ש

שְׁנָה (Aramaic)

n.f. sleep (𝔗 Syriac);—sf. שִׁנְּתֵהּ (K^{§ 12 d)}), var. שִׁנְתֵּהּ Daniel 6:19.—i. [שְׁנָה] v. [שְׁנָא].

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שַׂגִּיא (Aramaic)

adj. great, much;—abs. שׂ׳ Daniel 2:6 +, fpl. שַׂגִּיאָן Daniel 2:48 Ezra 5:11;—

great, of image Daniel 2:31 (in vision), height of tree Daniel 4:7 (id.); of honour Daniel 2:6.

much, fruit Daniel 4:9, Daniel 4:18, flesh Daniel 7:5; pl. many, years Ezra 5:11, gifts Daniel 2:48.

as adv. exceedingly, Daniel 2:12; Daniel 5:9; Daniel 6:15, Daniel 6:24; Daniel 7:28.

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שׂוּם (Aramaic)

vb. set, make (v. BH; for Pers. infl. on usage cf. Scheft⁶⁵);—

Pf. 3 ms. שָׂם Ezra 5:3 +, sf. שָׂמֵהּ Ezra 5:14; 2 ms. שַׂ֫מְתָּ Daniel 3:10; 1 s. שָׂ֫מֶת טְעֵם Ezra 6:12; 3 mpl. שָׂמוּ Daniel 3:12; Imv. mpl. שִׂ֫ימוּ Ezra 4:21;—

make, acc. טְעֵם = make decree Daniel 3:10; Ezra 6:1, Ezra 6:12, + vb. fin. v Ezra 6:3, + inf. Ezra 4:21; Ezra 5:13 and (c. ל pers.) v Ezra 5:3, Ezra 5:9.

make, appoint, one’s name Daniel 5:12 (2 acc.), one to office Ezra 5:14 (2 acc.).

set, fix, acc. בָּל mind, Daniel 6:15 (c. inf.); acc. טְעֵם Daniel 3:12; Daniel 6:14 pay due regard (טְעֵם) to (עַל pers.). Peʿîl. 3 ms. מִנִּי שִׂים טְעֵם Ezra 4:19 from me a decree is made, so Ezra 5:17; Ezra 6:8, Ezra 6:11; Ezra 7:13, Ezra 7:21; Daniel 3:29; Daniel 4:3; Daniel 6:27; lit. 3 fs. שֻׂמַת (read prob. שִׂימַת K^{§ 45, Beisp. 1. d)}) Daniel 6:18 (of stone, עַל loc.).

be made: Impf. 3 ms. יִתְּשָׂם Ezra 4:21 (of decree, טְעֵם c. מִן agent); 3 mpl. יִתְּשָׂמוּן Daniel 2:5 subj. rei + n. pred. be made into; Pt. מִתְּשָׂם Ezra 5:8 lit. be set, laid, of wood, ב of wall.

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שִׂיב (Aramaic)

vb. be hoary (v. BH);—

Pt. pl. as subst. = elders, term. techn., abs. שָׂבֵי יְהוּדָיֵא Ezra 5:5; Ezra 6:7, Ezra 6:8, Ezra 6:14; so emph. שָׂבַיָּא Ezra 5:9.

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שְׂעַר (Aramaic)

n.m. ^{Daniel 3:27} hair, of head (𝔗 ס׳, Syriac ܣܐ; v. BH I. שׂער);—cstr. Daniel 3:27; Daniel 7:9; sf. שַׁעְרֵהּ Daniel 4:30.

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שְׁאֵל (Aramaic)

vb. ask (v. BH);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Daniel 2:10; pl. שְׁאֵ֫לְנָא Ezra 5:9, Ezra 5:10; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יִשְׁאֲלֶנְכוֹן Ezra 7:21; Pt. act. שָׁאֵל Daniel 2:11, Daniel 2:27;—

ask for, request, acc. rei Daniel 2:10 (ל pers.), v Daniel 2:11, Daniel 2:27 Ezra 7:21 (sf. pers.).

inquire about, for, acc. rei Ezra 5:9 (ל pers.); sq. orat. rect. v Ezra 5:10 (id.).

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שְׁאֵלָה (Aramaic)

n.f. affair (weakened from question, inquiry, cf. Dr);—emph. שְׁאֵלְתָּא Daniel 4:14.

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שְׁאָר (Aramaic)

n.m. ^{Ezra 7:20} rest, remainder (v. BH I. שׁאר; Egyptian Aramaic n. שאר Cooke²⁰³, vb. ישתאר be left (outstanding) Cooke⁴⁰⁴ = S-C^{L 9}, Chr-Pal. ܫܐܪ );—שׁ׳ abs. Ezra 4:10 +, cstr. v Ezra 4:9 +; emph. שְׁאָרָא Daniel 7:7, Daniel 7:19;—of a thing, remainder Ezra 7:18, Ezra 7:20; of cities Ezra 4:10, Ezra 4:17, of persons v Ezra 4:9, Ezra 4:10, Ezra 4:17; Ezra 6:16 Daniel 2:18, of beasts Daniel 7:7, Daniel 7:12, Daniel 7:19.

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שְׁבַע (Aramaic)

only שִׁבְעָה n.f. seven (BH I. שֶׁבַע);—abs. שׁ׳ bef. n.m. pl. Daniel 4:13, Daniel 4:20, Daniel 4:22, Daniel 4:29; cstr. שִׁבְעַת bef. n.m. pl. Ezra 7:14; חַד שִׁבְעָה עַל־דִּי Daniel 3:19 seven times above what (more than), v. חַד, √ אחד.

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שֵׁגָל (Aramaic)

n.f. (royal) consort (cf. BH id.; √ unknown Hpt^{Gu Ezr-Ne, p. 66} conj. Assyrian šigrêti, harem-women);—pl. sf. שֵֽׁגְלָתָךְ Daniel 5:23, שֵֽׁגְלָתֵהּ v Daniel 5:2, Daniel 5:3.

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שַׁדְרַךְ (Aramaic)

n.pr.m. (cf. BH id.);—Daniel 2:49; Daniel 3:12 + 11 times Daniel 3:3.

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שֵׁת (Aramaic)

n.m. six;—abs. שִׁ֑ת after n.f. Daniel 3:1; שְׁנָת־שֵׁת Ezra 6:15 year six = sixth year.

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שִׁתִּין (Aramaic)

n. indecl. sixty;—אַמִּין שׁ׳ Ezra 6:3^(×2); Daniel 3:1; שְׁנִין שׁ׳ וְתַרְתֵּין Daniel 6:1.

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שׁוּר (Aramaic)

n.m. wall (cf. BH ii. שׁוּר id.; Egyptian Aramaic שור RÉS^{361 A 5, B 1});—pl. emph. שׁוּרַיָּה Ezra 4:16, א—ָ v Ezra 4:13; v Ezra 4:12 read שׁוּרַיָּא שׁ׳ Qr, for שׁורי אשׁ׳ Kt.

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שְׁלֵה (Aramaic)

adj. at ease (Egyptian Aramaic Cooke ²¹⁰);—שׁ׳ הֲוֵית בְּ Daniel 4:1 I was at ease in my house.—Daniel 3:29 v. following.

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שָׁלוּ (Aramaic)

n.f. neglect, remissness (𝔗 id.);—abs. שׁ׳ Ezra 4:22; Ezra 6:9 Daniel 6:5 + Daniel 3:29 Qr; Kt שׁלה usually thought an error for שׁלו; Hi Bev M (perhaps) expl. as שֵׁלָה = שְׁאֵלָה = thing, affair (Daniel 4:14).

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שְׁלַח (Aramaic)

vb. send (BH I. שָׁלַח);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Ezra 4:17 +; 3 mpl. שְׁלַ֫חוּ Ezra 4:11 +; 2 mpl. שְׁלַחְתּוּן Ezra 4:18; 1 pl. שְׁלַחְנָא Ezra 4:14; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁלַח Ezra 5:17; Ezra 6:12; Pt. pass. שְׁלִיחַ Ezra 7:14 Daniel 5:24;—send, acc. of letter, etc., c. עַל pers. Ezra 4:11, Ezra 4:17, Ezra 4:18; Ezra 5:6, Ezra 5:7, Ezra 5:17; abs. Ezra 6:13, sq. vb. fin. Ezra 4:14, + acc. pers. Daniel 3:28; Daniel 6:23; sq. Inf. Daniel 3:2; put out hand (acc.) to harm (Inf.) Ezra 6:12; pass., be sent, c. מִן־קֳדָם pers.: subj. pers. Ezra 7:14; subj. כַּפָּא Daniel 5:24.

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שְׁלֵט (Aramaic)

vb. have power, rule (𝔗 Syriac; BH (q.v.) late);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Daniel 3:27, 3 mpl. שְׁלִ֫טוּ Daniel 6:25; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁלַ֑ט Daniel 5:7, 3 fs. תִּשְׁלַט Daniel 2:39, 2 ms. תִּשְׁלַ֑ט Daniel 5:16;—have power upon, ב rei, Daniel 3:27 (of fire); fall upon, assault (𝔗 = פָּגע בְּ), ב pers. Daniel 6:25 (of lions); subj. pers. rule; be ruler, abs., Daniel 5:7, Daniel 3:16, subj. kingdom, ב of earth, Daniel 2:39.

make ruler: Pf. 3 ms. sf. הַשְׁלְטָךְ Daniel 2:38 (ב pers., etc.); הַשְׁלְטֵהּ v Daniel 2:48 (עַל of province).

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שָׁלְטָן (Aramaic)

(K^{§ 61, 3, Beisp. α)}) n.m. Daniel 7:6 dominion;—שׁ׳ abs. Daniel 7:6, Daniel 7:14, cstr. Daniel 6:27 +; emph. שָׁלְטָנָא Daniel 7:27; sf. שָׁלְטָנָךְ Daniel 4:19, -נֵהּ Daniel 3:33 +, -נְהוֹן Daniel 7:12; pl. emph. שָׁלְטָנַיָּא Daniel 7:27;—

dominion, sovereignty (usually of God): Daniel 3:33; Daniel 4:19, Daniel 4:31^(×2) Daniel 6:27 Daniel 7:6, Daniel 7:12, Daniel 7:14^(×3), Daniel 7:26, Daniel 7:27^(×2).

realm Daniel 6:27. שִׁלְטוֹן v. p. 1127.

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שַׁלִּיט (Aramaic)

adj. having mastery, ruling;—abs. שׁ׳ Ezra 7:24 +, emph. א—ָ Daniel 2:15; mpl. שְׁלִיטִין Ezra 4:20, -טִן Daniel 4:23;—

having, exercising, mastery:

of God, sq. ב, Daniel 4:14, Daniel 4:22, Daniel 4:29; Daniel 5:21; abs., of heavens Daniel 4:23.

of kings Ezra 4:20 (ב).

as n. = ruler Daniel 2:10; Daniel 5:29, captain Daniel 2:15.

having authority to do a thing (Inf.), hence impers. = it is authorized, Ezra 7:24 (so often in Syriac; cf. S-C^{A 11 +} אנת שליט למבנה).

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שְׁלָם (Aramaic)

n.m.Daniel 3:31 welfare, prosperity;—in greetings: abs. Ezra 4:17 prosperity! emph. שְׁלָמָא Ezra 5:7; sf. שְׁלָֽמְכוֹן יַשְׂגִּיא Daniel 3:31; Daniel 6:26.

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שֻׁם (Aramaic)

n.m. name (v. BH שֵׁם);—cstr. שׁ׳ Ezra 5:1 +; sf. שְׁמֵהּ Daniel 2:20 +; pl. cstr. שְׁמָהָת Ezra 5:4, sf. -תְהֹם v Ezra 5:10;—name, dei: Daniel 2:20; Daniel 4:5 Ezra 5:1; Ezra 6:12; vir.: Daniel 2:26; Daniel 4:5, Daniel 4:16; Daniel 5:12 (all Dan.), Ezra 5:4, Ezra 5:10^(×2) also v Ezra 5:14, with which cf. S-C^{K 4, 5, 8 f., 12 f.}

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שְׁמַע (Aramaic)

vb. hear (v. BH);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Daniel 6:15; 1 s. שִׁמְעֵת Daniel 5:14, Daniel 5:16; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁמַע Daniel 3:10, 2 mpl. תִּשְׁמְעוּן Daniel 3:5, Daniel 3:15; Pt. act. שָֽׁמְעִין Daniel 3:7; Daniel 5:23;—hear: = have sense of hearing Daniel 5:23; c. acc. of sound Daniel 3:5, Daniel 3:7, Daniel 3:10, Daniel 3:15, word Daniel 6:15; c. cl. דִּי + עַל pers. concerning, Daniel 5:14, Daniel 5:16.

shew oneself obedient: Impf. 3 mpl. יִשְׁתַּמְעוּן Daniel 7:27, c. ל pers. (prob.).

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שְׁמַשׁ (Aramaic)

n.[m. so D^WB] sun;—emph. שִׁמְשָׁא Daniel 6:15.

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שְׁמַשׁ² (Aramaic)

vb.

minister (𝔗 Pa. id., תַּשְׁמִישׁ use; Palm. שמש, תשמיש, SAC ^{114, cf. 122} Lzb ³⁷⁹; Syriac ܫܰܡܶܫ, ܬܶܫܡܶܫܬܳܐ; Chr-Pal. ܫܡܫ Pa, ܬܫܡܫ; NH שִׁמֵּשׁ, תַּשְׁמִישׁ; Egyptian šms, servant, Kopt. šemše, cf. WMM in Buhl ¹⁴);—Impf. 3 mpl. sf. יְשַׁמְּשׁוּנֵּהּ Daniel 7:10 were ministering to him.

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שֵׁן (Aramaic)

v. שׁנן.

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שְׁנָה² (Aramaic)

n.f. year (v. BH שָׁנָה, √ I. [שָׁנָה]);—cstr. שְׁנַת: שׁ׳ חֲדָה = first year Ezra 5:13; Ezra 6:3 Daniel 7:1; שׁ׳ תַּרְתֵּין Ezra 4:24 second year; שׁ׳ שֵׁת Daniel 6:15; pl. שְׁנִין שִׁתִּין וְת׳ Daniel 6:1 62 years; שׁ׳ שַׂגִּיאָן Ezra 5:11.—ii. [שְׁנָה] v. ישׁן.

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שֵׁן² (Aramaic)

n.[f.] tooth;—du. (of rows of teeth) abs. שִׁנַּ֫יִן Daniel 7:7;—sf. שניה Kt (K^{§ 53, 2. b)}), שִׁנַּהּ Qr, v Daniel 7:5, Daniel 7:19 (all of beasts in vision). שִׁנְּתֵהּ Daniel 6:19 v. √ ישן

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שָׁעָה (Aramaic)

n.f. brief time, moment (𝔗 id., שָֽׁעֲתָא, NH שָׁעָה time, hour; Syriac ܫܳܥܬܳܐ moment, then hour Brock ³⁶⁹, but Chr-Pal. ܫܥܳܐ moment, hour Schwally^{Idiot. 97} Schulth^{Lex. 211}; perhaps = Assyrian šattu, duration; TelAm.^{91, 77} še-ti, time, hour (as Canaanism) Wkl^{KAT3. 335}; Arabic سِعْوٌ, سَاعَةٌ portion of time, Ethiopic ሳዕ time, ሰዓት hour, time (Buhl calls Arabic Ethiopic loan-words, but v. Wkl^l.c.); √ unknown: poss. Assyrian loan-word (v. Wkl^l.c.); Dl^{Pr 39 f.} conj. שׁיע = שָׁעָה look, hence moment = ‘Augenblick,’ but vb. שׁ׳ rather of steady gaze);—moment: usually emph. בַּהּ־שַׁעֲתָא (read poss. שָֽׁ׳ as 𝔗 Syriac, M^{86* f.} Buhl¹⁴ cf. var. in Str) in the same moment, forthwith Daniel 3:6, Daniel 3:15; Daniel 4:30; Daniel 5:5; abs. שָׁעָה חֲדָה Daniel 4:16 for a moment.

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שַׁפִּיר (Aramaic)

v. שׁפר.

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שְׁפַר (Aramaic)

vb. be fair, seemly (𝔗 Syriac; cf. BH (rare and mostly late); Palm. שפר ל merit well of, SAC¹¹⁷; Cappad. Aramaic שפירא Lzb^{Eph 160});—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳, c. קֳדָם pers. it seemed good to Daniel 3:32; Daniel 6:2; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁפַּר עַל Daniel 4:24 let my counsel be acceptable to thee.

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שַׁפִּיר² (Aramaic)

adj. fair, beautiful;—of foliage Daniel 4:9, Daniel 4:18.

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שֹׁ֫רֶשׁ (Aramaic)

n.m. ^{Daniel 4:12} root (v. BH);—pl. sf. שָׁרְשׁוֹ֫הִי of tree Daniel 4:12, Daniel 4:20, Daniel 4:23.

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שֵׁשְׁבַּצַּר (Aramaic)

n.pr.m. Ezra 5:14, Ezra 5:16.

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שֵׁת² (Aramaic)

v. שׁדת.

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שְׁתָה (Aramaic)

vb. drink (𝔗 שְׁתָא, אִשְׁתִּי, Syriac ܐܶܫܬܻܝ; v. BH ׃שָׁתָה);—

Pf. 3 mpl. אִשְׁתִּיו (K^{§ 11, 4, α)}) Daniel 5:3, Daniel 5:4; Impf. 3 mpl. יִשְׁתּוֹן v Daniel 5:2; Pt. act. שָׁתֵה v Daniel 5:1, pl. שָׁתַ֫יִן v Daniel 5:23;—drink, acc. wine Daniel 5:1, Daniel 5:4, + ב of vessel v Daniel 5:23 and (acc. om.) v Daniel 5:2, Daniel 5:3.

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שִׁתִּין² (Aramaic)

sixty, v. שׁדת.

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שְׁתַר בּוֹזְנַי (Aramaic)

n.pr.m. Pers. official Ezra 5:3, Ezra 5:6; Ezra 6:6, Ezra 6:13; Σαθαρβουζανα (αι, ε, ης); 𝔊L Σαθραβωζανης (Andr^{M 87*} proposes מתרב׳, Gk. Μιθροβουζάνης, = OIran. *Mithrabaužana, Mithra is deliverer (or the like), so Mey^{Entst. J. 32}; Scheft ^{92 f.} OIran. Šêthrabûzana, empire-delivering; Wkl^{MVAG 1887, 281 f.} conj. a title).

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שַׁבְּלוּל

n.m. snail (Shaph. form, causing moisture, from notion of moisture or fluid in בלל);—name due to slimy trail Psalms 58:9, שַׁבְּלוּל תֶּמֶס יַהֲלֹךְ.

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שֶׁ֫בֶת

n.f. seat, dwelling, place (properly Inf. Qal from ישׁב)—מְקוֹם הַשָּׁ֑בֶת I Kings 10:19 = II Chronicles 9:18 the place of the seat; שֶׁבֶת חָמָס Amos 6:3 a seat (throne, or enthronement) of violence; לְשֶׁבֶת עָ֑ר Numbers 21:15 toward the dwelling (i.e. place, location) of ʿÂr; יִשָּֽׂרְפוּ בַשָּׁ֑בֶת II Samuel 23:7 they are burned in the (same) place, i.e. on the spot, but del. שׁ׳ We Dr Bu; שִׁבְתּוֹ Obadiah 1:3 his (thy) dwelling-place.—ii. שֶׁבֶת v. sub שׁבת.

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שֵׁנָה

n.f. sleep;—שֵׁנָה Psalms 90:5 + 3 times; שֵׁנָא Psalms 127:2, שְׁנָת Psalms 132:4 (Ges^{§ 80 g.h.}); cstr. שְׁנַת Jeremiah 51:39 + 3 times; שְׁנָתִי Genesis 31:40; Jeremiah 31:26, etc.; pl. abs. שֵׁנוֹת Proverbs 6:10; Proverbs 24:33;—sleep Genesis 28:16 (J), Judges 16:14, Judges 16:20; Proverbs 3:24; Proverbs 6:9; Proverbs 20:13; Ecclesiastes 5:11 Jeremiah 31:26; Zechariah 4:1; Proverbs 6:4 (‖ תְּנוּמָה); מְעַט שֵׁנוֹת מְעַט תְּנוּמוֹת Proverbs 6:10 = Proverbs 24:33 (these two of sluggard אִישׁ עָצֵל; v. also Proverbs 6:9; Proverbs 20:13); note also וַתִּדַּד שְׁנָתִי מֵעֵינָ֑י Genesis 31:40 (E) and my sleep fled from mine eyes; נָֽדֲדָה שְׁנַת הַמֶּלֶךְ Esther 6:1; וְנִגְזְלָה שְׁנָתָם Proverbs 4:16; וּשְׁנָתוֹ נִהְיְתָה עָלָיו Daniel 2:1; שֵׁנָה בְּעֵינָיו אֵינֶנּוּ רֹאֶה Ecclesiastes 8:16; אִם אֶתֵּן שְׁנָת לְעֵינָ֑י Psalms 132:4 (all of lack of sleep); יִתֵּן לִידִידוֹ שֵׁנָ֑א Psalms 127:2 = he giveth to his beloved in sleep, cf. Ges^{§ 118, 3}; of sleep of death (so Arabic وَسَنٌ Dozy ^{ii. 806}) Job 14:12 Psalms 90:5 (cf. De Che); so, as acc. cogn., Psalms 76:6 Jeremiah 51:39, Jeremiah 51:57 (in these two שְׁנַת־עוֹלָם). יֶשְׁנוֹ v. יֵשׁ.

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שׁוֹעַ

adj. (free), independent, noble (in station) (according to most from second √ שׁוע = ישׁע, in sense of Arabic وَسِع (cf. תְּשׁוּעָה infr.); but actual existence of such a √ not proven; Thes allows שׁוֹעַ = יְשׁוֹעַ)—noble, of rank (and, by implic., of character) Isaiah 32:5 (‖ נָדִיב, opp. כִּילַי), Job 34:19 (Di al. rich, but ‖ שָׂרִים, opp. דַּל).—ii. שׁוֹעַ Isaiah 22:5, v. sub [שָׁוַע]. iii. שׁוֹעַ n.pr.gent. Ezekiel 23:23, v. שׁ׳.

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שׁוּעַ

n.pr.m. father of Judah’s wife, 𝔊 Σαυα, Genesis 38:2 and (after cstr. בַּת) v Genesis 38:12 I Chronicles 2:3; v. בַּת־שׁוּע p. 124 supr., and cf. on meaning (אֲבִי)שׁוּעַ p. 4, (אֱלִי)שׁוּעַ p. 46.

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שׁוּעַ²

n.[m.] opulence? (cf. Arabic سَعَةٌ )—so AE al. Job 30:24(?) Job 36:19; but < v. sub [שָׁוַע].

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שׁוּעָא

n.pr.f. a woman of Asher I Chronicles 7:32; 𝔊 Σωλα, 𝔊L Σουα.

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שָׁרוֹן

n.pr.loc. Sharon (plausibly connected with √ ישׁר by Thes Ges ¹² al., cf. GASm^{Geogr. 52}; = יְשָׁרוֹן*; Ph. שרן)—strictly n.m. ^{Isaiah 65:10} plain, level;—

הַשּׁ׳ (with art.), name of maritime plain on Mediterr., from Joppa northward, noted for fertility, Isaiah 33:9 (‖ בָּשָׁן, כַּרְמֶל; 𝔊 ὁ Σαρων), cf. הֲדַר כַּרְמֶל וְהַשָּׁרוֹן Isaiah 35:2; Isaiah 65:10 (‖ עֵמֶק עָכוֹר; 𝔊 τῷ δρυμῷ); חֲבַצֶּלֶת הַשּׁ׳ Song of Songs 2:1 (𝔊 ἄνθος τοῦ πεδίου); הַבָּקָר הָרֹעִים בַּשּׁ׳ I Chronicles 27:29; so also Joshua 12:18, where read מֶלֶךְ אֲפֵק לַשּׁ׳ so Di We^{Sam. 55} Ges ¹² after 𝔊, cf. RS^{OTJC 2, 273, 435}.—On this plain v. GASm^{Geogr. 147 ff.} Buhl^{Geogr. § 65}.

מִגְרְשֵׁי שָׁרוֹן region E. of Jordan I Chronicles 5:16 (‖ גִּלְעָד, בָּשָׁן; 𝔊 τὰ περίχωρα Τεριαμ, 𝔊 A Σαρων); identified by many with הַמִּישׁוֹר (Deuteronomy 3:10).

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שַׁלְהֶ֫בֶת

n.f. flame (Aramaic שַׁלְהוֹבִיתָא, ܫܰܠܗܶܒܺܝܬܳܐ )—in לַהֶבֶת שׁ׳ Ezekiel 21:3, of judgment; so שַׁלְהָ֑בֶת Job 15:30; רִשְׁפֵּי אֵשׁ שַׁלְהֶבֶתְיָה Song of Songs 8:6 i.e. Yahweh-flame = powerful flame (> Jäger^{BAS i.471} Jastrow^{JBL xiii (1894), 111} expl. ־יָה here as encl. part.)

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שִׂיאֹן

n.pr.mont., i.e. Hermon, הַר שׂ׳ הוּא חֶרְמוֹן Deuteronomy 4:48 (cf. Di Dr).

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שְׂאֵת

n.f. 1. exaltation, dignity. 2. swelling. 3. uprising;—שׂ׳ abs. Genesis 4:7 +, cstr. Leviticus 13:28 +; sf. שְׂאֵתוֹ Job 13:11 +; (מִ)שֵּׂתוֹ Job 41:17;—

dignity Genesis 49:3 (dignity of first-born), Psalms 62:5, of Chaldeans Habakkuk 1:7; of God, his exaltation, loftiness Job 13:11; Job 31:23.

swelling, eruption, בְּעוֹר בָּשָׂר Leviticus 13:2 (+ סַפַּחַת, בַּהֶרֶת), cf. Leviticus 14:56 (+ id.); also Leviticus 13:10^(×2), Leviticus 13:19, Leviticus 13:28, שׂ׳ הַנֶּגַע v Leviticus 13:43 (all P).

uprising, Job 41:17 at his uprising the mighty are in dread.

Genesis 4:7 is dub.;—is there not acceptance? 𝔖 𝔙 al.; forgiveness 𝔗 Holz al.; uplifting of countenance, cheerfulness, Ew De Ke Di Kau.

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שֶׂ֫פֶק

n.[m.] doubtful word; hand-clapping, i.e. mockery (?) (cf. vb. Job 27:23);—שָׂ֑פֶק Job 36:18 in difficult cl. כִּי־חֵמָה פֶּן־יְסִיתְךָ בְשׂ׳ because there is passion, (beware) lest it incite thee to mockery, Bae^Kau Da (but הסית בְּ = incite against, hence Bu reads לִשְׂפֹּק); De is not clear; others (as Di): lest it (passion) excite thee at the chastisement (v. √ 2; cf. Thes); Du reads מִשְׂפָּק לְחֵמָה lest chastisement incite thee to wrath.—On Job 20:22 (edd.) v. שֵׂפֶק.

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שְׂאֹר

n.m. ^{Exodus 12:19} leaven;—abs. שׂ׳ Exodus 13:7 (J), Deuteronomy 16:4 (D), Exodus 12:15, Exodus 12:19; Leviticus 2:11 (all P).

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שְׂאֵת²

v. נשׂא.

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שׂוֹבֶךְ

n.[m.] network of boughs;—cstr. שׂ׳ הָאֵלָה II Samuel 18:9.

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שְׂבָכָה

n.f. lattice-work, network;—abs. ר׳ I Kings 7:18 +, pl. שְׂבָכוֹת v I Kings 7:41 +, שְׂבָכִים v I Kings 7:17;—

prob. window-lattice II Kings 1:2.

net-ornament on pillars, I Kings 7:17^(×2) (om. 𝔊 Kit Benz), v I Kings 7:18, I Kings 7:20 (crpt., (cf. Kit Benz), v I Kings 7:41, I Kings 7:42^(×2) II Chronicles 4:12, II Chronicles 4:13^(×2) II Kings 25:17^(×2) ‖ Jeremiah 52:22, Jeremiah 52:23.

network, toils, for catching animals (fig.) Job 18:8 (+ רֶשֶׁת, פַּח, צַמִּים).

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שָׂבֵעַ

vb. be sated, satisfied, surfeited (NH (der. spec.) = BH; so Assyrian šebû, Arabic شَبِعَ, Aramaic סְבַע, ܣܒܰܥ, Palm. שבע; the Ethiopic vb. of same meaning is ጸግበ: );—

Pf. 3 ms. שָׂבַע I Chronicles 23:1, וְשׂ׳ consec. Deuteronomy 31:20; 3 pl. שָׂבֵ֑עוּ Isaiah 9:19, ושׂ׳ consec. Deuteronomy 14:29; Deuteronomy 26:12, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׂבַּע Proverbs 12:11 +, 3 mpl. יִשְׂבְּעוּן Psalms 104:28, etc.; Imv. שְׂבַע־ Proverbs 20:13; Inf. abs. שָׂבוֹעַ Joel 2:26 II Chronicles 31:10; cstr. לִשְׂבֹּעַ Exodus 16:8 Lamentations 5:6, לְשָׂבְעָה Haggai 1:6;—

be sated (with food), especially human subj.:

abs., after אָכַל, Hosea 4:10; Isaiah 9:19; Deuteronomy 8:10; Exodus 16:8 (P), + 11 times, cf. Isaiah 44:16 (‖ אָכַל); exposing men to arrogance Deuteronomy 6:11; Deuteronomy 8:12; Deuteronomy 31:20, cf. Hosea 13:6^(×2) (Isr. under fig. of cattle), Jeremiah 50:19 (id.; c. ב loc.; ‖ רָעָה graze); = have (or get) enough to eat Psalms 37:19; Psalms 59:16, enough to drink Amos 4:8, fig. of sword Jeremiah 46:10, of wine Habakkuk 2:5.

c. acc. of food Jeremiah 44:17; Lamentations 5:6; Exodus 16:12 (P), + 6 times, cf. Ezekiel 39:20 (of beasts, in fig.), of earth, sated with water (rain) Proverbs 30:16, so of trees (acc. om.) Psalms 104:16, fig. of requital Proverbs 18:20.

c. מִן of food Job 19:22 (fig.); fig. of earth having its fill (of rain) Psalms 104:13, and (fig. of requital) Proverbs 18:20; good sense Proverbs 12:14 (del. טוֹב, so Toy), bad sense Proverbs 1:31; Proverbs 14:14; c. מִן of source Isaiah 66:11 (fig.).

more gen., be sated, have desire satisfied:

abs. Ezekiel 16:28, Ezekiel 16:29 (i.e. with harlotry), Jeremiah 50:10 (with plunder), Isaiah 53:11 (with a given result); of eyes Proverbs 27:20, of Sh^eʾôl and Abaddōn v Proverbs 27:20, cf. Proverbs 30:15; = have abundance Proverbs 30:9 (exposure to arrogance).

c. acc., be satisfied with, have one’s fill of: Jeremiah 31:14, cf. Psalms 17:15; Psalms 63:6;Proverbs 5:10; Ecclesiastes 5:9, cf. (eye subj.) Ecclesiastes 4:8, acc. of sons Psalms 17:14 (si vera l., but text dub., v. Ol Du, cf. Bae We), days of life, i.e. reach the full limit (+ זָקֵן) I Chronicles 23:1; II Chronicles 24:15.

c. ב of goodness Psalms 65:5, c. מִן id. Ecclesiastes 6:3.

c. ל inf., לֹא־תִשְׂבַּע עַיִן לִרְאוֹת Ecclesiastes 1:8 (‖ מָלֵא).

have in excess, be surfeited with:

lit., with honey (acc.) Proverbs 25:16.

fig. = be weary of, c. acc. of offerings Isaiah 1:11 (subj. י׳), tossings Job 7:4, poverty Proverbs 28:19, shame Habakkuk 2:16, contempt Psalms 123:3, Psalms 123:4, c. acc. pers. Proverbs 25:17.

id., c. ב of troubles Psalms 88:4, of reproach Lamentations 3:30.

Pt. נִשְׂבָּע sated Job 31:31.

satisfy, Impf. 3 mpl. יְשַׂבֵּ֑עוּ Ezekiel 7:19 they shall not satisfy their appetite (נֶפֶשׁ; ‖ מִלֵּא); Imv. ms. sf., subj. י׳, שַׂבְּעֵנוּ חַסְדֶּ֑ךָ Psalms 90:14 (2 acc.).

Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׂבִּיעַ Psalms 107:9, וְה׳ consec. Isaiah 58:11; 2 fs. הִשְׂבַּ֫עַתְּ Ezekiel 27:33, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יַשְׂבִּעַנִי Job 9:18, 2 ms. תַּשְׂבִּיעַ Isaiah 58:10, 1 s. וָאַשְׂבִּעַ Jeremiah 5:7, sf. אַשְׂבִּיעֶ֑ךָּ Psalms 81:17 van d. H., אַשְׂבִּיעֶ֑ךָֿ Baer Gi, etc.; Inf. cstr. לְהַשְׂבִּיעַ Job 38:27; Pt. מַשְׂבִּיעַ Psalms 103:5; Psalms 145:16;—

satisfy (especially with material blessings), subj. י׳, c. acc. pers. Jeremiah 5:7 (exposing men to arrogance), Isaiah 58:11 (acc. נֶפֶשׁ; of refreshment in drought, ב loc., fig. of help and blessing), Psalms 107:9 (acc. נֶפֶשׁ; ‖ מִלֵּא), cf. Psalms 103:5 (ב instr., on acc. v. עֲדִי); c. acc. of ground Job 38:27 (i.e. with rain); human subj., c. acc. נֶפֶשׁ Isaiah 58:10.

c. acc. of food + pers., י׳ subj., Psalms 81:17 (‖ הֶאֱכִיל), Psalms 105:40; Psalms 132:15; Psalms 147:14; c. acc. pers. + אֹרֶךְ יָמִים Psalms 91:16.

י׳ subj., acc. rei + ל pers., מַשׂ׳ לְכָל־חַי רָצוֹן Psalms 145:16.

י׳ subj., c. acc. of beasts + מִמְּךָ (of Pharaoh, in prophetic fig.) Ezekiel 32:4.

enrich, subj. Tyre, c. acc. gent. Ezekiel 27:33 (‖ הֶעֱשִׁיר).

sate, glut (with the undesired), subj. י׳, c. acc. pers. + ב rei Lamentations 3:15, acc. pers. + rei Job 9:18.

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שֹׂ֫בַע

n.[m.] satiety, abundance;—abs. לָשׂ׳ Exodus 16:3 +, cstr. שׂבַע Psalms 16:11, לְשׂ׳ Proverbs 13:25; sf. שָׂבְעֶ֑ךָ Deuteronomy 23:25, שָׂבְעָהּ Ruth 2:18;—

satiety, as to food Ruth 2:18; לָשׂ׳ (לֶחֶם) אָכַל Exodus 16:3 (P), Leviticus 25:19; Leviticus 26:5 (both H), cf. לָשׂ׳ Psalms 78:25; אָכַל … כְּנַפְשְׁךָ שׂ׳ Deuteronomy 23:25 eat grapes according to thine appetite, (namely) thy fill, cf. אָכַל לְשׂ׳ נַפְשׁוֹ Proverbs 13:25.

satisfying abundance, שׂ׳ שְׂמָחוֹת Psalms 16:11.

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שָׂבְעָה

[שִׂבְעָה] n.f. satiety;—abs. שׂ׳ Isaiah 56:11 +, cstr. שִׂבְעַת־ Ezekiel 16:49, sf. שָׂבְעָתֵךְ v Ezekiel 16:28;—

as to food, especially אָכַל לְשׂ׳ eat to satiety, one’s fill, Isaiah 23:18; Ezekiel 39:19; לְשׂ׳ also Isaiah 55:2 (fig.); שׂ׳ of dogs Isaiah 56:11 (fig.); שׂ׳־לֶחֶם leading to arrogance, as sin of Sodom Ezekiel 16:49 (+ גָּאוֹן, etc.).

as to carnal desire Ezekiel 16:28 (fig.).

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שָׂבָע

n.m. ^{Genesis 41:29} plenty, satiety;—only abs. שׂ׳;—

plenty, of bread-stuffs Genesis 41:29, Genesis 41:30, Genesis 41:31, Genesis 41:34, Genesis 41:47, Genesis 41:53 (E), Proverbs 3:10.

satiety, Ecclesiastes 5:11.

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שָׂבֵעַ²

adj. sated, satisfied, surfeited;—abs. שׂ׳ Genesis 25:8; Proverbs 19:23; cstr. שְׂבַע Deuteronomy 33:23 +; fs. שְׂבֵעָה Proverbs 27:7; mpl. שְׂבֵעִים I Samuel 2:5;—

sated with food, c. בַּלֶּחֶם I Samuel 2:5; נֶפֶשׁ שְׂבֵעָה Proverbs 27:7 (opp. נ׳ רְעֵבָה); abounding in י׳’s favour (שְׂבַע רָצוֹן) Deuteronomy 33:23 (‖ מָלֵא); abs. satisfied Proverbs 19:23.

in phr. שְׂבַע יָמִים satisfied with days, in a good old age, Genesis 35:29 (P), Job 42:17 (both + זָקֵן), I Chronicles 29:28 (+ בְּשֵׂיבָה טוֹבָה), also abs. שָׂבֵ֑עַ Genesis 25:8 (P; + id. + זָקֵן).

bad sense, surfeited with trouble, etc.: שְׂבַע רֹגֶז Job 14:1, שׂ׳ קָלוֹן Job 10:15.

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שָׂבַר

vb. inspect, examine (van d. H. שֹׁבֵר [so 𝔊 συντρίβων], but Mas. שׂ׳ v. Norzi; hence connex. with Arabic سَبَرَ probe a wound, try, examine, improb., and this (according to Frä²⁶¹) denom. from Aramaic loan-word; improb. also is connex. with Aramaic סְבַר think (cf. foll.), Kau^{Aram. im AT, 85});—

Pt. שֹׂבֵר, c. ב obj., Nehemiah 2:13, Nehemiah 2:15 I examined into the wall, inspected it closely.

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שָׂבַר²

vb.

wait, hope (Aramaism; cf. Aramaic סְבַר think, Pa. hope; ܣܒܰܪ believe, hope, Pa. think, Aph. hope);—Pf. 1 s. שִׂבַּרְתִּי Psalms 119:166, 3 pl. שִׂבְּרוּ Esther 9:1; Impf. 3 mpl. יְשַׂבְּרוּ Isaiah 38:18, יְשַׂבֵּ֑רוּ Psalms 145:15, יְשַׂבֵּר֑וּן Psalms 104:27; Psalms 104:2 fpl. תְּשַׂבֵּרְנָה Ruth 1:13;—

wait + לָהֵן therefor Ruth 1:13.

hope for, ל rei Psalms 119:166, אֶל rei Isaiah 38:18, אֶל pers. Psalms 104:27; Psalms 145:15; ל inf. Esther 9:1 hope to rule.

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שַׂגִּיא

adj. great;—of God, abs. אֵל שַׂגִּיא Job 36:26; cstr. שַׂגִּיא־כֹחַ Job 37:23.

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שְׂגוּב

n.pr.m. (exalted);—

son of rebuilder of Jericho (Hiel) I Kings 16:34 Qr (Kt שׂגיב; Ζεγουβ; 𝔊L om. v.).

of Judah I Chronicles 2:21, I Chronicles 2:22 (Σερουχ, 𝔊L Σεγουβ).

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שָׂדַי

n.m. ^{Psalms 96:12} field, land (rare orig. form of שָׂדֶה (q.v. infr.), only poet.);—abs. שׂ׳ Jeremiah 4:17, שָׂדָ֑י Hosea 10:4 +;—

cultivated field Hosea 12:12, also Hosea 10:4 (si vera l., but v. Now), yielding food Deuteronomy 32:13 Lamentations 4:9; שֹׁמְרֵי שׂ׳ Jeremiah 4:17 keepers, watchmen, of a field.

home of wild beasts: בְּהֵמוֹת שׂ׳ Psalms 8:8 Joel 2:22, חַיְתוֹ שׂ׳ Isaiah 56:9 Psalms 104:11, זִיז שׂ׳ Psalms 50:11; Psalms 80:14.

plain, opp. mt., Jeremiah 18:14 (but dub., Co Du שִׂרְיֹן).

land, opp. sea, Psalms 96:12 (cf. שָׂדֶה 3; ‖ תֵּבֵל Psalms 98:7).

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שָׂדֶה

n.m. Leviticus 27:24 id. (ordinary contr. form Ges^{§ 84 a f});—abs. שׂ׳ Genesis 2:5^(×2) +; cstr. שְׂדֵה Genesis 14:7 +; sf. שָׂדִי Jeremiah 32:7, Jeremiah 32:8, שָֽׂדְךָ Deuteronomy 11:15 +, שָׂדֶ֑ךָ Deuteronomy 24:19 Leviticus 25:3, etc.; pl. שָׂדוֹת I Samuel 22:7 +, cstr. שְׂדוֹת Nehemiah 12:29; also שְׂדֵי II Samuel 1:21; Isaiah 32:12; Ruth 1:1 + 8 times (some might be sg. = שְׂדֵה cf. Ba^{ZMG xiii (1888), 351} SS Buhl; note, e.g. שְׂדֵי Ruth 1:6, = שְׂדֵה v b; Ruth 4:3; but v. Kö^{ii. 1, 77}); sf. שְׂדֹתֶיהָ Nehemiah 11:30, etc.; also שָׂדֶיךָ I Kings 2:26, שָׂדֵינוּ Micah 2:4;—

open field, country:

pasture-land Genesis 29:2; Genesis 30:16; Exodus 9:3 (all J), Deuteronomy 11:15; I Samuel 11:5 + 10 times J, JE.

unfrequented Genesis 24:63, Genesis 24:65, exposed to violence Genesis 4:8 (J), II Samuel 14:6; Deuteronomy 21:1; Deuteronomy 22:25, Deuteronomy 22:27, to wild beasts Exodus 22:30 (E), Ezekiel 33:27.

specif. home of beasts: II Samuel 17:8; Jeremiah 14:5; especially phr. חַיַּת הַשּׂ׳ Genesis 2:19, Genesis 2:20; Genesis 3:1, Genesis 3:14 (all J) of beasts in gen., and, of wild beasts, Exodus 23:11, Exodus 23:29 (E), Hosea 2:14, Hosea 2:20; Hosea 4:3; Hosea 13:8; Deuteronomy 7:22; Leviticus 26:22 (H), Job 5:23 (‖ חַיַּת הָאָרֶץ), + 16 times; בֶּהֱמַת הַשּׂ׳ I Samuel 17:44 cf. Joel 1:20; אַיְלוֹת הַשּׂ׳ Song of Songs 2:7; Song of Songs 3:5, cf. הַצְּבָיִם אֲשֶׁר בַּשּׂ׳ II Samuel 2:18; hunting-ground Genesis 25:29; Genesis 27:3, Genesis 27:5 (all JE), cf. אִישׁ שׂ׳ Genesis 25:27 (JE; ‖ אִישׁ יֹדֵעַ צַיִד).

yielding plants and trees: Genesis 25:27 (JE), Genesis 30:14 (J), Exodus 10:5 (JE), II Kings 4:39; Ezekiel 21:2; Ezekiel 39:10; especially phr. עֵשֶׂב הַשּׂ׳ Genesis 2:5; Genesis 3:18 (both J), + 6 times + ע׳ בַּשּׂ׳ Zechariah 10:1; שִׂיחַ הַשּׂ׳ Genesis 2:5, גֶּפֶן שׂ׳ II Kings 4:39, פַּקֻּעֹת שׂ׳ v II Kings 4:39, צִיץ הַשּׂ׳ Isaiah 40:15 Psalms 103:15, צֶמַח הַשּׂ׳ Ezekiel 16:7; עֵץ חַשּׂ׳ (4 times עֲצֵי) Exodus 9:25 (JE), Deuteronomy 20:19; Leviticus 26:4 (H) Isaiah 55:12 + 8 times; II Samuel 1:21 v. תְּרוּמָה, √ רום.

stony, אַבְנֵי הַשּׂ׳ Job 5:23.

open country, outside of walled city Judges 9:32, Judges 9:42, Judges 9:43, Judges 9:44; Judges 19:16; I Samuel 19:3; I Samuel 20:5, I Samuel 20:11^(×2), I Samuel 20:24, I Samuel 20:35; II Kings 7:12 Micah 4:10; as battle-ground Joshua 8:24 (J), II Samuel 10:8 = I Chronicles 19:9; II Samuel 11:23; II Samuel 18:6, outside of military camp I Samuel 4:2; I Samuel 14:15; opp. city (in formula) I Kings 14:11; I Kings 16:4; I Kings 21:24; Jeremiah 14:18; Ezekiel 7:15; שְׂדֵה אֶרֶץ Leviticus 25:31; as site of small town, country-town I Samuel 27:5 (opp. royal city), cf. I Chronicles 27:25; of high places, גְּבָעוֹת בַּשּׂ׳ Jeremiah 13:27; quite gen., I Samuel 30:11; Jeremiah 40:7, Jeremiah 40:13; including road Judges 20:31; I Kings 11:29; Jeremiah 6:25; disting. from road Numbers 22:23 (JE), II Samuel 20:12; outside houses and courtyards Exodus 8:9 (P), I Samuel 25:15; בַּשּׂ׳ nearly = outdoors Exodus 1:14 (P), Judges 13:9; of surface of country or ground, בַּשּׂ׳ Exodus 16:25 (JE); = עַל־פְּנֵי הַמִּדְבָּר v Exodus 16:14), cf. I Samuel 14:25; so עַל־פְּנֵי הַשּׂ׳ (אֶל) II Kings 9:37; Jeremiah 9:22; Ezekiel 29:5 (‖ הַמִּדְבָּ֫רָה), Ezekiel 32:4; Ezekiel 39:5; sample phr. opp. house, comfort, etc., II Samuel 11:11; Ezekiel 16:5, opp. city Leviticus 14:7, Leviticus 14:53, opp. tent Numbers 19:16 (all P), opp. tent of meeting Leviticus 17:5 (H).

= expanse of country, opp. mt., in phr. מְרוֹמֵי שׂ׳ Judges 5:18; הֲרָרִי בַּשּׂ׳ Jeremiah 17:3 (of Jerus.) is dub.; cf. לְעִי הַשּׂ׳ Micah 1:6 (Je 18:14 v. שָׂדַי).

definite portion of ground, field, land:

cultivated ground Genesis 37:7 (E), Genesis 47:24 (J; זֶרַע הַשָּׂדֶה), Exodus 22:4^(×3), Exodus 22:5 (E), Leviticus 27:16, Leviticus 27:17 (P), Micah 3:12 (in sim.) Ruth 2:2 + 47 times, + שְׂדֵי תְרוּמוֹת II Samuel 1:21, שׂ׳־זָ֑רַע Ezekiel 17:5, שָׂדֶה טוֹב v Ezekiel 17:8 good soil.

as private property, Micah 2:2, Micah 2:4; Isaiah 5:8^(×2); Genesis 47:20 (J), Genesis 23:9, Genesis 23:11, Genesis 23:13 (P) + 50 times, + II Chronicles 26:23 (as burial-place); also חֶלְקַת (הַ)שּׂ׳, v. חֶלְקָה; and שׂ׳ צֹפִים, v. צפה.

city-land, adjacent to city (town) and subject to its control: Genesis 41:48 (E), Leviticus 25:34 (P), Joshua 21:12 (P) = I Chronicles 6:41; Nehemiah 11:25; Nehemiah 11:30; Nehemiah 12:39, Nehemiah 12:44; specif. of Zoan Psalms 78:12, Psalms 78:43.

territory of nation, tribe: Genesis 32:4; Numbers 21:20 (both JE), Judges 5:4; Ruth 1:1, Ruth 1:2; Genesis 14:7 + 13 times + שְׂדֵה נַחֲלַת יִשׂ׳ Judges 20:6.

personal estate of king, II Samuel 9:7; II Samuel 19:30.

land, opp. sea, I Chronicles 16:32 (opp. הַיָּם; = שָׂדַי Psalms 96:12), perhaps also mainland Ezekiel 26:6, Ezekiel 26:8 (Co Krae Toy al.; not Sm).

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שֶׂה

n.m. ^{Genesis 30:32} and (less often) f. ^{Jeremiah 50:17} one of a flock, a sheep (or goat) (Assyrian šuʾu, Arabic شَاةٌ, pl. شَآءٌ, شِوَاهٌ, etc. (also wild ox), cf. Egyptian sau, sheep Bondi⁶⁵, cf. Id.^{Ba NB § 2 b δ});—abs. שֶׂה Genesis 30:32 +, cstr. שֵׂה Isaiah 43:23 +; sf. שֵׂיוֹ Deuteronomy 22:1, שְׂיֵ֫הוּ I Samuel 14:34; not in pl.;—

a sheep, or goat, nom. unit. of צֹאן: as property Genesis 30:32^(×2) (E; + צֹאן coll., כְּשָׂבִים, עִזִּים), Exodus 21:37^(×2) (+ שׁוֹר, צֹאן coll.), Exodus 22:3 (+ שׁוֹר, חֲמוֹר), v Exodus 22:8 (id.), v Exodus 22:9 (id.; all E); Deuteronomy 22:1 (+ שׁוֹר), I Samuel 17:34 (זה Kt van d. H. erron., v. Baer Dr), roaming pasture Isaiah 7:25, straying Psalms 119:176 (sim.), slaughtered Isaiah 53:7 (in sim.); + שׁוֹר, חֲמוֹר Judges 6:4; I Samuel 22:19; Joshua 6:21 (J), + id. + גָּמָל I Samuel 15:3; as sacrifice Genesis 22:7, Genesis 22:8 (J), Exodus 13:13; Leviticus 5:12; Leviticus 12:8; Numbers 15:11 (שׂ׳ בַּכְּבָשִׂים אוֹ בָּעִזִּים; all P), Deuteronomy 18:3 (+ שׁוֹר), Isaiah 43:23; Isaiah 66:3 (+ שׁוֹר), מִן־הַצֹּאן Ezekiel 45:15; cf. Exodus 34:19 (+ שׁוֹר), v Exodus 34:20 (J), Leviticus 27:26 (P; + שׁוֹר); fit for sacrifice Leviticus 22:28 (H); unfit v Leviticus 22:23 (H), Deuteronomy 17:1 (both + שׁוֹר); as food I Samuel 14:34 (+ שׁוֹר), שׂ׳ כְּשָׂבִים וְשׂ׳ עִזִּים Deuteronomy 14:4 (+ id.); for passover Exodus 12:3^(×2), Exodus 12:4^(×2), Exodus 12:5 (P); fig. of Isr. Ezekiel 34:17^(×2) (‖ אֵילִים, עַתּוּדִים), v Ezekiel 34:20^(×2), Ezekiel 34:22^(×2).

coll. flock: שֶׂה פְזוּרָה Jeremiah 50:17 (= צֹאן אֹבְדוֹת v Jeremiah 50:6).

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שׂוּט

vb. swerve, fall away (akin to שָׂטָה q.v.; NH סוּט Hiph. is shake, move away; Assyrian šâṭu, rebel, Meissn⁹⁰; Ethiopic ሦጠ: bring back, restore; in 𝔗 apostatize is סְטָא);—

Pt. pl. cstr. וְשָׂטֵי כָזָב Psalms 40:5 those falling away to falsehood (Gunk^{Schöpf. 40} וְשָׂטָה).

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שֵׂט

n.[m.

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שׂוּךְ

vb. hedge or fence up, about (= II. סוּךְ, q.v.);—

Pf. 2 ms. שַׂכְתָּ בַעֲדוֹ Job 1:10 hast fenced him about (protectingly); Pt. שָׂךְ Hosea 2:8 I will hedge up (obstruct) thy way (acc.).

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שׂוֹךְ

n.[m.] branch or brushwood;—sf. 3 ms. שׂוֹכֹה Judges 9:49 (Ges^{§ 91 e}; but v. GFM Bu).

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שׂוֹכָה

n.f. id.,—cstr. שׂוֹכַת עֵצִים Judges 9:48 + perhaps abs. שׂוֹכָה v Judges 9:49 (so 𝔊 Doorn for MT שׂוֹכֹה).

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שׂוֹכֹה

n.pr.loc. in Judah:

in Shephelah, שׂוֹכֹה Joshua 15:35; I Samuel 17:1^(×2) (from 𝔊 Σοκχωθ HPS (after We, cf. Dr) conj. שׂכות), שׂוֹכוֹ II Chronicles 11:7; II Chronicles 28:18, perhaps also שֹׂכֹה I Kings 4:10 (Buhl Benz SS [‘perhaps’]; Th Kit sub 2); mod. Eš-Šuwēke, SSE. from Beth Shemesh, in Wady-es-Sanṭ Rob^{BR i.494} Buhl^Geogr.194; Σωχω, Σοκχωθ, etc.

in hill-country, Joshua 15:48 (Kt שׂוכה, Qr שׂוכוֹ), prob. also שׂוֹכוֹ I Chronicles 4:18 (‘son’ of חֶבֶר); mod. Šuwêke, 4 h. S. of חֶבְרוֹן Rob^{BR ii. 16. 21} Buhl^{Geogr. 164}; Σωχω(ν).

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שׂוּכָתִים

adj. gent. m. pl. a family of scribes I Chronicles 2:55; Σωχαθιειμ, 𝔊L Σουχαθειμ.

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שׂוּם

vb. put, place, set (cf. Nö^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 532}; NH סוּם Pi. designate, fix, שׂום Ecclus 45:5c; 49:6; Ph. שם, Assyrian šâmu, fix, determine; Sab. שׂים set, set up, SabDenkm^{No. 7, 1. 6} CIS^{iv. 1}; Arabic شَامَ (ى) is insert, sheathe, also compute; Ethiopic ሤመ: put, place; 𝔗 שׂוּם, Syriac ܣܳܡ, Old Aramaic שים);—

Pf. 3 ms. שָׂם Genesis 21:14 + (II Chronicles 1:5 read שָׂם 𝔊 𝔙 Gi Be Kau Benz), sf. שָׂמוֹ Ezekiel 17:4 +, שָׂמָ֫הוּ Ezekiel 7:20; 3 fs. שָׂ֫מָה I Samuel 19:13, sf. שָׂמָ֫תְהוּ Ezekiel 19:5; Ezekiel 24:7; 2 ms. שַׂמְתָּ Jeremiah 32:20 +; 3 pl. שָׂמוּ Genesis 40:15 +; 1 pl. שַׂמְנוּ Isaiah 28:15, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָשׂוּם Exodus 4:11, יָשִׂים Genesis 30:42 +, יָשִׂם Job 23:6; juss. יָשֵׂם I Samuel 22:15 +; וַיָּ֫שֶׂם Genesis 2:8 +; sf. יְשִׂמֵנִי II Samuel 15:4, וַיְשִׂימְךָ I Kings 10:9; 2 fs. וַתָּשִׂימִי Isaiah 51:23; וָאָשִׂים I Samuel 28:21 +, וָאָשִׂ֫ימָה Ezra 8:17; Judges 12:3 Qr (Kt ואישׂמה); 2 mpl. תָּשִׂימוּ Genesis 32:17 +, תְּשִׂימ֫וּן Exodus 22:24 +, etc.; Imv. ms. שִׂים Genesis 24:2 +, etc.; Inf. abs. שׂוֹם Deuteronomy 17:15 +, cstr. שׂוּם Genesis 44:7 +, שִׂים Job 20:4 + II Samuel 14:7 Qr (Kt שׂום), שׂימו Isaiah 10:6 Kt (Qr שׂוּמוֹ), etc.; Pt. שָׂם Amos 7:8 +, fs. הַשָּׂמָ֫ה Isaiah 51:10 (so read for MT הַשָּׂ֫מָה); pl. שָׂמִים Malachi 2:2 +; pass. שִׂים Numbers 24:21 (cf. Di), Obadiah 1:4; f. according to most שׂוּמָה II Samuel 13:32 (van d. H. שׂימה Kt), but v. infr.; שִׂימָ֫ה Psalms 56:9 Bae Buhl, but most Imv. ms.;—put, set (often ‖ נָתָן 2, q.v.), c. acc. pers. vel rei (expr. or impl.):

put, set, in a place, + שָׁם Genesis 2:8 (J), + acc. loc. Genesis 28:11 (E) + 5 times +, c. 2 acc. + loc., II Kings 10:8 heads (in) heaps at (acc. loc.), cf. Leviticus 24:6 (עַל); + ב Genesis 40:15 (E), fig. of י׳, put his name, בִּירוּשׁ׳ II Kings 21:7 = II Chronicles 33:7, cf. c. שָׁם I Kings 9:3; Deuteronomy 12:5 + 6 times; especially ב of receptacle Genesis 31:34 (E), Exodus 2:3 (E), Judges 6:19 + often; sackcloth on (ב) loins Genesis 37:34 (J), I Kings 20:31, crown on head Zechariah 6:11; Esther 1:17, shoes on feet Ezekiel 24:17; hook, etc., in nose II Kings 19:28 = Isaiah 37:29; Job 40:26, incense בְּאַפֶּ֑ךָ Deuteronomy 33:10, i.e. cause thee (י׳) to smell it; feet in stocks (fig.) Job 13:27; Job 33:11; knife into throat Proverbs 23:2 (fig. of self-restraint, Fl in De); words into mouth Exodus 4:15 (J), Numbers 22:38 (E) + 8 times, + Deuteronomy 31:19 teach to say or sing; into heart Job 22:22, ins. also I Samuel 29:10 𝔊 Th We Dr Kit Bu HPS; trust in God Psalms 78:7; (guilt of) blood into house Deuteronomy 22:8, cf. Judges 9:24 (עַל pers.; so, c. נָתַן Deuteronomy 21:8; Jeremiah 26:15; Jonah 1:14); something into hand Exodus 4:21 (E), of wonders, i.e. enable hand to do them; elsewhere = take, of hammer Judges 4:21, booty I Kings 20:6, so (fig.) take one’s life (נֶפֶשׁ) into one’s palm (i.e. risk it) Judges 12:3; I Samuel 19:5; I Samuel 28:21; Job 13:14; put eyes בַּפּוּךְ II Kings 9:30 (v. פּוּךְ, cf. Isaiah 54:11); נֶפֶשׁ (= person), בַּחַיִּים Psalms 66:9 (subj. י׳); set men at (the use of) implements II Samuel 12:31 (prob., cf. Dr HPS; > וַיָּשַׂר(ם) sawed them with, as ‖ I Chronicles 20:3, Th We); I Kings 2:5 (‖ נתן) is dub.; 𝔊L Klo Kit read וַיִּקֹּם; charge something against (ב pers.; properly put in, i.e. attribute, impute, to) I Samuel 22:15; Job 4:18; so, c. ל pers. Deuteronomy 22:14, cf. (ל om.) v Deuteronomy 22:17; put בְּקֶרֶב Amos 7:8; Isaiah 63:11, בְּתוֹךְ Ezekiel 26:12.

put something upon (עַל) Numbers 21:8, Numbers 21:9 (E) + often; jewels, clothes, on person Genesis 24:17 (J), Genesis 41:42 (E), Leviticus 8:8 (P), Ruth 3:3, turban Zechariah 3:5^(×2); Exodus 29:5 (P), Leviticus 8:9 (P) cf. (prep. om.) Job 24:15; Job 36:13 (fig.), girdle Jeremiah 13:1, Jeremiah 13:2, sackcloth I Kings 21:27; שׂ׳ אָדָם עַל־הָאָרֶץ Job 20:4 (of man’s creation); of siege and siege engines, עַל = against, Micah 4:14; Ezekiel 4:2; Ezekiel 23:24; put, lay, upon (עַל), II Kings 4:29 +; hand Genesis 48:18 (J) + 3 times, + upon mouth, in silence Judges 18:19; Job 21:5, and awe Micah 7:16, so c. ל Job 29:9, לְמוֹ Job 40:4, Job 40, upon (עַל) head II Samuel 13:19 (in despair, cf. Jeremiah 2:37); acc. of disease Exodus 15:26 (J), so (ב pers.) v Exodus 15:26 Deuteronomy 7:16; fig., spirit (עַל) Numbers 11:17 (JE), name Numbers 6:27 (P), duty Job 37:15 (?), reproach I Samuel 11:2, רָעָה תַּחַת טוֹבָה Psalms 109:5 (𝔖 Bae וַיָשִׁיבוּ, so, or וַיְשַׁלְּמוּ, Hup Che); שׂ׳ עַל לֵב Song of Songs 8:6 (sim.), so, fig., = remember, treasure up, Isaiah 42:25; Isaiah 47:7 (‖ זָכַר), + 6 times, c. אֶל II Samuel 13:33; II Samuel 19:20 (‖ id.); c. ב I Samuel 21:13; cf. שׂ׳ בְּאָזְנֵי Exodus 17:14 (E), impress upon.

put, lay, set, c. ל, II Kings 11:16 lay (violent) hands on = II Chronicles 23:15; put end to Job 18:2; Job 28:3; set לְמָרוֹם Job 5:11; render glory to Joshua 7:19 (JE; ‖ נָתַן), Isaiah 42:12; make covenant with II Samuel 23:5; set food for Genesis 43:32 (J), II Samuel 12:20, prep. om. Genesis 43:31 (J), so c. לִפְנֵי I Samuel 9:24; I Samuel 28:22; II Kings 6:22; שׂ׳ לִפְנֵי elsewhere Judges 18:21, of precedence Genesis 48:20 (E); set laws (as authoritative) לִפְנֵי Exodus 19:7; Exodus 21:1 (both E), Deuteronomy 4:44; God (as moral ruler) לְנֶגְדָּם Psalms 54:5; Psalms 86:14; שׂ׳ נֶגֶד also Genesis 31:37 (E), נֹכַח Ezekiel 14:4, Ezekiel 14:7; לְעֵינֵי Genesis 30:41 (J).

put, c. בֵּין Joshua 24:7 (E) + 5 times (Exodus 8:19 v. פְּדוּת p. 804), + Genesis 30:36 (J), Genesis 32:17 (E), put space between; c. תַּחַת Exodus 17:12 (E), + 3 times (Obadiah 1:7 del. לַחְמְךָ We GASm Now al.) + שׂ׳ יָד תַּחַת יָרֵךְ in oath Genesis 24:2, Genesis 24:9; Genesis 47:29 (all J); put, c. אֶל loc. I Samuel 6:11, I Samuel 6:15; I Samuel 19:13 Habakkuk 2:15, אֶל pers. Job 5:8 commit unto; c. אֵצֶל rei Leviticus 6:3 (P), מִצַּד rei Deuteronomy 31:26 (P); שׂ׳ עִמְּךָ I Samuel 9:23 lay up something with thee, reserve it; put, c. יַחַד Micah 2:12 put together = collect (‖ אָסַף, קִבֵּץ); without modifier I Kings 18:23, I Kings 18:25; Job 14:15; Ezekiel 30:21 apply bandage (‖ נָתַן).

set, direct:

sword against (ב) Judges 7:22; fig. extend compassion, ל pers. Isaiah 47:6

direct לֵב, לֵבָב (mind) toward, pay attention to, c. ל, Deuteronomy 32:46; I Samuel 9:20; Ezekiel 40:4; Ezekiel 44:5; c. אֶל Exodus 9:21 (J), I Samuel 25:25; II Samuel 18:3^(×2); Job 2:3; Job 34:14 (Bu Du del. לֵב and read יָשִׁיב רוּחוֹ); c. עַל Haggai 1:5, Haggai 1:7; Job 1:8; compl. om. Ezekiel 44:5 a Haggai 2:15, Haggai 2:18^(×2); Isaiah 41:22; Judges 19:30 read perhaps לְבַבְכֶם for לָכֶם (or עֵצָה for עֻצוּ); לֵב om. Job 4:20, Isaiah 41:20 (+ רָאָה, יָדַע, הִשְׂכִּיל), c. ב pers. Job 23:6 (so Bu, who cps. Job 4:20; Job 24:12; Job 34:23, but all cases dub.); שִׂים לֵב, c. עַל = intend Daniel 1:8 (obj. cl.).

set face (פָּנִים) toward (acc. loc.) Genesis 31:21 (E), + לָבוֹא Jeremiah 42:15^(×2), Jeremiah 42:17; Jeremiah 44:12, cf. II Kings 12:18; Daniel 11:17; c. אֶל, toward or against (implying opposition) Ezekiel 6:2 + 5 times Ez, c. עַל Ezekiel 29:2; Ezekiel 35:2, c. דֶּרֶךְ of direction Ezekiel 21:2; c. ב (fig. of oppos., subj. י׳): הִנְנִי שָׂם פָּנַי בָּכֶם לְרָעָה Jeremiah 44:11, cf. Jeremiah 21:10 Ezekiel 15:7 (‖ נתן), Leviticus 20:5 (P); c. ל rei (human subj.) Daniel 11:18 Qr (< Kt ישׁב); c. עַל pers. + לִמְלֹךְ of purpose I Kings 2:15; set eyes (עֵינַים) upon, c. עַל pers. = behold Genesis 44:21 (J), = look after, take care of, Jeremiah 39:12; Jeremiah 40:4, לְטוֹבָה Jeremiah 24:6, but לְרָעָה Amos 9:4.

set, ordain, c. acc. rei Numbers 24:23 (> acc. pers. Di).

set, establish a law, statute, + ל pers. Exodus 15:25; Joshua 24:25 (both E), cf. Proverbs 8:29; + ב loc. Isaiah 42:4 Psalms 78:5 (‖ הֵקִים), also Psalms 81:6; Jeremiah 33:25 + II Samuel 20:19 (שָׂמוּ for שְׁלֻמֵי 𝔊 Ew We Kit Bu HPS, cf. Dr); establish something as (ל) law Genesis 47:26 (J), I Samuel 30:25 (+ ל pers.); establish bazaars (as a right), ב loc., I Kings 20:34; appoint a set time Exodus 9:5 (J), Job 34:23 (reading מוֹעֵד for עוֹד GHBWr Bu), ins. (perhaps) I Samuel 13:8 so Dr Klo HPS (> ins. אמר Th We Bu Kit, after 𝔊 𝔗); a place, + ל pers. Exodus 21:13; II Samuel 7:10 = I Chronicles 17:9, ל rei I Kings 8:21 (+ שָׁם).

set, found a nation, Isaiah 44:7 (si vera l.), establish it Psalms 89:30 (לָעַד).

set, appoint (as ruler, official) + עַל pers. vel gent., Exodus 1:11; Exodus 18:21 (all E), Deuteronomy 17:14, Deuteronomy 17:15^(×3); Judges 11:11 (+ ל of office), II Samuel 17:25 (+ תַּחַת instead of) + 6 times + Genesis 47:6 (J; second acc. = ruler, expressed), II Samuel 23:23 (אֶל), עַל in ‖ I Chronicles 11:25; also 2 acc. + ל and ב loc. Psalms 105:21, ב loc. II Samuel 15:4; II Chronicles 33:14, בְּרֹאשׁ at the head of, Deuteronomy 1:13, Deuteronomy 1:2 acc. alone Song of Songs 1:6; c.acc. pers. + ל pers. Genesis 27:37 (E), Hosea 2:2; I Samuel 8:5 (+ inf.); + ל of title Genesis 45:8, Genesis 45:9 Exodus 2:14 (+ עַל; all E) + 4 times + Judges 8:33 (+ ל pers.), + Ezekiel 44:8 (perhaps read וַתְּשִׂימוּם Hi Sm Co and most); + ל of purpose Habakkuk 1:12; + ב of position, ל pers. I Samuel 8:11; c. acc. of office alone I Samuel 8:12 (+ ל pers.), so Co Ezekiel 21:27 (שָׂרִים for כָּרִים, v. כַּר sub כרר), I Kings 20:24 (+ תחת), cf. II Chronicles 23:18, + עַל, אֶל, of task Numbers 4:19 (P); Job 7:20 set me as (ל) mark for (ל) him.

set, constitute, make, c. כ pers. vel rei, Genesis 13:16 (J) I will make thy seed as the dust, Genesis 32:13 (J) Genesis 48:20 (E), Deuteronomy 10:22; Hosea 11:8 + 16 times + (bad sense) Hosea 2:5; Nahum 3:6; I Kings 19:2.

set, determine, fix, bounds Jeremiah 5:22 (2 acc.) Job 38:5, Job 38:33 Psalms 104:9; pass. determined, settled, + עַל־פֶּה II Samuel 13:32 (but v. II. שׂום); appoint, send, frogs לְפַרְעֹה Exodus 8:8 (J), c. acc. pers. + עַל against II Kings 18:14.

set, station, at a post, etc., acc. pers. Joshua 8:13 (JE), + ב loc. II Kings 10:24; Jeremiah 9:7 + 5 times, + adv. acc. Genesis 33:2 (J), + בֵּין loc. Joshua 8:12, + ל (against) and אַחֲרֵי loc. v Joshua 8:2 (both JE), + ל against Judges 9:25 (+ עַל loc.), + אֶל against Judges 20:29, Judges 20:36; doubtful are I Samuel 15:2 (c.ל pers.), I Kings 20:12^(×2) (עַל־הָעִיר), where no obj. expr. (in MT); either an obj. has fallen out, or vb. (in techn. military sense), here intrans. or inwardly trans. (Dl ^{ZK ii. 397} forward! take direction toward; cf.also [on Sm] We Dr Löhr), or else שׂ׳ is corrupt (cf.HPS^Sm).

put in position, sacred bread, sword, staves, bars, c.acc. I Samuel 21:7; Ezekiel 21:27; Numbers 4:6, Numbers 4:8, Numbers 4:11, Numbers 4:14 + 4 times P, Job 38:10; + עַל Exodus 32:27 (E), Exodus 40:20 (P), מִמַּעַל ל Jeremiah 43:10, מֵעַל Esther 3:1; + (various modifiers) 8 times; set in place, תֵּבֵל Job 34:13 (De al.), but context favours שָׁמַר Bu; Du שׂ׳ לִבּוֹ בְּתֵבֵל.

set up throne I Kings 2:19, altars Jeremiah 11:13, memorial stone Genesis 18:18 (J), Genesis 28:22 (E), I Samuel 7:12 (cf.הֵקִים Genesis 31:45 +), image, etc. Judges 18:31 (‖ הֵקִים), Deuteronomy 27:15; I Kings 12:29 (ב loc., ‖ נָתַן), II Kings 21:7 (ב loc.) = II Chronicles 33:7, cf. Psalms 74:4; Isaiah 57:8 and, + ב loc., Jeremiah 7:30; Jeremiah 32:34; rods before (לְעֵינֵי) cattle Genesis 30:41 (‖ וַיַּצֵּג v Genesis 30:38), cf. v Genesis 30:42, guide-posts Jeremiah 31:21, bed II Kings 4:10 (+ ל pers.).

= plant, wheat Isaiah 28:25, tree Isaiah 41:19 (ב loc.; ‖ נָתַן), slip Ezekiel 17:5 (עַל by).

set, fix (countenance) II Kings 8:11, so usually, but acc. om., and sense dub.; read perhaps וַיִּשֹּׁם (√ שׁמם, cf. e.g. I Kings 9:8), so Klo Kmp Kit Benz.

make a thing, or pers. (acc.), for transform into (ל), Joshua 6:18 (J) make camp לְחֵרֶם, Micah 1:6 make Samaria לְעִי, Genesis 21:13, Genesis 21:18 (E), Exodus 14:21 (JE), Micah 4:7 (both good sense), Isaiah 28:17; Isaiah 42:15, Isaiah 42:16 + 12 times Is. (Isaiah 25:2 read עִיר for מֵעִיר Vrss Comm.), Jeremiah 2:7 + 8 times Je, + 14 times + Judges 1:28 they made the Can. into the corvée; וְיָשֵׂם לְדֶרֶךְ פְּעָמָיו Psalms 85:14 maketh his steps into a way (so RV Hup Che Dr, but meaning obscure; De Bae attend to the way of (לֵב om.); Schr Hup-Now read וְיִשְׁמֹר ד׳); c. 2 acc. Joshua 8:28 (J), Psalms 39:9; Psalms 66:2 Micah 1:7; Micah 4:13 I Kings 5:23 (prægn. c. עַד loc.), + 29 times

make, constitute, 2 acc., I Samuel 8:1; I Samuel 18:13 (+ ל pers.) I Samuel 22:7 (לְכֻלְּכֶם, ל of acc.; or < read וְכֻלְּכֶם), Isaiah 3:7; Isaiah 60:17 + 6 times, + I Samuel 11:11 form people in bands, cf. Job 1:17 (one acc., form bands), + (acc. pers. om.) Exodus 4:11 (J), cf. (beast, in fig.) Ezekiel 19:5; Ezekiel 19:2 acc. and acc. + ל in same ver., Isaiah 54:12 I will make rubies thy pinnacles, and (transform) thy gates into carbuncles; in phr. of naming, שָׂם שְׁמוֹ יִשְׂרָאֵל II Kings 17:34, cf. Judges 8:31; Nehemiah 9:7; c. ל, וַיָּשֶׂם לָהֶם שֵׁמוֹת Daniel 1:7, וַיּ׳ לְדָנִיֵּאל בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר v Daniel 1:7; make, fashion, c. acc. rei + ל pers. Exodus 4:11 (J; י׳ subj.); grave Nahum 1:14 (but on text and meaning v. Now Bi ^{SB Wiener Akkadian 1894, Abh. v}); c. acc. דֶּרֶךְ Isaiah 43:19 (ב loc.), cf. Ezekiel 21:24, Ezekiel 21:25 (+ ל inf.); Psalms 50:23 is dub., usually order (one’s) way, De Dr prepare way (which), etc., Gr Che תֹּם for שָׂם; make name + ל pers. II Samuel 7:23 = I Chronicles 17:21, II Samuel 14:7; make for, ל pers. (or give to), c.acc. of posterity Genesis 45:7 (E); I Samuel 2:20 read prob. יְשַׁלֵּם 𝔊 We Kit Bu HPS, cf. Dr; Ezra 10:44 is obscure, Gu-Batten del. וַיָּשִׂימוּ and read וַיְשַׁלְּחוּ bef. נָשִׁים, cf. 3 Esdr 9:36 Be Ry Ryle.

work, bring to pass, c. acc. rei, of י׳’s signs, etc., + ב loc. Exodus 10:2 (J), Jeremiah 32:20; Isaiah 66:19 Psalms 46:9; Psalms 78:43; Psalms 105:27.

appoint, give, acc. rei Numbers 6:26 (P), Isaiah 61:3 (‖ נָתַן; both c. ל pers.); a pledge Job 17:3 (‖ עָרְבֵנִי go surety for me, but read perhaps עֶרְבֹנִי as obj., v. p. 786 b); וְשׂוֹם שֵׂכֶל Nehemiah 8:3 giving understanding (making sense clear).

Pf. 1 s. consec. וַהֲשִׂמֹתִיהוּ Ezekiel 14:8, acc. pers. + ל, I will make him for a sign (< שׁ for שׂ van d. H., √ שׁמם; Co Berthol Toy וְשַׂמְתִּיהוּ (Qal), Krae וְהִשְׁמַדְתִּיהוּ); Imv. fs. הָשִׂימִי Ezekiel 21:21, prob. del as dittogr. Co Krae after 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 𝔗 Nö ^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 530} (> Bö Toy al. הִקְדִּימוּ); Pt. מֵשִׂים Job 4:20 = Qal (לֵב) שׂום (v 2 b), but phr. dub., and text perhaps crpt., v. Me Nö^l.c..

Impf. 3 ms. וַיּוּשַׂם Genesis 24:33 Qr (Kt ויישׂם Ges^{§ 73 f}) there was set before him (לְפָנָיו) to eat, cf. Ol ^{MB Ak. 1870, 389} Kö ^{i. 435}, who read also וַיּוּשַׂם Genesis 50:26 he was laid in (ב) a mummycase (for MT וַיִּישֶׂם Di ^{(ed. 4.5.6)} allows this.

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שׂוּמָה

(van d. H. שׂימה Kt) perhaps n.f. token of unluckiness, scowl;—II Samuel 13:32, so Ew^{G iii. 234, H. 172} (abbrev. from שׂמאל; or emend. שִׂטְמָה) We RS^{Ency. Brit. (9) DAVID} Kit, cf. Dr HPS.

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שׂוּר

vb. saw (‖ form of נָשַׂר; denom. from מַשּׂוֹר?);—

Impf. 3 ms. וַיָּשַׂר I Chronicles 20:3 (but v. שׂים 1 a).—Hosea 9:12 v. סור; Judges 9:22; Hosea 8:4 v. שׂרר; Hosea 12:5 v. שׂרה.

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שׂוֹרָה

Isaiah 28:25 prob. dittogr. for foll. שְׂעֹרָה (Koppe We Che al.; 𝔊 𝔖 om.); > 𝔙 Ges Di al. in rows (adv. acc.; but NH שׁוּרָה, Arabic سُورٌ, Lag ^{GGN, 1889, 298}; cf. Vogelst ^{Landwirthsch. 41} who favours שׁ׳ in Is. More plausible would be some grian, as שורה Zinj. Inscr., Lzb³⁷⁴ Sachau ^{Panammu 23}).

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שׂוּשׂ

vb. exult, rejoice (Nö ^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 536} der. (‘perhaps’) from interj., as شَأْشَأْ an enticing call, so Gerber²⁰);—

Pf. 3 ms. שָׂשׂ Deuteronomy 28:63 +, 1 s. שַׂשְׂתִּי Psalms 119:14, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָשִׂישׂ Deuteronomy 28:63 +, 3 mpl. יְשֻׂשׂוּם Isaiah 35:1 (Ges^{§ 47 n} Kö ^{i. 510}, but ם erron. Kenn Ol ^{§ 244 a}, prob. dittogr., so Lo Hi Gr Che^Hpt. Marti), etc.; Imv. fs. שִׂישִׂי Lamentations 4:2, mpl. שִׂישׂוּ Isaiah 65:18; Isaiah 66:10; Inf. abs. שׂוֹשׂ Isaiah 61:10; cstr. לָשׂוּשׂ Deuteronomy 30:9;—exult, display joy,c. עַל over, Deuteronomy 28:63^(×2); Deuteronomy 30:9^(×2); Jeremiah 32:41; Isaiah 62:5; Zephaniah 3:17 (+ בְּשִׂמְחָה; ‖ גִּיל), Psalms 119:162; c. ב Isaiah 61:10 (שׂוֹשׂ אָשִׂישׂ), Isaiah 65:19 Psalms 35:9 (all ‖ גִּיל); Psalms 40:17; Psalms 68:4 (+ בְּשִׂמְחָה; ‖ עָלַץ), Psalms 70:5 (all ‖ שָׂמַח); Psalms 119:14; Job 39:21 (horse), Psalms 19:6 (sun, as athlete); c. כִּי and cl. Lamentations 1:21; abs. Isaiah 35:1; Isaiah 65:18 (both ‖ גִּיל), Isaiah 64:4 (but del. שָׂשׂ וְ 𝔊 Gr Du Che^Hpt Marti), Isaiah 66:14; Lamentations 4:21 (‖ שָׂמַת), Job 3:22 (‖ שָׂמַח אֱלֵ י־גִיל), Isaiah 66:10 (acc. cogn.; ‖ גִּיל, שָׂמַח) v Isaiah 66:14. Ezekiel 21:15 is crpt., Co reads לְאַנְשֵׁי (for נָשִׂישׂ), Krae לִנְשִׂיאֵי, other conj. in comm.; on cl. vid. especially Da Toy^{Heb. Hpt.}.

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שָׂשׂוֹן

n.m. ^{Isaiah 51:3} exultation, rejoicing;—abs. שׂ׳ Psalms 45:8 +, שָׂשׂן Esther 8:16; cstr. שְׂשׂוֹן (Sta ^{§ 296 e}) Psalms 51:14; Psalms 119:111;—exultation, joy (especially in י׳’s favour), Joel 1:12; Isaiah 12:3 Psalms 51:14; Psalms 105:43; Psalms 119:111; שֶׁמֶן שׂ׳ (i.e. with which guests were anointed; fig.) Psalms 45:8; Isaiah 61:3 (opp. אֵבֶל); שֵׁם שׂ׳ Jeremiah 33:9 (‖ תְּהִלָּה; on text v. Gie Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 115}); elsewhere ‖ שִׂמְחָה: Jeremiah 7:34; Jeremiah 15:16; Jeremiah 16:9; Jeremiah 25:10; Jeremiah 33:11; Isaiah 22:13 (only here condemned as reckless, wanton), Isaiah 35:10; Isaiah 51:3, Isaiah 51:11 Zechariah 8:19 Psalms 51:10; Esther 8:16, Esther 8:17; ‖ שָׂמַח Jeremiah 31:13 (opp. אֵבֶל).

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שֵׂחַ

v. שִׂיח.

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שָׂ֔חוּ

n.[m.^{Sta § 192 a}] swimming (on format. (and tone) Ges ^{§ 84 a c} Kö^{ii. 1, 60. 497});—מֵי שׂ׳ Ezekiel 47:5.

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שָׂחִיף

adj. (?), doubtful (van d. H. שְׁחִיף; √ unknown);—cstr. שְׂחִיף עֵץ Ezekiel 41:16 usually panelled, wainscotted, with wood; or n. a wainscot of wood, but Co חִפּוּי, Toy חָפוּי (cstr. חֲפוּי).

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שָׂחַק

vb. laugh (‖ צהק, q.v.; NH שָׂחַק, סָחַק; Ethiopic ሠሐቀ: );—

Pf. 3 ms. וְשׂ׳ consec. Proverbs 29:9; 3 pl. שָֽׂחֲקוּ Lamentations 1:7; Job 30:1; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׂחַק Job 39:7 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. שְׂחוֹק Judges 16:27; Ecclesiastes 3:4;—

laugh at, usually in contempt, derision, c. עַל pers. Job 30:1 Psalms 52:8; עַל rei Lamentations 1:7; c. ל pers. God subj. Psalms 37:13; Psalms 59:9 (‖ לָעַג); c. ל rei vel pers. = have no fear of, Habakkuk 1:10; Job 5:22; Proverbs 31:25, also, fig., of noble animals Job 39:7, Job 39:18, Job 39:22; Job 41:21; abs., Proverbs 29:9 (opp. רָגַז), of י׳ Psalms 2:4 (‖ לָעַג), of wisdom Proverbs 1:26 (ב temp.; ‖ id.).

c. אֶל pers., appar. of friendly laugh Job 29:24; in gen. Ecclesiastes 3:4 (opp. בָּכָה).

sport, play, Judges 16:27.

Pf. 1 s. וְשִׂחַקְתִּ֫י I Samuel 6:21; Impf. 3 ms. וַיְשַׂחֶק־ Judges 16:25, etc.; Inf. cstr. לְשַׂחֶק־ Psalms 104:26; Pt. מְשַׂחֵק Proverbs 26:19; I Chronicles 15:29, f. מְשַׂחֶ֫קֶת Proverbs 8:30, Proverbs 8:31; pl. מְשַׂחֲקִים II Samuel 6:5 +, מְשַׂחֲקוֹת I Samuel 18:7;—

make sport, Judges 16:25 (ל pers.) II Samuel 2:14 (לִפְנֵי pers.; in tournament), Proverbs 8:30 (לִפְנֵי), v Proverbs 8:31 (ב loc.).

jest, Proverbs 26:19.

play: incl. instr. music, singing and dancing I Samuel 18:7, c. לִפְנֵי י׳ II Samuel 6:5 (ב instr.), = I Chronicles 13:8, II Samuel 6:21 I Chronicles 15:29 (+ מְרַקֵּד); of merry-making Jeremiah 15:17 (‖ עָלַז), Jeremiah 30:19; Jeremiah 31:4; of children’s sport Zechariah 8:5; of beasts Job 40:20 Psalms 104:26; of man, play with (ב) crocod. Job 40:29.

(declar.) Pt. pl. מַשְׂחִיקִים II Chronicles 30:10 they uttered mockery עֲלֵיהֶם (‖ מַלְעִגִים).

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שְׂחֹק

n.[m.] laughter, derision, sport (proposes inf. cstr.);—abs. שְׂחֹק Jeremiah 48:26 + 5 times; cstr. Ecclesiastes 7:6; abs. שְׂחוֹק Jeremiah 20:7 + 7 times;—

laughter (joyous) Job 8:21 (‖ תְּרוּעָה), Psalms 126:2 (‖ רִנָּה), Ecclesiastes 2:2 (‖ שִׂמְחָה), Ecclesiastes 10:19 (‖ שִׂמֵּחַ); as hollow Proverbs 14:13 (opp. כָּאַב), Ecclesiastes 7:3 (opp. כַּעַס), cf. שׂ׳ הַכְּסִיל v Ecclesiastes 7:6.

(object of) derision, הָיָה לִשׂ׳, Jeremiah 20:7; Jeremiah 48:26, Jeremiah 48:27 (read לִשׂ׳ for MT הַשּׂ׳ 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 Gie Du; Co del. vv), v Jeremiah 48:39 Lamentations 3:14; elsewhere Job 12:4^(×2).

sport Proverbs 10:23.

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שֵׂט²

v. [שׂוט].

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שָׂטה

vb. turn aside (Aramaic סְטָא, ܣܛܳܐ id.; שְׂטָא stray; Ethiopic ሠጠየ iii. 1 be seduced, etc.; cf. Dr^{JPhil. xi (1882), 205});—

Pf. 2 fs. שָׂטִית Numbers 5:19, Numbers 5:20; Impf. 3 fs. תִּשְׂטֶה v Numbers 5:12, Numbers 5:29, juss. 3 ms. יֵשְׂטְ Proverbs 7:25; Imv. ms. שְׂטֵה Proverbs 4:15;—turn aside, of unfaithful wife Numbers 5:12 (abs.), + תַּחַת אִישׁ, i.e. while married, v Numbers 5:19 (+ טֻמְאָה adv. acc.), v Numbers 5:20, Numbers 5:29 (all P); of youth, from (מֵעַל) way of evil woman Proverbs 4:15, toward (אֶל) her ways Proverbs 7:25.

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שָׂטָן

n.m. ^{Psalms 109:6} 1. adversary. 2. Satan (NH שָׂטָן, סָטָן; Aramaic שָׂטָנָא, סָטָנָא, Syriac ܣܳܛܳܢܳܐ (Hebr.); NH vb. סָטַן, Aramaic סְטַן; Arabic شَطَنَ is be remote, especially from the truth, and from the mercy of God; شَيْطَانٌ Satan, Ethiopic ሰይጣን );—

adversary, in gen., personal or national; (ל) הָיָה לְשׂ׳ Numbers 22:22 (JE), I Samuel 29:4 (cf. Nes^{Marg. 15}), II Samuel 19:23, יָצָא לְשׂ׳ Numbers 22:32 (JE); שׂ׳ I Kings 5:18; I Kings 11:25; הֵקִים שׂ׳ ל, subj. God I Kings 11:14, I Kings 11:23, cf. Psalms 109:6 (‖ רָשָׁע).

superhuman adversary, הַשּׂ׳:

of Job, one of בְּנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים Job 1:6, Job 1:7^(×2), Job 1:8, Job 1:9, Job 1:12^(×2); Job 2:1, Job 2:2^(×2), Job 2:3, Job 2:4, Job 2:6, Job 2:7.

of h. p. of Isr. bef. י׳, Zechariah 3:1, Zechariah 3:2^(×2); 𝔊 ὁ διάβολος.

as n.pr. שׂ׳ Satan I Chronicles 21:1 (interpr. II Samuel 24:1), 𝔊 διάβολος (𝔊 σατάν †I Kings 11:14, I Kings 11:23; Σατανᾶς Mt 4:10; Mk 1:13; Lk 10:18 + 33 times NT).

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שִׂטְנָה

n.f. accusation;—Ezra 4:6.

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שִׂטְנָה²

n.pr. putei (hostility) Genesis 26:21 (J).

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שִׂיב

vb. be hoary (NH שֵׂיבָה old age; Assyrian šêbu, aged man; Arabic شَابَ (ى) become hoary, Ethiopic ሤበ (in deriv.); Aramaic סִיב be old; ܣܶܐܒ grow old, ܣܰܝ̈ܒܳܬܳܐ grey hair);—

Pf. 1 s. זָקַנְתִּי וָשַׂ֫בְתִּי I Samuel 12:2; Pt. שָׂב Job 15:10 (+ יָשִׁישׁ aged).

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שֵׂיבָה

n.f. hoary head, old age;—abs. שׂ׳ Hosea 7:9 +; cstr. שֵׂיבַת Genesis 44:31; sf. שֵׂיבָתִי Genesis 42:38; Genesis 44:29, etc.;—

grey hair, hoary head Hosea 7:9 (fig.), Genesis 42:38; Genesis 44:29, Genesis 44:31 (all J), I Kings 2:6, I Kings 2:9; Proverbs 16:31; Proverbs 20:29; אִישׁ שׂ׳ Deuteronomy 32:25 (opp. יוֹנֵק); ‖ זָקֵן Leviticus 19:32 (H), ‖ זִקְנָה Isaiah 46:4, + id., Psalms 71:18 (in these transition to foll.); fig. of sea Job 41:24.

old age, שׂ׳ טוֹבָה Genesis 15:15 (JE), Genesis 25:8 (P), Judges 8:32; I Chronicles 29:28; שׂ׳ also Psalms 92:15 (trees, in fig. of righteous), Ruth 4:15, + II Samuel 19:34 (𝔊 Ew Th Bu Kit, cf. We Dr HPS, אֶת־שֵׂיבָֽתְךָ, for אֹתְךָ).

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שִׂיג

v. I. [סוג].

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שִׂיד

n.[m.] lime, whitewash;—always שׂ׳;—lime, produced by burning bones Amos 2:1, in sim. Isaiah 33:12; as whitewash Deuteronomy 27:2, Deuteronomy 27:4.

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שִׂיד²

vb. denom. whitewash;—

Pf. 2 ms. וְשַׂדְתָּ֫ אֹתָם בַּשִּׂיד Deuteronomy 27:2, Deuteronomy 27:4.

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שִׂיחַ

n.m. ^{Psalms 104:34} complaint, musing;—abs. שׂ׳ I Kings 18:27; Proverbs 23:29; sf. שִׂיחִי I Samuel 1:16 +, שִׂחִי Job 23:2, שִׂיחוֹ II Kings 9:11 Psalms 102:1;—

plaint, complaint: Job 7:13; Job 9:27; Job 10:1 (‖ מר נפשׁ), Job 21:4; Job 23:2 Proverbs 23:29 Psalms 55:3 (‖ אָהִימָה); קוֹלִי בְּשִׂיחִי Psalms 64:2; שָׁפַךְ שׂ׳ לפני י׳ Psalms 102:1; Psalms 142:3. Foll. are dub.:

musing, I Kings 18:27 (E) of a god, ‖ שִׂיג לוֹ, (so RV; SS ‘nachdenken’; Buhl ‘beschäftigt sein’; AV talk); Psalms 104:34 of man (Buhl SS. Bae ‘Rede, oder Gesang’).—Vid. also [שֵׂחַ] infr.

anxiety, trouble: מֵרֹב שִׂיחִי I Samuel 1:16; (defined in MT by כַּעַס, cf. HPS; so Buhl SS, but perhaps = 1).

the way in which he talks: שִׂיחוֹ II Kings 9:11.

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שִׂיחָה

n.f. id.;—abs. שׂ׳ Psalms 119:99 Job 15:4; sf. שִׂיחָתִי Psalms 119:97;—

complaint: שׂ׳ לִפְנֵי־אֵל Job 15:4; (so Bu al., cf. שִׂיחַ 1 De al. meditation, cf. [גָּרַע]).

(obj. of) musing, study: תּוֹרָה Psalms 119:97; עֵדוּת v Psalms 119:99.

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שִׂיחַ²

vb.denom. muse, complain, poet. talk (of);—

Impf. 3 ms. יָשִׂיחַ Psalms 119:23; 3 fs. sf. תְּשִׂיחֶ֑ךָ Proverbs 6:22; 1 s. אָשִׂיחַ Psalms 119:78 +, etc.; Imv. ms. שִׂיחַ Job 12:8; mpl. שִׂיחוּ Judges 5:10 +; Inf. cstr. שִׂיחַ Psalms 119:148;—

complain: Psalms 55:18; Psalms 77:4 (both ‖ הָמָה), Job 7:11 (בְּמַר נַפְשִׁי), + Psalms 6:7 (read prob. אָשִׂיחָה for אַשְׂחֶה).

muse: עִם־לְבָבִי Psalms 77:7; c. ב, meditate upon, study, God’s עֲלִילוֹת v Psalms 77:13 (‖ הָגָה); פִּקּוּדִים Psalms 119:15, Psalms 119:78; חֻקִּים v Psalms 119:23, Psalms 119:48; נִפְלָאוֹת v Psalms 119:27; אִמְרָה v Psalms 119:148; c. acc. דִּבְרֵי נִפְלְאֹתֶיךָ Psalms 145:5.

talk (about), sing (of): abs. Judges 5:10 (ode); c. ב rei, Psalms 105:2 = I Chronicles 16:9 (‖ שִׁיר, זִמֵּר; so SS Gerber, but poss. = 2, so Dr), Psalms 69:13 (ב pers. against; ‖ נְגִינוֹת, of mocking words).

c. sf. pers. talk (with) Proverbs 6:22 (del. Toy); c. לְ speak to Job 12:8 (Di ‘sprich sinnend’; Hi Bu read שֶׁרֶץ; Kau חַיַּת (so Bu as altern.), Bö al. sub II. שִׂיחַ). Pôlʿel meditate, consider: Impf. 3 ms. יְשׂוֹחֵחַ Isaiah 53:8 (abs.); 1 s. אֲשׂוֹחֵחַ Psalms 143:5 (ב rei; ‖ הָגָה).

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שֵׂחַ²

n.[m.] thought;—sf. מַגִּיד לְאָדָם מַה־ שֵּׂחוֹ Amos 4:13; read prob. שִׂחוֹ (against Ba^{NB 79, 80}) unless otherwise corrupt.

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שִׂיחַ³

n.[m.] bush, shrub, plant;—שׂ׳ abs. coll. Job 30:4, cstr. שׂ׳ הַשָּׂדֶה Genesis 2:5 (J); pl. שִׂיחִים Job 30:7, אַחַד הַשִּׂיחִם Genesis 21:15 (E).

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שִׂים

etc., v. I, II. שׂום.

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שֹׂךְ

v. II. שׂכך.

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שָֽׂכְיָה

(so Baer Gi; var. שַׂכְיָא; van d. H. שָׁבְיָה; Kit^Hpt dub.) n.pr.m. in Benj. I Chronicles 8:10; Σαβια, Σεβια, 𝔊L Σεχια; 𝔖 𝔙 Sechia.

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שַׂכִּין

n.[m.] knife (NH סַכִּין; prob. loan-word (Lewy^{Fremdw. 176}) from Aramaic סַכִּינָא, ܣܰܟܹܝܢܳܐ id., whence also Arabic سِكِّينٌ Nö^{M 125} Frä ⁸⁴; √ dub.);—abs. שׂ׳ Proverbs 23:2.

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שָׂכַךְ

vb. cover, lay over, so as to screen (cf. ‖ √ I. סכך);—

Pf. 1 s. וְשַׂכֹּתִי כַפִּי עָלֶיךָ Exodus 33:22 (JE).

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שָׂכַךְ²

vb. weave (cf. ‖ √ II. סכך); Pôʿ. Impf. 2 ms. sf. תְּשׂכְכֵנִי Job 10:11 with bones and sinews thou weavest me together.

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שָׂכַךְ³

Pilp. prick or spur on (cf. Arabic شَاكَ pierce (perhaps denom. from) شَوْكٌ thorn, شَوْكَةٌ point of spear, etc.; Ethiopic ሦክ thorn);—prick or spur on, acc. pers.: Pf. 1 S וְסִכְסַכְתִּ֫י Isaiah 19:2 (+ ב against); Impf. 3 ms. יְסַכְסֵךְ Isaiah 9:10.

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שָׂכַל

vb. be prudent (Gerber⁴⁷ denom. from שֶׂכֶל, but vb. early; NH סָכַל, Hithp. shew oneself attentive (to), look; Aramaic סְכַל (rare) understand, Ithpa. look (at), consider, Aph. instruct; שְׂכַל only Aph. (for Heb. הִשְׂכִּיל), understand, make wise; ܣܟܰܠ Pa. teach, Ethpa. understand, etc.; Sam. ࠎࠊࠋ Ithpa. look (for Heb. הִבִּיט); Assyrian šiklu, clever, šiklûtu, cleverness, Meissn^{Suppl. 93});—

Pf. 3 ms. שׂ׳ I Samuel 18:30 be prudent, circumspect (SS HPS); Kit Buhl Gerber al. prosper.

Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׂכִּיל Jeremiah 23:5; I Chronicles 28:19; 1 s. הִשְׂכַּלְתִּי Psalms 119:99; 3 mpl. הִשְׂכִּילוּ Job 34:27 +; Impf. יַשְׂכִּיל I Samuel 18:5 +; 2 ms. juss. תַּשְׂכֵּל Daniel 9:25, etc.; Imv. mpl. הַשְׂכִּילוּ Psalms 2:10; Inf. abs. הַשְׂכֵּל Jeremiah 9:23 +; הַשְׂכֵּיל (Ges^{§ 53 k}) Jeremiah 3:15; Job 34:35; cstr. הַשְׂכִּיל Genesis 3:6 +, etc.; Pt. מַשְׂכִּיל I Samuel 18:14 +, f. מַשְׂכָּ֑לֶת Proverbs 19:14; pl. מַשְׂכִּילִים Daniel 11:35 +, etc.; meanings hard to classify: scholars differ greatly;—

look at: נֶחְמָד הָעֵץ לְהַשְׂכִּיל Genesis 3:6 (J) was desirable to look upon (so 𝔊 Ges De; AV, RV to make one wise; Ew Di Buhl SS Dr al. sub 3).

give attention to, consider, ponder: Isaiah 41:20; Isaiah 44:18; Deuteronomy 32:29 Psalms 64:10; Psalms 106:7; Job 34:27; c. לְ Proverbs 21:12; c. אֶל Psalms 41:2; Nehemiah 8:13; c. עַל Proverbs 16:20; c. ב Psalms 101:2; Daniel 9:13.

have insight, comprehension: Jeremiah 9:23 (‖ יָדַע י׳), Psalms 94:8 (‖ בִּין), Psalms 119:99; Daniel 1:4; Daniel 9:25 (‖ יָדַע); הַשְׂכֵּ(י)ל as subst. = insight, understanding: as י׳’s gift to ruler and teacher, ‖ דֵּעָה Jeremiah 3:15; ‖ דַּ֫עַת Job 34:35; ‖ מַדָּע Daniel 1:17; מוּסַר הַשׂ׳ Proverbs 1:3; דֶּרֶךְ הַשׂ׳ Proverbs 21:16.

cause to consider, give insight, teach: י׳ subj., acc. rei, I Chronicles 28:19, acc. pers. Psalms 32:8; Nehemiah 9:20; Gabriel subj., 2 acc. Daniel 9:22; לֵב חָכָם subj., acc. rei Proverbs 16:23; c. לְ, Proverbs 21:11; הַמַּשְׂכִּילִים שֵׂכֶל טוֹב לי׳ II Chronicles 30:22 (but Be Ke Benz etc. who shewed good skill, sc. in music, v II Chronicles 30:21); (הַ)מַשְׂכִּילִים Daniel 11:33, Daniel 11:35; Daniel 12:3, Daniel 12:10 the teachers (so Ew Hi Bev; Thes Ke Behrm al. the wise).

act circumspectly, prudently: abs. Amos 5:13 Psalms 2:10; Psalms 36:4; מַשְׂכִּיל as subst. Psalms 14:2 = Psalms 53:3, Proverbs 10:5, Proverbs 10:19; Proverbs 14:35; Proverbs 15:24; Proverbs 17:2; Job 22:2; אִשָּׁה מַשְׂכָּ֑לֶת Proverbs 19:14.—Jeremiah 50:9 has גִּבּוֹר מַשְׁכִּיל according to Mas. (van d. H. Baer Gi), cf. 𝔙, i.e. a child-slaying warrior; but שׁ׳ Hiph. elsewhere only Hosea 9:14, of miscarriage; 𝔊 𝔖 Ew and most mod. (Gf Gie Rothst) read מַשְׂכִּיל, either skilful or fortunate.

prosper, have success (cf. Dr I Samuel 18:5): abs. I Samuel 18:15; Isaiah 52:13; Jeremiah 10:21; Jeremiah 20:11; Jeremiah 23:5; Joshua 1:8 (D); c. ב, v Joshua 1:7 (D) I Samuel 18:5, I Samuel 18:14 (read בְּכָל־ for לְכָל־ Vrss Th HPS al.), cf. II Kings 18:7; c. אֶל, Proverbs 17:8.

cause to prosper: Deuteronomy 29:8; I Kings 2:3 (D).

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שֵׂ֫כֶל

n.m. prudence, insight;—שֵׂ֫׳ abs. Psalms 111:10 +, cstr. Proverbs 19:11 +; שֶׂ׳ abs. I Samuel 25:3 +; שָׂ֑כֶל Job 17:4; sf. שִׂכְלוֹ Proverbs 12:8; Daniel 8:25;—

prudence, good sense: טוֹבַת שׂ׳ woman of good sense I Samuel 25:3.

insight, understanding: ‖ בִינָה I Chronicles 22:12; II Chronicles 2:11, cf. Job 17:4; שׂ׳ טוֹב Proverbs 3:4; Proverbs 13:15 Psalms 111:10; II Chronicles 30:22; אִישׁ שׂ׳ Ezra 8:18; יוֹעֵץ בְּשׂ׳ I Chronicles 26:14; מְקוֹר חַיִּים שׂ׳ בְּעָלָיו Proverbs 16:22; restrains from anger Proverbs 19:11, wins praise Proverbs 12:8, fool despises שׂ׳ מִלִּים Proverbs 23:9; שׂוֹם שׂ׳ Nehemiah 8:8 (‖ הֵבִין) set forth (the) understanding (i.e. the meaning).

bad sense, cunning, craft, Daniel 8:25.

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שָׂכַל²

vb.

lay crosswise (so, and not √ I. שׂ׳, 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 𝔗 Jon and mod., cf. Arabic شَكَلَ bind legs of beast, plait locks of hair);—Pf. 3 ms. שִׂכֵּל אֶת־יָדָיו Genesis 48:14 (J); Thes Dr, however, prudentes fecit, from √ I. שׂ׳.

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שִׂכְלוּת

Ecclesiastes 1:17 v. סִכְלוּת.

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שָׂכַר

vb. hire (NH id.; Sab. תשכר hire oneself out(?), recompense(?) DHM^{Hofmus. 11}; Ethiopic ሥኩር: hired; Arabic شَكَرَ reward, thank, mod. Pal. شكارة hired, of land ploughed by hire, Bergheim^{PEQ 1894, 196}; Palm. שכרא perhaps rewarding Lzb³⁷⁵);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׂ׳ Deuteronomy 23:5, ס׳ Ezra 4:5 sf. שְׂכָרוֹ Nehemiah 6:12; 1 s. sf. שְׂכַרְתִּיךָ Genesis 30:16; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׂכֹּר Judges 9:4 +, etc.; Inf. abs. שָׂכֹר Genesis 30:16; cstr. לִשְׂכֹּר I Chronicles 19:6; Pt. act. שׂבֵר Proverbs 26:10^(×2), pl. שׂכְרִים II Chronicles 24:12 (Ezra 4:5 v. ii. סבר); pass. שָׂכוּר Nehemiah 6:13;—hire, retainers Judges 9:4 (ב pret.), soldiers, etc. II Samuel 10:6 = I Chronicles 19:6, I Chronicles 19:7; II Kings 7:6; II Chronicles 25:6 (ב pret.), priest Judges 18:4, artificers Isaiah 46:6; II Chronicles 24:12, husband’s favour שָׂכֹר שְׂכַרְתִּיךָ Genesis 30:16 (J; ב pret.); Proverbs 26:10^(×2) obscure, v. De Now Toy; for evil purpose Deuteronomy 23:5 = Nehemiah 13:2 (עַל against), Nehemiah 6:12, Nehemiah 6:13.

hire oneself out, Pf. בַּלֶּחֶם נִשְׂכָּ֑רוּ I Samuel 2:5.

earn wages, Pt. הַמִּשְׂתַּכֵּר Haggai 1:6 (as subst.), מ׳ v Haggai 1:6 (as vb., + אֶל loc., constr. praegn.).

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שֶׂ֫כֶר

n.[m.] hire, wages;—abs. עֹשֵׂי שׂ׳ Isaiah 19:10 (= שָׂכִיר; cstr. Proverbs 11:18.

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שָׂכָר

n.m. ^{Ezekiel 29:18} hire, wages, only sg., not c. art.;—abs. שׂ׳ Numbers 18:31 +, cstr. שְׂכַר Deuteronomy 15:18 +, sf. שְׂכָרִי Genesis 30:18 +, etc.;—

wages, of servant, Genesis 30:28, Genesis 30:32, Genesis 30:33 (J), Genesis 31:8^(×2); Exodus 2:9 (all E), Deuteronomy 15:18 (שְׂ׳ שָׂכִיר), Deuteronomy 24:15; I Kings 5:20; Zechariah 8:10; Malachi 3:5 (שְׂ׳ שָׂכִיר); soldiers Ezekiel 29:18, Ezekiel 29:19; shepherd (symb.) Zechariah 11:12^(×2); beast Exodus 22:14 (E), Zechariah 8:10.

= reward, for work done, faithfulness, etc., Genesis 15:1 (JE), Genesis 30:18 (E) in expl. of name יששכר, Numbers 18:31 (P), כִּי יֵשׁ שׂ׳ לִפְעֻלָּתֵךְ Jeremiah 31:16 (cf. II Chronicles 15:7), Isaiah 40:10 = Isaiah 62:11 (fig. of reward of י׳’s labours), Psalms 127:3; Ecclesiastes 4:9; Ecclesiastes 9:5.

passage-money, fare, Jonah 1:3.

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שָׂכָר²

n.pr.m.

father of hero of Dvd. I Chronicles 11:35, Αχαρ, A Σαχαρ, (‖ שָׁרָר II Samuel 23:33).

doorkeeper I Chronicles 26:4, Σαχαρ.

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שָׂכִיר

adj. hired;—abs. שׂ׳ Exodus 12:45 +, f. שְׂכִירָה Isaiah 7:20; cstr. שְׂכִיר Leviticus 25:53; sf. שְׂכִירְךָ v Leviticus 25:6; pl. sf. שְׂכִרֶיהָ Jeremiah 46:21;—

hired, of beast Exodus 22:14 (E), razor Isaiah 7:20 (fig.).

usually as subst. hireling, hired labourer Deuteronomy 15:18; Deuteronomy 24:14; Leviticus 19:13; Leviticus 22:10; Leviticus 25:6, Leviticus 25:40, Leviticus 25:53 (all H), Exodus 12:45; Leviticus 25:50 (both P), Malachi 3:5; Job 7:1, Job 7:2; Job 14:6; כִּשְׁנֵי שׂ׳ Isaiah 16:14 years like a hireling’s years (reckoned strictly), so Isaiah 21:16; mercenaries Jeremiah 46:21.

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שְׂלָו

n.f. ^{Exodus 16:13} quail (prob. foreign word; Arabic سَلْوَى, Syriac ܣܰܠܘܰܝ, Sam. ࠔࠋࠅࠉ );—quail, coturnix communis vel vulgaris (Tristr^{NHB 229 ff. FFP 124} Post^Hast.^{DB. quail}, Di Exodus 16:13):—abs. coll. Numbers 11:32 (J); Exodus 16:13 (P), Psalms 105:40 (in all Qr שְׂלָיו); pl. שַׂלְוִים Numbers 11:31 (J; as if from sg. שַׂלְוֶה).

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שַׂלְמָא

i. שַׂלְמָה v. שַׂלְמוֹן.

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שַׂלְמָה

= שִׂמְלָה v. sub שׂמל.

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שַׂלְמַי

n.pr.m. head of post-ex. family;—שׁ׳ Ezra 2:46 Qr (Kt. שׂמלי [cf. NH n.pr. שִׂמְלַי Dalman, Liḥy. שמל DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. Ar. No. 13}]; so Baer; van d. H. Gi Qr שַׁלְמַי; Σαμααν, A𝔊L Σελαμ(ε)ι) = שַׂלְמָ֑י Nehemiah 7:47 (Σελαμει; א Σαμαει).

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שְׂמֹאל

(Baer Joshua 1:7)₅₄ n.[m.] the left (NH id.; Assyrian šumêlu; Arabic شِمَالٌ (also شَمَالٌ and شَأْمَلٌ, شَامَلٌ north wind); Old Aramaic שמאל, Palm. (sf.) סמלך; Syriac ܣܶܡܳܠܴܐ; √ dub., שאם + ל Nö ^{M 128} Hom^{A. u. A. i. (1892), 21} Kö^{ii. 1. 143, 405}; (v. also Thes Dietr^{Wortforschung 234}), cf. Arabic شأم be unlucky, شَأْمَةٌ left, شَأَم, شَام north; Sab. שאם north, unlucky DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 29; Epigr. Denkm. Ar. Nos. 6. 7}; other views in Sta^{§ 299} Lag^{BN 116});—שְׂמֹאל abs. Genesis 13:9 +, cstr. Genesis 48:13; II Kings 23:8; שְׂמֹאול abs. Numbers 20:17 +; sf. שְׂמֹאלֶ֑ךָ II Samuel 2:21, שְׂמֹאלוֹ Genesis 48:13 +, etc.;—opp. יָמִין except Genesis 14:15; Judges 19:27; II Kings 23:8;—

left, region on the left, Genesis 13:9 (J); on the left is עַל־שׂ׳ II Kings 23:8; Ezekiel 16:46; Zechariah 4:3, Zechariah 4:11, עַל־הַשּׂ׳ I Chronicles 6:29 cf. II Chronicles 18:18, also מִשּׂ׳ (a sinistra) Exodus 14:22, Exodus 14:29 (P), II Samuel 16:6 + 7 times + מֵהַשּׂ׳ II Chronicles 3:17; Ezekiel 1:10, לִשׂ׳; Ecclesiastes 10:2, שׂ׳ alone Job 23:9; toward the left is עַל־שׂ׳ Genesis 24:49 (J), II Samuel 2:21; Zechariah 12:6, עַל־הַשּׂ׳ II Samuel 2:19, שׂ׳ alone I Samuel 6:12; Isaiah 9:20 + 13 times

יַד־שׂ׳ left hand, Judges 3:21; Judges 7:20, so שׂ׳ alone Genesis 48:13^(×2), Genesis 48:14 (E), Judges 16:29; Ezekiel 39:3; Jonah 4:11; Proverbs 3:16; Daniel 12:7; Song of Songs 2:6; Song of Songs 8:3.

= north (on left of one facing east, cf. אָתוֹר d, יָמִין 4, קֶדֶם 1 b) Genesis 14:15; Joshua 19:27 (P); cf. Ezekiel 16:46.

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שָׂמַח

vb. rejoice, be glad (NH id.; cf. perhaps Assyrian šamâḫu, flourish, Arabic شَمَخَ be high, proud; Pun. n.pr. f. שמחת);—

Pf. 3 ms. שָׂמַח Psalms 16:9 +; וְשָׂמֵ֑חַ consec. Proverbs 29:6; 3 fs. שָׂמֵ֑חָה Esther 8:15; 2 ms. וְשָׂמַחְתָּ֫ Deuteronomy 12:18 +; 3 mpl. שָׂמֵ֑חוּ Nehemiah 12:43, etc.; Impf. יִשְׂמַח Isaiah 9:16 +, 3 mpl. יִשְׂמָ֑חוּ Isaiah 65:13 Psalms 69:33, Psalms 69:3 fpl. תִּשְׂמַחְנָה II Samuel 1:20, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׂמַח Deuteronomy 33:18 +, fs. שִׂמְחִי Zephaniah 3:14 +, שְׂמָ֑חִי Joel 2:21, etc.; Inf. cstr. שְׂמֹחַ Ezekiel 35:14 +, etc.; Pt. v. שָׂמֵחַ adj.;—24 times ‖ גיל, less often ‖ רָנַן, עָלַז, שִׂישׂ, etc.;—

in common life:

rejoice, c. ב pers. vel rei take pleasure in Judges 9:19^(×2); Deuteronomy 33:18; Ecclesiastes 3:22 + 7 times + (prob.) בְּכָל־יָמֵינוּ Psalms 90:14 (others ב temp.), cf. Ecclesiastes 11:8; עַל pers. Isaiah 39:2 + ‖ II Kings 20:13 (וישׂמח for MT וישׁמע Vrss mod.), עַל rei Jonah 4:6; II Chronicles 15:15; c. cl. temp. Jeremiah 41:13 + 6 times + (of heart) Proverbs 23:15, in one’s heart Exodus 4:14 (J); c. כִּי because Isaiah 14:29 + 3 times; c. אֵת with Isaiah 66:10; c. מִן pers. get pleasure from Proverbs 5:18; abs. I Samuel 11:9; Ecclesiastes 3:12; Proverbs 13:9 (fig. of prosperity; subj. אוֹר; opp. דָּעַךְ), + 8 times; c. ל rei at Job 21:12.

rejoice arrogantly, exult at, ל pers., Micah 7:8; Isaiah 14:8; Obadiah 1:12 Psalms 35:19, Psalms 35:24; Psalms 38:17, c. אֶל־ rei Ezekiel 25:6, ב rei Job 31:29 Psalms 35:15; Proverbs 24:17; abs. Hosea 9:1 (+ אֶל־גִּיל), II Samuel 1:20 + 3 times, + (said of righteous by Eliphaz) Job 22:19.

rejoice religiously, c. ב rei I Samuel 2:1; Deuteronomy 12:7 Psalms 21:2 + 7 times; c. בי׳, etc., Joel 2:23 Psalms 32:11 + 10 times ψψ + Psalms 9:3 (+ אֶעֶלְצָה בָ֑ךְ); c. עַל rei II Chronicles 29:36, עַל inf. I Chronicles 29:9; c. לְמַעַן rei Psalms 48:12; c. כִּי because Psalms 119:74; abs. Zechariah 2:14; Zechariah 4:10; Joel 2:21; I Chronicles 29:9 (c. acc. cogn.), I Chronicles 16:31 (of heavens) = Psalms 96:11, Psalms 97:1 (isles) + 18 times (12 times ψψ), + (of heart) Zechariah 10:7 Psalms 16:9; I Chronicles 16:10, בְּכָל־לֵב Zephaniah 3:14 (cf. Exodus 4:14 1 a supr.); c. לִפְנֵי י׳ Isaiah 9:2 and (of joyous feasting etc., at sanctuary) Leviticus 23:40 (H), Deuteronomy 12:12, Deuteronomy 12:18; Deuteronomy 16:11; Deuteronomy 27:7, cf. Deuteronomy 14:26; I Samuel 11:15.

subj. י׳, c. עַל pers. Isaiah 9:16 (‖ רחם; Perles^{RÉJ xxxv. 63} be gentle, Arabic سَمُحَ), ב rei Psalms 104:31.

Pf. 3 ms. וְשִׂמַּח consec. Deuteronomy 24:5, sf. שִׂמְּחָהוּ Jeremiah 20:15, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׂמַּח Psalms 104:15 +, etc.; Imv. ms. שַׂמֵּחַ Psalms 86:4, שַׂמַּח Proverbs 27:11, etc.; Inf. abs. שַׂמֵּחַ Jeremiah 20:15; Pt. מְשַׂמֵּחַ Judges 9:13, pl. cstr. מְשַׂמְּחֵי Psalms 19:9;—cause to rejoice, gladden, c. acc. pers. (or equiv.), subj. pers. Deuteronomy 24:5; Jeremiah 20:15 (+ Inf. abs.), Proverbs 10:1; Proverbs 15:20; Proverbs 27:11; Proverbs 29:3 (Hosea 7:3 v. משׁח 2); especially subj. י׳ (God) Jeremiah 31:13 (c. מִן separ.) Isaiah 56:7; II Chronicles 20:27 (c. מִן of source, v. Qal 1 a), Ezra 6:22; Nehemiah 12:43 (+ acc. cogn.) Psalms 86:4; Psalms 90:15; Psalms 92:5 (ב instr.), also, c. ל pers. cause to exult at Psalms 30:2, id. c. עַל pers. Lamentations 2:17; subj. rei Judges 9:13 Psalms 19:9; Psalms 45:9; Psalms 46:5; Psalms 104:15; Ecclesiastes 10:19; Proverbs 12:25; Proverbs 15:30; Proverbs 27:9.

= Pi. Pf. 2 ms. הִשְׂמַחְתָּ Psalms 89:43 (subj. י׳).

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שָׂמֵחַ

adj.verb. glad, joyful, merry;—abs. שׂ׳ Deuteronomy 16:15 +, f. שְׂמֵחָה Psalms 119:9; pl. שְׂמֵחִים I Kings 1:45 +, cstr. שִׂמְחֵי Isaiah 24:17, שְׂמֵחֵי Psalms 35:26;—

as adj. joyful, shewing joy, I Kings 1:45; Esther 5:9 (+ טוֹב לֵב), v Esther 5:14; אֵם שְׂמֵחָה Psalms 113:9; לֵב שׂ׳ Proverbs 15:13; Proverbs 17:22; at feast of tab. Deuteronomy 16:15, in thankfulness to י׳ Psalms 126:3 (both pred. c. הָיָה), I Kings 8:66 (+ טוֹבֵי לֵב) = II Chronicles 7:10.

= pt. I Kings 1:40 (‖ מְחַלְּלִים piping), I Kings 4:20; II Kings 11:14 (+ תֹּקֵעַ ב) = II Chronicles 23:13, מִן rei Ecclesiastes 2:10.

as subst. הַשׂ׳ Amos 6:13 (+ ל rei), Proverbs 2:14 (ל inf.), Job 3:22 (+ אֱלֵי־גִיל; ‖ יָשִׂישׂוּ); שִׂמְחֵי־לֵב Isaiah 24:7; of malicious joy שׂ׳ Proverbs 17:5 (ל rei), שְׂמֵחֵי רָעָתִי Psalms 35:26.

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שִׂמְחָה

n.f. joy, gladness, mirth;—abs. שׂ׳ Genesis 31:37 +, cstr. שִׂמְחַת Isaiah 9:2 +; sf. שִׂמְחָתִי Psalms 137:6, etc.; pl. שְׂמָחוֹת Psalms 16:11, -ת֗ Psalms 45:16;—

mirth, gladness, e.g. in festivity, Genesis 31:27 (E), Psalms 137:3, Psalms 137:6, I Kings 1:40; I Samuel 18:6; Isaiah 9:2^(×2); Isaiah 16:10 Psalms 45:16; יוֹם מִשְׁתֶּה וְשׂ׳ Esther 9:17, Esther 9:18, Esther 9:22 cf. (יוֹם om.) v Esther 9:19 (+ יוֹם טוֹב), v Esther 9:22 (‖ יוֹם טוֹב), + 5 times, + קוֹל שׂ׳ Jeremiah 7:34 = Jeremiah 16:9 = Jeremiah 25:10 = Jeremiah 33:11; joy of heart Proverbs 14:10, Proverbs 14:13; Ecclesiastes 5:19; Song of Songs 3:11, cf. (of inward joy) Jonah 4:6; Proverbs 15:23; Proverbs 21:15; = gaiety, pleasure Isaiah 22:13; Ecclesiastes 2:1, Ecclesiastes 2:2, Ecclesiastes 2:10; Ecclesiastes 8:15; Ecclesiastes 9:7, בֵּית שׂ׳ Ecclesiastes 7:4; שׂ׳ חָנֵף Job 20:5, of foolish Proverbs 15:21; Proverbs 21:17; malicious joy Ezekiel 35:15 (ל rei), so שׂ׳ כָּל־לֵבָב Ezekiel 36:5.

₄₆ (especially ψψ Chr) religious: II Samuel 6:12 ‖ I Chronicles 15:16, I Chronicles 15:25; Joel 1:16 +; יוֹם שׂ׳ Numbers 10:10 (P); עָשָׂה שׂ׳ i.e. make a (sacred) festivity II Chronicles 30:23; Nehemiah 8:12; Nehemiah 12:27; שִׂמְחַת עוֹלָם Isaiah 35:10 = Isaiah 51:11; Isaiah 61:7; שׂ׳ c. עַל pers. Nehemiah 12:44; joy of heart Isaiah 30:29; Jeremiah 15:16; as gift of י׳ Psalms 4:8; Psalms 21:7 + 7 times + (in mockery) Isaiah 66:5.

joy of י׳ Zephaniah 3:17.

glad result, happy issue Psalms 106:5 (‖ טוֹבָה), Proverbs 10:28; Proverbs 12:20 (Gr. אֱמֻנָה, Toy מִשְׁפָּט; opp. מִרְמָה).

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שִׂמְלָה

n.f. wrapper, mantle;—abs. שׂ׳ Genesis 9:23 +, cstr. שִׂמְלַת Deuteronomy 21:13; Deuteronomy 22:5; sf. שִׂמְלָֽתְךָ Deuteronomy 8:4, etc.; pl. שְׂמָלֹת Genesis 45:22^(×2) +, sf. שִׂמְלֹתָם Genesis 44:13 +, etc.;—wrapper, mantle (of man or [Ruth 3:3 +] woman), usually square piece of cloth worn as outer garment (v. Mackie^{Hast.DB i. 625}; Benz^{Ency. Bib. iii. 2932}), Genesis 35:2 Exodus 22:26 (both E), Deuteronomy 8:4; Deuteronomy 10:18; Deuteronomy 21:13; Deuteronomy 22:3; Isaiah 3:6, Isaiah 3:7; Isaiah 9:4; II Samuel 12:20 Kt, Ruth 3:3 Kt (Qr in both pl.); as covering in sleep Genesis 9:23 (J; cf. Exodus 22:26), bed-covering Deuteronomy 22:17; covering or receptacle for articles Exodus 12:34 (E), Judges 8:25 I Samuel 21:10, cf. Proverbs 30:4; more gen. garment, Deuteronomy 22:5, clothes (pl.) Genesis 37:34; Genesis 44:13 (J), Genesis 41:14 Exodus 19:10, Exodus 19:14 (all E), Joshua 7:6 (JE), Isaiah 4:1; as costly gifts Genesis 45:22^(×2) Exodus 3:22; Exodus 12:35 (all E).

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שַׂמְלָה

n.pr.m. kg. of Edom Genesis 36:36, Genesis 36:37 (P; Σαμ(α)λα) = I Chronicles 1:47, I Chronicles 1:48 (Σαμαα, Σαβαα).

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שַׂלְמָה²

n.f.id.(transp. from שִׂמְלָה);—abs. שׂ׳ Exodus 22:8 +, cstr. שַׂלְמַת v Exodus 22:25; sf. שַׂלְמָתוֹ Deuteronomy 24:13; pl. שְׂלָמוֹת Joshua 9:5 +, sf. שַׂלְמֹתֵיהֶם v Joshua 9:13, etc.;—garment (of man or [Song of Songs 4:11] woman): outer garment Exodus 22:8, Exodus 22:25 (E), Joshua 9:5, Joshua 9:13 (JE), Deuteronomy 24:13; I Kings 11:29, I Kings 11:30 Psalms 104:2 (fig.); in gen. clothes (pl.) Deuteronomy 29:4; Nehemiah 9:21; Job 9:31; Song of Songs 4:11; as costly gifts I Kings 10:25 = II Chronicles 9:24; as booty Joshua 22:8 (late).—Micah 2:8 read prob. שֹׁלְמֹה (Roorda, RS^{Proph. vii. N. 4}), or שֹׁלְמִים (We Now GASm), him (those) at pease (with him), cf. 𝔊𝔖.

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שְׂמָמִית

n.f. a kind of lizard (so 𝔊 𝔙 𝔗 Leviticus 11:30 cf. Str Pr (also on שׂ > שׁ));—abs. שׂ׳ Proverbs 30:28 (cf. Shipley-Cook^{Ency.Bib. Lizard}).

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שָׂנֵא

vb. hate (NH id.; MI⁴ שנאי my foes; Sab. שנאם foe Sab.Denkm^{No. 12, l, 9} cf. Ib.^{No. 7, l. 9} CIS^{iv, No. 173, l. 6}; Arabic شنأ, شَنَىَٔ, hate; Aramaic סְנָא, ܣܢܳܐ, id., סָנְאָה, ܣܳܢܳܐܐ hater, etc.; Ethiopic hate is ጸልአ: );—

Pf. 3 ms. שׂ׳ Deuteronomy 12:31 +, sf. שְׂנֵאָהּ II Samuel 13:15 +; 2 ms. שָׂנֵאתָ Psalms 5:6 +, sf. שְׂנֵאתַ֫נִי Judges 14:16, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׂנָא Proverbs 13:5; Proverbs 26:28, sf. יִשְׂנָאֶ֑ךָּ Proverbs 9:8, etc.; Imv. mpl. שִׂנְאוּ Amos 5:15 Psalms 97:10; Inf. abs. שָׂנֹא Judges 15:2; cstr. שְׂנֹא Genesis 37:5 +, שְׂנֹאת Proverbs 8:13; Pt. act. שֹׂנֵא Deuteronomy 4:42 +, שֹׂנַאֲךָ Exodus 23:5 Proverbs 25:21; pl. cstr. שֹׂנְאֵי Exodus 18:21 +, etc.; pass. fs. שְׂנוּאָה Genesis 29:31 +; mpl. cstr. שְׂנֻאֵי II Samuel 5:8 Qr (> Kt שָֽׂנְאוּ);—hate (often opp. אָהֵב):

human;

c. acc. pers. Genesis 26:27 (J), Genesis 37:5, Genesis 26:8 (E), Judges 11:7; II Samuel 13:22; Amos 5:10 (‖ תֵּעֵב) + 17 times (evil-doers †Psalms 26:5; Psalms 31:7; Psalms 139:21), + (obj. wife) Judges 14:16; Judges 15:2^(×2); + pt. pass., of wife, †Genesis 29:31^(×2) (J), Deuteronomy 21:15^(×2), Deuteronomy 21:16, Deuteronomy 21:17, cf. Proverbs 30:23; fig. of Zion Isaiah 60:15 (+ עֲזוּבָה); specif. of sexual revulsion †II Samuel 13:15^(×2) (+ acc. cogn.), Deuteronomy 22:13, Deuteronomy 22:16; Deuteronomy 24:3; so, obj. man (of Jerus. under fig. of harlot) †Ezekiel 16:37; pass. שְׂנֻאֵי נֶפֶשׁ דָּוִד II Samuel 5:8 (but v. obscure); reflex. (acc. נַפְשׁוֹ) †Proverbs 29:24, abs. †Ecclesiastes 3:8.

c. acc. rei, Ezekiel 35:6 (but read בְּדָם אָשַׁמְתָּ 𝔊 𝔖 Co Berthol Toy), Ecclesiastes 2:17, Ecclesiastes 2:18, especially evil Exodus 18:21 (E), Micah 3:2 Psalms 45:7 + 10 times, virtue, etc. Micah 3:2 Proverbs 1:22 + 4 times

subj. י׳; obj. perverse Isr. †Amos 6:8 (its palaces), Hosea 9:15 Jeremiah 12:8; wickedness Psalms 5:6; Psalms 11:5; idolatry and evil Amos 5:21 Isaiah 1:14; Isaiah 61:8; Jeremiah 44:4; Malachi 2:16 + 5 times

Pt.act.₅₄ as adj. Isaiah 66:5 (as vb. c. 1 s. pron. Isaiah 61:8, 2 supr.); usually subst., Proverbs 13:24 one hating his son (opp. אֹהֵב); elsewhere = enemy, foe (usually cstr. or c. sf.), sg. and pl. (often ‖ אֹיֵב, sometimes opp. אֹהֵב): foe of man Exodus 23:5 (E), Genesis 24:60 (J), Leviticus 26:17 (H) +, nation Exodus 1:10 (E), Esther 9:1, Esther 9:5, Esther 9:16 +, abs. Proverbs 26:24; Proverbs 27:6, (c. 31 times in all); + לֹא שֹׂנֵא c. ל pers., a no-hater to one Deuteronomy 4:42; Deuteronomy 19:4, Deuteronomy 19:6; Joshua 20:5, and (without לֹא) Deuteronomy 19:11; foe of good Micah 3:2, cf. Job 34:17 + 3 times, of evil †Exodus 18:21; Proverbs 28:1, cf. Proverbs 15:27; of suretyship †Proverbs 11:15 (i.e. not giving it); foes of י׳ †Exodus 20:5 = Deuteronomy 5:9; Deuteronomy 7:10^(×2); II Chronicles 19:2.

Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׂנֵא Proverbs 14:17 is hated, so v Proverbs 14:20 (+ ל pers. by, v. לְ 5 d).

Pt. sf. מְשַׂנְאִי Job 31:29; Psalms 55:13; pl. cstr. מְשַׂנְאֵי Psalms 81:16; sf. מְשַׂנְאַי II Samuel 22:41 +, etc.;—enemy (Qal 3) ‖ אֹיֵב, צָר, etc.:

personal and national, Job 31:29 Deuteronomy 33:11 (poem), II Samuel 22:41 = Psalms 18:41, Psalms 44:8, Psalms 44:11; Psalms 55:13; Psalms 68:2; Psalms 89:24.

of י׳ Numbers 10:35 (J), Deuteronomy 32:41 (poem), Psalms 81:16; Psalms 83:3; Psalms 139:21.

of wisdom Proverbs 8:36.

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שִׂנְאָה

n.f. hating, hatred;—abs. שׂ׳ Numbers 35:20 +, cstr. שִׂנְאַת Deuteronomy 1:27; Proverbs 25:10; sf. שִׂנְאָתֶיךָ; Ezekiel 35:11 (pl. -אֹתֶיךָ prob. meant, Kö^{ii. 1, § 88} cf. Ol^{§ 131 k}, but < read שִׂנְאָֽתְךָ 𝔊 Co Berthol Toy, cf. Ges^{§ 91: l}), etc.;—hatred (sometimes opp. אַהֲבָה):

human, Numbers 35:20 (P), Ezekiel 23:29; Ezekiel 35:11 Proverbs 10:12, Proverbs 10:18; Proverbs 15:17; Proverbs 26:26 Psalms 109:5 Ecclesiastes 9:1, Ecclesiastes 9:6; דִּבְרֵי שׂ׳ Psalms 109:3; emphatic, שִׂנְאַת חָמָס Psalms 25:19, תַּכְלִית שׂ׳ Psalms 139:22 (against י׳’s foes), also (of sexual revulsion) שׂ׳ גְּדוֹלָה II Samuel 13:15 (all acc. cogn.).

י׳’s hating, as vb., c. acc. pers., Deuteronomy 1:27; Deuteronomy 9:28.

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שְׂנִיר

n.pr.mont. Σανειρ: Amorite name of Ḥermon Deuteronomy 3:9, whence came cypress-trees Ezekiel 27:5, prob. northern peak(s) of Ḥ. I Chronicles 5:23 Song of Songs 4:8 (where + חֶרְמוֹן); so Arabic سنير, Abulf^{ed. Par. 68}, Syriac ܣܢܺܝܪ, Ecclus 24:13 al., Assyrian Saniru COT Deuteronomy 3:9 Dl^{Pa 104}. Vid. also Dr Deuteronomy 3:9 Buhl^{Geogr. 110 f. and reff.} [van d. H. erron. שׁ׳ Dt Ct].

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שֵׂעָר

n.m.Leviticus 13:3 hair;—abs. שׂ׳ Genesis 25:25 +, cstr. שְׂעַר Judges 16:22 +, שַׂ֫עַר Isaiah 7:20 (Ges^{§ 93 hh} Kö^{ii. 1. 78}); sf. שְׂעָרֵךְ Ezekiel 16:7, שַׂעֲרֵךְ Song of Songs 4:1, Song of Songs 6:5 (Kö^l.c.); שְׂעָרוֹ Leviticus 14:8 +, שְׂעָרָהּ v Leviticus 14:20, שְׂעָרָהֿ v Leviticus 14:4 (Ges^{§ 91 e});—hair:

of animals, as material, אַדֶּרֶת שׂ׳ Genesis 25:25 (J), Zechariah 13:4; prob. also אִישׁ בַּעַל שׂ׳ II Kings 1:8 i.e. a man with a garment of skin.

human: שׂ׳ רֹאשׁוֹ Judges 16:22 II Samuel 14:26 Numbers 6:5 (P), cf. v Numbers 6:18 (P); + beard Ezra 9:3; קָדְקֹד שׂ׳ Psalms 68:22; incl. head, beard, eyebrows Leviticus 14:8, Leviticus 14:9, Leviticus 14:10 (P); שׂ׳ הָרַגְלַיִם Isaiah 7:20 (i.e. of genitals; + רֹאשׁ, זָקָן; in fig.) long hair of woman Ezekiel 16:7 Song of Songs 4:1; Song of Songs 6:5; hair of skin in (leprosy-) marks Leviticus 13:3 + 10 times Leviticus 13:13 (P).

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שַׂ֫עַר

n.[m.] horror (proposes bristling);—שׂ׳ abs., as acc. cogn. Ezekiel 27:35; Ezekiel 32:10 v. foregoing; cf. אָֽחֲזוּ שׂ׳ Job 18:20 (‖ נָשַׁמּוּ עַל).

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שָׂעִיר

n.m.Numbers 15:24 he-goat, buck (hairy one; NH id.);—abs. שׂ׳ Leviticus 4:24 +, cstr. שְׂעִיר Numbers 7:16 +; pl. שְׂעִירִם Leviticus 16:7, Leviticus 16:8; cstr. שְׂעִירֵי v Leviticus 16:5 Numbers 7:87;—he-goat, usually שְׂעִיר(־)עִזִּים buck of goats (v. עֵז p. 777): Genesis 37:31 (J), Ezekiel 43:22; Ezekiel 45:23 Leviticus 4:23; Leviticus 9:3; Leviticus 23:19 + 20 times Nu (all P); שְׂעִירֵי ע׳ Leviticus 16:5 Numbers 7:87 (P); שׂ׳ alone = he-goat Leviticus 4:24 + 11 times Leviticus 16 (P); שְׂעִיר (הַ)חַטָּאת he-goat for sin-offering Ezekiel 43:25 Leviticus 9:15 + 9 times Lv Nu; שְׂעִירֵי הַח׳ II Chronicles 29:23; in Daniel 8:21 הַשּׂ׳ is prob. gloss to הַצָּפִיר (cf. Dr).

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שָׂעִיר²

n.m. satyr, demon (with he-goat’s form, or feet; NH id.; cf. Baud^{Stud. i. 136 ff.}; hairy demons We^{Skizzen iii. 135; Heid. 152} RS^{Sem 113, 423; 2nd ed. 120, 441}); abs. שׂ׳ Isaiah 34:14 inhabiting desolate ruins, so pl. שְׂעִירִים Isaiah 13:21; name for idols II Chronicles 11:15 and (שְׂעִרִם) Leviticus 17:7 (H); prob. also בָּמוֹת הַשּׂ׳ II Kings 23:8 (MT הַשְּׁעָרִים) Hoffm^{ZAW ii (1882), 175} SS Kmp Klo Kit Benz Bur.

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שְׂעֹרָה

n.f. barley (bearded grain; 𝔊 κριθή, 𝔙 hordeum; NH id.; Sab. שערם Glass in Fell^{ZMG liv (1900), 256}, Arabic شَعِيرٌ; Old Aramaic שערה, 𝔗 סְעָרְתָא; Syriac ܣܥܳܪܬܳܐ; Di²⁶⁰ cp. Ethiopic ሥርናይ wheat, grain);—abs. שׂ׳ Exodus 9:31 +; usually pl. שְׂעֹרִים Hosea 3:2 +;—barley, common grain (often ‖ חִטָּה, etc.):

growing, standing, sg. Exodus 9:31^(×2) (J), Deuteronomy 8:8 Job 31:40 Joel 1:11, as sown Isaiah 28:25; standing, pl. II Samuel 14:30 שְׂעוֹ׳ I Chronicles 11:13, reaped קְצִיר (הַ)שְׂעֹרִים II Samuel 21:9 Ruth 1:22; Ruth 2:23, גֹּרֶן הַשּׂ׳ Ruth 3:2.

pl., the grains, measured, cooked, etc.: Hosea 3:2^(×2) Ezekiel 4:9; Ezekiel 13:19; Ezekiel 45:13 II Kings 7:1, II Kings 7:16, II Kings 7:18 Jeremiah 41:8 II Chronicles 2:9, II Chronicles 2:14; II Chronicles 27:5 Ruth 2:17; Ruth 3:15, Ruth 3:17, II Samuel 17:28 I Kings 5:8 (food for horses); זֶרַע חֹמֶר שׂ׳ Leviticus 27:16 (P); קֶמַח שׂ׳ Numbers 5:15, לֶחֶם שׂ׳ Judges 7:13 II Kings 4:42, עֻגַת שׂ׳ Ezekiel 4:12.

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שֵׂעִיר

n.pr. Sēʿîr (= שָׂעִיר goat? cf. Gray^{Prop. N. 94}; but note play in שֵׂעָר Genesis 25:25, שָׂעִר Genesis 27:11, Genesis 27:23; Nö^{ZMG xl (1886), 165; Ency. Bib. ii. 1183} cp. n.pr. mont. الاشعر (the ‘hairy,’ i.e. ‘well-wooded,’ cf. شَعَارٌ trees), n.pr.gent. (orig.n.pr.loc.) أَلَاشْعَرُ; Lag^{BN 92} thinks שׂ׳ orig.n.pr.m., but land much earlier in OT; perhaps = TelAm. land Šêri, Zim^{ZA vi (1891), 257} Jastr^{JBL xi (1892), 114} Wkl^{TelAm. 181, 26} Buhl^{Edom. 28 f.});—

Σηειρ:

terr. land of Edom, S. of Dead Sea, אַ֫רְצָה שׂ׳ Genesis 32:4 (J; ‖ שְׂדֵה אֱדוֹם), cf. Genesis 36:30 (P); שׂ׳ alone Judges 5:4 (poem; ‖ id.), Numbers 24:18 (JE; ‖ אֱדוֹם), Deuteronomy 1:44; Deuteronomy 2:4, Deuteronomy 2:8, Deuteronomy 2:12, Deuteronomy 2:22, Deuteronomy 2:29; Deuteronomy 33:2 Joshua 11:17 (D), Isaiah 21:11 II Chronicles 20:23; c. ה loc. שֵׂעִ֫ירָה Genesis 33:14, Genesis 33:16 (J), Joshua 12:7 (D).

specif. mont. E. of Arabah, הַר־שׂ׳ Joshua 24:4 (E), Genesis 36:8, Genesis 36:9 (P), Deuteronomy 1:2; Deuteronomy 2:1, Deuteronomy 2:5 Ezekiel 35:2, Ezekiel 35:3, Ezekiel 35:7, Ezekiel 35:15 I Chronicles 4:42; II Chronicles 20:10, II Chronicles 20:22, II Chronicles 20:23; cf. הַרֲרָם שׂ׳ Genesis 14:6 (home of הַחֹרִי; on text v. Buhl^{Edom. 28} Gunk Gn).

gent. Ezekiel 25:8 = Edom [van d. H. שׁ׳]; but del. 𝔊^B Hi Co Berthol Toy Krae.

personif. as m. in בְּנֵי־שׂ׳ (v. חֹרִי p. 360; cf. Genesis 14:6) Genesis 36:20 = I Chronicles 1:38, Genesis 36:21 (P; + בְּאֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם); = Edomites II Chronicles 25:11, II Chronicles 25:14 (‖ אֱדוֹמִים).

mont. in Judah, הַר־שׂ׳ Joshua 15:10 (P), Ασσαρ, A Σηειρ, 𝔊L Σιειρ; Di Buhl^{G. 91} al. cp. hill-ruin Sâtrîs c. 9 miles W. of Jerus. (Rob^{BR iii. 156}).

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שַׂ֫עַר²

n.[m.] storm (= סַ֫עַר);—only cstr. שׂ׳ קָ֑טֶב Isaiah 28:2 a storm of destruction (in sim.; ‖ זֶרֶם בָּרָד).

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שְׂעִירִים

n.[m.]pl. rain(-drops), si vera l.; (so according to Vrss and context; Thes cp. ii. שַׂעַר; Lag proposes רְסִיסִים);—כִּשׂ׳ עֲלֵי־דֶשֶׁא Deuteronomy 32:2 (‖ מָטָר, טַל, רְבִיבִים).

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שָׂפָה

n.f. [m. Exodus 28:32, edge, cf. Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 76}], lip, speech, edge;—abs. שׂ׳ Genesis 11:1 +, cstr. שְׂפַת v Genesis 11:7 +; sf. שְׂפָתוֹ I Kings 7:23 +, etc.; oftener du. שְׂפָתַיִם Isaiah 6:5 +, cstr. שִׂפְתֵי Psalms 12:4 +; sf. שְׂפָתַי Jeremiah 17:16 +, sf. 3 mpl. שְׂפָתֵימוֹ Psalms 59:13; Psalms 140:4, Psalms 140:10, etc.; pl. (poet. and late) cstr. שִׂפְתוֹת Ecclesiastes 10:12, sf. שִׂפְתוֹתֶיךָ etc. Psalms 45:3; Psalms 59:8 Isaiah 59:3 Song of Songs 4:3, Song of Songs 4:11; Song of Songs 5:13;—

lip:

usually (c. 108 times) human organ of speech (often ‖ פֶּה לָשׁוֹן, rarely [only late poetry] חֵךְ: 10 times Jb; 25 times ψψ; 45 times Pr): (1) Isaiah 29:13 Leviticus 5:4 (P), Job 13:6 Malachi 2:6 Psalms 12:5 Proverbs 5:3 +; דַּל שׂ׳ Psalms 141:3 (v. דָּל); אִישׁ שׂ׳ Job 11:2 = a talker, אֱוִיל שׂ׳ Proverbs 10:8 = one talking folly, so v Proverbs 10:10 (MT; but v. Toy); טְמֵא שְׂפָתַיִם Isaiah 6:5^(×2) cf. v Isaiah 6:7 Daniel 10:16; עֲרַל שׂ׳ Exodus 6:12, Exodus 6:30 (P; unskilled in speech); עִקֵּשׁ שׂ׳ Proverbs 19:1; פֹּתֶה שׂ׳ Proverbs 20:19 v. [פָּתָה]; מוֹצָא שׂ׳ i.e. utterance, Deuteronomy 23:24 Jeremiah 17:16 Numbers 30:13 (P), Psalms 89:35, רוּחַ שׂ׳ Isaiah 11:4 (of Mess. kg.), דְּבַר שׂ׳ Psalms 59:13 Proverbs 14:23 +, = mere, empty, word II Kings 18:20 = Isaiah 36:5; תְּבוּאַת שׂ׳ Proverbs 18:20, נוב שׂ׳ Isaiah 57:19 (thanksgiving), cf. Hosea 14:3 𝔊𝔖 and most פְּרִי for פָּרִים); of flattery, חֵלֶק שׂ׳ Proverbs 7:21, שְׂפַת חֲלָקוֹת Psalms 12:3, Psalms 12:4; cf. שִׂפְתֵי מִרְמָה Psalms 17:1, שׂ׳ שֶׁקֶר Psalms 31:9 + 4 times, שְׂפַת אָוֶן Proverbs 17:4; poison beneath (cf. לָשׁוֹן) Psalms 140:4 (fig.); פֶּשַׁע שׂ׳ Proverbs 12:13; לְזוּת שׂ׳ Proverbs 4:24; שׂ׳ אֱמֶת Proverbs 12:19, שׂ׳ יָ֑תֶר Proverbs 17:7, שׂ׳ צֶדֶק Proverbs 16:13, שׂ׳ דַּעַת Proverbs 14:7; Proverbs 20:15; חֵן שׂ׳ Proverbs 22:11; שָׂפָה בְרוּרָה Zephaniah 3:9; שׂ׳ רְנָנוֹת Psalms 63:5 i.e. lips that shout for joy; c. vbs.: פָּתַח שׂ׳ (to speak) Job 11:5; Job 30:20 (Gi v Job 30:21), cf. Psalms 51:17, מִפְתַּח שׂ׳ Proverbs 8:6; פֹּשֵׂק שׂ׳ Proverbs 13:3 i.e. prate; שׂ׳ מָֽלְאוּ זַעַם Isaiah 30:27; שׂ׳ subj. of דִּבֶּר Isaiah 59:3 Proverbs 24:2; נָשָׂא עַל־שׂ׳ Psalms 16:4; קָרַץ שׂ׳ Proverbs 16:30 = backbite; אָטַם שׂ׳ Proverbs 17:28 = keep silence, so חָשַׂךְ שׂ׳ Proverbs 10:19, שׂ׳ כָּלָא Psalms 40:10. †(2) lips moving in speech, c. נוּעַ I Samuel 1:13, נִיד Job 16:5. †(3) transition to meaning speech, עָלָה עַל־שְׂפַת לָשׁוֹן Ezekiel 36:3; = ability to speak Job 12:20.

organ of laughter Job 8:21.

of insulting grimace הִפְטִיר בְּשׂ׳ Psalms 22:8.

quivering in terror Habakkuk 3:16.

feature of beauty Song of Songs 4:3 (scarlet).

place of bridle II Kings 19:28 = Isaiah 37:29 (v. מֶתֶג)

receiving kiss Proverbs 24:26 cf. Song of Songs 4:11 and (in fig.) Song of Songs 7:10.

of divine speech, מִצְוִת שׂ׳ Job 23:12, דְּבַר שׂ׳ Psalms 17:4.

language (v. לָשׁוֹן), Genesis 11:1, Genesis 11:6, Genesis 11:7^(×2), Genesis 11:9 Psalms 81:6; עַם עִמְגֵי שׂ׳ Ezekiel 3:5, Ezekiel 3:6 Isaiah 33:19, לַעֲגֵי שׂ׳ Isaiah 28:11; שְׂפַת כְּנַעַן Isaiah 19:18 (i.e. Hebrew).

edge: shore of sea Genesis 22:17 (J) + 7 times; bank of river Gn Genesis 41:3, Genesis 41:17 (E) + 5 times, of wady (נַחַל) Deuteronomy 2:36 + 7 times; lip (bank) of אָבֵל מְחוֹלָה Judges 7:22 cf. GASm^{G. 400}; brim of vessel I Kings 7:23^(×2) + 7 times; edge of altar Ezekiel 43:13; of curtains (in pairs) Exodus 26:4^(×2) (P) + 6 times; of חֹשֶׁן, toward ephod Exodus 28:26 = Exodus 39:19 (P); of round opening in robe לְפִיו (יִהְיֶה) שׂ׳ Exodus 28:32 = Exodus 39:23 (P).

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שָׂפָם

n.[m.] moustache (cf. N. Syriac ܣܲܦܡܵܐ rete; on meaning and form v. Thes Ol⁴⁰⁸ Kö^{ii 73});—abs. שׂ׳ Micah 3:7 +, sf. שְׂפָמוֹ II Samuel 19:25;—moustache: עָשָׂה שׂ׳ II Samuel 19:25 (𝔊 μύσταξ) i.e. trim it; עָטָה עַל־שׂ׳ Micah 3:7 Ezekiel 24:17, Ezekiel 24:22 Leviticus 13:45 (P; v. I. עטה 1).

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שׂפק

v. ספק.

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שָׂפַק

vb. suffice (NH סָפַק suffice, abound, so Ecclus 15:18 +; 𝔗 סְפֵיק, סְפַק, Syriac ܣܦܰܩ; Arabic شَفِقَ is be niggardly, scanty, Lane¹⁵⁷³);—

Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׂפֹּק I Kings 20:10, subj. dust, c. לְ rei.

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שַׂק

v. שׂקק.

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שַׂק²

n.m. ^{Joshua 9:4} sack sackcloth (v. Schwally^{ZAW xi (1891), 173} who conj. Egyptian origin; NH סַק sackcloth (rare); Assyrian šaḳḳu, sack (Dl^{HWB 687 a}), sackcloth (Wkl^{Altor. Forsch. vi. 44}); Ethiopic ሠቅ = BH; Aramaic סַקָּא, ܣܰܩܳܐ; Gk. σάκκος Lewy^{Fremdw. 87});—abs. שׂ׳ Genesis 37:34 +, שָׂ֑ק Jeremiah 48:37 +; sf. שַׂקִּי Psalms 30:12, etc.; pl. שַׂקִּים Joshua 9:4 +, sf. שַׂקֵּיהֶם Genesis 42:35;—

sack, for grain Genesis 42:25, Genesis 42:27 (‖ אַמְתַּחַת), v Genesis 42:35^(×2) (E), Joshua 9:4 (JE), perhaps also Leviticus 11:32 (P).

sackcloth:

worn in mourning and humiliation (v. Now^{Arch. i. 192 f.} SACook^{Ency. Bib. s.v.}), either loose garment like sack, or piece of similar material (of rough, dark hair), fastened round body: put (שִׂים) on loins Genesis 37:34 (J), I Kings 20:31, on (bare) flesh I Kings 21:27 II Kings 6:30, cf. Jeremiah 48:37 Job 16:15 (c. תָּפַר); וְהַעֲלֵיתִי עַל־כָּל־מָתְנַיִם שׂ׳ Amos 8:10; usually חָגַר שַק II Samuel 3:31 Isaiah 15:3; Isaiah 22:12, cf. Isaiah 3:24, Jeremiah 4:8; Jeremiah 6:26; Jeremiah 49:3 Ezekiel 7:18; Ezekiel 27:31 I Kings 20:32 Joel 1:8 Lamentations 2:10; כִּסָּה בַּשּׂ׳ II Kings 19:1, II Kings 19:2 = Isaiah 37:1, Isaiah 37:2, Jonah 3:6, Jonah 3:8 I Chronicles 21:16, fig. of heavens (cf. קָדַר), שׂ׳ אָשִׂים כְּסוּתָם Isaiah 50:3; late לָבַשׁ שׂ׳ put on sackcloth Jonah 3:5 Esther 4:1, cf. v:Esther 4:2 Psalms 35:13; Psalms 69:12; בְּצוֹם וְשׂ׳ Nehemiah 9:1, cf. Daniel 9:3; פִּתַּח שׂ׳ loosen sackcloth Isaiah 20:2 (+ מֵעַל), Psalms 30:12 (opp. שִׂמְחָה), הֵסִיר שׂ׳ מֵעַל Esther 4:4.

same garment (or material) spread out (to lie on), II Samuel 21:10 (c. הִטָּה), Isaiah 58:5 (c. הִצִּיעַ), cf. Esther 4:3; וַיִּשְׁכַּב בַּשׂ׳ I Kings 21:27, לִינוּ בַּשּׂ׳ Joel 1:13.

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שַׂר

v. שׂרר.

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שְׂרוּג

n.pr.m. descendant (i.e. younger branch) of Peleg Genesis 11:20, Genesis 11:21, Genesis 11:22, Genesis 11:23 I Chronicles 1:26; Σερουχ (𝔊L Ch Σερουγ).

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שָׂרִיד

n.m. ^{Jeremiah 47:4} survivor (from a defeat, etc.);—abs. שׂ׳ Isaiah 1:9 +; sf. שְׂרִידוֹ Job 27:15 Kt; pl. שְׂרִידִים Joshua 10:20 Joel 3:5; cstr. שְׂרִידֵי Jeremiah 31:2; sf. שְׂרִידָיו Obadiah 1:14 + Job 27:15 Qr (van d. H. also Kt);—

survivor (often ‖ פָּלִיט): especially עַד בִּלְתִּי הִשְׁאִיר לוֹ שׂ׳ Numbers 21:35; Joshua 8:22 (both JE), Deuteronomy 3:3; Joshua 10:33; Joshua 11:8; II Kings 10:11 (all D); more simply, לֹא הִשׁ׳ שׂ׳ Deuteronomy 2:34; Joshua 10:28, Joshua 10:30, Joshua 10:37, Joshua 10:39, Joshua 10:40 (all D); י׳ הוֹתִיר לָנוּ שׂ׳ Isaiah 1:9; לֹא יִהְיֶה שׂ׳ לְ Jeremiah 42:17; Jeremiah 44:14 Obadiah 1:18; אֵין שׂ׳ Job 18:19; וְהֶאֱבִיד שׂ׳ מֵעִיר Numbers 24:19 (JE); עַם שְׂרִידֵי הָ֑רֶב Jeremiah 31:2, pl. also Joshua 10:20 (subj. of שָֽׂרְדוּ), Joel 3:5; Obadiah 1:14; Job 27:15 (v. supra); sg. also Judges 5:13 (obscure, for שׂ׳ לְ read perhaps יִשְׂרָאֵל GFM Now cf. Bu), Jeremiah 47:4; Lamentations 2:22.

of things: אֵין שׂ׳ לְאָבְלוֹ Job 20:21, i.e. nothing has escaped his greed; יֵ֫רַע שׂ׳ בְּאָהֳלוֹ (אֵשׁ) v Job 20:26.

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שָׂרִיד²

n.pr.loc. on border of Zebulun;—עַד־שׂ׳ Joshua 19:10 (P; Εσεδεκγωλα, A ἕως Σαρθιδ, 𝔊L Σαρειδ), מִשּׂ׳ v Joshua 19:12 (P; ἀπὸ Σεδδουκ; A Σαριδ).

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שְׂרָד

n.[m.] perhaps Aramaic plaited or braided work (cf. then Aramaic סְרָדָא lattice-work, net-work (=BH מִכְבָּר), textile stuff, curtain (= BH קְלָעִים), סַרְדוּתָא plaited or braided work; NH סָרָד plaiter, סָרִיד, סָרוּד woven-work; Hom^{ZMG xliv (1890), 548} cp. Bab. šardu, thong);—always abs.: בִּגְדֵי (הַ)שׂ׳ Exodus 31:10; Exodus 35:19; Exodus 39:1, Exodus 39:41 (all P; all + ב׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ, and last three + לְשָׁרֵת בַּקֹּדֶשׁ); 𝔊 Exodus 31:10 τ. στολὰς τ. λειτουργικάς (cf. Exodus 39:1 [B v Exodus 39:13, 𝔊L v Exodus 39:11]).

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שָׂרָה

n.f. et pr. v. sub שׂרר.

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שָׂרָה²

vb. persist, exert oneself, persevere (Arabic شَرِىَ persist, persevere);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׂ׳ אֶת־א׳ Hosea 12:4 he persevered with God; 2 ms. שָׂרִיתָ עִם־א׳ וְעִם אֲנָשִׁים Genesis 32:29 (J).—Hosea 12:5 has Impf. וַיָּ֫שַׂר in same meaning, as if from a (non-existent) שׂוּר; < read וַיִּ֫שֶׂר (apoc. from וַיִּשְׂרֶה).—שׂוֹרָה Isaiah 28:25 v. supra, p. 965a.

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שְׂרָיָה(וּ)

n.pr.m. (י׳ persisteth Dr^{HastDict. Bib. ii. 530 Jacob});—usually Σαραια(ς);—שְׂרָיָה:

secretary of David II Samuel 8:17, but 𝔊^B Ασα, ‖ שיא II Samuel 20:25 Kt (שְׁוָא Qr), שַׁוְשָׁא I Chronicles 18:16 (in both Ἰησοῦς, 𝔊L Σουσα), שִׁישָׁא I Kings 4:3 (Σαβα, A Σεισα, 𝔊L Σαφατ); orig. in all prob. ששא We Dr Klo (Sausa), HPS (שושא), Now, Bu.

chief priest II Kings 25:18 = Jeremiah 52:24.

a captain II Kings 25:23; Jeremiah 40:8; Jeremiah 51:59^(×2), Jeremiah 51:61.

son of Ḳenaz I Chronicles 4:13, I Chronicles 4:14.

name in Simeon v I Chronicles 4:35.

Levite name 5:40^(×2).

companion of Zerub. Ezra 2:2.

father of Ezra 7:1.

one sealed Nehemiah 10:3.

priest Nehemiah 11:11; Nehemiah 12:1, Nehemiah 12:12.

שְׂרָיָהוּ, officer of king Jehoiakim, Jeremiah 36:26, τῷ Σαρεα.

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שֶׂ֫רֶט

n.[m.] incision;—abs. וְשׂ׳ לָנֶפֶשׁ לֹא תִתְּנוּ בִּבְשַׂרְכֶם Leviticus 19:28.

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שָׂרֶ֫טֶת

n.f. id. (Ba^{§ 93 α β});—שָׂרָ֑טֶת Leviticus 21:5, v. vb. Qal.

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שָׂרַי

v. sub שׂרר.

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שְׂרָיָה(וּ)²

v. sub I. שׂרה.

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שְׂרוֹךְ

n.[m.] (sandal-)thong (? from above √, as crossed and twisted over the foot; on vocalization cf. Arabic supra, Ges^{§ 84 a n} Ba^{NB § 42 e});—cstr., שְׂ׳־נַעַל Genesis 14:23; Isaiah 5:27.

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שָׂרַף

vb. burn (70 times + בָּאֵשׁ, 2 times + בְּמוֹ־אֵשׁ) (NH (rare) = BH; Assyrian šarâpu; Aramaic שְׂרַף (rare); ܣܪܰܦ is absorb, consume);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׂ׳ Joshua 11:9 +, 3 fs. sf. שְׂרָפָ֫תַם Isaiah 47:14, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׂרֹף Numbers 19:5 + 2 times, more often וַיִּשְׂרֹף Exodus 32:20 +, 2 mpl. תִּשְׂרְפוּן Deuteronomy 7:5 + 2 times; Inf. abs. שָׂרוֹף II Samuel 23:7; cstr. שְׂרֹף Jeremiah 36:25 +; sf. שָׂרְפוֹ Judges 9:52; Amos 2:1; Pt. act. שֹׂרֵף Leviticus 16:28; Numbers 19:8, pl. שֹׂרְפִים II Kings 17:31; pass. mpl. שְׂרֻפִים Numbers 17:4; fs. שְׂרוּפָה I Samuel 30:3, שְׂרֻפָה Psalms 80:17, pl. שְׂרוּפוֹת Nehemiah 3:34, cstr. שְׂרֻפוֹת Isaiah 1:7;—burn (59 times + בָּאֵשׁ, 2 times + בְּמוֹ־אֵשׁ):

in making bricks, + לִשְׂרֵפָה Genesis 11:3 (J; obj. om.).

c. acc. rei, usually to destroy, e.g. door Judges 9:52, house Judges 12:1; I Kings 16:18 (both c. עַל pers.), Jeremiah 39:8 + 11 times, cf. pt. pass. Nehemiah 3:24, city Joshua 6:24 I Samuel 30:1, I Samuel 30:14 + 16 times, cf. pt. pass. I Samuel 30:3; Isaiah 1:7, chariots Joshua 11:6, Joshua 11:9 II Kings 23:11 Psalms 46:10 (subj. י׳), idols, etc., Exodus 32:20 (acc. om.), Deuteronomy 9:21 + 10 times, roll †Jeremiah 36:25, Jeremiah 36:27, Jeremiah 36:28, Jeremiah 36:29, Jeremiah 36:32, wood †Isaiah 44:16, Isaiah 44:19 (both + בְּמוֹ־אֵשׁ), cf. Psalms 80:17 (fig.), Jeremiah 51:32, hair †Ezekiel 5:4; bones, to lime (as outrage) †Amos 2:1; upon altars (in desecration) †I Kings 13:2; II Kings 23:16, II Kings 23:20 = II Chronicles 34:5; bodies, as funeral rite † I Samuel 31:12 (rare custom, RS^{Sem i. 353; 2nd ed. 372}; but Klo Bu read יִשְׂפְּדוּ [= יִס׳]; cf. Benz^{Arch. 163; Ency. Bib. Dead} Now^{Arch. i. 188}); שׂ׳ as funeral rite also (obj. om., prob spices, cf. II Chronicles 16:14), †c. ל pers. mort. Jeremiah 34:5, + acc. cogn. שְׂרֵפָה II Chronicles 16:14 (cf. שְׂרֵפָה); in ceremonial of P (never of burning sacrif. on altar, הִקְטִיר, cf. הֶעֱלָה, but) chiefly (14 times) of consuming refuse, especially unused portions of victims, etc. (to prevent use), and infected objects, Exodus 29:14, Exodus 29:34 +, sometimes מִחוּץ לַמַּחֲנֶה Leviticus 4:12 (+ עַל־עֵצִים), v Leviticus 4:21^(×2) + 4 times, etc., cf. Ezekiel 43:21; also of burning red heifer (to produce ashes for purification) Numbers 19:5^(×2), Numbers 19:8.

burn, c. acc. pers., (1) as penalty Joshua 7:25 (JE), Judges 14:15; Judges 15:6 Leviticus 20:14, cf. Numbers 17:4 (pt. pass.), so, אֵשׁ subj., Isaiah 47:14, c. acc. cogn. שְׂרֵפָה Leviticus 10:6 (P); (2) as sacrifice, Jeremiah 7:31; Jeremiah 19:5; + ל dei Deuteronomy 12:31; II Kings 17:31.

Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׂרֵף Joshua 7:15 +, 3 fpl. תִּשָּׂרַפְנָה Proverbs 6:27, etc.;—be burned (11 times + בָּאֵשׁ): of city Jeremiah 38:17 + v Jeremiah 38:23 (read תִּשָּׂרֵף for תִּשְׂרֹף 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗 Hi Ew Gf Gie Du), idols, etc., Micah 1:7; I Chronicles 14:12; ritually (cf. Qal 2 a ad fin.) Leviticus 4:12; Leviticus 6:23; Leviticus 7:17, Leviticus 7:19; Leviticus 13:52; Leviticus 19:6; of pers., as penalty Genesis 38:24 (J), Joshua 7:15 (JE), II Samuel 23:7 (poet.), Leviticus 21:9 (H).

Pt. sf. מְסָֽרְפוֹ Amos 6:10 his burner, usually one burning him, but prob. burning spices for him, v. Dr and cf. Qal supra.

Pf. 3 ms. שׂרָ֑ף, of goat Leviticus 10:16 it was burnt up (and gone).

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שָׂרָף

n.m. ^{Isaiah 14:29} fiery, serpent, usually venomous (poss. from above √, from burning effect of poison);—abs. שׂ׳ Numbers 21:8 (JE; on Arabic parallels v. Jacob^{Ar. Dichter ii. 93, iv. 10 f.}), appos. נָחָשׁ שׂ׳ Deuteronomy 8:15, pl. הַנְּחָשִׁים הַשְּׂרָפִים Numbers 21:6; a flying serpent, or dragon, שָׂרָף מְעוֹפֵף Isaiah 14:29; Isaiah 30:6.

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שָׂרָף²

n.m. ^{Isaiah 6:2} pl. שְׂרָפִים seraphim (prob. akin to i. שׂ׳, as beings orig. mythically conceived with serpents’ bodies (serpent-deities, cf. Isaiah 14:29; Isaiah 30:6), or (Che^Comm.) personif. of lightning, cf. arts. Seraphim, Strachan^{Hast. DB.} Che^{Ency. Bib.}; Di Marti al. cp. also Egyptian guardian-griffins, called Šerref; v. also כְּרוּב; on Assyrian Šarrapu, epith. of god Nergal, connected by Dl^WB; with √ שָׂרַף, v. שָׂרָב, Zim^KAT.^{3 415});—in OT. majestic beings with six wings, and human hands and voices, attendant upon י׳ Isaiah 6:2, Isaiah 6:6.

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שָׂרָף³

n.pr.m. a Judahite;—I Chronicles 4:22; Σαια, A 𝔊L Σαραφ.

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שְׂרֵפָה

n.f. burning;—abs. שׂ׳ Isaiah 9:4 +, cstr. שְׂרֵפַת Numbers 19:6 +;—לשׂ׳ of brick-burning Genesis 11:3 (+ שָׂרַף); destructive Amos 4:11; Isaiah 9:4, of land Deuteronomy 29:22, of temple, הָיָה לִשְׂרֵפַת אֵשׁ Isaiah 64:10, הַר שׂ׳ Jeremiah 51:25 i.e. a burnt-out volcano (fig. of Bab.); of heifer Numbers 19:6, cf. v Numbers 19:17; of spices (prob.) as funeral rite II Chronicles 16:14 (as acc. cogn.), II Chronicles 21:19 (obj. of עָשָׂה), v II Chronicles 21:19; of pers. (penal) Leviticus 10:6 (acc. cogn., י׳ subj.), Numbers 17:2.

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שֹׂרֵק

n.[m.] choice species of vine;—abs. שׂ׳ Isaiah 5:2, שׂוֹ׳ Jeremiah 2:21 (both in fig.).

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שֹׂרֵק²

(van d. H. שׂוֹ׳) n.pr.loc. in נַ֫חַל שׂ׳ Judges 16:4 (proposes Wady of choice vines);—𝔊 Σωρηχ[κ]; prob. Wady Ṣurâr (GASm^{Geogr. 218 ff.}), on N. side of which is ruin Sûrîk, 3/4 h. W. of Ṣur‘ah (Ẓor‘ah), Survey^{iii. 53} GFM^{ad loc.}

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שַׂר²

n.m. chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince (NH especially of angels; Assyrian šarru, king);—abs. שַׂר II Samuel 3:38 +, הַשַּׂר Micah 7:3 +, שָׂ֑ר Hosea 3:4 +; cstr. שַׂר Judges 4:2 +; sf. שַׂרְכֶם Daniel 10:21; pl. שָׂרִים I Kings 4:2 +; cstr. שָׂרֵי Genesis 12:15 +; sf. שָׂרַי Judges 5:15; Isaiah 10:8, שָׂרֵיכֶם Jeremiah 44:21, שָׂרֵיהֶם Isaiah 3:4 +;—

chieftain, leader:

pl. of Isr. Numbers 21:18 (poem in JE; ‖ נְדִיב הָעָם), of Issachar Judges 5:15 (poem); שָׂרֵי גִלְעָד Judges 10:18 is dub. (we should expect וְשׂ׳, and cf. זִקְנֵי ג׳, instead, Judges 11:5-11); of Midian Judges 7:25; Judges 8:3; Philistines I Samuel 29:3^(×2), I Samuel 29:4^(×2), I Samuel 29:9 (appar. = סְרָנִים v I Samuel 29:2, I Samuel 29:6, I Samuel 29:7 [We], yet disting. by HPS and [with reserve] Bu; 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 Th Bu del. in v I Samuel 29:4), cf. I Samuel 18:30; poet., of כְּמוֹשׂ (i.e. the leading Moabites) Jeremiah 48:7, of מלכם (q.v.; i.e. the leading Ammonites) Amos 1:15 = Jeremiah 49:3.

sg. David as leader of freebooters I Samuel 22:2; cf. שׂ׳ גְּדוּד I Kings 11:24, pl. II Samuel 4:2.

vassal, noble, official, under king (acting, on occasion, as counsellor, commander, etc.):

pl., in Egypt Genesis 12:15 (J) + 3 times Is + Genesis 30:4 Di Du Skinner (> of foreign embassy [cf. ‖ מַלְאָכָיו] Che al. reading [Che^Heb.Hpt. Marti] שָׂרִים), 105:22; Moab Numbers 22:8 + 8 times Numbers 22:22, Numbers 22:23 (JE), Amos 2:3; Edom Isaiah 34:12 (‖ חֹרִים); As. 10:8; 31:9; Bab. 21:5 + 7 times Je + II Chronicles 32:31 (but here perhaps vaguely = authorities); other nations Jeremiah 49:38 + 17 times Ezr Est; in gen. Isaiah 49:7; officials, officials class, under kings of Israel: David (only Chr) I Chronicles 22:17 + 5 times 1 Ch, Ezra 8:20; Sol. I Kings 4:2; Jehoiachin II Kings 24:12, II Kings 24:14; Zedek. Jeremiah 34:21; II Chronicles 36:18; other kings 19 times 2 Chr; in gen. Ecclesiastes 10:16, Ecclesiastes 10:17; see also (Judah) Jeremiah 1:18 + 31 times Je (Jeremiah 17:25 del. שׂ׳ Gf Che Gie Du), 4 times La, Ezekiel 17:12, Zephaniah 1:8 (where disting. from בְּנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ, who are never called שׂ׳); so, in gen., Nehemiah 9:32, Nehemiah 9:34 Daniel 9:6, Daniel 9:8; and (N. Isr.) Hosea 3:4 + 6 times Ho.

as having powers of magistrate Exodus 2:14 (E. + שֹׁפֵט); under Moses (over groups of 1000, 100, 50, 10) Exodus 18:21 + 7 times 18 (E), Deuteronomy 1:15^(×4); later in Judah Hosea 5:10 (Now reads שָׂרֵי יִשׂ׳), Isaiah 1:23, cf. Isaiah 3:4, Isaiah 3:14; Isaiah 32:1; Micah 7:3 (sg.; ‖ שֹׁפֵט), Zephaniah 3:3 (‖ id.), Ezekiel 22:27, cf. Proverbs 8:16 (‖ נְדִיבִים); Proverbs 28:2 read perhaps צָרֶיהָ, v. Toy.

as ruler or magistrate of a district (מְדִינָה), I Kings 20:14, I Kings 20:15, I Kings 20:17, I Kings 20:19 (cf. Esther 1:3; Esther 8:9; Esther 9:3, שָׂרֵי עַם וָעָם Esther 3:12).

as commandant of city, שׂ׳ הָעִיר Judges 9:30, cf. I Kings 22:26 = II Chronicles 18:25, II Kings 23:8; II Chronicles 34:8; of citadel, שׂ׳ הַבִּירָה Nehemiah 7:2; pl. of city officials, שׂ׳ סֻכּוֹת Judges 8:6, Judges 8:14 (disting. from זְקֵנִים), cf. II Kings 10:1; II Chronicles 29:20.

specif. military, = captain, general:

שַׂר־(ה)צבא Genesis 21:22, Genesis 21:32 (E), Genesis 26:26 (J), I Samuel 12:9 + 23 times, + שׂ׳־צ׳־י׳ Joshua 5:14, Joshua 5:15 (JE; צָבָא 1 b), angel-captain in vision; v. also 8, 9; שָׂרֵי הַצּ׳ I Kings 1:25 + 3 times Chr, שָׂרִים בַּצּ׳ I Chronicles 12:22 (Gi Baer; van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:21); שָׂרֵי צְבָאוֹת Deuteronomy 20:9; I Kings 2:5; I Chronicles 27:3; שַׂר־הַחַ֫יִל II Samuel 24:2 (but read וְאֶל־שָׂרֵי as 𝔊L and ‖ I Chronicles 21:2 Th We Dr HPS Bu), שָׂרֵי (הַ)ח׳ v I Chronicles 21:4^(×2), II Kings 9:5; II Chronicles 33:14; Nehemiah 2:9, שָׂרֵי הַחֲיָלִים I Kings 15:20 = II Chronicles 16:4; II Kings 25:23; II Kings 25:26 Jeremiah 40:7, Jeremiah 40:13 + 7 times Je; שָׂרֵי מִלְחָמוֹת II Chronicles 32:6; so (ה)שׂר alone II Samuel 18:5; II Samuel 19:7 I Kings 9:22 = II Chronicles 8:9 𝔊^B Be Kit (שָׂרָיו וְשָׁלִישָׁיו, for MT שָׂרֵי שׂ׳), II Kings 9:5^(×2); I Chronicles 11:6, I Chronicles 11:21 + 9 times, + Job 39:25 Daniel 11:5; שׂ׳ וְגָדוֹל II Samuel 3:38 (of Abner); poss. military fig. also in שַׂר שָׁלוֹם Isaiah 9:5 (Mess. name).

leading companies of 50 II Kings 1:9-14; Isaiah 3:3, of 100; I Samuel 22:7 + 16 times + I Samuel 8:12 (reading מֵאוֹת for חֲמִשִּׁים 𝔊 HPS, cf. We; Bu ins. שָׂרֵי מֵאוֹת), of 1000; I Samuel 17:18 + 11 times, + שָׂרֵי הָאֲלָפִים וְהַמֵּאוֹת I Chronicles 13:1 I Chronicles 26:26 (disting. from שָׂרֵי הַצָּבָא), I Chronicles 27:1; I Chronicles 29:6; II Chronicles 1:2; also שׂ׳ הָרֶכֶב captain of the chariotry I Kings 22:31, I Kings 22:32, I Kings 22:33 = II Chronicles 18:30, II Chronicles 18:31, II Chronicles 18:32 + 3 times + שָׂרֵי ר׳ וּפָרָשָׁיו I Kings 9:22 = II Chronicles 8:9.

chief, head, of other official classes: שַׂר הַטַּבָּחִים, Egypt, Genesis 37:36 + 5 times; שָׂרֵי הָרָצִים I Kings 14:27 = II Chronicles 12:10; שָׂרֵי הַנִּצָּבִים I Kings 5:30; I Kings 9:23 = II Chronicles 8:10; even domestic positions (court of Pharaoh), שַׂר הַמַּשְׁקִים Genesis 40:2 + 5 times, שַׂר הָאוֹפוֹת Genesis 40:2 + 4 times (all E); שָׂרֵי הַמַּהְלְקוֹת I Chronicles 28:1, i.e. of the successive courses of royal military officials; cf. הַשַּׂר I Chronicles 27:28; שַׂר הַסָּרִיסִים Daniel 1:7, Daniel 1:8, Daniel 1:9, Daniel 1:10, Daniel 1:11, Daniel 1:18; שַׂר מְנוּחָה Jeremiah 51:59.

= overseer: שַׂר בֵּית הַסֹּהַר Genesis 39:21, Genesis 39:23, שָׂרֵי מִקְנֶה Genesis 47:6 (all J; cf. אַבִּיר הָרֹעִים I Samuel 21:8), שָׂרֵי מִסִּים Exodus 1:11 (J); cf. I Chronicles 15:27; I Chronicles 29:6; I Chronicles 27:31; I Chronicles 28:1.—In I Chronicles 15:22 read prob. סַר הַמַּשָּׂא (= שַׂר) overseer of the carrying (for MT בְּמַשָּׂא יָסֹר בַּמַּשָּׂא), so 𝔊 Benz Kit, Be יָסֹר = יָשׂר; v. another view יָסַר Qal.

of religious office: שָׂרֵי הַכֹּהֲנִים Ezra 8:24, Ezra 8:29; Ezra 10:5 II Chronicles 36:14; שׂ׳ הַלְוִיִּם I Chronicles 15:16, I Chronicles 15:22 II Chronicles 35:9, cf. I Chronicles 15:5, I Chronicles 15:6, I Chronicles 15:7, I Chronicles 15:8, I Chronicles 15:9, I Chronicles 15:10; heads of classes or courses of priests, called שָׂרֵי קֹדֶשׁ I Chronicles 24:5, שׂ׳ אֱלֹהִים v I Chronicles 24:5;—שָׂרֵי ק׳ Isaiah 43:28 (usually consecrated princes, whether priests, or kings, or both) is prob. corrupt, read perhaps שַׁעֲרֵי (Du) or וַיְחַלְּלוּ שָׂרֶיךָ קָדְשִׁי 𝔊 Houb Klo Che^Hpt Gr (substantially).

late, of representative leaders of people, tribal heads, שׂ׳ שִׁבְטֵי יִשׂ׳ I Chronicles 27:22; I Chronicles 29:6, cf. I Chronicles 28:1; appar. = elders, שׂ׳ הָעָם Ezekiel 11:1; II Chronicles 24:23; שׂ׳ alone, Psalms 68:28^(×3); in post-exilic Jerus. Ezra 9:1; Ezra 9:2 Nehemiah 4:10; Nehemiah 10:1; Nehemiah 11:1 (שָׂרֵי הָעָם), + elders Ezra 10:8, Ezra 10:14; called שָׂרֵי יְהוּדָה Nehemiah 12:31, Nehemiah 12:32; of district-rulers Nehemiah 3:9, Nehemiah 3:12, Nehemiah 3:14, Nehemiah 3:15, Nehemiah 3:16, Nehemiah 3:17, Nehemiah 3:18, Nehemiah 3:19; of heads of families, שָׂרֵי הָאָבוֹת Ezra 8:29; I Chronicles 29:6 (= רָאשֵׁי הָא׳ I Chronicles 24:31; I Chronicles 27:1; Nehemiah 7:69).

late, as term of rank and dignity, Isaiah 23:8 (cf. ‘merchant-princes’), Job 3:15; Job 29:9 (‖ נְגִידִים), Job 34:19 Psalms 45:17; Psalms 82:7; Psalms 148:11, opp. עבד(ים) Proverbs 19:10; Ecclesiastes 10:7; formidable foes Psalms 119:23, Psalms 119:161.

= patron-angel, only Dn: פָּרַס (מַלְכוּת) שַׂר Daniel 10:13, Daniel 10:20, שׂ׳ יָוָן v Daniel 10:20; specif. of מִיכָאֵל v Daniel 10:13, Daniel 10:21; Daniel 12:1.

שַׂר־הַצָבָא Daniel 8:11 = God (prob., cf. צָבָא 1 c; yet v. also צ׳ 1 b), so שַׂר שָׂרִים v Daniel 8:25.

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שָׂרַר

vb. denom. (Gerber²⁰) be, or act as, prince, rule;—

Impf. 3 ms. וַיָּ֫שַׂר עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל Judges 9:22 Abim. ruled over Isr. three years; 3 mpl. שָׂרִים … יָשׂ֑רוּ Isaiah 32:1 princes shall govern (prince it) justly (‖ יִמְלָךְ־מֶלֶךְ), cf. Proverbs 8:16; Pt. לִהְיוֹת … שֹׂרֵר Esther 1:22 that every man should bear rule בְּבֵיתוֹ.

Impf., 2 ms. + Inf. abs. כִּי־תִשְׂתָּרֵר עָלֵינוּ גַּס־הִשְׂתָּרֵר Numbers 16:13 that thou shouldst also keep playing the prince over us.—יָסֹר I Chronicles 15:22 v. יָסַר Qal and שַׂר 4 b. Hiph. Pf. 3 pl. metapl. הֵשִׂירוּ (Ges^{§ 67 v}) Hosea 8:4 they made princes (abs.; ‖ הִמְלִיכוּ).

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שָׂרָה³

n.f. princess, noble lady;—cstr. שָׂרָ֫תִי (Ges^{§ 90 l}) Lamentations 1:1; pl. שָׂרוֹת I Kings 11:3, cstr. id. Esther 1:18; sf. שָׂרוֹתֶיהָ Judges 5:29, -תֵיהֶם Isaiah 49:23;—princesses attending Sisera’s mother Judges 5:29; of Sol.’s wives I Kings 11:3, other queens Isaiah 49:23 (‖ מְלָכִים); wives of nobles Esther 1:18; fig. of Jerus. Lamentations 1:1.

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שָׂרָה⁴

n.pr.f. wife of Abraham (princess);—Σαρρα: Genesis 17:15 (where formal change from שָׂרַי), v Genesis 17:17, Genesis 17:19, Genesis 17:21; Genesis 21:1, Genesis 21:3; Genesis 23:1^(×2), Genesis 23:2^(×2), Genesis 23:19; Genesis 25:10, Genesis 25:12; Genesis 49:31 (all P), Genesis 18:6 + 9 times Genesis 18:18, Genesis 21:1, Genesis 21:2; Genesis 24:36, Genesis 24:67 (all J), Genesis 20:2^(×2), Genesis 20:14, Genesis 20:16, Genesis 20:18; Genesis 21:6, Genesis 21:7, Genesis 21:9, Genesis 21:12 (all E); an ancestress of Hebrews Isaiah 51:2.

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שָׂרַי²

n.pr.f. wife of Abram (Nö^{ZMG xiii (1888), 484} Ges^{§ 801} Kö^{ii. 1, 427} make = foregoing, with old fem. ending י—ַ; >Lag^{BN 92, Anm.}*, emphasizing diff. in 𝔊, der.froma √ شرى, and cp. شراة, name of a barren mt.; cf. RS יִשְׂרָאֵל supr., sub I. שׂרה);—𝔊 Σαρα;—Genesis 11:30 (J), v Genesis 11:31 (P), Genesis 12:5, Genesis 12:11, Genesis 12:17; Genesis 16:1, Genesis 16:2, Genesis 16:3, Genesis 16:5, Genesis 16:6^(×2), Genesis 16:8^(×2) (all J), Genesis 17:15 (P); שָׂרָ֑י Genesis 11:29 (J), Genesis 16:2 (J), Genesis 17:15 (P).

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שָׂשׂוֹן²

v. שׂוֹשׂ.

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שָׂתַם

vb. usually stop up, in sense of shut out, shut ears against (late ‖ form of סָתַם; yet awkward; Ba^{ES 9} cp. Arabic شَمَّتَ frustrate, disappoint);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׂ׳ תְּפִלָּתִי Lamentations 3:8 (> van d. H. שָׂתָם) he (י׳) hath shut out my prayer (Bu שׂ׳ מִתּ׳ shut up [himself] from).

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שָׁאַב

vb. draw (water) (NH id., also attract; Aramaic שְׁאֵיב, of magnet; Arabic سَأَبَ be satisfied with drinking);—

Pf. 2 mpl. consec. וּשְׁאַבְהֶּם Isaiah 12:3; Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּשְׁאַב Genesis 24:20, -אָ֑ב v Genesis 24:45; 1 s. אֶשְׁאָ֑ב v Genesis 24:19, Genesis 24:44; 3 mpl. יִשְׁאֲבוּן Ruth 2:9, וַיִּשְׁאֲבוּ I Samuel 7:6 + 2 times; Imv. fs. שַׁאֲבִי Nahum 3:14; Pt. ms. שֹׁאֵב Deuteronomy 29:10, pl. cstr. שֹׁאֲבֵי Joshua 9:21, Joshua 9:23, Joshua 9:27; fpl. הַשֹּׁאֲבֹת Genesis 24:11;—draw water, c. acc. מַיִם Genesis 24:13 (J), I Samuel 7:6; I Samuel 9:11, + מִן of source II Samuel 23:16 = I Chronicles 11:8, Isaiah 12:3 (fig.); מֵי מָצוֹר שׁ׳ לָךְ Nahum 3:14; מַיִם om. Genesis 24:20, Genesis 24:43, Genesis 24:45 and (+ ל of animals) v Genesis 24:19, Genesis 24:20, Genesis 24:41 (all J); c. acc. אֲשֶׁר Ruth 2:9 drink of that which the young men draw; Pt. fpl. Genesis 24:11 the water-drawing women; m. שֹׁאֵב מֵימֶיךָ Deuteronomy 29:10 (servile labour, ‖ חֹטֵב עֵצֶיךָ), so mpl. Joshua 9:21, Joshua 9:23, Joshua 9:27 (P; all c. ל, and all ‖ חֹטְבֵי עֵצִים).

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שָׁאַג

vb. roar (NH id.; Arabic ثَأَجَ low, bleat, Frey);—

Pf. 3 ms. וְשׁ׳ Isaiah 5:29 Kt consec. (>Qr יִשְׁאַג), שָׁאָ֖ג Amos 3:8, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁאַג Amos 3:4 +, etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁאֹג Jeremiah 25:30; Pt. שֹׁאֵג Judges 14:5 Psalms 22:14, שׁוֹאֵג Ezekiel 22:25, שֹׁאֲגִים Zephaniah 3:3 Psalms 104:21;—

roar, of lion Judges 14:5 (c. לִקְרָאתוֹ), Amos 3:4, Amos 3:8 Psalms 104:21 (c. ל of prey), fig. of invaders and foes Jeremiah 2:15 (c. עַל pers.) Psalms 22:14, cf. Psalms 74:4, sim. Isaiah 5:29; Jeremiah 51:38; fig. of rapacious rulers Zephaniah 3:3; Ezekiel 22:25 (read נְשִׂיאֶיהָ for נְבִיאֶיהָ 𝔊 and mod.); of י׳ (like lion) calling scattered Isr. Hosea 11:10^(×2) (on text of v. see Now); of י׳ roaring in thunder Jeremiah 25:30 = Amos 1:2 = Joel 4:16, also Jeremiah 25:30 (שָׁאֹג יִשְׁאַג, sq. עַל־נָוֵהוּ); cf. יִשְׁאַג־קוֹל Job 37:4 (‖ יַרְעֵם).

of human cry in distress Psalms 38:9 (c. מִן causat.).

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שְׁאָגָה

n.f. roaring;—

like lion, abs. שׁ׳ Isaiah 5:29 (of invaders); of lion, cstr. שַׁאֲגַת Zechariah 11:3; Job 4:10 (fig. of wicked), sf. קוֹל שַׁאֲגָתוֹ Ezekiel 19:7 (fig. of conquering king).

human cry in distress, שַׁאֲגָתִי Psalms 32:3, דִּבְרֵי שׁ׳ Psalms 22:2, שַׁאֲגֹתָ֑י Job 3:24.

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שָׁאָה

vb. make a din or crash, crash into ruins (perhaps akin to שׁוֹאָה (√ שׁוא) storm, devastation; > Aramaic ܫܗܳܐ be deserted, שַׁהֲוָוא, שַׁהֲוָתָא desert);—

Pf. 3 pl. שָׁאוּ Isaiah 6:11 until cities have crashed into ruins; + perhaps Nahum 1:5 (p. 671^a).

Impf. 3 fs. תִּשָּׁאֶה שְׁמָמָה Isaiah 6:11, usually, and the ground be ruined into a desolation, but 𝔊 Lo Du Marti תִּשָּׁאֵר be left a desol.; 3 mpl. יִשָּׁא֑וּן Isaiah 17:12 they are in uproar (of nations, ‖ יֶהֱמָיוּן), v Isaiah 17:13 (but del. as doublet Du Che^Hpt. Marti).

Inf. cstr. לְהַשְׁאוֹת Isaiah 37:26, = לַהְשׁוֹת II Kings 19:25 (Ges^{§ 23 f} Kö^{i. 570}, who follow van d. H. in giving לְהַשְׁאוֹת as Qr, but v. Baer Gi), to cause … cities to crash into ruined heaps.

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שַׁאֲוָה

Kt, שׁוֹאָה Qr, n.f. devastating storm;—sim. Proverbs 1:27 (‖ סוּפָה). V. שׁוֹאָה, √ II. שׁוא.

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שָׁאוֹן

n.m. ^{Hosea 10:14} roar (of waters, etc.), din, crash, uproar;—abs. שׁ׳ Hosea 10:14 +; cstr. שְׁאוֹן Isaiah 13:4 +; sf. שְׁאוֹנָהּ Isaiah 5:14;—

roar of water (waves), Isaiah 17:12 (‖ הָמָה), sim. of noise of invading host, so v Isaiah 17:13, but del. Du Che^Hpt. Marti, as doublet; roar of this host v Isaiah 17:12 (‖ הָמוֹן), cf. שְׁאוֹן קוֹלָם Jeremiah 51:55; of waves also Psalms 65:8^(×2); of din or crash of battle Amos 2:2 Hosea 10:14 Psalms 74:23; בְּנֵי שׁ׳ Jeremiah 48:45 (i.e. warriors); of battle in which י׳ beats down his foes Jeremiah 25:31, cf. Isaiah 66:6; of gathering hosts Isaiah 13:4; שׁ׳ זָרִים Isaiah 25:5 (Du Marti, plausibly, גְּאוֹן זֵדֵים, as Isaiah 13:11); read שׁ׳ also prob. (for שַׁאֲנָן, q.v.) II Kings 19:28 = Isaiah 37:29; in mocking appell. of Pharaoh (Necho), Jeremiah 46:17 פ׳ (𝔊 𝔖 𝔙) קִרְאוּ שֵׁם call ye the name of Ph. a Crash.

uproar of revellers Isaiah 5:14; Isaiah 24:8.—בּוֹר שׁ׳ Psalms 40:3, pit of roaring (of waters? fig., cf. מַעֲמַקֵּי־מַיִם Psalms 69:3, where also ‖ יָוֵן); Thes al. of destruction (v. √ 2), but against usage of שָׁאוֹן; > Du proposes בּוֹר שָׁוְא (cf. נָפַת שָׁוְא Isaiah 30:28).

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שֵׁאת

n.f. doubtful word; perhaps (for* שֶׁאֶת) din of battle (= שָׁאוֹן); Thes al. devastation, cf. שְׁאִיָּה; either meaning suits הַשּׁ׳ Lamentations 3:47 (‖ הַשָּׁ֑בֶר; but We^{Comp. Hex. 2, 351}, from II. שׁוא, desolation); contr. (according to Thes and most) שֵׁת, in בְּנֵי שֵׁת Numbers 24:17 (J) sons of (battle-)din (warriors, = בְּנֵי שָׁאוֹן in ‖ Jeremiah 48:45); Vrss take שֵׁת here as n.pr.; Gray proposes שֵׂת = שְׂאֵת, pride, or reading as Je, cf. We^{Comp. 351}.

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שָׁאָה²

vb.

gaze (appar. ‖ form of שָׁעָה, q.v.);—Pt. ms. הָאִישׁ מִשְׁתָּאֵה לָהּ Genesis 24:21 (J) the man was gazing at her (Ges^{§ 130 a}).

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שָׁאַל

vb. ask, inquire (NH id.; Assyrian šaʾâlu, Arabic سَأَلَ, Ethiopic ሰአለ: Sab. מסאל request, petition, Hom^{Chrest. 124} Levy-Os^{ZMG xix (1865), 165}; Aramaic ܫܶܐܠ, שְׁאֵיל; O Aramaic Zinj. שאל Ldzb³⁷¹, Nab. Hiph. lend id.^ib.;—on שׁ׳ cf. Jastr^{JBL xix (1900), 82 ff.});—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Judges 5:25 +, שָׁאָ֑ל Judges 8:26 + 2 times; consec. וְשָׁ֫אַל לוֹ Numbers 27:21; sf. וּשְׁאֵלְךָ consec. Genesis 32:18 (Ges^{§ 64 f}), וּשְׁאֵלֵךְ consec. Judges 4:20; 1 s. sf. שְׁאִלְתִּיו I Samuel 1:20, שְׁאִלְתִּיהוּ Judges 13:16; 3 pl. sf. שְׁאֵלוּנוּ Psalms 137:3; 2 mpl. שְׁאֶלְתֶּם I Samuel 12:13 (del. 𝔊 Th We Dr and most), Job 21:29, וּשְׁאֶלְתֶּס־ consec. I Samuel 25:5, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁאַל Exodus 22:13 +, etc.; Imv. שְׁאַל Isaiah 7:11 +, שְׁאָלוּנִי Isaiah 45:11 (< תִּשְׁאָלוּנִי Weir Che al.), etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁאוֹל Genesis 43:7 +; cstr. לִשְׁאֹל Judges 1:14 +, etc.; Pt. act. שֹׁאֵל II Samuel 3:13 +, fs. שֹׁאֶלֶת I Kings 2:20, I Kings 2:22, mpl. הַשֹּׁאֲלִים I Samuel 8:10; pass. שָׁאוּל I Samuel 1:28; II Kings 6:5;—

ask, ask for, acc. rei (vel pers.) Judges 5:25; Judges 8:26; I Kings 3:10 Psalms 122:6 (= pray for) +; שׁ׳ אֶת־נַפְשׁוֹ לָמוּת I Kings 19:4; Jonah 4:8, i.e. pray for death, but Job 31:30 demand the life of another בְּאָלָה by a curse; c. ל pers. I Kings 2:22^(×2) + (ל pers. reflex.) I Samuel 12:17, I Samuel 12:19 +; c. מִן pers. Judges 8:24 (acc. cogn.), Ezra 8:22; Zechariah 10:1 +; sq. הָבִין I Kings 3:11; sq. cl. שׁ׳ מָה אֶתֶּן־לָֽךְ׃ I Kings 3:5 = II Chronicles 1:7, cf. II Kings 2:9; c. acc. + מֵאֵת pers. I Samuel 8:10 Psalms 27:4 (from י׳) +; + מֵעִם pers. Isaiah 7:11 (from י׳) +; c. acc. pers. (from whom) + rei †Psalms 137:3; acc. om. Isaiah 7:12; II Samuel 12:20; I Kings 2:20; c. מִן pers. Psalms 2:8; abs. Micah 7:3 Psalms 105:40 (of prayer); הִקְשִׁיתָ לִשְׁאוֹל II Kings 2:10, i.e. thou hast asked for a difficult thing.—I Samuel 2:20 v. Hiph.

specif. ask as a favour, for temporary use, i.e. borrow (cf. לָוָה, as matter of business, v. Bu I Samuel 1:28), Exodus 22:13 (E; acc. rei + מֵעִם pers.), II Kings 4:3 (acc. rei + מִן of source + ל pers. reflex.), II Kings 6:5 (pt. pass. abs.); so also (according to many), c. acc. rei Exodus 3:22 (+ מִן pers.) Exodus 11:2; Exodus 12:35 (both + מֵאֵת pers.; all E),—it is, however, not clear that there was any pretext of mere temporary use; pt. pass. שָׁאוּל לי׳ I Samuel 1:28 (lent, granted) made over to י׳ (in effect pass. of Hiph., q.v.).

in weakened sense, seek, desire (late), c. acc. II Chronicles 11:23 Ecclesiastes 2:10 (subj. עֵינַי); Proverbs 20:4 in harvest he shall look [for a crop], וָאָ֑יִן and there shall be none.

inquire of, c. acc. pers. + לֵאמֹר before inquiry Genesis 32:18 (E), Genesis 44:19 (J) +; c. וְאָמַר Judges 4:20, וַיֹּאמֶר, etc., Genesis 24:47 (J), Jeremiah 37:13; sq. וְאָמַר without acc. pers. Genesis 32:30 (J), cf. I Samuel 19:22, sq. לֵאמֹר Joshua 4:6 (JE); c. acc. pers. + עַל rei Nehemiah 1:2; עַל rei alone, Ecclesiastes 7:10 (+ מֵחָכְמָה, i.e. prompted by wisdom); c. acc. pers. + rei (about which) II Samuel 14:18; Isaiah 45:11 + 4 times; acc. pers. + indir.quest. Judges 13:6; c. acc. pers. only, Judges 8:14; I Samuel 25:8 Deuteronomy 32:7 +, inquire of beasts (acc.) Job 12:7; c. acc. rei only, Jeremiah 50:5; c. ל pers. = acc. II Kings 8:6 (Kö^{Synt. § 289 h}); c. ל rei about which Genesis 26:7 (J), Genesis 32:30 (J), Judges 13:18; II Samuel 11:7; Jeremiah 6:16; Job 8:8, also (+ לאמר before the inquiry) Genesis 43:7 (J), and (sq. direct question) Deuteronomy 4:32; c. ל pers. about whom, Genesis 43:27 (J), cf. phr. of greeting, שׁ׳ אִישׁ לְרֵעֵהוּ לְשָׁלוֹם Exodus 18:7 (E) ask each for (or about) his fellow as to welfare, cf. †Judges 18:15; I Samuel 10:4; I Samuel 17:22; I Samuel 25:5; I Samuel 30:21 [read וַיִּשְׁאֲלוּ לוֹ 𝔊 𝔖 We Dr HPS Bu] II Samuel 8:10; Jeremiah 15:5; I Chronicles 18:10; sq. direct question only, I Samuel 17:56; Jeremiah 18:13 (c. ב loc.), sq. indirect question only (c. אִם) Jeremiah 30:6; שׁ׳ אֶת־פִי פ׳ Genesis 24:57 (J); abs. make inquiry Deuteronomy 13:15 (+ דָּרַשׁ, חָקַר).

inquire of, consult, deity, oracle, etc. (Jastr^{JBL xix (1900), 88 ff.}), sq. acc. פִּי י׳ Joshua 9:14 (JE), Isaiah 30:2, י׳ Isaiah 65:1 (‖ בִּקֵּשׁ); elsewhere in Hex only (acc. om.), Numbers 27:21 (P; c. ל pers. for whom, + ב instr.), cf. Joshua 19:50; also שׁ׳ אוֹב Deuteronomy 18:11 (pt. as subst.; Jäger^{BAS ii. 292} cp. Assyrian maššaku ša šâ’ili, i.e. skin-vessel of the oracle-seeker, cf. Jastr^{JBL xix (1900), 96 ff.}); c. acc. of human agent I Samuel 28:16; Jeremiah 38:14, Jeremiah 38:27; usually (ancient usage, chiefly Ju Sm) שׁ׳ בי׳ לֵאמֹר (בְּ perhaps orig. local, so GFM, or instr.), Judges 1:1; Judges 20:23; I Samuel 23:2; I Samuel 30:8; II Samuel 2:1; II Samuel 5:19 = I Chronicles 14:10; לֵאמֹר om. I Samuel 10:22 (sq. direct question), I Samuel 22:10 (ל pers. for whom), I Samuel 23:4; I Samuel 28:6; II Samuel 5:23 = I Chronicles 14:14; Judges 20:27; שׁ׳ בֵּאלֹהִים Judges 18:5; Judges 20:18; I Samuel 14:37 (sq. direct question), also (ל pers. for whom), I Samuel 22:13, I Samuel 22:15; שׁ׳ בִּדְבַר הָא׳ II Samuel 16:23; likewise שׁ׳ בְּעֵצוֹ Hosea 4:12 (i.e. his idol), בַּתְּרָפִים Ezekiel 21:26, בָּאוֹב I Chronicles 10:13; perhaps = receive as oracle Deuteronomy 18:16 (מֵעִם י׳), Jastr^l.c..

ask for oneself (Ges^{§ 51 e}), specif. ask leave of absence, c. מִן pers.: Pf. 3 ms. + Inf. abs. נִשְׁאֹל נִשְׁאַל I Samuel 20:6 (sq. inf.), v I Samuel 20:28 (sq. עַד;? ins. ל inf. HPS); Pf. 1 s. נִשְׁאַלְתִּי מִן־הַמֶּלֶךְ Nehemiah 13:6 (abs.).

inquire carefully: Impf. 3 mpl. + Qal Inf. abs. שָׁאוֹל יְשָֽׁאֲלוּ II Samuel 20:18 (Bu proposes Qal Impf. יִשְׁאֲלוּ), c. ב loc.; on foll. context v. We Dr HPS Bu.

beg, practise beggary, Pf. 3 pl. וְשִׁאֵ֑לוּ (consec.) Psalms 109:10.

(proposes let one ask [successfully], give, or lend, on request, then) grant, make over to (as a favour, with or without request): Pf. 1 s. sf. הִשְׁאִלְתִּהוּ לי׳ I Samuel 1:28 I have made him over to י׳ (cf. Dr HPS Bu and Qal Pt. pass., ib.); perhaps also read 3 fs. הִשְׁאִילָה לי׳ I Samuel 2:20 (whom) she hath made over to י׳ (for שָׁאַל לי׳) Bu HPS (after 𝔊 in part; other conj. in Dr); Impf. 3 mpl. sf. rei וַיַּשְׁאִלוּם Exodus 12:36 (E) and they handed them over.

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שָׁאוּל

n.pr.m. (= asked (of י׳), cf. שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל infr.; Palm. n.pr. שאילא Lzb³⁷¹ Cooke²⁸³);—Σαουλ:

₃₉₇ 1st king of Isr., I Samuel 9:2, I Samuel 9:3^(×2), I Samuel 9:5 (son of Kish, a Benjamite) + 359 times Sm, 28 times 1 Chr, Psalms 18:1; Psalms 52:2; Psalms 54:2; Psalms 57:1; Psalms 59:1 (all in titles); גִּבְעַת שׁ׳ Isaiah 10:29 (and I Samuel 11:4; I Samuel 15:34; II Samuel 21:6 v. II. גִּבְעָה).

a king of Edom Genesis 36:37, Genesis 36:38 (P) = I Chronicles 1:48, I Chronicles 1:49.

a son of Simeon Genesis 46:10; Exodus 6:15; Numbers 26:13 (all P) = I Chronicles 4:24.

a Levite I Chronicles 6:9.

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שְׁאָ֫לָה

Isaiah 7:11 v. שְׁאוֹל 1.

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שְׁאֵלָה

[i. שֵׁלָה] n.f. request, thing asked for;—שְׁא׳ Judges 8:24 +; sf. שְׁאֵלָתִי I Samuel 1:27 +, שֶׁאֱלָתִי Job 6:8, שְׁאֵלָתֵךְ Esther 5:6 +, שֵׁלָתֵךְ I Samuel 1:17, שֶׁאֱלָתָם Psalms 106:15;—

request, petition, Judges 8:24; I Kings 2:16, I Kings 2:20 (both acc. cogn. c. שָׁאַל), Esther 5:6, Esther 5:7 (c. נָתַן = grant), Esther 7:2, Esther 7:3; Esther 9:12. This passes easily into

thing asked for, I Samuel 2:20, c. נָתַן I Samuel 1:17, I Samuel 1:27; Esther 5:8 Psalms 106:15; תָּבוֹא שׁ׳ Job 6:8.—ii. שֵׁלָה v. infr. אֶשְׁתָּאֹל n.pr.m., v. p. 84a.

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שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל

n.pr.m. (I have asked (him) of God; on acc. cf. (late) Psalms 137:3);—first son of Jehoiachin and uncle of Zerubbabel according to I Chronicles 3:17 (cf. v I Chronicles 3:18, I Chronicles 3:19); but Z.’s father Haggai 1:1; Haggai 2:23; Ezekiel 3:2, Ezekiel 3:8; Nehemiah 12:1 (attempts at explan. in Be Kit Benz).—Σαλαθιηλ.

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שְׁאוֹל

n.f. ^{Psalms 86:13} (appar. m. Job 26:6 cf. Isaiah 14:9, v. Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 51}) Sh^eʾôl, underworld (√ dub.; שׁאל, i.e. place of inquiry (ref. to necromancy) Jastr^{Am. J. Sem. Lang. xiv. 170, cf. JBL xix (1900), 88 ff.} (Jerem^{Leben n. d. Tode 109} ‘Ort der Entscheidung’); Thes Bö^{De Inf. § 158} Di al. cp. √ שׁעל, whence שֹׁעַל hollow hand, etc.; שׁ׳ then = hollow place, ‘Hölle’, hell; other conj. v. Hup Psalms 6:6; De Isaiah 5:14 Beer^{Bibl. Hades} in Holtzmann^{Festgabe, 1902, 15}; most now refrain from positive etymology (e.g. Buhl); Old Aramaic שאול, Syriac ܫܝܽܘܠ; Assyrian šu-alu is dub.: so read and interpr. Dl^{Pa 121; Prol. 47, 145} Jastr^{Am. J. Sem. Lang. xiv. 165 ff.} Ency. Bib.^s.v.; opp. by Bertin^{TSBA viii. 269} Jen^{Kosmol. 223 ff.} Zim^{KAT 3. 636} al.; v. also Muss-Arnolt^{JBL xi (1892), 169} and reff.);—always abs., שְׁאוֹל Deuteronomy 32:22 + 52 times, ה—ָ Genesis 42:38 Psalms 9:18; שְׁאֹל I Kings 2:6; Job 17:16, ה—ָ Genesis 37:35 + 7 times; + Isaiah 7:11 (so read for שְׁאָ֫לָה Aq Σ Θ Du Che and now most);—

the underworld, שׁ׳ תַּחְתִּית Deuteronomy 32:22, מִתַּחַת Isaiah 14:9; מִשּׁ׳ מָ֑טָּה Proverbs 15:24; ‖ מָוֶת Proverbs 5:5; Proverbs 7:27; Song of Songs 8:6 Psalms 89:49; whither men descend at death, Genesis 37:35 (E), Genesis 42:38; Genesis 44:29, Genesis 44:31 (J), I Samuel 2:6; I Kings 2:6, I Kings 2:9; Job 7:9; Job 21:13; Isaiah 14:11, Isaiah 14:15 Psalms 88:4, and Ḳoraḥ and associates go down alive by י׳’s judgment, Numbers 16:30, Numbers 16:33 (J), cf. Psalms 55:16; under mts. and sea Job 26:6 (cf. v Job 26:5), בֶּטֶן שׁ׳ Jonah 2:3 (cf. v Jonah 2:7); with bars Job 17:16 (si vera l.: v. 𝔊 Du); פִּי שׁ׳ Psalms 141:7; שַׁעֲרֵי שׁ׳ Isaiah 38:10; personif. Isaiah 28:15, Isaiah 28:18 (‖ מות) as insatiable monster Isaiah 5:14; Habakkuk 2:5; Proverbs 1:12; Proverbs 27:20; Proverbs 30:16; as said (fig.) to have snares, חֶבְלֵי שׁ׳, Psalms 18:6 = II Samuel 22:6, cf. מְצָרֵי שׁ׳ Psalms 116:3; opp. (height of) שָׁמַיִם Amos 9:2; Job 11:8 Psalms 139:8 + (opp. לְמָ֑עְלָה) Isaiah 7:11 (v. supra); dark, gloomy, without return Job 17:13 (cf. v Job 17:16; Job 7:9; Job 10:21; Job 16:22; all being alike Job 3:17-19; Job 21:23-26); without work or knowledge or wisdom according to Ecclesiastes 9:5, Ecclesiastes 9:6, Ecclesiastes 9:10 (cf. Job 14:21, and v. רְפָאִים sub רפה; yet cf. Isaiah 14:9).

condition of righteous and wicked disting. in שׁ׳ (later than I Samuel 28, especially in WisdLt):

wicked יָשׁוּבוּ לִשְׁא֑וֹלָה Psalms 9:18, יִדְּמוּ לִשׁ׳ Psalms 31:18; death is their shepherd, without power and honour they waste away Psalms 49:15^(×2); שׁ׳ consumes them as drought water Job 24:19; righteous dread it because no praise or presence of God there (as in temple) Psalms 6:6 (cf. Psalms 88:6), Isaiah 38:18; deliverance from it a blessing Psalms 30:4; Psalms 86:13; Proverbs 23:14. In Ezek. שׁ׳ is land below, place of reproach, abode of uncircumcised Ezekiel 31:15, Ezekiel 31:16, Ezekiel 31:17; Ezekiel 32:21, Ezekiel 32:27.

righteous shall not be abandoned, לשׁ׳ Psalms 16:10 (‖ שַׁחַת q.v.; opp. אֹרַח הַיִּים, etc., v Psalms 16:11, cf. Psalms 17:15), is ransomed from שׁ׳ Psalms 49:16 (cf. Psalms 73:23, Psalms 73:25; Isaiah 57:1, Isaiah 57:2); cf. Job’s expectation and desire Job 14:13; Job 17:13 (cf. Job 10:21; Job 19:25).

later distinction of places in שׁ׳:

depths of שׁ׳ for sensualist Proverbs 9:18.

שׁ׳ וַאֲבַדּוֹן Proverbs 15:11, v. אֲבַדּוֹן. [שַׁחַת and בּוֹר, q.v., when ‖ שׁ׳, are usually in bad sense (Psalms 88:4); prob. = pit in שׁ׳, > שׁ׳ itself as pit; words at least prepare for local distinctions of postB. Judaism and NT.]

שׁ׳ fig. of extreme degradation in sin Isaiah 57:9; as place of exile for Israel Hosea 13:14^(×2) (cf. Isaiah 26:19).

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שָׁאַן

vb. Paʿl. (Ges^{§ 55d}) be at ease or at peace, rest securely (Syriac ܫܰܝܶܢ pacify, ܫܰܝܢܳܐ, Ethiopic ስንእ; peace);—Pf. 3 ms. שַׁאֲנַן Jeremiah 48:11, וְשׁ׳ consec. Jeremiah 30:10 +; 3 pl. שַׁאֲנָ֑נוּ Job 3:18;—be at ease, secure, undisturbed by ill fortune: וְשָׁקַט וְשׁ׳ וְאֵין מַחֲרִיד Jeremiah 30:10 = Jeremiah 46:27; Jeremiah 48:11 (of Moab); שׁ׳ מִפַּחַד רָעָה Proverbs 1:33; of rest from trouble, etc., in grave Job 3:18.

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שְׁאָן

v. בֵּית שְׁאָן.

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שַׁאֲנָן

adj. at ease, secure (Ba^{NB § 143 a} Ges^{§ 84 b k});—abs. שׁ׳ Isaiah 33:20; pl. שַׁאֲנַנִּים Amos 6:1 +, שַׁאֲנַנּוֹת Isaiah 32:9, Isaiah 32:11, Isaiah 32:18;—

at ease, secure: נָוֶה שׁ׳ Isaiah 33:20 secure habitation (of Jerus.), cf. מְנוּחוֹת שׁ׳ Isaiah 32:18 (‖ מִבְטַחִים).

as subst., one at ease, free from misfortune, Job 12:5.

at ease, with collat. idea of careless, wanton, arrogant, Amos 6:1; Isaiah 32:9, Isaiah 32:11; Zechariah 1:15 Psalms 123:4.

as subst. abstr. = arrogance: sf. שַׁאֲנַנְךָ II Kings 19:28 (‖ הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ) = Isaiah 37:29, but < שְׁאוֹנְךָ thine uproar, Bu^{ZAW xii (1892), 36} Gr Che Marti Kit (perhaps), Bur. cf. שׁלאנן.

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שָׁאַר

vb. remain, be left over (syn. יָתַר) (NH id.; 𝔗 שְׁאַר; Sab. סאר remaining Hom^{Chr 124}; Arabic سَأَرَ, سَىِٔرَ be left over, Lane, cf. Lag^{GGN 1889, 297}; Old Aramaic שאר remainder, Nab. שארית, v. Lzb³⁷¹ SAC¹¹⁰);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ I Samuel 16:11 the youngest still remains.

Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁאַר Genesis 47:18 +; 3 fs. נִשְׁאֲרָה Joshua 13:1; Daniel 10:8, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁאֵר Isaiah 11:11, Isaiah 11:16, וַיִּשָּׁ֫אֶר Genesis 7:23, etc.; Pt. נִשְׁאָר Genesis 32:9 +, וְנֵאשֲׁאַר Ezekiel 9:8 (read וְנִשְׁאָר Hi Toy Krae, וָאֶשָּׁ֫אֶר Sm; del. 𝔊 Hi Co Siegf Berthol); f. נִשְׁאָרָה II Kings 19:30 = Isaiah 37:31, נִשְׁאֶ֫רֶת Exodus 10:5; II Chronicles 30:6, נִשְׁאָ֑רֶת Joshua 13:2, etc.;—

be left over (sometimes ‖ נוֹתַר) Exodus 8:27; Exodus 10:19; Exodus 14:28 (all J), Joshua 11:22 (D), Judges 7:3 II Samuel 14:7 +; in restrictive cl. לֹא נ׳ זוּלַת II Kings 24:14 there were left only, etc., לֹא נ׳ לִפְנֵי אֲדֹנִי בִּלְתִּי אִם וגו׳ Genesis 47:18 (J); sq. acc. adv. (Ges^{§ 118 q}), or appos., Deuteronomy 4:27; Ezra 9:15; cf. נ׳ בִּמְתֵי מְעָ֑ט Deuteronomy 28:62 (Ges^{§ 119 i}); sometimes c. ב loc. Exodus 8:5, Exodus 8:7 (J), Jeremiah 38:22 +; c. אֵת (prep. loc.) †Joshua 23:7, Joshua 23:12 (D); c. מִן = be left from (of) †Exodus 10:5 (J), Deuteronomy 3:11; Joshua 13:12 (D), Isaiah 11:11, Isaiah 11:16; Jeremiah 8:3 (pt.; v b del. הַנּי 𝔊 𝔖 Hi Gf Gie Co), Nehemiah 1:2, Nehemiah 1:3, נ׳ מְעַט מֵהַרְבֵּה Jeremiah 42:2; c. לְ to or for, †II Kings 10:11, II Kings 10:17 (pt.), Zechariah 9:7; II Chronicles 21:17, הַנּ׳ לָכֶם מִן־הַבָּרָד Exodus 10:5, cf. II Chronicles 30:6 and (ב loc. for ל) Jeremiah 21:7; c. בְּ, in, among, of, †I Samuel 11:11; Isaiah 17:6; Jeremiah 34:7; Jeremiah 37:10; Leviticus 26:36, Leviticus 26:39 (H; pt.), Leviticus 25:52 (P; of years), even הַנּ׳ בַּדָּם Leviticus 5:9 (P) the rest of the blood; c. עַל †I Samuel 5:4; c. inf. נ׳ לְרִשְׁתָּהּ †Joshua 13:1 (D); = be left alive, survive, †Genesis 7:23 (J), Ezekiel 9:8 (but on text v. supr.); הַנּ׳ = the survivors, †Genesis 14:10; I Samuel 11:11; Ezekiel 17:21; pt. as term. techn. = the (purified) remainder, remnant (cf. שְׁאָר, שְׁאֵרִית) Isaiah 4:3 (ב loc.; ‖ הַנּוֹתָר), II Chronicles 34:21 (ב loc.).—הַנּ׳ I Samuel 9:24 is dub.; what is left over, in polite depreciation, Bu; read הַשְּׁאֵר HPS.

be left behind, Exodus 10:26 (E), Numbers 11:26 (JE); c. לְבַדּוֹ Genesis 42:38 (J), cf. Isaiah 49:21 Daniel 10:8; of widow Ruth 1:3, †מִן of the dead v Ruth 1:5.

Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁאִיר Exodus 10:12 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁאִיר Deuteronomy 28:51, 1 pl. נַשְׁאֵר I Samuel 14:36 (Ges^{§ 48 g; 109 d} Kö^{p. 466 f.}), etc.; Inf. cstr. הַשְׁאִיר Ezra 9:8, v. also infr.;—

leave over, spare, c. acc. Exodus 10:12 (E), II Kings 25:22; Jeremiah 49:9 = Obadiah 1:5, Joshua 11:14 (D), Judges 6:4; אֶסְלַח לַאֲשֶׁר אַשׁ׳ Jeremiah 50:20; especially לֹא הִשׁ׳ שָׂרִיד leave no survivor, Joshua 10:28, cf. v Joshua 10:30, Joshua 10:37, Joshua 10:39, Joshua 10:40 (all D), so עַד־בִּלְתִּי הִשׁ׳ שׂ׳ (sometimes c. ל pers.) Numbers 21:35 (E) = Deuteronomy 3:3, cf. Deuteronomy 2:34; Joshua 8:22; Joshua 11:8 (both JE), Joshua 10:33 (D), II Kings 10:11, and מִבְּלִי הִשׁ׳ לוֹ כֹּ֑ל Deuteronomy 28:55 (in all these read Inf. cstr. הַשׁ׳ v. Dr Deuteronomy 3:3; Deuteronomy 7:24); c. ב, among, of, I Samuel 14:36, ב loc. I Kings 19:18; Zephaniah 3:12 (in both of preserving a pious remnant, cf. שְׁאָר, שְׁאֵרִית), also II Kings 3:25 (Bur reads בָּנֶיהָ for אֲבָנֶיהָ, Kit אֲנָשִׁים, cf. Klo Benz); c. לְ pers. Deuteronomy 28:51; I Kings 15:29; I Kings 16:11; II Kings 13:7; Ezra 9:8; c. מִן, from, of, II Kings 10:14, מִן part. I Samuel 25:22; II Kings 25:12 = Jeremiah 52:16; Jeremiah 39:10.

leave or keep over (מִן part.) till morning Numbers 9:12 (P).

תַּשׁ׳ מֵאָה Amos 5:3 the city shall have 100 left, cf. v Amos 5:3.

leave as a gift, וְהִשׁ׳ אַחֲרָיו בְּרָכָה Joel 2:14.—We Now read וַיַּשְׁאֵר Malachi 2:15, v. שְׁאָר.

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שְׁאָר

n.m. ^{Isaiah 16:14} rest, residue, remnant (= יֶתֶר, especially Is. and late; on form Kö^{ii. 1, 141} Nö^{Beitr. z. Sem. W. 30});—שׁ׳ abs. Isaiah 14:22 +, cstr. Isaiah 10:19 +;—rest, residue, remainder, of trees Isaiah 10:19, silver II Chronicles 24:14, city I Chronicles 11:8, territory Esther 9:12; שׁ׳ דִּבְרֵי שְׁלֹמהֹ II Chronicles 9:29 (יֶתֶר in ‖ I Kings 11:41, and usually in like phrase, v. p. 451 f.); of men I Chronicles 16:41; Ezra 3:8; Ezra 4:3, Ezra 4:7; Nehemiah 10:29; Nehemiah 11:1, Nehemiah 11:20; Esther 9:16; of Moab Isaiah 16:14; Aram Isaiah 17:3 (= last remnant), archers of Kedar Isaiah 21:17; = posterity, שֵׁם וּשׁ׳ וְנִין וָנֶכֶד Isaiah 14:22 (of Babylon); שׁ׳ הַבַּעַל Zephaniah 1:4, i.e. Baal, to the last remnant, vestige (so We al.; 𝔊 שֵׁם, cf. Schwally Now GASm); term. techn. = purified remnant of Israel (Gie^{Beiträge 37 f.}) Isaiah 10:20 (‖ פְּלֵיטָה), v Isaiah 10:21^(×2), Isaiah 10:22; Isaiah 11:11, Isaiah 11:16; Isaiah 28:5.—וּשׁ׳ רוּחַ לוֹ Malachi 2:15 is obscure; read וַיַּשְׁאֵר ר׳ לָנוּ We Now, cf. GASm.

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שְׁאֵרִית

n.f. rest, residue, remnant, remainder (= שָׁאָר);—שׁ׳ abs. II Samuel 14:7 +, cstr. Ezekiel 36:3 +, שֵׁרִית (Ges^{§ 23 f}) I Chronicles 12:39 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:38); sf. שְׁאֵרִיתֵךְ Isaiah 14:30; Ezekiel 5:10, -תוֹ Isaiah 44:17, -תָם Jeremiah 15:9;—

rest, what is left, of wood Isaiah 44:17, land Isaiah 15:9 (‖ פְּלֵיטָה), Jeremiah 47:4, Jeremiah 47:5; Ezekiel 25:16; שׁ׳ חֵמֹת Psalms 76:11 is difficult (Gr [cf. Che] proposes חֲמָת Hamath, Du אֻמֹּת tribes); rest of princes Jeremiah 39:3, of nations (= the other nations, Toy) Ezekiel 36:3, Ezekiel 36:4, Ezekiel 36:5; of Israel I Chronicles 12:39 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:38), II Chronicles 34:9; Nehemiah 7:70 (van d. H. v Nehemiah 7:71); = last remnant of people, Philistines Amos 1:8 (cf. We), Isaiah 14:30, Edom Amos 9:12, Anathoth Jeremiah 11:23, Ashdod Jeremiah 25:20, Babylon Jeremiah 50:26, Amalek I Chronicles 4:43 (+ הַפְּלֵיטָה), Isr. II Kings 21:14; Jeremiah 6:9; Jeremiah 15:9; remnant left after catastrophe Amos 5:15; Jeremiah 8:3; Jeremiah 24:8; Jeremiah 40:11, Jeremiah 40:15; Jeremiah 41:10, Jeremiah 41:16; Jeremiah 42:2, Jeremiah 42:15, Jeremiah 42:19; Jeremiah 43:5; Jeremiah 44:12, Jeremiah 44:14, Jeremiah 44:28; Ezekiel 5:10; Ezekiel 9:8; Ezekiel 11:13; Haggai 1:12, Haggai 1:14; Haggai 2:2; even וְשַׂמְתִּי אֶת־הַצֹּלֵעָה לִשׁ׳ Micah 4:7 (as promise, ‖ גּוֹי עָצוּם, cf. Gie^{Beiträge, 42 f.}); = survivors Jeremiah 44:7, הַשּׁ׳ מִן־הַחֶרֶב II Chronicles 36:20; = faithful remnant of Israel or Judah (term. techn. of proph., cf. שְׁאָר ad fin.), II Kings 19:4 = Isaiah 37:4; II Kings 19:31 (‖ פְּלֵיטָה) = Isaiah 37:32 (‖ id.), Micah 2:12; Micah 5:6, Micah 5:7; Micah 7:18; Ezra 9:14 (‖ id.), Isaiah 46:3; Jeremiah 23:3; Jeremiah 31:7; Zephaniah 2:7, Zephaniah 2:9 (‖ יֶתֶר), Zephaniah 3:13; Zechariah 8:6, Zechariah 8:11, Zechariah 8:12.

remainder = descendants (= שְׁאָר Isaiah 14:22): Genesis 45:7, שֵׁם וּשׁ׳ II Samuel 14:7.

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שׁאר

(√ of foll.; cf. Assyrian šêru, Pun. שאד, flesh, Arabic ثَأْرٌ blood revenge, so Sab. תֿאר, Sab.Denkm.^{No. 5, l.7}; perhaps orig. blood (cf. Jeremiah 51:35), Nö^{ZMG xi (1886), 723} and Id.^{M 101}, who cp. Mand. תירתא = ܬܻܐܪܳܬܐ conscience, mind, etc., perhaps proposes midriff, cf. Hoffm^infr.).

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שְׁאֵר

n.m. ^{Psalms 73:26} flesh (perhaps orig. the inner flesh, full of blood, next the bones, cf. Hoffm^{ZAW iii (1883), 107}, and בָּשָׂר = (orig.) flesh next the skin);—שׁ׳ abs. Psalms 78:20, Psalms 78:27, cstr. Micah 3:3 +, sf. שְׁאֵרִי Jeremiah 51:35 Psalms 73:26, etc.;—

flesh:

as food, Exodus 21:10 (HPS also I Samuel 9:24, for הַנִּשְׁאָר), Psalms 78:20 (‖ לֶחֶם), v Psalms 78:27 (‖ עוֹף בָּנָף); fig. Micah 3:2 (‖ עוֹר), v Micah 3:3 (‖ id.), Jeremiah 51:35 (‖ דָּם).

fig. for physical power Psalms 73:26 (+ לֵבָב), Proverbs 5:11 (+ בָּשָׂר).

in HP = flesh- (= blood-) relation (i.e. one near of kin): שְׁאֵר אָבִיךָ Leviticus 18:12, cf. v Leviticus 18:13; Leviticus 20:19, also Leviticus 18:17 (read שְׁאֵרְךָ for שַׁאֲרָה, 𝔊 Ew Dr-Wh; cf. Di Baen); + הַקָּרֹב אֵלָיו Leviticus 21:2 Numbers 27:11; שׁ׳ בְּשָׂרוֹ Leviticus 18:6; Leviticus 25:49.

= self, Proverbs 11:17 (‖ נֶפֶשׁ).

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שַׁאֲרָה

Leviticus 18:17 v. שְׁאֵר 2.

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שֶׁאֱרָה

n.pr.f. ‘daughter’ of Ephraim;—בִּתּוֹ שׁ׳ I Chronicles 7:24 (v. also n.pr.loc. אֻזֵּן שׁ׳ p. 25a supr.); 𝔊^b ἐκείνοις τ. καταλοίποις, but 𝔊L (cf. 𝔊^a) ἡ θυγάτηρ αὐτοῦ Σαραα.

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שֵׁאת²

v. שׁאה.

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שְׁבָא

n.pr.gent. et terr. Sh^ebâ, in SW. Arabia (Sab. סבא DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 9}, סבא vb. = make campaign Mordt^{HI 72} or expedition Sab.Denkm.^{No. 12, 1, 5, 14}; cf. DSMargoliouth^{HastDB sheba} F.B.^{Ency. Bib. sheba} and reff.);—Sheba: מַלְכַּת־שׁ׳ I Kings 10:1, I Kings 10:4, I Kings 10:10, I Kings 10:13 = II Chronicles 9:1, II Chronicles 9:3, II Chronicles 9:9, II Chronicles 9:12; מַלְכֵי שׁ׳ Psalms 72:10; famous for trade, רֹכְלֵי שׁ׳ Ezekiel 27:22, Ezekiel 27:23, הֲלִיכֹת שׁ׳ Job 6:19 (‖ תֵּמָא); yielding costly wares Ezekiel 38:13, זְהַב שׁ׳ Psalms 72:15, לְבוֹנָה מִשּׁ׳ Jeremiah 6:20 (‖ מֵאֶרֶץ מֶרְחָק, cf. foll.), paying homage and tribute to Israel in future Isaiah 60:6; descended from (Yoḳtan and) Shem Genesis 10:28 (J) = I Chronicles 1:22, from (Yoḳshan and) Abr. and Ḳeṭûrâh Genesis 25:3 (J?) = I Chronicles 1:32 (i.e. a northern branch of Sheba, + דְּדָן, q.v.), but from כּוּשׁ Genesis 10:7 (P) = I Chronicles 1:9; marauders, N. Arabia, Job 1:15.

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שְׁבָבִים

n.[m.]pl. probably splinters;—שׁ׳ יִהְיֶה עֵגֶל שֹׁמְרוֹן Hosea 8:6 (cf. We; Vrss appar. conjecture).

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שָׁבִיב

n.m. probably flame (Biblical Aramaic שְׁבִיב);—cstr. וְלֹא יִגַּהּ שְׁבִיב אִשּׁוֹ Job 18:5 (‖ אוֹר); so Ecclus Ben Sira 8:10; Ben Sira 45:19.

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שָׁבָה

vb. take captive (NH, Old Aramaic id.; Arabic سَبَا (سبى); Aramaic שְׁבָא ܫܒܳܐ );—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Jeremiah 41:14; sf. וְשָׁבָם (consec.) Jeremiah 43:12 (but read וְשָׁבָה Gie; Du conj. וְשָֽׁמְמוּ); 2 ms. שָׁבִיתָ II Kings 6:22 Psalms 68:19, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁבְּ Numbers 21:1 Jeremiah 41:10, etc.; Imv. ms. וּשְׁבֵה Judges 5:12; Inf. cstr. שְׁבוֹת Obadiah 1:11; Pt. act. pl. שֹׁבִים Isaiah 14:2, etc.; pass. mpl. שְׁבוּיִם Isaiah 61:1, fpl. cstr. שְׁבֻיוֹת Genesis 31:26;—take captive:

c. acc. pers., Numbers 24:22 (JE), I Samuel 30:2; II Kings 5:2; II Kings 6:22 (+ ב instr.) Jeremiah 41:10^(×2) (but v Jeremiah 41:10 Gie reads וַיַּשְׁכֵּם, cf. 𝔊 Luc), v Jeremiah 41:14, Genesis 34:29 (P), II Chronicles 28:8 (+ מִן part.), + 6 times; + Jeremiah 43:12 appar. c. acc. idols (but v. supra; acc. of land Gie).

acc. חֵילוֹ Obadiah 1:11, הָֽרְכוּשׁ II Chronicles 21:17, cattle, etc., I Chronicles 5:21; II Chronicles 14:14.

pt. in periphrast. conjug. (לְשֹׁבֵיהֶם) וְהָיוּ שֹׁבִים Isaiah 14:2; pt. c. sf. = their captives, etc., I Kings 8:46 = II Chronicles 6:36; Isaiah 14:2; Jeremiah 50:33, + 5 times; pt. pass. Isaiah 61:1 = captives; כִּשְׁבֻיוֹת חָ֑רֶב Genesis 31:26 my daughters as captives of the sword.

c. acc. cogn. שְׁבִי Judges 5:12 lead captive thy captives, cf. Psalms 68:19 II Chronicles 28:17, so (+ מִן pers.) Numbers 21:1 (JE), and (acc. שִׁבְיָה) II Chronicles 28:5, II Chronicles 28:11; שׁ׳ שִׁבְיוֹ Deuteronomy 21:10 = take him captive.

be taken captive: Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁבָּה, of man Genesis 14:14, of beast Exodus 22:9 (E), of עֵדֶר י׳ Jeremiah 13:17; 3 pl. נִשְׁבּוּ, human subj. I Samuel 30:3, I Samuel 30:5; I Kings 8:47 = II Chronicles 6:37; Ezekiel 6:9.

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שְׁבִי

n.m. Isaiah 49:24 captivity, captives (coll.);—שׁ׳ abs. Exodus 12:29 +, cstr. Ezra 2:1 +; שֶׁ֑בִי Numbers 21:1 +; sf. שֶׁבְיְךָ Judges 5:12, שִׁבְיוֹ Deuteronomy 21:10, שְׁבִיכֶם Numbers 31:19, etc.;—

= state of captivity, הָלַךְ בַּשְּׁ׳ Amos 9:4; Deuteronomy 28:41; Nahum 3:10; Jeremiah 20:6; Jeremiah 22:22; Jeremiah 30:16 Ezekiel 12:11 (+ בַּגּוֹלָה), Ezekiel 30:17, Ezekiel 30:18; Isaiah 46:2; Lamentations 1:18, = הָלַךְ שְׁבִי v Lamentations 1:5; בַּשְּׁבִי יָבִא Daniel 11:8; נָתַן בַּשְּׁ׳ Ezra 9:7, נָתַן לַשְּׁ׳ Psalms 78:61, לֻקַּח בַּשֶּׁ֑בִי Jeremiah 48:46; וַאֲשֶׁר לַשְּׁבִי לַשֶּׁ֑בִי Jeremiah 15:2; Jeremiah 43:11, וְנָשֵׁינוּ בַּשְּׁ׳ II Chronicles 29:9; בִּשְׁבִי instr. of judgment Daniel 11:33; אֶרֶץ שׁ׳ Jeremiah 30:10; 46:27;Jeremiah 30:16 II Chronicles 6:37, II Chronicles 6:38; phr. of deliverance (only Ezr Ne): נִשְׁאֲרוּ מִן־הַשְּׁ׳ Nehemiah 1:2, cf. v Nehemiah 1:3, הַשָּׁבִים מִן־הַשְּׁ׳ Nehemiah 8:17, הָעֹלִים מִשְּׁבִי הַגּוֹלָה Ezra 2:1 = Nehemiah 7:6, הַבָּאִים מֵהַשְּׁ׳ Ezra 3:8; Ezra 8:35.

act of capture, עִם שׁ׳ סוּסֵיכֶם Amos 4:10 שִׂמְלַת שִׁבְיָהּ Deuteronomy 21:13 i.e. garb in which she was captured (> others captivity in both: Amos 4:10 = your captive horses; Deuteronomy 21:13 her captive’s garb).

= captives (coll.): Exodus 12:29 (J), Numbers 31:12, Numbers 31:19, Numbers 31:26 (man and beast), Isaiah 20:4 (‖ גָּלוּת), Isaiah 49:24, Isaiah 49:25 Habakkuk 1:9 + Ezekiel 32:9 𝔊 al. (v. שֶׁבֶר ad fin.); appar. fs. Isaiah 52:2 (but v. שָׁבִי); object of שָׁבָה (q.v.) Judges 5:12 (> שֹׁבֶיךָ 𝔖 JDMich We Bu Now), Numbers 21:1 (JE), Deuteronomy 21:10 Psalms 68:19; II Chronicles 28:17.

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שִׁבְיָה

n.f. captivity, captives (coll.), cf. שְׁבִי;—always abs. שׁ׳;—

state of captivity, Jeremiah 48:46 (of בָּנוֹת, ‖ שְׁבִי of בָּנִים); אֶרֶץ שׁ׳ Nehemiah 3:36.

body of captives, Deuteronomy 21:11; Deuteronomy 32:42 (‖ חָלָל), II Chronicles 28:13, II Chronicles 28:14, II Chronicles 28:15; object of שָׁבָה, v ⁵ (שׁ׳ גדולה), הָשִׁיבוּ הַשּׁ׳ אֲשֶׁר שְׁבִיתֶם v ¹¹.

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שְׁבִית

n.f. id. (√ שׁבה 𝔊 Thes SS Preusschen^{ZAW xv (1895), 1 ff.} Krae Ezekiel 16:53; > √ שׁוב Ew^{JBW v (1852–3), 216 f.; § 165 b} Ol§ ^{412, 417} Bö^{§ 464} Kue ^{TTijdschr. vii. 519 ff.} Oort^{Ib. xiv. 157} Schwally^{ZAW viii (1888), 200} al.; Kö^{ii. 1, 166 f., 474; ii. 2. § 329 i} thinks deriv. of שׁבה and שׁוב are confused, cf. Ew^{§ 166 b});—abs. שְׁבִית Numbers 21:29; cstr. שְׁבוּת Hosea 6:11 +, sf. שְׁבוּתְךָ Deuteronomy 30:3, שְׁבִיתְהֶן Ezekiel 16:53 (v. infr.), שְׁבוּתֵיכֶם Zephaniah 3:20 (read -תְכֶם Now GASm), etc. [MT has שְׁבוּת, etc. 16 times, + Kt (שְׁבִית Qr) Zephaniah 2:7 Psalms 85:2; Psalms 126:4 + Ezekiel 16:53 (Gi, but Baer שְׁבִיתְהֶן Kt et Qr, v. his note), + Qr (Kt שׁבית) Jeremiah 29:14; Jeremiah 49:39; Ezekiel 16:53 b, c + v d (but < read וְשַׁבְתִּ֫י for וּשְׁב֯יו Vrss Comm.), Lamentations 2:14; Job 42:10; שְׁבִית Kt et Qr Numbers 21:29, שְׁבִיתַיִךְ Ezekiel 16:53 (but Co Krae שְׁבוּתֵךְ); שְׁבִית prob. earlier Ew^§; ^{186 b} al. Psalms 126:1 read prob. שְׁבִית for שִׁיבַת];—

in cl. נָתַן בַּשִּׁבִית Numbers 21:29 (JE) give his daughters into captivity (or as captives, ‖ פְּלֵיטִם of sons, cf. Jeremiah 48:46); cf. (perhaps) Lamentations 1:7 (v. [מִשְׁבָּת] sub שׁבת).

in phr. restore the captivity of, acc. after שׁוּב, הֵשִׁיב, י׳ subj. [vb. Qal Deuteronomy 30:3 + 15 times, + Ezekiel 16:53 Psalms 126:1 (v. supr.); Hiph. Jeremiah 32:44 + 5 times, + Qal Kt, Hiph. Qr, Jeremiah 33:26 + 2 times]:

of Isr. (or Judah) Hosea 6:11 (𝔊 joins to Hosea 7:1, so as gloss, We Now), Zephaniah 2:7; Zephaniah 3:20; Deuteronomy 30:3; Jeremiah 29:14; Jeremiah 30:3, Jeremiah 30:18 (שׁ׳ אָהֳלֵי יַעֲקֹב), Jeremiah 31:23; Jeremiah 32:44; Jeremiah 33:7^(×2), Jeremiah 33:11 (שׁ׳ הָאָרֶץ), v Jeremiah 33:26 Lamentations 2:14 (subj. proph.), Ezekiel 16:53 a, c, d (on text v. supr.), Ezekiel 39:25 Amos 9:14; Joel 4:1 Psalms 14:7 = Psalms 53:7, Psalms 85:2; Psalms 126:1 (v. supr.), v Psalms 126:4.

of other nations Jeremiah 48:47 (cf. v Jeremiah 48:46), Jeremiah 49:6, Jeremiah 49:39; Ezekiel 29:14 (cf. v Ezekiel 29:13).

appar. in more gen. sense, restore fortunes of Sodom Ezekiel 16:53 b (Krae, cf. foll.).

restore fortunes of individuals, Job 42:10.

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שְׁבוֹ

n.[f.] a precious stone (relation to above √ dub.; = Assyrian šubû; 𝔊 𝔙 agate);—Exodus 28:19 = Exodus 39:12 (+ לֶשֶׁם, אַחְלָ֑מָה).

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שְׁבוּאֵל

n.pr.m. son of Gershom I Chronicles 23:16; I Chronicles 26:24 (שְׁבֻ׳), = שׁוּבָאֵל I Chronicles 24:20^(×2), of Herman I Chronicles 25:4 = שׁוּבָאֵל v I Chronicles 25:20 (cf. Benz on these lists).—𝔊 in all usually Σουβαηλ, 𝔊L usually —βιηλ.

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שָׁבַח

vb. Pi. soothe, still (Arabic سَبَخَ be free from care, etc., Jen^{ZA i (1886), 188; iv (1889), 268}, cp. Assyrian pašâḫu, grow calm, so Ba^{ES 9} Schulth^Lex.);—

Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְשַׁבְּחֶ֑נָּה Proverbs 29:11 he stilleth it, i.e. רוּחוֹ his temper (Bi Toy read חָשַׁךְ אַפּוֹ); 2 ms. sf. תְּשַׁבְּחֵם Psalms 89:10 thou stillest them, i.e. waves (‖ גֵּאוּת הַיָּם).

Pt. prob. Mass error for Pi. מְשַׁבֵּחַ) מַשְׁבִּיחַ שְׁאוֹן יַמּים Psalms 65:8 stilling the roar of the seas.

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שָׁבַח²

vb.

laud, praise (late Aramaism, cf. Aramaic (incl. Old Aramaic) שׁבח, ܫܒܚ, Pa. praise; v. Schwally^{Idiot. 91} Schulth^Lex.);—

laud, praise God (י׳): Impf. 3 mpl. sf. יְשַׁבְּח֑וּנְךָ Psalms 63:4 (‖ בֵּרַךְ); Imv. fs. שַׁבְּחִי Psalms 147:12, mpl. sf. שַׁבְּח֫וּהוּ Psalms 117:1 (both ‖ הִלֵּל); his works, Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׁבַּח Psalms 145:4 (‖ הִגִּיד).

commend, congratulate, the dead, Inf. abs. שַׁבֵּחַ Ecclesiastes 4:2 (Ges^{§ 113 gg}; c. מִן comp.); mirth, as best thing, Pf. 1 s. שִׁבַּחְתִּי Ecclesiastes 8:15.

boast of (בְּ): Inf. cstr. הִשְׁתַּבֵּחַ Psalms 106:47 = I Chronicles 16:35, 𝔊 (ἐλ)καυχᾶσθαι ἐν.

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שֵׁ֫בֶט

n.m. ^{Numbers 24:17} (f. Ezekiel 21:15, Ezekiel 21:18 but corrupt): 1. rod, staff, club, sceptre. 2. tribe;—שׁ׳ abs. Genesis 49:10 +, cstr. I Samuel 10:20 +; שָׁ֑בֶט Deuteronomy 1:23 +; sf. שִׁבְטוֹ Judges 21:24 +, etc.; pl. שְׁבָטִים I Kings 11:31 +, cstr. שִׁבְטֵי Genesis 49:16 +, sf. שְׁבָטֶיךָ Deuteronomy 12:14 +, etc.;—

rod, staff (evidently common article), for smiting (especially הִכָּה בַשּׁ׳) Exodus 21:20 (E), Micah 4:14; Isaiah 10:15 (in sim.; ‖ מַטֶּה), Proverbs 10:13 +; שׁ׳ מוּסָר Proverbs 22:15, cf. Proverbs 29:15; for beating (חָבַט) cummin Isaiah 28:27 (‖ מַטֶּה); as (inferior) weapon (opp. חֲנִית II Samuel 23:21 = I Chronicles 11:23 (cf. מַקֵּל I Samuel 17:40, I Samuel 17:43); fig. of י׳’s chastisement: national Isaiah 10:24; Isaiah 30:31 (both ‖ מַטֶּה), Isaiah 14:29, שׁ׳ אַפִּי Isaiah 10:5, שׁ׳ עֶבְרָתוֹ Lamentations 3:1; individual Job 9:34; Job 21:9 (שׁ׳ אֱלוֹהַּ), Job 37:13, II Samuel 7:14 (שׁ׳ אֲנָשִׁים, i.e. not in-human), Psalms 89:33 (both ‖ נְנָעִים).

shaft, i.e. spear, dart, II Samuel 18:14, but < read שְׁלָתִים, 𝔊 βέλη, Th We Kit HPS Bu.

shepherd’s implement, club, Psalms 23:4 (‖ מִשְׁעֶנֶת), רֶעֵה בְשׁ׳ Micah 7:14 (both fig. of י׳); used in mustering or counting sheep Ezekiel 20:37 (fig.), Leviticus 27:32 (cf. Jeremiah 33:13), v. Mackie^{Hast.DB rod}.

truncheon, sceptre, mark of authority, שׁ׳ סֹפֵר Judges 5:14, שׁ׳ מֹשְׁלִים Isaiah 14:5 (‖ מַטֶּה), Genesis 49:10 (poem in J; ‖ מְחֹקֵק), Zechariah 10:11 Psalms 45:7^(×2) Ezekiel 19:11, Ezekiel 19:14 (made from a branch, מַטֶּה); a ruler is תּוֹמֵךְ שׁ׳ Amos 1:5, Amos 1:8; as symbol of conquest Numbers 24:17 (JE); שׁ׳ בַּרְזֶל Psalms 2:9 (of Mess. king); שׁ׳ הָרֶשַׁע Psalms 125:3; שׁ׳ עֶבְרָתוֹ Proverbs 22:8 (si vera l., cf. Frankenb. Toy).—Vid. מַטֶּה, מַקֵּל, מִשְׁעֶנֶת.

tribe (syn. מַטֶּה q.v. 3, p. 641b), especially

of (12) tribes of Israel, Genesis 49:16, Genesis 49:28 (poem in J), Deuteronomy 33:5 (poem), Exodus 24:4 (E), + often [JE 13 times, D 28 times (מַטֶּה not JED), P 9 times (cf. Gray Numbers 4:18; מ׳ 150 times + in P); Ju 15 times (never מ׳) S 14 times (never מ׳), K 13 times (מ׳ 2 times), Chr 15 times (מ׳ 23 times), ψψ 7 times (never מ׳), proph. 16 times (מ׳ †Habakkuk 3:9, very dub.)]; Judges 20:12; I Samuel 9:21 read שֵׁבֶט (or שִׁבְטִי Ges^{§ 90 1}, We Sta^{§ 343 e} Dr, for שִׁבְטֵי), Vrss (GFM Ju); שִׁבְטֵי־יָהּ Psalms 122:4; שִׁבְטֵי נַחֲלָתֶ֑ךָ Isaiah 63:17.

sg. of people (of Judah, late) Psalms 74:2, but Jeremiah 10:16 = Jeremiah 51:9 del. שׁ׳ נ׳ Gf Gie Du

of subdivision of tribe, שׁ׳ מִשְׁפְּחוֹת וגו׳ Numbers 4:18 (P).—II Samuel 7:7 read שֹׁפְטֵי (cf. v II Samuel 7:11, ‖ I Chronicles 17:6, Ew Th We Dr HPS Bu al.).

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שַׁרְבִֿיט

n.m. sceptre (expanded from foreg., Ges^{§ 85 w});—only Est: abs. הַשּׁ׳ I Chronicles 5:2; cstr. שׁ׳ הַוָּהָב I Chronicles 4:11; I Chronicles 5:2; שַׁרְבִט הַוּ׳ I Chronicles 8:4.

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שְׁבָט

n.pr. mens. Sh^ebāṭ, 11th month (post-ex.) = Feb.–March; loan-word from Bab. Šabâṭu (COT Nehemiah 1^(×2) Dl^WB), Zechariah 1:7 (der. from šabâṭu, strike, kill, destroy (DlProl^{. 38; WB}), Lyon ^{Bib. Sacr. Apr. 1884, 384} Jen^{ZA iv (1889), 273} Muss-Arn^{JBL xi (1892), 171 f.} al., as month of destroying rain; another conjecture in Zim^{KAT 3. 594 n.}; this month called שבט also in Nab. Palm., v. Lzb SAC ¹¹¹).

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שְׁבִי²

v. שׁכה.

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שֹׁ֫בֶל

n.[m.] flowing skirt, train;—abs. חֶשְׂפִּי־שׁ׳ Isaiah 47:2 strip off (thy) train.

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שִׁבֹּ֫לֶת

n.f. flowing stream;—שׁ׳ abs. Psalms 69:3, as test of dialect Judges 12:6 (cf; סִבֹּלֶת and GFM); cstr. שׁ׳ מַיִם Psalms 69:16, שׁ׳ הַנָּהָר Isaiah 27:12.

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שׁוֹבָל

n.pr.m.

Edomite name Genesis 36:20, Genesis 36:23, Genesis 36:29 = I Chronicles 1:38, I Chronicles 1:40.

in Caleb I Chronicles 2:50, I Chronicles 2:52.

in Judah I Chronicles 4:1, I Chronicles 4:2.—Σαβα(λ), Σουβαλ.

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שַׁבְּלוּל²

v. בלל.

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שֶׁבְנָא

n.pr.m. secretary and major-domo of Hezekiah; -נָא Isaiah 22:15, Isaiah 36:22; Isaiah 37:2 = II Kings 18:37; II Kings 19:2; Isaiah 36:3, Isaiah 36:11 = -נָה II Kings 18:18, II Kings 18:26.—Σομνας.

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שֶׁ֫בַע

n.m. et f. seven (NH id., MI¹⁶ שבעת; Assyrian sibi, sibittu (Dl^{Gr. § 65, 6}; s = שׁ), Arabic سَبْعٌ, سَبْعَةٌ Sab. סבע Hom^{Chr 47, 124}, Ethiopic ሰብዑ: ሰብዐቱ: Ph. (Pun.) שבע, Nab. שבע, שבעה, Palm. שבעא, שבעה; Aramaic שִׁבְעָא,שְׁבַע, ܫܒܰܥ, ܫܰܒܥܳܐ; on etym. cf. Lag^{BN 37 f.});—m. (c. n.f.) abs. שֶׁבַע Genesis 41:2 + 115 times; cstr. שְׁבַע Genesis 5:26 + 47 times, especially P (15 times) and Chr (20 times), וּשֲׁבַע I Kings 14:21. f. (c. n.m.) abs. שִׁבְעָה Genesis 4:24 + 100 times; cstr. שִׁבְעַת Genesis 7:10 + 120 times; sf. שְׁבַעְתָּם II Samuel 21:9 Qr (so Vrss and mod.; v. Dr; > Kt שִׁבְעָתַיִם);—seven:

without other num.:

שֶׁבַע, before n.fpl. Genesis 21:28 (J), Judges 16:13; Isaiah 4:1 + 80 times, especially שׁ׳ שָׁנִים Genesis 29:18 (E) + 32 times (but read שׁלוֹשׁ for שֶׁבַע II Samuel 24:13, cf. v b, c, also 𝔊 and ‖ I Chronicles 21:12; so Th We Dr Bu HPS Now), שׁ׳ פְּעָמִים Genesis 33:3 (J), Leviticus 4:6 (P) + 17 times; שׁ׳ בָּאַמָּה רָחְבָּתּ I Kings 6:6; after noun Ezekiel 40:20, Ezekiel 40:26; n. om. Job 5:19; Proverbs 6:16, + (= שׁ׳ פְּעָמִים) Leviticus 26:18, Leviticus 26:21, Leviticus 26:24, Leviticus 26:28 (H), Psalms 119:164 Proverbs 24:16.

שִׁבְעָה, before n.mpl. Numbers 23:1^(×3) (E) + 40 times + Job 42:13 (read שׁ׳ for שִׁבְעָ֫נָה Ges^{§ 97 c} and most); + (distrib.) שׁ׳ וְשׁ׳ Zechariah 4:2; after n. Genesis 7:4 (J), Exodus 25:37 (P) + 12 times (P Ch Dn Pr); n. om. I Samuel 2:5 + 9 times, incl. שׁ׳ as ordinal, v. infr.; but read שְׂבָכָה for שִׁבְעָה I Kings 7:17^(×2) 𝔊 Th Kmp Klo Benz Kit Bur; also שׁ׳ שׁ׳ distrib. = 7 each Genesis 7:2, Genesis 7:3 (J); as pred. Genesis 46:25 (P).

שִׁבְעַת, before n.pl. Numbers 23:4 (E), Numbers 8:2 (P), Ezekiel 45:23^(×2); Job 2:13^(×2) + 97 times, incl. שׁ׳ יָמִים Genesis 8:10 (J), + 88 times + Ezekiel 45:21 (read שִׁבְעַת for שְׁבֻעוֹת, Vrss and mod.).

= ordinal, שְׁנַת (הַ)שֶּׁבַע Deuteronomy 15:9; II Kings 12:2 + 3 times, בְּשִׁבְעָה לַחֹדֶשׁ Ezekiel 30:20, cf. Ezekiel 45:20; לְשִׁבְעַת הַיָּמִים Genesis 7:10 (J), I Chronicles 9:25.

שְׁבַע עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה 17 years Genesis 37:2 + 3 times + I Kings 14:21 (וּשְׁבַע וגו׳), also as ordin. בִּשְׁנַת שׁ׳ עֶשׂ׳ I Kings 22:52, בִּשְׁנַת שׁ׳ עֶשׂ׳ שָׁנָה II Kings 16:1.

שִׁבְעָה עֶשָׂר (sc. הַגּוֹרָל lot) I Chronicles 24:15; I Chronicles 25:24 (cf. also, + other num., I Chronicles 7:11 Ezra 2:39 Nehemiah 7:41), + יוֹם 17th day Genesis 7:11; Genesis 8:4; unusual is שׁ׳ שְׁקָלִים וַעֲשָׂרָה הַכֶּסֶף Jeremiah 32:9 7 shekels and 10 the silver.

שְׁבַע מֵאוֹת = 700 Judges 8:26 + 39 times (but Nehemiah 7:67 om. Mass. Baer Gi q.v.).

שִׁבְעָה אֶלֶף = 7000 I Kings 20:30 + 2 times; שִׁבְעַת אֲלָפִים = id. I Kings 20:15 + 15 times; 57,000 is 7 + 50 × 1000 Numbers 1:31; Numbers 2:8, Numbers 2:31.

שׁ׳ + other num.:

שׁ׳ follows 18 times: (1) n. s. after שׁ׳ Judges 8:14; also, (= ord. num.) Ezekiel 29:17 + 2 times, שְׁנַת שְׁלשִׁים וָשׁ׳ שָׁנָה II Kings 13:10, cf. II Kings 15:1; (2) n.pl. before other num. Ezra 8:35; Nehemiah 7:[Nehemiah 7:71], Nehemiah 7:70; (3) n. s. cstr. precedes בִּשְׁנַת עֶשְׂרִים רָשׁ׳ I Kings 16:10, I Kings 16:15 (ordin.); (4) n. after each num. Genesis 23:1; Genesis 25:17 (both P), etc.

שׁ׳ precedes 10 times (P and Est): (1) n. s. after other num. Genesis 8:14; Exodus 6:16, Exodus 6:20 + 3 times Est; (2) n. repeated Genesis 5:7; Genesis 11:21; Genesis 47:28, cf. Genesis 5:25, Genesis 5:31

1000 + 17 Ezra 2:39 = Nehemiah 7:41.—שׁ׳ often c. sacred signif.: Genesis 21:28 (J), Exodus 37:23 Leviticus 4:6, Leviticus 4:17; Leviticus 8:11; Leviticus 14:27 + (P); as round number Genesis 4:24 (song in J), Genesis 29:18; Genesis 31:23; Genesis 41:2 (all E), etc.; on bowing 7 times Genesis 33:3 (J; in great humility), cf. Wkl^{TelAm. nos. 143, 230, 246} Ne^{Mar. 11 f.}; all these prob. originating with week of seven days; cf. especially Kö^{Hast.DB number, 562 f., 565}.

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שִׁבְעָה

n.f. pr. putei, Genesis 26:33 (J); Ὅρκος; (explanation of name בְּאֵר שֶׁבַע.)

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שִׁבְעִים

n.pl. seventy (irreg. pl. of שֶׁבַע Ges^{§ 97 f. R. 1});—not decl.:—seventy (often as round no., cf. Kö^{Hast.DB number, 563 a}):

without other no.:

before n. s. year Genesis 5:12 + 12 times, man Judges 9:2 Numbers 11:25 + 7 times, shekel Numbers 7:13 + 11 times, other n. 5 times

before n.pl. kings Judges 1:7, sons Judges 8:30; Judges 9:24; II Kings 10:1, brothers Judges 9:56, asses Judges 12:14, palms Exodus 15:27; Numbers 33:9, males Ezra 8:7,Ezra 8:14.

after n. coll. (בָּקָר) II Chronicles 29:32, n.pl. Daniel 9:24.

pred. Genesis 46:27.

n. om. Exodus 24:1, Exodus 24:9 (man), Numbers 7:85 (shekel), cf. Judges 9:4

שׁ׳ אֶלֶף = 70,000 II Samuel 24:15 + 6 times.

+ other num.:

+ unit + n. s. Judges 8:14; n. om. 70 + 7 (times) Genesis 4:24, cf. Ezra 2:40 = Nehemiah 7:42, so 2 + 70 Numbers 31:38; n.pl. + 70 + 7 Ezra 8:35; Ezra 8:5 years + 70 year Genesis 12:4.

5 + 70 × 1000 (man) Esther 9:16, cf. Numbers 2:4; Numbers 3:43; Numbers 26:32; 2 + 70 × 1000 Numbers 31:33 (בָּקָר precedes); 70 man, 50 × 1000 man I Samuel 6:19; I Samuel 6:7 + 70 year + 7 × 100 year Genesis 5:31; n. om. 3 + 70 + 200 Numbers 3:46.

70 foll. hundreds: 70 year + 5 years Genesis 25:7, and (n. om.) 70 + 2 Ezra 2:3, Ezra 2:4 = Nehemiah 7:8, Nehemiah 7:9, Nehemiah 11:19; + 3 Ezra 2:36 Nehemiah 7:38; Nehemiah 7:5 + 70 Ezra 2:5.

1000 + 7 × 100 + 5 + 70 shekel Exodus 38:25 and (n. om.) v Exodus 38:28.

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שְׁבִיעִי

m. שְׁבִיעִית f.₉₇ adj. num. ord. seventh;—m. שְׁבִיעִי Genesis 2:2 +, שְׁבִעִי Exodus 12:15 +; f. שְׁבִיעִית Joshua 6:16 +, -עִת Exodus 23:11 +, שְׁבִעִת Exodus 21:2, -עִית I Kings 18:44; II Chronicles 23:1;—seventh, especially P; always c. art.:

m. 7th day Genesis 2:3 + 47 times; month (חֹדֶשׁ) Genesis 8:4 + 23 times + (n. om.) Ezekiel 45:25 + 3 times; lot (הַגּוֹרָל) Joshua 19:40 + (n. om.) I Chronicles 24:10; I Chronicles 25:14; n. om. also I Chronicles 2:15; I Chronicles 26:3, I Chronicles 26:5 (son), I Chronicles 12:11 (man), I Chronicles 27:10 (captain).

f. 7th year, II Kings 11:4 + 7 times + (n. om.) Exodus 21:2; Exodus 23:11, also שְׁנַת הַשְּׁבִיעִית (Ges^{§ 134 p}) Ezra 7:8; sabbath Leviticus 23:16; time (פַּעַם) Joshua 6:16 + (n. om.) I Kings 18:44.

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שִׁבְעָתַ֫יִם

n.f. du. seven-fold, seven times (cf. Ges^{§§ 97 h, 134 r});—

2, Isaiah 30:26; Proverbs 6:31; as adv. Genesis 4:15, Genesis 4:24 Psalms 79:12.

seven times, adv. Psalms 12:7.—II Samuel 21:9 read Qr שְׁבַעְתָּם v. i. שֶׁבַע.

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שָׁבוּעַ

n.m. ^{Daniel 9:27} period of seven (days, years), heptad, week (on format. v. Lag^{BN 67});—abs. שׁ׳ Daniel 9:27^(×2); cstr. שְׁבֻעַ Genesis 29:27, Genesis 29:28; du. שְׁבֻעַיִם Leviticus 12:5; pl. שָֽׁבֻע(וֹ)ת Exodus 34:22 + 4 times Dt + (in term. techn.) II Chronicles 8:13; late שָֽׁבֻעִים Daniel 9:24 + 4 times Dn; cstr. שְׁבֻעֹת Jeremiah 5:24 (Ezekiel 45:21 read שִׁבְעַת with Vrss and all mod., v. שֶׁבַע); sf. שָׁבֻעֹתֵיכֶם Numbers 28:26;—

period of seven days (from a given time), week: Deuteronomy 16:9^(×2); Leviticus 12:5 (P); of marriage feast Genesis 29:27, Genesis 29:28 (E; cf. Judges 14:12 Tob 11:19); שָׁבֻעִים יָמִים Daniel 10:2, Daniel 10:3 three weeks, days (three weeks long); שׁ׳ חֻקּוֹת קָצִיר Jeremiah 5:24 weeks of statutes (i.e. weeks appointed by י׳) for harvest; term. techn. חַג שָֽׁבֻעֹת Exodus 34:22 (J) feast of weeks (ending seven weeks of harvest), Deuteronomy 16:10, Deuteronomy 16:16, II Chronicles 8:13, so שׁ׳ alone Numbers 28:26 (P).

heptad or seven of years, late, Daniel 9:24, Daniel 9:25, Daniel 9:26, Daniel 9:27^(×2).—שְׁבֻעֵי שְׁבֻעוֹת Ezekiel 21:28 v. [שָׁבַע].

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שָׁבַע

vb. swear (prob., so to say, seven oneself, or bind oneself by seven things, cf. Thes (as altern.), Gerb ^{108 ff.}; NH Niph. = BH; 𝔗 שְׁבַע Ithpe. Aph.; v. also Dr Genesis 21:28 Kö^{Hast.DB number, 565} RS^{Sem. i. 166, 2nd ed., 182} We ^{Reste ArabicHeid. 2, 186});—

(according to Thes Rob Ges) Pt. pass. שְׁבֻעֵי שְׁבֻעוֹת Ezekiel 21:28 those sworn with (= who have sworn) oaths; both from שְׁבוּעָה, according to Krae, oaths of oaths (the most sacred); 𝔊 𝔖 Co om.; both from שָׁבוּעַ, Ew Sm שׁ׳ שָׁ׳ weeks on weeks (plenty of time).

Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁבַּע Genesis 24:7 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁבַע Leviticus 5:24 +, וַיִּשָּׁ֫בַע Genesis 24:9 +; 2 ms. תִּשָּׁבִ֑עַ Deuteronomy 6:13; Deuteronomy 10:20; 1 s. אִשָּׁב֑עַ Genesis 21:24, וָאֶשָּׁ֫בַע I Kings 2:8; Ezekiel 16:8, etc.; Imv. ms. הִשָּֽׁבְעָה Genesis 21:23 +, etc.; Inf. abs. הִשָּׁבַע Numbers 30:3, הִשָּׁבֵעַ Jeremiah 7:9; cstr. הִשָּׁבֵעַ Jeremiah 12:16^(×2) + I Samuel 20:17 v. infra; Pt. נִשְׁבָּע Zechariah 5:3 +, etc.;—swear, take an oath:

subj. man:

in asseveration, abs. Genesis 21:24, Genesis 21:31 (E), Judges 21:1, Judges 21:18; II Samuel 21:2 +; also sq. וַיֹּאמֶר I Samuel 20:3; I Kings 1:29, sq. לֵאמֹר II Samuel 3:35; Joshua 14:9 (D); c. acc. cogn. Numbers 30:3 (P; ‖ נָדַר); + לַשֶּׁקֶר Jeremiah 5:2; Jeremiah 7:9; Leviticus 5:24 (P; + עַל rei), Malachi 3:5; + על־שׁ׳ Leviticus 5:22 (P); + לְמִרְמָה Psalms 24:4; sq. inf. Leviticus 5:4 (P), Psalms 15:4; Psalms 119:106; + ל pers. take an oath to, Joshua 6:22 (JE), Joshua 9:20 (P; acc. cogn.) Genesis 24:9 (+ עַל־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה) +, so also I Samuel 20:17 (read לְהִשָּׁבֵעַ אֶל־ for לְהַשְׁבְּיעַ אֶת־, 𝔊 𝔙 Th We Dr al.); oath of allegiance (לי׳) Isaiah 19:18; Isaiah 45:23 Zephaniah 1:5; II Chronicles 15:14, cf. (abs.) v II Chronicles 15:15 (Joshua 23:7 v. Hiph.); also sq. וַיֹּאמֶר II Kings 25:24; sq. לֵאמֹר II Samuel 21:17; I Kings 1:13; Jeremiah 40:9; sq. פֶּן = that not Judges 15:12, sq. אִם = id. I Kings 1:51; + אֶל pers. sq. לֵאמֹר Jeremiah 38:16; + בי׳ by י׳, sq. inf. Judges 21:7; + בְּשֵׁם י׳ I Samuel 20:42; Isaiah 48:1, cf. Genesis 31:53 (E), Deuteronomy 6:13; Deuteronomy 10:20; Jeremiah 12:16 (+ חַי־י׳), Isaiah 65:16; Zechariah 5:4 (לַשָּׁ֑קְר), Leviticus 19:12 (id.), Psalms 63:12; Daniel 12:7; + בי׳ sq. אִם II Samuel 19:8; + ל pers. c. בי׳ Joshua 9:18, Joshua 9:19 (P; pledge faith), sq. לֵאמֹר I Samuel 28:10; I Kings 1:30; I Kings 2:8, I Kings 2:23, sq. כִּי of obj. cl. Joshua 2:12 (JE), I Kings 1:17; + ל pers. c. בא׳, sq. אִם Genesis 21:23 (E), I Samuel 30:15; as vb. of quotation + obj. חַי־י׳ Hosea 4:15 Jeremiah 4:2; I Samuel 19:6 (+ אִם), + אִם in orat. recta Psalms 132:2 (‖ נָדַר); also + בְּלֹא אֱלֹהִים Jeremiah 5:7, בַּבָּ֑עַל Jeremiah 12:16, בְּמַלְכָּם Zephaniah 1:5, cf. Amos 8:14 (+ וְאָמַר).

imprecate, curse, בִּ׳ by me Psalms 102:9 (cf. שְׁבוּעָה 1 b, קְלָלָה).

subj. י׳: swear, c. בִּי by myself Genesis 22:16 (JE), Jeremiah 22:5 (cl. כִּי), Jeremiah 49:13 (id.), Isaiah 45:23 (id.), c. בְּקָדְשׁוֹ Amos 4:2 (id.), cf. Psalms 89:36 (‖ אִם אֲכַזֵּב), cf. also Amos 6:8; Amos 8:7; Jeremiah 44:26; Jeremiah 51:14; Isaiah 62:8; swear, sq. inf. Deuteronomy 1:35; Deuteronomy 4:21; Joshua 21:41 (van d. H. Baer; v Joshua 21:43 Gi), sq. מִן inf. = not to Isaiah 54:9^(×2), sq. אִם Psalms 95:11, sq. לֵאמֹר Deuteronomy 1:34; Isaiah 14:24; Numbers 32:10 (P); sq. orat. recta Psalms 110:4; c. ל pers. take an oath to, Genesis 24:7 (J), Exodus 13:11 (J), Deuteronomy 2:14 + 7 times Dt. (acc. cogn. Deuteronomy 7:8; Deuteronomy 9:5), Ezekiel 16:8 (‖ בּוֹא בִבְרִית), Psalms 89:4 (‖ כָּרַת בְּרִית), v Psalms 89:50 (בֶּאֱמוּנָתֶ֑ךָ), +; ל pers. + inf. (usually to give land) Exodus 13:5 (J), Deuteronomy 1:8 + 9 times Dt, Joshua 1:6; Joshua 5:6^(×2) (all R^D), Jeremiah 11:5 (+ acc. cogn.), Jeremiah 32:22; ל pers. + acc. rei (usually land) = promise by oath to Genesis 50:24; Exodus 33:1; Numbers 11:12 (all J), Numbers 14:16, Numbers 11:23 (JE), Numbers 32:11 (P), Judges 2:1; Micah 7:20; Deuteronomy 6:18 + 8 times Dt (obj. covenant Deuteronomy 4:31; Deuteronomy 8:18); ל pers. om. Deuteronomy 31:21.

Perf. 3 ms. הִשְׁבִּיעַ Exodus 13:19 + 1 s. הִשְׁבַּעְתִּי Song of Songs 2:7 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּשְׁבַּע Genesis 50:25 + sf. וַיַּשְׁבִּעֵנִי Genesis 24:37, etc.; Inf. abs. הַשְׁבֵּעַ Exodus 13:19; I Samuel 14:28; cstr. הַשְׁבִּיעַ I Samuel 14:27 (I Samuel 20:17 v. Niph.); Pt. sf. מַשְׁבִּיעֶ֑ךָ I Kings 22:16 = II Chronicles 18:15;—

cause to take an oath, subj. always man: c. acc. pers. Genesis 50:6 (J), I Samuel 14:27; I Kings 18:10; II Kings 11:4, + acc. cogn. Joshua 2:17, Joshua 2:20 (J), + לֵאמֹר Genesis 24:37; Genesis 50:5 (both J), v Genesis 50:25 (E), Joshua 6:26 (J; acc. pers. om.), so (Inf. abs. + Pf.) Exodus 13:19 (JE), I Samuel 14:28, + וְאָמַר Numbers 5:19 and (c. acc. cogn.) v Numbers 5:21 (both P), + inf. cl. Nehemiah 5:12; Ezra 10:5; + בי׳ by י׳ Genesis 24:3 (J; cl. אֲשֶׁר), I Kings 2:42 (‖ וָאָעִד בְּךָ, + לֵאמֹר), cf. Joshua 23:7 (R^D; but read perhaps Niph. תִּשָּֽׁבְעוּ Gr al.; 𝔊 del.), Nehemiah 13:25 (cl. אִם, orat. recta), II Chronicles 36:13.

adjure, c. acc. pers. I Kings 22:16 = II Chronicles 18:15 (both + cl. אֲשֶׁר); elsewhere only Ct: Song of Songs 5:9, c. cl. מַה־ interrog. v Song of Songs 5:8, c. cl. אִם that not Song of Songs 2:7; Song of Songs 3:5 (both + ב of oath), = cl. מַה־ Song of Songs 8:4 (v. מָה 2 a (b)).—I Samuel 20:17 v. Niph.

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שֶׁ֫בַע²

n.pr.m.

in Benj., בֶּן־בִּכְרִי II Samuel 20:1, II Samuel 20:2, II Samuel 20:6, II Samuel 20:7, II Samuel 20:10, II Samuel 20:13, II Samuel 20:21, II Samuel 20:22; Σαβεε.

in Gad I Chronicles 5:13; Σεβεε, A Σωβαφε, 𝔊L Σαβεε.

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שֶׁבַע

si vera l. n.pr.loc. in Simeon, בְּאֵר־שֶׁבַע וְשֶׁבַע Joshua 19:2; Σαμαα, 𝔊L Σαβε; prob. del. וְשׁ׳ Di al. (om. ‖ I Chronicles 4:23).—בְּאֵר שׁ׳ v. p. 92a.

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שֶׁבַע²

v. in cpds. אֱלִישֶׁבַע, (בַּת־שֶׁבַע), יְהוֹשֶׁבַע.

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שְׁבוּעָה

n.f. (Joshua 2:17 read הַזּה Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 116}) oath, curse;—abs. שְׁבוּ׳ Joshua 9:20 +, שְׁבֻ׳ Genesis 26:3 +; cstr. שְׁבֻעַת Exodus 22:10 +; sf. שְׁבֻעָתִי Genesis 24:8, etc.; pl. שְׁבֻעוֹת abs. Ezekiel 21:28, cstr. Habakkuk 3:9 [Jeremiah 5:24 Ezekiel 45:21 v. שָׁבוּעַ];—oath [as acc. cogn. c. הִשָּׁבַע etc. Numbers 30:3 + (in rel. cl.) 5 times]:

of man:

attesting innocence Exodus 22:10 (E), friendship II Samuel 21:7, promise I Kings 2:43 (after שָׁמַר keep; all שְׁבֻעַת י׳ oath to י׳); innocence also Numbers 5:21 a; friendship Nehemiah 6:18 (בַּעֲלֵי שׁ׳ לוֹ), promise Leviticus 5:4; of vow (‖ נדר) Numbers 30:3, Numbers 30:11, Numbers 30:14 (שְׁבֻעַת אִסָּר), Joshua 9:20 (all P), Nehemiah 10:30 (‖ אָלָה), Ecclesiastes 9:2, of covenant with י׳ II Chronicles 15:15, שְׁבוּעַת אֱלֹהִים Ecclesiastes 8:2 (prob. of oath of allegiance to king), שְׁבֻעַת שֶׁקֶר Zechariah 8:17; of threat Judges 21:5; I Samuel 14:26 (𝔊 שְׁבֻעַת י׳); keep, discharge the oath is הֵקִים הַשּׁ׳ Genesis 26:3 (J), Jeremiah 11:5; נָקָה מִשּׁ׳ be free, exempt from an oath Genesis 24:8 (J), cf. Joshua 2:17, Joshua 2:20

= curse, Isaiah 65:15 and (‖ אָלָה) Numbers 5:21 (P), Daniel 9:11.

oath of י׳, in promise, Deuteronomy 7:8 (שָׁמַר in rel. cl.), ‖ covenant (בְּרִית), שְׁבוּעָתוֹ לְיִצְחָק Psalms 105:9 = I Chronicles 16:16.—שְׁבֻעוֹת מַטּוֹת Habakkuk 3:9 very dub.: AV oaths of the tribes; oaths, rods of the word, Hi-St.; sworn (pt. pass. שָׁבַע) were the rods (= chastisements) of (thy) word, Ges Hi RVm; heptads of spears Ew, cf. Da; text prob. currupt, Now proposes (אַשְׁפָּֽתְךָ) שִׂבַּעְתָּ מַטּוֹת thou hast sated with shafts thy quiver; Marti (after 𝔊^Codd.) thy bow was satiated with shafts Ezekiel 21:28 v. √.

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שׁוֹבֵק

n.pr.m. one of those sealed Nehemiah 10:25; Σωβηκ, 𝔊L Σωβειρ.

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שָׁבַר

vb. break, break in pieces (NH id.; Sab. תֿבר break, destroy DHM^{Hof.Mus., no. 1(×2). 26} Mordtm^{HI 74}; Arabic ثَبَرَ restrain, destroy; Aramaic תְּבַר, ܬܒܰܪ: Assyrian šabâru, break, break in pieces; Ethiopic ሰበረ: break);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ I Kings 13:28; Isaiah 14:5, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁבֹּר Jeremiah 19:11, -בּוֹר Isaiah 42:3; 3 fs. תִּשְׁבָּר־ Proverbs 25:15, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁבֹר Psalms 10:15, sf. שָׁבְרֵם Jeremiah 17:18; Inf. cstr. לִשְׁבֹּר Genesis 19:9 + 2 times, שְׁבוֹר Jeremiah 28:12; Pt. act. שֹׁבֵר Ezekiel 4:16 + 2 times; pass. שָׁבוּר Leviticus 22:22, pl. cstr. שְׁבוּרֵי Psalms 147:3;—break, lit., obj. earthen vessel Judges 7:20 Leviticus 11:33 (P), Jeremiah 19:11 (in sim.), cf. v Jeremiah 19:11 Jeremiah 48:38; Isaiah 30:14, flask Jeremiah 19:10, gate-bar Amos 1:5 (in metaph.), bow Hosea 1:5; Jeremiah 49:35, and sword Hosea 2:20 (מִן־הָאָרֶץ), bone of lamb Exodus 12:46; Numbers 9:12 (P), and (in metaph.) Proverbs 25:15, cf. שָׁבוּר i.e. fractured of limb Leviticus 22:22 (H), yoke Jeremiah 28:10, Jeremiah 28:12, Jeremiah 28:13, and, in metaph., of deliverance (י׳ subj.) v Jeremiah 28:2, Jeremiah 28:4, Jeremiah 28:11; Jeremiah 38:8 (c. מֵעַל), + 4 times, of rebellion Jeremiah 2:20; Jeremiah 5:5, so staff Isaiah 14:5 + 5 times, reed Isaiah 42:3, arm of Pharoah Ezekiel 30:21, Ezekiel 30:22, Ezekiel 30:24 cf. Psalms 10:15; trees (subj. thunder) Psalms 29:5; break in, down, door Genesis 19:9 (J); rend violently (of lion), man I Kings 13:26, ass v I Kings 13:28; wreck Tyre (as ship) Ezekiel 27:26; fig. break pride Leviticus 26:19 (H); crush (fig.) Isaiah 14:25 (cf. Jeremiah 48:28 supr.), Lamentations 1:15; Daniel 11:26; מִשְׁנֶה שִׁבָּרוֹן שׁ׳ Jeremiah 17:18; break, rupture, heart (fig.) Psalms 69:21 + Ezekiel 6:9 (v. Niph. ad fin.), שְׁבוּרֵי לֵב Psalms 147:3; וָאֶשְׁבֹּר עָלָיו חֻקִּי Job 38:10 broke for it my boundary, of sea, ref. to abrupt ending of mainland; = quench thirst (frangere sitim) Psalms 104:11.

Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁבַּר Exodus 22:9 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁבֵר Leviticus 6:21 +, 3 fs. וְתִשָּׁ֫בֶר Ecclesiastes 12:6, 2 ms. תִּשָּׁבֵר Ezekiel 29:7, -בַר֥ Ezekiel 32:28, etc.; Inf. cstr. הִשָּׁבֵר Jonah 1:4; Pt. נִשְׁבָּר Psalms 51:19, fs. נִשְׁבָּרָה v Psalms 51:19, נִשְׁבֶּ֫רֶת Ezekiel 27:34 +, etc.;—be broken, of neck I Samuel 4:18, bones Psalms 34:21, gate-bars Jeremiah 51:30, rod (in fig.) Isaiah 14:21; Jeremiah 48:17, idols Ezekiel 6:4, Ezekiel 6:6, horn Daniel 8:8, cf. v Daniel 8:22, arm Job 31:22 (מִקָּנָה), and (in metaph.) Jeremiah 48:25; Job 38:15 Psalms 37:17, cf. Ezekiel 30:22, bough Ezekiel 31:12; Isaiah 27:11, cf. (fig.) of wickedness, like a tree Job 24:20, other things Psalms 37:15 Jeremiah 50:23; Ezekiel 29:17 Psalms 124:7; cisterns Jeremiah 2:13 (id.), pottery Leviticus 6:21; Leviticus 15:12 (P), Ecclesiastes 12:6 (in fig.); = be maimed, crippled (have limb broken), of animal Exodus 22:9, Exodus 22:13 (E), and (fig.) Ezekiel 34:4, Ezekiel 34:16; Zechariah 11:16, so (fig. of men stumbling) Isaiah 8:15; Isaiah 28:13; be wrecked, of ships I Kings 22:49 (read Qr נִשְׁבְּרוּ), ‖ II Chronicles 20:37, Jonah 1:4, metaph. of Tyre Ezekiel 27:34; fig. be crushed, destroyed (pers., warriors, kingdoms, etc.), Jeremiah 14:17; Jeremiah 22:20; Jeremiah 48:4; Jeremiah 51:8 + 10 times; fig. be broken, of heart †Jeremiah 23:9; Isaiah 61:1 Psalms 34:19; Psalms 51:19, cf. רוּחַ נִשׁ׳ v Psalms 51:19.—Ezekiel 6:9 read prob. וְשָֽׁבְרְתִּ֫י (We Sm Berthol Toy Krae); Co בְּשָׁבְרִי.

Pf. 3 ms. שִׁבַּר Isaiah 21:9 +, שִׁבֵּ֑ר Exodus 9:25, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׁבֵּר ψ; Psalms 46:10 +, 2 mpl. תְּשַׁבֵּר֑וּן Exodus 34:13, etc.; Inf. abs. שַׁבֵּר Exodus 23:24; Pt. מְשַׁבֵּר I Kings 19:11;—shatter, break, tablets Exodus 32:19 (E), Exodus 34:1 (J), Deuteronomy 9:17; Deuteronomy 10:2; מַצֵּבוֹת Exodus 23:24 (E; + Inf. abs.), Exodus 34:13 (J) + 7 times; images II Kings 11:18 + 3 times; bronze sea, etc., II Kings 25:13 = Jeremiah 52:17; horns Daniel 8:7; jaws Job 29:17 (in fig.); of hail shattering trees Exodus 9:25 (J), cf. I Kings 19:11; elsewhere subj. י׳, shattering gate-bars, etc., weapons Isaiah 45:2; Isaiah 38:13; Lamentations 2:9; Lamentations 3:4 Psalms 46:10; Psalms 76:4; Psalms 107:16, trees Psalms 29:5; Psalms 105:33, heads of תַּנִּינִים Psalms 74:13; wrecking ships Psalms 48:8.

cause to break out, i.e. bring to the birth, Impf. 1 s. הַאֲנִי אַשְׁבִּיר וְלֹא אוֹלִיד Isaiah 66:9 (י׳ subj.; cf. מַשְׁבֵּר infr.).

be broken, shattered (in heart), Pf. 1 s. עַל־שֶׁבֶר בַּת־עַמִּי הָשְׁבַּ֑רְתִּי Jeremiah 8:21.

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שֶׁ֫בֶר

n.m. ^{Jeremiah 4:5} breaking, fracture, crushing, breach, crash;—abs. שֶׁבֶר Isaiah 51:19 +, שָׁ֑בֶר Lamentations 3:47; Proverbs 17;Proverbs 19, cstr. שֶׁבֶר Isaiah 1:28 +, שֵׁבֶר Amos 6:6 +; sf. שִׁבְרִי Jeremiah 10:19, etc.; pl. שְׁבָרִים Joshua 7:5 Job 41:17 (dub., v. infr.), sf. שְׁכָרֶיהָ Psalms 60:4;—

breaking of pottery Isaiah 30:14, fracture of member, limb Leviticus 21:19; Leviticus 24:20 (H), especially fig. of people personif. שׁ׳ יוֹסֵף Amos 6:6, cf. Isaiah 30:26 (‖ מַחַץ מַכָּתוֹ), Jeremiah 8:21; Jeremiah 10:19; Jeremiah 14:17; Jeremiah 30:12 (‖ מַכָּה), v Jeremiah 30:15 (‖ מַכְאֹב), Lamentations 2:11; Lamentations 3:48; Lamentations 4:10, also (c. רפא, רפה heal) Jeremiah 6:14; Jeremiah 8:11 Lamentations 2:13 Psalms 60:4, cf. Nahum 3:19; of sinners Isaiah 1:28; shattering, crushing, of wall (in fig.) Isaiah 30:13; שׁ׳ גָּדוֹל (‖ רָעָה) Jeremiah 4:6; Jeremiah 6:1, שׁ׳ עַל־שׁ׳ Jeremiah 4:20; שֹׁד וָשׁ׳ Isaiah 59:7; Isaiah 60:18; Jeremiah 48:3, cf. Isaiah 51:19; הַשֵּׁאת וְהַשּׁ׳ Lamentations 3:47; זַעֲקַת שׁ׳ Isaiah 15:5, cf. Jeremiah 48:5; of individ. Proverbs 16:18; Proverbs 17:19; Proverbs 18:12; fig., שׁ׳ רוּחַ of spirit Isaiah 65:14, cf. Proverbs 15:4; so (רוּחַ om.) מִשְּׁבָרִים Job 41:17 from terror, Di De, cf. Bi, but dub.; Buhl Bu conj. מִשְׁבְּרֵי יָם, Gie מִשִּׁנָּיו גִּבֹּרִים, Du מִשְׁמָרִים.

crashing, Zephaniah 1:10 (‖ קוֹל צְעָקָה, יְלָלָה), Jeremiah 50:22 (‖ מִלְחָמָה), Jeremiah 51:54 (‖ קוֹל זְעָקָה).

breaking of a dream, i.e. its interpretation (solution of mystery) Judges 7:15 (cf. GFM).

הַשְּׁבָרִים Joshua 7:5, perhaps (Di Benn Steuern) the quarries, as n.pr.loc., 𝔙 Sabarim (< 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗 הִשָּֽׁבְרָם).—שִׁבְרִי Ezekiel 32:9, read שִׁבְיְךָ 𝔊 Co Sta Berthol Krae (not Toy).

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שֶׁ֫בֶר²

n.pr.m. a Calebite I Chronicles 2:48; Σαβερ, A Σεβερ, 𝔊L Σαβαρ.

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שָׁבוּר

Leviticus 22:22 v. √ Qal.

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שִׁבָּרוֹן

n.[m.] breaking, crushing;—fig.; cstr. שִׁבְרוֹן מָתְנַיִם Ezekiel 21:11 (emotional distress; ‖ מְרִירוּת), read שִׁבָּ׳ also (for MT שִׁכָּרוֹן) 23:33 Co Berthol Krae; crushing of opponents Jeremiah 17:18.

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שֶׁ֫בֶר³

n.[m.] corn, grain, as food stuff (perhaps broken, i.e. threshed, Hoffm^{ZAW iii (1883), 122} SS Siegf Nehemiah 10:32; > Kö^{ii. 1, 19 n} breaking out, i.e. sprouting (as chief fruit of soil); hence NH שִׁבָּרוֹן price of corn);—שׁ׳ abs. Genesis 42:1 +; cstr. v Genesis 42:19; sf. שִׁבְרָם v Genesis 42:26, שִׁבְרוֹ Genesis 44:2;—corn, grain Genesis 42:1, Genesis 42:2, Genesis 42:19, Genesis 42:26; Genesis 43:2; Genesis 44:2; Genesis 47:14 (acc. cogn.), Amos 8:5 (id.); so perhaps (for בָּר) Genesis 42:3 Lag^{BN 230}; כָּל־שׁ׳ Nehemiah 10:32 all kinds of grain.

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שָׁבַר²

vb.denom. buy grain;—

Impf. 2 mpl. תִּשְׁבְּרוּ Deuteronomy 2:6, 1 pl. נִשְׁבְּרָה Genesis 43:4; Imv. mpl. שִׁבְרוּ Genesis 42:2 +; Inf. cstr. לִשְׁבֹּר v Genesis 43:3 +, לִשְׁבָּר־ v Genesis 43:7 +; Pt. mpl. שֹׁבְרִים Genesis 47:14;—buy grain for food Genesis 41:57 (v Genesis 41:56 v. Hiph.), Genesis 42:2 (שֶׁבֶר in v a), v Genesis 41:5; c. acc. אֹכֶל v Genesis 41:7, Genesis 41:10; Genesis 43:2, Genesis 43:4, Genesis 43:20, Genesis 43:22; Genesis 44:25; Deuteronomy 2:6 (מִן pers.); c. acc. בָּר Genesis 42:3, שֶׁבֶר Genesis 47:14; fig. Isaiah 55:1, c. acc. יַיִן וְחָלָב v Isaiah 55:1.

Impf. 1 pl. נַשְׁבִּיר Amos 8:6 etc.; Pt. מַשְׁבִּיר Genesis 42:6 Proverbs 11:26;—sell grain (proposes cause to buy grain), c. ל pers. Genesis 42:6 + Genesis 41:56 (read וַיַּשְׁבֵּר for MT וַיִּשְׁבֹּר Ol Di Gunk), c. acc. שֶׁבֶר Amos 8:5, מַפַּל בָּר v Amos 8:6, cf. Proverbs 11:26; c. sf. pers. + acc. אֹכֶל + ב pret. Deuteronomy 2:28.

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שָׁבַת

vb. cease, desist, rest (Assyrian šabâtu, prob. cease, be completed Dl^WB Zim^{KAT3. 593} (Jen^{ZA iv (1889), 277 f.} is sceptical); Arabic سَبَتَ cut off, interrupt; NH has שֶׁבֶת neglect, etc., Aramaic שִׁבְתָּא cost of neglect);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Genesis 2:3 +; 3 pl. שָׁבָ֑תוּ Lamentations 5:14, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁבּוֹת Hosea 7:4; יִשְׁבֹּת Proverbs 22:10 + 2 times; 3 fs. תִּשְׁבֹּת Leviticus 26:35; תִּשְׁבַּת v Leviticus 26:34 Nehemiah 6:3 +, etc.;—

cease: (abs. 13 times) of seasons Genesis 8:22 (J); manna Joshua 5:12 (P), etc., Isaiah 14:4^(×2) Nehemiah 6:3 +; c. מִן Hosea 7:4 + 3 times

desist from labour, rest:

c. מִן (of God) Genesis 2:2, Genesis 2:3 (P)

מִן om., ב temp. Exodus 23:12 (E), Exodus 16:30; Exodus 34:21 (J), Exodus 31:17 (P); בֶּחָרִישׁ וּבַקָּצִיר שׁ׳ Exodus 34:21 (J.; i.e., even in these busy seasons).

land in 7th year Leviticus 26:34, Leviticus 26:35^(×2) (H), II Chronicles 36:21.—Leviticus 23:32; Leviticus 25:2 v. [שָׁבַת] vb. denom. Infr.

Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁבַּת Isaiah 17:3 + 2 times; pl. נִשְׁבְּתוּ Ezekiel 6:6;—cease: abs. Ezekiel 6:6; Ezekiel 30:18; Ezekiel 33:28; c. מִן Isaiah 17:3.

Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁבִּית Ruth 4:14 +; 2 ms. הִשְּׁבַּתָּ Psalms 89:45; Psalms 119:119, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁבִּית Proverbs 18:18 Daniel 9:27; וַיַּשְׁבֵּת II Kings 23:11 II Chronicles 16:5, etc.; Inf. cstr. הַשְׁבִּית Psalms 8:3; לַשְׁבִּית Amos 8:4 (Ges^{§ 53 q}); Imv. mpl. הַשְׁבִּ֫יתוּ Isaiah 30:11; Pt. מַשְׁבִּית Jeremiah 16:9 Psalms 46:10;—

cause to cease, put an end to: c. acc. mirth Hosea 2:13, work II Chronicles 16:5; Nehemiah 4:5; sacrifice Daniel 9:27; war Psalms 46:10, cf. Isaiah 13:11; Ezekiel 7:24; Proverbs 18:18 + 6 times, + הִשׁ׳ קוֹל שָׂשׂוֹן מִן Jeremiah 7:34; Jeremiah 16:9, cf. Jeremiah 48:33.

= exterminate, destroy: c. acc. II Kings 23:5, II Kings 23:11; Amos 8:4 (Now conj. העשׁקים), Hosea 1:4 Psalms 8:3; Psalms 119:119; c. acc. + מִן, Jeremiah 36:29, מִן הָאָרֶץ Leviticus 26:6 (H), Ezekiel 34:25; אלילים Ezekiel 30:13; Deuteronomy 32:26.

cause to desist from: c. מִן Ezekiel 16:41; Ezekiel 34:10; Exodus 5:5 (E = give rest from); לְבִלְתִּי inf. Joshua 22:25 (P).

remove (= הֵסִיר מִן: c. מִן Ezekiel 23:27, Ezekiel 23:48 Psalms 89:45 (text dub.: read הִשְׁבַּתּוֹ [3] 𝔊 Du; מַטֵּה הֹדוֹ Herz Che, v. also sub מֳהָר); leaven מבתים Exodus 12:15 (P); הַשׁ׳ אֶח־ק׳ ישׂר׳ מִפָּנֵינוּ Isaiah 30:11.

cause to fail, let be lacking: salt מֵעַל מִנְחָתֶ֑ךָ Leviticus 2:13 (P); acc. pers. + ל pers. Jeremiah 48:35; Ruth 4:14. I. שֶׁבֶת v. ישׁב.

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שֶׁ֫בֶת²

n.f. cessation (dub.) Proverbs 20:3 (c. מֵרִיב, 𝔊 ἀποστρέφεσθαι = שׁוּב); שִׁבְתּוֹ Exodus 21:19 i.e. from work = his loss of time (but Di i. שֶׁבֶת, p. 443 f.).—Isaiah 30:7 perhaps = a sitting still (indolently) √ ישׁב, but prob. crpt., v. Du Che al.

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שַׁבָּת

n.f. ^{Ex 31:14 +} m. ^{Is 56:2, 6; 66:23}, (under infl. of יוֹם in freq. יוֹם הַשּׁ׳, Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 47}) Sabbath (= ת + שׁבת; NH שַׁבָּת, Aramaic שַׁבְּתָא, ܫܰܒܬܳܐ; perhaps Assyrian šabattum (‖ ûm nûḫ libbi, day of rest of heart (i.e. propitiation) [of deity]: only in lex. tablets); cf. Lotz ^{Quaest. de hist. Sabbati, 1883} Jen ^{ZA iv (1869), 274 ff.} (doubts connexion of Assyrian word with Heb. Sabbath) Id ^{S. S. Times, Jan. 16, 1892, 35 f.} Muss-Arn ^{JBL xi (1892), 93} Schwally ^{Idiot. 127}; v. (more recently) Jastr^{Am. J. Theol. ii (1898), 312 ff.} Toy ^{TBL xviii (1899), 190 ff.} Dr ^{Hast DB Sabbath (1902)} Zim ^{KAT3. 592 ff.; ZMG 1904, 199 ff.} [15th day of month so called] ^{458 ff.});—abs. שׁ׳ Exodus 16:25 + 64 times; cstr. שַׁבַּת v Exodus 16:23 + 10 times; sf. שַׁבַּתּוֹ Numbers 28:10 + 3 times sf.; pl. שַׁבָּתוֹת Leviticus 23:15 + 7 times; cstr. שַׁבְּתֹת v Leviticus 23:38 Leviticus 25:8^(×2); sf. שַׁבְּתוֹתַי Isaiah 56:4 +, etc.;—

sabbath:

primitive שׁ׳ ליהוה Exodus 16:25 (J), Exodus 20:10 = Deuteronomy 5:14 (ten words) Leviticus 23:3 (P); הַשּׁ׳ Exodus 16:29 (J); בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי שׁ׳ Exodus 16:26 (J); on seventh day יוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת Exodus 20:8, Exodus 20:11 = Deuteronomy 5:12, Deuteronomy 5:15 (ten words), so throughout; Exodus 31:15 + 3 times P, Jeremiah 17:21; Ezekiel 46:4; Nehemiah 10:32 + 9 times, + (‖ new moon) Isaiah 1:13; Ezekiel 46:1; II Kings 4:23; Amos 8:5, cf. Isaiah 66:23^(×2), also חג and מועד Hosea 2:13; time of change of watch in temple II Kings 11:5, II Kings 11:7, II Kings 11:9^(×2) = II Chronicles 23:4, II Chronicles 23:8^(×2); מיסך הַשּׁ׳ (in temple) II Kings 16:18; orig. observed simply by abstinence from labour Exodus 20:9, Exodus 20:10 = Deuteronomy 5:14; Exodus 23:12 (E), Exodus 34:21 (J; Br ^{Hex. 181–195}).

Deut. reason for day is deliverance from Egypt Deuteronomy 5:15, hence its consecration, לְקַדְּשׁוֹ v Deuteronomy 5:12 = Exodus 20:8; קדּשׁ יום השׁ׳ Jeremiah 17:22, Jeremiah 17:24, Jeremiah 17:27 (especially no load carried), Ezekiel 20:20; Ezekiel 20:44:Ezekiel 20:24.

intensified by antith. חלּל שׁ׳ Ezekiel 20:13 + 5 times Ez, cf. Nehemiah 13:18. Phrases in H: שׁמר (ה)שׁ׳ Leviticus 19:3, Leviticus 19:30; Leviticus 26:2, then P Exodus 31:13, Exodus 31:14, Exodus 31:16; cf. Isaiah 56:2, Isaiah 56:4, Isaiah 56:6; יוֹם קָדְשִׁי, קדושׁ י׳: Isaiah 58:13^(×2) (c. כבּד). H also שַׁבְּתֹתֵיכֶם Leviticus 26:35; סִמָּחְֽרַת הַשּׁ׳ Leviticus 23:11, Leviticus 23:15, Leviticus 23:16; שַׁבְּתוֹתַי Leviticus 19:3, Leviticus 19:30; Leviticus 26:2; Isaiah 56:4; Ezekiel 20:12; Ezekiel 22:26, + 8 times Ez; ‖ מוֹעֵד Lamentations 2:6.

P gives as basis God’s resting Exodus 20:11; Exodus 31:17; שׁבתות י׳ Leviticus 23:38; קדשׁ ליהוה שׁ׳ Exodus 16:23, cf. Nehemiah 9:14, שׁ׳ שׁבתון Exodus 31:15; Exodus 35:2; Leviticus 23:3; עשׂה השׁ׳ Exodus 31:16, עֹלַת שׁ׳ בְּשַׁבַּתּוֹ Numbers 28:10, cf. Isaiah 66:23; בְּיוֹם הַשּׁ׳ בְּיוֹם הַשּׁ׳ Leviticus 24:8 on every sabbath, abbr. שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּת I Chronicles 9:32; לַשַּׁבָּתוֹת, ‖ חֳדָשִׁים + מועדים I Chronicles 23:31 + 3 times Chr, Nehemiah 10:34 (ל om. by error); work punished by stoning Numbers 15:32; trade prohib. Nehemiah 10:32; Nehemiah 13:15-21.

day of atonement is a שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן Leviticus 16:31; Leviticus 23:32 (P), cf. שָׁבַת שַׁבָּת v Leviticus 23:32 (P).

sabbath year, שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן Leviticus 25:4 (H); שַׁבָּת ליהוה v Leviticus 25:2, Leviticus 25:4 (H); (הארץ) רצה שַׁבְּתוֹתֶיהָ Leviticus 26:34^(×2), Leviticus 26:43 (H), II Chronicles 36:21.

= week (?): שֶׁבַע שַׁבָּתוֹת Leviticus 23:15 (H), seven sabbaths or weeks; שֶׁבַע שַׁבְּתֹת (ה)שָּׁנִים Leviticus 25:8^(×2) (H) seven sabbaths or weeks (of years), uncertain (v. Mk 16:2, 9; Lk 18:12; Mt 28:1, cf. J.Aram. usage); poss. שַׁבָּת Isaiah 66:23 = week (Du).

שַׁבַּת הָאָ֫רֶץ Leviticus 25:6 (H) = produce in sabbath year (growing of itself).

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שָׁבַת²

vb.denom. keep, observe (sabbath);—

, c. acc. cogn.; Pf. 3 fs. וְשָֽׁבְתָה הָאָרֶץ שַׁבָּת לי׳ Leviticus 25:2, cf. II Chronicles 36:21; 2 mpl. מֵעֶרֶב עַד־ עֶרֶב תִּשְׁבְּתוּ שַׁבַּתְּכֶ֑ם Leviticus 23:32 (P).

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שַׁבָּתוֹן

n.m. sabbath observance, sabbatism;—שׁ׳ Exodus 16:23 + 10 times P; usually phrase שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן sabbath of sabbatic observance;—

of weekly sabbath Exodus 31:15; Exodus 35:2; Leviticus 23:3; Exodus 16:23 (שַׁבָּתוֹן שַׁבַּת קֹדֶשׁ, prob. transp.).

day of atonement Leviticus 16:31; Leviticus 23:32.

sabbatical year Leviticus 25:4, cf. שְׁנַת שַׁבָּתוֹן v Leviticus 25:5.

שׁ׳ alone of feast of trumpets Leviticus 23:24, and of first and eighth days of feast of tabernacles v Leviticus 23:39, Leviticus 23:39.

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שַׁבְּתַי

n.pr. Levite;—Ezra 10:15; Nehemiah 8:7; Nehemiah 11:16; Σαβ(β)αθαι, etc.

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שָׁגַג

vb. go astray, commit sin or error (‖ שׁגה, שׁוג);—

Pf. שָׁגָג֛ Leviticus 5:18; Pt. שֹׁגֵג Job 12:16 Psalms 119:67; f. שֹׁגֶ֫גֶת Numbers 15:28;—

error, mentally Job 12:16.

sin ignorantly, inadvertently, Leviticus 5:18; Numbers 15:28 (P), cf. Psalms 119:67.—בְּשַׁגָּם Genesis 6:3 perhaps Inf. cstr. sf., by reason of their going astray, v. Ges^{§ 67 p} Ew Dr al.; > Vrss for that he also is flesh. אֲבִישַׁג, v. p. 4b.

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שְׁגָגָה

n.f. sin of error, inadvertence;—abs. שׁ׳ Numbers 15:25 +; sf. שִׁגְגָתוֹ Leviticus 5:18; שִׁגְגָתָם Numbers 15:25;—error (opp. sins of intention, or בְּיָד רָמָה) only P Ec: Numbers 15:25 = Ecclesiastes 5:5, cf. Ecclesiastes 10:5; על שׁ׳ Leviticus 5:18 Numbers 15:25; חטא בִּשׁ׳ Leviticus 4:2, Leviticus 4:22, Leviticus 4:27; Leviticus 5:15; Numbers 15:27, Numbers 15:28 + (vb. om.) v Numbers 15:26; עשׂה בִשׁ׳ Leviticus 4:22; Numbers 15:29 + (לִשׁ׳) v Numbers 15:24; אכל קֹדֶשׁ בִּשׁ׳ Leviticus 22:14; מַכֵּה־נֶפֶשׁ בִּשׁ׳ of unintended killing Numbers 35:11, Numbers 35:15 = Joshua 20:3, Joshua 20:9 (‖ in D בִּבְלִי־דַעַת).—I Samuel 14:24 v. שׁגה.

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שִׁגָּיוֹן

v. p. 993b.

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שָׁגָה

vb. go astray, error (Aramaic שְׁגָא, ܫܓܳܐ id.);—

Pf. 1 s. שָׁגִיתִי Job 6:24; Job 19:4, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁגֶּה Proverbs 5:23, etc.; Inf. cstr. שְׁגוֹת Proverbs 19:27; Pt. שֹׁגֶה Ezekiel 45:20; Proverbs 20:1, etc.;—

error, stray, of flock Ezekiel 34:6 (fig.).

swerve, meander, reel or roll, in drunkenness, ב of drink Isaiah 28:7^(×2); = be intoxicated, Proverbs 20:1; so with (בּ) love Proverbs 5:19, Proverbs 5:20; שׁ׳ בָּרֹאֶה Isaiah 28:7.

go astray, morally, I Samuel 26:21; Proverbs 5:23; Job 6:24; Job 19:4, + I Samuel 14:24 (reading שׁ׳ שְׁגָגָה) Th We Dr Now (after 𝔊; otherwise Bu HPS); c. מן, of י׳’s commands Psalms 119:21, Psalms 119:118, מִן of words of knowledge Proverbs 19:27.

specif. commit sin of ignorance, inadvertence Leviticus 4:13; Numbers 15:22 (P) Ezekiel 45:20 (cf. שׁגג).

lead astray:

lit., Pt. מַשְׁגֶּה Deuteronomy 27:18 (בַּדֶּרֶךְ).

מַשׁ׳ mentally = mislead Job 12:16.

morally, Pt. Proverbs 28:10 (רָ֑ע בְּדֶרֶךְ); Impf. 2 ms. sf. תַּשְׁגֵּנִי, c. מן of God’s commands Psalms 119:10; + perhaps Job 12:23 leadeth nations astray (מַשְׂגִּיא in Kenn., Field).

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שָׁגֵה

(שָׁגֵא van d. H.) n.pr.m. father of a hero of David I Chronicles 11:34.—B Σωλα, A Σαγη, 𝔊L Σαμαια.

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שִׁגָּיוֹן²

doubtful word, Psalms 7:1 (title), Ew De al. from √ שׁגה go astray, reel, i.e. wild, passionate song, with rapid changes of rhythm; cf. Lag^{BN 201 f.} who cp. שִׁגָּעוֹן, √ שׁגע; 𝔊 ψαλμός, read prob. מִזְמוֹר; pl. שִׁגְיֹנוֹת Habakkuk 3:1 (title), read נְגִינוֹת, so 𝔊.

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שֵׁגָל

n.f. (queen-) consort Nehemiah 2:6 Psalms 45:10, + perhaps Judges 5:30 v. שָׁלָל (Palm. n.pr.f. שגל Lzb³⁷² SAC¹¹¹ GACooke³⁰⁹; Thes¹³⁶³ cp. ‘queen,’ orig. ‘woman’; but שׁ׳ loan-word according to Lag^{BN 51, 153} and not from √ [שָׁגֵל]).

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שֶׁ֫גֶר

n.[f. Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 70}] offspring, young of beasts (שגר id. Ecclus Ben Sira 40:19; cf. We^{Skizzen iii. 170});—cstr. שׁ׳;—כָּל־פֶּטֶר שׁ׳ בְּהֵמָה Exodus 13:12 (J; כָּל־פ׳ רֶחֶם precedes); also שְׁגַר אֲלָפֶיךָ Deuteronomy 7:13; Deuteronomy 28:4, Deuteronomy 28:18, Deuteronomy 28:51 (all ‖ עַשְׁתְּרֹת צֹאנֶ֑ךָ).

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שַׁד

ii. שֹׁד breast, v. שׁדה.

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שֹׁד

v. שׁדד.

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שָׁדַד

vb. deal violently with, despoil, devastate, ruin (NH id., Niph.; Arabic سَدَّ stop up, obstruct, arrest, make firm; Ethiopic ሰደደ: expel; Assyrian šadâdu is draw, drag);—

Pf. 3 pl. consec. וְשָֽׁדְדוּ Ezekiel 32:12; sf. שַׁדּוּנִי Psalms 17:9; Impf. 3 ms. יָשׁוּד (metapl., cf. Ges^{§ 67 q} Bae) Psalms 91:6, sf. יְשָׁדֵּם (Ges^{§ 67 n}) Proverbs 11:3 Qr (Kt Pf. ושׁדם), יְשָׁדְדֵם Jeremiah 5:6; Imv. mpl. שָׁדְדוּ (Ges^{§ 67 cc}) Jeremiah 49:28; Inf. abs. שָׁדוֹד Micah 2:4; cstr. לִשְׁדוֹד Jeremiah 47:4 (Ges^{§ 45 g}), cf. also שֹׁד Hosea 10:14; Pt. act. שֹׁדֵד Jeremiah 6:26 +, etc.; pass. שָׁדוּד Judges 5:27 +, f. שְׁדוּדָה Psalms 137:8;—violently destroy, pers., = slay Judges 5:27 (pass.), Jeremiah 5:6 (wolf subj.; ‖ הִכָּה); acc. Philistines Jeremiah 47:4 (‖ הִכְרִית), v Jeremiah 5:4 (subj. י׳); = devastate, acc. בָּבֶל (subj. י׳) Jeremiah 51:55, cf. Psalms 137:8 (read prob. הַשֹּׁדֵדָה We Du cf. Ew Hi הַשָּׁדוֹדָה v. Kö^{ii. 194}); אֶת־גְּאוֹן מִצְרַיִם Ezekiel 32:12 (‖ נִשְׁמַד), cf. Hosea 10:14, אֶת־מַרְעִיתָם Jeremiah 25:36 (subj. י׳), abs. Isaiah 21:2 (‖ בָּגַד), Isaiah 33:1 (on use of pt. v. Ges^{§ 120 b}), pass. v Isaiah 21:1 (‖ בָּנַד), אַתְּי שָׁדוּד Jeremiah 4:30 (Gf Ba^{NB 179}, but dub.; < Du שְׁדוּדָה); = despoil, acc. pers. Jeremiah 49:28; = bring pers. to ruin Micah 2:4 (Inf. abs. + Niph. q.v.), Proverbs 11:3; weaker, assail Psalms 17:9; elsewhere Pt. act. as subst. devastator (despoiler?): of national foes Isaiah 16:1; Isaiah 21:2; Isaiah 33:1; Jeremiah 6:26 + 8 times Je; שׁוֹדְדֵי לַיְלָה Obadiah 1:5 (‖ גַּנָּבִים) del. Now GASm; personal foe Job 15:21; representing wicked in gen. Job 12:6 (‖ מַרְגִּיזֵי אֵל).

Pf. 1 pl. שָׁדוֹד נִשַׁדֻּנוּ Ges^{§ 67 u}) we are utterly ruined Micah 2:4.

Impf. 2 ms. אַל־תְּשַׁדֵּד רִבְצוֹ Proverbs 24:15 assault not his dwelling-place (‖ אַל־תֶּאֱרֹב); Pt. as subst. מְשַׁדֶּד־אָב Proverbs 19:26 he who assaults, maltreats (his) father (‖ יַבְרִיחַ אֵם).

Pf. 3 ms. שֻׁדַּד Isaiah 15:1 +, 3 fs. שֻׁדְּדָה Jeremiah 4:20 +, שָׁדְּדָה Nahum 3:7 (Ges^{§ 52 q}), etc.;—be devastated, of city Isaiah 15:1^(×2); Isaiah 23:1; Jeremiah 48:1; Jeremiah 49:3; Nahum 3:7, country or nation Jeremiah 4:20, cf. v Jeremiah 4:13 Jeremiah 9:18; Jeremiah 48:15, Jeremiah 48:20; Jeremiah 49:10, dwellings (אֹהֶל) Jeremiah 4:20; Jeremiah 10:20, trees Zechariah 11:2 (del. Sta^{ZAW i (1881), 25}), cf. v Jeremiah 49:33, strength of ships Isaiah 23:14, field (by drought) Joel 1:10, crop v Joel 1:10. †Pōʿel violently destroy: Impf. 3 ms. יְשֹׁדֵד מַצֵּבוֹתָם Hosea 10:2 (‖ יַעֲרֹף מִוְבְּחֹתָם).

Impf. (or Qal pass. Impf.? cf. Ges^{§ 53 u}) be devastated: 3 ms. בָּל־מִבְצָרֶיךָ יוּשָּׁ֑ד Hosea 10:14 (of Ephr., < We pl. יושׁדו); 2 ms. תּוּשַּׁד Isaiah 33:1 (subj. שׁוֹדֵד, v. Qal).

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שֹׁד²

(v. infr.) n.m. violence, havoc, devastation, ruin;—שׁ׳ abs. Hosea 7:13 +; cstr. Isaiah 22:4 +;—

violence, havoc, as social sin: חָמָס וָשֹׁד Amos 3:10; Jeremiah 6:7; Jeremiah 20:8; Ezekiel 45:9, שׁ׳ וְח׳ Habakkuk 1:3, כָּזָב וָשׁ׳ Hosea 12:2 (l. וָשָׁוְא, 𝔊 We Marti al.), שׁ׳ יָשֶׁבֶר Isaiah 59:7; Isaiah 60:18; Proverbs 24:2 (‖ עָמָל; שׁ׳ רְשָׁעִים Proverbs 21:7; c. genit. obj. שׁ׳ עֲנִיִּים Psalms 12:6.

devastation, ruin, for nation Hosea 7:13, כְּשֹׁד מִשַּׁדַּי יָבוֹא Isaiah 13:6 (sim. of יוֹם י׳) = Joel 1:15; Isaiah 16:4; (Lo Gr Che^Hpt Marti שֹׁדֵד; ‖ רֹמֵס), Isaiah 22:4, שׁ׳ וְשֶׁבֶר Isaiah 51:19; Jeremiah 48:3; more gen. Amos 5:9^(×2); for individ. Job 5:21 (van d. H. שׁוֹד), v Job 5:22; for beasts Habakkuk 2:17 (+ חֲמַס לְבָנוֹן).—Hosea 10:14 v. שׁדד Inf.—מִשֹּׁר (הָֽלְכוּ) Hosea 9:6 read אַשּׁוּר We Now Marti.—ii. שֹׁד, v. שׁדה.

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שַׁדַּי

v. infr. אַשְׁדוֹד v. p. 78; > here, Thes al.

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שֹׁד³

n.m. id. (cf. the rare Arabic ثُدٌ, Lane³³³ Ba^{ZMG xli. 637});—שׁ׳ abs., of mother Job 24:9; cstr. (fig., c. יָנַק): שׁ׳ מְלָכִים Isaiah 60:16, שׁ׳ תַּנְחֻמֶיהָ Isaiah 66:11, i.e. the consolations of Jerusalem.

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שְׁדֵיאוּר

n.pr.m. in Reuben (read prob. שַׁדַּי אוּר, שׁ׳ is flame, v. Nö^{ZMG xv (1860), 809} Ne^{Eg.. 46} Gray^{Prop. N. 169, 197});—only in אֱלִיצוּר בֶּן־שׁ׳ Numbers 1:5; Numbers 2:10; Numbers 7:30, Numbers 7:35; Numbers 10:18 (all P); Σεδιουρ.

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שִׁדָּה

n.f. meaning unknown;—only s. et pl. שִׁדָּה וְשִׁדּוֹת Ecclesiastes 2:8, apparently appos. of תַּעֲנֻגוֹת (𝔊 οἰνοχόον καὶ οἰνοχόας, i.e. שֹׁדֶה וְשֹׁדוֹת, from Aramaic שְׁדָא pour out [but not spec. of wine]; Aq κυλίκιον καὶ κυλίκια (cf. 𝔙), prob. from same √; Dl ^{Prol. 97} Kö ^{ii. 1. 161} Wildeb Siegf cp. Assyrian šadâdu, love (Siegf ‘Haremsperlen’), but this word lacks evidence; poss. שָׂרָה וְשָׂרוֹת, v. i. שָׂרָה).

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שַׁדַּי²

n.m. dei (etym. dub. (1) Aq Sym Theod ἱκανός; Rabb שֶׁ־ + דַּי (self-)sufficient, no moderns. (2)= almighty, √ שׁדד + י = Thes De Di Sta, or √ שׁדה = שׁדד, n. intens. Ew^{§ 155 c}, but שׁדד (q.v.) is deal violently not simply mightily; cf. 𝔊 παντοκράτωρ 14 (15) times (but in Pent. אל שׁ׳ is ὁ Θεός μου, σου, etc.), 𝔙 mostly omnipotens. (3) < conject. for orig. שֵׁדַי (v. שֵׁד) my sovereign lord, ‖ אֲדֹנָי, בעלי Nö^{SBA 1880, 775; ZMG xlii (1888), 481}; Hoffm^{Ph. Inscr. 53}; used of foreign deities (Deuteronomy 32:17), and so discredited (cf. בַּעַל).—> other conj., e.g. RS^{OTJC, 424} √ שׁדה pour forth (God as rain-giver); Dl^{Pr 96 sq.} Assyrian šadûʾ, high, ilu šadûʾa, Che^{Comm. Is ii. 148}, or šadû, mountain, also in n.pr.; v. further Dr ^{Gn 404 ff.});—

שַׁדַּי Numbers 24:4, Numbers 24:16 (JE, poem), and so as archaism Ruth 1:20, Ruth 1:21 Psalms 68:15; Psalms 91:1 Joel 1:15 = Isaiah 13:6; Ezekiel 1:24 (del. Co); especially Job 5:17 + 30 times Jb (+ Job 19:29 Ew Di, reading שׁ׳ for שׁדין).

אֵל שַׁדַּי Genesis 49:25 (poem; so read for אֵת שׁ׳, v. Sam. 𝔊 𝔖 Saad, Heb. Codd.), and so, as archaism, divine name of patriarchs in P, Genesis 17:1; Genesis 28:3; Genesis 35:11; Genesis 48:3; Exodus 6:3; Genesis 43:14 (R^P); so Ezekiel 10:5 (del. Co; but 𝔊 Σαδδαι).

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שְׁדֵפָה

n.f. blighted or blasted thing;—וּשׁ׳ לִפְנֵי קָמָה II Kings 19:26 a blasted thing before (the) standing grain, i.e. before maturity (> שְׁדֵמָה field, as ‖ Isaiah 37:27, cf. Di), but improb.; Th proposes וּשׁ׳ ל׳ קָדִים; Kit שְׁדֻף הַקָּדִים; We (and most since) וּשְׁדֵכָּֽה ׃ לְפָנַי קֻמְךָ וגו׳ (Che: וּשְׁפָיִים, for וּשְׁדֵפָה).

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שִׁדָּפוֹן

n.m. smut, on crops (Lag^{BN 202} Vogelst^{Landwirthsch. 56});—שׁ׳ abs. + יֵרָקוֹן Amos 4:9, cf. Haggai 2:17, Deuteronomy 28:22 I Kings 8:37 = II Chronicles 6:28.

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שַׁדְרַךְ

n.pr.m. Bab. name given to חֲנַנְיָה, one of Daniel’s comrades Daniel 1:7 (from and meaning dub.; Dl (cf. COT Dr) Šudur-Aku, command of Aku; Jen^{Th LZ 1895, 329} thinks Pers. [*Khšatraka]; Kohler^{ZA iv (1889), 50} conj. מרדך, so Wkl^{Altor. Forsch. iii. 47. 57} Zim^{KAT3. 396}).

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שֵׁשׁ

n.m. et f.six;—m. שֵׁשׁ (c. n.f.) Genesis 31:41 + 120 times; f. שִׁשָּׁה (c. n.m.) Genesis 30:20 + 39 times; cstr. שֵׁ֫שֶׁת Exodus 23:12 + 30 times (6 + 10 = 16 are additional);—six (Hex chiefly P):

no other num.:

bef. n.pl. 75 times: e.g. שֵׁשׁ שָׁנִים Exodus 21:2 (E) + 11 times, שֵׁשׁ אַמּוֹת I Samuel 17:4 + 8 times; שֵׁשׁ בָּאַמָּה †I Kings 6:6; שִׁשָּׁה בָּנִים Genesis 30:20 (E) + 2 times; שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים Exodus 23:12 (E) + 14 times; after n. (late) †Exodus 28:2 Joshua 15:59, Joshua 15:62 (all P), I Chronicles 4:27; I Chronicles 26:17; Nehemiah 5:18; rarely n. om. Leviticus 24:6 (P) + (distrib. II Samuel 21:20 = I Chronicles 20:6).

= ordin. שְׁנַת שֵׁשׁ לְחִזְק׳ II Kings 18:10 (Ges^{§ 134 o}).

16, c. n.f.: שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה, bef. נָ֑פֶשׁ Genesis 46:18 (P), שָׁנָה II Kings 13:10 + 9 times, בָּנוֹת II Chronicles 13:21; after עָרִים Joshua 15:41; Joshua 19:22 (P); c. n.m. שִׁשָׁה עָשָׂר, bef. אֲדָנִים Exodus 26:25; Exodus 36:30 (P), also אֶלֶף, 1000, Numbers 31:40 + (P); after בָּנִים I Chronicles 4:27, etc.; = ordin. 16th I Chronicles 24:14; I Chronicles 25:23 +, יוֹם שׁ׳ ע׳ II Chronicles 29:17.

600 = שֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת, Genesis 7:6 (P) + 63 times; 6000 = שֵׁשֶׁת אֲלָפִים Numbers 3:34 (P) + 8 times; שׁ׳ אֶלֶף Judges 20:15 + 2 times

c. tens, שׁ׳ foll. Genesis 46:26 + 13 times, precedes Numbers 31:44 (P).

שׁ׳ as round no., חָמֵשׁ אוֹ־שׁ׳ II Kings 13:19, cf. Job 5:19 Proverbs 6:16.

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שִׁשִּׁי

m.₂₂ שִׁשִׁית f.₆ adj.num. ordin. sixth;—(הַ)יוֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁי Genesis 1:31 + 5 times, etc.; בַּשָּׁנָה הַשִּׁשִּׁית Leviticus 25:21 Ezekiel 8:1, etc.; cstr. שִׁשִּׁית הַהִין Ezekiel 4:11 6th part of the hin, cf. Ezekiel 45:13; Ezekiel 46:14; read שׁ׳ also Ezekiel 45:13 (v. [שִׁשָּׁה] infra).

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שִׁשִּׁים

n. indecl. sixty;—bef. n. sg.: city Deuteronomy 3:4 + 4 times, cubit I Kings 6:2 Ezekiel 40:14, man II Kings 25:19 = Jeremiah 52:25, day Leviticus 12:5, etc.; n.pl. בָּנוֹת II Chronicles 11:21, cf. Song of Songs 3:7; after n.pl. Numbers 7:88^(×3) II Chronicles 3:3; II Chronicles 11:21 +; שִׁשִּׁים אֶלֶף II Chronicles 12:3 +; שׁ׳ foll. units Genesis 5:15 + 12 times; שׁ׳ precedes unit Isaiah 7:8 + 12 times; שׁ׳ foll. 100 (1000) Ezra 8:10 + 11 times; precedes Genesis 5:18 + 8 times

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שֹׁ֫הַם

n.m. ^{Job 28:16} a gem, identif. dubious, Vrss vary; onyx or chrysoprasus Ri^{HWB 2, 336 f.} onyx Taylor^{Hast. DB iii. 624}, beryl Ridgeway^{Ency. Bib. 545} malachite Myres^{ib. 4808}, etc.; cf. also Dr Genesis 2:12 (√ unknown; perhaps loan-word, cf. Assyrian sâmtu Dl^{WB 438});—אֶבֶן הַשּׁ׳ Genesis 2:12 (J; + הַבְּדֹלַח), in land Ḥavilah; אַבְנֵי שׁ׳ Exodus 25:7; Exodus 28:9; Exodus 35:9, Exodus 35:27; Exodus 39:6 (all P), I Chronicles 29:2; אֶבֶן om. Ezekiel 28:13; Exodus 28:20; Exodus 39:13 (both P; all in lists of gems); שׁ׳ יָקָר וְסַפִּיר Job 28:16.

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שֹׁ֫הַם²

n.pr.m. Levite;—שׁ׳ I Chronicles 24:27; Ισ(σ)οαμ, Ιεσσαμ.

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שְׁוָא

n.pr.m.

Calebite I Chronicles 2:49, Σαου, Σουε.

secretary, David’s time II Samuel 20:25 Qr (Kt שׁיא), Ιησους, A Ισους, 𝔊L Σουσα (v. שְׂרָיָה(וּ) 1).

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שׁוא

(√ of foll.; cf. Arabic سَآءَ (med. و) be evil, foul, unseemly; Ethiopic ሰይአ. baseness).

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שָׁוְא

n.[m.] emptiness, vanity;—שׁ׳ abs. Exodus 23:1 + 51 times, שָׁו Job 15:31 (Kt);—

emptiness, nothingness, vanity: שׁ׳ תְּשׁוּעַת אָדָם Psalms 60:13 vain (is) man’s deliverance, = Psalms 108:13; שׁ׳ לָכֶם Psalms 127:2 it is vain (useless) for you; Psalms 89:48 for (עַל) what nothingness hast thou created man? cf. שׁ׳ יַרְחֵי Job 7:3; הַבְלֵי שׁ׳ Psalms 31:7 (idols) = Jonah 2:9, cf. Jeremiah 18:15; מִנְחַת שׁ׳ Isaiah 1:13 of ineffective offering to י׳; נשׂא לַשּׁ׳ (לֹא) Exodus 20:7^(×2) take up name of God in vain (to no good purpose) = Deuteronomy 5:11^(×2), cf. Psalms 24:4; Psalms 139:20 [MT lifted up in vain are thy foes; היה שׁ׳ Hosea 12:12 become nothing (We עשׂה שׁ׳, and so 3); ראה שׁ׳ Psalms 119:37; adv. לַשּׁ׳ in vain Jeremiah 2:30; Jeremiah 4:30; Jeremiah 6:29; Jeremiah 46:11; שׁ׳ Psalms 127:1^(×2); Malachi 3:14; Job 35:13.

emptiness of speech, שׁ׳ וּדְבַר כָּזָב Proverbs 30:8; דבּר שׁ׳ Psalms 12:3; Psalms 41:7; Psalms 144:8, Psalms 144:11; Isaiah 59:4; Ezekiel 13:8; אָלוֹת שׁ׳ Hosea 10:4 + Hosea 12:2 𝔊 We al. (for שֹׁד); הָלַךְ עִם־שׁ׳ Job 31:5 (‖ מִרְמָה); עֵד שׁ׳ Deuteronomy 5:17 = עֵד שָֽׁקֶר Exodus 20:13); cf. שֵׁמַע שׁ׳ Exodus 23:1 (E); of false (empty) prophecy חֲזוֹן שׁ׳ Ezekiel 12:24, חָזוּ שׁ׳ Lamentations 2:14; v. also Ezekiel 13:6, Ezekiel 13:7, Ezekiel 13:9, Ezekiel 13:23; Ezekiel 21:34; Ezekiel 22:28; Job 35:13 (or empty complaint) Lamentations 2:14^(×2); קסם שׁ׳ Ezekiel 21:28; חֲלמוֹת הַשּׁ׳ Zechariah 10:2.

of conduct, worthlessness (Buhl sub 1, 2); מְתֵי שׁ׳ worthless men Psalms 26:4; Job 11:11; worthless motives (in fig.) חֵבְלֵי הַשּׁ׳ Isaiah 5:18; נָפַת שׁ׳ Isaiah 30:28 (i.e. sifting out the worthless; al. sieve of (bringing) disappointment); play on meanings in Job 15:31^(×2), cf. Dr^{Job, Psalt. 464}.

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שׁוא²

(√ of foll.; prob. ‖ form of שׁאה).

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שׁוֹא

n.[m.] ravage (?);—pl. sf. שֹׁאֵיהֶם Psalms 35:17 rescue me from their ravages (si vera l.); 𝔊 κακουργία; Ol Dy Gr Che^Comm. plausibly שַׁאֲגָם their roaring, cf. v Psalms 35:16, Psalms 35:17; We Du שֹׁאֲגִים.

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שׁוֹאָה

n.f. devastation, ruin, waste;—abs. שׁו׳ Isaiah 10:3 +, שֹׁאָה Isaiah 47:11; Zephaniah 1:15; Job 30:14 (+ Job 38:27 van d. H. Gi, but v. Baer’s n.); cstr. שֹׁאַת Proverbs 3:25;—

devastation, ruin, as coming on pers., Isaiah 10:3; Isaiah 47:11 (Babylon personif.), Psalms 35:8; Psalms 63:10; שֹׁאַת רְשָׁעִים Proverbs 3:25 (obj. genit.; ‖ פַּחַד); (יוֹם) שׁ׳ וּמְשׁוֹאָה Zephaniah 1:15; prob. = devastating storm, in sim. Ezekiel 38:9 (‖ עָנָן), Proverbs 1:27 (Qr; Kt שׁאוה; ‖ סוּפָה).—Psalms 35:8 read prob. שַׁחְתֹּה his pit, 𝔖 We (cf. v Psalms 35:7).

concretely, ruin, waste, of the desert, Job 30:3 (reading אֶרֶץ for אֶמֶשׁ Ol; otherwise sub 1), שׁ׳ וּמְשׁוֹאָה Job 38:27 (‖ מִדְבָּר v Job 30:26); = ruins Job 30:14.

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שׁוּב

vb. turn back, return (NH id.; Hiph. in MI 8 f. 12; Sab. תֿוב, התֿב, especially requite Os^{ZMG xix (1865), 198} SabDenkm^{No. 20, l. 1} Hom^{Chrest. 122} CIS ^{iv. 81, 1. 9}, etc.; Arabic ثَابَ return, so Aramaic תּוּב, ܬܒ );—

Pf. 3 ms. שָׁב Genesis 18:33 +, 3 fs. שָׁ֫בָה Ruth 1:15 +, וְשָׁבַת consec. †Ezekiel 46:17 (Ges^{§ 72 o}, but Co Toy Krae וְשָׁבָה), 2 ms. שַׁבְתָּ Psalms 85:2, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָשׁוּב Hosea 11:5 + often, יָשֻׁב Psalms 146:4; Lamentations 3:3, juss. יָשֹׁב Judges 7:3 +, וַיָּ֫שָׁב Genesis 26:18 +; 3 fpl. תָּשֹׁבְןָ Ezekiel 16:55^(×2), תְּשֻׁבֶינָה v Ezekiel 16:55, etc.; Imv. ms. שׁוּב Genesis 31:3 +, שֻׁב Exodus 4:19; I Kings 18:43, שׁוּ֫בָה Hosea 14:2 +, fpl. שֹׁבְנָה Ruth 1:8, Ruth 1:11, Ruth 1:12, etc.; Inf. abs. שׁוֹב Genesis 8:3 +, cstr. שׁוּב Exodus 4:21 +, שֹׁב Joshua 2:16 (Ges^{§ 72 q}), etc.; Pt. שָׁב Genesis 43:18 +, fs. שָׁבָ֫ה Ruth 1:22 +, etc.; pass. cstr. שׁוּבֵי Micah 2:8;—turn back, return:

turn back, c. מִן loc. Judges 3:19; Judges 8:13, cf. Judges 7:3, c. מֵאַחֲרֵי pers., i.e. from following II Samuel 11:15; I Kings 19:21; Ruth 1:16, from pursuing II Samuel 2:26, II Samuel 2:30; I Kings 22:33 = II Chronicles 18:32; c. מִן of pursuit I Samuel 17:53; I Samuel 23:28, cf. II Chronicles 11:4; c. אַחֲרֵי pers., i.e. so as to follow I Samuel 15:31 II Samuel 23:10; turn back in fear, מִן rei Job 39:22 (of horse), מִפְנֵי כֹל Proverbs 30:30 (of lion), so abs. (of foes) Psalms 6:11; Psalms 56:10; Psalms 70:4, in shame Lamentations 1:8; turn back and do so and so: Genesis 14:7; Exodus 14:2, cf. Numbers 33:7 (עַל loc., both P), Joshua 8:21 (E), Joshua 11:10 (J), I Chronicles 21:20, sq. inf. II Chronicles 20:27; abs. turn back (face about) Song of Songs 7:1^(×4) (+ vb.); = be repulsed, defeated Psalms 9:4 (+ אָחוֹר), Psalms 74:21; fig. turn back, viz. from promise or vow Judges 11:35; c. מִן of service Numbers 8:25 (P), i.e. be exempt.

return, come or go back, c. מֵעַל pers. I Samuel 17:15 (opp. הלך), II Samuel 10:14; II Kings 18:14, מִן pers. Joshua 10:31 (+ בְּשָׁלוֹם), מִן loc., especially from foreign land II Kings 8:3; II Chronicles 10:2; Ruth 1:6, Ruth 1:22; Ruth 2:6; Ruth 4:3; Jeremiah 31:16; Jeremiah 40:12; Jeremiah 43:5; Jeremiah 44:28; Ezra 6:21; Nehemiah 8:17, מֵהַכּוֹת Genesis 14:17 (JE?), I Samuel 17:57; I Samuel 18:6; II Samuel 1:1; II Samuel 8:13, מֵאַחֲרֵי i.e. from pursuing I Samuel 24:2 (Gi v I Samuel 24:1); fig., לֹא שׁ׳ מִנִּי חֹשֶׁךְ Job 15:22 (v. חֹשֶׁךְ 3 a); עִבְרוּ וָשׁוּבוּ מִשַּׁעַר לָשַׁעַר Exodus 32:27 (J), i.e. go back and forth from gate to gate, cf. (abs.) pt. as subst. עֹבֵר וָשָׁב Zechariah 7:14; Zechariah 9:8 and (= all persons) Ezekiel 35:7; also וַיֵּצֵא יָצוֹא וָשׁוֹב Genesis 8:7 (J), רָצוֹא וָשׁוֹב Ezekiel 1:14 (del. Hi Co Toy al.; yet v. Krae); Genesis 8:3 (J) v. הלך 4 c (4).

especially return unto:

go back, אֶל pers. Numbers 23:5, Numbers 23:16 (JE), II Kings 1:6 (‖ הָלַךְ, as often), Exodus 5:22 (J; אֶל־י׳, Exodus 32:31 (E; id.), Numbers 17:15 (P), II Samuel 20:22 (+ acc. loc.), Jeremiah 46:16 (both + אֶל loc.), + 17 times; אֶל loc. also Genesis 21:32; Genesis 28:21 (both E), II Samuel 11:4; Hosea 5:15 (of י׳), II Chronicles 19:1 (+ בְּשָׁלוֹם, + ל pers.), Esther 2:14 (opp. בּוֹא), Esther 7:8 (+ מִן loc.), + 27 times; of a dog שׁ׳ עַל־קֵאוֹ Proverbs 26:11; ל loc. Genesis 18:33 (J), I Samuel 26:25; I Samuel 29:4; I Kings 19:15 (+ -ה loc.), Genesis 33:16 (J; לְדַרְכּוֹ, + id.), Psalms 7:8 (of י׳), + 25 times; ל pers. †Ruth 1:10 (לְעַמֵּךְ); -ה loc. also Genesis 44:13 (J), Exodus 4:20, Exodus 4:21 (R), Exodus 13:17 (E), + 5 times; שָׁם (= שָׁ֫מָּה) Jeremiah 22:27; acc. loc. also Hosea 8:13; Hosea 9:3; I Samuel 18:2; II Samuel 3:27; II Samuel 15:27 (+ בְּשָׁלוֹם), II Kings 2:25 (+ מִן loc.), + 15 times; acc. דֶּרֶךָ Ezekiel 46:9; acc. pers. †Numbers 10:36; אַחֲרֵי pers. Ruth 1:15; abs. II Samuel 3:16; II Samuel 19:16 (+ בּוֹא), I Kings 18:43; Jeremiah 40:5 (< del. 𝔊 Gie Du), Ezekiel 7:13 (del. 𝔊 Co Krae al.) +; sq. vb., go back and do so and so, Genesis 43:2; I Samuel 1:19; I Samuel 29:7 (שׁוּב וְלֵךְ בְּשָׁלוֹם), I Kings 13:22; II Chronicles 18:16 (+ בְּשָׁלוֹם) +, (Jeremiah 42:10 read יָשׁוֹב Vrss and mod.); sq. inf. purpose Judges 14:8; II Samuel 6:20 + 10 times

come back, אֶל pers. Genesis 8:9 (J; + אֶל loc.), Exodus 24:14 (J), I Samuel 23:23 + II Samuel 17:3 (𝔊 Ew Th We Dr HPS Bu), I Kings 12:15 (opp. הָלַךְ) + 9 times + (in hostility) Judges 20:48; אֶל loc. also Zechariah 8:3 (subj. י׳); Joshua 22:32 (P) has מֵאֵת pers. + מִן loc. + אֶל loc. + אֶל pers.; אֶל rei Ezekiel 7:13; עַל pers. †Nehemiah 4:6 Micah 5:2 (be reunited to); עַל loc. †I Kings 17:21, I Kings 17:22; ל loc. Joshua 1:15 (R), Zechariah 1:16 (subj. י׳), II Chronicles 30:9 + (from exile) 5 times; ל animal., Job 39:4; -ה loc. †Genesis 15:16 (E), Genesis 50:14 (J); acc. loc. †II Chronicles 19:8; שָׁם Jeremiah 22:11 (opp. יָצָא), שָׁ֫מָּה v Jeremiah 22:27, הֵ֫נָּה Jeremiah 31:8; abs. Genesis 43:10 (J), II Samuel 10:5; II Kings 1:5; Isaiah 21:12 (‖ אָתָה), Job 39:12 (Kt, so Bu Du; of wild ox), + often; + בְּשָׁלוֹם Judges 8:9; I Kings 22:28 (שׁוֹב תָּשׁוּב) = II Chronicles 18:27; II Chronicles 18:26; + vb., come back and do so and so, †Deuteronomy 1:45; Deuteronomy 30:8; Jeremiah 37:8; I Kings 19:7; I Kings 20:5; II Kings 9:36 Psalms 60:2 (title), cf. Zechariah 4:1; Daniel 11:10, שׁ׳ לָשֶׁבֶת Numbers 35:32 (P), שׁ׳ לָלֶכֶת Ecclesiastes 5:14.

of dying, שׁ׳ אֶל־(הֶ)עָפָר Genesis 3:19^(×2) (J), Psalms 104:29; Ecclesiastes 3:20, עַל־עָפָר Job 34:15; שׁ׳ לְאַדְמָתוֹ Psalms 146:4, cf. אָשׁוּב שָׁ֫מָּה (i.e. בֶּטֶן אִמּוֹ) Job 1:21 (v. Di Bu, also Ecclesiastes 5:14); שׁ׳ לִשְׁא֑וֹלָה Psalms 9:18; so prob. abs. Psalms 90:3 (> come back to life); of (human) dust, שׁ׳ עַל־הָאָרֶץ Ecclesiastes 12:7; breath, שׁ׳ אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִים v Ecclesiastes 12:7.

of revival from death, שׁ׳ לְבֵיתוֹ Job 7:10, abs. Job 10:21 (opp. הָלַךְ), Job 16:22 (id.), Proverbs 2:19; also c. אֶל pers. II Samuel 12:23.

fig. of human relations:

return to leader, king, אֶל pers., Judges 11:8; I Kings 12:27^(×2); to divorced wife Jeremiah 3:1 (opp. הלך).

= change so as to approach (in purpose, desire), אֶל־ pers. Jeremiah 15:19^(×2).

turn, i.e. resort to, ל pers. Psalms 119:79.

return to a physical condition Job 33:25 (ל rei); to a state or course of life, ל rei Isaiah 23:17; Ezekiel 16:55^(×3); Nehemiah 9:17 Psalms 85:9 עַל rei Jeremiah 11:10, הֲלוֹם Psalms 73:10 (but crpt.); ב Jeremiah 8:6 (Du reads שָׁט for שָׁב).

abs. = change course of action; from good to bad, וַיָּשָׁב וַיִּמְרָד־בּוֹ II Kings 24:1; Jeremiah 34:11, Jeremiah 34:16; bad to good v Jeremiah 34:15; so שׁ׳ alone Job 6:29^(×2) (prob.; read וְשׁוּבוּ, so Di Da Bu al.; other interpr. De Du al.).

pt. pass. = averse, שׁוּבֵי מִלְחָמָה Micah 2:8 (> We Now שׁבִי spoil of war).

fig., specif. of spiritual relations:

turn back from God, = apostatize, מֵאַחֲרֵי י׳ Numbers 14:43 (J), I Samuel 15:11; I Kings 9:6 (שׁוֹב תְּשֻׁב֫וּן), Jeremiah 3:19; Numbers 32:15; Joshua 22:16, Joshua 22:18, Joshua 22:23, Joshua 22:29 (all P); abs. (usually + vb.) Judges 2:19; Judges 8:33; Joshua 23:12 (R^D), Jeremiah 8:4 Psalms 78:41; II Chronicles 7:19.

of י׳, turn away, מֵאַחֲרֵי pers. Deuteronomy 23:15.

turn back to God (= seek penitently), אֶל־י׳ Hosea 6:1; Hosea 7:10; Hosea 14:3; Jeremiah 3:7; I Kings 8:33, I Kings 8:48 (בְּכָל־לֵבָב), + 18 times; אֶל־אֱלֹהִים †Hosea 5:4 Psalms 51:15, cf. Isaiah 10:21; עַל־י׳ †II Chronicles 15:4; II Chronicles 30:9; עַד־י׳ Amos 4:6, Amos 4:8, Amos 4:9, Amos 4:10, Amos 4:11; Hosea 14:2; Isaiah 9:12 + 5 times; עַד־שַׁדַּי †Job 22:23; לי׳ Isaiah 31:6, שׁ׳ נַפְשִׁי לִמְנוּחָ֑יְכִי Psalms 116:7; cf. לַבַּעַל Hosea 7:16 (for לֹא עַל, Now, cf. Marti); לְתוֹכַחְתִּי Proverbs 1:23 (prob. del., v. Toy).

abs. repent, Hosea 3:5; Hosea 11:5; Isaiah 6:10; Isaiah 10:22; Jeremiah 3:7, Jeremiah 3:12, Jeremiah 3:14, Jeremiah 3:22; Jeremiah 4:1; Jeremiah 5:3 + 14 times, + pt. as subst. Isaiah 1:27.

turn back from evil, c. מִן (especially Je Ez) I Kings 8:35; I Kings 13:33; Jeremiah 15:7; Jeremiah 18:8 + 8 times Je, Ezekiel 3:19; Ezekiel 13:22 + 12 times Ez, + 9 times; cf. שָׁבֵי פֶשַׁע Isaiah 59:20; שׁוּבוּ וְהָשִׁיבוּ מִן Ezekiel 18:30, so c. מֵעַל Ezekiel 14:6; from good, c. מִן, †Ezekiel 3:20; Ezekiel 18:24, Ezekiel 18:26; Ezekiel 33:18.

of י׳, שׁ׳ מֵחֲרוֹן אַפּוֹ Exodus 32:12 (JE), Deuteronomy 13:18; Joshua 7:26 (J), II Kings 23:26; Jonah 3:9; שׁ׳ מִמֶּנּוּ אַף־י׳ Hosea 14:5; Jeremiah 2:35; Jeremiah 4:8; Numbers 25:4 (P), II Chronicles 12:12; II Chronicles 29:10; II Chronicles 30:8, so (man’s anger) Genesis 27:45 (J) and (abs.) v Genesis 27:44 (E); abs. of אַף־י׳ Isaiah 5:25; Isaiah 9:11, Isaiah 9:16, Isaiah 9:20; Isaiah 10:4; Isaiah 12:1; Jeremiah 23:20 (opp. יָצָא v Jeremiah 23:19), Jeremiah 30:24 Job 14:13; Daniel 9:16.

of י׳, return (to shew favour), אֶל pers. †Genesis 18:10 (+ inf. abs.), v Genesis 18:14 Zechariah 1:3; Malachi 3:7; II Chronicles 30:6, abs. Isaiah 63:17 Psalms 80:15 (‖ הִבִּיט, פָּקַד), Psalms 90:13, + vb. Jeremiah 12:15 Psalms 6:5 Joel 2:14 Jonah 3:9; also in hostility, + vb. Joshua 24:20 (E), c. inf. purpose Hosea 11:9.

of י׳, turn back from (מִן) judgment Jeremiah 4:28, אֱמֶת Psalms 132:11; מֵאַחֲרֵי pers., i.e. cease to bless, Jeremiah 32:40.

of inanimate things (sometimes personified, or treated as things of life):

as perceptibly moving, water Genesis 8:3 (J; מֵעַל loc.), Joshua 4:18 (J; ל loc.), Exodus 14:26 (P; עַל pers.), v Exodus 14:28 (P; + vb.), Psalms 104:9 (ל inf.), sea Exodus 14:27 (J; לְאֵיתָנוֹ); wind Psalms 78:39 (opp. הלך), Ecclesiastes 1:6 (עַל loc.); shadow II Kings 20:9, II Kings 20:10 (+ אֲחֹרַנִּית), ‖ Isaiah 38:8 (sun on dial), of breath (= revive) Judges 15:19; I Samuel 30:12 (אֶל pers.); clouds Ecclesiastes 12:2 (מִן temp.); rain and snow Isaiah 55:10 (ה loc.); rolling stone Proverbs 26:27; sword II Samuel 1:22 (מִן rei), Ezekiel 21:10, arrow Jeremiah 50:9; of plague-spot = re-appear, Leviticus 14:43 (P).

= be brought back, Genesis 43:18 (J), I Samuel 5:11 (ל loc.), hence be restored, ל pers. Ezekiel 46:17, so of kingdom I Kings 12:26, city I Samuel 7:14 (Ezekiel 35:9 v. ישׁב 4), field Leviticus 27:24 (P); of animal Deuteronomy 28:31.

= be turned into, ל rei, Isaiah 29:17; = be turned back into, עַד rei, Micah 1:7.

return, fig. of word, (1) Isaiah 45:23, c. אֶל pers. Isaiah 55:11 (both opp. יָצָא); (2) Psalms 35:13 my prayer turned upon (עַל) my bosom (was uttered with bowed head, De Bae Du).

turn away, depart, of infamy Proverbs 25:10.

return (in recompense), of crime, evil, etc., c. בְּרֹאשׁ I Kings 2:33; Obadiah 1:15 Psalms 7:17, עַל־רֹאשׁ Esther 9:25, ל pers. Psalms 54:7 (Kt; > Qr Hiph.), Proverbs 12:14.

Psalms 94:15 judgment (-giving) shall return to (עַד) righteousness (be in accord therewith).

of boundary, = change (sometimes reverse) direction (P), -ה loc. Joshua 19:12 (+ מִן loc.), v Joshua 19:34 (+ acc. loc.), acc. loc. also v Joshua 19:27, Joshua 19:29 (+ עַד loc.), v Joshua 19:29.

be restored to healthy condition, of withered hand I Kings 13:6^(×2) (אֶל pers.), leprous hand Exodus 4:7 (J; c. כ comp.), flesh II Kings 5:10 (ל pers.), v II Kings 5:14; Leviticus 13:16 (‖ נֶהְפַּךְ לְלָבָן).

denoting repetition, etc. (Ges^{§ 120 d g}): + vb., return (and) do = do again, Genesis 26:18; Genesis 30:31; Numbers 11:4 (all J), Judges 19:7; I Samuel 3:5, I Samuel 3:6; I Kings 13:33; I Kings 19:6; II Kings 1:11, II Kings 1:13; II Kings 19:9; II Kings 21:3 = II Chronicles 33:3; Jeremiah 18:4; Jeremiah 36:28; Zechariah 5:1; Zechariah 6:1; Malachi 1:4; Job 10:16; Job 17:10 Psalms 7:13; Daniel 9:25, perhaps also II Chronicles 19:4; cf. Isaiah 6:13 = it, in turn, shall be destroyed (destruction shall be repeated in its case), Lamentations 3:3 appar. = do repeatedly; שׁ׳ + Inf. abs. Ecclesiastes 4:1, Ecclesiastes 4:7; Ecclesiastes 9:11; in compar. עוֹד תָּשׁוּב תִּרְאֶה Ezekiel 8:6 thou shalt see yet greater abominations, so v Ezekiel 8:13 and (מִן comp.) v Ezekiel 8:15; שׁ׳ + Inf. cstr. Deuteronomy 24:4; Deuteronomy 30:9; Joshua 5:2 (R^D), Jeremiah 36:28; Ezekiel 8:17; Ezra 9:14; Nehemiah 9:28; Job 7:7; Ecclesiastes 1:7: = reverse one’s action, + vb. Joshua 2:23 (E), Hosea 2:11; II Kings 13:25; Deuteronomy 30:3; Micah 7:19; Zechariah 8:15 Psalms 71:20^(×2); Psalms 85:7; = restore to original condition by doing, + vb. Deuteronomy 23:14.

trans., peculiarly, in phr. שׁ׳ שְׁבוּת restore captivity of, etc., c. 21 times (v. שְׁבוּת sub שָׁבָה); שׁ׳ י׳ צִיּוֹן Isaiah 52:8, שׁ׳ c. sf. pers. Psalms 85:5; elsewhere only וְשָׁב י׳ אֶת־גְּאוֹן יַעֲקֹב וגו׳ Nahum 2:3, cf. Hiph. 9.

bring back, Pf. 1 s. וְשֹׁבַבְתִּ֫י, c. acc. pers. + אֶל loc. Jeremiah 50:19 (י׳ subj.), Inf. cstr. sf. בְּשׁוֹבְבִי, c. מִן loc. Ezekiel 39:27 and (fig.) לְשׁוֹבֵב, c. אֶל pers. Isaiah 49:5; Impf. 2 ms. תְּשׁוֹבֵב לָנוּ Psalms 60:3 = take us back into power.

fig. restore, refresh, 3 ms. נַפְשִׁי יְשׁוֹבֵב Psalms 23:3 (י׳ subj.); cf. Hiph. 2 b.

restore, repair, Pt. מְשׁוֹבֵב נְתִיבוֹח לָשָׁ֑בֶת Isaiah 58:12.

lead away (enticingly), Pf. 1 s. sf. (of Gog), י׳ subj., וְשׁוֹבַבְתִּיךָ Ezekiel 38:4 (del. Co), וְשֹׁ׳ Ezekiel 39:2; so fig. 3 fs. sf. וְדַעְתֵּךְ הִיא שׁוֹבְבָ֑תֶךְ Isaiah 47:10 (of Bab.);—Jeremiah 50:6 v. Qal.

shew turning = apostatize (cf. Hiph. 8), Pf. 3 fs. שׁוֹבְבָה Jeremiah 8:5 (read שׁוֹבֵב, and del. ירושׁלם, c. 𝔊).—Vid. also שׁוֹבֵב infra.

Pt. f. מְשׁוֹבֶ֫בֶת Ezekiel 38:8 a land restored + מִן rei.—Vid. also שׁוֹבָב infra.

Pf. 3 ms. Genesis 41:13 +; sf. וַהֲשִׁיבְךָ Genesis 40:13, וֶהֱשִׁיבְךָ Deuteronomy 28:68; 2 ms. הֱשִׁיבוֹתָ Psalms 85:4, וַהֲשֵׁבֹתָ֫ Deuteronomy 4:39; Deuteronomy 30:1, sf. וַהֲשֵׁיבוֹתָם II Chronicles 6:25; 1 s. consec. וַהֲשִׁיב֫וֹתִי Amos 1:8, וַהֲשִׁבֹתִ֫י Numbers 22:8 +, sf. וְהוֹשְׁבוֹתִים Zechariah 10:6 (but read וַהֲשִׁבוֹתִים, v. ישׁב Hiph.), etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָשִׁיב Exodus 21:34 +, (read יָשִׁב Daniel 11:18, Daniel 11:19 > Qr v Daniel 11:18 יָשֵׂם), וַיָּ֫שֶׁב Genesis 20:14 +; sf. יְשִׁבֵנִי II Samuel 15:8 +, וַיְשִׁיבֵם II Chronicles 19:4 + I Samuel 12:8 Vrss We Dr al.; 3 fpl. תָּשֵׁבְנָה Job 20:10, etc.; Imv. ms. הָשֵׁב Genesis 20:7 +, הָשֵׁיב II Kings 8:6, הָשַׁ֑ב Isaiah 42:22, so הָשַׁ֖ב Ezekiel 21:35 (v. Ke and still Toy; Ew Sm Krae Inf. abs. הָשֵׁב), הָשִׁיבָה Judges 11:13 +, etc.; Inf. abs. הָשֵׁב Exodus 23:4 +; cstr. הָשִׁיב Genesis 42:35 +, etc.; Pt. מֵשִׁיב Genesis 20:7 +, etc.;—cause to return, bring back:

c. acc. pers. + אֶל loc. Genesis 24:5 (J; הֶהָשֵׁב אָשִׁיב), Genesis 28:15 (J), Genesis 42:37 (E), Genesis 48:21 (E), +; especially from exile I Kings 8:34 = II Chronicles 6:25; Jeremiah 27:22 + 5 times Je; + אֶל pers. I Kings 22:26 = II Chronicles 18:25; + עַל loc. Jeremiah 16:15; Jeremiah 23:3; Jeremiah 24:6; + ל loc. Jeremiah 12:15; + acc. loc. II Samuel 15:8 (read הָשֵׁב יְשִׁבֵנִי Vrss Th We Dr al.), Deuteronomy 28:68; Ezekiel 29:14; Ezekiel 47:6; II Chronicles 33:13, etc.; + מִן loc. Jeremiah 41:16; Zechariah 10:10, מֵאֵת pers. Jeremiah 41:16, מִן inf. II Chronicles 25:13; acc. pers. only Judges 19:3; I Kings 13:20, I Kings 13:23 +; bring back into bondage, etc., Jeremiah 34:11, Jeremiah 34:16; = allow to return Jeremiah 15:19; acc. pers. + rei (= recover, recapture), Jeremiah 28:6 (+ אֶל loc., מִן loc.); = recover, rescue, Genesis 14:16 (acc. pers. + rei), Psalms 35:17 (acc. נַפְשִׁי, מִן rei); acc. rei + אֶל pers. Genesis 44:8 (J), + עַל pers. Exodus 15:9 (song), Proverbs 20:26; + אֶל loc. I Kings 14:28 = II Chronicles 12:11; Jeremiah 28:3; II Chronicles 24:11; acc. of hand, אֶל־פֶּה I Samuel 14:27; Proverbs 19:24 Proverbs 26:15; especially of י׳’s hand, in judgment, sq. עַל Amos 1:8; Isaiah 1:25; Zechariah 13:7 Psalms 81:15, also of man’s hand Jeremiah 6:9; Ezekiel 38:12; + acc. loc. II Samuel 15:25, II Samuel 15:29; + שָׁם Nehemiah 13:9; acc. rei alone Genesis 43:12, Genesis 43:21 (both בְּיֶדְכֶם), Genesis 14:16 (= recapture), I Samuel 6:21; I Samuel 30:19; I Kings 13:29 (corpse), Leviticus 26:26 (H); c. acc. animal. I Samuel 6:7 (מֵאַחֲרֵי), Ezekiel 34:4, Ezekiel 34:16 (fig.); shadow on dial II Kings 20:11 = Isaiah 38:8.—Job 39:12 v. Qal 3 b.

put back: acc. rei, stone, עַל־פִּי הַבְּאֵר Genesis 29:3 (J), veil עַל־פָּנָיו Exodus 34:35 (P), Dagon לִמְקוֹמוֹ I Samuel 5:3, rod לִפְנֵי הָעֵדוּת Numbers 17:25 (P), sword, + אֶל of sheath, I Chronicles 21:27; Ezekiel 21:35 (acc. om.); hand אֶל־חֵיק Exodus 4:7^(×2) (J; opp. הוֹצִיא).

= draw back, hand Genesis 38:29 (J), I Kings 13:4 (opp. שָׁלַח; + אֶל reflex.), Joshua 8:26 (E; opp. נטה), so fig., י׳ subj. Lamentations 2:3 (מִפְּנֵי, אָחוֹר), Psalms 74:11; c. מִן = refrain from Lamentations 2:8; Exodus 18:8, Exodus 18:17 (i.e. from oppressing), Exodus 20:19 (מִן om.); foot, c. מִן Isaiah 58:13 (fig.); draw in breath Job 9:18.

= give back, restore, acc. pers. vel rei: + ל pers. Genesis 20:14 (E), v Genesis 20:7 (E; acc. om.), Exodus 23:4 (E; הָשֵׁב תָּשִׁיב), Deuteronomy 22:1 (id.; both acc. animal.), Deuteronomy 24:13 (id.), Exodus 22:25 (E), Judges 17:3^(×2), Judges 17:4; I Samuel 12:3; II Samuel 9:7; Deuteronomy 22:2 (P), Nehemiah 5:11, so II Samuel 16:3; I Kings 12:21 = II Chronicles 11:1 (all acc. of kingdom), c. acc. צְדָקָה Job 33:26; + אֶל pers. Genesis 37:22 (E; acc. pers.); + אֶל loc. Genesis 42:25 (E); acc. rei only, II Kings 8:6; Ezekiel 18:7 (read Inf. abs. שׁוֹב for חוֹב, Co Toy Krae), Ezekiel 18:12; Ezekiel 33:15; Leviticus 5:23 (P), Numbers 5:7 (P; + בְּרֹאשׁוֹ = in full), Psalms 69:5 (opp. גָּזַל), so of land (or city) Judges 11:13; I Kings 20:34; Nehemiah 5:12, cf. II Kings 14:28 (+ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל), II Kings 16:6 (+ לַאֲרָם); = win back II Kings 13:25; II Kings 14:22 (+ ל terr.) = II Chronicles 26:2, boundary (i.e. re-establish it) II Kings 14:25; restore ruined city Daniel 9:25 (+ לִבְנוֹת), conquered nation Psalms 80:4, Psalms 80:8, Psalms 80:20; joy, acc. + ל pers. Psalms 51:14.—II Samuel 8:3 v. יָד 2.—Acc. pers. only, Genesis 20:7 (E), Isaiah 42:22; restore to office, acc. pers. + עַל Genesis 40:13, Genesis 40:21 (E), אֶל loc. II Samuel 19:12, acc. pers. only, II Samuel 19:11, II Samuel 19:13, II Samuel 19:44, cf. Isaiah 1:26; = pay back money, Leviticus 25:27 (ל pers.), v Leviticus 25:51, Leviticus 25:52.

= relinquish, c. acc. rei, Job 20:10.

= give in payment, requital, c. acc. rei + appos. I Samuel 6:8 (ל pers.), v I Samuel 6:17 (id.; cf. טְחוֹר); also pay as tribute (in answer to demand), acc. rei II Kings 17:3 Psalms 72:10, + ל pers. II Kings 3:4; II Chronicles 27:5; give in exchange Ezekiel 27:15.

bring one back (from dead) II Samuel 12:23, so c. מִנִּי Job 33:30; on other hand, אֶל־עָפָר Job 10:9 = מָוֶת (acc.) Job 30:23, cf. עַד־דַּכָּא Psalms 90:3.

bring back heart, לֵב, עַל pers. Malachi 3:24; הֲשִׁיבֵנוּ י׳ אֵלֶיךָ Lamentations 5:21 (< Bu restore, del. אליך); הֵשִׁיב אֶל־י׳ Nehemiah 9:26 (cf. v Nehemiah 9:29), II Chronicles 19:4; II Chronicles 24:19, also (מִן of evil) Jeremiah 23:22, abs. Jeremiah 31:18.

acc. נֶפֶשׁ = refresh Lamentations 1:11, Lamentations 1:16, Lamentations 1:19 Psalms 19:8 Proverbs 25:13; Ruth 4:15.

bring back words of people, אֶל־י׳ Exodus 19:8 (E); then, in gen., bring back word, דָּבָר, report to, + acc. pers. Genesis 37:14; Numbers 13:26; Numbers 22:8 (all E), Deuteronomy 1:22, Deuteronomy 1:25; Joshua 14:7 (R^D), Joshua 22:32 (P), + 8 times; = answer I Samuel 17:30; II Samuel 3:11; I Kings 12:6 = II Chronicles 10:6 + 6 times, + (acc. מִלִּין) Job 35:4; also (דָּבָר om.) Job 13:22; Job 20:2; Job 33:5, Job 33:32; II Chronicles 10:16; Nehemiah 6:4 (כַּדָּבָר הַזֶּה); acc. אֲמָרִים + ל pers. Judges 5:29; Proverbs 22:21; later c. ל pers. alone I Samuel 12:3; c. cl. orat. recta, אֶל pers. Esther 4:13, Esther 4:15; similar phrases, Ezekiel 9:11; Proverbs 18:13; Proverbs 24:26; Proverbs 26:16; Habakkuk 2:1; Job 31:14; Job 32:14 (Gi v Job 32:15), Job 40:4.

bring back (in retribution), cf. Qal 7 f) upon, subj. often י׳, acc. of evil, Judges 9:56, בְּרֹאשׁ Judges 9:57; I Samuel 25:39; I Kings 2:44; Joel 4:4, Joel 4:7, עַל־רֹאשׁ I Kings 2:32, אֶל־רֹאשׁ Nehemiah 3:36; ל pers. Genesis 50:15 (E), I Samuel 6:3 (הָשֵׁב תָּשִׁיבוּ), v I Samuel 6:4 I Samuel 25:21 (return evil for good), +, etc.; abs. = make requital, ל pers. II Chronicles 6:23 + (כ comp.) Hosea 12:3; Proverbs 24:12, Proverbs 24:29; †c. acc. of good, ל pers. I Samuel 26:23; II Samuel 16:12; Zechariah 9:12; c. כ comp. + ל pers. Psalms 18:21, Psalms 18:25 = II Samuel 22:21, II Samuel 22:25, and (כ comp. only) II Chronicles 32:25; requite י׳’s benefits, acc. rei + לי׳ Psalms 116:12, cf. Numbers 18:9 (P).

pay as recompense, כֶּסֶף יָשׁ׳ לִבְעָלָיו Exodus 21:34 (E); so (fig.) of י׳, הֵשׁ׳ נָקָם לְ Deuteronomy 32:41, Deuteronomy 32:43, לְהָשׁ׳ בְּחֵמָה אַפּוֹ Isaiah 66:15.

turn back, backward = repel, defeat, c. אֶת־פְּנֵי II Kings 18:24 = Isaiah 36:9, acc. מִלְחָמָה Isaiah 28:6, acc. of sword Psalms 89:44, acc. pers. + אָחוֹר Psalms 44:11 (+ מִנִּי pers.), Isaiah 44:25 (fig., = refute, confute), fig. of calamity Lamentations 1:13; = repulse, hinder Jeremiah 2:24, especially acc. Isaiah 14:27 (יַד־י׳), cf. Isaiah 43:13, Job 9:12; Job 11:10; Job 23:13; = reject, refuse, (אֶת־)פְּנֵי פ׳ I Kings 2:16, I Kings 2:17, I Kings 2:20^(×2) II Chronicles 6:42 Psalms 132:10.

turn away face, fig., + מֵעַל rei Ezekiel 14:6; acc. pers. + מִן rei Malachi 2:6; anger of י׳ (acc.) + מֵעַל pers. Numbers 25:11 (P), Proverbs 24:18, מִן pers. Jeremiah 18:20 Ezra 10:14; acc. only, Job 9:13 Psalms 78:38; Psalms 106:23; acc. of human anger Proverbs 15:1; Proverbs 29:8.

late, turn toward, acc. face, ל loc. Daniel 11:18, Daniel 11:19, acc. foot, אֶל rei Psalms 119:59 (fig.).

turn against, אֶל־אֵל, c. acc. רוּחֶ֑ךָ Job 15:13.

לֵב, הֵשׁ׳ אֶל־לֵבָב bring back to mind, take into consideration, c. acc. Lamentations 3:21, sq. cl. with כִּ׳ Deuteronomy 4:39 (cf. Dr), obj. om. Deuteronomy 30:1; I Kings 8:47 = II Chronicles 6:37, Isaiah 44:19, + (עַל) Isaiah 46:8.

הֵשִׁיב אֶת־שְׁבוּת פ׳ Jeremiah 32:44; Jeremiah 33:7, Jeremiah 33:11; Jeremiah 49:6; Lamentations 2:14; Ezekiel 39:25 + (Qr Hiph., Kt Qal) Jeremiah 33:26; Jeremiah 49:39; Joel 4:1 (v. Qal 9).

Hiph. declar., הָשׁ׳ מֵעַל Ezekiel 14:6 = shew a turning away from your idols (i.e. turn away), cf. (מִן) Ezekiel 18:30, abs. הָשׁ׳ וִחְיוּ v Ezekiel 18:32; of י׳, השׁ׳ מֵחֲרוֹן אַפֶּ֑ךָ Psalms 85:4 (but read prob. הֲשִׁיבוֹתָה חֲרוֹן א׳ [6 a supra]); perhaps in physical sense Jonah 1:13 (אֶל loc.; We Now sc. אֳנִיָּה, etc.).

reverse, revoke, acc. (sf.) rei, i.e. judgment, Amos 1:3, Amos 1:6, Amos 1:9, Amos 1:11, Amos 1:13; Amos 2:1, Amos 2:4, Amos 2:6; blessing Numbers 23:20 (poem in E), edict Esther 8:5, Esther 8:8.

Pf. 3 ms. הוּשֵׁב Genesis 42:28 my money has been returned! cf. Pt. הַכֶּסֶף הַמּוּשָׁב Genesis 43:12 (both J); הַמּ׳ לי׳ Numbers 5:8 (P) the אָשָׁם which is restored to י׳; pl. מוּשָׁבִים Jeremiah 27:16 the vessels are about to be brought back, c. מִן loc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיּוּשַׁב אֶת־מֹשֶׁה Exodus 10:8 (J; cf. Ges^{§ 121 a, b}) Moses was brought back, c. אֶל pers.

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שׁוֹבָב

adj. backturning, recusant, apostate (perhaps for מְשׁוֹבָב, Pt. Pōʿl. Ol^{§ 251 b} Ges^{§ 52 s} Kö^{i. 454});—שׁ׳ Isaiah 57:17; pl. שׁוּבוּ בָּנִים שׁוֹבָבִים Jeremiah 3:14, Jeremiah 3:22.—שׁובבים Jeremiah 50:6 Kt < Qr שׁוֹבְבוּם 𝔊 Comm., cf. √ Pōʿl.

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שׁוֹבָב²

n.pr.m. Σωβαβ, etc.:

son of David II Samuel 5:14 = I Chronicles 14:4; I Chronicles 3:5.

son of Caleb I Chronicles 2:18.

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שׁוּבָאֵל

v. שְׁבוּאֵל (cf. Sab. n.pr. תֿובאל Os^{ZMG xix (1865), 198 n.} Hal ⁴⁸⁵ DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 16}).

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שׁוֹבַךְ

n.pr.m. Aramaean general, II Samuel 10:16, II Samuel 10:18 (Σωβακ, 𝔊L Σαβεε), = שׁוֹפַךְ I Chronicles 19:16, I Chronicles 19:18 (Σωφαρ, Σαφαθ; A Σωφαχ, Σωβαχ, 𝔊L Σωφακ).

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שׁוֹבָל²

n.pr. v. שׁבל.

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שׁוֹבָק

n.pr. v. שׁבק.

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שָׁוָה

vb. (be even, smooth, v. Pi., hence) agree with, be like, resemble (Arabic سوى ii. make even, flat, uniform (with something else); Aramaic שְׁוָא (der. spec.) be like, ܫܘܳܐ be equal, fit, like, Pa. lay out smoothly, Aph. make plain, fit, worthy);—

Pf. 3 ms. לֹא שׁ׳ לִי Job 33:27 (si vera l.) it was not equalled to me, i.e. (v. infra; according to most) not requited (so De Di Da, and Isaiah 16:6 𝔗); Bu אֵל לֹא שִׁוָּה God did not requite (or שִׁלֵּם for שׁוה); Du לֹא שִׁוָּה כַעֲוֹנִי (cf. 𝔊); Impf. 1 s. of י׳, אֶל־מִי … אֶשְׁוֶה Isaiah 40:25 to whom shall I be like? (‖ תְּדַמְּיוּנִי), implying that he is incomp.; 3 mpl. לֹא יִשְׁווּ־בָהּ Proverbs 3:15 are not comparable with her (wisdom), so Proverbs 8:11; 2 ms. פֶּן־תִּשְׁוֶה־לוֹ Proverbs 26:4 lest thou be like him (a fool); Pt. שֹׁוֶה בְּ Esther 7:4 is not an equivalent for; c. לְ, suitable for Esther 3:8, so Esther 1:22 Hi Or Ry^Kau (reading כֹּל שֹׁוֶה עִמּוֹ for כִּלְשׁוֹן עַמּוֹ, but v. Siegf.); adequate for Esther 5:13.

Pf. 3 ms. שִׁוָּה Isaiah 28:25 he hath levelled its (the ground’s) surface; 1 s. שִׁוִּיתִי וְדוֹמַמְתִּי נַפְשִׁי Psalms 131:2 I have smoothed (composed) and stilled my soul; so, sc. נַפְשִׁי Isaiah 38:13 𝔙 Ges De al., Houb Lo Che Du al. read שִׁוַּעְתִּי I cried; acc. מִשְׁפָּטִים Psalms 119:30 accounted suitable, meet (‖ דֶּרֶךְ אֱמוּנָה בָּחָ֑רְתִּי), Hi, cf. Gr v Psalms 119:128 (v. Qal Esther 3:8); We ins. לְנֶגְדִּי (II. שׁ׳, cf. Psalms 16:8); Zenner Du אִוִּיתִי.

make like: Impf. 1 s. מָה אַשְׁוֶה־לָךְ Lamentations 2:13 (‖ אֲדַמֶּה); 2 mpl. לְמִי תְדַמְּיוּנִי וְתַשְׁווּ Isaiah 46:5 (cf. Qal Isaiah 40:25).

(appar.) Pf. 3 fs. נִשְׁתָּ֑וָה (for נִשְׁתְּוָה) Proverbs 27:15 are alike, but read prob. Niph. 3 fs. נִשְׁוָ֑תָה Ges^{§ 75 x} Toy al.—תשׁוה Job 30:22 Kt v. II. שׁוא.

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שָׁוֵה

n.[m.] level plain;—in שָׁוֵה קִרְיָתַיִם Genesis 14:5 (v. ק׳ p. 900a; ק׳ appos. according to Ol^{§ 277 c} Lag^{BN 43}; ? read שְׁוֵה); Σαυη.

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שָׁוֵה²

in n.pr.loc. עֵמֶק שׁ׳ Genesis 14:17 (v. ע׳); Σαυη.

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שָׁוָה²

vb.

set, place (Biblical Aramaic Hithpa. 𝔗 שְׁוָא Pa. set, make (often 𝔗 = שׂום, שׁית); Thes al. sub I. שׁ׳, orig. set, place, then set together, compare, < weakened from orig. make even, right, cf. Vulg. Ar. سَوَى ii. make (Wahrm, cf. also Ba^{ES 66}));—Pf. 1 s. שִׁוִּיתִי Psalms 16:8 I have set י׳ before me (לְנֶגְדִּי); שׁ׳ עֵזֶר עַל Psalms 89:20 I have placed strength upon a hero, cf. Psalms 21:6; Pt. מְשַׁוֶּה רַגְלַי כְּ II Samuel 22:34 setting my feet like hinds = Psalms 18:34 (cf. 𝔗 שַׁזִּי כְּ Genesis 48:20 Jeremiah 29:22, for שׂים כְּ);—Isaiah 38:13 v. I. שׁוה;—Impf. = make, produce, 3 ms. פְּרִי יְשַׁוֶּה לוֹ Hosea 10:1 (Israel as vine), si vera l., v. We Now (‖ עשׂה פְּרִי Hosea 9:16, cf. Hosea 8:7).

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שׁוּחַ

vb. sink down (Buhl disting. this as II. שׁ׳ (Arabic وَاخَ (و) sink down, MI ^{9. 23} אשוח prob. depression, excavation, reservoir, so אשיח Ecclus Ben Sira 50:3), and hence שָׁ֫חָה Proverbs 2:18, si vera l., and foll. deriv., from I. שׁ׳ melt away (Arabic ساح (ى) flow and spread, melt away, Ethiopic ሴሐ: I. 2 cause to dwindle, ሲሕ: phthisis, Aramaic שׁוּחַ, ܫܳܚ flow or melt away, vanish), whence Lamentations 3:20 Psalms 44:26; but insuff. evidence for I. שׁ׳ in Heb.);—sink down,

Pf. 3 fs. שָׁ֫חָה לֶעָפָר נַפְשֵׁנוּ Psalms 44:26 (‖ דָּֽבְקָה לָאָרֶץ); שׁ׳ אֶל־מָוֶת בֵּיתָהּ Proverbs 2:18 (‖ אֶל־רְפָאִים; but ב׳ masc., read שָׁחָה, √ שׁחה, Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 82}, so Toy); Impf. 3 fs. תָּשׁוּחַ עָלַי נַפְשִׁי Lamentations 3:26 Qr,

declar. תָּשִׁיחַ Kt, of depression of mind.—Psalms 49:15 Gr reads שָׁחוּ for MT שַׁתּוּ but v. שׁתת.—

Psalms 42, Psalms 43 v. שׁחח.

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שׁוּחָה

n.f. pit;—abs. שׁ׳ Jeremiah 2:6 land of steppe and pits (coll.); fig., כָּרָה שׁ׳ לִי Jeremiah 18:20, so v Jeremiah 18:22 (Qr); עֲמֻקָּה Proverbs 23:27 deep pit (in fig. of harlot), cf. Proverbs 22:14.

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שִׁיחָה

n.f.id.;—כרה שׁ׳ Jeremiah 18:22 Kt (Qr שׁוּחָה), Psalms 57:7; pl. כ׳ שִׁיחוֹת Psalms 119:85.

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שַׁ֫חַת

n.f. pit;—abs. שׁ׳ Psalms 7:16 +; שָׁ֑חַת Psalms 16:10 +; cstr. שַׁ֫חַת Isaiah 38:17 Psalms 35:7; sf. שַׁחְתָּם Ezekiel 19:4, Ezekiel 19:8 (+ שַׁחְתֹּה Psalms 35:8 We);—

pit, for catching lion (in fig.) Ezekiel 19:4, Ezekiel 19:8; fig. פעל שׁ׳ Psalms 7:16; c. עשׂה Psalms 9:16; c. חפר Psalms 35:7 (transp. שׁ׳ to v b); c. כרה Psalms 94:13 Proverbs 26:27; + Psalms 35:8 𝔖 We (for שׁוֹאָה); טָבַל בּשׁ׳ Job 9:31.

pit of Sh^e’ôl, ירד שׁ׳ Job 33:24; ראה (ה)שׁ׳ Psalms 16:10 (‖ שְׁאוֹל), Psalms 49:10; לשׁ׳, c. הוֹרִיד Ezekiel 28:8, and Psalms 55:24 (לִבְאֵר שׁ׳); קָרֵב Job 33:22; יָמוּת Isaiah 51:14; עָבַר בַּשּׁ׳ Job 33:28; יָרַד אֶל־שׁ׳ Psalms 30:10; מִשּׁ׳, c. חשׁק Isaiah 38:17 (poem), c. חְשׂךְ Job 33:18 (מִנִּי־); c. העלה Jonah 2:7; c. הֵשִׁיב Job 33:30 (מִנִּי־); c. גאל Psalms 103:4; personif. Job 17:14 (‖ רִמָּה).—שׁ׳ here either = שְׁאוֹל (hollow place, cavern), or < = pit in שְׁאוֹל (cf., from Ezek. on, בּוֹר 5; also אֲבַדּוֹן, p. 2, and עִמְקֵי שְׁאוֹל Proverbs 9:18. This distinction of two parts of שְׁאוֹל became important in Jewish and Christian theology).

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שׁוּחַ²

n.pr.m. son of Abr. and Ḳeturah, Genesis 25:2 I Chronicles 1:32; Σωυε, Σωε, Σουε.—In Assyrian Šuḫi is named as Aramaean land on Euphr. (left bank Tiele^{Gesch. 153} < right bank, cf. especially Schr^{KG 142 f.}; it had, however, dependencies on left bank) by TP I. (KB ^{i. 33}), Ašurnaṣirp. (id. ^{ib. 99, 101}).

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שׁוּחָה²

n.pr. ‘son’ of חוּר, I Chronicles 4:11 (Ασχα, Σουα), = חוּשָׁה v I Chronicles 4:4 (Ωσαν, Ουσα), v. ח׳.

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שׁוּט

vb. go or rove about (NH Aramaic שׁוּט rove, row (Jonah 1:13), swim (Isaiah 25:11), stroke, besmear; v. also שׁוֹט);—

go or rove about: Pf. 3 pl., abs. שָׁטוּ הָעָם Numbers 11:8 (J; gathering manna), so, c. ב loc., Impf. 3 mpl. וַיָּשֻׁטוּ II Samuel 24:8, Imv. ms. שׁוּט־נָא v II Samuel 24:2, Inf. cstr. שׁוּט Job 1:7, שֻׁט Job 2:2 (both ‖ הִתְהַלֵּךְ), perhaps also Genesis 24:63 (לָשׁוּט for לָשׂוּחַ, so 𝔖 Thes ¹³²² cf. Di Gunk Dr); Jeremiah 8:6 Du reads שָׁט for שָׁב.—Pt. שָׁטִים v. שׁוּט denom. infr. Pōʿl. go eagerly, quickly, to and fro: Impf. 3 ms. יְשׁוֹטְטוּ לְבַקֵּשׁ Amos 8:12 (‖ וְנָעוּ); abs. יְשֹׁטְטוּ Daniel 12:4; c. ב loc., Imv. mpl. שׁוֹטְטוּ Jeremiah 5:1, Pt. pl. מְשׁוֹטְטִים Zechariah 4:10, מְשֹׁטְטוֹת II Chronicles 16:9 (both of עֵינֵי י׳). Hithpōʿl. Imv. fpl., ב loc., הִתְשׁוֹטַטְנָה Jeremiah 49:3 run to and fro.

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שׁוֹט

n.m. ^{Isaiah 28:15} scourge, whip (NH id., so Arabic سَوْطٌ, سَاطَ (و) mix, stir about and beat; Ethiopic ሰውጥ: Aramaic שׁוֹטָא, ܫܰܘܛܳܐ; from foregoing? cf. Germ. streifen; or onomat., cf. swish, switch?);—שׁ׳ abs. Isaiah 10:26 +, cstr. Job 5:21; pl. שׁוֹטִים I Kings 12:11 +;—

scourge, for chastisement, I Kings 12:11, I Kings 12:14 = II Chronicles 10:11, II Chronicles 10:12 (all c. vb. יִסַּר); fig. of national scourge (wielded by י׳) Isaiah 10:26; Isaiah 28:15 (Qr; > Kt שׁיט), v Isaiah 28:18 (both שׁ׳ שׁוֹטֵף, v. שׁטף), calamity Job 9:23; lash of (accusing) tongue Job 5:21 (read מִשּׁ׳ as 𝔊).

whip, for horse, קוֹל שׁ׳ Nahum 3:2 i.e. crack of whip, שׁ׳ לַסּוּס Proverbs 26:3 (‖ שֵׁבֶט לְגֵו כְּסִילִים).

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שַׁ֫יִט

n.[m.] rowing (as whipping, lashing the water);—only אֳנִי־שׁ׳ Isaiah 33:21 rowing vessel;—Isaiah 28:15 Kt v. שׁוֹט.

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שׁוּט²

vb.denom. row;—Pt. pl. שָׁטִים rowers Ezekiel 27:8, Ezekiel 27:26 (of Tyre as ship).

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שׁוּט³

vb. treat with despite, only Ezek. (Aramaic שׁוּט, ܫܳܛ despise; cf. perhaps Assyrian šâṭu, rebel, Meissn);—only

Pt., c. acc. pers.: mpl. (subst.) הַשָּׁאטִים אוֹתָם Ezekiel 28:24, Ezekiel 28:26 (Kö^{ii. 1, 108, 346} Ges^{§ 72 p}); fpl. בְּנוֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּים הַשָּׁאטוֹת אוֹתָךְ Ezekiel 16:57 (Kö^{ib. 189}).

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שׁוֹלָל

v. שׁלל.

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שׁוּנִי

n.pr.m. in Gad, Genesis 46:16 Numbers 26:15; Σαυν(ε)ις, Σουνει, Σωυνι.

adj.gent. of 1, c. art. = n. coll. Numbers 26:15.

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שׁוּנֵם

n.pr.loc. in Issachar;—Joshua 19:18 (P), I Samuel 28:4 II Kings 4:8; Σουναν[μ], Σωμαν, Σουμαν, 𝔊L Jos Συνημ; in Egyptian Ša-n-m-â, Ša-na-mḁ WMM^{As. u. Eur. 170}; mod. Sûlem, N. of Zerʿîn (Jezreel), Buhl^{G. 217}, cf. GASm^{G 400 ff.}.

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שָׁוַע

vb.

cry out for help (Gerb ³³ thinks denom. from שַׁוְעָה, and this from √ akin to ישׁע deliver);—Pf. 1 s. שִׁוַּעְתִּי Psalms 30:3 + 3 times; Impf. 3 fs. תְּשַׁוֵּ֑עַ Job 24:12; 2 ms. תְּשַׁוַּע Isaiah 58:9, etc.; Inf. cstr. sf. שַׁוְּעִי Psalms 28:2; Psalms 31:23; שַׁוְעִי Psalms 5:3 (Ol^{§ 182 d}), etc.; Pt. מְשַׁוֵּ֑עַ Psalms 72:12 Job 29:12;—cry for help: abs. Psalms 72:12 Job 19:7; Job 24:12; Job 29:12; Job 30:28; Job 35:9, + Isaiah 38:13 Houb Lo Che Du al. (for שִׁוִּיתִי); specif. to God Psalms 5:3; Psalms 18:42; Psalms 119:147; Job 36:13; Isaiah 58:9; Jonah 2:3; Habakkuk 1:2; Lamentations 3:8; c. אל Psalms 18:7; Psalms 22:25; Psalms 28:2 = Psalms 31:23, Psalms 30:3; Psalms 88:14 + v Psalms 88:2 (read with Weir אֱלֹהַי שִׁוַּעְתִּי יוֹם צַעֲקָתִי), Job 30:20; Job 38:41.

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שׁוּעַ³

[שֵׁוַע?] n.m. cry for help; לָהֶן שׁ׳ Job 30:24 (Bi Di Bu Du לֹא יְשַׁוֵּ֑עַ); שׁוּעֲךָ Job 36:19 (Bu Buhl שַׁוְעֲךָ, Du שִׂיחֲךָ).—i. שׁוּעַ v. p. 447b.

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שׁוֹעַ²

n.[m.] cry, perhaps war-cry, or cry for help in war Isaiah 22:5.—i. שׁוֹעַ v. ישׁע.

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שׁוֹעַ³

i. ii. שׁוּעַ, שׁוּעָא v. p. 447^b supra.

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שׁוֹעַ⁴

n.pr.gent. Ezekiel 23:23 usually identified with Assyrian Sutû, Sutî, nomads of Mesop. and (later) E. of Tigris, Dl^{Pa 234 ff.} COT^{ad loc.} Wkl^{KAT.3. 22} Dr^{Hast.DB Koa}.

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שׁוֹפַךְ

v. שׁוֹבַךְ.

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שׁוֹק

n.[f. Leviticus 7:33 cf. Albr^{ZAW xvl (1896), 76 f.}, so Arabic, v. Lane W^{AG, § 290 (δ)}] leg;—שׁ׳ abs. I Samuel 9:24 +, cstr. Exodus 29:27 +; du. שֹׁקַיִם Deuteronomy 28:35; Proverbs 26:7, cstr. שׁוֹקֵי Psalms 147:10, sf. שׁוֹקָיו Song of Songs 5:15;—leg:

of man, specif. lower leg, calf, disting. from thigh, in וַיַּךְ אוֹתָם שׁ׳ עַל־יָרֵךְ Judges 15:8 he smote them, leg upon thigh, i.e. utterly (cf. GFM), Deuteronomy 28:35 (‖ בִּרְכַּיִם), Proverbs 26:7 Psalms 147:10; Song of Songs 5:15; of woman (city personif.) Isaiah 47:2.

of sacrificial animal, specif. upper leg, thigh, hind leg, portion eaten I Samuel 9:24 (cf. Klein^{ZPV vl (1883), 98}, cited also by Nes^{Marg. 13}), שׁ׳ הַיָּמִין right thigh Exodus 29:32 + 6 times P (v. יָמִין), שׁ׳ הַתְּרוּמָה Leviticus 7:34 + 4 times P, thigh of contribution (v. ת׳ p. 929).—𝔊 βραχίων, 𝔙 armus, hence AV al. shoulder, but v. Di Baen Dr Deuteronomy 18:3.

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שׁוּר

vb. perhaps travel, journey (Assyrian šâru, pass along, take one’s way, Arabic سَارَ (ى) go, pass along, journey, سَيَّارَةٌ caravan, Palm. שירתא Lzb ³⁷⁵ SAC¹¹³ Cooke²⁷¹, Syriac ܫܝܳܪܬܳܐ (? Arabic loan-wd., Frä ¹⁸⁰));—

Impf. 2 fs. וַתָּשֻׁרִי לַמֶּלֶךְ בַּשֶּׁמֶן Isaiah 57:9 and thou (the apostate faction) didst journey to (the god) Melek with (thine) oil, i.e. bring, offer it (Che Marti read וַתָּסֻכִי). Pt. fpl. שָׁרוֹתַיִךְ Ezekiel 27:25 ships of Tarshish were thy travellers (i.e. traders), but improbable; Krae שָׁרוֹת לָךְ בְּ journey for thee with thy wares; Toy רֹכְלַיִךְ בְּ; Co שֵֽׁרְתוּךְ served thee.

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שׁוּר²

vb. behold, regard (especially Jb);—

Impf. 3 ms. יָשׁוּר Jeremiah 5:26, sf. יְשׁוּרֶנּוּ Job 34:29, etc.; Imv. ms. שׁוּר Job 35:5;—

behold, c. acc. pers. Numbers 23:9; Numbers 24:17 (poems in JE, ‖ רָאָה), לֹא תְּשׁוּרֵנִי, subj. eye, Job 24:15, and (= I shall not exist) Job 7:8, cf. Job 20:9 (subj. מְקוֹמוֹ), Job 17:15; God object Job 34:29; Job 35:14; look, gaze, abs., מִן loc. Song of Songs 4:8.

regard with watchful care (subj. י׳) Hosea 14:9; so, = notice, Job 35:13; regard, observe, acc. rei, God’s word Job 33:14 (Hi De Da al.), so, (reading 2 ms.), Siegf Bu; Du יְשִׁיבֶנָּה he (God) retracts it not.

watch stealthily, lie in wait, כְּנָמֵר עַל־דֶּרֶךְ אָשׁוּר Hosea 13:7 (subj. י׳; Meinh Marti אֶשְׁקֹד; 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 We Now al. אַשּׁוּר), Jeremiah 5:26 (subj. wicked).—Job 33:27 v. שׁיר.

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שׁוּר³

dub. word, only pl. sf. וַתַּבֵּט עֵינִי בְּשׁוּרָ֑י Psalms 92:12, read בְּשׁוֹרְרָ֑י (Bae al.) v. foll.

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שׁוֹרֵר

n.m. (insidious) watcher, (proposes Pōʿl. Pt., מְ׳ om., Ges^{§ 52 s});—pl. sf. שׁוֹרְרַי Psalms 56:3, שׁוֹרְרָ֑י Psalms 5:9; Psalms 27:11, שֹׁרְרָ֑י Psalms 54:7; Psalms 59:11; Psalms 92:12 v. foregoing.

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שׁוֹר

n.m. Nehemiah 5:18 a head of cattle, bullock, ox, etc. (often + חֲמוֹר, שֶׂה, etc.);—שׁ׳ abs. Isaiah 1:3 +, cstr. Exodus 21:35 +, sf. שׁוֹרוֹ Exodus 20:14 +, etc.; pl. שְׁוָרִים Hosea 12:12;—usually a single head of cattle, without emphasis on sex (opp. בָּקָר coll. Exodus 21:37; Numbers 7:3): as property, spoil of war, etc. Exodus 20:14 (E; Gi v Exodus 20:13) = Deuteronomy 5:17, cf. Deuteronomy 5:14; Exodus 21:33 (E) ‖ Deuteronomy 22:4; Exodus 21:37^(×2) (‖ בָּקָר of five head), Exodus 22:3, Exodus 22:8, Exodus 22:9, Exodus 22:29; Exodus 23:12 (all E), Deuteronomy 22:1; Genesis 49:6 (poem in J), Deuteronomy 28:31; Judges 6:4; I Samuel 12:3; Job 24:3; as licking up (לָחַךְ) grass Numbers 22:4 (J), feeding Psalms 106:20 (in ref. to golden calf), cf. Isaiah 7:25; Isaiah 32:20; lowing Job 6:5; as intelligent Isaiah 1:3, vicious (goring נָגַח) Exodus 21:28^(×3) + 11 times Exodus 21 (E); used in ploughing Deuteronomy 22:10, threshing Deuteronomy 25:4, cf. Proverbs 14:4; drawing wagon Numbers 7:3 (P; opp. בָּקָר coll.); פְּנֵי שׁ׳ Ezekiel 1:10; specif. of male †Job 21:10 (opp. פָּרָה), of female †Leviticus 22:28 (H), perhaps also Numbers 18:17 (P), appar. generic Deuteronomy 15:19; Deuteronomy 33:17 (poem, fig.); rarely coll. Genesis 32:6 (+ צֹאן), Exodus 34:19—cf. Leviticus 27:26 (P)—Joshua 6:21; Joshua 7:24 (all J), I Samuel 15:3; I Samuel 22:19; †as slaughtered Proverbs 7:22, for food I Samuel 14:34^(×2) (but v b read (אֶת־)אֲשֶׁר with 𝔊 Th We Dr al.), I Kings 1:19, I Kings 1:25; Deuteronomy 14:4; Leviticus 17:3 (H), cf. Nehemiah 5:18 (שׁ׳ אֶחָר), Proverbs 15:17; for †sacrifice Judges 6:25 (פַּר־הַשּׁ׳, text strange, cf. GFM), Psalms 69:32 (שׁוֹר פָּר, but join פָּר to v b Bae), II Samuel 6:13; Hosea 12:12; Leviticus 9:4, Leviticus 9:18 (P), Leviticus 22:23, Leviticus 22:27 (H), Numbers 15:11 (P), Deuteronomy 17:1; Deuteronomy 18:3, cf. Leviticus 7:23; Leviticus 9:19; מִשּׁוֹר זֶבַח Leviticus 4:10 (P); illicit sacrifice Isaiah 66:3.

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שׁוּר⁴

n.[m.] wall (Aramaic שׁוּרָא, ܫܽܘܪܳܐ );—Genesis 49:22 (poem in J), II Samuel 22:30 = Psalms 18:30; pl. sf. שׁוּרֹתָם Job 24:11 their walls De Di De, cf. Bu; but v. שׁוּרָה infra; שָׁרוֹתֶיהָ Jeremiah 5:10 = its walls, according to Vrss AV RV Gf Gie, read then שֻׁ׳, but v. id.

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שׁוּר⁵

n.pr.loc. SW. of Palestine, on E. border of Egypt;—Genesis 16:7 (J; דֶּרֶךְ שׁ׳), Genesis 20:1 (E), towards Egypt Genesis 25:18 (J), I Samuel 15:7, שׁ֫וּרָה I Samuel 27:8; מִדְבַּר־שׁ׳ Exodus 15:22 (J).—Often supposed to denote properly the ‘wall’ or line of fortresses, built by Egyptian Kings across isthmus of Suez; but dub.: cf. Dr^{Hast.DB Shur}.

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שׁוּרָה

n.f. prob. row of olives or vines (so Du Buhl al.; cf. NH שׁוּרָה, JAram. שׁוּרְתָא row, whence mod. Arabic شورة as loan-word, cf. Vogelst^{Landwirthschaft 41 f.});—pl. sf. שׁוּרֹתָם Job 24:11 (al. ii. שׁוּר); Bu and Du del. sf.; here also Jeremiah 5:10 (reading שֻׁ׳) Du Buhl Dr, her (vine-)rows, but v. ii. שׁוּר.

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שׁוּשַׁן

n.m. שׁוֹשַׁנָּה n.f. usually lily, prob. any lily-like flower (Tristr^{NHB 462 ff.} Post^{Hast. DB Lily} Löw^{No. 323}; NH שׁוֹשַׁנָּה, Arabic سَوْسَنٌ (Vulg. سُوسَنٌ), especially iris, Aramaic שׁוּשַׁנְתָּא, ܫܽܘܫܰܢܬܳܐ (PS ⁴³⁴⁴), Gk. σοῦσον Lewy^{Fremdw. 48}; orig. loan-word from Egyptian sššn, šôšĕn, Erman^{ZMG xlvi (1892), 117});—lily: in sim., יִפְרַח כַּשּׁוֹשַׁנָּה Hosea 14:6 (of Isr.), כְּשׁוֹ׳ בֵּין הַחוֹחִים Song of Songs 2:2 (sim. of bride), so cstr. שׁוֹשַׁנַּת הָעֲמָקִים v Song of Songs 2:1 (cf. חֲבַצֶּלֶת); pl. שׁוֹשַׁנִּים Song of Songs 2:16; Song of Songs 4:5; Song of Songs 6:2, Song of Songs 6:3; Song of Songs 7:3 and (fig. of lover’s lips) Song of Songs 5:13; of flower-shaped capitals of pillars, מַעֲשֵׂה שׁוּשַׁן I Kings 7:19, מ׳ שׁוֹשָׁ֑ן v I Kings 7:22; cf. פֶּרַח שׁוֹשָׁ֑ן of brim of molten sea v I Kings 7:26, ‖ פ׳ שׁוֹשַׁנָּה II Chronicles 4:5; elsewhere only ψ-titles: עַל־שֹׁשַׁנִּים Psalms 45:1; Psalms 69:1, עַל־שׁוּשַׁן עֵדוּת Psalms 60:1, אֶל־שֹׁשַׁנִּים עֵדוּת Psalms 80:1; meaning not clear, v. Bae et Comm. al.; yet cf. עֵדוּת, sub עוד.

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שׁוּשַׁן²

n.pr.loc. Susa, winter residence of Persian kings; Σουσαν, ἐν Σουσοις (cuneif. Šûšan Dl^{Pa 326} COT Nehemiah 1:1 Billerbeck ^Susa Say^{Hast. DB Shushan});—שׁ׳ הַבִּירָה Nehemiah 1:1 (9th month, כִּסְלֵו), Daniel 8:2 (in Elam), Esther 1:2, Esther 1:5; Esther 2:3, Esther 2:5, Esther 2:8; Esther 3:15; Esther 8:14; Esther 9:6, Esther 9:11, Esther 9:12 (12th month, אֲדָר, v Esther 9:1); הַבּ׳ om., שׁוּשָׁ֑ן Esther 4:8, Esther 4:16 and (month אֲדָר) Esther 9:13, Esther 9:14, Esther 9:15^(×2), Esther 9:18; הָעִיר שׁ׳ Esther 3:15; Esther 8:15.

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שׁוּשַׁק

n.pr.m. I Kings 14:25 Kt, Qr שִׁישַׁק q.v.

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שׁוּתֶ֫לַח

n.pr.m. in Ephraim, Numbers 26:35; I Chronicles 7:21, שׁוּתָ֑לַח v I Chronicles 7:20; Numbers 26:36; Σουταλα, Σωθαλα, etc., 𝔊L Σουθαλα(αμ).

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שֹׁ֫חַד

n.m. present, specif. bribe;—שׁ׳ abs. Isaiah 1:23 + 22 times;—bribe, usually to pervert justice, obj. of לָקַח Exodus 23:8 (E), = Deuteronomy 16:19; Deuteronomy 10:17; I Samuel 8:3; II Chronicles 19:7 Psalms 15:5; Proverbs 17:23; + inf., take bribe to do something, Deuteronomy 27:25; Ezekiel 22:12; אָהַב שׁ׳ Isaiah 1:23; cf. also Isaiah 5:23; Isaiah 33:15 Exodus 23:8 (E) = Deuteronomy 16:19, Micah 3:11 Psalms 26:10; Proverbs 17:8; Proverbs 21:14; אָהֳלֵי־שׁ׳ Job 15:34, i.e. abode of bribe-givers; שׁ׳ Proverbs 6:35 (‖ כֹּפֶר) is hush-money, or (poss.) legal compensation (cf. Toy); שׁ׳ elsewhere (c. שָׁלַח) of bribing king to take sides I Kings 15:19; II Kings 16:8, cf. Isaiah 45:13 (‖ מְחִיר).

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שָׁחָה

vb. bow down (NH id.; J Aram. שְׁחִי (rare); akin to שׁוח, שׁחח);—

Imv. fs. שְׁחִי Isaiah 51:23 bow down.

Impf. 3 ms. sf. יַשְׁחֶ֑נָּה Proverbs 12:25, fig., anxiety depresses it (sc. לֵב; opp. שִׂמֵּחַ). Hithpaʿlēl₁₇₀ (Ges^{§ 75 kk}) Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה Ezekiel 46:2; 2 ms. הִשְׁתַּחֲוִ֫יתָ Deuteronomy 4:19 + 3 times; 1 s. הִשְׁתַּחֲוֵ֫יתִי I Samuel 16:4 + 2 times; 3 mpl. הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ Jeremiah 8:2, etc.; Impf. יִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה II Samuel 15:32 + 3 times; apoc. יִשְׁתַּ֫חוּ Isaiah 44:17 +; 3 mpl. יִשְׁתַּחֲווּ Genesis 49:8 +; 2 fpl. תִּשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֫יןָ Genesis 33:6; Genesis 37:7, etc.; Imv. fs. הִשְׁתַּחֲוִי Psalms 45:12; mpl. הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ Psalms 29:2 +; Inf. cstr. הִשְׁתַּחֲוֹת Genesis 37:10 +; sf. הִשְׁתַּחֲוָיָ֙תִי֙ II Kings 5:18 (but 𝔊 𝔙 and mod. -חֲוֹתוֹ); Pt. מִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה II Kings 19:37, etc.; מִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתֶם Ezekiel 8:16, read -וִים all mod.;—

bow down, prostrate oneself, before a monarch or superior, in homage, etc.:

c. ל, after descriptive cl. (especially with קדד, נפל 3 b, q.v.), I Samuel 24:9; Genesis 43:28 (J) II Samuel 14:4, II Samuel 14:22; Ruth 2:10; I Kings 1:31; II Kings 4:37 + 6 times, + (after כָּרַע) Esther 3:2^(×2), Esther 3:5.

c. ל, sq. phr. (לפני) על אפים ארצה II Samuel 14:33 I Kings 1:23; לאפים Genesis 48:12 (E) II Samuel 18:28; אפים Genesis 42:6 (E) + 4 times; om. אפים Genesis 33:3 (J) + 3 times; עַל כַּפּוֹת רַגְלַיִךְ Isaiah 60:14.

c. לְ pers. only, Genesis 23:7 (P) Genesis 27:29^(×2); Genesis 37:9 (E), Genesis 49:8 Exodus 11:8 (J) + 8 times; c. לפני Genesis 23:12 (P); c. אל Isaiah 45:14 (‖ התפלּל); abs. Genesis 33:6, Genesis 33:7^(×2) (J), Exodus 18:7 (E) II Samuel 9:8; II Samuel 16:4; Isaiah 49:7.

before God, in worship, etc.:

c. לְ, after descriptive phr.: קדד ארצה Exodus 34:8 (J); ארצה om. Genesis 24:26, Genesis 24:48 (J) + 4 times; כרע אפים ארצה II Chronicles 7:3; כרע II Chronicles 29:29; נפל ארצה Job 1:20; נפל לפני II Chronicles 20:18.

sq. phr.: קדד וישׁ׳ ל׳ אפים ארצה Nehemiah 8:6; ארצה ל׳ Genesis 24:52 (J); השׁ׳ ונכרעה Psalms 95:6; השׁ׳ ל׳ בְּהַדְרַת קֹדֶשׁ Psalms 29:2; Psalms 96:9 = I Chronicles 16:29; אֶל־הֵיכָל (looking towards) Psalms 5:8; Psalms 138:2; לַהֲדֹם רגלים Psalms 99:5; Psalms 132:7.

c. לְ only: I Samuel 1:28 (but read וַתַּנִּחֵהוּ 𝔊L and mod.), I Samuel 15:25; Jeremiah 7:2 Psalms 66:4 + 9 times; c. לפני Deuteronomy 26:10; Isaiah 66:23 + 4 times; c. בְ loc. Isaiah 27:13; c. לְ loc. Psalms 99:9; abs. Genesis 22:5 (E) Judges 7:15 + 5 times; acc. loc. Exodus 33:10 (E) Jeremiah 26:2 Ezekiel 46:3; לפני (ה)מזבח Isaiah 36:7 = II Kings 18:22 = II Chronicles 32:12; c. על loc. Genesis 47:31 (J) I Kings 1:47 Ezekiel 46:2; מֵרָחֹק afar off Exodus 24:1 (E).

before angel in theoph.: after cl. c. נפל, קדד, Joshua 5:14; Numbers 22:31; sq. אפים ארצה Genesis 19:1; ארצה Genesis 18:2 (all J).

before other gods: abs. Isaiah 2:20; Isaiah 44:15, Isaiah 44:17; Isaiah 46:6; acc. loc. II Kings 5:18^(×3); II Kings 19:37 = Isaiah 37:38; c. לְ, Exodus 20:5 = Deuteronomy 5:9 (10 words), Exodus 23:24 (E), Numbers 25:2 (J), Joshua 23:7 (D), Deuteronomy 8:19; Deuteronomy 11:16; I Kings 16:31 + 34 times; c. על, Leviticus 26:1 (H); לפני II Chronicles 25:14 (‖ קטּר).

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שָׁחַח

vb. bow, be bowed down, crouch (NH id.; TelAm. šaḫâḫu (Wkl^{TelAm. Vocab.}), prostrate oneself, prob. Canaanism; Assyrian šaḫâḫu is oppress, torment);—

Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְשַׁח Isaiah 2:11, Isaiah 2:17, 1 s. שַׁח֫וֹתִי Psalms 38:7, שַׁחֹ֫תִי Psalms 35:14, 3 pl. שָֽׁתֲחוּ Job 9:13, שַׁחוּ Habakkuk 3:6; Proverbs 14:19; Impf. 3 ms. יָשֹׁחַ Psalms 10:10, 3 mpl. יָשֹׁ֫חוּ Job 38:40, וַיָּשֹׁ֫חוּ Psalms 107:39; Inf. cstr. (= abs., as adv., Ges^{§ 118 q} Kö^{ii. 2, §§ 221, 402 d} cf. also Ba^{NB 164}) שְׁחוֹח Isaiah 60:14;—

be bowed down, prostrated, humbled, by י׳, Isaiah 2:11, Isaiah 2:17 (both ‖ שָׁפֵל), Habakkuk 3:6 (of hills), Job 9:13 (תַּחְתָּו שׁ׳), Psalms 107:39 (+ מָעַט); by man Psalms 10:10.

bow in homage, לִפְנֵי pers. Proverbs 14:19; וְהָֽלְכוּ אֵלַיִךְ שְׁחוֹחַ Isaiah 60:14 (‖ הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ).

bow, of mourner (קֹדֵר), Psalms 35:14; Psalms 38:7.

crouch, of wild beast in lair Job 38:40.

Impf. be prostrated, humbled: וַיִּשַּׁח אָדָם Isaiah 2:9 (‖ שָׁפֵל) = Isaiah 5:15 (‖ id.); be reduced, weakened, יִשַּׁ֫חוּ כָּל־בְּנוֹת הַשִּׁיר Ecclesiastes 12:4; = proceed humbly, of words מֵעָפָר Isaiah 29:4 (‖ שָׁפֵל).

prostrate, lay low, city, walls, etc.; Pf. 3 ms. הֵשַׁח Isaiah 25:12; Isaiah 26:5 (both ‖ הִשְׁפִּיל). Hithpōʿ. be cast down, despairing: Impf. 3 fs. תִּשְׁתּוֹחָ֑ח Psalms 42:7, 2 fs. תִּשְׁתּוֹחֲחִי v Psalms 42:6, Psalms 42:12; Psalms 43:5 (all c. subj. נַפְשִׁי).

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שָׁחַט

vb. slaughter, beat (orig. beat, flay? cf. Assyrian šaḫâṭu, flay, take off dress; Arabic سَحَطَ slay (but ح = ḫ; is this loan-word in Arabic?); NH = BH, especially in ritual);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Jeremiah 39:6 +, sf. וּשְׁחָטוֹ consec. Leviticus 3:2, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁחַט Leviticus 4:24 +, 2 fs. וַתִּשְׁחֲטִי Ezekiel 16:21, 3 mpl. sf. וַיִּשְׁחָט֫וּהוּ Judges 12:6; Imv. mpl. שַׁחֲטוּ Exodus 12:21; II Chronicles 35:6; Inf. abs. שָׁחֹט Isaiah 22:13; cstr. לִשְׁחֹט Genesis 22:10, -וֹט Ezekiel 40:39, sf. שַׁחֲטָם (Ges^{§ 64 a}) Ezekiel 23:39; Pt. act. שׁוֹחֵט Isaiah 66:3, etc.; pass. שָׁחוּט I Kings 10:16 +, etc.;—slaughter:

beast for food I Samuel 14:32, I Samuel 14:34^(×2); Isaiah 22:13 (‖ הָרַג), cf. Leviticus 17:3^(×2), for blood Genesis 37:31 (E).

us. (51 times; Hex chiefly P, 38 times) term. techn. of killing sacrifice (BJacob^{ZAW xvii (1897), 51}), I Samuel 1:25; Exodus 29:11; Exodus 34:25 (J), Leviticus 1:5, Leviticus 1:11; Leviticus 4:24; Leviticus 9:8; Numbers 19:3; II Chronicles 29:22^(×2), II Chronicles 29:24 +; abs. Ezekiel 40:41 (אֶל loc.); bird Leviticus 14:5, Leviticus 14:6, Leviticus 14:50, Leviticus 14:51; beast in illicit sacrifice Isaiah 66:3; c. acc. of sacrifice (עוֹלָה, אָשָׁם, חַטָּאת, etc.) Ezekiel 40:39 (אֶל loc.), v Ezekiel 40:42; Ezekiel 44:11; Leviticus 4:24; Leviticus 7:2; Leviticus 14:13 +; passover lamb †Exodus 12:6, acc. הַפֶּסַח †v Exodus 12:21; II Chronicles 30:15; II Chronicles 35:1, II Chronicles 35:6, II Chronicles 35:11; Ezra 6:20.

slaughter pers. Judges 12:6 I Kings 18:40; II Kings 10:7, II Kings 10:14 (אֶל loc.), II Kings 25:7 = Jeremiah 39:6 = Jeremiah 52:10; Jeremiah 39:6 = Jeremiah 52:10; Jeremiah 41:7; י׳ subj. Numbers 14:16 (JE); in human sacrifice Genesis 22:10 (E), to false gods Ezekiel 16:21; Ezekiel 23:39; Isaiah 57:5.

pt. pass. = beaten, hammered, זָהָב שָׁחוּט I Kings 10:16, I Kings 10:17 = II Chronicles 9:15, II Chronicles 9:16, of shekels II Chronicles 9:15; so also Jeremiah 9:7 Qr חֵץ שָׁחוּט (> Kt שׁוֹחֵט) hammered (i.e. sharpened) arrow.

Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁחֵט Numbers 11:22 (J) be slaughtered for food (subj. beast); 3 fs. תִּשָּׁחֵט Leviticus 6:18^(×2) (P) be slain, of sacrifice.

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שַׁחֲטָה

n.f. (Qal Inf. cstr. Kö^{i. 263}) doubtful word;—וְשׁ׳ שֵׂטִים הֶעְמִיקוּ Hosea 5:2 RV (cf. AV) the revolters are gone deep in slaughtering [‘Opferschlächterei’ Kö^{ii 1. 590, n. 1}], Ew Now (formerly), Che in corrupting (read then שַׁחֲתָה); We Now GASm Marti שַׁחַת הַשִּׁטִּים have made deep the pit of Shiṭṭim (as place of idolatry).

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שְׁחִין

v. שׁחן.

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שָׁחִיס

Isaiah 37:30 = סָחִישׁ (in ‖ II Kings 19:29), q.v.

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שַׁ֫חַל

n.m. lion (poet.);—abs. שׁ׳ Hosea 5:14 +, שָׁ֑חַל Job 4:10 +;—lion, sim. of י׳, toward Israel Hosea 5:14 (‖ כְּפִיר), Hosea 13:7 (‖ נָמֵר); of guilty men Job 4:10 (‖ אַרְיֵה, כְּפִירִים); fig. of foes Psalms 91:13 (‖ כְּפִיר); lion, as hunted Job 10:16 (in sim.); lit. Job 28:8; Proverbs 26:13

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שְׁחִין²

n.m. boil, coll. eruption;—on man II Kings 20:7 = Isaiah 38:21, שׁ׳ רָ֑ע Deuteronomy 28:35; Job 2:7; possibly leprous Leviticus 13:18, Leviticus 13:19, Leviticus 13:20, צָרֶ֫בֶת הַשּׁ׳ Leviticus 13:23 (v. צ׳; all P), in Egypt, on man and beast Exodus 9:9, Exodus 9:10, Exodus 9:11^(×2) (all P), cstr. שְׁחִין מִצְרַיִם Deuteronomy 28:27.

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שַׁ֫חַץ

n.[m.] dignity, pride;—בְנֵי־שָׁ֑חַץ i.e. majestic wild beasts Job 28:8 (‖ שָׁ֑חַל), Job 41:26.

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שָׁחַר

vb. be black (NH שָׁחוֹר and deriv., black, blackness, etc., Ecclus Ben Sira 25:17 Hiph. make black; Aramaic שְׁחַר (Jastr Dalm), Aph. grow black, so ܫܚܰܪ, ܫܘܽܚܳܪܳܐ coal; Jäger^{BAS ii. 295} cp. Assyrian šûru, coal);

Pf. שׁ׳, of skin Job 30:30.

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שָׁחֹר

adj. black;—שׁ׳ of hair Leviticus 13:31, Leviticus 13:37 (P), so fpl. שְׁחֹרוֹת Song of Songs 5:11; of skin, fs. שְׁחוֹרָה Song of Songs 1:5; of horses, mpl. שְׁחֹרִים Zechariah 6:2, Zechariah 6:6.

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שַׁ֫חַר

n.m. ^{Genesis 19:15} dawn;—abs. שׁ׳ I Samuel 9:26 +, שָׁ֑חַר Judges 19:25 +; הַשַּׁחַר Genesis 19:15; Psalms 22:1;—dawn, c. עָלָה rise Genesis 19:15; Genesis 32:25, Genesis 32:27; Joshua 6:15 (all J), Judges 19:25; I Samuel 9:26; Nehemiah 4:15; Jonah 4:7; opp. עֵיפָה Amos 4:13; as adv. at dawn Psalms 57:9 = Psalms 108:3; עַפְעַפֵּי־שׁ׳ Job 3:9; Job 41:10; כַּנִפֵי־שׁ׳ Psalms 139:9; Psalms 110:3 read prob. רֶחֶם שׁ׳ (v. מִשְׁחָר infr.); שׁ׳ also Job 38:12, in sim. Hosea 6:3 (but read כְּשַׁחֲרֵנוּ כֵּן נִמְצָאֵהוּ as inf., v. following, Gie^{Beitr. 208} We Now GASm Marti), Isaiah 58:8; Song of Songs 6:10; Joel 2:2 (al. blackness, ‖ עָנָן וַעֲרָפֶל); בֶּן־שׁ׳ Isaiah 14:12 (of star, fig. of royal splendour;—lit. as myth RS^{K 300}); אֵין לוֹ שׁ׳ Isaiah 8:20 is obscure, so also בַּשּׁ׳ Hosea 10:15 (We in storm, i.e. בַּשַּׂעַר).—Isaiah 47:11 usually, but improbably, dawn (origin) of calamity: JHMich Hi Ew Röd (Thes) De Di al. charm away (RVm) (Arabic سَحَرَ enchant (We^{Heid. 2. 159, 200}), سِحْرٌ enchantment [= Sab. סחר DHM^{Hofmus. 24. 1}]); but v. [שָׁחַד]. Also צֶרֶת הַשַּׁחַר v. p. 886.

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שָׁחַר²

vb.denom. look early, diligently for (late; orig. look for dawn);—

Pt. שֹׁחֵר טוֹב Proverbs 11:27 (‖ בִּקֵּשׁ, דָּרַשׁ), elsewhere

c. acc. (sf.) Pf. 3 ms. sf. שִׁחֲרוֹ מוּסָר Proverbs 13:24 seeks him early (with) discipline (chastises him betimes); 2 ms. sf. consec. וְשִׁחַרְתַּ֫נִי וְאֵינֶנִּי Job 7:21; lit. Inf. לְשַׁחֵר פָּנֶיךָ Proverbs 7:15; of wild asses, Pt. מְשַׁחֲרֵי לַטָּ֑רֶף Job 24:5 (Ges^{§ 130 u}) seeking eagerly for their food; usually of seeking God (י׳) earnestly, Pf. וְשִׁחֲרוּ־אֵל Psalms 78:34 (‖ דָּרַשׁ), Impf. 2 ms. תְּשַׁהֵר אֶל־אֵל Job 8:5 (si vera l.), 3 mpl. sf. יְשַׁחֲרֻנְנִי (Ges^{§ 60 e}) Hosea 5:15 (‖ בִּקֵּשׁ), + Hosea 6:3 (v. שַׁחַר), and, acc. wisdom, Proverbs 1:28, Pt. sf. מְשַׁחֲרַי Proverbs 8:17; seek with longing, long for (י׳), אֲשַׁחֲרֶ֑ךָּ Isaiah 26:9 Psalms 63:2.

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שָׁחַת

vb. go to ruin (?), only der. spec. (NH Hiph. = BH, Ecclus. שחיתה Ben Sira 30:11 corrupt act; Arabic سَحَتَ extirpate; Ethiopic ሰሐጠ: injure, violate; TelAm. šaḫâtu is fall (especially of city), be prostrate (? of land), perhaps Canaanism (v. Wkl^{TelAm. Vocab.}), Assyrian poss. šêtu, flee, escape (cf. אבד); Old Aramaic (Zinj.) שחת destroy Lzb³⁷⁴, Aramaic שְׁחַת, ܫܰܚܶܛ (assim. of ܬ), mutilate;—very improb. Gerber¹⁷⁹ denom. from שַׁחַת);—

be marred, spoiled, Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁחַת, of waistcloth Jeremiah 13:7, vessel Jeremiah 18:4; be injured, or even (hyperb.) ruined, Impf. 3 fs. תִּשָּׁחֵת Exodus 8:20 (J) of land (מִפְּנֵי הֶעָרֹב); be corrupted, corrupt, in morals and rel., of earth, Pf. 3 fs. נִשְׁחָ֑תָה Genesis 6:12 (P), Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּשּׁ׳ לִפְנֵי הָא׳ v Genesis 6:11 (P); so Pt. fpl. as adj. נִשְׁחָתוֹת Ezekiel 20:44.

Pf. 3 ms. שִׁחֵת Exodus 32:7 +, sf. שִׁחֶתְךָ Hosea 13:9; 2 ms. שִׁחַתָּ Isaiah 14:20 +, etc.; Imv. mpl. שַׁחֵ֑תוּ Jeremiah 5:10; Inf. cstr. שַׁחֵת Genesis 13:10 +, etc.;—

spoil, ruin, acc. of eye Exodus 21:26 (E), vineyard Jeremiah 12:10 (fig.), branches Nahum 2:3 (fig.), also = destroy, acc. pers. II Samuel 1:14; II Samuel 14:11 (acc. om.), Ezekiel 5:16; Ezekiel 20:17, כָּל־בָּשָׂר Genesis 6:17; Genesis 9:15 (P), city, fortress, etc., Genesis 13:10; Genesis 19:13, Genesis 19:29 (all J); II Samuel 24:16; Jeremiah 5:10 (acc. om.) Jeremiah 48:18; Ezekiel 26:4; Ezekiel 43:3; Lamentations 2:5, ruin temple v Lamentations 2:6, nation Hosea 11:9; Hosea 13:9 (read perhaps שִׁחַתִּךָ Oort Now), land II Kings 19:12 (Hiph. in ‖ Isaiah 37:12), Judges 6:5 Joshua 22:33 (P), Ezekiel 22:30; Ezekiel 30:11, earth Genesis 9:11 (P); c. ל obj. (ל 3 b), city I Samuel 23:11, pers. Numbers 32:15 (P); c. acc. רַחֲמָיו Amos 1:11, destroyed (stifled) his compassion (or, RS^{K 28} al., the bonds of kinship, v. רַחֲמִים), בְּרִית Malachi 2:8, i.e. violate it, v. especially וְשׁ׳ אַרְצָה (sc. semen) Genesis 38:9 (J) he spoiled (it) upon the ground, made it ineffective, = waste words Proverbs 23:8.

pervert, corrupt, acc. wisdom Ezekiel 28:17, abs. = deal corruptly, חֶעֱמִיקוּ שִׁחֵתוּ Hosea 9:9 (cf. [עָמֹק], p. 770b; but We Now read שַׁחְתּוֹ, √ שׁוח), Exodus 32:7 (JE), Deuteronomy 9:12, so שׁ׳ לוֹ Deuteronomy 32:5.

Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁחִית Genesis 6:12 +; 1 s. וְהִשְׁחַתִּ֫י Jeremiah 51:20, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁחִית Daniel 8:24 +, יַשְׁחִת Malachi 3:11 +, וַיַּשְׁחֵת I Chronicles 20:1; 2 fs. וַתַּשְׁחִתִי Ezekiel 16:47, 2 mpl. תַּשְׁחִתוּן Deuteronomy 4:16; Deuteronomy 31:29; Imv. ms. sf. הַשְׁחִיתָהּ II Kings 18:25 = Isaiah 36:10; Inf. abs. הַשְׁחֵת Deuteronomy 31:29; cstr. הַשְׁחִית I Samuel 26:15 +, etc.; Pt. מַשְׁחִית Genesis 19:14 +, etc.;—

spoil, ruin, acc. crop Judges 6:4; Malachi 3:11, trees Deuteronomy 20:19, Deuteronomy 20:20; Jeremiah 11:19 (fig.), vessels II Chronicles 36:19, houses II Chronicles 34:11, palaces Jeremiah 6:5, cf. Isaiah 65:8; Leviticus 19:27 (H), Ruth 4:6; הִשׁ׳ דַּיָּם Jeremiah 49:9 thieves damage as much as they want; acc. pers. = ruin, destroy, I Samuel 26:9, I Samuel 26:15 Judges 20:21, Judges 20:25 (+ אַ֫רְצָה), v Judges 20:35, Judges 20:42; II Kings 13:23; II Chronicles 24:23 (+ מִן separ.), + 12 times, + (acc. pers. om.) Isaiah 51:13 + 4 times, acc. בֵּית דָּוִד II Chronicles 21:7, abs. Isaiah 11:9 = Isaiah 65:25; also ruin one (by words) Proverbs 11:9; acc. עַם II Samuel 24:16; Deuteronomy 9:26; land I Samuel 6:5; Jeremiah 36:29; Daniel 11:17 (v. Dr); city wall II Samuel 20:15 (Ew Th here denom. from שַׁחַת they were making a pit; < 𝔊 We (?) Klo Dr Bu HPS Now מְהַשְּׁבִים were devising), Lamentations 2:8, cities and nations Genesis 18:28^(×2) (J, acc. om.), Genesis 19:13, Genesis 19:14 (J), Isaiah 37:12 (Pi. in ‖ II Kings 19:12), Isaiah 36:10^(×2) = II Kings 18:25^(×2) + 11 times + (Israel personif.) Deuteronomy 4:31; Deuteronomy 10:10; II Kings 8:19, pride of Judah Jeremiah 13:9, earth Jeremiah 51:1; abs. c. adv. acc. Daniel 8:24 (v. Dr; Bev conj. יְשׂחֵחַ or יָשִׂיחַ utter monstrous things), cf. I Chronicles 21:12; Pt. as adj., of lion Jeremiah 2:30, angel I Chronicles 21:15; = destroyer Exodus 12:23 (J), Jeremiah 22:7; Isaiah 54:16, מ׳ גּוֹיִם Jeremiah 4:7, רוּח מ׳ Jeremiah 51:1; sg. coll. (הַמּ׳ Ges^{§ 126 i}; the destroying band, cf. Dr Bu Now) I Samuel 13:17; I Samuel 14:15 (spoilers, ravagers); fig. for snare, trap, Jeremiah 5:26.

pervert, corrupt, morally, acc. דֶּרֶךְ Genesis 6:12 (P; v. דֶּרֶךְ 6), נַפְשׁוֹ Proverbs 6:32, cf. Zephaniah 3:7; Ezekiel 23:11 (מִן comp.); הִשׁ׳ הִתְעִיבוּ עֲלִילָה Psalms 14:1 = Psalms 53:2; הַשְׁהֵת תַּשְׁח׳ (+ vb. of particular act) Deuteronomy 4:16; Deuteronomy 31:29; declar. = act corruptly, Isaiah 1:4; Deuteronomy 4:25 (+ vb. of act), II Chronicles 27:2, + מִן comp. Judges 2:19; Ezekiel 16:47; Pt. as subst. Jeremiah 6:28, אִישׁ מַשׁ׳ Proverbs 28:24 (Proverbs 18:9 v. infra).—אַל־תַּשְׁחֵת destroy not (catchword of old song or melody?) in ψ-titles: †Psalms 57:1; Psalms 58:1; Psalms 59:1; Psalms 75:1.

Pt. מָשְׁחָת spoiled, ruined, of a spring, מָקוֹר Proverbs 25:26 (‖ מַעְיָן נִרְפָּשׂ); as subst. Malachi 1:14 sacrificing a spoiled thing.

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שַׁ֫חַת²

v. שׁוח.

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שִׁטָּה

n.f. acacia, tree and wood (= שִׁנְטָה*, Arabic سَنْطٌ, prob. loan-word from Egyptian šndt, šond^et, Thes¹⁴⁵² Erman^{ZMG xivi (1892), 120});—growing in dry places; especially acacia (mimosa) Nilotica; cf. Rob^{BR ii. 20}, or a. seyyâl Post^{Flora 298 f. Hast. DB Shittah-tree} Tristr^{NHB 390 ff.};—שׁ׳ sg. Isaiah 41:19 (to grow in desert); usually pl., עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים shiṭṭîm wood, material of ark, altars, staves, etc., in tabern., Deuteronomy 10:3; Exodus 25:5, Exodus 25:10, Exodus 25:13 + 19 times Exodus 25-38 (P); עֲצֵי om., עַמּוּדֵי שׁ׳ pillars of shiṭṭîm (wood), Exodus 26:32, Exodus 26:37; Exodus 36:36 (P).

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שָׁטַח

vb. spread, spread abroad (NH id.; Arabic سَطَحَ spread out; so Ethiopic ሰጥሐ: Aramaic שְׁטַח, ܫܛܰܚ );—

Pf. 3 pl. sf. consec. וּשְׁטָחוּם לַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Jeremiah 8:2 they shall spread them abroad, etc., acc. of many separate things, so Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּשְׁטַח II Samuel 17:19 (עַל loc.; disting. from פָּרַשׂ spread covering); 3 mpl. + Inf. abs. וַיִּשְׁטְחוּ לָהֶם שָׁטוֹחַ Numbers 11:32 (J) they spread (sc. the quails) for themselves all abroad round about the camp (i.e. to dry them; 𝔙 siccaverunt; cf. Di Gray); Pt. שֹׁטֵחַ לַגּוֹיִם Job 12:23 expanding the nations (cf. ל 3 b).

Pf. 1 s. שִׁטַּחְתִּי אֵלֶיךָ כַפָּ֑י Psalms 88:10 I have spread out unto thee my palms.

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שָׁטַף

vb. overflow, rinse or wash off (NH id., so J.Aram. שְׁטַף; Assyrian šaṭâpu, overflow, Arabic سطف id., Cuche);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Isaiah 8:8 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁטֹף I Kings 22:38, etc.; Pt. שׁוֹטֵף Isaiah 10:22 +, pl. שֹׁטְפִים Isaiah 28:2;—

overflow, of river Isaiah 8:8; Jeremiah 47:2a (v. נַחַל), Daniel 11:10, Daniel 11:40, all fig. of invading army, cf. Isaiah 28:15 (qy. by Sta^{ThLZ, Apr. 1894, 235}, Du Marti read שׁוֹט שֹׁטֵט), v Isaiah 28:18 (v. שׁוֹט), also (sim. of י׳ in judgment) v Isaiah 28:2 (מַיִם), Isaiah 30:28, of judicial destruction, שׁוֹטֵף צְדָקָה Isaiah 10:22; c. acc. of land Jeremiah 47:2b, pers. (fig.) Isaiah 43:2 (נְהָרוֹת), Psalms 69:3 (שִׁבֹּלֶת), v Psalms 69:16 (שׁ׳ מַיִם), Psalms 124:4 (מַיִם), cf. Isaiah 28:17 Song of Songs 8:7; גֶּשֶׁם שׁוֹטֵף flooding rain (of י׳’s judgment) Ezekiel 13:11, Ezekiel 13:13; Ezekiel 38:22; נַחַל שׁוֹטֵף Isaiah 66:12, sim., in good sense.—Abs. Daniel 11:26 v. Niph.—Fig. of dashing, rushing horse, כְּסוּס שׁוֹ׳ בַּמִּלְחָמָה Jeremiah 8:6.

flow, run, lit. of נַחַל Psalms 78:20 II Chronicles 32:4.

lit., rinse or wash off, c. acc. of thing washed I Kings 22:38, יָדָיו בַּמָּ֑יִם Leviticus 15:11 (P); of stain Ezekiel 16:9 (מֵעָלַיִךְ; ‖ רָחַץ); עֲפַר־אָ֑רֶץ Job 14:19.

Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁטֵף בַּמַּיִם Leviticus 15:12 be rinsed out, off (P; of wooden vessel); 3 mpl. יִשָּֽׁטְפוּ מִלְּפָנָיו Daniel 11:22 be swept away (defeated), read prob. יִשָּׁטֵף (for יִשְׁטֹף), also v Daniel 11:26 (cf. Dr).

Pf. 3 ms. וּמֹרַק וְשֻׁטַּף בַּמָּ֑יִם Leviticus 6:21 (P) it shall be scoured and rinsed.

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שֹׁטֵר

n.m. official, officer (proposes scribe, secretary? or from original meaning as arranger, organizer?);—abs. שׁ׳ Proverbs 6:7, שׁו׳ II Chronicles 26:11; pl. שֹׁטְרִים Deuteronomy 1:15 +, etc.;—appar. subordinate officer, judicial, civil or military (cf. Dr Deuteronomy 1:15 Gray Numbers 11:16): organizing people for marching Joshua 1:10; Joshua 3:2 (both E), cf. Deuteronomy 20:5, Deuteronomy 20:8, Deuteronomy 20:9; appointed over Isr. by Egyptian overseers Exodus 5:14, cf. v Exodus 5:6, Exodus 5:10, Exodus 5:15, Exodus 5:19 (all J); elsewhere + זְקֵנִים Numbers 11:16 (E), Deuteronomy 29:9; Deuteronomy 31:28; + שׁ פְטִים Deuteronomy 16:18 I Chronicles 23:4; I Chronicles 26:29, + ז׳ et שֹׁפ׳ Joshua 8:33 (R^D), and (+ רָאשִׁים) Joshua 23:2 (R^D), Joshua 24:1 (E, or R^D); שֹׁט׳ as minor judges also Deuteronomy 1:15; שֹׁט׳ הַמְשָֽׁרְתִים אֶת־הַמֶּלֶךְ I Chronicles 27:1, chosen from Levites II Chronicles 19:11; II Chronicles 34:13 (+ סוֹפְרִים, שׁוֹעֲרִים); as title of individ. II Chronicles 26:11 (‖ הַסּוֹפֵר); of ant, אֵין־לָהּ קָצִין שֹׁטֵר וּמֹשֵׁל Proverbs 6:7.

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שִׁטְרַי

n.pr.m. an official of David, I Chronicles 27:29 Kt (> Qr שִׁרְטִי); Ασαρταις, Σατραι.

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שַׁי

n.m. gift offered as homage (√ dub.; perhaps in spite of שׁ = ش Arabic شَيِىَٔ, vb. wish, شَىْءٌ thing (weakened from thing desired); cf. חֵפֶץ 4);—יוּבַל שׁ׳ Isaiah 18:7, יֹבִילוּ שׁ׳ Psalms 76:12, יוֹב׳ שָׁ֑י Psalms 68:30.

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שָׁיָה

vb. only

Impf. apoc. צוּר יְלָֽדְךָ תֶּ֑שִׁי Deuteronomy 32:18, but < read תִּשֶּׁה (II. נשׁה) the Rock which begat thee thou forgattest, Sam. תשא, Di Dr.

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שִׁיזָא

n.pr.m. in Reuben, I Chronicles 11:42, Σαιζα, Σιζαι.

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שִׁיחַ

v. שׁוח.

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שִׁיחוֹר

n.pr.flum. on border of Egypt, prob. E. branch of Nile;—הַשּׁ׳ Joshua 13:3, שׁ׳ מִצְרַיִם I Chronicles 13:5; clearly = Nile, זֶרַע שִׁחֹר Isaiah 23:3 (‖ קְצִיר יְאוֹר), מֵי שִׁחוֹר Jeremiah 2:18; cf. Dl^{Pa 311} Wilson^{Hast. DB Shihor} (usually derived from I. שׁחר, as black water, but doubtful).

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שַׁיִט

v. I. שׁוט.

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שִׁילוֹ

n.pr.loc., שִׁילֹנִי etc., v. שִׁלֹה.

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שִׁימוֹן

n.pr.m. in Judah, I Chronicles 4:20, Σεμ(ε)ιων, Σαμι.

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שִׁיר

n.m. song (NH id.; so Ecclus Ben Sira 40:21 +);—שׁ׳ abs. Judges 5;Judges 12 +, cstr. II Chronicles 29:27 +; sf. שִׁירִי Psalms 28:7, etc.; pl. שִׁירִים I Chronicles 13:8; Song of Songs 1:1; שִׁרִים Genesis 31:27; Proverbs 25:20; sf. שִׁרֶ֫יךָ Amos 5:23, etc.;—

lyric song, + מָשָׁל I Kings 5:12, opp. קִינָה Amos 8:10; joyous Genesis 31:27 (J) Isaiah 30:29; שׁ׳ עגבים Ezekiel 33:32; triumphal Judges 5:12; love song Song of Songs 1:1^(×2) (title שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים), Psalms 45:1 (שִׁיר יְדִידֹת); noisy Amos 5:23 Ezekiel 26:13, in drunken revels Isaiah 24:9, cf. Isaiah 23:16; שׁ׳ כסילים Ecclesiastes 7:5; not for sorrow Proverbs 25:20 Psalms 137:3^(×2); בְּנוֹת הַשִּׁיר Ecclesiastes 12:4 songstresses (prob. birds).

religious song, in worship, ‖ תפלה Psalms 42:9; usually praise, הלל בשׁיר Psalms 69:31; מִשִּׁירִי אֲהוֹדֶנּוּ Psalms 28:7; שִׁיר תְּהִלָּה וְהוֹדוֹת Nehemiah 12:46; שׁיר י׳ Psalms 137:4 II Chronicles 29:27; שׁיר חדשׁ Isaiah 42:10 (fresh outburst), + 6 times, v. חָדָשׁ; in ψ-titles, שׁיר Isaiah 46:1, cf. Isaiah 26:1; שׁיר המעלות pilgrim songs Psalms 120:1 + 14 times (v. ii. מַעֲלָה p. 752); c. מִזְמוֹר Psalms 48:1 + 12 times (v. מִז׳ p. 274); מַשְׂכִּיל שִׁיר Psalms 45:1; (שׁ׳ orig. alone in all except Psalms 30:1; Psalms 92:1; Psalms 108:1, v. Br^{JBL xviii (1899), 138}).

specif. song of Levitical choirs, with musical accomp., I Chronicles 6:16, I Chronicles 6:17; I Chronicles 13:8 (so read also ‖ II Samuel 6:5 for בְּרוֹשִׁים, 𝔊 Th and mod., cf. ב׳), I Chronicles 25:6, I Chronicles 25:7; II Chronicles 23:18; II Chronicles 29:28 Nehemiah 12:27; כלי (ה)שׁיר instrument to accompany song I Chronicles 15:16 + 6 times (v. כְּלִי 2 b); cf. Amos 6:5.

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שִׁירָה

n.f. song (pl. [שׁ]ירות Ecclus Ben Sira 39:15);—abs. שׁ׳ Exodus 15:1 + 9 times; cstr. שִׁירַת Isaiah 5:1; Isaiah 23:15; pl. cstr. שִׁירוֹת Amos 8:3 (read שָׁרוֹת 𝔊 Hoffm^{ZAW iii (1883)} We al.);—song, ode, Exodus 15:1 (E), II Samuel 22:1 = Psalms 18:1, Deuteronomy 31:19^(×2), Deuteronomy 31:21, Deuteronomy 31:22, Deuteronomy 31:30; Deuteronomy 32:44; Numbers 21:17 (E) Isaiah 5:1; Isaiah 23:15.

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שִׁיר²

vb. sing (denom. according to Nö^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 537} Gerb¹⁷², but, if so, an old one);—

Pf. 3 ms. שָׁר Psalms 7:1; Impf. 3 ms. יָשִׁיר Exodus 15:1 Numbers 21:17 (read יָשִׁר Job 33:27 for יָשׁר, √ II. שׁוּר, so SS Bu Gerb; in this sense also Ew De Di RV and all mod.); 3 fs. וַתָּ֫שַׁר Judges 5:1, etc.; Imv. mpl. שִׁירוּ Exodus 15:21 +; Inf. cstr. לָשׁוּר I Samuel 18:6 Kt (< Qr לָשִׁיר, so Bu; 𝔊^B om., cf. Dr Kit^Kau HPS Now); Pt. שָׁר Proverbs 25:20; pl. שָׁרִים II Samuel 19:36 +; f. שָׁרוֹת II Samuel 19:36 + 2 times + Amos 8:3 (read for שִׁירוֹת; v. שִׁירָה);—sing, c. acc. שִׁיר Isaiah 42:10 Psalms 33:3 + 5 times; שִׁירָה Exodus 15:1; Numbers 21:17 (E) Isaiah 5:1; שׁ׳ בשׁרים Proverbs 25:20; מִשִּׁיר צִיּוֹן Psalms 137:3; שׁגיון Psalms 7:1 (𝔊 מזמור), תהלה Psalms 106:12; c. acc. of theme Psalms 59:17; Psalms 89:2; abs. Judges 5:1; I Samuel 18:6; c. לְ Psalms 13:6; Psalms 96:1, Psalms 96:2 = I Chronicles 16:23, Exodus 15:1, Exodus 15:21; Jeremiah 20:13; ‖ זמּר Psalms 68:5, Psalms 68:33; Psalms 101:1; Psalms 104:33; Psalms 105:2 = I Chronicles 16:9; Judges 5:3; + זמּר abs. Psalms 57:8 = Psalms 108:2; c. acc. theme Psalms 21:14; c. לְ pers. Psalms 27:6; of nature Psalms 65:14 (after הַתְרוֹעֵעַ); על אנשׁים Job 33:27 (v. supra); pt. שָׁרִים singers II Samuel 19:36 I Kings 10:12 + 6 times (Ezekiel 40:44 read שְׁתַּיִם 𝔊 Hi Co mod.); שָׁרוֹת songstresses II Samuel 19:36; II Chronicles 35:25; Ecclesiastes 2:8 + Amos 8:3 (v. supra).—Psalms 138:5 read וְיָשִׂיחוּ. Pōʿl.₃₆ Pf. 3 mpl. שֹׁרְרוּ Job 36:24; Impf. 3 ms. יְשׁוֹרֵר Zephaniah 2:14; Pt. מְשׁוֹרֵר I Chronicles 6:18; II Chronicles 29:28; pl. מְשֹׁרְרִים Ezra 2:65 +, etc.;—sing: birds Zephaniah 2:14; men Job 36:24; elsewhere pt. of Levitical singers I Chronicles 6:18; I Chronicles 9:33 + 31 times, + fpl. Ezra 2:65 songstresses = Nehemiah 7:66.

be sung: Impf. יוּשַׁר הַשִׁיר הַזֶּה Isaiah 26:1.

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שַׁ֫יִשׁ

n.[m.] alabaster (foreign word? NH id.; Aramaic שַׁיְשָׁא, ܫܺܝܫܳܐ, perhaps Assyrian šaššu);—אַבְנֵי־שׁ׳ I Chronicles 29:2 (material of temple); cf. Patrick^{Hast.DB Marble}.

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שֵׁשׁ²

n.m. id.;—עַמּוּדֵי שׁ׳ Song of Songs 5:15 (in fig.), Esther 1:6 a, material of pavement v Esther 1:6 b (v. בַּ֫הַט).—I. שֵׁשׁ, v. שׁדשׁ.

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שִׁישָׁא

n.pr.m. Solomon’s time, I Kings 4:3, Σαβα, Σεισα, 𝔊L Σαφατ; cf. שְׂרָיָה.

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שִׁישַׁק

n.pr.m. king of Egypt, Solomon’s time (10th cent. b.c.), I Kings 11:40; I Kings 14:25 Qr (Kt שושק), = II Chronicles 12:2; II Chronicles 12:9, שִׁישָׁ֑ק v II Chronicles 12:5^(×2), II Chronicles 12:7; = Šešonḳ I, first king of 22nd dynasty, Blau^{ZMG xv (1861), 233 ff.} Steind^{BAS i. 351}; = Sošenḳ WMM^{As. u. Eur. 166 ff.; Ency. Bib. Shishak}; cf. Griffith^{Hast.DB Shishak}.

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שִׁית

vb. put, set (Nö^{Beitr. z. Sem. Sprachwiss. 39 f.}; cf. Ph. שת Lzb ³⁷⁵; Ecclus שית Pt. pass. Ben Sira 31:27 (?); v. also (Nö^{l.c. 41}) Syriac ܫܺܝܽܘܬܳܐ quality, appearance);—

Pf. 3 ms. שָׁת Genesis 4:25 +, 3 fs. שָׁ֫תָה I Samuel 4:20 +, 2 ms. שַׁ֫תָּה Psalms 8:7, שַׁ֫תָּ Psalms 90:8, sf. שַׁתַּ֫נִי Psalms 88:7, Psalms 88:9, 1 s. שַׁ֫תִּי Psalms 73:28 +; 3 pl. שָּׁ֫תוּ Exodus 33:4 + 3 times, metapl. שַׁתּוּ Psalms 49:15; Psalms 73:9 (other forms not found); Impf. 3 ms. יָשִׁית Exodus 21:22 +, juss. יָשֵׁת Job 9:33, וַיָּ֫שֶׁת Genesis 30:40 +; 3 fs. sf. וַתְּשִׁתֵ֫הוּ Ruth 4:16, תִּשִׁיתֵ֫מוֹ Psalms 21:10 +, 1 s. sf. אֲשִׁתֶ֫נּוּ I Kings 11:34; Imv. ms. שִׁית Proverbs 27:23, שִׁיתָ֫ה Psalms 9:21; Psalms 141:3; fs. שִׁ֫תִי Jeremiah 31:21, etc.; Inf. abs. שֹׁת Isaiah 22:7; cstr. שִׁית Job 30:1 +; Pt. pass. וְשִׁית (Jeremiah 13:16 Qr, but read Kt יָשִׁית); sf. שִׁתִי Exodus 10:1;—

put, lay hand upon, עַל, Genesis 46:4 (E), Genesis 48:14, Genesis 48:17 (J), Job 9:33 Psalms 139:5; c. עִם in evil partnership, Exodus 23:1 (E); put ornaments, עַל pers., Exodus 33:4 (J); cf. I Samuel 2:8 Isaiah 15:9 Job 22:24 Ruth 3:15; lay child into (ב) bosom Ruth 4:16; put wisdom, ב loc., Job 38:36, cf. Proverbs 26:24; אָשִׁית עֵצוֹת בְּנַפְשִׁי Psalms 13:3, i.e. take counsel, plan; מַחְסִי בי׳ Psalms 73:28; put things תַּחַת רַגְלָיו Psalms 8:7; lay (penalty) עַל pers. Exodus 21:22 (E), sin Numbers 12:11 (E), cf. (c. אֲשֶׁר = where) Psalms 84:4; nearly = give (נתן), acc. + ל pers. Genesis 4:25 (J; explan. of name שֵׁת), appoint Psalms 9:21.

set, station, sheep לְבַדּוֹ Genesis 30:40, cf. לֹא שָׁתָם עַל v Genesis 30:40 (J); acc. pers. = appoint (עַל over) Genesis 41:33 (E); set לָמוֹ pers. (ל 3 b) + ב loc. Psalms 73:18, so (acc.) Psalms 88:7 and (obj. pers. om.) Psalms 12:6, set crown לְרֹאשׁוֹ Psalms 21:4, set one (מִן partit.) לְכִסֵּא Psalms 132:11; set pers. among (ב pers.) II Samuel 19:29; Jeremiah 3:19, cf. (עִם) Job 30:1; set watch לְפִי Psalms 141:3, snares לִי Psalms 140:6, enmity, בֵּין pers. Genesis 3:15 (J); iniquities לְנֶגְדֶּ֑ךָ Psalms 90:8, cf. Psalms 101:3; set, direct face, אֶל loc. Numbers 24:1 (J), eyes לִנְטוֹת בָּאָרֶץ Psalms 17:11.

in phr. שׁ׳ לֵב לְ set one’s mind to, give heed, attention (cf. שׂוּם 2 b), Exodus 7:23 (E), II Samuel 13:20; Jeremiah 31:21 Psalms 48:14 Proverbs 22:17; Proverbs 27:23, c. אֶל Job 7:17, abs. I Samuel 4:20 Psalms 62:11; Proverbs 24:32 I reflected.

set, fix, גְּבוּל Exodus 23:31 (E; c. מִן … עַד), תָּשִׁית לִי הֹק Job 14:13 wouldst fix me a limit, Job 38:11 (וּפֹא יָשִׁית בִּגְאוֹן גַּלָּיךָ De al. here shall one fix it [the boundary, חֹק, v Job 14:10] = it shall be fixed against, etc.: but explan. very forced: Me Kau יִשָּׁבֵר ג׳, Bi Bu יִשְׁבֹּת ג׳).

constitute, make one something, 2 acc., I Kings 11:34 I will make him prince, Isaiah 5:6; Isaiah 26:1; Jeremiah 22:6 Psalms 21:7; Psalms 84:7; Psalms 88:9 (+ למוֹ ind. obj.), Psalms 110:1 II Samuel 22:12 ‖ Psalms 18:12; תְּשִׁיתֵמוֹ שֶׁ֑כֶם Psalms 21:13 = thou wilt make them (all) shoulder, make them turn their back, flee (cf. Psalms 18:41); acc. + ל make something into Jeremiah 2:15 = Jeremiah 50:3; Jeremiah 13:16 Psalms 45:17 (+ ב loc.); acc. + ב comp. make one like Hosea 2:5 (‖ שִׂים), Isaiah 16:3 Psalms 21:10; Psalms 83:12, Psalms 83:14; acc. only, make, prepare, feast Jeremiah 51:39, cf. שָׁת קָצִיר לָךְ Hosea 6:11 (read poss. שִׁית, pt. pass.), make darkness Psalms 104:20; = perform signs, ב loc. Exodus 10:1 (J).

internally trans., = take one’s stand (cf. שִׂים 4 a) הַפָּרָשִׁים שֹׁת שָׁתוּ הַשָּׁ֑עְרָה Isaiah 22:7; c. עָלָֽי (against) Psalms 3:7.—יָשִׁית מִמֶּנִּי Job 10:20 (Kt; > Qr Imv. וְשִׁית) is dub., יָשִׁית = יָשֵׁת: De direct (attention) away from me, cf. Di (ellipsis of יָד, פָּנִים, or לֵב), Du (sc. יָד; reads Imv.); Lag (so Bu) proposes יִשְׁבֹּת, Siegf (יָדוֹ) יָשֵׁב, 𝔊 Beer (best) שְׁעֵה (Job 7:19), with יְמֵי חֶלְדִּי (𝔊 Bu Be Du) for יָמַי יחדל prob. rightly.

(or Qal pass. Ges^{§ 53 u}), Impf. 3 ms. יוּשַׁת Exodus 21:30 (E) if a ransom be imposed עָלָיו, v. Exodus 21:30.

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שִׁית²

n.m. garment (Nö^{Beitrlige, 41 f.}, cp. Syriac ܫܺܝܽܘܬܳܐ appearance, and qu. שִׁיֻּת?);—cstr. שִׁית זוֹנָה Proverbs 7:10; fig. שׁ׳ חָמָס Psalms 73:6 (v. II. עטף).

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שֵׁת

n.pr.m. third son of Adam; Genesis 4:25 (where expl. from √ שִׁית), v Genesis 4:26 Genesis 5:3, Genesis 5:4, Genesis 5:6, Genesis 5:7, Genesis 4:8; I Chronicles 1:1; Σηθ.—In כָּל־בְּנֵי־שֵׁת Numbers 24:17 (poem in J), read prob. שֵׁאת tumult (cf. Lamentations 3:47), or שְׂאֵת (v. sub נשׂא), cf. Gray.—ii. שֵׁת, v. II. שׁתה.

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שָׁת

n.m. (Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 84}) foundation, stay (of society) (√ שׁית Thes Kö^{ii. 1, 172});—pl. הַשָּׁתוֹת יֵהָרֵס֑וּן Psalms 11:3 (prob. fig. of established usages, laws, etc., Jer. leges, Sym. θεσμοί, so Hup-Now Bae Che⁽¹⁸⁸⁸⁾ al.; > Thes al. of nobles); Thes puts here also שָֽׁתֹתֶ֫יהָ Isaiah 19:10 (so MT probably intends), which Ew Di Kit then interpret of working-classes, ‖ עֹשֵׂי שֶׂכֶר; but perhaps opp. of this, the upper classes, so as to include all ranks of society, Thes De Che^Comm.; Che^Hpt Buhl al. שֹׁתֶיהָ weavers of it (cf. Du Marti), v. III. שׁתה.

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שַׁ֫יִת

n.[m.] coll. thorn-bushes (connex. with above √ dub.; Dietr^{Abh. 73} cp. (improb.) שׁאה devastate, שְׁאִיָּה ruin, whence שׁ׳ wild, rough growth);—always c. שָׁמִיר: abs. שׁ׳ Isaiah 7:23, Isaiah 7:24; Isaiah 9:17; Isaiah 27:4 (cf. Du); שָׁ֑יִת Isaiah 5:6; Isaiah 7:25; sf. שִׁיתוֹ Isaiah 10:17 (fig. Assyrian).

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שָׁכַב

(Lag^{BN 63})₂₁₂ vb. lie down (NH = BH; שכב Ecclus Ben Sira 47:23 (in death), משכב bed Ben Sira 40:5; Ben Sira 47:20 d, = death bed Ben Sira 46:19; Ph. שכב, משכב (v. מ׳ 1 infr.), Lzb³⁷⁵; Ethiopic ሰከበ lie, so Aramaic שְׁכַב, ܫܟܶܒ; Nab. משכבא couch; Arabic سَكَبَ only pour out (water, tears), be poured out (cf. Hiph. infr., and Lag^{BN 63}));—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Genesis 26:10 +, etc.; Impf. יִשְׁכַּב Genesis 30:15 +, 3 mpl. יִשְׁכְּבֻן I Samuel 2:22, יִשְׁכָּב֑וּן Joshua 2:8 Job 30:17, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁכַב II Samuel 13:5 Ezekiel 4:4, שִׁכְבָה Genesis 39:7, Genesis 39:12, etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁכֹב Leviticus 15:24; cstr. שְׁכַב I Kings 1:21 +, sf. שָׁכְבוֹ Ruth 3:4, שִׁכְבָהּ Genesis 19:33, Genesis 19:35, שָׁכְבְּךָ Deuteronomy 6:7 + 2 times; Pt. שֹׁכֵב Genesis 28:13 +, f. שֹׁכֶ֫בֶת Micah 7:5; Ruth 3:8, etc.;—

lie down (sometimes opp. קוּם, הֵקִיץ):

Judges 5:27 (prostrated by blow, + כָּרַע, נָפַל).

to sleep, Genesis 19:4 (J), Genesis 28:11 (E), I Samuel 3:5; Deuteronomy 7:7; Proverbs 6:22 + often; read וַיִּשְׁכַּב) also (for וַיַּשְׁכֵּם I Samuel 9:26 𝔊 Th We Dr and mod.; שׁ׳ + יָשֵׁן sleep I Kings 19:5 Psalms 3:6; Psalms 4:9, cf. Proverbs 3:24^(×2), + נִרְדָּם Jonah 1:5; = be lying I Samuel 3:2, I Samuel 3:3; I Samuel 26:5 (all בְּ loc.), v I Samuel 26:7 I Samuel 4:5 (acc. cogn. noon-repose), II Samuel 13:8, cf. שֹׁכֵב בְּלֶב־יָם Proverbs 23:34, of two lying (together, for warmth) Ecclesiastes 4:11; + be sleeping I Samuel 26:7; = keep lying, c. עַד Judges 16:3; I Samuel 3:14; Ruth 3:13; Proverbs 6:9; emphasis on resting, Leviticus 26:6 (H), Job 11:18; token of mourning, וְשָׁכַב אָ֑רְצָה (וְלָן) II Samuel 12:16, cf. II Samuel 13:21, שׁ׳ בַּשָּׂק I Kings 21:27, שׁ׳ בֵּין שְׁפַתָּ֑יִם Psalms 68:14 (of indolence?); fig. of prostration by disease Psalms 41:9 among foes Psalms 57:5; of humiliation Jeremiah 3:25; c. עַל rei: land Genesis 28:13 (J), usually bed II Samuel 13:5; I Kings 21:4; Leviticus 15:4, Leviticus 15:24, Leviticus 15:26, cf. v Leviticus 15:20, for midday repose II Samuel 4:7.

lie on (עַל) one’s side Ezekiel 4:4^(×2), Ezekiel 4:6, Ezekiel 4:9 (symbol.).

lie, עַל pers. I Kings 3:19 (fatally), II Kings 4:34 (to revive).

lie בְּחֵיק, of lamb (i.e. be cherished) II Samuel 12:3, of woman Micah 7:5 (intimacy), I Kings 1:2 (vital warmth); lie down for copulation Genesis 19:33, Genesis 19:35 (of woman, v. 3 infr.; both opp. קוּם).

= lodge (for night), (שָׁ֫מָּה) שׁ׳ Joshua 2:1 (E), II Kings 4:11, cf. II Kings 9:16 (yet perhaps = lie ill), Leviticus 14:47 (בְּ loc.).

of sexual relations, lie with: subj. man, c. עִם Genesis 30:15, Genesis 30:16; Genesis 39:7, Genesis 39:12, Genesis 39:14 (J), Exodus 22:15 (E), Deuteronomy 22:22 + 8 times Dt., II Samuel 11:4, II Samuel 11:11; II Samuel 12:11, II Samuel 12:24 Leviticus 15:33; c. אֶת fem. with (MT אֹתָהּ, etc., orig. אִתָּהּ, etc., v. Dr II Samuel 13:14 and II. אֵת, p. 85a supra), Genesis 26:10; Genesis 34:2, Genesis 34:7; Genesis 35:22 (all J), I Samuel 2:22 (om. 𝔊 and mod.), II Samuel 13:14; Ezekiel 23:8 (fig.), Leviticus 15:24 (שָׁכֹב יִשְׁכַּב), Numbers 5:19, also (c. acc. cogn. שִׁכְבַת־זֶרַע) v Numbers 5:13 Leviticus 15:18; Leviticus 19:20; c. acc. (sf.) fem. Deuteronomy 28:30 Kt (v. [שָׁגֵל]); c. אֵצֶל fem. Genesis 39:10 (J); c. אֵת vir. (sodomy), Leviticus 18:22; Leviticus 20:13 (both H; c. acc. cogn. מִשְׁכְּבֵי אִשָּׁח); c. עִם־בְּהֵמָה Deuteronomy 27:21; Exodus 22:18 (E); subj. woman, c. עִם vir. Genesis 19:32, Genesis 19:34, Genesis 19:35 (J) II Samuel 13:11; אֵת vir. Genesis 19:33, Genesis 19:34 (cf. 1 e supra).

lie down in death, Isaiah 14:8; Isaiah 43:17 (opp. קוּם), Ezekiel 31:18; Ezekiel 32:27, Ezekiel 32:28, Ezekiel 32:29, Ezekiel 32:30; Job 14:12 (opp. קוּם, הֵקִיץ), שׁ׳ וְאֶשְׁקוֹט Job 3:13; be lying (dead) Isaiah 51:20; Lamentations 2:21.

especially in phr. שׁ׳ עִם אֲבוֹתָיו lie down with his fathers, of kings I Kings 1:21; I Kings 2:10 + 35 times K Ch, cf. Genesis 47:30 (J), Deuteronomy 31:16, and (c. אֵת) II Samuel 7:12.

in grave, בְּבֵיתוֹ Isaiah 14:18 (opp. מִקִּבְרְךָ), שֹׁכְבֵי קֶבֶר Psalms 88:6; לֶעָפָר Job 7:21, עַל־ע׳ Job 20:11; Job 21:26; in Sh^e’ôl Ezekiel 32:21; in Gehenna (?) Isaiah 50:11.

fig. = relax: Job 30:17 my gnawing pains do not sleep; = have rest, לֹא שׁ׳ לִבּוֹ Ecclesiastes 2:23. †Niph.Pu. = be lain with (sexually; subj. woman), only as Qr for Kt [שָׁגֵל] Niph.Pu. q.v. †Hiph. lay, Pf. 3 fs. הִשְׁכִּיבָה c. acc. puer. + בְּחֵיק I Kings 3:20, so Impf. 3 fs. sf. וַתַּשְׁכִּיבֵהוּ v I Kings 3:20, cf. (עַל־מִטָּה) I Kings 17:19 II Kings 4:21; Inf. abs. הַשְׁכֵּב אוֹתָם אַ֫רְצָה II Samuel 8:2 making them lie down on ground; Impf. also lay בַּמִּשְׁכָּב II Chronicles 16:14 (of burial); נִבְלֵי שָׁמַיִם מִי יַשְׁכִּיב Job 38:37 i.e. tip them so that contents may flow out (cf. Arabic سَكَبَ supra). †Hoph. Pt. מֻשְׁכָּב II Kings 4:32 laid עַל־מִטָּה; Pf. consec. וְהֻשְׁכַּב Ezekiel 32:32 shall be laid (in death), c. בְּתוֹךְ et אֵת pers. (with); so Imv. ms. הָשְׁכְּבָה v Ezekiel 32:19 (c. אֵת pers. only).

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שְׁכָבָה

n.f. act of lying, layer;—only cstr. שִׁכְבַת;—

act of lying, as acc. cogn. c. שׁכב 3: שִׁכְבַת־זָ֑רַע Leviticus 15:18 (P) a man lies with her a lying of seed (in copulation), cf. Leviticus 19:20 (H) Numbers 5:13 (P); then (= semen), תֵּצֵא שִׁכְבַת־זָ֑רַע Leviticus 15:16, Leviticus 15:32 (P) Leviticus 22:4 (H) (+ מִמֶּנּוּ), שׁ׳ ז׳ alone Leviticus 15:17 (P).

layer of dew, שִׁכְבַת הַטָּ֑ל Exodus 16:13, Exodus 16:14 (P).

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שָׁכַח

vb. forget (NH id.; Ecclus Ben Sira 45:26^c and (Pi.) Ben Sira 11:25^(×2); Aramaic שְׁכַח, ܫܟܰܚ is find);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Psalms 9:13 +, sf. שְׁכֵחָ֑נִי Isaiah 49:14; 2 fs. שָׁכַחַתְּ Jeremiah 13:25; 1 pl. sf. שְׁכַחֲנוּךָ Psalms 44:18, etc.; Impf. יִשְׁכַּח Deuteronomy 4:31 +, etc.; Imv. fs. שִׁכְחִי Psalms 45:11; Inf. abs. שָׁכֹחַ; Pt. pl. cstr. שֹׁכְחֵי Job 8:13 Psalms 50:22;—forget:

subj. man,

acc. rei Genesis 27:45 (E), Deuteronomy 4:9; Deuteronomy 9:7 (opp. זָכַר) +, = forget and leave, ב loc., Deuteronomy 24:19; c. obj. cl. c. כִּי Job 39:15; c. מִן inf. Psalms 102:5.

c. acc. pers., involving forgetting to mention, Genesis 40:23 (E; opp. זכר), ceasing to care for Jeremiah 30:14 (fig.), Isaiah 49:15^(×2) (acc. om.), v Isaiah 49:15 Job 19:14 Psalms 45:11; c. acc. Jerusalem Psalms 137:5; יִשְׁכָּחֵהוּ רֶחֶם Job 24:20; abs. Psalms 137:5 תִּשְׁכַּח יְמִינִי: AE Ki supply הַמַּעֲשֶׂה or הַנִּגּוּן (whence AV her cunning), but forced: 𝔊 תִּשָּׁכַח; read prob. (Gr Bu al.) תִּכְחַשׁ let it grow lean (Psalms 109:24, cf. Zechariah 11:17), or (Che) תְּכַחֵשׁ let it disappoint (me), fail (Habakkuk 3:17).

especially c. acc. י׳ (God), Hosea 2:15; Hosea 8:14; Hosea 13:6; Judges 3:7; I Samuel 12:9; Isaiah 17:10; Deuteronomy 8:19 (שָׁכֹהַ תִּשׁ׳) + 16 times (5 times Dt, 4 times Je), + Psalms 59:12 (acc. om.); also acc. of divine name Jeremiah 23:27 (בַּבַּעַל), Psalms 44:21; commands of י׳ Hosea 4:6; Deuteronomy 26:13 (acc. om.) Psalms 119:16 + 7 times Psalms 119, his doings and ways, v Psalms 119:139; Psalms 78:7, Psalms 78:11; Psalms 103:2; Psalms 106:13, his covenant Deuteronomy 4:23, Deuteronomy 4:31; II Kings 17:38; Proverbs 2:17; law of wisdom Proverbs 3:1, sc. acc. בִּינָה Proverbs 4:6.

subj. י׳ (God):

acc. pers. Hosea 4:6 I Samuel 1:11 (opp. זָכַר), Lamentations 5:20; Isaiah 49:14 (‖ עָזַב), Psalms 10:12; Psalms 13:2; Psalms 42:10.

acc. of sins Amos 8:7 Psalms 10:11 (acc. om.), cry Psalms 9:13 (opp. זָכַר), cf., of distress, Psalms 44:25.

voice of foes Psalms 74:23.

sq. inf. Psalms 77:10.

Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁכַּה Ecclesiastes 9:5, etc.; Impf. יִשָּׁכַח Psalms 9:19, 3 fs. תִּשָּׁכֵחַ Jeremiah 20:11, etc.; Pt. fs. נִשְׁכָּחָה Isaiah 23:16, נִשְׁכַּחַת v Isaiah 23:15, pl. נִשְׁכָּחִים Job 28:4;—be forgotten: subj. rei Genesis 41:30 (E), Deuteronomy 31:21; Jeremiah 20:11; Jeremiah 23:40; Jeremiah 50:5; Isaiah 65:11; subj. pers. Psalms 9:19; Psalms 31:13; Ecclesiastes 2:16, Tyre Isaiah 23:15, Isaiah 23:16 (under fig. of harlot), subj. זִכְרָם Ecclesiastes 9:5; הַנִּשׁ׳ מִנִּי רָ֑גֶל Job 28:4.

Pf. 3 ms. שִׁכַּח י׳ וגו׳ Lamentations 2:6 י׳ hath caused to forget (be forgotten) in Zion assembly and sabbath.

Inf. לְהַשְׁכִּיחַ Jeremiah 23:27 to make my people forget my name (2 acc.).

Impf. 3 mpl. יִשְׁתַּכְּחוּ Ecclesiastes 8:10 they were forgotten in the city.

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שָׁכֹל

vb. be bereaved (= Arabic ثَكِلَ, 𝔗 תְּכוֹל, תְּכֵל; cf. Syriac ܬܟܳܠܴܐ loss of children);—

Pf. 1 s. כַּאֲשֶׁר שָׁכֹלְתִּי שָׁכָ֑לְתִּי Genesis 43:14 (E) if I am bereaved, I am bereaved (of father, expr. resignation; on כָ֑לְ v. Ges^{§ 29 u}); Impf. 1 s. אֶשְׁכַּל Genesis 27:45 (E), c. acc. pers. be bereaved of you both (of mother); 3 fs. תִּשְׁכַּל מִנָּשִׁים אִמֶּ֑ךָ I Samuel 15:33 thy mother shall be bereaved above (more than) women.

Pf. 3 fs. שִׁכְּלָה I Samuel 15:33 +, sf. וְשִׁכְּלָ֑תָּה Ezekiel 14:15, etc.; Impf. 3 fs. תְּשַׁכֵּל Deuteronomy 32:25 +, 2 fs. תְּשַׁכְּלִי Ezekiel 36:14 Qr (v. כָּשַׁל Pi.); Inf. cstr. sf. לְשַׁכְּלָם v Ezekiel 36:12; Pt. מְשַׁכֵּלָה Exodus 23:26, -כֶּ֫לֶת Ezekiel 36:13, -כָּ֑לֶת II Kings 2:19, II Kings 2:21;—

make childless, acc. of father Genesis 42:36 (E), of mothers I Samuel 15:33 (subj. חֶרֶב), cf. Leviticus 26:22 Ezekiel 5:17 (subj. famine and beasts), and Ezekiel 14:15 (id.; obj. land); acc. of people Hosea 9:12 (מֵאָדָם), Jeremiah 15:7 (+ אִבַּדְתִּי), Ezekiel 36:12, cf. v Ezekiel 36:13, Ezekiel 36:14 (v. supra); obj. om. (subj. חֶרֶב) Deuteronomy 32:25; Lamentations 1:20; Ezekiel 21:19 (Co, for תִּכָּפֵל, v. כָּפַל p. 495b; otherwise Toy Krae).

cause barrenness, or abortion, הָאָרֶץ מְשַׁכְּ׳ II Kings 2:19, cf. v II Kings 2:21 (Thes otherwise, v. מְשׁ׳ infra).

shew abortion, (1) of any female Exodus 23:26 (E; + עֲקָרָה), animals Genesis 31:38 (E); Job 21:10; (2) of vine Malachi 3:11.

Pt. רֶחֶם (וְשָׁדַיִם צֹמְקִים) מַשְׁכִּיל Hosea 9:14 miscarrying womb.—Jeremiah 50:9 read מַשְׂכִּיל successful, 𝔊 𝔖 Heb Codd. Ew Hi Gf Gie.

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שְׁכוֹל

n.[m.] bereavement, loss of children;—לֹא אֵדַע שׁ׳ Isaiah 47:8 (‖ אַלְמָנָה), cf. v Isaiah 47:9; fig. Psalms 35:12.

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שָׁכוּל

adj. childless (through bereavement);—fs. שְׁכוּלָה Isaiah 49:21 (fig. of Zion);—on form v. Ba^{NB 47}.

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שַׁכּוּל

adj. bereaved, robbed of offspring (Ba ^{§ 37 c});—especially דֹּב שׁ׳ II Samuel 17:8; Hosea 13:8; Proverbs 17:12 (sim. of fierceness); נְשֵׁיהֶם שַׁכֻּלוֹת Jeremiah 18:21; שַׁבֻּלָה אֵין בָּהֶם Song of Songs 4:2 (of flock, in sim.) = Song of Songs 6:6.

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שְׁכֶם

n.m.^{Zephaniah 3:9} shoulder;—abs. שׁ׳ Genesis 48:22 +, שְׁכֶ֑ם Genesis 33:19 +, שֶׁ֑כֶם Psalms 21:13 (whence orig. *šakm inferred Ol^{§ 147 a ad fin.} Sta^{§ 199 a}; but—ֶ der. from—ִ before ב, Ba^{NB 104} Kö^{ii. 1, 67, 506}); cstr. שְׁכֶם Genesis 9:23; sf. שִׁכְמוֹ Genesis 49:15 +, שִׁכְמָה (for שִׁכְמָהּ Ges^{§ 91 e}) Job 31:22, etc.;—

shoulder (sometimes incl. back of neck; כתף = shoulder-blade):

as bearing burdens, וַיֵּט שׁ׳ לִסְבֹּל Genesis 49:15 (poem in J; Issach. under fig. of ass), cf. Genesis 21:14 (E), Genesis 24:15, Genesis 24:45; Exodus 12:34, also Genesis 9:23 (all J), Joshua 4:5 (E), Judges 9:48; Isaiah 10:27 (‖ צַוָּאר), Isaiah 14:25 (both fig.), Psalms 81:7, so, metaph., of responsibility of rule Isaiah 9:5; Isaiah 22:22 (symbolized by key), of accusation as (easy) burden Job 31:36; fig. also לְעָבְדוֹ שׁ׳ אֶחָד Zephaniah 3:9 to serve him (with) one shoulder (as one man), cf. Syriac ܚܰܕ ܟܰܬܦܳܐ.

in statement of Saul’s height, מִשִּׁכְמוֹ וָמַ֫עְלָה גָּבֹהַּ מִכָּל־הָעָם I Samuel 9:2, cf. I Samuel 10:23 and (with play on n.pr.loc. שְׁכֶם) נָתַתִּי לְךָ שׁ׳ אַחַד עַל־אַחֶיךָ Genesis 48:22 (E; cf. Dr).

in gen. back: כְּהַפְנֹתוֹ שִׁכְמוֹ לָלֶכֶת מֵעִם I Samuel 10:9; so תְּשִׁיתֵמוֹ שׁ׳ Psalms 21:13, i.e. make them turn (in flight; cf. וְאוֹיְבַי נָתַתָּה לִי עֹרֶף Psalms 18:41); as beaten מַטֵּה שׁ׳ Isaiah 9:3 (‖ שֵׁבֶט הַנֹּגֵשׂ בּוֹ); more anatom. כְּתֵפִי מִשּׁ׳ תִפּוֹל Job 31:22 let my shoulder-blade fall from its back.—Hosea 6:9 v. ii. שְׁכֶם.

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שְׁכֶם²

n.pr.loc.₄₉ et m.14 (Συχεμ; 𝔊L often Σίκιμα Lag^{BN 57}):

district in N. Palestine (prob. shoulder (saddle?) of mount.);—מְקוֹם שׁ׳ Genesis 12:6, שְׁכֶ֑מָה Genesis 37:14; = city (שְׁכֶם, שְׁכֶ֑מָה, Hosea 6:9 שֶׁ֑כְמָה) Joshua 24:1; עִיר שׁ׳ Genesis 33:18; Judges 8:31 + 20 times Judges 9 (בַּעֲלֵי שׁ׳ v Judges 9:2 + 12 times, ב׳ מִגְדַּל־שׁ׳ v Judges 9:46, Judges 9:47), Hosea 6:9 + 21 times (עִיר שׁ׳ Genesis 33:18); city of refuge Joshua 20:7; Joshua 21:21; I Chronicles 6:52.—WMM^{As. u. Eur. 394}, cp. Egypt. Sa-ka-mà (cf. Jen^{ZA x (1895) 356}); mod. Nablûs (from Rom. name Neapolis); v. Buhl^{G 200 f.} GASm^{G 332 ff. 345} Wilson^{Hast. DB shechem}.

n.pr.m. (on connexion with 1 cf. Judges 9:28), ‘son’ of Ḥamor, also Genesis 33:19; Genesis 34:2 + 10 times 34, Joshua 24:32.

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שֶׁ֫כֶם

n.pr.m. in Manasseh (Συχεμ): Numbers 26:31; I Chronicles 7:19; בְּנֵי־שׁ׳ Joshua 17:2.

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שָׁכַן

vb. settle down, abide, dwell (NH id.; Ecclus Ben Sira 43:17 +; Ph. שכן Lzb³⁷⁵; Aramaic שְׁכֵין; Syriac ܫܟܶܢ, all dwell; Arabic سَكَنَ rest, dwell, cf. Assyrian šakânu, set, lay, deposit, set up (a dwelling), intrans. be situated (of city), maškanu, place, dwelling-place);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Exodus 40:35 + 5 times; שָׁכֵ֑ן Deuteronomy 33:12 + 2 times, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁכֹּן Genesis 16:12 +; יִשְׁכָּן־ Numbers 9:17 + 2 times; 3 mpl. יִשְׁכֹּ֑נוּ Jeremiah 49:31; Jeremiah 49:3 fpl. תִּשְׁכֹּ֑נָּה Ezekiel 17:23, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁכֹן Genesis 26:2 Psalms 37:27; שְׁכָן־ v Psalms 37:3; mpl. שִׁכְנוּ Jeremiah 48:28; Inf. cstr. בִּשְׁכֹּן (Ges^{§ 45 g}) Genesis 35:22, לִשְׁכּוֹן II Chronicles 6:1, etc.; sf. שָׁכְנִי Exodus 29:46; שִׁכְנוֹ Deuteronomy 12:5 (but v. Pi. 1), etc.; Pt. שֹׁכֵן Genesis 14:13 +, שֹׁכְנִי (Ges^{§ 90 l m}) Deuteronomy 33:16 + 3 times; sf. fs. שֹׁכַנְתְּי Jeremiah 51:13; Pt. pass. appar. pl. cstr. c. art. הַשְּׁכוּנֵי Judges 8:11 (but corrupt, n.pr.loc. needed, v. GFM):—

settle down to abide:

of pers.: encamp Numbers 24:2 (E); settle permanently Psalms 102:29 (abs.: ‖ יִכּוֹן); שׁ׳ כמלך Job 29:25 (‖ ישׁב); settle down (to remain) Judges 5:17; תַּחְתָּיו II Samuel 7:10 = I Chronicles 17:9 (not to be removed); especially at rest, peace, in security, לבטח Jeremiah 23:6; Jeremiah 33:16; Deuteronomy 33:12, cf. בין כתפים v Deuteronomy 33:12; Psalms 16:9 (‖ שׂמח); בטח Deuteronomy 33:28 Proverbs 1:33; (ל)בדד Numbers 23:9 (poem) Jeremiah 49:31; Micah 7:14; land of Egypt Jeremiah 46:26 (remain undisturbed), so Jeremiah 50:39; Isaiah 13:20 (‖ תֵּשֵׁב, cf. ישׁב 4); c. acc. מרומים Isaiah 33:16; abs. Nahum 3:18, subj. אדּירים (We יָֽשְׁנוּ, Now יִשְׁכְּבוּ; ‖ נָמוּ); Proverbs 7:11 her feet tarry not in her house.

of animals: כְּלָבִיא Deuteronomy 33:20; ב loc. Isaiah 34:11; Job 37:8; שָׁם Isaiah 13:21; birds שׁ׳ תַּחַת (under) Ezekiel 17:23, שׁ׳ בְּצֵל, v Ezekiel 17:23; c. עַל = upon Ezekiel 31:13, = by Psalms 104:12; c. acc. סֶלַע Job 39:28; abs., of man under fig. of bird, אָע֫וּפָה וְאֶשְׁכֹּ֑נָה Psalms 55:7.

things: c. עַל of cloud, Job 3:5 settle down over; cf. Exodus 24:16; Exodus 40:35; Numbers 9:17, Numbers 9:18, Numbers 9:22 (all P); c. בְּ Numbers 10:12 (P).

abide, dwell:

of men: abs. Psalms 37:27 (לְעוֹלָם); שָׁ֫מָּה Isaiah 65:9; c. ב loc. Psalms 69:37 Job 18:15; Job 30:6; Micah 4:10; Jeremiah 48:28 + 10 times; לְחוֹף יַמִּים Genesis 49:13; c. עַל, by Judges 5:17; Jeremiah 51:13; upon Psalms 37:29; על פני Genesis 16:12 (J); c. עִם with Psalms 120:5, Psalms 120:6; c. acc. Proverbs 2:21 Jeremiah 17:6 + 5 times; מִן … עַד Genesis 25:18 (J); שֹׁכְנֵי אָ֑רֶץ Isaiah 18:3 (‖ ישְׁבֵי תֵבֵל).

of the dead: שֹׁכְנֵי עָפָר Isaiah 26:19 (‖ רְפָאִים); cf. Job 26:5 (‖ id.), so mortals, שֹׁכְנֵי בָתֵּי חֹמֶר Job 4:19; שׁ׳ דוּמָה Psalms 94:17 (i.e. שׁאול).

of God: שׁ׳ בָּֽעֲרָפֶל I Kings 8:12 = II Chronicles 6:1 (poem); מָרוֹם Isaiah 33:5; עַד Isaiah 57:15; מָרוֹם וְקָדוֹשׁ v Isaiah 33:15; שׁ׳ סְנֶה Deuteronomy 33:16 (theoph.); בְּאָֽהֳלֵי־שֵׁם Genesis 9:27 (J, v. Br^{MP 82}; al. Japheth subj.); בְּתוֹכָם Exodus 25:8; Exodus 29:46; Numbers 5:3 (all P), Ezekiel 43:9; c. בְּתוֹךְ elsewhere Exodus 29:45 (P) + 6 times; ב loc. Psalms 85:10; later בְּצִיּוֹן Joel 4:17, Joel 4:21; בְּהַר צִיּוֹן Isaiah 8:18; Psalms 68:17, Psalms 68:19 (abs.) + 4 times; שֹׁכֵן יְרוּשָׁלַםִ Psalms 135:21.

things: אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד, c. את Leviticus 16:16 (P); מִשְׁכַּן י׳ שָׁם Joshua 22:19 (P); אוֹר Job 38:19.

abstr. subj.: מִשְׁפָּט Isaiah 32:16 (בַּמִּדְבָּר); חָכְמָה, c. acc. עָרְמָה Proverbs 8:12.

Pf. 3 ms. שִׁכֵּן Psalms 78:60; 1 s. שִׁכַּנְתִּי Jeremiah 7:7, Jeremiah 7:12; Impf. 1 s. אֲשַׁכְּנָה Jeremiah 7:3; Inf. cstr. שַׁכֵּן Numbers 14:30 + 7 times; sf. שַׁכְּנוֹ Deuteronomy 12:5 (so read for MT לְשִׁכְנוֹ, cf. Kö^{ii. 1. 21});—

make settle down, establish: אֹהֶל שׁ׳ בָּֽאָדָֽם Psalms 78:60; especially in Dt, לְשַׁכֵּן שְׁמוֹ שָׁם establish his name there (cf. šakan šuma as Canaanism Wkl^{TelAm. 138 Rev. 20; 181. 6}) Deuteronomy 12:11; Deuteronomy 14:23; Deuteronomy 16:2, Deuteronomy 16:6, Deuteronomy 16:11; Deuteronomy 26:2, cf. Jeremiah 7:12 Nehemiah 1:9; + לָשׂוּם אֶת־שְׁמוֹ שָׁם לְשִׁכְנוֹ Deuteronomy 12:5 (read לְשַׁכְּנוֹ).

make to dwell: c. acc. pers., ב loc., Numbers 14:30 (J) Jeremiah 7:3, Jeremiah 7:7.

Pf. 1 s. הִשְׁכַּ֫נְתִּי Ezekiel 32:4; Impf. 3 ms. juss. יַשְׁכֵּן Psalms 7:6, וַיַּשְׁכֵּן Genesis 3:24 Psalms 78:55, etc.;—

lay, כבודי לעפר Psalms 7:6 lay my honour in the dust (of death); place, set, Genesis 3:24 (J); place, establish, אהל מועד at Shilo Joshua 18:1 (P).

cause birds to settle, עַל Ezekiel 32:4.

cause to dwell, c. acc. pers., ב loc., Psalms 78:55; cf. Job 11:14.

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שָׁכֵן

adj. inhabitant, neighbour;—שׁ׳ Isaiah 33:24 +; cstr. שְׁכַן Hosea 10:5; sf. שְׁכֵנוֹ Exodus 12:4; שְׁכֵנָ֑יִכְי֯ II Kings 4:3, etc.; f. sf. שְׁכֶנְתָּהּ Exodus 3:22; fpl. שְׁכֵנוֹת Ruth 4:17;—

inhabitant, Isaiah 33:24 Hosea 10:5.

neighbour: woman Exodus 3:22 (E); pl. Ruth 4:17; man Exodus 12:4 (P) Jeremiah 6:21; Proverbs 27:10, pl. II Kings 4:3; of places Deuteronomy 1:7; nations, to Judah Ezekiel 16:26 Psalms 79:12; הֶרְפָּה לִשְׁכֵנֵי(נוּ) Psalms 44:14; Psalms 79:4, cf. Psalms 31:12; Psalms 89:42; מָדוֹן לשׁ׳ Psalms 80:7; to Edom Jeremiah 49:10; to Sodom v Jeremiah 49:18; Jeremiah 50:40; to י׳ Jeremiah 11:14 (because to people).

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שָׁכַר

vb. be, or become, drunk, drunken (NH id., der. spec. and deriv.; Ecclus Ben Sira 40:18, Ben Sira 40:20 שכר strong drink; Arabic سَكِرَ be drunken, also be full, سَكَرَ fill; Assyrian šikaru, = שֵׁכָר, šakkûru, drunken, perhaps also vb. šakâru; Ethiopic ሰክረ: Aramaic שִׁכְרָא, ܫܰܟܪܳܐ = שֵׁכָר, especially date-wine (Löw ^{p. 125}), cf. ܫܟܰܪ be drunken, usually (der. spec.) defile, deform, etc.; from שֵׁכָר, Egyptian ṯà-k-ï̥ra WMM^{As. u. Eur. 102}, Gk. σίκερα Lewy^{Fremdw. 81});—

Pf. 3 pl. שָֽׁכְרוּ Isaiah 29:9; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁכָּ֑ר Genesis 9:21, 3 mpl. יִשְׁכָּר֑וּן Isaiah 49:26, etc.; Imv. mpl. שִׁכְרוּ Jeremiah 25:27 Song of Songs 5:1; Inf. cstr. לְשָׁכְרָה Haggai 1:6; Pt. pass. שְׁכֻרַת Isaiah 51:21 (Ges^{§ 130 b} Lag^{BN 60});—become drunken Genesis 9:21 (J), of social drinking Genesis 43:34 (J), Song of Songs 5:1, token of plenty Haggai 1:6; fig. of nations staggering helplessly under calamity Jeremiah 25:27; Jeremiah 51:21 (וְלֹא מִיָּ֑יִן), Nahum 3:11; of infatuation Isaiah 29:9 (וְלֹא יַיִן), of disgrace Lamentations 4:21, self-destruction, כֶּעָסִיס דָּמָם יִשׁ׳ Isaiah 49:26.

make drunken: Impf. 3 ms. sf. וַיְשַׁכְּרֵהוּ II Samuel 11:13, lit.; fig. 1 s. (sf. of people) וַאֲשַׁכְּרֵם (read וָ׳) Isaiah 63:6 (subj. י׳) I made them drunk in my wrath (but MSS Ges Hi Ew Che Kit Marti al. וָאֲשַׁבְּרֵם I brake them in pieces); Pt. fs., of Bab., מְשַׁכֶּרֶת כָּל־הָאָרֶץ Jeremiah 51:7; cf. Inf. abs. שַׁכֵּר Habakkuk 2:15 (i. e. terrorizing nations; read prob. הַשְׁקֵה וְאַף שׁ׳ We Now).

id.: Pf. 1 s. וְהִשְׁכַּרְתִּ֫י Jeremiah 51:57 (subj. י׳) i.e. make princes helpless, וְהִשְׁכַּרְתִּים v Jeremiah 51:39; Imv. mpl. sf. הַשְׁכִּירֻהוּ, obj. Moab, i.e. make helpless and disgraced Jeremiah 48:26; Impf. 1 s. אַשְׁכִּיר חִצַּי מִדָּם Deuteronomy 32:42.—Ruben^{JQ xi (1899), 446} proposes מַשְׁכִּירוֹת Hosea 7:5 for משׁך ידו את.

Impf. 2 fs. תִּשְׁתַּכָּרִין I Samuel 1:14 how long wilt thou make thyself drunken [a drunken spectacle]?

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שֵׁכָר

n.[m.] intoxicating drink, strong drink (Ba^{NB § 71});—always שׁ׳ abs.; usually ‖ יַיִן (except Psalms 69:13): Isaiah 29:9; usually condemned, Isaiah 5:11, Isaiah 5:22; Isaiah 28:7^(×3); Isaiah 56:12 (נִסְבְּאָה שׁ׳), Micah 2:11; I Samuel 1:15; Proverbs 20:1; forbidden to priests on duty Leviticus 10:9 (P); not for princes Proverbs 31:4; nor Nazirite Numbers 6:3; Judges 13:4, Judges 13:7, Judges 13:14, cf. חֹמֶץ שׁ׳ Numbers 6:3; שׁוֹתֵי שׁ׳ Psalms 69:13 drunkards; but שׁ׳ as common drink Deuteronomy 29:5 (opp. to miraculous), allowable in sacrif. meal Deuteronomy 14:26, commended for weak and weary Proverbs 31:6; נֶסֶךְ שׁ׳ Numbers 28:7 (P; for יַיִן v Numbers 28:14 +); v. further Kennedy^{Ency. Bib. iv. 5309 f.}.—On form cf. Lag^{M ii. 357;BN 51}.

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שִׁכֹּר

adj. drunken (Ba^{NB § 134 b});—abs. שִׁכֹּר I Samuel 25:36, שִׁכּוֹר I Kings 16:9 +, f. שִׁכֹּרָה I Samuel 1:13, pl. שִׁכּוֹרִים Joel 1:5, cstr. שִׁכֹּרֵי Isaiah 28:1; Isaiah 28:3;—drunken: I Samuel 25:36, אִישׁ שׁ׳ Jeremiah 23:9, שֹׁתֶה שׁ׳ I Kings 16:9 drinking (and) drunken, I Kings 20:16; as subst. = drunken one, drunkard Isaiah 28:1, Isaiah 28:3 Proverbs 26:9, pl. Joel 1:5 (‖ שֹׁתֵי יַיִן); in sim. Isaiah 19:14; Job 12:25 Psalms 107:27, and (of earth) Isaiah 24:20; f. of drunken woman I Samuel 1:13.

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שִׁכָּרוֹן

n.[m.] drunkenness;—שׁ׳ only fig.: Jeremiah 13:13; Ezekiel 23:33 (Co Berthol Krae שִׁבָּרוֹן, not Toy), both of bewilderment and helplessness under calamity; from drinking blood Ezekiel 39:19.—Vid. Lag^{BN 202, cf. 199}.

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שֶׁ֫לֶג

n.m.^{Isaiah 55:10} snow;—abs. שׁ׳ Isaiah 1:18 +, שָׁ֑לֶג Exodus 4:6 +; cstr. שֶׁ֫לֶג Jeremiah 18:14;—snow, II Samuel 23:20 (יוֹם הַשּׁ׳) = I Chronicles 11:22, Job 6:16; Job 37:6 (‖ גֶּשֶׁם מָטָר), Psalms 147:16; Psalms 148:8 (+ אֵשׁ, בָּרָד, קִיטוֹר); מֵימֵי שׁ׳ Job 24:19, cf. Job 9:30 Qr (בְּמֵי, < Qr בְּמוֹ De Di Bu al., snow as purifying; v. also [מַי]); poet. אֹצְרוֹת שׁ׳ Job 38:22 (‖ א׳ בָּרָד; symb. of cold Proverbs 31:21; as moistening, fertilizing Isaiah 55:10 (‖ גֶּשֶׁם); on mountains, fig. of normal habit, שׁ׳ לְבָנוֹן Jeremiah 18:14; sim. of whiteness, of leprosy Exodus 4:6 (J), Numbers 12:10 (E), II Kings 5:27; c. מִן comp., of fair skin Lamentations 4:7 (‖ חָלָב); sim. of sins, כַּשּׁ׳ יַלְבִּינוּ Isaiah 1:18, cf. Psalms 51:9 (מִן comp.); sim. of refreshment Proverbs 25:13 (drink cooled by snow, v. reff. in De Toy), of the unfitting כַּשּׁ׳ בַּקַיִץ Proverbs 26:1 (‖ מָטָר).—On snow in Pal. v. Nicol^{Hast. DB snow}.

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שָׁלָה

vb. be quiet, at ease (Ecclus Ben Sira 47:13 שלוה prosperity, 41:^lc שליו prosperous, at ease; ܫܠܴܐ be tranquil, quiet, cease; 𝔗 שְׁלָא, שְׁלִי be at ease, then be careless, thoughtless, go astray [for Heb. שָׁגָה, שָׁגַג

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שָׁ֫לוּ

n.[m.

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שֵׁלָה

v. שְׁאֵלָה.

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שֵׁלָה²

n.pr.m. son of Judah, Σηλωμ[ν]: Genesis 38:5, Genesis 38:11, Genesis 38:14, Genesis 38:26 (J), Genesis 46:12 (P); Numbers 26:20 (P), I Chronicles 2:3; I Chronicles 4:21.

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שָׁלֵו

(Lag^{BN 43}), שָׁלֵיו, שְׁלֵיו adj. quiet, at ease;—

of pers. at ease, שָׁלֵו Job 16:12, שָׁלֵיו Job 21:23 (Kö^{ii. 1, 83}); of nation, שְׁלֵיו (poss. diminutive Kö^{ii. 1. 144}) Jeremiah 49:31 (‖ יוֹשֵׁב לָבֶטַח); prosperous, of city fs. שְׁלִוָה Zechariah 7:7; of wicked, mpl. cstr. וְשַׁלְוֵי עוֹלָם Psalms 73:12 (Renan^{H. iii. 131} proposes יִשְׁלָיוּ עֲוִילִים).

of land, quiet, שְׁלֵוָה I Chronicles 4:40 (‖ שֹׁקֶטֶת).

in לֹא יָדַע שָׁלֵו בְּבִטְנוֹ Job 20:20 שׁ׳ is appar. n.abstr. quiet, ease, so Di De al., read שַׁלְוָה Siegf Bu, Du (after 𝔊) לֹא שָׁלֵו בְּמַטְמֹנוֹ; שָׁלֵו Ezekiel 23:42 is corrupt, Hi Co Berthol (cf. Da) שָׁרוּ sang, Toy שָׁרִים, Krae שִׁרִים.

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שַׁלְוָה

n.f. quietness, ease;—abs. שׁ׳ Psalms 122:7 +; cstr. שַׁלְוַת Ezekiel 16:49; Proverbs 1:32; pl. sf. שַׁלְוֹתַ֫יִךְ Jeremiah 22:21 (< שַׁלְוָתֵךְ Vrss Gie);—quietness, peace, Proverbs 17:1 (opp. רִיב), Psalms 122:7 (‖ שָׁלוֹם); ease, careless security, Ezekiel 16:49 (שַׁלְוַת הַשְׁקֵט), Proverbs 1:32; prosperity, Jeremiah 22:21; בְּשׁ׳ in (time of) security (of sudden attack), if not unawares Daniel 8:25; Daniel 11:21, Daniel 11:24 (Thes Ew Hi Ke al.); cf. ܡܶܢ ܣܒܶܠܝ lit. out of quiet, i.e. suddenly, unawares (e.g. The Book of Maccabees I (Kahana Translation) 1:30 = ἐξάπινα), מִן שִׁלְיָא 𝔗 Proverbs 3:25; Proverbs 6:15 (= פִּתְאֹם), Psalms 30:7 v. [שָׁ֫לוּ].

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שָׁלָה²

vb. draw out, extract (si vera l.; = שָׁלַל; Syriac ܫܠܴܐ (e.g. Exodus 2:10), 𝔗^Jer שְׁלִי (e.g. Leviticus 11:17));—

Impf. 3 ms. apoc. (Ges§ ^{109 k}) כִּי יֵ֫שֶׁל אֱלוֹהַּ נַפְשׁוֹ Job 27:8 (De); < read יָשֹׁל, or יִשַּׁל (√ שׁלל) Di; Schnurrer We Siegf Bu Du יִשְׁאַל demandeth; Perles^{Anal. 48} יִשָּׂא אֶל־אֱלוֹהַּ.

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שִׁלוֹ

n.pr.loc. (orig. שִׁלוֹן, v. adj.gent. (otherwise Ba^{NB § 224 b}), which also shews that √ שׁול, שׁיל, was posited when text of K was fixed, cf. Dr II Samuel 15:12);—שִׁלוֹ Judges 21:19; I Samuel 1:24; I Samuel 3:21; I Samuel 14:3; Jeremiah 7:14 (on destruction of S. v. We II Samuel 8:17), Jeremiah 26:9; Jeremiah 41:5, מִשְׁכַּן שׁ׳ Psalms 78:60; שִׁילוֹ Judges 21:21^(×2); Jeremiah 7:12; שִׁלֹה Joshua 18:1, Joshua 18:8, Joshua 18:9, Joshua 18:10; Joshua 19:51; Joshua 21:2; Joshua 22:9, Joshua 22:12 (all P or R), Judges 18:31; Judges 21:12; I Samuel 1:3, I Samuel 1:9; I Samuel 2:14; I Samuel 3:21; I Samuel 4:3, I Samuel 4:4, I Samuel 4:12; I Kings 2:27; I Kings 14:2, I Kings 14:4; Jeremiah 26:6 (var. שִׁלוֹ in all these [21 times] given by Gi as Qr).—Σηλωμ, Σηλω(ν).—Mod. Seilûn, c. 9½ m. NNE. of Bethel, Buhl^{G. 178} Dr^{Hast.DB shiloh}. Also תַּאֲנַתשִׁלֹה; s. p. 1061.

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שַׁלְהֶ֫בֶת²

v. p. 529a supr.

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שָׁלַח

vb. send (NH id.; Ecclus Ben Sira 48:18 +; Aramaic שְׁלַח, ܫܠܰܚ, So^Buhl Ba^{ES 41} cp. Arabic سَرَحَ (r = l), send forth, drive cattle to pasture, send messenger, etc., but then diff. √ for i. שֶׁלַח, Arabic سِلَاحٌ, سِلَحٌ weapon; Assyrian prob. šalû (send, hurl?), whence tešlîtu, command);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Genesis 42:4 +, 2 ms. sf. שְׁלַחְתָּ֑נִי Exodus 5:22, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁלַח Genesis 3:22 +, 2 fpl. תִּשְׁלַ֫חְנָה Ezekiel 23:40 (Judges 5:26 read תִּשְׁלָחֶנָּה? Obadiah 1:3 תִּשְׁלַח יָד? Ges^{§ 47 k}); Imv. ms. שְׁלַח I Samuel 20:31 +, mpl. שְׁלָ֑חוּ II Kings 2:17; Inf. abs. שָׁל(וֹ)חַ Numbers 22:37 +; cstr. שְׁלֹחַ v Numbers 22:15 +, שְׁלַח Isaiah 58:9, sf. שָׁלְחֶ֑ךָ Genesis 38:17, etc.; Pt. act. שֹׁלֵחַ Exodus 9:14 +, etc.; שָׁלוּחַ I Kings 14:6 +, etc.;—

send: human subj., especially

acc. pers. Genesis 42:4; Genesis 43:8 (both J; c. אֵת with, pers.) Numbers 22:15 (E) + often, c. ל rei for which Jeremiah 14:3; Jeremiah 16:16; sq. אֶל pers. Genesis 37:13 (J), II Samuel 11:6; Nehemiah 6:5 +; rarely c. ל pers. Genesis 32:19 (J; pass.), אֶל loc. II Chronicles 16:4, ב loc. I Samuel 11:3, acc. loc. II Kings 22:3, -ה loc. I Kings 5:28, -ה loc. + מֵעַל pers. II Samuel 13:17, מִן loc. Genesis 37:14 (J), Numbers 13:3 (P), etc.; sq. inf. purpose I Samuel 25:14 (+ מִן loc.), II Kings 1:16 Jeremiah 40:14 +, אֶל pers. c. inf. purpose II Samuel 10:3; Jeremiah 42:9 +, c. ו subord. II Kings 5:6, c. vb. fin. actionis Exodus 2:5 (E), sent her maid and took, +, etc. (many combinations); acc. pers. alone Exodus 24:5 (E), Joshua 7:22 (E), II Samuel 10:7 + often

less often acc. rei (sometimes c. בְּיַד of agent), c. אֶל pers. I Samuel 16:20; II Kings 5:5; II Kings 20:12 +, I Kings 5:23 (= designate by sending unto), ל pers. Judges 3:15; I Kings 5:22 +, אֶל loc. Esther 1:22, שָׁ֫מָּה II Kings 6:14; + inf. purpose I Chronicles 19:4; Esther 4:4; + vb. fin. action. Psalms 105:28; acc. of kid, alone, Genesis 38:23 also (acc. om.) v Genesis 38:17, etc.

very often without obj.: + vb. fin. action., send and do so and so, Genesis 27:45 (E), II Kings 11:4; Job 1:5 +; c. אֶל pers. Hosea 5:13; II Samuel 11:6 +, especially + לֵאמֹר Genesis 38:25 (J), I Kings 20:5 (often S K), Jeremiah 29:28 +; c. inf. purpose Genesis 32:6 (J), Numbers 21:32 (J), I Samuel 22:11 +, etc. (and so I Samuel 31:9, reading וַיִּשְׁלְחוּ, for Pi., Th We Dr Now, not HPS Bu); abs. II Kings 2:16, II Kings 2:17; II Samuel 14:29; = send to inquire I Kings 20:17, etc.

send: subj. י׳ (God),

acc. pers. Genesis 45:5 (E; לִפְנֵי pers.), I Samuel 15:18 (בְּדָ֑רֶךְ), + אֶל pers. II Samuel 12:1; acc. of angel, לִפְנֵי pers. Genesis 24:7; Exodus 33:2 (both J), אֵת with Genesis 24:40 (J), etc.; c. acc. pers. = commission Exodus 3:12 (E), Judges 6:14; Isaiah 6:8; Jeremiah 14:14, Jeremiah 14:15 + often Je, Zechariah 2:13 +; also (c. אֶל pers.) Exodus 3:13 (E), Jeremiah 25:4; Ezekiel 3:6 +, etc.; especially of sending prophet, (שָׁלַח), הַשְׁכֵּם וְשָׁלוֹחַ Jeremiah 7:25 + (v. [שָׁכַם]); acc. pers. + inf. purpose I Samuel 15:1; Jeremiah 19:14 +; + עַד loc. II Kings 2:2, acc. loc. v II Kings 2:4, ה—ָ loc. v II Kings 2:6, etc.

c. acc. rei, plagues Exodus 9:14 (c. אֶל־לֵב, ב pers.), fig. arrows II Samuel 22:15 = Psalms 18:15 (+ vb. fin. action.), Psalms 144:6, cf. Jeremiah 25:16 al.; his word Isaiah 9:7 (ב gent.), Isaiah 55:11 (אשׁר to which), Zechariah 7:12 (ב agent.), Psalms 107:20 (+ vb. fin. action.), Psalms 147:15 (+ acc. אֶרֶץ); acc. help Psalms 20:3 (מִן loc.), light and truth Psalms 43:3 (+ vb. fin. action.), cf. Psalms 57:4.

stretch out, especially acc. hand:

human subj., c. ב pers. against, Genesis 37:22 (E), I Samuel 24:11; Esther 2:21 +; c. ב rei (property of others) Exodus 22:7, Exodus 22:10 (E), Esther 9:10 +, בַּחַלָּמִישׁ Job 28:9; c. אֶל pers. against Genesis 22:12 (E), II Samuel 18:12, עַל pers. I Kings 13:4, etc.; אֶל rei (for good) II Samuel 6:6 (יָד om.); from outside, inward, Song of Songs 5:4 (מִן loc.); abs. Job 30:24 (read טֹבֵעַ for בְּעִי Di Bi Bu). + inf. purpose I Samuel 22:17; II Samuel 1:14; I Chronicles 13:9; + vb. fin. act. Genesis 3:22 (J) Deuteronomy 25:11; Judges 15:15 +; שׁ׳ אֶצְבַּע Isaiah 58:9, in token of scorn; c. acc. of rod I Samuel 14:27; שִׁלֳחוּ מַגָּל Joel 4:13 stretch out (the) sickle.

י׳ subj., acc. hand, + אֶל pers. against Exodus 24:11 (E), cf. (עַל) Psalms 138:7; + vb. fin. act. †Exodus 3:20 (JE), Exodus 9:15 (J), Job 1:11; Job 2:5; in favour, Jeremiah 1:9, abs. Psalms 144:7 (מִן loc.), also (pass.) Ezekiel 2:9 and (acc. תַּבְנִית יָד), Ezekiel 8:3.

acc. hand, subj. angel, + acc. loc., inf. purpose II Samuel 24:16, cherub, אֶל rei, מִן loc. Ezekiel 10:7; adversary, אֶל pers. Job 1:12; subj. angle, acc. rod Judges 6:21.

stretched out, slender, of tree Genesis 49:21 (poem in J), v. i. אֵלָה supr. p. 18b.

perhaps extend, direct, acc. rei Ezekiel 8:17 (v. זְמוֹרָה supr. p. 274b, also conj. in Toy Krae).

rarely send away (v. Pi.): human subj., acc. pers. Judges 11:38 (+ acc. temp.), Genesis 28:5 (P).

let loose (v. Pi.), perhaps only Psalms 50:19 (fig.) thy mouth hast thou let loose in evil.

Inf. abs. וְנִשְׁלוֹחַ סְפָרִים = letters were sent (Ges^{§ 114 z gg}) Esther 3:13 (+ אֶל pers., בְּיַד agent., inf. purpose).

Pf. 3 ms. שִׁלַּח Exodus 8:28 +, sf. שִׁלַּחֲךָ I Samuel 20:22, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׁלַּח Jeremiah 3:1 +, יְשַׁלֵּ֑חַ Isaiah 45:13; Proverbs 6:14; 1 s. sf. אֲשַׁלֵּחֲךָ Genesis 32:27, אֲשַׁלְּחֶ֫ךָּ II Samuel 11:12 I Kings 20:34, etc.; Imv. ms. שַׁלַּח Exodus 4:23 +, etc.; Inf. abs. Deuteronomy 22:7 I Kings 11:22; cstr. שַׁלַּח Genesis 8:10 +, שַׁלֵּ֑חַ Exodus 7:27 +, etc.; Pt. מְשַׁלֵּחַ Genesis 43:4 +, etc.;—

send off, away, human subj.:

acc. pers. + ל loc. Joshua 24:28 (E), Judges 7:8; I Samuel 10:25 +; + ל pers. Jeremiah 48:12; + -ה loc. Judges 12:9 and (c. inf. purpose) Genesis 28:6 (P); acc. of goat, לַעֲזָאזֵל Leviticus 16:10 (-ה loc.), v Leviticus 16:26; send out, different ways, acc. pers., ב loc. Judges 19:29; Judges 20:6; send into exile, י׳ subj., c. מִן loc. Jeremiah 24:5, -ה loc. Jeremiah 29:20.

send away, dismiss, acc. pers. Genesis 21:14 (E), Genesis 25:6 (J; מֵעַל pers.), II Samuel 13:16 +; specif., c. acc. of wife (= divorce), Deuteronomy 22:19, Deuteronomy 22:29; Deuteronomy 24:1, Deuteronomy 24:3; Jeremiah 3:1 +, abs. Malachi 2:16.

send away empty (-handed) רֵיקָם, + acc. pers. Genesis 31:41 (E), Deuteronomy 15:13; Job 22:9.

send off, give a ‘send-off’ (sometimes escort part way), acc. pers., Genesis 18:16; Genesis 24:59; Genesis 31:27 (all J), I Samuel 9:26; II Samuel 19:32; II Kings 5:24; II Kings 6:23; Obadiah 1:7.

acc. rei I Samuel 6:8 Nehemiah 8:12 +, c. acc. loc. I Samuel 5:10; I Samuel 6:3, אֶל pers. Jeremiah 27:3, etc.

send away, subj. י׳, acc. pers. Genesis 19:29 (J; מִתּוֹךְ), I Kings 9:7 (מֵעַל פְּנֵי).

give over, acc. pers. Psalms 81:13 (ב of evil).

cast out, acc. pers. Jeremiah 28:16 (מֵעַל־פְּנֵי), Leviticus 18:24; Leviticus 20:23 (both מִפְּנֵי).

send out, forth, send on a mission, especially of י׳, c. acc. of hornet Deuteronomy 7:20, cf. Deuteronomy 28:20; Deuteronomy 32:24 (all ב pers.), serpents Numbers 21:6 (E; ב pers.), lions II Kings 17:25, II Kings 17:26 (both id.), foes II Kings 24:2^(×2) (+ inf. purpose); pestilence Amos 4:10; Ezekiel 28:23 (ב pers.), etc.; also springs into (ב) channel Psalms 104:10.

let go, set free (sometimes c. חָפְשִׁי) Exodus 4:23; Exodus 5:2^(×2) (all JE), II Samuel 3:21, II Samuel 3:23, II Samuel 3:24 +; = cease to abuse Judges 19:25; + inf. purpose Genesis 24:56 (J), Exodus 5:1 (E; + 10 times Ex), I Samuel 5:11; c. acc. of bird Genesis 8:7, Genesis 8:8 (+ מֵאִתּוֹ) +; + עַל־פְּנֵי הַשָּׂדֶה Leviticus 14:7, cf. v Leviticus 14:53 (both P); = let loose, acc. of beast, Exodus 22:4 (E), Leviticus 16:22 (ב loc.); acc. of bridle Job 30:11 (fig.); metaph. of strife Proverbs 6:14, Proverbs 6:19; Proverbs 16:28; let loose waters, subj. י׳, Job 12:15.

shoot forth branches, Jeremiah 17:8 Psalms 80:12 Ezekiel 31:5 (but v. i. שֶׁלַח 2); cf. of locks (פֶּרַע) Ezekiel 44:20 = let grow long.

let down, acc. pers. Jeremiah 38:6 (ב instr.), acc. rei v Jeremiah 38:11 (id. + אֶל pers. et loc.).

shoot (acc. of arrow om.), לְשַׁ׳ לִי לְמַטָּרָה I Samuel 20:20.

phrases: שִׁלַּח (אֶת־)הָעִיר בָּאֵשׁ †Judges 1:8; Judges 20:48, cf. II Kings 8:12 Psalms 74:7; but also שׁ׳ אֵשׁ בְּ †Amos 1:4, Amos 1:7, Amos 1:10, Amos 1:12; Amos 2:2, Amos 2:5; Hosea 8:14; Ezekiel 39:6; rare expressions are: וַיְשַׁלְּחֵם בְּיַד־פִּשְׁעָם Job 8:4 (God subj.); stretch out hand, ב rei (for use) Proverbs 31:19, ל pers. (charity) v Proverbs 31:20; חֶבְלֵיהֶם תְּשַׁלַּחְנָה Job 39:3 (of hinds, bearing); שַׁלַּח לַחְמְךָ עַל־פְּנֵי הַמָּ֑יִם Ecclesiastes 11:1.—רַגְלַי שִׁלֵּ֑חוּ Job 30:12 is corrupt; Theod Ew Di רַגְלָם שִׁלֵּ֑חוּ; Me Bu Be al. dittogr. from v Job 30:11 b.

Pf. 3 ms. שֻׁלַּח Judges 5:15; Job 18:8, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְשֻׁלַּח Proverbs 17:11; Pt. מְשֻׁלָּח Isaiah 16:2 +;—be sent off (started on journey) Genesis 44:3 (J); with commission, ב pers. Obadiah 1:1; Proverbs 17:11, אֶל pers. Daniel 10:11; be put away, divorced, of wife Isaiah 50:1 (fig.); be impelled (?), בְּרַגְלָיו (= at his heels?), c. ב loc. Judges 5:15 (vb. dub.), cf. שֻׁלַּח בְּרֶשֶׁת בְּרַגְלָיו Job 18:8 he is hurried into the net with his feet (? 𝔊 Du שֻׁלְּחָה רַגְלוֹ); קֵן מְשֻׁלָּח Isaiah 16:2 a driven (scattered) nest (‖ עוֹף נוֹדֵד), cf. נָוֶה מְשׁ׳ וְנֶעֱזָב כַּמִּדְבָּר Isaiah 27:10; נַעַר מְשׁ׳ Proverbs 29:15 a boy let loose (unrestrained).

Pf. 1 s. וְהִשְׁלַחְתִּ֫י and I (י׳) will send famine, בָּאָרֶץ Amos 8:11, cf. Ezekiel 14:13, wild beasts; ב pers. Leviticus 26:22 (H); Pt. מַשְׁלִיחַ, acc. of flies, ב pers. Exodus 8:17 (J); Inf. cstr. לְהַשְׁלִיחַ, acc. of foe, ב gent. II Kings 15:37.

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שֶׁ֫לַח

n.[m.] missile, weapon, sprout (late);—abs. שׁ׳ Joel 2:8 +, שָׁ֑לַח Nehemiah 4:11 Job 33:18, sf. שִׁלְחוֹ Nehemiah 4:17; pl. שְׁלָחִים II Chronicles 23:10, etc.;—

missile, weapon, Nehemiah 4:11 and v Nehemiah 4:17 (where הַמַּיִם corrupt; read probably בִּימִינוֹ or בְּיָדוֹ; v. Ryle Be-Ry Berthol), II Chronicles 23:10 (disting. from חֲנִית, מָגֵן); coll. II Chronicles 32:5 and עָבַר בַּשׁ׳ Job 33:18; Job 36:12 (perish by or < rush upon [and perish]), Joel 2:8 (v. בְּעַד).

sprout, shoot (cf. [שְׁלוּחָה], and √ Psalms 80:12 Jeremiah 17:8), שְׁלָחַיִךְ פַּרְדֵּס Song of Songs 4:13 (fig.; meaning? Perles^{Anal. 63} proposes שְׁנֵי לְחָיַיִךְ thy two cheeks); + prob. Ezekiel 31:5 (read בִּשְׁלָחָיו Co Toy al., or בְּשִׁלְחֵי [with v Ezekiel 31:6] Krae).

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שֶׁ֫לַח²

n.pr.m. son of Arphachshad, Σαλα: שׁ׳ Genesis 10:24; Genesis 11:13, Genesis 11:14, Genesis 11:15; I Chronicles 1:18; שָׁ֑לַח Genesis 10:24; Genesis 11:12; I Chronicles 1:18, I Chronicles 1:24.

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שֶׁ֫לַח³

n.pr. in בְּרֵכַת הַשּׁ׳ Nehemiah 3:15 = שִׁלֹחַ.

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שִׁלְחִי

n.pr.m. father of Jehoshaphat’s mothers;—I Kings 22:42 = II Chronicles 20:31; Σεμεει, Σαλαλα, Σαλει, etc.

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שִׁלּוּחִים

n.[m.]pl. sending away, parting gift;—

אַחַר שִׁלּוּחֶיהָ Exodus 18:2 (J) after she had been sent away.

שִׁלֻּחִים I Kings 9:16 he gave (city) as parting gift (i.e. dowry) to his daughter; cf. fig. שִׁלּוּחִים Micah 1:14 thou shalt give a parting gift (= say farewell to, lose) Morešeth of Gath.

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שֻׁלְחָן

n.m. Exodus 25:23 table (on form of word cf. GFM^l.c.; proposes (v. supr.) skin or leather mat spread on ground, v. also, on early Sem. ‘table,’ Thes¹⁴¹⁷ We^{Skizzen iv. 157} RS^{Sem i. 184; 2nd ed. 201} Kennedy^{Ency. Bib. iii. 2991});—abs. שׁ׳ I Samuel 20:34 +; cstr. שֻׁלְחַן I Kings 5:7 +; sf. שֻׁלְחָנִי Judges 1:7 +, etc.; pl. שֻׁלְחָנוֹת Isaiah 28:8 +, cstr. שֻׁלְחֲנוֹת I Chronicles 28:16^(×2);—

table for king’s repast Judges 1:7 (c. תַּחַת), I Samuel 20:29, I Samuel 20:34; II Samuel 9:11 (read שׁ׳ דָּוִד 𝔊 Th We Dr and mod.), v II Samuel 9:13; II Samuel 19:29; I Kings 2:7; I Kings 5:1; I Kings 18:19; I Kings 10:5 = II Chronicles 9:4, cf. Isaiah 21:5 (c. עָרַךְ (q.v. 1 c) arrange); c. עַל II Samuel 9:7, II Samuel 9:10, II Samuel 9:11 Daniel 11:27; for governor Nehemiah 5:17 (c. עַל).

for private use I Kings 13:20 (c. אֶל), Job 36:16 Psalms 23:5 (fig., c. עָרַךְ), cf. Psalms 78:19 (id.), Psalms 128:3, also (in bedroom) II Kings 4:10; of revellers Isaiah 28:8, cf. Psalms 69:23 (fig.), of wisdom (fig.), of wisdom (fig.) Proverbs 9:2.

especially Ez P for sacred uses: in tab. Exodus 25:23 + 17 times Exodus 25:25-40, Numbers 3:31, שֻׁלְחַן הַפָּנִים Numbers 4:7 (cf. II Chronicles 29:18 infr.); הַשּׁ׳ הַטָּהֹר Leviticus 24:6 (cf. II Chronicles 13:11 infr.); in Sol.’s temple I Kings 7:48; II Chronicles 29:18, also (10 in no.) II Chronicles 4:8, II Chronicles 4:19; II Chronicles 13:11, cf. I Chronicles 28:16^(×4), also Ezekiel 23:41 (c. עָרַךְ); in Ezekiel’s temple Ezekiel 40:39^(×2) + 6 times Ezekiel 40 (Ezekiel 40:8 in no.), Ezekiel 40:42 (of stone, 4 in no.); like altar Ezekiel 41:22, = altar of burnt-offering Ezekiel 44:16; in second temple, שֻׁלְחַן י׳ Malachi 1:7, שׁ׳ אֲדֹנָי v Malachi 1:12; for idolatrous meal Isaiah 65:11; fig. of י׳’s sacrif. feast Ezekiel 39:20 (eschatol.).

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שָׁלַט

vb. domineer, be master of (late) (NH id.; Assyrian šalâṭu, have power; Arabic سَلُطَ overcome, prevail; سَلِيطٌ strong, hard, سُلْطَانٌ dominion, also ruler, sultan; Ethiopic ሠለጠ: Aramaic שְׁלַט, ܫܠܰܛ (especially der. spec.), Nab. שלט, שלטון);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Ecclesiastes 8:9, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁלַט Ecclesiastes 2:19, etc.; Inf. cstr. שְׁלוֹט Esther 9:1;—domineer, lord it over, עַל pers., Nehemiah 5:15; ב pers. Ecclesiastes 8:9 (לְרַע לוֹ); ב rei Ecclesiastes 2:19; become master of, ב pers. Esther 9:1^(×2).

give power of: Pf. 3 ms. sf. pers. וְהִשְׁלִיטוֹ לֶאֱכֹל Ecclesiastes 5:18, so Impf. 3 ms. sf. יַשְׁלִיטֶנּוּ Ecclesiastes 6:2 (both subj. God).

= Qal, get mastery of: juss. 3 fs. אַל־תַּשְׁלֶט־בִּי כָּל־אָ֑וֶן Psalms 119:133.

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שַׁלִּיט

adj. having mastery, domineering;—

having mastery: אֵין אָדָם שׁ׳ בָּרוּחַ Ecclesiastes 8:8; elsewhere as subst. הַשּׁ׳ the ruler Ecclesiastes 10:5, so (c. עַל־הָאָרֶץ) Genesis 42:6 (prob. late substitution for original word of E); pl. as subst. שַׁלִּיטִים Ecclesiastes 7:19 (specif. of Alex.’s successors Perles^{Anal. 42}).

domineering, imperious, fs. (Kö^{ii 1. 201}) אִשָּׁה זוֹנָה שַׁלָּ֑טֶת Ezekiel 16:30 (Jerusalem personified).

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שִׁלְטוֹן

n.[m.] mastery (Lag^{BN 199});—Ecclesiastes 8:4, Ecclesiastes 8:8 (c. בְּ).

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שַׁלֶּ֫כֶת

n.f. felling of tree;—Isaiah 6:13.

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שַׁלֶּ֫כֶת²

n.pr. of a temple-gate, W. side (? gate of casting forth; yet cf. Kit);—I Chronicles 26:16.

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שָׁלַל

vb. draw out (Arabic سَلَّ draw, especially sword from scabbard, سَلِيلٌ drawn sword, new born child (cf. Frä ⁷⁵, but also Schulth^{Hom. Wurz. 80 f.}); Talm. שָׁלִיל, 𝔗 שְׁלִילָא embryo or abortion);—Impf. 2 mpl. + Inf. abs. שֹׁל־תָּשֹׁלּוּ לָהּ מִן וגו׳ Ruth 2:16 ye shall by all means draw out for her from the sheaves.

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שׁוֹלָל²

adj. in acc. c. as adv. (Ges^{§ 118o}) barefoot (appar. stripped as to walking; always c. הלך);—אֵילְכָה שׁוֹלָל וְעָרוֹם Micah 1:8 Qr I will go barefoot and naked (Kt שילל); מוֹלִיךְ יוֹעֲצִם שׁ׳ Job 12:17, cf. v Job 12:19.

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שָׁלַל²

vb. spoil, plunder (usually identif. with I. שׁ׳; NH id. (Jastr, cf. Dalm); Assyrian šalâlu id.; Hom^{Chr 33} cp. Sab. תֿלל plunder, connecting this with Arabic ثَلَّةٌ a flock of sheep (or goats); then 𝔗 שְׁלָלָא booty, and (rare) Syriac ܫܶܠܳܠ are loan-words);—

Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְשׁ׳ Ezekiel 26:12; 2 ms. שַׁלּוֹתָ Habakkuk 2:8, etc.; Impf. 3 mpl. sf. יְשָׁלּוּךָ v Habakkuk 2:8; cstr. לִשְׁלֹל Isaiah 10:6 +; Pt. pl. שֹׁלְלִים Zechariah 2:12, etc.;—spoil, plunder (usually ‖ בָּזַז), c. acc. cogn. שָׁלָל Isaiah 10:6; Ezekiel 29:19; Ezekiel 38:12, Ezekiel 38:13^(×2), acc. חַיִל wealth Ezekiel 26:12; acc. pers., שֹׁלְלִים Jeremiah 50:10; Habakkuk 2:8; Ezekiel 39:10, גּוֹיִם רַבִּים Habakkuk 2:8, cf. Zechariah 2:12. Hithpōʿ. Pf. 3 pl. אֶשְׁתּוֹלְלוּ אַבִּירֵי לֵב (א in אֶשְׁתּ׳ is Aramaic, or scribal error: Ges^{§ 54 a n., cf. 53 k}) Psalms 76:6 the stout of heart are spoiled; Pt. מִשְׁתּוֹלֵל Isaiah 59:15 he that departs from evil is one despoiled.

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שָׁלָל

n.m. I Samuel 30:16 prey, spoil, plunder, booty;—abs. שׁ׳ Genesis 49:27 +; cstr. שְׁלַל Judges 5:30 +, sf. שְׁלָלֵךְ Zechariah 14:1, שְׁלַלְכֶם Isaiah 33:4, etc.;—

prey, of Benj. as wolf Genesis 49:27 (poem in J; c. חִלֵּק).

booty, spoil of war, of all kinds (often ‖ בַּז): incl. garments, gold and silver Joshua 7:21 (J), ornaments Judges 8:24, Judges 8:25, fabrics and women Judges 5:30 a, b, flocks and herds I Samuel 30:20; Jeremiah 49:32; II Chronicles 15:11, + persons Deuteronomy 20:14^(×2), garments, food and drink II Chronicles 28:15, etc. (58 times; among these) שְׁלַל הֶעָרִים Deuteronomy 2:25; II Samuel 12:30; I Chronicles 20:2 and (+ cattle in addition) Deuteronomy 3:7, Joshua 8:27; Joshua 11:14 (both R^D), cf. (also of city) Isaiah 8:4; Deuteronomy 13:17^(×2); Zechariah 14:1 and (+ cattle) Joshua 8:2 (R^D), but incl. pers. and cattle Deuteronomy 20:14, cf. v Deuteronomy 20:14; fig. of entire nation Jeremiah 50:10; Ezekiel 7:21; Zechariah 2:13; שׁ׳ in symbol. n.pr. מַהֵר שָׁלָל וגו׳ Isaiah 8:1, Isaiah 8:3, v. supr. p. 555^a; שׁ׳ in metaph. of future majesty of עֶבֶד י׳ Isaiah 53:12; וְהֳיְתָה־לּוֹ נַפְשׁוֹ לְשׁ׳ i.e. life shall be spared, Jeremiah 21:9; Jeremiah 38:2; Jeremiah 39:18, cf. Jeremiah 45:5.

private plunder Isaiah 10:2 (אַלְמָנוֹת שְׁלָלָם), Proverbs 1:13 and (perhaps in current saying) Proverbs 16:19.

= gain Proverbs 31:11.—לְצַוְּארֵי שׁ׳ Judges 5:30 is clearly wrong; meaning dub. (v. especially GFM); plausible conj. are לְצַוָּארַי שׁ׳ for my neck as spoil, Reuss Br al., and לְצַוְּארֵי שֵׁגָל for the neck of the queen Ew Be Kit al. (but שֵׁגָל elsewhere late); Now del. שָׁלָל and reads לְצַוָּארָיו.

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שָׁלֵם

vb. be complete, sound (NH id. (Jastr), Ph. שלם Pi. complete, requite, especially in n.pr., Lzb ³⁷⁶ GACooke ^{99, also 81, 111, etc.}; Arabic سَلِمَ be safe, secure, free from fault, ii. make over, resign to, iv. resign or submit oneself, especially to God, whence ptcp. Muslim, and inf. Islām, proposes submission to God; Assyrian šalâmu, be complete, unharmed, be paid; Aramaic שְׁלֵים, ܫܠܶܡ be complete, safe, 𝔗 peaceful; O Aramaic שלם reward, repay (Pa; in n.pr.); cf. Sab. סלם peace Hom^{Chr 124}, Arabic سِلْمٌ, also سَلَامٌ safety, security; Assyrian šulmu, welfare; Ethiopic ሰላም Di ³²² security, peace; Aramaic שְׁלָמָא, ܫܠܳܡܳܐ security, welfare, O Aramaic שלם Lzb ³⁷⁶, especially = submission, in n.pr. RS^Sem. ^{79 f.}; Bondi ⁷⁰ (after Brugsch), cp. šarmā, greet, do homage, as loan-word in Egyptian);—

Pf. 3 pl. שָֽׁלְמוּ Isaiah 60:20; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁלָ֑ם Job 9:4; f. תִּשְׁלַם I Kings 7:51 + 2 times;—

be complete, finished, ended: temple I Kings 7:51 = II Chronicles 5:1; walls of city Nehemiah 6:15; of time Isaiah 60:20.

be sound, uninjured, Job 9:4.

Pf. 3 ms. שִׁלַּם Leviticus 5:24 +, 1 s. וְשִׁלַּמְתּ֫י Jeremiah 16:18 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׁלֵּם Exodus 21:34 +; sf. יְשַׁלְּמֶ֑נָּה Leviticus 24:18 +, etc.; Imv. ms. שַׁלֵּם Ecclesiastes 5:3 Psalms 50:14, etc.; Inf. abs. שַׁלֵּם Exodus 21:36 +; cstr. id. Proverbs 22:27, etc.; Pt. מְשַׁלֵּם Deuteronomy 7:10 +, etc.;—

complete, finish, temple I Kings 9:25.

make safe, c. acc. Job 8:6.

make whole or good, restore thing lost Joel 2:25, or stolen Exodus 21:37 (E); pay a debt II Kings 4:7 Psalms 37:21 Proverbs 22:27; Job 41:3; make compensation, for injury Leviticus 24:18, Leviticus 24:21 (P); for trespass in sacred things Leviticus 5:16 (P).

make good, i.e. pay, vows, c. acc. נֶדֶר Deuteronomy 23:22; II Samuel 15:7 + 9 times, + (c. ל to God) Psalms 50:14; Psalms 66:13; Psalms 116:14, Psalms 116:18; obj. om. Psalms 76:12; abs. Isaiah 19:21; c. acc. תּוֹדוֹת c. ל to God Psalms 56:13; פרים שׂפתינו Hosea 14:3 (v. p. 830b).

requite, recompense, reward, good I Samuel 24:20; Ruth 2:12; evil Isaiah 65:6; Jeremiah 51:56; c. ל pers. Deuteronomy 7:10 + 4 times, + (c. acc. rei) Jeremiah 51:24; אל pers. Job 21:19; acc. rei Proverbs 20:22; Jeremiah 16:18; שִׁלַּם גְּמוּל לְ Isaiah 59:18^(×2), (but v. i. שִׁלֵּם), Isaiah 66:6 + (v. גְּמוּל); †שׁ׳ פֹּעַל לְ Job 34:11; שׁ׳ גְּמוּל עַל Joel 4:4; עַל חֵיק Isaiah 65:6; אֶל־חֵיק Jeremiah 32:18; †c. ל pers. and כ of deeds, שׁ׳ reward according to one’s works II Samuel 3:39 + 3 times; acc. pers. Psalms 31:24; acc. rei †שׁ׳ רעה תחת טובה Genesis 44:4 (J) Psalms 35:12; Psalms 38:21 (read מְשַׁלְּמֵנִי).

Impf. 3 ms. יְשֻׁלַּם Psalms 65:2 Jeremiah 18:20; יְשֻׁלָּ֑ם Proverbs 11:31; Proverbs 13:13;—

be performed, of vow Psalms 65:2.

be repaid, requited, Jeremiah 18:20; Proverbs 11:31; Proverbs 13:13.

complete, perform: Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁלִים Job 23:14; Isaiah 44:26, יַשְׁלִם v Isaiah 44:28.

make an end of, 2 ms. sf. תַּשְׁלִימֵנִי Isaiah 38:12, Isaiah 38:13 (𝔊 Du Marti deliver up to pains, as in Aramaic).

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שָׁלוֹם

n.m. Isaiah 54:13 completeness, soundness, welfare, peace (Lag^{BN 174});—שׁ׳ Genesis 29:6 +; שָׁלֹם (rare) Ezekiel 13:16 +; cstr. שְׁלוֹם Genesis 37:14 +; sf. שְׁלוֹמִי Psalms 41:10 +, etc.; pl. (all dub.) שְׁלוֹמִים Jeremiah 13:19 Psalms 69:23; sf. שְׁלֹמָיו Psalms 55:21;—

completeness in no., הָגְלָת שְׁלוֹמִים Jeremiah 13:19 Judah is wholly carried captive (but read גָּלוּת שְׁלֵמָה, cf. Amos 1:6; so 𝔊 We ^Am SS Buhl).

safety, soundness, in body, אֵין שָׁלוֹם בַּעֲצָמַי Psalms 38:4; לְשָׁלוֹם Isaiah 38:17; שָׁלוֹם אָהֳלֶ֑ךָ (Ges^{§ 141 c}) Job 5:24 is safe, secure.

welfare, health, prosperity: †שָׁאַל לפ׳ לשׁ׳ ask one about welfare Genesis 43:27 (J), Exodus 18:7 (E), Judges 18:15 + 7 times, cf. II Samuel 11:7^(×3); pregn. ירד לשׁלום II Kings 10:13 descend (to ask) about welfare of, cf. I Samuel 17:18 Jeremiah 38:4; הלך לשׁ׳ Exodus 4:18 (E) + 5 times; עלה לשׁ׳ Genesis 44:17 (J), I Samuel 25:35; דבּר לשׁ׳ Genesis 37:4 (JE); שָׁלוֹם ל׳ be well with Genesis 29:6; Genesis 43:23, Genesis 43:28 (J), Judges 6:23; Judges 19:20; I Samuel 20:7, I Samuel 20:21 + 10 times, II Kings 4:26^(×3); שָׁלוֹם בְּ (יְהִי) Psalms 122:7(8) be it well with; abs. as obj. of אָמַר well, be well, שׁ׳ Genesis 29:6 (J), II Samuel 18:28 II Kings 9:11, II Kings 9:17, II Kings 9:18, II Kings 9:19, II Kings 9:22; Jeremiah 6:14^(×2) + 10 times; הֲשָׁלוֹם אֲבִיכֶם Genesis 43:27 (J) cp. I Samuel 25:6; †שׁ׳ בּ(וֹ)אֶ֑ךָ I Samuel 16:4 (v. Dr), I Kings 2:13; אֵין שׁ׳ Jeremiah 6:14 + 3 times; †אין שׁ׳ לרשׁעים Isaiah 48:22; Isaiah 57:21; but ראה שׁ׳ רשׁעים Psalms 73:3; †רֹב שׁ׳ Psalms 37:11; Psalms 72:7; שׁאל שׁ׳ פ׳ Psalms 122:6; דרשׁ שׁ׳ (‖ טוב) Deuteronomy 23:7; Ezra 9:12; שׁ׳ יוֹסִיפוּ לָךְ Proverbs 3:2; בַּשּׁ׳ Job 15:21 in time of prosperity.

peace, quiet, tranquillity, contentment, Isaiah 32:17 (‖ הַשְׁקֵט וָבֶטַח); שָׁכַב בשׁ׳ Psalms 4:9 (to sleep); depart life בְּשׁ׳ in tranquillity Genesis 15:15 (R^je), I Kings 2:6 + 3 times, יָבוֹא Isaiah 57:2; אַחֲרִית לְאִישׁ שׁ׳ Psalms 37:37; בא בשׁ׳ Exodus 18:23 (E) come in contentment; ארץ שׁ׳ Jeremiah 12:5; נְוֵה שׁ׳ (‖ מבטחים) Isaiah 32:18, cf. Jeremiah 25:37; שׁ׳ מִפָּ֑חַד Job 21:9, cf. Zechariah 8:10; ולשׁלומים לְמוֹקֵשׁ Psalms 69:23 and let security become a trap (but 𝔊 Aq Sym Theod Jer וּלְמ׳ וּכְשִׁלּוּמִים, Du (cf. 𝔗) וּשְׁלָמִים peace-offerings, and שֻׁלְחָן v^a).

peace, friendship:

human relations: אֱנוֹשׁ שְׁלֹמִי Jeremiah 20:10 man of my friendship, cf. Jeremiah 38:22 Obadiah 1:7 Psalms 41:10; עֲצַת שׁ׳ בין Zechariah 6:13; יֹעֲצֵי שׁ׳ Proverbs 12:20; (אֵת, עִם) דבּר שׁ׳ Psalms 28:3; Psalms 35:20 Jeremiah 9:7; בקּשׁ שׁ׳ Psalms 34:15; ידע שׁ׳ Isaiah 59:8; דֶּרֶךְ שׁ׳ v Isaiah 59:8; שׁלּח בשׁ׳ Genesis 26:29 (J); הלך בשׁ׳ v Genesis 26:31 (J), I Samuel 29:7 + 4 times; שׁוב בשׁ׳ II Samuel 15:27; ‖ צדקה in Mess. reign Psalms 72:3.

peace with God, especially in covt. relation: Isaiah 54:10 ברית covt. of my peace, cf. Numbers 25:12 (P), Ezekiel 34:25; Ezekiel 37:26, also Malachi 2:5; י׳ שׁ׳ as name of altar Judges 6:24; י׳ subj. שָׂם שׁ׳ לְ Numbers 6:26 (P); בֵּרַךְ בשׁ׳ Psalms 29:11; חפץ שׁ׳ Psalms 35:27; עשׂה שׁ׳ לְ Jeremiah 33:9; אָסַף שׁ׳ מֵאֵת Jeremiah 16:5 (‖ חסד); דבּר שׁ׳ אֶל Psalms 85:9; נתן שׁ׳ Haggai 2:9; מחשׁבות שׁ׳ Jeremiah 29:11; man subj. עשׂה שׁ׳ ל׳ Isaiah 27:5^(×2); הלך בשׁ׳ Malachi 2:6. In this sense ‖ צֶדֶק Psalms 85:11, ‖ צְדָקָה Isaiah 54:13; Isaiah 60:17, ‖ שִׂמְחָה Isaiah 55:12, is like a river Isaiah 48:18; Isaiah 66:12; שׁ׳ עַל־ישׂראל Psalms 125:5; Psalms 128:6, שׁ׳ רָב לְאֹהֲבֵי תוֹרָתֶ֑ךָ Psalms 119:165; מוּסַר שׁ׳ Isaiah 53:5 chastisement for our peace (but SS Buhl שִׁלֻּמֵינוּ).

peace from war: (ל) עשׂה שׁ׳ make peace (with) Joshua 9:15; Job 25:2; נתן שׁ׳ בארץ Leviticus 26:6 (H); †שׁ׳ בין ובין Judges 4:17; I Samuel 7:14; I Kings 5:26; †קרא (ל)שׁ׳ Deuteronomy 20:10; Judges 21:13; Micah 3:5; †שׁוב בשׁ׳ Joshua 10:21; Judges 8:9; Judges 11:31 (cf. v Judges 11:13); בא בשׁ׳ II Samuel 19:25, II Samuel 19:31 + 7 times; †היה שׁ׳ לְ I Kings 5:4 + 3 times, cf. II Samuel 17:3 (v. Dr); בקּשׁ שׁ׳ Ezekiel 7:25; מלאכי שׁ׳ Isaiah 33:7; נתן שׁ׳ וָשֶׁקֶט I Chronicles 22:9; מוֹצְאֵת שׁ׳ Song of Songs 8:10; †שׁ׳(ו)אמת Isaiah 39:8 = II Kings 20:19 + 3 times, cf. Zechariah 8:19; עֵת שׁ׳ Ecclesiastes 3:8; בְּשׁ׳ I Kings 2:5 in time of peace; שַׂר שׁ׳ Isaiah 9:5 (Mess. title), cf. זֶה שׁ׳ Micah 5:4.

as adj. שְׁלֹמָיו Psalms 55:21 those at peace with him (read שֹֽׁלְמָיו Bae Buhl Du, or שְׁלֵמָיו SS; 𝔊 appar. שִׁלּוּמָיו).

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שֶׁ֫לֶם

n.[m.] sacrifice for alliance or friendship, ‘peace-offering’ (expl. disputed: orig. sacrif. for alliance Di; al. peace-offering (mark of peace with God), 𝔊^{Sm K Pr} εἰρηνική, De Sta^{G i. 496} We^{Heid. 71} (fellowship between God and worshippers); welfare-offering, 𝔊 elsewhere σωτήριον, Ke; thank-offering (as due rendered for benefit, or in paying vow, cf. √ Pi. 4, and Proverbs 7:14) Ges Ew Kn; sacred meal its special feature: v. RS^{Sem. i. 219; 2nd ed. 237}; Now^{Arch. ii. 211f.} GFM^{Ency. Bib. Sacrifice, § 11}; Assyrian šulmu = שֶׁלֶם is cited by J Jerem^{Ency. Bib. Ritual, § 11});—cstr. שׁ׳ Amos 5:22; elsewhere pl. שְׁלָמִים Exodus 24:5 + 69 times; cstr. שַׁלְמֵי Leviticus 10:14; sf. שְׁלָמֶ֫יךָ Exodus 20:21, etc.; pl. is abstr. intens. Leviticus 7:13; Numbers 6:17 (P) +; pl. of no. Exodus 24:5 (JE), I Samuel 11:15 +; usually hard to decide; שׁ׳ (in app.) defines זְבָחִים Exodus 24:5 (JE), and so זבח of covt. of Horeb is שׁ׳, as also sacrifice for Saul I Samuel 11:15; foll. phr. shew שׁ׳ essentially = זבהים in like phr. (v. זבח); שׁ׳ coming to mean ז׳ in all ritual; over against עוֹלוֹת Exodus 20:21; Exodus 32:6 (JE), Leviticus 6:5 (P), Deuteronomy 27:7; Joshua 8:31 (D), Judges 20:26; Judges 21:4; I Samuel 13:9; II Samuel 6:17, II Samuel 6:18; II Samuel 24:25; I Kings 3:15; I Kings 9:25; I Chronicles 16:1, I Chronicles 16:2; I Chronicles 21:26; II Chronicles 31:2; Ezekiel 43:27; Ezekiel 45:17; Ezekiel 46:2, Ezekiel 46:12; so in longer lists Leviticus 9:4, Leviticus 9:22; Numbers 6:14; Numbers 29:39 (P), I Kings 8:64^(×2); I Kings 16:13; II Chronicles 7:7; II Chronicles 29:35; Ezekiel 45:15, Ezekiel 45:17; Ezekiel 46:12; and when שׁ׳ alone Leviticus 7:14, Leviticus 7:33; in P שׁ׳ defines ז׳ in cstr. sg. or pl.: Exodus 29:28 Leviticus 3:1 + 34 times P, Leviticus 17:5; Leviticus 19:5; Leviticus 22:21; Leviticus 23:19 (H), so I Samuel 10:8; I Kings 8:63; II Chronicles 30:22; II Chronicles 33:16; Proverbs 7:14; ז׳ שׁ׳ of H and P incl. תודה, נדר, נדבה Leviticus 7:12, Leviticus 7:16, and so זבח תודה שׁ׳ v Leviticus 7:13, Leviticus 7:15; שׁ׳ disting. from (larger) ז׳ in lists שָׁ׳, ז׳, עולות Joshua 22:27 (P); נדר, ז׳, עלה Numbers 15:8 (P); שׁ׳ disting. from נְדָבָה Ezekiel 46:12 (where may = either of other two); from נדרים, נדבות Numbers 29:39 (P) (and must then ref. to תודות); from נדר Numbers 15:8 (P); appar. then not disting. from תּוֹדוֹת, תּוֹדָה II Chronicles 33:16 being probably specification.

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שָׁלַם

vb. denom. be in covenant of peace;—

Imv. שְׁלָ֑ם Job 22:21 be at peace (in covt.); Pt. sf. שׁוֹלְמִי Psalms 7:5 i.e. my ally, friend (cf. Psalms 41:10); Pt. pass. cstr. שְׁלֻמֵי II Samuel 20:19, read שָׂמוּ Ew^{G iii.264} Ges ^{130 f.N.4} Dr (cf. We).

Pt. מְשֻׁלָּם Isaiah 42:19 one in covt. of peace (with י׳; but 𝔊 משְׁלָם their ruler, so Che^Hpt; Ges Hi Ew al. one resigned (to God), read then מָשְׁלָם, cf. √, Arabic iv.; Kroch Grä Marti מְשֻׁלָּחִי).

Pf. 3 fs. הִשְׁלִ֫ימָה Joshua 10:4; Joshua 11:19; 3 mpl. הִשְׁלִ֫ימוּ Joshua 10:1; Impf. יַשְׁלִים Isaiah 44:26 +, יַשְׁלִם Proverbs 16:7; וַיַּשְׁלֵם I Kings 22:45, etc.;—

make peace with, אֶת, Joshua 10:1, Joshua 10:4; II Samuel 10:19 = I Chronicles 19:19 (עִם); עִם Deuteronomy 20:12 I Kings 22:45; c. אֶל pregn. Joshua 11:19 submitting unto.

cause to be at peace, אֶת, Proverbs 16:7.

Pf. 3 fs. הָשְׁלְמָה Job 5:23 live in peace with, לְ (‖ ברית).

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שָׁלֵם²

adj. complete, safe, at peace;—שׁ׳ Genesis 15:16 +; pl. שְׁלֵמִים Genesis 34:21; Nahum 1:12; f. שְׁלֵמָה Deuteronomy 25:15 +; pl. שְׁלֵמוֹת Deuteronomy 27:6 Joshua 8:31;—

complete:

full, perfect: אֶבֶן שְׁלֵמָה full weight Deuteronomy 25:15; Proverbs 11:1, אֵיפָה שׁ׳ Deuteronomy 25:15; of עָוֹן Genesis 15:16 (JE); number of captives Amos 1:6, Amos 1:9; of army Nahum 1:12 (text corrupt; 𝔊 משֵׁל מַיִם, but?; v. Comm.); of reward Ruth 2:12; of stones, whole (in natural condition, unhewn) Deuteronomy 27:6; Joshua 8:31 (cf. law Exodus 20:22).

finished: i.e. hewn stones I Kings 6:7; temple II Chronicles 8:16.

safe, unharmed, of pers. Genesis 33:18 (P; Sam. שׁלוֹם, cf. בשׁלום Genesis 28:21; not n.pr.loc. as Vrss).

in covt. of peace, friendship, c. אֵת Genesis 34:21 (P); לֵבָב שָׁלֵם עִם י׳ a mind at peace with י׳, keeping covt. relation, hence complete, perfect, I Kings 8:61; I Kings 11:4; I Kings 15:3, I Kings 15:14; c. אֶל II Chronicles 16:9, אֶל om. II Kings 20:3 = Isaiah 38:3 (לֵב), I Chronicles 12:38; I Chronicles 29:19; II Chronicles 15:17; II Chronicles 19:9; II Chronicles 25:2; לֵב I Chronicles 28:9; I Chronicles 29:9.

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שָׁלֵם³

n.pr.loc. abbrev. from יְרוּשָׁלַם (q.v.), and perhaps (Gunk Dr) intended as archaism Genesis 14:18, cf. (poet.) Psalms 76:3 (‖ צִיּוֹן); v. Jos^{Ant. i, 10, 2}; 𝔊 Σαλημ and (ψ) εἰρήνη.

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שַׁלּוּם

(less often שַׁלֻּם) n.pr.m. Σελ(λ)ουμ, Σαλ(λ)ουμ, Σελλημ, etc.;—

king of N. Israel II Kings 15:10, II Kings 15:13, II Kings 15:14, II Kings 15:15.

son of Josiah, and king of Judah Jeremiah 22:11; I Chronicles 3:15 = יְהוֹאָחָז 1, v. p. 219.

husband of Huldah II Kings 22:14 = II Chronicles 34:22, B 𝔊L Σελλημ, A -λουμ.

uncle of Jeremiah Jeremiah 32:7.

in Simeon I Chronicles 4:25.

in Jerahmeel I Chronicles 2:40, I Chronicles 2:41.

in Ephr. II Chronicles 28:12.

in Napht. I Chronicles 7:13.

father of a threshold keeper Jeremiah 35:4.

wall-builder Nehemiah 3:12.

priests I Chronicles 5:38, I Chronicles 5:39; Ezra 7:2 (ancestor of Ezra, perhaps = מְשֻׁלָּם 7 a).

Levits:

I Chronicles 9:17^(×2), perhaps = v I Chronicles 9:19, I Chronicles 9:31, and Ezra 2:42 ‖ Nehemiah 7:44 (= שֶׁלֶמְיָה 2, מְשֻׁלָּם 8 c, (מְשֶׁלֶמְיָה(וּ)).

Ezra 10:24.

v Ezra 10:42 below.

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שַׁלּוּן

n.pr.m. wall-builder Nehemiah 3:15 = שַׁלּוּם according to Thes.

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שְׁלֹמֹה

n.pr.m. Solomon (Σαλωμων, rarely Σαλομων, 𝔊L mostly Σολομων; cf. Lag^{BN 53, 96});—king of Israel, son of David and Bathsheba II Samuel 12:24; I Kings 1:11 + [name 2 times S; 162 times K; 109 times Ch; 7 times Ezr Ne]; born in Jerus. II Samuel 5:14; I Chronicles 3:5; I Chronicles 14:4; designated by D. as successor, anointed and proclaimed before D.’s death I Kings 1:30, I Kings 1:33, I Kings 1:34, I Kings 1:39 +; king after D.’s death I Kings 2:12, I Kings 2:17; I Chronicles 29:28; II Chronicles 1:1 + [phr. הַמֶּלֶךְ שׁ׳ I Kings 1:34 + 36 times K, 11 times Ch, Jeremiah 52:20; Song of Songs 3:9, Song of Songs 3:11; שׁ׳ הַמּ׳ I Kings 2:17; I Kings 12:2; I Chronicles 29:24; II Chronicles 10:2; שׁ׳ מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה I Kings 12:23; II Chronicles 11:3, מ׳ יִשׂ׳ II Kings 23:13; II Kings 24:13; II Chronicles 30:26; II Chronicles 35:3; Nehemiah 13:26]; builder of temple I Kings 5:22; I Kings 6:1, I Kings 6:2; I Chronicles 5:26 + often; wise I Kings 3:10; I Kings 5:9, I Kings 5:10, I Kings 5:14; I Kings 10:1, I Kings 10:2, I Kings 10:3, I Kings 10:4; II Chronicles 1:7, II Chronicles 1:11 +; author of proverbs (and songs) according to Proverbs מִשְׁלֵי שׁ׳ Proverbs 1:1; Proverbs 10:1; Proverbs 25:1 (cf. I Kings 5:12, I Kings 5:13), v. also לִשׁ׳ Psalms 72:1; Psalms 127:1 (titles), Song of Songs 1:1 (title); of written provision for priests, etc. II Chronicles 35:4, cf. II Chronicles 8:14 Nehemiah 12:45; elsewhere (outside of K Ch) name occurs †Jeremiah 52:20; Song of Songs 1:5 (Wkl ^{Altor. Forsch. ii. 196} proposes Šalmaites, Nab. שלמו Lzb ³⁷⁶, cf. Levy ^{TW ii.489} Jastr ¹⁵⁸⁷), Song of Songs 3:7, Song of Songs 3:9, Song of Songs 3:11; Song of Songs 8:11, Song of Songs 8:12, and in phr. בְּנֵי עַדֵי שׁ׳ Ezra 2:55, Ezra 2:58 = Nehemiah 7:56, Nehemiah 7:59; Nehemiah 11:3.

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שְׁלֹמוֹת

i. שְׁלֹמִית (שְׁלוֹ׳ Ezra 8:10) n.pr.m.

Levites:

-מוֹת I Chronicles 24:22^(×2); I Chronicles 26:26; -מִית v I Chronicles 26:28; I Chronicles 23:18; -מות I Chronicles 26:25 Kt, -מִית Qr. Σαλωμωθ, 𝔊L Σαλωμιθ.

-מות I Chronicles 23:9 Kt, -מִית Qr. Αλωθειμ, Σαλωμ(ε)ιθ.

-מִית son (appar.) of Rehob. II Chronicles 11:20, Εμμωθ, A Σαλημωθ, 𝔊L Σαλωμιθ.

-מִית head of post-ex.. family Ezra 8:10, Σαλειμουθ, etc.

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שְׁלֹמִית

n.pr.f. Σαλ(ω)μιθ, etc.:

in Israel Leviticus 24:11.

daughter of Zerub. I Chronicles 3:19.

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שְׁלֹמִי

n.pr.m. in Asher, Numbers 34:27; Σελεμ(ε)ι.

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שְׁלֻמִיאֵל

n.pr.m. in Simeon Numbers 1:6; Numbers 2:12; Numbers 7:36, Numbers 7:41; Numbers 10:19; Σαλαμιηλ.

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שַׁלְמַנְאֶ֫סֶר

n.pr.m. king of Assyria (proposes -אסרד, = Assyrian Šulman-ašaridu, ‘(God) Šulman is chief,’ Schr^{ZK ii (1885), 197 ff.} Muss-Arnolt^{JBL xi (1892), 79});—II Kings 17:3 = II Kings 18:9; Σαλ(α)μανασ(σ)αρ, 𝔙 Salmanasar. This was שׁ׳ V, b.c. 727–722, Say^{Hast DB s. v.} Johns^{Ency. Bib. s. v.}.

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שָׁלַף

vb. draw out, off (NH id., loosen, draw (nail, sword; Jastr); Assyrian šalâpu, pluck out, draw sword; Aramaic שְׁלַף draw sword, draw off shoe, ܫܠܰܦ draw sword, in Lexx. remove corselet; Arabic سَلَفَ is pass, pass away, سَلَبَ strip, plunder, etc.);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Judges 3:22 +; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁלֹף Ruth 4:8, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁלֹף Judges 9:54 +; Pt. act. שֹׁלֵף Judges 8:10 +, etc.; pass. f. שְׁלוּפָה Numbers 22:23 +;—

draw out sword from (מִן) wound Judges 3:22, cf. Job 20:25; usually sword from sheath Judges 8:20; Judges 9:54; I Samuel 31:4 = I Chronicles 10:4, + מִתַּעְרָהּ I Samuel 17:51; וְחַרְבּוֹ שְׁלוּפָה בְּיָדוֹ Numbers 22:23, Numbers 22:31; Joshua 5:13 (all J), I Chronicles 21:16; elsewhere אִישׁ שֹׁלֵף ח׳ coll. Judges 8:10; Judges 20:2, Judges 20:15, Judges 20:17, Judges 20:46; II Samuel 24:9 II Kings 3:26 I Chronicles 21:5^(×2), cf. Judges 20:35 and (שֹׁלְפֵי ח׳) v Judges 20:25.

draw off sandal Ruth 4:7, Ruth 4:8 (cf. I. חלץ 1; also RS^{K 269} Dr Deuteronomy 25:9 Bewer^{SK lxxvi (1903), 332}).

shoot up (?), i.e. draw out blade, of grass on roof Psalms 129:6 (cf. Ew Bae al.); Che Dr is unsheathed (vb. c. subj. indef. = pass.), with same meaning; Hup-Now proposes שָׁלֵם (with ‖ in Syriac); v. Ortenberg^{Textkritik d. Ps. (1861), 30} שֶׁחָלָף, We^Hpt Du חֲלֹף (as Psalms 90:5, Psalms 90:6, v. ח׳ 2).

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שֶׁ֫לֶף

n.pr.m. son of Joḳṭan;—שָׁ֑לֶף Genesis 10:26 = I Chronicles 1:20; Σαλεφ; identif. by Os^{ZMG xi (1857), 153 f.} with S. Arabic tribe سُلَف, cf. Mordtm^{ZMG xxxix (1885), 228} Glaser^{Skizze ii. 425} Hom^{Chr 70}, and v. Di Dr.

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שִׁלֵּשׁ

Pi. denom. do a third time, divide into three parts, etc.;—Pf. 2 ms. וְשִׁלַּשְׁתָּ֫ Deuteronomy 19:3 divide land into three parts (so Impf. וַיְשַׁלֵּשׁ אֶת־הָעָם [for MT וַיְשַׁלַּח] II Samuel 18:2 𝔊L Bu); I Samuel 20:19 stay three days (cf. Dr); v I Samuel 20:20 We Dr al. (cf. 𝔊) read אֲשַׁלֵּשׁ בַּ׳ (for שְׁלשֶׁת הַ׳) = I will shoot on the third day with the arrows (HPS qu.); Impf. 3 mpl. וַיְשַׁלֵּ֑שׁוּ I Kings 18:34, and Imv. mpl. שַׁלֵּ֑שׁוּ v I Kings 18:34 do a third time. Pu. Pt. מְשֻׁלָּשׁ three years old Genesis 15:9 + I Samuel 1:24 (read with 𝔊 Th We etc. בְּפַר מְשֻׁלָּשׁ for בְּפָרִם שְׁלשָׁה), f. מְשֻׁלֶּשֶׁת Genesis 15:9^(×2); הַחוּט הַמְשֻׁלָּשׁ Ecclesiastes 4:12 the threefold cord; fpl. מְשֻׁלָּשׁוֹת Ezekiel 42:6 three-storied chambers.

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שְׁלִישִׁי

m. שְׁלִישִׁית f. adj.num. ord.₁₀₈ third;—יוֹם שְׁלִישִׁי Genesis 1:13 + 31 times, etc. (64 times, rarely שְׁלִשִׁי); pl. שְׁלִשִׁים (third 50, set of messengers, etc.) I Samuel 19:21; II Kings 1:13 + 4 times; בַּשָּׁנָה הַשְּׁלִישִׁית I Kings 18:1 + 4 times, etc. (33 times; sometimes שְׁלִשִׁית, שְׁלִשִׁת, etc.); = third part, a third II Samuel 18:2^(×3) + 13 times, + (cstr.) Numbers 15:6 + 4 times, + שְׁלִשִׁתֵיךְ (Ges^{§ 911}) Ezekiel 5:12 third part of thee; = third time I Samuel 3:8; also שְׁלִישִׁיָּה Isaiah 19:24 third (on par with other two); בַּשְּׁלֵישִׁים Ezekiel 42:3 in the thirds, i.e. third story;—שְׁלִשִׁיָּה עֶגְלַת Isaiah 15:5; Jeremiah 48:34, v. ע׳ p. 722.—שְׁלִישִׁתָה Ezekiel 21:19 is corrupt; Krae proposes וְשֻׁלְּשָׁה the sword shall be doubled and trebled; other conj. in Co Toy. I Samuel 20:5 del. הַשּׁ׳ 𝔊 We Dr al., so v I Samuel 20:12 II Samuel 23:18 read הַשְּׁלשִׁם 𝔖 We Dr al.

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שִׁלְשֹׁם

and (less often) שִׁלְשׁוֹם ₂₅ adv. = three days ago, specif. day before yesterday (Kö^{ii. 1. 255 f.} Lag^{BN 20 Anm.} Ba^{NB § 216b});—in phr. תְּמוֹל שׁ׳ Exodus 5:8 yesterday (and) day before, idiomat. for hitherto, so Ruth 2:11, אֶתְמוֹל שׁ׳ I Samuel 4:7; כִּת׳ שׁ׳ Genesis 31:2, Genesis 31:5 (E), Exodus 5:7, Exodus 5:14 (J), II Kings 13:5, cf. I Samuel 14:21; I Samuel 19:7; גַּם־ת׳ גַּם־שׁ׳ Exodus 4:10 (J), II Samuel 3:17; I Chronicles 11:2, cf. II Samuel 5:2; מִתּ׳ שׁ׳ from aforetime, previously Exodus 21:29, Exodus 21:36 (E), Deuteronomy 4:42; Deuteronomy 19:4, Deuteronomy 19:6; Joshua 4:18 (J), Joshua 3:4; Joshua 20:5 (both R), cf. I Samuel 10:11; כִּת׳ שׁ׳ I Samuel 21:6 as formerly (but Bu מִתּ׳ שׁ׳ = for some days).—שׁ׳ Proverbs 22:20 Kt is difficult; Qr שָׁלִשִׁים (v. iii. שָׁלִישׁ) is imposs.; supply perhaps תְּמוֹל have I not written to thee heretofore, etc.?

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שָׁלִ(י)שׁ

n.[m.] third (part, i.e. of ephah? dub.), name of a measure;—for dust Isaiah 40:12, tears Psalms 80:6 (in fig.), adv. acc. measure-wise.

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שָׁלִישׁ

n.[m.] pl. שָֽׁלִשִׁים, a (three-stringed? three-barred? three-cornered?) mus. instr., perhaps a sistrum (so 𝔙), or ‘triangle’ (RVm: cf. Prince^{EB iii. 3228}), I Samuel 18:6 (+ בְּתֻפִּים).

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שָׁלִישׁ²

n.m. adjutant or officer (best explained as third man (in chariot), v. especially Hpt^{BAS iv. 586 f.} Bender^{ZAW xxiii (1903), 19} WMM^{As. u. Eur. 329}; v. also Kau^{M N., DPV, 1904, 10}; doubted by Di Exodus 14:7 Baen^ib. Buhl¹⁴);—abs. שׁ׳ of king’s personal attendant at court II Kings 7:2, II Kings 7:17, II Kings 7:19, sf., military officer of king, שָֽׁלִשֹׁה II Kings 9:25, שָֽׁלִישׁוֹ II Kings 15:25 (on abnormal—ָ v. Ges^{§ 93 xx} Kö^{ii. 1. 133, 449, 495}); pl. שָֽׁלִישִׁים Ezekiel 23:15 + (sometimes שָֽׁלִשִׁם, etc.) v Ezekiel 23:23 Exodus 14:7; II Kings 10:25^(×2), + (Qr) II Samuel 23:8 (> Kt שׁלשׁי) = I Chronicles 11:11; I Chronicles 12:19 (v I Chronicles 12:18 van d. H.; Kt in both, שׁלושׁים), read in all three הַשְּׁלשָׁה (רֹאשׁ) chief of the three 𝔊L We Dr Bu Now.—שָֽׁלִשִׁים Proverbs 22:20 Qr v. שִׁלְשֹׁם.

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שִׁלֵּשׁ²

adj. pertaining to the third;—only m.pl. as subst. שִׁלֵּשִׁים those of third generation (grandsons); בְּנֵי שׁ׳ Genesis 50:23 (E) sons of those of third generation, i.e. great-grandsons (v. Kö^{SK 1898, 533ff.}); עַל־בָּנִים עַל־שׁ׳ וְעַל־רִבֵּעִים Exodus 20:5 (E; v. [רִבֵּעַ]) = Deuteronomy 5:9; Numbers 14:18; cf. Exodus 34:7 (both J).

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שָׁלִ֫שָׁה

n.pr.loc. doubtful;—אֶרֶץ־שׁ׳ I Samuel 9:4, B 𝔊L Σελχα, A Σαλισσα;? cf. בַּעַל שָׁלִשָׁה II Kings 4:42.

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שַׁלְתִּיאֵל

n. pr. m. (= שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל Thes Buhl);—father of Zerub. Haggai 1:12, Haggai 1:14; Haggai 2:2; Σαλαθιηλ.

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שָׁם

adv. there, thither (Arabic ثَمَّ there, cf. ثُمَّ then; Biblical Aramaic תַּמָּה, Egyptian Aramaic תמה S-C^{Pap. A 4, J 6}, 𝔗 תַּמָּן (with demonstr. n, cf. אֱדַיִן beside אֲזַי), Syriac ܬܰܡܳܢ; Zenj^{Had. 8} (Cooke¹⁵⁹) שם);—

there Genesis 2:8, Genesis 2:12; Genesis 11:2, Genesis 11:7, Genesis 11:31 + often; placed early in sentence for emph., Micah 4:10 שָׁם תִּנָּצֵ֑לִי, Nahum 3:15; Ezekiel 32:22, Ezekiel 32:24 Psalms 104:26 +, וְשָׁם … Genesis 41:12; Exodus 15:27; Numbers 13:22, Numbers 13:33 +, שָׁם … וְשָׁם Exodus 15:25; Deuteronomy 12:14; Isaiah 27:10; Job 3:17 +, וְהִנֵּה שָׁם … Genesis 29:2, כִּי שָׁם … Genesis 11:9; Genesis 21:31; Genesis 35:7; II Samuel 1:21; II Samuel 15:21 +, אַךְ שָׁם … Isaiah 34:14, Isaiah 34:15, גַּם שָׁם … Isaiah 23:12; Isaiah 57:7 Psalms 139:10; resuming a preceding ‘where,’ Job 39:30 בַּאֲשֶׁר חֲלָלִים שָׁם הוּא, Judges 5:27; Jeremiah 22:12; Ecclesiastes 11:3, cf. Ecclesiastes 1:7. Repeated, שָׁם … שָׁם here … there Isaiah 28:10, Isaiah 28:13. In poetry, pointing to a spot in which a scene is localized vividly in the imagination, Psalms 14:5 שׁם פחדו פחד there feared they a fear! Psalms 36:13, cf. Psalms 48:7; Psalms 66:6; Psalms 132:17; Hosea 6:7; Zephaniah 1:14.—Habakkuk 3:4 read probably (We Now) שָׂם the flashes at his side made he the hiding of his power; Ecclesiastes 3:17 שָׁם = with God, in the Divine plan or scheme: but read perhaps שָׂם Hi De al.

preceded by the rel., אֲשֶׁר שָׁם where, Genesis 2:11; Exodus 20:18; I Samuel 9:10 +, usually with one or more words between, Genesis 13:3, Genesis 13:14; Genesis 19:27; Exodus 29:42; II Samuel 11:16; II Kings 23:27 + often; after בַּאֲשֶׁר, בַּאֲשֶׁר הוּא שָׁם †Genesis 21:17. With אשׁר omitted (the rel. being indic. by cstr., Ges^{§ 130 c, d}) Ezekiel 39:11 מְקוֹם שָׁם קֶבֶר בְּיִשְׂר׳ a place where a grave (may be) in Isr., but 𝔊 𝔙 Co Or al. read שֵׁם a place of renown.

thither, after vbs. of motion (= שָׁ֫מָּה, v. 3) Deuteronomy 1:37 לֹא תָבֹא שָׁם, Judges 19:15; Judges 21:10; I Samuel 2:14; I Samuel 9:6 al, אֲשֶׁר … שָׁם whither, I Kings 18:10; I Kings 21:18; II Kings 1:4, II Kings 1:6, II Kings 1:16; Isaiah 20:6, more often in Je Ez, as Jeremiah 8:3; Jeremiah 22:27; Jeremiah 23:3, Jeremiah 23:8; Jeremiah 45:5 +, Ezekiel 4:13; Ezekiel 12:16; Ezekiel 36:20, Ezekiel 36:22 +; so שֶׁשָּׁם Psalms 122:4.

with ה loc., שָׁ֫מָּה (shā́mmāh):

after vbs. of motion, thither, Genesis 19:20 לָנוּס שָׁ֫מָּה to flee thither, v Genesis 19:22; Genesis 20:13; Genesis 24:6; Genesis 29:3; Deuteronomy 1:38 + often; = into it, therein (of a basket, pit, etc.), Exodus 16:33 וְתֶן־שָׁ֫מָּה מְלֹא הָעֹמֶר, Exodus 21:33 וְנָפַל שָׁמָּה, Exodus 30:18; Judges 8:25; II Kings 12:10; pregnantly, after a verb implying motion, as to bury, Genesis 23:13 וְאֶקְבְּרָה אֶת־מֵתִי שָׁ֫מָּה, Genesis 25:10; Genesis 49:31; Genesis 50:5 (all P), נוֹעַד to meet Exodus 29:42, Exodus 29:43; Exodus 30:6, Exodus 30:36; Numbers 17:19 (all P), Joshua 2:16; Joshua 7:3; Jeremiah 13:7; Joel 4:7 (cf. b), Song of Songs 8:5 (?c).

אֲשֶׁר … שָׁ֫מָּה whither Genesis 20:13; Numbers 33:54; Deuteronomy 4:5, Deuteronomy 4:14 + often; where II Kings 23:8; I Chronicles 4:11.

more rarely, i. q. שָׁם there, Genesis 43:30 וַיִּבְךְ שָׁ֫מָּה, Joshua 2:1; Judges 16:27; II Kings 4:11; II Kings 9:16 Hosea 2:17; Isaiah 22:18; Isaiah 34:15; Isaiah 65:9; Jeremiah 18:2; Jeremiah 27:22; Ezekiel 23:3; Ezekiel 32:29, Ezekiel 32:30 (v Ezekiel 32:22, Ezekiel 32:24, Ezekiel 32:26 שָׁם), Ezekiel 48:35 י׳ שָׁ֫מָּה, Psalms 76:4; Psalms 122:5; Ecclesiastes 3:16.

מִשָּׁם from there, thence:

often after verbs of departing, taking, etc., Genesis 2:10; Genesis 11:8, Genesis 11:9; Genesis 12:8; Genesis 18:16; Genesis 24:7; Genesis 42:2, etc., Numbers 13:23; Numbers 21:12; Numbers 22:41 וַיַּרְא מִשָּׁם, Deuteronomy 4:29 וּבִקַּשְׁתֶּם מִשָּׁם, Deuteronomy 30:4; Jeremiah 37:12; Hosea 2:17; Amos 9:2, Amos 9:3, Amos 9:4; Job 39:29 +. Peculiarly, Genesis 49:24 מִשָּׁם רֹעֶה אֶבֶן יִשְׂר׳ Ges De RVm from there [from heaven], (from) the Shepherd (י׳), the Stone (Rock) of Israel, Ew Di Sta from there (where is) the Shepherd of (רֹעֵה) the (Bethel-)stone of Israel; but both forced: text dubious; Gunk by the name (מִשֵּׁם; so 𝔖) of the Shepherd, etc. (as Ew Di).

אֲשֶׁר … מִשָּׁם whence Genesis 24:5; Numbers 23:13 +.

expressing origin, Genesis 3:23 the ground אֲשֶׁר לֻקַּח מִשָּׁם, Genesis 10:14 whence (= from whom) came forth the Phil., Judges 19:18 מִשָּׁם אָנֹכִי, I Samuel 10:12 אִישׁ מִשָּׁם, Isaiah 65:20.

of the mass, from which something is taken or made, Genesis 27:9; Genesis 30:32 (of צֹאן), Leviticus 2:2 וְקָמַץ מִשָּׁם וגו׳ (from the meal, etc., of a מנחה), I Kings 17:13 אַךְ עֲשָׂי לִי מִשָּׁם עֻגָה קְטַנָּה i.e. from the meal and oil, II Kings 7:2, II Kings 7:19 וּמִשָּׁם לֹא תֹאכִֽל׃, Ezekiel 5:3.

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שֵׁם

n.m. II Samuel 7:9 name (√ unknown; Thes שׁמה, cf. Ba^{ZMG xii (1887), 635}; Lag^{BN 160} ושּׁם, Arabic وَسَمَ brand, mark, cf. RS^{K 213, 303 ff.} Köii^{. 1. 104}; NH = BH (especially הַשֵּׁם = יהוה), Ph. שם Lzb ³⁷⁷; Assyrian šumu; Sab. סם Hom^{Chr 124}; Ethiopic ስmም Arabic إِسْمٌ, أُسْمٌ, سِمٌ, سُمٌ, Aramaic שֵׁם, שְׁמָא, also שׁוּם, שֻׁם (Kö^{ii. 1. 512}), ܫܶܡ, ܫܡܳܐ, Old Aramaic, Palm. שם Lzb ³⁷⁷);—abs. שׁ׳ Genesis 6:4 +; cstr. שׁ׳ Genesis 12:8 +, rarely שֶׁם־ I Samuel 8:2 +; sf. שְׁמִי Exodus 3:15 +, שִׁמְךָ Genesis 32:9 +, שְׁמֶ֑ךָ I Kings 18:31 +, etc.; pl. שֵׁמוֹת (rarely שֵׁמֹת) Genesis 2:20 +; cstr. שְׁמוֹת Exodus 6:16 +, sf. שְׁמוֹתָם Numbers 13:4 +, שְׁמוֹתָן Ezekiel 23:4^(×2);—name:

of river Genesis 2:11, Genesis 2:13, Genesis 2:14, beasts v Genesis 2:19, Genesis 2:20, city Genesis 26:33 (all J) +; שׁ׳ היּוֹם †Ezekiel 24:2, i.e. exact designation of it (+ אֶת־עֶצֶם הַיּ׳ הַזֶּה).

usually of pers.: Genesis 4:17, Genesis 4:19^(×2) (J) +; as signif. I Samuel 25:25, cf. Proverbs 21:24; especially in phr. וַיְהִי אִישׁ … וּשְׁמוֹ אֶלְקָנָה I Samuel 1:1, cf. I Samuel 9:1, I Samuel 9:2, Jeremiah 37:13 + 28 times; less often as גָּלְיָת שְׁמוֹ I Samuel 17:4, cf. Zechariah 6:12 + 5 times (cf. in Assyrian Krae^{BAS i. 430}); freq. c. קָרָא (q.v. 5 e, 6; Niph. 2, Pu.; note here, נִקְרָא שׁ׳ עַל in token of ownership II Samuel 12:28 (v. Dr), Isaiah 4:1); rarely, שִׂים אֶת־שְׁמוֹ אֲבִימֶלֶךְ Judges 8:31, cf. II Kings 17:34; Nehemiah 9:7; וַיָּ֫שֶׂם לָהֶם שׁ׳ Daniel 1:7; c. יֵאָמֵר Genesis 32:29 (J); change of name is without vb., as Genesis 17:15 (P), or (usually) c. יִהְיֶה Genesis 35:10 (P) Isr. shall be thy name, cf. Genesis 17:5; I Kings 18:31; I Chronicles 22:9, also וַיַּסֵּב אֶת־שְׁמוֹ יְהו׳ II Kings 23:34 = II Chronicles 36:4, cf. II Kings 24:17, and (subj. י׳) שׁ׳ עוֹלָם אֶתֶּן־לוֹ Isaiah 56:5; מַה־שְּׁמֶ֑ךָ Genesis 32:28, cf. Exodus 3:13; Proverbs 30:4, מִי שְׁמֶ֑ךָ Judges 13:17; be explicitly mentioned is: וְכֻלָּם בְּשֵׁמוֹת Ezra 10:16, נִקְּבוּ בְשׁ׳ Numbers 1:17; I Chronicles 16:41; II Chronicles 28:15; II Chronicles 31:19; Ezra 8:20, הַבָּאִים בְּשׁ׳ I Chronicles 4:38, וַיָּבֹאוּ הַכְּתוּבִים בְּשׁ׳ v I Chronicles 4:41; of things, וּבְשֵׁמוֹת תִּפְקְדוּ Numbers 4:32 (P), + v Numbers 4:27 (read בְּשֵׁמֹת 𝔊 Di Baen Gray); יְדַעְתִּיךָ בְּשֵׁם Exodus 33:12 (subj. י׳), i.e. acknowledge thee, personally (as mine), cf. v Exodus 33:17 (both J); בְּשׁ׳ פ׳ as the representative of I Samuel 25:5, I Samuel 25:9 I Kings 21:8 Jeremiah 29:25 Esther 2:22; Esther 3:12; Esther 8:8^(×2), Esther 8:10 (cf. also 3).

= reputation; (1) וַאֲגַדְּלָה שְׁמֶ֑ךָ Genesis 12:2 (J), וְעָשִׂתִי לְךָ שׁ׳ גָּדוֹל כְּשֵׁם הַגְּדֹלִים אֲשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ II Samuel 7:9; †make oneself a name וְנַעֲשֶׂה לָנוּ שׁ׳ Genesis 11:4 (J), וַיַּעַשׂ לוֹ שׁ׳ II Samuel 8:13, of י׳ Jeremiah 32:20, hence Nehemiah 9:10 Daniel 9:15, Isaiah 63:12, Isaiah 63:14, so c. שׂוּם II Samuel 7:23 = I Chronicles 17:21; וַיֵּצֵא לָךְ שֵׁם בְּ׳ Ezekiel 16:14 (cf. I Chronicles 14:17), II Chronicles 26:15 עַד־לְמֵרָחוֹק, v II Chronicles 26:8 וַיֵּלֶךְ שְׁמוֹ עַד־לְ׳; II Samuel 23:18, II Samuel 23:22; = fame, glory, Zephaniah 3:19, Zephaniah 3:20 Ezekiel 39:13.—Ezekiel 34:29 read perhaps שָׁלֹם 𝔊 Siegf Be Toy; Co שָׁלֵם; Krae conj. שָׁמֵן; אַנְשֵׁי הַשֵּׁם Genesis 6:4 (J), Numbers 16:2 (J), אַנְשֵׁי שַׁמוֹת I Chronicles 5:24; I Chronicles 12:31 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:30); c. neg. בְּנֵי בְלִי־שֵׁם Job 30:8; (2) bad sense, וְהוֹצִא עָלֶיהָ שֵׁם רָ֑ע Deuteronomy 22:14, cf. v Deuteronomy 22:19 Nehemiah 6:13; = byword Ezekiel 23:10; טְמֵאַת הַשּׁ׳ Ezekiel 22:5.

especially as giving a man a kind of posthumous life, especially in his sons, אֵין־לִי בֵן בַּעֲבוּר הַזְכִּיר שְׁמִי II Samuel 18:18, לְהָקִים לְאָחִיו שֵׁם בְּ׳ Deuteronomy 25:7, cf. v Deuteronomy 25:6 Ruth 4:5, Ruth 4:10, without whom it is blotted out, etc., Deuteronomy 25:6, cf. Numbers 27:4 (P), Ruth 4:10, so that to destroy one’s name = extirpate family (and שֵׁם sometimes is ‖ זֶרַע) I Samuel 24:22 (Gi v I Samuel 24:21), II Samuel 14:7 (‖ שְׁאֵרִית), so of peoples Deuteronomy 7:24; Deuteronomy 9:14; Deuteronomy 12:3 Isaiah 14:22 +; לֹא יָזָּרַע מִשִּׁמְךָ עוֹד Nahum 1:14 (of Nineveh); כֵּן יעֲמֹד זַרְעֲכֶם וְשִׁמְכֶם Isaiah 66:22; more abstr. (‖ זֵכֶר) Job 18:17 Proverbs 10:7.

name, as designation of God, specif. of י׳ (especially Je Ez Isaiah 2, Isaiah 3 ψψ):—first (in Hex) in phr. ק׳ בְּשׁ׳ י׳ Genesis 4:26 (J), call with, i.e. use the name י׳ in worship, so Genesis 12:8; Genesis 13:4; Genesis 21:33; Genesis 26:35 + (v. קרא 2 c); hence, of place of worship, בְּכָל־הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר אַזְכִּיר אֶת־שְׁמִי שָׁם Exodus 20:21 (Gi v Exodus 20:18); אֶת־שְׁמוֹ שָׁם [לְשַׁכֵּן] לָשׂוּם Deuteronomy 12:5, Deuteronomy 12:11 +; בָּנָה בַּיִת לִשְׁמִי II Samuel 7:13 + often; people come לְשׁ׳ י׳ Joshua 9:9 (R^D), so לְמַעַן שׁ׳ I Kings 8:41 = II Chronicles 6:32, Isaiah 60:9; seek it Psalms 83:17; swear with בְּשׁ׳ י׳ I Samuel 20:42 Deuteronomy 6:13; Deuteronomy 10:20 Leviticus 19:12, cf. (לַשָּׁוְא) Exodus 20:7^(×2) = Deuteronomy 5:11^(×2); תָּפַשׂ שׁ׳ י׳ Proverbs 30:9; נִקְרָא שְׁמִי עַל־, etc., in token of ownership (cf. 2 a), Jeremiah 7:10 + (v. p. 896 a); = his reputation, fame, c. עָשָׂה לוֹ, v. 1 b (1), cf. Joshua 7:9; בְּשׁ׳ י׳, i.e. as his representative Exodus 5:23 (J), I Samuel 17:45 Deuteronomy 10:8 II Samuel 6:18 II Kings 2:24 + (v. 2 a ad fin.); especially as embodying the (revealed) character of י׳: י׳ שְׁמוֹ Amos 5:8; Amos 9:6 Jeremiah 33:2, זֶה שְּׁמִי לְעֹלָם Exodus 3:15 (E; ‖ זֵכֶר; fundamental passage), Exodus 6:3 (P); צְבָאוֹת שְׁמוֹ (א׳) י׳ Amos 4:13; Amos 5:27 Jeremiah 10:16; Jeremiah 46:18 + 10 times Je Isaiah 2, י׳ קַנָּא שְׁמוּ Exodus 34:14 (J; cf. Exodus 20:5 Nahum 1:2), קָדוֹשׁ שׁ׳ Isaiah 57:15, שׁ׳ קָדְשִׁי[וֹ] Amos 2:7 Ezekiel 39:7; Ezekiel 43:7 Psalms 103:1 + often; hence object of knowledge Isaiah 52:6 Jeremiah 48:17, יֹדְעֵי שְׁמֶ֑ךָ Psalms 9:11 (‖ דֹּרְשֶׁיךָ), love Isaiah 56:6, אֹהֲבֵי שׁ׳ Psalms 5:12; Psalms 69:37; Psalms 119:132, fear Psalms 61:6, especially of praise, etc. (הִלֵּל, הִזְכִּיר, הוֹדָה, בֵּרַךְ, etc.): לְשִׁמְךָ אֲזַמֵּר II Samuel 22:50 (‖ אוֹדְךָ, and so very often ‖ י׳) = Psalms 18:50, cf. I Chronicles 16:10; I Chronicles 29:13 Psalms 45:18 Isaiah 26:13 I Kings 8:33, I Kings 8:35 = II Chronicles 6:24, II Chronicles 6:26 Psalms 8:2, Psalms 8:10 +; הָבוּ לי׳ כְּבוֹד שְׁמוֹ Psalms 29:2; Psalms 96:8, and many combinations; opp. חִלֵּל אֶת־שׁ׳ א׳ Leviticus 18:21 +, נקב שׁ׳ י׳ Leviticus 24:16, נִאֵץ שׁ׳ Psalms 74:10, Psalms 74:18, etc.; הַשּׁ׳ הַנִּכְבָּד וְהַנּוֹרָא Deuteronomy 28:58, cf. Nehemiah 1:11, לְמַעַן שִׁמְךָ, in appeals to י׳ to act according to his character Jeremiah 14:7, Jeremiah 14:21 Ezekiel 20:9, Ezekiel 20:14 Isaiah 48:9; Isaiah 66:5 Psalms 25:11; Psalms 31:4 +; שׁ׳ י׳ is powerful agent, בְּשִׁמְךָ הוֹשִׁיעֵנִי Psalms 54:3 (‖ בִּגְבוּרָתְךָ), cf. Psalms 124:8; of מַלְאַךְ י׳, י׳ says שְׁמִי בְּקִרְבּוֹ Exodus 23:21 (E); הַשֵּׁם Leviticus 24:11 is prob. scribal substitution for word י׳ (already beginning to be thought ineffable, especially c. וַיִּקֹּב cf. Gei^{Urschr. 273 f.} Di Dr-Wh Baen); on development of this usage, and Jewish use of הַשּׁ׳ as personif. or hypostasis, v. Levy^{NHWB s. v.} Jastr ^{s. v.}.—קָרוֹב שְׁמֶ֑ךָ Psalms 75:2 is striking, but doubtful, < 𝔊 Dy Che Gr Hup-Now קֹרְאֵי שׁ׳, Du קָרָנוּ בִשׁ׳ (= קָרָאנוּ).

of false gods, use forbidden Exodus 23:13 (E), Joshua 23:7 (R^D), cf. Hosea 2:19 Psalms 16:4; speak בְּשֵׁם אלהים אחרים Deuteronomy 18:20; קָרָא בְשׁ׳ א׳ I Kings 18:24, I Kings 18:25, I Kings 18:26; יֵלְכוּ בְשׁ׳ א׳ Micah 4:5.

= memorial, monument Isaiah 55:13 (‖ אוֹת; so Che Du > = fame Di-Kit), יָד וָשֵׁם טוֹב מִבָּנִים וגו׳ Isaiah 56:5 (with word-play on שׁ׳ 2 c).

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שֵׁם²

n.pr.m. first son of Noah;—Genesis 5:32; Genesis 6:10; Genesis 7:13; Genesis 10:1, Genesis 10:22, Genesis 10:31; Genesis 11:10^(×2), Genesis 11:11 (all P), Genesis 9:18, Genesis 9:23, Genesis 9:26, Genesis 9:27; Genesis 10:21 (all J), I Chronicles 1:4, I Chronicles 1:17, I Chronicles 1:24; Σημ.

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שְׁמוּאֵל

n.pr.m. Samuel (= name of Ēl Thes al. (or, his name is Ēl Hom^{Heb. Trad. 98 f.} Wkl^{KAT3 225} Now I Samuel 1:20), cf. פְּנוּאֵל, רְעוּאֵל; v. Dr I Samuel 1:20; Prät^{ZMG 1903, 777 ff.} caritative from יִשְׁמָעֵאל; Palm. שמואל Lzb ³⁷⁷; v. further Gie^{AT1 Schätzung d. Gottesn. (1901), 102 ff.});—

great prophet, 11th cent. b.c., Σαμουηλ: I Samuel 1:20 (name expl. as if from שָׁאַל), I Samuel 1:18, I Samuel 1:21, I Samuel 1:26 + 125 times 1 S, I Chronicles 6:13, I Chronicles 6:18; I Chronicles 9:22; I Chronicles 11:3; I Chronicles 26:28; I Chronicles 29:29; II Chronicles 35:18; Jeremiah 15:1 Psalms 99:6.

in Simeon, Numbers 34:20 (P), Σαλαμιηλ.

in Issachar I Chronicles 7:2, (Ι)σαμουηλ.

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שְׁמִידָ֑ע

n.pr.m. in Manasseh (the name knoweth? cf. Sab. ידעסמהו DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 16});—Numbers 26:22 (Συμαερ), Joshua 17:2 I Chronicles 7:19, Συμαρειμ, etc.; 𝔊L Σαμ(ε)ιδα(ε).

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שִׁמְאָה

n.pr.m. in Benjamin I Chronicles 8:32 Σεμαα, Σαμαα, etc., = following.

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שִׁמְאָם

n.pr.m. = foreg., I Chronicles 9:38, Σαμα(α).

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שַׁמָּא

v. שַׁמָּה, √ שׁמם.

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שַׁמְגַּר

n.pr.m. a ‘judge,’ son of Anath, Judges 3:31; Judges 5:6, Σαμα[ε]γαρ (on this name (Hittite?) cf. GFM Judges 3:31; Nö^{ZMG xiii (1888), 479} conj. שׁמגד.)

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שַׁמָּה

v. שׁמם.

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שַׁמְהוּת

n.pr.m. captain of Israel I Chronicles 27:8, Σαλαωθ, A 𝔊L Σαμαωθ; prob. = ii. שַׁמָּה 3 b, q.v.

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שְׁמוּאֵל²

v. sub שֵׁם.

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שַׁמּוֹת

v. ii. שַׁמָּה, √ שׁמם.

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שַׁמַּי

v. √ שׁמם.

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שְׁמִידָע

-דָעִי v. שֵׁם.

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שַׁמְלַי

Ezra 2:46, v. שַׂלְמַי.

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שְׁמִטָּה

n.f. a letting drop of exactions, a (temporary) remitting: תַּעֲשֶׂה שׁ׳ Deuteronomy 15:1 (at end of seven years), v Deuteronomy 15:2 כִּי קָרָא שׁ׳ לי׳; whence seventh year is שְׁנַת הַשּׁ׳ v Deuteronomy 15:9; Deuteronomy 31:10.

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שָׁמֵם

vb. be desolated, appalled (connex. of meanings not clear) (NH id.; J.Aram שְׁמַם Ithp. be dazed);—

Pf. 3 fs. שָׁמֵ֑מָה Ezekiel 35:15, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשֹּׁם I Kings 9:8 +, 3 mpl. יָשֹׁ֫מּוּ Job 17:8 Psalms 40:16, etc.; Imv. mpl. שֹׁ֫מּוּ Jeremiah 2:12; Inf. cstr. (?) metapl. שַׁמּוֹת Ezekiel 36:3 (Ges^{§ 67r}, but v. infra);—תֵּשַׁם, etc. (v. [יָשַׁם]) are placed here by most; Ezekiel 6:6 reads תִּישָׁ֑מְנָה, v. Ges^{§ 67 p dd};—Pt. שׁוֹמֵם Lamentations 3:11 (v. also Pōʿ.); f. שֹׁמֵמָ֔ה (Ges^{§ 84 a s}) II Samuel 13:20 +; pl. שׁוֹמֵמִין Lamentations 1:4, etc.;—

be desolated, of Tamar II Samuel 13:20 (i.e. deflowered, or deserted; others appalled), of pers. elsewhere late Lamentations 1:16; נְתָנַנִי שֹׁמֵמָה v Lamentations 1:13, שָׂמַנִ֫י שׁ׳ Lamentations 3:11; pt. as n.f. בְּנֵי שׁוֹמֵמָה Isaiah 54:1 (opp. בְּעוּלָה) [Daniel 8:13 + v. Pōʿ.]; usually of land, etc. (sometimes = deserted), Isaiah 49:8; Ezekiel 33:28 (מֵאֵין עוֹבֵר), Ezekiel 35:12 (read שָֽׁמְמוּ Qr Co Toy Krae; > Kt שׁממה), v Ezekiel 33:15; הֶחֳרָבוֹת הַשֹּׁמְמוֹת Ezekiel 36:4 (‖ הֶעָרִים הַנֶּעֱזָבוֹת); שַׁמּוֹת v Ezekiel 33:3 is prob. corrupt, Co שְׁאָט as v Ezekiel 33:5, Hi-Sm from שׁמה = נשׁם, Toy נָשֹׁם, Krae נְשֹׁם, Lamentations 1:4; Lamentations 5:18; pt. fpl. as n. = desolate places Isaiah 49:19; Isaiah 61:4 (both ‖ חֳרָבוֹת), v Isaiah 61:4 (cf. שְׁמָמָה Isaiah 62:4); = desolations Daniel 9:18, Daniel 9:26.

be appalled, awestruck, usually at (עַל) judgments on others, Leviticus 26:32 (H), Jeremiah 2:12 (v. II. [חָרֵב]), Ezekiel 26:16; Ezekiel 27:35; Ezekiel 28:19; Isaiah 52:14; Job 17:8, cf. I Kings 9:8 = II Chronicles 7:21, Jeremiah 18:16; Jeremiah 19:8; Jeremiah 49:17; Jeremiah 50:13; on oneself Psalms 40:16 (עַל־עֵקֶב).—Isaiah 42:14 v. [נשׁם].

Pf. 3 fs. נָשַׁ֫מָּה Jeremiah 12:11 +, 3 pl. נָשַׁ֫מּוּ Zephaniah 3:6 +; Pt. f. נְשַׁמָּה Ezekiel 36:34 +, etc.;—= Qal:

be desolated, of roads Leviticus 26:22 (H), Isaiah 33:8, bamoth Amos 7:9 (‖ יֶחֱרָ֑בוּ), altars Ezekiel 6:4; cf. Ezekiel 25:3; Ezekiel 32:15 Zephaniah 3:6; Zechariah 7:14; Joel 1:17 Psalms 69:26; lands Jeremiah 12:11; Ezekiel 29:12; Ezekiel 30:7; Ezekiel 36:34, Ezekiel 36:35, cities Isaiah 54:3 (opp. יוֹשִׁיבוּ), cf. Ezekiel 36:35; Amos 9:14; Jeremiah 33:10; הַנְּשַׁמָּה Ezekiel 36:36 the desolated (sc. land, in fig.).

be appalled Jeremiah 4:9; Lamentations 4:5; Ezekiel 4:17; Ezekiel 30:7, c. עַל rei Job 18:20.

Pt.

וָאֵֽשְׁבָה מְשׁוֹמֵם Ezra 9:3 I sat appalled, cf. v Ezra 9:4.

transit. appalling, causing horror (Dr ^{Dn 150 f.}): (הַ)שִּׁקּוּץ מְשֹׁמֵם Daniel 11:31, + perhaps Daniel 9:27 (v. שִׁקּוּץ); so also שִׁקּ׳ שֹׁמֵם Daniel 12:11 (on שׁ׳ v. Ges^{§ 52s}), הַפֶּשַׁע שֹׁמֵם Daniel 8:13 the crime causing horror, and שׁ׳ as n. Horror-causer, appaller, Daniel 9:27.

Pf. 2 ms. הֲשִׁמּ֫וֹתָ Job 16:7, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשִּׁים (Ges^{§ 67y}) Jeremiah 49:20; Jeremiah 50:45, 3 mpl. sf. וַיְשִׁמֵּם I Samuel 5:6, 1 pl. נַשִּׁים Numbers 21:30, etc.; Imv. mpl. הָשַׁמּוּ (Ges^{§ 67v}) Job 21:5; Inf. abs. הַשְׁמֵם Micah 6:13; Pt. מַשְׁמִים Ezekiel 3:15;—

devastate, ravage, acc. pers. I Samuel 5:6; Ezekiel 20:26; Hosea 2:14 (fig. of vine), Job 16:7; acc. loc. Leviticus 26:31, Leviticus 26:32 (H), Jeremiah 10:25; Ezekiel 30:12, Ezekiel 30:14 Psalms 79:7, so (acc. om.) Numbers 21:30 (poem in JE), Micah 6:13;—Ezekiel 14:8 v. שִׂים Hiph.

appall, acc. pers., c. עַל at, Jeremiah 49:20; Jeremiah 50:45; Ezekiel 32:10.

inwardly trans., וָאֵשֵׁב מַשׁ׳ Ezekiel 3:15 shewing horror, Job 21:5 (Bu Niph. הִשַּׁמּוּ).

Inf. abs. כָּל־יְמֵי הָשַּׁמָּה (sc. הָאָרֶץ) Leviticus 26:34 (H) all the days of (its) being desolate, so v Leviticus 26:35 II Chronicles 36:21; Aramaizing, בָּהְשַׁמָּה (Ges^{§ 67y}) Leviticus 26:43.

Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁתּוֹמֵם Psalms 143:4, etc.;—

be appalled, astounded, כִּי that, because, Isaiah 59:16; Isaiah 63:5; עַל rei Daniel 8:27; בְּתוֹכִי יִשְׁתּ׳ לְבִּי Psalms 143:4 (cf. 1 pl. נשתומם Ecclus Ben Sira 43:24).

cause oneself desolation, ruin, Ecclesiastes 7:16 (תִּשּׁוֹמֵם, var. תִּשְׁתּוֹמֵם).

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שָׁמֵם²

adj. devastated;—שׁ׳ of sanctuary Daniel 9:17; f. שְׁמֵמָה of land Jeremiah 12:11.

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שְׁמָמָה

n.f. a devastation, waste;—abs. שׁ׳ Exodus 23:29 +; pl. cstr. שִׁמְמוֹת Jeremiah 51:26 +;—waste, usually of land, city, houses, etc., Exodus 23:29 (E), Isaiah 1:7 (prob. del., with words foll. Stu^{JPTh. 1877, 714} FB^{JBL (1890), 84}), Leviticus 26:33 (H), Jeremiah 4:27 + 14 times Je (‖ מֵאֵין אָדָם וגו׳ Jeremiah 32:43, מֵאֵין ישֵׁב Jeremiah 34:22), Ezekiel 6:14 + 18 times Ez (Ezekiel 35:7 read שְׁמָמָה וּמְשַׁמָּה for MT שִֽׁמְמָה וּשְׁמָמָה, so Hi Co Toy Krae al.) +; of prince, יִלְבַּשׁ שׁ׳ Ezekiel 7:27; of idols Micah 1:7; כּוֹס שַׁמָּה וּשׁ׳ Ezekiel 23:33.—Ezekiel 35:12 v. שׁמם Qal.

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שִֽׁמְמָה

Ezekiel 35:7 v. foregoing.

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שַׁמָּא²

n.pr.m. in Asher, I Chronicles 7:37, Σεμ(μ)α, etc.

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שַׁמָּה²

n.f. waste, appalment (24 times Je);—abs. שׁ׳ Jeremiah 5:30 +; pl. abs. שַׁמּוֹת Psalms 46:9;—

a waste, of land, etc., Psalms 46:9 Hosea 5:9; Isaiah 5:9; Isaiah 13:9; Isaiah 24:12; Zechariah 7:14; Jeremiah 2:15; Jeremiah 4:7; Jeremiah 18:16; Jeremiah 19:8; Jeremiah 46:19; Jeremiah 48:9; Jeremiah 50:3; Jeremiah 51:29, Jeremiah 51:43, vine Joel 1:7; pers. Psalms 73:19; כּוֹס שׁ׳ וּשְׁמָמָה Ezekiel 23:33.

appalment, horror, i.e. occasion of it; of people, land, etc., Deuteronomy 28:37; II Kings 22:19; Micah 6:16; Zephaniah 2:15; Jeremiah 5:30; Jeremiah 25:9, Jeremiah 25:11, Jeremiah 25:18, Jeremiah 25:38; Jeremiah 29:18; Jeremiah 42:18; Jeremiah 44:12, Jeremiah 44:22; Jeremiah 49:13, Jeremiah 49:17; Jeremiah 50:23; Jeremiah 51:37, Jeremiah 51:41; II Chronicles 29:8; II Chronicles 30:7; שׁ׳ הֶחֱזִקָ֑תְנִי Jeremiah 8:21.

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שַׁמָּה³

n.pr.m.

in Edom Genesis 36:13, Genesis 36:17; I Chronicles 1:37, usually Σομε.

third son of Jesse I Samuel 16:9; I Samuel 17:13, Σαμ(μ)α, 𝔊L Σαμαα; v. שִׁמְעָא, שִׁמְעָה, שִׁמִעִי.

Σαμαια(ς), etc., heroes of David:

II Samuel 23:11 (om. accid. ‖ I Chronicles 11:13 Dr), v I Chronicles 11:33.

v I Chronicles 11:25 = שַׁמּוֹת I Chronicles 11:27, Σαμαωθ, Σαμ(μ)ωθ; prob. also שַׁמְהוּת I Chronicles 27:8.

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שַׁמּוֹת²

n.pr.m. v. foregoing.

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שַׁמַּי²

n.pr.m. in Judah:

I Chronicles 2:28^(×2), I Chronicles 2:32, Σαμ(μ)αι, etc.

I Chronicles 2:44, I Chronicles 2:45, Σαμαι.

I Chronicles 4:17, Σεμεν, Σεμμαι, Σαμι.

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שָׁמֵן

vb. grow fat (NH Hiph. id., also שֶׁמֶן; Arabic سَمِنَ be fat; Aramaic ܫܡܶܢ, especially der. spec. and deriv.; שְׁמֵין adj. fat: Assyrian šamnu, fat; Ph. (Pun.) שמן oil, so Palm. שמנא Lzb³⁷⁸; on relation of meanings Frä¹⁴⁷);—

Pf. 2 ms. שָׁמַ֫נְתָּ Deuteronomy 32:15 and Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁמַן v Deuteronomy 32:15 both of Israel (propserous and arrogant) under fig. of fat beast; so Pf. 3 pl. שָֽׁמְנוּ Jeremiah 5:28 (of wicked).

Impf. 3 mpl. וַיַּשְׁמִינוּ Nehemiah 9:25 were sated and shewed fatness (inner causat.); Imv. ms. הַשְׁמֵן Isaiah 6:10 make fat (dull, unreceptive), לֵב הָעָם הַזֶּה.

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שָׁמֵן²

adj. fat, robust;—שׁ׳ m. Judges 3:29 +, f. שְׁמֵנָה Genesis 49:20 +;—

fat, rich, of food, Genesis 49:20 (poem in J), Isaiah 30:23 (+ דָּשֵׁן), Habakkuk 1:16 (‖ בְּרִאָה); of land, fertile Numbers 13:20 (E), Nehemiah 9:25, Nehemiah 9:35, pasturage Ezekiel 34:14 I Chronicles 4:40. (I Samuel 15:9 v. מִשְׁנֶה 3).

stout, robust, of men Judges 3:29 (‖ אִישׁ חַיִל; v. GFM); f. coll. (fig. of flock) Ezekiel 34:16 (+ הַחֲזָקָה).

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שָׁמָן

n.[m.] fat, fertile, place;—pl. cstr. מִשְׁמַנֵּי הָאָרֶץ (Ges^{§§ 20 a, 93 ee}) Genesis 27:28 (poem in J; מִן partit.), v Genesis 27:39 (poem in E; מִן priv. according to Thes Ew Di Gunk al.; < partit. here as v b, 𝔙 [𝔊 ἀπὸ in both], AV RV Nö^{Ency. Bib. 1184}, cf. Dr).

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שֶׁ֫מֶן

n.m. II Kings 20:13 (on appar. f. Song of Songs 1:3 cf. Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 99, 106}) fat, oil;—שׁ׳ abs. Genesis 28:18 +, cstr. Leviticus 8:2 +; שָׁ֑׳ II Kings 4:6 +; sf. שַׁמְנִי Hosea 2:7 +, etc.; pl. שְׁמָנִים Amos 6:6 +; sf. שְׁמָנֶיךָ Song of Songs 1:3, -נַיִךְ Song of Songs 4:10;—

fat, fatness: קֶרֶן בֶּן־שׁ׳ Isaiah 5:1 (of fertile slope); pl. גֵּיא־שְׁמָנִים Isaiah 28:1, Isaiah 28:4; of food (in fig.) Isaiah 25:6^(×2); lit. בְּשָׂרִי כַּחַשׁ מִשָּׁ֑מֶן Psalms 109:24 (cf. צוֹם v a), cf. מִפְּנֵי שׁ׳ Isaiah 10:27 (in fig., si vera l., meaning obscure; most now emend by conjecture; RS^{JPh xiii (1885), 62} עָלָה מִצָּפוֹן שֹׁדֵד [v. also II. חבל], joining to v Isaiah 10:28; Du Marti has gone up from P^ene-Rimmon [??], cf. Di-Kit).

oil, specif. olive-oil, as rich product Deuteronomy 8:8 + (v. זַיִת); hence עֵץ שׁ׳ Isaiah 41:19 oil-tree, usually explained as wild olive, oleaster, so Nehemiah 8:15 (‖ זַיִת), עֲצֵי שׁ׳ oleaster-wood I Kings 6:23, I Kings 6:31, I Kings 6:32, I Kings 6:33; once שׁ׳ הַמֹּר Esther 2:2 (v. מֹר p. 600b; מ׳ also in holy anointing oil Exodus 30:23).

שׁ׳ as staple (condiment) Numbers 11:8 (J; v. לשׁד), of value I Kings 17:12, I Kings 17:14, I Kings 17:16; II Kings 2:4, II Kings 2:6, II Kings 2:7 + 4 times; symb. of plenty Deuteronomy 32:13; Deuteronomy 33:24; Job 29:6; ascribed (falsely) to gift of Baals Hosea 2:7; as royal treasure II Kings 20:13 = Isaiah 39:2, cf. I Kings 5:25 (שׁ׳ כָּתִית, v. כ׳) = II Chronicles 2:9, II Chronicles 2:14 + 3 times; tribute Hosea 12:2, art. of trade Ezekiel 27:17; odoriferous Proverbs 27:9; Song of Songs 1:3; Song of Songs 4:10, שׁ׳ רוֹקֵחַ Ecclesiastes 10:1, so (fig.) Song of Songs 1:3; Ecclesiastes 7:1; Proverbs 27:16 is corrupt, v. Toy; sign of luxury Ezekiel 16:13; Proverbs 21:17, of prosperity Ezekiel 16:20.

שׁ׳ as medicament Isaiah 1:6; as unguent, for shield II Samuel 1:21, person Amos 6:6; Micah 6:15; Deuteronomy 28:40; Ezekiel 16:9; Esther 2:12 Psalms 92:11; Psalms 104:15, not for mourner II Samuel 14:2; on head, token of happiness Ecclesiastes 9:8, of hospitality, דִּשַּׁנְתָּ בַּשּׁ׳ רֹאשִׁי Psalms 23:5 (fig.), in sim. Psalms 133:2; Psalms 141:5.

for anointing king, פַּךְ הַשּׁ׳ I Samuel 10:1; II Kings 9:1, II Kings 9:3, cf. v Psalms 45:6, c. קֶרֶן I Samuel 16:1, I Samuel 16:13; I Kings 1:39; cf. בְּשׁ׳ קָדְשִׁי מְשַׁחְתִּיו Psalms 89:21.

in various figs., of joy שׁ׳ שָׂשׂוֹן Isaiah 61:3 Psalms 45:8; soft words Psalms 55:22 Proverbs 5:3; as penetrating Psalms 109:18; as clear, transparent Ezekiel 32:14.

used in primitive worship, poured on stone Genesis 28:18 (E), Genesis 35:14 (J).

in later ritual: for anointing priests, tabern., altar utensils, etc. (P), made of various ingred., שׁ׳ זַיִת among them, Exodus 30:24, שׁ׳ הָמִּשְׁחָה Exodus 25:6 Leviticus 8:2, Leviticus 8:10, Leviticus 8:12 + 11 times; שׁ׳ מִשְׁחַת־קֹדֶשׁ Exodus 30:25^(×2) + 2 times; שׁ׳ מ׳ י׳ Leviticus 10:7, שׁ׳ מ׳ אֱלֹהָיו Leviticus 21:12; שׁ׳ הַקּ׳ Numbers 35:25; שׁ׳ alone Leviticus 14:10 + 12 times Leviticus 14; for lighting Exodus 25:6 + 6 times + שׁ׳ זַיִת זָךְ כָּתִית Exodus 27:20; Leviticus 24:2 (v. כָּתִית); poured upon מִנְחָה Leviticus 2:1 + 5 times, cf. Leviticus 5:11 Numbers 5:15; smeared (v. מָשַׁח) upon wafers Exodus 29:2; Leviticus 2:4 +, and cakes (or mixed in the making? cf. בָּלַל) Exodus 29:2; Leviticus 2:4, Leviticus 2:5 +, so סֹלֶת בַּשׁ׳ Leviticus 2:7, etc. (c. 45 times in all), חַלַּת לֶחֶם שׁ׳ Exodus 29:23; Leviticus 8:26.

for use in temple I Chronicles 9:29.

for תְּרוּמָה in Ezekiel’s temple Ezekiel 45:14^(×2) + 7 times Ezekiel 45, Ezekiel 46.

efficacy denied Micah 6:7. †k. offered to idols Isaiah 57:9; Ezekiel 16:18, Ezekiel 16:19; Ezekiel 23:41.—Vid. Macalister^{HastDB Oil} ARS Kennedy^{Ency. Bib. Oil}.

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שְׁמֹנֶה

(less often שְׁמוֹנֶה), שְׁמֹנָה₁₀₉ n.m. et f. eight (on—ֶ cf. Ba^{NB 20, 200} and (against him) Philippi^{BAS ii. 364}; Arabic ثَمَانٍ, ثَمَانِيَةٌ, Sab. תֿמני(ת) Hom^{Chr 47, 122} DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 369 f., 375}; Aramaic תְּמָנֵי, תְּמַנְיָא, ܬܡܳܢܶܐ, ܬܡܳܢܝܳܐ; Nab. תמונא, Palm. תמניא, Lzb ³⁸⁶; NH = BH; Ph. שמן; Ethiopic ሰመንቱ, ሰማኒቱ on Assyrian equiv. v. Dl^{§ 75});—m. (c. n.f.) always abs. שְׁמֹנֶה Judges 3:8; + 40 times; f. (c. n.m.) abs. שְׁמֹנָה I Samuel 17:12 + 34 times, cstr. שְׁמֹנַת Numbers 2:24 + 3 times (cases of 8 + 10 = 18 are additional, v. infr.); pl. שְׁמֹנִים, 80, v. infr.:—

without other num.:

שְׁמֹנֶה card., before n.pl. Judges 3:8 I Kings 7:10 + 8 times; before n.sg. שָׁנָה I Kings 8:17 (Kt; Qr pl.), I Kings 22:1; after n.pl. Ezekiel 40:31; ordin. בִּשְׁנַת שׁ׳ לְ II Kings 24:12, בִּשׁ׳ שָׁנִים לְ II Chronicles 34:3.

שְׁמֹנָה card., before n.pl. I Samuel 17:12 + 3 times, + (n. om.) Jeremiah 14:15 + 2 times, also שׁ׳ אֵלֶּה Genesis 22:23 these 8, and, as round no., Micah 5:4 7 and 8 (i.e. plenty); after n.pl. Numbers 29:29; II Chronicles 29:17; ordin., בְּיוֹם שׁ׳ לְ v II Chronicles 29:17.

f. cstr. שְׁמֹנַת יָמִים Genesis 17:12; Genesis 21:4, שׁ׳ הַבָּקָר Numbers 7:8.

8 + 10 = 18:

c. n.f. שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה, card.: bef. sg. שָׁנָה Judges 3:14 + 2 times, אַמָּה I Kings 7:15 + 2 times; after n.pl. I Chronicles 26:9; II Chronicles 11:21; n. om. Ezra 8:18; Nehemiah 7:11; ordin., בִּשְׁנַת שׁ׳ ע׳ לְ I Kings 15:1 + 4 times; בִּשׁ׳ ע׳ שָׁנָה לְ II Kings 22:3 + 2 times; הַשָּׁנָה שׁ׳ ע׳ שָׁנָה לְ Jeremiah 32:1.

c. n.m. שְׁמֹנָה עָשָׂר card.: bef. sg. אֶלֶף Judges 20:44 + 4 times + Psalms 60:2 (title), so read for שְׁנֵים ע׳, cf. II Samuel 8:13 = I Chronicles 18:12; before pl. Ezra 8:9; n. om. Genesis 14:14; ordin., n. om. I Chronicles 24:15; I Chronicles 25:15; שְׁמֹנַת עָשָׂר אֶלֶף Judges 20:25.

c. other numerals:

שְׁמֹנֶה מֵאוֹת II Samuel 23:8 (so read also ‖ I Chronicles 11:11 Kit Benz, cf. Th We Dr al.), + 16 times.

שְׁמֹנָה אֶלֶף I Chronicles 12:36 (v I Chronicles 12:35 van d. H.), I Chronicles 23:3; שְׁמֹנַת אֲלָפִים Numbers 2:24 + 3 times.

שׁ׳, card., after tens I Samuel 4:15 + 20 times; before ten, only שׁ׳ וְעֶשְׂרִים בָּאַמָּה Exodus 26:2; Exodus 36:9; ordin., בִּשְׁנַת שְׁלשִׁים וּשׁ׳ שָׁנָה לְ I Kings 16:29; II Kings 15:8.

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שְׁמֹנִים

n.pl.indecl. an eighty;—without other num.: sq. sg. שָׁנָה Psalms 90:10 + 4 times, אִישׁ II Kings 10:24; Jeremiah 41:5; sq. n.pl. II Chronicles 26:17; Ezra 8:8; Song of Songs 6:8; n. om. II Kings 6:25; I Chronicles 15:9; c. other num., card.: שׁ׳ אֶלֶף Numbers 2:9 + 6 times; שׁ׳ foll. units Genesis 5:25 + 4 times; precedes, Genesis 16:16 + 4 times; foll. 100, etc. I Chronicles 25:7 + 6 times; precedes, Genesis 5:26 + 2 times; ordin., בִּשׁ׳ שָׁנָה וְאַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה לְ I Kings 6:1.

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שָׁמַע

vb. hear (NH id.; Ph. שמע Lzb³⁷⁸; Assyrian šemǔ; Arabic سَمِعَ; Sab. סמע, mostly in deriv., especially epith. div. סמע he who hears Hom^{Chr 124} Fell^{ZMG iiv (1900), 250, 252} DHM^{Hofmus. No. 10, l. 1}; Ethiopic ሰምዐ Aramaic שְׁמַע, ܫܡܰܥ, Old Aramaic שמע Lzb ³⁷⁸; cf. also משמעת MI ²⁸ obedience);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Genesis 24:52 +, שָׁמֵ֑עַ Jeremiah 36:13 + 3 times; 2 fs. שָׁמַעַתְּ I Kings 1:11 + 2 times; 3 pl. שָׁמֵ֑עוּ Judges 2:17 + 12 times; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁמַע Exodus 6:30 +, 1 s. cohort. אֶשִׁמְעָה Numbers 9:8, וָאֶשְׁמֳעָה (on—ֳ cf. Ges^{§ 10 h}; Ol ^{§ 65 c.} qu. reading) Daniel 8:13; 2 mpl. תִּשְׁמְע֔וּן Deuteronomy 8:20 +, תִּשְׁמָע֔וּן Deuteronomy 1:17, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁמַע Amos 7:16 +, שִׁמְעָה Job 32:10 + (especially ψψ), שְׁמָ֮עָה֮ Daniel 9:19; fpl. שְׁמַ֫עְנָה Isaiah 32:9; Jeremiah 9:19, שְׁמַ֫עַן Genesis 4:23 (Ges^{§ 46 f}), etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁמוֹעַ Isaiah 6:9 +; cstr. שְׁמֹעַ I Samuel 15:22 +; sf. שָׁמְעוֹ Deuteronomy 29:18 +, שָׁמְעָתוֹ Isaiah 30:19 (Ges^{§ 45 d}), etc.; Pt. שֹׁמֵעַ Genesis 42:23 +; f. שֹׁמַ֫עַת Genesis 18:10 +, etc.;—

subj. pers. hum. (vel rei personif.):

hear (perceive by ear), acc. rei, especially קוֹל Genesis 3:10 (J) + 46 times, דבר(ים) Amos 8:11 + 50 times, etc.; acc. חָכְמָה i.e. wise sayings I Kings 5:14 + 4 times; any utterance or sound (c. 150 times) + (obj. om.) Deuteronomy 4:33 + 32 times + (cl. temp.) I Samuel 14:27 + 6 times; c. ב I Samuel 14:6, שׁ׳ בְּסוֹד י׳ Job 15:8; Job 26:14; Job 37:2; c. obj. cl., כִּי Exodus 4:31 + 52 times + Isaiah 39:1 (read כִּי שׁ׳ 𝔊 𝔖 ‖ II Kings 20:12), אֶת־אֲשֶׁר Joshua 2:10; Joshua 5:1 (both R^D),—ֹֹמַה־ Judges 7:11 + 3 times; without connect. שׁ׳ אֹתָהּ עָשִׂיתִי †II Kings 19:25 = Isaiah 37:26; sq. orat. rect. †Isaiah 40:28; Zechariah 8:23.

acc. pers. + מְדַבֵּר hear one speaking Genesis 27:6 (J), Jeremiah 26:7; Daniel 8:13, so בֹּכֶה Numbers 11:10 (J), נִבָּא Jeremiah 20:1, מְקַלְלֶ֑ךָ Ecclesiastes 7:21; occas. pers. om., דֹּבְרִים Genesis 37:17 (JE), אֶת־מִדַּבֵּר Ezekiel 2:2; Ezekiel 43:6 (v. דבר Hithp.); acc. pers. only Daniel 12:7.

c. לֵאמֹר only, hear say = hear it said, I Samuel 13:4; II Samuel 19:3; Deuteronomy 13:13; Joshua 22:11 (P), I Kings 16:16; + עַל pers. concerning Genesis 41:15 (E), Isaiah 37:9; אֶל pers. id. II Kings 19:9.

hear of, concerning: (1) acc. rei, אֵת (כָּל־)אֲשֶׁר Exodus 18:1; II Kings 19:11 + 5 times, דבר(ים) I Samuel 3:11 + 4 times, רָעָה Jeremiah 19:3 + 5 times, etc.; כַּאֲשֶׁר I Samuel 23:11 Psalms 48:9, כָּזֹאת Isaiah 66:8 hear of anything like this, כָּאֵלֶּה Jeremiah 18:13; acc., etc., om. Judges 9:46 + 43 times; (2) less often acc. pers. Job 42:5, אֶל pers. Ezekiel 19:4, pers. om. Deuteronomy 9:2; c. ב pers. hear exultantly of their fate †Psalms 92:12 (prob. imitated from ‖ הִבִּיט בְּ v a; v. especially ראה 8 a (6)).

hear, abs., = have power to hear, II Samuel 19:36 (c. בְּקוֹל), Isaiah 21:3; Isaiah 32:3; Proverbs 20:12; Zechariah 7:11; in sim. Psalms 38:15; c. neg. of idols Deuteronomy 4:28 Psalms 115:6; fig. (spiritual power) Jeremiah 5:21; Deuteronomy 29:3; Ezekiel 12:2; Isaiah 42:20.—Proverbs 21:28 is probably corrupt, v. Toy.

hear with attention, interest, listen to (sometimes ‖ הֶאֱזִין, הִקְשִׁיב), acc. דבר(ים) (54 times) Amos 4:1 +, especially דבר(י) י׳ Numbers 12:6 (JE) + 45 times; אִמְרָה Isaiah 28:23, קוֹל v Isaiah 28:23, זֹאת Micah 3:9, etc.; often abs. Judges 5:3 + 57 times, + (neg.) Psalms 38:14 pay no attention; abs. לֵב שֹׁמֵעַ I Kings 3:9, אִישׁ שֹׁמֵעַ Proverbs 21:28.

understand (language), שָׂפָה Genesis 11:7 (J), Isaiah 33:19, לָשׁוֹן Deuteronomy 28:49, דְּבָרִים Ezekiel 3:6, מַה־יְּדַבֵּר Jeremiah 5:15, no acc. Genesis 42:23 (E), II Kings 18:26 = Isaiah 36:11.

specif. of hearing a (judicial) case, דָּבָר Deuteronomy 1:17, cf. v Deuteronomy 1:17; acc. om. בֵּין pers. v Deuteronomy 1:16, of י׳ Judges 11:10; c. מִשְׁפָּט I Kings 3:11; לִשׁ׳ הַטּוֹב וְהָרֵע II Samuel 14:17, וְשֹׁמֵע אֵין לְךָ II Samuel 15:3, cf. Job 31:35.

c. acc. pers. in polite address, hear us (me)! Genesis 23:6, Genesis 23:8, Genesis 23:11, Genesis 23:13, Genesis 23:15 (all P), I Chronicles 28:2; II Chronicles 13:4; II Chronicles 15:2; II Chronicles 20:20.

listen, give heed (sometimes ‖ הִקְשִׁיב), abs., Genesis 42:21 (E) + 18 times, + (usually ‖ הִטָּה אֹזֶן), Jeremiah 7:13 + 14 times Je, + (opp. חָדַל) Ezekiel 2:5 + 3 times Ez; + שִׂים עַל־לֵב Malachi 2:2; hear + do Deuteronomy 5:21; II Kings 18:12, etc.; = consent, agree, Genesis 37:27 (J), grant request Judges 11:17; c. ל pers. (mostly late) Judges 19:25; I Samuel 30:24; Job 15:17 + 16 times, לי׳ Hosea 9:17; Leviticus 26:14, Leviticus 26:18, Leviticus 26:21, Leviticus 26:27; לְדִבְרֵי י׳ I Samuel 15:1, לְעֵצָה Proverbs 12:15. k. c. אֶל pers. + listen to, yield to Genesis 49:2; Judges 2:17 + 69 times (אֶל־י׳ 15 times, especially Jeremiah 7:26 + 10 times Je), עַל pers. II Kings 20:13; אֶל־דִּבְרֵי etc., Deuteronomy 18:19; Jeremiah 29:19 + 14 times, עַל־דִּבְרֵי etc., II Kings 22:13 + 3 times; very rarely acc. rei I Samuel 24:10 (Gi v I Samuel 24:9). l. שׁ׳ לְקוֹל = id., obey, Genesis 3:17 (J) + 11 times + (לְקוֹל י׳) Judges 2:20; Exodus 15:26 (JE). m. very often, שׁ׳ בְּקוֹל = obey I Samuel 8:7 + 25 times, + שׁ׳ בְּקוֹל י׳ (י׳’s word, etc.) Deuteronomy 4:30; Jeremiah 3:13 + 65 times (Dt 18 times, Je 18 times). n. obey, c. acc. דבר(ים) Joshua 1:18 + 2 times + (ד׳ י׳) Jeremiah 11:3 + 5 times Je, I Kings 12:24 = II Chronicles 11:4, etc.; acc. pers. Exodus 6:12 (P), II Chronicles 28:11. o. abs. be obedient (especially to י׳) Isaiah 1:19; Micah 5:14; Jeremiah 12:17 + 4 times Je + 7 times.

י׳ (God) subj.:

acc. קוֹל, דברים, etc., Genesis 21:17 (E), II Kings 19:4^(×2), II Kings 19:16, usually with favour implied Numbers 20:16; Deuteronomy 33:7 +, so especially acc. תְּפִלָּה, תְּחִנָּה, etc., I Kings 8:45 Psalms 6:10 +.

obj. cl. כִּי Genesis 29:33 (J).

no obj. (32 times) Isaiah 59:2; Jeremiah 22:21, usually hear and forgive, help, etc., I Kings 8:30, I Kings 8:32; Isaiah 30:19 +; hear and be angry Psalms 78:59, cf. Psalms 55:20.

= be able to hear Isaiah 59:1 Psalms 94:9.

שׁ׳ בְּקוֹל = hear (and grant) Genesis 30:6 (J) + 6 times.

hear and answer, c. אֶל of cry, etc., Genesis 21:17; Genesis 16:11 I Kings 8:28 + 8 times; c. אֶל pers. Deuteronomy 3:26 + 12 times.

c. לְ of utterance Jeremiah 18:19 Psalms 61:6; ל pers. Joshua 24:10 (E).

hear, acc. pers. + מִתְנוֹדֵד Jeremiah 31:18; favourably, c. acc. pers. Micah 7:7 + 3 times, so, + ל concerning, Genesis 17:20 (P); obj. om. II Kings 22:19 Psalms 22:25 + 3 times + Psalms 34:7, Psalms 34:18 (hear and deliver); c. cl. temp. Jeremiah 11:14.

Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁמַע Genesis 45:16 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁמַע Exodus 23:13 +, יִשָּׁמֵ֑עַ I Samuel 1:13, etc.; Inf. cstr. הִשָּׁמַע Esther 2:8; Pt. f. נִשְׁמַ֫עַת Jeremiah 51:46, etc.;—

be heard, of voice, sound, etc., I Samuel 1:13; I Kings 6:7; Job 26:14 (or 1 pl. Qal Impf.?); of a report, נִשׁ׳ … לֵאמֹר Genesis 45:16 (E); subj. cl., כִּי, Nehemiah 6:1 (ל pers.), cf. cl. וְהַיְהוּדִים חשְׁבִים Nehemiah 6:6; v Nehemiah 6:7 be reported, (לַמֶּלֶךְ) כַּדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה; be heard, לִפְנֵי אֱלֹהֶיךָ Daniel 10:12.

be heard of, כָּמֹהוּ Deuteronomy 4:32.

be regarded, obeyed, Ecclesiastes 9:17; in II Samuel 22:45 = Psalms 18:45 it is be obedient (לִי), si vera l. (read perhaps Qal, cf. Now).

וַיִּשּׁ׳ בְּקוֹלָם II Chronicles 30:27 = (favourable) hearing was granted to their voice.

Impf. 3 ms. וַיְשַׁמַּע I Samuel 15:4 he caused the people (acc.) to hear (and respond, i.e. he assembled them), so I Samuel 23:8 (v. Hiph. 1 d).

Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁמִיעַ I Kings 15:22 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יַשְׁמִעֵנִי Deuteronomy 30:12, Deuteronomy 30:13; 2 ms. juss. תַּשְׁמַע Judges 18:25, etc.; Imv. ms. sf. הַשְׁמִיעֵנִי Psalms 143:8; fs. sf. הַשְׁמִיעִנִי Song of Songs 2:14; Song of Songs 8:13, etc.; Inf. cstr. לַשְׁמִעַ Psalms 26:7 (Ges^{§ 53q}); Pt. מַשְׁמִיעַ Jeremiah 4:15 +, etc.;—

of man:

cause to hear, acc. pers. + rei Deuteronomy 30:12, Deuteronomy 30:13; Song of Songs 2:14; Song of Songs 8:13 + 4 times; obj. rei om. (= make proclamation to) I Kings 15:22; obj. pers. om. Jeremiah 5:20 +; acc. שָׁלוֹם †Isaiah 52:7; Nahum 2:1 i.e. proclaim peace; אָוֶן †Jeremiah 4:15 (מִן loc.); הַשׁ׳ קוֹל utter a sound Joshua 6:10 (J; ‖ הֵרִיעַ), cf. Judges 18:25 (קוֹלְךָ, + עִמָּנוּ), Isaiah 42:2; Isaiah 58:4; הִשׁ׳ קוֹל תְּהִלָּתוֹ †Psalms 66:8, בְּקוֹל תּוֹדָה †Psalms 26:7.

abs. as musical term, sound aloud, בִּמְצִלְתַּיִם לְהַשְׁמִיעַ I Chronicles 15:19 (perhaps to mark the time, Gr Psalms 67 De: cf. Psalms 16:5; also Psalms 150:5 בְּצִלְצְלֵי שָׁ֑מַע), מַשְׁמִיעִים I Chronicles 15:16, I Chronicles 15:28; I Chronicles 16:42, לְהַשׁ׳ קוֹל אֶחָד II Chronicles 5:13 i.e. prob. in unison (Prince^{EB iii. 3241}), Nehemiah 12:42.

abs. make proclamation (often ‖ הִגִּיד), Amos 3:9; Amos 4:5; Isaiah 41:26; Jeremiah 4:5 + 6 times Je.

הַשְׁמִיעוּ, acc. pers. + אֶל loc. = summon Jeremiah 50:29, עַל loc. Jeremiah 51:27 (cf. Pi.).

י׳ subj.:

cause to hear, acc. pers. et rei Deuteronomy 4:10, Deuteronomy 4:36 (מִן loc.), II Kings 7:6 + 4 times; acc. pers. om. Isaiah 30:30 + 3 times; acc. rei om. Isaiah 44:8; Isaiah 48:5.

= tell, acc. pers. + כָּזֹאת Judges 13:23; acc. pers. only, Isaiah 42:9; acc. rei only, Isaiah 48:3; Ezekiel 36:15 (אֵלַיִךְ).

abs., make proclamation Isaiah 43:12; Isaiah 62:11 (אֶל loc.).

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שֶׁ֫מַע

n.[m.] sound;—הַלְלוּהוּ בְּצִלְצְלֵי שָׁ֑מַע Psalms 150:5 (‖ תְּרוּעָה).

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שֶׁ֫מַע²

n.pr.m. usually Σαμα(α), Σεμαα (cf. Sab. n.pr. סמע Hal⁵⁰⁹);—

in Judah I Chronicles 2:44, שָׁ֑מַע v I Chronicles 2:43.

in Reuben I Chronicles 5:8.

in Benj. I Chronicles 8:13 (= שִׁמְעִי v I Chronicles 2:21).

post-ex. Nehemiah 8:4, Σαμαιας.

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שֵׁ֫מַע

n.[m.] hearing, report (on form cf. Lag^{BN 143});—שׁ׳ abs. Isaiah 23:5; cstr. v Isaiah 23:5 +; sf. שִׁמְעִי Isaiah 66:19, etc.;—report, usually c. genit. obj.: acc. with שָׁמַע Genesis 29:13 (J) the tidings about Jacob, Isaiah 23:5 + (c. sf.) Numbers 14:15 (JE), Deuteronomy 2:25; I Kings 10:1 = II Chronicles 9:1; Nahum 3:19; Habakkuk 3:2; Jeremiah 37:5; Jeremiah 50:43; Isaiah 66:19, c. ל genit. Isaiah 23:5; לַעֲדָתָם Hosea 7:12 usually according to the report (heard by) their congregation (!), but inexpl. and prob. corrupt, We Now; Marti (cf. Oettli) עַל־רָעָתָם (כְּשֵׁמַע as gloss) according to their wickedness; נָשָׂא שׁ׳ שָׁוְא Exodus 23:1 (E) take up (utter) a false report; לְשׁ׳ אֹזֶן Psalms 18:45 i.e. as soon as heard of, = mere report Job 42:5 (opp. personal knowledge), cf. שִׁמְעָהּ Job 28:22.

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שְׁמַע

n.pr.loc. in S. Judah, Joshua 15:26, Σα(λ)μα(α).

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שָׁמָע

n.pr.m. a hero of David I Chronicles 11:44, Σαμαθα, Σαμμα (cf. OSem. שמע on scarab ClGann^{JAs 1883 Fev.-Mars, 135, No. 9}; also on seal from Megiddo (1904), cf. Kau^{Mitth. u. Nachr. DPV, 1904, 2 ff.}).

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שִׁמְעָא

n.pr.m.

brother of David II Samuel 21:21 Qr (cf. Dr; Kt שמעי) Σεμεει, 𝔊L Σαμαα, = I Chronicles 20:7, third son of Jesse I Chronicles 2:13; = שִׁמְעָה II Samuel 13:3, II Samuel 13:32, Σαμα(α), etc., שַׁמָּה (q.v.) I Samuel 16:9; I Samuel 17:13.

son of David I Chronicles 3:5 (= שַׁמּוּעַ 1), Σαμαν, Σαμαα.

Levites, Σομεα, Σαμα(α):

I Chronicles 6:15.

v I Chronicles 6:24.

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שִׁמְעָה

n.pr.m. v. שִׁמְעָא 1.

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שִׁמְעָת

n.pr.f. ^{II Chronicles 24:26} mother of one of Joash’s murderers, II Kings 12:22 (Ιεμουαθ), called Ammonitess II Chronicles 24:26 (Σαμα(αθ)).

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שִׁמְעָתִים

adj.gent.pl. as subst., family of scribes I Chronicles 2:55, Σαμαθ(ι)ειμ[ν].

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שְׁמוּעָה

n.f. report;—abs. שׁ׳ I Samuel 4:19 +, שְׁמֻעָה I Samuel 2:24 +; cstr. שְׁמֻעַת II Samuel 4:4; sf. שְׁמֻעָתֵ֫נוּ Isaiah 53:1; pl. abs. שְׁמֻעוֹת Daniel 11:44;—

report, sometimes after שָׁמַע I Samuel 2:24; I Samuel 4:19 (= news), I Kings 10:7 = II Chronicles 9:6, II Kings 19:7 = Isaiah 37:7, Jeremiah 51:46; שׁ׳ רָעָה Jeremiah 49:23, cf. Psalms 112:7, and שׁ׳ טוֹבָה Proverbs 15:30; Proverbs 25:25; tidings about Saul II Samuel 4:4; c. בָּאָה II Samuel 13:30 (+ לֵאמֹר), I Kings 2:28 Ezekiel 21:12 Jeremiah 10:22, cf. Jeremiah 51:46 + (בָּאָה om.) v Jeremiah 51:46; תָּבוֹא שׁ׳ אֶל־שׁ׳ Ezekiel 7:26; שׁ׳ יְבַהֲלֻהוּ Daniel 11:44; שְׁמוּעָתֵנוּ Isaiah 53:1 the report that reached us, cf. also Isaiah 28:9, Isaiah 28:19 Jeremiah 49:14 Obadiah 1:1 (De Du al. specif. of prophetic message, but v. Gie ^{Beiträge 155 f.} We Now Obadiah 1:1).

= mention, לֹא הֽיְתָה סְדֹם לִשׁ׳ בְּפִיךְ Ezekiel 16:56.

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שַׁמּוּעַ

n.pr.m.

son of David II Samuel 5:14 = I Chronicles 14:4, Σαμμους[ε], Σαμαα (= שִׁמְעָא 2).

Reubenite, Numbers 13:4, Σαμουηλ, Σαλαμιηλ, etc.

Levite, Nehemiah 11:17 (= שְׁמַעְיָה I Chronicles 9:16), Σαμουει, etc.; I Chronicles 12:18 (? same person), 𝔊L Σαμουε.

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שִׁמְעוֹן

n.pr.m. (cf. n.pr. שמעון in Palm. Lzb ³⁷⁸; meaning doubtful; RS al. cp. سِمْعٌ, said to mean offspring of hyena and wolf; v. Hogg^{EB iv. 4531});—

second son of Jacob and Leah, Συμεων: Genesis 29:33 (name expl. from שָׁמַע), Genesis 35:23 Exodus 1:2 + 14 times (assoc. especially with Levi Genesis 34:25, Genesis 34:30; Genesis 49:5).

tribal name Judges 1:3^(×2), Judges 1:17 Numbers 1:6 +; so בְּנֵי שׁ׳ Numbers 1:22 + 7 times, מַטֵּה שׁ׳ Numbers 1:23; Numbers 2:12; Numbers 13:5; מַטֵּה בְנֵי שׁ׳ Numbers 10:19; Numbers 34:20 Joshua 19:1, Joshua 19:8; Joshua 21:9 I Chronicles 6:50.

post-ex.. Jew with foreign wife Ezra 10:31.

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שִׁמְעִי

I. שִׁמְעִי₄₃ n.pr.m. usually Σεμεει:

in Benj.:

II Samuel 16:5, II Samuel 16:7, II Samuel 16:13; II Samuel 19:17, II Samuel 19:19, II Samuel 19:22, II Samuel 19:24, I Kings 2:8 + 10 times I Kings 2.

I Kings 1:8, perhaps = I Kings 4:18.

a Ramathite I Chronicles 27:27.

Levites:

‘son’ of Gershon Exodus 6:17 Numbers 3:18 I Chronicles 6:2; I Chronicles 23:7, I Chronicles 23:9, I Chronicles 23:10^(×2).

II Chronicles 31:12, II Chronicles 31:13.

Ezra 10:23.

brother of Zerub. I Chronicles 3:19.

in Simeon I Chronicles 4:26, I Chronicles 4:27.

in Reuben I Chronicles 5:4.

I Chronicles 8:13 = (ii.) שֶׁמַע v I Chronicles 8:13.

post-ex. names:

Ezra 10:33.

v Ezra 10:38 (cf. 3 g supr.).

grandfather of Mordecai Esther 2:5.

II Samuel 21:21 Kt (Qr שִׁמְעָא q.v. 1).

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שִׁמְעִי²

adj.gent. of 3 a;—c. art. as n.coll. הַשּׁ׳ Numbers 3:21; cf. Zechariah 12:13.

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שֵׁ֫מֶץ

n.[m.] whisper;—שׁ׳ abs. Job 4:12; cstr. שׁ׳ דָּבָר Job 26:14 a (mere) whisper of a word, something wholly inadequate.

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שָׁמַר

vb. keep, watch, preserve (NH id.; Ph. שמר in n.pr. and (Pun.) = watchman; TelAm. šimiru is perhaps overseer (Canaanism), Wkl^{No. 80, 1, 23}; Mand. סמירא preserved Nö^{M 46}; cf. Arabic سَمَرَ converse by night, stay awake (v. Lag^{BN 105}); Ba^{NB 175 f.; ES 43} infers from ܬܶܡܪܳܐ eyelid (cf. [שְׁמֻרָה] infr.), and Arabicثَمَلَ support, aid, protect (l = r), that two √ √ are combined in Heb.; but proof insuff.);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Genesis 37:11 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁמֹר I Samuel 2:9 +, יִשְׁמָר־ Jeremiah 5:24 +, sf. 3 ms. יִשְׁמְרֶנּוּ Exodus 21:29, Exodus 21:36; 3 fs. sf. תִּשְׁמוּרֵ֑ם Proverbs 14:3 (read תִּשְׁמְרוּם, v. Ges^{§ 47 g} Toy), etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁמֹר Job 2:6 +, שָׁמְרָה I Chronicles 29:18 +; mpl. שִׁמְרוּ Joshua 6:18 +, etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁמוֹר Deuteronomy 5:12 +; cstr. שְׁמֹר Genesis 3:24 +, sf. שָׁמְרָהּ Genesis 2:15, etc.; Pt. act. שֹׁמֵר I Samuel 1:12 +, etc.; pass. שָׁמוּר Ecclesiastes 5:12 (I Samuel 9:24 v. infr.), etc.;—[Synon. I. נָצַר, נָטַר, q.v.]:

keep, have charge of, garden Genesis 2:15 (J), ark I Samuel 7:1, property in trust Exodus 22:6, Exodus 22:9 (E), cf. I Samuel 25:31; tend flock Genesis 30:31 (E), cf. Zechariah 3:7 Numbers 3:8 (P); so perhaps (obj. om.) Hosea 12:13 (where שׁ׳ chosen for parallelism Now Marti al.); Pt. הֲשֹׁמֵר אָחִי אָנֹ֑כִי Genesis 4:9 (J), שׁ׳ of sheep I Samuel 17:20, שׁ׳ הַכֵּלִים v I Samuel 17:22, שׁ׳ הַבְּגָדִים II Kings 22:14 II Chronicles 34:22, שׁ׳ הַנָּשִׁים Esther 2:3, Esther 2:8, Esther 2:15, cf. v Esther 2:14, etc.

keep, guard, captives Joshua 10:18 (J), I Kings 20:39, דֶּרֶךְ Genesis 3:24 (J); keep watch and ward, אֶל pers. over whom I Samuel 26:15 (Psalms 59:10 v. 3 end), עַל pers. v Psalms 59:16 Proverbs 6:22; בַּנַּעַר II Samuel 18:12 have a care of (read לִי for מִי 𝔊), cf. II Kings 9:14; in hostile sense, אֶל הָעִיר (in siege) II Samuel 11:16, עַל חַטָּאתִי Job 14:16 (but read תַּעֲבֹר c. 𝔊 Ew Di Du al. [not Hi Bu]); abs. c. מֵעַל Ecclesiastes 5:7 watcheth above, etc. (v. p. 759 a d); keep one’s mouth, be prudent of speech †Proverbs 21:23, cf. Micah 7:5; keep = protect, save, one’s life, נֶפֶשׁ †Proverbs 13:3; Proverbs 16:17; Proverbs 19:16; Proverbs 22:5, another’s Job 2:6; in Pr, acc. pers., subj. wisdom, Proverbs 4:6 she shall preserve thee, cf. (+ מִן of evil) Proverbs 6:24; Proverbs 7:5; especially Pt. watch, watchman, of city Isaiah 21:11^(×2), Isaiah 21:12; Isaiah 62:5 (fig.), Song of Songs 3:3; Song of Songs 5:7^(×2) Psalms 127:1; שׁ׳ הַסַּף (in temple) Jeremiah 35:4 + (v. סַף), הַשּׁ׳ פֶּתַח בֵּית הַמֶּלֶךְ I Kings 14:27 = II Chronicles 12:10, שׁ׳ הַשְּׁעָרִים Nehemiah 13:22, שֹׁמְרֵי הַבַּיִת (fig.) Ecclesiastes 12:3; שׁ׳ הַבַּיִת keep the house (of David’s concubines) †II Samuel 15:16; II Samuel 16:21; II Samuel 20:3; שֹׁמֵר הַכֵּלִים I Samuel 17:22, שׁ׳ הַבְּגָדִים II Kings 22:14, שׁ׳ הַפַּרְדֵּס Nehemiah 2:8, שׁ׳ הַנָּשִׁים Esther 2:3, Esther 2:14, Esther 2:15, שֹׁמְרִים abs. Judges 7:19 Jeremiah 51:12.

hence watch for, wait for, acc. pers. I Samuel 19:11 (to kill him), cf. Psalms 59:1 (title; acc. הַבַּיִת); c. עֲקֵבַי Psalms 56:7 = dog my steps, Psalms 71:10 Jeremiah 20:10; = watch (suspiciously) Job 10:14; Job 13:27; Job 33:11; abs. הַשֹּׁמְרִים Judges 1:24; wait for, נֶשֶׁף Job 24:15, לַבֹּקֶר Psalms 130:6^(×2).

watch, observe, acc. rei I Samuel 1:12 Ecclesiastes 11:4 Job 39:1 Jeremiah 8:7 (of birds), with intelligence Isaiah 42:20 Psalms 107:43; acc. pers. Psalms 37:37 (‖ ראה), Zechariah 11:11; acc. of sin Psalms 31:7; Psalms 130:3; acc. rei, for the purpose of avoiding, Psalms 17:4.

keep, retain, of storing up (food) Genesis 41:35 (E); abs. Ecclesiastes 3:6 (opp. הִשְׁלִיךְ); treasure up (in memory) Genesis 37:11 (E), cf. Malachi 2:7 I Chronicles 29:18 Proverbs 4:21 (בְּתוֹךְ לְבָבֶ֑ךָ), Proverbs 22:18 (בְּבִטְנֶ֑ךָ); retain wrath Amos 1:11 (read שָׁמַר לָנֶצַח We Now GASm Marti; v. also נָטַר 1) + (anger om.) Jeremiah 3:5 (‖ נטר).

keep within bounds, restrain, obj. שׁוֹר Exodus 21:29, Exodus 21:36 (E); c. acc. hand, מִן of evil Isaiah 56:2; fig. keep thy foot, c. cl. temp. Ecclesiastes 4:17; אֶשׁ׳־לְפִי מַחְסוֹם ψ (Psalms 39:2 𝔊 Du al. אָשִׂימָה); appar. reflex. (= Niph.), †Joshua 6:18 (+ מִן־הַחֵרֶם), poss. sc. נַפְשְׁכֶם Di.

observe, celebrate, acc. of festival, etc., Exodus 23:15 (E), Exodus 34:18 (J), Exodus 12:17, of day v Exodus 12:17 (P), of month Deuteronomy 16:1.

keep sabbath †Deuteronomy 5:12 Leviticus 19:3, Leviticus 19:30; Leviticus 26:2 (all H), Exodus 31:13, Exodus 31:14, Exodus 31:16 (P), Isaiah 56:4, also (+ מֵחַלְּלוֹ) v Isaiah 56:2, Isaiah 56:6.

of other obligations: keep covenant Ezekiel 17:14, especially covenant of י׳ Deuteronomy 29:8; I Kings 11:11 + 5 times, שְׁבֻעַת י׳ I Kings 2:43, perform vow Deuteronomy 23:24; keep commands Jeremiah 35:18; Ezekiel 20:18; especially מִצְוֹת, חֻקִּים, עֲבֹדָה, etc., of י׳ (sometimes ‖ נצר), Exodus 20:6 = Deuteronomy 5:10; Amos 2:4; I Kings 2:3 Psalms 119:8, Psalms 119:17, Psalms 119:34 + very often (c. 120 times); שׁ׳ דֶּרֶךְ י׳ Genesis 18:19 (J) + 4 times, דַּרְכֵי י׳ II Samuel 22:22 = Psalms 18:22, ד׳ י׳ om. Judges 2:22; שׁ׳ אָרְחוֹת צַדִּיקִים Proverbs 2:20 (‖ תֵּלֵךְ בְּדֶרֶךְ טוֹבִים), שׁ׳ דְּרָכַי (ways of wisdom) Proverbs 8:32 (Psalms 17:4 v. 1 d); keep, discharge an office, כְּהֻנָּה Numbers 3:10; Numbers 18:7 (both P), abs. II Chronicles 5:11; a function or duty, especially שׁ׳ מִשְׁמֶרֶת Leviticus 8:35; Numbers 1:53 + c. 32 times (v. מ׳ infr.); acc. of obligation often om., especially D (and R^D) keep and do Deuteronomy 4:6; Deuteronomy 7:12 + 8 times; to do Deuteronomy 5:1, Deuteronomy 5:26 + 16 times D + 3 times, etc.

observe = follow dictates of (prudence, justice, kindness, wisdom) Hosea 12:7 (חֶסֶד וּמִשְׁפָּט), Isaiah 56:1; Proverbs 4:4; Proverbs 5:2; Proverbs 7:1, Proverbs 7:2; bad sense, observe vanities Psalms 31:7.—Doubtful are: לִשְׁמֹר abs. Hosea 4:10, very strange (conj. in We Now Marti); שָׁמוּר I Samuel 9:24, HPS אֵחַרְנוּ, cf. Now Bu^Comm.; Psalms 59:10 read עֻוִּי אֵלֶיךָ אֲוַמֵּ֑רָה (as v I Samuel 9:18, 𝔖 Che Bae).

sometimes י׳ subj.:

keep, preserve, protect, acc. pers., + ב of way, etc., Genesis 28:15, Genesis 28:20 (J), Exodus 23:20 (E; of מַלְאָךְ), Psalms 91:11 (מ׳), Joshua 24:17 (E); acc. pers. (or נפשׁ) only: I Samuel 30:23; Jeremiah 31:9; Numbers 6:24 (P), Job 29:2 Psalms 16:1 + 10 times ψψ; + מִן Psalms 121:7 + 2 times; acc. רַגְלַי I Samuel 2:9, cf. Proverbs 3:26 (מִן); Pt. שֹׁמְרֶ֑ךָ Psalms 121:3, Psalms 121:5, cf. v Psalms 121:4, etc.; acc. of city Psalms 127:1.

c. acc. בְּרִית, ל pers. Deuteronomy 7:12, + חֶסֶד v Deuteronomy 7:7 + 5 times, הַשּׁ׳ אֱמֶת לְעוֹלָם Psalms 146:6; הַשְּׁבֻעָה Deuteronomy 7:8, etc.; pass. of covenant (י׳ agent) עֲרוּכָה בַכֹּל וּשְׁמֻרָה II Samuel 23:5 (legal terminology, Dr).

keep, reserve, weeks of harvest Jeremiah 5:24 (ל pers.).

Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁמַר II Samuel 20:10, etc.; Impf. 3 fs. תִּשָּׁמֵר Judges 13:13; 2 mpl. תִּשָּׁמִ֑רוּ Exodus 23:13; Imv. ms. הִשָּׁמֵר Isaiah 7:4 (לְךָ) הִשָּׁ֫מֶר Genesis 24:6 +; fs. הִשָּֽׁמְרִי Judges 13:4, etc.;—

be on one’s guard, c. בַּחֶרֶב II Samuel 20:10 by reason of the sword, i.e. against it; c. ב temp. I Samuel 19:2, שָׁם II Kings 6:10; take heed Exodus 23:13 (E) Deuteronomy 2:4; c. מִן pers. Exodus 23:21 (E), Jeremiah 9:3; מִן rei Judges 13:13; Deuteronomy 23:10; מִן inf. take care not to, etc. Genesis 31:29 (E), II Kings 6:9; inf. without מִן Exodus 19:12 (J), but read prob. מֵעֲלוֹת; sq. פֶּן lest Genesis 24:6 (J) + 11 times (especially Dt); c. (וְ)אַל juss. Exodus 10:28 (J), Judges 13:4; Job 36:21, c. Imv. coörd. Isaiah 7:4.—Very often Imv. (24 times), especially in phr. הִשָּׁמֶר־לְךָ (12 times), הִשָּׁמְרוּ לִכֶם (3 times); + לְנַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם Deuteronomy 4:15; Joshua 23:11 (R^D; + inf.); + בְּנַפ׳ Jeremiah 17:21 appar. ב pret. on peril of your life (cf. ב III. 3 a), so perhaps also בְּרוּחֲכֶם Malachi 2:15, Malachi 2:16 (We Now).

keep oneself, refrain, abstain, מֵאִשָּׁה I Samuel 21:5.

be kept, guarded, Hosea 12:14 (cf. שׁ׳ of Jacob v Hosea 12:13); be preserved (by י׳) Psalms 37:28 (לִעוֹלָם), but read prob. נִשְׁמָ֑דוּ (לְעוֹלָם) עַוָּלִים Hup-Ri (Now) Che Bae Du Dr.

Pt. pl. מְשַׁמְּרִים הַבְלֵי־שָׁוְא Jonah 2:9 those paying regard to false vanities (cf. Qal Psalms 31:7).

Impf. 1 s. וָאֶשְׁתַּמֵּר מֵעֲוֹנִי Psalms 18:24 I kept myself from, etc. = II Samuel 22:24 (vb. cohort.); 3 ms. וְיִשְׁתַּמֵּר חֻקּוֹת עָמְרִי Micah 6:16, but read וְתִשְׁמֹר thou keepest, observest, We Now GASm.

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שֶׁ֫מֶר

n.pr.m. (proposes clan-name, cf. Sta^{ZAW v (1885), 166f.}, cf. Sab. שמר Os 13, but NAram شِمْر DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1885). 14} SabDenkm ³⁰);—Σεμ(μ)ηρ, etc.:

שׁ׳ orig. owner of hill where Sam. was built I Kings 16:24^(×2).

שָׁ֑מֶר:

Levite I Chronicles 6:31.

in Asher I Chronicles 7:34, A 𝔊L Σωμηρ; = שֹׁמֵר v I Chronicles 6:32.

in Benj. I Chronicles 8:12 van d. H.; > שֶׁמֶד q.v.

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שָׁמְרָה

n.f. guard, watch;—שִׁיתָה י׳ שׁ׳ לְפִי Psalms 141:3 (‖ נִצְּרָה עַל־דַּל שְׂפָתָ֑י).

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שֹׁמֵר

n.pr.m.

father of one of Joash’s murderers II Kings 12:21, Σωμηρ, 𝔊L Σεμμηρ (called שִׁמְרִית q.v., a Moabitess, ‖ II Chronicles 24:26).

Asherite I Chronicles 7:32, Σαμηρ, Σωμηρ; = שֶׁמֵר 2 b.

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שִׁמְרִי

n.pr.m. usually Σαμαρει, etc.:

in Simeon, I Chronicles 4:37.

father of a hero of David I Chronicles 11:45.

Levites:

I Chronicles 26:10.

II Chronicles 29:13, Ζαμβρει, Σαμβρι.

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שִׁמְרִית

n.pr.f. Moabitish mother of one of Joash’s murderers II Chronicles 24:26 (m. Σομαιωθ, A Σαμαριθ; f. 𝔊L Σαμιραμωθ), ‖ שֹׁמֵר n.pr.m. II Kings 12:21.

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שֹׁמְרוֹן

n.pr.loc. capital of N. Isr. from Omri’s time (belonging to clan שֶׁמֶר, Sta^{ZAW v (1885), 165–175}; originally שַׁמְרוֹן or שַׁמְרַיִן; Assyrian Samerîna COT I Kings 16:24);—שׁ׳ I Kings 16:24 (name expl. as from שֶׁמֶר, orig. owner of site), v I Kings 16:28, I Kings 16:29, I Kings 16:32; I Kings 20:1, I Kings 20:10 +; שֹׁמְר֫וֹנָה I Kings 20:43; II Kings 6:19; II Kings 14:14; personified as woman Ezekiel 16:46, Ezekiel 16:51, Ezekiel 16:53, Ezekiel 16:55; Ezekiel 23:4, Ezekiel 23:33; king of N. Isarel is מֶלֶךְ שׁ׳ I Kings 21:2; II Kings 1:3; מ׳ יִשׂ׳ אֲשֶׁר בְּשׁ׳ I Kings 21:18, cf. מָלַךְ עַל־יִשׂ׳ בְּשׁ׳ I Kings 22:52 + 9 times; thence name of territory, שְׂדֵה שׁ׳ Obadiah 1:19, עָרֵי שׁ׳ I Kings 13:32 (point of view of later editor), II Kings 17:24, II Kings 17:26; II Kings 23:19; הָרֵי שׁ׳ Amos 3:9; Jeremiah 31:5,—cf. הַר־שׁ׳ Amos 4:1; Amos 6:1; I Kings 16:24; perhaps שׁ׳ alone Jeremiah 23:13; I Kings 18:2; II Kings 17:24, II Kings 17:28; II Chronicles 25:13; חֵיל שׁ׳ Nehemiah 3:34.—𝔊 usually Σαμαρεια, but I Kings 16:24 Σεμερω, Σαεμερων, Σομορων; = mod. Sebastieh; vid. GASm^{G. 346 ff.} Buhl ^{G 207 f.} Cowley^{Ency. Bib. s. v.} Wilson^{Hast. DB s. v.}.

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שִׁמְרוֹן

n.pr.loc. Canaanite city, with king: Joshua 11:1, in Zebulun Joshua 19:15, Συμοων, Σομερων, etc., = שׁ׳ מְראוֹן Kt (שׁ׳ מְרוֹן Qr) Joshua 12:20.

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שִׁמְרוֹן²

n.pr.m. son of Issachar, Genesis 46:13; Numbers 26:24; I Chronicles 7:1; Ζαμβραμ, Σαμβρα, Σεμερων, etc.

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שֶׁ֫מֶר²

n.m. ^{Isaiah 25:6} only pl. lees, dregs (fig.);—abs. שְׁמָרִים Isaiah 25:6^(×2) (in both = wine matured by resting undisturbed on the lees); sf. שֹׁקֵט הוּא אֶל־שְׁמָרָיו Jeremiah 48:11 (of Moab’s undisturbed life), cf. (of careless men) הַקֹּפְאִים עַל־ שִׁמְרֵיהֶם Zephaniah 1:12; שְׁמָרֶיהָ Psalms 75:9 (of י׳’s cup of judgment).

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שָׁמִיר

n.m. Ezekiel 3:9 thorn(s), adamant, flint;—abs. שׁ׳ Isaiah 5:6 +; sf. שְׁמִירוֹ Isaiah 10:17;—

coll. thorns, thorn-bushes, token of waste-land, only Is, + שַׁיִת Isaiah 5:6; Isaiah 7:23, Isaiah 7:24, Isaiah 7:25; Isaiah 27:4; fig. Isaiah 9:17; Isaiah 10:17; קוֹץ שׁ׳ Isaiah 32:13.

adamant, as sharp, כְּתוּבָה … בְּצִפֹּרֶן שׁ׳ Jeremiah 17:1 (‖ בְּעֵט בַּרְזֶל); as hard, fig. of prophet’s firmness Ezekiel 3:9; Zechariah 7:12 fig. of hard heart.

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שָׁמִיר²

n.pr.loc.

in הַר אֶפְרַיִם Judges 10:1, Judges 10:2, Σαμειρ; A 𝔊L Σαμαρεια.

in (יְהוּדָה) הַר Joshua 15:48, Σαμειρ; A 𝔊L Σαφειρ.

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שָׁמִיר³

n.pr.m. Levite, I Chronicles 24:24 Qr, Σαμηρ, Σεμμηρ (Kt שמור).

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שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ

n.f. Judges 19, Judges 14 et m. Genesis 19, Genesis 23 (Albr ^{ZAW xv (1895), 324}) sun;—abs. שׁ׳ Joshua 10:12 +, שָׁ֑מֶשׁ Judges 20:43 +; sf. שִׁמְשֵׁךְ Isaiah 60:20, שִׁמְשָׁהּ Jeremiah 15:9; pl. sf. שִׁמְשֹׁתַ֫יִךְ Isaiah 54:12;—

sun, Genesis 37:9 (E; + moon, stars); marking time: as rising (vb. זָרַח q.v.) Exodus 22:2 (E) + 8 times + Malachi 3:20 (fig. שׁ׳ צְדָקָה, of reward of the faithful, with wings, i.e. rays? Now GASm; or winged sun-disc [cf. We]?); vb. יָצָא Genesis 19:23 (J), Isaiah 13:10; Judges 5:31 (sim. of splendour; v יָצָא 1 f); setting (vb. בּוֹא) Genesis 15:17 (J), Amos 8:9 + 19 times, + וַיְהִי הַשּׁ׳ לָבוֹא Genesis 15:12 (JE), שׁ׳ יָדַע מְבוֹאוֹ Psalms 104:19 (v. בּוֹא 1 i, מָבוֹא 2); as giving daylight Isaiah 60:9; hot I Samuel 11:9; Nehemiah 7:3; Exodus 16:21 (P), cf. Isaiah 49:10; Jonah 4:8 Psalms 121:6; as ripening crops Deuteronomy 33:14 (poem), cf. (fig.) Job 8:16, tanning the face Song of Songs 1:6; standing still at Joshua’s word Joshua 10:12, Joshua 10:13 (poem in J; ‖ יָרֵחַ), v Joshua 10:13 (J), cf. Habakkuk 3:11 (+ יָרֵחַ); casting shadow (on dial), יָֽרְדָה בְמַעֲלוֹת אָחָז בַּשּׁ׳ Isaiah 38:8, וַתָּשָׁב הַשּׁ׳ v Isaiah 38:8; set in sky by י׳ Jeremiah 31:25 Psalms 19:5; Psalms 74:16; Psalms 136:8, enduring Psalms 72:5, Psalms 72:17 (cf. עִם 1 g, p. 768; [פָּנֶה] II. 4 a (e), p. 817), also Psalms 89:37; personif., called to praise י׳ Psalms 148:3 (+ יָרֵחַ); to be darkened by י׳’s judgment, Ezekiel 32:7; Joel 2:10; Joel 3:4; Joel 4:15 (cf. Amos 8:9 supr., Micah 3:6).

of direction: מִמִּזְרַח הַשּׁ׳ Numbers 21:11 (E) toward sun-rise, = East, cf. Deuteronomy 4:41, Deuteronomy 4:47 + 16 times (v. מִזְרָח p. 280); מְבוֹא הַשּׁ׳ Deuteronomy 11:30 + 3 times (v. מָבוֹא 2, p. 99).

obj. of worship (usually + moon, stars, etc.) II Kings 23:5; Jeremiah 8:2; Ezekiel 8:16; Deuteronomy 4:19; horses given to שׁ׳ II Kings 23:11, מַרְכְּבוֹת הַשּׁ׳ v II Kings 23:11.—Vid. also בֵּית שׁ׳ p. 112b.

other phr.:

נֶגֶד הַשּׁ׳, i.e. openly, publicly, II Samuel 12:12; Numbers 25:4 (P), so לְעֵינֵי הַשּׁ׳ II Samuel 12:11.

fig. of living, חָזָה שׁ׳ Psalms 58:9, רָאָה שׁ׳ Exodus 6:5; Exodus 7:11; Exodus 11:7, opp. תֶּחְשַׁךְ הַשּׁ׳ Exodus 12:2.

תַּחַת הַשּׁ׳, i.e. on the earth, Ecclesiastes 1:3 + 28 times Ec (cf. Gk. ὑφʼ ἡλίῳ, Kue^{Ond. iii. 196; Eini. iii.192}).

pinnacle, as glittering, shining, pl. Isaiah 54:12 thy pinnacles, battlements (of Zion), so perhaps sg. שׁ׳ וּמָגֵן י׳ אֱלֹהִים Psalms 84:12 battlement and shield is י׳ א׳ (Gr Bae Du Buhl; most sun, and so Thes De Che SS; Hup-Now hesitates).

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שִׁמְשׁוֹן

n.pr.m. Samson (Assyrian n.pr. Šamšânu, Hilpr^{Murâshu 27, 70}; on שמש in Arabic n.pr. trib. cf. Nö^{ZMG xi (1886), 166});—Σαμψων: Judges 13:24; Judges 14:1, Judges 14:3 + 35 times Judges 14, Judges 15, Judges 16.

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שָׁן

v. בֵּית שְׁאָן.

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שֵׁן

v. שׁנן.

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שֵׁנָא

v. שֵׁנָה √ יָשֵׁן.

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שִׁנְאָב

n.pr.m. king of Admah Genesis 14:2, Σεννααρ (v. שִׁנְעָר v Genesis 14:1, 𝔊 id.).

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שִׁנְאָן

v. sub III. שׁנה.

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שָׁנָה

vb. change (NH Pi, etc.; Ecclus Ben Sira 42:24, etc.; Assyrian šanû, change, Aramaic שְׁנָא, Nab. Ethpa. Lzb³⁷⁹; Syriac ܫܢܳܐ, especially mentally = grow insane; cf. (prob.) NH שָׁנָה year, = Ph. שנת, שת; MI 2, 8 שת; Assyrian šattu (cf. Muss-Arnolt^{JBL xi (1892), 73 n.}); Arabic سَنَةٌ; Aramaic שְׁנַא, שַׁתָּא, ܫܢܳܐ, ܫܰܢ݈ܬܳܐ; Old Aramaic, Nab., Palm. שנתא, שנת, שת, שנן Lzb^{379 f.}; on year from changing seasons, v. Philippi^{ZMG xxxii (1878), 79 f.} Ba^{ZMG xli (1887), 612, 621, 636} (especially against DHM ^{VIme Orient. Congr. ii. 1, 452} who proposes bilit. √), cf. Thes; a daring suggestion by Jen^{ZA vii (1892), 177});—

Pf. 1 s. לֹא שָׁנִיתִי Malachi 3:6 I am י׳, I do not change; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁנֶא (Ges^{§ 77 rr}) Lamentations 4:1 how is the fine gold changed (si vera l.; Löhr^Now יִשָּׁנֵא; gloss on יוּעַם Bu Löhr); Inf. cstr. שְׁנוֹת יְמִין עֶלְיוֹן Psalms 77:11 the right hand of the Highest is changed (𝔖 𝔙 𝔗 Aq Sym Theod Hup-Now RVm Bae Du We Buhl; AV RV Ew De Che al. years, usually ins. I will remember); Pt. שׁוֹנִים Esther 1:7 differing, different, c. מִן, cf. Esther 3:8 (so Ecclus Ben Sira 42:24); Proverbs 24:21 those who change (but dub., v. Toy).

transit., change, alter: Pf. 3 ms. שִׁנָּה Jeremiah 52:33 c. acc. garments, = שִׁנָּא (Ges^l.c.) II Kings 25:29; Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׁנֶּה דִּין Proverbs 31:5 lest he pervert the judgment; וַיְשַׁנּוֹ I Samuel 21:14 (read וַיְשַׁן Ges^{§ 75bb}, וַיְשַׁנֶּה We Dr (and reff.), cf. Bu HPS Now), c. acc. טַעְמוֹ (v טַעַם, and Assyrian šanê ṭêmi, madness); וַיְשַׁנֶּהָ Esther 2:9, i.e. changed her place לְטוֹב בֵּית הַנָּשִׁים; 1 s. Psalms 89:35 the utterance of my lips I will not change (‖ לֹא אֲחַלֵּל בְּרִיתִי); Inf. cstr. לְשַׁנּוֹת אֶת־דַּרְכֵּךְ Jeremiah 2:36 i.e. change thy political course; בְּשַׁנּוֹתוֹ אֶת־טַעְמוֹ Psalms 34:1 (title; cf. I Samuel 21:14 supr.); Pt. מְשַׁנֶּה פָנָיו Job 14:20 altering his face, i.e. in death (subj. God).

Impf. 3 ms. וְעֹז פָּנָיו יְשֻׁנֶּא (Ges^{§ 75rr}) Ecclesiastes 8:1, usually is changed, mollified, Siegf יִשָּׂנֵא is hated (on עֹז פ׳ v. עֹז 4, √ עזז).

Pf. 2 fs. consec. קוּמִי נָא וְהִשְׁתַּנִּית I Kings 14:2 arise, pray, and disguise thyself.

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שָׁנָה²

n.f. (on appar. except v. Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 46}), year (etym. v. √);—abs. שׁ׳ Amos 2:10 +; cstr. שְׁנַת Genesis 41:50 +; sf. שְׁנָתוֹ Ezekiel 46:13 +, שְׁנָתָהּ Leviticus 14:10 + 2 times; du. שְׁנָתַיִם Amos 1:1 +, -תָ֑יִם I Kings 15:25 +; pl. שָׁנִים Exodus 21:2 +, cstr. שְׁנֵי Genesis 23:1 + 24 times, שְׁנוֹת Deuteronomy 32:7 + 8 times (poet. and late); sf. שָׁנָיו Leviticus 25:52 + 4 times sf.; שְׁנוֹתַי Isaiah 38:15 Psalms 31:11, שְׁנוֹתָם Psalms 78:33 + 8 times sf.;—year, as division of time, Exodus 23:14, Exodus 23:17 3 times בַּשָּׁנָה +, etc.; רֵשִׁית הַשּׁ׳ Deuteronomy 11:12, opp. אַחֲרִית הַשּׁ׳ v Deuteronomy 11:12, צֵאת הַשּׁ׳ Exodus 23:16, תְּקוּפַת הַשּׁ׳ Exodus 34:22 II Chronicles 24:23, תְּשׁוּבַת הַשּׁ׳ II Samuel 11:1 +, etc.; בָּא שָׁנָה II Kings 13:20, read כְּבֹא שׁ׳ 𝔊 Bur, בארץ שׁ׳ בְשׁ׳ Kit, cf. שׁ׳ בְשׁ׳ = year by year I Samuel 1:7 +; בַּשָּׁנָה Benz, cf. Nehemiah 10:33; so שׁ׳ שׁ׳ Deuteronomy 14:22, שׁ׳ אַחֲרֵי שׁ׳ II Samuel 21:1, בְּכָל־שׁ׳ וְשׁ׳ Esther 9:21, Esther 9:27; especially of duration of life; (יְמֵי) שְׁנֵי חַיֵּי פ׳ Genesis 23:1; Genesis 25:7 + (P); שְׁנֵיהֶם Job 36:11 +, שְׁנוֹתַי Psalms 31:11 (‖ חַיַּי), etc.; of God Job 10:5 Psalms 102:25, Psalms 102:28; in phr. of age, v. בֵּן 9, בַּת 9; indef. שָׁנִים Ezekiel 38:17 = for years, לְקֵץ שׁ׳ Daniel 11:6; זֶה־יָמִים אוֹ זֶה שָׁנִים I Samuel 29:3; specif. בִּשְׁנַת מוֹת הַמֶּלֶךְ Isaiah 6:1; Isaiah 14:28, בִּשְׁנַת בֹּא תַּרְתָּן Isaiah 20:1, שְׁנַת הַשְּׁמִטָה Deuteronomy 15:9; Deuteronomy 31:10, שְׁנַת הַיּוֹבֵל Leviticus 25:13 +, etc.; שְׁנֵי שָׂכִיר Isaiah 16:14; Isaiah 21:16 (v. שָׂכִיר); שְׁנַת פְּקֻדָּתָם Jeremiah 11:23 + 2 times; שׁ׳ רָצוֹן לְי׳ Isaiah 61:2, etc.; שְׁנוֹת דֹּר־וָדֹר Deuteronomy 32:7, cf. Joel 2:2; most often c. num. card.: pl. after units, appos., Exodus 21:2 +, so also שְׁתַּיִם שָׁנִים II Samuel 2:10 +, but du. שְׁנָתַיִם Amos 1:1 + 4 times, שְׁנָתַיִם יָמִים Genesis 41:1 + 4 times; very rarely c. num. (certainly) cstr. שְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים I Samuel 13:1 (corrupt), שְׁלשׁ שׁ׳ Leviticus 25:21; Leviticus 25:8 + שָׁנָה †II Kings 22:1; before unit (rare, late) II Chronicles 11:17^(×2); Daniel 1:5; sg. after Daniel 1:11-19, tens, and hundreds Genesis 5:3, Genesis 5:9; Genesis 14:4 + often; so 90 + 9 years Genesis 17:24 +, rarely 30 + 3 years I Kings 2:11, etc.; but אֶלֶפ שָׁנִים Psalms 90:4 1000 years, so (+ פַּעֲמַיִם) Ecclesiastes 6:6 1000 years twice over; with cp. num. often repeated, 900 year + 30 year Genesis 5:5, etc.; 100 year + 70 year + 5 years Genesis 25:7, etc.; c. num. card. = ord., בִּשְׁנַת אַרְבַּע לְ I Kings 22:41 in the fourth year of, etc., also בִּשְׁנַת חֲמִשִּׁים שָׁנָה לְ II Kings 15:23, etc.; but בְּאַרְבַּע עֶשְׂרֵה שׁ׳ לְ II Kings 18:13, etc. (often), and בַּשָּׁנָה הָאַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה I Kings 6:38, etc.; also (c. units), בַּשָּׁנָה הָֽרְבִיעִת Leviticus 19:24 +, etc., + לְ II Kings 17:6 the ninth year of, etc.; and even (Ges^{§ 134 p}) בִּשְׁנַת הַתְּשִׁיעִית לְ II Kings 25:1, cf. Ezra 7:8; Jeremiah 46:2; Jeremiah 51:59 + (Kt) Jeremiah 28:1; Jeremiah 32:1 (Qr בַּשָּׁנָה).

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שָׁנִי

n.[m.] scarlet (proposes coccus ilicis, which attaches itself to leaves and twigs of quercus coccifera; the dried body of female yields coloring matter; cf. Tristr^{NHB 319} Post^{HastDB scarlet} M’Lean^{Ency. Bib. id.});—usually שׁ׳: תִּקְוַת חוּט הַשּׁ׳ הַזֶּה Joshua 2:18 this cord of thread of scarlet, ת׳ הַשּׁ׳ v Joshua 2:21, חוּט הַשּׁ׳ Song of Songs 4:3 (sim. of lips); so (הַ)שּׁ׳ alone Genesis 38:28, Genesis 38:30 (J), and as material of clothing II Samuel 1:24; Jeremiah 4:30; Proverbs 31:21 (pl. שָׁנִים; on order of ll. v. Toy); pl. also in sim. Isaiah 1:18 if your sins are like scarlet (robes); elsewhere (P) תּוֹלַעַת (הַ)שּׁ׳ (v. ת׳) of material for curtain, veil, ephod, etc., Exodus 25:4; Exodus 26:1 + 24 times Ex; בֶּגֶד ת׳ שׁ׳ Numbers 4:8 (v. ii. ב׳ 2); cstr. שְׁנִי (הַ)תּ׳ used in purif., †Leviticus 14:4, Leviticus 14:6, Leviticus 14:49, Leviticus 14:51, Leviticus 14:52; Numbers 19:6.

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שָׁנָה³

vb. repeat, do again (NH id.; Ecclus Ben Sira 42:1; Arabic ثَنَى bend, fold, double; Aramaic תְּנָא repeat, also teach, ܬܢܳܐ; Assyrian šanû, especially Pi. repeat, relate, cf. Scheil^{ZA v (1890), 409} (Dl thinks denom.); on שׁ׳ as √ of שְׁנַיִם two, v. Philippi^{ZMG xxxii (1878), 77} Ba^{ib. xii (1887), 603});—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ II Samuel 20:10; Impf. 1 s. אֶשְׁנֶה I Samuel 26:8, etc.; Imv. mpl. שְׁנוּ I Kings 18:34; Pt. שֹׁנֶה Proverbs 17:9; Proverbs 26:11;—do again: וַיַּכֵּהוּ … וְלֹא שׁ׳ לוֹ II Samuel 20:10, cf. I Samuel 26:8; abs. I Kings 18:34^(×2) Nehemiah 13:21; = speak again Job 29:22 + Job 40:5 according to many moderns (אשׁנה for MT אענה); שׁ׳ בְּדָבָר Proverbs 17:9 repeat with a thing, keep talking about it (שנות דבר Ecclus Ben Sira 42:1); Ben Sira 26:11 a dullard repeats with (ב) his folly, does it over agian (learns nothing by experience).

Inf. cstr. וְעַל הִשָּׁנוֹת הַחֲלוֹם אֶל־פַּרְעֹה פַּעֲמָ֑יִם Genesis 41:32 (E) concerning the dream’s being repeated, etc.

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שְׁנַ֫יִם

(Philipi^{ZMG xlix (1895), 202} Ges^{§ 97b note})₇₆₈ n.m. et f.du. two (NH id.; Ph. אשנם (and שני second), Pun. שנם Lzb³⁸⁰; Arabic اِثنَانِ; Sab. תֿני Hom^{Chr 47}, Aramaic תְּרֵין, ܬܪܶܝܢ (תִּנְיָנָא, ܬܶܢܝܳܢܳܐ second); Nab. תרין, Palm. f. תרתן, תרתיא, Lzb³⁸⁸; Assyrian šinâ; on etym v. √, and especially Philippi^{ZMG xxxii (1878), 21–98});—m. (c. n.m.) שְׁנַיִם Amos 3:3 +; cstr. שְׁנֵי Isaiah 7:16 +, sf. שְׁנֵיהֶם Genesis 2:25 +, etc.; f. (c. n.f.) שְׁתַּיִם Amos 4:8 +; cstr. שְׁתֵּי Genesis 4:19, וּשְׁתֵּי Isaiah 7:21 +, etc., מִשְּׁתֵֿי Judges 16:28 (v. GFM); sfs. v. infr. (2 + 10 = 12, v. infr.); Hex chiefly P:—two:

no other num.:

usually cstr. before n.pl. (צְמִידִים) שְׁנֵי Genesis 24:22 + 194 times + II Samuel 23:20 ‖ I Chronicles 11:22 (ins. בְּנֵי 𝔊 Th mod., otherwise RS^{Sem. i. 469, 2nd ed., 488}); (נָשִׁים) שְׁתֵּי Genesis 4:19 + 132 times, I Samuel 10:4 ins. כִּכְּרוֹת Klo HPS Bu Now; Leviticus 16:21 read du. יָדָיו Qr, + Judges 16:28 (v. supr.) + שְׁתֵּי־אֵלֶּה Isaiah 47:9 both these thing; before n.sg., שְׁנֵי Exodus 16:22 (Ges^{§ 134e}); sf. שְׁנֵיהֶם the two of them Genesis 2:25 + 62 times, + Proverbs 24:22 (> their years 𝔖 𝔗 De al.; prob. crpt., v. Toy), שְׁנֵינוּ Genesis 31:37 + 2 times, שְׁנֵיכֶם †Genesis 27:45; שְׁתֵּיהֶם (msf.! Ges^{§ 135 o}) †Ruth 1:19; Ruth 4:11, יהֶן—ֵ †I Samuel 25:43; Ezekiel 23:13.

abs. (1) שְׁנַ֫יִם (90 times), before n.pl. Judges 11:37 + 26 times; after n.pl. II Samuel 1:1; Exodus 29:1 + 21 times (usually P Chr), n.sg. (coll.) Genesis 46:27 Numbers 7:17 + 11 times Numbers 17; n. om. Genesis 7:2; Genesis 44:27 + 26 times; שׁ׳ שׁ׳ distrib. Genesis 7:9 +; לִשׁ׳ cut in two †II Kings 3:25; Jeremiah 34:18; = double amount †Exodus 22:3, Exodus 22:6, Exodus 22:8 (E); פִּי שׁ׳ †Deuteronomy 21:17 two-thirds, + בְּרוּחֲךָ †II Kings 2:9 in (of) thy spirit, + בָּהּ †Zechariah 13:8; (Zechariah 13:2) שְׁתַּ֫יִם (55 times), bef. n.pl.; I Kings 3:16 + 16 times; after n.pl. (usually P and late) II Chronicles 24:3 + 9 times; n. om., = two things †Isaiah 51:19 Job 13:20 Proverbs 30:7; שְׁתַּיִם = twice †II Kings 6:10 Job 40:5 Psalms 62:12 (or as Proverbs 30:7), בִּשׁ׳ Job 33:14 either so, or in two ways RVm (v. De); as ordin. בִּשְׁנַת שְׁתַּיִם לְ I Kings 15:25 + 9 times, etc.; (3) as round number, שְׁנַיִם עֵצִים I Kings 17:12 a few sticks (Germ. ‘ein paar’), cf. II Kings 9:32 Isaiah 17:6; שְׁתַּיִם שָׁלשׁ Amos 4:8, פַּעַם וּשְׁתָּ֑יִם Nehemiah 13:20, cf. Jeremiah 3:14 אֶחָד מֵעִיר וּשְׁנַיִם מִמִּשְׁפָחָה = a small no.; Ezra 10:13 not for one or two days (but for many), II Kings 6:10.

twelve: c. n.m. שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר Genesis 42:13 + 87 times, לִשְׁנֵי עָשָׂר Exodus 28:21 + 4 times; c. n.f. שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה Exodus 24:4 + 34 times, שְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרֵה †Ezekiel 32:1, Ezekiel 32:17; Ezekiel 33:21; before n.pl. Genesis 17:20; Exodus 15:27 +; after n.pl. Numbers 7:84^(×2) +; before n.sg. Exodus 28:21 +, Genesis 14:4 (Genesis 14:12 year) +, etc.; as ord., בְּיוֹם שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר יוֹם Numbers 7:78, בִּשְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה Ezekiel 32:1 +, etc.

with large num.: 10 (etc.) + 2, II Samuel 8:5; Judges 10:3 + 56 times; 2 + 10 (etc.) Numbers 1:35 (P), II Chronicles 22:2 + 18 times (Kö^{ii. 1, 215 ff.} Ges^{§ 97 f.}); 200 + 2 + 30, I Kings 20:15; 50 + 2 as ord. II Kings 15:27 + 2 times; cf. 2 + 20, I Chronicles 24:17.

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שֵׁנִי

m. שֵׁנִית f.₁₅₇ adj.num.ord. second;—בַּיּוֹם הַשֵּׁנִי Exodus 2:13 +, etc. (שֵׁנִי 82 times + Nehemiah 3:30, read שֵׁנִית; read וְהַשֵּׁנִי also I Chronicles 6:13 for ושני); בַּשָּׁנָה הַשֵּׁנִית Genesis 47:18 +, etc. (שֵׁנִית 72 times + Nehemiah 3:30 v. supr.), שִׁבְעַת יָמִים שׁ׳ Leviticus 13:5, Leviticus 13:33, Leviticus 13:54 a second heptad of days; שֵׁנִית = a second time Genesis 22:15 + 16 times + (= again, of similar—not identical—act, or another point in a series) Ezekiel 4:6; Malachi 2:13, וְהַשֵּׁנִית II Samuel 16:19; †mpl. שְׁנִיִּם Numbers 2:16 they shall set out as second, but Genesis 6:16 second stories (in ark).

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שִׁנְאָן²

n.[m.] repetition (?);—אַלְפֵי שִׁנְאָ֑ן Psalms 68:18 thousands of repetition, i.e. thousands twice-told, Che; redoubled, Dr, i.e. thousands on thousands (Du, reading אֶלֶף as שִׁנָּא c. sf. removed them, treating שׁנאן אדני מסיני בק׳ as gloss).

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שֵׁנָה²

v. √ יָשֵׁן.

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שֶׁנְהַבִּים

v. √ שׁנן.

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שֵׁן²

n.f. I Samuel 2:13 (yet m. I Samuel 14:5 cf. Dr) tooth, ivory;—שׁ׳ abs. Exodus 21:24 +, cstr. v Exodus 21:27 +, שֶׁן־ Deuteronomy 32:24; sf. שִׁנּוֹ Exodus 21:27; du. שִׁנַּיִם Proverbs 10:26, cstr. שִׁנֵּי Jeremiah 31:29 +; sf. שִׁנֵּיהֶם Psalms 124:6, שִׁנֵּימוֹ Psalms 58:7, etc.;—

tooth:

of man, Exodus 21:27^(×3) (E), Numbers 11:33 (J), Genesis 49:12 (poem in J), Amos 4:6; Song of Songs 4:2; Song of Songs 6:6, שׁ׳ רֹעָה Proverbs 25:19, v. II. רעע 2; of lex talionis, שׁ׳ תַּחַת שׁ׳ Exodus 21:24 (E), Leviticus 24:20 (H), שֵׁן בְּשׁ׳ Deuteronomy 19:21; irritated by acid Proverbs 10:26, dulled by it (in proverb of inherited guilt) Jeremiah 31:29, Jeremiah 31:30; Ezekiel 18:2; חָרַק שׁ׳ Lamentations 2:16; Job 16:9 Psalms 35:16; Psalms 112:10, v. חָרַק; אֶשָּׂא בְשָׂרִי בְשִׁנָּ֑י Job 13:14 = risk my life (del. עַל־מָה, dittogr.; ‖ נַפְשִׁי אָשִׂים בְּכַפִּי); בְּעוֹר שִׁנָּ֑י Job 19:20, v. מָלַט Hithp. (other conj. v. Di Bi Bu Du).

of beasts: Deuteronomy 32:24, crocodile Job 41:6, locusts Joel 1:6 (teeth of lions); especially fig. of false prophets Micah 3:5, of foes Zechariah 9:7, oppressors Job 29:17, wicked Job 4:10 Psalms 3:8; Psalms 58:7; Psalms 124:6; of their weapons Proverbs 30:14 Psalms 57:5; of Isr. shattered by י׳

tooth of a fork, tine, I Samuel 2:13 (cf. Dr ^{Sm. 291}); of cliff, שֵׁן הַסֶּלַע I Samuel 14:4^(×2), cf. Job 39:28, הַשֵּׁן I Samuel 14:5.

ivory, of commerce, קַרְנוֹת שֵׁן Ezekiel 27:15 (i.e. tusks?); as material, מִטּוֹת שׁ׳ Amos 6:4, כִּסֵּא־שׁ׳ I Kings 10:18 = II Chronicles 9:17, בֵּית הָשּׁ׳ I Kings 22:39, cf. Amos 3:15, הֵיכְלֵי שׁ׳ Psalms 45:9, also Ezekiel 27:6; Song of Songs 5:14; Song of Songs 7:5.

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שֵׁן³

n.pr.loc. הַשּׁ׳ I Samuel 7:12, v. יְשָׁנָה p. 446a.

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שֶׁנְהַבִּים²

appar. n.m. [pl.], in list of Solomon’s imports, I Kings 10:22 = II Chronicles 9:21, AV RV ivory (elsewhere שֵׁן alone); hence הַבִּים = elephants according to Ges (in Thes) Ew Hi Schr^{ZMG xxvii (1873), 709} COT 1 K, cf. 𝔊 (2 Ch, and A in 1 K) ὀδόντων ἐλεφαντίνων, 𝔙 (in 1 K) dentes elephantorum, 𝔗; but this very dub.; < read RödThes Th Be Che^{EB 1154} שֵׁן (וְ)הָבְנִים ivory (and) ebony (Ezekiel 27:15).

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שֵׁנָה³

v. יָשֵׁן.

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שִׁנְעָר

n. pr. loc. Shinar = Babylonia (= Bab. Šumêr according to COT Genesis 11:1 al., > denied by Hal ^{Rev. Crit. 1883, 44} Jen ^{ZK ii (1885), 419}; Egypt; Sangar (WMM^{As. u. Eur. 279}), TelAm. Šanḫar (Wkl ^{TelAm. 25}) identif. with שׁ׳ by Mey ^{Egyptiaca 63}; cf., further, Pinches^{Hast DB shinar});—אֶרֶץ שׁ׳ Genesis 10:10; Genesis 11:2; Zechariah 5:11; Daniel 1:2; מֶלֶךְ־שׁ׳ (Amraphel) Genesis 14:1, Genesis 14:9; שׁ׳ alone Isaiah 11:11 (as place of diaspora); אַדֶּרֶת שׁ׳ Joshua 7:21; 𝔊 usually Σεν(ν)ααρ; Zechariah 5:11 (ἐν γῇ) Βαβυλῶνος.

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שֶׁ֫סַע

n.[m.] cleft;—as acc. cogn. c. [שָׁסַע], q.v.; abs. Leviticus 11:26, cstr. v Leviticus 11:3, Leviticus 11:7 Deuteronomy 14:6.

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שָׁעָה

vb. gaze (steadily, with interest, etc.) (Assyrian šeʾû, behold, look for, aim at);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Genesis 4:5, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁעֶה Isaiah 17:7, Isaiah 17:8, apoc. וַיִּ֫שַׁע Genesis 4:4, 1 s. אֶשְׁעָה (Ges^{§ 751}) Psalms 119:117, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁעֵה Job 14:6; mpl. שְׁעוּ Isaiah 22:4;—gaze at, regard (with favour), י׳ subj., c. אֶל Genesis 4:4, Genesis 4:5 (J); c. מִן pers. = turn gaze away Isaiah 22:4; Job 7:19 Thes Ew Che, + prob. Job 10:20 (for יָשִׁית), c. מֵעַל pers. Job 14:6; man subj., regard God (with trust, devotion), c. עַל Isaiah 17:7; Isaiah 31:1; c. אֶל rei Isaiah 17:8; c. בְּ of words, statutes, Exodus 5:9 (J) Psalms 119:117; abs. 3 fpl. תִּשְׁעֶינָה Isaiah 32:3 shall not behold makes no sense, read prob. תְּשֹׁעֶינָה (√ I. שׁעע, Ew and most); 3 mpl. יִשְׁעוּ II Samuel 22:42 they look (about) for help, < as ‖ Psalms 18:42 יְשַׁזְּעוּ.

Imv. ms. הָשַׁע מִמֶּנִּי Psalms 39:14 cause thy gaze to turn away from me (see also √ I. שׁעע), < Qal שְׁעֵה as Job 14:6 (cf. Job 7:19; Isaiah 22:4) Hup Bae Du Ges^{§ 75 gg}.

Impf. 2 ms. apoc. אַל־תִּשְׁתָּע Isaiah 41:10 gaze not about (in anxiety, ‖ אַל־תִּירָא); 1 pl. וְנִשְׁתָּ֫עָה (Ges^{§ 75 l}) v Isaiah 41:23 let us look at each other (in rivalry, v. ראה Hithp.).

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שַׁעַטְנֵז

n.m. mixed stuff (perhaps of Egyptian origin; Kn der. from Copt., saht, woven, + nudj, false (Peyron^{Lex 224. 133}), and thinks orig. שַׁעַטְנֹז; 𝔊 has κίβδηλος, spurious);—a kind of cloth forbidden for garments; defined Deuteronomy 22:11 by צֶמֶר וּפִשְׁתִּים יַחְדָּו, and Leviticus 19:19 (H) by כִּלְאַיִם.

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שׁוּעָל

n.m. ^{Song of Songs 2:15} fox, perhaps also jackal;—abs. שׁ׳ Nehemiah 3:25; pl. שׁוּעָלִים Judges 15:4 +, שֻׁ׳ Ezekiel 13:4; Song of Songs 2:15 b;—fox (prob.) Nehemiah 3:25; Song of Songs 2:15^(×2); perhaps (from large no.) jackal Judges 15:4; as haunting ruins Ezekiel 13:4; Lamentations 5:18; eating offal Psalms 63:11.

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שׁוּעָל²

n.pr.loc. district in Israel;—אֶרֶץ שׁ׳ I Samuel 13:17 (דֶּרֶךְ עָפְרָה); not identified.—Vid. also חֲצַר שׁ׳ p. 347 b supr.

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שׁוּעָל³

n.pr.m. in Asher;—I Chronicles 7:36, Σουλα, A Σουαλ, 𝔊L Σουαν.

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שַׁעֲשֻׁעִים

-שׁוּעִים n.[m.]pl. intens. delight (Ba^{NB 206});—abs. -שׁוּעִים Jeremiah 31:20 Proverbs 8:30; sf. -שׁוּעָיו Isaiah 5:7, usually -שֻׁעַי Proverbs 8:31 Psalms 119:24, -שֻׁעָ֑י v Psalms 119:77 + 3 times;—delight, in phr. נְטַע שׁ׳ Isaiah 5:7 the planting of his delight (in which he took delight), so יֶלֶד שׁ׳ Jeremiah 31:20 (‖ בֵּן יַקִּיר); שׁ׳ אֶת־ Proverbs 8:31 my delight (was) with the sons of men; elsewhere = object of delight, of wisdom v Proverbs 8:30; God’s law, etc., Psalms 119:24, Psalms 119:77, Psalms 119:92, Psalms 119:143, Psalms 119:174.

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שַׁ֫עַף

n.pr.m. in clan of Caleb, Σαγαε, A Σαγαφ, 𝔊L Σααφ;—

שׁ׳ I Chronicles 2:49.

שָׁ֑עַף v I Chronicles 2:47.

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שַׁ֫עַר

n.m. II Samuel 18:24 (f. ^{Isaiah 14:31} in personif., Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 86}) gate;—שׁ׳ abs. Judges 9:40 +, cstr. Genesis 22:17 +; c. ה loc., שָׁ֑עְרָה Isaiah 28:6 +; pl. שְׁעָרִים II Samuel 18:24 +, cstr. שַׁעֲרֵי I Samuel 17:52 +; sf. שְׁעָרֶיךָ Deuteronomy 12:15 +, שַׁעֲרֵיהֶם Ezekiel 21:20; Ezekiel 48:34, etc.;—

gate, entrance to city, shut (סָגַר) by night Joshua 2:5, Joshua 2:7 (JE), cf. Isaiah 45:1, opened (פָּתַח) by day Nehemiah 7:3, cf. Isaiah 60:11; for entrance (בּוֹא), and exit (יָצָא) Jeremiah 17:19, Jeremiah 17:20, Jeremiah 17:21, Jeremiah 17:24, Jeremiah 17:25, Jeremiah 17:27; Lamentations 4:12; Ezekiel 26:10 +; עָבַר שׁ׳ Micah 2:13 pass out through (disreg.accents), ע׳ בַּשׁ׳ Isaiah 62:10; with bars Psalms 147:13; attacked Ezekiel 21:20, Ezekiel 21:27, cf. Isaiah 28:6; Micah 1:9, Micah 1:12; I Samuel 17:52; on Judges 5:8, Judges 5:11 v. Comm.; burned (by foe) Jeremiah 17:27; Jeremiah 51:58; Nehemiah 1:3; Nehemiah 2:3, Nehemiah 2:13, Nehemiah 2:17; as giving control, possession, of city, יָרַשׁ אֵת שׁ׳ אֹיְבָיו Genesis 22:17; Genesis 24:60 (J); פֶּתַח הַשּׁ׳ Judges 9:40 + (v. פ׳), דַּלְתוֹת הַשּׁ׳ I Samuel 21:14 + (v. ד׳ 3); פֶּתַח־הַשּׁ׳ Judges 18:16, Judges 18:17 of farm or village; so of camp Exodus 32:26, Exodus 32:27 (J). In cities, elaborate structure, with roof II Samuel 18:24, upper chamber II Samuel 19:1; cf. שְׂאוּ שְׁעָרִים רָאשֵׁיכֶם Psalms 24:7, Psalms 24:9; write laws בִּשׁ׳ Deuteronomy 6:9 (+ עַל־מְזֻזוֹת בֵּיתֶ֑ךָ), Deuteronomy 11:20 (+ id.); בְּתוֹךְ הַשּׁ׳ I Samuel 9:18, אֶל־תּוֹךְ הַשּׁ׳ II Samuel 3:27; (לְ)יַד שׁ׳ as public, I Samuel 4:18, + v I Samuel 4:13 𝔊 Th We Dr al., cf. II Samuel 15:2; II Samuel 18:4 Proverbs 8:3 (‖ מְבוֹא פְתָחִים).

particular gates of Jerusalem are: (1) שׁ׳ אֶפְרַיִם II Kings 14:13 ‖ II Chronicles 25:23; Nehemiah 8:16; Nehemiah 12:39; (2) שׁ׳ הָאַשְׁפֹּת Nehemiah 2:13; Nehemiah 3:14; Nehemiah 12:31 = שׁ׳ הָֽשְׁפוֹת Nehemiah 3:13; (3) שׁ׳ בִּנְיָמִין Jeremiah 37:13; Jeremiah 38:7; Zechariah 14:10; (4) שׁ׳ הנַּיִא Nehemiah 2:13; Nehemiah 2:15; Nehemiah 3:13 II Chronicles 26:9; (5) שׁ׳ הַדָּגִים Zephaniah 1:10; Nehemiah 3:3; Nehemiah 12:39; II Chronicles 33:14; (6) שׁ׳ בֵּין הַחֹמֹתַיִם II Kings 25:4 = Jeremiah 52:7, cf. Jeremiah 39:4; (7) שׁ׳ החרסות Jeremiah 19:2; (8) שׁ׳ הַיְשָׁנָח Nehemiah 3:6; Nehemiah 12:39; (9) שׁ׳ הַמִּזְרָה Nehemiah 3:29; (10) שׁ׳ הַמַּטָּרָה Nehemiah 12:39; (11) שׁ׳ הַמּֽ֑יִם Nehemiah 8:1, Nehemiah 8:3, Nehemiah 8:16; (12) שׁ׳ הַמַּיִם לַמִּזְרָ֑ח Nehemiah 3:26, cf. Nehemiah 12:37; (13) שׁ׳ הַמִּפְקָ֑ד Nehemiah 3:31; (14) שׁ׳ הָעַיִן Nehemiah 2:14; Nehemiah 3:15; Nehemiah 12:37; (15) שׁ׳ הַסּוּסִים Jeremiah 31:40; Nehemiah 3:28 (cf. 3 b); (16) שׁ׳ הַפִּנָּה II Kings 14:13 ‖ II Chronicles 25:23 (read הַפִּנָּה for הַפּוֹנֶה), Jeremiah 31:38; II Chronicles 26:9; prob. = שׁ׳ הָפִּנִּים Zechariah 14:10; (17) שׁ׳ הַצֹּאן Nehemiah 3:1, Nehemiah 3:32; Nehemiah 12:39; (18) שׁ׳ הַרִאשׁוֹן Zechariah 14:10;—on sites and rel. to each other v. RS-GASm^{Ency. Bib. jerusalem} Conder^{Hast DB id.} Buhl^{G. 133 ff.} Bd.^{Pai. s. v.} Murray^{Hd. Bk. s.v.} Be-Ry^{Ne p. 182 ff.} Gu^{ZPV, especially v (1882), 7 ff., viii (1885), 245 ff.} Comm.^{ad loc}.^var.

of Ezekiel’s holy city, שַׁעֲרִי הָעִיר Ezekiel 48:31, three on each side, named for tribes, v Ezekiel 48:31^(×4) + 12 times Ezekiel 48.

gate = space inside gate, as public meeting-place, market II Kings 7:1, II Kings 7:18, place of public well II Samuel 23:15, II Samuel 23:16 = I Chronicles 11:17, I Chronicles 11:18; where elders, judges, king, sat officially Deuteronomy 21:19; Deuteronomy 22:15; Amos 5:12, Amos 5:15; Isaiah 29:21; II Samuel 18:24; II Samuel 19:9; I Kings 22:10 = II Chronicles 18:9; Genesis 19:1 (J) Proverbs 24:7; Job 5:4; Job 31:21; Ruth 4:1, Ruth 4:11; Proverbs 31:23, Proverbs 31:31, etc.; of conqueror Jeremiah 1:15; appar. = רְחוֹב שׁ׳ Genesis 19:2 (J) Nehemiah 8:16; I Chronicles 9:16 + (v. i. ר׳); Genesis 34:20 (P) one came unto gate (בָּא אֶל־), so בָּאֵי שׁ׳ Genesis 23:10, Genesis 34:18 (P) those entering the gate, i.e. having citizens’ rights; also went out (to), יָצָא שׁ׳ Job 29:7 (i.e., in this case, from his own house, outside the city), hence כָּל־יֹצְאֵי שׁ׳ Genesis 34:24^(×2) (P; cf. also הוֹצִיא אֶל־ Deuteronomy 21:19; Deuteronomy 22:15, Deuteronomy 22:24); hence = body of citizens, כָּל־שׁ׳ עַמִּי Ruth 3:11.

hence also = city Isaiah 14:31 (‖ עִיר), Psalms 87:2, etc.

specif. in Dt, בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ in thy gates, i.e. thy cities, towns, etc., Deuteronomy 5:14 = Exodus 20:10; Deuteronomy 12:12, Deuteronomy 12:15, Deuteronomy 12:17, Deuteronomy 12:21 + 22 times Dt + I Kings 8:37 (read בְּאַחַד שׁ׳, cf. Deuteronomy 18:6; Deuteronomy 23:17, so 𝔊; 𝔖 mod.), so ‖ II Chronicles 6:28, + (perhaps) Jeremiah 14:2 (but Jeremiah 15:7 Nahum 3:13 fig. of gates as entrance to land); of private house, שַׁעֲרֵי צַדִּיק Proverbs 14:19 (perhaps cf. Judges 18:16 1 a supr.).

gate of royal castle or palace II Kings 9:31; Jeremiah 22:2, Jeremiah 22:4; Nehemiah 2:8; Esther 2:19 + 10 times Est; specif. (of king of Judah), שׁ׳ סוּר II Kings 11:6 = שׁ׳ הַיְסוֹד II Chronicles 23:5 (v. ס׳, יס׳), שׁ׳ הָרָצִים II Kings 11:19, הַשּׁ׳ אַחַר הָר׳ v II Kings 11:6; שׁ׳ הַסּוּסִים בֵּית הַמּ׳ II Chronicles 23:15 (= מְבוֹא הַסּ׳ ‖ II Kings 11:16); appar. of official residence, פֶּתַח שׁ׳ יְהוֹשֻׁעַ II Kings 23:8.

of temple Jeremiah 7:2^(×2) I Chronicles 9:23; I Chronicles 16:42 + 12 times Ch, incl. שַׁעֲרֵי מַחֲנוֹת י׳ II Chronicles 31:2 (v. מַחֲנֶה 1, p. 334), cf. Psalms 100:4; Psalms 118:20, שַׁעֲרֵי צֶדֶק v Psalms 118:19; specif. שׁ׳ בִּנְיָמִין הָעֶלְיוֹן Jeremiah 20:2, and (om. בִּנְי׳) II Kings 15:35 = II Chronicles 27:3; Ezekiel 9:2; II Chronicles 23:20, י׳ הֶחָדָשׁ (בֵּית) שׁ׳ Jeremiah 26:10; Jeremiah 36:10, שׁ׳ הַפְּנִימִית הַפּוֹנֶה צָפ֫וֹנָה Ezekiel 8:3 cf. v Ezekiel 8:14, Ezekiel 8:5, שׁ׳ הַמִּזְבֵּחַ שַׁעַר בֵּית י׳ הַקַּדְמֹנִי Ezekiel 10:19; Ezekiel 11:1; שׁ׳ שַׁלֶּכֶת I Chronicles 26:16; שַׁעַר הַמֶּלֶךְ I Chronicles 9:18.

of Ezekiel’s temple and courts Ezekiel 40:3, Ezekiel 40:6; Ezekiel 44:11, Ezekiel 44:17 + 67 times Ezekiel 40-47.

of court of tabern. (P), שׁ׳ הֶחָצֵר Exodus 27:16; Exodus 35:17 + 6 times Ex + Numbers 4:36.

fig. זֶה שׁ׳ הַשָּׁמַיִם Genesis 28:17 (E; ‖ בֵּית אֱלֹהִים); pl. שַׁעֲרֵי שְׁאוֹל Isaiah 38:10; שׁ׳־מָוֶת Job 38:17 Psalms 9:14; Psalms 107:18; שׁ׳ צַלְמָוֶת Job 38:17.

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שֹׁעֵר

n.m. porter (denom. from 1. שַׁעַר);—abs. שׁוֹ׳ II Chronicles 31:14, cstr. שֹׁ׳ II Kings 7:10; I Chronicles 9:21, + f. שׁוֹעֶ֫רֶת II Samuel 4:6 (for MT בֹּאוּ עַד תּ[וֹךְ]) We Dr HPS Bu Now after 𝔊 (Th פְּקִידַת דֶּלֶת); pl. שֹׁעֲרִים II Kings 7:11 + cstr. שֹׁעֲרֵי II Chronicles 23:4;—porter of city gate II Kings 7:10, II Kings 7:11 (II Samuel 18:26 read הַשַּׁעַר 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 Th We Dr and most); portress of houses II Samuel 4:6 (v. supr.); elsewhere (34 times Ch Ezr Ne) of gate-keepers in sanctuary I Chronicles 9:17, I Chronicles 9:18, I Chronicles 9:24 +; 4,000 in no., I Chronicles 23:5; שׁ׳ פֶּתַח לְאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד I Chronicles 9:21; שֹׁעֲרִים בַּסִּפִּים v I Chronicles 9:22; שׁ׳ לָאָרוֹן I Chronicles 15:23, I Chronicles 15:24; שֹׁעֲרֵי הַסִּפִּים II Chronicles 23:4; בְּנֵי הַשֹּׁעֲרִים Ezra 2:42.

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שַׁעֲרַ֫יִם

n.pr.loc.

in the Shephelah of Judah (Buhl^{Geogr. 194}) Joshua 15:36, Σακαρειμ, 𝔊L Σεβαρειμ; דֶּרֶךְ שׁ׳ I Samuel 17:52 (𝔊 τῶν πυλῶν).

in the Negeb (Simeon), וּבְשַׁעֲרָ֑יִם I Chronicles 4:31, Σεωρειμ, 𝔊L Σααριμ; = שָׁרוּחֶ֑ן (q.v.) Joshua 19:6, and perhaps שִׁלְחִים (in Negeb of Judah) Joshua 15:32; Buhl^{Geogr. 185.}

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שָׁעַר

vb. calculate, reckon (NH Pi. J.Aram Pa. put a valuation on, estimate; J.Aram; שַׁעֲרָא interest, market-price; Arabic سِعْرٌ market-price is loan-word Frä¹⁸⁹);—

Pf. 3 ms. כְּמוֹ־שׁ׳ בְּנַפְשׁוֹ כֶּן־הוּא Proverbs 23:7 as he has calculated in his soul, so is he, but dub.: De שֹׁעֵר as one who calculates; more radical conj. in Bi Toy.

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שַׁ֫עַר²

n.[m.] measure (proposes reckoning);—pl. מֵאָה שְׁעָרִים Genesis 26:12 (J) 100 measures, i.e. 100 for one = 100-fold.

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שַׁעֲרוּרָה

n.f. horror = horrible thing;—שַׁמָּה וְשׁ׳ Jeremiah 5:30 an astounding and horrible thing has occurred; בִּנְבִיאֵי ירושׁ׳ רָאִיתִי שׁ׳ Jeremiah 23:14.

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שַׁעַשְׁגַּז

n.m. pers. Esther 2:14, Γαι.

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שְׁפוֹ

n.pr.m. in Edom, Genesis 36:23, Σωφ, 𝔊L Σωφαν; = ii. שְׁפִי I Chronicles 1:40, Σωβ, 𝔊L Σαπφει.

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שְׁפִי

n.m. bareness, smooth or bare (treeless) height;—

bareness, Job 33:21 Kt (v. √).

bare place, height: שֶׁ֑פִי Numbers 23:3 (E), i.e. an outlook-point; pl. שְׁפָיִים Isaiah 41:18; Isaiah 49:9; Jeremiah 3:21, שְׁפָיִם Jeremiah 3:2; Jeremiah 4:11 (‖ מִדְבָּר), Jeremiah 7:29, Jeremiah 12:12 (בַּמִּדְבָּר), Jeremiah 14:6.

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שָׁפַת

vb.denom. set (on the fire) (NH; v. √; Sab. שפת = bestow, Sab Denkm^{No. 8, i. 15});—

Imv. ms. שְׁפֹת הַסִּיר II Kings 4:38 set on the pot, so Ezekiel 24:3, cf. v Ezekiel 24:3 (del. Co, not Krae; Toy allows); later more gen. (subj. י׳): Impf. 2 ms. sf. תִּשְׁפְּתֵנִי Psalms 22:16 in the dust of death thou settest me.

ordain, establish, 2 ms. תִּשְׁפֹּת שָׁלוֹם לָ֑גוּ Isaiah 26:12.

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שְׁפַתַּ֫יִם

v. p. 1052 infr.

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שִׁפְחָה

n.f. maid, maid-servant (syn. אָמָה, q.v.; orig. = concubine? cf. √);—abs. שׁ׳ Genesis 16:1 +; cstr. שִׁפְחַת v Genesis 16:2 +; sf. שִׁפְחָתִי v Genesis 16:2 +, שִׁפְחָתֶ֑ךָ Ruth 2:13, etc.; pl. abs. שְׁפָחוֹת Genesis 12:16 +; etc.;—

lit., maid, maid-servant, as belonging to a mistress Genesis 16:1, Genesis 16:3, Genesis 16:6, Genesis 16:8 (PJ) Genesis 29:24, Genesis 29:29 (P) Psalms 123:2, Proverbs 30:23; Isaiah 24:2; even where concubine of master (cf. אָמָה) Genesis 16:2, Genesis 16:5 (PJ) Genesis 25:12; Genesis 35:25, Genesis 35:26 (P) Genesis 30:4, Genesis 30:7, Genesis 30:9, Genesis 30:10, Genesis 30:12, Genesis 30:18 (all JE); less often ref. to master Genesis 29:24, Genesis 29:29 (J), Ruth 2:13, of concubine Genesis 32:23, cf. Genesis 33:1, Genesis 33:2, Genesis 33:6 (all J); marriageable Leviticus 19:20 (H, cf. Exodus 11:5; not elsewhere in legisl.); in gen., especially of menial service (never אָמָה) Exodus 11:5 (J) I Samuel 25:41 (opp. אָמָה) II Samuel 17:17 (‖ עֶבֶד) Genesis 12:16; Genesis 24:35 (J) Genesis 20:14 (E) Genesis 30:43 (P) Genesis 32:6 (J; coll.) Deuteronomy 28:68; I Samuel 8:16; II Kings 5:26; Isaiah 14:2; Jeremiah 34:9, Jeremiah 34:10, Jeremiah 34:11^(×2), Jeremiah 34:16^(×2) Joel 3:2; Ecclesiastes 2:7; II Chronicles 28:10; Esther 7:4.

fig. in address, שִׁפְתָֽתְךָ, etc., of speaker, in token of humility (v. אָמָה) Ruth 2:13 (‖ אָמָה Ruth 3:9), I Samuel 1:18 (‖ id. v I Samuel 1:16), I Samuel 25:27 (‖ v I Samuel 25:24), I Samuel 28:21, I Samuel 28:22; II Samuel 14:6, II Samuel 14:7, II Samuel 14:12, II Samuel 14:15, II Samuel 14:17, II Samuel 14:19 (‖ אָמָה v I Samuel 28:15, I Samuel 28:16); II Kings 4:2, II Kings 4:16; not toward God; but v. אָמָה.

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שָׁפַט

vb. judge, govern (NH in deriv.; Ph. שפט = שֹׁפֵט, also in n.pr.; Pun. sufet Lzb³⁸¹; Biblical Aramaic שָֽׁפְטִין; Assyrian šapâtu (t = ת), syn. dânu (דִּין), judge Dl^{WB 684}, šipṭu (ט), prob. judgment [and šapiṭu, captain?] Jen^{ZA iv (1889), 278 f.}; on poss. connexion with Arabic سفط v. Nö^{ZMG xi (1886), 724}; on usage of vb. see Ferguson^{JBL viii (1888), 130 ff.});—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Judges 16:31 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁפֹּט Genesis 16:5, יִשְׁפּוֹט Isaiah 11:3; 3 mpl. יִשְׁפְּטוּ Genesis 31:53 +, יִשְׁפּ֫וּטוּ Exodus 18:26 (Ki יִשְׁפּוּט֫וּ; cf. Ges^{§ 47 g}), etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁפוֹט Genesis 19:9; cstr. שְׁפֹט Ruth 1:1, לִשְׁפֹּט Exodus 8:13 +, etc.; Imv. שְׁפָט־ Proverbs 31:9, שָׁפְטָה Psalms 82:8; Lamentations 3:59, שִׁפְטוּ Isaiah 1:17 +, שְׁפֹ֑טוּ Zechariah 7:9, etc.; Pt. שֹׁפֵט I Samuel 3:13 +, etc.;—

act as law-giver, judge, governor (giving law, deciding controversies and executing law, civil, religious, political, social; both early and late):

of God only, שֹׁפֵט כל הארץ Genesis 18:25 (J), ‖ מֶלֶךְ, מְחֹקֵק Isaiah 33:22.

of man, Genesis 19:9^(×2) (J), Moses deciding cases Exodus 18:13 (E), making known statutes v Exodus 18:16 (E); so his assistants v Exodus 18:22^(×2), Exodus 18:26^(×2) (E), ‖ Deuteronomy 1:16; of שׁפטי ישׂראל Numbers 25:5 (executioners); י׳ set שֹׁפְטִים over Isr. Judges 2:16, Judges 2:18; II Samuel 7:11 = I Chronicles 17:10, to deliver Isr., שׁפט ישׂראל Judges 3:10; Judges 4:4; Judges 10:2, Judges 10:3 + 9 times Ju, I Samuel 4:18; I Samuel 7:15, I Samuel 7:16, I Samuel 7:17; II Kings 23:22, cf. I Samuel 7:6; Pt. שֹׁפֵט as subst. also Judges 2:17, Judges 2:18, Judges 2:19; I Samuel 8:1, I Samuel 8:2; II Kings 23:22; שֹׁפְטֵי יִשׂ׳ I Chronicles 17:6 (‖ II Samuel 7:7 שִׁבְטֵי), בִּימֵי שְׁפֹט הַשֹּׁפְטִים Ruth 1:1^(×2) (cf. מוֹשִׁיעִים Obadiah 1:21); שׁפט, ‖ מֶלֶךְ I Samuel 8:5, I Samuel 8:6, I Samuel 8:20; Hosea 7:7; Hosea 13:10; שֹׁפֶט ישׂראל Micah 4:14 (= king); king judges people I Kings 3:9^(×2) = II Chronicles 1:10; I Kings 15:5 = II Chronicles 26:21; II Chronicles 1:11; abs. I Kings 7:7; Isaiah 16:5; ‖ שׂרים Exodus 2:14 (E) Amos 2:3; Zephaniah 3:3; ‖ יוֹעֵץ Isaiah 1:26; Job 12:17, cf. Isaiah 3:2; שֹׁפְטֵי אָרֶץ Isaiah 40:23 (‖ רוֹזְנִים), Proverbs 8:16 (‖ שׂרים), Psalms 2:10; Psalms 148:11 (‖ מלכים); שׁפטינו אשׁר שׁפטונו Daniel 9:12^(×2).

specif. decide controversy, discriminate betw. persons, in civil, political, domestic and religious questions:

of God Psalms 82:1: שׁ׳ בֵּין … וּבֵין Genesis 16:5 (J; domestic), Judges 11:27^(×2); I Samuel 24:13, I Samuel 24:16 (all of war), Ezekiel 34:20 (relig.); c. בֵּין … לְ Ezekiel 34:17, Ezekiel 34:22 (relig.); c. בֵּינֵינוּ Genesis 31:53 (E; domestic), Isaiah 2:4 = Micah 4:3 (of war); c. בְּ II Chronicles 20:12 (war); c. acc. I Kings 8:32 = II Chronicles 6:23; Ecclesiastes 3:17, condemning wicked and justifying righteous Job 21:22 (‖ ידע), Job 23:7; abs. Exodus 5:21 (J) Job 22:13; שׁ׳ צֶדֶק Jeremiah 11:20 Psalms 9:5; י׳ is שׁוֹפֵט צַדִּיק Psalms 7:12.

of man, שׁ׳ בֵּין … וּבֵין Exodus 18:16 (E) Numbers 35:24 (P) Deuteronomy 1:16 (all civil), Isaiah 5:3 (relig.); c. acc. Leviticus 19:15 (H) Deuteronomy 25:1 (all civil), Ezekiel 20:4^(×2); Ezekiel 22:2^(×2); Ezekiel 23:36; שׁ׳ מִשְׁפָּט Deuteronomy 16:18; I Kings 3:28 (Sol.); במשׁפטים Ezekiel 44:24, c. ל II Chronicles 19:6; abs. Ezekiel 44:24; Isaiah 11:3 (king); influenced by bribes Micah 3:11; Micah 7:3; Job 9:24; Absalom desires to decide cases as שֹׁפֵט II Samuel 15:4 (implying lack of such in his time); according to II Chronicles 19:5, II Chronicles 19:6 Jehoshaphat set up שׁפטים, appar. for the first as judges in this specific sense; code of Dt recognizes them: הַשֹּׁפֵט declares דְּבַר הַמִּשְׁפָּט Deuteronomy 17:9, Deuteronomy 17:12; Deuteronomy 25:2; שׁפטים + שֹׁטְרִים Deuteronomy 16:18; I Chronicles 23:4; I Chronicles 26:29; Joshua 8:33 (+ זְקֵנִים), Joshua 23:2; Joshua 24:1 (D; both + זקנים, רָאשִׁים), + זקנים only Deuteronomy 21:2; Ezra 10:14, + כֹּהֲנִים; Deuteronomy 19:17, Deuteronomy 19:18, שׂרים II Chronicles 1:2.

execute judgment:

discriminating, of man only, משׁפט אמת Zechariah 7:9, מֵישָׁרִים שׁ׳ Psalms 58:2 judge uprightly; משׁפט שׁלום Zechariah 8:16, צֶדֶק Proverbs 31:9, עָוֶל Psalms 82:2.

vindicating, c. acc.: (1) subj. God, יתום Psalms 10:18, acc. pers. Psalms 26:1; Psalms 43:1; Psalms 58:12 (read שֹׁפְטָם for שׁפטים), שׁ׳ משׁפט Lamentations 3:59; מִיַּד vindicate by delivering from hand of I Samuel 24:16; II Samuel 18:19, II Samuel 18:31; שָׁפְטֵנִי י׳ כְּצִדְקִי Psalms 7:9; שָׁפְטֵנִי כְּצִדְקְךָ Psalms 35:24. (2) subj. man, c. acc. יתום Isaiah 1:17, Isaiah 1:23; דל(ים) Isaiah 11:4; Proverbs 29:14 Psalms 82:3; עניי עם Psalms 72:4; משׁפט אביונים Jeremiah 5:28.

condemning and punishing, (1) God כְּדַרְכֵי פ׳ acc. to ways of Ezekiel 7:3, Ezekiel 7:8; Ezekiel 18:30; Ezekiel 24:14; Ezekiel 33:20; Ezekiel 36:19; במשׁפטים Ezekiel 7:27; Ezekiel 23:24; משׁפטי נאפות Ezekiel 16:38 (= Ezekiel 23:45 of human judges); c. acc. I Samuel 3:13 Psalms 51:6 Isaiah 51:5; Ezekiel 11:10, Ezekiel 11:11; Ezekiel 21:35; Ezekiel 35:11. (2) of man, only שֹׁפְטֵי נַפְשׁוֹ Psalms 109:31 and Ezekiel 23:45 supr., prob. also Psalms 141:6 (corrupt).

at theophanic advent for final judgment: God is שֹׁפֵט Psalms 50:6; Psalms 75:8; שׁפט הארץ Psalms 94:2, c. acc. בא לשׁפט הארץ Psalms 96:13 = I Chronicles 16:33, Psalms 98:9; שׁ׳ הארץ Psalms 82:8; כל הגוים Joel 4:12; עמים Psalms 67:5; תבל Psalms 9:9; Psalms 96:13 = Psalms 98:9; שׁ׳ מישׁרים Psalms 75:3.

Pf. 1 s. נִשְׁפַּטְתִּי Ezekiel 20:36 + 4 times; Impf. 1 s. אִשָּׁפֵט Ezekiel 20:36; אִשָּֽׁפְטָה I Samuel 12:7, etc.; Inf. cstr. הִשָּׁפֵט II Chronicles 22:8; sf. הִשָּֽׁפְטוֹ Psalms 37:33; Psalms 109:7; Pt. נִשְׁפָּט Isaiah 59:4 + 4 times;—

recipr., (Ges^{§ 51 d}), enter into controversy, plead: c. אֵת with, of God Jeremiah 2:35; Ezekiel 17:20 (+ acc. rei) Ezekiel 20:35, Ezekiel 20:36^(×2); Ezekiel 38:22; of man I Samuel 12:7 (+ וְאַגִּידָה לָכֶם 𝔊 We), Proverbs 29:9; c. עִם, of God Joel 4:2, of man II Chronicles 22:8; c. ל, of God Jeremiah 25:31; נשׁ׳ יחד Isaiah 43:26 have controversy together; באשׁ by fire (of God) Isaiah 66:16; באמונה Isaiah 59:4.

pass. be judged, Psalms 9:20; Psalms 37:33; Psalms 109:7. Pôʿel Pt. sf. מְשֹׁפְטִי (dub.; Hi Bu מִשְׁפָּטִי), = my opponent-at-law (Ges^{§ 55 b}) Job 9:15; + Zephaniah 3:15 Psalms 109:31 We al.

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שְׁפוֹט

n.m. si vera l. judgment, act of judgment;—abs. שׁ׳ II Chronicles 20:9 (so 𝔊 𝔖, but dub.); pl. שְׁפוּטִים Ezekiel 23:10 (Toy שְׁפָטִים, Co del.).

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שָׁפָט

n.pr.m. (he hath judged);—usually Σαφατ[θ]:

father of Elisha I Kings 19:16, I Kings 19:19; II Kings 3:11; II Kings 6:31.

prince of Simeon Numbers 13:5.

grandson of Zerub. I Chronicles 3:22.

Gaddite chief I Chronicles 5:12 (Σαβατ, Σαφαμ [ν]).

herdsman of David I Chronicles 27:29 (Σωφαν, A Σωφατ, 𝔊L Σαφατ).

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שִׁפְטָן

n.pr.m. (judgment);—prince of Ephraim Numbers 34:24; Σαβαθα(ν), 𝔊L Σαφαταν.

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שְׁפִי²

v. I. שׁפה.

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שְׁפִי³

v. שְׁפוֹ sub I. שׁפה.

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שָׁפַךְ

vb. pour out, pour (NH id.; Assyrian šapâku, pour out, especially (Dl^WB Jen^{Kosmol. 41}) earth, to form mound; Arabic سَفَكَ pour out, cf. سَبَكَ melt and pour into mould; Ethiopic ሰበከ: Aramaic שְׁפַךְ, ܫܦܰܟ (rare) = BH);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ I Kings 2:31 +; 3 fs. sf. שְׁפָכַ֫תְהוּ Ezekiel 24:7, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁפֹּךְ II Kings 19:32 +; 2 ms. sf. 3 ms. תִּשְׁפְּכֶנּוּ Deuteronomy 12:16 +, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁפוֹךְ Judges 6:20 +, שְׁפָךְ־ Psalms 69:25; fs. שִׁפְכִי Lamentations 2:19, etc.; Inf. cstr. שְׁפָךְ־ I Kings 18:28 +, לִשְׁפֹּךְ Isaiah 59:7 +, etc.; Pt. act. שֹׁפֵךְ Genesis 9:6 +, f. שֹׁפֶ֫כֶת Ezekiel 22:3, etc.; pass. שָׁפוּךְ Psalms 79:10, שְׁפוּכָה Ezekiel 20:33, Ezekiel 20:34;—

lit.:

pour out, pour water Exodus 4:9 (J; acc. loc.), I Samuel 7:6 (+ לִפְנֵי י׳, unique, symb. of contrition), עַל־פְּנֵי הָאָרֶץ (subj. י׳) Amos 5:8; Amos 9:6; blood like water (to flow away and be absorbed), עַל־הָאָרֶץ Deuteronomy 12:16, Deuteronomy 12:24; Deuteronomy 15:23, cf. Leviticus 17:13 (H) Ezekiel 24:7; also + אֶל loc. Exodus 29:12; Leviticus 4:7, Leviticus 4:18, Leviticus 4:25, Leviticus 4:30, Leviticus 4:34; + עַל pers. reflex. I Kings 18:28; pour out broth Judges 6:20, libation (נֶסֶךְ, to (ל) false gods) Isaiah 57:6; dust Leviticus 14:41 (P; אֶל loc.); c. acc. סֹלְלָה mound (in siege), = make by pouring (earth, orig. from baskets, see especially Assyrian šapâku Dl^{WB 679 b} Jen^{Kosmol. 41}), + עַל־ of city II Kings 19:32 = Isaiah 37:33; Jeremiah 6:6; Ezekiel 4:2; Ezekiel 26:8, אֶל־ II Samuel 20:15; abs. Ezekiel 17:17; Ezekiel 21:27; Daniel 11:15; וַיִּשׁ׳ מֵעָיו אַרְצָה II Samuel 20:10 (by a sword-thrust in the belly), cf. יִשׁ׳ לָאָרֶץ מְרֵרָתִי Job 16:13 (metaph., י׳ subj.).

techn., acc.; דָּם shed blood Genesis 37:22 (E) Genesis 9:6 (P) I Samuel 25:31; Ezekiel 22:4 + 9 times Ez, + 15 times (pass. Psalms 79:10) + Ezekiel 36:18 (c. עַל־הָאָרֶץ), I Chronicles 22:8 (c. אַ֫רְצָה); acc. דָּמִים †I Kings 2:31; I Chronicles 28:3 Psalms 79:3 (כַּמַּיִם).

fig.:

י׳ subj., pour out anger, etc.: עֲלֵיהֶם אֶשׁ׳ כַּמַּיִם עֶבְרָתִי Hosea 5:10; שׁ׳ חֲמָתִי עַל Ezekiel 14:19 + 8 times Ez, Jeremiah 10:25; Isaiah 42:25 Psalms 79:6 (אֶל et עַל); acc. ח׳ om. Jeremiah 6:11; c. ב loc. Lamentations 2:4; ח׳ שְׁפוּכָה Ezekiel 20:33, Ezekiel 20:34; acc. חֲרוֹן אַפּוֹ Lamentations 4:11; acc. זַעַם (עַל pers.) Ezekiel 21:36 + 3 times; acc. בּוּזּ contempt, עַל pers., Job 12:21 = Psalms 107:40; pour their own wickedness עֲלֵיהֶם Jeremiah 14:16 (i.e. requite it); pour out רוּחִי עַל Ezekiel 39:29, cf. Zechariah 12:10; Joel 3:1, Joel 3:2.

hum. subj. pour out one’s heart, etc., כַּמַּיִם לִבֵּךְ Lamentations 2:19, לְפָנָיו לְבַבְכֶם Psalms 62:9 (i.e. bef. י׳), אֶת־נַפְשִׁי לִפְנֵי י׳ I Samuel 1:15, עָלַי (reflex.; v. עַל 1 d) Psalms 42:5; אֶת־שִׂיחוֹ לִפְנֵי י׳ Psalms 102:1 (title), cf. Psalms 142:3; in bad sense, וַתִּשְׁפְּכִי אֶת־תַּזְנוּתַיִךְ עַל־ Ezekiel 16:15, cf. Ezekiel 23:8.

Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁפַּךְ Lamentations 2:11, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁפֵךְ Genesis 9:6 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. הִשָּׁפֵךְ Ezekiel 16:36;—be poured out: of ashes I Kings 13:3, I Kings 13:5, blood (עַל loc.) Deuteronomy 12:27; be shed, of blood Genesis 9:6 (P) Deuteronomy 19:10; in fig. Lamentations 2:11 my liver is poured לָאָרֶץ (cf. Qal 1 a ad fin.); Psalms 22:15 I am poured out like water (nerveless, helpless); subj. נְּחֻשְׁתֵּךְ Ezekiel 16:36 (v. ii. [נְחשֶׁת]; cf. v Ezekiel 16:15 Qal 2 b).

Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְשֻׁפַּךְ Zephaniah 1:17 be poured out כֶּעָפָר, of blood; שֻׁפַּךְ Numbers 35:33 (P) be shed, of blood; 3 fs. שֻׁפְּכָה Psalms 73:2 Kt my steps were caused to slip (Qr שֻׁפְּכוּ).

Impf. 3 fs. עָלַי תִּשְׁתַּפֵּךְ נַפְשִׁי Job 30:16 my soul pours itself out upon me; 3 fpl. תִּשְׁתַּפֵּ֫כְנָה אַבְנֵי־קֹדֶשׁ (Ges^{§ 54 k}) Lamentations 4:1 fig. of slaughter; Inf. cstr. בְּהִשְׁתַּפֵּךְ נַפְשָׁם אֶל־חֵיק אִמֹּתָם Lamentations 2:12, i.e. they expire.

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שֶׁ֫פֶךְ

n.[m.] place of pouring;—cstr. שׁ׳ הַדֶּשֶׁן Leviticus 4:12^(×2) (P).

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שָׁפְכָה

n.f. male organ (as fluid-duct);—abs. כְּרוּת שׁ׳ Deuteronomy 23:2 (‖ פְּצוּעַ־דַּכָּה).

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שָׁפֵל

vb. be or become low, be abased (NH, der. spec.; Assyrian šapâlu, der. spec. and deriv.; Sab. ספל n. humility or lowland DHM^{xxix (1875), 604}; Arabic سَفِلَ, سَفُلَ, سَفَلَ be low (Lag^{BN 48}); Aramaic שְׁפַל, ܫܦܰܠ (der. spec.));—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Isaiah 2:11; 2 fs. וְשָׁפַלְתְּ Isaiah 29:4, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁפַּל Isaiah 2:9; Isaiah 5:15; 3 fpl. תִּשְׁפַּלְנָה Isaiah 5:15, etc.; Inf. cstr. שְׁפַל Ecclesiastes 12:4; Proverbs 16:19, v. infr.;—

all Is: become (be brought, laid) low, of trees Isaiah 10:33 (‖ גְּדֻעִים), mts. Isaiah 40:4 (opp. נִשָּׂא), of כָּל־נִשָּׂא Isaiah 2:12 (but read, for שׁ׳, נִשְׂגָּב [Kohler], or גָּבֹהַּ [Lag], so Du Che^Hpt. Di-Kit Marti); fig. be humiliated, of man Isaiah 2:9; Isaiah 5:15, his loftiness Isaiah 2:17, haughty eyes v Isaiah 2:11 (all ‖ שָׁחַח), Isaiah 5:15; of city Isaiah 32:19; as helping vb. (= adv.) וְשׁ׳ מֵאֶרֶץ תְּדַבֵּ֑רִי Isaiah 29:4 thou shalt speak low out of the ground (Ges^{§ 120 g}; ‖ מֵעָפָר תִּשַּׁח אִמְרָתֵךְ).

שְׁפַל־רוּחַ Proverbs 16:19 to be lowly of spirit, so Buhl SS Toy al.; Thes RobGes. al. sub שָׁפָל.

of sound Ecclesiastes 12:4.

Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁפִּיל Isaiah 25:12, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁפִּיל Psalms 75:8, sf. יַשְׁפִּילֶנָּה יַשְׁפִּילָהּ Isaiah 26:5 (but 2nd vb. prob. doublet), etc.; Imv. mpl. (sf.) (הַשְׁפִּילֵ הוּ Job 40:11 Jeremiah 13:18; Inf. cstr. sf. הַשְׁפִּילְךָ Proverbs 25:7 (Ezekiel 21:31 read abs. הַשְׁפֵּיל, ‖ הַגְבֵּהַּ, so Co Krae Ges^{§ 113 bb R. 3}); Pt. מַשְׁפִּיל I Samuel 2:7 Psalms 147:6; מַשְׁפִּילִי (Ges^{§ 90 l}) Psalms 113:6;—

usually fig., י׳ subj., lay low, tree Ezekiel 17:24 (opp. הִגְבַּהְתִּי); city Isaiah 26:5 (‖ הֵשַׁח); fortress Isaiah 25:12 (+ הֵשַׁח; Du thinks doublet of Isaiah 26:5); humiliate pride v Isaiah 26:11; Isaiah 13:11, cf. Job 40:11; obj. עֵינַיִם רָמוֹת Psalms 18:28, so read also ‖ II Samuel 22:28, י׳מַשׁ׳אַף־מְרוֹמֵם I Samuel 2:7, רְשָׁעִים Psalms 147:6; זֶה יַשׁ׳ וְזֶה יָרִים Psalms 75:8, cf. Ezekiel 21:31.

hum. subj. set one in a lower place Proverbs 25:7; subj. hum. pride Proverbs 29:23; declar. Isaiah 57:9 thou didst shew abasement עַד־שְׁאוֹל.

as helping vb.: + vb. coörd., הַשׁ׳ שֵׁ֑בוּ Jeremiah 13:18 make low, sit down = take a low seat (Ges^{§ 120 g}); + inf. מַשׁ׳ לִרְאוֹת Psalms 113:6 he who maketh low to look upon heaven and earth (i.e. י׳; ‖ הַמַּגְבִּיהִי לָשָׁ֑בֶת v Psalms 113:5; Ges^{§ 114n}).—הִשְׁפִּילוּ וַתֹּאמֶר גֵּוָ֑ה Job 22:29 is dub.; ‖ יוֹשִׁעַ favours אֱלוֹהַּ as subj., which Bu conj. for וַתֹּא׳, read then הִשְׁפִּיל, א׳ hath abased pride, so (in part) Du; > they cast (thee) down (RV); men are cast down (הִשׁ׳ intrans.; AV, cf. Lag^{BN 121}); (thy ways) are brought low (Ew De Di).

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שָׁפָל

adj. low;—abs. שׁ׳ II Samuel 6:22 +, cstr. שְׁפַל Proverbs 29:23 +; fs. שְׁפָלָה Ezekiel 17:14 +, cstr. שִׁפְלַת v Ezekiel 17:6; pl. שְׁפָלִים Job 5:11;—

low, in height, of vine Ezekiel 17:6, tree v Ezekiel 17:24 (opp. גָּבֹהַּ); שׁ׳ מִן־הָעוֹר Leviticus 13:20 lower (deeper) than the skin (around it), so v Leviticus 13:21, Leviticus 13:26, cf. Leviticus 14:37.

of a modest, unambitious kingdom Ezekiel 17:14; Ezekiel 29:14, Ezekiel 29:15; low in station Job 5:11 (opp. שָֽׂגְבוּ), Ezekiel 21:31 (Ges^{§ 90 f}; read הַשְּׁפָלָה֣).

humiliated, שׁ׳ בְּעֵינָ֑י II Samuel 6:22; pl. Malachi 2:9 (‖ נִבְזִים).

lowly, as subst. Psalms 138:6 (opp. גָּבֹהַּ), רוּחַ שְׁפָלִים Isaiah 57:15 (‖ נִדְכָּאִים); שְׁפַל רוּחַ v Isaiah 57:15, Proverbs 29:23 (opp. גַּאֲוַת אָדָם), + Proverbs 16:19 Thes al. (but v. √ Qal 2).

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שָׁפָן

n.m. ^{Leviticus 11:5} rock-badger, hyrax syriacus, AV RV coney;—abs. שׁ׳ Deuteronomy 14:7 = Leviticus 11:5 (P; unclean animal); living in rocks, pl. שְׁפַנִּים Psalms 104:18 Proverbs 30:26.—Vid. Rob^{BR iii. 66, 387} Tr^{NHB 75; FFP 1, and Pl. 1} Dr Dt Post^{Hast. DB coney} McLean-Shipley^{Ency. Bib. id.}.

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שָׁפָן²

n.pr.m. Σαφ(φ)αν:

secretary (הַסֹּפֵר) under Josiah II Kings 22:3, II Kings 22:8^(×2), II Kings 22:9, II Kings 22:10^(×2), II Kings 22:12, II Kings 22:14; II Chronicles 34:8, II Chronicles 34:15^(×2), II Chronicles 34:16, II Chronicles 34:18^(×2), II Chronicles 34:20.

father of אֲחִיקָם, contemp. of 1 (improb. = 1): II Kings 22:12; II Kings 25:22; Jeremiah 26:24; Jeremiah 39:14; Jeremiah 40:5, Jeremiah 40:9, Jeremiah 40:11; Jeremiah 41:2; Jeremiah 43:6; II Chronicles 34:20.

father of אֶלְעָשָׂה Jeremiah 29:3, perhaps = 2.

father of גְּמַרְיָ֫הוּ Jeremiah 36:10 (called הַסֹּפֵר), v Jeremiah 29:11, Jeremiah 29:12, perhaps = 1.

father of יַאֲזַנְיָ֫הוּ Ezekiel 8:11, possibly = 1.

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שֶׁ֫פַע

n.[m.] abundance;—cstr. שׁ׳ Deuteronomy 33:19.

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שִׁפְעָה

n.f. abundance, quantity;—appar. abs. שִׁפְעַת II Kings 9:17, a multitude (of men), (Bur שִׁפְעָה, or שִׁפְעַת אֲנָשִׁים as Klo Benz al.; > 𝔊^B Kit עָפָר); cstr. שִׁפְעַת יֵהוּא v II Kings 9:17 Jehu’s multitude; cstr., of horses Ezekiel 26:10, camels Isaiah 60:6; of waters Job 22:11; Job 38:34.

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שִׁפְעִי

n.pr.m. in Simeon I Chronicles 4:37; Σεφει, 𝔊L Σωφει.

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שְׁפִיפֹן

n.[m.] horned snake, 𝔊 κεράστης (Arabic سِفٌّ, سُفٌ Frey);—abs. שׁ׳ Genesis 49:17 (‖ נָחָשׁ); = cerastes cornutus or Hasselquistii, cf. Tr^{NHB 273} Post^{Hast. DB iv. 457 f.} McLean-Shipley^{Ency. Bib. iv. 4393} Dr^{ad loc.}—שְׁפוּפָם, שְׁפוּפָן vid. s.v.

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שָׁפַר

vb. be beautiful, fair, comely (Arabic سَفَرَ remove veil (of women), shine; Aramaic שְׁפַר be pleasing (v. Daniel 6:2), ܫܦܰܪ be beautiful, bright, pleasing, ܫܰܦܺܝܪ beautiful);—

Pf. 3 fs. שָֽׁפְרָה עָלָ֑י (Aramaic) Psalms 16:6 (the) heritage is beautiful for (pleasing to) me (v. עַל II. 8).

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שֶׁ֫פֶר

n. m. beauty, goodliness;—abs. אִמְרֵי־שָׁ֑פֶר Genesis 49:21 (v. אֹמֶר, אָמִיר).

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שֶׁ֫פֶר²

n.pr.mont. as a station in wilderness;—הַר־שָׁ֑פֶר Numbers 33:23, Numbers 33:24 (P); Σαφαρ.

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שִׁפְרָה

n.f. fairness, clearness, of sky;—abs. שׁ׳ Job 26:13 by his breath the sky becomes fair(ness), v. especially De Di Bu Du; > Che^{JQ 1897, 578} (after 𝔊) בְּרִיחֵי שָׁמַיִם סֹגֵר הוּא.

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שִׁפְרָה²

n.pr.f. Hebrew midwife, Exodus 1:15 (E); Σεπφωρα (cf. Lag^{BN 90}).

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שָׁפִיר

n.pr.loc. in Philist. plain, Micah 1:11 (= שָׁמִיר Joshua 15:48?); 𝔊 καλῶς (!).

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שָׁפַת²

v. II. שׁפה.

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שְׁפַתַּ֫יִם²

n.[m.]du. doubtful word: usually hook-shaped pegs, hooks, so 𝔗 Thes AV RV; abs. וְהַשּׁ׳ Ezekiel 40:43; < 𝔖 𝔙 Co וּשְׂפָתָם and their edge, so Aq Theod Symm and prob. 𝔊, cf. Hi-Sm, and Krae (וּשְׂפַת).—i. שׁ׳ v. √ שׁפה.

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שָׁקַד

vb. watch, wake (Ph. שקד be circumspect; NH שָׁקַד be insistent; 𝔗 שְׁקֵד = BH);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Psalms 127:1, שָׁקַ֫דְתִּי Jeremiah 31:28 Psalms 102:8; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁק֑וֹד Job 21:32 (Me Bu יִשְׁקֹ֑דוּ), וַיִּשְׁקֹד Daniel 9:14, 1 s. אֶשְׁקֹד Jeremiah 31:28; Imv. mpl. שִׁקְדוּ Ezra 8:29; Inf. cstr. לִשְׁקֹד Proverbs 8:34; Pt. act. שֹׁקֵד Jeremiah 1:12 +; pl. cstr. שֹׁקְדֵי Isaiah 29:20;—

keep watch of, be wakeful over, י׳ subj., עַל pers., to benefit or injure Jeremiah 31:28^(×2); Jeremiah 44:27; עַל rei, to perform it Jeremiah 1:12; Daniel 9:14; so (men subj.) שֹׁקְדֵי אָוֶן Isaiah 29:20; of leopard watching עַל־עָרֵיהֶם Jeremiah 5:6 (to seize prey, fig.); of man watching (for admission) at (עַל) wisdom’s doors Proverbs 8:34 (‖ שָׁמַר); = keep guard over (עַל) Job 21:32, cf. (abs.) שׁ׳ וְשִׁמְרוּ Ezra 8:29, and (of watchman, שֹׁמֵר) Psalms 127:1.

be wakeful, wake, as mourner, sufferer Psalms 102:8.—Lamentations 1:14 read perhaps

Pf. נִשְׁקַד עַל־פְּשָׁעַי (𝔊 Bu) watch has been kept over my transgressions (cf. 1 supra), for MT נִשְׂקַד עֹל פ׳.—

denom. v. infra.

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שָׁקֵד

n.[m.] almond(-tree) (NH id.; so called from its early waking out of winter’s sleep, according to Ki Thes Lag^{BN 45} al.; Aramaic שִׁיגְדָּא, ܫܶܓܕܳܐ, ܫܶܓܕܬܳܐ, whence Ethiopic ሰግድ: cf. Nö^{M 39}; cf. Löw^{No. 319});—

almond, i.e. the nut, pl. שְׁקֵדִים Genesis 43:11 (J; + בָּטְנִים, etc.), Numbers 17:23 (P).

almond-tree Jeremiah 1:11 and (prob.) Ecclesiastes 12:5.

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שָׁקַד²

vb.

denom.—only Pt. pl. in גְּבִעִים מְשֻׁקָּדִים cups shaped like almond (blossoms) Exodus 25:33^(×2), Exodus 25:34; Exodus 37:19^(×2), Exodus 37:20 (all P).

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שָׁקָה

vb.

cause to drink water, give to drink (NH Hiph. id.; Arabic سَقَى i. give to drink; Sab. סקי be irrigated Fell ^{ZMG liv (1900), 246}, מסקי drinks Hom ^{Chr 124}, מסתקין id. DHM ^{Hofmus., No. 1, 1.7}; Ethiopic ሰቀየ: water, irrigate; Assyrian šaḳû i. = Heb. Hiph., Aramaic שְׁקָא, ܫܩܳܐ Aph.);—for

v. I. שָׁתָה;—Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְהִשְׁקָה Genesis 2:6 +, sf. וְהִשְׁקָהּ Numbers 5:27; 2 ms. consec. וְהִשְׁקִיתָ Numbers 20:8 +; 1 s. consec. וְהִשְׁקֵיתִי Ezekiel 32:6, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁקֶה Numbers 5:26, וַיַּשְׁקְ Genesis 29:10 +, etc.; Imv. ms. sf. הַשְׁקֵ֫הוּ Proverbs 25:21; fs. sf. הַשְׁקִ֫ינִי Genesis 24:43 +; Inf. cstr. הַשְׁקוֹת Genesis 2:10 +, sf. הַשְׁקֹתוֹ Genesis 24:19; Pt. מַשְׁקֶה Psalms 104:13, cstr. Habakkuk 2:15 (v. also i., ii. מַשְׁקֶה);—

irrigate, ground: subj. man Deuteronomy 11:10, mist Genesis 2:6, river v Genesis 2:10 (both J), spring Joel 4:18; subj. י׳ Isaiah 27:3 (כֶּרֶם), Ezekiel 17:7 (גֶּפֶן), both in fig., fig. also Ezekiel 32:6 water land מִדָּם; lit. c. מִן of source Psalms 104:13 (הָרִים) and (subj. man) Ecclesiastes 2:6 (יַעַר).

water, give drink to, usually human subj., acc. of beast, Genesis 24:14, Genesis 24:46^(×2); Genesis 29:2 (מִן of source), v Genesis 29:3, Genesis 29:7, Genesis 29:8, Genesis 29:10 Exodus 2:16, Exodus 2:17, Exodus 2:19 (all J), Psalms 104:11 (subj. springs); acc. pers. Genesis 21:19 (E), Genesis 24:18, Genesis 24:19, Genesis 24:45 (J), Habakkuk 2:15 (fig.), Isaiah 43:20 (י׳ subj.), Psalms 78:15 (id.), II Chronicles 28:15, c. ב of vessel Esther 1:7; c. acc. pers. et animal. Numbers 20:8 (P); give one something to drink, acc. pers. + rei (water, wine, etc.), Amos 2:12; Genesis 19:32, Genesis 19:33, Genesis 19:34, Genesis 19:35; Genesis 24:43; Numbers 5:24, Numbers 5:26; Judges 4:19 I Samuel 30:11; II Samuel 23:15 = I Chronicles 11:15; Job 22:7, cf. Song of Songs 8:2 (מִיַּיִן); fig. Jeremiah 8:14; Jeremiah 9:14; Jeremiah 16:7; Jeremiah 23:15; Jeremiah 25:15 Psalms 69:22, cf. וְנַחַל עֲדָנֶיךָ תַשְׁקֵם Psalms 36:9, and וַתַּשְׁקֵ֫מוֹ בִּדְמָעוֹת Psalms 80:6; acc. rei om., lit. Judges 4:19; Exodus 32:20 (E), fig. Jeremiah 25:17.—Vid. also i. מַשְׁקֶה infra.

Impf. 3 ms. וּמֹחַ עַצְמוֹתָיו יְשֻׁקֶּה Job 21:24 the marrow of his bones is watered, (refreshed, invigorated).—נשׁקה Amos 8:8 v. שׁקע.

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שָׁקַט

vb. be quiet, undisturbed (𝔗 שְׁקַט (rare); NH שׁקט is sink down; Arabic سَقَطَ is drop down);—

Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְשׁ׳ Jeremiah 30:10; Jeremiah 46:27, 3 fs. שָֽׁקְטָה Joshua 11:23 +, שָׁקָ֑טָה II Kings 11:20 +; 1 s. שָׁקַ֫טְתִּי Job 3:26, וְשָׁקַטְתִּ֫י Ezekiel 16:42; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁקֹט Ruth 3:18; 2 fs. תְּשְׁקֹ֑טִי Jeremiah 47:6, Jeremiah 47:7; 1 s. אֶשְׁקוֹט Isaiah 62:1; Job 3:13, אשׁקוטה Isaiah 18:4 Kt, Qr אֶשָׁקֳטָה (Ges^{§§ 10h, 48c}); Pt. שֹׁקֵט Judges 18:7 +, fs. שֹׁקֶ֫טֶת I Chronicles 4:40, שֹׁקָ֑טֶת Zechariah 1:11; pl. הַשֹּׁקְטִים Ezekiel 38:11;—be quiet, undisturbed:

of land, at peace, abs. Judges 3:11, Judges 3:30; Judges 5:31; Judges 8:28; Isaiah 14:7 (+ נָ֫חָה), II Chronicles 13:23; II Chronicles 14:5; + מִמִּלְחָמָה Joshua 11:23; Joshua 14:15 (D?), cf. v Joshua 14:5 (P); וּשְׁלֵוָה וְשׁ׳ I Chronicles 4:40; of earth Psalms 76:9 Zechariah 1:11 (ישֶׁבֶת ושׁ׳); abs. of city II Kings 11:20 = II Chronicles 23:21, kingdom II Chronicles 20:30, + לִפְנֵי pers. II Chronicles 14:4; of people, שׁ׳ וּבֹטֵחַ in peace and security Judges 18:7, Judges 18:27, הַשֹּׁקְטִים ישְׁבֵי לָבֶ֑טַח Ezekiel 38:11; + שַׁאֲנַן Jeremiah 30:10 = Jeremiah 46:27; of Moab, שַׁאֲנַן … וְשֹׁקִט אֶל־שְׁמָרָיו Jeremiah 48:11 undisturbed upon its less (fig. of wine); of Job, quiet in death Job 3:13, be at rest (from apprehensions of evil) v Job 3:26 (+ שָׁלַוְתִּי, נָחְ֑תִּי).

be quiet, inactive: of י׳ + וְאַבִּיטָה Isaiah 18:4 I will be quiet and gaze, i.e. gaze as an inactive spectator, Psalms 83:2 (‖ דמה, חרשׁ be silent); = be pacified Ezekiel 16:42; of sword of י׳ Jeremiah 47:6, Jeremiah 47:7; of Boaz Ruth 3:18 he will not be quiet until he has finished the matter; of prophet Isaiah 62:1 (‖ חָשָׁה be silent).

Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁקִיט Proverbs 15:18, יַשְׁקִט Job 34:29; Imv. ms. הַשְׁקֵט Isaiah 7:4; Inf. abs. חַשְׁקֵט Isaiah 32:17 +; cstr. הַשְׁקִיט Psalms 94:13, -קִט Job 37:17, -קֵט Isaiah 57:20; Jeremiah 49:23;—

shew quietness (inner causat.), of men Isaiah 7:4 (+ אַל־תִּירָא), of sea Isaiah 57:20 = Jeremiah 49:23, earth Job 37:17 (+ מִדָּרוֹם); hence Inf. abs. = subst., quietness, display of quietness Isaiah 30:15, עֲבֹדַת הַצְּדָקָה הַשְׁקֵט וָבֶ֫טַח Isaiah 32:17 the product of righteousness is quietness and security (Du Che^Hpt Marti del. הַצּ׳ as dittogr. from v a, read הַמִּשְׁפָּט for הַשְׁקֵט, and del. וָ: the product of justice is security); (presumptuous) security, שַׁלְוַת הַשְׁקֵט Ezekiel 16:49 (of Sodom).

cause quietness: subj. י׳ Job 34:29, לְהַשְׁקִיט לוֹ מִימֵי רָ֑ע Psalms 94:13; pacify, allay, obj. רִיב Proverbs 15:18.

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שָׁקַל

vb. weigh (NH id.; Arabic ثَقُلَ be heavy, ثِقَلٌ heaviness, weight, ثَقَلٌ load, Old Aramaic תקל weigh, Aramaic תְּקַל, ܬܩܰܠ (weigh), pay, תִּקְלָא shekel, but also (Old Aramaic Zinj.) שקל, שקלן Lzb³⁸²; ܫܩܰܠ lift up; Assyrian šaḳâlu, weigh, šiḳlu (appar.) = שֶׁקֶל; Ethiopic ሰቀለ: hang up, weigh; Ph. משקל weight; cf. Frä²⁰², also Gk. σίγλος (𝔊 σίκλος), Lag^{M ii.357} Lewy^Fremdw.118f.;—on connex. of meanings cf. weigh trans. and intrans. = Germ. wägen, wiegen, also heave, heavy, heft (= weight, obs. or colloq.));—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ II Samuel 14:26; Isaiah 40:12; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁקֹל Exodus 22:16, sf. יִשְׁקְלֵ֫נִי Job 31:6, etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁקוֹל Job 6:2; cstr. לִשְׁקוֹל Esther 4:7; Pt. act. שֹׁקֵל Isaiah 33:18; II Samuel 18:12 read perhaps שָׁקֻל, v. infr.;

weigh, human subj. Isaiah 33:18, acc. rei II Samuel 14:26; Isaiah 46:6 (ב of scale); fig., י׳ subj. Isaiah 40:12, also (acc. pers.) Job 31:6 (both c. ב of scale); cf. Inf. abs. sub Niph.; weigh precious metals intrusted to one, ל pers. Ezra 8:25, עַל־יָדָם v Ezra 8:26, acc. rei om. v Ezra 8:29 (לִפְנֵי of superior).

weigh out a price (i.e. pay): acc. of silver Exodus 22:16 (E), I Kings 20:39 Zechariah 11:12 Jeremiah 32:10 (ב of scale), Isaiah 55:2 (c. ב, in exchange for); + ל pers. Jeremiah 32:9; Genesis 23:16 (P); + עַל־כַּפַּי II Samuel 18:12 (read perhaps שָׁקֻל, so We Kit^Kau Bu Buhl), עַל־יְדֵי פ׳ Esther 3:9, עַל־גִּנְזֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ Esther 4:7.

be weighed:

Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁקַל, subj. rei Ezra 8:33 (pass. of Qal v Ezra 8:25); Impf. 3 ms. fig. (+ Qal Inf. abs.), לוּ שָׁקוֹל יִשָּׁקֵל כַּעְשִׂי Job 6:2.

be weighed out, as price, Job 28:15.

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שֶׁ֫קֶל

n.m. Leviticus 27:6 a weight, shekel (orig. = weight; late Heb. = coin GACooke ^Inscr.356);—abs. שׁ׳ Amos 8:5 +, שָׁ֑קֶל Exodus 38:29 +; pl. שְׁקָלִים Joshua 7:21 +; cstr. שִׁקְלֵי I Chronicles 21:25;—shekel, as standard weight Amos 8:5; of weight of bronze armour I Samuel 17:5, iron spear-head v I Samuel 17:7, + II Samuel 21:16 (v. מִשְׁקָל), hair II Samuel 14:26, food Ezekiel 4:10; implying value, of wedge of gold Joshua 7:21 (JE); of nails in temple (gold) II Chronicles 3:9; usually a definite weight of silver (used in payment or valuation) Exodus 21:32 (E), Joshua 7:21 (JE), I Samuel 9:8; II Samuel 24:24; II Kings 7:1^(×2), II Kings 7:16^(×2), II Kings 7:18^(×2); II Kings 15:20; Jeremiah 32:9; Ezekiel 45:12^(×2) (v. infra), and (= coin, from time of Darius I) Nehemiah 5:15; Nehemiah 10:33; Leviticus 5:15; Leviticus 27:3, Leviticus 27:4, Leviticus 27:5^(×2) (all P), + 53 times P; also מַחֲצִית הַשּׁ׳ Exodus 30:13^(×2), Exodus 30:15; Exodus 38:26 (= בֶּקַע), all half-shekel, atonement-money; cf. שְׁלִישִׁית הַשּׁ׳ Nehemiah 10:33 one-third; also רֶבַע שׁ׳ I Samuel 9:8 one-fourth of shekel; שׁ׳ = I Samuel 9:20 גֵּרָה (ג׳ otherwise unknown) Ezekiel 45:12; Exodus 30:13; Leviticus 27:25; Numbers 3:47; Numbers 3:50 שׁ׳ = one maneh Ezekiel 45:12 (read וַחֲמִשִּׁים for וחמשׁה [and עֶשְׂרֵה for עֲשָׂרָה preceding], 𝔊^A Boeckh Hi-Sm Co Toy Da Krae Berthol); שׁ׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Exodus 30:13, Exodus 30:24; Leviticus 5:15; Numbers 3:47, Numbers 3:50; Numbers 7:13 + 21 times P; land estimated in שׁ׳ of gold I Chronicles 21:25; שׂ׳ also often om. after num.—שׁ׳ was of two standards, one one-half the other; actual weights (and values) varied, but most persistent were: (1) gold, 252 2/3 gr. Troy (or 126 1/3), mod. equiv. c. £2 1 s., or $10; (2) silver, 224 1/2 gr. (nearly 1/2 oz.) = שׁ׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ (v. supra), or 112 1/4, mod. equiv. c. 2 s. 9d., or 67 c.; שׁ׳ בְּאֶבֶן הַמֶּלֶךְ II Samuel 14:26 is dub.; if late (Bu HPS Löhr Now) it prob. ref. to a Bab. or Pers. scale (cf. S-C^Pap באבני מלבא often); 60 (or 50) שׁ׳ = 1 mina, 60 minas = 1 talent (v. מָנֶה, כִּכָּר). Vid. especially ARSKennedy^Hast. ^{DB weights and measures, and money}.

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שֶׁ֫קֶף

n. [m.] frame-work, casing of doors (cf. NH שְׁקוּף lintel, Aramaic שְׁקוֹף, שַׁקְפָא threshold);—שָׁ֑קֶף I Kings 7:5.

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שֶׁ֫קֶץ

n.m. ^{Leviticus 7:21} detestation, detestable thing;—שׁ׳ of the ceremonially unclean Leviticus 7:21; creatures forbidden as food: water animals without fins or scales Leviticus 11:10, Leviticus 11:11, Leviticus 11:12, birds of prey, etc., v Leviticus 11:13, winged creeping things v Leviticus 11:20, Leviticus 11:23, creeping vermin v Leviticus 11:41, Leviticus 11:42 (all P), cf. Isaiah 66:17 (+ בְּשַׂר הַחֲזִיר, הָעַכְבָּר); v. RS^{Sem. i. 275, 2nd ed. 293; K 309 f., 2nd ed. 311 f.}—Ezekiel 8:10 read prob. שִׁקּוּצִים, v. שִׁקּוּץ.

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שִׁקֵּץ

vb.

denom. detest, make detestable;—Pf. 3 ms. שִׁקַּץ Psalms 22:25; Impf. 2 mpl. תְּשַׁקְּצוּ Leviticus 11:13 +, etc.; Inf. abs. שַׁקֵּץ Deuteronomy 7:26;—

detest, c. acc. rei Deuteronomy 7:26 (Impf. + Inf. abs.; ‖ תַּעֵב תְּתַעֲבֶנּוּ), Leviticus 11:11, Leviticus 11:13 (P); ‖ בָּזָה Psalms 22:25.

make detestable, obj. נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם (= reflex.) Leviticus 11:43 (P), Leviticus 20:25 (H).

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שִׁקּוּץ

n.m. ^{Daniel 11:31} detested thing;—abs. שִׁקּוּץ Daniel 11:31; Daniel 12:11, cstr. שִׁקֻּץ I Kings 11:5 +; pl. שִׁקּוּצִים II Chronicles 15:8, שִׁקֻּצִים II Kings 23:24; cstr. שִׁקּוּצֵי Ezekiel 20:7, Ezekiel 20:8; sf. שִׁקּוּצֵיהֶם Jeremiah 16:18 +, etc.—detested thing, epith. of Isr. Hosea 9:10 (si vera l.; not elsewhere bef. Dt); of filth Nahum 3:6; appar. of unclean food Zechariah 9:7 (as שֶׁקֶץ); of idols (often ‖ תּוֹעֵבָה, גִּלּוּל, etc.), Deuteronomy 29:16; II Kings 23:13, II Kings 23:24; Isaiah 66:3; Jeremiah 4:1; Jeremiah 7:30 = Jeremiah 32:34; Jeremiah 13:27; Jeremiah 16:18; Ezekiel 5:11; Ezekiel 7:20; Ezekiel 11:18, Ezekiel 11:21; Ezekiel 20:7, Ezekiel 20:8, Ezekiel 20:30; Ezekiel 37:23; of idolatrous practices Daniel 9:27, but read prob. as Daniel 11:31 (so 𝔊 Θ), and כַּנּוֹ for כנף (v. Dr); שׁ׳ (םְ)שֹׁמֵם Daniel 11:31; Daniel 12:11 detested thing causing horror is the heathen altar erected in temple by Ant. Epiph., with (prob.) a statue of Zeus Olympios = (Ph.) בעלשמם lord of heaven; the prophet puts שִׁקּוּץ for בעל, and (םְ)שֹׁמֵם) for שָׁמַיִם; cf. Nes^{ZAW iv (1884), 248} Che^{OP 105} Dr Dn.

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שֶׁ֫קֶר

n.m. deception, disappointment, falsehood;—שׁ׳ Exodus 23:7 + 64 times; שָׁ֑קֶר Exodus 5:9 + 42 times; pl. שְׁקָרִים Psalms 101:7 + 3 times; sf. שִׁקְרֵיהֶם Jeremiah 23:32;—

deception,what deceives, disappoints, and betrays one: a molten image Jeremiah 10:14 = Jeremiah 51:17; gift Proverbs 25:14; grace of person Proverbs 31:30, etc.; אֹ֫רַח שׁ׳ Psalms 119:104, Psalms 119:128; דֶּ֫רֶךְ שׁ׳ v Psalms 119:29; בטח בשׁ׳ Jeremiah 13:25; נחל שׁ׳ Jeremiah 16:19, cf. also Psalms 7:15; Psalms 33:17; Psalms 119:118; Isaiah 28:15; לַשֶּׁקֶר for disappointment, in vain I Samuel 25:21; Jeremiah 3:23.

deceit, fraud, wrong: (ל)שׁ׳ עשׂה do or practise fraud, wrong Hosea 7:1; Jeremiah 6:13; Jeremiah 8:9, Jeremiah 8:10; c. בְ, II Samuel 18:13; פְּעֻלַּת שׁ׳ Proverbs 11:18; לֶ֫חֶם שׁ׳ Proverbs 20:17 food got by fraud; זֶ֫רַע שׁ׳ Isaiah 57:4; עֵט שׁ׳ Jeremiah 8:8; ילד שׁ׳ Psalms 7:15 (‖ עמל); דרךְ לשׁון קשׁת שׁ׳ Jeremiah 9:2; בְּשׁ׳ Jeremiah 3:10 (‖ בגד), adv. שׁקר fraudulently, wrongfully Psalms 35:19; Psalms 38:20; Psalms 69:5; Psalms 119:78, Psalms 119:86.

injurious falsehood, in testimony, especially in courts: עֵד שֶׁקֶר Exodus 20:13 (E) Deuteronomy 19:18 Psalms 27:12 Proverbs 6:19; Proverbs 14:5; Proverbs 25:18; עֵד שׁקרים Proverbs 12:17; Proverbs 19:5, Proverbs 19:9; ענה שׁ׳ Deuteronomy 19:18 testify falsehood; שְׁבֻעַת שׁ׳ Zechariah 8:17 false oath; נשׁבע לשׁ׳ swear falsely Jeremiah 5:2 + 5 times; נשׁבע על שׁ׳ Leviticus 5:22; דבּר שׁ׳ Micah 6:12 + (v. [דָּבַר], דָּבָר); אִמְרֵי שׁ׳ Isaiah 32:7; שׁ׳ שׂפת(י) Psalms 31:19; Psalms 120:2; Proverbs 10:18; Proverbs 17:7; טפל שׁ׳ Job 13:4 Psalms 119:69, cf. v Psalms 119:163; abs. false! II Kings 9:12 Jeremiah 37:14.

falsity, of false or self-deceived prophets: נבּא שׁ׳ prophesy falsely Jeremiah 14:14; Jeremiah 23:25, Jeremiah 23:26; Jeremiah 29:21; + ל pers. Jeremiah 27:10, Jeremiah 27:14, Jeremiah 27:16; נ׳ לַשּׁ׳ v Jeremiah 27:15; נ׳ בשׁ׳ Jeremiah 5:31; Jeremiah 20:6; Jeremiah 29:9; מוֹרֶה שׁ׳ Isaiah 9:14 Habakkuk 2:18; חזה שׁ׳ Zechariah 10:2; חֲזוֹן שׁ׳ Jeremiah 14:14, etc., (+ 12 times); רוּחַ שׁ׳ v. p. 925 b.

lie, falsehood, in gen.: דבר שּׁ׳ Psalms 101:7 (‖ רְמִיָּה); דְּבַר שׁ׳ Proverbs 13:5; of מִלִּים Job 36:4; לְשׁוֹן שׁ׳ false tongue Proverbs 6:17; Proverbs 12:19; Proverbs 21:6; Proverbs 26:28; Psalms 109:2; of lips Proverbs 12:22; אִישׁ שׁ׳ Proverbs 17:4 liar.

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שֹׁר

v. שׁרר.

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שָׁרָב

n.m.

burning heat;

parched ground;—only abs.: וְלֹא יַכֵּם שׁ׳ וָשָׁ֑מֶשׁ Isaiah 49:10; of ground, הַשּׁ׳ Isaiah 35:7 (‖ צִמָּאוֹן).

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שֵׁרֵֽבְיָה

n.pr.m. a Levite with Ezra (? י׳ hath sent burning heat; or cp. Syriac ܫܪܒ Pa. propagavit);—Σαραβια(ς): Ezra 8:18, Ezra 8:24; Nehemiah 8:7; Nehemiah 9:4, Nehemiah 9:5; Nehemiah 10:13; Nehemiah 12:8, Nehemiah 12:24.

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שַׁרְבִֿיט²

v. שׁבט.

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שָׁרָה

vb. let loose (NH id., dissolve; Assyrian šarû, Pi. open (building, for use), dedicate it; tašr̂tu, dedication; Old Aramaic שרה loose, so Aramaic שְׁרָא, ܫܪܳܐ; Ethiopic ሰረየ; remit, condone);—

Impf. 3 ms. sf. יִשְׁרֵ֫הוּ Job 37:3 he (God) lets it loose (i.e. the thunder).

Pf. 1 s. sf. שֵׁרִיתִ֫ךָ Jeremiah 15:11 Qr I will set thee free (cf. Jeremiah 40:4 𝔗 𝔖), but dub.; Kt שרותך (i.e. שָׁרוֹתִךָ, √ שׁרר), Thes Gie I vex thee [שַׁרַר = צָרַר, very dub.]; Ew al. RV strengthen thee; this yields best sense, but as Aramaic שׁרר is intrans., read then שֵׁרַרְתִּךָ or הֲשֵׁרוֹתִךָ, Dr; Jerome Rabb read שֵׁרִיתְךָ = שְׁאֵרִיתְךָ thy remnant (AV).

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שִׁרְיָה

n.f. a weapon, perhaps lance, javelin;—שׁ׳ Job 41:18 (+ חֶרֶב, חֲנִית, מַסָּע),—yet 𝔊 θώρακα, 𝔙 thorax, i.e. שִׁרְיוֹן.

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שִׁרְיוֹן

n.[m.] body-armour;—abs. שִׁרְיוֹן I Samuel 17:5, I Samuel 17:38; שִׁרְיָ֑ן (Ges^{§ 29 u}) I Kings 22:34 = II Chronicles 18:33, שִׁרְיָ֔ן Isaiah 59:17; pl. שִׁרְיֹנִים Nehemiah 4:10, שִׁרְיֹנוֹת II Chronicles 26:14;—body-armour, perhaps more exactly breast-armour, Nehemiah 4:10; with appendages (הַדָּבָקִים) I Kings 22:34 = II Chronicles 18:33; c. vb. לבשׁ I Samuel 17:5, made of scale-like plates (קַשְׂקַשִּׂים) of bronze v I Samuel 17:5, named with helmet here, so v I Samuel 17:38 II Chronicles 26:14 and (fig.) Isaiah 59:17.—שׁ׳ n.pr. v. שׂריון.

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שָׁרוֹן²

n.pr.loc.

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שִׁרְטַי

I Chronicles 27:29 Qr, v. שִׁטְרַי.

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שִׁרְיָה²

v. III. שׁרה.

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שִׁרְיוֹן²

v. IV. שׁרה.

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שָׁרַץ

vb. swarm, teem (NH id.; Aramaic ܫܪܰܨ crawl, ܫܶܪܨܳܐ = שֶׁרֶץ, so שִׁרְצָא (rare); Ethiopic ሠረጸ: germinate, sprout);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Psalms 105:30, שָֽׁרְצוּ Genesis 1:21, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁרֹץ Ezekiel 47:9, etc.; Imv. mpl. שִׁרְצוּ Genesis 9:7; Pt. הַשֹּׁרֵץ Genesis 7:21 +, f. הַשֹּׁרֶ֫צֶת Leviticus 11:46; Hex mostly P:—

swarm, teem with (acc. animal), subj. water Genesis 1:20, Genesis 1:21, cf. Exodus 7:28 (J), land Psalms 105:30.

swarm, subj. animal Genesis 8:17 (+ פָּרָה, רָבָה), Ezekiel 47:9, הַשֹּׁרֵץ Genesis 7:21; Leviticus 11:29 (P). Leviticus 11:41, Leviticus 11:42, Leviticus 11:46 (J) (all עַל־הָאָרֶץ), v Leviticus 11:43; subj. men Genesis 9:7 (+ פָּרָה, רָבָה), Exodus 1:7 (id., + עָצַם).

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שֶׁ֫רֶץ

n.m. Genesis 7, Genesis 21 coll. swarmers, swarming things;—שׁ׳ abs. Leviticus 11:29 +, שָׁ֑רֶץ v Leviticus 11:31; cstr. v Leviticus 11:20 +;—swarming things (H D and P), aquatic Genesis 1:20 Leviticus 11:10; small reptiles and quadrupeds Genesis 7:21 (+ עוֹף, בְּהֵמָה, חַיָּה), Leviticus 5:2 (+ חַיָּה, בְּהֵמָה), Leviticus 11:29 (weasel, mouse, lizard), v Leviticus 11:31, Leviticus 11:41, Leviticus 11:42, Leviticus 11:43 (c. cogn. שָׁרַץ) v Leviticus 11:44, cf. Leviticus 22:5; insects, שׁ׳ הָעוֹף Deuteronomy 14:19, + הַהֹלֵךְ עַל־אַרְבַּע Leviticus 11:20, Leviticus 11:21, cf. v Leviticus 11:23. cf. Dr^{DB i. 518}.

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שׁרר

(√ of [שָׁרִיר], שְׁרִירוּת, and perhaps of other words following; Old Aramaic שרר be firm, sound, Aramaic שְׁרַר be firm, hard, ܫܰܪ be firm, consistent, substantial, truthful, ܐܰܫܰܪ strengthen, confirm; Aramaic and NH שָׁרִיר firm, hard; ܫܰܪܺܝܪܽܘܬܳܐ firmness, strength, constancy).

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שֹׁר²

n.[m.] navel-string (cf. Aramaic שׁוּרָא Ezekiel 16:4 𝔗, ܫܶܪܳܐ, Arabic سُرٌّ, all id.);—sf. לֹא כָרַּת שָׁרֵּךְ Ezekiel 16:4 (Ges^{§ 22 s} Kö ^{ii. 1. 45}) thy navel-string was not cut; questioned are: שָׁרֶּ֑ךָ Proverbs 3:8 (De al. navel, synechd. for body, ‖ עַצְמוֹתֶיךָ; 𝔊 τῷ σώματί σου, cf. 𝔖, Clericus Bi Frankenberg בְּשָֽׂרְךָ, Ew Hi Kmp al. שְׁאֵרְךָ, Toy either); שָׁרְרֵךְ Song of Songs 7:3 (𝔊 ὀμφαλός σου; ‖ בִּטְנֵךְ), = שָׁרֵּךְ Thes al.; now often interpreted as = vulυa, cf. Arabic سِرٌّ secret part, Hi Stickel Buhl Öttli, noticed also by Thes, but Arabism dub., v. Bu.

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שָׁרָר

n.pr.m. II Samuel 23:33 = ii. שָׂכָר, q.v.

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שֹׁ֫רֶשׁ

n.m. Deuteronomy 29:17 root;—שׁ׳ abs. Deuteronomy 29:17 +, cstr. Isaiah 11:10 +; sf. שָׁרְשִׁי Job 29:19, etc.; pl. cstr. שָׁרְשֵׁי Job 13:27 (v. infr.) Job 36:30, sf. שָֽׁרָשָׁיו Amos 2:9 +, שָֽׁרָשֶׁיהָ Ezekiel 17:7 +;—

root of people under fig. of tree, involving firmness, permanence, Amos 2:9; Hosea 9:16; Hosea 14:6; Isaiah 14:30; II Kings 19:30 = Isaiah 37:31;—שָׁרְשָׁם Judges 5:14 is prob. corrupt, v. GFM;—so of pers. (cf. Ph., Eshmunazar ¹¹ GACooke ^{pp. 30, 36}) Isaiah 5:24; Malachi 3:19; Job 8:17; Job 18:16; Job 29:19; Proverbs 12:3, Proverbs 12:12; = stock, family Isaiah 11:1, Isaiah 11:10; Daniel 11:7, cf. (of serpent) Isaiah 14:29; = source or cause Deuteronomy 29:17, שׁ׳ דָּבָר Job 19:28.

lit root of tree or shrub Jeremiah 17:8 (sim.), Ezekiel 31:7 (metaph. of people), Isaiah 53:2 (sim.), Job 14:8; Job 30:4; of vine (metaph. of people) Ezekiel 17:6, Ezekiel 17:7, Ezekiel 17:9^(×2) Psalms 80:10 (acc. cogn. c. שׁרשׁ Hiph.).

root, fig. = lowest stratum, of mt. Job 28:9, of sea Job 36:30 = bottom (text strange and dub.: Du רָאשֵׁי הָרִים, with אֵדוֹ in v a); of feet, שָׁרְשֵׁי רַגְלַי Job 13:27, i.e. soles Ew Di De Da al. (elsewhere כַּף), Bu place of treading, footholds; Du (arbitrarily) שָׁרְשִׁי, del. רגלי.

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שָׁרַשׁ

vb. denom.

= deal with the roots;—

root up, out: Pf. 3 ms. sf. consec. וְשֵׁרֶשְׁךָ Psalms 52:7 he shall root thee up from (מִן) the land of the living; of fire (burn) roots, root: Impf. 3 fs. תְּשָׁרֵשׁ בְּ Job 31:12 fire (fig.) roots at all my increase. Pu. Impf. 3 mpl. יְשֹׁרָשׁוּ Job 31:8 be rooted up (of produce).

Poʿēl take root, establish oneself firmly: Pf. 3 ms. שֹׁרֵשׁ בָּאָרֶץ גִּזְעָם Isaiah 40:24 (fig. of princes, etc.). Poʿal id.: Pf. 3 mpl. שֹׁרָ֔שׁוּ Jeremiah 12:2 (fig. of wicked).

id.: Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁרֵשׁ Isaiah 27:6 (fig. of Isr.); 3 fs. וַתַּשְׁרֵשׁ Psalms 80:10 (id.; c. acc. cogn.); Pt. מַשְׁרִישׁ Job 5:3 (fig. of pers.).

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שָׁרַת

vb. Pi. minister, serve (cf. NH שֵׁרוּת (temple-) ministry, Ph. משרת ministry, and perhaps vb. שרת minister);—

Pf. 3 ms. שֵׁרֵת Numbers 8:26; Deuteronomy 18:7; 3 mpl. שֵׁרְתוּ Numbers 3:6; Impf. 3 ms. וַיְשָׁ֫רֶת Genesis 39:4, 3 mpl. יְשָֽׁרְתוּ Numbers 3:31 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. לְשָׁרֵת Exodus 28:35 +, לְשָׁ֫רֶת שָׁם Deuteronomy 17:12, etc.; Pt. מְשָׁרֵת Numbers 11:28 + (II Samuel 13:9 v. מַשְׂרֵת, p. 602a), f. מְשָׁרַת I Kings 1:15; etc.;—serve:

of ministerial service (opp. menial, עבד):

higher domestic service: Joseph Genesis 39:4; Genesis 40:4 (JE), Elisha’s chief servant II Kings 4:43; II Kings 6:15, royal domestics II Samuel 13:17, II Samuel 13:18 I Kings 10:5; II Chronicles 9:4; Esther 2:2; Esther 6:3, Abishag I Kings 1:4, I Kings 1:15.

of royal officers (late) I Chronicles 27:1; I Chronicles 28:1; II Chronicles 17:19; II Chronicles 22:8; Esther 1:10; Proverbs 29:12.

Joshua as chief assistant to Moses Exodus 24:13; Exodus 13:11 (E), Numbers 11:28 (J), Joshua 1:1 (D), Elisha to Elijah I Kings 19:21,

of angels to י׳ Psalms 103:21, cf. Psalms 104:4.

of kings of nations in proph. Isaiah 60:10.

usually of special service in worship:

of Levit. priests, abs. I Kings 8:11 = II Chronicles 5:14; c. acc. י׳ Deuteronomy 10:8; Deuteronomy 17:12; Deuteronomy 21:5; Jeremiah 33:21 + (strangely) מְשָֽׁרְתֵי אֹתִי v Jeremiah 33:22; also Isaiah 60:7 of animals put fig. for those sacrificing them; of foreigners admitted to priesthood Isaiah 61:6, cf. Isaiah 56:6; so prob. Samuel conceived as priest I Samuel 2:11; I Samuel 3:1, את פני י׳ I Samuel 2:18 (פני prob. acc., cf. 𝔊 τῷ προσώπῳ v I Samuel 3:11), שׁ׳ בְּשֵׁם י׳ Deuteronomy 18:5, Deuteronomy 18:7.

Levites (P, and late); c. acc. of Aaronic priests Numbers 3:6; Numbers 8:26; Numbers 18:2, c. acc. of י׳ I Chronicles 15:2; II Chronicles 29:11; prob. also in ref. to Lev. singer Psalms 101:6; c. acc. tabern. Numbers 1:50 (P), congregation Numbers 16:9 (P), people Ezekiel 44:11 + v Ezekiel 44:12 (of idolatry); abs. I Chronicles 16:4; II Chronicles 23:6; II Chronicles 29:11; II Chronicles 31:2 Ezra 8:17 (pt. as subst., ministers); שׁ׳ לִפְנֵי אֲרוֹן בְּרִית י׳ I Chronicles 16:37, שׁ׳ נֶגֶד הַכֹּהֲנִים II Chronicles 8:14; שׁ׳ c. ב loc. I Chronicles 26:12; especially c. בְּ, of sacred vessels Numbers 3:31; Numbers 4:9, Numbers 4:12, Numbers 4:14; II Kings 25:14 = Jeremiah 52:18; בַּשִּׁיר I Chronicles 6:17.

Zadokite priests (Ez), abs. Ezekiel 42:14; Ezekiel 44:17, Ezekiel 44:19, Ezekiel 44:27, c. acc. י׳ Ezekiel 40:46; Ezekiel 43:19; Ezekiel 44:15, Ezekiel 44:16; Ezekiel 45:4, cstr. מְשָׁרֲתֵי before place Ezekiel 45:4, Ezekiel 45:5; Ezekiel 46:24.

Aaronic priests, abs. Exodus 28:35 + 4 times P; c. acc. י׳ I Chronicles 23:13; לי׳ II Chronicles 13:10; מְשָֽׁרְתֵי י׳ Joel 1:9, Joel 1:13; Joel 2:17, מְשָֽׁרְתֵי מזבח Joel 1:13, c. בַּקֹּדֶשׁ Exodus 28:43 + 4 times P.

of idolatry, c. acc. עץ ואבן Ezekiel 20:32.

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שָׁרֵת

n.m. religious ministry;—כְּלֵי הַשּׁ׳ vessels of m. in tabern. Numbers 4:12, temple II Chronicles 24:14.

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שֵׁשׁ³

six, v. שׁדשׁ.

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שֵׁשׁ⁴

v. שַׁיִשׁ.

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שֵׁשׁ⁵

n.m. Exodus 26:1 byssus (loan-wd. prob. from Egyptian šen-suten Reinischap. DHM^{VOJ viii (1894), 7} Copt. šens, cf. Copt. šent, weave; v. MʿLean^{Ency. Bib. linen}; on spinning, weaving, and wearing of linen in Egypt Erman^{Aegypten 594 ff.; Eng. Trans. 448 f.});—always abs. שׁ׳ (שׁשׁי Ezekiel 16:13 is error):—byssus, fine Egyptian linen (בּוּץ, q.v., is later synon.), i.e. the linen thread (spun by women Exodus 35:25), and the material woven from it: used for garments Genesis 41:42 (E), Ezekiel 16:10, Ezekiel 16:13 (שׁשׁי, read שׁשׁ), Proverbs 31:22; for sail (in fig. of Tyre as ship) Ezekiel 27:7 (brought from Egypt); elsewhere P, of priestly vestments Exodus 28:5, Exodus 28:39^(×2); Exodus 39:3, Exodus 39:27, Exodus 39:28^(×2); also שׁ׳ מָשְׁזָר twisted linen Exodus 28:6, Exodus 28:8, Exodus 28:15; Exodus 39:2, Exodus 39:5, Exodus 39:8, Exodus 39:28, Exodus 39:29 + v Exodus 39:24 (read וְשֵׁשׁ מ׳ Sam. 𝔊 Bae); שׁ׳ of hangings, etc., in tabern. Exodus 25:4; Exodus 35:6, Exodus 35:23, Exodus 35:25, Exodus 35:35; Exodus 38:23, and so שׁ׳ מָשְׁזָר Exodus 26:1, Exodus 26:31, Exodus 26:36; Exodus 27:9, Exodus 27:16, Exodus 27:18; Exodus 36:8, Exodus 36:35, Exodus 36:37; Exodus 38:9, Exodus 38:16, Exodus 38:18.

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שָׁשַׁי

n.pr.m. Jew with foreign wife Ezra 10:40; Σεσ(ε)ει.

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שֵׁשַׁי

n.pr.m. a son of Anaḳ (Aramaic form, cf. GFM Ju);—Numbers 13;Numbers 22; Joshua 15:14 (both JE), Judges 1:10; Σεσ(σ)ει, Σουσαι, Σουσει.

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שִׁשִּׁי²

v. i. שֵׁשׁ sub שׁדשׁ.

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שֵׁשַׁךְ

n.pr. terr. = בָּבֶל (Jer Rabb. and mod.; by Atbaš (את׳בש׳) v. improb.), late Bab. Šešku, name of Babylon (Delitzsch ^{Paradies 215});—Jeremiah 51:41 and hence (perhaps gloss) Jeremiah 25:26 (v. Gie).

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שֵׁשָׁן

n.pr.m. in Judah I Chronicles 2:31^(×2) (with one son), v I Chronicles 2:34^(×2), I Chronicles 2:35 (no sons, but daughters, cf. Benz Kit); Σωσαν[μ], 𝔊L Σισαν.

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שָׁשָׁק

(Baer Gi; van d. H. שָׁשַׁק, שָׁשָׁ֑ק) n.pr.m. in Benjamin, I Chronicles 8:14, I Chronicles 8:25; Σωκηλ, Σωιηκ, A Σωσηκ, 𝔊L Σισαχ (according to Simon. (Thes) = שַׁקְשַׁק one longed for (√ שׁקק)).

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שָׁת²

i. שֵׁת v. שׁית.

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שֵׁת²

v. שֵׁאת sub I. [שׁאה].

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שֵׁת³

v. II. שׁתה.

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שָׁתָה

vb. drink (NH id.; Assyrian šatû, Ethiopic ሰትየ Old Aramaic שתה, Aramaic שְׁתָא, אִשְׁתִּי, [ܫܬܐ], ܐܶܫܬܻܝ]; Sab. שתי DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 403} Hom^{Chr 124});—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Exodus 34:28 +, 1 s. שָׁתִ֫יתִי I Samuel 15 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁתֶּה Genesis 44:5 +, וַיִּשְׁתֶּה I Kings 19:8, usually וַיֵּשְׁתְּ Genesis 9:21 +; juss. וְיֵשְׁתְּ I Kings 13:18; 3 fs. וַתֵּשְׁתְּ Numbers 20:11; 2 ms. apoc. תֵּשְׁתְּ Judges 13:14 +, וַתֵּשְׁתְּ I Kings 13:22; 1 s. וָאֵשְׁתְּ Genesis 24:46; 3 mpl. יִשְׁתָּי֑וּן Psalms 78:44, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁתֵה Genesis 24:14 +, etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁתֹה Isaiah 21:5; Jeremiah 49:12 (in I Samuel 1:9 after prep., anom., Ges^{§ 113 e}, om. 𝔊 Th We Dr and mod.), שָׁתוֹ Jeremiah 25:28 +, שָׁתוֹת Isaiah 22:13 (Ges^{§ 75 n}); cstr. שְׁתוֹ †Proverbs 31:4, שְׁתוֹת Jeremiah 35:8, Jeremiah 35:14, לִשְׁתֹּת Genesis 24:19 +, sf. שְׁתוֹתוֹ I Kings 13:33, לִשְׁתּוֹתָהּ Isaiah 51:22 etc.; Pt. act. שֹׁתֶה Isaiah 29:8 +, f. שֹׁתָה Job 6:4, etc.;—

of man: drink, water, wine, etc., Exodus 34:28 (JE), cf. Exodus 15:24 (J), I Samuel 30:12 Amos 2:8; Amos 4:8; Amos 5:11; Isaiah 5:22; Isaiah 62:8, Isaiah 62:9; Proverbs 31:4, Judges 13:4, Judges 13:7, Judges 13:14 + often (2 times JE; 6 times D); by measure (short allowance) Ezekiel 4:11, Ezekiel 4:16; milk †Ezekiel 25:4, cf. Song of Songs 5:1; blood I Chronicles 11:19 (fig. of water gained by hazard); fig. חֲמָתָם שֹׁתָה רוּחִי Job 6:4 whose venom [of arrows of י׳] my spirit drinks up; acc. + מִן of source †Exodus 7:18 (J), v Exodus 7:21 (E), Exodus 15:23 (J), Proverbs 5:15 (fig.); acc. (of wine, water, etc.) om. Genesis 24:14^(×2); Genesis 27:25; Genesis 43:34 (all J) + 11 times J, Exodus 7:24; Exodus 17:6 (E), Numbers 20:5 (JE), v Numbers 20:11; Numbers 33:14 (P), Judges 15:19 + often; acc. שׁין †II Kings 18:27 = Isaiah 36:12; מַמְתַקִּים Nehemiah 8:10; abs. Ecclesiastes 2:24 +; + מִן of source I Kings 17:4, I Kings 17:6 Psalms 110:7, מִכֹּסוֹ II Samuel 12:3; שׁ׳ בְּמִזְרְקֵי יַיִן † Amos 6:6, cf. Genesis 44:5; שׁ׳ בְּיַיִן †Proverbs 9:5; c. מִן partit. Genesis 9:21; Exodus 7:24; Ruth 2:9, also (fig.) Jeremiah 51:7 (and Job 21:20 infra).

pt. as subst. שֹׁתֵי מַיִם Ezekiel 31:14, Ezekiel 31:16, שֹׁתֵי יַיִן Joel 1:5; שׁוֹתֵי שֵׁכָר Psalms 69:13.

drink wine in sacrificial feast Deuteronomy 32:38 (poem); blood of sacrificial victim Psalms 50:13 (fig. of י׳).

subj. animals Numbers 20:19; Jonah 3:7 (both + men), also (fig.) Ezekiel 34:18, Ezekiel 34:19; acc. (water) om. Genesis 24:19, Genesis 24:22; Genesis 30:38^(×2).

fig. of drinking cup of י׳’s wrath, שׁ׳ אֶת־כּוֹס חֲמָתוֹ Isaiah 51:17 (+ מִיַּד י׳), cf. v Isaiah 51:17, v Isaiah 51:22, v. also Ezekiel 23:32, Ezekiel 23:34 and (acc. om.) Jeremiah 25:16, Jeremiah 25:26, Jeremiah 25:27 + 8 times Je, Habakkuk 2:16; abs. Obadiah 1:16^(×3); acc. שְׁמָרִים Psalms 75:9; שׁ׳ מֵחֲמַת שַׁדַּי Job 21:20.

drink blood, fig. of slaughter, Numbers 23:24 (JE; of lion, metaph. of Isr.), Zechariah 9:15 (read דָּמָם for הָמוּ 𝔊 ^Codd. Sta Now Marti); so (blood of י׳’s sacrifice) Ezekiel 39:17, Ezekiel 39:18, Ezekiel 39:19.

fig. of wicked deeds: יֵין חֲמָסִים יִשְׁתּוּ Proverbs 4:17 (‖ לָֽחֲמוּ לֶחֶם רֶשַׁע; these are their food and drink), cf. Job 15:16; Job 34:7, but Proverbs 26:6 appar. = suffers violence (cf. De Toy).

late, = feast Esther 3:15; Esther 7:1 (cf. מִשְׁתֶּה).

Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁתֶה Leviticus 11:34 (P) all which is (may be) drunk, c. ב of vessel.—נִשְׁתָּ֑וָה Proverbs 27:15 v. I. שׁוה ad fin. For cause, give, to drink v. שׁקה.

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שָׁתַם

vb. dub.; if text correct, open (NH Aramaic שׁתם open [vessel]);—only

Pt. pass. cstr. הַגֶּבֶר שְׁתֻם הָעָ֑יִן Numbers 24:3, Numbers 24:15 (poems in JE) the man opened of [mental] eye, so 𝔖 Ki Ew al. RVm; 𝔙 Röd Ke Di al. render closed of [bodily] eye, reading then implicitly שְׂתֻם (cf. סָתַם, שָׂתַם Lamentations 3:8); v. further Gray.

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שֵׁתָר

n.pr.m. a prince of Persia Esther 1:14; Σαρσαθαιος.

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BDB (original) — ש (598)