expanded
אוּמָדוּתsame, adv. by guess-work. Y. Taan. IV, 68ᶜ top שלא … דן א׳ that one must not judge from mere guess (appearance). Aboth I, 16 אל תרבה לעשר א׳ in giving tithes do not give (even) too much by guessing (but measure accurately). ↗ expanded
אוּמָּה , v. אֵם) people, nation, government. Ab. Zar. 18ᵃ א׳ זו this (Roman) government; a. fr.—Pl. אוּמּוֹתnations; gentiles (contrad. to Israel); freq. א׳ העולם (abbr. או"הע, א"ה). Gen. R. s. 39 שבעים א׳ the seventy nations (in the Noachidic genealogy), v. אֶוְותַּנְטִין. Ab. Zar. 3ᵇ באין אוה"ע וכ׳ the gentiles shall come and be converted; a. fr.—דיני א׳ (freq. עכ"ום, גוי) gentile (not Israelitish) law. Y. Kidd. I, 58ᵇ bot.; a. fr.— ↗ expanded
אוּמְלָלbroken down, crushed, low.— Pl. אוּמְלָלִים. Snh. 66ᵃ (ref. to Lev. XIX, 14) בא׳ שבעמך וכ׳ here the Bible speaks of the lowest among thy people (not נשיא בעמך as Ex. XXII, 27). [Ms. M. a. Ar. במֵילָלִין.] ↗ expanded
אוֹמָן (אמן, ימן) prop. straight line, leader, hence (agric.) the border-bed, outmost furrow. Peah IV, 5. B. Mets. VII, 4. Ned. IV, 4 (41ᵇ) לא יעשה עמו בא׳ he must not work with him together in the border bed.—Pl. אוֹמָנִיּוֹת, [fr. אוֹמָנִית, sub. ערוגה, f.]. B. Mets. 89ᵇ ↗ expanded
אוֹמַן Targ. Y. I Lev. XIX, 9 (h. text פאה); Targ. Y. II ib. אוֹ מִן (read אוֹמַן). Ib. v. 27 Ar. (ed. צדדי), XXI, 5 (of the beard, h. text פאת זקנך). ↗ expanded
אוּמָןskilled, artist, artisan, professional cook, architect &c. Ab. Zar. 34ᵇ מורייס א׳ brine prepared by a professional manufacturer and dealer. Gen. R. s. 1 מדעת א׳ after the plan of an architect. Pesik. R. s. 11 שאינו א׳ וכ׳ who is not skilled in climbing up.; a. fr.—Pl. אוּמָנִין Ber. 16ᵃ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אוּמַן Targ. Is. XXI, 10 (adj.). Targ. Ex. XXVI, 1; a. e.—Snh. 29ᵃ (prov.) שב שני וכ׳ seven years a famine may last, but the artisan’s gate it will not cross. Sabb. 133ᵇ האי א׳ the surgeon (who circumcises). B. Mets. 97ᵃ טבחא וא׳ the butcher and the surgeon (of the community).—Pl. אוּמָנִין, אוּמָנַיָּא. Targ. I Chr. IX, 30. Targ. II Kings XXIV, 14; a. e. Y. Ber. IV, 13ᵃ top, as one uses promiscuously the words אומנון בניין וכ׳ (read אומנין) artisans, builders, architects. ↗ expanded
אוּמָנוּת (v. אוּמָן) skill, handicraft, trade. Kidd. IV, 14.—בעל א׳ mechanic. Ḥull. 54ᵇ.—בן אומנותוֹ one’s fellow-tradesman, competitor. Gen. R. s. 32, beg.—Ber. 43ᵇ כל אחד ואחד יִפָּה לו וכ׳ to each man the Lord made his trade appear nice. Y. Succ. V, end, 55ᵈ (play on be-ĕmunatham I Chron. IX, 22) באומנותם through their skill; a. fr.— the workmanship (or its equivalent) to be furnished the (Roman) government. B. Bath. IX, 4. Y. Dem. VI, end, 26ᵃ; Tosef. Dem. VI, 4; cmp. אוֹצָר.—Pl. אוּמָנִיּוֹת. Gen. R. s. 24. Num. R. s. 15 קורא א׳ invited people by trades (each day another trade); Tanḥ. B’haăl., 3 קורא בכל יום א׳.—Trnsf. arts, devices. Ex. R. s. 47, end כל הצדיקים באו בא׳ all the righteous (in their pleas and prayers) came with devices before the Lord (as Abraham prayed in behalf of fifty, forty &c.). ↗ expanded
אוּמָנוּתָא Targ. O. Ex. XXXV, 33; a. e.—Macc. 8ᵇ; a. e.—Koh. R. to III, 9 מאי מהני אומנה באוּמָנוּתֵיה what does the artist profit by his skill? Y. Git. V, 47ᵇ bot. יהבין בניהון לא׳ indenture their children as apprentices; Y. B. Bath. X, 17ᶜ bot. לאומנתה (corr. acc.). Sabb. 103ᵃ חזי א׳ וכ׳ sees a mechanical contrivance on a Sabbath and learns it. Y. Keth. IV, 28ᵈ אמנותא (corr acc.), v. טְרִיקְלֵין.—Pl. אוּמַנְוָותָא, אוּמַנְוָן; אוּמַנְוָון. Targ. Ex. l. c. Targ. II Esth. VI, 12; a. fr. [Y. Ber. IV, 13ᵃ top, v. אוּמַן.] ↗ expanded
אוּמְצָא com. (אמץ) a thick piece of meat, a piece which can be eaten raw after pressing &c. Sabb. 128ᵃ חזי לא׳ fit to be eaten raw. Ḥull. 44ᵇ א׳ מעלייתא a fine piece &c.; a. fr.—Pl. אוּמְצֵי. Git. 69ᵃ שב א׳ seven pieces. ↗ expanded
אוּמָּתpeople. Targ. Y. Deut. XXIX, 12; a. e. Midr. Prov. to XXX, 28; a. e.—Pl. אוּמִּין. Targ. Y. Gen. XXV, 3. Gen. R. s. 61. אוּמַּיָּא־, אוּמַּיָּיא; אוּמֵּי. Targ. Ps. CXVIII, 1.—Midr. Till. to Ps. IX, 6 שנאיהון דא׳ those hated by the nations.—Sabb. 32ᵃ.—אוּמָּאתָא, אוּמָּתָא. Targ. Prov. XXIV, 24. ↗ expanded
אָוֶן √או = עוto curve, be curved, hollow; to press, be pressed; v. אוי, oppression, wrong (= עָוֹן) falsehood, vanity (= הֶבֶל). א׳ גִּלְיוֹן a cacophemistic adaptation of εὐαγγέλιον (v. גליון). Sabb. 116ᵃ bot. (after לסכוניה, omitted in ed.) דר׳ מאיר א׳ ג׳ ר׳ יוחנן קרי ליה עון גליון (Rashi Ms. ר׳ מאיר, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) R. Meïr called the gospel falsehood of blank paper (or of revelation), R. Yoḥ. called it sin of &c. [Ib. several times עון גליון or און ג׳ in Ms. a. older editions, for אירייתא אחריתי &c. in recent ed., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.] ↗ expanded
אוֹןpossession, power. Tosef. Ab. Zar. III, 16 (IV, beg.) כתב לו אוׄנוׄ if he (the seller of the slave) wrote to him (gave him in writing) the liberty of his disposal of himself, i.e. that the slave, if he should run away from the buyer, would not be claimed by him who sold him; Git. 43ᵇ כתב עליו אונו (read אליו or לו). Ib. מאי אונו what means ‘his own possession’? Ans. He wrote to him this, ‘If thou run away from him (the purchaser), I have nothing to do with thee. Ib. 85ᵇ.—[Y. B. Mets. I, end, 8ᵃ; Y. Kidd. I, 60ᶜ אונו, v. אוֹנִי.] V. אוֹנָה. ↗ expanded
אַיְנָא 1 (v. foreg. ws.; cmp. גנן, חָנָה, חוּן, a. עוֹנָה, מָעוֹן) [circle], night-lodging, station for travellers (v. Sm. Ant. s. v. Mansio). Naz. 7ᵃ כל אוו׳ וא׳ every station. B. Mets. 79ᵇ; Ab. Zar. 65ᵃ מא׳ לא׳ from station to station.—Deut. R. s. 6 she dared to bring disorder into אוננא של מלך (read אוונא or אַוְונָה, v. infra) the royal head quarters. Pl. אַוְונִין, אֲוָונִין. Targ. Is. X, 32 (ed. Vien. אַוְנִין). [Sabb. 157ᵇ אוונא, v. אוּדְנָא II.] [Comment. use h. forms אַוְונָה, pl. אַוְונוֹת.] ↗ expanded
אֲוָנָא 2 (v. foreg.) Avana, on the Tigris. Kidd. 71ᵇ אכברא וא׳ Ar. ed. Koh. (oth. ed. Ar. אכבדא); Talm. ed. בגדא ואוונא [Var. בגדת] Okhbara and Avana as bordertowns of Babylonia (v. De Sacy Chrest. Ar. I, p. 358 sq.; Koh. in Ar. s. v.). ↗ expanded
*אונאNakis Una(?), a gentile name. Git. 11ᵃ ↗ expanded
אוּנָא (contr. of אוּדְנָא, cmp. however אָוֶן) ear, v. pl. handle of a vessel. Git. 69ᵇ. Sabb. 108ᵃ top. lobe of a lung. Ḥull. 59ᵇ; a. fr.—Pl. אוּנֵי. Ib. 38ᵃ אזוזי א׳ moving the ears (as a sign of life in the last stages). Yeb. 60ᵇ מפיקנא … מאוניך we shall get R. … out of thy ears, i.e. we shall make thee give up thy authority (a threat of excommunication). Gen. R. s. 45 אוניך דחמר thy ears are those of an ass.—Ḥull. 47ᵃ ה׳ אוני וכ׳ the lungs have five lobes; a. fr. [Later Rabb. literature uses אוּמָא, v. אוּם, for the large lump from which the lobes branch off.] V. אוּנִין. ↗ expanded
אוֹנָאָה (יני; cmp. הוֹנָאָה) oppression, wrong. B. Mets. 58ᵇ גדולה אוֹנָאַת דברים מא׳ ממון the wrong you do by means of words (wounding one’s feelings) is worse than that by pecuniary imposition. Ib. 59ᵃ לעולם יהא … באוֹנָאַת אשתו וכ׳ one should always be on his guard not to wound his wife’s feeling, for as her tears are frequent אוֹנָאָתָהּ מרובה so is her sense of wrong (sensibility) deep. (law) imposition, overreaching, fraudulent representation (which invalidates the transaction or requires redress); hence, redress in case of overreaching. Y. B. Mets. IV, 9ᵈ top, a. fr. whoever concludes a bargain במנת שאין לו א׳ וכ׳ with the provision that no legal redress shall be resorted to, is notwithstanding entitled to redress.—Denomin. Verb(אוֹנָה), Hithpa. הִתְאוֹנֶהto be imposed upon, to feel one’s self overreached. Y. B. Mets. IV, 9ᵈ top. בשעה שהמוכר מִתְאוֹנֶה וכ׳ if the seller sues for undue advantage taken of him, he has the privilege of redress, provided the advantage amounts to one fifth or more of the price charged; if the buyer sues &c. [In Babli the denomin. verb is אִינָּה, v. אני.] ↗ expanded
אוֹנָה 2 (v. אוֹן) possession, title of possession, deed. Gen. R. s. 79 (ref. to the letters יה in קשיֹטהֹ Gen. XXXIII, 19) יו"ד ה"א כותב הא׳ וכ׳Yod He (i.e. the Lord) writes the deed; the Lord bears witness to the deed.—Pl. אוֹנוֹת. B. Bath. 52ᵃ א׳ ושטרות וכ׳ deeds of purchase and other documents were issued in his name. ↗ expanded
אוֹנוֹ (b. h.) pr. n. pl. Ono, W. N. W. of Jerusalem. Cant. R. to II, 2; Lam. R. to I, 17. Snh. 11ᵇ איש א׳ Ms. M. (ed. אוני); a. fr. V. אוֹנִי II. ↗ expanded
אוֹנִי 1(אוֹנוּ) אוֹנִית f. = אוֹנָה, cmp. אוֹנִיתָא. [The phonetic coïncidence with ὠνή produced the peculiar use of our w. in connection with Greek terms, in the Palest. literature.] Gen. R. s. 2 beg. בא׳ אחת ובטימי וכ׳ in one bill of sale and for the same price. Y. Pes. IV, 31ᵇ bot. מיסתיוסיס בא׳ היא וכ׳ (read מיסתוס׳) it is a lease with a title of possession (for the term), and is (for the time being) an acquisition like a purchase. Y. Kidd. I, 60ᶜ (אוני a. אונו); a. e.—Pl. אוֹנִיוֹת. Gen. R. s. 84, end כמה א׳ וכ׳ how many deeds were written for him (how many times was he sold)?, cmp. אוֹן. [Midr. Till. to Ps. CIV, 24; Pesik. Rosh. Hash. p. 151ᵃ, v. אוֹנָיָה.] ↗ expanded
אוֹנִי 2בית א׳ pr. n. pl. (Beth) Oni in Palestine, prob. identic with אוֹנוֹ. Tosef. Shebi. VII, 14 פגי בית א׳ (ed. Zuckerm. בֵיתְיַאנֵי, בֵיתְיַינֵי, Var. ביתיני) the unripe grapes of B. O. (Beth Yanai).—Y. Git. IV, 46ᵃ א׳ אסור וכ׳ if a slave fled to Oni, he must not be extradited (because O. is a Palestinean place). V. הִינִי 3. ↗ expanded
אוֹנְיָא m. (prob.) of Oni, v. foreg., or pr. n. m. Onya (= Onias?). Y. Orl. I, 61ᵃ top; Y. Sabb. I, 3ᶜ; ib.ᵈ אנייא R. Joshua Onia, an Amora. ↗ expanded
אוֹנָיָה (= אוֹנָאָה; cmp. Ezek. XLVI, 18) prop. oppression, wrong, hence confiscation, dispossession. Pl. אוֹנָיוֹת. Midr. Till. to Ps. CIV, 24 (play on oniyoth ibid.) אלו הא׳ וכ׳ those are the oppressive measures which they inflict upon Israel, which they order to be written out eveny day. *Pesik. R. Hash. p. 151ᵃ; Yalk. Jer. 312 הוֹנָיוֹת וזמיות confiscations and fines (Yalk. Gen. 121; Lev. R. s. 29, a. e. ארנוניות, v. Buber Pesik. l. c. note). ↗ expanded
אוּנְיָיקִיBeth-Unyaki, Bithynia, in Asia Minor (cmp. Neub. Géogr. pp. 262; 422). Yoma 10ᵃ תובל זה בית א׳ (Ms. M. אונקי indistinct; oth. Var., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) Tubal means B. Ab. Zar. II, 4 (29ᵇ) cheese of בית א׳ (Ms. M. אונקי, איניקי, Mish. Nap. ותינייקי, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.). Tosef. Shebi. V, 9 הונייקי (ed. Zuck. גבינה ובית היניקי read גבינת ב׳ ה׳); Tosef. Ab. Zar. IV, 13 בית הינייקי (Var. היניקאי). Cmp. וְתַנְיָה a. אַנְיָאקָא. ↗ expanded
אוֹנֵיס (אנס) tyrannus, lord, ruler. Targ. Y. Ex. II, 16; XVIII, 1. ↗ expanded
אוֹנִיתָאtitle of possession, deed. Y. Taan. IV, 69ᵃ והוו משלחין א׳ וכ׳ they would send the (forged) deed of sale to the steward; Lam. R. to II, 2 (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
אוֹנָיָתָאoppression, wrong. B. Bath. 22ᵃ א׳ דמלכא וכ׳ the wrong inflicted on the king of Edom. Lev. R. s. 33, beg. (ref. to Amos VII, 7, v. אֲנָךְ I) על שורא דא׳ upon the wall of (i.e. watching over) the wrongs (in sale and purchase); cmp. B. Mets. 59ᵃ ↗ expanded
אֲוַנְכְּרֵי (prob. a nom. gentil., from a trading station named אוונכר, a compound of אוונא [a. אִכָּר?]; cmp. אֲוָנָא) Avankreans(?), traders. Succ. 30ᵃ; 30ᵇ. [Ar. identifies our w. with אַכְוַנְגַּר which is not in agreement with the context.] ↗ expanded
אוֹנֶס (אָנַס) compulsion, force; unavoidable interference, accident. Git. 30ᵃ, a. e. אין א׳ בגיטין the plea of unavoidable interference cannot be raised in letters of divorce (to which a condition is attached). Y. M. Kat. III, 81ᵈ bot., a. e. מחמת אוֹנְסוֹ through no fault of his.—Pl. אוֹנְסִים, אוֹנְסִין. Ned. III, 1, a. e. נדרי א׳ vows on conditions unavoidably unfulfilled. ↗ expanded
אוֹנֶס ² (v. foreg.) wrong, oppression. Targ. Is. LVIII, 9; 13 מלין דא׳ offensive (violent) words (h. text אָוֶן, cmp. אוֹנָאָה). ↗ expanded
אוּנְסָא (= h. אוֹנֶס, v. foreg.) force, wrong, robbery; accident. Targ. Y. Gen. XXXI, 12; a. fr.—Git. 34ᵃ. אי משום א׳ shall we take into consideration the possibility of an unavoidable accident?—Pl. אוֹנְסַיָּא. Ned. 27ᵇ א׳ דמיגליא (read דמיגליי, Rashi אונסא) accidents which may be foreseen. ↗ expanded
אוֹנְקוֹס (ὄγκος) bulk, pile; (in philosophy) a primitive body. Tanḥ. T’rum. 11 א׳ של מים the body of water; א׳ של אש (some ed. אונקנוס). trouble, difficulty, painstaking. Gen. R. s. 12 (ref. to Neh. IX, 6 sq.) כל הא׳ הזה וכ׳ (ed. אונקים, corr. acc.) what is all this painstaking (creating the universe &c.) for? Ans. Because ‘thou art the Lord who hast chosen Abraham’ i.e. for the sake of establishing religion on earth; cmp. Midr. Till. to Ps. CIV, 18. ↗ expanded
אוּנְקְיָא (uncia, οὐγκία) ounce, one twelfth of a litra. Gen. R. s. 17 א׳ של כסף an ounce of silver. Lam. R. to I, 1 נסבון מן אונקא (העיר) (corr. acc.) they bought ounce-wise (pepper). trnsf. a trifle, particle. Y. Taan. IV, 68ᶜ top there is not a generation in which there is not (to be atoned for through suffering) אונקי אחת וכ׳ (read אונקיא אחת) a particle of the sin of the calf-worship. Ex. R. s. 43, beg. אוקיא (corr. acc.). Gen. R. s. 29; Yalk. Gen. 47; Yalk. Job. 908 (play on אי נקי Job. XXII, 30) א׳ אחת היתה וכ׳ only an ounce (of merit) did Noah possess; v. אינוניתא.—Pl. אוּנְקִיּוֹת. Gen. R. s. 79, end (play on the letters of קׄשׄיׄטׄהׄ Gen. XXXIII, 19) במאה אונקֹיות … סׄלעים … טׄלאים for one hundred (קׄ) ounces (of gold) &c. V. אוּקְיָא. ↗ expanded
אוֹנְקְלוֹס (Ocellus?) Onk’los, the alleged translator of the Pentateuch into Chaldaic, freq. surnamed הַגֵּר the proselyte; often identified with Aquila, the alleged author of a Greek translation of the Bible; v. עְקִילָס. Cmp. Meg. 3ᵃ; Ab. Zar. 11ᵃ, with Tanḥ. Mishp. 5. Cant. R. to I, 11 אלקולאון q. v. ↗ expanded
אוּנְקְלַי 1אָנְקְלַי f. (אנק, with ל format.; = אוּנְקַי; corresp. to b. h. לוּלַי; Greek adapt. ἀγκολη, LXX Ex. XXVI, 10; cmp. אוֹנִי as to contact of the two languages) prop. little (camel’s) neck, hence hook, rack. Kel. XII, 2 א׳ של כתפין Ar. (ed. אונקליות, אונקלין with adject. in the sing., corr. acc.) the carriers’ hook attached to their yoke, pole &c. Ib. א׳ של דרגש the hook of the bedstead (used for fastening the girths to the posts); של נקליטין the rack of the bed-curtain, v. נַקְלִיטִין. Ib. 3 א׳ שבכותלים hook attached to walls.—T’bul Yom IV, 6 ואנ׳ שלהם קיימת and the hook (attached to the now broken yoke) remained unimpaired; a. fr.—Pl. אוּנְקְלָאוֹת, אָנְקְ׳, (אונקלין) אוּנְקְלִיּוֹת. Tam. III, 5; Mid. III, 5; a. fr.—Kel. l. c.; Tosef. Kel. B. Mets. II, 4; v. אוּנְקַי. [cmp. ἀγκαλίς in S.] the load carried on the hook, the farmer’s load of sheaves or bunches; cmp. בלונקי. Tosef. Maas. Sh. IV, 10. כל הא׳ the whole load. [Ib. 11 אונקולין, אונקלי, read with ed. Zuck. אינפולי]. Trnsf. (medic.) bent cartilage, esp. the cartilage (cart. ensiformis) at the end of the sternum which, being bent inside, presses on the stomach and creates nausea &c. Ab. Zar. 29ᵃ מעלין א׳ וכ׳ you are permitted to lift the cartilage on the Sabbath (by means of a bandage &c.). Ib. מאי א׳ וכ׳ what unklay is meant? Ans. the cartilage in front of the heart; v. אִיסְתּוֹמְכָא. ↗ expanded
אוּנְקְלַי 2אוּנְקַל, נִקְלָה, נִיקְלַי f. (נקל, קל, cmp. esp. II Sam. VI, 20 to 22) the light garment, whence, a name for the easy dress worn in the house and, under the cloak, in the street, but in which it was unbecoming to appear in public. [Cmp. II Sam. l. c. a. Num. R. s. 4; a. e.] Y. Yoma VI, 43ᵈ top אוּנְקְלָה, נקלה, for which Men. 109ᵇ אונקלי. Snh. 82ᵃ he took off the point of his spear והניחה באונקלוֹ (some ed. לי—) and put it (hiding it) in his undergarment. M. Kat. 24ᵃ אָבֵל מטייל בא׳ וכ׳ (Ms. M. מטייל אָבֵל) a mourner may walk on the Sabbath within the limits of his house (garden &c.) in the easy dress (showing the rent on account of a death in the family; Rashi). Sabb. 120ᵃ (garments to be saved from fire on a Sabbath) אונקלי; Y. ib. XVI, 15ᵈ top ניקלי.—Meg. IV, 8 (24ᵇ) בית א׳; (read as) Y. ib. a. Mss. בית יד א׳ the sleeve of his under-dress. [Tosef. Maas. Sh. IV, 11, v. foreg. 2.] ↗ expanded
אַוְסֵי (or אוּ׳) m. pl. (√אף soft. into או; cmp. אַף, אָנַף; also אֶפֶס) nose, nostrils. Sabb. 67ᵃ ואאוסי דגוריתא and on the nostrils of the young lioness. B. Bath. 73ᵇ דסליק עליה באוסיה אכלה טינא ומית Ms. R. (ed. דיתבא ליה אכלה טינא באוסי׳, Ms. M. אבלה, Ar. ed. Koh. incorr., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) into whose nostrils a ‘mud-eater’ (worm) entered, and the fish died. Pes. 112ᵃ ידא אאוסיא וכ׳ (Ms. M. a. Ar. א־פגא) putting the hand to the nose is a step to fear (indicating anxiety). Ḥull. 67ᵇ ועיילי באוסַיֵּיה and they (the worms) creep into its nostrils. ↗ expanded
אוסיא ² Targ. I Chr. Chr. I, 5; a. e. read with ed. Rahmer מוּסְיָא; cmp. Yoma 10ᵃ; Y. Meg. I, 71ᵇ bot. (h. text מֶשֶׁךְ). [Targ. Y. II, Gen. X, 2 אנסייא; Gen. R. s. 37 איסניא (misplaced); corr. acc.] ↗ expanded
אוּסִיָּא (οὐσία) substance, (landed) property, farm, estate. Gen. R. s. 49 אוסי (corr. acc.).—Num. R. s. 23 שפחות מן א׳ וכ׳ maid-servants from another estate. Y. Taan. IV, 69ᵃ; Lam. R. to II, 2 אי׳ (corr. acc.). Lev. R. s. 34.—Pl. אוּסִיּוֹת. Ex. R. s. 20. Ch. pl. אוּסְיָאן, אוּסְיָיאן. Lev. R. s. 3, beg. he likes to be called מרי אס׳ (corr. acc.) lord of many estates; Koh. R. to IV, 6 אוסייאס (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
אוּסְמָנָא (אסם = חֲסַם II) [the glistening.] surname of an Egyptian tribe. Targ. Ps. LXVIII, 32 (Var. חוּסְמָנַיָּא, a. אוּכְמָנָאthe dark.). Cmp. LXX χασμωνίειμ, for כסלחים; Gen. X, 14; v. Fürst. H. Dict. s. v. כסלח; Ges. H. Dict. s. v. חשם. ↗ expanded
אוּסְקָנִיתא (נסק; cmp. מַסְקָנָא) ascending, landing. גמלא דא׳landing board. Snh. 67ᵇ וקם אג׳ דא׳ Ar. (ed. וקם ג׳ דוסקנ׳ read with Rashi דסקונ׳, Ms. M. איסקניתא, oth. var. v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) and he found himself standing on a landing board (ed. and there stood before him &c.). ↗ expanded
אוֹף 1 (= אַף) too, also. (Yer. Dial.). Targ. Y. Num. XVI, 13; a. fr.—Y. Dem. I, beg. 21ᶜ א׳ הכא here too. ↗ expanded
אוּפֵי (= עֳפִי Dan. IV, 9; cmp. b. h. עָנָף, a. אִיבָּא, אִנְבָּא) branches, esp. dry twigs, spray-wood. Ber. 44ᵇ א׳ פרסייתא twigs of Persian trees. Ḥull. 105ᵃ פתכא דא׳ Ar. (ed. אופיי) a bundle of twigs. B. Mets. 30ᵇ. Git. 61ᵃ שדי אופיי (Ar. אופי) threw twigs down (which he cut off), and dates fell off (v. Tossaf. a. l.). ↗ expanded
אוֹפִי f. (אוֹף m.) (b. h. face, looks, whence, nature, disposition, ways &c. Y. Shek. I, 45ᵈ אין אתה יכול לעמוד על א׳ של וכ׳ You cannot understand the nature of that people. Lev. R. s. 30 אופוֹ של דוד Ar. ed. Koh. (ed. pr. אופי, ed. אפו) David’s ways. Y’lamd. Vaëthḥ. (quot. in Ar.) ‘who is that nation’ שהיא יודעת אופו של אלוהיה Ar. ed. Koh. (oth. ed. אופי) that knows the ways of her God (what he desires &c.); v. Yalk. Deut. 825.—Gen. R. s. 14 end נשמה זו הא׳n’shamah (breath, soul) means the disposition, character, as people say האוֹפִיתָא טבא the good nature! ↗ expanded
אוֹפְיָא (אוף; v. אנף; b. h. what is blown off, foam, froth. Ab. Zara 26ᵃ כי א׳ דימא Ms. M. (ed. דנהרא, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l., a. Ar. ed. Koh. s. v. אפי) as the foam of the Sea [river]; (Ar. as logs on the river, v. אוּפְתָּא, אוּפֵי). Ib. 70ᵇ הוות נקיטא א׳ (Var. חופיא, ה׳, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 20) she took the froth off. Ḥull. 105ᵇ א׳ (Ar. ה׳). ↗ expanded
אוֹפִיכָא (אוֹפְכָיָיא f.) (אפך) destruction, ruin. Lam. R. to III, 13 (expl. בני אשפתו ibid., v. אַשְׁפָּה) בני אוֹפִיכֵיה (Var. אוֹפְכָיֵיה) the children of those he laid in ruins; v. אִימְרָיָיא. [Differ. in Esth. R. to I, 1ᵇ, v. אוּכַּיְיפָא a. אֲמוּרְיָא.] ↗ expanded
אוֹפִיקְיָלִין (officialis, ὀφφικιάλιος) subordinate officials, constables. Y’lamd. Balak (quot. in Ar. s. v. בלש) או׳ ed. Koh. Ib. שלח אפיקלין (corr. acc.) he sent constables (for her son). ↗ expanded
אוֹפָן , v. פנה) wheel. (with ref. to Ezek. I, 15) pr. n. Ofan, name of an angel. Ḥag. 13ᵇ.—Pl. אוֹפַנִּים. Ib. 12ᵇ. R. Hash. 24ᵇ.—[In liturgic literature אופנים and אופן are used as the names of a section of the morning prayers; v. אוֹפַנָּא.] ↗ expanded
אוֹפֶןturn, method, plan. [In later Hebr.: method of interpretation = פָּנִים.]—Pl. אוֹפָנִים; Du.אוֹפְנַיִים. Ruth. R. s. 2, beg. You will soon find out איפניים שלהם וכ׳ (Yalk. Josh. 7 אופנים) their plans (strategic movements). Ab. d’R. Nath. (ed. Taussig, N’veh Shal. p. 12) על אופניו in its proper way. ↗ expanded
אוֹפַנָּא —Pl. אוֹפַנַּיָּא. Targ. Ezek. X, 13.—אוֹפַנַּיָּיה that section of the morning prayers beginning with v’haofannim and describing the angelic praises. Y. Ber. V, 9ᶜ bot. ↗ expanded
אוֹפְנָאturn, interpretation, qualification. Y. Dem. VI, 25ᵇ bot. א׳ לית לון א׳ לית לסתמא we do not recognize an interpretation (of an agreement, so as to say, נעשה כאומר וכ׳ ‘it means as though they had said—’); no qualification is admissible for an unqualified agreement. ↗ expanded
אוּפְסַיִם du. (cmp. אֶפֶס—, a. פֵּס, פִּסָּה) palms of the hand. Mekh. B’shall. Vayissa, s. 3, to Ex. XVI, 12 the Mannah came down על האו׳ וכ׳ on the hands of the Lord, as if it were to say, the Lord held forth &c. [In some ed. אוּפְסִין.] ↗ expanded
אוּפְתָּא (v. אוּפֵי) prop. the large central branch, hence trunk, stalk. Succ. 32ᵃ ואימא א׳ may I not say (as you insist on the palm-branch being kafuth, tied, joined) that I must use the stalk?—Ḥull. 47ᵇ lungs resembling לא׳ a trunk (in color, touch &c.). Ib. 16ᵃ וי"ו דכתיב אא׳ a Vav. written on a trunk (being broken on account of the rough surface = idle-talk). ↗ expanded
אוּץ , v. אוי I; cmp. אָפַץ; v. חוּץ a. חָצָה) to be pressed (to press, hurry).—Part. אוֹצֶה, pl. אוֹצִין (as from אצה, v. חוּץ, חוּל) squeezed in. Tosef. Kel. B. Mets. IX, 5 א׳ חבור (Var. הוצין) when they are squeezed in (tight), they are considered as connected for levitical purposes. ↗ expanded
אוֹצָרstore-house, magazine; provision; hoarded up treasure. B. Bath. 58ᵃ; Git. 67ᵃ, v. בָּלַם a. בָּלַס. Ab. Zar. 40ᵇ; v. הֶפְתֵּק; a. fr.—Esp. treasury, the (Roman) government’s treasury department where taxes in kind and money had to be paid. Y. Dem. VI, end, 26ᵃ ושקול על ידי לא׳ and pay for me in the treasury-department. Tosef. Dem. VI, 4 ושקול תחתיי מן הא׳ (read אל הא׳). Ib. 3 ושוקל לא׳ ed. Zuck. (ed. incorr. ואוצר). Ib. 4 פוטריני מן הא׳ get me a release from the treasury-dep.—Y. Dem. l. c. פרשיני מן הא׳ (read פוטריני). Ab. Zar. 71ᵃ לא׳, מן הא׳, Ms. M. (ed. עוצר); cmp. אָצַר.—Pl. אוֹצָרוֹת. B. Bath. 11ᵃ גנזו א׳ Ms. (ed. א׳ omitted); v. גָּנַז.—Ḥag. 12ᵇ אוֹצְרוֹת שלג וכ׳ the stores of snow &c. (in the heavens); a. fr. V. אֹצְרוֹת, א׳ רוח. ↗ expanded
אוֹצָרָא Targ. Jer. XXXVIII, 11; a. fr.—Pl. אוֹצְרִין, אוֹצְרַיָּא. Targ. Gen. XLI, 56; a. e. ↗ expanded
אוֹקְיָינוֹס (Ὠκέανος) Ocean, mostly Mediterranean Sea. Targ. Y. Gen. I, 7; a. e.—Y. Ḥall. IV, 60ᵃ bot.; a. fr.—Tanḥ. Ḥaye 3, and so is א׳ ים המת the Okeanos called the Sea of (covering) the dead. [Var. אונק׳, אנק׳.] ↗ expanded
אוֹר 1to perforate, break through, shine.—Denom. אַוִּיר, מְאוּרָה &c. Nif. נֵאוֹרto be broken through, grow light. Y. Ber. I, 2ᶜ משיֵאוֹר המזרח from the time the Eastern horizon is broken through, grows light. Hif. הֵאִיר (neut. v.) (neut. v.) to break through, shine. Y. ib. III, 6ᶜ bot. open thy lips ויָאִירוּ דבריך and let thy words come forth, speak out boldly. Yoma III, 1 ה׳ פני כל וכ׳ it has grown light all over the Eastern horizon.—פנים מֵאִירוֹת bright countenance. Num. R. s. 11; a. e. (act. v.) to enlighten, brighten, make shine. Y. M. Kat. III, 83ᵇ ה׳ עיניו וכ׳ (the teacher had opened his (Samuel’s) eyes &c. B. Mets. 33ᵃ. Num. R. l. c. Ib. המזבח מֵאִירִים את (fr. Mal. I, 10) making the altar bright (with fire), feeding the fire on the altar. Yoma 73ᵇ, v. אוּר. ↗ expanded
אוֹר Part. pass. נָאוֹרclear. Targ. Prov. IV, 25 נְאוֹרָן, נְאֹרָן, v. חֲוַר. ↗ expanded
אוֹר 2foreg.) breaking forth (cmp. Is. LVIII, 8) whence break of day, light, day; fire; trnsf. rise, glory, power, happiness. Ber. 2ᵇ ביאת אוֹרוֹ the entrance of his day-break (dawn of his eighth day; Tosaf. a. l. the sunset of his seventh day). Y. Pes. I, beg. 27ᵃ א׳ החמה sun-light. Ib. א׳ הנר candle light. Keth. 111ᵇ א׳ תורה light of the Law. B. Bath. 4ᵃ אוֹרוֹ של עולם intellectual light of the wold (a great man; the Law). Num. R. s. 15 אור של מעלן the celestial fire (believed to be the source of all light and fire); a. v. fr. (breaking in of night) twilight, evening. Pes. I, 1 לארבעה וכ׳ א׳ on the evening (eve) of the fourteenth day of Nissan; v. discussion ibid. 2ᵃ sq., about the meaning of our w. R. Hash. 22ᵇ; Snh. 70ᵇ לא׳ עיבורו the evening following the eventual intercalation, i.e. the evening from the thirtieth of the past to the first of the beginning month. (homil. = אוֹרָה II) rue. Gen. R. s. 20 in the Pentat. of R. M. it read כתנות אור וכ׳ (in place of עור Gen. III, 21) this alludes to the garments of Adam resembling the rue, wide below and narrow above; Ar. (Rashi diff.). ↗ expanded
אוּר 1foreg.) prop. light, flame; esp. Pl. אוּרִים ותומיםthe Urim and Tummim in the High-priest’s breast-plate. Yoma 73ᵇ א׳ שמאירים את דבריהם they are called Urim because they give their decisions in a clear way (not ambiguous as the oracles); cmp. Y. ib. VII, end, 44ᶜ. Sot. IX, 12. Y. Kidd. IV, beg. 65ᵇ ↗ expanded
*אוּר 2 (= עוּר q. v.) chaff. Y. Ab. Zar. II, 40ᵈ א׳ דשערין chaff of barley; (Y. Sabb. XIV, 14ᵈ עור דסערין). ↗ expanded
אוּרָא 1 , Pl. אוּרַיָּאthe Urim. Targ. Num. XXVII, 21; a. e. ↗ expanded
*אוּרָא 2skin. Y. Ned. III beg. 37ᵈ אוּרֵיה (read אוּדְרֵיה?, v. אֵדֶר I); v. however Y. Shebu. III, 34ᵈ ↗ expanded
אוֹרָאָהteaching, decision. Targ. Ez. VII, 26; a. e. ↗ expanded
אוּרְבָּא (ארב, ערבto braid, interlace &c.); pl. אוּרְבֵּי, אָרְבֵּיmeshes, void spaces, intervals. Sabb. 50ᵇ ביני או׳ ed. (Ar. ארבי, Var. אַרְכֵי, v. אַרְכָא I; אדכי, v. Ar. ed. Koh. S. V. ארכי, note) between the meshes or void spaces between the bricks. Git. 69ᵇ. B. Bath. 3ᵃ (Ms. ירכי, oth. Var. v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note). ↗ expanded
אוּרְבִּינָא (ארב, v. foreg., cmp. סבך, סכך) brier, nettle or a similar plant (corresp. to h. סרפד). Targ. II, Esth. II, 7 (Ar. ארבניא). ↗ expanded
אוּרְבָּנָא, pl. אוּרְבָּנֵי m. (v. foreg.; cmp. עֲרָבָה) bulrushes. Sabb. 101ᵃ קני ואו׳ (some ed. ואר׳) reeds and bulrushes. Snh. 82ᵇ בין קני לא׳ וכ׳ what has Sh’vilnai (a woman) to do between the reeds and the bulrushes? (prov. for suspicious movements of women). B. Bath. 6ᵃ, v. צְרִיפָא. ↗ expanded
אורדי Kidd. 12ᵃ, זוודא דא׳, read דאוּדְרֵי or דאוּדְדֵי, v. אוּדְדָא↗ expanded
אוּרְדַּעְנָה (v. foreg.) a disease of the tongue, rana (frog). Y. Sabb. XIV, 14ᵈ top. ↗ expanded
אוֹרָה 1 (b. h. = אוֹר) light, sun. Y. Pes. II, 29ᵃ מאיר כא׳ clear as the sun. Zeb. 19ᵇ, a. e. לא׳at daybreak. Gen. R. s. 3 beg.; a. fr.—Chald. Adv. לִכְאוֹרָהat first sight, apparently. Keth. 54ᵃ לכא׳ כשמואל רהיטא apparently it would run (agree) with Samuel, כי מעיינת וכ׳ but when you consider &c. ↗ expanded
אוֹרָה 2 ; pl. אוֹרוֹת (b. h. herbs, esp. rocket. Yoma 18ᵇ, expl. גַּרְגִּיר (etymol. שמאירות וכ׳; cmp. Plin. XX, 13 quot. in Löw Aram. Pfl. p. 93). [Gen. R. s. 20 אוֹר rue; v. אוֹר II, 3.] ↗ expanded
אוֹרֶז (cmp. ὄρυζα, b. h. r. ארז to be hard) rice. Ber. 37ᵃ; a. fr.—Pes. 35ᵃ (opinions as to its classification with ref. to Passover laws). Cmp. אֶרֶז. ↗ expanded
אוּרְזָא Targ. Y. Num. XV, 19 אורי׳.—Y. Sabb. III, 6ᵇ top אורז׳. Pes. 50ᵇ ארו׳ (Ms. M. אורז; ib. 51ᵃ top ארזא, corr. acc.). Ib. 114ᵇ ארוזא. ↗ expanded
אוּרְזִילָא (אזל with anorg. ר; Syr. עוזילא) a slender young animal, esp. the young of the gazelle or any similar animal (Reëm). Targ. Cant. II, 9 א׳ דאיילא (h. text עֹפֶר). Zeb. 113ᵇ א׳ דרימא בת יומא (read בר); B. Bath. 73ᵇ (corr. as Zeb. l. c.; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) a young antilope one day old. Num. R. s. 11; Cant. R. to II, 9; Pesik. R. s. 15 א׳ דאיילתא (עוּרְזִילֵיהוֹן וכ׳ pl.) young deer.—Pl. אוּרְזִילִין, אוֹרְ׳; אַרְזִילֵי. Targ. Cant. IV, 5; VII, 4. B. Bath. 74ᵇ ארזילי דימא (Ms. M. אוזילי) sea-gazelles.—[ hammock, v. אַרְזְלָא.] ↗ expanded
אוּרְזָנַיָּיא (אורזא) a rice dish (prepared with wine). [Oth. opin. cedar-fruits; millet.] Y. Maas. Sh. II, beg. 53ᵇ. Y. Yoma VIII, 45ᵃ top; Y. Shebu. III, 34ᵇ bot. אורזרייה (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
אוֹרֵחַwayfarer, esp. guest. Ber. 58ᵃ; a. fr.—Euphem. menstruation. Nidd. 16ᵃ (cmp. Gen. XVIII, 11 oraḥ). Lev. R. s. 4.—Pl. אוֹרְחִים, אוֹרְחִין.—הכנסת א׳ the invitation of guests, hospitality. Sabb. 127ᵃ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אוֹרַח c. = h. אֹרַח, road, path, way. Targ. Jud. V, 6; a. fr.—א׳ ארעא (h. דרך ארץ) custom. Ab. Zar. 2ᵇ; a. fr.—א׳ דמילתא a usual incident. Git. 29ᵃ; a. fr.—אגב אורחך, אגב אורחיה &c. on thy road (his road &c.), i.e. by the way, occasionally, incidentally. Ber. 2ᵃ. Snh. 95ᵇ; a. fr.—Gen. R. s. 100 על א׳ for the journey (death). Targ. Y. II, Gen. XXXV, 9 ארחא דעלמא the way of the world (death).—Pl.אוֹרְחָן, אָרְחָן; אָרְחָתָא. Targ. Jud. l. c. Targ. Y. II, Gen. XLIX, 17; a. e.—Snh. 109ᵃ יהבית אוֹרְחַיָּה לגנבַיָּה (missing in Ms. M., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) thou hast shown the thieves the ways (of stealing).—[אוֹרְחָא guest, v. אָרְחָא.] ↗ expanded
אוּרִי (b. h.) Uri, an Amora. Y. Ber. II, beg. 4ᵃ ר׳ חונה ר׳ א׳ R. Ḥuna in the name of R. U. ↗ expanded
אוּרְיָא (v. אוֹר a. אוּרְתָּא)evening horizon, Sun-set, West, v. מערבא. B. Bath. 25ᵃ אוריה מאי ed. (Ar. אוריא) why is it called Urya? אויר יה (Var. אור) divine air (divine light = Palestine). Kidd. 12ᵇ איכא סהדי באוריא הא Ar. (ed. אידית, emend. in Tossaf. אורית), [read with ב"ח: הא אמרי איכא וכ׳] but people say, there are witnesses in the West &c. Cmp. אֶסְתָּן. ↗ expanded
אוּרְיָא ²pile of plucked plants, stalk, shed containing feed (dist. fr. אוֹצָר granary).—Pl. אוּרְיָאוֹת, אוּרְיָי׳ (אוּרְיוֹת). Tosef. Maasr. II, 20 ed. Zuck. (Var. אוריות); ib. Erub. VI (V), 4; Erub. 55ᵇ Ar. (ed. אוריות, אורוות, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note). [In bibl. h. אֻרְוָהcrib, stable q. v.] ↗ expanded
אוּרְיָא ³ (= b. h. אֻרְוָה) crib; stable. Targ. Is. I, 3 (h. text אֵבוּס q. v.).—Snh. 98ᵇ סוסיא באוּרְיֵיה … a horse is placed at his (the ox’s) crib., i.e. Israel is displaced and other nations feed on his soil.—M. Kat. 10ᵇ למבני א׳ to build a stable (during the festive week). [Targ. II Esth. VI, 10; 11 אוּרַיָּא, read אוּרְיָאstable.]—Pl. אוּרְיָין, אוּרְוָותָא, (אוּרְיָיתָא) אֻרְוָותָא. Targ. II Chr. IX, 25; I Kings V, 6. Targ. II Esth. l. c. (אוּרְיָיתָא prob. sing.); a. e. ↗ expanded
אוֹרְיָא ² (horreum, pl. horrea, ὡρεῖον, ὥριον; v. Sm. Ant. s. v.) store-house, store (of all kinds). Tanḥ. B’resh. 7 וכל א׳ שלי בתוכה all my stores are in that ship.—Pl. אוּרְיָאַיָּא (ch. form). Targ. I Chr. XXI, 13.—אוּרְיָיאוֹת (h. form). Targ. II Chr. XXXII, 28 (h. text מסכנות). V. אוֹרְיָיר, אֲהוֹרְיָיר. ↗ expanded
אוּרִיאֵלUriël, name of an angel. Targ. Y. Deut. XXXIV, 6.—Num. R. s. 2. ↗ expanded
אוֹרָיָיא (ירי, Af. אוֹרִי = h. תֹּורָה) instruction, the Law, Bible-verse. Targ. Lev. VI, 7; a. fr.—מילה דא׳ (= דברי תורה) religious discourse, lesson, remarks &c. Y. B. Bath. VIII, 16ᵃ אורייא; Y. Taan. III, 66ᶜ bot. ייתא …—Y. Snh. I, 18ᶜ אפלגינון במילי דא׳ he entertained them with religious discussions. Y. Hor. III, beg. 47ᵃ עתיד לך מילה דא׳ be prepared for a religious discourse. Y. Shek. III, 47ᶜ top מאי א׳ חדתא שמעת what novel interpretation hast thou heard? Y. Yeb. II, 4ᵃ top מן הדא אורייה from what verse?—Taan. 4ᵃ ליה א׳ … מרתח׳ it is the zeal of study that makes him warm (excited). Kidd. 71ᵇ אורייתין כשר׳ my instruction is acceptable, but my daughters are not desired. Sabb. 116ᵇ א׳ דמשה the Mosaic dispensation (opp. א׳ אחריתי the new dispensation, v. אָוֶון).—דְּאוֹרַיְיתָא (sub. הלכה = h. התורה מן) an enactment founded on the Bible text, opp. דרבנן. Succ. 44ᵃ לולב דא׳ Lulab, the law concerning which is Biblical &c.; a. fr.—מִדְּאוֹרַיְיתָא, adv. biblically, according to the Biblical law, opp. מדרבנן. Pes. 10ᵃ; a. fr. the Torah, the scroll containing the Pentateuch, used at divine service. Y. Yoma VII, 44ᵇ top כד היא חדא אוריא when you have no more than one scroll. Y. Meg. IV, 75ᵇ bot.; Y. Sot. VII, end, 22ᵃ כד חזרא אורייה (corr. as Y. Yoma l. c.). Ib. תא וכ׳—תמן מייבלין א there (in Babylon) the Torah is carried to the Resh Galutha.—בר אוריא a scholar, man of learning. Yoma 78ᵃ. Ḥag. 14ᵃ אריא (corr. acc.); v. next w.↗ expanded
אוֹרְיָיןsame; the Law. Sabb. 31ᵇ. Ib. 88ᵃ א׳ תליתאי the threefold law (Pentat., Proph., Hagiogr.). scholarship, authority to teach and judge. Ber. 12ᵃ בר אוריאן ed. (Ms. M. אוריא); v. foreg. w.—[ *authority, office. Gen. R. s. 50 בית אוריין ed. (Ar. מיתורין, Lev. R. s. 26 מתורין) place of office. V. מִיתוֹרְיִין.] ↗ expanded
אוֹרְיָין 2 (v. foreg.) pr. n. m. Oryan, Oryon. Esth. R. beg. אבא א׳, Abba O. (cmp. אַבָּא). Y. Sabb. X, 12ᵈ top יצחק בר אוריון. ↗ expanded
אוֹרְיָיר (horrearius, ὡρειάριος, v. אוֹרְיָא, אֲהוֹרְיָיר)store-keeper, used in the sense of אוֹלְיָיר. Y. B. Bath. IV, beg. 14ᶜ מקום הא׳ (Tosef. ibid. III, 3 בית האוליירין) the clothes-keeper’s room.—Pl. אוֹרְיָירִין. Y. l. c. אורורין, אורוו׳ (corr. acc.) Toh. VIII, 7 אודיארין (corr. acc.; Tosef. ib. VII, 8 אוליארין). ↗ expanded
אוּרְיָירָא —Pl. אוּרְיָירַיָּא. Targ. I Chr. XXVII, 25; XXVI, 22 (ed. Rahm. אורייד׳, corr. acc.; Var. אוּרְיָרַיָּא, h. text על אוצרות). ↗ expanded
אוֹרֶךְlength, lengthiness. Midr. Sam. ch. XIII, וכל הא׳ הזה למה and why all this lengthiness (of speech). ↗ expanded
אוּרְכָּא , length. Targ. O. Gen. VI, 15 [Constr. אוֹרֶךְ Targ. Y. Ex. XXVI, 13; Targ. O. ib., corr. acc.]—Sabb. 140ᵇ טונא כי טונא וא׳ וכ׳ a load (of twigs) is a load, and the length goes in the bargain (the price is the same). ↗ expanded
אוֹרָכוּתָא (= אֲרִיכוּת) length (of life). (of life). Targ. Ps. XCI, 16; a. e. waiting, hope. Ibid. XXXIX, 8; a. e. tarrying. Targ. Y. Deut. II, 31. ↗ expanded
אוֹרָן ch. = h. אֹרֶן. Targ. Is. XL, 20; XLIV, 14. ↗ expanded
*אַוְרַנֹּוסאַוְרַנְסֵי, אַבְרַ׳ (ῥάμνος, rhamnus) a kind of prickly shrubs, used for medical purposes and carried in lengthy bundles (v. D. C. Gr. s. v., a. Sm. Ant. s. v.). Sabb. 91ᵇ או׳ ed. (Ms. M. אב׳; Ar. ארנסי). [As to ור, בר for aspirate r, v. Lidd. a. Scott, Gr. Lex, 7ᵗʰ ed. s. lit. P.] ↗ expanded
אוּרְעִיתָא (ארע; corresp. to h. צִרְעָה) wasp, hornet (collect.). Targ. Y. Ex. XXIII, 28; a. e.—Pl. אוּרְעַיָּיתָא. Targ. Y. Deut. I, 44; a. e.—אוּרְעֵי, אוּרְעַיָּה. Targ. Y. Lev. XI, 20 ed. pr. (corr. vowel signs; later ed. אוזפיה). Y. Sabb. I, 3ᵇ bot. תולעתא דסוסיא וכ׳ the mite in the horse’s carcass turns into hornets. [Cmp. same ideas among the Greek, Sachs Beitr. II, 92; Nican Ther. 741.] ↗ expanded
אוּרְתָּא (v. אוֹרevening, night. Pes. 2ᵃ; 2ᵇ אור א׳ the or of the Mishn. means evening. Ber. 3ᵇ; a. fr.—Y. Sot. I, 17ᵇ top, v. בְּרַת. ↗ expanded
אֲוַשׁ , Pa. אַוֵּושׁ, (√אוו, v. אָוָוז; cmp. אוף, אנף, אפף, אופי, אוסי, אבב) to blow vehemently, make noise, shout. B. Mets. 86ᵃ נשב זיקא וא׳ וכ׳ the wind blew and howled between the branches. Ber. 50ᵃ וכ׳ איידי דאוושו because all shouted, the prayer was not heard. Ib. אוושו כ"ע ברכו they all shouted ‘bar’khu’.—Erub. 97ᵇ אוושא מילתא the thing grows loud, becomes known. Ḥull. 46ᵇ ריאה דא׳ lungs which give out a sound when blown up (indicating perforation). Ber. 58ᵃ כי קא אוושא (Ms. M. שמעו קל א׳) when shouting was heard. to swell, to be large, fulsome, lengthy (in wording). R. Hash. 35ᵃ משום דאוושי ברכות (Ms. M. קראי …) because the benedictions are numerous and lengthy. Ned. 2ᵇ הלין דא׳ וכ׳ משום because the last named propositions are lengthy, he explained first what he had commenced with. ↗ expanded
אוּשׁ 1 (v. foreg; cmp. יֵשׁ, אִישׁ) to be strong, exist. Nithpol. נִתְאוֹשֵׁשׁto be confirmed. Gen. R. s. 67; s. 78 והיכן נ׳ בידן when were the blessings made sure &c. Cmp. אָשַׁשׁ. ↗ expanded
אוּשׁ 2 (אשש 2, cmp. foreg.) pl. אוּשִּׁיןfoundations. B. Kam. 50ᵃ חופר לא׳ digs excavations for supporting walls. ↗ expanded
אוּשָּׁא , also fortification. Targ. Cant. VIII, 9.—Pl. אוּשַּׁיָּא. [Ezra IV, 12; a. e.]. Targ. I Kings VII, 7; VI, 16; a. e. [Targ. Mic. I, 6 ed. Ven. אַוְשָׁהָא her foundations. Targ. Y. Ex. IX, 18 אנשהא (corr. אַוְ׳)]. [Not to be conf. with אשיתא]. ↗ expanded
אוּשָׁאUhsa, in Galilee; freq. the scene of rabbin. synods and enactments during and after the Hadrianic persecutions. Keth. 50ᵃ מרה דשמעתא דא׳ master of the traditions of U. (in whose name they are quoted). [Ib. קאי באוכלוסא דא׳, read בהילכתא engaged in teaching the laws passed at U.] R. Hash. 31ᵇ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אוֹשַׁעְיָא (in Y. הוֹשַׁעְיָא q. v.) pr. n. m. Oshāya, freq. surnamed רַבָּא (the elder), an Amora of the first generation, redactor of Tosefta. Yeb. 18ᵇ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אוּשְׁפֵּיז (נשף, with ז format; cmp. אטליז) night’s lodging, inn.— Pl. אוּשְׁפִּיזִין. בעלי א׳innkeepers. Tosef. Maas. Sh. I, 13; Meg. 26ᵃ. [Mand. שפינזא, v. Nœld. Mand. Gr. p. 51.] ↗ expanded
אוּשְׁפִּיזָא Git. 44ᵇ אית ליה א׳ וכ׳ he has a lodging place in Palestine, (is an occasional resident), opp. ביתא permanent home. Meg. 26ᵃ; Yoma 12ᵃ it is customary to leave empty jars and hides of slaughtered animals (ל) באושפיזֵיה in one’s inn. Zeb. 61ᵇ א׳ הוה נקט וכ׳ (Ms. M. אוּשְׁפְּזִיכָא … נקיטא, v. אושפיזכן; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) the Divine fire took up its abode now here and now there. Erub. 53ᵇ שאיל בא׳ (Rashi משייל בעניין אושפזיכני, read ניה …, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 80) inquired after the character of an inn (of his landlord). Ib. (enigmatic inquiry that the landlord might not overhear it) גבר פום דין חי מה טיבו Ar. (v. Rabb. l. c. note 90) = איש־פי־ז־נא our inn—what is its character? ↗ expanded
אוּשְׁפִּיזְכָן (Denom. of אושפיז = אושפיזך, with locat. ך, cmp. דָּא, דֵּךְ) innkeeper, landlord, host. Meg. 26ᵃ; Yoma 12ᵃ; Sot. 37ᵃ; Zeb. 54ᵃ נעשה א׳ וכ׳ Benjamin became the host of the Divine Presence (the Temple being partly situated in his territory). ↗ expanded
אוּשְׁפִּיזְכָנָא Zeb. 18ᵇ בר אושפיזכניה (Ms. M. only אוּשְׁפְּזִיכְנֵיה) (the son of) his host. Snh. 7ᵇ bot. Yoma 78ᵃ פיזכנה … Ms. M. (ed. נין …). Bets. 4ᵃ; a. fr.—Erub. 53ᵇ, v. אוּשְׁפִּיזָא.—Fem. אוּשְׁפִּיזַכְתָּאhostess. Ber. 18ᵇ ed. Ms. M. (בת אושפיזכניה). ↗ expanded
אוֹת 1to join, fit. Nif. נֵאוֹת, נֵיאוֹת (b. h.) to be suited, pleased, whence to be gratified, to enjoy. Y. Ber. III, 6ᶜ top ראה את עצמו נ׳ וכ׳ he dreamt he felt sexual gratification; Y. Yoma VII, 44ᵈ bot.; Y. Taan. I, 64ᶜ bot.—Y. Bets. I, 61ᵃ כל שנֵאותין בו בי"ט whatever you are permitted to make use of on Holy Days.—Fut. יֵאוֹת. Ber. VIII, 6 עד שיֵאוֹתוּ לאורו until being near enough to enjoy its light. Y. Ab. Zar. I, 39ᶜ top, a. e., differences as to spelling יֵאוֹתוּ or יֵעוּתוּ.—Denom. הֲנָאָה, נָאֶה, נָאוֶה, נוֹי. ↗ expanded
אוֹת 2 c. (b. h.; v. אוי, mark, sign, emblem; test, signal, military ensign. Ḥag. 16ᵃ (play on ואתה Deut. XXXIII, 2; cmp. foreg.) אות הוא וכ׳ He is the ensign among his myriad; v. דּוּגְמָא. M. Kat. 25ᵇ אל תזניחנו בא׳ וכ׳ forsake us not in the symbolic trial of bitter waters (in our trials). Pl. אוֹתוֹת. Kil. IX, 10 א׳ הגרדין וכ׳ the marks which the weavers &c. put on goods in their charge. B. Kam. 119ᵇ you must not buy from the dyer לא א׳ ולא דוגמות either tests (pieces cut off to test the color) or samples (as specimens of color). letter, writing, symbol. B. Bath. 15ᵃ אות אחת one letter. Sabb. 103ᵃ; a. fr.—Pl. אוֹתִיּוֹת (fr. אוֹתוּת or אוֹתִית). Kidd. 30ᵃ סופרים כל הא׳ recorded (or counted) all the letters of the Torah. Snh. X, 1 השם באוֹתִיוֹתָיו the Divine Name with the letters in which it is written (Jehovah). Kidd. 71ᵃ שם בן ארבע א׳ the quadriliteral Name; cmp. שֵׁם.—Lev. R. s. 26, beg. ח׳ א׳ eight letters. Sabb. XII, 3; a. fr.—Trnsf. notes, documents. Tosef. Kidd. I, 7; B. Bath. 75ᵇ; a. e. ↗ expanded
אוֹת 3 v. אֵת) only with pronominal suffix indicating the objective case, אוֹתִיme, אוֹתְךָthee, &c.—2) with pronom., &c. with pronom. suffix of third person, for emphasizing the subject, אוֹתוֹhe himself, this one, the same, he who &c. Gen. R. s. 2, beg. ישב לו א׳ וכ׳ the latter now sat there confounded &c. Y. Git. VI, 47ᵈ באותו ענין on this very subject (divorce). Sabb. 13ᵇ זכור אותו האיש וכ׳ may that man be remembered for good. Ber. V, 3 באוֹתָהּ שעה in that hour; a. fr.—אותו מקום euphem. for pudenda. Nidd. 47ᵇ. Git. 69ᵇ; a. e.—אותו ואת בנו the law concerning the killing of the young with its mother on the same day (Lev. XXII, 28). Ḥull. V, 1; a. fr.—Pl. אוֹתָן. Y. Meg. IV, 74ᵈ top א׳ שבפה those laws delivered orally. Keth. 4ᵃ כל א׳ הימים all those days; a. fr. [In later writings אותו האיש is freq. used for Jesus of Nazareth. ↗ expanded
אזד־ Ithpe. prefix of verbs with prim. lit. ז as אזדווג fr. זווג &c. ↗ expanded
אֲזַד (= אזז √אז; cmp. אזל I; גז, חז, עז, חצד &c.) to be cut off; to go apart, be gone. Sabb. 34ᵇ; a. fr. ואזדו לטעמייהו they differ (cmp. פלג), each following his own principle (or consistent with opinions elsewhere expressed). Ned. 41ᵃ שיתא אזדו (Rashi אזלו ליה) six of them are gone (escaped his memory). Bets. 10ᵇ אזדו לעלמא disappeared (Ms. M. אזלו; 11ᵃ אזלו). Meïl. 17ᵇ נפק אזדא Ar. (read אזד, ed. אזל) he went out and away. V. אֲזַל. ↗ expanded
אַזְדָּא (foreg.) [it is] decreed (cmp. גְּזֵרָה). Dan. II, 5.—B. Mets. 116ᵇ if the landlord said, I let you this loft (as it is) א׳ it is a (divine) decree, i.e. it is the tenant’s misfortune that the loft fell in, and he has no claims. V. Ges. H. Dict. s. v. ↗ expanded
אַזְהָרָה (זהר) forewarning, prohibition, esp. the explicit prohibition (‘thou shalt not’) in the Bible, required for punishing trespassers. Y. Peah I, 16ᵃ top א׳ ללה"ר a biblical admonition against calumny. Num. R. s. 7 (play on zara Num. XI, 20) והי׳ לכם לא׳ it shall be a warning to you. Yeb. 3ᵇ א׳ שמענו וכ׳ we learn here the legal prohibition, whence do we derive the penalty? a. tr.—Pl. אַזְהָרוֹת. Kerith. III, 10; a. fr. enlightenment. Cant. R. to VII, 3, v. אִדַּר. ↗ expanded
אַזְהַרְתָּא as foreg. 1. Shebu. 20ᵇ ואַזְהַרְתֵּיה מה׳ and the legal prohibition concerning it, is to be derived from this verse.—Pl. אַזְהָרָן. Y. Yoma VIII, 45ᵃ תלת א׳ three prohibitory verses. ↗ expanded
אֵזוֹבhyssop. Neg. XIV, 6 א׳ יון (Ar. אזביון) Greek hyssop. Sabb. XIV, 3 (109ᵇ) איזוביון, איזביון (read two words, Ms. O., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 4); a. fr.—Pl. אֵיזוֹבִים M. Kat. 25ᵇ אֵיזוֹבֵי קִיר the hyssop (moss) on the wall (common humanity); v. אֶרֶז. ↗ expanded
אֵזוֹר c. (b. h.; girdle, belt. M. Kat. 14ᵃ אֵיזוֹרוֹ וכ׳ his girdle (around his house-gown) testifies for him (that he has no more than the shirt he is washing). Tosef. Shebu. V, 12 sq.; a. e.—Pl. אֵזוֹרִים, אֵיז׳. Gen. R. s. 100 אֵזוֹרֵי מתניהם וכ׳ they loosened the girdles of their loins (in mourning sympathy). [Ch. זריז.] ↗ expanded
אֵזוֹרָא Sot. I, 17ᵇ top איזורִי ואיזורֵיה דברי וכ׳ my belt, and my son’s belt and that of his father in law; Num. R. s. 9 (p. 232ᵇ ed. Amst.); Y. Peah VII, 20ᵃ bot. (corr. acc.); cmp. Midr. Sam. ch. XIII. ↗ expanded
אֲזִי (= אַזְעִי, v. אוּדְיָיתָא a. זִיעַ)to heat (make steam). Dan. III, 19; 22.—Targ. Is. XXXIII, 4 וַאֲזַן (Regia אֵיזִין) and they shall heat (baths, ovens) therewith (h. text מַשַּׂק = מַשַּׁק), v. זִירְקְתָא; (cmp. Ezek. XXXIX, 9). Ib. XLIV, 15 (for baking); a. e.—Y. Ter. VIII, end, 46ᶜ a bath house דאזייה וכ׳ which he had heated for seven days. Koh. R. to II, 8; a. e. דהוון אָזְיִין בהון that entertained the fires in them.—Lev. R. s. 28, end ועל מזגיה וקנחיה (read ואַזְּיֵיה Pa.) and he (Haman) went and made him sweat and cleansed him (with the scraper). Ithpe. אִתְּזִי (contr. of אתאזי) to be heated. Gen. R. s. 63 קלוון אנא דיִתְּזוּן וכ׳ I command that the bath-houses be heated. Ib. אזלון ואִתְּזוּן they went off, and the bath-houses were heated (some ed. דְּיִחֲמוּן a. אַחְמוּן). ↗ expanded
אֲזֵינָא , pl. (זין) אֲזֵינִיןweapons, בית א׳receptacle of weapons, quiver. Targ. Jer. V, 16. Targ. Is. XLIX, 2 (ed. Ven. אַזְנִין). V. Targ. to Deut. XXIII, 14 אֲזֵנֶךָ. ↗ expanded
אַזְכָּרָה (b. h.; = הַזְכָּרָה, remembrance, mention (of Div. Name), recitation (of prayer); reference. Y. Ber. V, 9ᵇ א׳ שהיא מריוח the reference to rain (in the second section of the eighteen benedictions) which is an expression of satisfaction (plenty), opp. שאלה, the prayer for rain (in the ninth benediction) which is an expression of anxiety.—Y. Meg. III, 74ᵇ top שתהא אַזְכָּרָתָן קודם וכ׳ that the recitation (of the events commemorated on Purim) precede the celebration thereof. (v. אַדְכָּרָה) the Divine Name, Tetragrammaton. Num. R. s. 2, beg. the students מראים את הא׳ וכ׳ point out the Div. Name with their fingers; Cant. R. to II, 4 מדלג על הא׳ skips the Div. Name in recitation of lessons.—Pl. אַזְכָּרוֹת. Yoma 8ᵃ שיש בהן א׳ הרבה in which the Div. N. frequently occurs. Y. Ber. III, 6ᶜ.—Y. Sabb. XVI, 15ᶜ bot.; Bab. ibid. 116ᵃ קודר אזכרותֵיהֶן you must cut out the Div. N. occurring in them (the heretic writings). Y. Taan. II, 65ᶜ top י"ח א׳ וכ׳ eighteen times that the Tetragrammaton appears in the Psalm Habu (XXIX). Num. R. s. 2, beg.; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֲזַל 1to be gone, to leave; to go. Targ. Gen. XXXII, 1. Imper. אִיזֵּיל, אִזֵּיל. Targ. O. Num. XXII, 20; a. fr.—Y. Snh. X, 28ᵇ איזיל חמי וכ׳ go, show thy face &c. Ib. לינה מֵיזַל … דנא מיזל וכ׳ I will not go … for if I did go &c. Sabb. 116ᵃ א׳ כתב א׳ וכ׳ after the writing is gone, the sacredness of the scroll is gone (after the scroll has become unfit for sacred use, the material has lost its sacred character). Y. Dem. III, 23ᵇ bot. הא אזילא מיבלא וכ׳ that man’s load would soon be gone (if each were permitted to take a chip). Y. Ber. VIII, 12ᵃ הא אזילא ההיא דרב וכ׳ is the decision of Rab and Samuel gone (to be disregarded)? Y. Snh. X, 28ᵃ bot. הא א׳ הדא וכ׳ (ed. Krot. חדא) is that which was received from (is the tradition of) … to be disregarded? Y. Yeb. VIII, 9ᶜ bot. הא אזילא היא וכ׳ (ed. Krot. איזלא, corr. acc.; for היא read הדא or ההיא).—Trnsf. to depart life, die. Y. Ḥag. II, 77ᵈ bot. this one committed a sin וא׳ בה and died in it, and the other &c. M. Kat. 28ᵇ ווי לאזלא woe, for the departed one! Y. Keth. XII, 35ᵃ top אזילto die, contrad. to אתי to resurrect.—Imperat. usu. זִיל = אזיל.—Ḥull. 11ᵇ ז׳ בתר רובא follow the majority of cases; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֲזַל 2 (= עזל; v. Ezek. XXVII, 19; √זל) to spin, weave. B. Mets. 24ᵇ קיבורא דאזלי ביה אזלויי a skein which the net-weavers had used; v. זוּל II. Denom. אִיזְלָא a. next w.↗ expanded
אַזְלוֹיָא (foreg.) weaver. Pl. אַזְלוֹיֵי. B. Mets. 24ᵇ (some ed. אזלוי corr. acc.), v. foreg.↗ expanded
אִזְמַרְגַּד (σμάραγδος, σμαράγδιον) emerald, a jewel (also colored crystal; v. זמרגד a. זמרגדין). Targ. Job. XLII, 13. Targ. O. Ex. XXVIII, 18 (Targ. Y. ib. אִזְמוֹרַד); a. e. Ex. R. s. 38, end אִסְמַרַגְדִּין. ↗ expanded
אֹזֶןto be pointed, cut, cmp. חז, גז. v. אוּדְנָא) ear. B. Kam. 79ᵇ א׳ של מַטָּה human ear, opp. Divine perception. Y. Sabb. I, 3ᵇ top; a. fr. handle. Cant. R. beg. ולא הי׳ לה א׳ וכ׳ but had no handle and could not be carried; a. fr.—Du. אָזְנַיִם 1) ears. Lev. R. s. 32, beg. א׳ לדרך the road has ears (be on your guard in speaking); a. fr.—2) handles. Kel. IV, 3, v. גיסטרא; a. fr. אָזְנַיִם or בנות א׳swollen glands of the throat (Rashi). Ab. Zar. 28ᵇ א׳; Y. ib. II, 40ᵈ top; Y. Sabb. XIV, 14ᵈ top בנות א׳. ↗ expanded
אָזַרto put around, girdle; to strengthen. Hithpa. הִתְאַזָּרto gird, strengthen one’s self. Ber. 16ᵇ ותִתְאַזָּר וכ׳ and gird thyself with thy mercy. ↗ expanded
אֶזְרָח [planted], native, citizen. Succ. 28ᵃ א׳ זה א׳ if it read ezraḥ (Lev. XXIII, 42), it would mean every native (man or woman); a. fr.—Pl. אֶזְרָחִים. Sifra Emor, end.—Fem. אֶזְרָחִית, pl. אֶזְרָחִיּות. Succ. l. c. ↗ expanded
אָח 1brother, kinsman; fellow, equal, fellow-believer &c. Meg. 11ᵃ (play on ăhashverosh, Ahasverus) אָׄחִׄיו שׄל רׄאשׄ וכ׳ a brother (in cruelty) to the chief tyrant (Nebucadn.); a. fr.—Pl. אַחִים, אַחִין. Gen. R. s. 89, beg. (play on āḥu, Gen. XLI, 2) in years of plenty הבריות נעשו א׳ וכ׳ people are brotherly to each other. Gen. R. s. 99 אחים דפחתא וכ׳ brothers to the degraded woman (Dinah), … but not to Joseph; a. fr.—Cant. R. to VIII, 1 שני אחים brother and sister↗ expanded
אַח Targ. fr.—Pl. אָחִין. Targ. Gen. XIII, 8; a. e.—אַחֵי Yeb. 65ᵇ.—Y. Yoma VI, 43ᵈ אֲחֵינָן our brothers↗ expanded
אָח 2 interj. interj. (b. h.) exclamation of sorrow, Oh! Meg. 11ᵃ (play on ăhashverosh; v. אָח I) א׳ לראשו woe upon his head. Snh. 102ᵇ (play on Ahabאח־אב) א׳ לשמי׳ a subject of grief to the Lord, and father (friend) of idolatry.—2 (= Syr.) exclamation of joy, Ah! Targ. Is. XLIV, 16 (h. הֶאָח). ↗ expanded
אַחָאbrother; v. אַח. pr. n. m. Aḥa. Arakh. 22ᵇ; Keth. 88ᵃ, surnamed שר הבירה superintendent of the palace. Y. Ber. II, 5ᵃ R. A. surnamed Roba; a. many others. Y. Taan. II, 65ᵃ bot.; a. v. fr. ↗ expanded
אַחֲבָא (contr. of אחי אבא) father’s brother, uncle. Targ. Jer. XXXII, 7 אַחֲבוּךְ thy uncle. Targ. O. Lev. X, 4 (Ms. I a. III אח אבוהי; Targ. Y. חביבא q. v.); a. e. Yeb. 21ᵇ Ar. s. v. בי אחבא (ed. בי דודי). ↗ expanded
אֶחָד , אַחַת f. (b. h.; v. next w., one. [Freq. represented by א׳.] Kidd. 50ᵇ, a. fr. בבת אחתsimultaneously, v. בַּת III. Peah III, 3 המחליק מאחת יד וכ׳ (Ms. M. בא׳) he who takes out onions with a unity of hand, i.e. all of them for one purpose. Ber. 61ᵇ, a. fr. על אחת כמה וכמה (abbr. עאכ"ו) how much against one, i.e. how much the more.—אחד … אחד both … as well as. Tem. I, 1 א׳ האנשים וכ׳ both, men as well as women. Y. Keth. V, 29ᵈ top אחת זו ואחתֹ זו the one as well as the other; a. fr.—כְּאֶחָד, כְּאַחַתat the same time. Tosef. Neg. I, 11; sq. Sot. 8ᵃ; a. fr.—Yoma I, 7 והפג אחת and cool thyself for once, for a change, v. חֲדַת.—Pl. אֲחָדִיםsingular, unique. Yalk. Gen. 62 (ref. to דברים אחדים Gen. XI, 1) they spoke words על שני א׳ against two only ones (ref. to אחד Ezek. XXXIII, 24 a. Deut. VI, 4) [corr. acc. Gen. R. s. 38]. (cmp. אֲחַד) closed up, mysterious. Gen. R. l. c. (Yalk. l. c. אֲחוּדִים v. next w.). ↗ expanded
אָחַד (sec. r. of חוּד, v. חוּד I) to join, close. Part. pass. אָחוּד, pl. אֲחוּדִיםclosed up, mysterious. Yalk. Gen. 62, v. foreg.joined, united. Gen. R. s. 38 (ref. to Gen. XI, 1, v. foreg.) דברים א׳ common goods, communism. ↗ expanded
אֲחַד , Pa. אָחֵיד, אַחֵד ch. (v. foreg.) (corresp. to h. סגר a. תפש; cmp. h. אחז) to close (the door), to lock up; to seize, capture. Targ. Is. XXII, 22 אָחֵיד. Ib. יֵיחוֹד, יִיחוֹד (fut.).—Targ. Deut. XXI, 19 יְאַ׳ = יַחֲדוּן (Pa.; Var. יֶחֱדוּן = יֶאֶח׳ Pe.). Targ. Am. III, 5; a. fr.—Snh. 26ᵃ bot., a. e. אחדיה לדשא locked the door. Pes. 111ᵇ ליה רוחא אחדא a spirit (demon, disease) seizes him.—Part. pass. אֲחִיד a) locked up. Targ. Josh. VI, 1; a. e.—b) (v. אָחוּז, s. v. אָחַז) holding. Targ. Am. II, 15; a. fr.—Part. pass. Pa. מְאַחַדlocked up, hidden. Targ. Job. XXVI, 9. to devote, v. אֲחִיד. Af. אוֹחַדto seize. Targ. Ps. LXXIII, 23. Ithpa. אִתְאָחַד, אִתָּחַד,Ithpe. אִתְאֲחִידto be seized. Targ. Ez. XIX, 4; a. fr. to be locked up, joined. Targ. Is. XXIV, 10 את אחידו … (read אתאחידו). Ib. LIX, 10 Rashi (ed. אתא חד corr. acc.). Targ. Job XLI, 9 (8); a. e.—אִתְּחִיד. Ḥull. 52ᵇ א׳ דשא the door was locked. ↗ expanded
אַחֲדָא (v. foreg.) bolt. Targ. Prov. XVIII, 19 (read … היך א׳ ד). shutting up. אֵחֲדַת רחמי shutting up of the womb, barrenness. Ibid. XXX, 16. ↗ expanded
אֲחַדְבֹּוי (contr. of אח־דאבא; v. אחבא) pr. n. m. Aḥadboy, an Amora. Ḥull. 113ᵇ; a. e. ↗ expanded
אַחֲוָהbrotherhood, brotherly love, friendship. Snh. 58ᵇ בא׳ among brothers and sisters. Gen. R. s. 89 (play on aḥu, Gen. XLI, in days of plenty there is אהבה וא׳ love and friendship.—Lev. R. s. 2; a. fr.—Trnsf. בא׳jointly. Sabb. 20ᵃ (explain. אָח Jer. XXXVI, 23) עצים שנדלקין בא׳ Ar., Ms. Oxf. (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note, ed. באחוונא cler. error) wood kindled all together [perh. with reeds? v. next w.].—2) (law) status of consanguinity. B. Kam. 88ᵃ a slave שאין לו א׳ who has no legal status of consanguinity. ↗ expanded
אַחְוָונָא (v. אַחְוָא) meadow-grass, grass (as fodder). Y. Ber. VI, 10ᵃ, bot. willow-twigs used for kindling, kindling wood. Sabb. 20ᵃ (explain. אָח Jer. XXXVI, 23; v. אַחֲוָה 1, end) אַחְוָונָא (Var. אַחְוָנָא) willow-fire. Ib. one cried מאן בעי א׳ וכ׳ who wants Aḥvana?, and it was found he had willow twigs for sale. willow-bast. Ib. 20ᵇ explaining אִידָּן; Ms. M. (ed. אחוינא, אחווינא). ↗ expanded
אֲחוּזָהpossession, inheritance. Y. Kidd. I 60ᶜ top; a. e. Y. Ḥall. IV, 60ᵇ. [Ib. אחיזה עצמה וכ׳ strike out the entire sentence.]. Ḥull. 75ᵃ אחוזת עינים, v. אֲחִיזָה. ↗ expanded
אַחְוָנַיָּיא (Syr. חחוניתא, v. חוֹחָא, a. Löw Aram. Pfl. p. 149) plums. Y. Ber. VI, 10ᵇ bot. (Bab. ib. 39ᵃ דורמסקין). ↗ expanded
אַחְוָנַיְתָא (v. foreg.) a dish of plums. Y. Ber. VI, 10ᶜ top. ↗ expanded
אָחוֹר v. חור a. back, hind-part, buttock. Bekh. 8ᵃ; Gen. R. s. 20, beg.—Du. אֲחוֹרַיִים (Ar. אחורים). Pes. 17ᵇ, a. fr. א׳ ותוך the back (outside) and the inside of a vessel.—Y. Yoma V, 42ᶜ top אֲחוֹרָיו לקדש his back turned to the sanctuary.—Y. Pes. VI, 33ᵃ bot., a. fr. מֵאֲחוֹרֵי (prepos.) behind.—אֲחוֹרֵי, לַאֲחוֹרֵי same. Ber. 61ᵃ; a. fr. last. Ib. (ref. to Ps. CXXXIX, 5) א׳ למעשה וכ׳ the last of all things created; Lev. R. s. 14 א׳ לכל המעשים. farthest back, earliest. Ib. א׳ זה יום ראשוןaḥor (Ps. l. c.) means the first day. ↗ expanded
אֲחוֹרָא לאחורא backward. Targ. Gen. XLIX, 17; a. fr.—Pl. אֲחוֹרִין, const. אֲחוֹרֵי. Targ. Ps. LXXVIII, 66 (buttocks).—אֲחוֹרֵי behind, after. Y. R. Hash. II, 58ᵇ top מן אחוֹרוֹיי behind him; a. fr. V. חוֹרֵי. [Targ. Y. Lev. XIX, 26, v. חָרוֹרָא.] ↗ expanded
אֲחוֹרִי (= h. אֲחֶרֶת) another, something else. Y. Shebu. IV, 35ᵈ top איתא או׳ another woman (wife). Y. Ber. IX, 13ᵃ bot. שיטה או׳ another method, Lev. R. s. 14, beg. אמר או׳ said differently. Y. Meg. II, 74ᵃ top אחו׳ another (scroll). Gen. R. s. 76 אחו׳ another (word, in reply). [Targ. אוֹחֲרִי. Targ. Gen. XXVI, 21; a. fr.]—[Dan. II, 39; VII, 5; 6; אָחֳרִי.] V. חוֹרִי. ↗ expanded
אָחוֹת , v. אָח I) sister. Yeb. I, 1; a. fr.—Ḥull. 114ᵃ (of animals).—Pl. אַחֲיוֹת. Yeb. III, 1; a. e. ↗ expanded
אָחַזto press, seize, hold, keep; to befall. Snh. 27ᵇ אוֹחֲזִין מעשה וכ׳ holding in their hands the doing of their fathers, i.e. following their father’s example. Bekh. 33ᵇ אֲחָזוֹ דם he had an attack of congestion. Y. Pes. I, 28ᵇ אֲחוּזַת הדם the animal attacked with congestion. Y. Sabb. XIV, 14ᶜ bot. אֲחָזַתֹּו עין a pain in the eye seized him. Ib. XIX, end, 17ᵇ אחזתו חמה fever overtook him; a. fr.—אָחַז בְּ־ to have a hold of.—B. Mets. I, 1. Y. Yoma II, 39ᶜ top; a. fr.—Part. pass. אָחוּזholding fast, having a firm hold. Ex. R. s. 46 (v. אֲחַד). א׳ את העינים to capture the eyesight, to delude by optical deception. Snh. 65ᵇ; a. e. Nif. נֶאֱחַזto be seized. Y. Taan. II, 65ᵈ top; a. e. *Nif. הֶאֱחִיזto distribute split wood (kindling chips) in the gaps of a large pile, to ignite with kindling wood. Sabb. I, 11 (19ᵇ sq.) ומַאֲחִיזִין ed. (Mss., Ar. a. Y. ib. beg. 4ᶜ ומחזין, ed. Ven. ומחיזין); v. חָזָה. ↗ expanded
אחי (√חו, cmp. חבב) to unite. Part. pass. אָחוּיunited. Num. R. s. 13, beg. שיהיו אֲחוּיִים אצלו they shall be united with him (around his table). Pi. אִיחָהto join; to sew together (with fine stitches); cmp. חוּט; חוּד I. Gen. R. s. 39 beg. אברהם שאֹ׳ את וכ׳ Abraham who united all mankind into a brotherhood (by the belief in one God), כזה שהוא מְאָחֶה וכ׳ like one who sews &c., v. infra. Ex. R. s. 40, end.—Esp. to mend, by stitching, the rent of the garment torn in mourning. M. Kat. 22ᵇ; a. fr. Ib. 26ᵃ לאַחוֹתָן to stitch them together. Hithpa. a. Nithpa. הִתְאָחֶה, נִתְאָחֶהto be joined; to be stitched together. Num. R. s. 13, beg. (play on אחותי Cant. V, 1) נִתְאָחוּ לי וכ׳ they were joined to me (I joined them) in the captivity. Gen. R. s. 68 מִתְאָחוֹת, v. אֶבֶן. M. Kat. 26ᵃ אין מתאחין must not be stitched together. to be joined by grafting, to grow together. Y. Kil. I, 27ᵃ top הן נתא׳ וכ׳ they (the two seeds) combine. Y. Shebi. II, end, 34ᵃ bot. Y. Orl. I, 61ᵃ bot. ↗ expanded
אֲחִיד part. pass. of part. pass. of אֲחַד q. v. (= h. מְיוּחָד, v. יחד) singled out, devoted, betrothed. Targ. O. Lev. XIX, 20. Targ. Ps. CXIV, 2. Targ. Cant. VI, 9. ↗ expanded
אֲחִידָה 1 (אחד) taking possession, capture. Meg. 6ᵃ היו קורין אותו אֲחִידַת מגדל צור Ms. (ed. שיר, Ar. שד) they recorded the act (of taking the place afterwards called Cæsarea) as the capture of Migdal Tsor. ↗ expanded
אֲחִידָה 2enigma.— Pl. אֲחִידָן Dan. V, 12. ↗ expanded
אֲחִיָּה (b. h.) pr. n. m. Aḥiyah, several men of various periods., several men of various periods. Shek. V, 1 א׳ על הנסכים A. superintendent of the Temple libations (wines, oils). Ber. 63ᵇ A., a Babylonian scholar opposing Palestine authorities. רבי אחייה R. A., a Tannai. M. Kat. 20ᵃ; a. e. Ibid. 20ᵇ ר׳ חייא לחוד וכ׳ R. Ḥiya (although a Chald. abbreviation of Aḥiyah) and R. A. are two different persons. ↗ expanded
אַחְמְתָאAḥm’tha, Ecbatana, capital of Media. Ezra VI, 2, v. הַמְדָּן; v. Schr. K. A. T. p. 378. ↗ expanded
אח"ס , אח"ס בט"ע, a formula representing a permutation of letters wherein the first (א) interchanges with the eighth (ח) and with the fifteenth (ס); the second (ב) with the ninth (ט) and with the sixteenth (ע), &c. Sabb. 104ᵃ אח"ס בט"ע גי"ף = אׄני חׄסׄ עליהם מפני שבׄעׄטׄו בגׄיׄףׄ I shall spare them because they resisted sensual temptations; v. גִּיף ↗ expanded
אַחְסָנָא (חסן) property, inheritance. Targ. Lev. XIV, 34; a. e.—B. Bath. 133ᵇ עבורי א׳ who unlawfully pass an inheritance from one hand to another. ↗ expanded
אָחַרto be behind, v. Pi. (euphem.) to cover (of camels). B. Bath. 93ᵃ; Shebu. 34ᵃ; Snh. 37ᵇ (Ms. M. B. Bath. l. c. יהיר). Tosef. B. Kam. III, 6 אוֹחֵיר. Pi. אֵחַר, אֵיחַרto tarry, hesitate; to set behind. Pes. IX, 9 אם אֵחַרְתִּי if I should be late. Y. Yoma III, 40ᶜ top א׳ בו מעשה the text orders a later action after it. Y. Ned. X, 42ᵃ; 42ᵇ א׳ בעמידה he tarried in standing, i.e. was the last to sit down. Gen. R. s. 81, beg. א׳ אדם את נדרו if one procrastinates the fulfillment of his vow; a. fr. Pu. אוּחָר, הוּאֲחָרto be postponed, be done late, be placed later. Y. Yoma III, 40ᶜ top בכלל מְאוּחָר היה would belong to things to be done later. Ib. יוּאֲחַר וכ׳ let it be done later than &c.—אין מוקדם ומאוחר בתורה there is no ‘earlier’ or ‘later’ (no chronological order) in the events or laws of the Scripture. Pes. 6ᵇ; a. e.; Y. Sot. VIII, 22ᵈ מוּאֲחַר.—Shebi. X, 5, a. fr. מאוחר (a document) postdated, opp. מוקדם antedated. B. Mets. V, 10 רבית מְאוּחֶרֶת postpaid interests. ↗ expanded
אֲחַרto be behind. *to cover. Targ. Jer. V, 8 (of steeds, h. text מוזנים; some ed. ד for. ר). Pa. אחרוה take ye a later meal (on Sabbaths). Af. אוֹחַרsame. Targ. II Sam. XX, 5; a. fr.—[Targ. Prov. XXIII, 30 מַוְחֲרִין, מְוַוחֲרִין Part. Af. or Pa. of יחר = מוֹחר׳, מאחר׳.] *Ithpe. אִתְאֲחַר , contr. אִתְחַר to be delayed. Targ. Y. I Deut. I, 2; cmp. however ib. v. 6, v. אֲרַח. ↗ expanded
אַחַר v. foreg.), pl. constr. אַחֲרֵיafter, behind. Gen. R. s. 44 wherever the Bible uses the preposition aḥaréסמוך, it means in connection with, אחר מופלג while aḥar means without connection (later on). Yoma 6ᵃ אחר א׳ after ‘after’, i.e. some time after the act, opp. חד אחר one ‘after’, immediately, v. אֶוְתִּיוֹס.—לְאַחֲרָיו, לְאַחֲרֶיהָ, מֵאַחֲרָיו, מֵאַחֲרֶיהָ after it, as concluding, opp. לפניה, לפניו introductory (prayer).—Ber. I, 4 אחת לא׳ one benediction after the Sh’ma. Ib. III, 4 לאחריו (prayer) after meal; a. fr.—כִּלְאַחַר יד as if doing a thing with the back of the hand, i.e. in a manner different from the usual way of doing it. Sabb. 153ᵇ; a. fr.—מֵאַחַר (conj. followed by ש־ or ד־) after, since, whereas, because. Ḥull. 29ᵃ מא׳ ששנינו after it has once been stated in the Mishnah … why was it necessary (?) &c. Ib.ᵇ ומאחר דאפי׳ וכ׳ and since it is not even rabbinically unfit, why &c.; a. fr. a legal term, meaḥar, the presumption of the truth of one’s statement, because he might have pleaded more profitably, if he had been inclined to lie. Y. Shebu. VI, 36ᵈ bot. אין אומרים בממון מא׳ מאחר וכ׳ in money matters we do not apply the principle of meaḥer, so as to say that because he might have said ‘thou hast not lent me anything’, he may say, ‘thou didst lend me, but I paid half of it’ (and his plea must be accepted without an oath); v. מִיגּוֹ s. v. גּוֹ.—אַחֲרֶיךָ thy successor. Y. Kil. IX, 32ᶜ top יהודה בני א׳ וכ׳ my son Judah shall succeed thee, none else (is worthy). Keth. 95ᵇ my property I bequeath to thee ואַחֲרַיִיךְ לפ׳ and after thee it shall go over to …—אַחַר כָּךְ (abbrev. אח"כ) afterwards, subsequently. Pes. X, 2; a. v. fr. ↗ expanded
אַחֵר v. foreg. a. [back of,] another, the other, stranger. דבר א׳ (abbr. ד"א) another thing, another explanation. Snh. IV, 5; a. v. fr. in Midr. euphem. for idolatry, swine &c., v. דָּבָר. Aḥer, [apostate,] byname of Elisha ben Abuyah. Ḥag. 14ᵇ; a. e.—Pl. אֲחֵרִיםothers; 1) freq. in Mishn. for anonymous authorities differing in opinion, א׳ אומרים, v. Hor. 13ᵇ אסיקו לר׳ מאיר א׳ R. Meïr is quoted under the word aḥerim.—2) freq. for strangers, gentiles. Snh. 52ᵇ אשת א׳ the wife of a non-Israelite. B. Mets. 111ᵇ; a. fr.—Fem. אֲחֶרֶת. Yoma I, 1 אשה א׳ a second (additional) wife; a. fr.—Snh. 104ᵃ זאת ועוד א׳ this and something besides (shall happen). ↗ expanded
אַחֲרָאִי (foreg. wds.) prop. designated to step behind, substitute; hence, he who (or that which) is gone back to, obligated, pledged; surety, guarantor.— Pl. אַחֲרָאִים, אַחֲרָיִין. Dem. III, 5 אין אנו א׳ וכ׳ we are not responsible for deceivers. Pes. IX, 9 אינן אחראין זה לזה they are not responsible to one another (need not care for each other). Y. Keth. VIII, end, 32ᵇ, a. fr. כל נכסיו א׳ all his landed property is pledged for &c. ↗ expanded
אַחֲרוֹן , אַחֲרוֹנָה f. (אַחֲרוֹנִית f. noun) other, next, last. Meg. 21ᵇ; a. fr. א׳ the last of those called up to read from the Torah.—Pl. אַחֲרוֹנִים m., אַחֲרוֹנוֹת f.—מים א׳ the washing of hands after meals before grace, opp. מים ראשונים washihg before meals. Ber. 53ᵇ; a. fr.—דורות א׳ or only אחרונים the latter (present) generation, opp. ראשונים ancients. Yoma 9ᵇ; a. fr.—Ber. 13ᵃ צרות א׳ וכ׳ the latter (present) troubles bring the former into oblivion.—(ברכות) א׳ the three last sections in the Prayer of Benedictions. Ibid. 34ᵃ; a. fr.—Erub. 53ᵇ אַחְרוֹנִית second wife; v. אַהֲרוֹנִית.—בָּאַחֲרוֹנָה (adv.) last. B. Kam. 8ᵃ; a. e. ↗ expanded
אַחֲרָיוּת (v. אַחֲרָאִי) surety, esp. mortgaged property, or property which may be resorted to in case of non-payment (even if sold).—נכסים שיש להן א׳ property from which debts may eventually be collected (landed property), נ׳ שאין להם א׳ property which cannot be resorted to (movable property). Kidd. I, 5; a. fr.—B. Mets. III, 11 חייב באחריותן is responsible for them (if lost). Men. 109ᵃ; a. fr.—א׳ נכסים an obligation for which property is pledged. Keth. 34ᵇ; a. fr.—Ib. 51ᵇ, a. e. documents שאין בהן א׳ נ׳ in which the clause pledging property is omitted. Ib. 51ᵃ; a. e. א׳ טעות סופר הוא the omission of the clause pledging property is considered as the scribe’s mistake (hence has no legal consequences). B. Mets. 14ᵃ, a. e. ראובן שמכר … בא׳ if R. sold to S. a field with surety (guaranteeing the title). ↗ expanded
אַחֲרָיוּתָא (= h. אַחֲרִית) future. Targ. Y. II, Deut. XXXII, 29; a. e. ↗ expanded
אַחֲרָיָיאanother, the other, later, last. Y. Pes. I, end, 28ᵇ ר׳ יושוע א׳ the other (last named) R. Josh.—Y. Ber. II, 5ᵇ top פירקא א׳ last chapter.—Pl. אחְרָיִין. Y. Ter. VIII, 45ᵈ bot. א׳ ומיתון those (drinking) later, drank and died.—אַחְרַיָּיא. Y. Meg. III, 74ᵇ bot. תומנתי פסוקייא א׳ the last eight verses.—Fem. אַחֲרַיְתָא, אַחֲרַיְיתָא. Y. Taan. I, beg. 63ᶜ. Y. Shebu. III, 34ᵈ בא׳ in the last one.—Targ. Prov. V, 20 אחריתא stranger.—Ib. XXV, 8, a. fr. בא׳at last, in the end.— Pl. אַחֲרָיָיתָא. Ib. XXIV, 14 Ms. (ed. sing.). ↗ expanded
אַחֲרִינָאanother. Ḥull. 12ᵃ אינש א׳ another man. Bets. 28ᵃ מידי א׳ something different.—לישנא א׳ (abbr. ל"א) another version. Pes. 97ᵇ, a. fr.—Pl. אַחְרִינֵי. Yeb. 45ᵃ; a. fr. Cmp. אָחֳרָן. ↗ expanded
אַחֲרִית (b. h.) future, end. Y. Meg. III, 74ᵃ bot. ↗ expanded
אַחֲרִיתִּיanother, something besides. Erub. 23ᵃ מילתא א׳ another subject. Pes. 50ᵃ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אָחֳרָן Targ. Ex. XX, 3; a. fr.—Fem. אוֹחֲרַנְתָּא, אוֹחֲרָנִית, אָחֳרָנִיתָא. Targ. O. ib. XXI, 10 (another, additional wife). Ibid. Gen. XVII, 21.—Lam. R. to IV, 2.—B. Bath. 16ᵃ אחרניתא a stranger (not his own wife).—Pl. אוּחֲרנְיָן, אוּחֲרַנְיָין. Targ. O. Gen. XLI, 3; a. e. אָחֲרַנְיָיאתָא. Cant. R. to IV, 12.—[Targ. Y. Gen. XXXV, 8 אוֹחֲרַן בכיותא a repetition of weeping, v. אִלֹּון II.] ↗ expanded
אֲחָת Targ. Jer. XXII, 18; a. fr.—Pes. 4ᵃ; a. fr.—Pl. אַחֲוָותָא. Targ. Job. I, 4 (ed. אַחְיָ׳); a. e.—Yeb. 32ᵇ. Sabb. 13ᵃ. Yeb. 66ᵃ top (twin sisters). ↗ expanded
א"טAtbaḥ, a formula of combination or interchange of two letters the numerical sum of which is either ten (e.g. א"ט = 1 + 9; ב"ח = 2 + 8) or one hundred (e.g. י"צ = 10 + 90; כ"פ = 20 + 80 = 100), whereby ה and נ, remain isolated or substitute each other. Ex. R. s. 15 (allusion to הׄןׄ Num. XXIII, 9).—Succ. 52ᵇ באטב"ח (של ר׳ חייא) קורין כ׳ לסׄהׄדׄהׄ מׄנׄוׄןׄ in the Atbaḥ (of R. Ḥiya) sahadah finds a substitute in manon (v. Prov. XXIX, 21). ↗ expanded
אִטָּא (אטט, cmp. חטט = b. h. אֵת, pl. אִתִּים), pl. אִטִּיןplough-shares. Y. Sabb. VI, 8ᵇ bot. (expl. לאִתִּים (Is. II, 4) לאִ׳ (Ar. by cler. err. אבויין). ↗ expanded
אַטְבָּא (טבע, v. טַבַּעַת) ring, hook, clasp. Men. 32ᵃ א׳ דסיפרי clasp for fastening the leaves of books while reading.—Pl. (אַטְבְּעֵי) אַטְבֵּי. Sabb. 98ᵃ Ar. אטבי (ed. באטבעי אטבעי, some ed. בא׳ בטבעי, corr. acc., Ms. M. only בטבעי, margin אטבי; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.). Num. R. s. 6 (in Hebr. diction) א׳ של ברזל iron clasps (to fasten the boards on the wagon). ↗ expanded
אָטָד , v. אִטָּא) thorn. Gen. R. s. 100. Sot. 13ᵃ.—Y. Ned. VI, end 40ᵃ מדבר הא׳ the desert of Atad.— Pl. אֲטָדִין. Shebi. VII, 5; a. e. [V. Sm. Ant. s. v. Carduus.] ↗ expanded
אָטָד ² Targ. Gen. L, 10.—Targ. Ps. LVIII, 10. Ms. (ed. אֲטָדָא); a. e.—Pl. אַטְדִין. Targ. O. Gen. III, 18. (Y. אַטְטִין). Targ. Hos. X, 8 (some ed. אטטין). ↗ expanded
אָטוּ (abbrev. of אמטול, v. אַמְטוּ) on account of, because of, for the sake of(h. . קנסו שוגג א׳ מזיד they fined the inadvertent transgressor for the sake of the wilful one (in order to prevent wilful sin). Git. 53ᵇ; a. fr. (in questions expressing surprise, indignation) is it because? do you mean to say? Ib. 7ᵃ א׳ אנא לא ידענא do I not know it myself? Ib. 30ᵇ א׳ ברשיעי עסקינן is it with wicked men we have to deal? (i.e. shall we presume deliberate sin?); a. v. fr. ↗ expanded
אֵטוּנָא (cmp. b. h. אֵטוּן; prob. fr. טוהto spin; for oth. etym. v. Ges. H. Dict. s. v. אטן) rope, chord. Targ. Josh. II, 15. Targ. Job. XXX, 11 (ed. give all var. combined, v. שׁוֹשַׁלְתָּא).—R. Hash. 23ᵃ א׳ דכיתנא (some ed. אטוני pl.) flaxrope.—Pl. אֵטוּנִין, (אַטּ׳) אֵטוּנַיָּא. Targ. I Kings XX, 31; a. fr. [Tosef. Maasr. III, 8 אטונין ed., ed. Zuck. עטינין, Var. אטינין q. v.] ↗ expanded
אֲטוּנָס (cmp. θύννος; v. Sm. Ant. s. v.) tunny-fish. Ḥull. 66ᵇ; Ab. Zar. 39ᵃ Ms. M. (ed. אוט׳). Tosef. Ḥull. III (IV), 27 אַנְתִּינִיס ed. Zuck. (Var. אַנְתִּינוֹס). Ib. Kel. B. Mets. II, 17 ליטול בטינס; (read as) Ḥull. 25ᵃ להטיהו בטו׳ to polish a vessel with the skin of a tunny. *Cant. R. to I, 7 כמה מיני אנונס וכ׳ (read אטו׳; Ex. R. s. 2 מזונות) how many kinds of tunny fish hast thou prepared for the lying-in among them? V. אכספטיאס. ↗ expanded
אֱטִימוֹס (ἕτοιμος) present, ready. Targ. Y. Num. XI, 26; a. fr.—Gen. R. s. 48 it does not read עומד (standing) but נצב (placed on his post), i.e. אט׳ ready (to proceed). Cant. R. to II, 9 אי׳. Gen. R. s. 100. ↗ expanded
אֲטִימִיטוֹן (neut., or accus. of ἀτίμητος (something) invaluable, priceless. Y. Peah I, 15ᵈ bot. חד מרגלי טבא א׳ (read חדא) a pearl worth a priceless treasure. Gen. R. s. 35 end מרגלית אטימטון. *Ruth R. next to I, 18 מילא דאיסטופיטא read מרגליתא אטימיטא an invaluable pearl. ↗ expanded
אַטְלֵיז (טלל, with format. ז or ס; cmp. אוּשְׁפֵּיז; v. טָלַל II, טְלַל I, II) a number of booths put up for a mercantile fair, or for popular entertainments; whence (cmp. חָנוּת) shops, bazaar (v. esp. Gen. R. s. 79, quot. bel.). Ḥull. 91ᵇ א׳ של אמאוס the fair of Emmaus. Pesik. Asser p. 98ᵇ. Arakh. VI, 5 (24ᵃ) אם ממתינין אותה לאיטלס if they delay the sale for the market day; a. fr.—Pl. אַטְלֵסִין &c. Gen. R. s. 79 (ref. to ויחן ‘and he encamped’ = made a חנות Gen. XXXIII, 18) Jacob was the first מעמיד א׳ Ar. (ed. also הטלסין, v. הֶטְלֵיס) to put up stores and sell cheap; [Koh. R. to X, 8; Est. R. to I, 9, sing., some ed. אִיתְּלִיס, אַתְּלִיס (!)]. Cmp. עַטְלֵיז, אִסְטֵל [Tosef. Ḥull. I, 7 באטלס read באַטְלֵק by throwing; cmp. Ḥull. 12ᵇ זרק סכין וכ׳.] V. אִיטְלִיסִית. ↗ expanded
אִטְלָקוּתא (טלק) being thrown. Targ. Job. III, 4 באִטְלָקוּתֵיה (Var. אִיטַלָּ׳) on his being thrown. ↗ expanded
אָטַםto obstruct, close, fill up. Part. pass. אָטוּם, f. אֲטוּמָהfilled up, solid. Zeb. 61ᵇ א׳ באדמה filled up with earth, opp. חָלוּל. Ḥull. 47ᵇ א׳ בריאה v. אוֹטֶם. Y. B. Bath. II, 13ᶜ top כותל א׳ a solid wall. (cmp. טוּמְטוּם) stumped, shapeless. Nidd. 24ᵃ גוף א׳ the stump of a human body (of the embryo). Ib. אתּ שגולגלתו א׳ an embryo whose scull is a shapeless lump (no scull discernible). Y. ib. III, 50ᵈ top.—Trnsf. Snh. 44ᵇ אוֹטֵם עונות he locks up the sins (makes them invisible, cmp. טָמַן); v. אִיטְמוֹן. ↗ expanded
אַטְמָא (v. foreg.) something solid, whence the solid part, flank. Targ. II, Esth. I, 2.—B. Mets. 23ᵇ אי דדפנא אי דא׳ Ar. (ed. או דדפקא או דא׳, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 3) whether from the ribs or from the flank. Ḥull. 42ᵇ בוקא דא׳ the thickest part of the flank (the thigh, hip).—B. Bath. 73ᵇ חדא דלי א׳ one (goose) lifted up its thigh (leg).—Pl. אַטְמֵי. Ḥull. 8ᵃ א׳ דקיימי לקורבנא solid pieces (roast) intended for a present. Sabb. 49ᵃ.—אַטְמָתָא. Snh. 59ᵇ ed. (Ms. אַטְמָהָתָא). Lam. R. to I, 1 אַטְמָאָתָא (רבתי).—Ḥull. 97ᵇ הנהו אַטְמָהָתָא those solid pieces of the thigh. Erub. 57ᵇ א׳ דשורא ed. (Ms. אטמאתא) flanks (projecting parts) of a wall. V. אִיטְמָא. ↗ expanded
אִטֵּר Dict.), sub. יד ימינוone whose right hand is tied up or unfit for labor; left-handed. Sabb. 103ᵃ אי׳ יד. Men. 37ᵃ only א׳. Tosef. Bekh. V, 8 א׳ בין בידיו וכ׳; Bekh. 45ᵇ א׳ בין ביד וכ׳ one either left-handed or left-legged (v. Rashi a. l.). ↗ expanded
אַטְרִבֹּולִיסTripolis, on the coast of Phœnicia. Y. Sabb. III, 6ᶜ top; (Bab. ib. 45ᵇ Sidon). ↗ expanded
אֶטְרוֹגָא (v. אֶתְרוֹגָא) orange (tree, a. fruit). Targ. Cant. II, 3 (h. text תפוח, some ed. אֶתְ׳). Y. Ab. Zar. II, 41ᵃ bot. ↗ expanded
אִטְּרִי (נטר; cmp. הִטְּרִי a. טָרִית) prop. something preserved, hence dough preserved, vermicelli. Y. Ḥall. I, 57ᵈ bot. as I intend making אצוותי א׳ my dough into vermicelli. Y. Bets. I, 60ᵈ הדא אטריתא וכ׳ to make verm. (on Holy Days), if for drying them, it is forbidden &c. ↗ expanded
אֲטַרְכוֹנָאTrachonitis, a district east of Gaulanitis. Targ. Y. II, Deut. III, 14 (h. Argob). V. טרכונא. ↗ expanded
אַטְרַף (= טַרְפָּא, h. טֶרֶף) leaf. Git. 69ᵇ (collect.).—Pl. אַטְרְפִין, אַטְרְפֵי. Targ. Ps. I, 3. B. Mets. 114ᵇ (Var. טרפי, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.). ↗ expanded
אִי 2 (= אִין; h. אִם; cmp. אוֹ) if, whether. Targ. Cant. VII, 13; a. e.—Ber. 2ᵃ, a. fr. אי הכי (abbrev. א"ה) if this be so (introducing an argument against one’s opinion).—R. Hash. 3ᵃ כי משמש וכ׳ khi has four meanings, איif, &c.—אי נמי (abbrev. א"נ) a) if you choose, it may also be said; or. B. Mets. 98ᵃ; a. fr.—b) even if, v. נַמִּי. Ḥull. 12ᵃ א"נ דילמא וכ׳ (Rashi א"נ שמע איניש וכ׳) even if somebody else overheard it; a. fr.—אי אמרת בשלמא (abbr. אא"ב = בשלמא אי אמרת) I grant, if you were to say … היינו then would be right what &c.; v. בשלמא. Yoma 17ᵇ; a. fr.—אי … אי whether … or. Targ. Koh. XI, 6. B. Mets. 98ᵃ; a. fr. adv. of interrogation, v. אִין II. Targ. Job XI, 2 Ms. (ed. אין). ↗ expanded
אִי 3 (= h. אֵין) not. Git. IV, 5 אי אפשר it is impossible. Keth. XII, 3 אי אפשי I want not; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אִי 4 (abbr. of אִית, as לי = לית) there is. Y. Snh. VI, 23ᵇ bot. אי בי וכ׳ there is in me (the possibility of) doing, i.e. I can do it. Ib. מה אי וכ׳ what is it thou canst do? (v. Y. Ḥag. II, 78ᵃ top). ↗ expanded
אֵי 2 Interj. Eh! Oh! Woe! Targ. Y. II, Lev. XXVI, 29.—Taan. 7ᵃ אי חכמה וכ׳ Oh, for such a brilliant mind in such an ugly vessel (body)! R. Hash. 19ᵃ אי שמים Oh heavens!; a. fr. Y. Shek. V, end, 49ᵇ אי לי שאני וכ׳ woe unto me, that I thus see thee! Y. Yeb. XIII, 14ᵃ top; a. fr. [Babli, usually אוֹי.] ↗ expanded
אֵי 3 (אֵיי) h. (b. h. אֵי, אַיֵה) where? what? how?—אי מנן whence? Targ. Josh. II, 4; a. e.—Hebr. אי זה (often אֵיזֶה, אֵזֶה in one word) who? which? Y. Kil. VIII, beg. 31ᵇ לאי זה דבר נאמר with regard to what (in what way, sense) has it been said? Y. Shebi. I, beg. 33ᵃ ואי זה זה and which (ploughing time) is this?; a. v. fr.—Y. Peah III, 17ᶜ top ואיי דינו מירוג (= אידין) and what is the meaning of merog? Kerith. 6ᵇ לאיי מיצרך צריכי what need is there (of the others)? Cmp. אֵיזֶה; אֵימָתי; לאיי מיצרך צריכי what need is there (of the others)? Cmp. אֵיזֶה; אֵימָתי; כֵּיצַד. ↗ expanded
אִיבָּא 1 (cmp. אֵב) growth, fruit. Targ. Gen. IV, 3; a. e.; v. אִנְבָּא. ↗ expanded
אִיבָּא 2 = אַבָּאfather. Targ. Y. Num. XXX, 4; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֵיבָהenmity, hostility, grudge. Snh. III, 5 an enemy is he who has not spoken to his neighbor for three days בא׳ in his grudge; a. fr.—משום (מפני) א׳ for the sake of preventing ill-feeling. Y. Dem. IV, 24ᵃ; a. fr. aversion, disgust, loss of attraction. Y. Yoma VIII, 44ᵈ bot. הכלה מפני א׳ the bride (is permitted to wash her face on the Day of Atone.) that she may not lose her attraction. ↗ expanded
אִיבּוּ (אנב, √אב. cmp. אבל) [black], name of a bird (h. אֲנָפָה) vulture or kite. Targ. O. Lev. XI, 19; Deut. XIV, 18 (Targ. Y. אוכמתא). [Targ. Y. I Deut. XIV, 13, Targ. Y. II, Deut. XIV, 13; 14, gloss to v. 18; confounded with v. 13—h. text אַיָּה.]—אִיבּוּ pr. n. m., v. אִבּוּ. ↗ expanded
אִיבּוּד (אבד) ruin, destruction. Ab. Zar. 33ᵃ אזיל לא׳ is wasted. Ḥull. 11ᵇ משום א׳ נשמה to prevent loss of life (to save the convict). Bets. 22ᵃ אִבּוּד ממון pecuniary loss; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אִיבּוּס (אָבַס) stuffing, forcing food down the animal’s throat. Erub. 20ᵇ (first time) והא אי׳ כמאן וכ׳ in stuffing, is it not as if taking a vessel in hand &c.? [Second time והא א׳ כמאן וכ׳ omitted in Ms. M.] ↗ expanded
*אִיבִּירְיָתָא (prob. contr. of איבעיר׳; בער), א׳ דזהראlamp-lighters, hand-maids who attended to the lights. Y. Yoma III, beg. 40ᵇ; Y. R. Hash. II, beg. 57ᵈ R. … handled things forbidden to handle on the Sabbath על פום א׳ דז׳ (Y. R. Hash. l. c., insert פום) on the lamplighters’ declaring that night had set in (חשיכה מוצאי שבת). [The context proves that our w. designates a person or persons.] ↗ expanded
אִיבָּעִית (= אִי בָּעִית, v. בעי) if thou so desirest; or. וא׳ אימא—א׳ אימא (abbr. אב"א) if you choose, I may say … or if you prefer (another solution) I may say … Yoma 28ᵇ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֵיבָרָא (= foreg.) limb. Targ. Job. II, 4 (Ms. אֶיבְרָא). Yoma 25ᵇ.—Trnsf. arm, wing, pinion. Sabb. 90ᵇ א׳ דשמאלא left arm.—Pl. אֵיבָרִין, אֵיבָרַיָּא. Targ. Lev. I, 8, a. e. (pieces). Targ. Ezek. XVII, 3; Deut. XXXII, 11 (wings). membrum genitale. Targ. Y. Gen. XIV, 2; I ibid. XLIX, 24.—[B. Mets. 84ᵃ, v. אִיבְרָיָה.] ↗ expanded
אִיבְרָא (אבר to be strong) indeed, to be sure. Ḥull. 59ᵇ א׳ חזינא ליה indeed, I should like to see him. Git. 56ᵇ top א׳ מלכא את indeed, thou art a sovereign. ↗ expanded
איבריו Y. M. Kat. III, 82ᵇ bot. read אִיכָּרָיו; v. אִיכָּר. [V. however, אִיבְרָיָאתָא end.] ↗ expanded
אִיגָר (אגר II) [vaulted] roof. Arakh. 32ᵃ; Meg. 5ᵇ שור א׳ a city line formed by joining roofs, opp. חוֹמָה.— ↗ expanded
אִיגָרָא (also אִיגּ׳ with Dagesh) const. אִיגַר same. Targ. Prov. XXI, 9; a. fr.—Ruth. R. to I, 17 (Par. 3) איגר פלטין roof of the palace. Git. 85ᵇ (Rashi איגרת, corr. acc.), v. אִגֶּרֶת.—Pl. אִיגָרַיָּא, אִיגָרַיָּיא; אִיגָרֵי. Targ. II Kings XIX, 26; a. e.—Y. Pes. VII, 35ᵇ (Cant. R. to II, 14 אברייאה, corr. acc.); v. זֵיתָא I. Lam. R. introd. (R. Yoḥ. 1) ולא׳ סלקין and they ascend the roofs. Pes. 111ᵇ דבי א׳ those (demons) dwelling on roofs. ↗ expanded
אִיגַּרְתָּא f. אִיגְּרָא m. (= h. אִגֶּרֶת) letter &c. Targ. II Kings V, 5; a. fr.—Y. Ned. X, end, 42ᵇ, a. e. א׳ דאיקר letter of honor, recommendation. Sabb. 115ᵃ; a. fr.—B. Mets. 83ᵇ; Snh. 82ᵃ; 96ᵃ (prov.) קריינא דא׳ איהו ליהוי פרוונקא let him who composed the letter be himself its carrier.—Pl. (of אִיגְּרָא) אִיגְּרִין. Targ. Y. II, Num. XXII, 7 אִגְּ׳.—Targ. Is. XXXIX, 1.—אִיגָּרָן, אִיגָּרָאן, אִיגָּרָתָא, אִיגָּרָאתָא. Targ. I Kings XXI, 9; a. fr.—Y. Keth. II, 26ᵇ bot. Y. Ned. VI, 40ᵃ bot. Y. Snh. I, 19ᵃ top. ↗ expanded
אֵידturn, due day, whence evil fate, reverses. Gen. R. s. 13, v. אֵד. anniversary, idolatrous festival. Ab. Zar. 7ᵇ יום אֵידָם the very day of their festival.—Pl. אֵידִים. Ib. I, 2, a. fr. (של נכרים) אֵידֵיהֶן. Ib. 2ᵃ; Y. Erub. V, beg. 22ᵃ (controversy as to spelling with א׳ or with ע). [As to cacophemistic designation, cmp. אבידן &c.] ↗ expanded
אִידָא 1 (= ידא; v. אִ־) hand (only in Targ. Y.). Targ. Y. Deut. IX, 26; a. fr.—Pl. אִידַיָּא, אַיְדַיָּא, אִידֵי. Targ. Ps. XXIV, 4; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אִידָא 2 (= אִי דָא, v. אוּ a. דָּא)this, the same. Y. Erub. III, 21ᵇ bot. הדא אמרה אי א׳ אי א׳ this proves this is this, this is that, i.e. it is the same. [Ib. היא הדא היא הדא.] ↗ expanded
אִידִיIdi, Idith, an Amora. Y. Yoma VII, beg. 44ᵃ. Snh. 38ᵇ; a. e. ↗ expanded
אֵידֵיןwho now? what now? which now? (quisnam, quidnam). Targ. I Sam. VI, 20. Targ. Jer. II, 10; a. fr.—Tam. 32ᵃ א׳ מתקרי חכים who is to be called wise? Lam. R. to I, 1 (חד מאת׳ 4) אחמי לי אידא וכ׳ show me now which of these is from a white goat &c. Y. Pes. II, 28ᶜ top ואיידא אמר דא what (passage) now says this (is this derived from)? Y. Sot. V, 20ᶜ bot. ואיידי חובתא עבדית and what is the sin I have committed? Lam. R. to III, 7 באידנא אסטרטיא וכ׳ by which road did you come? (ellipt.) what do you want? Y. B. Kam. V, beg. 4ᵈ, v. הֵידָא. ↗ expanded
אִידֵּךְ a. fem. (= דֵּךְ, with אִי prosth.) this, that, freq. the other, another. Yeb. 62ᵃ; a. fr. תניא א׳ another (author or Boraitha) teaches. Ib. 22ᵇ בא׳ קרא in another verse. B. Mets. 98ᵇ וא׳ לא ידענא and as to the other (cow), I don’t know; a. fr.—Pl. אִידֵּי.—א׳ וא׳ these and those, i.e. both. Yeb. 8ᵃ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אִידָּנָא (= עִידָּן, עִירָּנָא; אוד, עוד) time.—הָאִידְּנָא this time, now, to-day. Targ. Y. Deut. I, 6 (usu. with ע).—Yeb. 62ᵃ לילא דהא׳ this night. Yoma 19ᵇ הא׳ יומא וכ׳ to-day is the Day of Atone. Ber. 4ᵃ כי הא׳ at this very time (hour). Kidd. 71ᵇ והא׳ דאיכא רמאי but now-a-days when there are deceivers; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אִידְּרוֹן (אדר; Assyr. idrânu, v. Fred. Del. Hebr. Lang. p. 24; cmp. חֵדֶר) an enclosure, chamber, esp. dark alcove, bed-room. Targ. Job XXXVII, 9. Meg. 26ᵇ איד׳ דהוה וכ׳ a room where the corpse was placed before burial. B. Bath. 7ᵃ השתא משוית לי איד׳ ed. (Ms. M. והשתא אינד׳) now thou makest my (formerly open) compartment a lightless alcove. Ḥull. 52ᵇ; a. e.—Men. 33ᵇ (fem.) א׳ מעלייתא a fine room. B. Kam. 85ᵇ, v. הַרְזֵק. Taan. 25ᵃ עיילא לאינ׳ she went up to the bed-room. ↗ expanded
אִיהוּ , אִיהִי f. (= הוּ, הִי, v. אִ־) he, himself; she, herself. Targ. Y. Lev. V, 3. Targ. Esth. I, 1; a. v. fr.—Gen. R. s. 49 יסב א׳ וכ׳ let himself take ashes; a. fr.—Pl. אִינְהוּ m., אִינְהִי f.; נִיהוּ, נִינְהוּ; אִינָךְ, אִינוּן m., אִינִין f. (contr. אִנּוּן, אִנִּין); very freq.—Y. Bicc. II, end, 65ᵇ דינון מרין = דאינון אמרין. Y. Meg. I, 71ᵃ top אילין אינין are there only these (differences between the Sabbath and Festivals)? ↗ expanded
*אִיהִי 2 , א׳ דַקִּירָא (האי) pr. n. pl. Ihi Dakkira, Is, a city on the W. banks of the Euphrates, and upon a little river of the same name; (v. Rapap. Er. Mill. p. 33, a. Sm. Class. Dict. s. v. Is). Kidd. 72ᵃ א׳ ד׳ (Ar. האי). B. Bath. 24ᵃ Ms. R. א׳ דקי׳ (ed. האי דקרא, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.). Ber. 59ᵇ (v. Rabb. D. a. l.). ↗ expanded
אַיּוֹAyo, a scholar. Bets. 37ᵇ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אִיֹּוב (b. h.) pr. n. m. Job, the personage after whom the Biblical book (ספר א׳) the Book of Job is named. B. Bath. 14ᵇ; 15ᵃ sq. Y. Sot. V, end, 20ᶜᵈ. Nidd. 52ᵃ; 52ᵇ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אִיזָּא, pl. אִיזַיָּא m. (אזז, cmp. גזיזא, חזיז, אזד) prickly twigs. Y. Maas. Sh. IV, 55ᵇ bot. (to one who dreamt that people ran before him—meaning power) דאת מייתי א׳ וכ׳ thou wilt carry prickly twigs and everybody will run away from thee. [V. Lam. R. quot. s. v. גְּבַב.] ↗ expanded
אִיזְגַּד (Targ. Y. עִזְגַּד, עַזְגַּד) m. (contr. of גזגזדא, ג softened into א or ע, cmp. אזד, אדרזדא; also מזדנדז = מזדעזע, s. v. זעזע; Massorah אִיסְגַּד־, אִסְגַּד־, Ispe. of גזז; Berl. Targ. O. II, pp. 63, 68; cmp. Mand. אשגאנדא, Nöld. Mand. Gr. lithog. table; v. גּוּז, גזז) runner. Targ. Y. Gen. XLIX, 21 ע׳ קליל a light runner; a. e. In gen. messenger. Pl. אִיזְגַּדִּין, אִיזְגַּדַיָּא, עִזְ׳, עַזְ, אִיסְ׳. Targ. Is. XVIII, 2; a. v. fr. ↗ expanded
אִיזְגְּדַר (for איזדגרד) Yesdigerd, Yezdjird, a Persian King. Zeb. 19ᵃ top. Keth. 61ᵃ bot. אזגוד (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
אֵיזֶה , אֵיזוּ f. (b. h. who? what? which? Ab. IV, 1 איזהו חכם who is wise?; a. v. fr.—באיזה צד in what manner, v. כֵּיצַד. [Chald. אֵידֵין, אֵידָא.] ↗ expanded
אֵיזִי (v. אֵיזֶה = b. h. אֵיפוֹא, אֵפֹה, אֵפוֹ) now, then, pray. Yoma 30ᵇ אודו לי א׳ (miss. in Mss., Ms. M. 2 זי) admit then at least. B. Mets. 70ᵃ אימא לי איזו tell me now; a. e. V. הֵידֵין. ↗ expanded
אִיזְלָא (אֲזַל II) web, net, &c. Ḥull. 51ᵇ אי׳ ומקרבי קיטרי a net in which the knots are close. Erub. 28ᵇ אוזלתא דאיכרי Ms. M. (ed. אוזילתא, Ar. איזולתא) the twist (of bunches) of the farmer.—Pl. אִיזְלֵי. M. Kat. 11ᵃ. Git. 60ᵇ אוּזְלֵי; v. אוֹהֲרָא.—Erub. 8ᵃ פסק ליה לסורא באו׳ (ed. Sonc. אי׳) he separated the court-yards of Sura with nets (hurdles, matting). ↗ expanded
אִיזְמֵיל (זמל √מל; cmp. b. h. סמל; cmp. אִיזְגָּרָא) cutting tool, knife, esp. surgeon’s knife. Targ. Job XVI, 9; a. e.—Ḥull. 31ᵃ א׳ שיש לו קרנים a knife which has hornlike projections as ornaments. Y. Sabb. XIX, beg. 16ᵈ אנשון מייתי או׳ they had forgotten to bring the knife (for circumcision). Ex. R. s. 26 man מכה באי׳ וכ׳ wounds with a knife (operating) and heals &c. Pl. Chald. אִזְמֵלַיָּיא; אִזְמַלְוָון (f.). Targ. Is. XLIV, 13. Targ. Josh. V, 2. ↗ expanded
אִיחוּי (אחי, Pi.) the act of stitching together seam, esp. with ref. to the rent of garments in mourning. Y. M. Kat. III, 83ᵇ top; a. e.—M. Kat. 26ᵇ א׳ אלכסנדרי Alexandrian (invisible) seam. ↗ expanded
אִיחוּר (אחר, Pi.) delay, detention. Y. Meg. III, 74ᵇ top. ↗ expanded
אִיטָא (ἦτα) the letter (η) of the Greek Alphabet, the numerical value of which is eight; used in the way of a phonetic play (ἤτω, or ἰτά as though an adj. verbale of ἰέναι) to indicate going or death. Gen. R. s. 14, beg. (proving that a seven months’ child can live, while an eight months’ child cannot) מדידכון אנא ממטי איט"א אוכ"טא, לכון זיט"א אפ"טא from your own (Greek) language I will prove it to you, ‘Live (ζήτω) seven, Go, eight’ (ζ = ἕπτα, η = ὄκτω). Y. Yeb. IV, 5ᵈ top; Tanḥ. B’midbar 18 (corr. acc.); Ibid. (ed. Buber) 21. ↗ expanded
*אִיטָה 2 (Syr. איטא, εἶτα) and so (indignantly). Y. Snh. I, 18ᵈ top א׳ עבדתני וכ׳ how thou hast been the cause of my putting rabbis to shame! ↗ expanded
אִיטַלְיָאItaly, esp. the southern part of the peninsula, called Magna Graecia. Meg. 6ᵇ ed. Ven. (omitt. in later ed.) א׳ של יון זה כרך גדול של רומי וכ׳ (Ms. M. שברומי v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) Greek Italy, that means the great city of Rome &c. Gen. R. s. 37 beg. Gen. R. s. 67 איטאליה.—Targ. Ezek. XXVII, 7; a. e.—Targ. I Chr. I, 7 אִיטַלְיוֹן. ↗ expanded
אִיטַלְקִי (v. אִיטַלְיָא) Italian. Kidd. I, 1 איסר הא׳ As Italicus, Italian as. Snh. VIII, 2 באיטלקי Y. ed. (Bab. הא׳, corr. acc.); Lev. R. s. 37 באיטלקית in Italian measure. Y. Sabb. XVIII, beg. 16ᶜ; a. e. ↗ expanded
אִיטְמוֹןItmon, surname of the angel Gabriel (coverer of sin). Snh. 44ᵇ; v. אָטַם. ↗ expanded
אִיטָּן (אטט; cmp. חטט, a. אָטָט) calamus, a reed used for writing (cmp. b. h. עֵט). Tosef. Kil. III, 14 Var. ed. Zuck. (text אוטם, prob. אִיטִּים). Y. Kil. V, end, 30ᵃ חִיטִּין. V. הִיטְּנֵי. ↗ expanded
אַיְידֵי (contr. of על ידי; v. אַ־) by the way of, through. Sabb. 109ᵇ א׳ פומיה through his mouth.—Naz. 2ᵃ א׳ בהמה through the instrumentality of the animal; a. fr. (conj.) because, since as. א׳ דתני … תני נמי as the compiler had to state this, he incidentally mentions also the other. Kidd. 65ᵃ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
*איינים Y. Dem. VII, 26ᵇ, R. S. to Dem. VII, 3 אטימויי׳, אטימוס, prob. אֲטוֹנוֹס m. (ἄτονος) languid, feeble. ↗ expanded
אִיָּיר (אור; cmp. b. h. זִיו) Iyar, the second month of the Hebrew calendar, of twenty nine days, varying betw. the tenth of April and the eighth of June. R. Hash. 3ᵃ; a. fr. [V. Schrader K. A. T. glossary.] ↗ expanded
אֵיךְas, how. Targ. Prov. XX, 20; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֵיכָא (= אֵי a. כָּא) where now? (ubinam). Targ. O. Gen. XXXVII, 16 (ed. Berl.); a. e., v. אֵיכַן a. הֵיכָא. ↗ expanded
אִיכָּא (contr. of אִית־כָּא) there is, there are (sunt qui). א׳ דאמרי (abbrev. א"ד.) some say. Ḥull. 3ᵇ; a. fr. א׳ בינייהו they differ in this &c. Ib. 4ᵃ; a. fr.—מאי א׳ למימר what is there to say? how can it be explained? what can you reply? Ib. 12ᵃ top; a. fr.— he who. Targ. Prov. XIX, 7. [Prob. to be read אִינָא.] ↗ expanded
אֵיכְדֵּיןhow then! how! Targ. O. Deut. I, 12; a. e.; V. אֵיכָא. ↗ expanded
אֵיכָה (b. h. = אֵי־כֹה) oh how! oh! Gen. R. s. 19; a. fr. Ekhah, name of the Book of Lamentations, also מגילת א׳.—א׳ רבתי Ekhah Rabbathi (Lam. R.), Midrash Rabboth on Lamentations. ↗ expanded
אִיכּוּ (= (= אי כה) if now; oh that. Bets. 4ᵇ top א׳ השתא אשתלאי if I (had given my decision forthwith) I should have made a mistake. Yeb. 46ᵃ.—Snh. 107ᵃ א׳ זממא וכ׳ oh that a muzzle had been put on my enemy’s (euphem. for my) mouth! i.e. oh that I never had said this! pr. n. f. Ikhu. Taan. 35ᵃ what is thy name? She said, Ikhu.—Said he א׳ נמטו כשוריך oh that thy joists were sufficiently long! ↗ expanded
אִיכּוּל (אכל) consumption, combustion. Y. Ber. IV, 7ᵇ top, a. e. א׳ איברים the consumption on the altar of the pieces of the daily offering; v. אֵבֶר. [V. עִיכּוּל.] ↗ expanded
אִיכּוּמָא (אכם) black color, something black. Y. Sabb. II, 4ᵈ ההן א׳ black naphta. ↗ expanded
אֵיכַן (אֵי־כַּאַן, v. אֵיכָא) where? also relat. where, &c. Targ. Gen. XXXVII, 16. Y. Ber. I, 3ᵇ bot. א׳ יצאת בת קול where did that divine voice come forth? Ib. III, 6ᵃ bot. מא׳ ללמוד one from whom to learn. Ib. IV, 7ᵃ מא׳ למדו וכ׳ whence did they derive the obligation of three prayers?—עד א׳ how far? how long? Y. Peah VIII, beg. 20ᵈ. Cant. R. to VI, 4; a. e. [In Babli הֵיכַן q. v.] ↗ expanded
איכפייה Esth. R. to I, 1ᵇ בני אי׳ (Var. אוכ׳), v. אוּכַּיְיפָא ↗ expanded
אִיכָּרhusbandman, farm-laborer. Arakh. VI, 3 (23ᵇ) אם היה אי׳ (Mish. אכ׳) if he is a husbandman; a. e.—Pl. אִיכָּרִים. Y. M. Kat. III, 82ᵇ bot. איבריו (read אִיכָּרָיו) his farm-hands. [V. איבריו.] ↗ expanded
אִיכָּרָא Targ. Is. XXI, 10; a. e.—Pl. אִיכָּרִין, אִיכָּרַיָּיא, אִיכָּרֵי. Targ. Jer. XXXI, 23; a. e.—Erub. 28ᵇ, v. אִיזְלָא.—*Denom. אִיכַּרְיָיתָא f. pl. Erub. 82ᵇ רפתא א׳ farmer’s loaves; v., however, אִיבְרָיָאתָא. ↗ expanded
*אֱיָלsuperiority, patronage, arbitration; v. Midr. Till. to Ps. LXXXVIII, 5. Midr. Till. to Ps. CIV, 29 (ref. to Is. LVII, 19 peace, peace &c.) אילולי (אֱיָילוֹ) אֱיָלוֹ של וכ׳ but for the peace-making arbitration of the Lord &c. ↗ expanded
אַיִלram (the strong). B. Kam. 65ᵇ if one stole טלה ונעשה א׳ a lamb and it grew to be a ram. Ib. א׳ בן יומו קרוי א׳ a ram one day old is called a ram (ayil is used in a general sense, irrespective of age). R. Hash. 16ᵃ; a. fr.—[*Pl. אֵלִים. Tosef. R. Hash. III (II), 3 (Var. יעלים).]— א׳ קמצא [perh. אַיָּל q. v.] a species of locusts. Eduy. VIII, 4; Pes. 16ᵃ; Ab. Zar. 37ᵃ אייל ed. (Ms. M. אייול), v. דְּכֵי. ↗ expanded
אַיָּל prob. fr. אול = עול, cmp. Var. lect. of אַיֶּלֶת II; cmp. אלל) [the climber], hart. Ḥull. 28ᵃ; a. e. ↗ expanded
אֵילָא ; trnsf. beak of a ship (a beam to which the head of a ram was attached), prow. Ned. 50ᵃ projection from a lateral wall, buttress, &c. Targ. Ezek. XL, 48; a. e. (Var. אֵלָא).— (cmp. אַיִּל 2) name of a worm or mite in grapes. Sabb. 90ᵃ איל (Rashi a. Ms. Oxf. איי׳). ↗ expanded
אַיָּלָא Targ. O. Deut. XIV, 5; a. fr.—Bekh. 7ᵇ.—Pl. אַיָּלִין, אַיָּלַיָּא, אַיָּי׳. Targ. Y. Deut. l. c. (ed. Vien. אִילְיָן!) Targ. Lam. I, 6. ↗ expanded
אִילָאIla ; a Tannai. Bekh. IV, 5 (29ᵃ), a medical expert כא׳ ביבנה like I. in Yabneh’. an Amora. Yoma 73ᵇ; a. fr. [Other forms אילעא, אילי, הילא; v. Frankel M’bo p. 75ᵇ.] ↗ expanded
אַיָּלָהhind, roe. B. Bath. 16ᵇ top א׳ רחמה צר the hind has a narrow womb (vagina). mostly אילת השחרthe first rays (climber) of the morning dawn; cmp. Yoma 29ᵃ. Y. Ber. I, 2ᶜ; a. fr.; (cmp. Gen. XIX, 15 השחר עלה). ↗ expanded
אִילּוּ (late b. h. = אִן III, 6) if (oh that!). Targ. Ez. l. c.; a. fr.—Gen. R. s. 12 א׳ היו … היתה נאה if the pillars had been higher, it would have looked better; a. fr.—וא׳ but if (considering), whereas. Ber. 20ᵃ; a. fr.—וא׳ ר׳ whereas R. Yudah &c.—א׳ … וא׳ while …, in this case on the contrary. Ib. 37ᵃ דא׳ במעשה … ואי׳ וכ׳ for while over pot-dishes we say the benediction &c., here, in our case we say—; a. fr. Y. Shebu. I, 33ᵇ top—ש אי׳ מי in the case of one who …—כְּאִילּוּ, כְּאִלּוּ, contr. כִּילּוּas if, as though. Y. Maas. Sh. V, 56ᵈ bot. כא׳ לפניו שינה as if the Lord were, so to say, asleep, when Israel is in trouble; a. v. fr.—Y. Kil. IV, end, 29ᵈ כילו. ↗ expanded
אֵילוֹגִין (elogium) record, bill of indictment, sentence stating the crime, verdict. Ex. R. s. 15 שאעביר אי׳ שלכם I may set aside (cancel) your verdict. Ex. R. s. 31 אל׳. [Corr. acc. Num. R. s. 16 אליגון; Gen. R. s. 28, beg. אגאליגין; Lam. R. to I, 14 אנלוגין, אולוגלוגין Ar.; Midr. Till. to Ps. I, 5 אגלין; Pesik. R. s. 44 אמלוגין, אמלגין.] ↗ expanded
אִילּוּלָא (b. h. לוּלֵי = אִילּוּ לֹא, ch. אִילּוּ לָא) were it not, but for (followed by h. שֶׁ־, ch. דְּ־, or by a noun without a verb; v. אִלְמָלֵא). Targ. Y. Deut. I, 1; a. e.—Mekh. B’shall., Amalek 1 א׳ שאמר משה but for Moses, who said &c; a. fr. (followed by a verb without ש־ or ד־ = אִילּוּלֻא h. אִילּוּ) if indeed, if. Targ. Koh. VI, 6. Targ. Esth. VII, 4; a. e.— oh that! Num. R. s. 2, beg. א׳ הוא מדגיל וכ׳ oh that He would allow His love to be a banner over me! [אלואי as in preceding lines?]— whether. Targ. Cant. VI, 11 א׳ פשן וכ׳ whether the sages among them increase &c. ↗ expanded
אִילּוּלֵיפוֹן (= preced. with פון = h. פֶּן) if not perchance, but for. Targ. Y. Gen. XXXI, 42; a. fr. (in some ed. in two words אילולי פון). ↗ expanded
אַיְלוֹנִית (prob. fr. אַיִל; cmp. זָכָר a. דְּכַי) (the man-like) barren, wombless, incapable of conception. Keth. 11ᵃ (etymol. from אַיִל) איי׳ דוכרניתaylonith means ram-like. Nidd. V, 9 (47ᵇ); a. fr. ↗ expanded
אִילְיָא (ילי, אלי, v. ילל; cmp. אֱלִי Joel I, 8) mourning, lamentation, dirge. Targ. II Sam. I, 17; II Chron. XXXV, 25; a. fr.—Y. Sot. VII, 21ᶜ top; Meg. I, 71ᵇ bot. סורסי לאילייא Syriac is adapted for dirges; Esth. R. to I, 22 פרסי לאלייה (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
*אִילִיאוֹס (ἥλιος) Sun. Ex. R. s. 15. [The words from סנדריאוס to אורח are a marginal gloss, prob. to be emended: (אלכ) סנדרוס איוס איליאו היה שמו והשמש וכ׳ Ἀλέξανδρος ὑιὸς Ἡλίου (Alexander the son of Helios) was his name, and the Sun is called a hero &c.] ↗ expanded
אִילְיוֹפֹּולִיס (Ἡλιόπολις) Heliopolis, in lower Egypt. Pesik. Vayhi p. 63ᵇ Ar. (ed. פוליס); Pesik. R. s. 17 אילו פוליס (corr. acc.) ↗ expanded
אִילֵימָא (= אִיif, and לֵימָא = לֵימַר) prop. if to say, hence a dialectic term in debate, you do not mean to say, or shall I say? B. Mets. 12ᵇ א׳ כשחייב מודה shall I say (it means) when the debtor concedes (his indebtedness)? Kidd. 74ᵃ אהייא א׳ וכ׳ what does it refer to? You cannot say it refers to … Sabb. 150ᵇ (some ed. אל׳). Yoma 52ᵇ; a. v. fr. ↗ expanded
אִילֵּין com. pl. (h. these, those. Targ. Jud. XX, 17; a. e.—Y. Ber. V, 9ᶜ top א׳ דמתרגמין those who translate; a. v. fr.—Y. Erub. III, 20ᵈ top אילין אינון insert מאי, what are those (names mentioned)? ↗ expanded
אֵילֵךְ a. hither, thither. Targ. Y. Num. XXII, 4.—(מכן) מכאן וא׳ from now and further on, i.e. after that. Targ. Esth. II, 14. Ber. I, 2; a. fr.—Men. 28ᵇ אחד א׳ ואחד א׳ one in this, another in that direction. Erub. 55ᵇ. [Diff. from. אִלֵּךְ.] V. הֵילֵךְ. ↗ expanded
אִילָּן (cmp. b. h. אֵלוֹןoak, v. אֵלָה) tree. Shebi. I, 1, a. e. שדה הא׳ a field containing at least three trees within a distance of a S’ah (v. סְאָה). Ib. 3 א׳ סרק bearing no edible fruit, opp. א׳ מאכל.—Pes. 112ᵃ (prov.) אם בקשת וכ׳ if you desire to be strangled, be hanged on a large tree, (if you must refer to an authority, select a good one).—Pl. אִילָּנוֹת, const. אִילָּנֵי. Shebi. I, 2. Gen. R. s. 16; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אִילַן Targ. Gen. I, 11; a. fr.—Ab. Zar. 50ᵇ, v. ברי ch.—Pl. אִילָנִין, אִילָנַיָּיא, אִילָנַיָּא, אִילָנֵי, אִלָ׳. Targ. Gen. II, 5; a. fr.—Lev. R. s. 12 מתקריין וכ׳ (insert פיריהון) א׳ fruits are named after the trees. B. Bath. 16ᵇ; a. fr.—Lev. R. s. 5 א׳ דסדום, v. אמבוניא.—[קלא א׳, תלא א׳, v. s. קְלָא a. תְּלָא respectively.] ↗ expanded
אִילפָא 1 (אלף, ילף; Assyr. êlippu) ship, raft. Targ. Jon. I, 3; a. e.—Lev. R. s. 12, beg. כהדא א׳ like the ship tossed about on high sea. Koh. R. to III, 2 (prov.) at the time thou tiest thy Lulab (for the Feast of Booths) קטר אלפך tie thy ship (cease navigation). Ab. Zar. 10ᵇ ווי לה לאי׳ וכ׳ woe to the ship which leades without having paid its toll (of a convert who died before circumcision).—Trnsf. the body of a chicken (chest-bone resembling a ship). Lam. R. to I, 1 נסבית הדין אי׳ וכ׳ (רבתי) I took for myself this ship (of the chicken), for in a ship I came &c.—Pl. אִילְפַיָּא. Targ. Ps. CIV, 26; a. e. ↗ expanded
אִילְפָא 2Ilfa, an Amora. Taan. 21ᵃ; a. fr. [In. Talm. Y. חילפיי]. R. Hash. 17ᵇ אילְפָי וא"ל א׳ Ilfay or, some say, Ilfa (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) ↗ expanded
אַיֶּלֶת 2 (not bibl. אֵילַת) Ayeleth, one day’s journey south of Jerusalem. Maas. Sh. V, 2; Bets. 5ᵃ עלת ed. (Ms. M. איילת); R. Hash. 31ᵇ אילת ed. (Ms. M. עַיֶּילֶת; Ms. L. עלת corr. into עיי׳; Ms. 2 עגלת; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note). [Bets. a. R. Hash. l. c. read מן הדרום for מן הצפון a. vice versa.] Cmp. אַיָּל. ↗ expanded
אַיַּלְתָּאhind, roe. Targ. Jer. XIV, 5; a. e. Cant. R. to II, 9; a. e.—א׳ דשחרא (v. אַיָּלָה) morning dawn. Y. Ber. I, 2ᶜ; a. e.—Pl. אַיָּילָתָא, אַיָּילָאתָא. Targ. Ps. XXIX, 9; a. e. ↗ expanded
אָיַם (√או, v. אֵיבָה) to feel aversion, fright. Denomin. אֵימָה. Pi. אִיֵּים (denom. of אֵימָה; with על) to impress with awe, forewarn (witnesses). R. Hash. 20ᵃ מְאַיְּימִין על העדים we may try to intimidate &c. Yoma 4ᵇ לְאַיֵּים עליו to impress him. Sot. I, 4; a. e. ↗ expanded
אִימָּא 2 (= h. אֵם) mother, frequ. my mother; v. אַבָּא. Targ. Gen. III, 20; a. fr.—Ber. 18ᵇ אֵימא לה לא׳ tell my mother; a. fr.—א׳ זקינה grandmother. Meg. 27ᵇ trnsf. the flesh of a stone fruit. Sabb. 143ᵃ חזיין אגב אִימָּן may be handled on account of the flesh (with which they were surrounded when Sabbath cause).—Pl. אִימָּהָתָא, אִמְהָתָא. Targ. Jer. XVI, 3; esp. the arch-mothers of the Israel. nation. Targ. Y. Ex. XVII, 9; a. e.—Kidd. 82ᵃ א׳ דינוקי the mothers of school children. [V. also אִימָּה II.] ↗ expanded
אִימָּא 3 [or title; cmp. אַבָּא]. Imma. Y. Git. I, 43ᶜ; Shebi. VI, 36ᶜ top א׳ שלום Imma (Mother) Shalom. ↗ expanded
אֵימָהfear, awe. Num. R. s. 9; Y. Sot. I, beg. 16ᵇ אלא מתוך דבר של אמה (read אימה) but from a solemn conversation (v., however, Maim. Sotah IV, 18 a. comment.). R. Hash. 17ᵃ; a. fr.—Pl. אֵימוֹת. Sabb. 77ᵇ חמש א׳ הן there are five sorts of fear. [Tanḥ. Tsav 2 (אימות) אימת שירוף, v. אִימּוּס.] ↗ expanded
*אִימּוּס (contr. of אִמְאוּס = מִיאוּס; מאס) disfiguration. א׳ שירוףone disfigured by burns. Cant. R. to VII, 9 ונעשה א׳ ש׳ and he (Nebucadn.) became &c. [Tanḥ. Tsav. 2 (ed. Buber 3) ונעשה אֵימַת שירוף עליו and the fright (repulsiveness) of a burned face was put upon him. Midr. Till. to Ps. XXII אמבירוס, read אֶמְפּוּרוֹס, ἔμπυρος, fire-scathed.] ↗ expanded
אֵימוּרִים (אמר, v. Ges. H. Dict. s. v.; cmp. Deut. XXVI, 17 sq.) devoted objects, sacrifices. Succ. 55ᵇ אֲמוּרֵי הרגלים וכ׳ (Mish. ib. אֵימ׳) are not the festive Emurim (v. infra) the Lord’s, i.e. to be offered on the altar? Answ. מה שאמור ברגליםEmuré &c. means, whatever is consecrated as offering for festivals.—Esp. Emurim, Emurin, those portions of sacrifices offered on the altar. Pes. 71ᵃ אֵימוּרֵי חגיגה וכ׳ the Emurim of the pilgrim’s feast offering. Zeb. II, 2; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֵימוּרִים ² (מור, ימר) exchange (cmp. חליפין as to pl.). בני א׳hostages in place of their parents. Lam. R. to III, 13 ed. (Ar. אימְרָיָיא q. v.). V. also אֲמוּרְיָא. ↗ expanded
אִימִירוֹן (ἥμερον, neut. or accus.) tame, soft, gentle (opp. אַגְרִיאוֹן q. v.). Gen. R. s. 77 end נמירון (corr. acc.). Num. R. s. 11; Pesik. Haḥod. p. 44ᵇ אי מכון; Pesik. R. s. 15 אימרון; Cant. R. to III, 7 אדיבון (corr. acc.). Midr. Sam. ch. XVII (for אגריון read אימירון, for נימירון read אגריון). ↗ expanded
אִימָמָא (v. אִי־) day time. Y. Ber. III, 6ᵈ top; a. e. Y. Ab. Zar. I, 39ᶜ top א׳ ארך the day growing longer. ↗ expanded
אִימַּר (אמר, √אם, v. אמם; cmp. עמרא, חומרא, צמר) [thick, heavy,] lamb. Targ. Gen. XXX, 32; a. fr.—Ned. I, 3 ‘this be as forbidden to me כאימרא (Y. ib. I, end, 37ᵃ כאימרה) as the lamb’—כאימר תמידא that means, ‘as the lamb of the daily offering’. Lam. R. introd. (R. Josh. 2) דהוה נכיס אמ׳ וכ׳ who slaughters a lamb and augurs from its liver. Erub. 53ᵇ (deriding the Galilean dialect) a Galilean cried אמר למאן וכ׳ who wants amar? (indistinctly pronouncing the vowels, as well as the guttural sound of א), when they said to him …, חמר למירכב או חמר למשתי עמר למילבש או אימר לאיתכסאה (for var. lect., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 10) do you mean ḥǎmâr (an ass) to ride on, or ḥămar (wine) to drink, or ãmar (wool) for putting on, or immar (lamb) for slaughtering?; a. fr.—Pl. אִימְּרִין, אִימְּרַיָּא, אִימְּרַיָּיה, אִמְּ׳. Ezra VII, 9; a. e.—Targ. Ex. XXIX, 38; XII, 5; a. e.—Y. Snh. I, 18ᵈ top אי׳ רכיכין the lambs (of the spring) are yet tender (in a letter announcing the intercalation of a month); Bab. Snh. 11ᵇ א׳ עדקין (not ער׳; v. Tosef. ib. II, 6); a. e.—Fem. אִימַּרְתָּאewe. Targ. Lev. V, 6; a. e.—Ḥull. 51ᵃ. Gen. R. s. 44 end, the sow (Rome) pastures with twenty (young ones), וא׳ ולא בחד and the ewe (Sarah) not even with one.—2) (cmp. חוּמְרָא) knot, bandage on wounds. Snh. 98ᵃ כולהו שרי ואסרי אי׳ וכ׳ Ar. (in ed. a. Ms. our w. omitted) all of them untie their bandages all at once and tie them up all at once, but he attends to one at a time. fringe, border. Targ. Ps. CXXXIII, 2. Targ. Y. Ex. XXVI, 4 (Var. אֶימְרָא). V. next w. * pr. n. pl. כפר א׳ K’far Imra (Lamb-ville). Y. Taan. IV, 69ᵃ bot.; (Lam. R. to II, 2 נמרא). ↗ expanded
אִימְּרָה h. f. (v. preced.) fringe, border, skirt; trnsf. the bordered garment, (toga prætexta), state garment. Taan. 11ᵇ; Ab. Zar. 34ᵃ חלוק לבן שאין בו אימרא a white plain frock without border (without official distinction; cmp. toga pura). Y. Kil. IX, 32ᵃ top; Tosef. ib. V, 19 א׳ (ה)מפורסמת a conspicuous border garment. Y. Kidd. IV, beg. 65ᵇ (play on אִמֵּר Ezra II, 59) פירסמו וכ׳ they made themselves as conspicuous as the border on the frock. Sabb. 105ᵃ; Tosef. ib. XII (XIII), 1.—Y. Yoma I, 38ᵈ top; Y. Meg. I, 72ᵃ bot. אִימְּרַת חלוקי the skirt of my frock; a. fr.—[Lam. R. to II, 17 explain. אִמְרָתוֹ ib., פורפירא, v. בזע.] Pl. (of אוּמְּרִית) אוּמְרִיֹּות. Neg. XI, 10. Y. M. Kat. I, 80ᵈ bot.; v. זָוַג. trnsf. object of distinction, decoration (play on אֲמִירָה II); cmp. חְטִיבָה. Mekh. B’shall., Shirah, s. 3 (ref. to האמר־ Deut. XXVI, 17) עשאני וכ׳ He made me (His) decoration (chosen people) &c.; Yalk. Ex. 244 אְמִירָה. ↗ expanded
אִימַּרְתָּאewe, v. אִימַּר. pr. n. f. Immarta. Snh. 52ᵇ Im. daughter of Tali (prob. pseudonyms). ↗ expanded
אֵימָתwhen? Ḥull. 17ᵃ.—Ber. I, 1, a. fr. מאימתי from what time (of the day)? Shebi. I, 1, a. fr. עד אימתי; ib. II, 1 עד אימת how long (until when)? ↗ expanded
אֵימַתwhenever, when. Targ. Y. Lev. XXIII, 42; a. e. Y. B. Kam. III, 3ᵈ top אי׳ דמתיבון וכ׳ when they quote the Mishnah in support of &c. Ab. Zar. 53ᵇ כל אי׳ דבעינא לה whenever I desire it. Nidd. 66ᵃ also (אִימַתִּי) אֵימָתַיwhen? Targ. Job. VII, 4.—לא׳ for what time? until what time? Targ. O. Ex. VIII, 5; a. e. ↗ expanded
אֵימְתָא ch. = h. אֵימָה. Targ. O. Ex. XV, 16; a. e.—B. Kam. 28ᵃ; a. e. ↗ expanded
אֵימְתָן (denom. of אימתא) fear-inspiring, powerful. Targ. Jud. III, 30.—Pl. אֵימְתָנִין, אֵימְתָנֵי, אֵימָ׳. Targ. Ḥab. I, 7. Targ. Gen. XIV, 5 (Y. II, אמתניא, h. text אֵימִים). timid. Y. Meg. III, 74ᵃ bot. ספרא הוה אימתן וכ׳ (ed. Krot. אימהן, corr. acc.) the school-master was a timid man and but for R. Abbahu that passed by, he would not have cleared the children out of the premises of the Synagogue. [Hebr. form, v. אֵמְתָן.] ↗ expanded
אָיַן , Pi. אִיֵּין (= עִיֵּין, v. next w.) to look upon, investigate. B. Bath. 115ᵃ (play on אִין) אַיֵּין עליו Ar. (ed. עַיֵּין) investigate his family relations. Kidd. 4ᵃ ↗ expanded
אַיִן 1 (√או; cmp. אָוֶן, עַיִן) [b. h. naught], something rounded, decorative. Koh. R. to III, 12 expl. as נוֹי, ref. to the shape of the human buttock, v. אֱפִיפְּיוֹן. ↗ expanded
אַיִן 2where? (only with pref. מ or ל). לְאַ׳whither? מֵאַ׳ whence? Y. Snh. X, 28ᵈ bot; Y. Ḥag. II, 77ᵃ bot. מא׳ ולא׳ whence and whither?—Aboth III, 1. Gen. R. s. 2 מא׳ הרגלים whence art thou coming? i.e. where hast thou been staying?—Y. Snh. X, 28ᵇ top היה לו מא׳ ללמוד he had (a precedent) to learn from.—Contr. of מן אין: מִנַיִן, v. מִן. ↗ expanded
אֵיןnothing, not. Ber. 5ᵃ אין עוף אלא וכ׳ uf (flight, Job V, 7) means nothing else but &c.; a. v. fr.—אֵינִי, אֵינְךָnot I &c. אֵינִי יודע I do not know; do I not know? B. Mets. 97ᵇ; a. fr. Ber. l. c. but the Holy One … אֵינוֹ כן is not so; a. fr.—אֵינוֹ דין is it not a legitimate conclusion?, whence so much the more. Y. Naz. VI, 55ᵃ; a. v. fr.—… אין לי אלא … מניין from this I could only prove …, whence, however, will you deduct …? Ḥull. 65ᵇ; a. fr. [Y. Git. IX, end, 50ᵈ אפי׳ כתב אינו read סימנו.] ↗ expanded
אִין 1 (Syr. = הֵין, הֶן) yes, indeed. Keth. 65ᵃ השתא א׳ וכ׳ now,—yes, but not before. B. Mets. 98ᵃ חדא א׳ בעידן וכ׳ as regards the one (cow)—well, she died &c.; a. fr.—אֵינִי = אִין הִיis it really so? indeed?, i.e. it cannot be. Ḥull. 96ᵇ א׳ והאמר it cannot be so; for did not R. … say &c.? M. Kat. 20ᵃ; a. v. fr. ↗ expanded
אִין 2if, whether. Targ. Ps. VII, 4; a. e. [Apocopated: אִי q. v.]—אין תימר (h. אם תאמר) if thou wilt say (argue). Y. Macc. II, 31ᵈ bot.; a. fr.—אין כיני (h. אם כן היא) if this is (be) the case. Y. Naz. VI, 54ᵈ bot.—Lam. R. introd. end אן את יתיב וכ׳ if thou remainest here, or &c. Koh. R. to X, 5 אן אתת ענתה וכ׳ if the (my dying) time comes first, what of it? and if &c. adv. of interrogation, introducing the alternative, or. Targ. Job VI, 6; a. e. ↗ expanded
אִינָא c. (cmp. אִינְחוּ), followed by ד־, he who. Targ. Prov. XI, 26; a. e. (also אִנָא ed.). ↗ expanded
אֵינָב (= b. h. עֵנָב q. v.) berry, an excrescence on the eye. Tosef. Bekh. IV, 2. [Mish. ib. VI, 2 עֵינָב. Talm. ed. 38ᵃ; 38ᵇ עצב (corr. acc.).] ↗ expanded
אִינְגַּדprolong! go further! Git. 58ᵃ א׳ פוסתא וכ׳ go one page and a half further, (and you will find it). [Rashi: a little = אִי־נְגַד, v. אי III.] ↗ expanded
אִינְדְּרָא = next w.—Pl. with suffix of third pers. sing. אִינְדְּרוֹי. Targ. Ps. CIV, 3 Ms. (ed. אכסדרוי). [The verse is variously corrupted and defective.] ↗ expanded
אינו Y. Git. IX, end, 50ᵈ אפי׳ כתב א׳, read סִימָנוֹ, v. Bab. Git. 87ᵇ ↗ expanded
אִינוֹמִילִין (οἰνόμελι) wine mixed with honey. Sabb. XX, 2 (139ᵇ) אי׳ Ar. (ed. אנ׳, var. in Mss. יינמילין, ינמי׳, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 20). Ab. Zar. 30ᵃ defined as a mixture of wine, honey and pepper. Ter. XI, 1 יינומלין Ar. (ed. יינומלים; Ms. M. אט׳, read אינו׳). Y. Sabb. XIV, 14ᶜ top יינומילין. ↗ expanded
אִינְיָינִיInyani, an Amora. Y. Yoma III, 40ᶜ; a. e. Y. [Maas. Sh. IV, 55ᵃ bot. אינייא, seems to be a different person, v. preced. w. a. Frankel M’bo p. 64ᵇ.] V. אינוניתא. ↗ expanded
אֶינְמִירִינוֹן (a contraction of ἔλαιον μύῤῥινον; cmp. אניגרון as to נ for ל) unguent scentedwith Arabian myrtle. Cant. R. to IV, 14. [Muss. οἶνος μυρίνης; but the context requires an unguent.] ↗ expanded
אִינְקָא (ינק) suckling (infant or animal); cmp. יַנְקָא. Targ. II Esth. I, 2 א׳ די דהבא a suckling (kid?) of gold (lying, on the third step, opposite נמרא [not נשרא] the panther; ref. to Is. XI, 6). Pl. (אֶנְקִין) אֱנָקִין. Ib. (end) א׳ בכיין the sucklings were crying. ↗ expanded
אִינְקוֹרָא (נקר) a bird with traces of bites or wounds on its legs; [black bird with white spots on its head, quot. in Rashi; to be read אינקודי?].—Pl. אִינְקוֹרֵי, אִנְ׳. Ḥull. 57ᵃ ↗ expanded
אֱינָשׁ (אנש, sec. r. of אוּשׁ; h. being, esp. human being Dan. II, 10, a. fr. אנש.—Ib. VII, 13 בר א׳ son of man (in Talm. freq. בר נש). Targ. O. Lev. XIII, 2; a. fr.—Y. Snh. VIII, 25ᵃ bot., a. fr. כאי׳ דמר as if one says. Y. Ber. VIII, 12ᵃ bot. אֲנָשָׁא רבא a great man. Shebu. 22ᵇ; a. fr.—Pl. אֵינָשִׁין, const. אֵינָשֵׁי. Targ. O. Gen. VI, 4; a. e.—אִינְשִׁין, אִינְשֵׁי. Targ. Y. ibid.; a. e.—In Talm. mostly אִינְשֵׁיpeople. B. Kam. 92ᵇ אמרי א׳ (text רבנן, corr. acc.). Snh. 95ᵇ היינו דאמרי א׳ (abbr. ה"דא"א) this is what people say, it is a common saying (proverb). Ibid. 103ᵃ; a. v. fr.—Git. 45ᵃ אִינְשִׁין (our people?). ↗ expanded
אִיס־ a prefix for the formation of (verbal) nouns (Ispeel nouns), affecting the first radical in the same way as the prefix of the Hithpa. or Ithpe.; e.g. from סגי, אִסְטַגְיוֹת (pl.) rims; from סוַר = שורto walk, stride, אִיסְתְּוָורָאankle, &c. Before dentals איס and אס interchange with אִיצְ־ and אִצְ־. [Words not found under איס־ must be looked for under אִס־ and vice versa.] ↗ expanded
אִיס (υἱός) son. Ex. R. s. 15, v. אִילִיאוֹס. ↗ expanded
אִיסָאIsa, an Amora, disciple of R. Yoḥanan. Y. Ter. I, 40ᶜ top. V. אִיסִי. ↗ expanded
אִיסוֹדָא, pl. אֵיסוֹדֵי m. = יְסוֹדָא. Targ. O. Num. V, 17 ed. Berl. ↗ expanded
אִיסוֹפֹּולִיטְיָיא (ἰσοπολιτεία) civic rights granted to strangers, isopolity (v. Sm. Ant. s. v. Civitas). Pesik. R. s. 15 עבדות וגרות בארץ לא להם וענו אותם ארבע מאות שנה אפילו [על] א׳ שלהם Ar. s. v. פלטיא II (ed. איספטלים, איספטליס, corr. acc.) ‘slavery and stranger’s condition’ (indicated Gen. XV, 13) were in a land not theirs (in Egypt), but, ‘and they shall afflict them four hundred years’ refers even to their isopolity (in Canaan, from the birth of Isaac); Cant. R. to II, 17 באיספטלייה … (corr. as above.). Gen. R. s. 44; Yalk. Gen. 77 לאספטיא … (corr. as above.). Pesik. Haḥod. p. 47ᵇ note 96. ↗ expanded
אֵיסוּר (אסר) imprisonment. Ber. 28ᵇ אין אֵיסוּרוֹ א׳ עולם the imprisonment which he decrees is not everlasting (as he may die and his successor may relieve me). * (= אָסִיר), pl. אֵיסוּרִיןprisoners. Ex. R. s. 30 he burst the prison open והוציא האיסו׳ (ib. also האֵיסָרִין) and set the prisoners free [prob. to be read אסירין]. ↗ expanded
אִיסּוּר 1Issur; a proselyte. Ab. Zar. 70ᵃ. B. Bath. 149ᵃ an expert on coins. B. Kam. 99ᵇ bot. ↗ expanded
אִיסּוּר 2 (אסר; cmp. b. h. אֵסוּר, a. אֵיסוּר) band, chain; trnsf. social circle. Succ. 45ᵇ (ref. to Ps. CXVIII, 27) כל העושה א׳ לחג וכ׳ he who creates a circle for the festival with eating and drinking, i.e. social pleasures. [Oth. explan.: he who makes an addition to the number of festive days;—hence the popular name of אסרו חג for the day following the festivals.] prohibition, interdict; also the forbidden object. Y. Ber. I, 3ᵇ bot. דברי תורה יש בהן א׳ וכ׳ the Biblical law contains prohibitions and permissions.—א׳ ערוה an obstacle to marriage by the existing laws of incest, e.g. a man prevented from performing a levirate marriage because his late brother’s wife is his own wife’s sister; &c.—א׳ מצוה a marriage (or sexual connection) permitted in the Torah but forbidden by Rabbinical enactment;—so called because obedience to the Rabbis is a meritorious act (מצוה); א׳ קדושהmarriage restrictions incumbent on priests on account of their sacred office; (another opinion inverts the last two definitions). Yeb. II, 3 (20ᵃ).—אין א׳ חל על א׳ one prohibition can take no legal hold where another prohibition already exists; i.e. you can punish, or impose sacrificial expiation, only for the first one; e.g. if you eat the meat of an unclean animal which, besides, has not been slaughtered according to ritual (נבלה). Ib. 13ᵇ; a. fr.—Exceptions to this principle (adopted by most authorities) are when the acceding act is: 1) א׳ כֹּולֵלa more comprehensive prohibition, i.e. having a wider range of prohibited objects; e.g. the law imposing abstinence from food on the Day of Atonement includes food in general, i.e. food otherwise allowed as well as food forbidden at all times; א׳ מוֹסִיףa more extensive prohibition, i.e. having a wider range of persons concerned; e.g. the sister of A’s wife is forbidden to him (אחות אשתו) but not to his brothers. If, afterwards, his brother B. marries that sister of A.’s wife, she is forbidden in marriage (after B.’s death) to all the brothers as a brother’s wife, and to A. both as his own living wife’s sister and as his late brother’s wife (אשת אח); א׳ בַּת אַחַת a coincidental prohibition, i.e. two prohibitions taking effect at the same moment, e.g. the Day of Atonement coinciding with the Sabbath day, in which case the restrictions connected with each take effect at the same time (night-fall); א׳ חָמוּר a heavier prohibition, i.e. a prohibition imposing larger restrictions, e.g. the law prohibiting any profitable use of thing (א׳ הנאה), compared to the lighter prohibition, א׳ קַל, not to eat or drink a thing (v. infra). Yeb. 32ᵇ sq; Shebu. 24ᵃ; 24ᵇ; Ḥull. 101ᵃ sq; Kerith. 14ᵇ.—א׳ תורה a Biblical prohibitory law; א׳ דרבנן a Rabbinical prohibitory enactment.—א׳ לאו a prohibition expressed in the Law by a plain (לֹא) ‘thou shalt not’, without defining the penalty, in which case the latter consists of thirty nine lashes (v. מַלְקוּת).—א׳ כרת a prohibition to which the Bible attaches the penalty of excision (by the hand of God).—א׳ מיתה a prohibition the transgression of which the Bible punishes with death (execution).—א׳ אכילה the law not to eat (meat boiled with milk); Kerith. 14ᵇ.—א׳ תורה a Biblical prohibitory law; א׳ דרבנן a Rabbinical prohibitory enactment.—א׳ לאו a prohibition expressed in the Law by a plain (לֹא) ‘thou shalt not’, without defining the penalty, in which case the latter consists of thirty nine lashes (v. מַלְקוּת).—א׳ כרת a prohibition to which the Bible attaches the penalty of excision (by the hand of God).—א׳ מיתה a prohibition the transgression of which the Bible punishes with death (execution).—א׳ אכילה the law not to eat (meat boiled with milk); א׳ הנאהnot to make any use (of it, as selling &c.); א׳ בישולnot to boil (meat with milk). Ḥull. 115ᵇ; a. fr.—א׳ במות, v. בָּמָה.—Pl. אִיסּוּרִין. Ḥull. 98ᵃ sq. כל א׳ שבתורה (בטלין) בששים all things Biblically forbidden are neutralized if mixed with a quantity sixty times as large; ib. במאה—in a quantity one hundred times as large; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אִיסּוּרָא as the preced. , band. Targ. Ezek. III, 25.—Pl. אִיסוּרִין. Targ. ib. XVI, 4 (bandages).—2) as the preced. 2). Ḥull. 9ᵇ; a. fr.—B. Bath. 92ᵇ כי אזלינן בתר רובא בא׳ בממונא לא we follow the majority principle (that a doubtful thing is presumed to have the legal status of the majority of its class) only in ritual questions, but not in civil law.—עבד א׳ to commit a crime, euphem. for prostitution, &c. Ab. Zar. 18ᵃ. Git. 38ᵃ.—Pl. אִיסּוּרֵי, אִסּוּרֵי. Sabb. 60ᵇ בבלאי שרי א׳ a Babylonian permitter of forbidden things (R. Ḥiya).—Nidd. 24ᵇ, a. fr. הלכתא כרב בא׳ Rab is the adopted authority in ritual law. [Kidd. 12ᵃ זול איסורי &c. read אִיסָרֵי; v. אִיסָר.] ↗ expanded
אִיסוּרָא 2 (יסר) chastisement. Pl. אִיסוּרִין. Targ. Koh. III, 10. Targ. Jer. XXX, 11 (Var. יסורין). ↗ expanded
אִיסְט־ , v. אִיסְ־. For words under איסט־ not found here below, v. אסט־, איצט־, אצט־. ↗ expanded
אִיסְטְבָא [also ָה, a. with one ו] m. (Ispe. noun of סב, סבב = h. אִיסְטֵיב q. v., b. h. מֵסֵב; v. אִיסְ־) a surrounding, attachment, whence balcony, colonnade, portico(also an independent colonnade), esp. הָאִ׳ the Itst’ba (Ist’ba) the Temple portico. Pes. I, 5 (11ᵇ) על גג האיצ׳ Ms. M. (Bab. ed. incorr. גב, Var. אִסְטְוָה, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note). Ib. 13ᵇ one recited על גב on top (inside) …, say על גג הא׳ on the roof of the Its. (so as to expose it to public view). Y. Sabb. I, 2ᵈ bot. איסטוה וכ׳; Bab. Sabb. 7ᵃ איצ׳ שלפני העמודים a balcony in front of the columns (projecting into the street, used as a stand for dealers, v. אִיסְטֵיב). Ib. דוקא א׳ דלא ניחא תשמישיה Ms. M. (ed. א׳ הוא דלא) only the colonnade the use of which for passers by is not convenient. Num. R. s. 12 two columns of silver which were placed in front of the Ark כמין איסטווה (Cant. R. to I, 11 אִיסְטְוִוין pl.) forming a kind of balcony; Y. Sot. VIII, 22ᶜ תנם לא׳ allow the surplus of three handbreadths (over the space occupied by the Tablets) for the balcony.—Yoma 49ᵃ דעבוד מעשה אסטווה Ar. (ed. איצ׳) they (the laymen) served only the purpose of a portico (holding the bowls up to view, v. Pes. I, 5, but not handing them to the altar).—Y. Succ. V, 55ᵃ bot., v. דִּיפְּלֵי. (cmp. הֶסֵּב, הֲסִיבָּה) something to recline on; couch, seat. Kidd. 70ᵃ, (to one using the high-toned קרפיטא q. v.) א׳ דאמרי אינשי call it itst’ba as the people do.—M. Kat. 10ᵇ למבני א׳ Ar. a. ed. (Var. as Yoma l. c.) to build a temporary banqueting place for guests during the festive week, cmp. אַכְוַרְנְקָא, (Rashi: stone building, Ms. Rashi כסא).—Pl. אִיצְטְבָאוֹת (h. form). Ex. R. s. 31 (basilicas).—אִיצְטְבֵי (Chald. form). Pes. 65ᵇ דמסגי אא׳ they (the priests) walked alongside the walls on balconies (projecting boards made for them that they should not tread on the blood); Y. ib. V, 32ᶜ bot. מִסְטְוָיוֹת, V. מִסְטְוָה. ↗ expanded
אִיסְטְוָוא 2 (m.?) (Isp. noun of סוי; cmp. b. h. סוּת, מַסְוֶה) cover, blanket, (coarse) cloak. Y. Maas. Sh. IV, 55ᵇ מרקען—א׳ דההוא גברא אית ביה (ed. Krot. … בָּהּ … מקרען rents) this man’s (thy) blanket has twelve patches (Lam. R. to I, 1 חד כותאי, 1 has מרדעא). ↗ expanded
אִיסְטְוָונָא (v. אִיסְטְבָא) a balcony(h. . Targ. II Kings XI, 14; II Chron. XXXIV, 31, a. e. נֵיה … the balcony (of his palace). ↗ expanded
אִיסְטְוָונִית (v. אִיסְטְבָא) a system of colonnades, colonnade with double rows, basilica (v. Sm. Ant. s. v. Basilica). Pes. 13ᵇ א׳ היתה נקראת (the itst’ba of the Temple being of double rows) was called ist’vanith, v. אִסְטֵיו, סְטֵיו. Ohol. XVIII, 9 (ed. נִיֹּות … pl.). Tosef. Sabb. I, 4; a. fr.—Pl. אִיסְטְוָונִיֹּות. Ohol. l. c., v. supra.—Tanḥ. Mishp. 14 (ed. Bub. 6 איסטוטין corr. acc.). Tosef. Oh. XVIII, 12 אִיסְטְוָנוֹת (prob. incorr.). ↗ expanded
אִיסְטַטְיוֹן (στατίων, statio, v. Harper’s Lat. Dict. 1882 s. v. Statio II, B, 4) seat of the fiscal officers in the Roman provinces, also the staff of officers. Gen. R. s. 66 (play on Shulamith Cant. VII, the people of Israel שמשלמת אִיסְטַטְיוֹנוֹ של עולם וכ׳ that preserves the (divine) government of the world complete (filling the vacancies) both in this world &c. Cant. R. to l. c. איסטטיונרון, read אִיסְטַטְיוֹנָרִין (stationarii) the number of officers (of the divine government). Cmp. צַדִּיק. V. סְטַטְיוֹנָר↗ expanded
אִיסטֵיב (Isp. n. of סב in סבב; cmp. b. h. מֵסֵב, מוּסַב) an extension around the house (gen. with a stone bench) used as workshop or dealer’s shop, portico, colonnade (cmp. מִסְטוֹבָא). Y. B. Bath. II, beg. 13ᵇ top, R.—drove a pastry dealer מא׳ לא׳ from portico to portico (it being private ground). Ib. III, end, 14ᵇ a window שהיא פתוחה לא׳ וכ׳ opening towards a porch is made only for letting light in. V. אִיסְטְבָא. ↗ expanded
אִיסָטִיס (ἰσάτις, isatis tinctoria) a plant producing a deep blue dye, woad. Shebi. VII, 1. Y. ib. 37ᵇ אסטים (corr. acc.). B. Kam. 101ᵇ אס׳ Ar. (ed. סטיס, סטים; corr. acc.). Meg. IV, 7; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אִיסְטְמָא (h. ; Ispe. of √צם) something restraining (the hair from flying), band, chaplet (of woolen and other stuff). Sabb. 57ᵇ (Ms. M. אצ׳); v. בִּזְיוּנֵא. Tosef. ib. IV, 7, Kil. V, 26. steel, v. אִסְטְמָא. ↗ expanded
אִיסְטַפְלִינִין (σταφυλῖνος, οι, Syr. אסטפלינין P. Sm. 301, prob. of Semit. orig., rad. טפל) a kind of carrot, parsnip. Y. Maasr. II, end, 50ᵃ bot. Y. Ḥall. IV, 60ᵃ top אִיסְתַּ׳. Ib. איסטנינותיא read איסטפנינִיתֵיה his parsnip. Y. Kil. I, 27ᵃ bot. אסטפלינון R. Sims. to Kil. I, 4 (ed. corrupt). Tosef. Ukts. I, 1 אסטפונין. ↗ expanded
אִיסְטְרוֹבִיל (στρόβιλος) cone, also kernel of the stone pine, (nux pinea).—Pl. אִיסְטְרוֹבְלִין, אִיסְטְרוֹבִילִין &c. Ab. Zar. I, 5 (13ᵇ sq.); defined ibid. fruit of the cedar (stone pine); a. fr. Pesik. R. s. 10 אסטרובלית (read לִים— or לוֹת—). (v. Sm. Ant. s. v. Mola) the cone or lower millstone (which is immovable, hence included in the sale of the house). B. Bath. IV, 3. Zabim IV, 2.—Pl. אִסְטְרוֹבְלִין, אִיסְטְרוֹבִילֵי &c. Gen. R. s. 28; a. e. Keth. 69ᵃ Ar. (ed. more correctly בל …, sing.). ↗ expanded
אִיסְטְרִידָא (Ispe. of סרד, cmp. סְרִיד, סְרָדָא &c.) net-work, esp. rigging, sail-yard, sails. [If the vers. אִיסְטְדִירָא, אִסְתְּדִירָא, v. Rabb. D. S. to Sabb. 111ᵇ note 2, be correct, it must be derived from סדר; cmp. b. h. סִדְרוֹן, סְדֵרָה.] Sabb. 111ᵇ קטרא דקטרי באי׳ the loop which they make when attaching the sail to the rigging. Ib. ודאי׳ גופה and the (permanent) knots in the rigging or ropes. ↗ expanded
אִיסִיIsi, abbr. of Joseph (v. Yoma 52ᵇ הוא יוסף הוא א׳), esp. known: I. b. Y’hudah, an Amora; (v. Frankel M’bo, p. 100ᵇ). Ḥull. 115ᵇ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אִיסְכֹּולַסְטִיקָא (σχολαστικός, scholasticus; S.; D. C.) scholasticus = causidicus, advocate, pleader. Y. Ber. IV, 7ᵈ; cmp. Gen. R. s. 64, end, אסקולסטיכא דאורייתא Ar. (trnsp. כ a. ק; ed. ארכילוסטקיא; corr. acc.) pleader in behalf of the Jewish law.—Pl. אִיסְכֹּולַסְטִיקֵי. Cant. R. to VII, 9 איסכלוסקי, corr. acc.—אִיסְכֹּולַסְטְקִין Ex. R. s. 43 כקתדרה של אסט׳ (corr. acc., כו mistaken for ט) like the pulpit of the scholastici. [Also written סְכוֹ׳.] ↗ expanded
אִיסְכּוּפְיָה א׳ דשילה Iskufia, near Shiloh. Y. Meg. I, 72ᵈ top, expl. תאנת שלה Josh. XVI, 6 (σκοπιά; cmp. Zeb. 118ᵇ, as quot. in Yalk. Deut. 881). ↗ expanded
אִיסְפִּקְלָטוֹר (speculator, spiculator) arm-bearer, esp. guardsman of the Roman Emperor; mostly executioner, torturer (v. D. C. s. v.). Sabb. 108ᵃ. Num. R. s. 19. Lev. R. s. 26 ספ׳. Lam. R. to II, 1. v. סְפִיקוּלָא. ↗ expanded
אִיסְפַּקְלָטוֹרָא …, רֵי … Targ. II Esth. V, 2. Targ. Y. Gen. XXXVII, 36. ↗ expanded
אִיסְפַּרְגּוֹס (ἀσπάραγος) asparagus, also shoots of cabbage, like asparagus in form. Ned. VI, 10 if one vows abstinence from cabbage אסור בא׳ he is forbidden to eat asparagus (the latter being considered a species of the genus ‘cabbage’). Tosef. Dem. IV, 5 לקנב את הא׳ שׁבו to cut off the stalks thereon (and throw the remainder away). asparagus, a beverage of wine or beer with asparagus. Ber. 51ᵃ. Pes. 110ᵇ. Kidd. 70ᵃ אי׳ דקריוה וכ׳ aspar. as the educated call (the morning drink). [Yalk. Gen. 34 איספרגוס read אִיסְפַרְגִּיס (σφραγίς) seal, v. סְפַרְגִּיס.] ↗ expanded
אִיסְפַּרְגַּל (Arab. safar-ḡel) ispargal, name of a fruit (called Persæa, Περσαία), plum; others: quince.—Pl. אִיסְפַּרְגְּלִין. Y. Maasr. I, 48ᵈ bot.; Y. Kil. I, 27ᵃ, explain. פרישין = persæa. V. Löw Pfl. pp. 144, 289, a. Sm. Ant. s. v. Persæa↗ expanded
אִיסְקוּנְדְּרֵי (Pers. iskodâr, ἀσκάνδης, σαγγάνδης, ἀστάδης; v. Perles Et. St. p. 113) prop. despatch-bearers, name of a game, a kind of chess. Kidd. 21ᵇ באי׳ אטללתו Ar. (Var. Ar. בסק׳; ed. איסקומדרי) you must have played at iskundré (instead of studying). Shebu. 29ᵃ דילמא איס׳ וכ׳ (Ms. M. איסקודרי) perhaps he gave them checkers (tokens in game) and passed them for Zuzé. Ned. 25ᵃ. Cmp. איסקרנדה. ↗ expanded
איסקריטורי , read אִיסְקְרִיטָרְיֵי m. pl. (σηκρητάριοι, secretarii) the sovereign’s private secretaries (Asecretis, v. D. C. Gr. a. Lat. s. v.). Y. Keth. XII, 35ᵇ; Y. Kil. IX, 32ᶜ איסקבטיריי (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
אִיסָר (contr. of איסהר, cmp. איסתירא, an adapt. of assarius = as) As, a Roman coin, usu. 1/24 of a Denar (v. Zuckerm. Talm. Gew. p. 22 sq.), called א׳ האיטלקיItalian As. Kidd. I, 1; a. fr.—Y. ibid. I, 58ᵈ הא׳ אחד מכ"ד וכ׳ the As is 1/24 of the silver Denar.—Trnsf. coin. Taan. 19ᵇ מדלית א׳ because there was a scarcity of coin.—Pl. אִיסָרִין. Y. Maas. Sh. IV, 55ᵇ top.—Chald. Kidd. 12ᵃ איסורי read אִיסָרֵי. [Gen. R. s. 42 א׳ לשם אלסר the Assar received its name from Elasar (Gen. XIV, 1), comment.; v. however next w.] ↗ expanded
אִיסָּר prop. band, hence vow of abstinence, (cmp. איסור). Y. Ned. I, beg. 36ᶜ.—Pl. אִיסָּרוֹת, אִיסָּרִין, אֱסָרִין. Ibid. אין לוקין על הא׳ the punishment of lashes is not applied for breaking vows. Y. Yeb. XIII, 13ᵈ אסורות (corr. acc.). Y. Ned. I, 36ᵈ top. [אֵיסָר prisoner, v. אֵיסוּר.] [Gen. R. s. 42 א׳ לשם אלסר bands (chains) forged for Elasar, v. preced.] ↗ expanded
אֵיסַרband, chain. Pl. אֵיסָרִין. Targ. Jud. XV, 14. vow. Targ. O. Num. XXX, 3 (Y. אִיסְרָא); a. e.—Pl. אֵיסָרִין, אֵיסָרֵי. Targ. O. Num. XXX, 5; a. e.—[Targ. Ps. II, 3 אֱסָרָתָא (some ed. אֵסָרוּ׳), v. next w.] ↗ expanded
אִיסְרָא 2 (v. סַר) prince, angel, genius. Pes. 111ᵇ א׳ דמזוני וכ׳ (Ms. M. שדא, read שרא; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) the genius appointed over sustenance is named Cleanliness. Ib. א׳ דעניותא וכ׳ (in Ms. our w. omitted) the genius of want is named Filth. Yoma 77ᵃ א׳ דפרסי Ms. M. (ed. שרא, in a passage omitted in many editions, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) the genius of the Persians (Pharsees). ↗ expanded
איסרתה Y. Gitt. VII, 48ᵈ, v. אִיסְרָטָה ↗ expanded
אִיסְתְּוָורָא (Ithpe. or Ispe. of סְוַר = שָׁוַרto leap, stride; b. h. אֲשׁוּר; cmp. אִסְפֶּירֶס) ankle, foot-step. Targ. Job XXIII, 11; a. e. Yeb. 103ᵃ; Arakh. 19ᵇ האי אי׳ עד ארעא נחית (Ar. אסתוו׳) what is called ist’vira (ankle, in an anatomical sense) goes down to the ground (the entire length of the foot from the ankle). Men. 33ᵃ, דעבידא כי אי׳ a door turning horizontally like the foot from the ankle.—Pl. אִיסְתְּוָורִין, רֵי … Targ. Koh. XII, 5; a. fr. Cmp. אֲתוּרֵי. ↗ expanded
אִיסְתִּירָא (contr. of אסתהרא &c., r. סהר, צהר; cmp. אִסְתַּהַר a. אִיסָר) a silver coin, (with זוזא or פשיטא, or sub. זוזא &c.) equal to a common (provincial) Sela, or half a Zuz. Keth. 64ᵃ; Gitt. 45ᵇ, v. טרפעיקא. B. Mets. 102ᵇ. Bekh. 49ᵇ א׳ סורסיא Syriac Istira (v. Zuckerm. Talm. Münz. p. 27). Kidd. 11ᵇ.—Pl. אִיסְתִּירֵי Gitt. 14ᵃ א׳ זוזי. Ḥull. 44ᵇ א׳ פשיטי.—Ib. 105ᵃ. Hebr. pl. אִיצְטְרָאוֹת. Tosef. Shek. II, 4 א׳ של זהב (Var. אִיסְטְרָאוֹת) gold coins (staters). Y. ib. III, 47ᶜ איצטלי (corr. acc.). [Targ. II Esth. II, 7 יונית אִיסְתֵּירָא, a gloss to ככב נגהא, v. אִסְתַּהַר, confounding our w. with ἀστήρ.] ↗ expanded
אִיסְתְּנִיס (ניס, Saf. סניס, Ithpe. איסת׳, Ispe. איסט׳; cmp. אִיתְנִיס; cmp. אִשְׁתְּמוֹדַע as to Ishtafel) of feeble health, delicate, fastidious in diet. Yoma III, 5 איסת׳ Ms. a. Ar. (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l., note 10; Bab. ed. mostly איסט׳). Pes. 108ᵃ. Snh. 100ᵇ (opp. דעתו יפה not choicy); a. fr.—Pl. אִיסְתְּנִיסִים &c. Gen. R. s. 11 Ar. (ed. איסט׳). Lam. R. to IV, 2 סיה … (read … סִים).—Chald. Targ. Job VI, 7 ed. אסת׳ (Ms. אסט׳). [Cmp. b. h. נָסַס, ch. נְסִיס.] ↗ expanded
*אֵיפָה 2 (cmp. אוֹפִי) character, disposition, temper. Ex. R. s. 40 (play on אֵיפֹה Job XXXVIII, 4) הא׳ שלך וכ׳ where was thy predestined temper suspended? (on which limb of Adam’s head, hair &c.?, v. preceding passage ibid.). Ib. אֵיפָתְךָ. ↗ expanded
אֵיפָה 3 [batch], Ephah, a dry measure. Sifré Deut. 294, both a small as well as a large Ephah קרויה א׳ is named Ephah.—Men. 45ᵇ top אֵיפָתָן the Ephah belonging to the sacrifices; a. fr.—Pl. אֵיפוֹת. Ibid. ↗ expanded
אֶיפְטָא (ἑπτά) seven. Gen. R. s. 14, beg.; a. e. V. אֵיטָא. ↗ expanded
אִיפַּטְיָא (ὑπατεία) prop. Roman consulship, consulate, in gen. era, dating from accession to government or an other important event. Lev. R. s. 36 נמנה בא׳ של מלכים (Ahaz) was counted under the era of kings (under whom Isaiah prophesied). Num. R. beg. ואיזה א׳—איזה יום what day, month, year and era (from the exodus from Egypt.). Pesik. Baḥod. p. 104ᵃ היו מונין א׳ וכ׳ count ye a new era from my son’s redemption. Ib. Haḥod. p. 52ᵇ sq. he wrote her marriage contract וכתב לה א׳ in which he stated the era of his government. ↗ expanded
אִיפָּטִיקוֹס (incorr. איפוט׳, איפיט׳) m. (ὑπατικός) consularis, Emperor’s delegate, viceroy. Mekh. B’shall. Amalek, 2, א׳ מבטל וכ׳ the Hypaticus annuls it over his (the Hegemon’s) hand (ignoring his authority).—Pl. אִיפָּטִיקִין. Tanḥ. (ed. Bub.), Vayesheb 2 אפסיקין (corr. acc., v. note 4). V. היפטיקוס. ↗ expanded
אִיפְּכָא (אפך) the reverse, opposite. Bekh. 5ᵃ, a. fr. אנן א׳ מתנינן לה our version is the reverse. Ḥull. 20ᵇ, a. fr. אדרבא א׳ מסתברא, v. אַדְּרַבָּא. R. Hash. 20ᵃ; a. v. fr. ↗ expanded
אִיפַּסְטְלִין (אֲפִיצְטְלִין Mus.) m. pl. (pastilli) lozenges, pills of sugar. Cant. R. to I, 2. v. פִּיצְטְלִין, פּסְטילוֹס; cmp. Yalk. Cant. 981. ↗ expanded
אִיפַּרְכָא (ὕπαρχος, ἔπαρχος) prefect of a province or town; governor, lieutenant. Gen. R. s. 11; a. v. fr.—Pl. אִיפַּרְכִין, אִפַּ׳; אִפַּרְכֵי, אִיפַּרְכַיָּא. Targ. Y. Num. XI, 28. Targ. Esth. I, 3; a. e.—Shebu. 6ᵇ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אִיפַּרְכִי (ἐπαρχία) prefecture, province, town-government. Gen. R. s. 39; a. fr. [In Targ. also אִיפַּרְכָיוּתָא.]—Pl. אִיפַּרְכִיֹּות, אִפַּ׳. Gen. R. s. 89; a. e. [Targ. Lam. I, 1 אַפְרִיכְיָא, read אִיפַּרְכַיָּיא. Targ. Y. II, Deut. III, 11 אפרכיון, read בֵּי אֵרְכִיוָן.] [Midr. Sam. ch. VII, לא׳ (Var. לאפי), v. אַפַּנְטֵי.] ↗ expanded
אִיצָא 1 (אוץ) ozier, prickly twigs. Gitt. 69ᵇ א׳ רטיבא וכ׳ (Ar. אִצָּא) green twigs with which the river is dammed in (figur. for diarrhœa stopped). Cmp. הוּצָא. ↗ expanded
אִיצָא 2 (אוץ, אצץ) squeezing, pressure. Yeb. 121ᵇ top, אגב איצצא מזקי (Ar. איצא) on account of the pressure (which the falling person exercises on the serpents in the pit) they injure him. Sabb. 144ᵇ דאתי בתר איצצא Ar. (ed. איצצתא; Ms. M. אִיצִיצָא) (the juice) which oozes out of the grapes through the pressure of their non weight. M. Kat. 11ᵃ salted fish made fit for immediate use אגב א׳ by squeezing (and washing) out the salt.—Pl. אִיצְצֵי. Ib. שיתין א׳ sixty times pressed and washed. trnsf. depression, depreciation in the market; [oth. opin. deterioration of quality]. Keth. 100ᵇ אע"ג דנפל ביה איצצתא (read דנפלא; Ar. דהוי ביה איצא, Rashi איצצא) though there is a risk of depreciation (on account of large supply for the festive season) [or of getting sour]. ↗ expanded
אִיצְטַדִּין f. (orig. m. pl., Ithp. of צדי q. v.; sub. שדה &c.) a place full of ruins. Y. Erub. II, 22ᵇ את רואה את הא׳ כילו וכ׳ you look upon the debris near Tiberias as &c. (cmp. אלסיס).—*Pl. איצְטַדִּינִין. B. Bath. 103ᵇ א׳ מהו if the stones in the field are debris, how is it? [Comment. diff.] cacophemism for theatre (a place of destruction). [The prevailing versions are אצטרין, אסטרין q. v.] ↗ expanded
איצטיוראן Tosef. B. Kam. VI, 28, read אצטבא or אצטווא. ↗ expanded
אִיקוּמֵינֵי (οἰκουμένη) the inhabited earth. Koh. R. VI, 3 אוקו׳ (corr. acc.); Gen. R. s. 32 יקו׳ (corr. acc.) (play on y’kum Gen. VII, 4). ↗ expanded
אִיקוֹן c. (εἰκών) likeness, portrait, iconic statue. Targ. Y. Gen. V, 3.—Pl. h. אִיקוֹנִין, אִיקוֹנוֹת; ch. אִיקוֹנַיָּא, אִיקוֹנָתָא. Ex. R. s. 30 (של מלך) א׳ emperor’s statues; a. fr.—Y. Ab. Zar. III, beg. 42ᵇ איקוניות, איקינות read אִיקוֹנוֹת. Ib. 42ᶜ top; a. e. V. אִיקוֹנִין. [Midr. Till. to Ps. XV, XVII, v. אִיקוֹנְיָא.] ↗ expanded
אִיקוֹנוֹמוֹס (οἰκόνομος) steward, town-clerk (a slave). Y. B. Mets. IX, beg. 12ᵃ. Y. B. Bath. IV, 14ᶜ bot. איקומנוס (corr. acc.). B. Bath. 68ᵇ אינקלמוס, אנקולמוס, אנקל׳, אונק׳ (popul. corrupt.). ↗ expanded
*אִיקוֹנְיָא 1 (pl. of εἰκόνιον) statuary. Midr. Till. to Ps. XV (ref. to Is. XXXI, 9, applied to the Roman empire or emperor) ‘his rock’ זה א׳ this means the statues with the likenesses of the emperors (v. Sm. Ant. s. v. Statuary). ↗ expanded
*אִיקוֹנְיָא 2 (pl. as a collect. noun) (denom. of אִיקוֹן) a procession in which portable images are carried. Midr. Till. to Ps. XVII א׳ של מלאכים וכ׳ a procession of angels passes before man and they cry, Make room לאיקוניה של וכ׳ (read לְאִקוֹנָיו or לְאִיקוֹנוֹת; Yalk. Ps. 670; Deut. R. s. 4 לאִיקוֹנִין) for the images of the Lord (man being created in the image of God). Deut. R. l. c. או׳ מהלכת (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
אִיקוֹנִין (εἰκόνιον) picture, image; Targ. Y. Gen. IV, 5 features (pl.); a. fr.—Ex. R. s. 15. Deut. R. s. 4, v. אִיקוֹנְיָא II; a. fr.—Esp. זִיו א׳ the brightness of expression, features.—Gen. R. s. 53; a. fr.—Ex. R. s. 35 א׳ נאה (sub. זיו) fine appearance; Cant. R. to III, 11 אותונין (corr. acc.).—Pl. v. אִיקוֹן↗ expanded
אִיקָר (= h. יְקָר, v. אִי־) honor, glory.—Targ. Prov. XI, 16; a. fr.—Y. Ber. I, 2ᵈ איקרִי וכ׳ my honor counts for nothing before the honor of my Maker. Ib. II, 4ᵇ מה את פליג ליה א׳ (not אתפליג) what honor dost thou pay it (by passing by)?; Y. Shek. II, 47ᵃ top.—Y. Peah VIII, 21ᵇ bot. פרנסה דא׳ an honorable livelihood. Y. Ḥag. I, 76ᵈ top איגרא דא׳, v. אִיגְּרָא.—Pl. אִיקְרִיןpresents, greetings. Y. Ab. Zar. II, 41ᵈ (some ed. איקלין). ↗ expanded
אִירָא (אור, cmp. חור) white substance, undyed wool or cotton. Sabb. 11ᵇ; (Tosef. ib. I, 8 missing). Ib. 79ᵃ דוגמא לא׳ a sample color for the wool (given to the dyer).—Pl. אִירִין. B. Kam. 119ᵇ, the remnants of wool in the hands of the dyer. [R. Hanan. reads אִידָּא q. v.] [Tosef. Kel. B. Bath. I, 4 אִירָה; Kel. XXI, 1 עִירָה.] ↗ expanded
אֵירוּס 1 (supposed to be = ἴρις) Erus, a lily with an aromatic root. Kil. V, 8, expl. Y. ib. 30ᵃ bot. אִירְסַיָּה (pl. of אִירְסָא, v. P. Sm. s. v.). Tosef. ib. III, 13. Ohol. VIII, 1. ↗ expanded
אֵירוּס 2 (prob. from its use, v. ארס a. deriv.) erus, a musical instrument used at weddings and funerals, drum, taboret. Sot. IX, 14 על האי׳—גזרו the use of the erus at weddings was interdicted; v. expl. Bab. ib. 49ᵇ; Y. ib. 24ᶜ top. Kel. XV, 6 הא׳ (used at funerals). ↗ expanded
אִישׁ , v. אֱינָשׁ) being, man; husband; lord.—א׳ ירושלים a native or citizen of Jerusalem Aboth I, 4; a. fr.—Yoma I, 7 אִישִׁי כה"ג my lord the High-priest. Sot. 17ᵃ א׳ ואשה husband and wife; a. fr.—Pl. אֲנָשִׁים, v. אֱנוֹשׁ. ↗ expanded
אִישֶּׁה , v. אֵשׁ) burnt-offering.— Pl. אִישִּׁים, אִשִּׁ׳. Ned. 13ᵃ. Zeb. V, 4 כליל לא׳ altogether to be burnt; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אִישֹׁון constr. (v. אֲשַׁן a. b. h. אִישֹׁון) essence, exact time, season. Targ. Y. Gen. XVIII, 5. Ib. XXVIII, 10; a. fr. (in Targ. Y.).—Pl. אֲשׁוּנֵי, אִשׁוּנֵי. Targ. Y. Lev. XV, 25; Deut. XXXI, 10. Cmp. אֵיתָן. ↗ expanded
אִישּׁוּר (v. אָשַׁר, Pi. praise, adoration. Cant. R. to VIII, 11 אישורְךָ היא it is thy praise. Y. Succ. III, 54ᵃ top, with ten var. expressions of praise are the psalms headed באי׳ with the word ashré, &c.—2) (v. אָשַׁרPi. 1) legal attestation. Y. B. Mets. I, 8ᵃ bot; v. אַשָּׁרָא. [Some ed. אֵישֶׁר.]. ↗ expanded
אִישׁוּת (v. אִישׁ) matrimony, marital state. Ab. Zar. 36ᵇ דאורייתא א׳ דרך חתנות biblically intermarriage with gentiles is forbidden only in the way of legal marriage (opp. concubinage, &c.). Y. Kidd. I, 59ᶜ bot. שִׁפְחוּת אחר א׳ servitude after marriage, i.e. a father selling his daughter after she had been married and had returned to her parental home in widowhood &c. Yeb. 76ᵃ, a. fr. לשום א׳ with the intention of establishing a matrimonial relation. ↗ expanded
אַיְשַׁר (Af. of אֲשַׁר) good luck! Y. Shebi. IV, 35ᵇ what means ‘we salute them’? Ans. (Saying) אי׳ good luck. Ib. איי׳. Y. Taan. I, 64ᵇ bot.; a. e. ↗ expanded
אֶישְׁתָּא (= שִׁיתָּא) six. Targ. I Chr. XII, 24; a. e.—Y. Sot. VIII, 22ᶜ bot. אמתא א׳ a cubit has six handbreadths. Y. Snh. I, end, 19ᵈ חד מן א׳ one sixth. Ib. X, 28ᵇ top אש׳ ירחין six months.—Pl. אַשְׁתִּיןsixty. Targ. Y. II, Num. XII, 16. Cmp. אֲשִׁיתָּא. ↗ expanded
אִיתְ־ formative prefix, v. אִתְ־. [Words not found here below, will be found under אִתְ־.] ↗ expanded
אִית prop. being, existence, hence there is, are; est qui &c. Targ. Gen. XVIII, 24; a. fr.—Y. Ber. VI, end, 10ᵈ א׳ תניי תני וכ׳ one Tannai reads … R. Hash. 11ᵇ, a. fr. כדאיתא as it is, i.e. as stated.—אית לי I have, I hold (the opinion).—Snh. 90ᵃ, a. fr. מר כדאית ליה וכ׳ the one in accordance with the opinion he holds, and the other &c.—B. Mets. 5ᵃ, a. fr. אם איתא לדר׳ … if the opinion of R. … has (had) any substance, i.e. if we must adopt his authority.—Yoma 41ᵃ מאי א׳ לך למימר what hast thou to reply?—B. Mets. 3ᵃ מאי א׳ לי גבי וכ׳ what have I to do with the hired man?—Yeb. 116ᵃ כי אִיתְנֵכוּ בש׳ when ye are in Shili &c.—Compounds אית־כא, contr. אִיכָּא; לא איתא contr. לֵיתָא. [אִיתָאִי, אִיתִי, my existence, I am = h. עוֹדִי. Targ. Ps. CIV, 33; a. e.] Cmp. אִיתַי. ↗ expanded
אִיתָּא (cmp. אִית a. אִישׁ; = h. אִשָּׁה; (cmp. אִנְתָּא) woman, wife. Targ. Gen. II, 22; a. fr.—Y. Maasr. V, end, 52ᵃ חדא איתא a certain woman. Y. Taan. I, 64ᵇ bot. איתה. Y. Ber. II, 5ᶜ bot. איתתֵיה דאבוהי his father’s wife, step-mother (fig. for Babylon); a. fr. ↗ expanded
אִיתּוּ (preced.) = h. אִישׁוּתmatrimony; לא׳ in matrimony, as wife. Targ. Gen. XII, 19; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אִיתוּcome ye!, Imper. of אֲתָא.—[Pes. 50ᵃ איתו אנן, v. אִיתַי.] ↗ expanded
*אִיתַי , אִיתַיי (pl. of אִית) there is, there are. Dan. II, 10; a. fr.—Y. Shebi. X, 39ᶜ ל׳ יום לא איתיי (Y. Macc. I, 31ᵃ … איתי) a loan on thirty days does not exist, i.e. does not come within the rule whereby a creditor may secure collection by announcing legal action before the Sabbath year limitation takes effect.—*Pes. 50ᵃ כי היכי דאיתו אנן אִיתִינָן וכ׳ (read דאיתי or דאיתינן; Ms. M. אתינן; diff. vers. v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) as we are esteemed here (in this world) so are we there (in the world of the beatified). ↗ expanded
אִיתְכָּלָא (const. אִיתְכַּל) m. = h. אֶשְׁכֹּל (q. v.) bunch of grapes. Targ. Num. XIII, 24; a. e.—Pl. אִיתְכָּלִין, אַתְכָּ׳, אִיתְכָּלַיָּיא. Targ. I Sam. XXV, 18; a. e.—Trnsf. scholars, opp. עילייא (leaves), the untutored. Ḥull. 92ᵃ ליבעי רחמי וכ׳ let the grapes pray for the leaves (the scholars for the untutored); for but for the leaves, the grapes could not exist. V. אֶשְׁכֹּל. ↗ expanded
אִיתְּמָל = h. אֶתְמוֹלyesterday. Targ. Ex. IV, 10; a. e.—Erub. 15ᵃ; a. e. ↗ expanded
אֵיתָןessence, permanent or normal condition. Nidd. 48ᵇ חזר לאֵיתָנוֹ obtained again its normal condition. Sot. 36ᵇ שבה קשתו לא׳ his membrum resumed its normal condition. (Cmp. Ex. XIV, 27). adj. essential, strong. R. Hash. 11ᵃ א׳ לישנא דתקיפי ethan means strong.— Pl. אֵיתָנִים. Ib. אֵיתָנֵי עולם the mighty of the world (patriarchs). Gen. R. s. 98 (play on ăthono Gen. XLIX, 11) בנים אֵתָנִים וכ׳ mighty sons (heroes) are destined to descend from him. pr. n. river Ethan. Succ. 18ᵃ (Ms. M. נתן); a. e. ↗ expanded
אִיתְנִיס (= אתנסיס, אתנסס, v. נסס; or Ithpe. of נוס or ניס) to be taken sick. Sabb. 145ᵇ אִיתְנַסִּי (Ms. M. אִיתְנַיֵּיס אִיתְנַיְּיסִיIthpa.) I should have grown sick; (Ms. Oxf. איסתכני I should have been in danger). Git. 56ᵃ אִתְנִיסָא (or אִתְנַיְּסָה) she grew sick (from aversion), fainted. Cmp. אִיסְתְּנִיס. [אִיתְנִיס = אִתְאֲנִיס, v. אֲנַס.] ↗ expanded
אַךְ 1only, but. Pes. 5ᵃ אך חלק the word akh (Ex. XII, 15 ‘but on the first [preceding] day’) intimates a division of the day between two categories as to the laws concerning that day. Kerith 7ᵃ; a. fr.—Pl. (אַכִּים) אַכִּיןthe word akh in the Biblical texts. Y. Ber. IX, 14ᵇ bot., a. e. א׳ ורקין מיעוטין the akh and the rak intimate limiting qualifications. ↗ expanded
אַךְ 2 (v. אָנַךְaffliction, calamity. B. Mets. 59ᵇ; v. חֲכָךְ. Gen. R. s. 32, end; Tanḥ. Noah 9, ed. Bub. 3, cmp. preced.↗ expanded
*אָכוּז (כוז, v. כּוּז) [hollow, arched pitcher], euphem. for buttocks or extremity (testicles &c.). Bekh. VI, 6 (40ᵃ) ע׳. Erub. 53ᵇ (question as to spelling) א׳ or ע? (Ms. M. אבוד, עבוד, Rashi אבוז, עבוז; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note). V. P. Sm. s. v. כוז 1691 sq. V. אֵבוּז, הַרְגִּיז. ↗ expanded
אִכּוּםK’far Iccum. Y. Snh. X, 29ᶜ (Bab. ib. 110ᵇ כ׳ עַכֹּו; Joseph. B. J. II, 20, 6 Καφαρεκχώ); Tanḥ. (ed. Bub.) B’resh. 25 עכו (Var. איכוס); Ḥull. 55ᵇ עִיכּוּם; Y. Sot. VII, 21ᶜ bot. אמוס (corr. acc.; Bab. Sot. 37ᵇ עכו). ↗ expanded
אַכְוַנְגַּר (Pers. Khʷangar, Khʷalgar, Fl.) table-steward, seneschal. Keth. 61ᵃ כו׳ Ar. (ed. אטורנגא read אַכְוַונְגְּרָא; Var. in Ar. כונדקא, corr. acc.).—Pl. אַכְוַנְגְּרֵי. M. Kat. 12ᵃ (Ar. אכנ׳, ed. אבו׳, corr. acc., Ms. M. אכוורנ׳, cmp. Rabb. D. S. a. l., a. vol. VIII, p. 75). [Pes. 40ᵇ Ms. M. בורדיקאי, ed. בורדיקי, Ar. כוורדקי, prob. corrupt. of our w.] ↗ expanded
אַכְוַרְנְקָא (v. preced.; Pers. Khorengah, Arab. Khawarnak, Fl.) dining place, dining hall in the garden. Targ. Y. Deut. XXXII, 50, א׳ … קי דמלכיא a royal banqueting hall (put up for the wedding). Taan. 14ᵇ; Meg. 5ᵇ (distinguishing between בנין, erection of a building, and נטיעה, putting up a temporary structure), what is meant by ‘putting up a tent of joy?’—זה הנוטע אכ׳ של מלכים Ms. M. (Ar. כ׳; ed. אב׳, corr. acc.) it means one putting up a regal banqueting tent (for his son’s wedding). Erub. 25ᵇ אכ׳ וכ׳ (ed. אב׳) the Resh Gelutha was to have a banquet (on a Sabbath) in his garden. ↗ expanded
אַכְזִיב (b. h.) Achzib (Ecdippa, Ecdippon), a sea-town in Northern Palestine. Y. Shebi. V, 36ᵇ bot. he who travels מעכו לא׳ (Git. 7ᵇ; Tosef. Oh. XVIII, 14 מעכו לכְזִיב) from Acco (Ptolemais) to Ach. (Chezib). ↗ expanded
אַכְזָר , v. אַכְזָרִי. Denom. Nithpa. נִתְאַכְזָרto show one’s self merciless. Num. R. s. 8. ↗ expanded
אַכְזְרָא (= b. h. אַכְזָר) cruel. Targ. Job XLI, 2 (1); a. e.—Lam. R. introd. (R. Joh. קטילא א׳ merciless slaughter.—Pl. אַכְזְרָאִין. Targ. Deut. XXXII, 33. Targ. J. II ibid. אַכְזְרוֹאֵי. ↗ expanded
אַכְזָרִי , אַכְזָרִית f. (b. h., cruel, merciless; also strictly just. Koh. R. to VII, 16; a. e. B. Bath. 16ᵃ bot.—Pl. אַכְזְרִיִּים, אַכְזָרִים; fem. אַכְזְרִיֹּות. Pesik. R. s. 44. Num. R. s. 8. [Num. R. s. 9 מדת אכזרית, read אַכְזְרִיּוּת.] ↗ expanded
אַכְזְרִיּוּת (b. h.) cruelty, severity; strict justice. Succ. 14ᵃ; Num. R. s. 10 (p. 239, ed. Amst.) מדת א׳ the divine justice. Num. R. s. 9, v. אַכְזָרִי.—Esth. R. to I, 15 שלא כדת אלא בא׳ not according to law but with cruelty. ↗ expanded
אָכְטָא (ὀκτώ) eight. Gen. R. s. 14 beg.; a. e.; v. אִיטָא. Tanḥ. (ed. Bub.) B’midb. 21 אקטו. ↗ expanded
אֲכָיָיאAchaia, the Roman province including Peloponnesus and northern Greece, south of Thessaly. Targ. I Chr. I, 7 אכזווייא (Var. איטליון); Targ. Y. Gen. X, 4 אכזיא; Y. Meg. I, 71ᵇ bot. אביא (Gen. R. s. 37 איטליא), (for b. h. כִּתִּים). [Sifré Num. 131 אביא, v. אסיא.] ↗ expanded
אֲכִילָהeating, food, meal, dish. Y. Sabb. I, 4ᵃ top, a. e. אֲכִילַת בן דרוסא (דרוסאי, דור׳) the food Ben D’rosa used to eat, i.e. third done. Yoma 80ᵇ א׳ גסה excessive meal. Ib. 81ᵃ, a. fr. א׳ בכזית wherever אכל (to eat) is mentioned in the Bible text, the size of an olive is meant. Y. Sot. III, 19ᵇ top אכילת מזבח the consumption (of sacrifices) on the altar. Zeb. 31ᵇ; a. fr. א׳ פרס, v. פְּרָס. Kil. II, 10, v. אָכְלָה II.—Pl. אֲכִילוֹת. Pes. 78ᵃ. Gen. R. s. 86, beg. (play on אוכיל Hos. XI, 4) א׳ הרבה (some ed. אוביל—אבילות corr. acc.) purveyances↗ expanded
אָכֵין (v. כֵּן) thus, in this manner. Y. Ber. III, 6ᵃ א׳ בר נש וכ׳ is it thus man deals with his neighbor? Y. Keth. II, 26ᶜ bot. אתמול אמרת א׳ וכ׳ yesterday thou saidst so, and to-day thou sayest otherwise; a. fr. V. הָכֵין. ↗ expanded
אָכַל √אך to rub, to gnaw, eat, consume. Inf. in Y. freq. לוֹכַל = לֶאֱכוֹל. Ber. I, 1; a. v. fr. trnsf. to absorb, occupy, take away. Y. Shebu. VII, 38ᵃ בשרבית אוֹכֶלֶת בו when interests gnaw on (absorb) the property. Y. Erub. IV, 21ᵈ bot. ד׳ אמות אוֹכְלוֹת וכ׳ four cubits entering into the area of Tiberias. Num. R. s. 4 כמה לוחות אוֹכְלוֹת how much space did the tablets occupy &c.? B. Bath. 14ᵃ (interchanging with איגרות, Var. אוגדות, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 5, 6). (euphem.) to sleep with. Keth. V, 9, differ. of opin. ib. 65ᵇ; Y. ib. 30ᵇ top a. bot. Nif. נֶאֱכַלto be eaten &c. Zeb. I, 3; Ber. I, 1; a. fr. Pi. אִיכֵּלto consume, burn. Tam. I, 4 המְאוּכָּלוֹת הפנימיות (Talm. ed. המעו׳) the thoroughly lighted coals in the centre; Y. Yoma II, 39ᶜ Hif. הֶאֱכִילto give to eat, cause to eat. Keth. V, 3 היבם אינו מַאֵכִיל וכ׳ the Yabam does not transfer the privilege of eating T’rumah to his sister-in-law. Kidd. 31ᵃ יש מאכיל וכ׳ one may feed his father on pheasants &c.; a. fr. Hithpa. a. Nithpa. הִתְאַכֵּל, נִתְאַכֵּלto be consumed, burnt up, digested. Ber. VIII, 7 עד כדי שיִתְאַכֵּל וכ׳ Ar. (ed. שיתע׳) until the food is digested (or absorbed) in his bowels. Tam. II, 1; a. e. to be worn off, spent. Snh. VI, 12 Y. ed. נתא׳ הבשר (Mish. ib. VI, 6 נתע׳) when the flesh of the corpse was gone. Cant. R. to IV, 4 שלא נתא׳ אחת מהן none of them was worn off. Kidd. 59ᵃ נתא׳ המעות the money was spent; a. e. ↗ expanded
אֲכַלsame.—Inf. מֵיכַל, מֵיכוּל. Targ. Gen. II, 16; a. fr.—Y. Ter. VIII, 46ᵃ כד אתון יֵיכלון when they came and were about eating; ib. (more corr.) אתון מיכל; a. fr. with קרצי prop. to eat (the bread of) destruction, eat the informer’s bread, hence to inform against. Dan. III, 8; VI, 25.—Targ. Ps. XV, 3; a. fr.—Gitt. 56ᵃ איכול בהו קו׳; Lam. R. to IV, 2 איכול קרצהון I will inform against them. Af. אוֹכַל, אַיְיכַלto give to eat, to support. Y. Ter. X, 47ᵇ bot. אוכלה ליה he gave it to him to eat. Gen. R. s. 48, end (read:) אוכלית אשקית לוי hast thou given (thy guest) to eat? to drink? do escort him, i.e. perform thy duties fully. Y. Kidd. I, 61ᵇ הוה מייכל לאבוי וכ׳ fed his father on &c.; a. fr. Ithpe. אִתְאֲכַל, אִתְאֲכִיל, , אִתְאָכִילto be eaten, consumed. Targ. Ps. LXVIII, 23; a. fr. Tanḥ. Emor, 6 ומה דהבא מִתְאֲכִיל וכ׳; Lev. R. s. 27 ומה זה וכ׳ what is this? do they eat gold &c.? Kidd. 59ᵃ קא מתאכלי were eaten up (spent). [אכלי Af. of כליto cry, v. כלי.] ↗ expanded
אֲכַל 2 (sec. r. of כול) to measure. Ned. 51ᵃ ליכיל לי מר please measure for me. Ruth R. introd. 2. הא … סאה תקום אכול (read סאתה קום) here is the bag and here the measure, get up and fill it; v. כּוּל. ↗ expanded
אַכְלָאִין , Targ. Ps. CIV, 21 Ms., ed. אכלין, v. כְּלִיto cry. ↗ expanded
אַכְלְבָא (כלב; v. Ges. H. Dict. s. v.; cmp. כְּלוּב, כְּלִיבָה; Var. lect. אַכְלְכָא, v. infra) shed, store-room. B. Mets. 63ᵇ חיטי … באַכְלְבָאִי (v. Var. lect. in Rabb. D. S. a. l.; Mss. a. Ar. אכלכא) would my wheat have gone to ruin in my granary? Taan. 24ᵃ (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.).—Pl. אַכְלְבֵי. Gitt. 56ᵃ אכלבא … שתין א׳ וכ׳ one shed of wheat requires sixty sheds of wood (for baking). B. Mets. 72ᵇ חיטי דא׳ (Ms. M. באכלכי, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) wheat stored in granaries &c. ↗ expanded
אָכְלָה 1 , (אכל) א׳ טִינָאmud-eater, name of a parasitic worm in fishes. B. Bath. 73ᵇ (Ms. M. אבל׳ טינא; oth. var., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note). ↗ expanded
אָכְלָה 2 (אָכֵל 2) occupied space. Kil. II, 10 Y. ed. אָכְלַת הגפן (Mish. ed. אֲכִילַת; Y. Ib. 28ᵃ אוֹכְלַת) the soil occupied by the vine roots, א׳ הקבר the ground needed for the formation of the cave, i.e. as far as the roots &c. extend. ↗ expanded
אָכַם (√כם; cmp. חם) to be sun-burnt, black, dark-colored. Nithpa. to be blackened. נִתְאַכֵּם. Sot. 15ᵇ נִתְאַכְּמוּ פניו the outside of the pot grew black (Var. נתפחמו). ↗ expanded
אַכְסַדְרָא (ἐξέδρα, exedra) (Greek) a covered place in front of the house; (Roman) recess, parlor, hall for conversations and discussions. Targ. Jud. III, 23. [Pl. Targ. Ps. CIV, 3, v. אִינְדְּרָא.] B. Bath. 11ᵇ א׳ דבי רב the hall of the school house (philosophers’ exedra, v. Sm. Ant. s. v.), contrad. to א׳ רומייתא (Ms. Oxf. דרומיתא, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 10) Roman exedra (open but surrounded by a railing). Ib. 25ᵃ; 25ᵇ עולם לא׳ וכ׳ the world resembles an exedra the northernmost side of which is not covered (מסוככת Ms. M., ed. מסובבת not surrounded); a. fr.—Pl. אַכְסַדְרָאוֹת. Tam. 28ᵇ א׳ של בנין exedras forming, or belonging to, a structure (opp. to open exedra with plants). ↗ expanded
אֶכְסוֹרִיָּה (ἐξορία) exile, banishment. Lev. R. s. 18 אכסי׳ (Ar. כסוריא) (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
אכסי Tosef. Kel. B. Kam. VII, 4 א׳ קמטרא, read with R. S. to Kel. X, 1 עף [אף] כסוי קמטרא also the lid of a chest. ↗ expanded
אָכְסִיגָרוֹן (ὀξύγαρον, oxygarum) a sauce of vinegar and garum; in gen. a sauce of all kinds of vegetables. Ber. 35ᵇ bot. Ms. M. (ed. אנס׳); Yoma 76ᵃ; Shebu. 23ᵃ. Tosef. Bets. II, 16. Y. Shebi. VIII, 38ᵃ top אָקְסִי׳; Tosef. Ter. IX, 10; ib. Shebi. VI, 3 סְנִיגְרוֹן.—Pl. אָכְסִיגָרִיֹּות, abbrev. סִגָּרִיֹּותvegetable sauces, vegetables used for oxygarum. Shebi. IX, 5 ed. (Var. סנריות, סנדיות, סגדיות, Ms. M. הנידיות); Tosef. ib. VII, 13 אגוטרי read אָגְזוּגָרִין; Sifra B’har Par. II ch. 3 סנדריות (Rabad סנדיות; corr. acc.). [Koh. R. to XI, 9 ארגסטירין read אוֹגְסִיגָרִין.] ↗ expanded
אַכְסְיוֹמָא (ἀξίωμα) request, petition. Midr. Till. to Ps. VI, end אחרים מקבלים אנ׳ וכ׳ (corr. אכ׳) others receive the petition presented to him אני איני מבקש אלא אנסיומין שלי (corr. acc., insert שאתה תקבל) I only ask that thou mayest receive my petition thyself. Midr. Till. to Ps. CII אל תתן א׳ שלי בתוכה (read שלו); [the entire passage is obscure and seems out of place]. ↗ expanded
*אִכְסֵן (denom. of אַכְסָן II) to harbor a guest. Nithpa. נִתְאַכְסֵן to be received; to lodge with. Midr. Till. to Ps. CXVI. ↗ expanded
אַכְסָן (transpos. of אסכנא, v. סִכָּא; h. weaver’s pin. Targ. Jud. XVI, 13; 14; a. fr.—*Sabb. 151ᵇ אפי׳ מליא כא׳ דגרדאי Ms. Oxf. a. Ar. (ed. כאביסנא; Ms. M. מלי אכסניא וגרדאי) even if the painting stick is as thick (with paint) as a weaver’s pin. ↗ expanded
אַכְסְנָאִי (deriv. of אַכְסַנְיָא) stranger, guest, lodger; also (ξένος) hired soldier. Y. Erub. II, end 20ᵇ יֵעָשֶׂה כא׳ let him be considered as a stranger (transient lodger). Tosef. Shebi. V, 21 אכסנא some ed. (ed. Zuck. אַכְסְנָיִין pl.) soldier, v. אַכְסַנְיָא 3).—Arakh. 16ᵇ א׳ דאקראי an occasional guest. Ib. א׳ פוגם ונפגם a traveller (constantly changing his lodging place) discredits others a. himself; a. fr.—Pl. אַכְסְנָיִין (v. supra), אַכְסְנִין Lev. R. s. 27.—אַכְסְנֵי, אַכְסְנַיָּא, אַכְסְנָאֵי. Targ. Y. II, Gen. XLVII, 21 א׳ גילולאי exiled strangers. Gen. R. s. 50 הב לאילין א׳ give these travellers &c.—*אַכְסָנִים. Num. R. s. 10 (p. 239ᶜ ed. Amst.) מנהג הא׳ custom of hospitality [prob. אכסניא]. ↗ expanded
*אַכְסַנְדַּרְיָא (v. אלכסנדרית) an Alexandrian merchantman (Alexandria navis); trnsf. a high mast (satyrically for cross, gallows). Targ. II, Esth. VII, 10 the son of Hamdatha wants to ascend לא׳ דבר פנדירא (Ms. לאַלַכְסַ׳) the mast of the son of Pandira (is to be hanged). Neg. XII, 1 באכסנדריא (marginal vers. in Mishn. edit., text אסקריא, Var. אסדא, אכסדיא, אסכדיא q. v.) in the rigging↗ expanded
אַכְסַנְיָא (ξενία) hospitality, lodging. Ex. R. s. 35 א׳ נעשו וכ׳ (Pes. 118ᵇ, corr. acc) they were a lodging place to my children in Egypt (they offered hospitality to &c.).—בעל א׳ host. Pesik. R. s. 11; cmp. אוּשְׁפִּיזְכָן.—B. Mets. 85ᵃ תורה מחזרת על א׳ שלה scholarship likes to come around to its inn again (to be hereditary in the family); a. fr. (= בעלת א׳) hostess. B. Mets. 87ᵃ one must inquire בא׳ שלו after the health of his hostess. quarter given to troops on march or to transient poor men; also the passing troop, or the passing poor; (individ.) beggar. Targ. Job XXXI, 32; a. e.—B. Bath. 11ᵇ א׳ לפי בני אדם the quartering (of soldiers takes place) in proportion to the number of inmates (of each house). Dem. III, 1; v. Y. ib. 23ᵇ top. Tosef. Shebi. V, 21 אין מאכילין אכסניין וכ׳ ed. Zuck. (Var. את אכסניא) you are not allowed to give … to soldiers quartered with you. Y. Ber. IX, 13ᵇ ההן א׳ עלובתא this poor beggar. Ib. א׳ עלו׳ poor beggars. Lev. R. s. 34. Lam. R. to I, 1 (חד מירו׳) בר נש א׳ a poor man. a gathering of scholars entertained by the hospitable of the place. Y. Ber. IV, 8ᵇ top נפיק לא׳ leaving for the scholars’ meeting. Bab. Ber. 63ᵇ פתח בכבוד א׳ opened his speech in honor of hospitality to scholars. ↗ expanded
אַכְסַנְיָאוּת (v. preced.) stranger’s condition, exile. Sot. 36ᵇ soldier’s pay. Mekh. B’shall. Shirah 4; Yalk. Ex. 246; a. e. (interchanging with אפסניא q. v.). ↗ expanded
*אכספטיאס , Ḥull. 66ᵇ, Ab. Zar. 39ᵃ אקונס ואפונס … וא׳ (v. Var. lect. Rabb. D. S. a. l.), Tosef. Ḥull. III (IV), 27 קולייס ופולמוס כספתיאס אכנס וכ׳, restore (א)קולייס ופילמוס (א)כסיפיאס (כסיפייס) ואתניאס (ואתנייס) וכ׳ κολίας, πήλαμυς, ξίφιας, ἀθνίας, names of fishes (v. Greek Dict.) Colias, Pelamys, Xiphias, Athnias and Thunny; v. אֲטוּנָס. ↗ expanded
אכסרא Tosef. Ohol. XVIII, 5, v. אסכדיא a. אכסנדריא.—[V. also next w.] ↗ expanded
אַכְסָרָה (used as adverb; a comp. of אך a. סרחless or more, v. נכי) in a lump, on measuring by sight. Dem. II, 5 (Ms. M. אסכרא); Y. ib. III, 23ᶜ מוכרן א׳ he sells them in a lump (as many as there may be). Maas. Sh. IV, 2. Sifra B’ḥukk. Par. 4, ch. X; a. e. ↗ expanded
אָכַף (b. h. אָכַף, √כף, v. כפף), denomin. of אוכָּף, to ride on a saddled ass. Nidd. 14ᵃ הא דמֵיכַף וכ׳ Ar. (ed. דמַכַּף = מְאַכַּף Pa.) in the one case it means that he rides on a saddled ass. [מיכף Snh. 36ᵃ, v. כּוּף.] ↗ expanded
אַכְפָּא (v. preced.) load, weight. B. Bath. 69ᵃ אבני דא׳ stones to weight the sheaves down to protect them from the wind. a contrivance to carry loads, as a hand-barrow or hand-basket. Sabb. 66ᵇ חמרא דא׳, v. אָנְקִטְמִין. Bets. 30ᵃ (var. אכיתפאon the shoulder, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.). ↗ expanded
אִכְפַּת (אכף; cmp. b. h. אֶכֶף) burden, care, solicitude, followed by ל־ of the person concerned. Targ. I Chr. XXI, 13 אִיכַּפַת.—Y. Sot. V, 20ᵇ top וביתא מאי אכפה ליה what concern is the Temple to him? Taan. 25ᵃ מאי אי׳ לך why should that trouble thee? B. Mets. 40ᵃ וכי מאי א׳ וכ׳ what do the mice care whether &c. Koh. R. to IV, 1 זה מה אי׳ ליה what concern is it to this one (if the other sinned), i.e. why should he suffer for it?; a. fr. Pesik. R. s. 10, beg. אי׳ להם will people care for them (miss them)? Git. 62ᵃ מכפת לא אכפת ליה should he not care for it? Cmp. כפת. ↗ expanded
אַכְרוּב (= כְּרוּב q. v.) cabbage. Y. Sabb. III, 5ᵈ top. Num. R. s. 7.—Y. Bets. V, 63ᵃ קולסי א׳ cabbage heads. ↗ expanded
*אִכְרוּם (כרם = קרם; √כר) covering, coating. א׳ אוכמין כקדרא a coating of blackness like a pot. Targ. Jer. VIII, 21 (h. text קדר). Targ. Joel II, 6; Nah. II, 11 (h. text פארור). Cmp. קְרוּם. ↗ expanded
אַכְרָזָה f. h. = ch. אַכְרַזְתָּא. Y. Meg. IV, 75ᵇ top, expl. אגרת בקורת, v. אִגֶּרֶת; Y. Keth. XI, 34ᶜ; Y. Snh. I, 19ᵇ top. ↗ expanded
אַכְרְזִיאֵל [the herald of God], Akhr’ziel, an angel. Yalk. Deut. 940. Deut. R. s. 11 אכזרי׳ (corr. acc.) ↗ expanded
אַכְרַזְתָּא (= h. הַכְרָזָה; כרּז) proclamation announcing public sale, whence, auction, cmp. אִגֶּרֶת.—B. Mets. 35ᵇ ימי א׳ time appointed for public sale. Keth. 100ᵇ נכסי דא׳ property sold at auction. Ib. for capitation-tax &c. we sell בלא א׳ without previous announcement; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אכרמוניא Midr. Till. to Ps. XIX, 5, Yalk. ib. ברטניא pr. n., prob. a corrupt. of איי בריטניאBritannic Isles↗ expanded
אַכְרַעְתָּא (כרע) prop. balancing, hence balances, scales, weighing. Pesik. B’shall. p. 82ᵃ בא׳ דאכרעון וכ׳ in the way they weighed, they were weighed. [Cmp. Buber l. c. note 43.] ↗ expanded
אַכַּתִּי (contr. of אַד כְּעַנְתָא הִי) a scholastic term in Talm. Bab., still, even now, yet. Meg. 2ᵃ וא׳ מבעי ליה וכ׳ and still the plural form is needed. Yoma 27ᵃ; a. fr.—מִדְּאַכַּתִּי since, up to that time. R. Hash. 10ᵇ ↗ expanded
א"לAlbam, a formula of permutation of letters wherein the first interchanges with the twelfth, the second with the thirteenth, &c. Num. R. s. 18 טבאל באלב"ם רמלא Tabel in Albam reads Ramla. Sabb. 104ᵃ ↗ expanded
אַל (b. h.) not, no (according to Talmud a milder form of prohibition than לֹא; v. Y. Pes. VI, 33ᵇ). Aboth I, 3.—אל תקרי (abbr. א"ת), v. אֶלָּא. Taan. 11ᵃ א׳ יראה וכ׳ shall not live to see &c.; a. v. fr. ↗ expanded
אֶל אול to turn) prep. to, toward.— Pl., with prefix מ a. suffix of pers. pron., of itself, of my (his &c.) own accord, on my (his &c.) authority. Yoma 5ᵇ לא מֵאֵלַי not on my own authority. Orlah I, 2 העולה מֵאֵלָיו growing spontaneously.—Y. Peah VII, 20ᵇ bot. its sacred character מֵאֵלָיו למדו they did derive from itself (i.e. from the wording of the law itself).—Hence מִמֵּילָא, v. מֵילָא. ↗ expanded
אֵל v. אלל) God. Shebu. 35ᵃ divine names which dare not be erased are El &c. Taan. 6ᵇ bot.; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֶלָּא (contr. of אִן לָא = אִם לֹא) if not, except, but, only. Targ. O. Ex. XV, 11 לית אִ׳ את none but thou, none besides thee; a. e.—Ber. V, 1 אין עומדין … א׳ וכ׳ one must stand up for prayer in no other disposition but that of humility.—Snh. 4ᵃ לא נתן א׳ שלשה he did only three times. Ber. I, 1 ולא זו בלבד (אמרו) א׳ וכ׳ and not only in this case they said so, but wherever &c. Ib. 5ᵃ אל תקרי תְלַמְּדֶנּוּ א׳ תְלַמְּדֵנוּ read not th’lamm’dennu (thou instructest him) but th’lamm’dēnu (thou teachest us); a. v. fr. (ellipt.) (you cannot say anything except …) but, a logical inference excluding all other explanations &c. Ib. 30ᵇ א׳ לא שנא but (the conclusion is proven) there is no difference. Ib. א׳ אמר ר׳ but, said R. … we may derive it &c.; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אַלְבִּינָא (אלב to cut; cmp. חלף, חֵילֶף, חִילְפָא &c.) a bundle of shoots, broom. Y. Meg. II, 73ᵃ (for b. h. מְטַאְטֵא). ↗ expanded
אִלְבָּנָא (v. preced.) young shoot of the palm-tree, thin pointed branch. Pl. אִלְבָּנִין, אִלְבָּנַיָּיא. Cant. R. to VII, 9 the palm … has no less מן תלת אילנין אלבנין (strike out אילנין) than three new (cutting) shoots. Ib. in our place they call לאלבנייא סנסנייה the young shoots sans’naya (h. סנסנים). [Num. R. s. 3, beg., in Hebr. diction, אִנְבּוֹנִין, fr. אנב, cmp. אֵב; prob. to be read אִלְבּוֹנִין.] ↗ expanded
אֶלְגָּבִישׁ Job XXVIII, 18, a. Targ. a. l.) hail, hailstone (crystal). Ber. 54ᵇ (playful etymol. על גב איש). ↗ expanded
אַלְגּוּמַּיָּא (= b. h. אַלְגּוּמִּים) name of a tree. Targ. II. Chr. II, 7 (8). [Ib. IX, 10; 11 אלמוגייא, reading the h. text as in I Kings X, 11.] V. אַלְמוּג. ↗ expanded
אָלָה ²imprecation, curse. Sot. II, 5 (17ᵃ); a. fr.—Pl. אָלוֹת. Ib. a. e. ↗ expanded
אֵלֶּה c. pl. (b. h.; v. preced.) these, those (cmp. הרי). Ex. R. s. 30 v’elleh (and this) adds to the preceding (continues), elleh (these) restricts. V. אֵלּוּ. ↗ expanded
אַלָּה Josh. XXIV, 26; v. אַלָּתָא) [pointed, prominent] lance, fork. Kel. XVI, 8 חפוי הא׳, v. חִפּוּי. Pes. 57ᵃ אוי לי מֵאַלָּתָן woe to me (I am afraid) of their fork (weapon). Sabb. VI, 3 (63ᵃ) ed. (Ms. אלא); Y. ibid. 8ᵇ (expl. דייקרן). sign-pole, used in the barn as a mark. Ib.; Y. Maasr. I, 49ᵃ bot.; Tosef. Ter. III, 11 משתיעקר הא׳ (ed. Zuck. משיתעשר, corr. acc.) as soon as the sign-pole (fork) is removed (indicating that the grain is ready for use and priestly gifts). ↗ expanded
אֱלָהּ (= h. אֱלוֹהַּ) God. Dan. III, 28; a. fr.—Targ. O. Deut. XXXIII, 26; a. fr.—Lev. R. s. 5, end את אלה רב Ar. (ed. אלוה). Y. B. Mets. II, 8ᶜ אלההון דיהודאי the God of the Jews. Y. Snh. X, 28ᵇ.—Pl. (also plur. majest.) אֱלָהִין. Dan. II, 11; a. e.—אֱלָהַיָּא. Jer. X, 11. Targ. Ps. CXXXVI, 2 אלהי אלהיא the God of gods. [Gen. R. s. 26 כומריא גנבו א׳ וכ׳ (read אלהון) when priests rob—who would swear by their god?] Ib. (ref. to Gen. VI, 2).—Lev. R. s. 33 תמן קריין … אֱלָהַיָּיא there (in Rome) they call their kings gods.↗ expanded
אֱלָהוּת (v. preced.) Deity, divinity. Gen. R. s. 46 כדי לאלוהותו—שאין העולם the universe and what it contains, are but inadequate manifestations of his divinity; a. e. Gen. R. s. 66 ויתן לך אלוהותו (some ed.) may he impart to thee his divine power; v. next w.—אֱלוֹהוֹת, v. אֱלוֹהַ. ↗ expanded
אֱלָהוּתָא Targ. Cant. VIII, 1; a. e. Gen. R. s. 66 Ar. (v. preced.). ↗ expanded
אִלָּהֵין (= אלא הן) but that, unless, except, only. Targ. Gen. XXXII, 27; a. fr.—אף א׳ even only, i.e. so much the more (or less), not to say. Targ. I Kings VIII, 27; II Kings V, 13. v. לָהֵן; cmp. אֶלָּא. ↗ expanded
אֵלּוּ c. pl. (b. h. , q. v.) these, the following. B. Mets. II, 1; a. v. fr.—א׳ וא׳ both. Zeb. V, 2; a. v. fr. *[ (interrog.) which? Pesik. R. s. 29 (—30, ed. Friedm. p. 138ᵇ) לאילו נאמין in which of them shall we trust? Pesik. Naḥămu p. 127ᵇ sq.; Yalk. Is. 307 לאי זה, לאיזו.] ↗ expanded
אַלְוַאיoh that! Targ. Y. II, Num. XXIII, 10; a. e. Targ. Ex. XVI, 3, a. fr. (לוי).—Targ. Y. ib. XXXII, 30 (h. text אולי)—Num. R. s. 2. Gen. R. s. 9; a. fr. *[Targ. Y. II, Num. XXIV, 23 אַלְוַוי, Y. I וַי, woe!] ↗ expanded
אֱלוֹהַּ v. אֵל) God. Pl. majest.אֱלֹהִים, cmp. אֵל.—האלהים by God! Sabb. 145ᵃ; a. fr. [ד is freq. substituted for ה as אלדים, אלדי, ידוד esp. in Targ. Y. ed. Sab.] אלקים, ch. אלקא, adopted in order to avoid uttering the divine name. B. Kam. 106ᵃ; cmp. אלעיקי, איפופי &c.—Pl. אֱלוֹהוֹתdeities, powers. Y. Ber. IX, beg. 12ᵈ. Lev. R. s. 4. biblical verses containing the word El, Elohim &c. Y. R. Hash. IV, 59ᶜ. ↗ expanded
אַלְוִוין (v. אַלְוָא) the herbaceous plant aloe, a kind of cress. Y. Shebi. IV, 35ᵇ bot.; Tosef. ib. I, end (ed. Zuck. עלוא׳, oth. ed. עלויין, עלווין) ומקיימין את הא׳ וכ׳ you may (in the Sabbath year) let the aloe grow on the top of the roof, but you must not water it. ↗ expanded
אַלְוַוְיתָא (= h. לְוָיָה) escort, reception on arriving and leaving. Y. Maasr. II, 49ᵈ other people דלית אלוויתיה שכיחא לון (read … תא) who do not frequently meet with a reception (an offer of refreshments &c.). Ib. דַּלְוַויָיתֵיה וכ׳ (= דאל) who may fairly expect a reception. Cmp. אִילַּוָּיוּתָא. ↗ expanded
אֱלוּל (b. h.) Elul, the sixth month of the Hebrew calendar, containing twenty nine days, varying between the seventh of August and the second of October. R. Hash. I, 1. Ib. 19ᵇ; a. fr. Y. Shek. III, beg. 47ᵇ bot. בני א׳ animals born in Elul. Targ. Y. Num. XIV, 37 אילול. Targ. II Esth. III, 7. ↗ expanded
אָלוּם (אלם; √אל, cmp. חלם, חלב &c.) a mucilaginous plant (cmp. Lat. Alum), prob. Silphium, a kind of Laserpitium or Asafœtida. T’bul Yom I, 5 (Var. in Ar. אילום, הלום). Cmp. אֱלָל. ↗ expanded
אֲלוּמָּא 2).—Pl. אֲלוּמַּיָּיא. Targ. Ruth II, 7; 15. ↗ expanded
אֲלוּמָּהbinding, making sheaves. Peah VI, 9 (10) נתנה … לא׳ grain stalks intended for binding sheaves thereof (but not for binding the latter into bundles of sheaves עֹמֶר, Maim.)—[For binding sheaves therewith R. S.]. sheaf. Ex. R. s. 31.—Pl. אֲלוּמֹּות. B. Mets. 22ᵇ sq. large sheaves, opp. כריכות. ↗ expanded
אַלֹּון 1 v. אַלָּה) oak.— Pl. אַלֹּונִים. Gen. R. s. 15 א׳ בלוטין the bibl. allonim means b’lutin, v. בָּלוּט. [Ib. אלמוגים א׳ read אַלְוִים, v. אַלְוָה, אַלְמוּג]. R. Hash. 23ᵃ א׳ בוטמי, v. בּוּטְמָא; B. Bath. 80ᵇ א׳ בוטני, v. בּוּטְנָא. [Gen. R. s. 60 (play on hallazeh Gen. XXIV, 6) א׳ זה he is an oak (of fine appearance); Rashi refers to next w.] ↗ expanded
אַלֹּון 2 (ἄλλος acc.) another. Gen. R. s. 81 in Greek allon means אַחֵר; Pesik. Zakh. p. 24ᵃ א׳ תרי (read אַחֵר) another (one more). ↗ expanded
אֲלוּנְטִית 1 (אֲלוּנְתִּית) (interchanging with לוּנְטִית q. v.) f. (לוּט, to cover, wrap, cmp. I Sam. XX, 10, a. לאט in H. Dict.; נ inserted) wrapping cloth, sheet, bathing clothes. Sabb. 40ᵇ מיחם אדם אלונט׳ (Ms. M. אלונת׳, Tosef. ib. III (IV), 7 אלונתת) one may warm a sheet on the Sabbath to put it on the stomach; Y. Sabb. XIX, 17ᵃ bot. [Gen. R. s. 80 to put on a wound, prob. next w.]—Sabb. 147ᵇ (Ms. M. always אלונת׳, Ar. לונט׳). Men. 72ᵃ.—Y. Erub. VIII, 25ᵇ top.—Pl. אֲלוּנְטִיאוֹת Sabb. XXII, 5 (147ᵃ). Sabb. 147ᵇ בעשר אלונטית (read טִיאוֹת …, or … טִיֹּות). Tosef. ib. XVI (XVII), 15 אֲלוּנְטָאוֹת (Var. אֲלֻנְטִיאוֹת, לֻנְטִיאוֹת). Ib. 17 אנלונטאות (Var. אלנטיאות). ↗ expanded
אֲלוּנְטִית 2 corr. אֲלוּנְתִּית (אֲלַנְתִּית) f., אֲלִינְתִּין m. (a corrupt. of οἰνάνθη, οἰνάνθινος, œnanthe, œnanthinus; cmp. אניגרון as to נ a. ל) made of the grape (or leaves) of wild vine (œnanthe), whence an aromatic water. Y. Ber. VI, 10ᵈ he who sprinkles אלינת׳ œnanthe. an unguent. Y. ib. I, 3ᵃ top סכין אלוונ׳ וכ׳ (corr. acc.) you may oint a sick person with œn. on the Sabbath. Y. Sabb. XIV, 14ᶜ bot. אלינתין. Y. Shebi. VII, beg. 37ᵇ יצאת א׳ … לתְּפֵילִין (read … תית) except œn. which is only for children (after circumcision). a wine (vinum œnanthinum), used esp. after bathing. Ab. Zar. 30ᵃ (expl. as a mixture of old wine, pure water and balsam); Sabb. 140ᵃ אלונט׳ ed. (Ms. M. אלונת׳). Ḥull. 6ᵃ wine to be put לתוך הא׳ into a mixture called ăluntith; Tosef. Dem. I, 24. Y. Bets. I, 60ᵈ top. ↗ expanded
אַלּוּףprince, chief. Gen. R. s. 20 beg. אלופוֹ של עולם the world’s chief (Aleph, i.e. Adam). ↗ expanded
אָלוּשׁ (b. h.) Alush, one of the stations of the Israelites on their journey to Kanaan. Yoma 10ᵃ. Gen. R. s. 48 (play on lushi, Gen. XVIII, 6). Y. Bets. II, beg. 61ᵃ ↗ expanded
*אלטיכסייא , Gen. R. s. 8 א׳ שלך Ar., ed. תכסיס א׳ שלך …, Yalk. Ps. 834 תכסיס אלתמסין, prob. אַלְטַכְסִיסִין (v. אַל־ a. טַכְסִיס)chief of the court-ceremonies (i.e. the angel of Truth); Rashi: seal (?). ↗ expanded
*אלטינון , a corruption of יַאנְטִינוֹן for יַאנְתִּינוֹן m. (ἰάνθινον, Aquila Ex. XXV, 5) violet-colored. Koh. R. to I, 9 אלט׳; Y. Sabb. II, 4ᵈ (expl. bibl. תחש as a color לשם צבעו, v. Ges. H. Dict. s. v. תַּחַשׁ). [Esth. R. to I, 6 טיינון (Var. סיינון) read יקינטינון]. ↗ expanded
אלי 1to curse. Sifré Num. 18 (ref. to Num. XVIII, 21) לאלה שיהו אָלִין בה וכ׳ ‘as a curse’ means that people shall curse by her (pointing to her), ‘may happen unto thee what happened to …’. ↗ expanded
אלי 2 (= ילל, v. אִילְיָא) to lament, wail. Targ. II Sam. I, 17; a. e. Pa. אַלָּאsame. Targ. Jud. XI, 40 לאַלָּאָה (some ed. לאֲלָאָה). ↗ expanded
אַלִּיבָּא (= אַל־לי׳ = עַל־לי׳) according to the opinion, in the sense of. B. Kam. 13ᵃ, a. fr. א׳ דמאן in whose sense? in accordance with whom? Sot. 21ᵃ א׳ דהלכתא in accord. with the adopted decision. Sabb. 28ᵇ, a. v. fr. א׳ דר׳ in the sense, developing the opinion, of R.—. ↗ expanded
אַלְיָהattachment, whence (cmp. זָנָב, גֹּונְבָא) tail, fat-tail. Ab. Zar. 25ᵃ (ref. to I Sam. IX, 24) what means v’heãleha (and that which is upon [or by] it)? שוק וא׳ that means the leg (with thigh) and the fat-tail. מאי והעליה וכ׳ and why is it called ‘and that which is upon it’? Because the leg is near the fat-tail (back). Ḥull. 117ᵃ; a. fr.—כלפי א׳ (Ar. s. v. כלפי; ed. כלפי לָיָיא, Mss. לָיָא) towards the tail! i.e. just the reverse!, reverse it. Pes. 5ᵇ; Sabb. 93ᵇ; Ab. Zar. 75ᵃ; a. fr. [Rashi: כלפי ליֵיא where are you turning to?] ear-lap. Keth. 5ᵇ ↗ expanded
אֵלִיָּהוּ (b. h.) pr. n. m. Eliyahu, Elijah, the great prophet in the days of Ahab, freq. represented, in Talmud and Midrashim, as intervening in behalf of the pious and punishing wrong-doers, and expected, in the Messianic days, to clear up doubts and prepare the heavenly kingdom; cmp. Mal. III, 23.—Ber. 58ᵃ, a. fr. אתא א׳ אידמי ליה וכ׳ E. came and appeared to him in the disguise of &c. Gen. R. s. 33, a. fr. אתא א׳ זכור לטוב E., whose memory be blessed, came &c. B. Mets. I, 8 (37ᵃ), a. fr. יהא מונח עד שיבוא א׳ let it be deposited until E. shall come (and decide to whom it belongs, i.e. an indefinite time until the matter be cleared up). Men. 45ᵃ; a. fr.—סֵדֶר אֵלִיָהוּ־ Seder Eliyahu, name of a lost Talmudic treatise, divided into Seder Eliyahu Rabba (Large) and S. E. Zuta (Small). Keth. 106ᵃ (of legendary origin). ↗ expanded
אֱלִיהוּא (b. h.) Elihu, one of Job’s friends. Y. Sot. V, end, 20ᵈ. Yalk. Job 919. B. Bath. 15ᵇ ↗ expanded
אֶלְיְהוֹעֵינַי (b. h.) pr. n. m. Elioenai, a highpriest. Par. III, 5. ↗ expanded
אַלְיוֹן (√לוי, v. אַלְיָה) thumb, great toe. Pl. אַלְיוֹנִים. Pesik. R. s. 31 אַלְיוֹנֵי ידיהם their thumbs; Midr. Till. to Ps. CXXXVII, 4; Yalk. a. l. ↗ expanded
אִלְיוֹן Targ. Ex. XXIX, 20; a. e.—Git. 69ᵃ טופרא דאִלְייוֹנָא (Rashi אליינא, corr. acc.) the nail of the thumb.—Pl. אִלְיוֹנַיָּא. Targ. Ps. CXXXVII, 4 קטעו לואי אִלְיוֹנֵיהוֹן בככיהון (missing in some ed.) the Levites cut their thumbs off with their teeth; v. quot. in preced.↗ expanded
אֱלֶיוְתְּרוֹפּוֹלִיס (Ἐλευθερόπολις) Eleutheropolis (Freetown), an Idumean town corresponding to Hori (Gen. XIV, 6). Gen. R. s. 42 (ed. corrup. מטרופ׳) read with Ar. ואת החורי א׳ ולמה קורא אותה א׳ שבררו … אותה ויצאו להן לחירות they selected it for their residence and made themselves independent. ↗ expanded
אַלִּיחְרוֹקAlliḥrok, name of an Egyptian eparchy or nomos, prob. Heracleotes. Targ. Y. Gen. X, 6; I Chr. I, 8 (h. text פוט), ed. Rahm. אלייחרק (Var. אליחרק). ↗ expanded
אַלְיָית (אלי II) female wailer. Kel. XVI, 7 רביעית של א׳ the wailer’s musical instrument. Ib. XV, 6.—Ch. אָלְיְתָא q. v. ↗ expanded
אֱלִיל (אלל to roll, sec. r. of אול; cmp. חול a. גִּלּוּלִים) (cacophem.) idol. Ab. Zar. IV, 3 (Talm. ed. ע"ז); a. e.—Pl. אֱלִילִים. עבודת א׳ (abbr. ע"א) idolatry; also idol (cmp. יִרְאָה). Snh. 97ᵇ. Yoma 9ᵇ; a fr. offal of meat, v.אֱלָל. ↗ expanded
אֱלִיל ² —Pl. אֱלִילַיָּא. Targ. Y. Lev. I, 2. ↗ expanded
אֱלֵיל (= יְלֵיל) to lament.Targ. Is. XV, 4 (XIV, 31); Joel I, 11. ↗ expanded
אַלִּים , אַלִּימָא f. (אלם) strong, influential; violent. Targ. Y. Gen. XXV, 23; a. e.—Git. 60ᵇ, a. fr. כל דא׳ גבר whoever is in power wins (right of possession in cases in which the judge is unable to decide). Ḥull. 39ᵇ איניש אלמא a powerful man (defying the law).—Keth. 14ᵃ א׳ ליה בריא to him the positive assertion is the stronger argument.—Pl. אַלִּימֵי Ḥull. 76ᵃ thick (sinews). Kidd. 59ᵃ באגא דא׳ a village community of violent men.—Fem. Kidd. 44ᵇ מי א׳ כיד אביה is she as strong, has she the same authority as her father has? B. Mets. 34ᵃ מי א׳ ממתניתן is (the Boraitha) stronger (less pliable) than our Mishnah?—Ḥull. 48ᵇ אַלִּימְתָּא the strong, thick (pin).—Pl. אַלִּימָתָא. Yeb. 43ᵃ א׳ strong, thick combs. ↗ expanded
אִלֵּימָא 1 (= (= אִיןif; לי = לָאnot; מא quidem, somehow) unless, but for (followed by ש־; cmp. אִלְמָלֵא I). Num. R. s. 18, end אי׳ מֵי … שמעמ׳ וכ׳ but for the sticky substance in the nose intercepting the evil smell. (= אִילּוּ־מָא if somehow) if (ruling the verb without mediation of a relative; cmp. אִלְמָלֵא 2). Ib. א׳ תופשת וכ׳ if (the harsh ringing sound) should take a permanent hold of his ear, it would be bound up (with his body, sub. בלבו as in Tanḥ. Ḥukkath 1, where our w. is substituted by אִלְמָלֵא). v. אִילֵימָא↗ expanded
*אָלִיס , only in pl. אֲלִיסִים, אֲלִיסִין &c. (אלס, cmp. אלץ in Hebr. Dict. a. רסס, רצץ) ruins, debris. Lev. R. s. 19 (referring to Amos VI, 11) הדין רסיסה אית מיניה אל׳ (read רסיסא) of what is demolished by making breaches, there remain ruins, והדין בקיעא לית מיניה אי while of what is demolished by chopping, no ruins remain; Koh. R. to X, 18 (corr. acc.); Cant. R. to IV, 14. Cmp. בִּיזָא and אִלְסִיס. ↗ expanded
אִלְיַסְטוֹן (ἡλιαστός, acc., fr. ἡλιάζω, v. Gr. Dict.) a luscious wine (vinum dulce) for which the grapes were to be dried in the sun for three days, after which they were gathered and trodden on the fourth during the full fervor of the midday heat (Sm. Ant. s. v. Vinum; Columella XII, 27). Men. VIII, 6 אליוסטון Mish. (Ar. ed. Koh. אלייס׳, Talm. ed. 86ᵇ הליסטיון, היל׳). B. Bath. 97ᵇ אלייסטון Ar. (Var. a. ed. היליסטון; Ms. והלאסטון, והיליסטיון; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.). Tosef. Men. IX, 9 (from which B. Bath. l. c. is quoted) אליסטון. ↗ expanded
אֱלִיעֶזֶרEliezer, 1) servant of Abraham. servant of Abraham. Gen. R. s. 44; a. fr. 2) several Tanaim: a) E. ben Hyrcanus; E. b. Jacob, E. bar Zadok, disciples of R. Johanan b. Zaccai of the second gener.—b) E. b. Judah, E. b. Matathias; E. b. Ḥisma, of the third gener.—c) E. hak-Kappar, a late member of the fifth gener. ↗ expanded
אליפיס , Y. Shebi. IV, 35ᶜ top, read אִלְסִיס. ↗ expanded
*אֲלִיקִי (a disguise of אלהים for the purpose of avoiding the utterance of the divine name, cmp. אֱלוֹהַּ) by God! forsooth (ironically). Pesik. Baḥod. p. 104ᵃ אלי׳ אני תובע בה Ar. (ed. אל אהא, Ms. Oxf. אליקי איני) forsooth, I shall propose to her, i.e. do you believe I shall &c.? Cant. R. to I, 4 אלעי׳ אני נותן וכ׳ forsooth (do you believe) I shall give &c. [V. Pesik. l. c. note 81.] ↗ expanded
אֶלְיָקִים (b. h.) pr. n. m. Eliakim. Ab. Zar. 58ᵃ R. El. attendant of Rabba. ↗ expanded
אֶלִישָׁעElisha, the prophet. Ber. 10ᵇ. Gen. R. s. 25; a. e. E. ben Abuyah, surnamed אַחֵר, q. v. Aboth. IV, 20; M. Kat. 20ᵃ one E. surnamed בעל כנפים ‘winged’. Sabb. 49ᵃ; 130ᵃ. Y. Ber. II, 4ᶜ bot. ↗ expanded
*אַלְיָתָא f. = אַלְיוּתָא. Gen. R. s. 15, end; Pesik. Ron. p. 142ᵇ א׳ ובכיתא wailing and weeping; v. אַלִּיתָא↗ expanded
אַלְיְתָא , fat-tail. Targ. Ex. XXIX, 22; a. e.—Ḥull. 127ᵃ בשמתא נרש … ואליתיה excommunicated be Narash with its fat, skin and tail, i.e. all its inhabitants. ↗ expanded
אַלִּיתָא (cmp. אֵלָה, אַלֹּון &c.) fig-tree (of a certain species).—בְּרַת א׳ name of a fig species. Gen. R. s. 15, end ברת א׳ וכ׳ Ar. (ed. אלי) it is called brath alitha (daughter of mourning, v. אַלְיָתָא), because it has brought wailing and weeping into the world (as the fruit of the tree of knowledge). wood of the fig-tree, used as kindling wood on the altar (h. . Tam. II, 4 (Mish. תא …, Talm. 29ᵃ … תה). Yoma 24ᵇ. Y. ib. II, 39ᶜ top.—Pl. אַלִּיתוֹת. Par. III, 9. ↗ expanded
*אִלִּיתָא (pronunc. and meaning doubtful) Illitha, something supposed to render fire-proof or extinguish the fire. Snh. 108ᵇ יש לנו דבר אחד וא׳ שמה Ar. (ed. וע׳) we have something, its name is Ill. [perhaps to be read דבר אחר a (female) idol]; Yalk. Job 906 עיל׳, Ms. עליונה]. [B. Bath. 73ᵃ ומחינן ליה באלי׳ Ar. Var. s. v. אלתא, ed. אַלּוּתָא, Rashi אַלְוָותָא, Ms. Oxf. ואית לן, אלוותא pl. of אַלָּתָא. The use of the masc. gend. in connection with the word, makes the passage appear spurious.] ↗ expanded
אֲלַכְסָאAlaxa, Lixah, abbrev. of Alexander. Y. Keth. V, beg. 29ᶜ R. Al.—Ib. IX, 33ᵇ א׳ אמר לו ר׳ מנא (read לר׳ מנא); Y. Shebu. VII, 38ᵃ bot. ליכסה וכ׳ name of a gentile judge. ↗ expanded
אֲלַכְסוֹן (= לוכסן, λοξός; cmp. howev. ἀλλάξ) (adv.) athwart, crosswise. Tosef. Kel. B. Mets. VIII, 5 two feet &c. of a bed cut off א׳ crosswise; (Kel. XVIII, 5 לוכסן). אֲלַכְסוֹן, ch. form אֲלַכְסוֹנָא m. diagonal line, diameter. B. Bath. 101ᵇ; Succ. 8ᵃ כל אמתא … באלכסונָהּ a figure of one square cubit has a diagonal line of 12/5 cubits (approximately). Men. 35ᵃ; Meg. 24ᵇ must be square בתפרן ובאֲלַכְסוֹנָן both as to their seams (not warped) and as to the measure of their diagonal lines. Erub. 59ᵃ מידת העיר ואלכסונָהּ Ms. K. (ed. בא׳, v. Rashi a. l.) the measure of the circumference of the town plus its diameter. B. Bath. 99ᵃ ודילמא בא׳ הוו קיימי perhaps the Cherubim in the Sanctuary were placed across the room; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֲלֶכְסַנְדְּרָאAlexander. Y. Dem. II, 22ᶜ top, (an Amora of a place called Tsadoka). Cant. R. to IV, 12; v. אֲלֶכְסַנְדְּרִי. ↗ expanded
אֲלֶכְסַנְדְּרוֹסAlexander. A. the Great, מוקדון the Macedonian. Targ. Cant. VI, 8; Targ. II, Esth. I, 2.—Tam. 31ᵇ; a. fr. name of a judge and of a robber. Y. Ber. IX, 13ᵇ top (for אלכסנדריאה ib. read our w.). ↗ expanded
אֲלֶכְסַנְדְּרִיAlexandrian. Sifra B’ḥukk. chap. V, Lulianus the Alex. pr. n. m. Alexandri, an Amora. Y. R. Hash. IV, 59ᶜ bot; a. e.—Cant. R. to IV, 2 דרא … (corr. acc.). v. אֲלַכְסִין.—Pl. אֲלֶכְסַנְדְּרִיִּים; fem. אֲלֶכְסַנְדְּרִיֹּות. Men. 100ᵃ Alexandrians. Ib. 28ᵇ כוסות א׳ (Yalk. Ex. 369 … רִיֹּות) Alexandrian cups (lengthy and narrow). Tosef. Meg. III (II), 6 בה"כ של א׳ a Synagogue built by Alexandrians in Jerusalem. ↗ expanded
אֲלֶכְסַנְדַּרְיָאAlexandria, in Egypt. Targ. Ez. XXX, 15; a. e.—Y. Ḥag. II, 77ᵈ; a. fr.—Kel. XV, 1, v. next w.—Midr. Till. to Ps. XIX, a ship coming מא׳. V. אַכְסַנְדַּרְיָא. ↗ expanded
אֲלֶכְסַנְדְּרִיתAlexandrian. Kel. XV, 1 ספינה א׳ Mish. ed. (Talm. ed. ס׳ אלכסנדריא) Alexandrian ship, i.e. Sea ship with water reservoirs. Sabb. 90ᵃ, a. e. נתר א׳ Alex. nitron. Tosef. Nidd. IV, 17 Cleopatra מלכת א׳ (ed. Zuck. יס—) Egyptian queen.—Pl. אֲלֶכְסַנְדְּרִיֹּות, v. אֲלֶכְסַנְדְּרִי. ↗ expanded
אָלַל (sec. r. of אוּל, v. אֲוַל; cmp. עלל) to circle. Pi. אִילֵּל to go around; to espy, track. Cant. R. beg. (play on תּוּר a. תֹּורָה) אחר ד"ת אִילַּלְתָּ thou didst search after the words of the Law. Pesik. R. s. 47 ḥafar (Job XXXIX, 29) לשון מְאַלֵּל has the meaning of espying (ed. incorr. יליל, v. ed. Friedm. p. 190ᵇ).—[ to point out;to tie around; to be strong; v. אֵל, אלי I, אֵלָה, אִילָּן &c., a. אלם.] ↗ expanded
אֱלָל ch. m. (b. h. אֱלִל Job XIII, 4; v. אֱלִיל; cmp. הלל) soft, lax object, whence fatty substance, offal of meat. Targ. Job. l. c.—Ḥull. IX, 1 (Ib. 121ᵃ, diff. of opin. as to what kind of offal is meant in the Mish., v. מַרְדְּקָא). Ib. הא׳ המכונס the offal gathered (as a ball). Zeb. III, 4.—Toh. I, 4 אֱלִיל. Meïl. 7ᵃ א׳ כיון דלית ביה וכ׳ ălal, because there is no substantial value in it. Zeb. 35ᵃ פיגל בא׳ if one had an inappropriate thought about ălal of fowls (which is fit to eat). ↗ expanded
אַלְלָא (אֲלַל; cmp. b. h. דָּרַךְ) treading the wine or olive press; quantity put into the press at a time. B. Mets. 105ᵃ הא באתרא … בא׳ Ar. (ed. או׳) the one Rabbi treats of a place where they ordinarily put one khor (measure) into the press at a time, &c. Esth. R. to I, 2 (referring to Esth. l. c., and Neh. XIII, 15 ‘in those days’; play on al’la a. al’lay; v. next w.) א׳ וּוַי וכ׳ ‘wine pressing’ (on Sabbath, Neh. l. c.) and ‘woe’ (persecution as punishment) were those days marked for. ↗ expanded
אַלְלַי v. אלי II, woe. Lev. R. s. 17, a. e.; v. next w. Tanḥ. Aḥaré 2, אלילים (corr. acc.); ed. Bub. 3. ↗ expanded
אַלְלַיָּא (v. preced.) woe-makers, a word coined for playing on הוֹלְלִים (Ps. LXXV, 5, a. e.). Lev. R. s. 20; a. e.; v. וַויָּנַיָּיא for correct vers. ↗ expanded
אֲלַם intr. אֲלֵים (אַלֵּים Pa., עלים) (v. preced.) to be or grow strong, to grow. Targ. I Chr. XXII, 12 (13) אֲלַם (h. text אֱמָץ, Var. עילם). Targ. O. Deut. XXXI, 6; 7; 23 ed. Vien. א׳ (ed. Berl. ע׳, v. Berl. Targ. O. II, p. 59).—B. Bath. 124ᵃ; 135ᵇ (he left them) דיקלא וא׳ a slender palm-tree and it grew thick. to tie, v. אֲלוּמָּא. to be mute; v. Ithp. Pa. אַלֵּיםto be strong, v. supra. to strengthen, support. Targ. II Chr. XI, 17; a. e. Part. pass. f. מְאַלְּמָאresolved, insisting upon. Targ. Ruth I, 18 (h. text מתאמצת).—B. Kam. 90ᵃ אַלְמוּהָ רבנן וכ׳ the Rabbis fortified the husband’s right (gave him superior privileges). Kidd. 43ᵃ אַלּוּמֵי קא מְאַלִּימְנָא למילתיה (Rashi אַלְּמוּהָ) we (the court) give him privileges. to overpower. Sabb. 156ᵇ אַלְּמֵיה יצריה his appetite overwhelmed him. Ithpa. אִתְאַלֵּםto make one’s self strong, to summon strength. Targ. Job XXXVI, 19. to become mute, be silenced. Targ. Ps. XXXIX, 10. Targ. Koh. XII, 6. [Targ. Ps. XC, 10 מִתְאַלְּמִין (for h. text בָּהֶם?). [Targ. Job VI, 6 Ms. Vers. מִתְאַלֵּם (?), h. text חלמות!.] ↗ expanded
אִלֵּם cmp. חֵרֵשׁ) mute, unable to speak, also ignorant. Ter. I, 6; a. fr.—Ruth. R. to IV, 1 (ref. to almoni, Ruth. l. c.) א׳ היה מד"ת he was unable to speak of (excluded from) the Law (ignorant).—Pl. אִילְּ׳ אִלְּמִין אִלְּמִים. Snh. 71ᵃ; 100ᵃ.—Fem. אִלֶּמֶת, אִילֶּ׳. Num. R. s. 9. Ḥull. 79ᵃ. Sot. 10ᵇ אי׳; a. e. ↗ expanded
אִלְּמָא Targ. Ex. IV, 11.—Pl. אִילְּמֵי &c. Ḥag. 3ᵃ; Yalk. Ex. 356; Deut. 440. [Ḥull. 76ᵇ חד אילימא, v. אִלֵּימָא II, 2.] ↗ expanded
אַלְמָא (cmp. b. h. אֵלֶם, v. אָלַם) confirmation; (dial. term) consequently. Pes. 2ᵇ א׳ אור וכ׳ consequently ôr means day-light. Sabb. 151ᵃ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אַלָּמָּא (= על למה) why?, wherefore? Erub. 3ᵃ אלמא אמר וכ׳ why did R. … say &c.?—Yoma 2ᵇ אלמה לא ניבעי וכ׳ why should separation not be required &c.?; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אַלְמוּגred coral. Tosef. Kel. B. Mets. III, 13; Kel. XIII, 6; Sabb. 59ᵇ; Y. ib. VI, 8ᵇ top. pl. אַלְמוּגִים, אַלְמוּגִיןa species of cedar-tree, prob. coral-wood (v. infra as to various opinions). R. Hash. 23ᵃ; B. Bath. 80ᵇ sq. א׳ כסיתאalmugim is coral (apparently a confusion of coral and coral-wood). Y. Keth. VII, end, 31ᵈ א׳ אלוים alm. is the aloe-wood (agallochum); (Gen. R. s. 15 beg. אלווס Ar., ed. אלוום, אלונים corr. acc.). Pesik. R. s. 33 (ref. to II Chr. II, 7 a. I Kings X, 12); v. גלומי. ↗ expanded
אַלְמוֹגָא, pl. אַלְמוּגִין, אַלְמוּגַיָּיא ch. same. Targ. I Kings X, 11; 12. II Chr. IX, 10; 11. ↗ expanded
אַלְמוֹן 1 (v. אלם) a cedar species, oak [or terebinth]. . R. Hash. 23ᵃ; B. Bath. 80ᵇ; v. בּוּטְמָא a. בְּלוּט. ↗ expanded
אַלְמוֹן 2 , v. אלם) [tied up, secluded; cmp. Targ. I Sam. XXI, 3 טמיר for h. אלמני] widower. Keth. 7ᵇ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אַלְמוֹנִי m. (b. h. אַלְמֹנִיunnamed, unknown, v. preced.) pr. n. m. Almoni. Ruth R. to IV, 1 פלני א׳ וכ׳ the man’s name was Ploni Almoni. Cmp. אִלֵּם. ↗ expanded
אִלְמָלֵא (= (= אילו־מא־לָא) if in any way not, if not, but for (usu. without verb or followed by שֶׁ־ or דְּ־; cmp. אִלֵּימָא I, 1). Snh. 49ᵃ א׳ דוד וכ׳ but for David (studying the Law), Joab could wage no war. Meg. 12ᵇ א׳ אגרות וכ׳ but for the previous letters. Tanḥ. Ḥukkath 1 (ed. Bub. 1 אם לא); a. fr. (= אִילּוּ־מא־לֻא: cmp. אִלֵּימָא I, 2) if indeed. Meg. 24ᵇ אלמלי אתה לוי [Ms. M. אלמלא לוי אתה) if thou wert a Levite. Keth. 33ᵇ אלמלא נגדוה וכ׳ if they had lashed Hananiah &c. Sabb. 118ᵇ; a. fr. [A differentiation of spelling which may have existed for the two opposite meanings of our w., is untraceable; v. Lowe, Pesachim, p. 28.] Cmp. אִילּוּלֵי. ↗ expanded
אִלְמֵן (deriv. of next w.) to reduce to widowhood, bereave, desert. Pes. 49ᵃ ומְאַלְמֵן את אשתו will be forced to desert his wife (to leave his home).—Nithpa. נִתְאַלְמְנָהto become a widow. Y. Keth. II, beg. 26ᵃ (Mishn. ed., a. Talm. Bab. נִתְאַרְמְלָה, v. אִרְמֵל). ↗ expanded
אַלְמָנָה v. אַלְמוֹן) widow. Keth. I, 1; 2, v. אֵרוּסִין. Kidd. 75ᵃ אַלְמָנַת עיסה the widow of one of spurious descent; v. עִיסָה; a. fr. Trnsf. דלת א׳ a frameless door (or made of one piece). Erub. 101ᵃ; v. גַּשְׁמָה.—Denom. ↗ expanded
אַלְמָנוּת (b. h.) widowhood. B. Bath. VI, 4 בית א׳ (98ᵇ; Ms. M. אַרְמְלוּת) a house in which to live in case of widowhood. Yeb. 45ᵃ; a. e. Y. Keth. V, 29ᵈ bot. הרי אני מיגדת אַלְמְנוּתִי, v. אָגַד II. ↗ expanded
אֲלִנִסְטִי (read אלי׳ ἑλληνιστί) Hellenic, in Greek. Tanḥ. Tsav, 2 [a gloss] לשון א׳קטבך קטאב"א in Greek katab’kha (Hos. XIII, 14) means κατάβα descend; v. Yalk. Jer. 333. Y. Sot. VII, beg. 21ᵇ שמע קלון קריין שמע אלונ׳ heard them read the Sh’ma in Greek. ↗ expanded
*אֲלַנְקֵי (= על־ענקאon the neck) poles used to carry burdens on the shoulder of two or more persons (v. Sm. Ant. s. v. Falangæ, phalangæ, which is of Semitic origin). Bets. 25ᵇ what means ‘provided no carrying on shoulders takes place’? Ans. באלנקי … Ar., Ms. M. (ed. באלו׳) by means of alanke (phalangæ). Ib. למיפק אאלו׳ ed. (Ms. באל׳) to be taken out &c. (carried in a sedan chair through which poles are put). Ib. Am. and Mar Zut. allowed themselves to be carried on shoulders of men בשבתא דריגלא באלנ׳ Ar., Ms. M. (ed. our w. absent) on a Sabbath during the festive week on phalangæ (to the lecture room). V. בְּלוּנְקֵי. ↗ expanded
אֲלַס , Pa.אַלַּס, אַלֵּיס (contr. of אלעס, v. לעס) to craunch, bite. B. Kam. 84ᵃ. Git. 70ᵃ ↗ expanded
אָלָסAlas (Valens; v. וָולָס) an Amora. Y. Kil. I, 27ᵃ top. (?) Snh. 64ᵃ Sabta son of A.; v. אַבְלַס ↗ expanded
אַלַּסHellas (= Græcia Magna). [That Italian places are meant in quot. below, is obvious from Targ. Ezek. XXVII, 7, v. אִיטַלְיָא.] Targ. Y. I Gen. X, 4 א׳ וטרסס (h. text אלישה ותרשיש) Hellas and Taras (Tarentum, v. טַרְסִיס); Targ. Y. II ib.; Y. Meg. I, 71ᵇ bot. אלסטרסס; Gen. R. s. 37, beg. אלוסטרוס, אלסיט׳ (corr. acc.). [Targ. Y. a. Midr. reflect geograph. a. ethnograph. conditions and notions of their own days.] ↗ expanded
*אִלְסִיס [the final ס freq. read ם in ed., as אֲלִיסִים &c.] f. (v. אָלִיס) pr. n. pl. Ilsis &c. (grottoes near Tiberias; v. Jos. B. J. II, 20, 6) ruins of fortified caves. Koh. R. to III, 9 אלס׳. Y. Shebi. IV, 35ᶜ top אליפיס; Gen. R. s. 34 אילטיס; Ruth. R. to I, 17 (או׳) אילוסיס; Yalk. Ezek. 351 אלפטס; cmp. בְּטִיטָא a. אִיצְטַדִּין. ↗ expanded
אֶלְעָזָרElazar. E. b. Poïra, counsellor of John Hyrcanus. Kidd. 66ᵃ Several Tanaim: a) E. b. Azariah; E. b. Arakh. of the second generation; b) E. b. P’rata; E. of Modim, of the third gener.—c) E. b. Jacob; E. b. Shamua; E. b. Simon (bar Yoḥai); E. b. R. Yose the Galilean, of the fourth gener. Several Amoraim: a) E. b. Antigonus; E. b. R. Yannai, of the second gener. Y. Ber. V, 9ᵇ bot.; a. e.—b) E. bar Abina. Ib. I, 3ᶜ bot.—c) R. Lazar or E. (in Babli E. b. P’dath) one of the most renowned Amoraim of the third gener. Erub. 65ᵇ; a. v. fr. ↗ expanded
אֶלֶף (b. h.) thousand. Du.אַלְפַּיִם.—Pl. אֲלָפִים.—א׳ אלפים a million. Gen. R. s. 8 שני א׳; a. fr.—Ex. R. s. 5 אַלְפַּיִם two thousand (men); a. e. ↗ expanded
אֲלַף 1 Targ. O. Ex. XXXVIII, 25 אַלַּף ed. Berl. (Y. אלפא); a. fr.—Snh. 95ᵇ חד א׳ one thousand. Bekh. 8ᵇ מאה א׳ זוזי one hundred thousand zuz; a. fr.—Pl. אַלְפִין, אַלְפַיָּא. Targ. Ex. XXXVIII, 26; a. fr. Targ. I Sam. XVIII, 8; a. fr.—Y. Dem. VII, 26ᵇ bot.; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֲלַף 2 , √לף to join, be joined) to become used; to learn, study, train one’s self.—אֲלִיף accustomed, used to. Targ. I Sam. XVII, 39. Targ. O. Num. XXII, 30.—Targ. Deut. V, 1; a. fr. (v. also יְלֵיף).—Cant. R. to II, 2 צבי רבי דייליף would you like to study? B. Bath. 111ᵇ top גוד לית דין צבי למילף take me away from here, this man has no desire to learn (but only to argue). Taan. 4ᵃ man is bound למֵילַף נפשיה בניחותא [prob. למַלֵּיף, v. infra] to train himself to be gentle; a. fr. Pa. אַלֵּיף, אַלַּףto train, teach. Targ. Ps. XVIII, 35 מַלֵּיף (= מְאַלֵּף). Targ. Prov. XI, 25; a. fr.—Koh. R. to IX, 10 thou didst emigrate למילף for the sake of studying, והוא גלי לאַלָּפָא but he emigrated for the sake of teaching. Y. Dem. I, 22ᵃ top ולא כן אַלְּפָן רבי (not איל׳) did you not teach us thus?—א׳ זכו, v. infra. Af. אוֹלֵף as Pa. Lev. R. s. 30 (מַלֵּיף) מוֹלִיף עלי זכו offers arguments in my favor. Ithpa. אִתְאַלַּףto exercise, practice, exert one’s self. Targ. Is. II, 4; XXVI, 9. ↗ expanded
אל"ףAlef, the first letter of the Alphabet. Y. Snh. I, 18ᵃ bot.; a. fr. Y. Yeb. IV, 6ᵃ כל שהוא בה"י רבה באל"ף רבא (referring to harbah arbeh Gen. III, 16) the embryo that counts harbah with Hé, (the numerical value being 212—days), will grow; that which counts arbeh with Alef (i.e. 208 days, or less than seven months) will lie down (die); (cmp. הַרְבָּה for differ. versions).—B. Bath. 168ᵇ א׳ בית וכ׳ mere Alef Beth (arbitrary words). Gen. R. s. 1 הא׳ קרא תגר the Alef complained.—Y. Sabb. XVI, 15ᶜ top א׳ בי"ת אחד one of the alphabetical acrostics (chapters) of Lamentations.—Pl. אלפ"ין. Sabb. 103ᵇ. Ex. R. s. 38; a. e.—אָאִין. Y. Ber. II, 4ᵈ bot. they pronounce עיינין א׳ Ayins like Alefs.—[Sabb. 103ᵇ אלף אלף דאאזרך וכ׳ ed. (Ms. M. omits דאאזרך) they differ as to one who wrote on the Sabbath two such letters as Alef, Alef (of ăazzerkha Is. XLV, 5) being merely vowels; v. בגלטורי.] ↗ expanded
אלפ"א ch. Alfa = Alef. Cant. R. beg. the poet כד עביד א׳ בית"א when writing alphabetical acrostics. Lam. R. introd. (R. Ḥama b. Ḥ.) מן תלתא תלתא פסוקי בא׳ בית"א belonging to the alphab. acrostics (in Lamentations) of three verses for each letter.; a. fr. (ἄλφα) Alpha, the first letter of the Greek Alphabet. Shek. III, 2. Men. VIII, 1 א׳ לסולת best quality of flour. Ib. 6. ↗ expanded
אִלְפֵּס c. (= לֶפֶס q. v.) a tightly covered pot, stew-pot, contrad. to קדירה a boiling pot. Ned. 51ᵃ a dish goes first in a pot קודם שיורד לאי׳ before it is put in a stew-pot for steaming. Y. Ḥall. I, 58ᵃ top.—Pes. 37ᵃ מעשה אי׳ stew.—Gen. R. s. 1, end כא׳ וכיסויו as a pot with its lid.—Pl. אִלְפְּסִין. Bets. 32ᵃ, v. אִירוֹנִית. ↗ expanded
*אִלְצָרִין (Syr. אלסרא P. Sm. 155; 212; an abbrev. of אלכסנדרין, v. אֲלַכְסִין) a species of pistachio (tree or fruit). Y. Dem. II, beg. 22ᵇ; Y. Maasr. I, 48ᵈ bot. אלצ׳.—Tosef. ib. I, 1 אילס׳. Ib. III, 14 אִילָאסָרִין ed. Zuck. (Var. אלרסין). ↗ expanded
*אלקולאון Cant. R. to I, 11 שלמד א׳ בדעתו של הקב"ה, a corruption; read: שלמד אונקלס (עקילס) בן אחותו של הדריינוס; cmp. Tanḥ. Mishp. 5. [The entire clause seems to be a gloss.] ↗ expanded
אִלְקְטִי (ἑλικτή, sub. κλῖμαξ; v. also הִילְקְטִי) winding staircase. Tosef. Erub. VIII, 11 (V, end) five compartments הפתוחות לא׳ ed. Zuck. (ed. אלקט) opening towards a common winding staircase. Ib. ואסורין בהילקטי ed. Zuck. (ed. באלקטון, Var. בדיאלקטו corr. acc.) and are forbidden the use of &c. ↗ expanded
אִלְקָטִית , pl. אִלְקְטִיֹּות (לקט, v. הֶילְקֵט) stack of grain, shed for stacks in the field. [Comment. fr. קייט summer.] Maasr. III, 7 the stores in הבורגנין והא׳ (Ms. M. אלנקטיות) turrets and sheds in the field are exempt from tithes (until brought home). ↗ expanded
אלקים Pesik. R. s. 21, ed. Fr. p. 108ᵃ, read ולוּקְיוֹס, v. גַּייוּס↗ expanded
אַלְקַפְטָא (ἀργαπέτης, ארגבטא, Palm. inscript., Zeitschr. der Deutsch. Morgenl. Ges. XVIII, 89—90; Syr. ארזבד, Pers. arzabedes; v. Perl. Et. St. p. 105) Arkafta, a high dignitary in Persia. Targ. Y. Gen. XLI, 44 (ed. Vienna אַלְקַפֶּטַע); a. e.—Shebu. 6ᵇ אלקפ׳. Y. ib. I, 32ᵈ bot. ארקב׳. Y. Ber. II, 5ᵃ top Ar. (ed. בסא …, corr. acc.).—Zeb. 96ᵇ (prov.) ארקפת׳ נקטן ביד ריח׳ אתי ליה ליד Ms. M. (ed. אלקפתא נקטן ריחא …) the Ark. took us by the hand, and the scent came into the hand (undue pride of accidental acquaintances. ↗ expanded
אִלַּרְיָא (ἱλάρια) day of rejoicing, both private and public; esp. days of public rejoicings appointed by a new emperor, consisting of games, masquerades &c. Pesik. Sh’mini p. 193ᵇ while the King is engaged בא׳ שלו וכ׳ in his hilaria, ask of him what you need. Cant. R. to IV, 4 לא היו עומדין באלירא וכ׳ (corr. acc.) (at Mount Sinai) they did not stand (as) in hilaria, but in awe, trembling &c. ↗ expanded
*אלריאa disease; prob. a corruption of אִילְיָיא (εἰλεός, ileus) iliac passion, spasm of the abdominal muscles connected with vomiting. Git. 70ᵃ מיושב אחזתו א׳ Ar. (ed. דלריא as in the sentence following). ↗ expanded
אַלָּתָא (= h. אַלָּה) post, pole, door-post. Targ. Josh. XXIV, 26 (ed. Vien. I אילנא).—Pl. (of אלותא) אַלְוָותָא. Targ. Is. VI, 4 אַלְוַות (ed. Vien. אֵילָוַות.) B. Bath. 73ᵃ ומחינן ליה באלוותא Rashi (ed., sing. אלותא) and we struck it with clubs; v., however, אִלִּיתָא. Bets. 33ᵇ ויהיב לן א׳ א׳ and gave us each several branches (Rashi), v., however, אַלְוָתָא. ↗ expanded
אַלְתּוּסְבְּרָאוֹת (אַל = עַל, a. תוס׳, v. תּוּסְבְּרָא; cmp. I Chron. XXVII, 25); v. אַל־) comes thesaurorum, chief-treasurer. Midr. Till. to Ps. XV magor (his resort, stores) that is א׳ שלו his (the Roman Emperor’s) chief treasurer (or plur. treasurers). ↗ expanded
אִלְתִּיתIltith, name of a large fish (prob. from its place, v. חוּלְתָּא). Makhsh. VI, 3 (Mish. ed. אלתות). Tosef. Kel. B. Mets. V, 7. ↗ expanded
אַלְתַּר (= עַל־אֲתַר) on the spot, forthwith, always with לְ־. Gitt. III, 3 (Mish. Talm. Y. על אתר). R. Hash. 6ᵃ; a. v. fr. (in Hebr. phraseol.). ↗ expanded
אִםif, when. Mekh. Yithro, end כל א׳ שבתורה רשות every Im (If) in the Torah refers to voluntary actions (which you may or may not do) except three &c. Y. Gitt. VII, 48ᵈ בגין דאמר א׳ because he said, If (I die), i.e. conditional divorce. Succ. 53ᵃ א׳ אני כאן when I am here; a. fr. whether. Yoma III, 1; a. fr.—א׳ … א׳ whether … or. Y. Pes. VI, beg. 33ᵃ א׳ פסח וכ׳ whether or not the Passover ceremonies supersede the Sabbath; a. fr. [Ib. אם יש תוחלת read יש וכ׳ אפשר, as before.]—אִם כֵּן (abbrev. א"כ) if this be so. Ber. I, 1; a. fr.—אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן (abbr. אא"כ) only when indeed, not until, unless. Keth. 76ᵃ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֵםmother, freq. = my mother. Sabb. 134ᵃ; a. fr.—Y. M. Kat. III, beg. 81ᶜ הניח חק אִמֹּו left his mother’s lap (Palestine).—Num. R. s. 10 (ref. to immo Prov. XXXI, 1) אמו זו … התורה וכ׳ ‘his mother’ that means the Law which trained Solomon and which is called a mother of those studying it, as you read (Prov. II, 3; text אִם is read אֵםēm). womb, mouth of the womb. Ḥull. III, 2 (54ᵃ) ניטלה האם וכ׳ if the mouth of the womb is absent, cut out. Bekh. IV, 4 (28ᵇ).—Trnsf. legitimate existence, authority. Succ. 6ᵇ, a. fr. יש א׳ למסורת the traditional Scripture text (letters without vowels) is authoritative in Biblical interpretation, opp. יש א׳ למקרא the traditional reading (vowels) must guide us, e.g. בחלב (Ex. XXIII, 19) may be read בַּחֲלֵב as the traditional vocalization, or בְּחֵלֶבin the fat of.— Pl. אִמָּהוֹת, אִימָּהוֹת. Kidd. IV, 4 her genealogy must be traced back ארבע א׳ to the mothers of four generations (on each side) which is eight mothers. Y. Snh. II, 20ᵇ bot. they are not אֲמָהוֹת אלא אִימָּהוֹת maid-servants but mothers (of the nation).—Trnsf. א׳ של בצליםseed-onions. Peah III, 4. Erub. 29ᵃ; a. e.—Ch. אִימָּא. [Koh. R. to XII, 7 א׳ דבצלי׳, v. אַמָּה.] ↗ expanded
אֲמָא 2 , fut. יֵימָא, imper. אֵימָא (√אם to join, v. אמר) to say, speak, think. Targ. Y. Gen. XXXIII, 10.—Freq. in Talmud.—אפילו תימא even if you will say, i.e. it may come right even if you assume that &c. Succ. 13ᵇ; a. fr.—מי לֵימָא, (מי)נֵימָא, or לימא must it be said, does it mean to say? Ib.; a. fr.—(ואי) וכי תימא and if you should object. Ib.; a. fr.—אלא אימא but rather say, i.e. the correct version is. Ib.; a. fr.—אימא סיפא now read the second clause, i.e. how will you understand &c.? Ber. 21ᵇ; a. fr.—אֵימָא I might think. Ib.; a. fr.—הוה אמינא I might have thought, I might have been led to believe. Erub. 74ᵇ מאי הוה א׳ what might I have been led to believe?; a. fr.—נימא כוותיה let him express his opinion in agreement with his authority, i.e. why does he not say so expressly? Taan. 3ᵃ; a. fr.—Pes. 7ᵇ היכי נימא what else should he say? נימא למול should he use the expression lamol?—Gitt. 47ᵇ, a. fr. ס"ד אמינא it may occur to you to think; v. דַּעְתָּא. Yoma 85ᵇ אי הואי התם הוה אמינא had I been there, I should have said.—קאמינא = קא אמינא I say, speak of, v. קָא. Gitt. 47ᵇ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אִמָּאוּס (Ἐμμαούς, Ἀμμαούς, hellenized form of חמה, חמתה) Emmaus, Ammaus, a town in the plain of Judæa (or Philistæa), renowned, in Talmudic days, for its warm springs and luxurious life. Koh. R. to VII, 7, a. e. [Ib. 11 אימוניס prob. אימאוס.] Cmp. דימסית. [Other forms: עמאוס, עמיס, אמאום, עמאים. For other places by that name, v. Neub. Géogr. p. 100.] ↗ expanded
אַמַּאי (= עַל מַאי = אַלָּמָּה) wherefore? why? א׳ לא why not? Sabb. 48ᵃ. Erub. 70ᵃ; a. v. fr. ↗ expanded
אַמְבּוּהָ (Pers. anbûh, Perl. Et. St. p. 18; cmp., however, מבוא עם Ezek. Ezek. XXXIII, 31) crowd, escort. Yoma 87ᵃ; Snh. 7ᵇ. Succ. 55ᵃ ↗ expanded
אִמְבֹּול , pl. אִמְבֹּולִין (= עִינְבֹּול; ענב) little grape, i.e. clapper in the bell. Y. Sabb. VI, beg. 7ᵈ עשה להן אמבולי (corr. acc.) he put clappers in. V. אִנְבֹּול. ↗ expanded
אִמְבּוּרְקְלוֹן (ἐμβούρικλον, imburuclum, corrupt. of involucrum, D. C. s. v.) wrapper, cover, bundle. Y. B. Mets. IV, beg. 9ᶜ המחליף א … ין בא׳ Ar. (read … ון; ed. אברוקלון באמבירוקלון, corr. acc.) if one exchanges one bundle for another; cmp. ציבור ibid.—Pl. אִנְבּוּרְקְרָאוֹת. B. Kam. 114ᵇ ed. (Ar. אנבקראות, Ms. M. אגבו׳, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note). ↗ expanded
אַמְבְּטִי (√בט, v. אַבְטָא; מ inserted) bath-tub, bathing reservoir. Ned. IV, 4 (Var. טיא …). Ḥag. 15ᵃ אב׳ Ar. (ed. אמב׳); a. fr.—Pl. אִמְבְּטִיֹּות, אַמְבְּטָאוֹת (אמבטיאות). Y. Sabb. III, 6ᵃ.—Bab. ib. 40ᵃ אמבטי׳ (Ar. אבטאות); Tosef. ib. III (IV), 3 ed. Zuck. אבטאות (Var. אמבטאות) baths in large cities with ambulatories (v. Sm. Ant. s. v. Baths). [Y. Pes. III, beg. 29ᵈ א׳ של בצק (?), prob. a corruption.] Cmp. בְּטַח II. ↗ expanded
אַמְבְּטִיתָא (deriv. of אמבטי) water of the bath-tub, waste of the bath-tub. Y. Sabb. VIII, 11ᶜ ההן דמשזג (גו) א׳ וכ׳ he who washes (his anus) in &c., is liable to a disease of the rectum. ↗ expanded
אִמְבְּרָא (cmp. עִבּוּרָא; מ׳ inserted) crop, store. Keth. 105ᵃ smelt at (was an expert of) א׳ דחמרא (Rashi, pl.) wine stores.—Pl. אִמְבְּרֵי. Gitt. 56ᵃ קלנהו להנהו א׳ וכ׳ set fire to all those stores of wheat and barley. ↗ expanded
אֶמְגּוּזָא (= אגוזא, v. foreg.) nut. Sabb. 109ᵇ מא׳ אליבא וכ׳ from eating a nut on an empty stomach. Men. 35ᵃ כי א׳ in the shape of a nut; a. e.—Pl. אֶמְגּוּזֵי. Ḥull. 59ᵃ. B. Mets. 60ᵃ ↗ expanded
אַמְגֹּושָׁאmagus, magian, a Persian priest and interpreter of dreams; magician, sorcerer. Targ. Y. I Ex. VII, 15; VIII, 16.—B. Beth. 58ᵃ. Yoma 35ᵃ (Ḥull. 62ᵇ) פרוה א׳ Parvah is the name of a Persian magus after whom the cell in the Temple was named.—Sabb. 75ᵃ א׳ רב ושמואל Var. (read אַמְגּוּשְׁתָּא).—Pl. אַמְגֹּושֵׁי. Snh. 98ᵃ אי בטלי יהירי בטלי א׳ when (in Israel) the haughty shall cease to exist, the magians (among the Persians) shall cease. ↗ expanded
אַמְגּוּשִׁי (v. preced.) a follower of magianism, believer in sorcery. M. Kat. 18ᵃ ↗ expanded
אַמְגּוּשְׁתָּא (deriv. of preced. ws.) magianism, magian practices. Sabb. 75ᵃ א׳ רב ושמואל Ms. M. (ed. מגושתא, Var. אמגושא) as to magianism Rab and Samuel differ, one declaring it to be sorcery, the other—blasphemy. ↗ expanded
אָמַד (√מד; v. מָדַד) to form an approximate estimate, to guess; to appraise, judge, deliver an expert’s opinion. Erub. 58ᵇ אוֹמְדוֹ וכ׳ he forms an approximate estimate of the height of the hill, and passes on. Snh. 78ᵇ אֲמָדוּהוּ למיתה they (the experts) declared his injuries to be fatal; (Y. ib. IX, 27ᵃ bot., also עמד׳) א׳ לחיים the opinion was that he would recover; a. fr.—Ḥull. 51ᵃ אמדה נפשה the animal before taking a leap measures its strength. Hif. הֶאֱמִיד same. Gen. R. s. 64 שהאמידו אותה they had appraised it (the field,—as to how much it would yield). V. אוּמָד↗ expanded
אֲמַד Bekh. 61ᵃ להכי אמדתיך I guessed this was thy intention. Keth. 68ᵃ הא דאמידניה in the one case it means that we have formed an opinion about him (know whether he is stingy or liberal).—Part. pass. אָמִיד. Arakh. 20ᵃ הא א׳ וקאי he stands appraised, he has been valued before this.—Hence אָמִידbelieved to be wealthy. B. Kam. 62ᵃ איניש א׳. Keth. 85ᵇ ידענא ביה דלא א׳ I know he is not rich. B. Bath. 8ᵇ.—Ib. 52ᵃ אם אֲמִידָא לך if you believe her to be wealthy. V. אוּמְדָּנָא. ↗ expanded
*אַמַּדְלָא (= על מדלא, על מיד׳; דלי; cmp. דָּלִית) watchman’s lodge on top of trees. Sabb. 155ᵃ דרגא דא׳ Ar., Ms. M. (ed. דמַדְלָא) ladder for climbing up to the lodge. ↗ expanded
אמדלאי a word in a charm formula. Sabb. 67ᵃ Ms. M. a. Ar. (ed. אמרלאי). ↗ expanded
אַמָּה , v. אֵם) fore-arm, arm. Sot. 12ᵇ; Ex. R. s. 1 אמתה חד אמר ידה the word אמתה (Ex. II, 5)—one says it means אַמָּתָהּ, her arm, the other says it means אֲמָתָהּ, her maid-servant (v. אָמָה).—Lam. R. introd. (R. Josh. 2) א׳ דבצלי׳ an arm (direction-post) &c.; v. בְּצַל; Koh. R. to XII, 7 אם.—אַמַּת (בית) השחי the arm up to the axilla, arm-pit, name of an opening in a Temple door; v. however, infra. 4).—2) cubit, a measure equal to the distance from the elbow to the tip of the middle-finger. Keth. 5ᵇ; Men. 11ᵃ זו א׳ this one (the middle-finger) is used for defining the cubit measure. Kel. XVII, 10 אַמַּת הבנין וכ׳ the standard cubit of the Temple proportions was six, that of the vessels five hand-breadths. Sabb. 31ᵃ א׳ הבנין the builder’s cubit (instrument).—א׳ על א׳ square-cubit. Yoma 31ᵃ; a. e.—Zeb. 62ᵇ (גרומה) א׳ גדומה; Y. Yoma IV, 41ᶜ bot. גמודה a reduced cubit; v. גָּדַם; also called א׳ בת ששה עצבות a cubit of six hand-breadths pressed together (sorrowing), opp. to א׳ (בת ששה) שוחקות a cubit of six wide-spread (laughing) hand-breadths. Erub. 3ᵇ. Y. Shek. VI, end, 50ᵇ.—Gen. R. s. 31 (א׳) תביקין Theban (Egypt.) cubit(?). B. Bath. 99ᵇ אמה בית השלחין land for digging a dyke of one cubit’s width; א׳ בית הקילון (Var. קלון, סילון) land for a creek or pond for watering cattle and washing clothes, of one cubit’s width. (= אצבע) membrum virile. Sabb. 108ᵇ. Nidd. 13ᵃ sq. B. Kam. 19ᵇ prop. river-arm, hence canal, dyke, sewer. Peah II, 2 אַמַּת המים.—Yoma V, 6 אלו ואלו מתערבין בא׳ the blood of both was mixed in the sewer; Tam. III, 6; B. Mets. 33ᵃ; Y. Hor. III, 48ᵇ top אמת (בית) השחי a sewer in the Temple called the duct of the arm-pit (from its shape; v. Grætz Monatsschr. 1880, p. 289; [emendation שית unnecessary]; v. supra.—Pl. אַמֹּותcubits. Kel. XVII, 10; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אַמְהָא Targ. Job XXXI, 13. Targ. Gen. XVI, 1; a. fr.—Y. M. Kat. III, 81ᵈ.—Meg. 18ᵃ; a. fr.—Erub. 53ᵇ.—Pl. אַמְהָתָא; אַמְהָן. Targ. Gen. XX, 17; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אַמְהוּ Targ. O. Ex. XXI, 7 a. e. (Concrete: servant.); cmp. אִיתּוּ. ↗ expanded
אַמְהוּת (אָמָה) servitude of a maid, servile condition. Mekh. Mishp., sect. 3 קידוש אחר א׳ the father’s privilege of giving away his daughter in marriage is valid even after having hired her out as a servant. ↗ expanded
אמודין Y. Snh. IX, 27ᵃ, read אוּמָדִין, pl. of אוּמָד. ↗ expanded
אִמּוּם (= אמאום, denom. of אֵם) model, form, shoe-maker’s last, &c. Kel. XXVI, 4; XXIII, 1.—Ib. XVI, 7 הא׳ של גודלי וכ׳ the block of the cap-makers; של עושי וכ׳ of dressmakers. Sabb. 141ᵇ Ms. M. (ed. אימוס, corr. acc.); a. fr. ↗ expanded
אָמוֹן 1artist; (homilet.) a) = אוֹמֵן, tutor; b) = אָמוּןnursed (well-covered);guarded; c) = next w., metropolis, (great). Gen. R. s. 1. ↗ expanded
אָמוֹן 2 (b. h. No-Amon (Thebes) in Egypt. Gen. R. s. 1 (= Alexandria, the metropolis).—[ A., near Tyre. Y. Dem. II, 22ᵈ top; Tosef. Shebi. IV, 9 עמק.] ↗ expanded
אֱמוּנָהfirmness, faith, honesty, surety. B. Bath. X, 8, a. e. לא על אֱמוּנָתוֹ הלוהו at the time he extended the loan, he did so not because he was relying on his (the friend’s) surety. Ib. שכן על א׳ וכ׳ for in this case he did &c. Ab. Zar. 55ᵃ אנו נאבד את אֱמוּנָתֵנוּ shall we abandon our honesty? Ḥull. 133ᵇ אין א׳ בכותים Samaritans are (usually) not trusted. Tam. 28ᵃ א׳ יתירה scrupulous honesty. V. אֲמָנָה. ↗ expanded
אֲמוֹרָא (אמר) speaker, lecturer, interpreter; esp. Amora, one who, in lengthy popular discourses, expounds what the lecturer (Tanna, v. תַּנָּא) says before him in brief and in a low voice; often called מְתוּרְגְּמָן. Ex. R. s. 8, end כשם שהדורש … והא׳ וכ׳ as the lecturer sits … and the Amora speaks in his presence.—Snh. 7ᵇ קום עליה בא׳ stand by him as an expounder. Taan. 8ᵃ, a. fr. אוקים … א׳ עליה ודרש S. … placed an Amora by his side and lectured. Sot. 40ᵃ ואמר אֲמוֹרֵיה חד טעמא and his Amora gave a different reason. Ḥull. 15ᵃ do people listen to the Tanna? לא׳ צייתי they listen to the Amora. in a particular sense אֲמוֹרָא, Amora (Amoraïm), that class of Talmudic authorities who lived after the final redaction of the Mishnah, and whose discussions on the opinions of the Tannaïm or authors of the Mishnah and Boraitha, are deposited in the Guemara, thus adding a second element to the development of the oral law, called Talmud.— Pl. אֲמוֹרִין. Y. Ber. I, 2ᶜ top, a. e. תרי א׳ two Amoraïm differ, for which Babli usually: … אֲמוֹרָאֵי נינהו ואליבא two Amoras differ in their relation (or conception) of the opinion of … Shebu. 40ᵇ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֲמוֹרָאָה (= preced.) teacher. Targ. Job III, 17.—Pl. אֲמוֹרָאִין. Targ. Y. I Num. XXI, 29. ↗ expanded
אֱמוֹרָאָה (= h. אֱמוֹרִי) Emorite. Targ. Gen. XV, 16; a. fr.—Keth. 112ᵃ בר א׳.—Pl. אֱמוֹרָאֵי. Targ. Ex. III, 8; a. fr.—פרק א׳ the chapter treating of idolatrous practices (v. אֱמוֹרִי). Sabb. 67ᵃ, (v. Tosef. Sabb. ch. VII, sq.). ↗ expanded
אֱמוֹרִי (b. h.) Emorite; Emorean. Gen. R. s. 41 none among the nations are קשה מא׳ more obstinate than the Em.—Trnsf. Emorean, superstitious, heathen-like. דרכי הא׳superstitious practices. Sabb. 67ᵃ, a. fr. אין בו משום דרכי הא׳ is not to be looked upon (not forbidden) as an imitation of &c.; יש בו משום דרכי הא׳ it is forbidden because it has the appearance of superstitious practices. ↗ expanded
אַמְטוּ (abbrev. of next w.) on account of, for the sake of. Ber. 56ᵃ bot. א׳ זוזא וכ׳ for the sake of thy zuz (which has been refused, v. Ms. M. in Rabb. D. S. a. l.) shall the wardrobe of the king go to ruin? Lev. R. s. 27 א׳ בעירא כ׳ for the sake of the tender cattle.—א׳ הכי, א׳ להכיtherefore. Naz. 25ᵃ. B. Kam. 71ᵃ; 71ᵇ (Ms. H. הכי אמטול); a. fr. V. אָטוּ. ↗ expanded
אַמְטוּל (= על מטול; טול, טלל) for the protection of, whence (= h. בְּעַד, בִּגְלַל) for the sake of, on account of &c. Targ. Y. Lev. IX, 7; a. fr. V. מְטוּל and preced. w.↗ expanded
אַמְטוּלָתָא = preced., only with suffix of personal pronoun. Targ. Y. Lev. IX, 7 לָתָךְ … = h. בעדך. Targ. Job I, 10 לְתֵּיה … around him (protecting him). Targ. Ps. VII, 8 אַמְטֻלְתָּהָא for her sake; a. e.—Keth. 67ᵇ אַמְטוּלְתֵּיה for his sake. ↗ expanded
אֲמִיטְתָא (אמט, עמט; √אם, עם, v. אָמַם; cmp. חוּמְטָא I) darkness, dense cloud, mist. Targ. Deut. IV, 11. Targ. II Chr. VI, 1, ed. Beck. עמ׳; a. e.—Gen. R. s. 44 (transl. עֲלָטָה). ↗ expanded
אַמְיַינְטוֹן (ἀμίαντος, ἀμίαντον) amiant, a variety of asbestos from which the reputed asbestos linen was spun, which was cleansed by being thrown into the fire. Cant. R. to IV, 11; Pesik. B’shall. p. 92ᵃ. [Deut. R. s. 7, end אסיטון; Midr. Till. to Ps. XXIII, 2 הסיטון; Yalk. Deut. 850 אמיטון; corr. acc.]—Deriv. המיינטון, read הַמְּיַינְטֵןhe who cleanses the amiant. Y. Sabb. VII, 10ᶜ top. ↗ expanded
אָמִיר (part. pass. of אֲמַר) told, proclaimed, commanded. Targ. Mic. V, 1. Targ. Mal. I, 6; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֲמִירָה 1 (אמר I) speaking, speech. Gen. R. s. 5, beg. לא א׳ לא דיבור no (power of) speech or word; a. fr.—הא א׳ this is speech, i.e. this is right. Y. Snh. IV, 22ᵇ top; VI, beg. 23ᵇ. Y. B. Kam. IX, beg. 6ᵈ (contracted) הא׳ same. the word amar (אמר) in the Scripture text. Y. Snh. VII, 25ᵇ bot. נאמר כאן א׳ וכ׳ here amar is used &c.; as well as amar here indicates that the word is considered a deed &c.; a. e. dedication (cmp. אֵימוּרִים. Kidd. I, 6 אֲמִירָתוֹ לגבוה וכ׳ dedication to the Lord (by word of mouth) is equal to what delivery is in private transactions.—Pl. אֲמִירוֹת mostly in the sense of 2). Num. R. s. 14, end א׳ וציוויים texts in which amar and tsivvah occur; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֲמִירָה 2 (v. preced. 3); cmp. Ps. IV, 5; XCVI, 10; Is. III, 10) proclamation, receiving homage. Ex. R. s. 29 when a human king יוצא לא׳ וכ׳ comes forth for a reception of homage, he comes forth singly (not with his army). distinction, ornament. Yalk. Ex. 244, v. אִימְּרָה. ↗ expanded
אַמִּיתָא (אמם, חמם) ammi, Bishop’s weed (v. Löw Pflzn. p. 260; Rashi = מינתאmint). Tosef. Sabb. XIV (XV), 13 א׳ (Var. ח׳). Sabb. 128ᵃ; 140ᵃ, v. נִינְיָא. Tosef. Kil. III, 12, Var. (ed. Zuck. חמיטא). ↗ expanded
אֲמִיתִּי (אמת) true, truthful. Y. Ber. VII, 11ᶜ. Gen. R. s. 70 do ye not admit יעקב א׳ that Jacob was truthful? Gen. R. s. 78. [In later Hebrew: real.] ↗ expanded
אֲמַלְתְּרָא (μέλαθρον) main-beam of the ceiling, ceiling; beam projecting outside the house, cornice. Erub. 3ᵃ (differ. opinions as to the meaning of our w.).—Pl. אֲמַלְתְּרָאוֹת, מַלְתְּרָאוֹת. Erub. l. c. א׳. Midd. III, 7 מ׳. ↗ expanded
אָמַםto grow dim, (in b. h. also to obscure, excel; v. infra). Sabb. 77ᵇ; Ber. 53ᵇ; Pes. 75ᵇ גחלים אוֹמְמוֹת (or עוֹמְמוֹת) dying coals (question as to spelling decided in favor of ע by reference to Ezek. XXXI, 8 ‘the cedars did not obscure him, i.e. excel his beauty). ↗ expanded
אָמַן , v. אֵם; cmp. אַמָּה) to arrange in lines, array. Ukts. II, 5 nuts שאֲמָנָן which one arranged (Var. Ar. שחמרן which one piled).—Denom. אוּמָןexpert, skilful, whence Pi. אִמֵּן, אִימֵּןto make skilful, to train. Sabb. 103ᵃ מְאַמֵּן את ידו he trains his hand (practicing). V. next w.↗ expanded
אָמֵן 1 (√אם, v. אֵם; cmp. preced.) to be strong, enduring; (act. v. אָמַןto support, v. II Kings XVIII, 16 אֹמְנוֹת).—Pi. אִימֵּן, אִמֵּןto support; trnsf. to confirm, verify, approve. Tosef. Ter. I, 4 it is not the minor that made it T’rumah אלא אביו שאִימֵּן אחריו Var. (ed. Zuck. שאומן) but his father who confirmed his act (= ib. קיים על יד); Y. ib. 40ᵇ א׳ על ידו. Ib.ᶜ top מְאַמֵּין. Nif. נֶאֱמַן (b. h.) part. נֶאֱמָן m., נֶאֱמָנֶת f. approved, trustworthy, reliable. Peah VIII, 2 נֶאֱמָנִים על וכ׳ (the poor) may be relied upon concerning garnered fruit &c., i.e. if they declare the fruits to be the poor man’s share, they are exempt from tithes. Keth. I, 6 נאמנת her statement is acted upon as true. Ab. Zar. 16ᵇ נ׳ עלי הדיין my judge is a reliable witness concerning me, i.e. I appeal to thy own judgment that I could not have engaged in such follies.—Dem. II, 2 if one resolves להיות נ׳ to be one of the reliable (conscientious in giving tithes); a. fr. to be confirmed. Y. Sot. II, 18ᵇ top אמן יֵאָמְנוּ הדברים Amen means, May the words (of the oath) be fulfilled. Hif. הֶאֱמִין (b. h.) to declare trustworthy, to trust, believe in. Dem. VII, 1 והוא אינו מַאֲמִינוֹ but he (the invited guest) trusts him not in tithe affairs. Ib. 3; a. fr.—Ab. Zar. 16ᵇ הואיל וְהֶאֱמַנְתַּנִי עליך ed. Pes., En Yak. (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note; ed. הָאֳמַנְתִּיHof.; since thou didst declare me a reliable witness unto thyself (appealing to my judgment), v. supra; [Ms. M. האמנת עלי thou reliedst on me]. Ch., v. הֵימַן. ↗ expanded
אָמֵן 2 v. preced.) firm, straight, whence Amen!, true! so may it be! Shebu. 36ᵃ א׳ בו שבועה וכ׳ in Amen is implied an oath, a promise, and a prayer for fulfillment. Ab. Zar. 65ᵃ; a. fr. fem., the response Amen. Ber. 47ᵃ א׳ חטופה an Amen hastily pronounced (’men); א׳ קטופה an Amen cut short (ame-); א׳ יתומה an orphan Amen, the responder not having heard the benediction to which the Amen refers; Tosef. Meg. IV (III), 27. ↗ expanded
אֲמָנָה v. preced.) faith, trust. B. Bath. 48ᵇ; Keth. 19ᵇ if witnesses say א׳ היו דברינו our statement (over our signatures as to having seen the loan handed over) was a matter of trust (that the negotiation would be consummated afterwards). Ib. שטר א׳ a bill of indebtedness signed on trust (that the loan would be consummated subsequently). B. Mets. 63ᵃ א׳ בפירות advanced payment at present prices for future delivery; א׳ בדמים with the option of paying the difference. Gen. R. s. 100 end, שמר א׳ to deal in good faith with. Tosef. B. Bath. V, 8 אֲמָנַת המדות honesty in measures. B. Mets. 49ᵃ מחוסרי א׳ (the way of) those lacking honesty (unfair dealing); Bekh. 13ᵇ מחוסר א׳; a. fr. faith in Providence. Mekh. B’shall. s. 6, v. הַאֲמָנָה. Sot. 48ᵇ אנשי א׳ men of faith, trusting in God; ib. קטני א׳ wanting in faith; Gen. R. s. 32 מחוסר א׳ same; a. fr. Cmp. אֱמוּנָה, הַאֲמָנָה. ↗ expanded
אֲמָנָה 2 (b. h.) Amanah, Abanah (Banas), a river crossing the city of Damascus. (Banas), a river crossing the city of Damascus. Targ. II Kings V, 12. אֲמָנָה, (אמנם) אֲמָנוֹס, אֲמָנוֹןAmanah, hellenized Amanos, Amanon &c. (Banias), a mountain range forming the northern limits of the Holy Land. Tosef. Ter. II, 12 אמנוס (Var. אמנון, סמנון). Ib. Ḥall. II, 11 אמנוס (Var. אמנון). Git. 8ᵃ ון … (Ar. אמנים, סמנים); Y. Ḥall. IV, 60ᵃ bot. אמנם (ref. to אמנה Cant. IV, 8). Shebi. VI, 1; Ḥall. IV, 8 (Ms. M. ם …); Ex. R. s. 23. v. טַוְורוֹס. ↗ expanded
*אַמְפּוּרִין (ἔμποροι) travelers, traders. Targ. Y. I Gen. XXV, 3 (a gloss to preceding תגרין; Targ. Y. II inserts אומנין for לְטוּשִׁם; h. text אַשּׁוּרִים). Ib. XLVI, 23 (h. text חשים). [Gen. R. s. 61, quoting Targ. Gen. XXV, 3, reads לופרין!] ↗ expanded
אִמְפִּילְיָא (pl. of ἐμπίλιον, impilia) (pair of) felt-shoes, in gen. shoes, socks. Kel. XXVII, 6. Yeb. XII, 1. Ib. 102ᵇ א׳ של בגד cloth-shoes; א׳ של עור leather-covered shoes; a. fr.—Pl. אִנְפִּילָאוֹת, אִנְפִּלָ׳, אִמְפִּילָיוֹת, אִנְפִּילִיןpairs of &c. Sabb. 120ᵃ; Y. ib. XVI, 15ᵈ שתי א׳ two pairs &c. Gen. R. s. 61. Yeb. 102ᵇ ↗ expanded
אַמְפְּלַי (נָפַל; cmp. אוּנְקְלַי as to form) the merchant’s money-chest into which receipts are dropped through a slit. Shebu. VII, 6 (45ᵃ) אמפלי Mish. Nap. (Ar. אמפו׳, ed. אונ׳; Y. אנ׳; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 10). Tosef. Maas. Sh. IV, 11 ed. Zuck. אינפו׳ (ed. אונקלי, אונקולין). Ib. Shebu. VI, 4 אונכלי ed. Zuck. (corr. acc.; oth. ed. אוּנְפְּלָא). Cmp. אוּנְפִּיל. ↗ expanded
אִמְפְּרָטוֹר (imperator) commander, Roman Emperor. Lam. R. to I, 5 ביבי דומיני א׳ Ar. (ed. וביבא מארי אפלטור, v. בִיבֵי) be saluted, my lord, the Emperor. Tanḥ. Mikkets, 9 אמפורטור, אומפירטור (corr. acc.) ↗ expanded
אָמַץto press, harden. אוֹמְצֵי הלב hard-hearted. Tosef. Sot. XIV, 7; v. infra. Pi. אִמֵּץ, אִימֵּץto make strong, to strengthen. Y. Taan. III, 66ᵈ all shall be מְאַמְּצִין כחך strengthening thy power (assist thee). Snh. 44ᵇ מאמץ עצמו וכ׳ who concentrates his energies for prayer. to press, close; to make impervious. Sot. 47ᵇ מאַמְּצֵי הלב those who close their hearts, the hard-hearted; v. supra. [Sabb. XXIII, 5 מאמצין את המת Y. ed. (Mish. מעמ׳, Bab. ib. 151ᵇ מעצמין, Ms. M. מעמ׳) to close the eyes of a deceased person. Tosef. ib. XVII (XVIII), 19 לעַמֵּץ ed. Zuck. (Var. לאַמֵּץ). Sabb. 77ᵇ מעמצין או מאמצין וכ׳ is m’amm’tsin (l. c.) spelt with ע or with א? Answer by ref. to עוצם Is. XXXIII, 15(!).] V. אוּמְצָא. Hithpa. הִתְאַמֵּץto be closed. Tosef. l. c. מִתְאַמְּצוֹת מאיליהן they will be closed of themselves. ↗ expanded
אֶמְצַע (v. מְצַע; √מץ; cmp. b. h. תָּוֶךְ, תֹּךְ, תְּכָכִים) [lying in a press], whence—בא׳ in the centre, between two extremes. Y. Ḥag. II, 77ᵃ bot. יהלך בא׳ he must walk between the extremes. B. Mets. 70ᵇ יד הנכרי בא׳; Y. Ab. Zar. I, 40ᵃ top אצבע הגוי בא׳ the hand [finger] of the gentile is between, i.e. he has a share in it; a. fr.—2) common fund, estate. B. Bath. X, 7 השכר לא׳ the profit belongs to the common fund. Ib. IX, 3 השביחו לא׳ they improved for the common fund, i.e. the profit must be equally divided. Ib. 144ᵇ מן הא׳ from the estate; a. fr. Cmp. מְצַע, מִיסְוָון.—[Also in Ch. Targ. Job II, 8 (Ms. מצע) Targ. Y. II, Num. XXII, 24 בא׳ between.] ↗ expanded
אֶמְצָעוּת (v. preced.) centre. Y. Snh. I, 18ᵃ bot. מ"ם באמצעותה the Mem is in the middle of the alphabet. ↗ expanded
אֶמְצָעִי (preced.) central, middle.—Erub. V, 2 הא׳ the intermediate village, opp. חיצונים; a. fr.—Shebi. III, 4 הא … ית the central part of the field, lying in the middle. Kil. IV, 8; a. fr.—Pl. אֶמְצְעִיִּים, אֶמְצְעִיִּין m.; אֶמְצְעִיֹּות f. Y. Peah II, 17ᵃ top; a. e.—Y. Ber. II, 4ᵈ bot. הא׳ (sub. ברכות) the intermediate (central) sections of the benedictions (between the first three and the last three). Kil. V, 2 הא׳ the central garden beds; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֶמְצְעִי also as a noun. Y. B. Kam. IV, 4ᵇ top I was present ברישא … ובא׳ at the discussion on the first, the last, and of the intermediate clause (or case). Ber. 3ᵃ; a. e. ↗ expanded
אָמַר 1 (a) to join, knot; to be knotted, thick; b) to heap up; c) transf. to join words, compose, cmp. דבר; d) to contract, bargain, exchange. [As to Assyr. to see, cmp. חמא.]) to speak, think, say, relate &c. … א׳ ר׳ … א׳ ר׳ Rabbi … related in the name of R. … Ber. 3ᵇ; a. v. fr.—Part. pass. אָמוּרexpression. Yoma 70ᵇ, a. fr. הוא הא׳ וכ׳ it is the same expression (‘one ram’) used here and in the Book of Numbers. Sifré Deut. s. 334, a. fr. אֱמוֹר מעתה say from now, i.e. from this draw the conclusion. Gen. R. s. 39 תאמר שהבירה וכ׳ (usu. שמא תאמר) will you say (is it possible), this castle has no commander?—אֲמוּרִים דברים במה (abbr. בד׳'א) in what case are these words said? i.e. this applies only. Ḥull. 3ᵃ; a. fr.—זאת אוֹמֶרֶת this tells, i.e. this proves. Ber. 11ᵇ; a. fr.—אָמְרוּ it is said, told &c.; v. next w.—Inf. לוֹמַר = לֵאמֹר. Ḥag. 14ᵇ; a. fr. to vow, devote. אָמוּר (לגבוה) devoted to the Lord. Succ. 55ᵇ; v. אֲמִירָה I, 3, a. אֵימוּרִים. Nif. נֶאֱמַר (b. h.) to be said, to read … נא׳ כאן … ונ׳ להלן we read here … and we read there … (the same expression is used here and there in the Scriptural text). Ber. 9ᵃ; a. v. fr.—שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (abbr. שנ׳, שנא׳) for it is said in the Scriptures (as evidence in favor of an opinion). Snh. X, 1; a. v. fr.; also כמה שנ׳ (כמו) as it is said.—מִשּׁוּם שנ׳ because it is said in the Scriptures, i.e. you may possibly be misled by a certain expression to think …, therefore another term is used in its stead in an analogous case, or added to the ambiguous word; v. שׁוּם. ↗ expanded
אֲמַר 1) as preced. 1). Targ. Gen. I, 3; a. v. fr.—א׳ מר above you quoted an authority, or, it has been stated. Ber. 2ᵃ; a. fr.—א׳ קרא the Scripture says. Ib. 13ᵃ; a. fr.—Y. Orl. III, end, 63ᵇ, a. fr. אמרונה בשם … (in Bab. heb. אֲמָרוּהָ) they said it in behalf of … i.e. as a tradition.—Y. Ber. I, 2ᵈ מילתיה אמרה his word (statement, opinion &c.) proves.—הדא אמרה = זאת אומרת; v. preced.—אַמְרֵי (h. אָמְרוּ) they say, it is said. Sabb. 19ᵃ אמרו עליו על … ואמרי לה וכ׳ it is told about R. …, and another relation refers this to R.—; a. fr.—קאמר, קאמרי &c. = קא אמר &c. Ḥull. 85ᵃ; a. fr.—מנא תימרא whence dost thou prove? Sabb. 23ᵃ; a. fr.—Inf. מֵימַר, מֵימְרָא. סבר מ׳, סבר למ׳ originally he was of the opinion. Y. Sabb. VI, 8ᶜ top; Keth. 87ᵇ; a. v. fr.—לְמֵימְרָא does this mean to say? Sabb. 15ᵇ; a. fr. לא אמרן אלא … אבל … this has been said, i.e. this applies only to a case … but if … Ber. 43ᵇ; a. fr.—כְּלוֹמַר as if saying, meaning to say, viz; v. כִּילּוּ.—Y. Kil. IV, 32ᶜ bot. אימורין לבני וכ׳ say ye to &c.—מאי איכא למימר, v. אִיכָּא; Answ. אֵימוּר say … Sabb. 6ᵃ; a. fr.—Hor. 13ᵃ א׳ כולה who orders every thing (as an etymol. of אֲמַרְכָּל).—2) to praise, proclaim. Targ. Is. VIII, 13; a. fr.—Part. pass. אָמִיר q. v. Ithpe. אִתְאֲמַר , contr. אִתְּמַר, אִיתְּ׳it is said, taught. Targ. Job XXXIV, 31.—Y. Yoma V, end, 43ᵃ אתאמרת, contr. אִתַּמְרַת it has been said with refer. to the opinion of …—אִתְּ׳, אִיתְּ׳it has been said (above);we have been taught. Succ. 15ᵃ; a. fr. Ithpa. אִתְאַמַּרsame. Targ. Gen. XXII, 14; a. e. ↗ expanded
אָמַר 2 , v. אָמַר I, a) to be thick, strong. Hif. הֶאֱמִירto thrive; to boast, vaunt, be oppressive (cmp. Ps. XCIV, 4). Sot. IX, 15 (49ᵇ) יוקר יַאֲמִיר the nobility shall be oppressive (Snh. 97ᵃ יְעַוֵּת; Der. Er. Zut. X יעוות; Cant. R. to II, 13 הווה).—*[ (denom. of מריאto fatten. Sabb. XXIV, 3 (155ᵇ) Bab. מַאֲמִירִין, Ms. Oxf., Mish. a. Y. מַמְרִים, מַמְרִין, v. מרי.] ↗ expanded
אִמְרָהspeech. *Gen. R. s. 42 play on Amraphel, א׳ אפילה (quot. in Ar. s. v. אספרון) obscure speech (ed. שהיתה אֲמִירָתוֹ אפ׳).—Pl. אֲמָרוֹת, constr. אִמְרוֹת. Pesik. Parah, p. 30ᵇ (promises); Tanḥ. Ḥukk. 4. Pesik. R. s. 14. ↗ expanded
אַמְרָפֶל (b. h.) pr. n. m. Amraphel, King of Shin’ar; v. אִמְרָה. ↗ expanded
אֶמֶשׁtwilight, evening, nightfall. Pesik. Vayhi p. 63ᵇ; Pesik. R. s. 17 מא׳ (ו)עד חצות from nightfall to midnight. (adv.) this evening, last night. Meg. 3ᵃ, a. e. א׳ ביטלתם וכ׳ this evening you neglected the evening offering.—Snh. 40ᵇ א׳ הרגו last night he killed him. B. Mets. 60ᵃ שמרים של א׳ dregs of last night (yesterday), opp. to היום; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֱמֶת (b. h.; = אמנת; אמן) truth, faith, reality. Y. Snh. XI, 30ᶜ top לחם א׳ bread of truth, unfeigned hospitality. Gen. R. s. 96 חסד של א׳ true (unselfish) charity. Y. Meg. I, 70ᵃ top כאֲמִיתָּהּ של תורה as the Law itself, i.e. as though the Scroll of Esther were the Pentateuch. Y. Shebu. VI, 37ᵃ top אֲמִיתָּן של דברים the truth of &c. Num. R. s. 12 א׳ של תורה וכ׳ the truth of the Law is a weapon (of protection) to its owner.—בא׳ אמרו in fact they said that &c. Sabb. I, 3; a. fr.—B. Mets. 60ᵃ, a. e. כל בא׳ אמרו הלכה היא wherever an opinion is introduced with the words ‘In fact they said’ it means to say that it is an established legal rule. Y. Sabb. I, 3ᵇ bot., a. e. כ׳'מ ששנו בא׳ וכ׳ wherever the Mishnah says, ‘In fact’, it indicates a rule dating from Moses on Sinai, i.e. an ancient tradition; v. Frank. Darké p. 286.—הא׳ indeed? Tanḥ. Noah, 10 (ed. Bub. 15, corr. acc.); v. אוֹנְטוֹס. ↗ expanded
אַמְּתָאcubit. Targ. Ex. XXV, 10; a. fr.—Y. Sot. VIII, 22ᶜ bot. א׳ אישתא a cubit has six hand-breadths; a. fr. membrum virile. M. Kat. 17ᵃ טרקיה אאַמְּתֵיה stung him on his membrum. trnsf. enclosure; protection (cmp. חוֹמָה). א׳ דריחיא enclosure of the millstones, mill. Ber. 18ᵇ.—Pl. אַמִּין (fr. אַמָּא). Targ. Ezek. XL, 5; a. fr. אַמָּהָתָא. Ḥull. 59ᵇ תשע א׳ nine cubits. ↗ expanded
אֲמַתְלָא (Y. מַתְלָא) m. (cmp. h. משל) something tangible (= דבר שיש בו ממש); plausible reason for correcting or retracting an evidence. Keth. 22ᵃ אם נתנה א׳ וכ׳ if she offers a reasonable explanation of her contradictory statements, her second one is accepted. Gitt. IX, 9 ובלבד שלא יהא שם א׳ provided no reasonable explanation is offered to show how the report may have arisen by mistake; a. fr. V. מַתְלָא. ↗ expanded
אֲמַתְלַאיAmathlai, legendary name of Abraham’s mother (א׳ בת כרנבו), and of Haman’s mother (א׳ בת עורביתא). B. Bath. 91ᵃ ↗ expanded
אֵמְתָן (denom. of אֵימָה; י absorbed by preceding א; cmp. next w.) one who rules through fear, tyrannical. Pl. אֵמְתָנִין. Der. Er. II, beg.; cmp. R. Hash. 17ᵃ. v. אֵימְתָן. ↗ expanded
אֶמְתָנִי (v. preced.) fear-inspiring, powerful. Dan. VII, 7 (quot. Gen. R. s. 44 אימ׳; Ex. R. s. 25 אימתנו; Lev. R. s. 13 אימ׳ a. אמ׳; Yalk. Gen. 77; Yalk. Lev. 536 אמ׳). [Ges. H. Dict. אֶמְתָּנִי, not found in editions, fr. מתןto be strong; cmp., however, אֵמְתָן a. אֵימְתָן.] [Edit. Letteris, Berl. 5644 a. m., אֵימְתָנִי.] ↗ expanded
אָן (b. h.) where? לְאָן whither. Ab. III, 1. ↗ expanded
אָן ² ; (interrog.) where? Targ. Gen. IV, 9; a. e.—Y. Yoma VIII, 44ᵈ bot. אן מן הדה (read … מן אן) wherefrom this? i.e. where is your authority? Y. Yeb. XII, 12ᵈ bot. ההן סבא לְאָן ליך of what use is this old man to thee?; a. e.—(relat.) where, wherever. Lev. R. s. 27 beg. א׳ את יהיב וכ׳ (Yalk. Ps. 727 הן) wherever thou givest, thou givest abundantly. ↗ expanded
אָנָּא (b. h.) oh! I pray. Succ. III, 9. Yoma VI, 2. ↗ expanded
אֲנָא , emph. אֲנָנָא ch. = h. אֲנִי, I. הא אנא contr. הָאנָא. Targ. O. Gen. XXII, 7; a. fr.—Ḥull. 2ᵇ א׳ וכ׳ as to myself &c. Y. Taan. IV, 68ᵈ bot. דאננא משלים וכ׳ that I myself should surrender the country.—Pl. אֲנַןwe. Targ. Y. Gen. XLIII, 8; a. e.—Ber. 49ᵇ נחזי א׳ let us see; a. fr.—אֲנַחְנָא, נַחְנָא. Targ. O. Gen. l. c.; a. fr.— ↗ expanded
אִנְבָּא 1 = אִיבָּא I, fruit, produce. Dan. IV, 9.—Targ. Job XXXI, 12; a. e. ↗ expanded
אִנְבָּא 2אִינְבָּא f. (= עִינְבָּא) [berries], eggs of lice, nits. Naz. 39ᵃ. Taan. 22ᵇ מתחזי ליה כי אנ׳ Ar. (Ms. M. ומחזי כי אינ׳, ed. מתחזי איניבא) looked as small as &c.; v. יניבא. ↗ expanded
אַנְבַּג (v. נַבְגָּא; whence ἄμβικος, ἄμβιξ, ambiga) a small cup; a measure containing one fourth of a Log. B. Bath. 58ᵇ on the gates of … it is written, אנבג אנפק וכ׳ (Ms. differ. order) Anbag, Anpak a. Antal (as the same measures). Kidd. 70ᵃ לישתי מר אנבגא will you take a cup (of wine &c.)? [Popular pronunciation: anpak.] Sabb. 109ᵇ אנפקא; a. e. ↗ expanded
אִנְבֹּול (= עִינְבֹּול, v. אִמְבֹּול) clapper of a bell.— Pl. אִנְבֹּולִים, ין … Zeb. 88ᵇ Ar. (ed. עינבלין). Tosef. Kel. B. Mets. I, 13 עשה לה האנבילים ed. Zuck. (read … להם אנבולים) if he put clappers in. Ib. אנביליהן (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
אַנְבְּטַי (נבט; = b. h. מצפה) observatory, watch-tower, battlement. Pl. אַנְבְּטָאוֹת. Ex. R. s. 12 the hailstones formed א׳ א׳ lines of battlements; (Midr. Till. to Ps. LXXVIII כותל). V. אמבוניא. ↗ expanded
*אַנְבְּטֵי (v. preced.) platforms or elevations erected for public spectacles. Yalk. Esth. 1058 all the people shall go out להדין א׳ (read להנהו א׳; Lev. R. s. 28, end להון פרטי, corr. acc.) to the spectacular elevations, for a Jew (Mordecai) is to be hanged. V. אמבוניא. ↗ expanded
אנגיטריס Y. Ter. VIII, 46ᶜ top, read אֲרוֹגְנַוְטִיס. ↗ expanded
אנגיסטור read אָנְגִּיסְטֵיר m. (ὀνυχίστηρ = ὀνυχιστήριον) knife or scissors for cutting nails. Tosef. Kel. B. Mets. III, 12 (ed. Zuck. אגניסטר corr. acc.). Nidd. 17ᵃ גנוסטרי; M. Kat. 18ᵃ גנוסטרא (Ms. M. נגוסטרי, v. Ar. s. v. גנסטר). ↗ expanded
אַנְגְּלֵי (ἄγγελοι, v. Perles Et. St. p. 113) messengers, angels. Targ. Job XV, 15; a. e. ↗ expanded
אַנְגְּרַבְטֵיס (ἀγγαρευτής, ἀγγαρευτάς) commissioner or superintendent of forced public labor; v. אַנְגַּרְיָא. Pesik. B’shall. 92ᵇ אתמני א׳ (for Var. v. Bub., note) was appointed angareutes. ↗ expanded
אַנְגַּרְיָא (ἀγγαρεία, angaria) forced labor, service, esp. seizure for public services or works. Y. Ber. I, 2ᵈ bot. איתצדית בא׳ וכ׳ I was pressed into service to carry myrtles &c. B. Mets. VI, 3 (78ᵃ) נעשית א׳ (the ass) was seized for public service. Ib. 78ᵇ בא׳ חוזרת in the case that the animal pressed into service is sent back again. Lev. R. s. 12 שמעון א׳ במדינתא they heard that seizure for public service was to take place in the country. Esth. R. introd. והלך זו א׳ hălakh (Ezra IV, 13) means angaria (v. אנגרוטינא). Snh. 101ᵇ; a. fr.—Pl. אַנְגַּרְיוֹת. Lev. R. s. 23 אע"פ שהן נגבין … וא׳ though annonæ and angariæ are collected from them. Yalk. Esth. 1051 א׳ של נשים levies of women (for the king).—Trnsf. בא׳ as a forced labor, reluctantly. Midr. Till. to Ps. CXII.—Pesik. R. s. 21 שלא באנגריס (corr. acc.) not as a forced labor. ↗ expanded
*אַנְדִּיפֵיlocks or ringlets falling from the temples. Sabb. VIII, 4 כדי לעשות א׳ enough toilet material to make side curls (Mish. Pes. אנטיפי, Nap. אנטפי, Talm. אונד׳). Ib. 80ᵇ מאי כלכול ומאי א׳ what locks are meant by kilkul, and what by andifé? Answ. the upper and the lower &c. Ib. אמר ר׳ יצהק דבי ר׳ אמי אנדיפה וכ׳ Ms. M. (ed. אלא אמר ר׳ … אמר … אאַנְדִּיפָא) R. Isaac of the school of … (in reciting that Mishnah) used the word andifah (in the sing.) upon which R. … asked ‘Will a person waste his money’ (i.e. of what use is the material for one curl so as to make a person guilty of a transgression when carrying it on the Sabbath)? Ib. מאי אנדיפא אפותא by andifa (in the sing.) is meant the lock on the forehead. Ib. מחתיה באַנְדִּיפֵיה וכ׳ Ms. M. (ed. incorr. באנדיפי) it stung him on his forehead and he died. [Rashi: = דיופי!] ↗ expanded
אַנְדִּיקוֹס , a popular corrupt. of ecdicus, v. אֶגְדִּיקוֹס a. אַנְדִּיסְקֵי. ↗ expanded
*אנדכתרי , a corruption of אוּנְדִּיקְטָא or אֲוִינְדִּיקְטָא f. (vindicta, Gr. form βινδίκτα, οὐινδίκτα) manumission of a slave by declaration before court (v. Sm. Ant. s. vv. Manumissio and Pileus). Gitt. 20ᵃ but does not go free בכתב שע"ג כיפה וא׳ (ought to have read בכיפה וא׳, v. infra) by referring to his wearing a freedman’s cap or to a vindicta; Y. ib. IV, 45ᵈ בכפה והרנירק טיאניס (read ובוינדיקטא); Treat. Abadim ch. III (ed. Kirchh.) יוצא באנטוקטא (corr. acc.). [Commentators to Gitt. l. c., misled by בכתב שע"ג וכ׳, guess at embroideries &c. V. Révue des Etudes Juives 1883, Nr. 13, p. 150.] ↗ expanded
*אַנְדְּרוֹנִיטִין (ἀνδρωνῖτις) banqueting hall, royal reception hall. Gen. R. s. 8 אדריינטיס אני עושה אותה Ar. ed. Koh. (ed. אינדרטין; corr. acc.) I shall make it into (use the vacant ground for the erection of) a banqueting hall. [The context forbids the identification of our w. with אַנְדְּרִיאַנְטוֹס.] ↗ expanded
אַנְדְּרָטָא (a. contract. of ἀνδριάς‚—άντος) statue, also portable bust, image. Targ. Esth. III, 2—5 (some ed. pl., incorr.). R. Hash. 24ᵇ a synagogue דאוקימו בה א׳ Ms. M. (ed. הוה בה א׳) in which they placed a bust (of a Persian king). Snh. 62ᵇ; a. fr.—Pl. אַנְדְּרָטֵי, אַנְדְּרָטַיָּא. Ab. Zar. 40ᵇ א׳ של מלכים royal (imperial) busts. M. Kat. 25ᵇ אתעקרו כל א׳ Ms. M. (ed. אתקציצו) all royal statues were overthrown. Y. Ab. Zar. III, 42ᶜ top. [Gen. R. s. 8 אינדרטין, v. אַנְדְּרוֹנִיטִיס.] ↗ expanded
אַנְדְּרִיאַנְטוֹס (ἀνδριάς—άντος) statue, v. אַנְדְּרָטָא. Ex. R. s. 27 נפלה … של אנדרואנטיא (read נפלטה לתוך ידו של א׳) it escaped into the hand of a (royal) statue; (v. ibid. ישבה על איקונין של מלך). Tanḥ. P’kudé, 4 אדריונטוס (corr. acc.); Ex. R. s. 51. [Gen. R. s. 8 אינדרטין, v. אַנְדְּרוֹנִיטִיס; v. Ar. s. v. אדרינטיס.] ↗ expanded
*אִנְדְּרַפְטָא (prob. Pers.) Indrafta, name of two species of birds, one called Shabur And., and permitted, the other Peruz And., and forbidden. Ḥull. 62ᵇ ↗ expanded
אַנֹּונָא (annona) prop. annual produce, hence ration, or portions of provision granted to courtiers as salaries or pensions. Gen. R. s. 47 the king מעלה לו א׳ raised an annona in his behalf, i.e. granted him a pension. Gen. R. s. 87 אני חותכת א׳ שלך Ar. (ed. פרנסה) I shall cut down (reduce) thy pension; a. fr.—Pl. אַנֹּונוֹת, אַנֹּונִיֹּות. Ex. R. s. 41 אנונית (corr. acc.). Lev. R. s. 23 נגבין אונניות (corr. acc.) annonæ are collected from them. Lev. R. s. 10 אַנֹּונִים Ar. (ed. אַנֹּונָס annonas, acc. pl., incorr. ed. אנינוס). [Cant. R. to I, 7 read אֲטוּנָס.] Cmp. אַרְנוֹן, אַרְנוֹנָא. ↗ expanded
אֱנוֹשׁ v. אינש) [being], man.— Pl. (of אִישׁ) אֲנָשִׁים, const. אַנְשֵׁי. Ex. R. s. 25; a. fr.—א׳ כנסת הגדולה (abbr. אכה"ג) the Men. of the Great Assembly, Synagoga Magna, a religious and judicial authority said to have been established by Ezra. Aboth I, 1; a. fr.; cmp. כְּנֶסֶת.—(ות) א׳ בית אב the division on duty of priests having charge of the services of the day; א׳ משמר the division of priests alternately on duty during one week; א׳ מעמד the division (of Israelites) assisting the priests on duty, by prayers &c. on the platform (מעמד) and divided in parties corresponding to the priestly divisions. Taan. II, 6; 7; a. fr. ↗ expanded
*אָנוּשׁ v. preced. a. strong, severe, overwhelming. Num. R. s. 7 (ref. to Is. XVII, 11) א׳ לשון גברanush has the meaning of strong; Lev. R. s. 18. ↗ expanded
אָנַחto press. Hithpa. הִתְאַנֵּחַ to sigh. Ber. 59ᵃ, v. next w. Yalk. Ex. 391 מִתְאַנֵּחַ על כבודו וכ׳ is anxious for the honor of the Lord &c. ↗ expanded
אֲנַחPeilאָנִיחַ, Ithpa.אִתְאַנַּח same. Targ. Lam. I, 4; 11.—Targ. Is. XXIV, 7; a. e. Contr. אִתַּנַּח. Targ. O. Ex. II, 23 late ed.—Ithpe.אִיתְּנַח, אִתְּ׳. Ber. 58ᵇ. Ib. 59ᵃ אִתְּנוּחֵי מתנח Ms. M. (ed. אנחה מִתְאַנֵּחַ) he sighs.—Pesik. R. s. 18, end; Pesik. Haom. p. 72ᵃ שרי מיתנח he began to sigh. ↗ expanded
אַנְחָתָא (אנח) sighs. Targ. Lam. I, 22. ↗ expanded
אַנְטְבִילָאBeth Ant’bila, name of a Jerusalem family. Y. Peah VIII, 21ᵃ bot. Tosef. Peah IV, 11 נבלטא ed. Zuck., אנטיבלאי &c. (Var. גבטלא, גלבטא). ↗ expanded
*אַנְטוּבִּין (ἐντύβιον, Arab. hindeb, prob. fr. נדבto flow, curl, cmp. אַנְדִּיפֵי) endive. Y. Kil. I, 27ᵃ top אנטוכין (corr. acc.). Pes. 39ᵃ הינדבי (Rashi הִינְדִּיבִי, Ms. הנדבי). ↗ expanded
אַנְטוּכִי (v. next w.) Antiochian, native of Antiochia, resident of A. Gitt. 44ᵇ אנטו׳; Tosef. Ab. Zar. III (IV), 18; Y. Gitt. IV, 46ᵃ top אנטיו׳.—Pl. ch. אַנְטוּכָאֵי. Targ. Y. Gen. X, 18 (ed. אנטכואי, אנטוכיא corr. acc.; h. text חֲמָתִי). ↗ expanded
אַנְטוּכְיָא (Ἀντιόχεια) Antioch, surnamed Epidaphnes, the capital of Syria founded by Seleucus Nicator, situated on the Orontes. Targ. Y. Num. XIII, 21; a. e. (Hamath in Bible).—Keth. 67ᵃ. Gitt. 44ᵇ; a. fr.—Y. Shek. VI, 50ᵃ bot. דפני של א׳ Daphne near Ant.; Lev. R. s. 19 כייא …the country or district of Ant., Antiochene. Y. Dem. II, 22ᵈ top; Y. Nidd. III, 48ᵃ bot.; a. e.; v. חוֹלַת, חוּלְתָּא a. חֲמַת. ↗ expanded
אַנְטוֹנִינוֹסAntoninus, a Roman emperor freq. mentioned as a friend of R. Judah Han-Nassi, and supposed to be Ant. Alexander Severus (Graetz) or Ant. Marcus Aurelius (Rap. a. oth.). Ab. Zar. 10ᵃ אסוירוס בר א׳ Severus son of A.; Ib.ᵇ A. son of Severus.—Y. Meg. I, 72ᵇ bot. אית מילין וכ׳ there is one report that A. embraced the Jewish religion, another &c.—Y. Snh. X, 29ᶜ אנטוני׳ a. אנטולי׳; cmp. Y. Kil. IX, 32ᵇ top.—Koh. R. to IX, 10 אנטלימוס וכ׳ (corr. acc.) א׳ זעירא A. junior, grandson of the former. Ibid. to X, 5.—[ (?) a Roman general mentioned in conversation with R. Joh. b. Zaccai; v. אגניטוס.] ↗ expanded
אַנְטִיגְנוֹס (Ἀντίγονος) Antigonus, A. of Sokho, disciple of Simon the Just. Aboth I, 3.—2) Bets. 34ᵃ, a. fr. R. Elazar son of A.—Tem. 21ᵃ ed. (Ar. אטיטס). [Y. Snh. I, 19ᵈ, v. אגניטוס.] ↗ expanded
אַנְטִיגְרָפִין (ἀντιγραφή) (= ἀντίγραφον) duplicate. Targ. Esth. III, 14 Mus. (ed. דיטגמא); Esth. R. to ibid. (explain. פתשגן ib.). answer to a letter. Gen. R. s. 67 הב לי א׳ Ar. (ed. אנטיגרפא, corr. פי …) give me an answer (to the emperor’s letter). Ib. הן א׳ where is the answer? ↗ expanded
אַנְטִידִיקוֹס (ἀντίδικος) opponent in a suit, in gen. adversary. Gen. R. s. 82.—Gen. R. s. 100 אנטירוקוס (corr. acc.); Pesik. Naḥa’mu p. 126ᵃ; a. fr.—Pl. אַנְטִידִיקִיןparties to a suit. Deut. R. s. 5 האנטיריקון (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
אַנְטְיוֹכוֹסAntiochos (III) of Syria. Targ. II Esth. I, 2. Gen. R. s. 23; a. e. ↗ expanded
*אנטיטיה , corruptions; read אִימַטְיָא m. pl. (pl. of ἱμάτιον) blankets used at the bath which may also serve as cloaks (v. Sm. Ant. s. v. Pallium). Y. Kil. IX, 32ᵃ bot.; Y. M. Kat. III, 82ᵃ (explain. the sort of בלנרי in question). ↗ expanded
אַנְטִיכְרִיסִיס (ἀντίχρησις) an agreement allowing the creditor the use of a pledged object (in place of interest on the loan). Y. B. Mets. VI, end, 11ᵃ הדא א׳ ריבית הוא antichresis is considered usury. ↗ expanded
אַנְטִיפַּטְרִיסAntipatris, a town north-north-west of Jerusalem, founded by Herod the Great and named after his father. Gitt. VII, 7 (76ᵃ) (the second ט freq. dropped). Y. B. Mets. VII, end, 11ᶜ. Y. Taan. IV, 69ᵇ top … פריס; a. fr. Tosef. Gitt. VII (V), 9 אנטיפרוס, פטרוס …, (corr. acc.) ↗ expanded
אַנְטִיפִּיטָא … m. (corrupt. of אַנְתּוּפָּטָא ἀνθυπατος) proconsul (residing in Cæsarea). Y. Meg. III, 74ᵃ; Y. Ber. V, 9ᵃ top; Koh. R. to III, 6. [Ib. to XI, 1 אוטפיטא, אנטפיטי and var. corrupt. in var. ed.] ↗ expanded
אַנְטִיקֵיסַר (Ἀντι-Καίσαρος) Pro-Cæsare, the highest dignitary next to the Emperor; in gen. vice-roy. Gen. R. s. 53; s. 85, end (also אנטקיס׳). ↗ expanded
אַנְטְלַיָּא (of אנטל; from which Greek ἄντλος, ἄντλον &c. and our w. ἄντλεία, antlia) baling out bilge-water, pump (with wheels and buckets). Ruth R. to II, 19 גלגל אנטי׳; Lev. R. s. 34 אנטל׳ (ed. אנטילא, corr. acc.) the pumping wheel. Tosef. Makhsh. III, 4 מפני א׳ שלהן on account of their baling machine (besprinkling the wheat). Ib. Mikv. IV, 2 אנטיליא. ↗ expanded
אַנְטַרְדּוֹס (Ἀντάραδος) Antaradus, a Syrian town opposite the Isle of Aradus. Y. Bets. III, 62ᵃ top. Y. Sabb. I, 4ᵃ bot. אנטייריס (corr. acc.).—Cmp. עַנְתּוּרְדַּיָּא.—Deriv. אַנְטְרִידָנָאֵיinhabitants of Ant. Targ. Y. II, Gen. X, 18. ↗ expanded
אנטרי Pesik. R. s. 24, p. 122ᵇ ed. Friedm. מטיילין בא׳, v. אסלטין↗ expanded
אנטרין Y. Sabb. VII, 10ᵃ bot. משקע בא׳, v. באנטרין ↗ expanded
אנטריס , prob. corrupt. of אַנְטִיפַּטְרִיס q. v. Y. Gitt. IV, 46ᵃ א׳ שרי if a slave escaped to A., he may be extradited; v. אוֹנִי II. ↗ expanded
אני (= b. h. ינה, sec. r. of און, cmp. אָנַן a. b. h. ענה); Pi. (אִנָּה) אִינָּהto press, wrong, oppress; to impose, overreach in dealing, v. אוֹנָאָה. B. Mets. 59ᵇ המְאַנֶּה את הגר he who wounds a stranger’s (proselyte’s) feeling. Ib. 49ᵇ תן לי מה שאִינִּיתָנִי return to me the amount with which thou hast overreached me. Ib. 50ᵃ top מה שאניתני (Ms. R. 1 שנִתְאוֹנַנְתִּי, v. infra). Ib. 51ᵃ שאניתני (Ms. M. שאֲנַנְתָּנִי, fr. אָנַן; Mish. ib. IV, 2 שאוֹנִיתָנִי, v. אוֹנָאָה, Ms. R. 1 שהוֹנִיתָנִי, v. הוֹנָאָה, Ms. R. 2 שאונתני, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note). Nithpa. נִתְאַנֶּהto be overreached. Ib. 49ᵇ מי נ׳ which of them has been overreached? Ib. 50ᵇ מי שנ׳ (Ms. M. מִתְאוֹנֶה); a. fr. [Nithpol. of אנן, נִתְאוֹנֵן, v. supra.] [In. Y. אוֹנָה, v. אוֹנָאָה.] ↗ expanded
אֲנִי , v. אָנֹכִי) I. Succ. 53ᵃ; a. v. fr.—[Ib. IV, 5 אני והו (Y. והוא), reverential transcription of אנא יהוה, to avoid the utterance of the Tetragrammaton.]—Pl. אָנוּ. Keth. I, 6; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אַנְיָאקָא (v. אוּנְיָיקִי) an abbreviation of בית אונייקי, Bithynia, a district of Asia Minor. B. Mets. 46ᵇ דינר א׳ the Denars issued in Bithynia; v. אַנִּגְרָא for var. lect. ↗ expanded
אניגרון Pes. 112ᵇ, a word in a charm formula against thirst (var. lect. Rabb. D. S. a. l.), prob. = next w.↗ expanded
אֶנִּיגָרוֹן (ἐλαιόγαρον, נ corrupt. for ל) a sauce of oil and garum (to which wine is sometimes added). Ber. 35ᵇ sq. א׳ מיא וכ׳elaiogaron contains the juice of beets; oxygaron the sauce of all kinds of boiled vegetables. Yoma 76ᵃ. Shebu. 23ᵃ ודילמא ע"י א׳ perhaps if used as an admixture to elaiogarum? Tosef. Bets. II, 16 א׳ ואכסיגרון ועליהן וכ׳ (Y. Bets. II, end, 61ᵈ אינגורין ובתוכן וכ׳, corr. acc.; cmp. Rashi to Shebu. l. c.). Tosef. Ter. IX, 10; 12; Shebi. VI, 3. Koh. R. to I, 18 אגרטין (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
אֲנִינָה (אָנַן) grief, retired mourning, esp. the status of the mourner between death and burial of a kinsman, contrad. to אֲבֵילָה, אֲבֵילוּת. Lam. R. introd. (R. Abbahu 4) א׳ מבפניםăninah is indoor (retired) grief. Y. Hor. III, 48ᵃ top איזהו א׳ וכ׳ what is ăninah?—The time from death to &c. Y. Pes. VII, 35ᵃ top אֲנִינַת לילה תורה observance of ăninah by night is biblical. Gen. R. s. 85 he is named Onanשהביא א׳ לעצמו because he brought mourning over his early death. ↗ expanded
אֲנִינוּת f. same. Kidd. 80ᵇ; a. fr. in Babli. ↗ expanded
אֲנִיסִין (v. נִיסוֹס; νῆσος) islands. Tosef. Ter. II, 12; Ḥall. II, 11; (also נסין a. ניסין; Y. Shebi. VI, 36ᵈ ניסים; Gitt. 8ᵃ נסין). ↗ expanded
אֲנִיסְכָּא com. (v. נִיסְכָּא) made of cast metal, opp. ארוקתא of wrought or stretched metal. Sabb. 59ᵇ דא׳ כ"ע וכ׳ (Rashi ed. דניסכא) as to those made of cast metal there is no difference of opinion. Ib. א׳ עיקר (prob. to be read מיקר, v. Ms. M.) what is made of cast metal is more precious (original). ↗ expanded
אָנִיץ (אנץ, ענץ, sec. r. of אוץ, עוץ) [tight bundle], only in pl. const. (עֲ) פשתן אֲנִיצֵיflax-stalks after they are soaked, beaten and baked. B. Mets. II, 1 (21ᵃ). Y. Succ. I, 52ᵇ bot.; Bab. Succ. 12ᵇ (Ar., Ms. M., Tosef. ib. I, 6 עניצי); a. fr. V. אוּנִין. ↗ expanded
אֲנִיקָא (אנק) trouble, affliction. Targ. Y. Gen. XXII, 20; a. e.—Pl. אֲנִיקֵי, אֲנִיקִין (often used as a singular). Targ. Lev. XXI, 10 (affliction by death in the family); a. e. Cmp. אֲנַנְקָא. ↗ expanded
אָנַךְ (sec. r. of אך, cmp. חנך) to rub, polish, finish, esp. to glaze vessels, to line (with onyx). Tosef. Kel. B. Mets. I, 3 כלים … שאֲנָכָן באנך וכ׳ (or שאִנְּכָןPi.) clean vessels which one lined with unclean glaze (onyx); v. אָנָךְ. (cmp. חֲכָךְ) to make sore, to grieve. Denom. אַךְ II. ↗ expanded
*אֲנָךְ 1 (preced. 2)) grief, wrong. B. Mets. 59ᵃ all gates are sometimes closed except the gates (of prayer) of those wronged by men (v. אוֹנָאָה), for it says, (Amos VII, 3) “Behold the Lord stands on the wall of anakh and in his hand he holds anakh (oppression).” Ib. אונאה דכתיב ובידו א׳ the Lord hears the prayer of the wronged, for it says &c.; v. אוֹנָיָתָא. ↗ expanded
אֲנָךְ 2 prob. fr. a demonstr. אן, cmp. הן, דּוּךְ &c., a. אֲנִי, אָנֹכִי) plummet, plumb-line. Lev. R. s. 33, beg. a. e. א׳ זה סנהדרי וכ׳ by the plummet (Amos VII, 7) the Great Sanedrin are meant whose number (71) corresponds with the numerical value of אׄנׄךׄ. ↗ expanded
אָנָךְ (אָנַךְ) ) Onyx Agate, a semipellucid stone of a fine flinty texture. Ab. Zar. 8ᵇ Ar. אנך (ed. אינך). a variety of gypseous alabaster, onyx; a glaze. Ib. 11ᵇ ומחפין … בא׳ Ar. (ed. באי׳) the streets are paved with &c. (for the procession). Tosef. Kel. B. Mets. I, 3, v. אָנַךְ. Lev. R. s. 33 nothing makes the kettle durable אלא אֲנָכָהּ וכ׳ but its glaze lining; so says the Lord אֲנָכְכֶם וכ׳ I am your lining (stay) in trials (incorr. in some ed. a. Ar. s. v. נך). ↗ expanded
אָנֹכִי v. אֲנָךְ II; cmp. אִינָּךְ) I. Pesik. R. s. 21, v. אָנוֹךְ. Sabb. 105ᵃ א׳ נוטריקון anokhi may be interpreted as an acrostichon אׄנא נֹפשי כׄתבית יׄהבית I myself have written, have given (the Law). Pesik. Baḥod. p. 109ᵇ; v. אָנוֹךְ.—Pl. אֲנַחְנוּ, נַחְנוּ. Ber. 14ᵇ; a. fr. V. אֲנִי, אָנוּ. ↗ expanded
אַנְלוֹגִין (ἀναλογεῖον) reading desk, pulpit. Kel. XVI, 7 Ar. אנלגין (Var. in R. S. אנליגין, ed. אנגלין; corr. acc.). Y. Meg. III, 73ᵈ bot. אנג׳, אינג׳ (corr. acc.). Tosef. Kel. B. Kam. II, 3 או לולגין פרוס׳ וכ׳ ed. Zuck. (Var. אלו לגין, ed. אולו לוגין read אנאלוגין; used as fem.) a reading desk spread out is clean, folded together is unclean (susceptible of levitical uncleanness). ↗ expanded
אָנַן , v. אָוֶן) to press, oppress, wrong, v. אָנָה.—אוֹנָן one who feels grieved, mourner, esp. Onan, mourner before the burial of a kinsman, contrad. to אָבֵל; v. אֲנִינָה. M. Kat. 14ᵇ מקדיב א׳ may officiate at sacrifices though being an Onan.—Pl. אוֹנָנִין. Snh. 47ᵇ לא היו מתאבלין אלא א׳ they observed no mourning ceremonies but lived in silent and retired mourning.—Fem. אוֹנֶנֶת. Keth. 53ᵃ.—Denom. אָנִיןcomplaining, fastidious, feeble. Pl. אֲנִינֵי הדעתfastidious of taste, easily taking an aversion, delicate. Pes. 113ᵇ. Cmp. אִיסְתְּנִיס. Nithpa. נִתְאוֹנֵןto feel wronged, complain of being overreached, v. אָנָה. ↗ expanded
אֲנַןto be grieved, to mourn. Targ. Koh. VII, 4.—Denom. אָנִין; f. אֲנִינָא, with דעתא = h. אָנִין, v. preced. Ḥull. 112ᵃ א׳ דעתיה he was fastidious, delicate. Ber. 24ᵇ; B. Bath. 23ᵃ א׳ דעתאי I am &c. ↗ expanded
אֲנַנְקָא (= אֲנַקָּא, נ inserted; אנק) = אֲנִיקָא. Targ. Y. Gen. XXXVIII, 25 אננקִי my distress.— Pl. אֲנַנְקֵי troubles. Targ. II, Esth. V, 1. Targ. Y. II, Gen. XXII, 14 (Y. I אֲנִיקֵי). Cant. R. beg. none tells א׳ דידיה (some ed. אונ׳) his troubles except after his release; Koh. R. to I, 12 אנוקי, read אֲנִיקֵי.—Targ. Y. II, Gen. XXXVIII, 25 אֲנִינְקֵי Ar. the distressed (ed. עייקיא). Cmp. עוק a. deriv. ↗ expanded
אֲנַנְקָתָא (= h. אֲנָקָה II, נְאָקָה) a full grown camel. Midr. Till. to CIV, 24 and the lion took pity on him (the dog), for she (the camel), (read דהיא) is a friend of the lion, וכלבא סעדא דא׳ and the dog is a friend of the camel; Yalk. ib. 862 אקנקיתא, אקניקתא, Zay. Raan. a. l. אַנְקִיתָא. ↗ expanded
אָנַסto bend, force; to do violence; to outrage &c. Ḥull. 45ᵃ א׳ בסימנים if one in cutting presses the windpipe and gullet out of their natural position. Ib. אָנְסָה עצמה if the animal strained its neck so as to dislocate the organs. Gitt. 44ᵇ; Ḥull. 131ᵃ הרי שאָנְסוּ וכ׳ if royal officers took forcible possession of (seized,) his barn. Keth. III, 4 האוֹנֵס he who violates a woman. Part. pass. f. אֲנוּסָהan outraged woman. Y. Yeb. VI, 7ᶜ; a. fr.—Masc. אָנוּסthe victim of an accident, unavoidably prevented. Ned. 27ᵃ א׳ רחמנא וכ׳ the Merciful (the Law) acquits from responsibility him who is the victim of an unavoidable accident; a. fr. Pi. אַנַּסto violate. Num. R. s. 14 לאַנְּסָהּ to violate her. Nif. נֶאֱנַסto be forced, overcome, to meet with an accident. Ber. 13ᵇ נ׳ בשינה overcome by sleep. Ḥull. 31ᵃ נֶאֶנְסָה וטבלה if she dipped in the water by an accident Ib. 45ᵃ ובלבד שלא תֵּאָנֵס provided the animal is not forced so that its organs be dislocated. Keth. I, 10 נאנסה she was outraged; a. v. fr. ↗ expanded
אֲנַס , fut. יֵינַס ch. same; to take by force, snatch, rob. Targ. II Sam. XXIII, 21; a. fr. to oppress, rob (h. עשק). Targ. I Sam. XII, 3; 4; a. fr.—Arakh. 16ᵃ ואזלין ואנסין ליה and they (violent men) go and rob him (or force him to feed them, v. Rashi a. l.). Lev. R. s. 34 (אַנְסִינוֹן) אַנְסִינָן אקימנן וכ׳ he forced them, made them managers of public charities. (cmp. ענש) to distrain, fine. Targ. Amos. IV, 2; a. fr.; v. אָנוֹסָא. to urge, press; restrain. B. Bath. 57ᵇ one must למַינַס נפשיה restrain himself (turn his eyes away forcibly). Ḥull. 133ᵃ א׳ ליה עידניה time pressed him.—Part. pass. אָנִיס 1) wronged &c. Targ. Hos. V, 11; a. e.—2) unavoidably prevented, forced, v. preced. Naz. 23ᵃ מינס א׳ he had no will of his own (being drunk). Ned. 27ᵇ; a. fr. Af. . אוֹנֵיסto oppress. Targ. Jer. VII, 6 (h. text ינה). Ithpe. אִתְאֲנֵס, אִתְאֲנִיס , contr. אִיתְּנִיס. to be robbed; to be fined, (of official extortion); &c. Targ. Is. XXI, 2. Lev. R. s. 34 דאנון מארסוון (read דאתון מִתְאַנְּסוּן or דאינון מאנסכון; Yalk. Lev. 665 דאתון מזדמיין, v. זמי) that you will lose through extortion &c. to meet with an accident, be unavoidably prevented. Ned. 27ᵃ איתניס ולא אתא he met with an accident and did not come in time. Ib. והא מֵינַס איתניס was he not unavoidably prevented (since he died during the appointed time)? Keth. 16ᵇ אִתְּנוּסֵי הוא דאתניסו they were prevented from forming the bridal procession [prob. alluding to government interference; Rashi: through excessive drinking]. [איתניס to grow ill, v. אִיתְנִיס a. נְסַס.] ↗ expanded
אַנָּס (preced. ws.) one who acts violently, a violent man. B. Bath. 45ᵃ סתם נכרי א׳ הוא as a rule the gentile is violent (lawless). Y. Kidd. I, 60ᶜ top.—Pl. אַנָּסִין אַנָּסִים. Ḥull. 94ᵇ מפני הא׳ on account of the lawless (among the gentiles).—Esp. (law) Annas, one who is in possession of property bought from one who obtained it by force or consfiscation, owner of reclaimable property. Kil. VII, 6 (5) הא׳ שזרע וכ׳ if an Annas put seeds into a vineyard (creating Kilayim), and it is reclaimed. Ib. from what time and onward נקרא א׳ is one called an Annas (who may consider himself in undisturbed possession)? Answ. משישקע (v. Y. ib. 31ᵃ) from the time the name of the original owner is sunk (when the property is no longer named after him).—Pl. as above. Y. Succ. IV, beg. 54ᵇ, v. הֶפְקֵר. ↗ expanded
אַנְפָּא (more freq. אַפָּא q. v.) face, front; freq. in pl. אַנְפֵּי. Targ. Ps. LXXXIV, 10; a. fr. with prep. ב, in sight of, before. B. Mets. 86ᵃ לבבא באנפיה … he locked the door before him.—Pl. בְּאַנְפֵּי (Targ. also על א׳). Targ. Y. Gen. XXIII, 10; a. e.—Ḥull. 121ᵃ בא׳ נפשיח (= h. בפני עצמו) for itself, singly. Targ. Y. Deut. I, 6; a. e.—B. Mets. 22ᵇ.—Keth. 7ᵇ באנפייהו in their presence; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אַנְפֹּורָא (ἀναφορά) official return. Pl. אַנְפֹּורָאוֹת. Pesik. Shek. p. 18ᵇ עשה שתי א׳ made out two military returns (census); Num. R. s. 2 אנפריאות; Pesik. R. s. 11 אפונראות (corr. acc.). [Not to be confounded with אַנְפָּרִיֹּות, pl. of אַנְפָּרוּת.] ↗ expanded
אַנְפֹּורְיָא (ἐμπορία) journey for business, traffic, trade; also merchandise. כלי א׳ merchant’s implements (straps, poles &c. for carrying goods). B. Mets. II, 2 כלי א׳ אינו וכ׳ merchant’s implements (if found) need not be publicly announced (for return to the owner). Ib. 23ᵇ sq.; Y. B. Mets. II, beg. 8ᵇ; Tosef. ib. II, 1 (definit. of our w.). Midr. Till. to Ps. CXVIII, 20 התקין א׳ שלו arranged his journey with the caravan. [Also אַנְכֹּורְיָה.] ↗ expanded
אָנְפַּקִּינוֹן (ὀμφάκινον, sub. ἔλαιον) oil made of unripe olives. Targ. Esth. II, 12 אַנְפֵּ׳.—Pes. 43ᵃ אנפיקנין (Ms. M. אנפיקנון). Men. VIII, 3; a. e.—Gen. R. s. 98 טן … (corr. acc.). Cant. R. to IV, 8 איפק׳ (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
*אָנְקִטְמִין (a contr. of אנק קטמין, or לולי קטמין, v. אונקלי a. its bibl. equivalent לוּלַי) loop or hook for stumped limbs, a sort of artificial arm (or leg; v. infra). Sabb. VI, 8 א׳ טהורין Mishn. a. Y. (Bab. ed. 66ᵃ לוק׳) an artificial arm (for carrying burdens) is not susceptible to levitical uncleanness, but you must not wear it in walking in the street on the Sabbath (because it is intended for carrying burdens). Y. ib. 8ᶜ bot. (R. Abbahu explains our w.) חמרא די ידיא, אוֹנוֹס קִטְמִין Ar. (read two words; ed. הונים, corr. acc.) the ὄνος (ass, i.e. pulley) of the stump-handed,—a hand-pulley (ass); Bab. a. l. R. Abbahu (leaving out the etymology) חמרא דאכפא a pulley for loads, v. אַכְפָּא. Oth. opin. ibid. קשירי stilts (artificial legs); (פדאמי) פרמא q. v.—V. Kel. XV, 6 נִיקַטְמוֹן. [The definitions by Ar. a. Rashi, referring to implements of public entertainments, are not in keeping with the preceding proposition of the Mishnah.] ↗ expanded
*אנקלווסים , read אִנְקְוִוילִינָטוּס m. (inquilinatus, v. Makeld. Roman Law, ed. Dropsie, § 408) the lessee’s right of dwelling, lease. Y. B. Mets. VIII, end, 11ᵈ, let him stay עד ימלא א׳ דידיה until his lease expires. ↗ expanded
אֶנְקְלוּמָא (ἐκκαλοῦμαι) I appeal. Deut. R. s. 9; Koh. R. to VIII, 8 לומר … א׳ to say before the Lord, ‘I appeal against thy decision.’ V. next w.↗ expanded
אֶנְקְלִיטוֹן (ἡ ἔκκλητος, v. Sm. Ant. s. v. Appellatio) appeal from the decision of a court. Gen. R. s. 49 תולין לו א׳ one is permitted to hang up against him i.e. to announce, an appeal—from the dux &c. Deut. R. s. 9 ליתן לפניו אנקליטין (read ליתלות a. טון …); Koh. R. to VIII, 8 שיתלה א׳ to appeal from his decision. Tanḥ. Thazr. 7 שלא ירננו עליו אונק׳ וכ׳ (ed. Bub. 9 יתנו, read יתלו). V. next w. ↗ expanded
*אנקליטון , Mus. אנקלימון, read אֶנְקְלֵימָטִין m. pl. (ἔγκλημα, … ατα) written complaints, charges. Deut. R. s. 2; Yalk. Gen. 77; Yalk. Ex. 167 נתפס בא׳ has been arrested on charges. ↗ expanded
אֶנְקְלַסְיָא (a corruption of ἐνεχυρασία) taking property in pledge, writ of seizure = אַדְרַכְתָּא. Tosef. B. Mets. I, 7 אונקליטיא וכ׳ ed. Zuck. (Var. אונקילוסיא, corr. acc.) when a writ of seizure is found, if the debtor admits its correctness, it must be returned to the creditor; if not, it must be returned to neither. Ib. B. Bath. XI, 5 אנקלסיא וכ׳ (אינ׳, אונ׳) a writ of seizure may be written out without notifying the creditor, but not without notifying the debtor and giving him time to protest; v. B. Kam. 112ᵇ). ↗ expanded
אַנְתְּ com. (= h. אַתָּה, אַתְּ) thou. Dan. II, 29; a. e.—Targ. freq.—Sabb. 30ᵃ א׳ שלמה thou, O Solomon! Ned. 91ᵇ אי א׳ לא if it was not thou. B. Mets. 26ᵇ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אַנְתְּרוֹפִּיanthropeus (man), an assumed form for ἄνθρωπος, for the purpose of deriving another assumed form (אַנְתְּרוֹפִּיָּא) anthropeia (woman). Gen. R. s. 18; s. 31 did you ever hear people say gynios and gyneia (from γύνη, woman), or anthropeus, anthropeia, gabra (man) gabratha (woman)? but you do say (in Hebrew) ish and ish-sha, both of the same root (as an evidence of the primitiveness of the Hebrew language). ↗ expanded
אִנְתְּתָא (אִתְּתָא) woman, wife. Targ. Job XXV, 4; a. fr.—Lev. R. s. 37, beg.; a. fr.—Yeb. 45ᵇ … made a gentile woman perform the immersion לשם א׳ as a woman (after menstruation, not as a proselyte). ↗ expanded
אִס־ a formative syllable, v. אִיס־. Words not found under אִס־ should be looked for under אִיס־. ↗ expanded
אַסָּא (?) (infin. of אסי, as noun) healing, remedy. Targ. Jer. XIV, 19 (Regia אַסּוּ). Targ. II. Chr. XXI, 18 דְּלֵית א׳ incurable↗ expanded
אַסָּא ² (preced.) physician. Targ. O. Ex. XV, 26 אַסָּךְ (אָסָךְ); Y. אַסְאָךְ thy &c. V. אָסֵי, אַסְיָא. ↗ expanded
אָסָא 3 (contr. of אדסא, v. הדס) myrtle. Targ. II, Esth. II, 7; a. e. R. Hash. 23ᵃ הדס א׳ hadas (Is. XLI, 19) is asa. Pes. 56ᵃ א׳ רדא׳ Ar., Ms. O. (ed. דרא) fresh (moist) myrtle. Ber. 9ᵇ דאמטיית א׳ וכ׳ you had to carry a myrtle-tree to the palace (when forced into public labor, v. אַנְגַרְיָא). Snh. 44ᵃ (prov.) א׳ דקאי ביני וכ׳ a myrtle between willows still is a myrtle by name, and people call it a myrtle.—Pl. אָסַיָּא. Targ. Esth. VIII, 15.—Nidd. 37ᵃ (Rashi, sing.) ↗ expanded
*אָסָא (v. אסי, cmp. יָשִׁישׁ, יָשָׁן, אשונא &c.) old. Gitt. 69ᵃ א׳ כלבא (Ar. אשא) old dog (in a charm formula); v. אכסא. Cmp. Assyr. āsi Kalbi, V, R. 8, 12. ↗ expanded
אַסְדָּא (v. סַד) logs joined together, raft. Ber. IV, 6 באסדא (Ar. סדה, Ms. F. אסכדרא, read אסכדיא; v. infra). Y. ib. 8ᶜ היא א׳ היא אסכדיא וכ׳ asda, iskhadia (σχεδία) and rafsodoth are the same. Zab. III, 1 אסדה. Neg. XII, 1 אסדה Ar. (ed. אסקריה, Var. אסכדיא; v. אַכְסַנְדַּרְיָּא). ↗ expanded
אַסְהָדוּתָא (סהד) attestation, statement of an eye-witness. Tem. 18ᵇ מאי אסהדותיה what is the object of his statement? Ber. 14ᵇ. Yeb. 64ᵇ ↗ expanded
אַסְוֵירוֹסSeverus, prob. Alexander Severus, Roman emperor. Ab. Zar. 10ᵃ. Nidd. 45ᵃ. v. אַנְטוֹנִינוֹס. ↗ expanded
אָסוֹן , v. אנס) accident. Mekh. Mishp., N’zik. s. 8 אין א׳ אלא מיתה under accident is meant death (ref. to Gen. XLII, 38). ↗ expanded
אֲסוּפֹּותgatherings of scholars, councils. Y. Snh. X, 28ᵃ bot. Num. R. s. 14. Snh. 12ᵃ בעלי א׳ Sanedrin. ↗ expanded
אֲסוּפִי (אסף) foundling. Kidd. IV, 1 (69ᵃ) א׳ כל שנאסף וכ׳ăsufi is a child taken up from the street, whose father and mother are unknown, contrad. to שְׁתוּקִי q. v.—Ib. 73ᵃ if this be so א׳ אסופית לא ישא a male foundling ought not to marry a female foundling. B. Mets. 87ᵃ ↗ expanded
אָסוּרprisoner. Pl. אֲסוּרִים, אֲסוּרִין.—בית הא׳ (b. h.) prison. Gen. R. s. 91; a. fr. [Part. of אָסַר, q. v., forbidden.] ↗ expanded
אָסוּתָא (אסי) cure, remedy. Targ. Is. LVIII, 8. Targ. Gen. III, 6. (some ed. O. אִיסוּ); a. fr. B. Mets. 86ᵃ top ואסו דרבי וכ׳ and Rabbi’s cure shall be effected through him. B. Kam. 85ᵃ, a. fr. מאי אֲסוּתֵיה what is the remedy for it? Sabb. 110ᵃ perhaps the Rabbis’ snake (excommunication) has bitten him דלית ליה א׳ for which there is no remedy.—Pl. אַסְוָון. B. Bath. 58ᵇ בריש כל א׳ אנא חמר I, the wine, stand at the head of all medicines.—אַסְוָותָא. B. Mets. 113ᵇ אַסְוָתַיְיהוּ remedies for them. Lev. R. s. 37 אסוותך (read אֲסוּתָךְ). ↗ expanded
אַסְחָרוּתָא (סחר) sitting around the table, banqueting. Targ. I Kings X, 5. Targ. I Sam. IX, 12 בית א׳ the place of feasting (h. text במה); a. e. ↗ expanded
אִסְטַגְיוֹת (סגי, סוג) rims, mouldings around a stove. Kel. VIII, 9; cmp. לִזְבֵּז, שָׂפָה, שָׂפִית.—Y. Ab. Zar. II, 42ᵃ bot. הן ספיות הן א׳ ed. Zyt. (oth. ed. אסטיות) s’fiyoth and istagioth are the same; cmp. R. S. to Kel. l. c. [Tosef. Kel. B. Kam. VI, 17. ליזבז … סטאנאות … ספיות ed. Zuck. (Var. ספונאות, R. S. l. c. סטייאות), prob. corrupt. of סְטַגְיָאוֹת.] ↗ expanded
אִסְטַגְנֵין (Ispe. noun of סִגְנוֹן) observer of constellations, astrologer. Pl. אִסְטַגְנִינִין, constr. אִסְטַגְנִינֵי &c. Sot. 12ᵇ; 36ᵇ; Ber. 4ᵃ; a. fr. Snh. 49ᵃ, v. אִסְטַגְנִינוּת. ↗ expanded
אִסְטַגְנִינוּת (v. preced.) astrological speculation, planetary constellation. Sabb. 156ᵃ נסתכלתי באיצ׳ וכ׳ ed. (Ms. M. באס׳) I looked at my constellation. Ib. צא מא׳ וכ׳ give up thy astrological speculations, for Israel stands not under planetary influences. Yoma 28ᵇ; a. fr.—Snh. 49ᵃ עדיין א׳ של דוד עומדת Ar. ed. pr., Ms. Oxf. (ed. אצטגניני … קיימין) David’s star stands as yet (has not yet gone down). ↗ expanded
אִסְטוֹמְכָא (στόμαχος) prop. orifice, esp. stomach. Lev. R. s. 4 the food goes מוישטא לא׳ from the gullet into the stomach. Koh. R. to VII, 19 (incorr. order). ↗ expanded
אִסְטַכְטוֹן (στακτόν, sub. ἔλκιον) oil that runs off without pressing, virgin oil. Lev. R. s. 5 שמן אסטכ׳ Mus., ed. אסטק׳ (Ar. אסתק׳); Num. R. s. 10 אנטכנון; Cant. R. to IV, 8 אפוקסנין, אפי׳ (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
*אִסְטְכִיוָא com., pl. אִסְטְכִיוַיָּא (אִסְטְכִיוָן Ar.) (Ispe. noun of שכי, סכי; cmp. b. h. שְׂכִיָּה, מַשְׂכִּית) prop. embroidered figures; hence embroidered girdle. Gen. R. s. 19 (ref. to Gen. III, 7) various girdles סדינים, א׳ גליון (Var. גליונים, Ar. ed. Koh. גולין) embroidered girdles (or girdle), wrapping belts, and white linen belts; v. גִּלְיוֹן 3). [Pl. in sing. sense, v. גִּלְגַּלִּין.] ↗ expanded
אִסְטְלָא (Ispe. noun of טל, טלל; cmp. טַלִּית) robe, garment. Targ. Y. Gen. IX, 23; a. fr.—Sabb. 128ᵃ א׳ הראוייה לו a robe becoming his position. M. Kat. 28ᵇ (prov.) שיול א׳ וכ׳ the grave is a fine robe for the freeman whose outfit is complete (well becoming old and virtuous age). B. Mets. 17ᵃ; a. e.—Pl. אִסְטְלִין, אִסְטְלֵי, אִסְטַלְוָון, אִצְ׳ &c. א׳ דלבושיןa suit of clothes. Targ. Gen. XLV, 22; (ed. Berl. אוּסְטְלַוָּן; ib. Y. אסטלוי ולבוש, read אסטלי דלבוש).—Y. Ber. III, 6ᵈ bot. (v. margin. note ed. Krot.). M. Kat. 24ᵃ. Y. Snh. X, 29ᵇ. Koh. R. to XI, 1 א׳ דלבושן v. supra.—Cmp. אִסְטַלִּית.—[Y. Shek. III, 47ᶜ bot. אסטלי של זהב, read אִיסְטְרֵי; v. אִיסְתִּירָא.] [Although our w. coincides, in meaning and sound, with στολή in its poëtic and older sense as ‘an outfit’, yet the form of its Hebrew equivalent (אסטלית) and the laws regulating the borrowing of words, as well as its appearance in so remote a dialect as the Mandaic (as עצטלא) forbid the derivation from the Greek.] ↗ expanded
אִסְטַלִּי (טלל, v. preced., = אִטְלֵיס q. v.) resting place, road-station. Y’lamd. to Deut. IV, 30 (quot. in Ar.) עשה אסטולי וכתוב וכ׳ he put up a station for travellers, over which was written, “When this people shall go up &c.” (I Kings XII, 27).—Pl. אִסְטַלִּיוֹת (fr. אִסְטַלִּית). Num. R. s. 23 העמד להם א׳ put up for them (the unintentional murderers fleeing to the place of refuge) resting stations ובכל א … יות וכ׳ (read אסטלית or אסטל) and let there be an inscription over each of them &c. Tanḥ. Masé 11; ed. Bub. 8; אִיטְלִיסִיּוֹת, אִיטְלֵיס.—Y’lamd. to Deut. III, 9 עמון ומואב עשו אִיסְטְלִים Am. a. Moab erected resting stations for the passing Israelites (quot. in Ar. s. v. ארך 5). ↗ expanded
אִסְטְלִי (a corruption of אֶפִּיסְטוֹלִי q. v.) letter, dying injunction. Pl. אִסְטְלִיּוֹת. לִיאוֹת … Y. Sot. VII, 21ᵈ bot. וא׳ שנתן להם משה and (the stones containing) the dying injunctions of Moses (Deut. XXVII, 8); (cmp. Bab. Sot. 35ᵇ). Gen. R. s. 74 end Ar. (ed. a. Var. in Ar. אפיסטולי). *Midr. Sam. ch. XI (ref. to the five verses I Sam. IV, 13—17) הכן לא הוה ליה טופרין או חמשה איסטולין (read סופרין?) ממחינון חמשה אלא וכ׳ indeed so, not five pencils (writers?) or five messages could kill him, but over the news of the captured ark his neck was broken. [Others read אִיסְטִילִין (stili) styles used for writing on waxen tablets]. ↗ expanded
אִסְטַלִּית (טלל, v. אִסְטְלָא, טַלִּית)wardrobe, esp. festive suit. Yoma VII, 1 א׳ לבן a suite of white color. Gitt. VII, 5 אִצְטַלִּיתִי Mish. (Bab. ib. 74ᵃ אִיצְטַלָּתִי, fr. אִיצְטַלָּה) my suit. Ib. 74ᵇ איצטלתא דוקא (read תִי … or … תוֹ). Y. ib. 49ᵃ top כאיצטלות (read לית …). station, v. אִסְטַלִּי. ↗ expanded
אִסְטְמָא (Ispe. noun of אסם = חסם, v. חִיסּוּם, the h. equiv. of our w.) forging steel, steel-edge. Ber. 62ᵇ כא׳ לפרזלא (Ms. M. אסטימא read אִסְטוּמָא, Ms. O. סטומא, Var. אִצְ׳, אִיצְ׳) what the steel edge is to the iron. frontlet, v. אִיסְטְמָא. a word in a charm formula. Sabb. 67ᵃ, v. איסטמאה ↗ expanded
אִסְטַנְדְּרָא (Pers. ustâd-dâr, ustadâr, Perl. Et. St. p. 104) major domus, vice-roy. Gitt. 80ᵇ לשום אסט׳ וכ׳ ed. (Ar. אסת׳) in the name of the governor of &c. Kidd. 72ᵇ איסת׳ דמישן the governor of Meshan. ↗ expanded
*אִסְטָנִית (סטן = שׂטן; cmp. אִיסְטַטָּנִית) a system of information, sycophancy. Macc. I, 5 (5ᵃ) אסטנית היא זו Ms. M. (ed. איסטטית, Mish. אסטס׳, Y. ed. 1, 7 איסטיסית) this endless prosecution of witnesses on the information by other witnesses testifying to an alibi would be regular sycophancy. [Maim. reads אסטיסית.] Tosef. Macc. I, 10 איסטיטית, ed. Zuck. (Var. איצטניסית). ↗ expanded
אַסְטְרוֹלוֹגוֹס (ἀστρολόγος) astronomer; astrologer. Y. Sabb. VI, 8ᵈ top חדא אי׳ (read חד) a certain astrol.; a. fr.—Pl. אַסְטְרוֹלוֹגִין (אַצְ׳ &c.). Targ. I Chron. XII, 32 ed. Rahm. איצרולוגין (Var. איצטרו׳). Ex. R. 1; a. v. fr.—Cant. R. to VII, 9 אַסְטְרוֹלוֹגוֹסֵי. [Yalk. Ex. 164 איסטרוגילין, a. other corruptions, corr. acc.]—V. also next w.—[As regards צט for סט, v. Recens. Don. b. Librat ed. Filipp. p. 9.] ↗ expanded
אַסְטְרוֹלוֹגְיָא (ἀστρολογία) astronomy, mostly astrology, sooth-saying, astrological prediction. Y. Ab. Zar. II, 41ᵃ top הוה חמי בא׳ דידיה he foresaw by dint of astrol. speculation (prob. to be read גין …, v. infra). Pesik. R. s. 14 אסטרוגילא (corr. acc.; cmp. טְיָיר).—Pl. אַסְטְרוֹלוֹגִין prop. astrologers, trnsf. astrological books, implements, horoscope &c. Gen. R. s. 85 רואה היתה בא׳ וכ׳ she saw in her astrological books (or horoscope). Deut. R. s. 8 מביט באסטרולוגים; Lev. R. s. 36 אצטרוגליס, לוגים … &c. (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
אַסְטְרוֹלוֹגַיָּיאsame. Y. Sabb. VI, 8ᵈ אסת׳ דידיה שקרין his astrological books (or computations) lie. ↗ expanded
אִסְטְרוֹנְגִּילוֹן adv. (στρογγύλον, or στρογγυλοῦν, S.) in a rounded way, circularly (opp. τετράγωνον, or τετραγώνιον). Pesik. R. s. 10, read: שלא היו יושבין טטרגונין או שורה ארוכה אלא א׳ כחצי גורן עגולה וכ׳ they sat not forming a square or a long line, but in a semi-circle, like the shape of a half of the rounded court-room (v. גֹּורֶן), so that they could conveniently see each other. V. בוטרגנין. ↗ expanded
אִסְטְרוֹפוֹמָטָא (variously corrupted, v. infra) m. pl. (στροφώματα) pivots, pins at top and bottom of a door turning in sockets. Gen. R. s. 66 כמין א׳ הדלתות וכ׳ Ar. (ed. איסטריפומיטא; Yalk. Gen. 115 איסטדומוטא) pivotlike, the doors could be doubled backward. [Yalk. l. c. may be read אסטרופוטא στρόφωμτος, v. LXX, Ezek. XLI, 24.] Midd. IV, 1 איצטרבאמוטא Ar., ed. איצטרמיטה (corr. as above). Pesik. B’shall. p. 86ᵇ; Yalk. Sam. 152 כאילין אמפומטא &c. (corr. acc.) like doors turning in sockets. ↗ expanded
אִסְטְרָטָא c. (interchanging with אִסְרָטָא, סְרָטָא, trnsp. אסטרא; strata, sub. via, στρᾶτα S.) paved way, public road. Targ. Y. II, Num. XX, 17 … טה; a. fr.—Y. Gitt. IV, beg. 45ᶜ. Y. Snh. II, 20ᵃ top גו א׳ וכ׳ on the road he heard &c. Tosef. Sabb. X (XI), 1 sq. (סרטא, אסרטא, Var. אסתרטא with ת). Ab. d’R. N. XXVIII life is like לאיסטרטיא וכ׳ (read … טא) a public road running between two paths &c. Koh. R. to VII, 7 הוינא עקים אִסְטְרָטִי I was bending my road, went out of my way.—Pl. אִסְטְרָטַיָּא, (אִסְטַרְטַיָּא, incorr. אִסְטְרַטְיָא). Targ. Y. Num. XX, 19.—אִסְטְרָטִין usu. the city walks, promenades (between the colonnades &c.). Y. Sabb. VI, 8ᵃ bot. הוו מטיילין בא׳ were promenading &c. Y. Kil. IX, 32ᵈ top; Cant. R. to V, 13; Y. Keth. XII, 35ᵇ bot. אסטרין. [Deut. R. s. 3 אסטרטין, read אסטרטיגין.] [In Targ. mostly אִסְרָטִין, אסטרין.] theatre. Pl. אִסְטְרָטָאוֹת, v. אִסְטַרְיָא. ↗ expanded
אִסְטְרַטְיָא (στρατεία, in the sense of στρατόπεδον) camp, encampment, esp. an open space infront of the royal palace, court; also station on the road for Temple pilgrims. Erub. 26ᵃ א׳ של מלכים Ms. M. (ed. מלך) camp or court round the royal palace. [Men. 103ᵇ איסטריא של מלך, for איסטרטיא(?), v. however אִסְטַרְיָא.] [Lam. R. to III, 7 באידנא א׳; Ab. d’R. Nath. XXVIlI לאי׳, read אִסְטְרָטָא. Targ. Y. Num. XX, 19 רַטְיָא … some ed., v. אִסְטְרָטָא.]—Pl. אִסְטְרַטְיָאוֹת. M. Kat. 5ᵃ Ms. M. (ed. טאות …); Mekh. B’shall. Vayissa ch. III א׳ stations (= רחובות). [Erub. l. c. טיא … שהיו …, read שהיא, or … יאות; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note.] ↗ expanded
אִסְטְרַטְיָא 2 (στρατία) prop. army; hence host (of heavens, cmp. LXX Neh. IX, 6). Num. R. s. 12 א׳ של מעלה; Midr. Till. to Ps. XCII, end אסר׳ … divine army (angels, prophets &c.) royal suite, court-officers. Kidd. IV, 5 מוכתב בא׳ של מלך recorded in the king’s list of officers (during Agrippa’s reign, serving as evidence of legitimate birth; cmp. אַרְכִי I). Lam. R. to II, 2 אסט׳; Y. Taan. IV, 68ᵈ bot. אסר׳ the list of Barkokhba’s suite. [Y. Ned. XI, 42ᵈ bot. אסטרטיות read אִסְטְרַטְיוֹטוֹת; ib. אסטרטיות חבק׳ read אִסְטְרַטְיוֹט. Y. Gitt. III, 45ᵃ top. אסטרטיות, v. אַפָּרָטוֹסוֹת. Tanḥ. B’resh. 2 אסטרטיאות, Var. אסטראות, v. אִסְטַרְיָא.] ↗ expanded
אִסְטַרְטֵיג (στρατήγιον) camp, regular garrison (= h. מַצַּב), contrad. to stragglers &c. Targ. I Sam. XIII, 23; XIV, 1; 4; 6; 16; a. e.—Pl. אִסְטַרְטִיגִין. Targ. II Sam. VIII, 6 (h. text נציבים). Targ. I Sam. X, 5 … אִסְטַרְטִיגֵי (constr.).—גַיָּא … Targ. I Kings IV, 5 על א׳ chief of camps. ↗ expanded
אִסְטַרְטֵיגוֹס (στρατηγός) military commander, general; (in later Greek) prefect, city-magistrate; also chief of body guards (στρατηγὸς τῶν πραισενταλίων, D. C.). Ex. R. s. 31 (cmp. Gen. R. s. 58). Gen. R. s. 37, beg.; a. fr.—Deut. R. s. 10 לאסטרטיגין וכ׳ (read … גוֹס); a. fr.—Pl. אִסְטַרְטֵיגִין, אִסְטַרְטֵיגֵי.—Targ. II, Esth. I, 3 איסתרת׳ (corr. acc.) generals. Y. Ber. VIII, 12ᶜ top שני א׳ two chiefs of guards; Gen. R. s. 3; a. fr.—B. Bath. 143ᵃ בולי ואסטרטיגי Ms. M. (ed. אבולי ואסטרוגי); Y. Yoma I, 39ᵃ top כולי ואסרטיגי (read בולי ואסטרטיגי, v. בּוּלִי II). Yalk. Koh. 969 אמר לאסטרון שלו (read לאסטרטיגין) he ordered his guard. ↗ expanded
אִסְטְרַטְיוֹט (στρατιώτης) prop. soldier, later Roman officer (D. C. Gr. s. v.); attendant. Y. Shek. V, 49ᵃ; Cant. R. to III, 6, end אסטרטיג (corr. acc.). Y. Keth. I, 25ᶜ top טיוס … (corr. acc.).—Pl. אִסְטְרַטְיוֹטִין. Targ. I Chr. XVIII, 6 (v. however Targ. II Sam. VIII, 6). Tanḥ. Haăz. 2, read: באו א׳ the officers came to meet the king.—אִסְטְרַטְיוֹטוֹת. Y. B. Kam. IV, 4ᵇ top ששליח המלכות שני א׳ (read ששלחה) the Roman governm. sent two commissioners. Y. Ned. XI, 42ᵈ bot. אסטרטיות; v. אִסְטְרַטְיָא II. ↗ expanded
אִסְטְרָטִילָטָא (στρατηλάτης = magister militum, v. Sm. Ant. s. v.) commander in chief, military governor. Lev. R. s. 16; a. fr. (everywhere corrupt, corr. acc.). Y. Snh. X, 28ᵇ top אסרטילטֵיה (corr. acc.) his stratelates.— Pl. אִסְטְרָטִילָטִין. Targ. Esth. III, 12; VIII, 9 אסטרטילוסי (corr. acc.). Gen. R. s. 44; a. fr. (corr. acc.). Gen. R. s. 78 אסטרטלי, read אסטרטילטַיmy stratelatæ↗ expanded
אִסְטַרְיָא f. (also אִסְטָרָא m.) cacophemistic appellations of all kinds of gentile sports; cmp. the use of θέατρον and θεατρίζειν in Ad Corinth. I, IV, 9, a. Hebr. X, 33; אסטריא &c., as if a denomin. of סרר, cmp. Syr. אסטרניא, אצטרניא, P. Sm. 304 a. cit. ibid.; אצטריבא, as if fr. צרב; אצטרדיון (v. next w.) as if fr. צרד, v. אִיצְטַדִּין; cmp. אֲבֵידָן) theatre, arena, gladiatorial shows, &c. Ab. Zar. I, 7 (16ᵃ) גרדום אצטדייא וכ׳ (Ms. M. אצטריבא, but in Ib. 18ᵇ repeatedly אצטריא; Y. ed. איסטדייא; Mish. Nap. אצטדיא, comment. אצטרדיא) place of execution, of shows &c.; v. Ib. 18ᵇ.—[Men. 103ᵇ איסטריא של מלך the king’s amphitheatre, v. אסטרטיא]. Pl. אִסְטַרְיוֹת. Sifra Aḥaré Par. IX ch. 13. Tanḥ. B’resh. 2 אִסְטְרָאוֹת Var. (ed. אִסְטְרָטָאוֹת). Ab. Zar. 18ᵇ אשר לא הלך לאיסטרטאות Ms. M. (ed. לטרטיאות, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.).—אִסְטָרִין, v. next w.↗ expanded
אִסְטָרִין (אִצְטַרְטְיוֹן, אִצְטַרְרְּיוֹן, אִיצְטַרְיוֹן, also with rejection of א׳ after prefixes) m. (pl. of אסטרא, v. preced.; used as sing., sub. בית ה־ &c.) arena, theatre. B. Kam. IV, 4 (39ᵃ) שור האיצטרין Ms. M. (ed. איצטדין, Ms. H. a. R., a. Mish. Nap., a. Y. ed. איסטדין) an ox of the arena (that killed a person). Tosef. Ab. Zar. II, 7 היושב באסטרין וכ׳ Var. (ed. Zuck. איסטרטון, ed. איסטרין) he who visits the amphitheatre is considered a murderer (countenancing bloodshed); Y. ib. I, 40ᵃ איצטדון (interchanging with תיאטרין).—Pl. אִסְטָרִינִין &c. Ab. Zar. 18ᵇ אין הולכין לא׳ מפני ש"ד Ms. M. (ed. לאצטדינין מפני מושב לצים …, v. Rab. D. S. a. l. note) you must not attend theatres on account of bloodshed. Ib. (repeatedly) אצטרינָן Ms. M.; Tosef. l. c. 6 לאיצטרטיונין (Var. לצטרדיונין, לצטריונין); 7 לאיצטריונין (Var. לטריונין, לצטריונין); Ab. Zar. 18ᵇ לאצטרינין Ms. M. (ed. טרטיאות, En Yakob I איצטריאות, v. preced.). [Y. Erub. II, 22ᵇ bot. איצטדין, אצטדין f. ruins, near Tiberias, v. איצטדין.] [אסטרין sometimes for אִסְרָטִין.] ↗ expanded
אַסִּי (= יוֹסֵי, Frank. Meb. Y. s. v.) pr. n. m. Assi; an Amora, mate of R. Immi, disciple of Rab and of Samuel. Sabb. 22ᵃ; a. fr.—Y. Ab. Zar. V, 45ᵃ bot. רבסי = רב א׳. a copyist. Y. Keth. II, 26ᵇ bot. כגון אילין ספרוי דא׳ וכ׳ as for instance, if witnesses say, these are the books written by Assi, and like these (in handwriting) must the documents be. ↗ expanded
אֲסִי (sec. r. of אוס, v. אנס; cmp. יש, איש, אינש &c.; v. Ges. H. Dict. s. vv. אשׁה, עשׂה) to be strong, well. [Act. v. to make well, v. infra a. אָסֵי.] Af. אַסִּיto cure. Targ. O. Gen. XX, 17 (Targ. Y. אָסֵי); a. fr.—Part.מַסֵּי, מְאַסֵּי.—Ned. 49ᵃ לאַסָּיֵיה, לאַסָּאָה יתיה to cure him. Sabb. 111ᵃ איכא מכה מסי where there is a wound, it (the vinegar) heals it. Lev. R. s. 16, end, read: מְאַסִּינָא ליה לגרמי I shall cure him all alone. Gitt. 56ᵇ מסיין = מאסיין, v. next w.Ithpa. אִיתַּסִּי,Ithpe. אִיתְּסִי, אִתְּ׳to be cured, to recover. Targ. Josh. V, 8; a. fr.—Sabb. 33ᵃ. Gitt. 12ᵇ דבעי אִתְּסוּיֵי ביה for he wants to get cured with the money he receives as damages. Yoma 84ᵃ אִיתְּסָאִי I got cured. Keth. 62ᵇ איתסיאת she grew well. Koh. R. to I, 8 he went &c. מִיתְאַסְּיָא in order to be cured. Cmp. וֶסֶת. ↗ expanded
אָסֵי (preced.) physician, surgeon; also thaumaturg, [Essene, Therapeut?] Targ. Ex. XXI, 19; a. e. Y. Yoma III, 40ᵈ bot. חד א׳ וכ׳ a certain thaumaturg in Sepphoris. Y. Taan. III, 66ᵈ אוקיר לאסייך וכ׳ honor thy physician (with presents) ere thou be in need of him. B. Kam. 85ᵃ א׳ רחיקא וכ׳ if the surgeon is far off, the eye will be blind (before he arrives). Num. R. s. 9 תרעא … לא׳ a door which opens not for charity, will be opened for the physician; a. fr. Pl. אָסַיָּיא. Y. Naz. IX, end, 58ᵃ.—אַסָוָותָא, אָסָוָתָא. Targ. Gen. L, 2; a. e. Gitt. 56ᵇ א׳ דמַסְּיִין ליה וכ׳ physicians to cure R. Zadok. ↗ expanded
אסיא a word in a charm formula. Pes. 111ᵃ (Var. lect. v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) ↗ expanded
אַסְיָאAsia. Asia Minor, or rather the Roman province embracing the Western part of the peninsula of Asia Minor, bequeathed by King Attalus to the Roman republic. Targ. Y. II, Gen. X, 3; I Chr. I, 6 (h. text אשכנז). Y. Kidd. I, 61ᵈ top (twice for קני); Gen. R. s. 44 (once for קני, once for קניזי, some ed. אפייה corr. acc.). Y. Meg. I, 71ᵇ bot. (for אשכנז). Sifré Balak 131 (p. 47ᵇ ed. Friedm.) אביא (corr. acc.); v. Yalk. Num. 771.—B. Mets. 84ᵃ; a. e. name of a town supposed to be Essa, east of the lake of Tiberias (v. Neub. Géogr. p. 38; cmp. Rap. Er. Millin s. v.). Y. Kil. IX, 32ᶜ bot. Sabb. 109ᵃ ע׳ (with hot springs). Yeb. XVI, 4 ע׳; Y. ib. 15ᵈ top א׳; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֲסִימוֹן (ἄσημος, -ον) uncoined metal, bulion. B. Mets. IV, 1 א׳ קונה וכ׳ the uncoined metal buys the coined, i.e. by delivering the uncoined, which is considered as goods, the purchase is concluded. Ib. 47ᵇ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
*אֲסִינְתָּא (v. אִסְנָא a. חֲסִינָה)a receptacle for grain. Keth. 8ᵃ; Ab. Zar. 8ᵇ מכי רמו שערי בא׳ from the time they put barley into the ăsinta (as the first preliminaries of a wedding feast). [Ab. Zar. l. c. read באסינתֵּיה.—Other opin. א׳ = אסיתאmortar, for pounding barley,—trough for brewing beer—pot for planting barley for the wedding ceremony, v. Ar. s. v. a. Rashi a. l.] ↗ expanded
אָסִיףharvest, crop.— Pl. אֲסִיפִין. Y. Shebi. II, 34ᵃ top, six sowing seasons וששה א׳ and six crops in one Septennial. ↗ expanded
אֲסִיפָהgathering, assembly. Y. Taan. I, 64ᶜ top אֲסִיפַת עם public meeting for fasting ceremonies. Gen. R. s. 98 ye shall be א׳ אחת one (unanimous) assembly. = אָסִיף. Ḥag. 18ᵃ חג הבא בזמן א׳ the festival that falls in the harvest season. Ib. א׳ ביו"ט מי שרי Ms. M. (ed. less correct מלאכה) is harvesting permitted &c.?, a. e. (ref. to Num. XI, 22) the mere taking into the house for consumption, without the ritual slaughtering (שחיטה). Ḥull. 27ᵇ. Num. R. s. 19.—4) being gathered in, death, use of the verb אסף with reference to death. Ib. אֲסִיפַת אהרן the death of Aaron (Num. XX, 24). B. Bath. 16ᵇ גויעה וא׳ the use of גוע a. אסף. ↗ expanded
אָסִירprisoner.— Pl. אֲסִירִין. Kel. XII, 1 קורות … של א׳ prisoners’ stocks (a metal frame in which the prisoner’s feet were shut up). ↗ expanded
אָסִיר ² (אסר) as preced., imprisoned, prisoner. Targ. Gen. XL, 3; a. fr. (part. pass. of אֲסַר) tied, connected. Fem. אֲסִירָא. Targ. Y. II, Gen. XXV, 1. forbidden. Targ. Y. Num. XXV, 6.—Pl. אֲסִירִין, אֲסִירֵי, אֲסִירַיָּא; fem. אֲסִירָן. Targ. Gen. XL, 3; 5; a. fr.—Targ. II Sam. III, 34. ↗ expanded
אֲסִירָה (preced.) imprisonment. Gen. R. s. 92 אין כולן בא׳ must not all of them go to prison? ↗ expanded
אֲסִיתָא (אסי = עסי, עסס; cmp. דּוּךְ a. מְדֹכָה) mortar. Sabb. 77ᵇ (playful etym.) א׳ חסירתא ed. a. Var. Ar., it is called ăsitha because it is caved out (Ms. M. a. Ar. חסידתאpious, submitting to blows). Ḥull. 105ᵇ א׳ ובוכנא דתבלי mortar and pestle for spices. Nidd. 36ᵇ (Issi playing on his name) I am א׳ דנחשא a brazen mortar.—Keth. 49ᵇ כפו ליה א׳ וכ׳ invert for him a mortar in public (improvise a stand) and let him stand up &c. M. Kat. 22ᵇ כפי א׳ invert thou a mortar &c. (from its shape) hip-bone, pelvic bone. Ḥull. 52ᵃ בוכנא וא׳ the pestle and the mortar, i.e. the rib sitting in the hip-bone and the hip-bone.— (cmp. Nidd. l. c.) trnsf. hard-hearted woman. Gen. R. s. 17; Lev. R. s. 34 שבוק הדא א׳ Ar. (ed. אנתתא, איתתא בישא; Yalk. Lev. 665; Yalk. Is. 352 איתתא) divorce that mean woman. ↗ expanded
אִסְכּוֹלִי (σχολή) school. Pesik. Baḥod. p. 101ᵇ; Cant. R. to II, 5; Koh. R. to III, 11; Yalk. Ex. 272 (all of which compare to arrive at a corr. text). Ex. R. s. 9. Ex. R. s. 20, beg.—Pl. אִסְכֹּולִיֹּות, אִיסְ׳. Cant. R. to II, 15. (scholæ, sub. palatinæ = scholares, D. C.) imperial body guard, royal officers. Deut. R. s. 2 אסכילי פרעה (corr. acc.) Pharaoh’s attendants; Cant. R. to VII, 4 אסקולין (corr. acc., or read אִסְכֹּולָרִין); Midr. Till. to Ps. IV, beg.; Y. Ber. IX, 13ᵃ אוכלוסין, אוכלסין; Yalk. Ex. 167 אוכלוס (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
אִסְכּוּפְתָּא f., pl. אִסְכּוּפָתָא, v. אִסְקוּפְתָּא. Y. Meg. IV, end, 75ᶜ א׳ ארעייתא (= אַא׳) on the lowest door-sills; Y. Yoma I, 38ᶜ אסק׳; [the entire passage is obscure]. ↗ expanded
אַסְכָּלָא (סכל, √סך, cmp. Gen. XLVIII, 14) lattice-work of a fire place, grating, grille. Pes. VII, 2. Ib. 75ᵃ א׳ מנוקבת (Ms. M. אִי׳) perforated grille (with holes in the upright bars for the spit to turn in, v. Rashi a. l.). Y. Pes. VII, 34ᵃ bot. צלי אסכלה roasted over the grate.—Pl. אַסְכָּלוֹת. Sifré Num. s. 158.—אַסְכָּלָאוֹת. Ab. Zar. 75ᵇ; Tanḥ. Ḥukk. 2.—Chald. pl. אַסְכָּלָתָא. Targ. Y. Num. XXXI, 23. Cmp. טַרְטְקָל. [Ἔσχαρα does not correspond in meaning.] ↗ expanded
*אִסְכְּלָא (ξύλα, = σκέυη ξύλινα, v. Sm. Ant. s. v. Ships, a var. lect. quoted below) the wooden implements of a ship, oars, ladders, poles &c. Tosef. B. Bath. IV, 1 he who sells a ship מכר את האיסכ׳ (some ed. איסק׳) sells implicitly the oars &c., (Mish. B. Bath. V, 1 מנהיגין); B. Bath. 73ᵃ (Rashi אִסְכְּלִין, Ms. M. אסכליא, Ms. R. אסקלה, Ms. O. איסכלניא, read אִיסְכְּלִינָא). [Comm. ladders = scalæ.—As to transpos. of כס, cmp. דוכסוסטוס.] ↗ expanded
אַסְכְּמָא (סכם, v. P. Sm. 307 sq. אסכם a. denomin.; an adoption of σχῆμα, -ατος would read אסכימטא) planning, simulation. Targ. Prov. VII, 10 (h. text שית); cmp. next w.↗ expanded
אַסְכָּמוּתָא (סכם) consent, agreement. Targ. Y. Gen. XXXI, 14. Ib. Num. XXXII, 25 בא׳ חדא in one thought; cmp. preced.↗ expanded
אַסְכְּרָא (סכר; cmp. Ps. LXIII, 12) choking, croup. Ber. 8ᵃ. Taan. 27ᵇ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אָסֵל (סלל; cmp. Gr. ἄσιλλα) a pole or yoke carried on two or, more commonly, on one shoulder. Par. VII, 5 וקושרו בא׳ and fastens the bucket to the pole. Kel. XVII, 16 הא׳ שיש בו וכ׳ a carrying yoke in which there is a (hidden) receptacle for money; Koh. R. to IX, 13 אסיל. ↗ expanded
אַסְלָא 2 (אסל, עסל, dial. for אצל, עצל, cmp. נִיסֵל) foot-stool, folding stool. Sabb. 138ᵃ מטה וכסא טרסקל וא׳ (Ms. M. וערסלא, Alf. איסקלא, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note, v. טְרִסְקֵל) couch, folding chair, and foot-stool. privy, iron frame of a privy-stool covered, with leather. Kel. XXII, 10 הא׳ (Var. in R. S. הסלא); Erub. 10ᵇ ע׳ ed. (Ar. א׳); Tosef. Kel. B. Bath. I, 4. ↗ expanded
אַסְמַכְתָּא (סְמַךְ) support, reliance. Keth. 67ᵃ אסמכתייהו אארעא הוא their reliance rests on the landed property. Scriptural text used as a support for a rabbinical enactment, intimation (אסמכוה אקרא ‘they leaned their enactment against a Bible text’). Ḥull. 64ᵇ מדרבנן וקרא א׳ בעלמא it is actually a rabbinical law, and the Bible text (quoted) is a mere support or mnemotechnical aid. Ib. 77ᵃ; a. fr. (law) Asmakhta (surety), a promise to submit to a forfeiture of pledged property (or equivalent) without having received a sufficient consideration; collateral security with the condition of forfeiture beyond the amount to be secured; e.g. A pays a portion of his indebtedness to B, leaving the bill of debt as a security in the hands of a third party, and agreeing to pay the full amount on the bill, if, at a stipulated time, he should fail to pay the due balance. B. Bath. 168ᵃ א׳ לא קניא asmakhta does not purchase, gives no title, i.e. gives the claimant no rights (because the law presumes that he who made such a promise, could not have meant it seriously but had in view only to give his transaction the character of good faith and solemnity); ibid. א׳ קניאasm. is a valid legal transfer of property. B. Mets. 66ᵃ; 73ᵇ. Ned. 27ᵇ; a. e.—Snh. 24ᵇ applied to forfeiture of stake in gambling (inasmuch as it makes the gambler an immoral person disqualified for witness or judge in court). ↗ expanded
אִסְנָא (אסן = h. חסֶן, אָסָם) store-house, granary.— Pl. אִסְנַיָּיא. Targ. Joel I, 17 (Var. אוּסְ׳, ח׳). ↗ expanded
אַסָּנָא (= h. סְנֶה, v. Ges. H. Dict. s. v.) thorn-bush, bramble. Targ. Ex. III, 2; a. e.—Sabb. 67ᵃ א׳ א׳ Ms. M. (ed. הסנה, הסנה) Oh thornbush! Ab. Zar. 28ᵃ גירדא דא׳ parings of the bramble wood. shrubbery fruit, bramble nut. Ib.ᵇ קשייתא דא׳ the stones of &c.—Pl. אַסְנֵיa drink made of shrubbery fruit(?). Pes. 107ᵃ (Ms. M. אֲסִינֵי, Ms. M. 2 אֲהִינֵי; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.). ↗ expanded
אָסַף [to scrape together], to gather, harvest. Snh. III, 3 אוֹסְפֵי שביעית those who harvest the fruits of the Sabbath year (for storage); ib. 26ᵃ אוֹסְפִין (opp. to סוחרין traders in fruits of the Sabbath year). Nif. נֶאֱסַףto be gathered; to be taken away (by death). Num. R. s. 14 (p. 257ᵈ ed. Amst.) והם נֶאֱסָפִים לשָׁמְעוֹ and they (the people) gather themselves to hear him. Ib. (p. 258ᵃ) בזמן שבעליהם נאספים מהם after their teachers have been taken away from them (when they are dead); Pesik. R. s. 3; Koh. to XII, 11; Tanḥ. B’haãl., 15; a. e. to be picked up. Kidd. IV, 1; v. אֲסוּפִי. Hif. הֶאֱסִיף , mostly הוֹסִיף, v. יָסַף↗ expanded
אֲסַף Y. Keth. V, 30ᵇ top לא מסתברא דלא כאספון וכ׳ (read כאספין) it would be unreasonable not to consider students like harvesters, for they work (even) harder. ↗ expanded
אִסְפּוֹג (ספג, v. סְפוֹג) sponge-cake, spungy bread. Targ. O. Ex. XXIX, 23; a. e.—Pl. אִסְפּוֹגִין. Ib. 2; a. e. (Editions also אֶסְפּוֹג׳). ↗ expanded
אִסְפְּלִידָא (Ispe. noun of פלד; Arab. פלדֹ, to cut, v. Ges. H. Dict. s. v.; cmp. פרד); a cut-off place, recess, whence cave, cleft. Targ. Y. Ex. XXXIII, 22 (h. text נקרה). Targ. Ps. LVII, 1 (ed. אוס׳). = exedra (v. אַכְסַדְרָא), recess in the house, sitting room in the shape of an open hall, generally supported by columns. B. Bath. 7ᵃ חד מטייה א׳ one of the heirs received a hall as his share. Ib. קא בני … דא׳ the other built a wall in front of the hall (debarring light and air). Esth. R. to I, 9 בית א׳ reception rooms.— Pl. אִסְפְּלִידֵי. Men. 33ᵇ א׳ דאית להו וכ׳ halls supported by columns. ↗ expanded
אִסְפְּלָנִיתָא Targ. Job XXX, 24 Ms. (ed. אִסְפַּלְעִיתָא, v. preced.); Var. אַכָּכָא.—Sabb. 133ᵇ א׳ דכולהון כיבי וכ׳ a salve for all pains is seven portions of &c., v. preced.— ↗ expanded
אִסְפַּמְיָא (= סיף־ימא, or סיף־מיא) (prob. of Phœn. origin) Hispania, Spain. Nidd. 30ᵇ. B. Bath. III, 2 כדי שיהיה בא׳ וכ׳ long enough for the owner to be in Spain, while the present occupant may occupy his property for one year, and for people to travel a year and notify him, and for him to come back the next year (and raise his claim). Ber. 62ᵃ. Yeb. 63ᵃ (= אַפַּמְיָא q. v.) Apamæa, several towns, esp. one each in Bithynia, Mesopotamia and Syria. Y. Shebi. VI, beg. 36ᵃ (h. קנזי); Gen. R. s. 44, end; a. fr.—Gen. R. s. 60, beg. מא׳ ומחבירותיה from Ap. and her sisters (country towns) (in Babylon or Mesopotamia); ib. s. 30 מאספוטמיא; s. 44 ממספ׳ (corr. acc.)—[Targ. Ob. I, 20 Ar. (ed. ספמיא)]. [B. Bath. 74ᵇ ימה של א׳ = פמייס as Ms. M.] V. אִסְפַּנְיָא. ↗ expanded
אִסְפָּנִי (v. next w.) Spaniard.—Plאִסְפָּנִין. Makhsh. VI, 3 קוליס הא׳ the colias of the Spaniards, a species of thuny-fish (prob. to be read ק׳ הִיסְפָּנִי). ↗ expanded
אִסְפַּנְיָאHispania, Spain. Tanḥ. Vayetsé, 2 מגליא ומא׳ from Gaul, Spain &c.; cmp. Lev. R. s. 29; Yalk. Jer. 312, a. e. אספמיא.—Pesik. R. s. 32 (p. 56ᵃ ed. Pr.) באספניס (corr. acc.; ed. Fr. s. 31, p. 147ᵃ אספמ׳).—V. אִסְפַּמְיָא. ↗ expanded
אִסְפַּסְיָאנוֹסVespasian, the Roman Emperor who, when general, conducted the war against the Jews which ended in the destruction of the Temple. Targ. Lam. I, 19.—Sot. IX, 14 פולמוס של א׳ the Vespasian war. Y. Meg. III, 73ᵈ; Lam. R. introd. (R. Ḥan. 1); a. fr. [Meg. 11ᵃ ושמואל אמר … נבוכדנצר, read with Ms. M. a. old prints א׳ קיסר.] ↗ expanded
אִסְפַּסְיָאנִי (genit. of Vespasianus) Vespasian’s (followers). Lam. R. to I, 17. ↗ expanded
אִסְפַּקְלַרְיָא (specularia) window-pane made of lapis specularis, window-glass. Targ. Y. Ex. XIX, 17; a. e.—Kel. XXX, 2 תמחוי שעשאו א׳ a (glass) plate which is used as window-glass. Metaph. prophetic vision. Succ. 45ᵇ דמסתכלי בא׳ וכ׳ who contemplate (Deity) through a lucid speculum. Gen. R. s. 91 שראה בא׳ שסברו וכ׳ (play on sheber, grain, and seber, hope) he saw in the glass of prophecy that his hope (Joseph) was in Egypt. Lev. R. s. 1 א׳ מלוכלכת a dim glass (vision); opp. א׳ מצוחצחת polished glass (clear vision).—Pl. אִסְפַּקְלַרְיוֹת. Ib.; Yalk. Lev. 432 אִיסְפַּקְלַרְיָאוֹת. ↗ expanded
אספר , Snh. 106ᵃ (וצים מיר כתים) אמר רב ליבון א׳ ed. [missing in Ms. M. and added on margin; Ar. ed. pr. a. ed. Koh. לכין א׳; Yalk. Num. 771 לא לגיון א׳] pr. n. m. (Λέων Ἴσαυρος, Leo Isaurus) Leo the Isaurian, Byzantine emperor, leader of the iconoclastic movement which caused a long-continued war between the East and the West of the empire. [The words above quoted are an interpolation of the eighth or ninth century, and refer to “the war between the lion and the lioness”—words immediately preceding our quotation. The interrupted context in Rashi a. l. shows that the commentary to our ws. is also a later addition and that in Rashi’s Talmud text there was no such interpolation. As to the impression on the Jews of the iconoclastic agitation, v. Sachs Beitr. I, p. 78. For Var. Lect. v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. and Koh. Ar. s. v.] ↗ expanded
אֶסְפָּר (ספר, cmp. אֶסְפּוֹר) Espar, a Hebrew name for Sestertius (cmp. אִיסָר &c.). . Maas. Sh. II, 9 (Ms. M. אצטרי, v. אִיסְתִּירָא, Asheri אצפרי); Eduy. I, 10 (he must exchange the fourth Denar) ארבעה א׳ כסף Ms. M. (ed. ארבע) for four sestertii. [Oth. opinions (v. comment.), ἄσπροι, supposed to be worth one fifth of a Denar. There is, however, no evidence of ἄσπροι being used in this sense in the days of the Mishnah.] ↗ expanded
*אִסְפְּרִיטִין (Ispe. noun of פרט or פלט, v. H. Dict. s. vv.) separate threads, hangings, fine fringes. Lev. R. s. 17. Yalk. Ps. 808 איספיטין. ↗ expanded
אֲסַפְתִּי = אֲצַבְתִּי q. v. Ohol. XIII, 4. ↗ expanded
אִסְפָּתִי (σπάθη, spatha, spata D. C.) broad sword, esp. the executioner’s sword. Pesik. B’shall. p. 81ᵇ באספטי וכ׳ Ar. (ed. איספטר; Yalk. Is. 302 beg. אספקטי; corr. acc.) with the sword with which the Egyptians struck, were they struck.—Pl. אִסְפָּתִין. Ex. R. s. 15 עשו א׳ prepare ye the swords; v. ספיקולא. ↗ expanded
אִסְפַּתְרִי (σπαθάριος, v. preced.) carrier of broad sword, one of the imperial body-guard for which tall men would be selected. Cant. R. to II, 15 אספסתורין (corr. acc.).—Pl. אִסְפַּתְרִין. Ib. a province (or city) מגדלת א׳ למלך was rearing spatharii for the king. [Gen. R. s. 65 ענקמון.] ↗ expanded
אִסְקוּטְלָא 1 (Isp. or Ithpe. of קוטל = גודלthumb) snapping with thumb and middle finger, flipping. Taan. 25ᵃ טרק לי בא׳ אאפותי Ar. (ed. מחיין … אפו׳; Ms. M. אאפותאי) he stirred me up by snapping on my forehead.—Pl. אִסְקוּטְלֵי. Ab. Zar. 28ᵃ מחייה שתין אס׳ Ar. (ed. אית׳) snap thereon (on the swelling) sixty times. ↗ expanded
אִסְקוּטְלָא 2 (scutella, σκοῦτλον) a salver or waiter of nearlg square form. Kel. XXX, 1; M. Kat. III, 7. ↗ expanded
אִסְקוּפָה (סקף, cmp. b. h. מַשְׁקוֹף a. זקף) cross-piece; yard of a ship. Tosef. B. Bath. IV, 1 ed. Zuck. (Var. אִיזְקָפָה); Y. ib. V, beg. 15ᵃ in selling a vessel one has not implicitly sold את הא׳ the yard (because it is taken down when on land; v. Sm. Ant. s. v. Antenna). Midr. Till. to Ps. CIII (the embryo in the womb) כאדם שנתון באסקופת וכ׳ (some ed. בספינה, read באִסְקוּפַת הספינה) like a person seated on the yard on open Sea. lintel, threshold, gen. lower door-sill. Sabb. 6ᵃ; a. fr.; cmp. Y. Ber. V, 37ᵃ, expl. סַף. Y. Snh. VI, 23ᵇ bot. עשה אותי (כ)א׳ make me the threshold for the Law to pass over me; i.e. let the law have its course at the expense of my life; Yalk. Ps. 688 עשה אסקופא (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
אִסְקוּפְתָּא as preced. 2. Targ. Y. Ex. XII, 22; a. e. (O. שקפא).—Pl. אִסְקוּפָּתָא. Targ. Prov. VIII, 34.—Y. Yoma I, 38ᶜ, v. אִסְכּוּפְתָּא. Yoma 53ᵃ מיתווסן א׳ וכ׳ the thresholds … were stained with blood.—אסקופין (better אִסְקוּפָּן). Y. Ab. Zar. III, 42ᶜ top שובעין א׳ … seventy door frames were upset. meat hanging on a crosspiece. Y. Shek. VII, 50ᶜ bot., ed. Bab. to VII, 4 משזגא … תֵּיה (not משיגא) to wash his meat in the river; Y. Ab. Zar. II, 41ᵈ bot. תה …, read תֵּיה …↗ expanded
אַסָּקוּתָא (נסק) burning. Targ. Y. Gen. I, 29. offering. Targ. II Chr. XXX, 14; a. e. ↗ expanded
אִסְקְפַסְטִי (σκεπαστή, sub. ἅμαξα, σκεπαστόν = καμάρα; v. Poll.; v. Poll. X, 52, Sachs Beitr. I, 171) tilted wagon, litter with canopy. Midr. Till. to Ps. 3 אוסקופי, אסקפי (corr. acc.; read מהלכת). Pesik. Baḥod. p. 103ᵃ סקיפס׳ Ar. (ed. סקופוטי, corr. acc.). Koh. R. beg. איסקרפסטי (corr. acc.).—Pl. אִסְקְפַסְטִיאוֹת, סְקִיפַּסְטִיּוֹת &c. Ruth R. to I, 19; Lam. R. to I, 3 אסקפטיות ed. (Ar. סקיפטיות, corr. acc.). Num. R. s. 12 כמנסקי פסקאות, read כמין סקיפסט׳; Yalk. Num. 713 (corr. acc.). [Lev. R. s. 14 בתוך מעיה כמין סקיפסטי Ar., ed. only בתוך מעיה, v. Midr. Till. to Ps. CIII, s. v. אִסְקוּפָה.] ↗ expanded
אִסְקְרָא , pl. אִסְקְרִין (סקר = זקר) [the hopper,] iskra, name of a species of locusts born without legs. Ḥull. 65ᵃ Ar. a. Rashi sing., ed. pl.; Yalk. Lev. 537 (corr. acc.). V. זַחַל. ↗ expanded
אִסְקַרְיָא (סקר to espy = b. h. תֹּרֶן fr. תּוּר) prop. espying place, hence mast or rather yard (where the captain sits for looking out; cmp. תּוּרְנָא). B. Bath. 73ᵃ, explain. toren; v. supra. Taan. 21ᵃ נפילנא מא׳ I would throw myself (into the water) from the sail yard. B. Mets. 69ᵇ. Keth. 69ᵇ א׳ דמכותא mast-yard; Taan. 21ᵃ (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 300).—Neg. XII, 1; Naz. 55ᵃ, v. אִסְכַּדְיָא. ↗ expanded
אִסְקְרִיטָוָן 1) = next w. Targ. O. f. pl. ch. = next w. Targ. O. Ex. XVI, 31.—*2) read מִקְסוֹטֵירִין (μυξωτῆρες as LXX Zach. as LXX Zach. IV, 12) tubes, lamp-mozzles. Targ. Zach. l. c. ↗ expanded
אִסְקְרִיטִין (Ispe. noun of קרט; cmp. חָלַט I a. denom.) balls; a kind of paste. Mekh. B’shall. Vayas. 5 כעין אסקריטי (read … טין). Ḥall. I, 4; Pes. 37ᵃ. Y. Ḥall. III, 57ᵈ bot. אי׳ חליטין דשוק isk’ritin are &c., v. חֲלִיטָא III. ↗ expanded
אָסַרto surround, enclose (v. Schr. KAT Gloss. II, s. v.)—whence to chain, imprison; to sentence to prison. Ber. 28ᵇ, v. אֵיסוּר. to harness, put the horses to. Mekh. B’shall. 1. Gen. R. s. 55, v. אֲסָרָה. to bind, obligate. Lev. R. s. 23 אילולי שא׳ וכ׳ had not the Lord bound himself by an oath; a. e. to interdict, to declare a thing forbidden according to ritual law, opp. הִתִּיר to loosen the tie, to allow. Ḥag. 3ᵇ הללו אוֹסְרִין והללו מתירין the ones declare forbidden what the others allow. Lev. R. s. 22 מה שאָסַרְתִּי לך התרתי לך of whatever I have forbidden thee (as a class) I have allowed thee (a specimen). Erub. VIII, 4 אוֹסַר עליו he (by residing there) restricts the other (debarring him from carrying things around on the Sabbath).—Part. pass. אָסוּר, f. אֲסוּרָה (it is) forbidden. Ber. 35ᵃ א׳ לו לאדם ש׳ וכ׳ one must not &c.; a. v. fr.—Pl. אֲסוּרִים, אֲסוּרִין; f. אֲסוּרוֹת. Ter. X, 12; a. v. fr. V. אָסוּר. Nif. נֶאֱסַרto be forbidden, to become subject to ritual prohibition. Ib. 11 אוֹסֶרֶת ואינה נֶאֱסָרֶת affects other things which come in contact with it, but is not affected; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֲסַרto chain, imprison. Targ. II Kings XVII, 4; a. fr. to bind by spell, charm. Targ. Ps. LVIII, 6; a. e. to tie up, put on &c. Targ. Y. Gen. XLIX, 11; a. e.—B. Mets. 86ᵇ דקא א׳ ושרי that he tied up (his wound) and untied it. Sabb. 81ᵇ אֲסַרְתָּהּ לארבא she tied (stopped) the ship (by magic spell). to bind the bowels, check diarrhœa. Gitt. 69ᵇ למֵיסַר. to forbid. Ḥull. 109ᵇ כל דא׳ לן וכ׳, v. preced.; a. v. fr. Ib. 111ᵇ; 112ᵃ, a. fr. אָסִיר, אֲסִירֵיit is, they are, forbidden.—Ab. Zar. 37ᵇ יוסף אָסְרָא מיבעי ליה he ought to be called, ‘Joseph the forbidder.’—Y. Meg. I, 70ᶜ bot. לוֹסַר לפניו to forbid fasting on the day preceding. *to bind one’s self by vowing a fast (cmp. Num. XXX, 3), or to be bound. Meg. Taan. XII, end, quoted and discussed Taan. 12ᵃ (v. Var. lect. in Rabb. D. S. a. l. a. notes). Pa. אַסַּרto tie (sheaves). Targ. O. Gen. XXXVII, 7. Ithpa. אִתְאַסַּרto be imprisoned. Targ. Gen. XLII, 19; a. e. (in Talm.) Ithpe. אִיתְּסַר to be forbidden. Targ. Y. Num. XI, 10.—Ḥull. 101ᵇ ליתסר let it be forbidden. Ib. 115ᵃ מעשה שבת ליתסרו what has been prepared on the Sabbath ought to be forbidden. Yeb. 33ᵃ קא מיתסר במלאכה he is forbidden from doing labor; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֲסָרָה (אסר) the act of tying (the horses), harnessing (the chariot). Gen. R. s. 55 תבא א׳ שאסר וכ׳ the harnessing which Joseph did himself (in honor of his father, Gen. XLVI, 29) will stand against the harnessing by Pharaoh (to pursue the Israelites, Ex. XIV, 6); i.e. the merits of Joseph’s filial love will protect Israel from the hostility of Pharaoh. ↗ expanded
אִסְרָטָא = אִסְטְרָטָא, road. Targ., v. אִסְטְ׳.—Y. Shek. VII, 50ᶜ bot. א׳ דגופתא (in Bab. ed. איסרקא דגדפתה, corr. acc.). Y. M. Kat. I, 64ᵇ bot.; a. e. (interchanging with אסט׳).—Pl. אִסְרָטִיןpromenade, v. אִסְטְ׳. Y. Taan. IV, 68ᵃ bot. Y. Yeb. XII, 12ᵈ top אִסְרָטָן(?). [אִסְרָטִין troops, v. אִיסְ׳.] ↗ expanded
אִסְרַטְיוֹט = אִסְטְרַטְיוֹט.—Pl. אִסְרַטְיוֹטוֹת. Y. Pes. VIII, end, 36ᵇ א׳ היו שומרין וכ׳ (Roman) soldiers were guarding the doors of the Temple in Jerus., and they bathed (as the ceremony of admission into Judaism), and on the same evening partook of the Passover meal. [Tosef. ib. VII, 13, איצטרדיות ed. Zuck., Var. אצטדריוטות, שחרדיו׳.] ↗ expanded
אִסְתְּהַר (Ithpe. noun of סהר) [the bright,] Venus. Targ. Job XXXI, 26 (h. text אור, cmp. ibid. סהרא = ירח).—Meg. 13ᵃ why was Hădassa called Esther? או"ה קורין אותה א׳ … Ms. M. (ed. על שום א׳) the Gentiles called her Ist’har (Esther), (ed. … after Ist’har); Yalk. Esth. 1053 קורין אותה כוכב הנוגה על שם אסתהר … called her Venus corresponding to Ist’har. [Cmp. ištar = עַשְׁתֹּרֶת, Schrader KAT 176 sq.] V. אִיסְתִּירָא. ↗ expanded
אִסְתֹּומְכָא (Ithpe. noun of סמך; cmp. סוּמְכָא) the thick part, or the protection of an organ of the body, muscle, cartilage &c. Ḥull. 50ᵇ (explaining ‘the inner stomach’) א׳ דכרסא (Ar. אסט׳) the thick portion of the rumen (?). Ab. Zar. 29ᵃ א׳ דליבא the protector of the heart (or of the stomach), the cartilago ensiformis, xiphoides, v. אוּנְקְלַי I, 3; (other opinion rejected in Rashi: fleshy walls of the heart). ↗ expanded
אִסְתָּן ch. m. (Ithp. of סן, v. סנן a. שנן)the clear or cold wind, hence north-wind, North. Keth. 23ᵃ; Kidd. 12ᵇ עדים בצד אסתן the witnesses are in the North (Babylon; v. Tosaf. ib. a. v. אוריא).—Targ. Job XXXVII, 22 Ms. (ed. אִסְתַּנְיָא); h. text זהב).—Ber. 59ᵃ אתא אסתנא וכ׳ (Ms. אי׳) the northwind comes and clears the sky. Erub. 65ᵃ a Talmudic decision must be as clear כיומא דא׳ as a northwind day; Meg. 28ᵇ. Sabb. 116ᵇ. Cmp. טִיהֲרָא. ↗ expanded
אֶסְתֵּר (b. h.) pr. n. f. Esther, wife of king Ahasverus. Ex. R. s. 15 ובאה א׳ והאירה and Esther (bright star, v. אִסְתְּהַר) came and brought light. Meg. 13ᵃ; a. fr.—מגילת א׳, or only א׳, the Book of Esther. Snh. 100ᵃ. Meg. 7ᵃ, a. e. (controversy as to its canonic character). ↗ expanded
אָע (h. עֵץ) wood, woods; also wooden handle. Ezra V, 8; a. e.—Targ. O. Lev. XIV, 4; a. e. Y. Sabb. VII, 10ᶜ top, v. אֶלִּיקָה.—Pl. אָעִין. Targ. Josh. IX, 21; a. e.—Y. Pes. IV, 30ᵈ top.—Hebr. pl. אָעִים, beams. Y. Erub. I, 19ᶜ; Y. Succ. I, 52ᵃ ↗ expanded
אַעֲיָתָא (v. preced.) laths of a latticed window. Targ. Jud. V, 28 (h. אשנב). ↗ expanded
אַף 1also, too. Keth. 6ᵇ; a. fr. אף הואthe same. Aboth II, 6.—אף על פי (abbr. אע"פ) prop. even following the dictation of;אף על גב (abbr. אע"ג) prop. even on the top of, = notwithstanding, although (the former mostly in Mishnah, the latter in Gemara). Keth. V, 1 אע"פ שאמרו וכ׳ although the Rabbis have said; a. fr.—Meg. 3ᵃ אע"ג דאיהו לא חזא although he does not see it; a. v. fr.—אף על פי כן nevertheless. Snh. 98ᵃ; a. fr.—Chald. same. Targ. O. Num. XVI, 13; a. e. V. אוּף. ↗ expanded
אַף 2 v. אָנַף) prop. breath, hence nose. Midr. Till. to Ps. XVIII, 5 (interpret, ăfafuni, ib.) הגיעו הצרות עד א׳ the troubles have risen up to the nose. panting, anger.—Du. אַפַּיִם. Y. Taan. II, 65ᵇ bot. ארך אף … ארך אפים וכ׳, it does not read (Jonah IV, 2), Slow of anger but of angers, which means that He is long suffering both to the righteous and the wicked; a. fr. pr. n. m. Af, allegorical name of the angel administering justice., allegorical name of the angel administering justice. Ex. R. s. 41 end; s. 44; Deut. R. s. 3.— overheated condition, wearines. Maksh. III, 8 בשעת האף when the animal is overheated, Var. יַחַף q. v. ↗ expanded
אַף 3 , only in du. אַפַּיִםface (cheeks). ↗ expanded
אַפָּא 1 c. same; face, presence. Targ. Ez. I, 6; a. e.; v. אַנְפָּא.—Gen. R. s. 35, beg. למיחזי סבר אַפָּאִי to see my countenance. Gen. R. s. 87 it is right הדין אַפָּהּ כסי that the face of this (idol) is covered.—M. Kat. 20ᵇ באַפָּהּ in her presence, בלא א׳ in her absence.—Transf. front. Ḥull. 47ᵃ אפה וכ׳ the front (of the lungs) facing the examiner.—With ל-, towards, opposite. Snh. 72ᵃ קאי לאפאי he places himself opposite me (for defence). Pes. 111ᵇ לאפֵּיה דשמאליה (Ms. M. להדיה ש׳) towards, by his left side.—Pl. אַפִּין, אַפַּיָּא, face (b. h. אפים, פנים). Targ. Ez. I, 6; a. fr.—Pesik. R. s. 21 א׳ בא׳ face to face. Cant. R. to III, 11 the angel has חמש א׳ five faces. Lam. R. to V, 5 א׳ בשחור in darkness of countenance, in sadness. Y. B. Mets. IV, 9ᶜ bot ולא אמרין לה לכל א׳ but one must not say so in the presence of all (publicly). (only in pl.) modes, ways. Targ. Cant. I, 11.—Ned. 41ᵃ אַפֵּי הלבתא methods of talmudical disquisitions. Lam. R. to II, 2 שיתין א׳ sixty ways of interpretation. Ber. 4ᵇ בתמניא א׳ (Var. אלפין, Ms. M. אלף בית) in eight ways, eightfold acrosticon.—באפי נפשיה for itself, separately. Snh. 56ᵇ; a. fr.; v. נַפְשָׁא. esp. in the pl. אַפַּיָּא, אַפַּיָּיאcharacter, nature Esth. R. introd. א׳ חציפתא impudent people (h. . Y. Snh. X, 28ᶜ bot. and if the Lord will not hear me כל א׳ שוין all natures (divinities) are alike (proverbial expression of distrust in God); Lam. R. introd. (R. Yitsḥ. 2) Ar. (ed. אַפַּיִּין); Pesik. Shubah p. 162ᵇ; Ruth R. to II, 14. Cmp. אוֹפִי. ↗ expanded
אַפָּא 2 , nose. Targ. Lam. IV, 20; a. e. ↗ expanded
אָפָא (contr. of אַפְעָא q. v.) a striped wild animal (of the genus felis) of which the male (stronger) and the female species are distinguished, corresp. to h. צָבוּע q. v.; leopard, and hyæna striata (striped hyena). B. Kam. 16ᵃ (expl. נפרזא leopard); ib. (expl. צבוע); v. discussion ib. Yoma 84ᵃ א׳ דיכרא Ms. M. (ed. דדיכרא, corr. acc.) a male afa. [Not to be confounded with b. h. אֶפְעֶה, v. Nöld. M. Gr. p. 58 sq. note.] ↗ expanded
אַפַּדְנָא , Pers.; v. Friedr. Del. Proleg. p. 149, note) country-seat, mansion, palace. Targ. Jer. XLIII, 10 (h. text שפריר).—M. Kat. 12ᵃ. Ber. 56ᵃ. Keth. 62ᵃ גני בטולא דא׳ sleeps in the shade of his palace (at home, in safety).—Pl. אַפַּדְנֵי. Kerith. 6ᵃ (read אא׳ or with Rashi על א׳). Keth. 97ᵃ ↗ expanded
אָפֹּובַּלְסְמוֹן (ὀποβάλσαμον) juice of the balsam-tree, balsam. Gen. R. s. 27 היו מביאין א׳ ושף וכ׳ (read ושפין) they would take balsam and smear it on the stones (of the houses of the wealthy); Y. Shebi. V, 55ᵈ bot. רושמין בא׳ marked out with balsam. Y. Hor. III, 47ᶜ באפי בלסמון (corr. acc.). Gen. R. s. 39, beg. אפופל׳, אפופילסימון (corr. acc.). V. אֲפַרְסָמוֹן. ↗ expanded
*אֲפוּזְיָינֵי (ὀψιανός, sub λίθος, obsianus) obsidian beads [Rashi: of gold, thinking of פז]. Sabb. 57ᵇ Ms. M. אפוז׳ (ed. אפוזיינו, Ar. s. v. אָבְז׳ אב; Var. in Mss. אפד׳, אפיד׳, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.), expl. טוטפת, of Mish., contrad. to חומרתא דקטיפתא balsam beads, v. חוּמַרְתָּא. V. אָפְסְיָין. ↗ expanded
אַפּוּחָא (נפח or פוח) swelling, whence bulk, volume. Pes. 50ᵇ נפיש אפוחייהו Ms. Oxf. (ed. אפחזייהו, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) their bulk is large. ↗ expanded
אפוטיין , read אוֹפְסְיָין, v. אָפְסְיָין; cmp. אפוזייני. ↗ expanded
*אפוטריקא ed., אפוטרכא Ar., read פַּטְרִיאַרְכָא m. (πατριάρχης) patriarch, religious chief of the Samaritans. Gen. R. s. 94. ↗ expanded
אַפּוּכִי (אפך, הפך, cmp. חליפין) return, exchange, equivalent, settlement (cmp. esp. Targ. Prov. XXIV, 29, a. P. Sm. s. v. הפך). Lev. R. s. 34, end א׳ דידה הן היא (Yalk. Lev. 665 אִיפּוּכִין, pl.) where is the equivalent for the money spent? Ib. and of all those (praised for their deeds with ashré) לא נטל א׳ אלא זה (Yal. l. c. איפוכין) none received the promise of an equivalent except this (Ps. XLI, 2). Gen. R. s. 42 on the day of the destruction of Jerusalem נטלו ישראל אפכי Ar. (ed. אופכי) Israel received full payment for all their sins (ref. to Lam. IV, 22). Ib. א׳ גדולה ample, general settlement; Lam. R. l. c. א׳ שלימה settlement in full. [Tanḥ. Sh’moth 13, אפיפסים, corr. acc.] Num. R. s. 13; Esth. R. introd. Ruth R. introd. אופכין (corr. acc.). [Lam. R. to III, 13 אפוכי בני Mus., hostages; v. אוֹפִיכָא]—Pl. אִפֹּוכִיֹּות, אַפְכִיֹּות. Y’lamd. Sh’laḥ, quot. in Ar.; Num. R. s. 17 a citizen was paying annonaeובותב א׳ and writing agreements of converting (security for the case of forfeiture); v., however, אַנְפָּרוּת. ↗ expanded
אַפּוּלְיָאApulia, the country in the S. E. of Italy. Targ. Ezek. XXVII, 6 some ed., oth. ed. a. Ar. אִיטַלְיָא (h. text כתיים). ↗ expanded
אָפוּןbean (cmp. אפול s. v. אֲפוֹלִים). Y. Yoma IV, 43ᶜ bot. עד כא׳ only the size of a bean; v. חָאפוּן. Y. Ab. Zar. III, 43ᵃ bot. וכא׳ היה had the shape of a bean.—Pl. אֲפוּנִים, אֲפוּנִין. Kel. III, 2 א׳ הגמלונין Ar., Ms. M. (ed. הגמלנים) large beans; v. גַּמְלוֹן. Sabb. XXI, 3 (143ᵃ) שער של א׳ (Ms. L. עפ׳; ed. Sonc. פולין) the silique of the bean. Teb. Yom I, 5; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֲפוּנְדָּה (= פונדה q. v., funda) money bag, purse, suspended from the neck or from a belt. Y. Sabb. X, 12ᶜ. Sabb. X, 3 (92ᵃ; 92ᵇ) Ar. (ed. פו׳); a. fr.—Trnsf. womb. Tanḥ. Thazr. 3 האפונדיה, אפונדיה; ed. Bub. 5 פונדיה (corr. acc.); [Lev. R. s. 14 ארנקי]. ↗ expanded
*אַפֹּוסְטוֹמוֹס (Var. פוסטמוס, פס׳) pr. n. m. Apostomos (Postomos), one who is mentioned as having burned the Law [and put up an idol in the Temple]. Taan. IV, 6; Y. ib. 68ᶜᵈ; Yalk.Kings 250. [Prob. an officer of king Antioch Epiphanes of Syria; perh. a popul. corrupt. of ἀπόστολος, cmp. II Macc. VI, 1.] ↗ expanded
אִפֹּופֹּודִין (frequ. miscopied אפיפ׳, and with ר for ד) c. (ὑποπόδιον) footstool to the throne or to a high chair of distinction. Targ. Y. Ex. XXIV, 10 (corr. acc.).—Y. Ḥag. II, 77ᶜ bot. after building the throne, he makes אפו׳ שלו his foot-stool; Gen. R. s. 1; Lev. R. s. 36 (corr. acc.). Kel. XVI, 1 א׳ של בעלי הבית (in Talm. ed. בעל) the people’s footstool of the household (a folding stool, cmp. אַסְלָא II). Ib. XXIV, 7 ג׳ פנקסין יש הא׳ וכ׳ (corr. acc.) there are three boards or tablets in use (v. פנקס), that which is used as a footsool is susceptible of uncleanness by being trod upon, that with a receptacle for wax (writing tablet) gets unclean by &c. [Gen. R. s. 17; Koh. R. to III, 19, v. אֱפִיפְּיוֹן.] ↗ expanded
אַפֹּופְסִין (ἀπόφασις, ἀπόφανσις) verdict, dispensation. [Variously corrupted: איפופסין, איפוספ׳, איפרפס &c.] Y’lamd. to Gen. III, 1 quot. in Ar. (ref. to Prov. XVIII, 7) the fools give out האפופסין שלהן their own verdict. Pesik. R. s. 44 איספוסין, אפוספיס (corr. acc.). Pesik. R. s. 46 (ed. Fr. p. 187ᵇ) ניתן פאופרי read נטל א׳ he received his verdict (of expulsion from Eden). Y. Sot. VII, 21ᵈ bot.; Y. R. Hash. I, 57ᵃ bot. איפ׳; a. fr. [Tanḥ. Sh’moth 13 שנטלו אפופסים, read אַפּוּכִי.]—Midr. Till. to Ps. XVII; Yalk. Ps. 670 two curiosi (v. הנדיוסין) רצין בהפרכוס (באין באיפרפוס) (read באפופסיס) run (come) each with a verdict; v. בָּאיָין.—Lev. R. s. 21, beg. אפופסיות Ar., read with ed. אפופסיס. ↗ expanded
אפופרין Koh. R. to III, 19, v. אֱפִיפְּיוֹן ↗ expanded
אֲפוּקֵי (נפק, פוק) exit, end (= h. מוצאי). Y. Pes. IV, 30ᵈ top בא׳ שובת׳ on Sabbath night. Pes. 105ᵇ א׳ יומא dismissal of the festive day with benediction; a. fr.—Y. Peah VII, 20ᵇ, top אפיקי (corr. acc.) a. פוקי.—[לאפוקי, v. אַפֵּק.] ↗ expanded
אַפֹּוקֵי (Af. of נפק) carrying out. Targ. O. Lev. XXVI, 5 לא׳ בר זרעא until seed-time. ↗ expanded
אפורטין Lev. R. s. 25, beg. מפני א׳, Yalk. Lev. 615 אפרטין, read מפני הַפִּירָטִין, v. פִּירָטֵיס. ↗ expanded
*אָפֹּורְיָיא (ὀπωριαῖα, τὰ) fruit. Gen. R. s. 72 בשעת בִּכּוּר כל מיני א׳ Ar. (ed. איפוריא, read אוֹ׳) in the season when all kinds of fruit ripen. ↗ expanded
אַפּוּתָא (= אַפָּא) nose. Targ. Job XLI, 12 (9). front of the face, forehead. Pes. 112ᵃ ידא אא׳ וכ׳ the hand on the forehead is one step to sleep. Ber. 44ᵃ, v. דִּידְבָא.—Taan. 25ᵃ מאַפּוּתֵיה out of his forehead. Ib. אפותאִי ed. (read אאפ׳), v. אִסְקוּטְלָא I.—Ab. Zar. 26ᵃ אאפותיה Ar. (ed. אפותא, Ms. M. אפותיה, corr.) on its (the child’s) forehead. Sabb. 80ᵇ, v. אַנְדִּיפָא. ↗ expanded
אַפֹּותִּיקִי (ἀποθήκη) store-house, store. Targ. Y. I Gen. XXIV, 2. Ib. v. 10 שפר א׳ וכ׳ the best things of his store (Y. II אַפּוּתְיָקִי …, Ar. only דְּיָתִיקִי, v. Gen. R. s. 59).—Y. Sabb. IV, beg. 6ᵈ bot., opp. to אצל בעה"ב in dwelling rooms, cmp. הֶפְתֵּק.—Pl. h. אַפֹּותִּיקָאוֹת. Ex. R. s. 30 יש לך א׳ וכ׳ hast thou store-houses where to put them?—Ch. אַפֹּותִּיקַיָּא, אַפֹּותִּיקֵי. Targ. Y. I Deut. XXXII, 34; a. e.—Y. Ned. IX, 41ᶜ bot. ↗ expanded
אִפֹּותִּיקִי (ὑποθήκη) pledge, mortgage; an object made a security without being placed in the possession of the pledgee, opp. to מַשְׁכּוֹן.—B. Kam. 96ᵃ שווייה ניהליה א׳ וכ׳ he made it a mortgage by saying, ‘You can pay yourself only out of this thing’. Ib. 11ᵇ עשה עבדו א׳ if he mortgaged his slave; a. fr. mortgage-document, deed. Tosef. Shebi. VIII, 6 שטר שיש בו א׳ (ed. Zuck. הִפֹּותִּקִי) a note (contract) containing a mortgage obligation. Ex. R. s. 31 כתוב לי א׳ על וכ׳ give me a mortgage on thy field.—Pl. אִפֹּותִּיקָאוֹת. B. Mets. 19ᵃ דייתיקאות א׳ וכ׳ (Ms. M. הפותיקו׳, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) wills, mortgage deeds &c. Tosef. Sabb. VIII (IX), 13 שטרי דייתיקי וא׳ ed. Zuck. (ed. הפות׳, read והפ׳). ↗ expanded
אָפֵז (= b. h. פָּזַז) to dance, leap, sport. Gen. R. s. 68 (emphasizing bo, Gen. XXVIII, 12 as referring to Jacob) אֲפֵזִים בו וכ׳ sporting with him. ↗ expanded
אַפְחֲזָא (פחז) levity, wantonness. Snh. 57ᵃ דקא מגלי אפחזייהו Ar. (ed. אורחייהו; Var. lect. v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 7) the Bible text describes their wantonness, lewdness.—Pes. 50ᵇ, v. אַפּוּחָא. ↗ expanded
אַפְטוֹרִיקִיAftoriki. B. Mets. 5ᵃ אבוה דר׳ א׳; Ḥull. 64ᵇ … דוסתאי (Dostai) the father of R. A. (Y. Yoma IV, 41ᵈ top פטרוקי אחוה וכ׳ Patruki, brother of R. Darosa). ↗ expanded
אֶפְטֵט (= פִּיטְפּוּט; v. בטט) puppets of clay, a set of clay (or metal) pins to put pots on for cooking, pot-stand. Tosef. Kel. B. Mets. I, 12 א׳ שיש בו וכ׳ a pot-stand containing metal. Tosef. Nidd. VII, 3 אפטי (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
אַפְטָרָה (פטר, Nif. נִפְטַרto part; v. הַפְטָרָה) farewell-address, homiletic observations made on parting with the host that entertained scholars, toast (in praise of hospitality, charity, support of students &c.). Gen. R. s. 60 R. Y. עבד לה א׳ used the (preceding) text for a toast; a. fr. v. אַפְטַרְתָּא↗ expanded
אַפְטַרְתָּא (v. אַפְטָרָה) prop. conclusion, esp. Aftarah, or Haftarah, i.e. the prophetic lesson read in Synagogue after the reading from the Pentateuch. Pes. 117ᵇ דא׳ (the benediction) belonging to the Aft.—*Gitt. 60ᵃ ספר א׳ (or pl. אַפְטָרָתָא) prob. a book containing homiletic notes for toasts &c., v. אַפְטָרָה. [V. Rapap. Er. Mill. p. 167.]—Cmp. הַפְטָרָה. ↗ expanded
אפי ² , v. אפף) [to heat, darken, cmp. חמץ,] to bake. Keth. V, 5 ואוֹפָה and must bake. Pes. 116ᵃ. Y. Ab. Zar. V, 45ᵃ bot. א׳ ג׳ תנורים baked three ovenfulls of bread; a. fr.—Part. pass. אָפוּי baked, (as a noun) pastry. Pesik. R. s. 16 א׳ אחד וכ׳ (some ed. עפוי; Pesik. Eth Korb. p. 58ᵇ, Yalk. Num. 777 שבוי corr. acc.) I charged thee with the furnishing of one kind of pastry (to supply the governor’s household).—Pl. אֲפוּיִים. Mekh. Bs’hall. Vay. 4.—Fem. אֲפוּיָה. Gen. R. s. 67 (play on epho, Gen. XXVII, 37) פתך א׳ thy bread is baked, thou shalt have to eat without labor. Ib. פורניתא א׳ (read פורניתך), v. פּורָנִית a. פּוֹרְנִי. Nif. נֶאֱפָהto be baked. Cant. R. to IV, 11 (play on epho, v. supra) מי נ׳ בתנור זה who is to be baked in this oven (hell)?—Men. XI, 1; a. e. Hithpa. הִתְאַפֶּהsame. Mekh. l. c. היה מִתְאַפֶּה became baked of itself. Sifré Num. 89 המתְאַפִּים בתנור things baked in the oven. ↗ expanded
אָפֵי Targ. Gen. XIX, 3; a. fr.—Men. 94ᵃ כיון דא׳ לה after he baked it. Sabb. 63ᵇ למֵיפָא to bake.—אָפָן, אָפְיָיתָאbaking women, bakers. Targ. I Sam. VIII, 13.—Ber. 58ᵇ שתין א׳ sixty bakers.—Ib. ואפיין and they used to bake. Y. Bets. IV, 62ᶜ bot. אתת מופה (read מֵיפָה) she came in order to bake; a. fr. Ithpe. אִתְאָפֵיto be baked. Targ. Lev. VI, 10; a. e. ↗ expanded
אֶפִּיטְרוֹפָּא form = next w.) m. (ch. form = next w.) guardian, administrator; procurator (of a Roman district). B. Mets. 39ᵃ א׳ לדיקנני וכ׳ we appoint no guardian for the bearded (adults). Y. ib. III, beg. 9ᵃ לעשות בה א׳ to appoint another person as an administrator of the hired or loaned object. Lam. R. to V, 12 א׳ עליל לקרתא a governor (proconsul) entered a town.—Pl. אֶפִּיטְרוֹפַּיָּא. Pesik. Asser p. 95ᵇ אילין א׳ וכ׳ those Roman proconsuls that go out visiting the country places (cmp. Ex. R. s. 31, end). fem. administratrix; v. אֶפִּיטְרוֹפְיָא. ↗ expanded
אֶפִּיטְרוֹפּוֹס ( m. (ἐπίτροπος) same. Targ. Y. Gen. XXXIX, 4; a. e.—B. Mets. 39ᵃ מעמידין א׳ the court appoints an administrator. Y. Ter. I, 40ᵇ bot. א׳ לעולם a permanent administrator (guardian), א׳ לשעה a temporary administrator (substitute). Ex. R. s. 46 מתגדלת אצל א׳ reared in the house of a guardian; a. fr.—Sabb. 121ᵃ א׳ של מלך royal administrator (of the fiscus).—Trnsf. Keth. 13ᵇ, a. e. אין א׳ לעריות there is no guardian (no means of guarding) against inchastity; Y. ib. I, 25ᵈ top א׳ על עריות.—Pl. אֶפִּיטְרוֹפְסִים, אֶפִּיטְרוֹפְסִין, אַפַּטְרְפִין אֶפִּיטְרוֹפִין. Targ. Y. Gen. XLI, 34. Pes. VIII, 1. Esth. R. to I, 2; a. fr.—Tosef. Ter. V, 7 תרומת א׳ T’rumah set apart by administrators in behalf of minors. Y. ib. l. c.—Gen. R. s. 6; Yalk. Gen. 9 אפיטרופולין (corr. acc.); a. fr. [Yalk. Ps. 771 אפיקורוס twice, read our w.] ↗ expanded
אֶפִּיטְרוֹפְיָאadministratrix, guardian. Keth. IX, 6 (86ᵇ) (Mish. ed. פא …, Talm. ed. פיא …). B. Bath. 144ᵃ פא … Y. Keth. IX, 33ᵃ top אפיטרופא, אפטרפא a. אפטרפוס. Tosef. ib. IX, 3. ↗ expanded
אֶפִּיטְרוֹפְסוּת (denom. of אפיטרופוס) guardianship, administration. Tosef. B. Bath. II, 5 (אפיטרוסות ed. Zuck., corr. acc.); Tosef. Keth. IX, 3 יוצא מאפיטרופסותו when he has ceased to be an administrator. ↗ expanded
אֲפִיָיה 1 (אפי) baking. Y. Sabb. VII, 10ᵇ bot. א׳ תולדה לבישול baking is a labor forbidden on the Sabbath as a species of cooking; v. אָב II. Men. 94ᵃ; a. fr.—Pl. אֲפִיּוֹת. Y. Pes. III, 30ᵇ top כדי שתי א׳ twice the time required for baking. [Y. Ned. VII, 40ᵇ bot. הנודר מן הא׳, read חֲפִירָה as Tosef. Ned. IV, 3.] ↗ expanded
אִפְּיַיטְרוֹס (ἱππίατρος) veterinary surgeon. Num. R. s. 9. ↗ expanded
אַפְיָין (אפי) bake-fish (cmp. סולתנות), a small fish believed to grow scales when reaching a certain age. Ḥull. 66ᵃ bot. Ar. אפיין (ed. עפיאן); Ab. Zar. 39ᵃ עפיץ ed. (Ms. M. עפאץ, read עפיין, עפיאן); Tosef. Ḥull. III (IV), 27 אנפיא ed. Zuck. (Var. נפיא). ↗ expanded
אָפִילslow to ripen, late in the season. M. Kat. 6ᵃ א׳ late produces, opp. בַּכִּיר. Gen. R. s. 61, beg. זרע בא׳ sow at the advanced season. Fem. אֲפִילָהadvanced autumn, rainy season. Y. Taan. I, 64ᵃ bot.—Pl. אֲפִילוֹת. Y. R. Hash. III, beg. 47ᵇ sheeps which conceive late in the season.—קרן אפיל, v. אָפֵל II. ↗ expanded
אֲפֵילָא M. Kat. 6ᵇ אפלא וקא משוי לה וכ׳ Ms. M. (ed. א׳ קא, diff. vers. in Rashi) it is a slowly growing garden and by watering he makes it fast growing.—Pl. m. אֲפֵילֵי, אַפְלֵי. Targ. Koh. XI, 2 late seeds. Taan. 3ᵇ אפילי late clouds (after the rain), v. חָרְפָא. Nidd. 65ᵇ חרפי ואפלי earlier and later crops (in two succeeding years, so that the interval of time varies). Pl. f. אֲפֵילָתָא, אַפְלָתָא. Targ. O. Ex. IX, 32. R. Hash. 8ᵃ late conceiving, sluggish sheep, opp. חָרְפְּיָיתָא. ↗ expanded
אֲפֵילָה ²darkness. Gen. R. s. 89 beg. (mental darkness; trials &c.); v. אוֹפֶל. ↗ expanded
אֲפִילּוּ (abbrev. אפי׳) (= אַף אִילּוּ) even if, although, even. Targ. Ps. XIV, 3 (h. text גם); a. e.—R. Hash. 25ᵃ (reading אתם Lev. XXIII, 2; 4; 37 as if אַתֶּם) ‘which ye will proclaim’, אתם אפי׳ וכ׳ye even if erring in the appointment of the festive calendar &c., i.e. the appointment of the Supreme Court is definite and binding. Ber. 9ᵃ, a. fr. א׳ לרבנן even if following the opinion of &c.; a. v. fr. [Cant. R. end א׳ להחריבו, v. next w.] ↗ expanded
אַפִּילוֹן (ἀπειλῶν, ἀπειλέων, part. pres. of ἀπειλέω, prob. borrowed fr. Aquila to Ps. CIV, 32) threatening. Y. Ber. IX, 13ᶜ bot. הוא א׳ לעולמו להחריבו He looks upon his world threatening to destroy it. Cant. R. end, that time חושב הקב"ה אפילו להחריבו וכ׳ (read אפילון לעולמו להח׳) the Lord plans threatening &c. Y’lamd. beg. (quot. in Ar. with ref. to Ps. l. c.) מסתכל אפיליון של עולם (read על עולמו) He looks threatening upon His world; cmp. Midr. Till. to Ps. XVIII, 8; Yalk.Sam. 158. ↗ expanded
אַפִּילוֹן ² (πυλών, πυλεών) gate-way. Ber. 16ᵇ נכנס לאפיליון Ar. (ed. אנפילון, Ms. F. לבית המרחץ, read לבית החצר, Treat. S’maḥ. I, 10 לחצר). ↗ expanded
אפימיות , Pirké d’R. El. ch. X, read אוֹפְסְיָינִיּוֹת; v. אמפומיות ↗ expanded
אֶפִּימְלֵיטֵיס (ἐπιμελήτης) manager, commissioner. Tosef. B. Bath. X, 5 אפומ׳ ed. Zuck. (ed. אפולמוטוס, corr. acc.). B. Bath. 144ᵇ פולמוסטוס ed. (Ms. פומליטוס, oth. var. v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 2; corr. acc.). Men. 85ᵇ פולמוסטוס ed. (Ar. פלמיטוס); corr. acc. ↗ expanded
אֶפִּיסְטוֹלִי (ἐπιστολαί) message, injunction, last will. Gen. R. s. 74 end, ed.; v. אִסְטְלִי II. Y’lamd. to Deut. II, 2 (quot. in Ar. ed. pr.; oth. ed. פיסטולי). ↗ expanded
אַפִּיפְיָירוֹת (פִּיפְיָרוּת, רִית—f. sing.) (√פר, cmp. b. h. פרפר = בקעto split; cmp. פַּרְפֶּרֶת, a. פְּרִיפְרִיוֹת, פִּרְפְּרָאוֹת) split pieces of wood, laths, slabs used for espaliers, also as frames for decorative hangings. Y. Sot. IX, end, 24ᶜ; Tosef. Sot. XV, 9 אבל עושה הוא אפיפיי׳ וכ׳ but one may make lath frames and hang thereon whatever decorations he may desire. [Bab. ib. 49ᵇ פִּפְיָרִית; Rashi פְּרִיפְרִית sing.] Kil. VI, 3 על מקצת א׳ on a portion of the espaliers. Ib. VII, 3 מותר א׳ the balance of the espaliers (on which no vine is trained). Kel. XVII, 3 אפי׳ וכ׳ (Ar. פי׳; Mish. אפו׳) frames for hangings to which reeds were fastened from the bottom upward (crosswise) for support. Tosef. Kel. B. Mets. VI, 6 (a. freq. in comment.) פִּיפְיָארוֹת. Ib. פִּיפְיָארוּת שאינה וכ׳ a frame (baldachin) which cannot be taken up by its handles and carried through the door (outside).—Ch. פֵּיפוּרָא, פִּיפְיוֹרָא. V. also פּוּרְיָא a. אַפִּרְיוֹן. [ר softened into י, cmp. חצוצרה.] ↗ expanded
*אפיפסדוס Y. Ter. VIII, 46ᵇ לא מטון א׳ וכ׳, prob. to be read לא מטון לפלמירא וכ׳ they (the would-be captors of R. Isi) had not arrived at Palmyra before all of them (the royal court &c.) were gone (carried into captivity). V. זנביא↗ expanded
אָפִיקto break through, go forth; b) to be a free man, ruler) spring, rivulet(ch. .—Pl. אֲפִיקִים. Ab. Zar. 54ᵇ bot. ruler. Pl. as above. Cant. R. to V, 12 (allud. to ăfiké mayim, Cant. ib.) שהם א׳ על וכ׳ they (the scholars) are appointed officers over the waters of the Law. ↗ expanded
אֲפִיקוֹלוֹס (?) pr. n. m. Aphikolos. Tosef. Ḥull. VIII, 3; cmp. אבקולס. V. אַפִּיקוֹרִין. ↗ expanded
אַפִּיקוֹרָא (פקר, v. next w.) an irreverent person, scorner. Pl. אַפִּיקוֹרֵי. Ned. 23ᵃ דשכיחי א׳ וכ׳ for it occurs frequently that disrespectful persons attack the scholars. ↗ expanded
אַפִּיקוֹרוֹס (פקרס, enlarg. of פקר, cmp. פרכס &c.; cmp. אפקרסין) one irreverent of authority or religion, sceptic, heretic. [The peculiar form and also the meaning assigned to our w. found a ready support in its phonetic coincidence with Epicurus, the philosopher; cmp. N. T. Acta XVII, 18. The derivatives of our w. and those of the plain root פקר interchange frequently.] Snh. X (XI), 1, the following have no share in the world to come … וא׳ and the Ep.; Y. ib. XI, 27ᵈ bot. כהן דאמר אהן ספרא וכ׳ as the one who (speaking of the Law) says (sneeringly) ‘That book’, or ‘Those Rabbis’. Bab. ib. 99ᵇ (similar definition). Ab. II, 14 ודע מה שתשיב לא׳ that you may know what to reply to the sceptic; cmp. Snh. 38ᵇ; a. fr.—Pl. אַפִּיקוֹרְסִין, סִים …, אַפִּיקוֹרוֹ׳. R. Hash. 17ᵃ Yalk. Num. 764. Ḥag. 5ᵇ מאי תיהוי עלן מא׳ how shall we henceforth cope with the heretics?, i.e. opponents of tradition (Jew-Christians; cmp. מִין a. Snh. 38ᵇ).—Cmp. אַפְקָרוּתָא.—Denom. אַפִּיקוֹרוֹסִית, v. אַפִּיקוֹרְסוּת. ↗ expanded
*אַפִּיקוֹרִין , only in בא׳ as adv. (v. preced. ws.) without restraint. Ḥull. 104ᵇ עוף וגבינה נאכלין בא׳ (Ar. רין …, ed. רן …, some ed. אפיק׳, without prefix ב) poultry and cheese may be eaten without restraint, expl. ibid. בלא נטיל׳ וכ׳ without intermission by washing hands &c. *[A marginal note referring to the opinion of אפיקולוס, Tosef. Ḥull. VIII, 3, has been mistaken for a var. lect. of our w., as אפקיליס, אפוקלוס, אפיקולוס, אפקוליס, and another glossator, prob. thinking of facialis, φακίολης, added פי׳ מטלית—all of which was interpolated in Alfasi a. l., a. in Ar. s. v. אפיקורין.] ↗ expanded
אַפִּיקוֹרְסוּת (denom. of אפיקורוס) licentiousness, scepticism. Kidd. 66ᵇ נזרקה בו א׳ (some ed. רוֹסִית …) scepticism (Sadduceism) came over him. ↗ expanded
אַפִּיקְטְוִיזִין (corr. אַפּוֹ׳) f. (ἀποκοτταβίζειν) orig. playing at cottabus, or squirting wine into a bowl; trnsf. (S.) the gourmand’s practice of taking an emetic before meal; to vomit. Sabb. 12ᵃ; 123ᵃ; 123ᵇ. Ib. XXII, 6. Tosef. ib. XVI (XVII), 22, Var. ed. Zuck. אפקטויזין. Succ. 40ᵇ; B. Kam. 102ᵃ; Sifra B’har ch. I, end אפיקטפיזים (corr. acc.). [A noun ἀποκοττάβισις to which our w. would correspond, is not in the vocabulary.] ↗ expanded
אַפִּיקִילְטָא (ἐμποκιλτὰ, ποικιλτὰ, τὰ) embroidered garments (quoted as Aquila’s translation of רקמה Ez. XVI, 10; LXX ποικίλα). Pesik. B’shall. p. 84ᵇ. Cant. R. to IV, 11; 12 איפליקתא, אפליקטא (corr. acc.). Lam. R. beg. תרגם אונק׳ אפלקטורין פליקטא (read עקילס, and corr. acc. by striking out one of the two words as var. lect. that came into the text; cmp. Pesik. l. c. note). ↗ expanded
אֲפִיקֵירוֹסEpicærus, a town East of the Jordan (Ptol. V, 16, 9), in Targ. corresp. to h. מַעֲכָה. Targ. Deut. III, 14, O. אפקי׳; Y. II קריית אפיק׳ (Y. I corrupt קורוי ואנטיקירוס). Targ. Josh. XII, 5; XIII, 11; 13. ↗ expanded
אָפַךְto turn, change, reverse, overthrow. Kil. II, 3 say not I will plant ואח"כ אוֹפַךְ and then turn the soil over (destroy the previous seed) אלא אוֹפֵךְ Ar. (ed. הוֹפֵךְ) but one must first uproot &c. (cmp. אוכל fr. אָכַל). Ter. IX, 1; Tosef. Kil. I, 16 יוֹפַךְ he shall &c. Ib. end לייפך ed. Zuck. (Var. לוֹפַךְ) to uproot. ↗ expanded
אֲפַךְ , Af. אָפִיךְ, Pa. אַפַךְ ch. to turn (act. a. neut.) also to turn around, to flee; to make turn around, to beat. Targ. Ps. LXXVIII, 9. Targ. I Chron. VIII, 13; a. fr.—Y. Kil. IX, 32ᶜ top אפיך אפיך turn around, turn around. Men. 25ᵇ, a. fr. איפוך reverse it, or, I reverse it. Ib. ומי מצית אפכת לה how can you reverse it? Gitt. 69ᵇ ונַפְּכֵיה let him reverse it; a. fr.—(With שבועה) to reverse the oath, shift the oath over to the opponent. Shebu. 41ᵃ in a case where the Biblical law prescribes an oath לא מַפְכִינָן we allow it not to be shifted over to the claimant; a. fr.—Sabb. 31ᵃ אפיך ליה he reversed it, i.e. recited the alphabet to him in inverted order. Yeb. 63ᵃ א׳ לה he said to her just the reverse. Gitt. 67ᵇ מֵיפַךְ אפכי they will do the reverse; a. fr. to overturn, destroy. Taan. 25ᵃ דאפכיה לעלמא מרישא (Ms. M. דאחרב) that I should destroy the world. (cmp. אִיכְפַּת) to have to do with, care for, mind. Y. Bets. I, 60ᵃ bot.; Y. Shebi. IX, 38ᶜ top; Y. Erub. III, 21ᵇ bot. (read:) מה אפך לן פתילה גבי וכ׳ what does the law about wicks concern us when speaking of the egg, i.e. what relation is there between the two? Y. Ter. VIII, 46ᵃ top מה אפך לן מִצְוֹת וכ׳ what relation is there between religious laws and sanitary precautions concerning snake-bitten fruit? Ib. מה אפכיי וכ׳ (corr. acc.). to move about, travel, traffic. Ab. Zar. 31ᵇ כ"ע אפכי all the people are about, on the road. to pay in return, to retaliate, v. הֲפַךְ a. אַפּוּכִי.Ithpe. אִתְּפִיךְ, אִתְּפַךְ, , אִי׳ to change off. Bets. 10ᵇ איתפוכי אתפך (old ed. correctly אתְּפוּךְ, mod. ed. אתהפוכי אתהפוך, Ms. M. והפוכי) they changed places. Deriv. אַפּוּכִי, אִיפְּכָא. ↗ expanded
אָפַל , only in Hif. הֶאֱפִיל (denom. of אָפֵל q. v.) to make dark, obscure. Sabb. 86ᵃ bot. מַאֲפִיל בטליתו he makes dark by spreading his cloak (cover) over himself. Y. B. Bath. III, 13ᶜ top עומד ומא׳ the tree stands there and takes the light away.—2) to be late in ripening, giving birth, &c.; to have late crops. Y. Shebi. V, beg. 35ᵈ שנים מַאֲפִילוֹת years slow in ripening, when the crop is delayed. Gen. R. s. 99 שהיא מַאֲפֶלֶת which has late crops. ↗ expanded
אֲפַלPa.אַפֵּיל as foreg. Hif. 1). B. Bath. 7ᵃ קא מאפלת עלי thou makest my building dark, obstructest my light. ↗ expanded
אָפֵל 1 (√אף, v. אפף; cmp. אבל, הבל) [thick vapory,] dark. Sabb. 86ᵃ, a. fr. בית א׳ a dark (windowless) house.—אֲפֵילָה f. dark place. Y. Naz. IX, 57ᵈ top; Pes. 81ᵇ בא׳, במים in water or in a dark place (cave).—Pl. fem. אֲפֵילוֹת. Lev. R. s. 9 מבואות א׳ dark alleys; a. fr. heavy, sluggish, slow, late. Denom. האפיל, v. אָפַל. ↗ expanded
אָפֵל 2Keren Afel (Dark-Horn), name of a height. Taan. 22ᵇ עד שישב וכ׳ Ms. M. (ed. שיעמוד) until one sits on Ker. Afel and can bathe his feet in water. Ib. חזייא לי קרן א׳ … ed. (Ms. ההיא דוכתא) I have seen (that place) K. A. ↗ expanded
אַפַּלְיוֹן (pallium, παλλίον) pallium, a sheet worn as a cloak and used for bed-cover. Sabb. 120ᵃ Ar. a. Rashi (ed. אפיליות, Ms. M. פיליון, corr. acc.). Y. ib. XVI, 15ᵈ top פיליון (corr. acc.). Nidd. VIII, 1 וכן בפליום Mish. (Bab. ed. פוליוס, corr. acc., Var. פליון). Treat. S’maḥoth XII מאפלוני, read מֵאַפַּלְיוֹנִי. ↗ expanded
אַפַּמְיָא (= פַּמְיָיס q. v.) Paneas in Northern Galilee (Cæsarea). Y. Kil. IX, 32ᶜ bot. ימא דא׳ the lake of P.—Y. Ḥall. IV, end, 60ᵇ (?). Apamæa in Babylon; v. אִסְפַּמְיָא 2). ↗ expanded
אַפַּנְטֵי (ἀπαντή = ἀπάντησις) encountering.—לא׳ (= εἰς ἀπαντήν, h. לקראת) to meet, to receive. Tanḥ. Emor 22 לא׳ של טלך to salute the king. Pesik. R. Ten Command. 1 לא׳ של מלך וכ׳ (some ed. לאנפטי, corr. acc.) to salute his father the king. Cant. R. to I, 12 לאפנתי (corr. acc.). Y. Ab. Zar. II, 41ᵇ bot. לפגטי; Midr. Sam. ch. VII לאפרכי דידיה (corr. acc., or Var. לאפי). [Yalk. Esth. 1058 לאנפטי some ed., read: אַנְבְּטֵי.] ↗ expanded
אַפַּנְקְרִיסִין (transposition of קַפְרִיסִין, with נ inserted) caper-fruit. Y. Sabb. III, 5ᵈ top א׳ Ar. (ed. פ׳). Ib. I, 3ᶜ bot. פנקריסים (read … ין); Y. Ab. Zar. II, 41ᵈ פ׳. [In parallel places קַפְרִיסִין q. v.] ↗ expanded
אַפַּנְתָּא (פנה, v. פנים; cmp. אַפּוּתָא fr. אַף) upper, (front), a kind of legging connected with a shoe or sole over which straps are drawn for fastening; corresp. to h. מַנְעַל. Taan. 12ᵇ מסיימי א׳ (Ms. M. פַּנְתָּאֵי pl.) having put on appantas (on a public fast-day). Yeb. 102ᵃ הוה ליה א׳ מֵעַל וכ׳ (ed. פ׳; v. Ar. ed. Koh. s. v.) the panta is one ‘from on’ (referring to Deut. XXV, 9 ‘and she shall strip his shoe from on his foot’), and the thong a ‘from on’ of a ‘from on’, i.e. panta and thong are two coverings. Ber. 43ᵇ ולא אמרו אלא בא׳ (ed. בפ׳) this applies only to the panta (upper). ↗ expanded
אָפֵס , v. פסס to cut off) to be gone.—[As a noun: there is an end of …] B. Bath. 111ᵃ אפס (דברי) זכריה (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) (the words of) Zachariah (to whom you refer as an authority) are (is) gone, i.e. they are no authority. homiletically used as though a Greek word (ἄφες) let go, leave alone. Pesik. Vattomer p. 130ᵃ (ref. to heäfes, Ps. LXXVII, 9) לשון יוני הוא כמד"א אָפֵיס it is a Greek word, as if you were to say, afes (let alone); Lam. R. to I, 2 וכמד"א אמר אפס (strike out ואמר, a. read אפיס); Ex. R. s. 45 לשון יוני אפס הניח in Greek aphes means, (he) let go; Yalk. Ps. 816.—[Gen. R. s. 40 (ref. to efes Jud. IV, 9); omitted in Yalk. Gen. 67,—an interpolation from passages quoted above.] ↗ expanded
אָפֵס ²Afes, an Amora. Sabb. 59ᵇ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אָפְסוֹנִין (ὀψώνιον) provision, marketing. Tanḥ. Tsav 1 כבר שלחתי אפסונין וכ׳ (some ed. גין …) I have already sent the marketing to thy house (bribing the market commissioner); Yalk. Lev. 479 אופסנון; Mic. 555 אופסיטן (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
אַפִּסְטְקִין (πιστάκια, τὰ) the fruits of the pistachio-tree. Y. Dem. II, beg. 22ᵇ; Y. Maasr. I, 48ᵈ bot. איפ׳; cmp. אִלְצָרִין. ↗ expanded
אַפְסִינְתִּין (ἀψίνθιον) absynth, worm-wood. Ab. Zar. 30ᵃ מר א׳ the bitter wine is that of absynth (absinthites); v. פסינטון. ↗ expanded
אָפְסַנְיָא (ὀψώνιον, cmp. אָפְסוֹנִין) provision, esp. supply and pay for an army. Snh. 18ᵇ מלך משום א׳ the king (is excluded from the court deciding on the intercalation of a thirteenth month) on account of the soldiers’ pay (it being to his interest to create an embolistic year). Ib. II, 4 (21ᵇ) (Mish. a. Ib. ed. אספ׳ throughout the whole page, Ms. M. אפס׳) כדי ליתן א׳ as much as is required for the stipends he has to pay. Y. Snh. II, 20ᶜ top אפסנייא.—Pl. אָפְסַנְיוֹת (doubtful, prob. אַכְסַנְיוּת). Cant. R. to I, 2 שהיה מהלך א׳ (read מחלק, ed. אפסיניות, אפיסניות). Sifré Deut. 328; Yalk. ib. 946 אָפְסַנְיָאוֹת. ↗ expanded
*אַפְסְקִימָא (a corruption of σκίφινος) (rope) twisted of palm-leaves, (v. Löw Pfl. p. 118). Erub. 58ᵃ ed. a. Ms. (Ar. אפקימא). ↗ expanded
אַפְסָר (Pers. afsâr, Fl. to Levy Targ. Dict. I, 418ᵇ; ψάλλιον) bit. Sabb. V, 1; a. e. ↗ expanded
אַפְסָרָא Targ. Y. Num. XIX, 2.—Trnsf. the means of taking possession, as possession is taken of the horse by seizing it by the bit. Kidd. 27ᵃ שטר דא׳ דארעא וכ׳ the deed is valueless in itself as it is merely the bit of landed property. B. Bath. 53ᵇ מצר א׳ דארעא the balk is &c. (taking possession of which is equal to taking possession of the fields to which it belongs). ↗ expanded
*אפסתיק (supposed to be an adapt. of ὀψοθήκη) wallet. Gen. R. s. 70 when Laban could not see אפי׳ אפסתקיתיה (יתי …, Yalk. Gen. 124 אפסתיק׳ without אפי׳, Ar. omits אפי׳, Lonz. אפיסטוקתיא, Rashi אפסט׳ without אפי׳) even his (Jacob’s) wallet. [Prob. to be read חמי אַפּוֹתִּיקִי דידיה … or אַפוֹתִּיקַיָּתֵיה, cmp. Targ. Y. Gen. XXIV, 10.] ↗ expanded
אַפְעָא (contr. אָפָא; corresp. to h. צָבוּעַ; אפעto color, cmp. אפה) [the checkered,] hyena or leopard. Pl. אַפְעַיָּא. Targ. I Sam. XIII, 18 (h. text צְבֹעִים). ↗ expanded
אֶפְעֶה , v. אוּפְיָא; cmp., however foreg. w.) [the foaming,] viper, adder. Bekh. 8ᵃ. Gen. R. s. 20. ↗ expanded
אָפַףto swell, to bend; to press, to surround, to heat, to darken, (v. אפי, אנף, אפל, אפץ &c.). Midr. Till. to Ps. XVIII, 5, v. next w.—Denomin. ↗ expanded
אָפַץ (√אף, v. אפף; cmp. חפץ) to press, squeeze, contract.—Part. pass. אָפוּץ. Ohol. IX, 3 a gap which was filled with straw או אֲפוּצָה or was made narrower by squeezing the parts together (e.g. pressing the lid down). Tosef. ib. X, 6 אֲפוּסָה a narrowing of the gap by pressing. Y. Sabb. III, 6ᶜ באפוצה when the wick is compressed in the candlestick. Ib. V, beg. 7ᵇ באֲפוּצִים when the vessels are closely packed. Y. Pes. I, 27ᶜ top אֲפוּצוֹת. ↗ expanded
אֲפַץ , esp. to useאַפְצָא q. v., to dress or prepare with gall-nut juice.—Part. pass. אָפִיץ, עָפִיץ. Meg. 19ᵃ top ולא א׳ Ms. M. (ed. ע׳) a skin not moistened with gall-nut. Gitt. 19ᵃ הא דאֲפִיצָן Rashi (ed. אפיץ) in the one case it means when the parchment has been dressed &c. Ib. 11ᵃ; 19ᵇ.—Ib. 22ᵃ; Sabb. 79ᵃ ע׳. ↗ expanded
אַפְקוֹתָא (אפק, v. אָפִיק) that which branches off the trunk, neck. Targ. Y. Lev. VII, 30 (20). Targ. I Sam. IV, 18 Ar. (Var. אפרק׳, פרק׳, פקותא). א׳ דדיקלא that portion of the palm-tree where the ramification starts (Oth. opin. the ramification, upper portion). Succ. 13ᵃ. Nidd. 24ᵃ אַפְקְתָא וכ׳. ↗ expanded
אַפְקַעְתָּא (פקע) cancellation of obligations, exceptional legislation. דמלכא א׳a special royal dispensation (with reference to the suspensions of rights connected with the Sabbath and Yobel years). B. Mets. 106ᵃ; 109ᵃ.—Ib. 39ᵃ ↗ expanded
אַפְקָרוּתָא (פקר; v. אַפִּיקוֹרוֹס) making free, irreverence, contempt of the Law and its teachers. M. Kat. 16ᵃ לאפיק׳ לאלתר for contempt of the Law excommunication is pronounced forth with (without warning). Snh. 100ᵃ מי מיחזי כי אפק׳ Ms. M. (ed. incorr. נמי מיחזי כו׳) does that look like showing irreverence (to one’s teacher)? Erub. 63ᵃ same (with מתחזי for מיחזי). [Snh. l. c. second time כה"ג מיחזי א׳, corr. as above.] ↗ expanded
אַפְקְרָסִי (v. preced.) of an irreverent, rebellious disposition. Y. Snh. X, 27ᵈ bot. ↗ expanded
אַפְקַרְסִין f. pl. (also used as sing. a. m.) (פקר, with format. ס; v. אפיקורוס; cmp. אַבְרְקִין, פַּקְרְסִין, סַבְרִיקִין, סְפַרְקִין, a. אוּנְקְלַי II) undress, (negligee), whence underwear, the garment next to the skin, shirt, bathing or night gown, sheet. Y. Ber. II, 4ᶜ top אפיק׳ היה וכ׳ he had an undergarment on beneath; cmp. Pesik. R. s. 22.—Pesik. Shek. p. 15ᵇ sq. אפיקריסין (sing. a. pl.); Lev. R. s. 24; (Lev. R. s. 2 פרקסין, פקרסין). Y. Pes. VIII, 36ᵇ top המעביר בא׳ he who carries a skeleton wrapped in sheets; Y. M. Kat. I, 80ᵈ top.—Ib. III, end, 83ᵈ אין א׳ מעכבת (Bab. ib. 22ᵇ אַפִּיקַרְסוּתוֹ) his underwear (shirt) forms no check (but must likewise be rent; diff. in Rashi a. l.). Treat. S’maḥoth XII אפיקריסין (Tur Yor. Deah 203 אפרסקא). [Pesik. R. l. c. אפיקריתים, אפיקרייתם corr. acc.]—Deriv. אַפְקַרְסוּת, אַפִּי׳ &c., underwear. Ber. 23ᵇ one may wrap up &c. &c. באפקרסותו Ar. (Ms. M. באפקרי׳, ed. אפרק׳) in his sheet. Nidd. 48ᵇ נישוף בא׳ is rubbed against their underwear (corset &c.). Ḥag. 26ᵃ וֹ לתוכו—ואפי׳ נפל א Ms. M. (read נפלה, ed. נפל omitted) even if his underwear fell into it, (the vessel remains clean). Mikv. X, 4 הקשר של אפרקסותו שבכתף Ar. ed. Koh. (ed. שבפרקסים) the knot of one’s bathing sheet which is on the shoulder. ↗ expanded
*אַפְקַשְׁיוֹן (Ms. M.) pr. n. m. Afkashion, Afkashian. Yoma 28ᵇ (Var. אפקישן). ↗ expanded
*אפר , Y. Bicc. II, beg. 64ᶜ bot. א׳ חמשים, א׳ שתין—. The entire passage is corrupt, and allows no inference that אפר means (= עבר) to pass, be past. The text possibly read: אפי׳, אפי׳ (בן) חמשים ועשה דבר שהוא בהיכרת (בן) ששים ועשה דבר שהוא בעון מיתה מת בהיכרת כהא דתני ר׳ חנינ׳ וכ׳. [אבל רב חדי a. אבל חדי ibid. (read: אבל רבתי) is a gloss referr. to Treat. S’maḥoth ch. III.] ↗ expanded
אֵפֶרashes. Ohol. II, 2 א׳ שרופים ashes of persons burnt to death (by accident). B. Bath. 60ᵇ; Taan. II, 1 א׳ מקלה calcined ashes (symbol of mourning, supplication &c.). Y. ib. II, 65ᵃ אֶפְרוֹ של יצחק the ashes of (the ram substituted for) Isaac. Gen. R. s. 49. Lev. R. s. 36; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֲפַר (√פר, cmp. Ges. H. Dict. s. v. פרא) pasture-ground (outside of the town), in gen. meadow. Bets. V, 7. Pes. 8ᵇ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֲפַר ² Targ. Y. II, Ex. II, 3; 5 (Var. אפרה; Targ. O. יערא). [Y. Sabb. I, 3ᵇ חד אפר, v. חוֹחָא.] ↗ expanded
אֶפְרָא 2 ch. = h. אֵפֶר. Targ. I Chr. XXI, 15 א׳ דעקדת׳ וכ׳ the ashes of Isaac’s offering, v. אֵפֶר.—Y. Taan. II, 67ᵃ a foolish son א׳ בעיני וכ׳ is ashes in the eyes of his mother (תוגת by permutation אפרא; v. א"ת). ↗ expanded
אַפְּרַגְיָא (ἀπραγία, ἀπραξία) inactivity, cessation of labor, holiday. Pesik. Sh’mini, p. 195ᵃ (v. Buber note 66 to p. 193ᵃ) if both of us open (sales) at the same time הרי אנו עושין אפרגיא במדינה (Ar. Var. אפרגיזא, אפרגינה, read אפרגזיא) we shall create a cessation of labor in the district (as all the laboring people will run to the market town on one and the same day; Yalk. Num. 782 זול from misunderstanding); Cant. R. to VII, 2 אפרגייס (read אפרגייא or אפרגסייא). Pesik. R. s. 41 R. Yonathan … had goods with him והייתה אפרגיס (corr. acc.) and there was inactivity and dull business in consequence thereof [for which Yalk. Ps. 758 ולא היה יכול למוכרה—prob. to be read אַפְּרַטוֹס ἄπρατος unsaleable]. ↗ expanded
אַפְרוֹדִיטֵי (Ἀφροδίτη) Aphrodite, a Greek goddess (Venus). Ab. Zar. III, 4 מרחץ של א׳ a bath where A. has a statue. Ib. we do not say, the bath has been built נוי לא׳ וכ׳ as an ornament of A., but we say, A. is an ornamental attachment to the bath. Y. Shebi. VIII, end 38ᵇ מזלפין להדא א׳ squirting water (as a libation) to A. ↗ expanded
אֶפְרוֹחַbrood, young bird. Bets. 6ᵇ; Tosef. ib. I, 1; a. fr.—Gen. R. s. 37 אתמול א׳ וכ׳ yesterday a chicken, to-day an egg (lost prestige). ↗ expanded
אֶפְרוֹחָא —Pl. אֶפְרוֹחִין Targ. Deut. XXII, 6 (Var. אִפְרָחין); a. e.—אֶפְרוֹחיָּיא. Y. Ber. II, 5ᵃ ↗ expanded
אַפִּרְיוֹן [on a frame,] frame and hangings of a palanquin, litter of parade, esp. for a bride in the wedding procession. Sot. IX, 14 (49ᵃ); Tosef. ib. XV, 9.—Sot. 12ᵃ הושיבה בא׳ (Pesik. R. s. 43 בפוריא), a. e. he placed her in the litter, arranged a wedding procession for her. Num. R. s. 20, end, לישב בא׳ to take her seat in the litter (for the wedding procession); a. e. ↗ expanded
אַפִּרְיָין m. ch. = h. אַפִּרְיוֹן. B. Mets. end א׳ נמטייה לר׳ שמעון ed. (Ar. הבו ליה אפרייא לר"ל, Var. אִיפּוּרְיָיא, איפרייא; Ms. M. אפרין. Ms. H. אפריון, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) let a palanquin be put up for R. Sh., i.e. he deserves a triumphal procession. Cmp. פִּיפְיוֹרָא. ↗ expanded
אֶפְרַיִם (b. h.) pr. n. m. Ephraim. son of Joseph, progenitor of the tribe of Ephraim. Gen. R. s. 98; a. fr. name of the expected Messiah, also called the Messiah, son of Joseph, in contradist., in contradist. to the Messiah of the tribe of Judah. Pesik. R. s. 36; 37. a disciple of R. Meïr. B. Mets. 87ᵃ; Gen. R. s. 85 א׳ מקשאה E. the disputant. *E. the Scribe, a disciple of Resh Lakish. B. Mets. end (Ms. M. א׳ מקשאה, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note). ↗ expanded
אַפְרִיקִי (Africa, Ἀφρική) Africa, esp. Northern A., the Africa Propria or Vera of the Romans. Y. Shebi. III, 36ᶜ bot. the Girgashite הלך לו לא׳ emigrated to Africa (Carthage). Ib. ‘a land like your own’ (II Kings XVIII, 32) זו א׳ that means A.; Lev. R. s. 17; Deut. R. s. 5.—Snh. 91ᵃ אפריקיא (corr. acc.). Tam. 32ᵃ sq. מדינת א׳; (Lev. R. s. 27; Pesik. Shor p. 74ᵃ קרטיגנא, v. חֹשֶׁךְ). Lam. R. to I, 5. דוכוס דאפריקא Duke (military governor) of A. (Egypt &c.).—Denom. אַפְרְקִיִּים, ch. אַפְרִיקָאֵיAfricans (Negroes). Sabb. 31ᵃ.—Targ. II Chr. XXI, 16. ↗ expanded
אַפְרִיקִי 2 (supposed to be) Phrygia, in Asia Minor. Targ. Y. Gen. X, 2 (h. text גֹמֶר); Gen. R. s. 37, beg.; (Y. Meg. I, 71ᵇ bot.; Yoma 10ᵃ גרממיא). [Y. Ber. IX, 13ᶜ top; R. Hash. 26ᵃ (of R. Akiba’s journeys)—perh. belonging to preced.] ↗ expanded
אֲפַרְכֶסֶת (פרכס q. v.) [the grinder, moving to and back,] the hopper, grain-receiver on top of the millstone. Ḥag. 3ᵃ; Ḥull. 89ᵃ עשה אזנך כאפ׳ (ed. כארפ׳) make thy ear like the hopper to receive the teachings &c.; Y. Kidd. I, end, 61ᵈ נקב אזנך כאפרכס הזו perforate (make open) thy ear &c.; Pesik. R. s. 10 הרעישה אזנך וכ׳ shake thy ear, like a hopper, to receive &c. ↗ expanded
אַפַּרְסְמָא f. = next w. Targ. Y. Ex. XXXV, 28.—Kerith. 5ᵇ. R. Hash. 23ᵃ. Ber. 43ᵃ. Ab. Zar. 28ᵇ Ms. M. (ed. אספסתא). ↗ expanded
אַפַּרְסָמוֹן (v. פִּרְסֵם, פִּרְצֵם; cmp. also בלסם, בלסמון) balsamum. Yoma 38ᵇ sq. Y. Ab. Zar. III, 42ᶜ top; a. fr.—Lam. R. to IV, 15 אפל׳. balsam-tree, balsam-wood. Ber. 43ᵃ ↗ expanded
אַפַּרְסְקִין (πέρσικα, τὰ) peaches. Maasr. I, 2; a. fr. V. פַּרְסֵק. ↗ expanded
אַפַּרְקִיד adv. (v. פרקד) on the back. Ber. 13ᵇ; Nidd. 14ᵃ גני א׳ lies on his back. B. Bath. 79ᵃ top. ↗ expanded
אַפְרַשׁ , adv., with לְ־ (v. פְּרַשׁ) for a time to be defined (in the future), indefinitely, forever (h. לָנֶצַח). Targ. Is. LVII, 16; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אַפְרָשָׁה (פָּרַשׁ) separation, setting apart for a sacred purpose, as the heave-offering (T’rumah, for the priest), or a sacrifice (Korban); also isolation on account of levitical uncleanness, or on acc. of sacredness. Trnsf. the thing set apart, offering, gift. Y. Yoma I, beg. 38ᵃ; Tosef. Parah III (II), 1 זה (הַ)אַפְרָשָׁתוֹ בטהרה וכ׳ (Babli Yoma 8ᵇ פרישתו) the one is isolated for the purpose of purification (because of uncleanness), the other for sanctification (for the services of the Day of Atonement). Y. Dem. VII, 26ᵇ bot. תלוי בה׳ depends on the act of setting apart. B. Kam. V, 7 הַפְרָשַׁת הר סיני the isolation of Mount Sinai prescribed as preparation for the giving of the Law (Ex. XIX, 13); a. fr.—Pl. אַפְרָשׁוֹת, הַפְרָשׁוֹת. Y. Shek. II, 46ᵈ top שלש א׳ three kinds of sacred gifts. crossing the Ocean; cmp. פָּרַשׁ. Gen. R. s. 6 הפרשת וכ׳; Lev. R. s. 25 פָּרָשַׁת. ↗ expanded
אֶפְרָתִי (perh. = b. h.) of Ephratha, Ephrathi. Y. Keth. XII, 35ᵃ top יוסף א׳; Y. Kil. IX, 32ᵇ top יוסי א׳; (Gen. R. s. 100 הַפְּרָתִי).—Pl. אֶפְרָתִים. Ruth R. to I, 2 expl. פלטיאניcourtiers, noblemen.—Ch. אֶפְרָתִין. Targ. Ruth l. c. א׳ רבנין (in Ms. our w. omitted). ↗ expanded
אֶפֶשׁ (אפש, √אף, cmp. הפץ; corresp. to b. h. נֶפֶשׁ, v. Jer. XV, 1) desire, pleasure; [only with personal pron. as suffix]. Naz. IV, 5 אי אַפְשִׁי וכ׳ I will not live with an offensive woman. Keth. XII, 3 אי א׳ לזוז וכ׳ I cannot leave my husband’s house. Y. Yoma VII, 45ᵇ bot. אי א׳ שיכפר וכ׳ I do not want the Day of Atonement to bring me forgiveness. Y. Yeb. XIII, beg. 13ᵇ א׳ בנישואיך I am willing to marry thee. Num. R. s. 13 (alluding to Gen. III, 22) אמר אדם אי א׳ said Adam, I cannot (do penitence). Said the Lord, ‘And now’,—said Adam ‘pen’, ‘by no means’, ‘I will not’. Y. Keth. VII, 31ᵇ bot. אי א׳ אשה (read באשה). Y. Pes. VIII, 35ᵈ bot. א׳ שתמנה (read אי א׳). Y. Gitt. VI, 1; a. fr. Gen. R. s. 38 אי אַפְשֵׁנוּ וכ׳ we desire neither him nor his divine protection. ↗ expanded
אֶפְשַׁר (פשר) division, space between, alternative, whence possibility; it is possible. Targ. Job XIV, 14; a. fr.—Ḥull. 11ᵇ היכא דא׳ א׳ where it is possible (to ascertain facts), it is possible (we must do), but where it is impossible &c. Yeb. 61ᵇ sq. אין דנין א׳ משאי א׳ we cannot form an analogy between a case where there is an alternative and one where there is none. Sabb. 129ᵃ לא א׳ ליה he has no means. Y. Sot. VII, 21ᶜ bot. אי א׳ לומר you cannot say. Taan. 3ᵇ אי א׳ לעולם וכ׳ the world cannot exist without &c.; a. fr. ↗ expanded
*אַפְתָּא 1bread. Ber. 40ᵇ quot. in Ar., prob. from misreading ריפתא; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. Ms. M. ↗ expanded
אַפְתָּא 2 (פתי) extension, width, whence (archit.) a chamber or wing projecting from a building (with stairs from outside), balcony-chamber. B. Bath. 61ᵃ (explain. יציע). Ḥull. 92ᵃ ב"כ דתותי א׳ a synagogue named ‘under the balcony’. (bot.) stole, tuber. Lam. R. to I, 16, end כהדא א׳ דקרא וכ׳ like that tuber of cabbage, the larger the latter grows, the smaller gets the former. pl. אַפְתֵּי, only with רַמְשָׁא, spreading of night, nightfall. Y. Ab. Zar. I, beg. 39ᵃ. Y. Bath. II, end, 13ᶜ. Lev. R. s. 25; Koh. R. to II, 20.—בפתי רמשא = בא׳ ר׳. Y. Ab. Zar. l. c.; Gen. R. s. 78. ↗ expanded
*אַפְתְּקָא (פתק, cmp. הֶפְתֵּק) ladle with which provision is dealt out. Snh. 39ᵃ מחא ביה בא׳ (Rashi באפתקיה, Ms. M. מחייה בהפתקיה) he (the servant) warned him (Ms. M. struck him) with his ladle; (Rashi: struck him on his neck(!), v. אַפְקוֹתָא). ↗ expanded
אֶצְבַּע (b. h.; = עצבע; עצב, finger, esp. index-finger. Men. 11ᵃ זו א׳ with this (the fourth from the little finger) the measure of ‘a finger’ is taken; Keth. 5ᵇ. Y. Taan. IV, 68ᵈ bot.; Lam. R. to II, 2 (מטיפי) מקוטעי א׳ who had their finger cut off (in evidence of devotion to the cause). Yoma I, 7 א׳ צרדה; Tosef. ib. I, 9 explained א׳ גדולהmiddle finger; cmp. Tanḥ. Bo, end, expl. אמצעית.—Keth. 71ᵃ הוא נותן א׳ וכ׳ he (the husband) puts his finger between her teeth (and must expect to be bitten), i.e. has to take the consequences of not interfering with her vow in due time. any projecting limb resembling the shape of a finger. Ḥull. 61ᵃ א׳ יתירה the projecting toe on a bird’s claw. Tam. IV, 3 (31ᵃ) א׳ הכבד the lobe of the liver.—Fig. (like יד) share, part. Y. Pes. IV, 31ᵃ top; Y. Ab. Zar. I, 40ᵃ top, v. אֶמְצַע.—Pl. אֶצְבָּעוֹת. Ḥag. 15ᵃ; a. fr. (mostly in the sense of finger’s length).—Pes. 112ᵇ; Nidd. 66ᵃ euphem. for membra virilia.—Dualאֶצְבְּעַיִּם, אֶצְבְּעַיִּים, Cant. R. to VIII, 11 גידם א׳ one whose (index) fingers were lopped (stump-like). Ib. that whole trade of mine אינה נקנית אלא בא׳ cannot be acquired except by learning how to use the index-fingers.—Pes. 109ᵃ, a. e. two finger lengths↗ expanded
אֶצְבְּעָא Targ. Ex. XXXI, 18; a. e.—Pl. אֶצְבְּעָתָא. Targ. Y. Gen. I, 7; a. fr. Targ. Ps. VIII, 4 אצבעותך. Ned. 49ᵇ באצבעתיה with his fingers. Erub. 53ᵃ we are כי א׳ בקירא לסברא (Ar. אוצבתא) as to reasoning like fingers on wax (hard to be impressed upon), ולשכחה וכ׳ but as to forgetfulness like fingers put in seed (leaving no trace), v. בִּזְרָא; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֶצְבָּעִיof a finger’s length, dwarf of the smallest size. Bekh. 45ᵇ ↗ expanded
אַצְוָוא , pl. אַצְוָתָא, אַצְוָותָא (צוי, cmp. צבי a. סבב) creeper, vine. Pes. 39ᵃ (expl. חרחבינה) אצווא דדיקלא Ar. (ed. אַצְוָותָא, Ms. M. אסיתא, read אַסְוָתָא, R. Ḥan. אַסְוָא, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note); Keth. 50ᵃ אַצְוָתָא. Erub. 26ᵇ אצוותא חרזייתא דדיקלא Ar. (ed. דדיקלא omitted, also in Ms. M., cmp. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) arkablin are the prickling creepers of the palm-tree; v. חַרְזָא. V. אַצְוָותָא. ↗ expanded
אַצְוָותָא (אצי, √אץ, cmp. חצב a. denom., a. אֲסִיתָא) trough, kneading trough; also a trough-full, the quantity of bread baked at a time, batch. Targ. Deut. XXVIII, 5; a. e. (also as plur.) Targ. Ex. VII, 28; a. e.—Pesik. B’shall. p. 91ᵃ כל א׳ וכ׳ the entire batch of bread. Ib. 91ᵇ (correct acc. to Buber note 198; Var. Ar. אָצוּ, אַסְוָותָא, v. Koh. Ar. Compl. s. v.). Cmp. אֲצִיצָא. V. אַצְוָוא. ↗ expanded
אִצְטַרְיָא (סרר, cmp. אסטרניא, אצטרניא P. Sm. 304 a. quot. ibid.; cmp. אֲבֵידָן) place of debauchery, an opprobrious name for the theatres, arenas &c. of the Romans, and a phonetic perversion of theatrum, θέατρον. Ab. Zar. I, 7 (16ᵃ) you must not build … גרדום אצטדייא וכ׳ (Ms. M. אצטריבא, prob. אצטרינא, v. supra; in Ib. 18ᵇ repeatedly אצטר׳, Mishn. Nap. אצטדיא, in comment. ib. אצטרדיא), expl. ib. 16ᵇ בסיליקי של גרדום וכ׳ a building for public execution (court) or for public entertainment (amphitheatre &c.)—Pl. אִסְטַרְיוֹת. Sifra Aḥare IX, 13. [Men. 103ᵇ איסטריא של מלך royal amphitheatre(?), v. אסטרטיא.] [Tanḥ. B’resh. 2 אִסְטְרָטָאוֹת, Var. אִסְטְרָאוֹתtheatres.] Ab. Zar. 18ᵇ לא הלך לאיסטרטאות Ms. M. (ed. טַרְטְיָאוֹת q. v.; En Yak. תרט׳). [For the vers. אִצְטַדְיָא v. s. v.] ↗ expanded
אִצְטָרִין [אִיצְטַדִּין, v. preced. end] f. (prop. pl. of אצטרא, אסטרא, v. preced., used as sing.)same. B. Kam. IV, 4 (39ᵃ) שור האיצטרין Ms. M. (ed. אצטדין, Ms. H. a. R. a. Mish. Nap. אסטדין, Y. ed. איסטדין) an ox of the arena (that killed a person). Tosef. Ab. Zar. II, 7 היושב באסטרין וכ׳ Var. (ed. Zuck. איסטרטון, ed. איסטרין) he who attends the arena as a spectator is like a murderer (countenancing bloodshed); Y. ib. I, 40ᵃ היושב באיצטדין (interchanging with תיאטרון theatrum). Pl. אִצְטְרִינִין &c. Ab. Zar. 18ᵇ אין הולכין לא׳ מפני ש"ד Ms. M. (ed. לאצטדינין מפני מושב לצים …, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) you must not go to the arenas on account of bloodshed (ed. to theatres on account of ‘scorners’ seat’, Ps. I, 1). Ib. Ms. M. repeat. אִצְטָרִינָן, cmp. אֲבֵידָן. Tosef. l. c. 6 לאיצרטיונין (Var. לצטרדיונין, לצטריונין); 7 לאיצטריונין (Var. לטריונין, לצטריונין), cmp. טַרְטְיָאוֹת. ↗ expanded
אִצְטַרְכַיָּא (צרך) travelling necessaries, provision. Gen. R. s. 60. Koh. R. to XI, 1. ↗ expanded
אִצְיָיא (אצי, v. אַצְוָותָא) cut, depression, (agric.) bed as a measure, row.—Pl. אִצְיָיתָא, אִצְיָאתָא, אוּצְ׳, אִיצְ׳. B. Bath. 12ᵃ תלת א׳ וכ׳ (Ms. M. איצ׳, Ms. F. איתייתא(?)) three rows containing twelve vine-trees each; (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note). Ib. 41ᵇ he encroached on his neighbor’s ground תרתי או׳ ed. (Mss. אי׳) two bed-widths↗ expanded
אַצִּילthe joint which touches the rib, elbow (with or without יד). Arakh. 19ᵇ עד הא׳ up to the elbow.—Plאַצִּילִים, constr. אַצִּילֵי. Zeb. 19ᵃ top כנגד א׳ וכ׳ corresponding to the elbows (where the elbow in natural position touches the body). Y. Yoma V, 42ᵇ bot.; a. fr.—(Chald.) Lev. R. s. 8, beg. ודין אצילים פריך some ed. (read אצילֵיה) and the other has his elbow (arm) broken. ↗ expanded
*אֲצִיפָא (v. צִיפָּא) matting used for bailing dates, cmp. חוֹתָל. [Oth. opin: the flesh sticking to the stone of half-ripe dates.] Gitt. 89ᵃ a woman was betrothed בא׳ דתוחלא (Ar. אצפא) with &c. (an object of no value). ↗ expanded
אֲצִיצָא (אצץ, cmp. אַצְוָותָא) a common bellied vessel. B. Bath. 144ᵃ אפי׳ א׳ דהרסנא Ms. (ed. ע׳) even a pot in which fish-hash is kept. Meg. 16ᵃ א׳ דבית הכסא Ar. (ed. ע׳, Ms. O. עסיסא) night-chamber. [Targ. Esth. V, 1 ריעא עֲצוּצָא, read דְּעַ׳ … of the night-chamber.] Hebr. עָצִיץ. ↗ expanded
אֲצַל (√צל, v. נצל) to protect, spare, exempt from taxes. B. Bath. 55ᵃ, v. אַנְדִּיסְקֵי.—[Bets. 14ᵃ אצלי, v. צלי.] ↗ expanded
אָצֵל (b. h.) pr. n. m. Atsel, Atsal, mentioned I Chron. VIII, 37 sq.; IX, 43 sq. Pes. 62ᵇ בין א׳ לא׳ וכ׳ (Ms. מן א׳ …, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note, for var. lect.) the explanation of the repetition of I Chr. VIII, 29 to 38, and IX, 35 to 44 and the verbal discrepancies between the two records would load four hundred camels with discussion; cmp. Rashi to I Chr. l. c. ↗ expanded
אֵצֶלby the side of, near, with. B. Mets. V, 1 הרי אֶצְלִי בהן יין thou hast wine with me instead, i.e. I owe thee &c. Ib. 85ᵇ א׳ מי אתה תקוע by whose side art thou lodged (in the world to come)?; Koh. R. to IX, 10; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אַצְלָחוּתָא (צלח) success, prosperity. Targ. Is. XXXIII, 20; a. e. ↗ expanded
אֶצְעָדָהclasp or brooch for fastening dresses on going out, in Talm. knee-band; v. בִּירִית. Sabb. 63ᵇ בירית זו א׳ what the Mishnah calls birith is the Biblical etsadah; modified ibid. בירית תחת א׳ וכ׳birith has the function of the etsadah (Rashi: birith around the knee serves the same purpose as etsadah on the shoulder, to save inconvenience in walking). ↗ expanded
*אַצְפָּא (אצף, v. יְצֵף) trouble, labor. Targ. Prov. XVI, 23 בכל מן דא׳ לך (h. text עצב) in whatever is a trouble to thee. ↗ expanded
אָצַרto lock up, hoard, gather; cmp. גָּנַז. B. Bath. 90ᵇ אוֹצְרֵי פירות those who store up fruit (for speculation). Ib. אין אוֹצְרִין וכ׳; Tosef. Ab. Zar. IV (V), 1 (אצר a. עצר used promiscuously) you must not hoard up (for speculation) such things as are necessaries of life; [correct אין א׳ דברים שיש … כגון יינות שמנים וסלתות ופירות]. Ib. לֶאֱצוֹר (Tosef. לאַצֵּרPi.). Ib. לא יְאַצֵּרPi. (Tosef. ולא יַעֲצוֹר, read לא; Var. לא יַאֲצִיר). Gen. R. s. 45 end (play on נבוכדראׄצׄרׄ) שאֲצָרָן וכ׳ he locked them up in the desert &c.—Y. Dem. VI, end, 26ᵃ; Tosef. ib. VI, 4; Ab. Zar. 71ᵃ אוֹצֵר (עוֹצֵר) government’s store-collector, commissary (apothecarius), or read אוֹצָר q. v. Pi. אִיצֵּר,Hif. הֶאֱצִיר , v. supra. ↗ expanded
אֲצַר 1 *Targ. O. Gen. XLI, 35 וייצרון, Var. ויוצרון, ויצרון). B. Bath. 90ᵇ פוק אצר לי וכ׳ (prob. אַצַּרPa.) go out and buy up for me for storage &c. Ithpa. אִתְאַצַּר,Ithpe. אִתְאֲצַרto be stored up. Targ. Is. XXIII, 18. ↗ expanded
אַצָּר w. (preced.) אַצַּר פיריspeculator in provision. Yoma 83ᵃ; B. Bath. 90ᵇ ↗ expanded
אֲצַר 2 (preced.) contraction(h. . Bekh. 21ᵇ א׳ חיותא contraction of the womb (and consequent destruction of the fœtus). ↗ expanded
אֹצְרוֹת , read אוֹצְרוֹת רוּחַ (v. אוֹצָר) stores of wind, name of the cavities in the pearl-shell in which the pearls are seated, and which contain a kali; v. אַשְׁלְגָא. Y. Sabb. IX, end, 12ᵇ top. ↗ expanded
אַקְהָיוּתָא (קהי) bluntness or looseness of teeth. Targ. Amos IV, 6 (h. text נקיון וכ׳) אקהיות שנין = perplexity. Cmp. אַקְוָוא. ↗ expanded
*אַקּוּבִּיטוֹן , m. (accubitum, ἀκκούβιτον) dining couch of the Roman nobility of the imperial period in place of the older triclinium. Lev. R. s. 7 מיסב על א׳ וכ׳ (Pesik. Eth. Korb. p. 61ᵃ הקוביטין; Yalk. Num. 777 איק׳; ib. Lev. 479 קוב׳, קנב׳; ib. Ps. 791 הננ׳ &c., corr. acc.; Pesik. R. s. 16, p. 83ᵇ ed. Fr. הקובטין) reclining on his accubitum.—לחם א׳, or ריפתא (ד)א׳ bread used at the meals of the nobility, fine bread. Targ. Y. II, Gen. XL, 16 ריפתא קקבטון (read ריפתא דאקקובטון) bread of the nobles (h. text חרי). Pesik. R. l. c. p. 82ᵃ (ref. to לחם הפחה Neh. V, 18) הקקבטין sub. לחם; Pesik. l. c. p. 59ᵃ קקבטון (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
אַקְוָוא (קהי) what blunts or loosens the teeth, weakening; fig. (v. Mekh. Bo 18, end) refutation, arguments. Pl. אַקְוָותָא. Yeb. 110ᵇ יתבי וקמקוו א׳ (Rashi Var. מקהו אַקְהָתָא) they were sitting and raising arguments. Cmp. אַקְהָיוּתָא. ↗ expanded
אֲקוּנְבִּי (קבב, with נ inserted; Mand. קומבא, Nöld. Mand. Gr. p. 105) cupola, arched vessel. Pl. אֲקוּנְבְּיָאוֹת. Tosef. Kel. B. Mets. II, 8 א׳ שבמגדלים ed. Zuck. (Var. אקובנ׳, cmp. קובנאה) cupolas on turrets (a piece of house furniture), ornamental vases. ↗ expanded
אַקּוּפֵי (נקף, קף) curlings of the web, anything sticking out of the web (threads, knots &c.). Sabb. 75ᵇ האי מאן דשקיל א׳ וכ׳ whoever takes threads out of clothes on the Sabbath, is guilty of an act of finishing; v. פַּטִישׁ. Cmp. אַקָּפוּתָא. ↗ expanded
אָקוֹשָׁא (קשי) hard, hard-baked. Targ. Y. Lev. XX, 10.—Keth. 39ᵇ. Sot. 4ᵇ, opp. רכיכא. Sabb. 65ᵃ כל מידי א׳ anything hard.—Pl. אָקוֹשֵׁי. Sabb. 155ᵃ חרובין א׳ ed. (Ms. M. דאשוני, Ar. דאשינא).—Targ. Ps. LVIII, 10 אָקוֹשָׁן (some ed. אַקְשׁוּן). ↗ expanded
אַקְטוֹר (actor) actor publicus, an officer who had the supervision of slaves and state property.—Pl. אַקְטוֹרִין. Mekh. B’shall. Par. 1; Yalk. Ex. 230 או׳.—Targ. Y. Ex. XVI, 5 אוֹקְטָרַיָּא. ↗ expanded
אִקְטִיסְפּוֹןCtesiphon, a town on the Eastern bank of the Tigris. Targ. Y. Gen. X, 10 ק׳ (for Bibl. Kalneh). Yoma 10ᵃ (for Bibl. Resen) זה א׳ (Ms. זו אקטספון; Var. קטיספון; טיספוס). Gitt. 6ᵃ. Erub. 57ᵇ אקיסט׳ (corr. acc.; Ms. M. קטי׳; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note). ↗ expanded
אַקְטַרְתָּא (קטר) whatever raises dense smoke when ignited, hence roots, twigs &c. Taan. 24ᵇ bot. ושדייא א׳ (Ms. M. adds. בתנורא; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) she used to throw twigs into the stove (to make people believe she was baking). ↗ expanded
אקי , read: אִיקִי (εἶκε) make room! Y’lamd. to Deut. XI, 22 quot. in Ar. (v. Tanḥ. Ekeb, 4); cmp. Midr. Till. to Ps. XVII. ↗ expanded
אַקְלִידָא (κλείς-δός) key, lock, fastening. Sabb. 89ᵇ ככא דא׳ (Ar. s. v. קלד: בבא, Var., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 400) the tooth of the key, key-bit (Ar. ‘the key-gate’); Men. 57ᵃ; a. e.—Fig. א׳ דמטרא the key (to the store) of rain; א׳ דת"המ the key (to the gate) of resurrection. Snh. 113ᵃ (Var. קלידא, מפתחא; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 30).—Pl. אַקְלִידֵי, אַקְלִידַיָּיא. Targ. I Chr. IX, 27.—Gitt. 56ᵃ; a. fr.—Denom. אַקְלַד, v. קְלַד. ↗ expanded
אַקְלִפְרִין (aquiliferi) eagle-bearers, bearers of the imperial standard. Midr. Till. to Ps. XLV (some ed. אלק׳ corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
אקמינון Lev. R. s. 34 א׳ פרנסין, read אוקמינון, v. קום. ↗ expanded
אֲקַן (deriv. of קני) to grow in stalks, produce stalks Gitt. 30ᵃ לא צריכא דאָקוּן (Var. דהדר ואקון) in the case before us it means that the seeds which had been despaired off produced stalks (blades) again מהו דתימא אֲקַנְתָּא מילתא וכ׳ when you might think this shooting up is something (enough to awaken new hopes of recovery), therefore &c.; Taan. 19ᵃ.—Denom. אֲקַנְתָּאgrowth of stalks; v. supra. ↗ expanded
אַקְנָיָיתָא pl., הַקְנָאָה h. f. (קני I) giving possession, whence שְׁטָרֵי אַ׳ or שְׁטַר ה׳an agreement by which one’s landed estate is mortgaged in the form of a sale from date, independent of the loan to be consummated afterwards, so that at a certain date the creditor can claim the property, even if sold in the meantime, by referring to the priority of his purchase; deed of transfer (v. Bloch Civil-Process, p. 54, notes 5 a. 6 a. quot. ib.). B. Mets. 13ᵃ; 14ᵃ; 16ᵇ. B. Bath. 172ᵃ שטרא אקניאתא (שטרי, Ms. M. ib. a. B. Mets. 16ᵇ אקנייתא without שטר׳).—אַקְנָיָיתָא בְּמָנֵי transfers, or sales by symbolic delivery, v. מָנָא; whence Aknayatha B’mané, adaptation of the name of a Babylonian festive time and fair (cmp. יָרִיד). Ab. Zar. 11ᵇ Ms. M. a. oth. (ed. אקניתא בחנוני, Var. אקניתיה); [cmp. Y. ib. I, 39ᶜ where our w. seems to be rendered כנוני]. ↗ expanded
אַקְסְיוֹס (ἄξιος) worthy, adequate. Gen. R. s. 46 ‘I am God Shadday’ (Gen. XVII, 1) is translated by Aquila אקווס ואקנוס Ar. (ed. אכסיוס, אכסיוט, corr. acc.) ἄξιος and (καὶ) ἵκανος, adequate and sufficient (competent); cmp. ibid. דייך וכ׳ it is sufficient for thee that I am thy protector. ↗ expanded
אַקְפָּדָה (קפד, Hif.) getting excited, ebullition of temper, rashness. Num. R. s. 10; Y. Ned. I, 36ᵈ bot. they make the vow of a nazir (ה׳) מתוך א׳ inconsiderately. Y. Ab. Zar. IV, 44ᵃ. Tosef. Gitt. VII (V), 6 (opp. ברצון). Y. Naz. I, end, 51ᶜ הקפדן, read: דָתָן …↗ expanded
אַקְרָא (dialect. for חַקְרָא in Yer. dial. q. v.; cmp. var. lect. bel.) fort, designation of various, mostly Babyl. places. Meg. 6ᵃ א׳ דתולבקני (Ms. Oxf., L., F. עקרא; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note); Kidd. 71ᵇ, v. תולבקני. [Rashi: fortified ford.] B. Bath. 127ᵃ, Kidd. 72ᵃ, v. אַגְמָא. B. Mets. 86ᵃ מא׳ לאגמא from Fort (Agma) to Agma (Var. lect. v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.). B. Bath. 73ᵇ, v. הגרוניא. Macc. 10ᵃ, v. סְלִיקוֹס; a. fr. [The Gr. ἄκρα, orig. summit, is a phonetic coincidence.] ↗ expanded
אֶקְרָאִי (קרא, קרה; h. accidental, chance. R. Hash. 29ᵇ בית דינא דא׳ improvized court. Snh. 25ᵇ, a. fr. א׳ בעלמא a mere chance. ↗ expanded
אַקְרוֹקְתָּא (קרקר) [croaker,] frog. B. Bath. 73ᵇ א׳ (Var. אקורקרתא, &c., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 3) דהויא כי וכ׳ a frog as big as Fort Hag. (others read בי, a frog which was in Fort H.). Ned. 41ᵃ עקרבא דיתיבא על א׳ ועברה נהרא (corr. ed. acc.) a scorpion sitting on a frog and crossing the river. ↗ expanded
אַקְרַפְטָא (κράβατος, grabatus) couch, raised upholstered seat. M. Kat. 10ᵇ למבני א׳ Ar. (ed. אקרפיטא, Ms. M. אקרפיטרא) to build up a raised seat (on a frame). [Rashi: אקרופיטאcrib.] Kidd. 70ᵃ ליתיב מר אקר׳ sit down, Sir, on the couch; (cmp. אִיצְטְבָא, the Chald. equivalent of our w.). ↗ expanded
*ארא (Ms. M. ניר׳; Ar. s. v. פלמודא: פדא or פרא) name of a fish or fish-brine; perh. אֲרָאיָא (Raia) ray or skate. Ab. Zar. 40ᵃ ↗ expanded
אֶרְאֵל Is. XXXIII, 7, messenger, esp. (in poetry) angel. Pl. אֶרְאֵלִים. Keth. 104ᵃ א׳ ומצוקים וכ׳ the Erelim (angels) and the mortals seized the holy ark (strove for the soul of R. Judah); Y. Kil. IX, 32ᵇ top יצוקים וא׳; Y. Keth. XII, 35ᵃ; Koh. R. to VII, 11; IX, 10; v. יָצַק, מָצַק. ↗ expanded
אָרַבto press into holes, to make holes; to weave; join. to look through a hole, to espy, lurk, lie in wait. B. Kam. 44ᵇ, a. e. (ref. to Deut. XIX, 11) וא׳ לו וכ׳ it says ‘And he lurks for him’ &c., that means the intention to kill that man.—Denom. ארובה, אורבא, ארבל׳, ארבא, ארבתא. ↗ expanded
*אֲרַב , part. אָרְבָּאlurking. B. Mets. 101ᵇ; B. Kam. 85ᵃ; B. Bath. 168ᵃ thou appearest to me כאריא א׳ like a lurking lion, i.e. I have no confidence in thee. ↗ expanded
אַרְבָּא 1 (ארב to join, cmp. ארגז, תיבה) boat. B. Mets. 101ᵇ א׳ דחמרא a boat-load of wine; a. fr.—Gitt. 6ᵃ; Kidd. 72ᵃ א׳ תנייתא וכ׳ Ar. ed. Koh. (ed. תניינא) to the second boat of the (floating) bridge; cmp. Kidd. l. c. והאידנא וכ׳ ‘and now the Persians placed the bridge higher up’. [Oth. opin., v. אֲרַבְתָּא.]—Pl. אַרְבֵּי. B. Mets. 72ᵇ חיטי … וא׳ the wheat in granaries and ships. ↗ expanded
*אַרְבָּא 2a small silver vessel in the shape of a trough (= עֲרֵיבָה Ar.) B. Bath. 34ᵇ (Comm.: ship). ↗ expanded
אַרְבֵּל 1Arbel, Arbela, in Galilee, near Zepphoris. Y. Ber. I, 2ᶜ בקעת א׳ the Valley of Ar.; Y. Taan. IV, 69ᵇ ארכל (corr. acc.). Y. Shebi. VI, 36ᵈ bot. Koh. R. to I, 18 coarse linen הבאין מא׳ coming from A.; a. e. ↗ expanded
אַרְבֵּל 2 (denomin. of next w., v. עַרְבֵּל) to sift, shake. B. Mets. 26ᵇ דאייתי ארבלא ומְאַרְבֵּל Ar. (Ms. R. 2 מארביל, ed. וקא מַרְבֵּל = מארבל) that he brought a sieve and sifted the sand. Snh. 39ᵃ וקמרבלינהו Ms. M. (ed. Sonc. וקא מא׳ להו, oth. ed. מהדר להו) and shook them. Ithpe. אִירְבֵּל (= איתארבל) to be shaken. Ḥull. 49ᵃ מירבל הוא דרְבִיל it was shaken down (by the movements of the animal). [Targ. עַרְבֵּל.] ↗ expanded
אַרְבְּלָא (ארב, cmp. אֲרוּבָּה) net work, sieve. B. Mets. 26ᵇ; Snh. 39ᵃ, v. preced.—Macc. 20ᵇ בארבילא (Ms. M. בארבי); Snh. 89ᵇ אכיל תמרא בא׳ ate dates out of the sieve, i.e. did a harmless thing.—Targ. Amos IX, 9 ערבלא.—V. עַרְבְּלָאִין. ↗ expanded
אַרְבֵּלִי (אַרְבֵּל I) a native or resident of Arbel, Arbelite. Ab. I, 6.—Pl. אַרְבֵּלִיִּין. Gen. R. s. 19, beg.; cmp. Koh. R. to I, 18.—[Tosef. Par. XII (XI), 16 כוש הא׳, v. next w.]—Fem. אַרְבֵּלִית. Y. Peah VII, 20ᵃ bot.; Y. Sot. I, 17ᵇ; IX, 24ᵇ bot. סאה א׳ one S’ah of Arbelite wheat. [Ib. IV, end, 19ᵈ top רבי מר עוקבא הורה בארבליArbeli, supposed to be a place in Babylon. The entire sentence is spurious both from Mar Ukba’s title of Rabbi as well as from comparison with Keth. 60ᵇ.] ↗ expanded
אָרְבָּן (ארב 1) coarse weft, opp. to פשתין fine flax woof. Parah XII, 8 כוש של א׳ (Var. רוֹבָן) the spindle used for spinning coarse material; [Tosef. ib. XII (XI) 16 כוש הארבלי the spindle used at Arbel; cmp. Koh. R. to I, 18 s. v. אַרְבֵּל I]. ↗ expanded
אַרְבָּעָה 1 , אַרְבַּע f. (b. h.) four (frequently represented by ד׳). Ḥag. 14ᵇ א׳ נכנסו וכ׳ four men entered into theosophical speculation; a. fr.—Constr. אַרְבַּעַת followed by singul. Y. Ber. I, 2ᶜ אַרְבַּעַת מיל = אַרְבָּעָה מילין; Y. Yoma III, beg. 40ᵇ; (cmp. Gen. R. s. 50).—Pl. אַרְבָּעִים (מ׳) forty. Sabb. VII, 2 א׳ חסר אחת thirty nine.—Macc. I, 1, a. fr. לוקה א׳ receives forty (thirty nine) lashes; v. ib. III, 10. ↗ expanded
אַרְבְּעָה Targ. O. Gen. XIV, 9; a. fr.—Constr. a) אַרְבְּעַת Targ. Y. ibid.—b) אַרְבְּעֵי, אַרְבַּעְתֵּי Sabb. 73ᵃ (omitting the object numbered); a. fr.—Targ. Y. Num. II, 3; a. fr.—Y. Gitt. V, 46ᵈ top ארבעתי דינרייא four denars—אַרְבַּעְתָּא, אַרְבְּעִיתָא m. the fourth (day of the week). Gen. R. s. 11; Pesik. R. s. 23, beg. Ibid. p. 120ᵃ ed. Fr. ארבעיא, ed. Prag ארבעיתא. Ibid. p. 115ᵇ באַרְבַּעְתָּה on Wednesday.—Pl. אַרְבְּעִיןforty. Targ. Gen. V, 13; a. fr.—Snh. 26ᵇ א׳ בכתפיה forty (lashes) rest on his shoulders, i.e. he is punishable (v. preced.); a. fr.—אַרְבֵּיסַר, אַרְבַּעְסְרֵי, אַרְבַּע סְרֵיfourteen, fourteenth. Targ. Y. Gen. XIV, 5 בּירְבֵּיסְרֵי; a. fr. Meg. 2ᵇ בא׳ on the fourteenth of Adar. Sabb. 98ᵇ.—אַרְבֵּסְרָאָה the fourteenth. Targ. I Chr. XXIV, 13. ↗ expanded
אֲרַבְתָּא (ארב, h. , b. h. עֲרָבִים pl.) [the thickly interwoven,] willow. Pes. 111ᵇ טולא דא׳ Ms. M., Ar. (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.; ed. עֲ׳) the shade of a willow-tree.—Pl. אַרְבָּתָא. Sabb. 20ᵇ (Ar. אַרְבָּאתָא; Mss. עַ׳). [Gitt. 6ᵃ; Kidd. 72ᵃ ארבא וכ׳ the second willow after crossing the bridge; v., however, אַרְבָּא I.] V. עַרְבָא I, II a. עֲרַבְתָּא. ↗ expanded
אָרָג , constr. אֲרַג m. (v. רגג, h. ערג) something desirable … שפר א׳ the choicest of … Targ. Ps. XLV, 14. Targ. Y. Gen. XLV, 18. ↗ expanded
אָרַג , v. ארב; cmp. חרג) to plait, braid, weave. Sabb. VII, 2 האוֹרֵג he who weaves on the Sabbath; a. fr.—Metaph. (cmp. טרי) to argue, conclude, spin out, deduct &c. Ruth R., Par. 2, beg. (play on or’gim II Sam. XXI, 19) they brought a subject up והוא אוֹרְגָהּ and he carried it to a conclusive decision. Ib. שהיו אוֹרְגִין עמו they argued with him.—Num. R. s. 4 (play on argaman, purple) שהוא היה אׄורׄגׄ … מׄןׄ וכ׳ for it (the purple-covered altar) argued Israel free from sin (pleaded in his behalf). Num. R. s. 12 (same play on the word) והוא אורג וכ׳ and He wove (planned) the world so that all creatures should come forth each according to its kind. Ib. א׳ מַן the Sun weaves (ripens) food. Nif. נֶאֱרַגto be woven. Y. Ter. XI, end, 48ᵇ. Ex. R. s. 50; a. fr. *. אִירֵג , part. מְאָרֵג (cmp. עֲרוּגָה) to follow the grooves of the garden bed, to range, esp. to select the green and tender onions (v. חָלַק Hif.). Tosef. Peah I, 9 המארג, quoted in Y. ib. III, 17ᶜ top המירוג (corr. acc.; v. מֵירוּג) a. explained ibid. המחליק וכ׳ he who takes out the green onions for sale and leaves the others to ripen for storage. ↗ expanded
אֲרַג Snh. 48ᵇ וא׳ בגד וכ׳ and where they weave a garment (directly) for a corpse. ↗ expanded
אַרְגְּוָון (also … גְּוָנ׳) = b. h. אַרְגָּמָןpurple (garment). Dan. V, 7; a. e.—Targ. Ex. XXV, 4; a. e.—Tam. 32ᵃ לבישין דא׳ purple garments.—Pl. אַרְגְּוָונִים. Pesik. R. s. 33.—אַרְגְּוָונוֹת. Lam. R. to III, 19 א׳ טובות fine purple dresses (for females). ↗ expanded
אַרְגָּז r. ארג with format. ז; cmp. אַרְבָּא) box, chest (joined with tenons &c.). Num. R. s. 4; Hor. 12ᵃ; a. e.—Snh. 46ᵇ kabor (to bury, cover) might mean only דעבד א׳ וכ׳ Ms. F. a. Ar. (Var. ארזג, ed. ארון) one makes a chest and puts the corpse in. [Pr. n. pl. v. אַרְגִּיזָא.] ↗ expanded
אַרְגָּזוּתָא f. same. Targ. I Kings XXI, 22; XV, 30. ↗ expanded
אֶרְגָּטִיס (ἐργάτης) working man, common laborer. Y’lamd. Koraḥ (quot. in Ar.) ועשה אותו א׳ (read אותי) and made me (Korah) a working man (Num. VII, 9); Tanḥ. ed. Bub. Korah, p. 96 אור׳. ↗ expanded
אַרְגִּיזArgiz, Argiza (ארזק Schr. KGF 228; Eragiza, Ptol. V, 15, 14; modern Razek, Koh. Ar. s. v.). Sabb. 19ᵇ; Erub. 63ᵃ חדתא דא׳ Ms. M. a. oth. (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. notes, ed. חרתא) Ḥadta (Newtown) [Ḥarta] near Ar. [Rashi: Argiz, pr. n. m. the builder of the town.] Gitt. 7ᵃ ארגיזה, בי א׳. Zeb. 18ᵇ ארגיזא (Ms. M. אגוזיא, Ms. R. ארגיסיא, ארגזיא, Ms. K. ארגיזיא; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.). ↗ expanded
ארגינטין , read אֲרוֹגְנַוְטִין, אֲרוֹגְנַוְטֵיס q. v. ↗ expanded
אֶרְגַּלְיָא (ἐργαλεῖα, τὰ) tools, implements. Ex. R. s. 40, beg. Lev. R. s. 23; Y. Succ. IV, 54ᶜ top; Cant. R. to IV, 8 היא וכל א׳ וכ׳ itself (the brick) and all the implements for making it. [Y’lamd. B’haaloth., quot. in Ar. כלי א׳ implements of a ship.] ↗ expanded
אַרְגֶּנְטָרְיָא (ἀργενταρία, argentarium) silver-case, plate, table service (of silver or gold). Pesik. Baḥod. p. 106ᵇ ארגנטין Ar. Var. (ארגנטרין ed. Koh.; ed. אנגיטירין); Yalk. Ex. 271 ארגניטין (cmp. versions ibid. a. Ar. s. v., in order to arrive at a correct reading of the whole passage). Y. Peah VIII, 21ᵇ אגנטין, ארגנטורין (corr. acc.). Esth. R. to I, 4 ארגוטדיא, ארגנאטרייא (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
אַרְגֶּסְטֵיס (ἀργέστης) the brightening, epithet of various winds (cmp. אִסְתָּן); West-North-West, West-South-West. Num. R. s. 13 אני מביא רוח א׳ וכ׳ I shall cause to pass over the world an argestes in which both winds (the Northern and the Southern) shall do service; Cant. R. to IV, 16 ארג׳; Lev. R. s. 9 ארגסטס; Ar. Var. אגרסטיס. ↗ expanded
אַרְדָּא 1 (Syr. ערדא, v. Löw Pfl. p. 303) mushroom, morel. Keth. 61ᵃ Ar. (ed. אַרְדֵּי pl.)—Pl. אַרְדַּיָּא, אַרְדֵּי. Pes. 119ᵇ ארדיא לי Ar. (ed. אַרְדְּלַיָּיא, אַרְדִּילַיָּא, אוּרְדִּילָאֵי, Ms. אַרְדִּילֵי, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note); Y. ib. X, end, 37ᵈ ערדילו (read עַרְדִּילֵי or עַרְדֵּי לִי). Ber. 47ᵃ ארדיא Ar. (ed. a. Ms. אַרְדִּילַיָּא). Ab. Zar. 38ᵃ ארדי. ↗ expanded
*אַרְדָּא 2 prefix of Persian proper nouns, Arda.—Gitt. 14ᵇ their names are bewildering א׳ וארטא … בריש beginning with Arda-, and Arta-, and Phile-. ↗ expanded
אַרְדַּב (ἀρτάβη, Syr. ארדבא, ארטבא) Artaba, a Persian and Egyptian dry measure (v. Zuckerm. Jüd. Masse p. 47; Sm. Ant. s. v.). B. Mets. 80ᵇ א׳ לעריבה Ar. (ed. אדריב) an Artaba is an unreasonable additional load for a small boat called Arebah. Erub. 102ᵃ Ar. (ed. אדריבא, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 20). ↗ expanded
אַרְדִּיכָל ; ch. form אַרְדִּיכְלָא (אדר׳) m. (prob. from a place or country, cmp. אַרְגּוּבְלָא) artist, artisan (v. P. Sm. 370 s. v., a. derivat.) esp. architect, key-stone-setter. B. Mets. 118ᵇ בנאי … לא׳ (ed. אדרי׳) when the builder has handed the key-stone over to the architect (to set it). Y. ib. X, end, 12ᶜ ארדכל. Gen. R. s. 8 אר׳; ib. s. 27 אד׳.—Pl. ארְדִּיכְלִין. Targ. II Sam. V, 11 (h. text חרשי אבן קיר); a. e.—Erub. 26ᵃ אַרְדַּ׳ Ar. (Ms. M. דאַרְדַּכְלֵי; ed. אדר׳).—אַרְדִּיכְלַיָּא Targ. Ps. CXVIII, 22; a. e. ↗ expanded
אַרְדַּקְסַסArtaxata, or Artaxiata, capital of Great Armenia. Y. Erub. III, beg. 20ᶜ. Bab. Erub. 29ᵃ עַרְדִּיסְקָא ed. (Ms. M. עַרְדַסְקִיס, Var. ערדסקוס, ערדיקס, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note). Tosef. ib. IX (VI), 4 ערדסקס, (Var. ערדסקוס, ערדסקין). ↗ expanded
אַרְדְּשִׁירArdjir, formerly Seleucia, near Ctesiphon. Gitt. 6ᵃ בי א׳. Erub. 57ᵇ. B. Bath. 52ᵃ, v. הוֹרְמִיז. Yeb. 37ᵇ דַּרְדְּשִׁיר = דְאַרְ׳, sub. הוֹרְמִיז; Yoma 18ᵇ דרשיש (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
אֲרוּבָּהopening, whence an aperture in the roof looking to the ground floor (answering to the Greek hypaithron, Roman compluvium), contrad. fr. חַלֹּון a garret window in the wall projecting above the flat roof. Bets. V, 1 (35ᵇ); cmp. Rashi a. l. Nidd. 20ᵇ כסומא בא׳ like a blind man finding his way down from the ărubbah, i.e. hitting the truth by chance. Ohol. X, 1; a. fr.—Pl. אֲרוּבֹּות. Ib. 4 sq.; a. e. the opening panel of folding doors.—Pl. as supra. Yoma 76ᵃ. [Sabb. 43ᵃ; 153ᵇ; Kel. XV, 2 read with Ar. אֲרוּכוֹת.] ↗ expanded
אֲרוּגָּה (ארג) web, matting. Y. Succ. I, end, 52ᶜ א׳ טמאה a mat (of twigs &c. for covering the festive booth) that became unclean. ↗ expanded
*אֲרוֹגְנַוְטֵיס (ἀρωγοναύτης sub. δαίμων) helper of sailors, Arogonautes, a demon. Gen. R. s. 63; Y. Ter. VIII, 46ᶜ top; Yalk. Gen. 110, variously corrupted ארגינטין, ארגיניטון, ארגניטין, אנגיטריס. ↗ expanded
*אַרְוִיסָא (a transpos. of אַפְסִירָא, אַפְסָרָא) halter (Rashi). [Ar. chain, Perl. Et. St. p. 21 = Pers. arvîs rope.] Yeb. 46ᵃ רמו ליה ארוו׳ וכ׳ Ar. ed. Koh. (ed. ארוי׳, Ar. ed. ארוסיה) they put a halter around his neck (to prevent him from claiming his liberty). ↗ expanded
אָרוּךְ (ארך) long, tall, lasting; v. infra. v. infra. (= עָרוּךְ; cmp. אֲרִיךְ) well-arranged, well-balanced, thinker, a title of prominent scholars; cmp. אַרְיוֹךְ a. אֲרִיכָא. [In legend intellectual eminence was identified with physical tallness.] Nidd. 24ᵇ א׳ בדורו arukh (the tallest) in his generation. Kidd. 39ᵇ עולם שכולו א׳ the world in which all is well-balanced (also called שכולו טוב) i.e. the hereafter.—Pl.אֲרוּכִים. Yoma 71ᵃ חיים א׳ long life; a. fr.—Fem. אֲרוּכָה. Ber. I, 4 אחת א׳ one lengthy (benediction); a. fr.—Y. Hor. II, 46ᵈ בא׳ by the long road, slowly; Shebu. 18ᵃ; 18ᵇ.—Pl. אֲרוּכוֹת. Y. Ber. II, 5ᶜ top, a. e. א׳ וקצרות long and short roads, i.e. in all directions. V. next art.↗ expanded
אֲרוּכָה 1 fem. of אָרוּךְ. (noun) long board, longside of bedstead, bedside. Succ. 15ᵇ א׳ ושתי כרעים the long bedside with its two knees (supporters); 16ᵃ.—Pl. אֲרוּכוֹת. Ib. I, 8 (Var. ארובות, v. Rabb. D. S. ib. ad 15ᵃ, note 1); Sabb. 43ᵃ; ib. XXIII, 5 (151ᵇ) א׳ המטה (some ed. ארובות, corr. acc.).—[Kel. XV, 2 א׳ של נחתומים Ar. Var. the long ranging boards used by the bakers: Maim.; the prevailing versions are אֲרוּבֹּות or אֲרֵיבוֹת; Tosef. B. Mets. V, 4 ארובות, (Var. ארונות) basins or moulds in which loaves or cakes are shaped.—Var. Ar. עֲרִיכוֹת.] ↗ expanded
אֲרוּכָה 2 , v. Ges. H. Dict. s. v.) the web of new flesh or skin on a healing wound, healing. העלה א׳to produce a new cover, be restored. Ḥull. 77ᵃ; 125ᵃ; B. Kam. 91ᵇ ↗ expanded
אָרוֹן c. (b. h.; [joined together,] chest, box, coffin, freq. (= אֲרוֹן הַקּוֹדֶשׁ) the Holy Ark, in the tabernacle and the Temple, or in Synagogues. Yoma V, 1 הגיע לא׳ reached the place where the Ark stood during the First Temple. Y. Ber. IV, 8ᶜ top; Gen. R. s. 55 (allegorical etymologies).—Keth. 104ᵃ א׳ הקודש (figuratively) a good and learned man’s soul; v. אֶרְאֵל.—Kel. XII, 5 א׳ של גרוסות the grits-dealer’s chest. Y. Kil. IX, 32ᵇ top; Gen. R. s. 100 אֲרוֹנִי נקובה (נקופה) וכ׳ ותהא let my coffin be perforated at the bottom. Snh. 98ᵇ אין לך כל א׳ וא׳ וכ׳ there is no coffin in Palestine in which the Median horses do not eat straw (being used as cribs); a. fr.—Pl. אֲרוֹנוֹת. Sot. 13ᵃ; a. fr. [Y. Keth. VI, 30ᵈ bot. וארון, v. אֲרִי I.] ↗ expanded
אֲרוֹנָא Targ. Ex. XXV, 10; a. fr. Targ. Gen. L, 26 (coffin).—Y. Meg. III, 73ᵈ bot. the curtain על א׳ כא׳ over the ark containing the scrolls is as sacred as the ark itself. Y. Ber. II, 5ᶜ bot. אֲרוֹנֵיה נפקא his coffin was carried out for burial. ↗ expanded
*אֲרוֹנֵי (prob. pl. of ארונא, so called from closing and opening like chests) name of certain plants growing in marshes and closing their leaves at nightfall. Sabb. 35ᵇ בדברא עורבי באגמא חזו אדני Ms. M. (ed. עורבי א"נ אדאני …; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l., Ar. הרני, Var. ארוני, Rashi ed. Sonc., Asheri a. R. Niss. early ed. אראני) in the desert you recognize the entrance of the Sabbath (on a cloudy day) by the ravens, in marsh-land you look out for aroné↗ expanded
אֵרוּסִין (אָרַס) betrothal, preliminary act of marriage, answering to the Roman sponsalia; promise in marriage, disting. fr. נישואין, or כניסה, marriage proper, the latter consisting in conducting the bride to the groom’s permanent (or improvised) home. [The betrothal carries with it almost all the legal consequences of marriage, excepting some modifications mostly of a civil (pecuniary) character, and is, according to Talmudic usage, preceded by a benediction (בִּרְכַת א׳), while the act itself is performed by the bride-groom (or his mandatary) delivering into the hands of the bride (or her mandatary, or her father, if she be a minor) an object representing any value not below the smallest coin (P’rutah), whereby the purpose of the delivery is stated and assented to by acceptance.] Keth. I, 2 אלמנה מן הא׳ a widow whose betrothed died before marriage proper. Ib. V, 1; a. fr. Yeb. 43ᵃ, a. fr. סעודת א׳ the repast following the betrothal.—Metaph. of the relation between Israel and God, covenant. Ex. R. s. 15, end; a. e. ↗ expanded
*ארז (√אר, v. ארר; cmp. חרז) to penetrate deeply, to take deep root. to be prickly, dry, hard. Sabb. 155ᵃ זירין דאַרְזֵי Zirin are called bundles of twigs which are hard. Ib. כיפין דא׳; [oth. opin., v. אַרְזָא]. Denom. אוּרְזָא, אָרוּזָא, a. next ws.↗ expanded
אֶרֶז (b. h.) cedar. Tam. III, 5 של א׳ of cedar wood.—Pl. אֲרָזִים. R. Hash. 23ᵃ; Taan. 25ᵇ; a. e.—Metaph. prominent men, scholars. Sabb. 118ᵇ I planted חמשה א׳ five cedars (begot five sons who acquired renown). M. Kat. 25ᵇ, v. אֵזוֹב. ↗ expanded
אַרְזָאsame. Targ. Lev. XIV, 4; a. e.—Ab. Zar. 14ᵃ. R. Hash. 23ᵃ; a. e.—Pl. אַרְזִין, אַרְזַיָּא, אַרְזֵי. Targ. Num. XXIV, 6; a. e.—Y. Ab. Zar. III, 42ᶜ top. Sabb. 157ᵃ.—Ib. 155ᵃ זירין דא׳ (Ms. זירין סוכי דא׳Zirin means twigs of cedars (Rashi דארזא); [oth. opin. v. ארז]. pr. n. pl. תֵּל א׳Tel Arza (Cedar-Hill), in Palestine, scene of massacres during the Bar Kokhba war. (Cedar-Hill), in Palestine, scene of massacres during the Bar Kokhba war. Yeb. XVI, 7. pr. n. m. Arza. Tam. VII, 3 בן א׳: Shek. V, 1 ארזה; Tosef. ib. II, 14. ↗ expanded
אַרְזְלָא (dimin. of עֶרֶס, עַרְסָא) cradle, hammock for watchmen in gardens. Targ. Is. I, 8; XXIV, 20 (h. מלונה).—Erub. 25ᵇ דעבידא כי אר׳ Ar. (ed. אור׳; Rashi ארזי׳; Tosaf. ערס׳) the roof of the shed has the shape of a cradle, i. e both sides slanting towards the centre. ↗ expanded
אַרְזְנָאֵי (v. ארזוניא P. Sm. 374, cmp. פרשניא Neub. Géogr. p. 396) of Arzania. Taan. 24ᵇ ארבי דא׳ Ar. (ed. דחיטין דפרזינא; Ms. M. דפרזינאי) ships of the Arzanians. Fem. *אַרְזַנְיָיתָא. Git. 70ᵃ חיטין א׳ Arzanian wheat (of a large size). ↗ expanded
אַרְזַפְתָּא 1 (רזף) hammer. Targ. Judg. IV, 26.—Gitt. 56ᵇ. Meg. 25ᵃ (Ms. מַרְזפְתָּא). ↗ expanded
אַרְזַפְתָּא 2 (v. זַיִף, a. אַרְדַּפְנֵי = הַרְדַּ׳; cmp. Löw, Pfl. p. 320) hypericum (barbatum), St. John’s wort, a plant said to be fatal to cattle. B. Kam. 47ᵇ באר׳ Ar. a. Ms. H. (Var. הרזיפא, v. Koh. Ar.; ed. אפר׳) under ‘poison’ is meant arzafta which may also be called peré (fruit, produces of the earth). B. Bath. 20ᵃ אר׳ Ar. (Ms. אר׳, changed into אפ׳ as ed.). Cmp. הַרְזִיפּוּ. ↗ expanded
אָרַח , v. ארר) to go through; v. אָרִיחַ. to go outside, to travel. Part. אוֹרֵחַ q. v.—Denom. אוֹרַחpathPi. אֵרַח (Denom. of אוֹרֵחַ) to receive a guest, to lodge. Ber. 63ᵇ המְאָרֵחַ. Y. Ab. Zar. I, 39ᶜ bot. לאָרְחוֹ. Hithpa. הִתְאָרֵחַ, נִתְאָרֵחַto be received, be the guest of. Sabb. 13ᵇ a. fr. Y. Ḥall. IV, 60ᵃ מִתְאָ׳. ↗ expanded
אֲרַח , esp. to take lodging. Targ. Jud. XIX, 17. [ארח, ארחא Yoma 82ᵇ, a. e., Af. of רִיחַ.] Ithpe. אִתְאֲרַח , contr. אִתְרַחto dwell as a stranger, sojourn. Targ. Y. Deut. I, 6; v. אְחַר. ↗ expanded
אָרְחָא (preced.) traveler, guest. Targ. II Sam. XII, 4.—[Y. Ber. I, 2ᵈ top לא הוה ארחא אתיא וכ׳, oth. ed. ארתא, read שַׁחְרָא with oth. ed.].—Pl. אָרְחִין, אוֹרְחִין. Y. Peah VIII, end, 21ᵇ, (read as) Y. Shek. V, end, 49ᵇ הוה ליה א׳ he had guests. [אָרְחָא path, v. אוֹרְחָא.] ↗ expanded
ארטבלאי Targ. Esth. VIII, 10 Levita, v. ערְטִילֵי↗ expanded
אַרְטְבַןArtaban (IV), the last Parthian king, friend of R. Judah han-Nasi. Y. Peah I, 15ᵈ bot.; Gen. R. s. 35; Yalk. Deut. 844; Prov. 934.—V. אדרכן. ↗ expanded
אַרְטְבַנְיָאArtabania (named after Artaban, v. preced.), near Pumbeditha. Erub. 51ᵇ (Var. lect., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.). ↗ expanded
*ארטסיס , Ex. R. s. 13 וא׳ נכנס, read: ואין רוטב נכנס בתוכה but no juice enters into it, כך נעשה לבו של פרעה ולא היה מקבל וכ׳ so was Pharaoh’s heart made and it received not &c.; v. Ter. X, 11. ↗ expanded
אַרְטְקָפָא (ἀρτόκοπος) baker, בית א׳bakery. Midr. Sam. ch. XIX בית א׳ שלו (Var. ארתוקופיון q. v.) a rendition of beth hallaḥmi, I Sam. XVI, to his (Jesse’s) bakery, שהוא בא וכ׳ (read with Yalk. Sam. 124 והוא יבוא וכ׳) and he (Jesse) shall come out (to the bakery) from Bethlehem (to meet Samuel there). Yalk. l. c. ארנקפאן, ארכ׳ (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
אֲרֵי (v. next w.; cmp. אֲרוּ) prop. behold, in most cases corresponding to b. h. כִּי, that, so that, because, if; but. Targ. O. ארי; Targ. Y. ארום; v. fr. ↗ expanded
אֲרִי 1 (√אר, cmp. ירי) prop. to point, throw, hence (in a logical sense) to argue, question, discuss, treat. B. Kam. 30ᵇ מדקא ארינן גלל Ar. (ed. איירינן, v. infra) since we pointed out the law about the dung placed in the street as an argument against Rab. Keth. 16ᵃ, a. fr. ודקארי לה מאי קארי לה and he who raised the question, how could he raise it at all, i.e. the answer being so obvious, what must have been the impression he labored under, that he could ask such a question, or raise such an argument?—Y. Keth. VI, 30ᵈ bot. ואין קמו יתמי ואָרוּן if the heirs should rise and raise objections (go to law). Af. אַיְירִיsame. Ned. 2ᵇ איירי בהון he does treat thereof.—Pes. 6ᵇ, a. fr. איידי דאיירי ב־ incidentally of treating the question of … Kerith. 14ᵃ, a. fr. (באבר אחד) קא מַיְירֵי the argument is up (about one limb). B. Kam. 30ᵇ כי איירינן when we raised the objection (taking our argument from ‘the dung’, v. supra), it was before R. N. had given his opinion; a. fr.—Deriv. אִרְיָא. ↗ expanded
ארי , v. ארר) [to create a gap,] to pluck, esp. figs. Shebi. I, 2 הָאוֹרֶה וכ׳ the gatherer and his basket. B. Mets. 89ᵇ day laborers שהיו אוֹרִין בתאנים Ar. (ed. עודר׳; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 300) engaged in picking figs. Y. B. Bath. V, 15ᵃ bot.; a. fr.—Num. R. s. 20 Tanḥ. Bal. 4 (homiletic etymology of arah, Num. XXII, 6). ↗ expanded
אֲרִי 2 , v. preced.) [the light-colored] lion. B. Kam. 16ᵇ א׳ תרבות a tamed lion; a. fr.—Transf. brave man; distinguished scholar (opp. שועל). Yeb. 122ᵇ. Kidd. 48ᵇ; Snh. 8ᵇ. Gitt. 83ᵇ; Y. ib. IX, 50ᵃ אין משיבין את הא׳ וכ׳ you must not argue against a lion (scholar) after he is dead. B. Kam. 117ᵃ; a. fr.—Pl. אֲרָיוֹת.—זנב לא׳ a tail to lions, i.e. the least among the great (opp. head to foxes). Ab. IV, 15; Y. Snh. IV, 22ᵇ bot.—Ḥull. 3ᵇ, a. fr. גירי א׳, v. גֵּר.—[Gen. R. s. 28 א׳ גסטריות, v. גַּסְטְרָא.] Leo, Lion the fifth sign of the Zodiac (corresp. to the month of Ab). Yalk. Ex. 418. Pesik. Dibré p. 116ᵃ; Pesik. R. s. 27 (28, p. 133ᵇ, ed. Fr.); v. אֲרִיאֵל. homiletic surname of the Lord, Israel &c. Pesik. l. c.; Pesik. R. l. c.; Yalk. Jer. 259, v. אֲרִיאֵל. ↗ expanded
אֲרִי Targ. Num. XXIV, 9; a. fr.—B. Mets. 101ᵇ, a. e., v. אֲרב. Ned. 62ᵇ לאברוחי א׳ to drive the lion off, i.e. to get rid of the tax-collector.—Shebu. 22ᵇ, a. fr. א׳ הוא דרביע עלה a lion lies on it, i.e. it is unavailable because it is forbidden.—Ab. Zar. 31ᵇ, a. e. בר א׳ son of a lion (of a great man).—Ḥull. 59ᵇ the tiger is א׳ דבי עילאי the lion of the forest of Ilai (v. Schorr He-Ḥaluts VII, 32; cmp. Koh. Angelol. p. 103).—Pl. אַרְיָוָתָא, אַרְיָוָן. Targ. I Chron. XI, 22; a. fr.— Lam. R. to I, 9) א׳ דאורייתא the lions of the Law (scholars). Y. Shebi. IX, 39ᵃ top. Y. Sabb. I, 4ᵃ top מעלי רישא בין א׳ to put one’s head between lions, i.e. to argue against the opinions of great men. [Yalk. Num. 771 גבתא דא׳, v. אֲרִיחַ.] ↗ expanded
אִרְיָא (אֲרִי, אֲרָא) pointing at, argument, topic, subject. Kerith. 3ᵇ גבי כריתות דאי׳ וכ׳ in speaking of K’rithoth, where this (the punishment of extinction) is the subject proper, I may say, the general term of Sabbath &c. is introduced (relying on those places in the Mishnah where the respective laws are treated in detail). Yoma 74ᵃ, a. fr. אי משום הא לא א׳ were it only for this, there would be no argument (no difficulty). Kerith. 18ᵃ, a. fr. מאי א׳ כי וכ׳ why is the argument brought up only on the presumption (that he has eaten? Supposed, he had not eaten, would not the same argument hold good?). Sabb. 101ᵃ, a. fr. מידי א׳ is this an argument (i.e. how can you compare two cases so unlike each other)? ↗ expanded
אֲרִיאֵל (b. h.) Ariël, Divine Light (cmp. Ps. CXVIII, 27, v. אֲרִי II); poetic surname of the Temple and Jerusalem. Pesik. Dibré p. 116ᵃ. Pesik. R. s. 27 (28, p. 133ᵇ, ed. Fr.) הבית שנקרא אריה (read אריאל) the Temple which is called Ariël (Is. XXIX, 1). Ib. ישראל שנקרא אריאל (read אריה); בחדש שנקרא אריאל (read אריה); דבריו של אריאל (read אריה; Num. XXIII, 24; Amos III, 8); v. אַרְיֵה. ↗ expanded
אָרִיג (ארג) something woven, web. Sabb. XIII, 1; a. fr. Y. M. Kat. III, end, 83ᵈ, what is meant by אִיחוּי? Ans. כאריג when it looks as if woven. Meg. 26ᵇ, a. e. טווי לא׳ spinning the flax so as to prepare it for weaving (indirect preparation or designation); Snh. 48ᵃ טווי לאֲרִיגָה, (Rashi לאריג). ↗ expanded
אֲרִיגָה (v. preced.) weaving. Y. Yoma III, 40ᶜ bot. אֲרִיגָתָן בקודש their weaving must take place within the sanctuary. Snh. 48ᵃ, v. preced.↗ expanded
אַרְיוֹךְ (Gen. XIV, 1) Aryokh, homiletic surname of Nebuzraddan. Lam. R. to V, 5 (allusion to ארי). (cmp. Dan. II, 14) Aryokh, a title of Samuel, the contemporary of Rab. Sabb. 53ᵃ. Kidd. 39ᵃ. Men. 38ᵇ. Ḥull. 76ᵇ (prob. a Persian adaptation for judge). ↗ expanded
אָרִיחַ (ארח) bond-timber, also small bricks, which are placed at intervals between the rows of bricks (v. Sm. Ant. s. v. Paries II); lath (of half the width of a brick). Erub. I, 3; B. Bath. 3ᵇ; a. e.—Pl. אָרִיחִין. Y. Erub. I, 19ᵃ top ארחין (corr. acc.). ariaḥ, a term used in rules for writing certain passages of Holy Scriptures metrically arranged, the short space filled out with writing, opp. לבנה (brick, the larger space); v. R. Niss. to Meg. 16ᵇ; [Rashi: א׳ the writing, לבנהthe blank). Y. Meg. III, 74ᵇ bot.; Bab. ib. l. c.; Treat. Sof’rim XII, 10 א׳ ע"ג ל׳ וכ׳ small brick (lath) above brick, and brick above small brick (lath); e.g. (Ex. ch. XV)ויאמרו לאמר אשירה לד׳ כי גאה גאה סוסורכבו רמה בים עזי וזמרת יה ויהי ליIb. א׳ ע׳'ג א׳ וכ׳ small brick (lath) above small brick and brick above brick; e.g. (Esth. IX, 7 sq.)פרשנדתא ואתדלפון ואת↗ expanded
אֲרִיחַĂriaḥ; [Tarichæa, South of Tiberias, Neub. Géogr. p. 21ᵇ]. Y. Snh. X, 28ᵈ גופתה א׳; Sifré Num. 131 גובתא דא׳; Yalk. Num. 771 דאריא (Y. l. c. ed. Zyt. אריה) Gufta in the district of Ariaḥ. Tosef. Kil. I, 3; Y. ib. I, 27ᵃ bot. תחום א׳ district of A. ↗ expanded
אָרִיחָא (= h. אָרִיחַ) lath, bar, pole. Targ. Num. XIII, 23; a. e. (h. מוֹט). Bets. 32ᵇ נפל לה ארי׳ בתנורא ed. (Ar. ארחא) a binder of the brick wall fell into the stove. Sabb. 129ᵃ a house דשב לביניא וא׳ the width of whose walls was seven bricks and a half; a. e.—Pl. אָרִיחַיָּא, אֲרִיחִין, אַרְחֵי, אַרְחִין. Targ. Ex. XXV, 27; a. e. (h. בַּדִּים). B. Bath. 3ᵃ כפיסין ארחי K’fissin are bondlaths. Y. Erub. I, 19ᵃ top (also אורחין). ↗ expanded
אֲרִיךְ 1to be long, to project. Targ. I Kings VIII, 8; II Chr. V, 9.—Y. Ab. Zar. I, 39ᶜ top, v. אִימָמָא. Af. אוֹרֵיךְ, , Pa. אָרֵךְto be prolonged; to lengthen. Targ. Ex. XX, 12. Targ. Y. Deut. XXVIII, 67 מְאַרְכַן make appear long; a. fr.—Y. Taan. IV, 68ᵃ מְאַרְכָה יומין to live long; Koh. R. to VII, 7. to be tall. Snh. 109ᵇ כי מאריך when one was tall. to tarry, wait, hope. Targ. Num. IX, 22. Targ. Job VI, 11.—Y. Yoma VI, 43ᵈ אורכין צבחר wait a while. Y. R. Hash. I, 57ᵃ bot. הוות מוֹרְכָה וכ׳ she waited a whole year. Ib. הוו מורכין. Y. M. Kat. II, 81ᵇ top אילפא מורכא לך the ship will wait for thee. ↗ expanded
אֲרִיךְ 2 (preced.) long. Targ. Ezek. XVII, 3.—Targ. Prov. XIV, 17 דא׳ תרעיתיה whose intrigue is long prepared (h. איש מזמות). V. אֲרִיכָא (part. pass. of אֲרַךְto arrange) right, befitting. Ezra IV, 14.—Succ. 4ᵇ א׳ או לא א׳ is it right or not? B. Mets. 75ᵃ וא׳ and it is proper to do so. Midr. Till. to Ps. I, 2 וא׳ כדין is such a thing right? ↗ expanded
אָרִיךְ (preced.) prolonging, retarding. Targ. Y. I Num. XIV, 18 (II א׳ רחמין, read רוחיה). ↗ expanded
אָרֵיךְ (denom. of אֲרִיךְ II, 2) preparing, dressing. Sabb. 33ᵇ הוא קא א׳ ליה לבישריה was dressing (cleansing) his body. Keth. 103ᵇ ואָרֵיכְנָא וכ׳ I would dress parchment rolls of deer skins. ↗ expanded
אָרֵיכָא (preced.) [one who arranges arguments,] Arekha, title of a lecturer. Sabb. 59ᵇ גברא רבה א׳ a great man, a lecturer. Esp. known R. Aḥa Arekha. Ib. 111ᵃ; a. e. Ber. 33ᵃ ed. (Ms. M. Ḥiya); Abba Arekha (Rab, v. רַב). [In legend: tall, v. אָרוּךְ.] ↗ expanded
*אֲרֵיכָא (preced.) theme of a lecture. Midr. Till., beg. עבד לה א׳ used that idea of R. Yudan as a theme. ↗ expanded
אֲרִיכָא (v. אֲרִיךְ II) long, prolonged. Bets. 30ᵇ יומא א׳ Ms. M. (ed. אריכתא); Succ. 45ᵇ יומא א׳ an adjourned day.—Fem. אֲרִיכְתָּא. Ber. 4ᵇ תפלה א׳ a continued prayer; גאולה א׳ a continued benediction on redemption, v. גְּאוּלָּה.—Pl. אֲרִיכָתָא. Keth. 8ᵃ שית א׳ the six lengthy benedictions. ↗ expanded
אֲרִיכָה (ארך) prolongation, length; (sub. אף, or פנים) forbearance. Koh. R. to VII, 8 א׳ שהאריך וכ׳ the forbearance which Samuel showed. Gen. R. s. 70 א׳ פנים. Y. Ḥag. II, 77ᵇ bot.; a. e. א׳ ימים length of days, long life.—Gen. R. s. 64 א׳ ימים lapse of time. ↗ expanded
אֲרֵיכוּתָא (v. אֲרִיךְ II, preparation, future (v. ורך, Schr. KAT p. 549). Targ. Jer. XXXI, 5. ↗ expanded
אֲרִים, pr. n. Arim (Arum). Y. Ḥag. I, 76ᶜ bot.; Y. Pes. III, end, 30ᵇ עליית בית א׳, v. עֲלִייָּה; (Sifré Deut. 41 ערוד; Yalk. ib. 681 שערים; Kidd. 40ᵇ נתזה). ↗ expanded
אֱרִימִין (ἔρημα, τὰ) desert, wilderness. מקום א׳ a settlement in a desert. Lev. R. s. 35 (ed. אדרימון, Ar. ארימון, corr. acc.). Cant. R. to VII, 11.—Yalk. Jer. 257 אירימון, cmp. אֱירֵימִיאָה. ↗ expanded
*אָרִיס 1 (ארס) something tied to the body (περίαμμα), whence an emblem set in a ring or chain (cmp. Deut. VI, 8; Prov. VI, 21, also Sm. Ant. s. v. Amuletum). . Deut. R. s. 3 הכניסה לו שנים א׳ (read שני) brought into his house two emblems (of faith); the king, too, זקף לה כנגדן שני א׳ had two corresponding emblems set for her. Ib. Abraham delivered to his children שני א׳ two emblems (which they should guard, Gen. XVIII, 19). ↗ expanded
אָרִיס 2 (ארס) prop. bound, engaged, esp. tenant who tills the owner’s ground for a certain share in the produces, contrad. fr. חכור tenant who pays the landlord a certain rent in kind, irrespective of the yield of the crops. Y. Bicc. I, end, 64ᵇ. Y. B. Bath. III, 14ᵃ bot. א׳ שהוריד א׳ a farmer letting to a sub-farmer. Ex. R. s. 43. Lev. R. s. 1 אֲרִיסוֹ his (the king’s) tenant, i.e. Adam (in paradise); a. fr.—Pl. אֲרִיסִים, אֲרִיסִין. Y. B. Bath. l. c. Y. M. Kat. III, 82ᵇ bot. Deut. R. s. 7; a. fr.—Cmp. עָרִיס. ↗ expanded
אָרִיסsame, also field laborer. Targ. Y. Deut. XXIII, 25; 26 Levita (ed. פועל). Targ. Cant. VIII, 11.—Ab. Zar. 21ᵇ א׳ אריסותיה קעביד the gentile tenant working during the Jewish festive week, works for his tenancy (not as the Jew’s employee). Ḥag. 25ᵇ דינא הוא … א׳ וכ׳ it is the tenant’s business to procure kegs &c.—*B. Bath. 55ᵃ דאריסא דפרסאי עד וכ׳ Rashb. a. l. (ed. אריסותא, Var. דאֲרִישָׂן, שָׂאִין …, דאֲרִישָׂאָן, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note, Ms. M. דאריש׳) that the tenant of the Persians is such only up to forty years (after which time he is considered a legitimate owner); v. Nim. Jos. to Alf. a. l. [It seems that the Pers. Jews pronounced אֲרִישָׁא a. אֲרִישׁוּתָא, cmp. דִּישְׁתָּנָא a. דִּיסְתָּנָא.]—Pl. אֲרִיסַיָּא. Targ. Job XXIX, 23. אֲרִישָׂאִין, v. supra. [Lev. R. s. 28, v. אֲרִיסְטָא.] betrothed, v. אֲרַס. ↗ expanded
אֲרִיסוּת (אָרִיס II) tenancy, condition of the Aris. Peah V, 5 בא׳ as a tenancy; a. fr.—Pl. אֲרִיסִיּוֹת. Y. Bicc. I, end, 64ᵇ בעלי א׳ owners of tenanted properties, v. חֲכִירָה. ↗ expanded
אֲרִיסְטָא (corrupt. of אריסטיטא, ἀριστητής) break-fasting, in gen. invited guest. Pl. אֲרִיסְטִין, אֲרִיסְטַיָּיא. Koh. R. to I, 3 שביק א׳ וכ׳ let the guests eat (some ed. אריסטון, our guests?). Lev. R. s. 28 אריסייא (corr. acc.). Lam. R. to IV, 2 ביני א׳ among the seated guests. ↗ expanded
אֲרִיסְטוֹבּוֹלוֹס (Ἀριστόβουλος) Aristobule, brother of Hyrcan, son of Alexander Jannai. Men. 64ᵇ; B. Kam. 82ᵇ; a. e. ↗ expanded
אֲרִיסְטוֹן 1 (ἄριστον) orig. morning meal, later principal meal, dinner, repast. Y. Ber. IV, 7ᵇ אין הווה לכון א׳ כ׳ if ye are invited to a dinner, and the day is advanced, &c. Y. Snh. III, 21ᶜ top גו א׳ during dinner. Ib. VI, 23ᶜ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֲרִיסְטוֹן 2Ariston. Ḥall. IV, 11; Y. Shebi. VI, end, 37ᵃ (a Syrian land-owner).—Y. Yeb. XVI, end, 16ᵃ חד א׳ one Ariston. [‘One of the βουλὴ ἀριστῶν mentioned Cod. Theod. Lib. XII, Tit. 888, Frankel M’bo p. 65ᵃ.] ↗ expanded
אֲרִירָה (ארר) cursing, imprecation. Y. Ber. IV, 8ᶜ (play on Aron, the ark) from there א׳ יוצאה לעולם curse goes forth into the world (for transgressors); a. e. ↗ expanded
אֲרִישְׂתָּא (ארשׁ, v. ארס) prop. obligation, hence (sub. סעודת) a meal which creates an obligation, a meal which is given in the expectation of receiving invitations from the reciprocating members of a social club, opp. פורענא the entertainment in reciprocation for invitations received. M. Kat. 22ᵇ אריש׳ Ar. (ed. אריסותא, Ms. M. ארשיותא, read ארישו׳). ↗ expanded
אֲרִיתָא (ארת, √אר, cmp. יְאוֹר) cut, channel, dyke Targ. Ps. CVII, 35 (h. text אגם); a. e.—Ḥull. 107ᵃ א׳ דדלאי dyke for irrigation. B. Kam. 50ᵇ sq.—Pl. (אֲרִיתַּ׳) אֲרִיתַיָּא. Targ. O. Ex. VIII, 11. Targ. Ps. LXXVIII, 44. (h. text יְאֹר); a. e. Cmp. חריץ. ↗ expanded
ארך (√אר, cmp. ארג) to join, weave; whence to arrange, plan; v. ערך.—V. אֲרִיךְ II, אֲרוּכָה &c. ↗ expanded
אָרֵךְ , cmp. Schr. KAT p. 497 ארג; cmp. also גדל to plait,to be tall) to be [pointed, stretched,] long, tall. Hif. הֶאֱרִיךְto prolong, be long in doing. Ber. I, 4 אמרו להַאֲרִיךְ they commended a lengthy benediction. Ib. 34ᵃ; cmp. אַרְכָן. Yoma 35ᵇ הֶאֱ׳ בתפלתו staid long in prayer.—הא׳ ימים to live long. Meg. 27ᵇ; a. fr.—Ber. 8ᵇ, a. fr. מַאֲרִיכִין ימיו his life will be prolonged.—פנים, הא׳ רוחto be long-suffering, forbearing. Y. Shebu. IV, beg. 35ᵇ; a. fr.—Y. Taan. II, 65ᵇ bot. when collecting debts (punishing) מאריך וגובה he is slow in collecting (punishes in long intervals, gives extension). to be long, last long. Num. R. s. 20, end הא׳ הברזל the point of the spear grew longer, v. infra; a. fr. [to lengthen the carrying pole,] to make heavy. Nidd. 16ᵇ כמה הֶאֱרַכְתָּ עלינו how heavy thou hast made our burden (through restrictive laws)! Nif. נֶאֱרַךְto be prolonged, grow longer. Sifré Num. 131; Yalk. ib. 771; (Num. R. l. c. האריך). ↗ expanded
אֶרֶךְ (b. h.) only with אַף, אֲפַּיִםlong-suffering, forbearing. Y. Taan. II, 65ᵇ; a. fr.; v. אַף. ↗ expanded
אַרְכָא 1 (ארך; cmp. אוּרְבָּא); pl. אַרְכֵיmeshes, ranges, intervals. Sabb. 50ᵇ. Gitt. 69ᵇ. B. Bath. 3ᵃ, v. אוּרְבָּא.—Targ. Esth. VIII, 15 בארכוהי in its (the girdle’s) meshes. ↗ expanded
אַרְכָא 2 (ארך) duration, term, limit; extension of time. Dan. IV, 24 (prolongation). Ib. VII, 12 (set term).—Targ. Gen. VI, 3; a. e. ↗ expanded
אַרְכָא 3 (= h. אֲרוּכָה) healing, restoration. Targ. II Chr. XXIV, 13.—Pl. (אֲרוּכִין) אַרְכִין. Targ. Ps. CXLVII, 3 (ed. Vien. ארכא). ↗ expanded
אַרְכָה (v. אַרְכָא II) extension, a certain time. Num. R. s. 14 (p. 259ᵃ ed. Amst.) נתן להם א׳ וכ׳ allowed them a certain time but finally punished them. ↗ expanded
אַרְכּוּבָה (רכב) the leg from under the hip-bone to the ankle, the knee and its surrounding parts (containing three sections each of which is called א׳ and defined by a different surname). Ḥull. IV, 6; v. ib. 76ᵃ (also רְכוּבָה); a. fr. anything joined, joint. Kil. VII, 1 הא׳ שבגפן (Tosef. ib. IV, 11, Var. הבריכה שבסלע) that part of the vine which is bent down and laid in the ground to rise at another place. Y. Meg. I, 71ᶜ bot. א׳ של למ"ד the lower joint of the Lammed. Kel. XIV, 8 מפתח של א׳ וכ׳ (Tosef. Kel. B. Mets. IV, 15 רוֹכְבָּה … רְכוּבָתוֹ) a key with a joint, broken at the joint.—Pl. אַרְכּוּבוֹת. Nidd. 30ᵇ. B. Mets. 105ᵃ ↗ expanded
אַרְכּוּבְתָּא Targ. Esth. V, 9. [Y. Maasr. V, end, 52ᵃ אביבא דפילא, read ארכובא or עניבה; Y. Ned. III, 37ᵈ bot.; Y. Shebu. III, 34ᵈ.]—Pl. אַרְכּוּבָתָא. Targ. Koh. XII, 3. Targ. II, Esth. VI, 11.—אַרְכּוּבַיָּא Targ. Job. IV, 4.—V. רְכוּבְתָּא. ↗ expanded
אַרְכוֹן (= h. אַרְכָן q. v.) ruler, elder Targ. I Chr. XI, 2 (h. text נגיד). Targ. Job. XXI, 28 (h. text נדיב); a. fr.—Y. Ber. V, 9ᵃ עבר א׳ an elder passed by.—Pl. אַרְכוֹנִין. Targ. II Chr. XI, 11; a. e.—Y. Peah VIII, 21ᵃ (defective sentence); [h. pl. אַרְכוֹנוֹת, v. ארְכָן). ↗ expanded
אַרְכוֹנְטוֹס (ἄρχων, -οντος) archont, city-magistrate, prefect. Y. Taan. IV, 69ᵃ top. Lam. R. to II, 2; IV, 18. Gen. R. s. 76 ארכוננוס (corr. acc.). [The office of a city mayor or senator in the Roman days was often ruinous to its occupants; v. Sm. Ant. s. v. Senatus.] ↗ expanded
אַרְכִי 1 (ארך, v. עַרְכִי; an adaptation of ἀρχή, cmp. אַרְכָן) term of office, office, court of elders. Num. R. s. 9 whoever was signed as a witness בא׳ ישנה וכ׳ (Kidd. IV, 5 ערכי q. v.) in the old court of Zepphoris.—Y. M. Kat. II, end, 81ᵇ מעלה לאַרְכִיָים he (the gentile) takes the deed to their (gentile) office for recording. Y. Gitt. I, 43ᵈ top.—Ruth R. to I, 3 א׳ של בנך דוחקת the time of thy son’s accession to office presses. Deut. R. s. 2 הגיע א׳ וכ׳ surrender thy office to Joshua. Ib. a prefect שהיה בא׳ שלו who was in his office; a. fr.—Pl. אַרְכִיּוֹת. Ruth. R. l. c. א׳ א׳ הן the terms of office are predestined (cmp. Sabb. 30ᵃ bot. ואין מלכות וכ׳). [עַרְכָאוֹת, v. עַרְכִי.] ↗ expanded
אַרְכִי 2 קִרְיַת א׳ Kiryath Arkhi (= קרית ספר); v. preced. Targ. Josh. XV, 15; a. e. ↗ expanded
אַרְכִי 3 (Greek pref. ἀρχι—) chief of (gen. followed by a pl.) as א׳ בִּרְיוֹנִיםchief of the castle guard. Pesik. Ekha p. 122ᵇ Ar. (ed. אדני מריונים, corr. acc.); v. respective determinants. ↗ expanded
אַרְכִיּוֹן (ἀρχεῖον, archivum) prefecture, public building, archive. Tanḥ. Ki Thetsé 9 he went לא׳ של וכ׳ into the Egyptian archive; Pesik. Zakh. p. 27ᵃ לבית א׳ Ar. (ed. ארמון, corr. acc.); Yalk. a. l. ארכוון (some ed. ארמון, corr. acc.). Esth. R. to I, 3 להדא א׳ דגדר as in the state-house of Gadara. [Ex. R. s. 5 בית ארמון corr. acc.] ↗ expanded
אַרְכִיטִיקְטוֹן (ἀρχιτέκτων, architectus) architect, engineer. Gen. R. s. 24, beg. לא׳ שבנה וכ׳ to be compared to an engineer that built the fortifications of a principality; Num. R. s. 9, beg. לארכי קיטון קטאד׳ (corr. acc., and insert שנעשה) to an architect that was appointed &c.; a. fr.—Pl. אַרְכִיטֶקְטוֹנִין, אַרְכִיטֶקְטִין. Y. Ber. IX, 13ᵃ top טקטנן … (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
אַרְכִילֵיסְטֵיס (ἀρχιλήστης) chief robber, leader of a gang. Gen. R. s. 48; a. fr. [Frequ. ארכיליסטים, divide in two words, v. אַרְכִי III, a. לֵיסְטֵיס.] [Yalk. Ex. 255 ארכיליסטוסין, טוטין …, read אִיסְכּוֹלַסְטִיקִין.—Midr. Sam. s. 25, end ארכיליסטים some ed., v. אָרְכֵיסְטֵיס.] ↗ expanded
אָרְכֵיסְטֵיס (ὀρχήστης) dancer. Y. Succ. V, 55ᶜ top; Y. Snh. II, 20ᵇ bot. ארכסטס; Num. R. s. 4.—Pl. אָרְכֵיסְטִין or אָרְכֵיסְטֵיסִין. Midr. Sam. s. 25, end ארכיסטריס, Var. ארכיליסטיס (corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
*אַרְכִיסְטְרָאטֵיגוֹס (ἀρχιστρατηγός) commander in chief; also chief magistrate (v. אִסְטְרָטֵיגוֹס). Gen. R. s. 58; (Ex. R. s. 31 אסטרט׳). ↗ expanded
ארכיסטריגוס , Gen. R. s. 58, corr. as preced. w. ↗ expanded
אַרְכָן 1 (ארך, an adaptation of ἄρχων) elder, magistrate. B. Bath. 164ᵇ a letter of divorce dated בשנת פלוני א׳ (Var. עַרְכָן, עַרְכָאן v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 3 sq.; cmp. עַרְכִי) in the year when—was magistrate; v. דּוּגִין.—Pl. אַרְכוֹנוֹת. Cant. R. to VII, 9. Ch. אַרְכוֹן, אַרְכוֹנָא. ↗ expanded
אַרְכָן 2 (אָרֵךְ) one giving long prayers, opp. קַצְּרָן. Ber. 34ᵃ; Mekh. B’shall., Vayassa 1 מארכן (read מה א׳). ↗ expanded
אַרְכָנוּתָא (אַרְכָן I) office. B. Bath. 164ᵇ (Var. עַרְכָנ׳, v. אַרְכָן I). ↗ expanded
אֲרָם (b. h.) Aram, son of Shem., son of Shem. Targ. Gen. X, 22; a. e. Aramaea, Syria. Targ. I Kings XX, 1; a. fr. (a disguise for רוֹמָא) Rome, Roman empire (cmp. אֱדוֹם). Pes. 87ᵇ לקבל גזרות אכזריות א׳ ed. (read לסבול … של א׳; in Ms. M. 1 only לסבול גזיר׳, Ms. 2 … של רומיים; oth. var., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note; Gitt. 17ᵃ אֲרוֹמִיִּים) to endure the severe decrees of Rome. ↗ expanded
אֲרַמָּא (= h. אֲרַמִּי) Syrian. Targ. Gen. XXV, 20; a. e.—B. Kam. 59ᵃ דיקלא א׳ Ms. (ed. דא׳ corr. acc.) Syrian palm-tree.—Fem. אֲרַמִּיתָא. Targ. I Chr. VII, 14 (ed. Rahm. ארמותא).—Pl. m. אֲרַמָּאֵי. Targ. II Chr. XXII, 5; f. אֲרַמְיָאתָא. Sabb. 29ᵃ Syrian (dates).—Cmp. אַרְמַאי. ↗ expanded
אַרְמַאי ch. m. (= b. h. אֲרַמִּי) Syrian, in gen. gentile, Roman; cmp. אֲרַמִּי 2). Targ. O. Lev. XXV, 47.—Y. Shebi. IV, 35ᵃ; 35ᵇ חד א׳ ברומי (Y. Snh. III, 21ᵇ חד בר נש) a gentile in Rome. Ib. או יהודיי וכ׳ (prob. plur.) either be Jewish Jews (living as Jews ought to) or gentile gentiles (Roman Romans). Y. Ab. Zar. III, 41ᶜ top ארמייא וכ׳ the leather bottle of an Aramæan (or gentile) burst open. Yeb. 45ᵇ בר ארמאה son of a gentile. Ḥull. 97ᵃ; a. fr.—Pl. אַרְמָאֵי. Targ. Y. Deut. XXXII, 24 (Romans); a. e.—Ab. Zar. 31ᵇ.—Gitt. 17ᵃ אֲרוֹמָאֵי (Romans). Gen. R. s. 63 אַרְמָאִין. Koh. R. to VII, 11 אַרְמָיִין.—Num. R. s. 7 אַרְמָאִים (Kel. I, 8 עכ"ום); a. fr. [Lev. R. s. 34 אתון מארמאין, read מיזדמאין, v. זְמֵי.]—Fem. אַרְמַיְיתָא. Yeb. l. c. V. אֲרַמָּא. ↗ expanded
אַרְמוֹן 1enclosure, palace (poëtic). Ab. Zar. 24ᵇ praised בדביר א׳ in the innermost of the Palace (Temple). [Ex. R. s. 5 בית א׳; Pesik. Zakh. p. 27ᵃ, v. אַרְכִיּוֹן.] Cmp. ארם Schr. KAT p. 536. ↗ expanded
*אַרְמוֹן 2Armon. Yeb. 45ᵃ captives coming from A. (v. Neub. Géogr. p. 371; prob. ident. with רִמּוֹן, q. v.). ↗ expanded
אַרְמוֹן 3 (v. עַרְמוֹן) platanus, the oriental plane. אַרְמוֹנִים. Gen. R. s. 15, beg.; (R. Hash. 23ᵃ; B. Bath. 81ᵃ עַרְ׳). ↗ expanded
אָרָמוּתָא (רום) raising, rising. Targ. Is. XIX, 16; a. e. waving, heave-offering. Targ. O. Ex. XXIX, 27; a. e.—Pl. אֲרַמְוָתָא, const. אֲרַמְוָת. Targ. O. Num. XVIII, 11 (Var. אֲרָמוּת sing.). ↗ expanded
אֲרַמִּי , אֲרָמִית f. (b. h.) Aramaean, Aramaic, Chaldaic. [Targ. II Kings XVIII, 26.]—לשון א׳ Chaldaic. Sabb. 12ᵇ; a. fr. (= אֲרוֹמִי; v. אֲרָםRomish, Roman, heathen. [Owing to Christian censors as well as timid Jewish copyists, many of the passages originally referring to Romans, Christians, &c., have been altered by substituting Arammi, Kuthi, Goy &c., so that only by keen criticism their real application can be ascertained.]—Fem. gentile woman. Ber. 8ᵇ (Ms. M. ארמאית). Snh. IX, 6; a. fr.—Y. Meg. I, 71ᶜ top ארמיתLatin; v. בָּדָא.—Pl. אֲרַמִּים Meg. 11ᵃ (some ed. פרסיים; Ms. M. רוֹמִיִּים; Sifra B’ḥukk. Par. II, ch. 8 אספסיינוס). V. אֲרוֹמִי. ↗ expanded
אֲרַמְיוּתָא (preced.) gentile ways, Romedom, idolatry, &c. Meg. III (IV), 9 (25ᵃ) whoever translates (Lev. XVIII, 21), ‘Of thy seed thou shalt give none לאעברא בא׳ (Ms. Lond. לאעבורי אומיתא, v. Var. in Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) to become with child in Romedom (identifying Molokh with Rome and misinterpreting l’haăbir for the purpose of making it applicable to sexual connection with Romans) must be silenced with a sharp rebuke (v. נְזִיפָה); cmp. Targ. Y. Lev. l. c.—Ab. Zar. 70ᵃ כד הוינן בארמיותן (Ms. M. הואי בגיותא) when we were yet in our heathendom (prior to our conversion). ↗ expanded
אַרְמִינְיָאArmenia, the plateau of Western Asia. Lam. R. to I, 14.—Targ. Y. Gen. VIII, 4 name of a mountain and of a city. ↗ expanded
אִרְמֵל (denomin. of next w.) Nithpa. נִתְאַרְמְלָהto become a widow (a Chaldaism). Keth. II, 1; V, 1; v. אִלְמֵן. Yeb. 42ᵇ; a. e. ↗ expanded
אַרְמְלָא (= אלמל׳ fr. עלם; v. אַלְמוֹן; v. P.; v. P. S. s. v. 391) widow. Targ. Gen. XXXVIII, 11; a. fr.—Y. Sabb. I, 3ᵈ top; a. fr.—Pl. אַרְמְלָן. Targ. Ex. XXII, 23, a. e.—Y. Keth. I, beg. 24ᵈ.—אַרְמְלָאתָא, אַרְמְלָתָא. Targ. Job XXII, 9; a. e.—Y. Meg. III, 74ᵃ top; a. e. ↗ expanded
אַרְמַנִּיאָהArmannia (Romania, New-Rome, Constantinople). Targ. Lam. IV, 21 Var. (h. text עוץ).—Deriv. pl. אַרְמַנְיָיאֵי. Targ. I Chr. I, 17 ed. Beck. (ed. Rahm. ארמצ׳ corr. acc.). ↗ expanded
אַרְמַנְיוֹס (represent. a tribe; v. preced.) Armanius. Targ. I Chr. I, 42 (h. text עוץ). ↗ expanded
אַרְמְנָיָיאArmenian (?). Y. Gitt. VI, 48ᵈ bot. ר׳ יעקב א׳; Y. M. Kat. III, 82ᶜ top ר׳ א׳ (insert יעקב). ↗ expanded
אֹרֶןpine (Assyr. ארןcedar, Schr. KAT p. 411).—Pl. אֳרָנִים. Par. III, 8 (R. Hai Gaon ארנן). R. Hash. 23ᵃ אֲרוֹנִים (Var. עֲרוֹנִים). B. Bath. 81ᵃ ע׳. ↗ expanded
אַרְנָא (= h. אָרוֹן) chest. Sabb. 32ᵃ שקורין לא"הק א׳ who call the holy ark, ‘the chest’. ↗ expanded
אַרְנֶבֶת (b. h.) hare; [pr. n. f., v. next w.]. Meg. 9ᵇ. Lev. s. 13 הא׳ זו יון Arnebeth (Lev. XI, 6) is an allusion to Yavan (Greece); cmp. next w.—Pl. אַרְנָבִים. Sabb. 27ᵃ; Men. 39ᵇ. [Assyr. Annabu, Schr. KAT p. 498.] ↗ expanded
אַרְנַבְתָּא Targ. Lev. XI, 6; a. e.—Lam. R. to II, 10; Ned. 65ᵃ ארנבא.—Y. Meg. I, 71ᵈ bot. אמו של תלמי … ארנתא וכ׳ (corr. acc.) King Ptolemee’s mother was named Hare (λαγώς); cmp. Meg. 9ᵇ where the King’s wife is named arnebeth↗ expanded
*אַרְנוֹן 1 (deriv. of אָרוֹן) chest with many cases, trader’s chest. Tanḥ. B’midb. 20 לאדם פרגמטיוטיס שהיה לו א׳ של זכוכית Ar. (ed. incorr.) like a trader that had a chest containing (common) glass beads; cmp. Tanḥ. ed. Bub. 23ᵃ. note; Yalk. Num. 692 (where אבנים must be read ארנון). ↗ expanded
אַרְנוֹן 2 (an adaptation of annona, cmp. אַנּוֹנָא a. טַסְקָא) [chest, treasury, v. preced.] tax from crops and other farmer’s produces delivered in kind. Y. Keth. XIII, 35ᵈ א׳ גולגולת annona and poll-tax.—Pes. 6ᵃ בהמת א׳ cattle subject to the annona (v. D. C. ed. Hensch, s. v. Annona: ‘capitur etiam in pecudibus’); עיסת א׳ dough made of flour subject to annona.—Pl. אַרְנוֹנוֹת, אַרְנוֹנִיּוֹת, אַרְנוֹנִין. Targ. Y. Deut. XXVIII, 36. Lev. R. s. 29. Y. Shebi. IV, 35ᵇ; a. fr.—Y. Snh. III, 21ᵇ top מיגבי ארנונין to collect taxes Pesik. Shek. 11ᵇ (description of Roman extortions) אייתי ארנונֵיךְ bring thy annonae↗ expanded
אָרְנָטוּס (ornatus, ὀρνᾶτος) decoration. Lam. R. to IV, 1 שהיה דומה לא׳ של זהב (ed. ארנטס, ארונטס) who was (to the nation) like a gold decoration. ↗ expanded
אַרְנְקָא B. Bath. 8ᵃ; a. fr.—Trnsf. א׳ דמוחא bag, i.e. membrane of the brains. Ber. 19ᵃ.—Pl. אַרְנְקֵי. B. Mets. 84ᵇ. Keth. 67ᵃ ↗ expanded
אַרְנְקַי (אנק, ר inserted for Dagesh) merchant’s bag suspended from the neck, cmp. אֲמַפְּלַי; in gen. money-bag, purse. Y. Kidd. I, 61ᵃ bot. Lev. R. s. 14; a. fr. [Ib. א׳ של כסף, read אוּנְקְיָא.] ↗ expanded
אֶרֶס (√רס; v. רְסַס; as to modification of meaning cmp. Lat. virus) prop. drop, fluid. esp. poison. Y. Ter. III, beg. 42ᵃ the serpent הטיל בו א׳ threw a drop (of poison) into it. Sabb. 62ᵇ (play on t’akkasnah, Is. III, 16) כארס בכעוס (read כא׳ עכיס; v. Var. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) like the serpent’s poison; a. fr.—Y. Maasr. V, end, 52ᵃ an onion שאין לו אירם (read אירס) which has no penetrating moisture.—Pl. אֵרְסִין, אֵירְסִין. Y. Ter. VIII, 45ᵉᵈ. Cmp. רִיס. ↗ expanded
אֶרֶס ² Targ. Y. Deut. I, 31; Gen. III, 14, some ed. אֲרֵיסָא; a. fr.—Pl. אֵירְסִין. Targ. Y. Deut. XXXII, 24 (ed. Vien. אֲרִיסַן). ↗ expanded
אָרַס , v. ארר) to bind, join; to betroth. Part. pass. אָרוּס, f. אֲרוּסָהbetrothed, engaged. Keth. 13ᵇ אָרוּס וַאֲרוּסָתוֹ a betrothed couple. Y. Ḥag. II, 77ᵈ אֲרוּסִי my betrothed, i.e. my beloved citizen. Pi. אֵרַס, אֵירַסto betroth to one’s self, engage in marriage. Y. Bets. V, 63ᵃ bot. לְאָרֵס. Ib. הא לארס יְאָרֵס but betroth he may; a. fr.—Yeb. VI, 4 אירס וכ׳ he betrothed a widow. Keth. I, 6 אֵרַסְתַּנִי, אֵרַסְתִּיךְ; a. fr. [As to the legal status of betrothal, v. אֵרוּסִין.] to give away in betrothal (of the bride’s father). Ib. IV, 2.—Part. pass. מְאוֹרָסָה. Snh. VII, 9; a. fr.—Ex. R. s. 33 (play on morashah, Deut. XXXIII, 4).— Hithpa. a. Nithpa. הִתְאָרְסָה, נִתְאָרְסָהto be betrothed (only of the woman). Keth. III, 3; a. e.—Yeb. IV, 10 הנשואות יִתְאָרְסוּ וכ׳ those who have been married before, may get betrothed (before the expiration of three months after separation from their husbands by death or divorce), and those who have been betrothed (and not yet married), may get married (during the above term). ↗ expanded
אֲרַס , fut. יֵירוּס, ch. same. Targ. O. Deut. XXVIII, 30; a. fr.—(אַרְסָא) מְאַרְסָאbetrothed woman. Targ. Y. Lev. XX, 10. Targ. Ex. XXII, 15 (16).—*Cant. R. to IV, 12 אֲרוּסָתֵיה or אֲרוּסְתֵּיה (Chald. suffix) his betrothed.—[Lev. R. s. 34 דאינון מארסוון, read מאנסיכון, v. אֲנַס, or דאתון מיזדמיין, v. זְמֵי.] Ithpe. אִתְאֲרִיס , contr. אִתְרִיס (cmp. אֲנַס Ithpe.) to be betrothed. בת אִיתְרוּסֵיmarriageable. Gitt. 43ᵃ; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אָרְסְקִינָסUrsicinus, a Roman general delegated against Judea by Gallus who, as Constantine’s nephew and associate emperor, resided at Antiochia. Y. Yeb. XVI, beg. 15ᶜ; Y. Sot. IV, 23ᶜ bot. א׳ מלכא U. the king (royal governor?). Y. Shebi. IV, 35ᵃ הורון מֵפֵי … לא׳; Y. Bets. I, 60ᶜ bot. הורי פיתא לא׳ וכ׳ (insert מֵפֵי) the sages allowed to have bread baked on the Sabbath for (the army of) U. because his intercession might be needed. [Diff. explan. of latter sentence, v. Frankel M’bo, p. 56ᵃ.] Y. Ber. V, 9ᵃ. Y. Meg. III, 74ᵃ top א׳ אוקיד וכ׳ U. burnt the scrolls of the Law of the congregation of Zennabris. ↗ expanded
אָרַע (√רע, v. רעע) to strike against. Nif. נֶאֱרַע to come in contact with (cmp. זווג), to happen, befall (gen. of evil occurrences). Ber. IV, 2 שלא תֵּאָרַע וכ׳ (Bab. ed. 28ᵇ שלא יֵאָרַע דבר וכ׳) that no (religious) offence may happen through me (by an erroneous decision &c.). Yoma I, 1 שׁמא יארע בו פסול lest something may occur to him to unfit him for services. Esth. R. to II, 7 שיארע על ישראל (read שיארע לישר׳) will happen to Israel; a. fr. Pi. אֵירַע, אִירַעto strike, befall; (neut. v.) to occur. Y. Kidd. I, 58ᵈ top ולא א׳ מעשה no accident (illegal act) occurred. Gen. R. s. 84 כל מה שאירע לזה וכ׳ whatever befell the one, befell also the other; a. fr.—M. Kat. II, 1 אֵירְעוֹ אבל (Ms. M. אירע בו) mourning in the family befell him; a. e.—Y. Shek. V, 48ᵈ bot. כך וכך אירע; Y. Dem. I, 22ᵃ אירעון … (read אירעוֹ) so and so it happened to him. Part. Pu. מְאוֹרָע q. v. Hithpa. הִתְאָרֵעַto be added to, to join. Y. Sot. I, 17ᵃ אחת מִתְאַרְעָה לאחת וכ׳ one (sin) is added to the other, until the account is full; Num. R. s. 9. ↗ expanded
אֲרַע 1 (in Targ. Y.; in O. usu. עֲרַע q. v.) same; to join, meet, find; to attack, visit. Targ. Y. Gen. XIX, 19 תִירְעִינַנִי may befall me Targ. Y. Deut. XXXII, 10 (h. text מצא). Targ. Y. Ex. V, 3 (h. פגע). Ib. IV, 2 (h. פגש; ed. Vien. ועַרַע read וַאֲרַע). Targ. Y. Lev. V, 7 לא תֶאֱרַע ידיה he will not be able, cannot afford (h. text תגיע וכ׳, cmp. תמצא ידו); a. fr. [Targ. Y. II, Ex. XV, 9 ואַרְעֵי יתהון (I ונָרַע, וגדע) read ואֶירַע and I shall meet them.] Ithpa. אִתְאָרַע,Ithpe. אִיתְרַע, אִירַע or Pa. אַרַעto be met; to meet. Targ. Y. I Num. XXIII, 15 אֶתְעָרַע (h. text אֶקָּרֶה). M. Kat. 18ᵃ, a. e. איתרע ביה מילתא an accident befell him (death in the family).—Lev. R. s. 37 אַרְעַת שעתא it so happened. Koh. R. to XI, 1 ארעת ענת׳ וכ׳ it happened to be the season when the Israelites travelled to Jerusalem. Y. Dem. I, 22ᵃ אירעון, v. preced. Targ. Esth. VIII, 8 תִתְּרַן = תתארען; Targ. Y. Gen. XLIV, 34 תברז (corr. acc.). [אתרע to be shaken, weakened, v. רעע.] Af. אוֹרַע = Pe. Targ. Ruth II, 3; a. e.—Targ. Ps. LXXXV, 11 אוֹרְעוּן (some ed. אָרְעִין Pe.) meet each other. ↗ expanded
*אָרַע 2 (√רע, cmp. רוּעַ, Hif.הֵרִיעַ, cmp. קָרָא a. קָרָה) to proclaim a festival. Sifré Num. 147 אֵירְעוֹ במאכל וכ׳ proclaim it (as מקרא קדש) with special meal and dress; v. Mekh. Bo 9, beg. Pu. אוֹרָעto be proclaimed. B. Bath. 113ᵇ with והיתה … משפט (Num. XXVII, 11) אוֹרְעָה כל וכ׳ the whole section has been proclaimed as of a judicial nature; (Ms. M. הודעה, v. יָדַע). ↗ expanded
אֲרַע 2 (Targ. Y., O. usu. עֲרַע q. v.), Pa. אָרַע, אַרַע same. Targ. Y. Lev. XXIII, 2; a. fr. Targ. O. Num. X, 2 לעָרָעָה ed. Berl. (oth. ed. לאַרְעָא); (Targ. Y. לעָרָעָא, לעַרְעָא!). [Targ. Y. Lev. XXIII, 4 דִּי יִתְרְעוּן, corr. די תְאַרְעוּן. Ib. 21, a gloss חיין וקיימין הי בזמן ref. to the festive benediction שהחייני וקימנו וכ׳.]—Denom. מְאַרְעָא, מְעַרְעָא. ↗ expanded
אִרְעָא (אֲרַע I) accident, occurrence. Targ. Ruth II, 3.—[*Pl. אַרְעַיָּיאevils, diseases. Targ. Y. Deut. XXVIII, 60 (prob. to be read מַרְעַיָּא).] ↗ expanded
אַרְעָא (√רע, h. q. v.) [the brittle] land, earth, ground, field. Targ. Gen. I, 1. Targ. Y. Gen. XVI, 5; a. fr.—B. Bath. 29ᵃ חדא א׳ one field; v. בָּאגָא.—Bekh. 25ᵇ א׳ דחשוכא a land of darkness (Babylon); a. fr.—Sabb. 65ᵃ בת א׳ (a Chaldaic adaptation of ποδάγρα, podagra) gout, sore on the toes.—עמא דא׳ = עם הארץ, v. אֶרֶץ.—Pl. אַרְעָן, אַרְעָאן, אַרְעיָּין. Targ. Jer. XXVIII, 8 Levita, Targ. II Esth. IV, 1. Usu. אַרְעָתָא. Targ. Gen. XXVI, 3; a. fr.—B. Bath. 12ᵇ; 61ᵇ fields.—B. Kam. 7ᵃ הוקר א׳, הוזל א׳ (Ms. M. זול, sub. דמי) land fell, rose in price. V. לְאַרַע. ↗ expanded
אַרְעָאָה (preced.) earth-ward, that which, he who, is below, nethermost. Targ. Josh. XVI, 3; a. fr.—Y. Kil. IX, end, 32ᵈ שלח א׳ to put off the undergarment. Y. B. Mets. X, beg. 12ᶜ ארעייא who lives in the story below.—Pl. אַרְעָאִין, אַרְעָאֵי. Targ. Gen. VI, 16; a. e.—Lam. R. to I, 16 עביד בא׳ וכ׳ deal with the inferiors (females) as thou didst with the superiors (men); ib. to IV, 19; Y. Succ. V, 55ᵇ (incorr. vers.).—Fem. אַרְעִיתָא. Targ. Ez. XLI, 7; a. fr.—Y. Maas. Sh. V, 56ᶜ top.—Pl. אַרְעַיָּתָא, אַרְעַיָּיתָא. Targ. Ez. XLII, 5; 6. Y. Yoma I, 38ᶜ; Y. Meg. V, 75ᶜ bot., v. אִסְכּוּפְתָּא. [Targ. Esth. אַרַע מיניה, v. לְאַרַע.] ↗ expanded
אַרְעַי (אָרַע I) chance-, occasional, temporary, v. עַרְאַי. ↗ expanded
אַרְפְּכָס (ἅρπαξ = ὑδράρπαξ, ἁρπάγιον) clepsydra, water-clock. Kel. XIV, 8; XXX, 4 אר׳ Ar. (ed. אפ׳). Gen. R. s. 4 הבא אר׳ get me a clepsydra. ↗ expanded
אֶרֶץרצץ; Ch. a. oth. dial. ארע fr. רעעto press together, stamp—from the rugged appearance of the surface after the subsidence of the waters) earth, dry land; country, land, field (opp. to town). Ex. R. s. 13 … threw dust upon the waters ונעשה א׳ and earth (crust) was formed.—א׳ ישראל (abbr. א"י) Palestine, opp. חוצה לָאָ׳, or מדינת הים foreign countries, or distant countries. Gitt. I, 2. Ib. 6ᵃ; a. fr.—הָאָרֶץ Palestine, Ḥull. 16ᵇ משנכנסו לא׳ since entering Palestine (under Joshua); a. fr.—עם הָאָ׳ (abbr. ע"ה) country people, hence illiterate, coarse, unrefined (often applied to an individual); pl. עַמֵּי הא׳, opp. תלמיד חכם. Sabb. 63ᵃ. Ḥull. 92ᵃ; a. v. fr.—Esp. ע"הthose not observing certain religious customs regarding tithes, levitical cleanness &c., opp. חָבֵר q. v. Dem. I, 2; a. fr.—Pl. אֲרָצוֹת. Shebi. IX, 2 שלש א׳ וכ׳ Palestine is divided into three countries with reference to the laws of the Sabbath year. Keth. 111ᵃ; a. e., v. עִיסָה; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֲרָק (ארק, cmp. חרק; אדק, עדק, cmp. חדק) a perforated vessel, a sort of clepsydra used in sick rooms. Erub. 104ᵃ ומטיפין מארק Mus. a. oth. (ed. מיארק read מי א׳, Ms. M. אריך, indistinct, Ms. Oxf. ארג, Ar. אדק a. ארק, v. Ar. ed. Koh.) you may, on the Sabbath, let water drip from the Arak for a sick person; Y. Erub. X, 26ᵈ top מוסיפין בעדק (מטיפין); Tosef. Sabb. II, 8 מן אדק ed. Zuck. (Var. האדק). ↗ expanded
אַרְקָא 1 (= אַרְעָא, cmp. רקק, v. אֶרֶץ) earth. Jer. X, 11.—Pesik. Baḥod. p. 155ᵃ; Gen. R. s. 13; a. e. ↗ expanded
אַרְקָא 2 (Ἄρκη, Ἄρκαι) Arca, also called A. Cæsarea, Cæs. Libani, at the North-Western foot of Mount Lebanon. Gen. R. s. 37 (interpreting הערקי Gen. X, 17) א׳ דליבנן (some ed. ארקס). [Cmp. ערקת לבנה Bekh. 57ᵇ, v. Neub. Géogr. p. 33; 299.] ↗ expanded
אַרְקוּלְיָאנֵיHerculiani, body of guards instituted by Diocletian, together with the Joviani, to supersede the prætorians (Gibb. I, 434; v. Sachs Beitr. I, 113 sq.). Esth. R. to I, 3 יכולני ובר ק׳ (corr. יוביאני ואר׳). ↗ expanded
*ארקילין , read אַסְקַוְלִין m. (ἀσκαύλης) performer on the bag-pipe. Targ. II, Esth. I, 3 א׳ אזיל וכ׳ a bag-piper walks at (over) the head of all (ref. to the wind passing over the flax stalks on the field; in a riddle on linen). ↗ expanded
ארקליס , read אֱרַקְלִיֹּוס pr. n. m. Heraclius, the surname of Maximianus, the associate emperor of Diocletian. Y. Ab. Zar. I, 39ᵈ top אנא דיקל׳ וכ׳ I, Diocletian the king, have instituted the annual fair of Tyre in honor of the genius of my brother Heraclius (Heracles). ↗ expanded
*אַרְקְתָא 3 (cmp. preced.) name of a parasite worm in the bowels, perh. fluke-worm. Sabb. 109ᵇ ed. (Ms. M. אַרְקָאתָא pl., Ms. O. אורקתא, Ar. עַר׳). Cmp. עַלְקָא. [Mus. = h. יֵרָקוֹןjaundice; cmp. אִרְקִין.] ↗ expanded
אָרַרto dig, stab; v. אֲרָרָן. to point out for execration, [or to set outside]; (cmp. חרם a. נקב, a. also ברך); to curse.—Part. pass. אָרוּר, f. אֲרוּרָה, pl. אֲרוּרִים &c. Shebu. 36ᵃ; a. fr.—*Y. Sot. II, 18ᵃ top מֵי יכול מראה מים ת"ל ארד (read אָרַר) you might infer from the word mé (Num. V, 18) that it must have the color of water, therefore the root arar is used in connection therewith (i.e. water in which the curse written with ink has been washed off and is recognizable in the mixture); אי ארד וכ׳ (read ארר) from arar again you might infer that the drink must have the color of ink, therefore we read mé, which means the color of water and the color of ink (a colored thin fluid); cmp. Bab. Sot. 16ᵇ (where the same argument is used with reference to blood).—Part. pass. f. אֲרוּרָה cacophem. for idol. Ab. Zar. 51ᵃ לא׳ זו מיבעיא Ms. M. (ed. לע"ז) so much the more for that cursed (idol). Pi. אֵרַר, אֵירַרto curse. Gen. R. s. 36, end מְאָרֵר. Cant. R. to IV, 11 שאֵרְרָהּ וכ׳ which Joshuah had cursed. Pesik. R. s. 26 שאֵירְרוּ; a. fr. Nif. a. Nithpa. נֶאֱרַר, נִתְאָרֵרto be cursed. Num. R. s. 14 לא נֶאֶרְרוּ וכ׳ they were not cursed before seventy verses were completed (Gen. I, 1 to III, 14; Esth. III, 1 to VII, 10). Y. Sot. IX, 24ᵇ bot.; Tosef. ib. XV, 2 נִתְאָרְרוּ. ↗ expanded
אֲרַר Targ. II Kings IX, 34 אֲרוּרְתָּא the cursed.—אֲרוּרַיָּיא, אֲרוּרֵי m. pl. Arurs, the Bible chapters containing the word arur (Lev. XXVI, 14—46; Deut. XXVIII, 15—69); [Hebr. תוכחות or קללות]. Y. Meg. III, 74ᵇ bot.—Meg. 31ᵇ קא מגמגם … בא׳ read the arurs in an undertone. Koh. R. to VIII, 3. ↗ expanded
אֲרָרָן (v. אָרַר) dagger. Snh. 30ᵇ; 41ᵃ אֲרָ׳ Ar. (ed. a. Ms. אֲרִי׳). [Oth. opin. club. Var. ארידן.] ↗ expanded
אָרְתּוּסְיָיה (Ὀρθωσίας I Macc. XV, 37) Orthosia, a Phœnician seaport, South of the river Eleutheros. Gen. R. s. 37 (translat. of has-sini Gen. X, 17; Targ. O. ib. אַנְתּוּסָאֵי, Y. I אַנְטוֹסָאֵי, II כַּפְרוּסָאֵי). ↗ expanded
ארתוקופיון , read אַרְטוֹקוֹפְיוֹן m. (ἀρτοκόπιον) bakery, v. ארטקפא. ↗ expanded
אַרְתִּיכָּא (רתך) chariot, vehicle. Targ. II Chr. X, 18; a. e.—Pl. אַרְתִּיכִּין, אַרְתְּכִין. Targ. Y. I Ex. XV, 4 (Y. II רתיכ׳). ↗ expanded
אֵשׁ c. (b. h.; fire. Sabb. 11ᵃ; a. e. כא׳ לנעורת as destructive as fire to the flax. Sot. 48ᵇ כא׳ בנעורת like fire among flax, i.e. inflaming the senses. Gen. R. s. 39 מבול של א׳ (v. מַבּוּל) destruction by fire.—Num. R. s. 2 end א׳ הדיוטית fire from outside of the sanctuary; a. fr.—Pl. אִשֹּׁות. Yoma 21ᵇ; a. fr. fever, א׳ של עצמות. Gitt. 70ᵃ ↗ expanded
אֶשָּׁאfire. Targ. Gen. XV, 17; a. fr.—B. Mets. 85ᵇ בעורין דאשא torches. Men. 53ᵃ אישא וכ׳ may fire consume him. fever. Targ. Y. Gen. XXI, 15.—Yoma 29ᵃ אישתא וכ׳ the fever in winter time. Sabb. 66ᵇ sq. א׳ תלתאtertian; א׳ צמירתא inflammatory fever, א׳ בת יומאquotidian. Yeb. 71ᵇ דזנתיה אי׳ fever fed its vital energies. Snh. 108ᵇ ↗ expanded
אֶשְׁבֹּורָן (שבר; cmp. מִקְוֶה) collection of water, pond; cavity for reception of water, opp. מַדְרוֹן slope. Pes. 42ᵃ מקום א׳ place where water poured out would remain stagnant. Ab. Zar. 72ᵃ; Ohol. III, 3, opp. קטפרס. Toh. VIII, 9; a. e. ↗ expanded
אַשְׁגָּרָה (שגר) current phraseology (v. שָׁגוּר part. pass. of שָׁגַר)—אַשְׁגָּרַת לשון (הַ׳) current phrase not meant exactly (arising from one’s being accustomed to use a certain word in association with others). Y. Meg. II, 73ᵇ bot.; Y. Ber. II, 4ᵈ ↗ expanded
אֲשַׁד (√שד, v. שדי; v. H. Dict. s. v. אֶשֶׁד) to pour out, to shed (blood), to deposit (ashes). Targ. Lev. XVII, 4; a. fr.—Sabb. 156ᵃ אָשֵׁיד דמא a shedder of blood.—Part. pass. אָשִׁידshed, spilt. Targ. Mic. I, 4; III, 10; a. e. ↗ expanded
אַשְׁדָּתָא (שדי = h. יָדוֹת) lateral supports, arms. Targ. I Kings X, 19. ↗ expanded
אִשָּׁה v. איש, , const. אֵשֶׁת, woman, wife. Pes. VIII, 1. Ab. Zar. 25ᵇ א׳ כלי זיינה עליה woman carries her weapon with her, is protected against murder by gentiles (who would rather assault her innocence). Ib. א׳ חשובה a woman of high rank (influential). Ib. אִשְתּוֹ משמרתו his wife’s presence guards him from wrong-doing; a. fr.—Pl. (נָשׁוֹת) נָשִׁים q. v. ↗ expanded
אַשְׁוָה (שוי, cmp. אַשְׁיְתָא a. אַשְׁוָתָא) skein, reel, clue, esp. staff around which the wool is put, spool. Kel. XXI, 1 the wool which is on the distaff ובא׳ Ar. (ed. בא׳ corr. acc.) or on the spool. Tosef. Kel. B. Bath. I, 6 צמר שעל גבי האַשְׁוָוה ed. Zuck. (Var. אשה, cler. err.). ↗ expanded
אֲשׁוּחֵי (Syr. ashuḥa P. Sm. 406, שוח) prop. the bending, a genus of weak (female) cedar, disting. fr. ארז male cedar. Sabb. 157ᵃ (Ms. M. שִׁיחֵי). [Opin. in Ar. cypresses.] ↗ expanded
אָשׁוּנָאdense vapor, steam; vapor-room in the bath (sudatio). Y. Ned. IV, 38ᵈ top he who bathes in the small caldarium (v. Sm. Ant. s. v. Baths) נסב א׳ takes away vapor (and does not benefit his fellow-bather by his presence). Y. Shebi. VIII, 38ᵃ top אעלליה לי לא׳ take it up for me to the vapor-room. Gen. R. s. 33. ↗ expanded
אֲשׁוּר , interj., with (שור) הייאgo on, make haste, quick! Gitt. 34ᵃ א׳ הבו לה הייא make haste, give her the letter of divorce; quick! Sabb. 119ᵃ א׳ הייא א׳ הייא. Ber. 57ᵇ א׳ צדיקי Ar. (ed. רהוטו) run, ye pious ones. ↗ expanded
אַשּׁוּר (b. h.) Ashur, Assyria, Assyrian nation. Gen. R. s. 37; a. fr.—Yoma 10ᵃ; Keth. 10ᵇ א׳ זה סילק (סליקא) Ashur means (the later) Seleucia (ad Tigrim). Snh. 106ᵃ (referring to the Parthian kingdom). [Yalk. Ezek. 376, v. אֵשֶׁל 3).] ↗ expanded
אַשּׁוּרִיAssyrian, esp. the modern form of Hebrew type (square), supposed to have been brought along by the returning Babylonian captives, and made to supersede the older Hebrew (Syriac or Samaritan, עברי) characters. Y. Meg. I, 71ᵇ א׳ יש לו כתב וכ׳ the Assyrian (trans-Euphratic, Chaldaic) language had a (developed) type of writing, but no tongue (cultivated grammar) &c. [See the whole discussion, ibid.] Cmp. Snh. 21ᵇ. Meg. 8ᵇ. Esth. R. to I, 22; a. e.—Meg. I, 8; Y. Sot. VII, beg. 21ᵇ אשורית the Hebrew language in its modern type. ↗ expanded
אָשׁוּת ed. f. (b. h. אֵשֶׁת Ps. LVIII, 9; אוש or אשש, v. אשש [groping, cmp. גוש, גשש,] mole. Gen. R. s. 51 (alluding to esheth Ps. l. c.) כא׳ זו וכ׳ like that mole which sees not the light. Kel. XXI, 3 מצודת הא׳ the bow for shooting moles (v. Maim. a. l.). M. Kat. I, 4; cmp. ib. 6ᵇ.—Y. ib. 80ᶜ, explained חולדה. ↗ expanded
אָשׁוּתָא Targ. O. Lev. XI, 30. Targ. Ps. LVIII, 9. ↗ expanded
אַשְוָתָא , const. אַשְׁוַת f. pl. (שוי) meshes, trnsf. tricks. Targ. Is. XXV, 11 (h. text אָרְבּוֹת). v. אַשְׁיְתָא↗ expanded
אַשְׁחוּר (b. h.) Ashḥur. Sot. 12ᵃ (I Chr. IV, 5). ↗ expanded
אַשֵּׁיAshshé, R. A. bar Sinai, president of the academy of Sura (beginning of the fifth century), generally accepted as the redactor of the Gemara (v. גְּמָרָא). Gitt. 59ᵃ. B. Mets. 86ᵃ; a. fr. Other Amoraim by that name. Sabb. 75ᵇ; a. fr. [Y. Ber. I, 3ᵃ top אשיא.] ↗ expanded
אַשְׁיָאןAshyan, name of several Amoraim. Y. Ter. I, 41ᵃ. Ber. 14ᵃ.—Y. Ab. Zar. III, beg., 42ᵇ A. Nagra (the carpenter).—Y. Yeb. XI, 12ᵃ bot. Y. Meg. I, 71ᶜ bot.—V. יַאֽסְיָן. ↗ expanded
אֲשִׁימָא (b. h.) pr. n. m. Ashima, idol of the Ḥamatheans. Y. Ab. Zar. III, 42ᵈ top (ref. to II Kings XVII, 30) אימרא וכ׳ A. is represented as a lamb, as you read el hāāsham (Lev. V, 16); Snh. 63ᵇ called ‘bald buck’ (goat). ↗ expanded
אֲשֵׁירָה (b. h.) Asherah, tree (grove) devoted to idolatry (v. Mov. Phœn. p. 567; Sm. Bibl. Dict. s. v.). Ab. Zar. III, 5; 7. Succ. 31ᵇ א׳ דמשה an Asherah to which the Mosaic law refers (remnant of anti-Mosaic idolatry). Pes. 27ᵃ; a. fr. Pl. אֲשֵׁירוֹת, אֲשֵׁרוֹת. Ab. Zar. III, 7; a. fr.—אֲשֵׁרִים. Pirké d’R. El. ch. XXVI. ↗ expanded
אֲשֵׁירתָּא Targ. O. Deut. XVI, 21; a. fr.—Pl. אֲשֵׁירָתָא, אֲשֵׁירִין, אֲשֵׁירַיָּא, אֲשֵׁר׳. Targ. II Kings XXIII, 14; XVII, 10. Targ. Is. XVII, 8; a. e. ↗ expanded
אֲשִׁישָׁא (cmp. next w.) jug. Sabb. 141ᵃ לא … דא׳ ליהדק Ms. M. a. Ar. (ed. שִׁישָׁא) you must not squeeze a cotton stopper into the mouth of a jug (on the Sabbath). B. Bath. 144ᵃ א׳ דמשחא ed. (Ms. M. אֲשָׁשָׁא, Ms. H. שישא) a jug of oil. [Pes. 36ᵇ אֲשִׁישָׁה (q. v.), according to Samuel, identic with our w. = גרבא דחמרא.] ↗ expanded
אֲשִׁישָׁהanything made compact and substantial by pressing, whence cake, pan-cake (in Bible pressed raisin-cake). Pes. 36ᵇ excluding from ‘bread of misery’, חלוט וא׳ pudding and pan-cake. [Talmudic etymology, ibid., ‘one sixth of an epha of flour made into a cake’.] Y. ib. II, 29ᵇ bot.—Bab. ib. l. c. Samuel says א׳ גרבא וכ׳ăshishah (II Sam. VI, 19) means a jug of wine (v. preced.).—Pl. אֲשִׁישׁוֹת (b. h.). Ḥull. 124ᵇ אני היום סמכוני בא׳ to me to-day the Bibl. words apply, ‘Support me with cakes’ (Cant. II, 5); Bets. 21ᵃ pl. אֲשִׁישִׁים, אֲשִׁישִׁיןcakes made of boiled lentils impregnated with honey. Ned. VI, 10; cmp. Y. ib. 40ᵃ bot. ↗ expanded
אַשְׁיְתָא (= h. אָשְׁיָה Jer. L, 15, K’thib אשויה; שוי, cmp. שית) [meshes, layers, v. אַשְׁוָתָא a. אוּרְבָּא,] frame-wall. B. Bath. 7ᵃ. Ib. 59ᵃ תיתרע אשיתאי my framework will be shaken (by the hammering). Ber. 56ᵃ א׳ דנפל (read דנפלא; Ms. M. דשא ברייתא) that my wall fell in.—Pl. אַשְׁיָיתָא, אוּשְׁיָתָא, אוּשָׁיָיתָא, also אַשְׁוָתָא, אוּשְׁוָותָא. Targ. Ps. XI, 3 (h. text שתות); a. fr.—Ber. 28ᵃ אשיָתָא וכ׳ the walls of his house. B. Kam. 20ᵇ.—[Not to be confounded with אוּשָּׁאfoundation.] V. אַשְׁוָתָא, אַשְׁוָה. ↗ expanded
אֲשִׁיתָּא = אִישְׁתָּאsix.—Pl. אֲשִׁיתִּיןsixty. Y. Taan. IV, 68ᵈ bot. אֲשִׁיתֵּיסַר, אֲשִיתֵּסר sixteen. Y. Sot. V, 20ᵇ bot. אשית תיסר corr. acc. ↗ expanded
אֶשֶׁךְtesticle. Pl. אֲשָׁכִים. Bekh. VII, 5 (44ᵇ). Tosef. ib. V, 4.—Denom. מְאוּשְׁכָּןone having large testicles. Bekh. l. c. (Ib. ed. מאושבן, v. שעבז). ↗ expanded
אֶשְׁכּוֹלbunch, cluster (of grapes). Y. Naz. II, beg. 51ᵈ תורה קראת לא׳ וכ׳ the Bible calls the (berry in the) cluster must (tirosh, ref. to Is. LXV, 8) while people (at present) call the dried berry must (i.e. in common parlance abstinence from ‘berry’ means from grape-juice, must &c.).—אשכול של בצים the ovary (of birds). Tosef. Zab. V, 9; Bets. 7ᵃ.—Midd. III, 8 א׳ של זהב a gold imitation of a cluster of grapes.—2) Trnsf. a distinguished scholar (opp. עַלִּיןleaves = the ignorant); v. infra. Cant. R. to I, 14, a. e. (play on the word) אׄישׁ שהכׄלׄ בו a man in whom all is contained, i.e. universality of knowledge.—Pl. אֶשְׁכּוֹלוֹת, אֶשְׁכֹּלוֹת. Ḥull. 92ᵃ א׳ שבה וכ׳ the grapes thereon (on the nation), that means the scholars; cmp. Lev. R. s. 36.—Esp. the scholars of the early Maccabean period. Sot. IX, 9 (47ᵃ); Tem. 15ᵇ. Y. Sot. IX, 24ᵃ top, v. זוּגוֹת; Tosef. B. Kam. VIII, 13 אישכלות. Ch. אֶתְכָּלָא. ↗ expanded
אַשְׁכָּף ed., m. (v. אושכפא) [the saddler,] a genus of edible locusts. Ḥull. 65ᵇ להביא הא׳ to imply the ashkaf (among the סלעם). ↗ expanded
אשכפא , Keth. 77ᵇ גירדי דא׳ Ar. ed., read אַשְׁפָּא as in Ar. ed. Koh. s. v. גרד, v. note ibid. ↗ expanded
אֶשְׁכְּרָא (prob. a denom. of כַּר) a wagon, wagon-load; [b. h. gift, tribute; cmp. Is. XVI, 1]. . Targ. Is. V, 10 (h. text צמד). Targ. II Esth. I, 3 א׳ ומרגליין (read דמ׳) loads (gifts) of &c. (after Ps. LXXII, 10). ↗ expanded
אֶשְׁכְּרוֹעַ (v. P. Sm. 408) box-tree or ebony tree [prob. a denom. of אשך = חשך, cmp. גּוּשְׁקְרָא]. Neg. II, 1 כא׳ לא שחורים וכ׳ like the eshk’roa, neither black nor white but of an intermediate color. B. Bath. 89ᵇ אשב׳ ed. (corr. acc., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 30). Yoma III, 9 (8) גורלות של א׳ ballot tablets of box-wood (cmp. Sm. Ant. s. v. Buxum); expl. Y. ib. 41ᵃ top פסקינין = פוקס׳ (πύξινον). ↗ expanded
אֶשְׁכְּרוֹעָא . Targ. Is. XLI, 19 (h. text תאשור); LX, 13. Targ. Ezek. XXVII, 6 (h. text בת־אשורים!). ↗ expanded
אֵשֶׁל אשל to be firmly rooted, , v. אשש; v. Ges. H. Dict. s. v.) tamarisk, symbol of strength and eminence.—Pl. אֲשָׁלִים, const. אֶשְׁלֵי. Y. B. Mets. I, end, 8ᵃ א׳ דיינין וכ׳ the eminent (old) among the Babylonian scholars are but like the pidgeons (the young) among the Palestinean; cmp. Y. Ned. VI, 40ᵃ bot. plantation, pleasure-garden, tent. Sot. 10ᵃ; Gen. R. s. 54 end (ref. to Gen. XXI, 33, v. Targ. a. l.).— pr. n. Eshel, a river in Assyria. Snh. 92ᵇ. Yalk. Ezek. 376 אשור). ↗ expanded
אֶשְׁלָא as preced. 1). Targ. I Sam. XXII, 6.—Pl. אַשְׁלֵי.—א׳ רברבי great men (v. preced.). Ab. Zar. 7ᵇ תליא בא׳ ר׳ it hangs on high tamarisks, i.e. originates from great men. Bets. 27ᵃ; B. Bath. 31ᵇ ↗ expanded
אַשְׁלָא (שלי to draw up) rope, tow; net. Targ. Job XVIII, 10; a. e. Gitt. 69ᵃ א׳ דפוריא עתיקא a rope of an old litter. Keth. 85ᵃ ממתח לה בא׳ he pulled it with a rope. B. Kam. 116ᵇ חד א׳ one rope’s length away from the shore.—Pl. אַשְׁלֵי, אַשְׁלַיָּא, אֲשַׁלְוָון. Targ. Job XXXVIII, 31. Targ. Y. Gen. X, 26; a. e. [Targ. I Chr. I, 20 אוּשְׁלַיָּא.]—B. Kam. l. c.—Succ. 16ᵃ משדא א׳ to twist ropes for a couch. B. Mets. 107ᵇ; v. מְתַח.—Bekh. 8ᵇ אייתו א׳ וכ׳ bring ye ropes and measure. Keth. 67ᵃ, v. קמחוניא. ↗ expanded
אַשְׁלֵג (שלג) a kind of alkali, or mineral used as a soap. Nidd. IX, 6; Sabb. IX, 5; Snh. 49ᵇ קמוניא וא׳ Ms. M. a. oth. (ed. אשלך). ↗ expanded
אַשְׁלְגָא Nidd. 62ᵃ (explaining the ashleg of the Mishnah) א׳ שמיה וכ׳ (Ar. שלגא) its name is ashl’ga, and it is found in the holes in which pearls sit, and is scraped out with an iron nail; Sabb. 90ᵃ שלגא Ar. (Ms. M. שולגא, ed. שונאנא). V. אֹצְרוֹת רוּחַ. ↗ expanded
אַשְׁלָמוּ (אַשְׁלְמָנוּתָא, pl. אַשְׁלַמְוָותָא) f. (שלם = h. מִלֻּאִים) (finishing) fitting, setting. Targ. Ex. XXV, 7; XXVIII, 17; a. e. initiation. Targ. Y. Lev. VIII, 28. Ib. 33; 34; a. e. Cmp. חִינּוּךְ. ↗ expanded
אָשַׁםto be waste (cmp. Ezek. VI, 6; Hos. XIV, . Snh. 97ᵃ יֶאֱשַׁם (in parall. passages יִשּׁוֹם); v. גַּבְלָן. to neglect, be guilty.—Denom.: ↗ expanded
אָשָׁם (b. h.) guilt; guilt-offering, asham, a special kind of offering.—א׳ תלוי (Lev. V, 18) an asham to be offered when you are in doubt as to the commission of a sinful act. Kerith. III, 1; a. fr.; (ib. 17ᵇ differ. opin. as to the nature of the doubt). Ib. VI, 3 אֲשַׁם חסידים the asham offered by the over-scrupulous because they may have transgressed.—א׳ ודאי the asham for the undoubted commission of certain offenses, which are: a) אֲ׳ גזילות for illegal appropriation of private property (after pecuniary reparation; Lev. V, 25); b) אֲ׳ מעילות for misappropriation of sacred property (Lev. V, 16); c) אֲ׳ שפחה חרופה for carnal connection with a slave betrothed to another man (Lev. XIX, 21) ;—d) אֲ׳ נזיר offering of a nazarite when interrupting the days of vowed nazaritism by levitical impurity (Num. VI, 12).—Deut. R. s. 1, beg. (alluding to וַאֲשִׂמֵם Deut. I, 13) וְאַשְׁמָם כתיב it is so written that you may read v’ashmam (and their guilt); if you listen not to them אשמה תלוי וכ׳ (read אשמם) their guilt shall fall upon your heads (you will be answerable for what offenses they may commit); differ. in Sifré Deut. 13. [Our Bible editions, however, read ואשימם, plene.]—Pl. אֲשָׁמוֹת. Kerith. VI, 4. Sifré l. c.; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אַשְׁמָא (= h. אַשְׁמָה) guilt. Targ. Y. Lev. XXII, 16 אַשְׁמַתְהוֹן. ↗ expanded
אֲשָׁמָא (= h. אָשָׁם) guilt, guilt-offering. Targ. O. Lev. V, 15; a. fr.—Pl. אֲשָׁמִין. Targ. II Chron. XXVIII, 10. ↗ expanded
אַשְׁמַאי (v. אָשַׁםwaste (in mind); ignorant, neglected; cmp. בּוֹר. Kidd. 32ᵇ זקן א׳ an uncultured, rough old man. Sifra to Par. III, ch. VII אשמיי (as noun). Cmp. אַשְׁמָה. ↗ expanded
אַשְׁמְדַאי (Pers. Aêshma, Aêsh-madaô, Kohut Jüd. Angel. p. 72; Rapap. Er. Mill. s. v.) Ashm’day, chief of demons. Targ. Koh. I, 12.—Pes. 110ᵃ. Gitt. 68ᵃ. Num. R. s. 11; a. e. ↗ expanded
אַשְׁמָהnegligence, guilt. Shek. VI, 6.—Gen. R. s. 49 זקני א׳ וכ׳ elders in coarseness (cmp. אַשְׁמַאי) which is (in Chaldaic) elders of shame.—Pl. אֲשָׁמוֹת, v. אָשָׁם. ↗ expanded
אַשְׁמוֹרָהnight-watch, watch, a certain portion (three or four hours) of the day, called a watch (v. Sm. Ant. s. v. Castra). Ber. I, 1 סוף הא׳ וכ׳ the end of the first watch of the night; a. fr.—Pl. אַשְׁמוֹרוֹת. Y. Ber. I, 2ᵈ top ארבע(ה) א׳ וכ׳ the day is divided into four watches, and so is the night; cmp. Bab. Ber. 3ᵃ ↗ expanded
אַשְׁמָיָאAshmaya, in the district of Tyre. Y. Dem. II, 22ᵈ top (corrupt.; for ראש מיא read: דא׳); Tosef. Shebi. IV, 9 דשמיא ed. Zuck. (Var. דא׳). ↗ expanded
אֲשַׁן (√אש, v. אשש; cmp. אֵיתָן, אִית, יֵש, אִישׁ) to be substantial, dense, strong, hard.—Part. (as adj.) אָשִׁין, אֲשִׁינָא Ar. (ed., Ms. M. אָשׁוּן, אֲשׁוּנָא). Ḥull. 136ᵇ, opp. רכיך. Ib. 76ᵃ. Sabb. 155ᵃ חרובין דאשיני וכ׳ Ar. (Ms. M. אשונא, ed. אקושי) carob fruits which are hard … aftermath which is hard (dry). Cmp. יָשָׁן. ↗ expanded
אָשְׁנָאAshna, supposed to be near Tyre. Esth. R. to I, 4 (Var. אָשְׁנָה). ↗ expanded
אַשָּׁף to Levy Talm. Dict. I, 283ᵇ) enchanter, (astrologer).—Pl. אַשָּׁפִים. Tanḥ. Mikketz 2 (ref. to Dan. II, 2) לא׳ אלו שדוחק׳ במזל the Ashshafim, these are those who press (lay stress) upon the planetary constellation, שכן א׳ לשון דחק for the root ashaf means to press (ref. to שאף, Amos VIII, 4). ↗ expanded
אַשָּׁף ² Dan. II, 10.—Pl. אָשְׁפִין, אָשְׁפַיָּא. Ib. II, 27; V, 11; IV, 4. ↗ expanded
אַשְׁפָּה , to heap up, cmp. Is. XIII, 2, Ps. XXII, 16) pile, dunghill. Y. Keth. I, 25ᵈ bot. אי׳. Ḥull. 12ᵃ; a. fr.—שער הא׳ (b. h. ש׳ האשפת, ש׳ השפת) Hill Gate, name of a Jerusalem gate. Sabb. 15ᵃ; a. fr.—Pl. אַשְׁפּוֹת. Ex. R. s. 10 ארבע א׳ four heaps (of dead frogs, = b. h. חמרים); a. fr.—Euphem. מערה לא׳using means to prevent conception (applied to both man a. woman). Keth. VII, 5. (Ib. 72ᵃ, acc. to Boraitha, literally, ‘to draw water and pour it out on the dunghill’—as a foolish act). Gen. R. s. 85, ref. to Gen. XXXVIII, 7.—[Homiletic interpretation of בני אשפתו, Lam. III, 13, ‘the sons of those laid low’ (conquered); Lam. R. a. l., Esth. R. to I, 1ᵇ, v. אוֹפִיכָא, אוּכַּיְיפָא.] ↗ expanded
אֶשְׁפָּרa goodly piece (cmp. דָּשְׁנָא), a certain quantity of meat, eshpar. Pes. 36ᵇ א׳ אחד וכ׳ an eshpar is one sixth of a bullock (as if composed of שש and פר; cmp. אֶסְפָּר). ↗ expanded
אַשְׁפֹּת , v. אַשְׁפָּה) heap, pile, dunghill. Pl. אַשְׁפַּתּוֹת, אִישְׁ׳. Shebi. III, 2.—Sot. 42ᵇ אי׳ אי׳ של וכ׳ piles of slain. ↗ expanded
אַשְׁקוּקָהashkukah, a fictitious word as a disguise of שְׁבוּעָה, oath, I swear (cmp. אֲלִיקִי, אֱיפוֹפֵי). Ned. 10ᵇ א׳ לא אמר כלום if one says ashkukah, he has said nothing (his vow is not binding); v. שְׁקוּקָה. ↗ expanded
אַשְׁקְלוֹן (b. h.) Ashkelon, a Philistian town. Y. Shebi. VI, 36ᶜ; Sifré Deut. 51, v. גִּינְּתָא; a. e.—Deriv. אַשְׁקְלוֹנִי m. Ashkelonian. Y. Peah I, 15ᶜ top.—Pl. אַשְׁקְלוֹנִים, נִין … Kel. XIII, 7 Ashk. levers; a. e. ↗ expanded
אַשְׁקַלְתָּא (שקל) transaction, sale. B. Bath. 48ᵇ signed as one of the witnesses אמודעא ואא׳ both on the owner’s protest against the forced sale and on the deed of sale. ↗ expanded
אִשְׁקָק (v. שְׁקָקָא) open place, street. Targ. II Esth. VI, 9; a. e.—Y. Taan. III, 66ᶜ bot.—Pl. אִשְׁקָקֵי &c. Targ. Esth. IX, 14 א׳ מלכא the royal markets. Targ. Y. I Deut. XXIX, 16; a. e. ↗ expanded
אֲשֶׁר ; v. Ges. H. Dict. s. v., as to opinions on etymol.) [being,] who, which. Ber. 11ᵇ א׳ בחר וכ׳ who hast chosen us; a. v. fr. (in prayer formulas).—In Talm. mostly prefix-שֶׁ. ↗ expanded
אָשַׁר , v. אשש) to exist, be strong, happy; v. יָשַׁר. Pi. אִישֵּׁר, אִשֵּׁר (b. h.) to exalt, praise, declare happy. Pesik. R. s. 45 התחיל מְאַשְּׁרֵם he commenced by declaring them happy; v. אַשְׁרֵי. to substantiate; to verify, attest to. Num. R. s. 14 לאַשֵּׁר את הדין to give strength to the legal decision Y. Gitt. IX, 50ᶜ bot. (אישרניהי) אִישַּׁרְנוּהוּ we have verified it in the presence of &c.—Part. pass. מְאוּשָּׁר 1) firm, strong. Gen. R. s. 15, beg. the bux-tree is called תְּאַשּׁוּר because it is מא׳ וכ׳ the strongest of all (cmp. אֵשֶׁל). Y. Succ. III, 54ᵃ top; Y. Meg. I, 72ᵃ top המא׳ שבכלן וכ׳ the strongest (expression) of all, is Hallelujah.—2) substantial, good, rich. Gen. R. s. 90, end (ref. to את כל אֲשֶׁר Gen. XLI, 56) המְאוּשָּׁרִין שבהם the best stores of all. Gen. R. s. 28.—Snh. 22ᵃ is called Ashurith שמְאוּשֶּׁרֶת בכתב because its characters are substantial (Ar. שמאושר); Y. Meg. I, 71ᵇ bot.; Y. Sot. VII, 21ᶜ top. Hithpa. הִתְאַשֵּׁרto be set up, be erected. Sifra K’dosh. beg. (play on אֲשֵׁרִים) על שם שהם מִתְאַשְּׁרִים מאחרים because they are put up by others. ↗ expanded
אֲשַׁר [Ithpe. אִיתְּשַׁר to be strengthened. Targ. Y. Deut. X, 2 יַיתְשַׁר, prob. to be read יִתְיַשַּׁר, v. ישר.] Pa. אַשַּׁרto make strong. Keth. 10ᵇ; Gitt. 70ᵃ (dates) מְאַשְּׁרָן give strength. to confirm, verify; also to credit, (consider true). Keth. 21ᵃ אַשַּׁרְנוּהִי וכ׳ we verified it &c., v. preced.—Gitt. 30ᵇ (prov.) חברך מית א׳ וכ׳ if you are told, ‘your friend is dead’, believe it; ‘your friend has grown rich’ לא תְאַשַּׁר don’t trust. ↗ expanded
אֶשֶׁר (b. h.), only in plur. constr. אַשְׁרֵי the happiness of!, happy is he, are they &c. Pes. 117ᵃ; a. fr.—Midr. Till. to Ps. LXXXIV אַשְׁרַאי happy am I.—Yoma VIII, 9 אַשְׁרֵיכֶם happy are ye. Ib. 87ᵃ אַשְׁרֵיהֶם לצדיקים happy are the righteous; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אַשְּׁרָאֵי (v. אֲשַׁר Pa.) sale on trust, debts for goods sold. Pes. 113ᵃ כל א׳ וכ׳ in all sales on trust it is doubtful, whether it (the money) will be forthcoming or not, and if it is, it is bad money, (partial payment, bad coins &c).—B. Mets. 63ᵇ אית ליה א׳ וכ׳ he has debts to collect. B. Bath. 22ᵃ אית לן א׳ וכ׳ we have outstanding debts to collect (and we must stay until we have collected them). ↗ expanded
אֲשַׁרְתָּא (אֲשַׁר) strength! health!, a greeting extended to laboring men; cmp. אַיְשַׁר. Gitt. 62ᵃ ↗ expanded
אַשַּׁרְתָּא (אשר) legal attestation. Keth. 21ᵇ, a. e. א׳ דדייני the attestation by judges (h. אַשָּׁרַת הדיינין, v. אַשָּׁרָה). B. Bath. 163ᵃ בין עדים לא׳ (Ar. a. Ms. אשרא) the space between the signature of the witnesses and the legal attestation. (cmp. אַשְּׁרָאֵי) outstanding debts for goods sold. Gitt. 14ᵃ R. S. had א׳ דסרבלי וכ׳ money outstanding in Maḥuza for garments sold. ↗ expanded
אָשַׁשׁ r.) (√אש) to glitter, be polished; v. אֵשׁ a. next ws. (sec. r. of אוּשׁ) to be thick, substantial; to be pressed, dark, v. אשן, אשונא, אשות, אשל, אשר &c. Pi. אִישֵּׁשׁto make firm, found. Part. pass. מְאוּשָּׁשׁ. Pesik. Baḥod. p. 101ᵇ; Cant. R. to II, 5 (play on ăshishoth, Cant. l. c.) הלכות המְאוּשָּׁשׁוֹת well-founded decisions. V. אוּשׁ אוּשָּׁא. ↗ expanded
אֶשֶׁשׁ (preced. 1) a crystal or ball reflecting the light, reflector (v. next w.). Y. R. Hash. II, 58ᵃ bot. if the reflection of the moon has been seen בא׳ ובמים in a reflecting glass or in water. ↗ expanded
אֲשָׁשִׁיתָא v. עֲשָׁשִׁיתָא. Num. R. s. 12 שאשיתא דקנדילא (read אש׳). Yalk. Ex. 186 אשתא; (Tanḥ. Vaëra 14; Ex. R. s. 12 עשש׳). ↗ expanded
אִשְׁתְּמוֹדַע 1 (v. next w.) to satisfy one’s self from the evidence of friends, to have one identified. Yeb. 39ᵇ אשתמודעיניה דאחוה וכ׳ Ar. (ed. אישתמודעינהו) we satisfied ourselves about him that he is the brother &c. to recognise. Targ. Gen. XLII, 7; 8; a. fr. to be recognized, known. Targ. Y. Ex. XXI, 36; a. fr. to introduce one’s self, to befriend. Targ. Ruth. II, 19; a. e. ↗ expanded
אִשְׁתְּמוֹדַע 2 (Ishtaf. of the form מוֹדַע) one who proved himself a friend, acquaintance. Targ. Ruth II, 1; III, 2. ↗ expanded
אִשְׁתְּמוֹדָעוּתָא (v. preced.) partiality, preferment. Targ. Is. III, 9 (h. text הכרת פנים). that by which one is recognized, distinctive feature. Targ. Y. Gen. XLIX, 5 (h. text מְכֵרוֹת׳ = מַכָּרוֹת׳). ↗ expanded
אִשְׁתְּמָמוּ (שמם) desolation. Targ. Zeph. II, 13; a. e. ↗ expanded
אֶשְׁתְּסַר (contr. of אשתא עסר, cmp. ארביסר) sixteen. Targ. I Chr. IV, 27; a. e. ↗ expanded
אִשְׁתָּעוּתָא (שעי) narration, tale, speech. Targ. Y. Gen. IX, 24. Targ. Y. Lev. XVI, 6; a. e. ↗ expanded
אִשְׁתַּעֲמָמוּ (שעמם) devastation. Targ. II Chron. XXIX, 8. ↗ expanded
אֶשְׁתָּקַד (contr. of (contr. of שַׁתָּא קַדְמָאָה) last year; cmp. אֶשְׁתָּדָא. Y. Gitt. III, end, 45ᵇ ישן משל א׳ ‘old produces’ means last year’s crop. Bets. 5ᵇ; a. fr. (contr. of שַׁעְתָּא קַדְ׳) previously, ere this. Targ. Y. Lev. XVI, 21. ↗ expanded
א"תAthbash, a method of interchanging the first letter of the Alphabet (א) with the last (ת), the second (ב) with the last but one (ש), the third from the beginning (ג) with the third from the end (ר), &c. Num. R. s. 13.—Num. R. s. 18 ששך באת"בש בבל Sheshach (Jer. XXV, 26) represents Babel by the rule of athbash↗ expanded
אִתְ־ formative prefix of the Ithpa., Ithpe. and Ithpo., and corresponding nouns; in Talmud mostly אִיתְ־; cmp. אִסְ־ a. אִיסְ־. [For words not to be found here v. sub. אִיתְ־, a. vice versa.] ↗ expanded
אַתְּ c. (b. h. אַתְּ f.; contr. of אנת) thou. Targ. Gen. III, 11; a. fr.—Y. Snh. I, 19ᵃ top ואת מר הכן and thou sayest so?—[In Talmudic argumentation (אתה) את אומר; Chald. את אמר, את מרthou sayest, את צווח ליהthou callest it, frequently applied to Scripture texts as though addressing an opponent.] Lev. R. s. 10, end ואת אומר אל פתח וכ׳ and yet the Scripture says, ‘To the entrance of the Tabernacle’! i.e. how is this possible?—Y. Pes. V, 32ᶜ את מר והיה לאבק Scripture says ‘And it shall turn into dust’.—Y. Kil. VIII, 31ᵇ top הן דאת אמר לא אמרה למה את אמר, [add the respective bibl. verses after each אמר a. read אמרת for אמרה] there where it reads, ‘thou shalt not’ &c. (Lev. XIX, 19), the text gives no reason why; therefore it is repeated (Deut. XXII, 9 adding the reason); a. fr.—[דאת אמר contr. דַּתְּ מַר q. v.]—Pl. (תּוּן) אַתּוּן, (אַתּוּ) m. אַתֵּין f. ye. Targ. Ps. CXIV, 6 דאתון Ms. (omitted in ed., and third person). Targ. Is. III, 14. Targ. Ezek. XIII, 20; a. fr.—Y. Snh. VI, 23ᵈ top ומה תון בעון (read בעתון) and what is it ye want? Y. Keth. XII, 35ᵃ אתון אמרתון ye said so; a. fr.—Snh. 109ᵃ דאַתּוּ גנבי (v. Rashi a. l., Ms. דגנבי אית בכו, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) that ye are thieves. V. אַתָּה, אַנְתְּ. ↗ expanded
אָת c. (= b. h. אוֹת; fr. תאה, or תאו, sec. r. of אה or או; as to reject. of radical ו or ה, cmp. אב, אח &c.) sign, type; letter (v. אוֹת II). Targ. Ex. XIII, 16; a. fr.—Targ. Is. VII, 11; a. fr.—Pl. אָתִין, אָתַיָּא. Targ. Gen. I, 14. Targ. Ps. LXXIV, 4; a. e.—אַתְוָון, אַתְיָין, אַתְוָותָא, אַתְוָאן, (אָתָן) אַתְיָיתָא. Targ. Ps. l. c. Targ. O. Num. II, 2 ed. Berl. אַתְיַן, Var. אָתְיָן, אַתְוָון; Y. אתוון (v. Berl. Targ. O. II, p. 39); a. fr.—Koh. R. to I, 13 ה׳ אתואן five letters of acrostics.—אַתְוָיֵי (אַתְוֵוי, אִיתְוֵי). Num. R. s. 13, end א׳ דידין וכ׳ the letters composing the one word (קערת) are the same as those composing the other (קרעת). ↗ expanded
אֵת [essence], a particle of the objective case, but also used as a noun, the thing (which) (cmp. Koh. IV, 3, v. אוֹת III). Ohol. II, 4 את ש … עליו that upon which … Zeb. 72ᵇ; Bets. 3ᵇ את שדרכו למנות שנינו we read (Orl. III, 7) that which it is customary to count singly, opp. כל שדרכו וכ׳ whatever is sometimes counted singly; a. fr.—Ber. I, 1 קורין את שמע we read the Sh’ma’, a. v. fr.—[The fact that את as a particle of the objective case may be dispensed with, and that את (fr. אתתto join) may have the meaning of with, gave rise to a method of Biblical interpretation by which, wherever את occurs in the Bible, esp. in laws, an amplification by implication is looked for.] Pes. 22ᵇ את לרבות וכ׳ the word eth (Deut. X, 20 [with] the Lord thy God thou shalt fear [some one else] intimates that we must pay reverence to the scholars next to God. Ib. ואידך את לא דריש and as to the other authority (that differs)? He does not interpret eth (as having a particular meaning); a. fr.—Pl. אֵתִים, אֵתִין the word eth occurring in Scripture, as a substratum for interpretation. Ib. היה דורש כל א׳ וכ׳ used to interpret every eth in the Law; a. fr. Num. R. s. 10 זו אחת מג׳ א׳ וכ׳ this is one of the three eths &c. ↗ expanded
אֲתָא (b. h. אתה, אתא; sec. r. of אוֹת I q. v.) [to join,] to come, to arrive; to occur to. Targ. Gen. XIX, 9; a. fr.—Y. Peah III, 17ᵈ bot. אתאי עובדא וכ׳ the case came before … Gen. R. s. 68 (ref. to Gen. XXVIII, 11) א׳ שמשא the Sun (Jacob) has arrived. Snh. 98ᵇ יֵיתֵי ולא איחמיניה he (the Messiah) will come, but I do not desire to live to see him (to pass through the trials preceding his arrival).—תֵּיתֵי לי ד־ may it come home to me that I did—, i.e. I believe to have merited divine reward. Meg. 28ᵃ; a. fr.—ייתי עלי דלא may it come home to me that I did not—; a formula of assurance, surely, indeed. Y. Ber. II, 5ᶜ bot.; a. fr.; (v. יבוא עלי, s. v. בּוֹא).—Y. Shebi. VI, 36ᶜ top ייתי ד־ (sub. עלי).—Imperat. תָּא (Y. אִיתָא). Gitt. 57ᵃ, a. fr. תא חזי; Y. Dem. VI, 25ᵇ top איתא חמי; in Bab. usu. תא שמע (abbr. ת"ש) come and see, come and hear, i.e. I will prove it.—אַתְיָא כ־ it comes like, i.e. it is in accordance with the opinion of.—Y. Naz. VI, 54ᵈ bot.; a. v. fr.—וַתְּיָיא = ואתיא. Ibid.ᶜ bot. ותייא כהדא דתני חזקיה (ed. Krot. incorr. ותניא) תִּי.—Y. Keth. IV, 28ᵈ top ותאיין וכ׳ (read ואתיין) and those differences of opinion correspond to …—אתיא פקידה פקידה the expression pakad occurs in two Biblical passages, אתיא זכירה זכירה and the expression zakhar occurs in two passages, i.e. draw an analogy between the respective Bible laws in which the same expressions are used, so as to cast a light upon each other. R. Hash. 11ᵃ; a. fr. [אתא נסיא Y. Meg. II, 73ᵇ, a. e., read אֲתָאנַסְיָא q. v.] [Targ. Y. II, Deut. XXXIII, 16 יַתְיַן, 3rd pers. fem. fut.] Af. אַיְתִי, אֵיתִי, , אַיְיתִיto bring, carry, cause to come. Targ. Gen. IV, 3; a. fr.—מנא תיתי (מהיכא, מנן) whence wilt thou bring (evidence), how will you prove it? Y. B. Mets. III, beg. 9ᵃ; a. v. fr.—מַיְיתָה, מַיְיתִי, מֵיתֵיbringing, to bring. Y. Peah I, 15ᶜ top בעי מ׳ וכ׳ he desired to bring it to them. Ib. לא יכילת מייתותי׳ I cannot bring it.—לַיְיתֵי, לֵיְתֵי let him bring. Sabb. 109ᵇ; a. fr.—לאַיְתוּיֵי, לַאֲתוּיֵי (cmp. אֵת) to bring in, to include, opp. לאפוקי; v. אַפֵּק. לא׳ מאי what is to be implied (in addition to what is explicitly stated)? Tem. 2ᵃ הכל לאי׳ מאי what does hakkol (all) come to imply? a. fr.—Haf.הַיְיתִי same. Dan. V, 13; a. e. Ittaf. אִתֵּיתִי (אִתּוֹתִי, אִתַּתִי) to be brought, offered. Targ. Gen. XXXIII, 11. Targ. Lev. XIII, 2; a. e. ↗ expanded
*אָתָא 3 the constellation called the Great Bear, Ursa Major. Ber. 58ᵇ Ms. M. (ed. יוֹתָא, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l., a. Ges. H. Dict. s. v. עָשׁ). ↗ expanded
אֲתָאנַסְיָא (ἀθανασία) immortality. Cant. R. to I, 3 (referr. to על־מות, Ps. XLVIII, 15) תרגם עק׳ א׳ וכ׳ Aquila translates it athanasia(אל־מות), a world in which there is no death; Y. Meg. II, 73ᵇ אתא נסיא (combine into one w.); Y. M. Kat. III, 83ᵇ bot. Ar. (ed. אתנא סירא corr. acc.); Lev. R. s. 11, end (ed. incorr. transp.). ↗ expanded
אַתָּה , , v. אָנֹכִי) thou. Ber. 11ᵃ; a. fr.—אתה אומר, v. אַתְּ.—Pl. אַתֶּם, אַתֶּןye. Ber. I, 1; a. fr.—R. Hash. 25ᵃ א׳ א׳ א׳ ג׳ פעמים וכ׳ three times attem is written (אֹתָם, without ו); v. אֲפִילּוּ. Sifra Emor IX, 9; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אַתּוּנָא 2 (אתן, sec. r. of אות, v. אִית) (cmp. אשן, עשן, אשונא) fire-place, stove. Targ. Ex. XIX, 18; a. e.—Keth. 67ᵇ ההוא א׳ וכ׳ a fire-place of which the fire has been scraped out. Esth. R. to I, 12 זרוק גופר׳ באתוניה cast sulphur into his stove i.e. inflame his passion. ↗ expanded
אֱתוּנָא (v. preced., = h. אישון) density, intensiveness, essence. Targ. Prov. XX, 20 איך א׳ דחשוכא as darkness itself (h. text באישון with ב). Cmp. אֵיתָן. ↗ expanded
אַתּוּר Targ. Gen. II, 14; a. e.—Deriv. אֲתוּרָאָה, אֲתוּרָיָיהAssyrian. Ib. X, 11; a. e. ↗ expanded
אַתִּינָס (Ἀθῆναι, acc.—ας) Athens, the capital of Attica; in Talm. liter. freq. mentioned for wisdom and wit. Bekh. 8ᵇ סבי דבי אתו׳ the elders (sages) of the Athenian school. Lam. R. to I, 1, s. v. Rabbathi, freq. אתינה a. אתינס. ↗ expanded
אִתְכְּנָעוּ (כְּנַע) humiliation. Targ. Jer. III, 25; a. e. ↗ expanded
אִתְכַּפְיָאִיתָא (כפי) bending. Midr. Prov. to XXII, 6 אית לה א׳ can be bent. ↗ expanded
אַתְלִיטֵיס (ἀθλήτης) athlete, prize-fighter. Gen. R. s. 77 לא׳ (Ar. Var. להַ׳).—Pl. אַתְלִיטִין. Gen. R. s. 22.—אַתְלִיטִים Ex. R. s. 21, end. Y’lamd. Emor (quot. in Ar.) תוקעין תחלה ואח"כ האתליטין נכנסין first the trumpet is blown (signal), and then the fighters enter (metaphor of the sounding of the Shofar on the New Year, conquest of sin on the Day of Atonement, and carrying the palm on Succoth; v. בָּאיָין). ↗ expanded
אֶתְמְהָא (תמה) strangeness; strange! it sounds curious; sometimes used as a mere exclamation mark. Gen. R. s. 4 ויעש א׳ וכ׳ and God made?! Is it not by his word that things were created? Gen. R. s. 5. Pesik. R. s. 31; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אֶתְמוֹל , v. הֲלָה) yesterday, on a previous occasion. Y. Bets. II, 61ᵇ bot.; a. fr. ↗ expanded
אַתְנָאshe-ass. Targ. Num. XXII, 21; a. fr.—Pl. אַתְנָן, אַתְנֵי (אתניי), אֲתָנַיָּא (אַתָּ׳). Targ. Gen. XXXII, 15. Targ. I Sam. IX, 3; a. e. ↗ expanded
אַתְּנוּ = אַתְּ אִינְהוּthou art it. Y. Yeb. XV, 15ᵃ ↗ expanded
אַתְקַפְתָּא (תקף) seizing; whence refutation, objection. B. Bath. 129ᵃ; Ḥag. 9ᵇ א׳ ד־ objection raised by … ↗ expanded
אָתַר c. (= אתאר, denom. of אֲתָא, corresp. to h. מָקוֹם, fr. קוּם) place, town. Targ. Gen. XXII, 3; a. fr.—Ber. 63ᵃ. Gen. R. s. 39 (prov.) מבית לבית וכ׳ removal from house to house (costs) a shirt;—from town to town, a life. Ex. R. s. 45, end אַתְרִי טפלה לי וכ׳ my (the Lord’s) place is an accidental attribute to me, but I am not accidental to my place; cmp. מָקוֹם.—Ned. 49ᵃ, a. fr. מר כי אַתְרֵיה וכ׳ the one follows the custom of his place and the other that of his. B. Bath. 124ᵇ לאתרין to our place.—Pl. אַתְרִין, אַתְרַיָּא. Targ. Jud. XIX, 13; a. fr.—Y. Ber. II, 4ᶜ מן א׳ סגין from many places (passages, authorities); Pesik. R. s. 22 היגיס אחריו (corr. acc.)—Denom. אַתְרוּתָאlocal custom. Pl. אֲתַרְוָותָא. Gitt. 89ᵃ א׳ נינהו the customs of the places are divided.—בַּאֲתַר, בְּאַתְרֵיin place of, instead; in consequence of, because of, for (corresp to h. תַּחַת). Targ. II Chr. VI, 10; a. fr.—Targ. Job VIII, 4; a. fr.—V. בָּתַר.—על אתר (contr. אַלְתַּר q. v.) on the spot, presently. Y. Ber. I, 3ᶜ. Ib. II, 4ᵇ, a. fr. ↗ expanded
אִתְרַבְרָבוּתָא (רברב, Palp. of רב) boast, pride. Targ. Zech. XII, 7; a. e. ↗ expanded
אִתְרְגוּשָׁא (רגש) noise, noisy crowd, riot. Targ. Jer. XXV, 31. Targ. Is. XVII, 12; a. fr.—Pl. אִתְרְגוּשִׁין, אִתְרְגוּשַׁיָּא, f. אִתְרְגוּשָׁתָא. Targ. Job XVIII, 11. Targ. Ezek. XXXIX, 16; a. e. ↗ expanded
אֶתְרוֹג (תרג = שרג q. v.) [the shining,] Ethrog, a kind of orange or citron used with the festive wreath on the Feast of Booths (= פרי עץ הדר Lev. XXIII, 40; v. Targ.). Succ. III, 5; a. fr. Gen. R. s. 15. Lev. R. s. 30, end.—Pl. אֶתְרוֹגִין. Maasr. I, 4. Succ. IV, 9 באֶתְרוֹגֵיהֶן with their ethrogim (which they had brought into the Temple); a. e. ↗ expanded
אַתְרוֹגָא Targ. II Esth. VII, 10 (tree; fem.).—Pl. אַתְרוֹגִין, אֶתְ׳. Targ. O. Lev. XXIII, 40.—Targ. II Esth. III, 8 אֶתְרוֹגְנָנָא our own citrons.—V. תְּרוֹג. ↗ expanded
אֶתְרוּנְגָּא (an affected pronunciation of אֶתְרוֹגָא; v. תְּרוּנְגָּא; Pers. turundj) = אֶתְרוֹגָא. Kidd. 70ᵃ כל האומר א׳ וכ׳ whoever says Ethrunga betrays a third (goodly) portion of haughtiness; either say Ethrog (hebr.) as the Rabbis do, or Ethroga (ch.) as the people do. Cmp. גּוּנְדְּרִיתָא. ↗ expanded