ש

שְׁנָה (Aramaic)

n.f. sleep (𝔗 Syriac);—sf. שִׁנְּתֵהּ (K^{§ 12 d)}), var. שִׁנְתֵּהּ Daniel 6:19.—i. [שְׁנָה] v. [שְׁנָא].

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שַׂגִּיא (Aramaic)

adj. great, much;—abs. שׂ׳ Daniel 2:6 +, fpl. שַׂגִּיאָן Daniel 2:48 Ezra 5:11;—

great, of image Daniel 2:31 (in vision), height of tree Daniel 4:7 (id.); of honour Daniel 2:6.

much, fruit Daniel 4:9, Daniel 4:18, flesh Daniel 7:5; pl. many, years Ezra 5:11, gifts Daniel 2:48.

as adv. exceedingly, Daniel 2:12; Daniel 5:9; Daniel 6:15, Daniel 6:24; Daniel 7:28.

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שׂוּם (Aramaic)

vb. set, make (v. BH; for Pers. infl. on usage cf. Scheft⁶⁵);—

Pf. 3 ms. שָׂם Ezra 5:3 +, sf. שָׂמֵהּ Ezra 5:14; 2 ms. שַׂ֫מְתָּ Daniel 3:10; 1 s. שָׂ֫מֶת טְעֵם Ezra 6:12; 3 mpl. שָׂמוּ Daniel 3:12; Imv. mpl. שִׂ֫ימוּ Ezra 4:21;—

make, acc. טְעֵם = make decree Daniel 3:10; Ezra 6:1, Ezra 6:12, + vb. fin. v Ezra 6:3, + inf. Ezra 4:21; Ezra 5:13 and (c. ל pers.) v Ezra 5:3, Ezra 5:9.

make, appoint, one’s name Daniel 5:12 (2 acc.), one to office Ezra 5:14 (2 acc.).

set, fix, acc. בָּל mind, Daniel 6:15 (c. inf.); acc. טְעֵם Daniel 3:12; Daniel 6:14 pay due regard (טְעֵם) to (עַל pers.). Peʿîl. 3 ms. מִנִּי שִׂים טְעֵם Ezra 4:19 from me a decree is made, so Ezra 5:17; Ezra 6:8, Ezra 6:11; Ezra 7:13, Ezra 7:21; Daniel 3:29; Daniel 4:3; Daniel 6:27; lit. 3 fs. שֻׂמַת (read prob. שִׂימַת K^{§ 45, Beisp. 1. d)}) Daniel 6:18 (of stone, עַל loc.).

be made: Impf. 3 ms. יִתְּשָׂם Ezra 4:21 (of decree, טְעֵם c. מִן agent); 3 mpl. יִתְּשָׂמוּן Daniel 2:5 subj. rei + n. pred. be made into; Pt. מִתְּשָׂם Ezra 5:8 lit. be set, laid, of wood, ב of wall.

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שִׂיב (Aramaic)

vb. be hoary (v. BH);—

Pt. pl. as subst. = elders, term. techn., abs. שָׂבֵי יְהוּדָיֵא Ezra 5:5; Ezra 6:7, Ezra 6:8, Ezra 6:14; so emph. שָׂבַיָּא Ezra 5:9.

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שְׂעַר (Aramaic)

n.m. ^{Daniel 3:27} hair, of head (𝔗 ס׳, Syriac ܣܐ; v. BH I. שׂער);—cstr. Daniel 3:27; Daniel 7:9; sf. שַׁעְרֵהּ Daniel 4:30.

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שְׁאֵל (Aramaic)

vb. ask (v. BH);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Daniel 2:10; pl. שְׁאֵ֫לְנָא Ezra 5:9, Ezra 5:10; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יִשְׁאֲלֶנְכוֹן Ezra 7:21; Pt. act. שָׁאֵל Daniel 2:11, Daniel 2:27;—

ask for, request, acc. rei Daniel 2:10 (ל pers.), v Daniel 2:11, Daniel 2:27 Ezra 7:21 (sf. pers.).

inquire about, for, acc. rei Ezra 5:9 (ל pers.); sq. orat. rect. v Ezra 5:10 (id.).

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שְׁאֵלָה (Aramaic)

n.f. affair (weakened from question, inquiry, cf. Dr);—emph. שְׁאֵלְתָּא Daniel 4:14.

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שְׁאָר (Aramaic)

n.m. ^{Ezra 7:20} rest, remainder (v. BH I. שׁאר; Egyptian Aramaic n. שאר Cooke²⁰³, vb. ישתאר be left (outstanding) Cooke⁴⁰⁴ = S-C^{L 9}, Chr-Pal. ܫܐܪ );—שׁ׳ abs. Ezra 4:10 +, cstr. v Ezra 4:9 +; emph. שְׁאָרָא Daniel 7:7, Daniel 7:19;—of a thing, remainder Ezra 7:18, Ezra 7:20; of cities Ezra 4:10, Ezra 4:17, of persons v Ezra 4:9, Ezra 4:10, Ezra 4:17; Ezra 6:16 Daniel 2:18, of beasts Daniel 7:7, Daniel 7:12, Daniel 7:19.

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שְׁבַע (Aramaic)

only שִׁבְעָה n.f. seven (BH I. שֶׁבַע);—abs. שׁ׳ bef. n.m. pl. Daniel 4:13, Daniel 4:20, Daniel 4:22, Daniel 4:29; cstr. שִׁבְעַת bef. n.m. pl. Ezra 7:14; חַד שִׁבְעָה עַל־דִּי Daniel 3:19 seven times above what (more than), v. חַד, √ אחד.

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שֵׁגָל (Aramaic)

n.f. (royal) consort (cf. BH id.; √ unknown Hpt^{Gu Ezr-Ne, p. 66} conj. Assyrian šigrêti, harem-women);—pl. sf. שֵֽׁגְלָתָךְ Daniel 5:23, שֵֽׁגְלָתֵהּ v Daniel 5:2, Daniel 5:3.

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שַׁדְרַךְ (Aramaic)

n.pr.m. (cf. BH id.);—Daniel 2:49; Daniel 3:12 + 11 times Daniel 3:3.

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שֵׁת (Aramaic)

n.m. six;—abs. שִׁ֑ת after n.f. Daniel 3:1; שְׁנָת־שֵׁת Ezra 6:15 year six = sixth year.

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שִׁתִּין (Aramaic)

n. indecl. sixty;—אַמִּין שׁ׳ Ezra 6:3^(×2); Daniel 3:1; שְׁנִין שׁ׳ וְתַרְתֵּין Daniel 6:1.

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שׁוּר (Aramaic)

n.m. wall (cf. BH ii. שׁוּר id.; Egyptian Aramaic שור RÉS^{361 A 5, B 1});—pl. emph. שׁוּרַיָּה Ezra 4:16, א—ָ v Ezra 4:13; v Ezra 4:12 read שׁוּרַיָּא שׁ׳ Qr, for שׁורי אשׁ׳ Kt.

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שְׁלֵה (Aramaic)

adj. at ease (Egyptian Aramaic Cooke ²¹⁰);—שׁ׳ הֲוֵית בְּ Daniel 4:1 I was at ease in my house.—Daniel 3:29 v. following.

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שָׁלוּ (Aramaic)

n.f. neglect, remissness (𝔗 id.);—abs. שׁ׳ Ezra 4:22; Ezra 6:9 Daniel 6:5 + Daniel 3:29 Qr; Kt שׁלה usually thought an error for שׁלו; Hi Bev M (perhaps) expl. as שֵׁלָה = שְׁאֵלָה = thing, affair (Daniel 4:14).

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שְׁלַח (Aramaic)

vb. send (BH I. שָׁלַח);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Ezra 4:17 +; 3 mpl. שְׁלַ֫חוּ Ezra 4:11 +; 2 mpl. שְׁלַחְתּוּן Ezra 4:18; 1 pl. שְׁלַחְנָא Ezra 4:14; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁלַח Ezra 5:17; Ezra 6:12; Pt. pass. שְׁלִיחַ Ezra 7:14 Daniel 5:24;—send, acc. of letter, etc., c. עַל pers. Ezra 4:11, Ezra 4:17, Ezra 4:18; Ezra 5:6, Ezra 5:7, Ezra 5:17; abs. Ezra 6:13, sq. vb. fin. Ezra 4:14, + acc. pers. Daniel 3:28; Daniel 6:23; sq. Inf. Daniel 3:2; put out hand (acc.) to harm (Inf.) Ezra 6:12; pass., be sent, c. מִן־קֳדָם pers.: subj. pers. Ezra 7:14; subj. כַּפָּא Daniel 5:24.

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שְׁלֵט (Aramaic)

vb. have power, rule (𝔗 Syriac; BH (q.v.) late);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Daniel 3:27, 3 mpl. שְׁלִ֫טוּ Daniel 6:25; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁלַ֑ט Daniel 5:7, 3 fs. תִּשְׁלַט Daniel 2:39, 2 ms. תִּשְׁלַ֑ט Daniel 5:16;—have power upon, ב rei, Daniel 3:27 (of fire); fall upon, assault (𝔗 = פָּגע בְּ), ב pers. Daniel 6:25 (of lions); subj. pers. rule; be ruler, abs., Daniel 5:7, Daniel 3:16, subj. kingdom, ב of earth, Daniel 2:39.

make ruler: Pf. 3 ms. sf. הַשְׁלְטָךְ Daniel 2:38 (ב pers., etc.); הַשְׁלְטֵהּ v Daniel 2:48 (עַל of province).

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שָׁלְטָן (Aramaic)

(K^{§ 61, 3, Beisp. α)}) n.m. Daniel 7:6 dominion;—שׁ׳ abs. Daniel 7:6, Daniel 7:14, cstr. Daniel 6:27 +; emph. שָׁלְטָנָא Daniel 7:27; sf. שָׁלְטָנָךְ Daniel 4:19, -נֵהּ Daniel 3:33 +, -נְהוֹן Daniel 7:12; pl. emph. שָׁלְטָנַיָּא Daniel 7:27;—

dominion, sovereignty (usually of God): Daniel 3:33; Daniel 4:19, Daniel 4:31^(×2) Daniel 6:27 Daniel 7:6, Daniel 7:12, Daniel 7:14^(×3), Daniel 7:26, Daniel 7:27^(×2).

realm Daniel 6:27. שִׁלְטוֹן v. p. 1127.

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שַׁלִּיט (Aramaic)

adj. having mastery, ruling;—abs. שׁ׳ Ezra 7:24 +, emph. א—ָ Daniel 2:15; mpl. שְׁלִיטִין Ezra 4:20, -טִן Daniel 4:23;—

having, exercising, mastery:

of God, sq. ב, Daniel 4:14, Daniel 4:22, Daniel 4:29; Daniel 5:21; abs., of heavens Daniel 4:23.

of kings Ezra 4:20 (ב).

as n. = ruler Daniel 2:10; Daniel 5:29, captain Daniel 2:15.

having authority to do a thing (Inf.), hence impers. = it is authorized, Ezra 7:24 (so often in Syriac; cf. S-C^{A 11 +} אנת שליט למבנה).

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שְׁלָם (Aramaic)

n.m.Daniel 3:31 welfare, prosperity;—in greetings: abs. Ezra 4:17 prosperity! emph. שְׁלָמָא Ezra 5:7; sf. שְׁלָֽמְכוֹן יַשְׂגִּיא Daniel 3:31; Daniel 6:26.

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שֻׁם (Aramaic)

n.m. name (v. BH שֵׁם);—cstr. שׁ׳ Ezra 5:1 +; sf. שְׁמֵהּ Daniel 2:20 +; pl. cstr. שְׁמָהָת Ezra 5:4, sf. -תְהֹם v Ezra 5:10;—name, dei: Daniel 2:20; Daniel 4:5 Ezra 5:1; Ezra 6:12; vir.: Daniel 2:26; Daniel 4:5, Daniel 4:16; Daniel 5:12 (all Dan.), Ezra 5:4, Ezra 5:10^(×2) also v Ezra 5:14, with which cf. S-C^{K 4, 5, 8 f., 12 f.}

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שְׁמַע (Aramaic)

vb. hear (v. BH);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Daniel 6:15; 1 s. שִׁמְעֵת Daniel 5:14, Daniel 5:16; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁמַע Daniel 3:10, 2 mpl. תִּשְׁמְעוּן Daniel 3:5, Daniel 3:15; Pt. act. שָֽׁמְעִין Daniel 3:7; Daniel 5:23;—hear: = have sense of hearing Daniel 5:23; c. acc. of sound Daniel 3:5, Daniel 3:7, Daniel 3:10, Daniel 3:15, word Daniel 6:15; c. cl. דִּי + עַל pers. concerning, Daniel 5:14, Daniel 5:16.

shew oneself obedient: Impf. 3 mpl. יִשְׁתַּמְעוּן Daniel 7:27, c. ל pers. (prob.).

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שְׁמַשׁ (Aramaic)

n.[m. so D^WB] sun;—emph. שִׁמְשָׁא Daniel 6:15.

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שְׁמַשׁ² (Aramaic)

vb.

minister (𝔗 Pa. id., תַּשְׁמִישׁ use; Palm. שמש, תשמיש, SAC ^{114, cf. 122} Lzb ³⁷⁹; Syriac ܫܰܡܶܫ, ܬܶܫܡܶܫܬܳܐ; Chr-Pal. ܫܡܫ Pa, ܬܫܡܫ; NH שִׁמֵּשׁ, תַּשְׁמִישׁ; Egyptian šms, servant, Kopt. šemše, cf. WMM in Buhl ¹⁴);—Impf. 3 mpl. sf. יְשַׁמְּשׁוּנֵּהּ Daniel 7:10 were ministering to him.

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שֵׁן (Aramaic)

v. שׁנן.

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שְׁנָה² (Aramaic)

n.f. year (v. BH שָׁנָה, √ I. [שָׁנָה]);—cstr. שְׁנַת: שׁ׳ חֲדָה = first year Ezra 5:13; Ezra 6:3 Daniel 7:1; שׁ׳ תַּרְתֵּין Ezra 4:24 second year; שׁ׳ שֵׁת Daniel 6:15; pl. שְׁנִין שִׁתִּין וְת׳ Daniel 6:1 62 years; שׁ׳ שַׂגִּיאָן Ezra 5:11.—ii. [שְׁנָה] v. ישׁן.

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שֵׁן² (Aramaic)

n.[f.] tooth;—du. (of rows of teeth) abs. שִׁנַּ֫יִן Daniel 7:7;—sf. שניה Kt (K^{§ 53, 2. b)}), שִׁנַּהּ Qr, v Daniel 7:5, Daniel 7:19 (all of beasts in vision). שִׁנְּתֵהּ Daniel 6:19 v. √ ישן

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שָׁעָה (Aramaic)

n.f. brief time, moment (𝔗 id., שָֽׁעֲתָא, NH שָׁעָה time, hour; Syriac ܫܳܥܬܳܐ moment, then hour Brock ³⁶⁹, but Chr-Pal. ܫܥܳܐ moment, hour Schwally^{Idiot. 97} Schulth^{Lex. 211}; perhaps = Assyrian šattu, duration; TelAm.^{91, 77} še-ti, time, hour (as Canaanism) Wkl^{KAT3. 335}; Arabic سِعْوٌ, سَاعَةٌ portion of time, Ethiopic ሳዕ time, ሰዓት hour, time (Buhl calls Arabic Ethiopic loan-words, but v. Wkl^l.c.); √ unknown: poss. Assyrian loan-word (v. Wkl^l.c.); Dl^{Pr 39 f.} conj. שׁיע = שָׁעָה look, hence moment = ‘Augenblick,’ but vb. שׁ׳ rather of steady gaze);—moment: usually emph. בַּהּ־שַׁעֲתָא (read poss. שָֽׁ׳ as 𝔗 Syriac, M^{86* f.} Buhl¹⁴ cf. var. in Str) in the same moment, forthwith Daniel 3:6, Daniel 3:15; Daniel 4:30; Daniel 5:5; abs. שָׁעָה חֲדָה Daniel 4:16 for a moment.

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שַׁפִּיר (Aramaic)

v. שׁפר.

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שְׁפַר (Aramaic)

vb. be fair, seemly (𝔗 Syriac; cf. BH (rare and mostly late); Palm. שפר ל merit well of, SAC¹¹⁷; Cappad. Aramaic שפירא Lzb^{Eph 160});—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳, c. קֳדָם pers. it seemed good to Daniel 3:32; Daniel 6:2; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁפַּר עַל Daniel 4:24 let my counsel be acceptable to thee.

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שַׁפִּיר² (Aramaic)

adj. fair, beautiful;—of foliage Daniel 4:9, Daniel 4:18.

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שֹׁ֫רֶשׁ (Aramaic)

n.m. ^{Daniel 4:12} root (v. BH);—pl. sf. שָׁרְשׁוֹ֫הִי of tree Daniel 4:12, Daniel 4:20, Daniel 4:23.

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שֵׁשְׁבַּצַּר (Aramaic)

n.pr.m. Ezra 5:14, Ezra 5:16.

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שֵׁת² (Aramaic)

v. שׁדת.

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שְׁתָה (Aramaic)

vb. drink (𝔗 שְׁתָא, אִשְׁתִּי, Syriac ܐܶܫܬܻܝ; v. BH ׃שָׁתָה);—

Pf. 3 mpl. אִשְׁתִּיו (K^{§ 11, 4, α)}) Daniel 5:3, Daniel 5:4; Impf. 3 mpl. יִשְׁתּוֹן v Daniel 5:2; Pt. act. שָׁתֵה v Daniel 5:1, pl. שָׁתַ֫יִן v Daniel 5:23;—drink, acc. wine Daniel 5:1, Daniel 5:4, + ב of vessel v Daniel 5:23 and (acc. om.) v Daniel 5:2, Daniel 5:3.

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שִׁתִּין² (Aramaic)

sixty, v. שׁדת.

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שְׁתַר בּוֹזְנַי (Aramaic)

n.pr.m. Pers. official Ezra 5:3, Ezra 5:6; Ezra 6:6, Ezra 6:13; Σαθαρβουζανα (αι, ε, ης); 𝔊L Σαθραβωζανης (Andr^{M 87*} proposes מתרב׳, Gk. Μιθροβουζάνης, = OIran. *Mithrabaužana, Mithra is deliverer (or the like), so Mey^{Entst. J. 32}; Scheft ^{92 f.} OIran. Šêthrabûzana, empire-delivering; Wkl^{MVAG 1887, 281 f.} conj. a title).

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שַׁבְּלוּל

n.m. snail (Shaph. form, causing moisture, from notion of moisture or fluid in בלל);—name due to slimy trail Tehillim 58:9, שַׁבְּלוּל תֶּמֶס יַהֲלֹךְ.

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שֶׁ֫בֶת

n.f. seat, dwelling, place (properly Inf. Qal from ישׁב)—מְקוֹם הַשָּׁ֑בֶת Melachim Alef 10:19 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:18 the place of the seat; שֶׁבֶת חָמָס Amos 6:3 a seat (throne, or enthronement) of violence; לְשֶׁבֶת עָ֑ר Bamidbar 21:15 toward the dwelling (i.e. place, location) of ʿÂr; יִשָּֽׂרְפוּ בַשָּׁ֑בֶת Shmuel Beis 23:7 they are burned in the (same) place, i.e. on the spot, but del. שׁ׳ We Dr Bu; שִׁבְתּוֹ Ovadia 1:3 his (thy) dwelling-place.—ii. שֶׁבֶת v. sub שׁבת.

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שֵׁנָה

n.f. sleep;—שֵׁנָה Tehillim 90:5 + 3 times; שֵׁנָא Tehillim 127:2, שְׁנָת Tehillim 132:4 (Ges^{§ 80 g.h.}); cstr. שְׁנַת Yirmiya 51:39 + 3 times; שְׁנָתִי Breishis 31:40; Yirmiya 31:26, etc.; pl. abs. שֵׁנוֹת Mishlei 6:10; Mishlei 24:33;—sleep Breishis 28:16 (J), Shoftim 16:14, Shoftim 16:20; Mishlei 3:24; Mishlei 6:9; Mishlei 20:13; Koheles 5:11 Yirmiya 31:26; Zecharia 4:1; Mishlei 6:4 (‖ תְּנוּמָה); מְעַט שֵׁנוֹת מְעַט תְּנוּמוֹת Mishlei 6:10 = Mishlei 24:33 (these two of sluggard אִישׁ עָצֵל; v. also Mishlei 6:9; Mishlei 20:13); note also וַתִּדַּד שְׁנָתִי מֵעֵינָ֑י Breishis 31:40 (E) and my sleep fled from mine eyes; נָֽדֲדָה שְׁנַת הַמֶּלֶךְ Esther 6:1; וְנִגְזְלָה שְׁנָתָם Mishlei 4:16; וּשְׁנָתוֹ נִהְיְתָה עָלָיו Daniel 2:1; שֵׁנָה בְּעֵינָיו אֵינֶנּוּ רֹאֶה Koheles 8:16; אִם אֶתֵּן שְׁנָת לְעֵינָ֑י Tehillim 132:4 (all of lack of sleep); יִתֵּן לִידִידוֹ שֵׁנָ֑א Tehillim 127:2 = he giveth to his beloved in sleep, cf. Ges^{§ 118, 3}; of sleep of death (so Arabic وَسَنٌ Dozy ^{ii. 806}) Iyov 14:12 Tehillim 90:5 (cf. De Che); so, as acc. cogn., Tehillim 76:6 Yirmiya 51:39, Yirmiya 51:57 (in these two שְׁנַת־עוֹלָם). יֶשְׁנוֹ v. יֵשׁ.

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שׁוֹעַ

adj. (free), independent, noble (in station) (according to most from second √ שׁוע = ישׁע, in sense of Arabic وَسِع (cf. תְּשׁוּעָה infr.); but actual existence of such a √ not proven; Thes allows שׁוֹעַ = יְשׁוֹעַ)—noble, of rank (and, by implic., of character) Yeshaya 32:5 (‖ נָדִיב, opp. כִּילַי), Iyov 34:19 (Di al. rich, but ‖ שָׂרִים, opp. דַּל).—ii. שׁוֹעַ Yeshaya 22:5, v. sub [שָׁוַע]. iii. שׁוֹעַ n.pr.gent. Yechezkel 23:23, v. שׁ׳.

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שׁוּעַ

n.pr.m. father of Judah’s wife, 𝔊 Σαυα, Breishis 38:2 and (after cstr. בַּת) v Breishis 38:12 Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:3; v. בַּת־שׁוּע p. 124 supr., and cf. on meaning (אֲבִי)שׁוּעַ p. 4, (אֱלִי)שׁוּעַ p. 46.

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שׁוּעַ²

n.[m.] opulence? (cf. Arabic سَعَةٌ )—so AE al. Iyov 30:24(?) Iyov 36:19; but < v. sub [שָׁוַע].

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שׁוּעָא

n.pr.f. a woman of Asher Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:32; 𝔊 Σωλα, 𝔊L Σουα.

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שָׁרוֹן

n.pr.loc. Sharon (plausibly connected with √ ישׁר by Thes Ges ¹² al., cf. GASm^{Geogr. 52}; = יְשָׁרוֹן*; Ph. שרן)—strictly n.m. ^{Yeshaya 65:10} plain, level;—

הַשּׁ׳ (with art.), name of maritime plain on Mediterr., from Joppa northward, noted for fertility, Yeshaya 33:9 (‖ בָּשָׁן, כַּרְמֶל; 𝔊 ὁ Σαρων), cf. הֲדַר כַּרְמֶל וְהַשָּׁרוֹן Yeshaya 35:2; Yeshaya 65:10 (‖ עֵמֶק עָכוֹר; 𝔊 τῷ δρυμῷ); חֲבַצֶּלֶת הַשּׁ׳ Shir HaShirim 2:1 (𝔊 ἄνθος τοῦ πεδίου); הַבָּקָר הָרֹעִים בַּשּׁ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:29; so also Yehoshua 12:18, where read מֶלֶךְ אֲפֵק לַשּׁ׳ so Di We^{Sam. 55} Ges ¹² after 𝔊, cf. RS^{OTJC 2, 273, 435}.—On this plain v. GASm^{Geogr. 147 ff.} Buhl^{Geogr. § 65}.

מִגְרְשֵׁי שָׁרוֹן region E. of Jordan Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:16 (‖ גִּלְעָד, בָּשָׁן; 𝔊 τὰ περίχωρα Τεριαμ, 𝔊 A Σαρων); identified by many with הַמִּישׁוֹר (Devarim 3:10).

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שַׁלְהֶ֫בֶת

n.f. flame (Aramaic שַׁלְהוֹבִיתָא, ܫܰܠܗܶܒܺܝܬܳܐ )—in לַהֶבֶת שׁ׳ Yechezkel 21:3, of judgment; so שַׁלְהָ֑בֶת Iyov 15:30; רִשְׁפֵּי אֵשׁ שַׁלְהֶבֶתְיָה Shir HaShirim 8:6 i.e. Yahweh-flame = powerful flame (> Jäger^{BAS i.471} Jastrow^{JBL xiii (1894), 111} expl. ־יָה here as encl. part.)

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שִׂיאֹן

n.pr.mont., i.e. Hermon, הַר שׂ׳ הוּא חֶרְמוֹן Devarim 4:48 (cf. Di Dr).

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שְׂאֵת

n.f. 1. exaltation, dignity. 2. swelling. 3. uprising;—שׂ׳ abs. Breishis 4:7 +, cstr. Vayikra 13:28 +; sf. שְׂאֵתוֹ Iyov 13:11 +; (מִ)שֵּׂתוֹ Iyov 41:17;—

dignity Breishis 49:3 (dignity of first-born), Tehillim 62:5, of Chaldeans Chavakuk 1:7; of God, his exaltation, loftiness Iyov 13:11; Iyov 31:23.

swelling, eruption, בְּעוֹר בָּשָׂר Vayikra 13:2 (+ סַפַּחַת, בַּהֶרֶת), cf. Vayikra 14:56 (+ id.); also Vayikra 13:10^(×2), Vayikra 13:19, Vayikra 13:28, שׂ׳ הַנֶּגַע v Vayikra 13:43 (all P).

uprising, Iyov 41:17 at his uprising the mighty are in dread.

Breishis 4:7 is dub.;—is there not acceptance? 𝔖 𝔙 al.; forgiveness 𝔗 Holz al.; uplifting of countenance, cheerfulness, Ew De Ke Di Kau.

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שֶׂ֫פֶק

n.[m.] doubtful word; hand-clapping, i.e. mockery (?) (cf. vb. Iyov 27:23);—שָׂ֑פֶק Iyov 36:18 in difficult cl. כִּי־חֵמָה פֶּן־יְסִיתְךָ בְשׂ׳ because there is passion, (beware) lest it incite thee to mockery, Bae^Kau Da (but הסית בְּ = incite against, hence Bu reads לִשְׂפֹּק); De is not clear; others (as Di): lest it (passion) excite thee at the chastisement (v. √ 2; cf. Thes); Du reads מִשְׂפָּק לְחֵמָה lest chastisement incite thee to wrath.—On Iyov 20:22 (edd.) v. שֵׂפֶק.

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שְׂאֹר

n.m. ^{Shemos 12:19} leaven;—abs. שׂ׳ Shemos 13:7 (J), Devarim 16:4 (D), Shemos 12:15, Shemos 12:19; Vayikra 2:11 (all P).

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שְׂאֵת²

v. נשׂא.

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שׂוֹבֶךְ

n.[m.] network of boughs;—cstr. שׂ׳ הָאֵלָה Shmuel Beis 18:9.

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שְׂבָכָה

n.f. lattice-work, network;—abs. ר׳ Melachim Alef 7:18 +, pl. שְׂבָכוֹת v Melachim Alef 7:41 +, שְׂבָכִים v Melachim Alef 7:17;—

prob. window-lattice Melachim Beis 1:2.

net-ornament on pillars, Melachim Alef 7:17^(×2) (om. 𝔊 Kit Benz), v Melachim Alef 7:18, Melachim Alef 7:20 (crpt., (cf. Kit Benz), v Melachim Alef 7:41, Melachim Alef 7:42^(×2) Divrei HaYamim Beis 4:12, Divrei HaYamim Beis 4:13^(×2) Melachim Beis 25:17^(×2) ‖ Yirmiya 52:22, Yirmiya 52:23.

network, toils, for catching animals (fig.) Iyov 18:8 (+ רֶשֶׁת, פַּח, צַמִּים).

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שָׂבֵעַ

vb. be sated, satisfied, surfeited (NH (der. spec.) = BH; so Assyrian šebû, Arabic شَبِعَ, Aramaic סְבַע, ܣܒܰܥ, Palm. שבע; the Ethiopic vb. of same meaning is ጸግበ: );—

Pf. 3 ms. שָׂבַע Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:1, וְשׂ׳ consec. Devarim 31:20; 3 pl. שָׂבֵ֑עוּ Yeshaya 9:19, ושׂ׳ consec. Devarim 14:29; Devarim 26:12, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׂבַּע Mishlei 12:11 +, 3 mpl. יִשְׂבְּעוּן Tehillim 104:28, etc.; Imv. שְׂבַע־ Mishlei 20:13; Inf. abs. שָׂבוֹעַ Yoel 2:26 Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:10; cstr. לִשְׂבֹּעַ Shemos 16:8 Eicha 5:6, לְשָׂבְעָה Chaggai 1:6;—

be sated (with food), especially human subj.:

abs., after אָכַל, Hoshea 4:10; Yeshaya 9:19; Devarim 8:10; Shemos 16:8 (P), + 11 times, cf. Yeshaya 44:16 (‖ אָכַל); exposing men to arrogance Devarim 6:11; Devarim 8:12; Devarim 31:20, cf. Hoshea 13:6^(×2) (Isr. under fig. of cattle), Yirmiya 50:19 (id.; c. ב loc.; ‖ רָעָה graze); = have (or get) enough to eat Tehillim 37:19; Tehillim 59:16, enough to drink Amos 4:8, fig. of sword Yirmiya 46:10, of wine Chavakuk 2:5.

c. acc. of food Yirmiya 44:17; Eicha 5:6; Shemos 16:12 (P), + 6 times, cf. Yechezkel 39:20 (of beasts, in fig.), of earth, sated with water (rain) Mishlei 30:16, so of trees (acc. om.) Tehillim 104:16, fig. of requital Mishlei 18:20.

c. מִן of food Iyov 19:22 (fig.); fig. of earth having its fill (of rain) Tehillim 104:13, and (fig. of requital) Mishlei 18:20; good sense Mishlei 12:14 (del. טוֹב, so Toy), bad sense Mishlei 1:31; Mishlei 14:14; c. מִן of source Yeshaya 66:11 (fig.).

more gen., be sated, have desire satisfied:

abs. Yechezkel 16:28, Yechezkel 16:29 (i.e. with harlotry), Yirmiya 50:10 (with plunder), Yeshaya 53:11 (with a given result); of eyes Mishlei 27:20, of Sh^eʾôl and Abaddōn v Mishlei 27:20, cf. Mishlei 30:15; = have abundance Mishlei 30:9 (exposure to arrogance).

c. acc., be satisfied with, have one’s fill of: Yirmiya 31:14, cf. Tehillim 17:15; Tehillim 63:6;Mishlei 5:10; Koheles 5:9, cf. (eye subj.) Koheles 4:8, acc. of sons Tehillim 17:14 (si vera l., but text dub., v. Ol Du, cf. Bae We), days of life, i.e. reach the full limit (+ זָקֵן) Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:1; Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:15.

c. ב of goodness Tehillim 65:5, c. מִן id. Koheles 6:3.

c. ל inf., לֹא־תִשְׂבַּע עַיִן לִרְאוֹת Koheles 1:8 (‖ מָלֵא).

have in excess, be surfeited with:

lit., with honey (acc.) Mishlei 25:16.

fig. = be weary of, c. acc. of offerings Yeshaya 1:11 (subj. י׳), tossings Iyov 7:4, poverty Mishlei 28:19, shame Chavakuk 2:16, contempt Tehillim 123:3, Tehillim 123:4, c. acc. pers. Mishlei 25:17.

id., c. ב of troubles Tehillim 88:4, of reproach Eicha 3:30.

Pt. נִשְׂבָּע sated Iyov 31:31.

satisfy, Impf. 3 mpl. יְשַׂבֵּ֑עוּ Yechezkel 7:19 they shall not satisfy their appetite (נֶפֶשׁ; ‖ מִלֵּא); Imv. ms. sf., subj. י׳, שַׂבְּעֵנוּ חַסְדֶּ֑ךָ Tehillim 90:14 (2 acc.).

Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׂבִּיעַ Tehillim 107:9, וְה׳ consec. Yeshaya 58:11; 2 fs. הִשְׂבַּ֫עַתְּ Yechezkel 27:33, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יַשְׂבִּעַנִי Iyov 9:18, 2 ms. תַּשְׂבִּיעַ Yeshaya 58:10, 1 s. וָאַשְׂבִּעַ Yirmiya 5:7, sf. אַשְׂבִּיעֶ֑ךָּ Tehillim 81:17 van d. H., אַשְׂבִּיעֶ֑ךָֿ Baer Gi, etc.; Inf. cstr. לְהַשְׂבִּיעַ Iyov 38:27; Pt. מַשְׂבִּיעַ Tehillim 103:5; Tehillim 145:16;—

satisfy (especially with material blessings), subj. י׳, c. acc. pers. Yirmiya 5:7 (exposing men to arrogance), Yeshaya 58:11 (acc. נֶפֶשׁ; of refreshment in drought, ב loc., fig. of help and blessing), Tehillim 107:9 (acc. נֶפֶשׁ; ‖ מִלֵּא), cf. Tehillim 103:5 (ב instr., on acc. v. עֲדִי); c. acc. of ground Iyov 38:27 (i.e. with rain); human subj., c. acc. נֶפֶשׁ Yeshaya 58:10.

c. acc. of food + pers., י׳ subj., Tehillim 81:17 (‖ הֶאֱכִיל), Tehillim 105:40; Tehillim 132:15; Tehillim 147:14; c. acc. pers. + אֹרֶךְ יָמִים Tehillim 91:16.

י׳ subj., acc. rei + ל pers., מַשׂ׳ לְכָל־חַי רָצוֹן Tehillim 145:16.

י׳ subj., c. acc. of beasts + מִמְּךָ (of Pharaoh, in prophetic fig.) Yechezkel 32:4.

enrich, subj. Tyre, c. acc. gent. Yechezkel 27:33 (‖ הֶעֱשִׁיר).

sate, glut (with the undesired), subj. י׳, c. acc. pers. + ב rei Eicha 3:15, acc. pers. + rei Iyov 9:18.

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שֹׂ֫בַע

n.[m.] satiety, abundance;—abs. לָשׂ׳ Shemos 16:3 +, cstr. שׂבַע Tehillim 16:11, לְשׂ׳ Mishlei 13:25; sf. שָׂבְעֶ֑ךָ Devarim 23:25, שָׂבְעָהּ Rus 2:18;—

satiety, as to food Rus 2:18; לָשׂ׳ (לֶחֶם) אָכַל Shemos 16:3 (P), Vayikra 25:19; Vayikra 26:5 (both H), cf. לָשׂ׳ Tehillim 78:25; אָכַל … כְּנַפְשְׁךָ שׂ׳ Devarim 23:25 eat grapes according to thine appetite, (namely) thy fill, cf. אָכַל לְשׂ׳ נַפְשׁוֹ Mishlei 13:25.

satisfying abundance, שׂ׳ שְׂמָחוֹת Tehillim 16:11.

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שָׂבְעָה

[שִׂבְעָה] n.f. satiety;—abs. שׂ׳ Yeshaya 56:11 +, cstr. שִׂבְעַת־ Yechezkel 16:49, sf. שָׂבְעָתֵךְ v Yechezkel 16:28;—

as to food, especially אָכַל לְשׂ׳ eat to satiety, one’s fill, Yeshaya 23:18; Yechezkel 39:19; לְשׂ׳ also Yeshaya 55:2 (fig.); שׂ׳ of dogs Yeshaya 56:11 (fig.); שׂ׳־לֶחֶם leading to arrogance, as sin of Sodom Yechezkel 16:49 (+ גָּאוֹן, etc.).

as to carnal desire Yechezkel 16:28 (fig.).

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שָׂבָע

n.m. ^{Breishis 41:29} plenty, satiety;—only abs. שׂ׳;—

plenty, of bread-stuffs Breishis 41:29, Breishis 41:30, Breishis 41:31, Breishis 41:34, Breishis 41:47, Breishis 41:53 (E), Mishlei 3:10.

satiety, Koheles 5:11.

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שָׂבֵעַ²

adj. sated, satisfied, surfeited;—abs. שׂ׳ Breishis 25:8; Mishlei 19:23; cstr. שְׂבַע Devarim 33:23 +; fs. שְׂבֵעָה Mishlei 27:7; mpl. שְׂבֵעִים Shmuel Alef 2:5;—

sated with food, c. בַּלֶּחֶם Shmuel Alef 2:5; נֶפֶשׁ שְׂבֵעָה Mishlei 27:7 (opp. נ׳ רְעֵבָה); abounding in י׳’s favour (שְׂבַע רָצוֹן) Devarim 33:23 (‖ מָלֵא); abs. satisfied Mishlei 19:23.

in phr. שְׂבַע יָמִים satisfied with days, in a good old age, Breishis 35:29 (P), Iyov 42:17 (both + זָקֵן), Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:28 (+ בְּשֵׂיבָה טוֹבָה), also abs. שָׂבֵ֑עַ Breishis 25:8 (P; + id. + זָקֵן).

bad sense, surfeited with trouble, etc.: שְׂבַע רֹגֶז Iyov 14:1, שׂ׳ קָלוֹן Iyov 10:15.

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שָׂבַר

vb. inspect, examine (van d. H. שֹׁבֵר [so 𝔊 συντρίβων], but Mas. שׂ׳ v. Norzi; hence connex. with Arabic سَبَرَ probe a wound, try, examine, improb., and this (according to Frä²⁶¹) denom. from Aramaic loan-word; improb. also is connex. with Aramaic סְבַר think (cf. foll.), Kau^{Aram. im AT, 85});—

Pt. שֹׂבֵר, c. ב obj., Nechemia 2:13, Nechemia 2:15 I examined into the wall, inspected it closely.

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שָׂבַר²

vb.

wait, hope (Aramaism; cf. Aramaic סְבַר think, Pa. hope; ܣܒܰܪ believe, hope, Pa. think, Aph. hope);—Pf. 1 s. שִׂבַּרְתִּי Tehillim 119:166, 3 pl. שִׂבְּרוּ Esther 9:1; Impf. 3 mpl. יְשַׂבְּרוּ Yeshaya 38:18, יְשַׂבֵּ֑רוּ Tehillim 145:15, יְשַׂבֵּר֑וּן Tehillim 104:27; Tehillim 104:2 fpl. תְּשַׂבֵּרְנָה Rus 1:13;—

wait + לָהֵן therefor Rus 1:13.

hope for, ל rei Tehillim 119:166, אֶל rei Yeshaya 38:18, אֶל pers. Tehillim 104:27; Tehillim 145:15; ל inf. Esther 9:1 hope to rule.

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שַׂגִּיא

adj. great;—of God, abs. אֵל שַׂגִּיא Iyov 36:26; cstr. שַׂגִּיא־כֹחַ Iyov 37:23.

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שְׂגוּב

n.pr.m. (exalted);—

son of rebuilder of Jericho (Hiel) Melachim Alef 16:34 Qr (Kt שׂגיב; Ζεγουβ; 𝔊L om. v.).

of Judah Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:21, Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:22 (Σερουχ, 𝔊L Σεγουβ).

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שָׂדַי

n.m. ^{Tehillim 96:12} field, land (rare orig. form of שָׂדֶה (q.v. infr.), only poet.);—abs. שׂ׳ Yirmiya 4:17, שָׂדָ֑י Hoshea 10:4 +;—

cultivated field Hoshea 12:12, also Hoshea 10:4 (si vera l., but v. Now), yielding food Devarim 32:13 Eicha 4:9; שֹׁמְרֵי שׂ׳ Yirmiya 4:17 keepers, watchmen, of a field.

home of wild beasts: בְּהֵמוֹת שׂ׳ Tehillim 8:8 Yoel 2:22, חַיְתוֹ שׂ׳ Yeshaya 56:9 Tehillim 104:11, זִיז שׂ׳ Tehillim 50:11; Tehillim 80:14.

plain, opp. mt., Yirmiya 18:14 (but dub., Co Du שִׂרְיֹן).

land, opp. sea, Tehillim 96:12 (cf. שָׂדֶה 3; ‖ תֵּבֵל Tehillim 98:7).

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שָׂדֶה

n.m. Vayikra 27:24 id. (ordinary contr. form Ges^{§ 84 a f});—abs. שׂ׳ Breishis 2:5^(×2) +; cstr. שְׂדֵה Breishis 14:7 +; sf. שָׂדִי Yirmiya 32:7, Yirmiya 32:8, שָֽׂדְךָ Devarim 11:15 +, שָׂדֶ֑ךָ Devarim 24:19 Vayikra 25:3, etc.; pl. שָׂדוֹת Shmuel Alef 22:7 +, cstr. שְׂדוֹת Nechemia 12:29; also שְׂדֵי Shmuel Beis 1:21; Yeshaya 32:12; Rus 1:1 + 8 times (some might be sg. = שְׂדֵה cf. Ba^{ZMG xiii (1888), 351} SS Buhl; note, e.g. שְׂדֵי Rus 1:6, = שְׂדֵה v b; Rus 4:3; but v. Kö^{ii. 1, 77}); sf. שְׂדֹתֶיהָ Nechemia 11:30, etc.; also שָׂדֶיךָ Melachim Alef 2:26, שָׂדֵינוּ Micha 2:4;—

open field, country:

pasture-land Breishis 29:2; Breishis 30:16; Shemos 9:3 (all J), Devarim 11:15; Shmuel Alef 11:5 + 10 times J, JE.

unfrequented Breishis 24:63, Breishis 24:65, exposed to violence Breishis 4:8 (J), Shmuel Beis 14:6; Devarim 21:1; Devarim 22:25, Devarim 22:27, to wild beasts Shemos 22:30 (E), Yechezkel 33:27.

specif. home of beasts: Shmuel Beis 17:8; Yirmiya 14:5; especially phr. חַיַּת הַשּׂ׳ Breishis 2:19, Breishis 2:20; Breishis 3:1, Breishis 3:14 (all J) of beasts in gen., and, of wild beasts, Shemos 23:11, Shemos 23:29 (E), Hoshea 2:14, Hoshea 2:20; Hoshea 4:3; Hoshea 13:8; Devarim 7:22; Vayikra 26:22 (H), Iyov 5:23 (‖ חַיַּת הָאָרֶץ), + 16 times; בֶּהֱמַת הַשּׂ׳ Shmuel Alef 17:44 cf. Yoel 1:20; אַיְלוֹת הַשּׂ׳ Shir HaShirim 2:7; Shir HaShirim 3:5, cf. הַצְּבָיִם אֲשֶׁר בַּשּׂ׳ Shmuel Beis 2:18; hunting-ground Breishis 25:29; Breishis 27:3, Breishis 27:5 (all JE), cf. אִישׁ שׂ׳ Breishis 25:27 (JE; ‖ אִישׁ יֹדֵעַ צַיִד).

yielding plants and trees: Breishis 25:27 (JE), Breishis 30:14 (J), Shemos 10:5 (JE), Melachim Beis 4:39; Yechezkel 21:2; Yechezkel 39:10; especially phr. עֵשֶׂב הַשּׂ׳ Breishis 2:5; Breishis 3:18 (both J), + 6 times + ע׳ בַּשּׂ׳ Zecharia 10:1; שִׂיחַ הַשּׂ׳ Breishis 2:5, גֶּפֶן שׂ׳ Melachim Beis 4:39, פַּקֻּעֹת שׂ׳ v Melachim Beis 4:39, צִיץ הַשּׂ׳ Yeshaya 40:15 Tehillim 103:15, צֶמַח הַשּׂ׳ Yechezkel 16:7; עֵץ חַשּׂ׳ (4 times עֲצֵי) Shemos 9:25 (JE), Devarim 20:19; Vayikra 26:4 (H) Yeshaya 55:12 + 8 times; Shmuel Beis 1:21 v. תְּרוּמָה, √ רום.

stony, אַבְנֵי הַשּׂ׳ Iyov 5:23.

open country, outside of walled city Shoftim 9:32, Shoftim 9:42, Shoftim 9:43, Shoftim 9:44; Shoftim 19:16; Shmuel Alef 19:3; Shmuel Alef 20:5, Shmuel Alef 20:11^(×2), Shmuel Alef 20:24, Shmuel Alef 20:35; Melachim Beis 7:12 Micha 4:10; as battle-ground Yehoshua 8:24 (J), Shmuel Beis 10:8 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:9; Shmuel Beis 11:23; Shmuel Beis 18:6, outside of military camp Shmuel Alef 4:2; Shmuel Alef 14:15; opp. city (in formula) Melachim Alef 14:11; Melachim Alef 16:4; Melachim Alef 21:24; Yirmiya 14:18; Yechezkel 7:15; שְׂדֵה אֶרֶץ Vayikra 25:31; as site of small town, country-town Shmuel Alef 27:5 (opp. royal city), cf. Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:25; of high places, גְּבָעוֹת בַּשּׂ׳ Yirmiya 13:27; quite gen., Shmuel Alef 30:11; Yirmiya 40:7, Yirmiya 40:13; including road Shoftim 20:31; Melachim Alef 11:29; Yirmiya 6:25; disting. from road Bamidbar 22:23 (JE), Shmuel Beis 20:12; outside houses and courtyards Shemos 8:9 (P), Shmuel Alef 25:15; בַּשּׂ׳ nearly = outdoors Shemos 1:14 (P), Shoftim 13:9; of surface of country or ground, בַּשּׂ׳ Shemos 16:25 (JE); = עַל־פְּנֵי הַמִּדְבָּר v Shemos 16:14), cf. Shmuel Alef 14:25; so עַל־פְּנֵי הַשּׂ׳ (אֶל) Melachim Beis 9:37; Yirmiya 9:22; Yechezkel 29:5 (‖ הַמִּדְבָּ֫רָה), Yechezkel 32:4; Yechezkel 39:5; sample phr. opp. house, comfort, etc., Shmuel Beis 11:11; Yechezkel 16:5, opp. city Vayikra 14:7, Vayikra 14:53, opp. tent Bamidbar 19:16 (all P), opp. tent of meeting Vayikra 17:5 (H).

= expanse of country, opp. mt., in phr. מְרוֹמֵי שׂ׳ Shoftim 5:18; הֲרָרִי בַּשּׂ׳ Yirmiya 17:3 (of Jerus.) is dub.; cf. לְעִי הַשּׂ׳ Micha 1:6 (Je 18:14 v. שָׂדַי).

definite portion of ground, field, land:

cultivated ground Breishis 37:7 (E), Breishis 47:24 (J; זֶרַע הַשָּׂדֶה), Shemos 22:4^(×3), Shemos 22:5 (E), Vayikra 27:16, Vayikra 27:17 (P), Micha 3:12 (in sim.) Rus 2:2 + 47 times, + שְׂדֵי תְרוּמוֹת Shmuel Beis 1:21, שׂ׳־זָ֑רַע Yechezkel 17:5, שָׂדֶה טוֹב v Yechezkel 17:8 good soil.

as private property, Micha 2:2, Micha 2:4; Yeshaya 5:8^(×2); Breishis 47:20 (J), Breishis 23:9, Breishis 23:11, Breishis 23:13 (P) + 50 times, + Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:23 (as burial-place); also חֶלְקַת (הַ)שּׂ׳, v. חֶלְקָה; and שׂ׳ צֹפִים, v. צפה.

city-land, adjacent to city (town) and subject to its control: Breishis 41:48 (E), Vayikra 25:34 (P), Yehoshua 21:12 (P) = Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:41; Nechemia 11:25; Nechemia 11:30; Nechemia 12:39, Nechemia 12:44; specif. of Zoan Tehillim 78:12, Tehillim 78:43.

territory of nation, tribe: Breishis 32:4; Bamidbar 21:20 (both JE), Shoftim 5:4; Rus 1:1, Rus 1:2; Breishis 14:7 + 13 times + שְׂדֵה נַחֲלַת יִשׂ׳ Shoftim 20:6.

personal estate of king, Shmuel Beis 9:7; Shmuel Beis 19:30.

land, opp. sea, Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:32 (opp. הַיָּם; = שָׂדַי Tehillim 96:12), perhaps also mainland Yechezkel 26:6, Yechezkel 26:8 (Co Krae Toy al.; not Sm).

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שֶׂה

n.m. ^{Breishis 30:32} and (less often) f. ^{Yirmiya 50:17} one of a flock, a sheep (or goat) (Assyrian šuʾu, Arabic شَاةٌ, pl. شَآءٌ, شِوَاهٌ, etc. (also wild ox), cf. Egyptian sau, sheep Bondi⁶⁵, cf. Id.^{Ba NB § 2 b δ});—abs. שֶׂה Breishis 30:32 +, cstr. שֵׂה Yeshaya 43:23 +; sf. שֵׂיוֹ Devarim 22:1, שְׂיֵ֫הוּ Shmuel Alef 14:34; not in pl.;—

a sheep, or goat, nom. unit. of צֹאן: as property Breishis 30:32^(×2) (E; + צֹאן coll., כְּשָׂבִים, עִזִּים), Shemos 21:37^(×2) (+ שׁוֹר, צֹאן coll.), Shemos 22:3 (+ שׁוֹר, חֲמוֹר), v Shemos 22:8 (id.), v Shemos 22:9 (id.; all E); Devarim 22:1 (+ שׁוֹר), Shmuel Alef 17:34 (זה Kt van d. H. erron., v. Baer Dr), roaming pasture Yeshaya 7:25, straying Tehillim 119:176 (sim.), slaughtered Yeshaya 53:7 (in sim.); + שׁוֹר, חֲמוֹר Shoftim 6:4; Shmuel Alef 22:19; Yehoshua 6:21 (J), + id. + גָּמָל Shmuel Alef 15:3; as sacrifice Breishis 22:7, Breishis 22:8 (J), Shemos 13:13; Vayikra 5:12; Vayikra 12:8; Bamidbar 15:11 (שׂ׳ בַּכְּבָשִׂים אוֹ בָּעִזִּים; all P), Devarim 18:3 (+ שׁוֹר), Yeshaya 43:23; Yeshaya 66:3 (+ שׁוֹר), מִן־הַצֹּאן Yechezkel 45:15; cf. Shemos 34:19 (+ שׁוֹר), v Shemos 34:20 (J), Vayikra 27:26 (P; + שׁוֹר); fit for sacrifice Vayikra 22:28 (H); unfit v Vayikra 22:23 (H), Devarim 17:1 (both + שׁוֹר); as food Shmuel Alef 14:34 (+ שׁוֹר), שׂ׳ כְּשָׂבִים וְשׂ׳ עִזִּים Devarim 14:4 (+ id.); for passover Shemos 12:3^(×2), Shemos 12:4^(×2), Shemos 12:5 (P); fig. of Isr. Yechezkel 34:17^(×2) (‖ אֵילִים, עַתּוּדִים), v Yechezkel 34:20^(×2), Yechezkel 34:22^(×2).

coll. flock: שֶׂה פְזוּרָה Yirmiya 50:17 (= צֹאן אֹבְדוֹת v Yirmiya 50:6).

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שׂוּט

vb. swerve, fall away (akin to שָׂטָה q.v.; NH סוּט Hiph. is shake, move away; Assyrian šâṭu, rebel, Meissn⁹⁰; Ethiopic ሦጠ: bring back, restore; in 𝔗 apostatize is סְטָא);—

Pt. pl. cstr. וְשָׂטֵי כָזָב Tehillim 40:5 those falling away to falsehood (Gunk^{Schöpf. 40} וְשָׂטָה).

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שֵׂט

n.[m.

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שׂוּךְ

vb. hedge or fence up, about (= II. סוּךְ, q.v.);—

Pf. 2 ms. שַׂכְתָּ בַעֲדוֹ Iyov 1:10 hast fenced him about (protectingly); Pt. שָׂךְ Hoshea 2:8 I will hedge up (obstruct) thy way (acc.).

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שׂוֹךְ

n.[m.] branch or brushwood;—sf. 3 ms. שׂוֹכֹה Shoftim 9:49 (Ges^{§ 91 e}; but v. GFM Bu).

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שׂוֹכָה

n.f. id.,—cstr. שׂוֹכַת עֵצִים Shoftim 9:48 + perhaps abs. שׂוֹכָה v Shoftim 9:49 (so 𝔊 Doorn for MT שׂוֹכֹה).

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שׂוֹכֹה

n.pr.loc. in Judah:

in Shephelah, שׂוֹכֹה Yehoshua 15:35; Shmuel Alef 17:1^(×2) (from 𝔊 Σοκχωθ HPS (after We, cf. Dr) conj. שׂכות), שׂוֹכוֹ Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:7; Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:18, perhaps also שֹׂכֹה Melachim Alef 4:10 (Buhl Benz SS [‘perhaps’]; Th Kit sub 2); mod. Eš-Šuwēke, SSE. from Beth Shemesh, in Wady-es-Sanṭ Rob^{BR i.494} Buhl^Geogr.194; Σωχω, Σοκχωθ, etc.

in hill-country, Yehoshua 15:48 (Kt שׂוכה, Qr שׂוכוֹ), prob. also שׂוֹכוֹ Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:18 (‘son’ of חֶבֶר); mod. Šuwêke, 4 h. S. of חֶבְרוֹן Rob^{BR ii. 16. 21} Buhl^{Geogr. 164}; Σωχω(ν).

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שׂוּכָתִים

adj. gent. m. pl. a family of scribes Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:55; Σωχαθιειμ, 𝔊L Σουχαθειμ.

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שׂוּם

vb. put, place, set (cf. Nö^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 532}; NH סוּם Pi. designate, fix, שׂום Ecclus 45:5c; 49:6; Ph. שם, Assyrian šâmu, fix, determine; Sab. שׂים set, set up, SabDenkm^{No. 7, 1. 6} CIS^{iv. 1}; Arabic شَامَ (ى) is insert, sheathe, also compute; Ethiopic ሤመ: put, place; 𝔗 שׂוּם, Syriac ܣܳܡ, Old Aramaic שים);—

Pf. 3 ms. שָׂם Breishis 21:14 + (Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:5 read שָׂם 𝔊 𝔙 Gi Be Kau Benz), sf. שָׂמוֹ Yechezkel 17:4 +, שָׂמָ֫הוּ Yechezkel 7:20; 3 fs. שָׂ֫מָה Shmuel Alef 19:13, sf. שָׂמָ֫תְהוּ Yechezkel 19:5; Yechezkel 24:7; 2 ms. שַׂמְתָּ Yirmiya 32:20 +; 3 pl. שָׂמוּ Breishis 40:15 +; 1 pl. שַׂמְנוּ Yeshaya 28:15, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָשׂוּם Shemos 4:11, יָשִׂים Breishis 30:42 +, יָשִׂם Iyov 23:6; juss. יָשֵׂם Shmuel Alef 22:15 +; וַיָּ֫שֶׂם Breishis 2:8 +; sf. יְשִׂמֵנִי Shmuel Beis 15:4, וַיְשִׂימְךָ Melachim Alef 10:9; 2 fs. וַתָּשִׂימִי Yeshaya 51:23; וָאָשִׂים Shmuel Alef 28:21 +, וָאָשִׂ֫ימָה Ezra 8:17; Shoftim 12:3 Qr (Kt ואישׂמה); 2 mpl. תָּשִׂימוּ Breishis 32:17 +, תְּשִׂימ֫וּן Shemos 22:24 +, etc.; Imv. ms. שִׂים Breishis 24:2 +, etc.; Inf. abs. שׂוֹם Devarim 17:15 +, cstr. שׂוּם Breishis 44:7 +, שִׂים Iyov 20:4 + Shmuel Beis 14:7 Qr (Kt שׂום), שׂימו Yeshaya 10:6 Kt (Qr שׂוּמוֹ), etc.; Pt. שָׂם Amos 7:8 +, fs. הַשָּׂמָ֫ה Yeshaya 51:10 (so read for MT הַשָּׂ֫מָה); pl. שָׂמִים Malachi 2:2 +; pass. שִׂים Bamidbar 24:21 (cf. Di), Ovadia 1:4; f. according to most שׂוּמָה Shmuel Beis 13:32 (van d. H. שׂימה Kt), but v. infr.; שִׂימָ֫ה Tehillim 56:9 Bae Buhl, but most Imv. ms.;—put, set (often ‖ נָתָן 2, q.v.), c. acc. pers. vel rei (expr. or impl.):

put, set, in a place, + שָׁם Breishis 2:8 (J), + acc. loc. Breishis 28:11 (E) + 5 times +, c. 2 acc. + loc., Melachim Beis 10:8 heads (in) heaps at (acc. loc.), cf. Vayikra 24:6 (עַל); + ב Breishis 40:15 (E), fig. of י׳, put his name, בִּירוּשׁ׳ Melachim Beis 21:7 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:7, cf. c. שָׁם Melachim Alef 9:3; Devarim 12:5 + 6 times; especially ב of receptacle Breishis 31:34 (E), Shemos 2:3 (E), Shoftim 6:19 + often; sackcloth on (ב) loins Breishis 37:34 (J), Melachim Alef 20:31, crown on head Zecharia 6:11; Esther 1:17, shoes on feet Yechezkel 24:17; hook, etc., in nose Melachim Beis 19:28 = Yeshaya 37:29; Iyov 40:26, incense בְּאַפֶּ֑ךָ Devarim 33:10, i.e. cause thee (י׳) to smell it; feet in stocks (fig.) Iyov 13:27; Iyov 33:11; knife into throat Mishlei 23:2 (fig. of self-restraint, Fl in De); words into mouth Shemos 4:15 (J), Bamidbar 22:38 (E) + 8 times, + Devarim 31:19 teach to say or sing; into heart Iyov 22:22, ins. also Shmuel Alef 29:10 𝔊 Th We Dr Kit Bu HPS; trust in God Tehillim 78:7; (guilt of) blood into house Devarim 22:8, cf. Shoftim 9:24 (עַל pers.; so, c. נָתַן Devarim 21:8; Yirmiya 26:15; Yonah 1:14); something into hand Shemos 4:21 (E), of wonders, i.e. enable hand to do them; elsewhere = take, of hammer Shoftim 4:21, booty Melachim Alef 20:6, so (fig.) take one’s life (נֶפֶשׁ) into one’s palm (i.e. risk it) Shoftim 12:3; Shmuel Alef 19:5; Shmuel Alef 28:21; Iyov 13:14; put eyes בַּפּוּךְ Melachim Beis 9:30 (v. פּוּךְ, cf. Yeshaya 54:11); נֶפֶשׁ (= person), בַּחַיִּים Tehillim 66:9 (subj. י׳); set men at (the use of) implements Shmuel Beis 12:31 (prob., cf. Dr HPS; > וַיָּשַׂר(ם) sawed them with, as ‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 20:3, Th We); Melachim Alef 2:5 (‖ נתן) is dub.; 𝔊L Klo Kit read וַיִּקֹּם; charge something against (ב pers.; properly put in, i.e. attribute, impute, to) Shmuel Alef 22:15; Iyov 4:18; so, c. ל pers. Devarim 22:14, cf. (ל om.) v Devarim 22:17; put בְּקֶרֶב Amos 7:8; Yeshaya 63:11, בְּתוֹךְ Yechezkel 26:12.

put something upon (עַל) Bamidbar 21:8, Bamidbar 21:9 (E) + often; jewels, clothes, on person Breishis 24:17 (J), Breishis 41:42 (E), Vayikra 8:8 (P), Rus 3:3, turban Zecharia 3:5^(×2); Shemos 29:5 (P), Vayikra 8:9 (P) cf. (prep. om.) Iyov 24:15; Iyov 36:13 (fig.), girdle Yirmiya 13:1, Yirmiya 13:2, sackcloth Melachim Alef 21:27; שׂ׳ אָדָם עַל־הָאָרֶץ Iyov 20:4 (of man’s creation); of siege and siege engines, עַל = against, Micha 4:14; Yechezkel 4:2; Yechezkel 23:24; put, lay, upon (עַל), Melachim Beis 4:29 +; hand Breishis 48:18 (J) + 3 times, + upon mouth, in silence Shoftim 18:19; Iyov 21:5, and awe Micha 7:16, so c. ל Iyov 29:9, לְמוֹ Iyov 40:4, Iyov 40, upon (עַל) head Shmuel Beis 13:19 (in despair, cf. Yirmiya 2:37); acc. of disease Shemos 15:26 (J), so (ב pers.) v Shemos 15:26 Devarim 7:16; fig., spirit (עַל) Bamidbar 11:17 (JE), name Bamidbar 6:27 (P), duty Iyov 37:15 (?), reproach Shmuel Alef 11:2, רָעָה תַּחַת טוֹבָה Tehillim 109:5 (𝔖 Bae וַיָשִׁיבוּ, so, or וַיְשַׁלְּמוּ, Hup Che); שׂ׳ עַל לֵב Shir HaShirim 8:6 (sim.), so, fig., = remember, treasure up, Yeshaya 42:25; Yeshaya 47:7 (‖ זָכַר), + 6 times, c. אֶל Shmuel Beis 13:33; Shmuel Beis 19:20 (‖ id.); c. ב Shmuel Alef 21:13; cf. שׂ׳ בְּאָזְנֵי Shemos 17:14 (E), impress upon.

put, lay, set, c. ל, Melachim Beis 11:16 lay (violent) hands on = Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:15; put end to Iyov 18:2; Iyov 28:3; set לְמָרוֹם Iyov 5:11; render glory to Yehoshua 7:19 (JE; ‖ נָתַן), Yeshaya 42:12; make covenant with Shmuel Beis 23:5; set food for Breishis 43:32 (J), Shmuel Beis 12:20, prep. om. Breishis 43:31 (J), so c. לִפְנֵי Shmuel Alef 9:24; Shmuel Alef 28:22; Melachim Beis 6:22; שׂ׳ לִפְנֵי elsewhere Shoftim 18:21, of precedence Breishis 48:20 (E); set laws (as authoritative) לִפְנֵי Shemos 19:7; Shemos 21:1 (both E), Devarim 4:44; God (as moral ruler) לְנֶגְדָּם Tehillim 54:5; Tehillim 86:14; שׂ׳ נֶגֶד also Breishis 31:37 (E), נֹכַח Yechezkel 14:4, Yechezkel 14:7; לְעֵינֵי Breishis 30:41 (J).

put, c. בֵּין Yehoshua 24:7 (E) + 5 times (Shemos 8:19 v. פְּדוּת p. 804), + Breishis 30:36 (J), Breishis 32:17 (E), put space between; c. תַּחַת Shemos 17:12 (E), + 3 times (Ovadia 1:7 del. לַחְמְךָ We GASm Now al.) + שׂ׳ יָד תַּחַת יָרֵךְ in oath Breishis 24:2, Breishis 24:9; Breishis 47:29 (all J); put, c. אֶל loc. Shmuel Alef 6:11, Shmuel Alef 6:15; Shmuel Alef 19:13 Chavakuk 2:15, אֶל pers. Iyov 5:8 commit unto; c. אֵצֶל rei Vayikra 6:3 (P), מִצַּד rei Devarim 31:26 (P); שׂ׳ עִמְּךָ Shmuel Alef 9:23 lay up something with thee, reserve it; put, c. יַחַד Micha 2:12 put together = collect (‖ אָסַף, קִבֵּץ); without modifier Melachim Alef 18:23, Melachim Alef 18:25; Iyov 14:15; Yechezkel 30:21 apply bandage (‖ נָתַן).

set, direct:

sword against (ב) Shoftim 7:22; fig. extend compassion, ל pers. Yeshaya 47:6

direct לֵב, לֵבָב (mind) toward, pay attention to, c. ל, Devarim 32:46; Shmuel Alef 9:20; Yechezkel 40:4; Yechezkel 44:5; c. אֶל Shemos 9:21 (J), Shmuel Alef 25:25; Shmuel Beis 18:3^(×2); Iyov 2:3; Iyov 34:14 (Bu Du del. לֵב and read יָשִׁיב רוּחוֹ); c. עַל Chaggai 1:5, Chaggai 1:7; Iyov 1:8; compl. om. Yechezkel 44:5 a Chaggai 2:15, Chaggai 2:18^(×2); Yeshaya 41:22; Shoftim 19:30 read perhaps לְבַבְכֶם for לָכֶם (or עֵצָה for עֻצוּ); לֵב om. Iyov 4:20, Yeshaya 41:20 (+ רָאָה, יָדַע, הִשְׂכִּיל), c. ב pers. Iyov 23:6 (so Bu, who cps. Iyov 4:20; Iyov 24:12; Iyov 34:23, but all cases dub.); שִׂים לֵב, c. עַל = intend Daniel 1:8 (obj. cl.).

set face (פָּנִים) toward (acc. loc.) Breishis 31:21 (E), + לָבוֹא Yirmiya 42:15^(×2), Yirmiya 42:17; Yirmiya 44:12, cf. Melachim Beis 12:18; Daniel 11:17; c. אֶל, toward or against (implying opposition) Yechezkel 6:2 + 5 times Ez, c. עַל Yechezkel 29:2; Yechezkel 35:2, c. דֶּרֶךְ of direction Yechezkel 21:2; c. ב (fig. of oppos., subj. י׳): הִנְנִי שָׂם פָּנַי בָּכֶם לְרָעָה Yirmiya 44:11, cf. Yirmiya 21:10 Yechezkel 15:7 (‖ נתן), Vayikra 20:5 (P); c. ל rei (human subj.) Daniel 11:18 Qr (< Kt ישׁב); c. עַל pers. + לִמְלֹךְ of purpose Melachim Alef 2:15; set eyes (עֵינַים) upon, c. עַל pers. = behold Breishis 44:21 (J), = look after, take care of, Yirmiya 39:12; Yirmiya 40:4, לְטוֹבָה Yirmiya 24:6, but לְרָעָה Amos 9:4.

set, ordain, c. acc. rei Bamidbar 24:23 (> acc. pers. Di).

set, establish a law, statute, + ל pers. Shemos 15:25; Yehoshua 24:25 (both E), cf. Mishlei 8:29; + ב loc. Yeshaya 42:4 Tehillim 78:5 (‖ הֵקִים), also Tehillim 81:6; Yirmiya 33:25 + Shmuel Beis 20:19 (שָׂמוּ for שְׁלֻמֵי 𝔊 Ew We Kit Bu HPS, cf. Dr); establish something as (ל) law Breishis 47:26 (J), Shmuel Alef 30:25 (+ ל pers.); establish bazaars (as a right), ב loc., Melachim Alef 20:34; appoint a set time Shemos 9:5 (J), Iyov 34:23 (reading מוֹעֵד for עוֹד GHBWr Bu), ins. (perhaps) Shmuel Alef 13:8 so Dr Klo HPS (> ins. אמר Th We Bu Kit, after 𝔊 𝔗); a place, + ל pers. Shemos 21:13; Shmuel Beis 7:10 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 17:9, ל rei Melachim Alef 8:21 (+ שָׁם).

set, found a nation, Yeshaya 44:7 (si vera l.), establish it Tehillim 89:30 (לָעַד).

set, appoint (as ruler, official) + עַל pers. vel gent., Shemos 1:11; Shemos 18:21 (all E), Devarim 17:14, Devarim 17:15^(×3); Shoftim 11:11 (+ ל of office), Shmuel Beis 17:25 (+ תַּחַת instead of) + 6 times + Breishis 47:6 (J; second acc. = ruler, expressed), Shmuel Beis 23:23 (אֶל), עַל in ‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:25; also 2 acc. + ל and ב loc. Tehillim 105:21, ב loc. Shmuel Beis 15:4; Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:14, בְּרֹאשׁ at the head of, Devarim 1:13, Devarim 1:2 acc. alone Shir HaShirim 1:6; c.acc. pers. + ל pers. Breishis 27:37 (E), Hoshea 2:2; Shmuel Alef 8:5 (+ inf.); + ל of title Breishis 45:8, Breishis 45:9 Shemos 2:14 (+ עַל; all E) + 4 times + Shoftim 8:33 (+ ל pers.), + Yechezkel 44:8 (perhaps read וַתְּשִׂימוּם Hi Sm Co and most); + ל of purpose Chavakuk 1:12; + ב of position, ל pers. Shmuel Alef 8:11; c. acc. of office alone Shmuel Alef 8:12 (+ ל pers.), so Co Yechezkel 21:27 (שָׂרִים for כָּרִים, v. כַּר sub כרר), Melachim Alef 20:24 (+ תחת), cf. Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:18, + עַל, אֶל, of task Bamidbar 4:19 (P); Iyov 7:20 set me as (ל) mark for (ל) him.

set, constitute, make, c. כ pers. vel rei, Breishis 13:16 (J) I will make thy seed as the dust, Breishis 32:13 (J) Breishis 48:20 (E), Devarim 10:22; Hoshea 11:8 + 16 times + (bad sense) Hoshea 2:5; Nachum 3:6; Melachim Alef 19:2.

set, determine, fix, bounds Yirmiya 5:22 (2 acc.) Iyov 38:5, Iyov 38:33 Tehillim 104:9; pass. determined, settled, + עַל־פֶּה Shmuel Beis 13:32 (but v. II. שׂום); appoint, send, frogs לְפַרְעֹה Shemos 8:8 (J), c. acc. pers. + עַל against Melachim Beis 18:14.

set, station, at a post, etc., acc. pers. Yehoshua 8:13 (JE), + ב loc. Melachim Beis 10:24; Yirmiya 9:7 + 5 times, + adv. acc. Breishis 33:2 (J), + בֵּין loc. Yehoshua 8:12, + ל (against) and אַחֲרֵי loc. v Yehoshua 8:2 (both JE), + ל against Shoftim 9:25 (+ עַל loc.), + אֶל against Shoftim 20:29, Shoftim 20:36; doubtful are Shmuel Alef 15:2 (c.ל pers.), Melachim Alef 20:12^(×2) (עַל־הָעִיר), where no obj. expr. (in MT); either an obj. has fallen out, or vb. (in techn. military sense), here intrans. or inwardly trans. (Dl ^{ZK ii. 397} forward! take direction toward; cf.also [on Sm] We Dr Löhr), or else שׂ׳ is corrupt (cf.HPS^Sm).

put in position, sacred bread, sword, staves, bars, c.acc. Shmuel Alef 21:7; Yechezkel 21:27; Bamidbar 4:6, Bamidbar 4:8, Bamidbar 4:11, Bamidbar 4:14 + 4 times P, Iyov 38:10; + עַל Shemos 32:27 (E), Shemos 40:20 (P), מִמַּעַל ל Yirmiya 43:10, מֵעַל Esther 3:1; + (various modifiers) 8 times; set in place, תֵּבֵל Iyov 34:13 (De al.), but context favours שָׁמַר Bu; Du שׂ׳ לִבּוֹ בְּתֵבֵל.

set up throne Melachim Alef 2:19, altars Yirmiya 11:13, memorial stone Breishis 18:18 (J), Breishis 28:22 (E), Shmuel Alef 7:12 (cf.הֵקִים Breishis 31:45 +), image, etc. Shoftim 18:31 (‖ הֵקִים), Devarim 27:15; Melachim Alef 12:29 (ב loc., ‖ נָתַן), Melachim Beis 21:7 (ב loc.) = Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:7, cf. Tehillim 74:4; Yeshaya 57:8 and, + ב loc., Yirmiya 7:30; Yirmiya 32:34; rods before (לְעֵינֵי) cattle Breishis 30:41 (‖ וַיַּצֵּג v Breishis 30:38), cf. v Breishis 30:42, guide-posts Yirmiya 31:21, bed Melachim Beis 4:10 (+ ל pers.).

= plant, wheat Yeshaya 28:25, tree Yeshaya 41:19 (ב loc.; ‖ נָתַן), slip Yechezkel 17:5 (עַל by).

set, fix (countenance) Melachim Beis 8:11, so usually, but acc. om., and sense dub.; read perhaps וַיִּשֹּׁם (√ שׁמם, cf. e.g. Melachim Alef 9:8), so Klo Kmp Kit Benz.

make a thing, or pers. (acc.), for transform into (ל), Yehoshua 6:18 (J) make camp לְחֵרֶם, Micha 1:6 make Samaria לְעִי, Breishis 21:13, Breishis 21:18 (E), Shemos 14:21 (JE), Micha 4:7 (both good sense), Yeshaya 28:17; Yeshaya 42:15, Yeshaya 42:16 + 12 times Is. (Yeshaya 25:2 read עִיר for מֵעִיר Vrss Comm.), Yirmiya 2:7 + 8 times Je, + 14 times + Shoftim 1:28 they made the Can. into the corvée; וְיָשֵׂם לְדֶרֶךְ פְּעָמָיו Tehillim 85:14 maketh his steps into a way (so RV Hup Che Dr, but meaning obscure; De Bae attend to the way of (לֵב om.); Schr Hup-Now read וְיִשְׁמֹר ד׳); c. 2 acc. Yehoshua 8:28 (J), Tehillim 39:9; Tehillim 66:2 Micha 1:7; Micha 4:13 Melachim Alef 5:23 (prægn. c. עַד loc.), + 29 times

make, constitute, 2 acc., Shmuel Alef 8:1; Shmuel Alef 18:13 (+ ל pers.) Shmuel Alef 22:7 (לְכֻלְּכֶם, ל of acc.; or < read וְכֻלְּכֶם), Yeshaya 3:7; Yeshaya 60:17 + 6 times, + Shmuel Alef 11:11 form people in bands, cf. Iyov 1:17 (one acc., form bands), + (acc. pers. om.) Shemos 4:11 (J), cf. (beast, in fig.) Yechezkel 19:5; Yechezkel 19:2 acc. and acc. + ל in same ver., Yeshaya 54:12 I will make rubies thy pinnacles, and (transform) thy gates into carbuncles; in phr. of naming, שָׂם שְׁמוֹ יִשְׂרָאֵל Melachim Beis 17:34, cf. Shoftim 8:31; Nechemia 9:7; c. ל, וַיָּשֶׂם לָהֶם שֵׁמוֹת Daniel 1:7, וַיּ׳ לְדָנִיֵּאל בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר v Daniel 1:7; make, fashion, c. acc. rei + ל pers. Shemos 4:11 (J; י׳ subj.); grave Nachum 1:14 (but on text and meaning v. Now Bi ^{SB Wiener Akkadian 1894, Abh. v}); c. acc. דֶּרֶךְ Yeshaya 43:19 (ב loc.), cf. Yechezkel 21:24, Yechezkel 21:25 (+ ל inf.); Tehillim 50:23 is dub., usually order (one’s) way, De Dr prepare way (which), etc., Gr Che תֹּם for שָׂם; make name + ל pers. Shmuel Beis 7:23 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 17:21, Shmuel Beis 14:7; make for, ל pers. (or give to), c.acc. of posterity Breishis 45:7 (E); Shmuel Alef 2:20 read prob. יְשַׁלֵּם 𝔊 We Kit Bu HPS, cf. Dr; Ezra 10:44 is obscure, Gu-Batten del. וַיָּשִׂימוּ and read וַיְשַׁלְּחוּ bef. נָשִׁים, cf. 3 Esdr 9:36 Be Ry Ryle.

work, bring to pass, c. acc. rei, of י׳’s signs, etc., + ב loc. Shemos 10:2 (J), Yirmiya 32:20; Yeshaya 66:19 Tehillim 46:9; Tehillim 78:43; Tehillim 105:27.

appoint, give, acc. rei Bamidbar 6:26 (P), Yeshaya 61:3 (‖ נָתַן; both c. ל pers.); a pledge Iyov 17:3 (‖ עָרְבֵנִי go surety for me, but read perhaps עֶרְבֹנִי as obj., v. p. 786 b); וְשׂוֹם שֵׂכֶל Nechemia 8:3 giving understanding (making sense clear).

Pf. 1 s. consec. וַהֲשִׂמֹתִיהוּ Yechezkel 14:8, acc. pers. + ל, I will make him for a sign (< שׁ for שׂ van d. H., √ שׁמם; Co Berthol Toy וְשַׂמְתִּיהוּ (Qal), Krae וְהִשְׁמַדְתִּיהוּ); Imv. fs. הָשִׂימִי Yechezkel 21:21, prob. del as dittogr. Co Krae after 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 𝔗 Nö ^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 530} (> Bö Toy al. הִקְדִּימוּ); Pt. מֵשִׂים Iyov 4:20 = Qal (לֵב) שׂום (v 2 b), but phr. dub., and text perhaps crpt., v. Me Nö^l.c..

Impf. 3 ms. וַיּוּשַׂם Breishis 24:33 Qr (Kt ויישׂם Ges^{§ 73 f}) there was set before him (לְפָנָיו) to eat, cf. Ol ^{MB Ak. 1870, 389} Kö ^{i. 435}, who read also וַיּוּשַׂם Breishis 50:26 he was laid in (ב) a mummycase (for MT וַיִּישֶׂם Di ^{(ed. 4.5.6)} allows this.

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שׂוּמָה

(van d. H. שׂימה Kt) perhaps n.f. token of unluckiness, scowl;—Shmuel Beis 13:32, so Ew^{G iii. 234, H. 172} (abbrev. from שׂמאל; or emend. שִׂטְמָה) We RS^{Ency. Brit. (9) DAVID} Kit, cf. Dr HPS.

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שׂוּר

vb. saw (‖ form of נָשַׂר; denom. from מַשּׂוֹר?);—

Impf. 3 ms. וַיָּשַׂר Divrei HaYamim Alef 20:3 (but v. שׂים 1 a).—Hoshea 9:12 v. סור; Shoftim 9:22; Hoshea 8:4 v. שׂרר; Hoshea 12:5 v. שׂרה.

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שׂוֹרָה

Yeshaya 28:25 prob. dittogr. for foll. שְׂעֹרָה (Koppe We Che al.; 𝔊 𝔖 om.); > 𝔙 Ges Di al. in rows (adv. acc.; but NH שׁוּרָה, Arabic سُورٌ, Lag ^{GGN, 1889, 298}; cf. Vogelst ^{Landwirthsch. 41} who favours שׁ׳ in Is. More plausible would be some grian, as שורה Zinj. Inscr., Lzb³⁷⁴ Sachau ^{Panammu 23}).

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שׂוּשׂ

vb. exult, rejoice (Nö ^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 536} der. (‘perhaps’) from interj., as شَأْشَأْ an enticing call, so Gerber²⁰);—

Pf. 3 ms. שָׂשׂ Devarim 28:63 +, 1 s. שַׂשְׂתִּי Tehillim 119:14, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָשִׂישׂ Devarim 28:63 +, 3 mpl. יְשֻׂשׂוּם Yeshaya 35:1 (Ges^{§ 47 n} Kö ^{i. 510}, but ם erron. Kenn Ol ^{§ 244 a}, prob. dittogr., so Lo Hi Gr Che^Hpt. Marti), etc.; Imv. fs. שִׂישִׂי Eicha 4:2, mpl. שִׂישׂוּ Yeshaya 65:18; Yeshaya 66:10; Inf. abs. שׂוֹשׂ Yeshaya 61:10; cstr. לָשׂוּשׂ Devarim 30:9;—exult, display joy,c. עַל over, Devarim 28:63^(×2); Devarim 30:9^(×2); Yirmiya 32:41; Yeshaya 62:5; Tzefania 3:17 (+ בְּשִׂמְחָה; ‖ גִּיל), Tehillim 119:162; c. ב Yeshaya 61:10 (שׂוֹשׂ אָשִׂישׂ), Yeshaya 65:19 Tehillim 35:9 (all ‖ גִּיל); Tehillim 40:17; Tehillim 68:4 (+ בְּשִׂמְחָה; ‖ עָלַץ), Tehillim 70:5 (all ‖ שָׂמַח); Tehillim 119:14; Iyov 39:21 (horse), Tehillim 19:6 (sun, as athlete); c. כִּי and cl. Eicha 1:21; abs. Yeshaya 35:1; Yeshaya 65:18 (both ‖ גִּיל), Yeshaya 64:4 (but del. שָׂשׂ וְ 𝔊 Gr Du Che^Hpt Marti), Yeshaya 66:14; Eicha 4:21 (‖ שָׂמַת), Iyov 3:22 (‖ שָׂמַח אֱלֵ י־גִיל), Yeshaya 66:10 (acc. cogn.; ‖ גִּיל, שָׂמַח) v Yeshaya 66:14. Yechezkel 21:15 is crpt., Co reads לְאַנְשֵׁי (for נָשִׂישׂ), Krae לִנְשִׂיאֵי, other conj. in comm.; on cl. vid. especially Da Toy^{Heb. Hpt.}.

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שָׂשׂוֹן

n.m. ^{Yeshaya 51:3} exultation, rejoicing;—abs. שׂ׳ Tehillim 45:8 +, שָׂשׂן Esther 8:16; cstr. שְׂשׂוֹן (Sta ^{§ 296 e}) Tehillim 51:14; Tehillim 119:111;—exultation, joy (especially in י׳’s favour), Yoel 1:12; Yeshaya 12:3 Tehillim 51:14; Tehillim 105:43; Tehillim 119:111; שֶׁמֶן שׂ׳ (i.e. with which guests were anointed; fig.) Tehillim 45:8; Yeshaya 61:3 (opp. אֵבֶל); שֵׁם שׂ׳ Yirmiya 33:9 (‖ תְּהִלָּה; on text v. Gie Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 115}); elsewhere ‖ שִׂמְחָה: Yirmiya 7:34; Yirmiya 15:16; Yirmiya 16:9; Yirmiya 25:10; Yirmiya 33:11; Yeshaya 22:13 (only here condemned as reckless, wanton), Yeshaya 35:10; Yeshaya 51:3, Yeshaya 51:11 Zecharia 8:19 Tehillim 51:10; Esther 8:16, Esther 8:17; ‖ שָׂמַח Yirmiya 31:13 (opp. אֵבֶל).

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שֵׂחַ

v. שִׂיח.

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שָׂ֔חוּ

n.[m.^{Sta § 192 a}] swimming (on format. (and tone) Ges ^{§ 84 a c} Kö^{ii. 1, 60. 497});—מֵי שׂ׳ Yechezkel 47:5.

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שָׂחִיף

adj. (?), doubtful (van d. H. שְׁחִיף; √ unknown);—cstr. שְׂחִיף עֵץ Yechezkel 41:16 usually panelled, wainscotted, with wood; or n. a wainscot of wood, but Co חִפּוּי, Toy חָפוּי (cstr. חֲפוּי).

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שָׂחַק

vb. laugh (‖ צהק, q.v.; NH שָׂחַק, סָחַק; Ethiopic ሠሐቀ: );—

Pf. 3 ms. וְשׂ׳ consec. Mishlei 29:9; 3 pl. שָֽׂחֲקוּ Eicha 1:7; Iyov 30:1; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׂחַק Iyov 39:7 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. שְׂחוֹק Shoftim 16:27; Koheles 3:4;—

laugh at, usually in contempt, derision, c. עַל pers. Iyov 30:1 Tehillim 52:8; עַל rei Eicha 1:7; c. ל pers. God subj. Tehillim 37:13; Tehillim 59:9 (‖ לָעַג); c. ל rei vel pers. = have no fear of, Chavakuk 1:10; Iyov 5:22; Mishlei 31:25, also, fig., of noble animals Iyov 39:7, Iyov 39:18, Iyov 39:22; Iyov 41:21; abs., Mishlei 29:9 (opp. רָגַז), of י׳ Tehillim 2:4 (‖ לָעַג), of wisdom Mishlei 1:26 (ב temp.; ‖ id.).

c. אֶל pers., appar. of friendly laugh Iyov 29:24; in gen. Koheles 3:4 (opp. בָּכָה).

sport, play, Shoftim 16:27.

Pf. 1 s. וְשִׂחַקְתִּ֫י Shmuel Alef 6:21; Impf. 3 ms. וַיְשַׂחֶק־ Shoftim 16:25, etc.; Inf. cstr. לְשַׂחֶק־ Tehillim 104:26; Pt. מְשַׂחֵק Mishlei 26:19; Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:29, f. מְשַׂחֶ֫קֶת Mishlei 8:30, Mishlei 8:31; pl. מְשַׂחֲקִים Shmuel Beis 6:5 +, מְשַׂחֲקוֹת Shmuel Alef 18:7;—

make sport, Shoftim 16:25 (ל pers.) Shmuel Beis 2:14 (לִפְנֵי pers.; in tournament), Mishlei 8:30 (לִפְנֵי), v Mishlei 8:31 (ב loc.).

jest, Mishlei 26:19.

play: incl. instr. music, singing and dancing Shmuel Alef 18:7, c. לִפְנֵי י׳ Shmuel Beis 6:5 (ב instr.), = Divrei HaYamim Alef 13:8, Shmuel Beis 6:21 Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:29 (+ מְרַקֵּד); of merry-making Yirmiya 15:17 (‖ עָלַז), Yirmiya 30:19; Yirmiya 31:4; of children’s sport Zecharia 8:5; of beasts Iyov 40:20 Tehillim 104:26; of man, play with (ב) crocod. Iyov 40:29.

(declar.) Pt. pl. מַשְׂחִיקִים Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:10 they uttered mockery עֲלֵיהֶם (‖ מַלְעִגִים).

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שְׂחֹק

n.[m.] laughter, derision, sport (proposes inf. cstr.);—abs. שְׂחֹק Yirmiya 48:26 + 5 times; cstr. Koheles 7:6; abs. שְׂחוֹק Yirmiya 20:7 + 7 times;—

laughter (joyous) Iyov 8:21 (‖ תְּרוּעָה), Tehillim 126:2 (‖ רִנָּה), Koheles 2:2 (‖ שִׂמְחָה), Koheles 10:19 (‖ שִׂמֵּחַ); as hollow Mishlei 14:13 (opp. כָּאַב), Koheles 7:3 (opp. כַּעַס), cf. שׂ׳ הַכְּסִיל v Koheles 7:6.

(object of) derision, הָיָה לִשׂ׳, Yirmiya 20:7; Yirmiya 48:26, Yirmiya 48:27 (read לִשׂ׳ for MT הַשּׂ׳ 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 Gie Du; Co del. vv), v Yirmiya 48:39 Eicha 3:14; elsewhere Iyov 12:4^(×2).

sport Mishlei 10:23.

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שֵׂט²

v. [שׂוט].

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שָׂטה

vb. turn aside (Aramaic סְטָא, ܣܛܳܐ id.; שְׂטָא stray; Ethiopic ሠጠየ iii. 1 be seduced, etc.; cf. Dr^{JPhil. xi (1882), 205});—

Pf. 2 fs. שָׂטִית Bamidbar 5:19, Bamidbar 5:20; Impf. 3 fs. תִּשְׂטֶה v Bamidbar 5:12, Bamidbar 5:29, juss. 3 ms. יֵשְׂטְ Mishlei 7:25; Imv. ms. שְׂטֵה Mishlei 4:15;—turn aside, of unfaithful wife Bamidbar 5:12 (abs.), + תַּחַת אִישׁ, i.e. while married, v Bamidbar 5:19 (+ טֻמְאָה adv. acc.), v Bamidbar 5:20, Bamidbar 5:29 (all P); of youth, from (מֵעַל) way of evil woman Mishlei 4:15, toward (אֶל) her ways Mishlei 7:25.

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שָׂטָן

n.m. ^{Tehillim 109:6} 1. adversary. 2. Satan (NH שָׂטָן, סָטָן; Aramaic שָׂטָנָא, סָטָנָא, Syriac ܣܳܛܳܢܳܐ (Hebr.); NH vb. סָטַן, Aramaic סְטַן; Arabic شَطَنَ is be remote, especially from the truth, and from the mercy of God; شَيْطَانٌ Satan, Ethiopic ሰይጣን );—

adversary, in gen., personal or national; (ל) הָיָה לְשׂ׳ Bamidbar 22:22 (JE), Shmuel Alef 29:4 (cf. Nes^{Marg. 15}), Shmuel Beis 19:23, יָצָא לְשׂ׳ Bamidbar 22:32 (JE); שׂ׳ Melachim Alef 5:18; Melachim Alef 11:25; הֵקִים שׂ׳ ל, subj. God Melachim Alef 11:14, Melachim Alef 11:23, cf. Tehillim 109:6 (‖ רָשָׁע).

superhuman adversary, הַשּׂ׳:

of Job, one of בְּנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים Iyov 1:6, Iyov 1:7^(×2), Iyov 1:8, Iyov 1:9, Iyov 1:12^(×2); Iyov 2:1, Iyov 2:2^(×2), Iyov 2:3, Iyov 2:4, Iyov 2:6, Iyov 2:7.

of h. p. of Isr. bef. י׳, Zecharia 3:1, Zecharia 3:2^(×2); 𝔊 ὁ διάβολος.

as n.pr. שׂ׳ Satan Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:1 (interpr. Shmuel Beis 24:1), 𝔊 διάβολος (𝔊 σατάν †Melachim Alef 11:14, Melachim Alef 11:23; Σατανᾶς Mt 4:10; Mk 1:13; Lk 10:18 + 33 times NT).

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שִׂטְנָה

n.f. accusation;—Ezra 4:6.

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שִׂטְנָה²

n.pr. putei (hostility) Breishis 26:21 (J).

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שִׂיב

vb. be hoary (NH שֵׂיבָה old age; Assyrian šêbu, aged man; Arabic شَابَ (ى) become hoary, Ethiopic ሤበ (in deriv.); Aramaic סִיב be old; ܣܶܐܒ grow old, ܣܰܝ̈ܒܳܬܳܐ grey hair);—

Pf. 1 s. זָקַנְתִּי וָשַׂ֫בְתִּי Shmuel Alef 12:2; Pt. שָׂב Iyov 15:10 (+ יָשִׁישׁ aged).

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שֵׂיבָה

n.f. hoary head, old age;—abs. שׂ׳ Hoshea 7:9 +; cstr. שֵׂיבַת Breishis 44:31; sf. שֵׂיבָתִי Breishis 42:38; Breishis 44:29, etc.;—

grey hair, hoary head Hoshea 7:9 (fig.), Breishis 42:38; Breishis 44:29, Breishis 44:31 (all J), Melachim Alef 2:6, Melachim Alef 2:9; Mishlei 16:31; Mishlei 20:29; אִישׁ שׂ׳ Devarim 32:25 (opp. יוֹנֵק); ‖ זָקֵן Vayikra 19:32 (H), ‖ זִקְנָה Yeshaya 46:4, + id., Tehillim 71:18 (in these transition to foll.); fig. of sea Iyov 41:24.

old age, שׂ׳ טוֹבָה Breishis 15:15 (JE), Breishis 25:8 (P), Shoftim 8:32; Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:28; שׂ׳ also Tehillim 92:15 (trees, in fig. of righteous), Rus 4:15, + Shmuel Beis 19:34 (𝔊 Ew Th Bu Kit, cf. We Dr HPS, אֶת־שֵׂיבָֽתְךָ, for אֹתְךָ).

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שִׂיג

v. I. [סוג].

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שִׂיד

n.[m.] lime, whitewash;—always שׂ׳;—lime, produced by burning bones Amos 2:1, in sim. Yeshaya 33:12; as whitewash Devarim 27:2, Devarim 27:4.

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שִׂיד²

vb. denom. whitewash;—

Pf. 2 ms. וְשַׂדְתָּ֫ אֹתָם בַּשִּׂיד Devarim 27:2, Devarim 27:4.

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שִׂיחַ

n.m. ^{Tehillim 104:34} complaint, musing;—abs. שׂ׳ Melachim Alef 18:27; Mishlei 23:29; sf. שִׂיחִי Shmuel Alef 1:16 +, שִׂחִי Iyov 23:2, שִׂיחוֹ Melachim Beis 9:11 Tehillim 102:1;—

plaint, complaint: Iyov 7:13; Iyov 9:27; Iyov 10:1 (‖ מר נפשׁ), Iyov 21:4; Iyov 23:2 Mishlei 23:29 Tehillim 55:3 (‖ אָהִימָה); קוֹלִי בְּשִׂיחִי Tehillim 64:2; שָׁפַךְ שׂ׳ לפני י׳ Tehillim 102:1; Tehillim 142:3. Foll. are dub.:

musing, Melachim Alef 18:27 (E) of a god, ‖ שִׂיג לוֹ, (so RV; SS ‘nachdenken’; Buhl ‘beschäftigt sein’; AV talk); Tehillim 104:34 of man (Buhl SS. Bae ‘Rede, oder Gesang’).—Vid. also [שֵׂחַ] infr.

anxiety, trouble: מֵרֹב שִׂיחִי Shmuel Alef 1:16; (defined in MT by כַּעַס, cf. HPS; so Buhl SS, but perhaps = 1).

the way in which he talks: שִׂיחוֹ Melachim Beis 9:11.

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שִׂיחָה

n.f. id.;—abs. שׂ׳ Tehillim 119:99 Iyov 15:4; sf. שִׂיחָתִי Tehillim 119:97;—

complaint: שׂ׳ לִפְנֵי־אֵל Iyov 15:4; (so Bu al., cf. שִׂיחַ 1 De al. meditation, cf. [גָּרַע]).

(obj. of) musing, study: תּוֹרָה Tehillim 119:97; עֵדוּת v Tehillim 119:99.

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שִׂיחַ²

vb.denom. muse, complain, poet. talk (of);—

Impf. 3 ms. יָשִׂיחַ Tehillim 119:23; 3 fs. sf. תְּשִׂיחֶ֑ךָ Mishlei 6:22; 1 s. אָשִׂיחַ Tehillim 119:78 +, etc.; Imv. ms. שִׂיחַ Iyov 12:8; mpl. שִׂיחוּ Shoftim 5:10 +; Inf. cstr. שִׂיחַ Tehillim 119:148;—

complain: Tehillim 55:18; Tehillim 77:4 (both ‖ הָמָה), Iyov 7:11 (בְּמַר נַפְשִׁי), + Tehillim 6:7 (read prob. אָשִׂיחָה for אַשְׂחֶה).

muse: עִם־לְבָבִי Tehillim 77:7; c. ב, meditate upon, study, God’s עֲלִילוֹת v Tehillim 77:13 (‖ הָגָה); פִּקּוּדִים Tehillim 119:15, Tehillim 119:78; חֻקִּים v Tehillim 119:23, Tehillim 119:48; נִפְלָאוֹת v Tehillim 119:27; אִמְרָה v Tehillim 119:148; c. acc. דִּבְרֵי נִפְלְאֹתֶיךָ Tehillim 145:5.

talk (about), sing (of): abs. Shoftim 5:10 (ode); c. ב rei, Tehillim 105:2 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:9 (‖ שִׁיר, זִמֵּר; so SS Gerber, but poss. = 2, so Dr), Tehillim 69:13 (ב pers. against; ‖ נְגִינוֹת, of mocking words).

c. sf. pers. talk (with) Mishlei 6:22 (del. Toy); c. לְ speak to Iyov 12:8 (Di ‘sprich sinnend’; Hi Bu read שֶׁרֶץ; Kau חַיַּת (so Bu as altern.), Bö al. sub II. שִׂיחַ). Pôlʿel meditate, consider: Impf. 3 ms. יְשׂוֹחֵחַ Yeshaya 53:8 (abs.); 1 s. אֲשׂוֹחֵחַ Tehillim 143:5 (ב rei; ‖ הָגָה).

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שֵׂחַ²

n.[m.] thought;—sf. מַגִּיד לְאָדָם מַה־ שֵּׂחוֹ Amos 4:13; read prob. שִׂחוֹ (against Ba^{NB 79, 80}) unless otherwise corrupt.

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שִׂיחַ³

n.[m.] bush, shrub, plant;—שׂ׳ abs. coll. Iyov 30:4, cstr. שׂ׳ הַשָּׂדֶה Breishis 2:5 (J); pl. שִׂיחִים Iyov 30:7, אַחַד הַשִּׂיחִם Breishis 21:15 (E).

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שִׂים

etc., v. I, II. שׂום.

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שֹׂךְ

v. II. שׂכך.

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שָֽׂכְיָה

(so Baer Gi; var. שַׂכְיָא; van d. H. שָׁבְיָה; Kit^Hpt dub.) n.pr.m. in Benj. Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:10; Σαβια, Σεβια, 𝔊L Σεχια; 𝔖 𝔙 Sechia.

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שַׂכִּין

n.[m.] knife (NH סַכִּין; prob. loan-word (Lewy^{Fremdw. 176}) from Aramaic סַכִּינָא, ܣܰܟܹܝܢܳܐ id., whence also Arabic سِكِّينٌ Nö^{M 125} Frä ⁸⁴; √ dub.);—abs. שׂ׳ Mishlei 23:2.

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שָׂכַךְ

vb. cover, lay over, so as to screen (cf. ‖ √ I. סכך);—

Pf. 1 s. וְשַׂכֹּתִי כַפִּי עָלֶיךָ Shemos 33:22 (JE).

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שָׂכַךְ²

vb. weave (cf. ‖ √ II. סכך); Pôʿ. Impf. 2 ms. sf. תְּשׂכְכֵנִי Iyov 10:11 with bones and sinews thou weavest me together.

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שָׂכַךְ³

Pilp. prick or spur on (cf. Arabic شَاكَ pierce (perhaps denom. from) شَوْكٌ thorn, شَوْكَةٌ point of spear, etc.; Ethiopic ሦክ thorn);—prick or spur on, acc. pers.: Pf. 1 S וְסִכְסַכְתִּ֫י Yeshaya 19:2 (+ ב against); Impf. 3 ms. יְסַכְסֵךְ Yeshaya 9:10.

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שָׂכַל

vb. be prudent (Gerber⁴⁷ denom. from שֶׂכֶל, but vb. early; NH סָכַל, Hithp. shew oneself attentive (to), look; Aramaic סְכַל (rare) understand, Ithpa. look (at), consider, Aph. instruct; שְׂכַל only Aph. (for Heb. הִשְׂכִּיל), understand, make wise; ܣܟܰܠ Pa. teach, Ethpa. understand, etc.; Sam. ࠎࠊࠋ Ithpa. look (for Heb. הִבִּיט); Assyrian šiklu, clever, šiklûtu, cleverness, Meissn^{Suppl. 93});—

Pf. 3 ms. שׂ׳ Shmuel Alef 18:30 be prudent, circumspect (SS HPS); Kit Buhl Gerber al. prosper.

Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׂכִּיל Yirmiya 23:5; Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:19; 1 s. הִשְׂכַּלְתִּי Tehillim 119:99; 3 mpl. הִשְׂכִּילוּ Iyov 34:27 +; Impf. יַשְׂכִּיל Shmuel Alef 18:5 +; 2 ms. juss. תַּשְׂכֵּל Daniel 9:25, etc.; Imv. mpl. הַשְׂכִּילוּ Tehillim 2:10; Inf. abs. הַשְׂכֵּל Yirmiya 9:23 +; הַשְׂכֵּיל (Ges^{§ 53 k}) Yirmiya 3:15; Iyov 34:35; cstr. הַשְׂכִּיל Breishis 3:6 +, etc.; Pt. מַשְׂכִּיל Shmuel Alef 18:14 +, f. מַשְׂכָּ֑לֶת Mishlei 19:14; pl. מַשְׂכִּילִים Daniel 11:35 +, etc.; meanings hard to classify: scholars differ greatly;—

look at: נֶחְמָד הָעֵץ לְהַשְׂכִּיל Breishis 3:6 (J) was desirable to look upon (so 𝔊 Ges De; AV, RV to make one wise; Ew Di Buhl SS Dr al. sub 3).

give attention to, consider, ponder: Yeshaya 41:20; Yeshaya 44:18; Devarim 32:29 Tehillim 64:10; Tehillim 106:7; Iyov 34:27; c. לְ Mishlei 21:12; c. אֶל Tehillim 41:2; Nechemia 8:13; c. עַל Mishlei 16:20; c. ב Tehillim 101:2; Daniel 9:13.

have insight, comprehension: Yirmiya 9:23 (‖ יָדַע י׳), Tehillim 94:8 (‖ בִּין), Tehillim 119:99; Daniel 1:4; Daniel 9:25 (‖ יָדַע); הַשְׂכֵּ(י)ל as subst. = insight, understanding: as י׳’s gift to ruler and teacher, ‖ דֵּעָה Yirmiya 3:15; ‖ דַּ֫עַת Iyov 34:35; ‖ מַדָּע Daniel 1:17; מוּסַר הַשׂ׳ Mishlei 1:3; דֶּרֶךְ הַשׂ׳ Mishlei 21:16.

cause to consider, give insight, teach: י׳ subj., acc. rei, Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:19, acc. pers. Tehillim 32:8; Nechemia 9:20; Gabriel subj., 2 acc. Daniel 9:22; לֵב חָכָם subj., acc. rei Mishlei 16:23; c. לְ, Mishlei 21:11; הַמַּשְׂכִּילִים שֵׂכֶל טוֹב לי׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:22 (but Be Ke Benz etc. who shewed good skill, sc. in music, v Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:21); (הַ)מַשְׂכִּילִים Daniel 11:33, Daniel 11:35; Daniel 12:3, Daniel 12:10 the teachers (so Ew Hi Bev; Thes Ke Behrm al. the wise).

act circumspectly, prudently: abs. Amos 5:13 Tehillim 2:10; Tehillim 36:4; מַשְׂכִּיל as subst. Tehillim 14:2 = Tehillim 53:3, Mishlei 10:5, Mishlei 10:19; Mishlei 14:35; Mishlei 15:24; Mishlei 17:2; Iyov 22:2; אִשָּׁה מַשְׂכָּ֑לֶת Mishlei 19:14.—Yirmiya 50:9 has גִּבּוֹר מַשְׁכִּיל according to Mas. (van d. H. Baer Gi), cf. 𝔙, i.e. a child-slaying warrior; but שׁ׳ Hiph. elsewhere only Hoshea 9:14, of miscarriage; 𝔊 𝔖 Ew and most mod. (Gf Gie Rothst) read מַשְׂכִּיל, either skilful or fortunate.

prosper, have success (cf. Dr Shmuel Alef 18:5): abs. Shmuel Alef 18:15; Yeshaya 52:13; Yirmiya 10:21; Yirmiya 20:11; Yirmiya 23:5; Yehoshua 1:8 (D); c. ב, v Yehoshua 1:7 (D) Shmuel Alef 18:5, Shmuel Alef 18:14 (read בְּכָל־ for לְכָל־ Vrss Th HPS al.), cf. Melachim Beis 18:7; c. אֶל, Mishlei 17:8.

cause to prosper: Devarim 29:8; Melachim Alef 2:3 (D).

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שֵׂ֫כֶל

n.m. prudence, insight;—שֵׂ֫׳ abs. Tehillim 111:10 +, cstr. Mishlei 19:11 +; שֶׂ׳ abs. Shmuel Alef 25:3 +; שָׂ֑כֶל Iyov 17:4; sf. שִׂכְלוֹ Mishlei 12:8; Daniel 8:25;—

prudence, good sense: טוֹבַת שׂ׳ woman of good sense Shmuel Alef 25:3.

insight, understanding: ‖ בִינָה Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:12; Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:11, cf. Iyov 17:4; שׂ׳ טוֹב Mishlei 3:4; Mishlei 13:15 Tehillim 111:10; Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:22; אִישׁ שׂ׳ Ezra 8:18; יוֹעֵץ בְּשׂ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:14; מְקוֹר חַיִּים שׂ׳ בְּעָלָיו Mishlei 16:22; restrains from anger Mishlei 19:11, wins praise Mishlei 12:8, fool despises שׂ׳ מִלִּים Mishlei 23:9; שׂוֹם שׂ׳ Nechemia 8:8 (‖ הֵבִין) set forth (the) understanding (i.e. the meaning).

bad sense, cunning, craft, Daniel 8:25.

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שָׂכַל²

vb.

lay crosswise (so, and not √ I. שׂ׳, 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 𝔗 Jon and mod., cf. Arabic شَكَلَ bind legs of beast, plait locks of hair);—Pf. 3 ms. שִׂכֵּל אֶת־יָדָיו Breishis 48:14 (J); Thes Dr, however, prudentes fecit, from √ I. שׂ׳.

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שִׂכְלוּת

Koheles 1:17 v. סִכְלוּת.

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שָׂכַר

vb. hire (NH id.; Sab. תשכר hire oneself out(?), recompense(?) DHM^{Hofmus. 11}; Ethiopic ሥኩር: hired; Arabic شَكَرَ reward, thank, mod. Pal. شكارة hired, of land ploughed by hire, Bergheim^{PEQ 1894, 196}; Palm. שכרא perhaps rewarding Lzb³⁷⁵);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׂ׳ Devarim 23:5, ס׳ Ezra 4:5 sf. שְׂכָרוֹ Nechemia 6:12; 1 s. sf. שְׂכַרְתִּיךָ Breishis 30:16; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׂכֹּר Shoftim 9:4 +, etc.; Inf. abs. שָׂכֹר Breishis 30:16; cstr. לִשְׂכֹּר Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:6; Pt. act. שׂבֵר Mishlei 26:10^(×2), pl. שׂכְרִים Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:12 (Ezra 4:5 v. ii. סבר); pass. שָׂכוּר Nechemia 6:13;—hire, retainers Shoftim 9:4 (ב pret.), soldiers, etc. Shmuel Beis 10:6 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:6, Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:7; Melachim Beis 7:6; Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:6 (ב pret.), priest Shoftim 18:4, artificers Yeshaya 46:6; Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:12, husband’s favour שָׂכֹר שְׂכַרְתִּיךָ Breishis 30:16 (J; ב pret.); Mishlei 26:10^(×2) obscure, v. De Now Toy; for evil purpose Devarim 23:5 = Nechemia 13:2 (עַל against), Nechemia 6:12, Nechemia 6:13.

hire oneself out, Pf. בַּלֶּחֶם נִשְׂכָּ֑רוּ Shmuel Alef 2:5.

earn wages, Pt. הַמִּשְׂתַּכֵּר Chaggai 1:6 (as subst.), מ׳ v Chaggai 1:6 (as vb., + אֶל loc., constr. praegn.).

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שֶׂ֫כֶר

n.[m.] hire, wages;—abs. עֹשֵׂי שׂ׳ Yeshaya 19:10 (= שָׂכִיר; cstr. Mishlei 11:18.

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שָׂכָר

n.m. ^{Yechezkel 29:18} hire, wages, only sg., not c. art.;—abs. שׂ׳ Bamidbar 18:31 +, cstr. שְׂכַר Devarim 15:18 +, sf. שְׂכָרִי Breishis 30:18 +, etc.;—

wages, of servant, Breishis 30:28, Breishis 30:32, Breishis 30:33 (J), Breishis 31:8^(×2); Shemos 2:9 (all E), Devarim 15:18 (שְׂ׳ שָׂכִיר), Devarim 24:15; Melachim Alef 5:20; Zecharia 8:10; Malachi 3:5 (שְׂ׳ שָׂכִיר); soldiers Yechezkel 29:18, Yechezkel 29:19; shepherd (symb.) Zecharia 11:12^(×2); beast Shemos 22:14 (E), Zecharia 8:10.

= reward, for work done, faithfulness, etc., Breishis 15:1 (JE), Breishis 30:18 (E) in expl. of name יששכר, Bamidbar 18:31 (P), כִּי יֵשׁ שׂ׳ לִפְעֻלָּתֵךְ Yirmiya 31:16 (cf. Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:7), Yeshaya 40:10 = Yeshaya 62:11 (fig. of reward of י׳’s labours), Tehillim 127:3; Koheles 4:9; Koheles 9:5.

passage-money, fare, Yonah 1:3.

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שָׂכָר²

n.pr.m.

father of hero of Dvd. Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:35, Αχαρ, A Σαχαρ, (‖ שָׁרָר Shmuel Beis 23:33).

doorkeeper Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:4, Σαχαρ.

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שָׂכִיר

adj. hired;—abs. שׂ׳ Shemos 12:45 +, f. שְׂכִירָה Yeshaya 7:20; cstr. שְׂכִיר Vayikra 25:53; sf. שְׂכִירְךָ v Vayikra 25:6; pl. sf. שְׂכִרֶיהָ Yirmiya 46:21;—

hired, of beast Shemos 22:14 (E), razor Yeshaya 7:20 (fig.).

usually as subst. hireling, hired labourer Devarim 15:18; Devarim 24:14; Vayikra 19:13; Vayikra 22:10; Vayikra 25:6, Vayikra 25:40, Vayikra 25:53 (all H), Shemos 12:45; Vayikra 25:50 (both P), Malachi 3:5; Iyov 7:1, Iyov 7:2; Iyov 14:6; כִּשְׁנֵי שׂ׳ Yeshaya 16:14 years like a hireling’s years (reckoned strictly), so Yeshaya 21:16; mercenaries Yirmiya 46:21.

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שְׂלָו

n.f. ^{Shemos 16:13} quail (prob. foreign word; Arabic سَلْوَى, Syriac ܣܰܠܘܰܝ, Sam. ࠔࠋࠅࠉ );—quail, coturnix communis vel vulgaris (Tristr^{NHB 229 ff. FFP 124} Post^Hast.^{DB. quail}, Di Shemos 16:13):—abs. coll. Bamidbar 11:32 (J); Shemos 16:13 (P), Tehillim 105:40 (in all Qr שְׂלָיו); pl. שַׂלְוִים Bamidbar 11:31 (J; as if from sg. שַׂלְוֶה).

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שַׂלְמָא

i. שַׂלְמָה v. שַׂלְמוֹן.

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שַׂלְמָה

= שִׂמְלָה v. sub שׂמל.

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שַׂלְמַי

n.pr.m. head of post-ex. family;—שׁ׳ Ezra 2:46 Qr (Kt. שׂמלי [cf. NH n.pr. שִׂמְלַי Dalman, Liḥy. שמל DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. Ar. No. 13}]; so Baer; van d. H. Gi Qr שַׁלְמַי; Σαμααν, A𝔊L Σελαμ(ε)ι) = שַׂלְמָ֑י Nechemia 7:47 (Σελαμει; א Σαμαει).

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שְׂמֹאל

(Baer Yehoshua 1:7)₅₄ n.[m.] the left (NH id.; Assyrian šumêlu; Arabic شِمَالٌ (also شَمَالٌ and شَأْمَلٌ, شَامَلٌ north wind); Old Aramaic שמאל, Palm. (sf.) סמלך; Syriac ܣܶܡܳܠܴܐ; √ dub., שאם + ל Nö ^{M 128} Hom^{A. u. A. i. (1892), 21} Kö^{ii. 1. 143, 405}; (v. also Thes Dietr^{Wortforschung 234}), cf. Arabic شأم be unlucky, شَأْمَةٌ left, شَأَم, شَام north; Sab. שאם north, unlucky DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 29; Epigr. Denkm. Ar. Nos. 6. 7}; other views in Sta^{§ 299} Lag^{BN 116});—שְׂמֹאל abs. Breishis 13:9 +, cstr. Breishis 48:13; Melachim Beis 23:8; שְׂמֹאול abs. Bamidbar 20:17 +; sf. שְׂמֹאלֶ֑ךָ Shmuel Beis 2:21, שְׂמֹאלוֹ Breishis 48:13 +, etc.;—opp. יָמִין except Breishis 14:15; Shoftim 19:27; Melachim Beis 23:8;—

left, region on the left, Breishis 13:9 (J); on the left is עַל־שׂ׳ Melachim Beis 23:8; Yechezkel 16:46; Zecharia 4:3, Zecharia 4:11, עַל־הַשּׂ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:29 cf. Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:18, also מִשּׂ׳ (a sinistra) Shemos 14:22, Shemos 14:29 (P), Shmuel Beis 16:6 + 7 times + מֵהַשּׂ׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:17; Yechezkel 1:10, לִשׂ׳; Koheles 10:2, שׂ׳ alone Iyov 23:9; toward the left is עַל־שׂ׳ Breishis 24:49 (J), Shmuel Beis 2:21; Zecharia 12:6, עַל־הַשּׂ׳ Shmuel Beis 2:19, שׂ׳ alone Shmuel Alef 6:12; Yeshaya 9:20 + 13 times

יַד־שׂ׳ left hand, Shoftim 3:21; Shoftim 7:20, so שׂ׳ alone Breishis 48:13^(×2), Breishis 48:14 (E), Shoftim 16:29; Yechezkel 39:3; Yonah 4:11; Mishlei 3:16; Daniel 12:7; Shir HaShirim 2:6; Shir HaShirim 8:3.

= north (on left of one facing east, cf. אָתוֹר d, יָמִין 4, קֶדֶם 1 b) Breishis 14:15; Yehoshua 19:27 (P); cf. Yechezkel 16:46.

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שָׂמַח

vb. rejoice, be glad (NH id.; cf. perhaps Assyrian šamâḫu, flourish, Arabic شَمَخَ be high, proud; Pun. n.pr. f. שמחת);—

Pf. 3 ms. שָׂמַח Tehillim 16:9 +; וְשָׂמֵ֑חַ consec. Mishlei 29:6; 3 fs. שָׂמֵ֑חָה Esther 8:15; 2 ms. וְשָׂמַחְתָּ֫ Devarim 12:18 +; 3 mpl. שָׂמֵ֑חוּ Nechemia 12:43, etc.; Impf. יִשְׂמַח Yeshaya 9:16 +, 3 mpl. יִשְׂמָ֑חוּ Yeshaya 65:13 Tehillim 69:33, Tehillim 69:3 fpl. תִּשְׂמַחְנָה Shmuel Beis 1:20, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׂמַח Devarim 33:18 +, fs. שִׂמְחִי Tzefania 3:14 +, שְׂמָ֑חִי Yoel 2:21, etc.; Inf. cstr. שְׂמֹחַ Yechezkel 35:14 +, etc.; Pt. v. שָׂמֵחַ adj.;—24 times ‖ גיל, less often ‖ רָנַן, עָלַז, שִׂישׂ, etc.;—

in common life:

rejoice, c. ב pers. vel rei take pleasure in Shoftim 9:19^(×2); Devarim 33:18; Koheles 3:22 + 7 times + (prob.) בְּכָל־יָמֵינוּ Tehillim 90:14 (others ב temp.), cf. Koheles 11:8; עַל pers. Yeshaya 39:2 + ‖ Melachim Beis 20:13 (וישׂמח for MT וישׁמע Vrss mod.), עַל rei Yonah 4:6; Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:15; c. cl. temp. Yirmiya 41:13 + 6 times + (of heart) Mishlei 23:15, in one’s heart Shemos 4:14 (J); c. כִּי because Yeshaya 14:29 + 3 times; c. אֵת with Yeshaya 66:10; c. מִן pers. get pleasure from Mishlei 5:18; abs. Shmuel Alef 11:9; Koheles 3:12; Mishlei 13:9 (fig. of prosperity; subj. אוֹר; opp. דָּעַךְ), + 8 times; c. ל rei at Iyov 21:12.

rejoice arrogantly, exult at, ל pers., Micha 7:8; Yeshaya 14:8; Ovadia 1:12 Tehillim 35:19, Tehillim 35:24; Tehillim 38:17, c. אֶל־ rei Yechezkel 25:6, ב rei Iyov 31:29 Tehillim 35:15; Mishlei 24:17; abs. Hoshea 9:1 (+ אֶל־גִּיל), Shmuel Beis 1:20 + 3 times, + (said of righteous by Eliphaz) Iyov 22:19.

rejoice religiously, c. ב rei Shmuel Alef 2:1; Devarim 12:7 Tehillim 21:2 + 7 times; c. בי׳, etc., Yoel 2:23 Tehillim 32:11 + 10 times ψψ + Tehillim 9:3 (+ אֶעֶלְצָה בָ֑ךְ); c. עַל rei Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:36, עַל inf. Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:9; c. לְמַעַן rei Tehillim 48:12; c. כִּי because Tehillim 119:74; abs. Zecharia 2:14; Zecharia 4:10; Yoel 2:21; Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:9 (c. acc. cogn.), Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:31 (of heavens) = Tehillim 96:11, Tehillim 97:1 (isles) + 18 times (12 times ψψ), + (of heart) Zecharia 10:7 Tehillim 16:9; Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:10, בְּכָל־לֵב Tzefania 3:14 (cf. Shemos 4:14 1 a supr.); c. לִפְנֵי י׳ Yeshaya 9:2 and (of joyous feasting etc., at sanctuary) Vayikra 23:40 (H), Devarim 12:12, Devarim 12:18; Devarim 16:11; Devarim 27:7, cf. Devarim 14:26; Shmuel Alef 11:15.

subj. י׳, c. עַל pers. Yeshaya 9:16 (‖ רחם; Perles^{RÉJ xxxv. 63} be gentle, Arabic سَمُحَ), ב rei Tehillim 104:31.

Pf. 3 ms. וְשִׂמַּח consec. Devarim 24:5, sf. שִׂמְּחָהוּ Yirmiya 20:15, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׂמַּח Tehillim 104:15 +, etc.; Imv. ms. שַׂמֵּחַ Tehillim 86:4, שַׂמַּח Mishlei 27:11, etc.; Inf. abs. שַׂמֵּחַ Yirmiya 20:15; Pt. מְשַׂמֵּחַ Shoftim 9:13, pl. cstr. מְשַׂמְּחֵי Tehillim 19:9;—cause to rejoice, gladden, c. acc. pers. (or equiv.), subj. pers. Devarim 24:5; Yirmiya 20:15 (+ Inf. abs.), Mishlei 10:1; Mishlei 15:20; Mishlei 27:11; Mishlei 29:3 (Hoshea 7:3 v. משׁח 2); especially subj. י׳ (God) Yirmiya 31:13 (c. מִן separ.) Yeshaya 56:7; Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:27 (c. מִן of source, v. Qal 1 a), Ezra 6:22; Nechemia 12:43 (+ acc. cogn.) Tehillim 86:4; Tehillim 90:15; Tehillim 92:5 (ב instr.), also, c. ל pers. cause to exult at Tehillim 30:2, id. c. עַל pers. Eicha 2:17; subj. rei Shoftim 9:13 Tehillim 19:9; Tehillim 45:9; Tehillim 46:5; Tehillim 104:15; Koheles 10:19; Mishlei 12:25; Mishlei 15:30; Mishlei 27:9.

= Pi. Pf. 2 ms. הִשְׂמַחְתָּ Tehillim 89:43 (subj. י׳).

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שָׂמֵחַ

adj.verb. glad, joyful, merry;—abs. שׂ׳ Devarim 16:15 +, f. שְׂמֵחָה Tehillim 119:9; pl. שְׂמֵחִים Melachim Alef 1:45 +, cstr. שִׂמְחֵי Yeshaya 24:17, שְׂמֵחֵי Tehillim 35:26;—

as adj. joyful, shewing joy, Melachim Alef 1:45; Esther 5:9 (+ טוֹב לֵב), v Esther 5:14; אֵם שְׂמֵחָה Tehillim 113:9; לֵב שׂ׳ Mishlei 15:13; Mishlei 17:22; at feast of tab. Devarim 16:15, in thankfulness to י׳ Tehillim 126:3 (both pred. c. הָיָה), Melachim Alef 8:66 (+ טוֹבֵי לֵב) = Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:10.

= pt. Melachim Alef 1:40 (‖ מְחַלְּלִים piping), Melachim Alef 4:20; Melachim Beis 11:14 (+ תֹּקֵעַ ב) = Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:13, מִן rei Koheles 2:10.

as subst. הַשׂ׳ Amos 6:13 (+ ל rei), Mishlei 2:14 (ל inf.), Iyov 3:22 (+ אֱלֵי־גִיל; ‖ יָשִׂישׂוּ); שִׂמְחֵי־לֵב Yeshaya 24:7; of malicious joy שׂ׳ Mishlei 17:5 (ל rei), שְׂמֵחֵי רָעָתִי Tehillim 35:26.

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שִׂמְחָה

n.f. joy, gladness, mirth;—abs. שׂ׳ Breishis 31:37 +, cstr. שִׂמְחַת Yeshaya 9:2 +; sf. שִׂמְחָתִי Tehillim 137:6, etc.; pl. שְׂמָחוֹת Tehillim 16:11, -ת֗ Tehillim 45:16;—

mirth, gladness, e.g. in festivity, Breishis 31:27 (E), Tehillim 137:3, Tehillim 137:6, Melachim Alef 1:40; Shmuel Alef 18:6; Yeshaya 9:2^(×2); Yeshaya 16:10 Tehillim 45:16; יוֹם מִשְׁתֶּה וְשׂ׳ Esther 9:17, Esther 9:18, Esther 9:22 cf. (יוֹם om.) v Esther 9:19 (+ יוֹם טוֹב), v Esther 9:22 (‖ יוֹם טוֹב), + 5 times, + קוֹל שׂ׳ Yirmiya 7:34 = Yirmiya 16:9 = Yirmiya 25:10 = Yirmiya 33:11; joy of heart Mishlei 14:10, Mishlei 14:13; Koheles 5:19; Shir HaShirim 3:11, cf. (of inward joy) Yonah 4:6; Mishlei 15:23; Mishlei 21:15; = gaiety, pleasure Yeshaya 22:13; Koheles 2:1, Koheles 2:2, Koheles 2:10; Koheles 8:15; Koheles 9:7, בֵּית שׂ׳ Koheles 7:4; שׂ׳ חָנֵף Iyov 20:5, of foolish Mishlei 15:21; Mishlei 21:17; malicious joy Yechezkel 35:15 (ל rei), so שׂ׳ כָּל־לֵבָב Yechezkel 36:5.

₄₆ (especially ψψ Chr) religious: Shmuel Beis 6:12 ‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:16, Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:25; Yoel 1:16 +; יוֹם שׂ׳ Bamidbar 10:10 (P); עָשָׂה שׂ׳ i.e. make a (sacred) festivity Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:23; Nechemia 8:12; Nechemia 12:27; שִׂמְחַת עוֹלָם Yeshaya 35:10 = Yeshaya 51:11; Yeshaya 61:7; שׂ׳ c. עַל pers. Nechemia 12:44; joy of heart Yeshaya 30:29; Yirmiya 15:16; as gift of י׳ Tehillim 4:8; Tehillim 21:7 + 7 times + (in mockery) Yeshaya 66:5.

joy of י׳ Tzefania 3:17.

glad result, happy issue Tehillim 106:5 (‖ טוֹבָה), Mishlei 10:28; Mishlei 12:20 (Gr. אֱמֻנָה, Toy מִשְׁפָּט; opp. מִרְמָה).

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שִׂמְלָה

n.f. wrapper, mantle;—abs. שׂ׳ Breishis 9:23 +, cstr. שִׂמְלַת Devarim 21:13; Devarim 22:5; sf. שִׂמְלָֽתְךָ Devarim 8:4, etc.; pl. שְׂמָלֹת Breishis 45:22^(×2) +, sf. שִׂמְלֹתָם Breishis 44:13 +, etc.;—wrapper, mantle (of man or [Rus 3:3 +] woman), usually square piece of cloth worn as outer garment (v. Mackie^{Hast.DB i. 625}; Benz^{Ency. Bib. iii. 2932}), Breishis 35:2 Shemos 22:26 (both E), Devarim 8:4; Devarim 10:18; Devarim 21:13; Devarim 22:3; Yeshaya 3:6, Yeshaya 3:7; Yeshaya 9:4; Shmuel Beis 12:20 Kt, Rus 3:3 Kt (Qr in both pl.); as covering in sleep Breishis 9:23 (J; cf. Shemos 22:26), bed-covering Devarim 22:17; covering or receptacle for articles Shemos 12:34 (E), Shoftim 8:25 Shmuel Alef 21:10, cf. Mishlei 30:4; more gen. garment, Devarim 22:5, clothes (pl.) Breishis 37:34; Breishis 44:13 (J), Breishis 41:14 Shemos 19:10, Shemos 19:14 (all E), Yehoshua 7:6 (JE), Yeshaya 4:1; as costly gifts Breishis 45:22^(×2) Shemos 3:22; Shemos 12:35 (all E).

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שַׂמְלָה

n.pr.m. kg. of Edom Breishis 36:36, Breishis 36:37 (P; Σαμ(α)λα) = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:47, Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:48 (Σαμαα, Σαβαα).

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שַׂלְמָה²

n.f.id.(transp. from שִׂמְלָה);—abs. שׂ׳ Shemos 22:8 +, cstr. שַׂלְמַת v Shemos 22:25; sf. שַׂלְמָתוֹ Devarim 24:13; pl. שְׂלָמוֹת Yehoshua 9:5 +, sf. שַׂלְמֹתֵיהֶם v Yehoshua 9:13, etc.;—garment (of man or [Shir HaShirim 4:11] woman): outer garment Shemos 22:8, Shemos 22:25 (E), Yehoshua 9:5, Yehoshua 9:13 (JE), Devarim 24:13; Melachim Alef 11:29, Melachim Alef 11:30 Tehillim 104:2 (fig.); in gen. clothes (pl.) Devarim 29:4; Nechemia 9:21; Iyov 9:31; Shir HaShirim 4:11; as costly gifts Melachim Alef 10:25 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:24; as booty Yehoshua 22:8 (late).—Micha 2:8 read prob. שֹׁלְמֹה (Roorda, RS^{Proph. vii. N. 4}), or שֹׁלְמִים (We Now GASm), him (those) at pease (with him), cf. 𝔊𝔖.

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שְׂמָמִית

n.f. a kind of lizard (so 𝔊 𝔙 𝔗 Vayikra 11:30 cf. Str Pr (also on שׂ > שׁ));—abs. שׂ׳ Mishlei 30:28 (cf. Shipley-Cook^{Ency.Bib. Lizard}).

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שָׂנֵא

vb. hate (NH id.; MI⁴ שנאי my foes; Sab. שנאם foe Sab.Denkm^{No. 12, l, 9} cf. Ib.^{No. 7, l. 9} CIS^{iv, No. 173, l. 6}; Arabic شنأ, شَنَىَٔ, hate; Aramaic סְנָא, ܣܢܳܐ, id., סָנְאָה, ܣܳܢܳܐܐ hater, etc.; Ethiopic hate is ጸልአ: );—

Pf. 3 ms. שׂ׳ Devarim 12:31 +, sf. שְׂנֵאָהּ Shmuel Beis 13:15 +; 2 ms. שָׂנֵאתָ Tehillim 5:6 +, sf. שְׂנֵאתַ֫נִי Shoftim 14:16, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׂנָא Mishlei 13:5; Mishlei 26:28, sf. יִשְׂנָאֶ֑ךָּ Mishlei 9:8, etc.; Imv. mpl. שִׂנְאוּ Amos 5:15 Tehillim 97:10; Inf. abs. שָׂנֹא Shoftim 15:2; cstr. שְׂנֹא Breishis 37:5 +, שְׂנֹאת Mishlei 8:13; Pt. act. שֹׂנֵא Devarim 4:42 +, שֹׂנַאֲךָ Shemos 23:5 Mishlei 25:21; pl. cstr. שֹׂנְאֵי Shemos 18:21 +, etc.; pass. fs. שְׂנוּאָה Breishis 29:31 +; mpl. cstr. שְׂנֻאֵי Shmuel Beis 5:8 Qr (> Kt שָֽׂנְאוּ);—hate (often opp. אָהֵב):

human;

c. acc. pers. Breishis 26:27 (J), Breishis 37:5, Breishis 26:8 (E), Shoftim 11:7; Shmuel Beis 13:22; Amos 5:10 (‖ תֵּעֵב) + 17 times (evil-doers †Tehillim 26:5; Tehillim 31:7; Tehillim 139:21), + (obj. wife) Shoftim 14:16; Shoftim 15:2^(×2); + pt. pass., of wife, †Breishis 29:31^(×2) (J), Devarim 21:15^(×2), Devarim 21:16, Devarim 21:17, cf. Mishlei 30:23; fig. of Zion Yeshaya 60:15 (+ עֲזוּבָה); specif. of sexual revulsion †Shmuel Beis 13:15^(×2) (+ acc. cogn.), Devarim 22:13, Devarim 22:16; Devarim 24:3; so, obj. man (of Jerus. under fig. of harlot) †Yechezkel 16:37; pass. שְׂנֻאֵי נֶפֶשׁ דָּוִד Shmuel Beis 5:8 (but v. obscure); reflex. (acc. נַפְשׁוֹ) †Mishlei 29:24, abs. †Koheles 3:8.

c. acc. rei, Yechezkel 35:6 (but read בְּדָם אָשַׁמְתָּ 𝔊 𝔖 Co Berthol Toy), Koheles 2:17, Koheles 2:18, especially evil Shemos 18:21 (E), Micha 3:2 Tehillim 45:7 + 10 times, virtue, etc. Micha 3:2 Mishlei 1:22 + 4 times

subj. י׳; obj. perverse Isr. †Amos 6:8 (its palaces), Hoshea 9:15 Yirmiya 12:8; wickedness Tehillim 5:6; Tehillim 11:5; idolatry and evil Amos 5:21 Yeshaya 1:14; Yeshaya 61:8; Yirmiya 44:4; Malachi 2:16 + 5 times

Pt.act.₅₄ as adj. Yeshaya 66:5 (as vb. c. 1 s. pron. Yeshaya 61:8, 2 supr.); usually subst., Mishlei 13:24 one hating his son (opp. אֹהֵב); elsewhere = enemy, foe (usually cstr. or c. sf.), sg. and pl. (often ‖ אֹיֵב, sometimes opp. אֹהֵב): foe of man Shemos 23:5 (E), Breishis 24:60 (J), Vayikra 26:17 (H) +, nation Shemos 1:10 (E), Esther 9:1, Esther 9:5, Esther 9:16 +, abs. Mishlei 26:24; Mishlei 27:6, (c. 31 times in all); + לֹא שֹׂנֵא c. ל pers., a no-hater to one Devarim 4:42; Devarim 19:4, Devarim 19:6; Yehoshua 20:5, and (without לֹא) Devarim 19:11; foe of good Micha 3:2, cf. Iyov 34:17 + 3 times, of evil †Shemos 18:21; Mishlei 28:1, cf. Mishlei 15:27; of suretyship †Mishlei 11:15 (i.e. not giving it); foes of י׳ †Shemos 20:5 = Devarim 5:9; Devarim 7:10^(×2); Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:2.

Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׂנֵא Mishlei 14:17 is hated, so v Mishlei 14:20 (+ ל pers. by, v. לְ 5 d).

Pt. sf. מְשַׂנְאִי Iyov 31:29; Tehillim 55:13; pl. cstr. מְשַׂנְאֵי Tehillim 81:16; sf. מְשַׂנְאַי Shmuel Beis 22:41 +, etc.;—enemy (Qal 3) ‖ אֹיֵב, צָר, etc.:

personal and national, Iyov 31:29 Devarim 33:11 (poem), Shmuel Beis 22:41 = Tehillim 18:41, Tehillim 44:8, Tehillim 44:11; Tehillim 55:13; Tehillim 68:2; Tehillim 89:24.

of י׳ Bamidbar 10:35 (J), Devarim 32:41 (poem), Tehillim 81:16; Tehillim 83:3; Tehillim 139:21.

of wisdom Mishlei 8:36.

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שִׂנְאָה

n.f. hating, hatred;—abs. שׂ׳ Bamidbar 35:20 +, cstr. שִׂנְאַת Devarim 1:27; Mishlei 25:10; sf. שִׂנְאָתֶיךָ; Yechezkel 35:11 (pl. -אֹתֶיךָ prob. meant, Kö^{ii. 1, § 88} cf. Ol^{§ 131 k}, but < read שִׂנְאָֽתְךָ 𝔊 Co Berthol Toy, cf. Ges^{§ 91: l}), etc.;—hatred (sometimes opp. אַהֲבָה):

human, Bamidbar 35:20 (P), Yechezkel 23:29; Yechezkel 35:11 Mishlei 10:12, Mishlei 10:18; Mishlei 15:17; Mishlei 26:26 Tehillim 109:5 Koheles 9:1, Koheles 9:6; דִּבְרֵי שׂ׳ Tehillim 109:3; emphatic, שִׂנְאַת חָמָס Tehillim 25:19, תַּכְלִית שׂ׳ Tehillim 139:22 (against י׳’s foes), also (of sexual revulsion) שׂ׳ גְּדוֹלָה Shmuel Beis 13:15 (all acc. cogn.).

י׳’s hating, as vb., c. acc. pers., Devarim 1:27; Devarim 9:28.

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שְׂנִיר

n.pr.mont. Σανειρ: Amorite name of Ḥermon Devarim 3:9, whence came cypress-trees Yechezkel 27:5, prob. northern peak(s) of Ḥ. Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:23 Shir HaShirim 4:8 (where + חֶרְמוֹן); so Arabic سنير, Abulf^{ed. Par. 68}, Syriac ܣܢܺܝܪ, Ecclus 24:13 al., Assyrian Saniru COT Devarim 3:9 Dl^{Pa 104}. Vid. also Dr Devarim 3:9 Buhl^{Geogr. 110 f. and reff.} [van d. H. erron. שׁ׳ Dt Ct].

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שֵׂעָר

n.m.Vayikra 13:3 hair;—abs. שׂ׳ Breishis 25:25 +, cstr. שְׂעַר Shoftim 16:22 +, שַׂ֫עַר Yeshaya 7:20 (Ges^{§ 93 hh} Kö^{ii. 1. 78}); sf. שְׂעָרֵךְ Yechezkel 16:7, שַׂעֲרֵךְ Shir HaShirim 4:1, Shir HaShirim 6:5 (Kö^l.c.); שְׂעָרוֹ Vayikra 14:8 +, שְׂעָרָהּ v Vayikra 14:20, שְׂעָרָהֿ v Vayikra 14:4 (Ges^{§ 91 e});—hair:

of animals, as material, אַדֶּרֶת שׂ׳ Breishis 25:25 (J), Zecharia 13:4; prob. also אִישׁ בַּעַל שׂ׳ Melachim Beis 1:8 i.e. a man with a garment of skin.

human: שׂ׳ רֹאשׁוֹ Shoftim 16:22 Shmuel Beis 14:26 Bamidbar 6:5 (P), cf. v Bamidbar 6:18 (P); + beard Ezra 9:3; קָדְקֹד שׂ׳ Tehillim 68:22; incl. head, beard, eyebrows Vayikra 14:8, Vayikra 14:9, Vayikra 14:10 (P); שׂ׳ הָרַגְלַיִם Yeshaya 7:20 (i.e. of genitals; + רֹאשׁ, זָקָן; in fig.) long hair of woman Yechezkel 16:7 Shir HaShirim 4:1; Shir HaShirim 6:5; hair of skin in (leprosy-) marks Vayikra 13:3 + 10 times Vayikra 13:13 (P).

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שַׂ֫עַר

n.[m.] horror (proposes bristling);—שׂ׳ abs., as acc. cogn. Yechezkel 27:35; Yechezkel 32:10 v. foregoing; cf. אָֽחֲזוּ שׂ׳ Iyov 18:20 (‖ נָשַׁמּוּ עַל).

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שָׂעִיר

n.m.Bamidbar 15:24 he-goat, buck (hairy one; NH id.);—abs. שׂ׳ Vayikra 4:24 +, cstr. שְׂעִיר Bamidbar 7:16 +; pl. שְׂעִירִם Vayikra 16:7, Vayikra 16:8; cstr. שְׂעִירֵי v Vayikra 16:5 Bamidbar 7:87;—he-goat, usually שְׂעִיר(־)עִזִּים buck of goats (v. עֵז p. 777): Breishis 37:31 (J), Yechezkel 43:22; Yechezkel 45:23 Vayikra 4:23; Vayikra 9:3; Vayikra 23:19 + 20 times Nu (all P); שְׂעִירֵי ע׳ Vayikra 16:5 Bamidbar 7:87 (P); שׂ׳ alone = he-goat Vayikra 4:24 + 11 times Vayikra 16 (P); שְׂעִיר (הַ)חַטָּאת he-goat for sin-offering Yechezkel 43:25 Vayikra 9:15 + 9 times Lv Nu; שְׂעִירֵי הַח׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:23; in Daniel 8:21 הַשּׂ׳ is prob. gloss to הַצָּפִיר (cf. Dr).

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שָׂעִיר²

n.m. satyr, demon (with he-goat’s form, or feet; NH id.; cf. Baud^{Stud. i. 136 ff.}; hairy demons We^{Skizzen iii. 135; Heid. 152} RS^{Sem 113, 423; 2nd ed. 120, 441}); abs. שׂ׳ Yeshaya 34:14 inhabiting desolate ruins, so pl. שְׂעִירִים Yeshaya 13:21; name for idols Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:15 and (שְׂעִרִם) Vayikra 17:7 (H); prob. also בָּמוֹת הַשּׂ׳ Melachim Beis 23:8 (MT הַשְּׁעָרִים) Hoffm^{ZAW ii (1882), 175} SS Kmp Klo Kit Benz Bur.

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שְׂעֹרָה

n.f. barley (bearded grain; 𝔊 κριθή, 𝔙 hordeum; NH id.; Sab. שערם Glass in Fell^{ZMG liv (1900), 256}, Arabic شَعِيرٌ; Old Aramaic שערה, 𝔗 סְעָרְתָא; Syriac ܣܥܳܪܬܳܐ; Di²⁶⁰ cp. Ethiopic ሥርናይ wheat, grain);—abs. שׂ׳ Shemos 9:31 +; usually pl. שְׂעֹרִים Hoshea 3:2 +;—barley, common grain (often ‖ חִטָּה, etc.):

growing, standing, sg. Shemos 9:31^(×2) (J), Devarim 8:8 Iyov 31:40 Yoel 1:11, as sown Yeshaya 28:25; standing, pl. Shmuel Beis 14:30 שְׂעוֹ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:13, reaped קְצִיר (הַ)שְׂעֹרִים Shmuel Beis 21:9 Rus 1:22; Rus 2:23, גֹּרֶן הַשּׂ׳ Rus 3:2.

pl., the grains, measured, cooked, etc.: Hoshea 3:2^(×2) Yechezkel 4:9; Yechezkel 13:19; Yechezkel 45:13 Melachim Beis 7:1, Melachim Beis 7:16, Melachim Beis 7:18 Yirmiya 41:8 Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:9, Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:14; Divrei HaYamim Beis 27:5 Rus 2:17; Rus 3:15, Rus 3:17, Shmuel Beis 17:28 Melachim Alef 5:8 (food for horses); זֶרַע חֹמֶר שׂ׳ Vayikra 27:16 (P); קֶמַח שׂ׳ Bamidbar 5:15, לֶחֶם שׂ׳ Shoftim 7:13 Melachim Beis 4:42, עֻגַת שׂ׳ Yechezkel 4:12.

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שֵׂעִיר

n.pr. Sēʿîr (= שָׂעִיר goat? cf. Gray^{Prop. N. 94}; but note play in שֵׂעָר Breishis 25:25, שָׂעִר Breishis 27:11, Breishis 27:23; Nö^{ZMG xl (1886), 165; Ency. Bib. ii. 1183} cp. n.pr. mont. الاشعر (the ‘hairy,’ i.e. ‘well-wooded,’ cf. شَعَارٌ trees), n.pr.gent. (orig.n.pr.loc.) أَلَاشْعَرُ; Lag^{BN 92} thinks שׂ׳ orig.n.pr.m., but land much earlier in OT; perhaps = TelAm. land Šêri, Zim^{ZA vi (1891), 257} Jastr^{JBL xi (1892), 114} Wkl^{TelAm. 181, 26} Buhl^{Edom. 28 f.});—

Σηειρ:

terr. land of Edom, S. of Dead Sea, אַ֫רְצָה שׂ׳ Breishis 32:4 (J; ‖ שְׂדֵה אֱדוֹם), cf. Breishis 36:30 (P); שׂ׳ alone Shoftim 5:4 (poem; ‖ id.), Bamidbar 24:18 (JE; ‖ אֱדוֹם), Devarim 1:44; Devarim 2:4, Devarim 2:8, Devarim 2:12, Devarim 2:22, Devarim 2:29; Devarim 33:2 Yehoshua 11:17 (D), Yeshaya 21:11 Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:23; c. ה loc. שֵׂעִ֫ירָה Breishis 33:14, Breishis 33:16 (J), Yehoshua 12:7 (D).

specif. mont. E. of Arabah, הַר־שׂ׳ Yehoshua 24:4 (E), Breishis 36:8, Breishis 36:9 (P), Devarim 1:2; Devarim 2:1, Devarim 2:5 Yechezkel 35:2, Yechezkel 35:3, Yechezkel 35:7, Yechezkel 35:15 Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:42; Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:10, Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:22, Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:23; cf. הַרֲרָם שׂ׳ Breishis 14:6 (home of הַחֹרִי; on text v. Buhl^{Edom. 28} Gunk Gn).

gent. Yechezkel 25:8 = Edom [van d. H. שׁ׳]; but del. 𝔊^B Hi Co Berthol Toy Krae.

personif. as m. in בְּנֵי־שׂ׳ (v. חֹרִי p. 360; cf. Breishis 14:6) Breishis 36:20 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:38, Breishis 36:21 (P; + בְּאֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם); = Edomites Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:11, Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:14 (‖ אֱדוֹמִים).

mont. in Judah, הַר־שׂ׳ Yehoshua 15:10 (P), Ασσαρ, A Σηειρ, 𝔊L Σιειρ; Di Buhl^{G. 91} al. cp. hill-ruin Sâtrîs c. 9 miles W. of Jerus. (Rob^{BR iii. 156}).

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שַׂ֫עַר²

n.[m.] storm (= סַ֫עַר);—only cstr. שׂ׳ קָ֑טֶב Yeshaya 28:2 a storm of destruction (in sim.; ‖ זֶרֶם בָּרָד).

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שְׂעִירִים

n.[m.]pl. rain(-drops), si vera l.; (so according to Vrss and context; Thes cp. ii. שַׂעַר; Lag proposes רְסִיסִים);—כִּשׂ׳ עֲלֵי־דֶשֶׁא Devarim 32:2 (‖ מָטָר, טַל, רְבִיבִים).

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שָׂפָה

n.f. [m. Shemos 28:32, edge, cf. Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 76}], lip, speech, edge;—abs. שׂ׳ Breishis 11:1 +, cstr. שְׂפַת v Breishis 11:7 +; sf. שְׂפָתוֹ Melachim Alef 7:23 +, etc.; oftener du. שְׂפָתַיִם Yeshaya 6:5 +, cstr. שִׂפְתֵי Tehillim 12:4 +; sf. שְׂפָתַי Yirmiya 17:16 +, sf. 3 mpl. שְׂפָתֵימוֹ Tehillim 59:13; Tehillim 140:4, Tehillim 140:10, etc.; pl. (poet. and late) cstr. שִׂפְתוֹת Koheles 10:12, sf. שִׂפְתוֹתֶיךָ etc. Tehillim 45:3; Tehillim 59:8 Yeshaya 59:3 Shir HaShirim 4:3, Shir HaShirim 4:11; Shir HaShirim 5:13;—

lip:

usually (c. 108 times) human organ of speech (often ‖ פֶּה לָשׁוֹן, rarely [only late poetry] חֵךְ: 10 times Jb; 25 times ψψ; 45 times Pr): (1) Yeshaya 29:13 Vayikra 5:4 (P), Iyov 13:6 Malachi 2:6 Tehillim 12:5 Mishlei 5:3 +; דַּל שׂ׳ Tehillim 141:3 (v. דָּל); אִישׁ שׂ׳ Iyov 11:2 = a talker, אֱוִיל שׂ׳ Mishlei 10:8 = one talking folly, so v Mishlei 10:10 (MT; but v. Toy); טְמֵא שְׂפָתַיִם Yeshaya 6:5^(×2) cf. v Yeshaya 6:7 Daniel 10:16; עֲרַל שׂ׳ Shemos 6:12, Shemos 6:30 (P; unskilled in speech); עִקֵּשׁ שׂ׳ Mishlei 19:1; פֹּתֶה שׂ׳ Mishlei 20:19 v. [פָּתָה]; מוֹצָא שׂ׳ i.e. utterance, Devarim 23:24 Yirmiya 17:16 Bamidbar 30:13 (P), Tehillim 89:35, רוּחַ שׂ׳ Yeshaya 11:4 (of Mess. kg.), דְּבַר שׂ׳ Tehillim 59:13 Mishlei 14:23 +, = mere, empty, word Melachim Beis 18:20 = Yeshaya 36:5; תְּבוּאַת שׂ׳ Mishlei 18:20, נוב שׂ׳ Yeshaya 57:19 (thanksgiving), cf. Hoshea 14:3 𝔊𝔖 and most פְּרִי for פָּרִים); of flattery, חֵלֶק שׂ׳ Mishlei 7:21, שְׂפַת חֲלָקוֹת Tehillim 12:3, Tehillim 12:4; cf. שִׂפְתֵי מִרְמָה Tehillim 17:1, שׂ׳ שֶׁקֶר Tehillim 31:9 + 4 times, שְׂפַת אָוֶן Mishlei 17:4; poison beneath (cf. לָשׁוֹן) Tehillim 140:4 (fig.); פֶּשַׁע שׂ׳ Mishlei 12:13; לְזוּת שׂ׳ Mishlei 4:24; שׂ׳ אֱמֶת Mishlei 12:19, שׂ׳ יָ֑תֶר Mishlei 17:7, שׂ׳ צֶדֶק Mishlei 16:13, שׂ׳ דַּעַת Mishlei 14:7; Mishlei 20:15; חֵן שׂ׳ Mishlei 22:11; שָׂפָה בְרוּרָה Tzefania 3:9; שׂ׳ רְנָנוֹת Tehillim 63:5 i.e. lips that shout for joy; c. vbs.: פָּתַח שׂ׳ (to speak) Iyov 11:5; Iyov 30:20 (Gi v Iyov 30:21), cf. Tehillim 51:17, מִפְתַּח שׂ׳ Mishlei 8:6; פֹּשֵׂק שׂ׳ Mishlei 13:3 i.e. prate; שׂ׳ מָֽלְאוּ זַעַם Yeshaya 30:27; שׂ׳ subj. of דִּבֶּר Yeshaya 59:3 Mishlei 24:2; נָשָׂא עַל־שׂ׳ Tehillim 16:4; קָרַץ שׂ׳ Mishlei 16:30 = backbite; אָטַם שׂ׳ Mishlei 17:28 = keep silence, so חָשַׂךְ שׂ׳ Mishlei 10:19, שׂ׳ כָּלָא Tehillim 40:10. †(2) lips moving in speech, c. נוּעַ Shmuel Alef 1:13, נִיד Iyov 16:5. †(3) transition to meaning speech, עָלָה עַל־שְׂפַת לָשׁוֹן Yechezkel 36:3; = ability to speak Iyov 12:20.

organ of laughter Iyov 8:21.

of insulting grimace הִפְטִיר בְּשׂ׳ Tehillim 22:8.

quivering in terror Chavakuk 3:16.

feature of beauty Shir HaShirim 4:3 (scarlet).

place of bridle Melachim Beis 19:28 = Yeshaya 37:29 (v. מֶתֶג)

receiving kiss Mishlei 24:26 cf. Shir HaShirim 4:11 and (in fig.) Shir HaShirim 7:10.

of divine speech, מִצְוִת שׂ׳ Iyov 23:12, דְּבַר שׂ׳ Tehillim 17:4.

language (v. לָשׁוֹן), Breishis 11:1, Breishis 11:6, Breishis 11:7^(×2), Breishis 11:9 Tehillim 81:6; עַם עִמְגֵי שׂ׳ Yechezkel 3:5, Yechezkel 3:6 Yeshaya 33:19, לַעֲגֵי שׂ׳ Yeshaya 28:11; שְׂפַת כְּנַעַן Yeshaya 19:18 (i.e. Hebrew).

edge: shore of sea Breishis 22:17 (J) + 7 times; bank of river Gn Breishis 41:3, Breishis 41:17 (E) + 5 times, of wady (נַחַל) Devarim 2:36 + 7 times; lip (bank) of אָבֵל מְחוֹלָה Shoftim 7:22 cf. GASm^{G. 400}; brim of vessel Melachim Alef 7:23^(×2) + 7 times; edge of altar Yechezkel 43:13; of curtains (in pairs) Shemos 26:4^(×2) (P) + 6 times; of חֹשֶׁן, toward ephod Shemos 28:26 = Shemos 39:19 (P); of round opening in robe לְפִיו (יִהְיֶה) שׂ׳ Shemos 28:32 = Shemos 39:23 (P).

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שָׂפָם

n.[m.] moustache (cf. N. Syriac ܣܲܦܡܵܐ rete; on meaning and form v. Thes Ol⁴⁰⁸ Kö^{ii 73});—abs. שׂ׳ Micha 3:7 +, sf. שְׂפָמוֹ Shmuel Beis 19:25;—moustache: עָשָׂה שׂ׳ Shmuel Beis 19:25 (𝔊 μύσταξ) i.e. trim it; עָטָה עַל־שׂ׳ Micha 3:7 Yechezkel 24:17, Yechezkel 24:22 Vayikra 13:45 (P; v. I. עטה 1).

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שׂפק

v. ספק.

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שָׂפַק

vb. suffice (NH סָפַק suffice, abound, so Ecclus 15:18 +; 𝔗 סְפֵיק, סְפַק, Syriac ܣܦܰܩ; Arabic شَفِقَ is be niggardly, scanty, Lane¹⁵⁷³);—

Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׂפֹּק Melachim Alef 20:10, subj. dust, c. לְ rei.

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שַׂק

v. שׂקק.

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שַׂק²

n.m. ^{Yehoshua 9:4} sack sackcloth (v. Schwally^{ZAW xi (1891), 173} who conj. Egyptian origin; NH סַק sackcloth (rare); Assyrian šaḳḳu, sack (Dl^{HWB 687 a}), sackcloth (Wkl^{Altor. Forsch. vi. 44}); Ethiopic ሠቅ = BH; Aramaic סַקָּא, ܣܰܩܳܐ; Gk. σάκκος Lewy^{Fremdw. 87});—abs. שׂ׳ Breishis 37:34 +, שָׂ֑ק Yirmiya 48:37 +; sf. שַׂקִּי Tehillim 30:12, etc.; pl. שַׂקִּים Yehoshua 9:4 +, sf. שַׂקֵּיהֶם Breishis 42:35;—

sack, for grain Breishis 42:25, Breishis 42:27 (‖ אַמְתַּחַת), v Breishis 42:35^(×2) (E), Yehoshua 9:4 (JE), perhaps also Vayikra 11:32 (P).

sackcloth:

worn in mourning and humiliation (v. Now^{Arch. i. 192 f.} SACook^{Ency. Bib. s.v.}), either loose garment like sack, or piece of similar material (of rough, dark hair), fastened round body: put (שִׂים) on loins Breishis 37:34 (J), Melachim Alef 20:31, on (bare) flesh Melachim Alef 21:27 Melachim Beis 6:30, cf. Yirmiya 48:37 Iyov 16:15 (c. תָּפַר); וְהַעֲלֵיתִי עַל־כָּל־מָתְנַיִם שׂ׳ Amos 8:10; usually חָגַר שַק Shmuel Beis 3:31 Yeshaya 15:3; Yeshaya 22:12, cf. Yeshaya 3:24, Yirmiya 4:8; Yirmiya 6:26; Yirmiya 49:3 Yechezkel 7:18; Yechezkel 27:31 Melachim Alef 20:32 Yoel 1:8 Eicha 2:10; כִּסָּה בַּשּׂ׳ Melachim Beis 19:1, Melachim Beis 19:2 = Yeshaya 37:1, Yeshaya 37:2, Yonah 3:6, Yonah 3:8 Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:16, fig. of heavens (cf. קָדַר), שׂ׳ אָשִׂים כְּסוּתָם Yeshaya 50:3; late לָבַשׁ שׂ׳ put on sackcloth Yonah 3:5 Esther 4:1, cf. v:Esther 4:2 Tehillim 35:13; Tehillim 69:12; בְּצוֹם וְשׂ׳ Nechemia 9:1, cf. Daniel 9:3; פִּתַּח שׂ׳ loosen sackcloth Yeshaya 20:2 (+ מֵעַל), Tehillim 30:12 (opp. שִׂמְחָה), הֵסִיר שׂ׳ מֵעַל Esther 4:4.

same garment (or material) spread out (to lie on), Shmuel Beis 21:10 (c. הִטָּה), Yeshaya 58:5 (c. הִצִּיעַ), cf. Esther 4:3; וַיִּשְׁכַּב בַּשׂ׳ Melachim Alef 21:27, לִינוּ בַּשּׂ׳ Yoel 1:13.

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שַׂר

v. שׂרר.

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שְׂרוּג

n.pr.m. descendant (i.e. younger branch) of Peleg Breishis 11:20, Breishis 11:21, Breishis 11:22, Breishis 11:23 Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:26; Σερουχ (𝔊L Ch Σερουγ).

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שָׂרִיד

n.m. ^{Yirmiya 47:4} survivor (from a defeat, etc.);—abs. שׂ׳ Yeshaya 1:9 +; sf. שְׂרִידוֹ Iyov 27:15 Kt; pl. שְׂרִידִים Yehoshua 10:20 Yoel 3:5; cstr. שְׂרִידֵי Yirmiya 31:2; sf. שְׂרִידָיו Ovadia 1:14 + Iyov 27:15 Qr (van d. H. also Kt);—

survivor (often ‖ פָּלִיט): especially עַד בִּלְתִּי הִשְׁאִיר לוֹ שׂ׳ Bamidbar 21:35; Yehoshua 8:22 (both JE), Devarim 3:3; Yehoshua 10:33; Yehoshua 11:8; Melachim Beis 10:11 (all D); more simply, לֹא הִשׁ׳ שׂ׳ Devarim 2:34; Yehoshua 10:28, Yehoshua 10:30, Yehoshua 10:37, Yehoshua 10:39, Yehoshua 10:40 (all D); י׳ הוֹתִיר לָנוּ שׂ׳ Yeshaya 1:9; לֹא יִהְיֶה שׂ׳ לְ Yirmiya 42:17; Yirmiya 44:14 Ovadia 1:18; אֵין שׂ׳ Iyov 18:19; וְהֶאֱבִיד שׂ׳ מֵעִיר Bamidbar 24:19 (JE); עַם שְׂרִידֵי הָ֑רֶב Yirmiya 31:2, pl. also Yehoshua 10:20 (subj. of שָֽׂרְדוּ), Yoel 3:5; Ovadia 1:14; Iyov 27:15 (v. supra); sg. also Shoftim 5:13 (obscure, for שׂ׳ לְ read perhaps יִשְׂרָאֵל GFM Now cf. Bu), Yirmiya 47:4; Eicha 2:22.

of things: אֵין שׂ׳ לְאָבְלוֹ Iyov 20:21, i.e. nothing has escaped his greed; יֵ֫רַע שׂ׳ בְּאָהֳלוֹ (אֵשׁ) v Iyov 20:26.

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שָׂרִיד²

n.pr.loc. on border of Zebulun;—עַד־שׂ׳ Yehoshua 19:10 (P; Εσεδεκγωλα, A ἕως Σαρθιδ, 𝔊L Σαρειδ), מִשּׂ׳ v Yehoshua 19:12 (P; ἀπὸ Σεδδουκ; A Σαριδ).

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שְׂרָד

n.[m.] perhaps Aramaic plaited or braided work (cf. then Aramaic סְרָדָא lattice-work, net-work (=BH מִכְבָּר), textile stuff, curtain (= BH קְלָעִים), סַרְדוּתָא plaited or braided work; NH סָרָד plaiter, סָרִיד, סָרוּד woven-work; Hom^{ZMG xliv (1890), 548} cp. Bab. šardu, thong);—always abs.: בִּגְדֵי (הַ)שׂ׳ Shemos 31:10; Shemos 35:19; Shemos 39:1, Shemos 39:41 (all P; all + ב׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ, and last three + לְשָׁרֵת בַּקֹּדֶשׁ); 𝔊 Shemos 31:10 τ. στολὰς τ. λειτουργικάς (cf. Shemos 39:1 [B v Shemos 39:13, 𝔊L v Shemos 39:11]).

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שָׂרָה

n.f. et pr. v. sub שׂרר.

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שָׂרָה²

vb. persist, exert oneself, persevere (Arabic شَرِىَ persist, persevere);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׂ׳ אֶת־א׳ Hoshea 12:4 he persevered with God; 2 ms. שָׂרִיתָ עִם־א׳ וְעִם אֲנָשִׁים Breishis 32:29 (J).—Hoshea 12:5 has Impf. וַיָּ֫שַׂר in same meaning, as if from a (non-existent) שׂוּר; < read וַיִּ֫שֶׂר (apoc. from וַיִּשְׂרֶה).—שׂוֹרָה Yeshaya 28:25 v. supra, p. 965a.

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שְׂרָיָה(וּ)

n.pr.m. (י׳ persisteth Dr^{HastDict. Bib. ii. 530 Jacob});—usually Σαραια(ς);—שְׂרָיָה:

secretary of David Shmuel Beis 8:17, but 𝔊^B Ασα, ‖ שיא Shmuel Beis 20:25 Kt (שְׁוָא Qr), שַׁוְשָׁא Divrei HaYamim Alef 18:16 (in both Ἰησοῦς, 𝔊L Σουσα), שִׁישָׁא Melachim Alef 4:3 (Σαβα, A Σεισα, 𝔊L Σαφατ); orig. in all prob. ששא We Dr Klo (Sausa), HPS (שושא), Now, Bu.

chief priest Melachim Beis 25:18 = Yirmiya 52:24.

a captain Melachim Beis 25:23; Yirmiya 40:8; Yirmiya 51:59^(×2), Yirmiya 51:61.

son of Ḳenaz Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:13, Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:14.

name in Simeon v Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:35.

Levite name 5:40^(×2).

companion of Zerub. Ezra 2:2.

father of Ezra 7:1.

one sealed Nechemia 10:3.

priest Nechemia 11:11; Nechemia 12:1, Nechemia 12:12.

שְׂרָיָהוּ, officer of king Jehoiakim, Yirmiya 36:26, τῷ Σαρεα.

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שֶׂ֫רֶט

n.[m.] incision;—abs. וְשׂ׳ לָנֶפֶשׁ לֹא תִתְּנוּ בִּבְשַׂרְכֶם Vayikra 19:28.

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שָׂרֶ֫טֶת

n.f. id. (Ba^{§ 93 α β});—שָׂרָ֑טֶת Vayikra 21:5, v. vb. Qal.

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שָׂרַי

v. sub שׂרר.

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שְׂרָיָה(וּ)²

v. sub I. שׂרה.

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שְׂרוֹךְ

n.[m.] (sandal-)thong (? from above √, as crossed and twisted over the foot; on vocalization cf. Arabic supra, Ges^{§ 84 a n} Ba^{NB § 42 e});—cstr., שְׂ׳־נַעַל Breishis 14:23; Yeshaya 5:27.

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שָׂרַף

vb. burn (70 times + בָּאֵשׁ, 2 times + בְּמוֹ־אֵשׁ) (NH (rare) = BH; Assyrian šarâpu; Aramaic שְׂרַף (rare); ܣܪܰܦ is absorb, consume);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׂ׳ Yehoshua 11:9 +, 3 fs. sf. שְׂרָפָ֫תַם Yeshaya 47:14, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׂרֹף Bamidbar 19:5 + 2 times, more often וַיִּשְׂרֹף Shemos 32:20 +, 2 mpl. תִּשְׂרְפוּן Devarim 7:5 + 2 times; Inf. abs. שָׂרוֹף Shmuel Beis 23:7; cstr. שְׂרֹף Yirmiya 36:25 +; sf. שָׂרְפוֹ Shoftim 9:52; Amos 2:1; Pt. act. שֹׂרֵף Vayikra 16:28; Bamidbar 19:8, pl. שֹׂרְפִים Melachim Beis 17:31; pass. mpl. שְׂרֻפִים Bamidbar 17:4; fs. שְׂרוּפָה Shmuel Alef 30:3, שְׂרֻפָה Tehillim 80:17, pl. שְׂרוּפוֹת Nechemia 3:34, cstr. שְׂרֻפוֹת Yeshaya 1:7;—burn (59 times + בָּאֵשׁ, 2 times + בְּמוֹ־אֵשׁ):

in making bricks, + לִשְׂרֵפָה Breishis 11:3 (J; obj. om.).

c. acc. rei, usually to destroy, e.g. door Shoftim 9:52, house Shoftim 12:1; Melachim Alef 16:18 (both c. עַל pers.), Yirmiya 39:8 + 11 times, cf. pt. pass. Nechemia 3:24, city Yehoshua 6:24 Shmuel Alef 30:1, Shmuel Alef 30:14 + 16 times, cf. pt. pass. Shmuel Alef 30:3; Yeshaya 1:7, chariots Yehoshua 11:6, Yehoshua 11:9 Melachim Beis 23:11 Tehillim 46:10 (subj. י׳), idols, etc., Shemos 32:20 (acc. om.), Devarim 9:21 + 10 times, roll †Yirmiya 36:25, Yirmiya 36:27, Yirmiya 36:28, Yirmiya 36:29, Yirmiya 36:32, wood †Yeshaya 44:16, Yeshaya 44:19 (both + בְּמוֹ־אֵשׁ), cf. Tehillim 80:17 (fig.), Yirmiya 51:32, hair †Yechezkel 5:4; bones, to lime (as outrage) †Amos 2:1; upon altars (in desecration) †Melachim Alef 13:2; Melachim Beis 23:16, Melachim Beis 23:20 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:5; bodies, as funeral rite † Shmuel Alef 31:12 (rare custom, RS^{Sem i. 353; 2nd ed. 372}; but Klo Bu read יִשְׂפְּדוּ [= יִס׳]; cf. Benz^{Arch. 163; Ency. Bib. Dead} Now^{Arch. i. 188}); שׂ׳ as funeral rite also (obj. om., prob spices, cf. Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:14), †c. ל pers. mort. Yirmiya 34:5, + acc. cogn. שְׂרֵפָה Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:14 (cf. שְׂרֵפָה); in ceremonial of P (never of burning sacrif. on altar, הִקְטִיר, cf. הֶעֱלָה, but) chiefly (14 times) of consuming refuse, especially unused portions of victims, etc. (to prevent use), and infected objects, Shemos 29:14, Shemos 29:34 +, sometimes מִחוּץ לַמַּחֲנֶה Vayikra 4:12 (+ עַל־עֵצִים), v Vayikra 4:21^(×2) + 4 times, etc., cf. Yechezkel 43:21; also of burning red heifer (to produce ashes for purification) Bamidbar 19:5^(×2), Bamidbar 19:8.

burn, c. acc. pers., (1) as penalty Yehoshua 7:25 (JE), Shoftim 14:15; Shoftim 15:6 Vayikra 20:14, cf. Bamidbar 17:4 (pt. pass.), so, אֵשׁ subj., Yeshaya 47:14, c. acc. cogn. שְׂרֵפָה Vayikra 10:6 (P); (2) as sacrifice, Yirmiya 7:31; Yirmiya 19:5; + ל dei Devarim 12:31; Melachim Beis 17:31.

Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׂרֵף Yehoshua 7:15 +, 3 fpl. תִּשָּׂרַפְנָה Mishlei 6:27, etc.;—be burned (11 times + בָּאֵשׁ): of city Yirmiya 38:17 + v Yirmiya 38:23 (read תִּשָּׂרֵף for תִּשְׂרֹף 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗 Hi Ew Gf Gie Du), idols, etc., Micha 1:7; Divrei HaYamim Alef 14:12; ritually (cf. Qal 2 a ad fin.) Vayikra 4:12; Vayikra 6:23; Vayikra 7:17, Vayikra 7:19; Vayikra 13:52; Vayikra 19:6; of pers., as penalty Breishis 38:24 (J), Yehoshua 7:15 (JE), Shmuel Beis 23:7 (poet.), Vayikra 21:9 (H).

Pt. sf. מְסָֽרְפוֹ Amos 6:10 his burner, usually one burning him, but prob. burning spices for him, v. Dr and cf. Qal supra.

Pf. 3 ms. שׂרָ֑ף, of goat Vayikra 10:16 it was burnt up (and gone).

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שָׂרָף

n.m. ^{Yeshaya 14:29} fiery, serpent, usually venomous (poss. from above √, from burning effect of poison);—abs. שׂ׳ Bamidbar 21:8 (JE; on Arabic parallels v. Jacob^{Ar. Dichter ii. 93, iv. 10 f.}), appos. נָחָשׁ שׂ׳ Devarim 8:15, pl. הַנְּחָשִׁים הַשְּׂרָפִים Bamidbar 21:6; a flying serpent, or dragon, שָׂרָף מְעוֹפֵף Yeshaya 14:29; Yeshaya 30:6.

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שָׂרָף²

n.m. ^{Yeshaya 6:2} pl. שְׂרָפִים seraphim (prob. akin to i. שׂ׳, as beings orig. mythically conceived with serpents’ bodies (serpent-deities, cf. Yeshaya 14:29; Yeshaya 30:6), or (Che^Comm.) personif. of lightning, cf. arts. Seraphim, Strachan^{Hast. DB.} Che^{Ency. Bib.}; Di Marti al. cp. also Egyptian guardian-griffins, called Šerref; v. also כְּרוּב; on Assyrian Šarrapu, epith. of god Nergal, connected by Dl^WB; with √ שָׂרַף, v. שָׂרָב, Zim^KAT.^{3 415});—in OT. majestic beings with six wings, and human hands and voices, attendant upon י׳ Yeshaya 6:2, Yeshaya 6:6.

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שָׂרָף³

n.pr.m. a Judahite;—Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:22; Σαια, A 𝔊L Σαραφ.

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שְׂרֵפָה

n.f. burning;—abs. שׂ׳ Yeshaya 9:4 +, cstr. שְׂרֵפַת Bamidbar 19:6 +;—לשׂ׳ of brick-burning Breishis 11:3 (+ שָׂרַף); destructive Amos 4:11; Yeshaya 9:4, of land Devarim 29:22, of temple, הָיָה לִשְׂרֵפַת אֵשׁ Yeshaya 64:10, הַר שׂ׳ Yirmiya 51:25 i.e. a burnt-out volcano (fig. of Bab.); of heifer Bamidbar 19:6, cf. v Bamidbar 19:17; of spices (prob.) as funeral rite Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:14 (as acc. cogn.), Divrei HaYamim Beis 21:19 (obj. of עָשָׂה), v Divrei HaYamim Beis 21:19; of pers. (penal) Vayikra 10:6 (acc. cogn., י׳ subj.), Bamidbar 17:2.

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שֹׂרֵק

n.[m.] choice species of vine;—abs. שׂ׳ Yeshaya 5:2, שׂוֹ׳ Yirmiya 2:21 (both in fig.).

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שֹׂרֵק²

(van d. H. שׂוֹ׳) n.pr.loc. in נַ֫חַל שׂ׳ Shoftim 16:4 (proposes Wady of choice vines);—𝔊 Σωρηχ[κ]; prob. Wady Ṣurâr (GASm^{Geogr. 218 ff.}), on N. side of which is ruin Sûrîk, 3/4 h. W. of Ṣur‘ah (Ẓor‘ah), Survey^{iii. 53} GFM^{ad loc.}

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שַׂר²

n.m. chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince (NH especially of angels; Assyrian šarru, king);—abs. שַׂר Shmuel Beis 3:38 +, הַשַּׂר Micha 7:3 +, שָׂ֑ר Hoshea 3:4 +; cstr. שַׂר Shoftim 4:2 +; sf. שַׂרְכֶם Daniel 10:21; pl. שָׂרִים Melachim Alef 4:2 +; cstr. שָׂרֵי Breishis 12:15 +; sf. שָׂרַי Shoftim 5:15; Yeshaya 10:8, שָׂרֵיכֶם Yirmiya 44:21, שָׂרֵיהֶם Yeshaya 3:4 +;—

chieftain, leader:

pl. of Isr. Bamidbar 21:18 (poem in JE; ‖ נְדִיב הָעָם), of Issachar Shoftim 5:15 (poem); שָׂרֵי גִלְעָד Shoftim 10:18 is dub. (we should expect וְשׂ׳, and cf. זִקְנֵי ג׳, instead, Shoftim 11:5-11); of Midian Shoftim 7:25; Shoftim 8:3; Philistines Shmuel Alef 29:3^(×2), Shmuel Alef 29:4^(×2), Shmuel Alef 29:9 (appar. = סְרָנִים v Shmuel Alef 29:2, Shmuel Alef 29:6, Shmuel Alef 29:7 [We], yet disting. by HPS and [with reserve] Bu; 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 Th Bu del. in v Shmuel Alef 29:4), cf. Shmuel Alef 18:30; poet., of כְּמוֹשׂ (i.e. the leading Moabites) Yirmiya 48:7, of מלכם (q.v.; i.e. the leading Ammonites) Amos 1:15 = Yirmiya 49:3.

sg. David as leader of freebooters Shmuel Alef 22:2; cf. שׂ׳ גְּדוּד Melachim Alef 11:24, pl. Shmuel Beis 4:2.

vassal, noble, official, under king (acting, on occasion, as counsellor, commander, etc.):

pl., in Egypt Breishis 12:15 (J) + 3 times Is + Breishis 30:4 Di Du Skinner (> of foreign embassy [cf. ‖ מַלְאָכָיו] Che al. reading [Che^Heb.Hpt. Marti] שָׂרִים), 105:22; Moab Bamidbar 22:8 + 8 times Bamidbar 22:22, Bamidbar 22:23 (JE), Amos 2:3; Edom Yeshaya 34:12 (‖ חֹרִים); As. 10:8; 31:9; Bab. 21:5 + 7 times Je + Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:31 (but here perhaps vaguely = authorities); other nations Yirmiya 49:38 + 17 times Ezr Est; in gen. Yeshaya 49:7; officials, officials class, under kings of Israel: David (only Chr) Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:17 + 5 times 1 Ch, Ezra 8:20; Sol. Melachim Alef 4:2; Jehoiachin Melachim Beis 24:12, Melachim Beis 24:14; Zedek. Yirmiya 34:21; Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:18; other kings 19 times 2 Chr; in gen. Koheles 10:16, Koheles 10:17; see also (Judah) Yirmiya 1:18 + 31 times Je (Yirmiya 17:25 del. שׂ׳ Gf Che Gie Du), 4 times La, Yechezkel 17:12, Tzefania 1:8 (where disting. from בְּנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ, who are never called שׂ׳); so, in gen., Nechemia 9:32, Nechemia 9:34 Daniel 9:6, Daniel 9:8; and (N. Isr.) Hoshea 3:4 + 6 times Ho.

as having powers of magistrate Shemos 2:14 (E. + שֹׁפֵט); under Moses (over groups of 1000, 100, 50, 10) Shemos 18:21 + 7 times 18 (E), Devarim 1:15^(×4); later in Judah Hoshea 5:10 (Now reads שָׂרֵי יִשׂ׳), Yeshaya 1:23, cf. Yeshaya 3:4, Yeshaya 3:14; Yeshaya 32:1; Micha 7:3 (sg.; ‖ שֹׁפֵט), Tzefania 3:3 (‖ id.), Yechezkel 22:27, cf. Mishlei 8:16 (‖ נְדִיבִים); Mishlei 28:2 read perhaps צָרֶיהָ, v. Toy.

as ruler or magistrate of a district (מְדִינָה), Melachim Alef 20:14, Melachim Alef 20:15, Melachim Alef 20:17, Melachim Alef 20:19 (cf. Esther 1:3; Esther 8:9; Esther 9:3, שָׂרֵי עַם וָעָם Esther 3:12).

as commandant of city, שׂ׳ הָעִיר Shoftim 9:30, cf. Melachim Alef 22:26 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:25, Melachim Beis 23:8; Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:8; of citadel, שׂ׳ הַבִּירָה Nechemia 7:2; pl. of city officials, שׂ׳ סֻכּוֹת Shoftim 8:6, Shoftim 8:14 (disting. from זְקֵנִים), cf. Melachim Beis 10:1; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:20.

specif. military, = captain, general:

שַׂר־(ה)צבא Breishis 21:22, Breishis 21:32 (E), Breishis 26:26 (J), Shmuel Alef 12:9 + 23 times, + שׂ׳־צ׳־י׳ Yehoshua 5:14, Yehoshua 5:15 (JE; צָבָא 1 b), angel-captain in vision; v. also 8, 9; שָׂרֵי הַצּ׳ Melachim Alef 1:25 + 3 times Chr, שָׂרִים בַּצּ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:22 (Gi Baer; van d. H. v Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:21); שָׂרֵי צְבָאוֹת Devarim 20:9; Melachim Alef 2:5; Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:3; שַׂר־הַחַ֫יִל Shmuel Beis 24:2 (but read וְאֶל־שָׂרֵי as 𝔊L and ‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:2 Th We Dr HPS Bu), שָׂרֵי (הַ)ח׳ v Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:4^(×2), Melachim Beis 9:5; Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:14; Nechemia 2:9, שָׂרֵי הַחֲיָלִים Melachim Alef 15:20 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:4; Melachim Beis 25:23; Melachim Beis 25:26 Yirmiya 40:7, Yirmiya 40:13 + 7 times Je; שָׂרֵי מִלְחָמוֹת Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:6; so (ה)שׂר alone Shmuel Beis 18:5; Shmuel Beis 19:7 Melachim Alef 9:22 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:9 𝔊^B Be Kit (שָׂרָיו וְשָׁלִישָׁיו, for MT שָׂרֵי שׂ׳), Melachim Beis 9:5^(×2); Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:6, Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:21 + 9 times, + Iyov 39:25 Daniel 11:5; שׂ׳ וְגָדוֹל Shmuel Beis 3:38 (of Abner); poss. military fig. also in שַׂר שָׁלוֹם Yeshaya 9:5 (Mess. name).

leading companies of 50 Melachim Beis 1:9-14; Yeshaya 3:3, of 100; Shmuel Alef 22:7 + 16 times + Shmuel Alef 8:12 (reading מֵאוֹת for חֲמִשִּׁים 𝔊 HPS, cf. We; Bu ins. שָׂרֵי מֵאוֹת), of 1000; Shmuel Alef 17:18 + 11 times, + שָׂרֵי הָאֲלָפִים וְהַמֵּאוֹת Divrei HaYamim Alef 13:1 Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:26 (disting. from שָׂרֵי הַצָּבָא), Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:1; Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:6; Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:2; also שׂ׳ הָרֶכֶב captain of the chariotry Melachim Alef 22:31, Melachim Alef 22:32, Melachim Alef 22:33 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:30, Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:31, Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:32 + 3 times + שָׂרֵי ר׳ וּפָרָשָׁיו Melachim Alef 9:22 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:9.

chief, head, of other official classes: שַׂר הַטַּבָּחִים, Egypt, Breishis 37:36 + 5 times; שָׂרֵי הָרָצִים Melachim Alef 14:27 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 12:10; שָׂרֵי הַנִּצָּבִים Melachim Alef 5:30; Melachim Alef 9:23 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:10; even domestic positions (court of Pharaoh), שַׂר הַמַּשְׁקִים Breishis 40:2 + 5 times, שַׂר הָאוֹפוֹת Breishis 40:2 + 4 times (all E); שָׂרֵי הַמַּהְלְקוֹת Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:1, i.e. of the successive courses of royal military officials; cf. הַשַּׂר Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:28; שַׂר הַסָּרִיסִים Daniel 1:7, Daniel 1:8, Daniel 1:9, Daniel 1:10, Daniel 1:11, Daniel 1:18; שַׂר מְנוּחָה Yirmiya 51:59.

= overseer: שַׂר בֵּית הַסֹּהַר Breishis 39:21, Breishis 39:23, שָׂרֵי מִקְנֶה Breishis 47:6 (all J; cf. אַבִּיר הָרֹעִים Shmuel Alef 21:8), שָׂרֵי מִסִּים Shemos 1:11 (J); cf. Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:27; Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:6; Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:31; Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:1.—In Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:22 read prob. סַר הַמַּשָּׂא (= שַׂר) overseer of the carrying (for MT בְּמַשָּׂא יָסֹר בַּמַּשָּׂא), so 𝔊 Benz Kit, Be יָסֹר = יָשׂר; v. another view יָסַר Qal.

of religious office: שָׂרֵי הַכֹּהֲנִים Ezra 8:24, Ezra 8:29; Ezra 10:5 Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:14; שׂ׳ הַלְוִיִּם Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:16, Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:22 Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:9, cf. Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:5, Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:6, Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:7, Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:8, Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:9, Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:10; heads of classes or courses of priests, called שָׂרֵי קֹדֶשׁ Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:5, שׂ׳ אֱלֹהִים v Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:5;—שָׂרֵי ק׳ Yeshaya 43:28 (usually consecrated princes, whether priests, or kings, or both) is prob. corrupt, read perhaps שַׁעֲרֵי (Du) or וַיְחַלְּלוּ שָׂרֶיךָ קָדְשִׁי 𝔊 Houb Klo Che^Hpt Gr (substantially).

late, of representative leaders of people, tribal heads, שׂ׳ שִׁבְטֵי יִשׂ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:22; Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:6, cf. Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:1; appar. = elders, שׂ׳ הָעָם Yechezkel 11:1; Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:23; שׂ׳ alone, Tehillim 68:28^(×3); in post-exilic Jerus. Ezra 9:1; Ezra 9:2 Nechemia 4:10; Nechemia 10:1; Nechemia 11:1 (שָׂרֵי הָעָם), + elders Ezra 10:8, Ezra 10:14; called שָׂרֵי יְהוּדָה Nechemia 12:31, Nechemia 12:32; of district-rulers Nechemia 3:9, Nechemia 3:12, Nechemia 3:14, Nechemia 3:15, Nechemia 3:16, Nechemia 3:17, Nechemia 3:18, Nechemia 3:19; of heads of families, שָׂרֵי הָאָבוֹת Ezra 8:29; Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:6 (= רָאשֵׁי הָא׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:31; Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:1; Nechemia 7:69).

late, as term of rank and dignity, Yeshaya 23:8 (cf. ‘merchant-princes’), Iyov 3:15; Iyov 29:9 (‖ נְגִידִים), Iyov 34:19 Tehillim 45:17; Tehillim 82:7; Tehillim 148:11, opp. עבד(ים) Mishlei 19:10; Koheles 10:7; formidable foes Tehillim 119:23, Tehillim 119:161.

= patron-angel, only Dn: פָּרַס (מַלְכוּת) שַׂר Daniel 10:13, Daniel 10:20, שׂ׳ יָוָן v Daniel 10:20; specif. of מִיכָאֵל v Daniel 10:13, Daniel 10:21; Daniel 12:1.

שַׂר־הַצָבָא Daniel 8:11 = God (prob., cf. צָבָא 1 c; yet v. also צ׳ 1 b), so שַׂר שָׂרִים v Daniel 8:25.

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שָׂרַר

vb. denom. (Gerber²⁰) be, or act as, prince, rule;—

Impf. 3 ms. וַיָּ֫שַׂר עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל Shoftim 9:22 Abim. ruled over Isr. three years; 3 mpl. שָׂרִים … יָשׂ֑רוּ Yeshaya 32:1 princes shall govern (prince it) justly (‖ יִמְלָךְ־מֶלֶךְ), cf. Mishlei 8:16; Pt. לִהְיוֹת … שֹׂרֵר Esther 1:22 that every man should bear rule בְּבֵיתוֹ.

Impf., 2 ms. + Inf. abs. כִּי־תִשְׂתָּרֵר עָלֵינוּ גַּס־הִשְׂתָּרֵר Bamidbar 16:13 that thou shouldst also keep playing the prince over us.—יָסֹר Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:22 v. יָסַר Qal and שַׂר 4 b. Hiph. Pf. 3 pl. metapl. הֵשִׂירוּ (Ges^{§ 67 v}) Hoshea 8:4 they made princes (abs.; ‖ הִמְלִיכוּ).

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שָׂרָה³

n.f. princess, noble lady;—cstr. שָׂרָ֫תִי (Ges^{§ 90 l}) Eicha 1:1; pl. שָׂרוֹת Melachim Alef 11:3, cstr. id. Esther 1:18; sf. שָׂרוֹתֶיהָ Shoftim 5:29, -תֵיהֶם Yeshaya 49:23;—princesses attending Sisera’s mother Shoftim 5:29; of Sol.’s wives Melachim Alef 11:3, other queens Yeshaya 49:23 (‖ מְלָכִים); wives of nobles Esther 1:18; fig. of Jerus. Eicha 1:1.

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שָׂרָה⁴

n.pr.f. wife of Abraham (princess);—Σαρρα: Breishis 17:15 (where formal change from שָׂרַי), v Breishis 17:17, Breishis 17:19, Breishis 17:21; Breishis 21:1, Breishis 21:3; Breishis 23:1^(×2), Breishis 23:2^(×2), Breishis 23:19; Breishis 25:10, Breishis 25:12; Breishis 49:31 (all P), Breishis 18:6 + 9 times Breishis 18:18, Breishis 21:1, Breishis 21:2; Breishis 24:36, Breishis 24:67 (all J), Breishis 20:2^(×2), Breishis 20:14, Breishis 20:16, Breishis 20:18; Breishis 21:6, Breishis 21:7, Breishis 21:9, Breishis 21:12 (all E); an ancestress of Hebrews Yeshaya 51:2.

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שָׂרַי²

n.pr.f. wife of Abram (Nö^{ZMG xiii (1888), 484} Ges^{§ 801} Kö^{ii. 1, 427} make = foregoing, with old fem. ending י—ַ; >Lag^{BN 92, Anm.}*, emphasizing diff. in 𝔊, der.froma √ شرى, and cp. شراة, name of a barren mt.; cf. RS יִשְׂרָאֵל supr., sub I. שׂרה);—𝔊 Σαρα;—Breishis 11:30 (J), v Breishis 11:31 (P), Breishis 12:5, Breishis 12:11, Breishis 12:17; Breishis 16:1, Breishis 16:2, Breishis 16:3, Breishis 16:5, Breishis 16:6^(×2), Breishis 16:8^(×2) (all J), Breishis 17:15 (P); שָׂרָ֑י Breishis 11:29 (J), Breishis 16:2 (J), Breishis 17:15 (P).

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שָׂשׂוֹן²

v. שׂוֹשׂ.

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שָׂתַם

vb. usually stop up, in sense of shut out, shut ears against (late ‖ form of סָתַם; yet awkward; Ba^{ES 9} cp. Arabic شَمَّتَ frustrate, disappoint);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׂ׳ תְּפִלָּתִי Eicha 3:8 (> van d. H. שָׂתָם) he (י׳) hath shut out my prayer (Bu שׂ׳ מִתּ׳ shut up [himself] from).

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שָׁאַב

vb. draw (water) (NH id., also attract; Aramaic שְׁאֵיב, of magnet; Arabic سَأَبَ be satisfied with drinking);—

Pf. 2 mpl. consec. וּשְׁאַבְהֶּם Yeshaya 12:3; Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּשְׁאַב Breishis 24:20, -אָ֑ב v Breishis 24:45; 1 s. אֶשְׁאָ֑ב v Breishis 24:19, Breishis 24:44; 3 mpl. יִשְׁאֲבוּן Rus 2:9, וַיִּשְׁאֲבוּ Shmuel Alef 7:6 + 2 times; Imv. fs. שַׁאֲבִי Nachum 3:14; Pt. ms. שֹׁאֵב Devarim 29:10, pl. cstr. שֹׁאֲבֵי Yehoshua 9:21, Yehoshua 9:23, Yehoshua 9:27; fpl. הַשֹּׁאֲבֹת Breishis 24:11;—draw water, c. acc. מַיִם Breishis 24:13 (J), Shmuel Alef 7:6; Shmuel Alef 9:11, + מִן of source Shmuel Beis 23:16 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:8, Yeshaya 12:3 (fig.); מֵי מָצוֹר שׁ׳ לָךְ Nachum 3:14; מַיִם om. Breishis 24:20, Breishis 24:43, Breishis 24:45 and (+ ל of animals) v Breishis 24:19, Breishis 24:20, Breishis 24:41 (all J); c. acc. אֲשֶׁר Rus 2:9 drink of that which the young men draw; Pt. fpl. Breishis 24:11 the water-drawing women; m. שֹׁאֵב מֵימֶיךָ Devarim 29:10 (servile labour, ‖ חֹטֵב עֵצֶיךָ), so mpl. Yehoshua 9:21, Yehoshua 9:23, Yehoshua 9:27 (P; all c. ל, and all ‖ חֹטְבֵי עֵצִים).

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שָׁאַג

vb. roar (NH id.; Arabic ثَأَجَ low, bleat, Frey);—

Pf. 3 ms. וְשׁ׳ Yeshaya 5:29 Kt consec. (>Qr יִשְׁאַג), שָׁאָ֖ג Amos 3:8, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁאַג Amos 3:4 +, etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁאֹג Yirmiya 25:30; Pt. שֹׁאֵג Shoftim 14:5 Tehillim 22:14, שׁוֹאֵג Yechezkel 22:25, שֹׁאֲגִים Tzefania 3:3 Tehillim 104:21;—

roar, of lion Shoftim 14:5 (c. לִקְרָאתוֹ), Amos 3:4, Amos 3:8 Tehillim 104:21 (c. ל of prey), fig. of invaders and foes Yirmiya 2:15 (c. עַל pers.) Tehillim 22:14, cf. Tehillim 74:4, sim. Yeshaya 5:29; Yirmiya 51:38; fig. of rapacious rulers Tzefania 3:3; Yechezkel 22:25 (read נְשִׂיאֶיהָ for נְבִיאֶיהָ 𝔊 and mod.); of י׳ (like lion) calling scattered Isr. Hoshea 11:10^(×2) (on text of v. see Now); of י׳ roaring in thunder Yirmiya 25:30 = Amos 1:2 = Yoel 4:16, also Yirmiya 25:30 (שָׁאֹג יִשְׁאַג, sq. עַל־נָוֵהוּ); cf. יִשְׁאַג־קוֹל Iyov 37:4 (‖ יַרְעֵם).

of human cry in distress Tehillim 38:9 (c. מִן causat.).

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שְׁאָגָה

n.f. roaring;—

like lion, abs. שׁ׳ Yeshaya 5:29 (of invaders); of lion, cstr. שַׁאֲגַת Zecharia 11:3; Iyov 4:10 (fig. of wicked), sf. קוֹל שַׁאֲגָתוֹ Yechezkel 19:7 (fig. of conquering king).

human cry in distress, שַׁאֲגָתִי Tehillim 32:3, דִּבְרֵי שׁ׳ Tehillim 22:2, שַׁאֲגֹתָ֑י Iyov 3:24.

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שָׁאָה

vb. make a din or crash, crash into ruins (perhaps akin to שׁוֹאָה (√ שׁוא) storm, devastation; > Aramaic ܫܗܳܐ be deserted, שַׁהֲוָוא, שַׁהֲוָתָא desert);—

Pf. 3 pl. שָׁאוּ Yeshaya 6:11 until cities have crashed into ruins; + perhaps Nachum 1:5 (p. 671^a).

Impf. 3 fs. תִּשָּׁאֶה שְׁמָמָה Yeshaya 6:11, usually, and the ground be ruined into a desolation, but 𝔊 Lo Du Marti תִּשָּׁאֵר be left a desol.; 3 mpl. יִשָּׁא֑וּן Yeshaya 17:12 they are in uproar (of nations, ‖ יֶהֱמָיוּן), v Yeshaya 17:13 (but del. as doublet Du Che^Hpt. Marti).

Inf. cstr. לְהַשְׁאוֹת Yeshaya 37:26, = לַהְשׁוֹת Melachim Beis 19:25 (Ges^{§ 23 f} Kö^{i. 570}, who follow van d. H. in giving לְהַשְׁאוֹת as Qr, but v. Baer Gi), to cause … cities to crash into ruined heaps.

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שַׁאֲוָה

Kt, שׁוֹאָה Qr, n.f. devastating storm;—sim. Mishlei 1:27 (‖ סוּפָה). V. שׁוֹאָה, √ II. שׁוא.

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שָׁאוֹן

n.m. ^{Hoshea 10:14} roar (of waters, etc.), din, crash, uproar;—abs. שׁ׳ Hoshea 10:14 +; cstr. שְׁאוֹן Yeshaya 13:4 +; sf. שְׁאוֹנָהּ Yeshaya 5:14;—

roar of water (waves), Yeshaya 17:12 (‖ הָמָה), sim. of noise of invading host, so v Yeshaya 17:13, but del. Du Che^Hpt. Marti, as doublet; roar of this host v Yeshaya 17:12 (‖ הָמוֹן), cf. שְׁאוֹן קוֹלָם Yirmiya 51:55; of waves also Tehillim 65:8^(×2); of din or crash of battle Amos 2:2 Hoshea 10:14 Tehillim 74:23; בְּנֵי שׁ׳ Yirmiya 48:45 (i.e. warriors); of battle in which י׳ beats down his foes Yirmiya 25:31, cf. Yeshaya 66:6; of gathering hosts Yeshaya 13:4; שׁ׳ זָרִים Yeshaya 25:5 (Du Marti, plausibly, גְּאוֹן זֵדֵים, as Yeshaya 13:11); read שׁ׳ also prob. (for שַׁאֲנָן, q.v.) Melachim Beis 19:28 = Yeshaya 37:29; in mocking appell. of Pharaoh (Necho), Yirmiya 46:17 פ׳ (𝔊 𝔖 𝔙) קִרְאוּ שֵׁם call ye the name of Ph. a Crash.

uproar of revellers Yeshaya 5:14; Yeshaya 24:8.—בּוֹר שׁ׳ Tehillim 40:3, pit of roaring (of waters? fig., cf. מַעֲמַקֵּי־מַיִם Tehillim 69:3, where also ‖ יָוֵן); Thes al. of destruction (v. √ 2), but against usage of שָׁאוֹן; > Du proposes בּוֹר שָׁוְא (cf. נָפַת שָׁוְא Yeshaya 30:28).

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שֵׁאת

n.f. doubtful word; perhaps (for* שֶׁאֶת) din of battle (= שָׁאוֹן); Thes al. devastation, cf. שְׁאִיָּה; either meaning suits הַשּׁ׳ Eicha 3:47 (‖ הַשָּׁ֑בֶר; but We^{Comp. Hex. 2, 351}, from II. שׁוא, desolation); contr. (according to Thes and most) שֵׁת, in בְּנֵי שֵׁת Bamidbar 24:17 (J) sons of (battle-)din (warriors, = בְּנֵי שָׁאוֹן in ‖ Yirmiya 48:45); Vrss take שֵׁת here as n.pr.; Gray proposes שֵׂת = שְׂאֵת, pride, or reading as Je, cf. We^{Comp. 351}.

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שָׁאָה²

vb.

gaze (appar. ‖ form of שָׁעָה, q.v.);—Pt. ms. הָאִישׁ מִשְׁתָּאֵה לָהּ Breishis 24:21 (J) the man was gazing at her (Ges^{§ 130 a}).

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שָׁאַל

vb. ask, inquire (NH id.; Assyrian šaʾâlu, Arabic سَأَلَ, Ethiopic ሰአለ: Sab. מסאל request, petition, Hom^{Chrest. 124} Levy-Os^{ZMG xix (1865), 165}; Aramaic ܫܶܐܠ, שְׁאֵיל; O Aramaic Zinj. שאל Ldzb³⁷¹, Nab. Hiph. lend id.^ib.;—on שׁ׳ cf. Jastr^{JBL xix (1900), 82 ff.});—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Shoftim 5:25 +, שָׁאָ֑ל Shoftim 8:26 + 2 times; consec. וְשָׁ֫אַל לוֹ Bamidbar 27:21; sf. וּשְׁאֵלְךָ consec. Breishis 32:18 (Ges^{§ 64 f}), וּשְׁאֵלֵךְ consec. Shoftim 4:20; 1 s. sf. שְׁאִלְתִּיו Shmuel Alef 1:20, שְׁאִלְתִּיהוּ Shoftim 13:16; 3 pl. sf. שְׁאֵלוּנוּ Tehillim 137:3; 2 mpl. שְׁאֶלְתֶּם Shmuel Alef 12:13 (del. 𝔊 Th We Dr and most), Iyov 21:29, וּשְׁאֶלְתֶּס־ consec. Shmuel Alef 25:5, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁאַל Shemos 22:13 +, etc.; Imv. שְׁאַל Yeshaya 7:11 +, שְׁאָלוּנִי Yeshaya 45:11 (< תִּשְׁאָלוּנִי Weir Che al.), etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁאוֹל Breishis 43:7 +; cstr. לִשְׁאֹל Shoftim 1:14 +, etc.; Pt. act. שֹׁאֵל Shmuel Beis 3:13 +, fs. שֹׁאֶלֶת Melachim Alef 2:20, Melachim Alef 2:22, mpl. הַשֹּׁאֲלִים Shmuel Alef 8:10; pass. שָׁאוּל Shmuel Alef 1:28; Melachim Beis 6:5;—

ask, ask for, acc. rei (vel pers.) Shoftim 5:25; Shoftim 8:26; Melachim Alef 3:10 Tehillim 122:6 (= pray for) +; שׁ׳ אֶת־נַפְשׁוֹ לָמוּת Melachim Alef 19:4; Yonah 4:8, i.e. pray for death, but Iyov 31:30 demand the life of another בְּאָלָה by a curse; c. ל pers. Melachim Alef 2:22^(×2) + (ל pers. reflex.) Shmuel Alef 12:17, Shmuel Alef 12:19 +; c. מִן pers. Shoftim 8:24 (acc. cogn.), Ezra 8:22; Zecharia 10:1 +; sq. הָבִין Melachim Alef 3:11; sq. cl. שׁ׳ מָה אֶתֶּן־לָֽךְ׃ Melachim Alef 3:5 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:7, cf. Melachim Beis 2:9; c. acc. + מֵאֵת pers. Shmuel Alef 8:10 Tehillim 27:4 (from י׳) +; + מֵעִם pers. Yeshaya 7:11 (from י׳) +; c. acc. pers. (from whom) + rei †Tehillim 137:3; acc. om. Yeshaya 7:12; Shmuel Beis 12:20; Melachim Alef 2:20; c. מִן pers. Tehillim 2:8; abs. Micha 7:3 Tehillim 105:40 (of prayer); הִקְשִׁיתָ לִשְׁאוֹל Melachim Beis 2:10, i.e. thou hast asked for a difficult thing.—Shmuel Alef 2:20 v. Hiph.

specif. ask as a favour, for temporary use, i.e. borrow (cf. לָוָה, as matter of business, v. Bu Shmuel Alef 1:28), Shemos 22:13 (E; acc. rei + מֵעִם pers.), Melachim Beis 4:3 (acc. rei + מִן of source + ל pers. reflex.), Melachim Beis 6:5 (pt. pass. abs.); so also (according to many), c. acc. rei Shemos 3:22 (+ מִן pers.) Shemos 11:2; Shemos 12:35 (both + מֵאֵת pers.; all E),—it is, however, not clear that there was any pretext of mere temporary use; pt. pass. שָׁאוּל לי׳ Shmuel Alef 1:28 (lent, granted) made over to י׳ (in effect pass. of Hiph., q.v.).

in weakened sense, seek, desire (late), c. acc. Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:23 Koheles 2:10 (subj. עֵינַי); Mishlei 20:4 in harvest he shall look [for a crop], וָאָ֑יִן and there shall be none.

inquire of, c. acc. pers. + לֵאמֹר before inquiry Breishis 32:18 (E), Breishis 44:19 (J) +; c. וְאָמַר Shoftim 4:20, וַיֹּאמֶר, etc., Breishis 24:47 (J), Yirmiya 37:13; sq. וְאָמַר without acc. pers. Breishis 32:30 (J), cf. Shmuel Alef 19:22, sq. לֵאמֹר Yehoshua 4:6 (JE); c. acc. pers. + עַל rei Nechemia 1:2; עַל rei alone, Koheles 7:10 (+ מֵחָכְמָה, i.e. prompted by wisdom); c. acc. pers. + rei (about which) Shmuel Beis 14:18; Yeshaya 45:11 + 4 times; acc. pers. + indir.quest. Shoftim 13:6; c. acc. pers. only, Shoftim 8:14; Shmuel Alef 25:8 Devarim 32:7 +, inquire of beasts (acc.) Iyov 12:7; c. acc. rei only, Yirmiya 50:5; c. ל pers. = acc. Melachim Beis 8:6 (Kö^{Synt. § 289 h}); c. ל rei about which Breishis 26:7 (J), Breishis 32:30 (J), Shoftim 13:18; Shmuel Beis 11:7; Yirmiya 6:16; Iyov 8:8, also (+ לאמר before the inquiry) Breishis 43:7 (J), and (sq. direct question) Devarim 4:32; c. ל pers. about whom, Breishis 43:27 (J), cf. phr. of greeting, שׁ׳ אִישׁ לְרֵעֵהוּ לְשָׁלוֹם Shemos 18:7 (E) ask each for (or about) his fellow as to welfare, cf. †Shoftim 18:15; Shmuel Alef 10:4; Shmuel Alef 17:22; Shmuel Alef 25:5; Shmuel Alef 30:21 [read וַיִּשְׁאֲלוּ לוֹ 𝔊 𝔖 We Dr HPS Bu] Shmuel Beis 8:10; Yirmiya 15:5; Divrei HaYamim Alef 18:10; sq. direct question only, Shmuel Alef 17:56; Yirmiya 18:13 (c. ב loc.), sq. indirect question only (c. אִם) Yirmiya 30:6; שׁ׳ אֶת־פִי פ׳ Breishis 24:57 (J); abs. make inquiry Devarim 13:15 (+ דָּרַשׁ, חָקַר).

inquire of, consult, deity, oracle, etc. (Jastr^{JBL xix (1900), 88 ff.}), sq. acc. פִּי י׳ Yehoshua 9:14 (JE), Yeshaya 30:2, י׳ Yeshaya 65:1 (‖ בִּקֵּשׁ); elsewhere in Hex only (acc. om.), Bamidbar 27:21 (P; c. ל pers. for whom, + ב instr.), cf. Yehoshua 19:50; also שׁ׳ אוֹב Devarim 18:11 (pt. as subst.; Jäger^{BAS ii. 292} cp. Assyrian maššaku ša šâ’ili, i.e. skin-vessel of the oracle-seeker, cf. Jastr^{JBL xix (1900), 96 ff.}); c. acc. of human agent Shmuel Alef 28:16; Yirmiya 38:14, Yirmiya 38:27; usually (ancient usage, chiefly Ju Sm) שׁ׳ בי׳ לֵאמֹר (בְּ perhaps orig. local, so GFM, or instr.), Shoftim 1:1; Shoftim 20:23; Shmuel Alef 23:2; Shmuel Alef 30:8; Shmuel Beis 2:1; Shmuel Beis 5:19 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 14:10; לֵאמֹר om. Shmuel Alef 10:22 (sq. direct question), Shmuel Alef 22:10 (ל pers. for whom), Shmuel Alef 23:4; Shmuel Alef 28:6; Shmuel Beis 5:23 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 14:14; Shoftim 20:27; שׁ׳ בֵּאלֹהִים Shoftim 18:5; Shoftim 20:18; Shmuel Alef 14:37 (sq. direct question), also (ל pers. for whom), Shmuel Alef 22:13, Shmuel Alef 22:15; שׁ׳ בִּדְבַר הָא׳ Shmuel Beis 16:23; likewise שׁ׳ בְּעֵצוֹ Hoshea 4:12 (i.e. his idol), בַּתְּרָפִים Yechezkel 21:26, בָּאוֹב Divrei HaYamim Alef 10:13; perhaps = receive as oracle Devarim 18:16 (מֵעִם י׳), Jastr^l.c..

ask for oneself (Ges^{§ 51 e}), specif. ask leave of absence, c. מִן pers.: Pf. 3 ms. + Inf. abs. נִשְׁאֹל נִשְׁאַל Shmuel Alef 20:6 (sq. inf.), v Shmuel Alef 20:28 (sq. עַד;? ins. ל inf. HPS); Pf. 1 s. נִשְׁאַלְתִּי מִן־הַמֶּלֶךְ Nechemia 13:6 (abs.).

inquire carefully: Impf. 3 mpl. + Qal Inf. abs. שָׁאוֹל יְשָֽׁאֲלוּ Shmuel Beis 20:18 (Bu proposes Qal Impf. יִשְׁאֲלוּ), c. ב loc.; on foll. context v. We Dr HPS Bu.

beg, practise beggary, Pf. 3 pl. וְשִׁאֵ֑לוּ (consec.) Tehillim 109:10.

(proposes let one ask [successfully], give, or lend, on request, then) grant, make over to (as a favour, with or without request): Pf. 1 s. sf. הִשְׁאִלְתִּהוּ לי׳ Shmuel Alef 1:28 I have made him over to י׳ (cf. Dr HPS Bu and Qal Pt. pass., ib.); perhaps also read 3 fs. הִשְׁאִילָה לי׳ Shmuel Alef 2:20 (whom) she hath made over to י׳ (for שָׁאַל לי׳) Bu HPS (after 𝔊 in part; other conj. in Dr); Impf. 3 mpl. sf. rei וַיַּשְׁאִלוּם Shemos 12:36 (E) and they handed them over.

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שָׁאוּל

n.pr.m. (= asked (of י׳), cf. שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל infr.; Palm. n.pr. שאילא Lzb³⁷¹ Cooke²⁸³);—Σαουλ:

₃₉₇ 1st king of Isr., Shmuel Alef 9:2, Shmuel Alef 9:3^(×2), Shmuel Alef 9:5 (son of Kish, a Benjamite) + 359 times Sm, 28 times 1 Chr, Tehillim 18:1; Tehillim 52:2; Tehillim 54:2; Tehillim 57:1; Tehillim 59:1 (all in titles); גִּבְעַת שׁ׳ Yeshaya 10:29 (and Shmuel Alef 11:4; Shmuel Alef 15:34; Shmuel Beis 21:6 v. II. גִּבְעָה).

a king of Edom Breishis 36:37, Breishis 36:38 (P) = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:48, Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:49.

a son of Simeon Breishis 46:10; Shemos 6:15; Bamidbar 26:13 (all P) = Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:24.

a Levite Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:9.

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שְׁאָ֫לָה

Yeshaya 7:11 v. שְׁאוֹל 1.

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שְׁאֵלָה

[i. שֵׁלָה] n.f. request, thing asked for;—שְׁא׳ Shoftim 8:24 +; sf. שְׁאֵלָתִי Shmuel Alef 1:27 +, שֶׁאֱלָתִי Iyov 6:8, שְׁאֵלָתֵךְ Esther 5:6 +, שֵׁלָתֵךְ Shmuel Alef 1:17, שֶׁאֱלָתָם Tehillim 106:15;—

request, petition, Shoftim 8:24; Melachim Alef 2:16, Melachim Alef 2:20 (both acc. cogn. c. שָׁאַל), Esther 5:6, Esther 5:7 (c. נָתַן = grant), Esther 7:2, Esther 7:3; Esther 9:12. This passes easily into

thing asked for, Shmuel Alef 2:20, c. נָתַן Shmuel Alef 1:17, Shmuel Alef 1:27; Esther 5:8 Tehillim 106:15; תָּבוֹא שׁ׳ Iyov 6:8.—ii. שֵׁלָה v. infr. אֶשְׁתָּאֹל n.pr.m., v. p. 84a.

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שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל

n.pr.m. (I have asked (him) of God; on acc. cf. (late) Tehillim 137:3);—first son of Jehoiachin and uncle of Zerubbabel according to Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:17 (cf. v Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:18, Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:19); but Z.’s father Chaggai 1:1; Chaggai 2:23; Yechezkel 3:2, Yechezkel 3:8; Nechemia 12:1 (attempts at explan. in Be Kit Benz).—Σαλαθιηλ.

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שְׁאוֹל

n.f. ^{Tehillim 86:13} (appar. m. Iyov 26:6 cf. Yeshaya 14:9, v. Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 51}) Sh^eʾôl, underworld (√ dub.; שׁאל, i.e. place of inquiry (ref. to necromancy) Jastr^{Am. J. Sem. Lang. xiv. 170, cf. JBL xix (1900), 88 ff.} (Jerem^{Leben n. d. Tode 109} ‘Ort der Entscheidung’); Thes Bö^{De Inf. § 158} Di al. cp. √ שׁעל, whence שֹׁעַל hollow hand, etc.; שׁ׳ then = hollow place, ‘Hölle’, hell; other conj. v. Hup Tehillim 6:6; De Yeshaya 5:14 Beer^{Bibl. Hades} in Holtzmann^{Festgabe, 1902, 15}; most now refrain from positive etymology (e.g. Buhl); Old Aramaic שאול, Syriac ܫܝܽܘܠ; Assyrian šu-alu is dub.: so read and interpr. Dl^{Pa 121; Prol. 47, 145} Jastr^{Am. J. Sem. Lang. xiv. 165 ff.} Ency. Bib.^s.v.; opp. by Bertin^{TSBA viii. 269} Jen^{Kosmol. 223 ff.} Zim^{KAT 3. 636} al.; v. also Muss-Arnolt^{JBL xi (1892), 169} and reff.);—always abs., שְׁאוֹל Devarim 32:22 + 52 times, ה—ָ Breishis 42:38 Tehillim 9:18; שְׁאֹל Melachim Alef 2:6; Iyov 17:16, ה—ָ Breishis 37:35 + 7 times; + Yeshaya 7:11 (so read for שְׁאָ֫לָה Aq Σ Θ Du Che and now most);—

the underworld, שׁ׳ תַּחְתִּית Devarim 32:22, מִתַּחַת Yeshaya 14:9; מִשּׁ׳ מָ֑טָּה Mishlei 15:24; ‖ מָוֶת Mishlei 5:5; Mishlei 7:27; Shir HaShirim 8:6 Tehillim 89:49; whither men descend at death, Breishis 37:35 (E), Breishis 42:38; Breishis 44:29, Breishis 44:31 (J), Shmuel Alef 2:6; Melachim Alef 2:6, Melachim Alef 2:9; Iyov 7:9; Iyov 21:13; Yeshaya 14:11, Yeshaya 14:15 Tehillim 88:4, and Ḳoraḥ and associates go down alive by י׳’s judgment, Bamidbar 16:30, Bamidbar 16:33 (J), cf. Tehillim 55:16; under mts. and sea Iyov 26:6 (cf. v Iyov 26:5), בֶּטֶן שׁ׳ Yonah 2:3 (cf. v Yonah 2:7); with bars Iyov 17:16 (si vera l.: v. 𝔊 Du); פִּי שׁ׳ Tehillim 141:7; שַׁעֲרֵי שׁ׳ Yeshaya 38:10; personif. Yeshaya 28:15, Yeshaya 28:18 (‖ מות) as insatiable monster Yeshaya 5:14; Chavakuk 2:5; Mishlei 1:12; Mishlei 27:20; Mishlei 30:16; as said (fig.) to have snares, חֶבְלֵי שׁ׳, Tehillim 18:6 = Shmuel Beis 22:6, cf. מְצָרֵי שׁ׳ Tehillim 116:3; opp. (height of) שָׁמַיִם Amos 9:2; Iyov 11:8 Tehillim 139:8 + (opp. לְמָ֑עְלָה) Yeshaya 7:11 (v. supra); dark, gloomy, without return Iyov 17:13 (cf. v Iyov 17:16; Iyov 7:9; Iyov 10:21; Iyov 16:22; all being alike Iyov 3:17-19; Iyov 21:23-26); without work or knowledge or wisdom according to Koheles 9:5, Koheles 9:6, Koheles 9:10 (cf. Iyov 14:21, and v. רְפָאִים sub רפה; yet cf. Yeshaya 14:9).

condition of righteous and wicked disting. in שׁ׳ (later than Shmuel Alef 28, especially in WisdLt):

wicked יָשׁוּבוּ לִשְׁא֑וֹלָה Tehillim 9:18, יִדְּמוּ לִשׁ׳ Tehillim 31:18; death is their shepherd, without power and honour they waste away Tehillim 49:15^(×2); שׁ׳ consumes them as drought water Iyov 24:19; righteous dread it because no praise or presence of God there (as in temple) Tehillim 6:6 (cf. Tehillim 88:6), Yeshaya 38:18; deliverance from it a blessing Tehillim 30:4; Tehillim 86:13; Mishlei 23:14. In Ezek. שׁ׳ is land below, place of reproach, abode of uncircumcised Yechezkel 31:15, Yechezkel 31:16, Yechezkel 31:17; Yechezkel 32:21, Yechezkel 32:27.

righteous shall not be abandoned, לשׁ׳ Tehillim 16:10 (‖ שַׁחַת q.v.; opp. אֹרַח הַיִּים, etc., v Tehillim 16:11, cf. Tehillim 17:15), is ransomed from שׁ׳ Tehillim 49:16 (cf. Tehillim 73:23, Tehillim 73:25; Yeshaya 57:1, Yeshaya 57:2); cf. Job’s expectation and desire Iyov 14:13; Iyov 17:13 (cf. Iyov 10:21; Iyov 19:25).

later distinction of places in שׁ׳:

depths of שׁ׳ for sensualist Mishlei 9:18.

שׁ׳ וַאֲבַדּוֹן Mishlei 15:11, v. אֲבַדּוֹן. [שַׁחַת and בּוֹר, q.v., when ‖ שׁ׳, are usually in bad sense (Tehillim 88:4); prob. = pit in שׁ׳, > שׁ׳ itself as pit; words at least prepare for local distinctions of postB. Judaism and NT.]

שׁ׳ fig. of extreme degradation in sin Yeshaya 57:9; as place of exile for Israel Hoshea 13:14^(×2) (cf. Yeshaya 26:19).

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שָׁאַן

vb. Paʿl. (Ges^{§ 55d}) be at ease or at peace, rest securely (Syriac ܫܰܝܶܢ pacify, ܫܰܝܢܳܐ, Ethiopic ስንእ; peace);—Pf. 3 ms. שַׁאֲנַן Yirmiya 48:11, וְשׁ׳ consec. Yirmiya 30:10 +; 3 pl. שַׁאֲנָ֑נוּ Iyov 3:18;—be at ease, secure, undisturbed by ill fortune: וְשָׁקַט וְשׁ׳ וְאֵין מַחֲרִיד Yirmiya 30:10 = Yirmiya 46:27; Yirmiya 48:11 (of Moab); שׁ׳ מִפַּחַד רָעָה Mishlei 1:33; of rest from trouble, etc., in grave Iyov 3:18.

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שְׁאָן

v. בֵּית שְׁאָן.

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שַׁאֲנָן

adj. at ease, secure (Ba^{NB § 143 a} Ges^{§ 84 b k});—abs. שׁ׳ Yeshaya 33:20; pl. שַׁאֲנַנִּים Amos 6:1 +, שַׁאֲנַנּוֹת Yeshaya 32:9, Yeshaya 32:11, Yeshaya 32:18;—

at ease, secure: נָוֶה שׁ׳ Yeshaya 33:20 secure habitation (of Jerus.), cf. מְנוּחוֹת שׁ׳ Yeshaya 32:18 (‖ מִבְטַחִים).

as subst., one at ease, free from misfortune, Iyov 12:5.

at ease, with collat. idea of careless, wanton, arrogant, Amos 6:1; Yeshaya 32:9, Yeshaya 32:11; Zecharia 1:15 Tehillim 123:4.

as subst. abstr. = arrogance: sf. שַׁאֲנַנְךָ Melachim Beis 19:28 (‖ הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ) = Yeshaya 37:29, but < שְׁאוֹנְךָ thine uproar, Bu^{ZAW xii (1892), 36} Gr Che Marti Kit (perhaps), Bur. cf. שׁלאנן.

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שָׁאַר

vb. remain, be left over (syn. יָתַר) (NH id.; 𝔗 שְׁאַר; Sab. סאר remaining Hom^{Chr 124}; Arabic سَأَرَ, سَىِٔرَ be left over, Lane, cf. Lag^{GGN 1889, 297}; Old Aramaic שאר remainder, Nab. שארית, v. Lzb³⁷¹ SAC¹¹⁰);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Shmuel Alef 16:11 the youngest still remains.

Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁאַר Breishis 47:18 +; 3 fs. נִשְׁאֲרָה Yehoshua 13:1; Daniel 10:8, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁאֵר Yeshaya 11:11, Yeshaya 11:16, וַיִּשָּׁ֫אֶר Breishis 7:23, etc.; Pt. נִשְׁאָר Breishis 32:9 +, וְנֵאשֲׁאַר Yechezkel 9:8 (read וְנִשְׁאָר Hi Toy Krae, וָאֶשָּׁ֫אֶר Sm; del. 𝔊 Hi Co Siegf Berthol); f. נִשְׁאָרָה Melachim Beis 19:30 = Yeshaya 37:31, נִשְׁאֶ֫רֶת Shemos 10:5; Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:6, נִשְׁאָ֑רֶת Yehoshua 13:2, etc.;—

be left over (sometimes ‖ נוֹתַר) Shemos 8:27; Shemos 10:19; Shemos 14:28 (all J), Yehoshua 11:22 (D), Shoftim 7:3 Shmuel Beis 14:7 +; in restrictive cl. לֹא נ׳ זוּלַת Melachim Beis 24:14 there were left only, etc., לֹא נ׳ לִפְנֵי אֲדֹנִי בִּלְתִּי אִם וגו׳ Breishis 47:18 (J); sq. acc. adv. (Ges^{§ 118 q}), or appos., Devarim 4:27; Ezra 9:15; cf. נ׳ בִּמְתֵי מְעָ֑ט Devarim 28:62 (Ges^{§ 119 i}); sometimes c. ב loc. Shemos 8:5, Shemos 8:7 (J), Yirmiya 38:22 +; c. אֵת (prep. loc.) †Yehoshua 23:7, Yehoshua 23:12 (D); c. מִן = be left from (of) †Shemos 10:5 (J), Devarim 3:11; Yehoshua 13:12 (D), Yeshaya 11:11, Yeshaya 11:16; Yirmiya 8:3 (pt.; v b del. הַנּי 𝔊 𝔖 Hi Gf Gie Co), Nechemia 1:2, Nechemia 1:3, נ׳ מְעַט מֵהַרְבֵּה Yirmiya 42:2; c. לְ to or for, †Melachim Beis 10:11, Melachim Beis 10:17 (pt.), Zecharia 9:7; Divrei HaYamim Beis 21:17, הַנּ׳ לָכֶם מִן־הַבָּרָד Shemos 10:5, cf. Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:6 and (ב loc. for ל) Yirmiya 21:7; c. בְּ, in, among, of, †Shmuel Alef 11:11; Yeshaya 17:6; Yirmiya 34:7; Yirmiya 37:10; Vayikra 26:36, Vayikra 26:39 (H; pt.), Vayikra 25:52 (P; of years), even הַנּ׳ בַּדָּם Vayikra 5:9 (P) the rest of the blood; c. עַל †Shmuel Alef 5:4; c. inf. נ׳ לְרִשְׁתָּהּ †Yehoshua 13:1 (D); = be left alive, survive, †Breishis 7:23 (J), Yechezkel 9:8 (but on text v. supr.); הַנּ׳ = the survivors, †Breishis 14:10; Shmuel Alef 11:11; Yechezkel 17:21; pt. as term. techn. = the (purified) remainder, remnant (cf. שְׁאָר, שְׁאֵרִית) Yeshaya 4:3 (ב loc.; ‖ הַנּוֹתָר), Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:21 (ב loc.).—הַנּ׳ Shmuel Alef 9:24 is dub.; what is left over, in polite depreciation, Bu; read הַשְּׁאֵר HPS.

be left behind, Shemos 10:26 (E), Bamidbar 11:26 (JE); c. לְבַדּוֹ Breishis 42:38 (J), cf. Yeshaya 49:21 Daniel 10:8; of widow Rus 1:3, †מִן of the dead v Rus 1:5.

Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁאִיר Shemos 10:12 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁאִיר Devarim 28:51, 1 pl. נַשְׁאֵר Shmuel Alef 14:36 (Ges^{§ 48 g; 109 d} Kö^{p. 466 f.}), etc.; Inf. cstr. הַשְׁאִיר Ezra 9:8, v. also infr.;—

leave over, spare, c. acc. Shemos 10:12 (E), Melachim Beis 25:22; Yirmiya 49:9 = Ovadia 1:5, Yehoshua 11:14 (D), Shoftim 6:4; אֶסְלַח לַאֲשֶׁר אַשׁ׳ Yirmiya 50:20; especially לֹא הִשׁ׳ שָׂרִיד leave no survivor, Yehoshua 10:28, cf. v Yehoshua 10:30, Yehoshua 10:37, Yehoshua 10:39, Yehoshua 10:40 (all D), so עַד־בִּלְתִּי הִשׁ׳ שׂ׳ (sometimes c. ל pers.) Bamidbar 21:35 (E) = Devarim 3:3, cf. Devarim 2:34; Yehoshua 8:22; Yehoshua 11:8 (both JE), Yehoshua 10:33 (D), Melachim Beis 10:11, and מִבְּלִי הִשׁ׳ לוֹ כֹּ֑ל Devarim 28:55 (in all these read Inf. cstr. הַשׁ׳ v. Dr Devarim 3:3; Devarim 7:24); c. ב, among, of, Shmuel Alef 14:36, ב loc. Melachim Alef 19:18; Tzefania 3:12 (in both of preserving a pious remnant, cf. שְׁאָר, שְׁאֵרִית), also Melachim Beis 3:25 (Bur reads בָּנֶיהָ for אֲבָנֶיהָ, Kit אֲנָשִׁים, cf. Klo Benz); c. לְ pers. Devarim 28:51; Melachim Alef 15:29; Melachim Alef 16:11; Melachim Beis 13:7; Ezra 9:8; c. מִן, from, of, Melachim Beis 10:14, מִן part. Shmuel Alef 25:22; Melachim Beis 25:12 = Yirmiya 52:16; Yirmiya 39:10.

leave or keep over (מִן part.) till morning Bamidbar 9:12 (P).

תַּשׁ׳ מֵאָה Amos 5:3 the city shall have 100 left, cf. v Amos 5:3.

leave as a gift, וְהִשׁ׳ אַחֲרָיו בְּרָכָה Yoel 2:14.—We Now read וַיַּשְׁאֵר Malachi 2:15, v. שְׁאָר.

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שְׁאָר

n.m. ^{Yeshaya 16:14} rest, residue, remnant (= יֶתֶר, especially Is. and late; on form Kö^{ii. 1, 141} Nö^{Beitr. z. Sem. W. 30});—שׁ׳ abs. Yeshaya 14:22 +, cstr. Yeshaya 10:19 +;—rest, residue, remainder, of trees Yeshaya 10:19, silver Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:14, city Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:8, territory Esther 9:12; שׁ׳ דִּבְרֵי שְׁלֹמהֹ Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:29 (יֶתֶר in ‖ Melachim Alef 11:41, and usually in like phrase, v. p. 451 f.); of men Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:41; Ezra 3:8; Ezra 4:3, Ezra 4:7; Nechemia 10:29; Nechemia 11:1, Nechemia 11:20; Esther 9:16; of Moab Yeshaya 16:14; Aram Yeshaya 17:3 (= last remnant), archers of Kedar Yeshaya 21:17; = posterity, שֵׁם וּשׁ׳ וְנִין וָנֶכֶד Yeshaya 14:22 (of Babylon); שׁ׳ הַבַּעַל Tzefania 1:4, i.e. Baal, to the last remnant, vestige (so We al.; 𝔊 שֵׁם, cf. Schwally Now GASm); term. techn. = purified remnant of Israel (Gie^{Beiträge 37 f.}) Yeshaya 10:20 (‖ פְּלֵיטָה), v Yeshaya 10:21^(×2), Yeshaya 10:22; Yeshaya 11:11, Yeshaya 11:16; Yeshaya 28:5.—וּשׁ׳ רוּחַ לוֹ Malachi 2:15 is obscure; read וַיַּשְׁאֵר ר׳ לָנוּ We Now, cf. GASm.

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שְׁאֵרִית

n.f. rest, residue, remnant, remainder (= שָׁאָר);—שׁ׳ abs. Shmuel Beis 14:7 +, cstr. Yechezkel 36:3 +, שֵׁרִית (Ges^{§ 23 f}) Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:39 (van d. H. v Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:38); sf. שְׁאֵרִיתֵךְ Yeshaya 14:30; Yechezkel 5:10, -תוֹ Yeshaya 44:17, -תָם Yirmiya 15:9;—

rest, what is left, of wood Yeshaya 44:17, land Yeshaya 15:9 (‖ פְּלֵיטָה), Yirmiya 47:4, Yirmiya 47:5; Yechezkel 25:16; שׁ׳ חֵמֹת Tehillim 76:11 is difficult (Gr [cf. Che] proposes חֲמָת Hamath, Du אֻמֹּת tribes); rest of princes Yirmiya 39:3, of nations (= the other nations, Toy) Yechezkel 36:3, Yechezkel 36:4, Yechezkel 36:5; of Israel Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:39 (van d. H. v Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:38), Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:9; Nechemia 7:70 (van d. H. v Nechemia 7:71); = last remnant of people, Philistines Amos 1:8 (cf. We), Yeshaya 14:30, Edom Amos 9:12, Anathoth Yirmiya 11:23, Ashdod Yirmiya 25:20, Babylon Yirmiya 50:26, Amalek Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:43 (+ הַפְּלֵיטָה), Isr. Melachim Beis 21:14; Yirmiya 6:9; Yirmiya 15:9; remnant left after catastrophe Amos 5:15; Yirmiya 8:3; Yirmiya 24:8; Yirmiya 40:11, Yirmiya 40:15; Yirmiya 41:10, Yirmiya 41:16; Yirmiya 42:2, Yirmiya 42:15, Yirmiya 42:19; Yirmiya 43:5; Yirmiya 44:12, Yirmiya 44:14, Yirmiya 44:28; Yechezkel 5:10; Yechezkel 9:8; Yechezkel 11:13; Chaggai 1:12, Chaggai 1:14; Chaggai 2:2; even וְשַׂמְתִּי אֶת־הַצֹּלֵעָה לִשׁ׳ Micha 4:7 (as promise, ‖ גּוֹי עָצוּם, cf. Gie^{Beiträge, 42 f.}); = survivors Yirmiya 44:7, הַשּׁ׳ מִן־הַחֶרֶב Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:20; = faithful remnant of Israel or Judah (term. techn. of proph., cf. שְׁאָר ad fin.), Melachim Beis 19:4 = Yeshaya 37:4; Melachim Beis 19:31 (‖ פְּלֵיטָה) = Yeshaya 37:32 (‖ id.), Micha 2:12; Micha 5:6, Micha 5:7; Micha 7:18; Ezra 9:14 (‖ id.), Yeshaya 46:3; Yirmiya 23:3; Yirmiya 31:7; Tzefania 2:7, Tzefania 2:9 (‖ יֶתֶר), Tzefania 3:13; Zecharia 8:6, Zecharia 8:11, Zecharia 8:12.

remainder = descendants (= שְׁאָר Yeshaya 14:22): Breishis 45:7, שֵׁם וּשׁ׳ Shmuel Beis 14:7.

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שׁאר

(√ of foll.; cf. Assyrian šêru, Pun. שאד, flesh, Arabic ثَأْرٌ blood revenge, so Sab. תֿאר, Sab.Denkm.^{No. 5, l.7}; perhaps orig. blood (cf. Yirmiya 51:35), Nö^{ZMG xi (1886), 723} and Id.^{M 101}, who cp. Mand. תירתא = ܬܻܐܪܳܬܐ conscience, mind, etc., perhaps proposes midriff, cf. Hoffm^infr.).

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שְׁאֵר

n.m. ^{Tehillim 73:26} flesh (perhaps orig. the inner flesh, full of blood, next the bones, cf. Hoffm^{ZAW iii (1883), 107}, and בָּשָׂר = (orig.) flesh next the skin);—שׁ׳ abs. Tehillim 78:20, Tehillim 78:27, cstr. Micha 3:3 +, sf. שְׁאֵרִי Yirmiya 51:35 Tehillim 73:26, etc.;—

flesh:

as food, Shemos 21:10 (HPS also Shmuel Alef 9:24, for הַנִּשְׁאָר), Tehillim 78:20 (‖ לֶחֶם), v Tehillim 78:27 (‖ עוֹף בָּנָף); fig. Micha 3:2 (‖ עוֹר), v Micha 3:3 (‖ id.), Yirmiya 51:35 (‖ דָּם).

fig. for physical power Tehillim 73:26 (+ לֵבָב), Mishlei 5:11 (+ בָּשָׂר).

in HP = flesh- (= blood-) relation (i.e. one near of kin): שְׁאֵר אָבִיךָ Vayikra 18:12, cf. v Vayikra 18:13; Vayikra 20:19, also Vayikra 18:17 (read שְׁאֵרְךָ for שַׁאֲרָה, 𝔊 Ew Dr-Wh; cf. Di Baen); + הַקָּרֹב אֵלָיו Vayikra 21:2 Bamidbar 27:11; שׁ׳ בְּשָׂרוֹ Vayikra 18:6; Vayikra 25:49.

= self, Mishlei 11:17 (‖ נֶפֶשׁ).

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שַׁאֲרָה

Vayikra 18:17 v. שְׁאֵר 2.

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שֶׁאֱרָה

n.pr.f. ‘daughter’ of Ephraim;—בִּתּוֹ שׁ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:24 (v. also n.pr.loc. אֻזֵּן שׁ׳ p. 25a supr.); 𝔊^b ἐκείνοις τ. καταλοίποις, but 𝔊L (cf. 𝔊^a) ἡ θυγάτηρ αὐτοῦ Σαραα.

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שֵׁאת²

v. שׁאה.

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שְׁבָא

n.pr.gent. et terr. Sh^ebâ, in SW. Arabia (Sab. סבא DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 9}, סבא vb. = make campaign Mordt^{HI 72} or expedition Sab.Denkm.^{No. 12, 1, 5, 14}; cf. DSMargoliouth^{HastDB sheba} F.B.^{Ency. Bib. sheba} and reff.);—Sheba: מַלְכַּת־שׁ׳ Melachim Alef 10:1, Melachim Alef 10:4, Melachim Alef 10:10, Melachim Alef 10:13 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:1, Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:3, Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:9, Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:12; מַלְכֵי שׁ׳ Tehillim 72:10; famous for trade, רֹכְלֵי שׁ׳ Yechezkel 27:22, Yechezkel 27:23, הֲלִיכֹת שׁ׳ Iyov 6:19 (‖ תֵּמָא); yielding costly wares Yechezkel 38:13, זְהַב שׁ׳ Tehillim 72:15, לְבוֹנָה מִשּׁ׳ Yirmiya 6:20 (‖ מֵאֶרֶץ מֶרְחָק, cf. foll.), paying homage and tribute to Israel in future Yeshaya 60:6; descended from (Yoḳtan and) Shem Breishis 10:28 (J) = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:22, from (Yoḳshan and) Abr. and Ḳeṭûrâh Breishis 25:3 (J?) = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:32 (i.e. a northern branch of Sheba, + דְּדָן, q.v.), but from כּוּשׁ Breishis 10:7 (P) = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:9; marauders, N. Arabia, Iyov 1:15.

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שְׁבָבִים

n.[m.]pl. probably splinters;—שׁ׳ יִהְיֶה עֵגֶל שֹׁמְרוֹן Hoshea 8:6 (cf. We; Vrss appar. conjecture).

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שָׁבִיב

n.m. probably flame (Biblical Aramaic שְׁבִיב);—cstr. וְלֹא יִגַּהּ שְׁבִיב אִשּׁוֹ Iyov 18:5 (‖ אוֹר); so Ecclus Ben Sira 8:10; Ben Sira 45:19.

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שָׁבָה

vb. take captive (NH, Old Aramaic id.; Arabic سَبَا (سبى); Aramaic שְׁבָא ܫܒܳܐ );—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Yirmiya 41:14; sf. וְשָׁבָם (consec.) Yirmiya 43:12 (but read וְשָׁבָה Gie; Du conj. וְשָֽׁמְמוּ); 2 ms. שָׁבִיתָ Melachim Beis 6:22 Tehillim 68:19, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁבְּ Bamidbar 21:1 Yirmiya 41:10, etc.; Imv. ms. וּשְׁבֵה Shoftim 5:12; Inf. cstr. שְׁבוֹת Ovadia 1:11; Pt. act. pl. שֹׁבִים Yeshaya 14:2, etc.; pass. mpl. שְׁבוּיִם Yeshaya 61:1, fpl. cstr. שְׁבֻיוֹת Breishis 31:26;—take captive:

c. acc. pers., Bamidbar 24:22 (JE), Shmuel Alef 30:2; Melachim Beis 5:2; Melachim Beis 6:22 (+ ב instr.) Yirmiya 41:10^(×2) (but v Yirmiya 41:10 Gie reads וַיַּשְׁכֵּם, cf. 𝔊 Luc), v Yirmiya 41:14, Breishis 34:29 (P), Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:8 (+ מִן part.), + 6 times; + Yirmiya 43:12 appar. c. acc. idols (but v. supra; acc. of land Gie).

acc. חֵילוֹ Ovadia 1:11, הָֽרְכוּשׁ Divrei HaYamim Beis 21:17, cattle, etc., Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:21; Divrei HaYamim Beis 14:14.

pt. in periphrast. conjug. (לְשֹׁבֵיהֶם) וְהָיוּ שֹׁבִים Yeshaya 14:2; pt. c. sf. = their captives, etc., Melachim Alef 8:46 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:36; Yeshaya 14:2; Yirmiya 50:33, + 5 times; pt. pass. Yeshaya 61:1 = captives; כִּשְׁבֻיוֹת חָ֑רֶב Breishis 31:26 my daughters as captives of the sword.

c. acc. cogn. שְׁבִי Shoftim 5:12 lead captive thy captives, cf. Tehillim 68:19 Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:17, so (+ מִן pers.) Bamidbar 21:1 (JE), and (acc. שִׁבְיָה) Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:5, Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:11; שׁ׳ שִׁבְיוֹ Devarim 21:10 = take him captive.

be taken captive: Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁבָּה, of man Breishis 14:14, of beast Shemos 22:9 (E), of עֵדֶר י׳ Yirmiya 13:17; 3 pl. נִשְׁבּוּ, human subj. Shmuel Alef 30:3, Shmuel Alef 30:5; Melachim Alef 8:47 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:37; Yechezkel 6:9.

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שְׁבִי

n.m. Yeshaya 49:24 captivity, captives (coll.);—שׁ׳ abs. Shemos 12:29 +, cstr. Ezra 2:1 +; שֶׁ֑בִי Bamidbar 21:1 +; sf. שֶׁבְיְךָ Shoftim 5:12, שִׁבְיוֹ Devarim 21:10, שְׁבִיכֶם Bamidbar 31:19, etc.;—

= state of captivity, הָלַךְ בַּשְּׁ׳ Amos 9:4; Devarim 28:41; Nachum 3:10; Yirmiya 20:6; Yirmiya 22:22; Yirmiya 30:16 Yechezkel 12:11 (+ בַּגּוֹלָה), Yechezkel 30:17, Yechezkel 30:18; Yeshaya 46:2; Eicha 1:18, = הָלַךְ שְׁבִי v Eicha 1:5; בַּשְּׁבִי יָבִא Daniel 11:8; נָתַן בַּשְּׁ׳ Ezra 9:7, נָתַן לַשְּׁ׳ Tehillim 78:61, לֻקַּח בַּשֶּׁ֑בִי Yirmiya 48:46; וַאֲשֶׁר לַשְּׁבִי לַשֶּׁ֑בִי Yirmiya 15:2; Yirmiya 43:11, וְנָשֵׁינוּ בַּשְּׁ׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:9; בִּשְׁבִי instr. of judgment Daniel 11:33; אֶרֶץ שׁ׳ Yirmiya 30:10; 46:27;Yirmiya 30:16 Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:37, Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:38; phr. of deliverance (only Ezr Ne): נִשְׁאֲרוּ מִן־הַשְּׁ׳ Nechemia 1:2, cf. v Nechemia 1:3, הַשָּׁבִים מִן־הַשְּׁ׳ Nechemia 8:17, הָעֹלִים מִשְּׁבִי הַגּוֹלָה Ezra 2:1 = Nechemia 7:6, הַבָּאִים מֵהַשְּׁ׳ Ezra 3:8; Ezra 8:35.

act of capture, עִם שׁ׳ סוּסֵיכֶם Amos 4:10 שִׂמְלַת שִׁבְיָהּ Devarim 21:13 i.e. garb in which she was captured (> others captivity in both: Amos 4:10 = your captive horses; Devarim 21:13 her captive’s garb).

= captives (coll.): Shemos 12:29 (J), Bamidbar 31:12, Bamidbar 31:19, Bamidbar 31:26 (man and beast), Yeshaya 20:4 (‖ גָּלוּת), Yeshaya 49:24, Yeshaya 49:25 Chavakuk 1:9 + Yechezkel 32:9 𝔊 al. (v. שֶׁבֶר ad fin.); appar. fs. Yeshaya 52:2 (but v. שָׁבִי); object of שָׁבָה (q.v.) Shoftim 5:12 (> שֹׁבֶיךָ 𝔖 JDMich We Bu Now), Bamidbar 21:1 (JE), Devarim 21:10 Tehillim 68:19; Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:17.

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שִׁבְיָה

n.f. captivity, captives (coll.), cf. שְׁבִי;—always abs. שׁ׳;—

state of captivity, Yirmiya 48:46 (of בָּנוֹת, ‖ שְׁבִי of בָּנִים); אֶרֶץ שׁ׳ Nechemia 3:36.

body of captives, Devarim 21:11; Devarim 32:42 (‖ חָלָל), Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:13, Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:14, Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:15; object of שָׁבָה, v ⁵ (שׁ׳ גדולה), הָשִׁיבוּ הַשּׁ׳ אֲשֶׁר שְׁבִיתֶם v ¹¹.

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שְׁבִית

n.f. id. (√ שׁבה 𝔊 Thes SS Preusschen^{ZAW xv (1895), 1 ff.} Krae Yechezkel 16:53; > √ שׁוב Ew^{JBW v (1852–3), 216 f.; § 165 b} Ol§ ^{412, 417} Bö^{§ 464} Kue ^{TTijdschr. vii. 519 ff.} Oort^{Ib. xiv. 157} Schwally^{ZAW viii (1888), 200} al.; Kö^{ii. 1, 166 f., 474; ii. 2. § 329 i} thinks deriv. of שׁבה and שׁוב are confused, cf. Ew^{§ 166 b});—abs. שְׁבִית Bamidbar 21:29; cstr. שְׁבוּת Hoshea 6:11 +, sf. שְׁבוּתְךָ Devarim 30:3, שְׁבִיתְהֶן Yechezkel 16:53 (v. infr.), שְׁבוּתֵיכֶם Tzefania 3:20 (read -תְכֶם Now GASm), etc. [MT has שְׁבוּת, etc. 16 times, + Kt (שְׁבִית Qr) Tzefania 2:7 Tehillim 85:2; Tehillim 126:4 + Yechezkel 16:53 (Gi, but Baer שְׁבִיתְהֶן Kt et Qr, v. his note), + Qr (Kt שׁבית) Yirmiya 29:14; Yirmiya 49:39; Yechezkel 16:53 b, c + v d (but < read וְשַׁבְתִּ֫י for וּשְׁב֯יו Vrss Comm.), Eicha 2:14; Iyov 42:10; שְׁבִית Kt et Qr Bamidbar 21:29, שְׁבִיתַיִךְ Yechezkel 16:53 (but Co Krae שְׁבוּתֵךְ); שְׁבִית prob. earlier Ew^§; ^{186 b} al. Tehillim 126:1 read prob. שְׁבִית for שִׁיבַת];—

in cl. נָתַן בַּשִּׁבִית Bamidbar 21:29 (JE) give his daughters into captivity (or as captives, ‖ פְּלֵיטִם of sons, cf. Yirmiya 48:46); cf. (perhaps) Eicha 1:7 (v. [מִשְׁבָּת] sub שׁבת).

in phr. restore the captivity of, acc. after שׁוּב, הֵשִׁיב, י׳ subj. [vb. Qal Devarim 30:3 + 15 times, + Yechezkel 16:53 Tehillim 126:1 (v. supr.); Hiph. Yirmiya 32:44 + 5 times, + Qal Kt, Hiph. Qr, Yirmiya 33:26 + 2 times]:

of Isr. (or Judah) Hoshea 6:11 (𝔊 joins to Hoshea 7:1, so as gloss, We Now), Tzefania 2:7; Tzefania 3:20; Devarim 30:3; Yirmiya 29:14; Yirmiya 30:3, Yirmiya 30:18 (שׁ׳ אָהֳלֵי יַעֲקֹב), Yirmiya 31:23; Yirmiya 32:44; Yirmiya 33:7^(×2), Yirmiya 33:11 (שׁ׳ הָאָרֶץ), v Yirmiya 33:26 Eicha 2:14 (subj. proph.), Yechezkel 16:53 a, c, d (on text v. supr.), Yechezkel 39:25 Amos 9:14; Yoel 4:1 Tehillim 14:7 = Tehillim 53:7, Tehillim 85:2; Tehillim 126:1 (v. supr.), v Tehillim 126:4.

of other nations Yirmiya 48:47 (cf. v Yirmiya 48:46), Yirmiya 49:6, Yirmiya 49:39; Yechezkel 29:14 (cf. v Yechezkel 29:13).

appar. in more gen. sense, restore fortunes of Sodom Yechezkel 16:53 b (Krae, cf. foll.).

restore fortunes of individuals, Iyov 42:10.

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שְׁבוֹ

n.[f.] a precious stone (relation to above √ dub.; = Assyrian šubû; 𝔊 𝔙 agate);—Shemos 28:19 = Shemos 39:12 (+ לֶשֶׁם, אַחְלָ֑מָה).

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שְׁבוּאֵל

n.pr.m. son of Gershom Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:16; Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:24 (שְׁבֻ׳), = שׁוּבָאֵל Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:20^(×2), of Herman Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:4 = שׁוּבָאֵל v Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:20 (cf. Benz on these lists).—𝔊 in all usually Σουβαηλ, 𝔊L usually —βιηλ.

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שָׁבַח

vb. Pi. soothe, still (Arabic سَبَخَ be free from care, etc., Jen^{ZA i (1886), 188; iv (1889), 268}, cp. Assyrian pašâḫu, grow calm, so Ba^{ES 9} Schulth^Lex.);—

Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְשַׁבְּחֶ֑נָּה Mishlei 29:11 he stilleth it, i.e. רוּחוֹ his temper (Bi Toy read חָשַׁךְ אַפּוֹ); 2 ms. sf. תְּשַׁבְּחֵם Tehillim 89:10 thou stillest them, i.e. waves (‖ גֵּאוּת הַיָּם).

Pt. prob. Mass error for Pi. מְשַׁבֵּחַ) מַשְׁבִּיחַ שְׁאוֹן יַמּים Tehillim 65:8 stilling the roar of the seas.

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שָׁבַח²

vb.

laud, praise (late Aramaism, cf. Aramaic (incl. Old Aramaic) שׁבח, ܫܒܚ, Pa. praise; v. Schwally^{Idiot. 91} Schulth^Lex.);—

laud, praise God (י׳): Impf. 3 mpl. sf. יְשַׁבְּח֑וּנְךָ Tehillim 63:4 (‖ בֵּרַךְ); Imv. fs. שַׁבְּחִי Tehillim 147:12, mpl. sf. שַׁבְּח֫וּהוּ Tehillim 117:1 (both ‖ הִלֵּל); his works, Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׁבַּח Tehillim 145:4 (‖ הִגִּיד).

commend, congratulate, the dead, Inf. abs. שַׁבֵּחַ Koheles 4:2 (Ges^{§ 113 gg}; c. מִן comp.); mirth, as best thing, Pf. 1 s. שִׁבַּחְתִּי Koheles 8:15.

boast of (בְּ): Inf. cstr. הִשְׁתַּבֵּחַ Tehillim 106:47 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:35, 𝔊 (ἐλ)καυχᾶσθαι ἐν.

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שֵׁ֫בֶט

n.m. ^{Bamidbar 24:17} (f. Yechezkel 21:15, Yechezkel 21:18 but corrupt): 1. rod, staff, club, sceptre. 2. tribe;—שׁ׳ abs. Breishis 49:10 +, cstr. Shmuel Alef 10:20 +; שָׁ֑בֶט Devarim 1:23 +; sf. שִׁבְטוֹ Shoftim 21:24 +, etc.; pl. שְׁבָטִים Melachim Alef 11:31 +, cstr. שִׁבְטֵי Breishis 49:16 +, sf. שְׁבָטֶיךָ Devarim 12:14 +, etc.;—

rod, staff (evidently common article), for smiting (especially הִכָּה בַשּׁ׳) Shemos 21:20 (E), Micha 4:14; Yeshaya 10:15 (in sim.; ‖ מַטֶּה), Mishlei 10:13 +; שׁ׳ מוּסָר Mishlei 22:15, cf. Mishlei 29:15; for beating (חָבַט) cummin Yeshaya 28:27 (‖ מַטֶּה); as (inferior) weapon (opp. חֲנִית Shmuel Beis 23:21 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:23 (cf. מַקֵּל Shmuel Alef 17:40, Shmuel Alef 17:43); fig. of י׳’s chastisement: national Yeshaya 10:24; Yeshaya 30:31 (both ‖ מַטֶּה), Yeshaya 14:29, שׁ׳ אַפִּי Yeshaya 10:5, שׁ׳ עֶבְרָתוֹ Eicha 3:1; individual Iyov 9:34; Iyov 21:9 (שׁ׳ אֱלוֹהַּ), Iyov 37:13, Shmuel Beis 7:14 (שׁ׳ אֲנָשִׁים, i.e. not in-human), Tehillim 89:33 (both ‖ נְנָעִים).

shaft, i.e. spear, dart, Shmuel Beis 18:14, but < read שְׁלָתִים, 𝔊 βέλη, Th We Kit HPS Bu.

shepherd’s implement, club, Tehillim 23:4 (‖ מִשְׁעֶנֶת), רֶעֵה בְשׁ׳ Micha 7:14 (both fig. of י׳); used in mustering or counting sheep Yechezkel 20:37 (fig.), Vayikra 27:32 (cf. Yirmiya 33:13), v. Mackie^{Hast.DB rod}.

truncheon, sceptre, mark of authority, שׁ׳ סֹפֵר Shoftim 5:14, שׁ׳ מֹשְׁלִים Yeshaya 14:5 (‖ מַטֶּה), Breishis 49:10 (poem in J; ‖ מְחֹקֵק), Zecharia 10:11 Tehillim 45:7^(×2) Yechezkel 19:11, Yechezkel 19:14 (made from a branch, מַטֶּה); a ruler is תּוֹמֵךְ שׁ׳ Amos 1:5, Amos 1:8; as symbol of conquest Bamidbar 24:17 (JE); שׁ׳ בַּרְזֶל Tehillim 2:9 (of Mess. king); שׁ׳ הָרֶשַׁע Tehillim 125:3; שׁ׳ עֶבְרָתוֹ Mishlei 22:8 (si vera l., cf. Frankenb. Toy).—Vid. מַטֶּה, מַקֵּל, מִשְׁעֶנֶת.

tribe (syn. מַטֶּה q.v. 3, p. 641b), especially

of (12) tribes of Israel, Breishis 49:16, Breishis 49:28 (poem in J), Devarim 33:5 (poem), Shemos 24:4 (E), + often [JE 13 times, D 28 times (מַטֶּה not JED), P 9 times (cf. Gray Bamidbar 4:18; מ׳ 150 times + in P); Ju 15 times (never מ׳) S 14 times (never מ׳), K 13 times (מ׳ 2 times), Chr 15 times (מ׳ 23 times), ψψ 7 times (never מ׳), proph. 16 times (מ׳ †Chavakuk 3:9, very dub.)]; Shoftim 20:12; Shmuel Alef 9:21 read שֵׁבֶט (or שִׁבְטִי Ges^{§ 90 1}, We Sta^{§ 343 e} Dr, for שִׁבְטֵי), Vrss (GFM Ju); שִׁבְטֵי־יָהּ Tehillim 122:4; שִׁבְטֵי נַחֲלָתֶ֑ךָ Yeshaya 63:17.

sg. of people (of Judah, late) Tehillim 74:2, but Yirmiya 10:16 = Yirmiya 51:9 del. שׁ׳ נ׳ Gf Gie Du

of subdivision of tribe, שׁ׳ מִשְׁפְּחוֹת וגו׳ Bamidbar 4:18 (P).—Shmuel Beis 7:7 read שֹׁפְטֵי (cf. v Shmuel Beis 7:11, ‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 17:6, Ew Th We Dr HPS Bu al.).

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שַׁרְבִֿיט

n.m. sceptre (expanded from foreg., Ges^{§ 85 w});—only Est: abs. הַשּׁ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:2; cstr. שׁ׳ הַוָּהָב Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:11; Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:2; שַׁרְבִט הַוּ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:4.

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שְׁבָט

n.pr. mens. Sh^ebāṭ, 11th month (post-ex.) = Feb.–March; loan-word from Bab. Šabâṭu (COT Nechemia 1^(×2) Dl^WB), Zecharia 1:7 (der. from šabâṭu, strike, kill, destroy (DlProl^{. 38; WB}), Lyon ^{Bib. Sacr. Apr. 1884, 384} Jen^{ZA iv (1889), 273} Muss-Arn^{JBL xi (1892), 171 f.} al., as month of destroying rain; another conjecture in Zim^{KAT 3. 594 n.}; this month called שבט also in Nab. Palm., v. Lzb SAC ¹¹¹).

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שְׁבִי²

v. שׁכה.

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שֹׁ֫בֶל

n.[m.] flowing skirt, train;—abs. חֶשְׂפִּי־שׁ׳ Yeshaya 47:2 strip off (thy) train.

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שִׁבֹּ֫לֶת

n.f. flowing stream;—שׁ׳ abs. Tehillim 69:3, as test of dialect Shoftim 12:6 (cf; סִבֹּלֶת and GFM); cstr. שׁ׳ מַיִם Tehillim 69:16, שׁ׳ הַנָּהָר Yeshaya 27:12.

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שׁוֹבָל

n.pr.m.

Edomite name Breishis 36:20, Breishis 36:23, Breishis 36:29 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:38, Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:40.

in Caleb Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:50, Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:52.

in Judah Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:1, Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:2.—Σαβα(λ), Σουβαλ.

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שַׁבְּלוּל²

v. בלל.

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שֶׁבְנָא

n.pr.m. secretary and major-domo of Hezekiah; -נָא Yeshaya 22:15, Yeshaya 36:22; Yeshaya 37:2 = Melachim Beis 18:37; Melachim Beis 19:2; Yeshaya 36:3, Yeshaya 36:11 = -נָה Melachim Beis 18:18, Melachim Beis 18:26.—Σομνας.

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שֶׁ֫בַע

n.m. et f. seven (NH id., MI¹⁶ שבעת; Assyrian sibi, sibittu (Dl^{Gr. § 65, 6}; s = שׁ), Arabic سَبْعٌ, سَبْعَةٌ Sab. סבע Hom^{Chr 47, 124}, Ethiopic ሰብዑ: ሰብዐቱ: Ph. (Pun.) שבע, Nab. שבע, שבעה, Palm. שבעא, שבעה; Aramaic שִׁבְעָא,שְׁבַע, ܫܒܰܥ, ܫܰܒܥܳܐ; on etym. cf. Lag^{BN 37 f.});—m. (c. n.f.) abs. שֶׁבַע Breishis 41:2 + 115 times; cstr. שְׁבַע Breishis 5:26 + 47 times, especially P (15 times) and Chr (20 times), וּשֲׁבַע Melachim Alef 14:21. f. (c. n.m.) abs. שִׁבְעָה Breishis 4:24 + 100 times; cstr. שִׁבְעַת Breishis 7:10 + 120 times; sf. שְׁבַעְתָּם Shmuel Beis 21:9 Qr (so Vrss and mod.; v. Dr; > Kt שִׁבְעָתַיִם);—seven:

without other num.:

שֶׁבַע, before n.fpl. Breishis 21:28 (J), Shoftim 16:13; Yeshaya 4:1 + 80 times, especially שׁ׳ שָׁנִים Breishis 29:18 (E) + 32 times (but read שׁלוֹשׁ for שֶׁבַע Shmuel Beis 24:13, cf. v b, c, also 𝔊 and ‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:12; so Th We Dr Bu HPS Now), שׁ׳ פְּעָמִים Breishis 33:3 (J), Vayikra 4:6 (P) + 17 times; שׁ׳ בָּאַמָּה רָחְבָּתּ Melachim Alef 6:6; after noun Yechezkel 40:20, Yechezkel 40:26; n. om. Iyov 5:19; Mishlei 6:16, + (= שׁ׳ פְּעָמִים) Vayikra 26:18, Vayikra 26:21, Vayikra 26:24, Vayikra 26:28 (H), Tehillim 119:164 Mishlei 24:16.

שִׁבְעָה, before n.mpl. Bamidbar 23:1^(×3) (E) + 40 times + Iyov 42:13 (read שׁ׳ for שִׁבְעָ֫נָה Ges^{§ 97 c} and most); + (distrib.) שׁ׳ וְשׁ׳ Zecharia 4:2; after n. Breishis 7:4 (J), Shemos 25:37 (P) + 12 times (P Ch Dn Pr); n. om. Shmuel Alef 2:5 + 9 times, incl. שׁ׳ as ordinal, v. infr.; but read שְׂבָכָה for שִׁבְעָה Melachim Alef 7:17^(×2) 𝔊 Th Kmp Klo Benz Kit Bur; also שׁ׳ שׁ׳ distrib. = 7 each Breishis 7:2, Breishis 7:3 (J); as pred. Breishis 46:25 (P).

שִׁבְעַת, before n.pl. Bamidbar 23:4 (E), Bamidbar 8:2 (P), Yechezkel 45:23^(×2); Iyov 2:13^(×2) + 97 times, incl. שׁ׳ יָמִים Breishis 8:10 (J), + 88 times + Yechezkel 45:21 (read שִׁבְעַת for שְׁבֻעוֹת, Vrss and mod.).

= ordinal, שְׁנַת (הַ)שֶּׁבַע Devarim 15:9; Melachim Beis 12:2 + 3 times, בְּשִׁבְעָה לַחֹדֶשׁ Yechezkel 30:20, cf. Yechezkel 45:20; לְשִׁבְעַת הַיָּמִים Breishis 7:10 (J), Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:25.

שְׁבַע עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה 17 years Breishis 37:2 + 3 times + Melachim Alef 14:21 (וּשְׁבַע וגו׳), also as ordin. בִּשְׁנַת שׁ׳ עֶשׂ׳ Melachim Alef 22:52, בִּשְׁנַת שׁ׳ עֶשׂ׳ שָׁנָה Melachim Beis 16:1.

שִׁבְעָה עֶשָׂר (sc. הַגּוֹרָל lot) Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:15; Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:24 (cf. also, + other num., Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:11 Ezra 2:39 Nechemia 7:41), + יוֹם 17th day Breishis 7:11; Breishis 8:4; unusual is שׁ׳ שְׁקָלִים וַעֲשָׂרָה הַכֶּסֶף Yirmiya 32:9 7 shekels and 10 the silver.

שְׁבַע מֵאוֹת = 700 Shoftim 8:26 + 39 times (but Nechemia 7:67 om. Mass. Baer Gi q.v.).

שִׁבְעָה אֶלֶף = 7000 Melachim Alef 20:30 + 2 times; שִׁבְעַת אֲלָפִים = id. Melachim Alef 20:15 + 15 times; 57,000 is 7 + 50 × 1000 Bamidbar 1:31; Bamidbar 2:8, Bamidbar 2:31.

שׁ׳ + other num.:

שׁ׳ follows 18 times: (1) n. s. after שׁ׳ Shoftim 8:14; also, (= ord. num.) Yechezkel 29:17 + 2 times, שְׁנַת שְׁלשִׁים וָשׁ׳ שָׁנָה Melachim Beis 13:10, cf. Melachim Beis 15:1; (2) n.pl. before other num. Ezra 8:35; Nechemia 7:[Nechemia 7:71], Nechemia 7:70; (3) n. s. cstr. precedes בִּשְׁנַת עֶשְׂרִים רָשׁ׳ Melachim Alef 16:10, Melachim Alef 16:15 (ordin.); (4) n. after each num. Breishis 23:1; Breishis 25:17 (both P), etc.

שׁ׳ precedes 10 times (P and Est): (1) n. s. after other num. Breishis 8:14; Shemos 6:16, Shemos 6:20 + 3 times Est; (2) n. repeated Breishis 5:7; Breishis 11:21; Breishis 47:28, cf. Breishis 5:25, Breishis 5:31

1000 + 17 Ezra 2:39 = Nechemia 7:41.—שׁ׳ often c. sacred signif.: Breishis 21:28 (J), Shemos 37:23 Vayikra 4:6, Vayikra 4:17; Vayikra 8:11; Vayikra 14:27 + (P); as round number Breishis 4:24 (song in J), Breishis 29:18; Breishis 31:23; Breishis 41:2 (all E), etc.; on bowing 7 times Breishis 33:3 (J; in great humility), cf. Wkl^{TelAm. nos. 143, 230, 246} Ne^{Mar. 11 f.}; all these prob. originating with week of seven days; cf. especially Kö^{Hast.DB number, 562 f., 565}.

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שִׁבְעָה

n.f. pr. putei, Breishis 26:33 (J); Ὅρκος; (explanation of name בְּאֵר שֶׁבַע.)

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שִׁבְעִים

n.pl. seventy (irreg. pl. of שֶׁבַע Ges^{§ 97 f. R. 1});—not decl.:—seventy (often as round no., cf. Kö^{Hast.DB number, 563 a}):

without other no.:

before n. s. year Breishis 5:12 + 12 times, man Shoftim 9:2 Bamidbar 11:25 + 7 times, shekel Bamidbar 7:13 + 11 times, other n. 5 times

before n.pl. kings Shoftim 1:7, sons Shoftim 8:30; Shoftim 9:24; Melachim Beis 10:1, brothers Shoftim 9:56, asses Shoftim 12:14, palms Shemos 15:27; Bamidbar 33:9, males Ezra 8:7,Ezra 8:14.

after n. coll. (בָּקָר) Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:32, n.pl. Daniel 9:24.

pred. Breishis 46:27.

n. om. Shemos 24:1, Shemos 24:9 (man), Bamidbar 7:85 (shekel), cf. Shoftim 9:4

שׁ׳ אֶלֶף = 70,000 Shmuel Beis 24:15 + 6 times.

+ other num.:

+ unit + n. s. Shoftim 8:14; n. om. 70 + 7 (times) Breishis 4:24, cf. Ezra 2:40 = Nechemia 7:42, so 2 + 70 Bamidbar 31:38; n.pl. + 70 + 7 Ezra 8:35; Ezra 8:5 years + 70 year Breishis 12:4.

5 + 70 × 1000 (man) Esther 9:16, cf. Bamidbar 2:4; Bamidbar 3:43; Bamidbar 26:32; 2 + 70 × 1000 Bamidbar 31:33 (בָּקָר precedes); 70 man, 50 × 1000 man Shmuel Alef 6:19; Shmuel Alef 6:7 + 70 year + 7 × 100 year Breishis 5:31; n. om. 3 + 70 + 200 Bamidbar 3:46.

70 foll. hundreds: 70 year + 5 years Breishis 25:7, and (n. om.) 70 + 2 Ezra 2:3, Ezra 2:4 = Nechemia 7:8, Nechemia 7:9, Nechemia 11:19; + 3 Ezra 2:36 Nechemia 7:38; Nechemia 7:5 + 70 Ezra 2:5.

1000 + 7 × 100 + 5 + 70 shekel Shemos 38:25 and (n. om.) v Shemos 38:28.

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שְׁבִיעִי

m. שְׁבִיעִית f.₉₇ adj. num. ord. seventh;—m. שְׁבִיעִי Breishis 2:2 +, שְׁבִעִי Shemos 12:15 +; f. שְׁבִיעִית Yehoshua 6:16 +, -עִת Shemos 23:11 +, שְׁבִעִת Shemos 21:2, -עִית Melachim Alef 18:44; Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:1;—seventh, especially P; always c. art.:

m. 7th day Breishis 2:3 + 47 times; month (חֹדֶשׁ) Breishis 8:4 + 23 times + (n. om.) Yechezkel 45:25 + 3 times; lot (הַגּוֹרָל) Yehoshua 19:40 + (n. om.) Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:10; Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:14; n. om. also Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:15; Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:3, Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:5 (son), Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:11 (man), Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:10 (captain).

f. 7th year, Melachim Beis 11:4 + 7 times + (n. om.) Shemos 21:2; Shemos 23:11, also שְׁנַת הַשְּׁבִיעִית (Ges^{§ 134 p}) Ezra 7:8; sabbath Vayikra 23:16; time (פַּעַם) Yehoshua 6:16 + (n. om.) Melachim Alef 18:44.

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שִׁבְעָתַ֫יִם

n.f. du. seven-fold, seven times (cf. Ges^{§§ 97 h, 134 r});—

2, Yeshaya 30:26; Mishlei 6:31; as adv. Breishis 4:15, Breishis 4:24 Tehillim 79:12.

seven times, adv. Tehillim 12:7.—Shmuel Beis 21:9 read Qr שְׁבַעְתָּם v. i. שֶׁבַע.

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שָׁבוּעַ

n.m. ^{Daniel 9:27} period of seven (days, years), heptad, week (on format. v. Lag^{BN 67});—abs. שׁ׳ Daniel 9:27^(×2); cstr. שְׁבֻעַ Breishis 29:27, Breishis 29:28; du. שְׁבֻעַיִם Vayikra 12:5; pl. שָֽׁבֻע(וֹ)ת Shemos 34:22 + 4 times Dt + (in term. techn.) Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:13; late שָֽׁבֻעִים Daniel 9:24 + 4 times Dn; cstr. שְׁבֻעֹת Yirmiya 5:24 (Yechezkel 45:21 read שִׁבְעַת with Vrss and all mod., v. שֶׁבַע); sf. שָׁבֻעֹתֵיכֶם Bamidbar 28:26;—

period of seven days (from a given time), week: Devarim 16:9^(×2); Vayikra 12:5 (P); of marriage feast Breishis 29:27, Breishis 29:28 (E; cf. Shoftim 14:12 Tob 11:19); שָׁבֻעִים יָמִים Daniel 10:2, Daniel 10:3 three weeks, days (three weeks long); שׁ׳ חֻקּוֹת קָצִיר Yirmiya 5:24 weeks of statutes (i.e. weeks appointed by י׳) for harvest; term. techn. חַג שָֽׁבֻעֹת Shemos 34:22 (J) feast of weeks (ending seven weeks of harvest), Devarim 16:10, Devarim 16:16, Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:13, so שׁ׳ alone Bamidbar 28:26 (P).

heptad or seven of years, late, Daniel 9:24, Daniel 9:25, Daniel 9:26, Daniel 9:27^(×2).—שְׁבֻעֵי שְׁבֻעוֹת Yechezkel 21:28 v. [שָׁבַע].

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שָׁבַע

vb. swear (prob., so to say, seven oneself, or bind oneself by seven things, cf. Thes (as altern.), Gerb ^{108 ff.}; NH Niph. = BH; 𝔗 שְׁבַע Ithpe. Aph.; v. also Dr Breishis 21:28 Kö^{Hast.DB number, 565} RS^{Sem. i. 166, 2nd ed., 182} We ^{Reste ArabicHeid. 2, 186});—

(according to Thes Rob Ges) Pt. pass. שְׁבֻעֵי שְׁבֻעוֹת Yechezkel 21:28 those sworn with (= who have sworn) oaths; both from שְׁבוּעָה, according to Krae, oaths of oaths (the most sacred); 𝔊 𝔖 Co om.; both from שָׁבוּעַ, Ew Sm שׁ׳ שָׁ׳ weeks on weeks (plenty of time).

Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁבַּע Breishis 24:7 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁבַע Vayikra 5:24 +, וַיִּשָּׁ֫בַע Breishis 24:9 +; 2 ms. תִּשָּׁבִ֑עַ Devarim 6:13; Devarim 10:20; 1 s. אִשָּׁב֑עַ Breishis 21:24, וָאֶשָּׁ֫בַע Melachim Alef 2:8; Yechezkel 16:8, etc.; Imv. ms. הִשָּֽׁבְעָה Breishis 21:23 +, etc.; Inf. abs. הִשָּׁבַע Bamidbar 30:3, הִשָּׁבֵעַ Yirmiya 7:9; cstr. הִשָּׁבֵעַ Yirmiya 12:16^(×2) + Shmuel Alef 20:17 v. infra; Pt. נִשְׁבָּע Zecharia 5:3 +, etc.;—swear, take an oath:

subj. man:

in asseveration, abs. Breishis 21:24, Breishis 21:31 (E), Shoftim 21:1, Shoftim 21:18; Shmuel Beis 21:2 +; also sq. וַיֹּאמֶר Shmuel Alef 20:3; Melachim Alef 1:29, sq. לֵאמֹר Shmuel Beis 3:35; Yehoshua 14:9 (D); c. acc. cogn. Bamidbar 30:3 (P; ‖ נָדַר); + לַשֶּׁקֶר Yirmiya 5:2; Yirmiya 7:9; Vayikra 5:24 (P; + עַל rei), Malachi 3:5; + על־שׁ׳ Vayikra 5:22 (P); + לְמִרְמָה Tehillim 24:4; sq. inf. Vayikra 5:4 (P), Tehillim 15:4; Tehillim 119:106; + ל pers. take an oath to, Yehoshua 6:22 (JE), Yehoshua 9:20 (P; acc. cogn.) Breishis 24:9 (+ עַל־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה) +, so also Shmuel Alef 20:17 (read לְהִשָּׁבֵעַ אֶל־ for לְהַשְׁבְּיעַ אֶת־, 𝔊 𝔙 Th We Dr al.); oath of allegiance (לי׳) Yeshaya 19:18; Yeshaya 45:23 Tzefania 1:5; Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:14, cf. (abs.) v Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:15 (Yehoshua 23:7 v. Hiph.); also sq. וַיֹּאמֶר Melachim Beis 25:24; sq. לֵאמֹר Shmuel Beis 21:17; Melachim Alef 1:13; Yirmiya 40:9; sq. פֶּן = that not Shoftim 15:12, sq. אִם = id. Melachim Alef 1:51; + אֶל pers. sq. לֵאמֹר Yirmiya 38:16; + בי׳ by י׳, sq. inf. Shoftim 21:7; + בְּשֵׁם י׳ Shmuel Alef 20:42; Yeshaya 48:1, cf. Breishis 31:53 (E), Devarim 6:13; Devarim 10:20; Yirmiya 12:16 (+ חַי־י׳), Yeshaya 65:16; Zecharia 5:4 (לַשָּׁ֑קְר), Vayikra 19:12 (id.), Tehillim 63:12; Daniel 12:7; + בי׳ sq. אִם Shmuel Beis 19:8; + ל pers. c. בי׳ Yehoshua 9:18, Yehoshua 9:19 (P; pledge faith), sq. לֵאמֹר Shmuel Alef 28:10; Melachim Alef 1:30; Melachim Alef 2:8, Melachim Alef 2:23, sq. כִּי of obj. cl. Yehoshua 2:12 (JE), Melachim Alef 1:17; + ל pers. c. בא׳, sq. אִם Breishis 21:23 (E), Shmuel Alef 30:15; as vb. of quotation + obj. חַי־י׳ Hoshea 4:15 Yirmiya 4:2; Shmuel Alef 19:6 (+ אִם), + אִם in orat. recta Tehillim 132:2 (‖ נָדַר); also + בְּלֹא אֱלֹהִים Yirmiya 5:7, בַּבָּ֑עַל Yirmiya 12:16, בְּמַלְכָּם Tzefania 1:5, cf. Amos 8:14 (+ וְאָמַר).

imprecate, curse, בִּ׳ by me Tehillim 102:9 (cf. שְׁבוּעָה 1 b, קְלָלָה).

subj. י׳: swear, c. בִּי by myself Breishis 22:16 (JE), Yirmiya 22:5 (cl. כִּי), Yirmiya 49:13 (id.), Yeshaya 45:23 (id.), c. בְּקָדְשׁוֹ Amos 4:2 (id.), cf. Tehillim 89:36 (‖ אִם אֲכַזֵּב), cf. also Amos 6:8; Amos 8:7; Yirmiya 44:26; Yirmiya 51:14; Yeshaya 62:8; swear, sq. inf. Devarim 1:35; Devarim 4:21; Yehoshua 21:41 (van d. H. Baer; v Yehoshua 21:43 Gi), sq. מִן inf. = not to Yeshaya 54:9^(×2), sq. אִם Tehillim 95:11, sq. לֵאמֹר Devarim 1:34; Yeshaya 14:24; Bamidbar 32:10 (P); sq. orat. recta Tehillim 110:4; c. ל pers. take an oath to, Breishis 24:7 (J), Shemos 13:11 (J), Devarim 2:14 + 7 times Dt. (acc. cogn. Devarim 7:8; Devarim 9:5), Yechezkel 16:8 (‖ בּוֹא בִבְרִית), Tehillim 89:4 (‖ כָּרַת בְּרִית), v Tehillim 89:50 (בֶּאֱמוּנָתֶ֑ךָ), +; ל pers. + inf. (usually to give land) Shemos 13:5 (J), Devarim 1:8 + 9 times Dt, Yehoshua 1:6; Yehoshua 5:6^(×2) (all R^D), Yirmiya 11:5 (+ acc. cogn.), Yirmiya 32:22; ל pers. + acc. rei (usually land) = promise by oath to Breishis 50:24; Shemos 33:1; Bamidbar 11:12 (all J), Bamidbar 14:16, Bamidbar 11:23 (JE), Bamidbar 32:11 (P), Shoftim 2:1; Micha 7:20; Devarim 6:18 + 8 times Dt (obj. covenant Devarim 4:31; Devarim 8:18); ל pers. om. Devarim 31:21.

Perf. 3 ms. הִשְׁבִּיעַ Shemos 13:19 + 1 s. הִשְׁבַּעְתִּי Shir HaShirim 2:7 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּשְׁבַּע Breishis 50:25 + sf. וַיַּשְׁבִּעֵנִי Breishis 24:37, etc.; Inf. abs. הַשְׁבֵּעַ Shemos 13:19; Shmuel Alef 14:28; cstr. הַשְׁבִּיעַ Shmuel Alef 14:27 (Shmuel Alef 20:17 v. Niph.); Pt. sf. מַשְׁבִּיעֶ֑ךָ Melachim Alef 22:16 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:15;—

cause to take an oath, subj. always man: c. acc. pers. Breishis 50:6 (J), Shmuel Alef 14:27; Melachim Alef 18:10; Melachim Beis 11:4, + acc. cogn. Yehoshua 2:17, Yehoshua 2:20 (J), + לֵאמֹר Breishis 24:37; Breishis 50:5 (both J), v Breishis 50:25 (E), Yehoshua 6:26 (J; acc. pers. om.), so (Inf. abs. + Pf.) Shemos 13:19 (JE), Shmuel Alef 14:28, + וְאָמַר Bamidbar 5:19 and (c. acc. cogn.) v Bamidbar 5:21 (both P), + inf. cl. Nechemia 5:12; Ezra 10:5; + בי׳ by י׳ Breishis 24:3 (J; cl. אֲשֶׁר), Melachim Alef 2:42 (‖ וָאָעִד בְּךָ, + לֵאמֹר), cf. Yehoshua 23:7 (R^D; but read perhaps Niph. תִּשָּֽׁבְעוּ Gr al.; 𝔊 del.), Nechemia 13:25 (cl. אִם, orat. recta), Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:13.

adjure, c. acc. pers. Melachim Alef 22:16 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:15 (both + cl. אֲשֶׁר); elsewhere only Ct: Shir HaShirim 5:9, c. cl. מַה־ interrog. v Shir HaShirim 5:8, c. cl. אִם that not Shir HaShirim 2:7; Shir HaShirim 3:5 (both + ב of oath), = cl. מַה־ Shir HaShirim 8:4 (v. מָה 2 a (b)).—Shmuel Alef 20:17 v. Niph.

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שֶׁ֫בַע²

n.pr.m.

in Benj., בֶּן־בִּכְרִי Shmuel Beis 20:1, Shmuel Beis 20:2, Shmuel Beis 20:6, Shmuel Beis 20:7, Shmuel Beis 20:10, Shmuel Beis 20:13, Shmuel Beis 20:21, Shmuel Beis 20:22; Σαβεε.

in Gad Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:13; Σεβεε, A Σωβαφε, 𝔊L Σαβεε.

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שֶׁבַע

si vera l. n.pr.loc. in Simeon, בְּאֵר־שֶׁבַע וְשֶׁבַע Yehoshua 19:2; Σαμαα, 𝔊L Σαβε; prob. del. וְשׁ׳ Di al. (om. ‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:23).—בְּאֵר שׁ׳ v. p. 92a.

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שֶׁבַע²

v. in cpds. אֱלִישֶׁבַע, (בַּת־שֶׁבַע), יְהוֹשֶׁבַע.

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שְׁבוּעָה

n.f. (Yehoshua 2:17 read הַזּה Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 116}) oath, curse;—abs. שְׁבוּ׳ Yehoshua 9:20 +, שְׁבֻ׳ Breishis 26:3 +; cstr. שְׁבֻעַת Shemos 22:10 +; sf. שְׁבֻעָתִי Breishis 24:8, etc.; pl. שְׁבֻעוֹת abs. Yechezkel 21:28, cstr. Chavakuk 3:9 [Yirmiya 5:24 Yechezkel 45:21 v. שָׁבוּעַ];—oath [as acc. cogn. c. הִשָּׁבַע etc. Bamidbar 30:3 + (in rel. cl.) 5 times]:

of man:

attesting innocence Shemos 22:10 (E), friendship Shmuel Beis 21:7, promise Melachim Alef 2:43 (after שָׁמַר keep; all שְׁבֻעַת י׳ oath to י׳); innocence also Bamidbar 5:21 a; friendship Nechemia 6:18 (בַּעֲלֵי שׁ׳ לוֹ), promise Vayikra 5:4; of vow (‖ נדר) Bamidbar 30:3, Bamidbar 30:11, Bamidbar 30:14 (שְׁבֻעַת אִסָּר), Yehoshua 9:20 (all P), Nechemia 10:30 (‖ אָלָה), Koheles 9:2, of covenant with י׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:15, שְׁבוּעַת אֱלֹהִים Koheles 8:2 (prob. of oath of allegiance to king), שְׁבֻעַת שֶׁקֶר Zecharia 8:17; of threat Shoftim 21:5; Shmuel Alef 14:26 (𝔊 שְׁבֻעַת י׳); keep, discharge the oath is הֵקִים הַשּׁ׳ Breishis 26:3 (J), Yirmiya 11:5; נָקָה מִשּׁ׳ be free, exempt from an oath Breishis 24:8 (J), cf. Yehoshua 2:17, Yehoshua 2:20

= curse, Yeshaya 65:15 and (‖ אָלָה) Bamidbar 5:21 (P), Daniel 9:11.

oath of י׳, in promise, Devarim 7:8 (שָׁמַר in rel. cl.), ‖ covenant (בְּרִית), שְׁבוּעָתוֹ לְיִצְחָק Tehillim 105:9 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:16.—שְׁבֻעוֹת מַטּוֹת Chavakuk 3:9 very dub.: AV oaths of the tribes; oaths, rods of the word, Hi-St.; sworn (pt. pass. שָׁבַע) were the rods (= chastisements) of (thy) word, Ges Hi RVm; heptads of spears Ew, cf. Da; text prob. currupt, Now proposes (אַשְׁפָּֽתְךָ) שִׂבַּעְתָּ מַטּוֹת thou hast sated with shafts thy quiver; Marti (after 𝔊^Codd.) thy bow was satiated with shafts Yechezkel 21:28 v. √.

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שׁוֹבֵק

n.pr.m. one of those sealed Nechemia 10:25; Σωβηκ, 𝔊L Σωβειρ.

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שָׁבַר

vb. break, break in pieces (NH id.; Sab. תֿבר break, destroy DHM^{Hof.Mus., no. 1(×2). 26} Mordtm^{HI 74}; Arabic ثَبَرَ restrain, destroy; Aramaic תְּבַר, ܬܒܰܪ: Assyrian šabâru, break, break in pieces; Ethiopic ሰበረ: break);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Melachim Alef 13:28; Yeshaya 14:5, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁבֹּר Yirmiya 19:11, -בּוֹר Yeshaya 42:3; 3 fs. תִּשְׁבָּר־ Mishlei 25:15, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁבֹר Tehillim 10:15, sf. שָׁבְרֵם Yirmiya 17:18; Inf. cstr. לִשְׁבֹּר Breishis 19:9 + 2 times, שְׁבוֹר Yirmiya 28:12; Pt. act. שֹׁבֵר Yechezkel 4:16 + 2 times; pass. שָׁבוּר Vayikra 22:22, pl. cstr. שְׁבוּרֵי Tehillim 147:3;—break, lit., obj. earthen vessel Shoftim 7:20 Vayikra 11:33 (P), Yirmiya 19:11 (in sim.), cf. v Yirmiya 19:11 Yirmiya 48:38; Yeshaya 30:14, flask Yirmiya 19:10, gate-bar Amos 1:5 (in metaph.), bow Hoshea 1:5; Yirmiya 49:35, and sword Hoshea 2:20 (מִן־הָאָרֶץ), bone of lamb Shemos 12:46; Bamidbar 9:12 (P), and (in metaph.) Mishlei 25:15, cf. שָׁבוּר i.e. fractured of limb Vayikra 22:22 (H), yoke Yirmiya 28:10, Yirmiya 28:12, Yirmiya 28:13, and, in metaph., of deliverance (י׳ subj.) v Yirmiya 28:2, Yirmiya 28:4, Yirmiya 28:11; Yirmiya 38:8 (c. מֵעַל), + 4 times, of rebellion Yirmiya 2:20; Yirmiya 5:5, so staff Yeshaya 14:5 + 5 times, reed Yeshaya 42:3, arm of Pharoah Yechezkel 30:21, Yechezkel 30:22, Yechezkel 30:24 cf. Tehillim 10:15; trees (subj. thunder) Tehillim 29:5; break in, down, door Breishis 19:9 (J); rend violently (of lion), man Melachim Alef 13:26, ass v Melachim Alef 13:28; wreck Tyre (as ship) Yechezkel 27:26; fig. break pride Vayikra 26:19 (H); crush (fig.) Yeshaya 14:25 (cf. Yirmiya 48:28 supr.), Eicha 1:15; Daniel 11:26; מִשְׁנֶה שִׁבָּרוֹן שׁ׳ Yirmiya 17:18; break, rupture, heart (fig.) Tehillim 69:21 + Yechezkel 6:9 (v. Niph. ad fin.), שְׁבוּרֵי לֵב Tehillim 147:3; וָאֶשְׁבֹּר עָלָיו חֻקִּי Iyov 38:10 broke for it my boundary, of sea, ref. to abrupt ending of mainland; = quench thirst (frangere sitim) Tehillim 104:11.

Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁבַּר Shemos 22:9 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁבֵר Vayikra 6:21 +, 3 fs. וְתִשָּׁ֫בֶר Koheles 12:6, 2 ms. תִּשָּׁבֵר Yechezkel 29:7, -בַר֥ Yechezkel 32:28, etc.; Inf. cstr. הִשָּׁבֵר Yonah 1:4; Pt. נִשְׁבָּר Tehillim 51:19, fs. נִשְׁבָּרָה v Tehillim 51:19, נִשְׁבֶּ֫רֶת Yechezkel 27:34 +, etc.;—be broken, of neck Shmuel Alef 4:18, bones Tehillim 34:21, gate-bars Yirmiya 51:30, rod (in fig.) Yeshaya 14:21; Yirmiya 48:17, idols Yechezkel 6:4, Yechezkel 6:6, horn Daniel 8:8, cf. v Daniel 8:22, arm Iyov 31:22 (מִקָּנָה), and (in metaph.) Yirmiya 48:25; Iyov 38:15 Tehillim 37:17, cf. Yechezkel 30:22, bough Yechezkel 31:12; Yeshaya 27:11, cf. (fig.) of wickedness, like a tree Iyov 24:20, other things Tehillim 37:15 Yirmiya 50:23; Yechezkel 29:17 Tehillim 124:7; cisterns Yirmiya 2:13 (id.), pottery Vayikra 6:21; Vayikra 15:12 (P), Koheles 12:6 (in fig.); = be maimed, crippled (have limb broken), of animal Shemos 22:9, Shemos 22:13 (E), and (fig.) Yechezkel 34:4, Yechezkel 34:16; Zecharia 11:16, so (fig. of men stumbling) Yeshaya 8:15; Yeshaya 28:13; be wrecked, of ships Melachim Alef 22:49 (read Qr נִשְׁבְּרוּ), ‖ Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:37, Yonah 1:4, metaph. of Tyre Yechezkel 27:34; fig. be crushed, destroyed (pers., warriors, kingdoms, etc.), Yirmiya 14:17; Yirmiya 22:20; Yirmiya 48:4; Yirmiya 51:8 + 10 times; fig. be broken, of heart †Yirmiya 23:9; Yeshaya 61:1 Tehillim 34:19; Tehillim 51:19, cf. רוּחַ נִשׁ׳ v Tehillim 51:19.—Yechezkel 6:9 read prob. וְשָֽׁבְרְתִּ֫י (We Sm Berthol Toy Krae); Co בְּשָׁבְרִי.

Pf. 3 ms. שִׁבַּר Yeshaya 21:9 +, שִׁבֵּ֑ר Shemos 9:25, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׁבֵּר ψ; Tehillim 46:10 +, 2 mpl. תְּשַׁבֵּר֑וּן Shemos 34:13, etc.; Inf. abs. שַׁבֵּר Shemos 23:24; Pt. מְשַׁבֵּר Melachim Alef 19:11;—shatter, break, tablets Shemos 32:19 (E), Shemos 34:1 (J), Devarim 9:17; Devarim 10:2; מַצֵּבוֹת Shemos 23:24 (E; + Inf. abs.), Shemos 34:13 (J) + 7 times; images Melachim Beis 11:18 + 3 times; bronze sea, etc., Melachim Beis 25:13 = Yirmiya 52:17; horns Daniel 8:7; jaws Iyov 29:17 (in fig.); of hail shattering trees Shemos 9:25 (J), cf. Melachim Alef 19:11; elsewhere subj. י׳, shattering gate-bars, etc., weapons Yeshaya 45:2; Yeshaya 38:13; Eicha 2:9; Eicha 3:4 Tehillim 46:10; Tehillim 76:4; Tehillim 107:16, trees Tehillim 29:5; Tehillim 105:33, heads of תַּנִּינִים Tehillim 74:13; wrecking ships Tehillim 48:8.

cause to break out, i.e. bring to the birth, Impf. 1 s. הַאֲנִי אַשְׁבִּיר וְלֹא אוֹלִיד Yeshaya 66:9 (י׳ subj.; cf. מַשְׁבֵּר infr.).

be broken, shattered (in heart), Pf. 1 s. עַל־שֶׁבֶר בַּת־עַמִּי הָשְׁבַּ֑רְתִּי Yirmiya 8:21.

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שֶׁ֫בֶר

n.m. ^{Yirmiya 4:5} breaking, fracture, crushing, breach, crash;—abs. שֶׁבֶר Yeshaya 51:19 +, שָׁ֑בֶר Eicha 3:47; Mishlei 17;Mishlei 19, cstr. שֶׁבֶר Yeshaya 1:28 +, שֵׁבֶר Amos 6:6 +; sf. שִׁבְרִי Yirmiya 10:19, etc.; pl. שְׁבָרִים Yehoshua 7:5 Iyov 41:17 (dub., v. infr.), sf. שְׁכָרֶיהָ Tehillim 60:4;—

breaking of pottery Yeshaya 30:14, fracture of member, limb Vayikra 21:19; Vayikra 24:20 (H), especially fig. of people personif. שׁ׳ יוֹסֵף Amos 6:6, cf. Yeshaya 30:26 (‖ מַחַץ מַכָּתוֹ), Yirmiya 8:21; Yirmiya 10:19; Yirmiya 14:17; Yirmiya 30:12 (‖ מַכָּה), v Yirmiya 30:15 (‖ מַכְאֹב), Eicha 2:11; Eicha 3:48; Eicha 4:10, also (c. רפא, רפה heal) Yirmiya 6:14; Yirmiya 8:11 Eicha 2:13 Tehillim 60:4, cf. Nachum 3:19; of sinners Yeshaya 1:28; shattering, crushing, of wall (in fig.) Yeshaya 30:13; שׁ׳ גָּדוֹל (‖ רָעָה) Yirmiya 4:6; Yirmiya 6:1, שׁ׳ עַל־שׁ׳ Yirmiya 4:20; שֹׁד וָשׁ׳ Yeshaya 59:7; Yeshaya 60:18; Yirmiya 48:3, cf. Yeshaya 51:19; הַשֵּׁאת וְהַשּׁ׳ Eicha 3:47; זַעֲקַת שׁ׳ Yeshaya 15:5, cf. Yirmiya 48:5; of individ. Mishlei 16:18; Mishlei 17:19; Mishlei 18:12; fig., שׁ׳ רוּחַ of spirit Yeshaya 65:14, cf. Mishlei 15:4; so (רוּחַ om.) מִשְּׁבָרִים Iyov 41:17 from terror, Di De, cf. Bi, but dub.; Buhl Bu conj. מִשְׁבְּרֵי יָם, Gie מִשִּׁנָּיו גִּבֹּרִים, Du מִשְׁמָרִים.

crashing, Tzefania 1:10 (‖ קוֹל צְעָקָה, יְלָלָה), Yirmiya 50:22 (‖ מִלְחָמָה), Yirmiya 51:54 (‖ קוֹל זְעָקָה).

breaking of a dream, i.e. its interpretation (solution of mystery) Shoftim 7:15 (cf. GFM).

הַשְּׁבָרִים Yehoshua 7:5, perhaps (Di Benn Steuern) the quarries, as n.pr.loc., 𝔙 Sabarim (< 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗 הִשָּֽׁבְרָם).—שִׁבְרִי Yechezkel 32:9, read שִׁבְיְךָ 𝔊 Co Sta Berthol Krae (not Toy).

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שֶׁ֫בֶר²

n.pr.m. a Calebite Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:48; Σαβερ, A Σεβερ, 𝔊L Σαβαρ.

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שָׁבוּר

Vayikra 22:22 v. √ Qal.

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שִׁבָּרוֹן

n.[m.] breaking, crushing;—fig.; cstr. שִׁבְרוֹן מָתְנַיִם Yechezkel 21:11 (emotional distress; ‖ מְרִירוּת), read שִׁבָּ׳ also (for MT שִׁכָּרוֹן) 23:33 Co Berthol Krae; crushing of opponents Yirmiya 17:18.

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שֶׁ֫בֶר³

n.[m.] corn, grain, as food stuff (perhaps broken, i.e. threshed, Hoffm^{ZAW iii (1883), 122} SS Siegf Nechemia 10:32; > Kö^{ii. 1, 19 n} breaking out, i.e. sprouting (as chief fruit of soil); hence NH שִׁבָּרוֹן price of corn);—שׁ׳ abs. Breishis 42:1 +; cstr. v Breishis 42:19; sf. שִׁבְרָם v Breishis 42:26, שִׁבְרוֹ Breishis 44:2;—corn, grain Breishis 42:1, Breishis 42:2, Breishis 42:19, Breishis 42:26; Breishis 43:2; Breishis 44:2; Breishis 47:14 (acc. cogn.), Amos 8:5 (id.); so perhaps (for בָּר) Breishis 42:3 Lag^{BN 230}; כָּל־שׁ׳ Nechemia 10:32 all kinds of grain.

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שָׁבַר²

vb.denom. buy grain;—

Impf. 2 mpl. תִּשְׁבְּרוּ Devarim 2:6, 1 pl. נִשְׁבְּרָה Breishis 43:4; Imv. mpl. שִׁבְרוּ Breishis 42:2 +; Inf. cstr. לִשְׁבֹּר v Breishis 43:3 +, לִשְׁבָּר־ v Breishis 43:7 +; Pt. mpl. שֹׁבְרִים Breishis 47:14;—buy grain for food Breishis 41:57 (v Breishis 41:56 v. Hiph.), Breishis 42:2 (שֶׁבֶר in v a), v Breishis 41:5; c. acc. אֹכֶל v Breishis 41:7, Breishis 41:10; Breishis 43:2, Breishis 43:4, Breishis 43:20, Breishis 43:22; Breishis 44:25; Devarim 2:6 (מִן pers.); c. acc. בָּר Breishis 42:3, שֶׁבֶר Breishis 47:14; fig. Yeshaya 55:1, c. acc. יַיִן וְחָלָב v Yeshaya 55:1.

Impf. 1 pl. נַשְׁבִּיר Amos 8:6 etc.; Pt. מַשְׁבִּיר Breishis 42:6 Mishlei 11:26;—sell grain (proposes cause to buy grain), c. ל pers. Breishis 42:6 + Breishis 41:56 (read וַיַּשְׁבֵּר for MT וַיִּשְׁבֹּר Ol Di Gunk), c. acc. שֶׁבֶר Amos 8:5, מַפַּל בָּר v Amos 8:6, cf. Mishlei 11:26; c. sf. pers. + acc. אֹכֶל + ב pret. Devarim 2:28.

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שָׁבַת

vb. cease, desist, rest (Assyrian šabâtu, prob. cease, be completed Dl^WB Zim^{KAT3. 593} (Jen^{ZA iv (1889), 277 f.} is sceptical); Arabic سَبَتَ cut off, interrupt; NH has שֶׁבֶת neglect, etc., Aramaic שִׁבְתָּא cost of neglect);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Breishis 2:3 +; 3 pl. שָׁבָ֑תוּ Eicha 5:14, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁבּוֹת Hoshea 7:4; יִשְׁבֹּת Mishlei 22:10 + 2 times; 3 fs. תִּשְׁבֹּת Vayikra 26:35; תִּשְׁבַּת v Vayikra 26:34 Nechemia 6:3 +, etc.;—

cease: (abs. 13 times) of seasons Breishis 8:22 (J); manna Yehoshua 5:12 (P), etc., Yeshaya 14:4^(×2) Nechemia 6:3 +; c. מִן Hoshea 7:4 + 3 times

desist from labour, rest:

c. מִן (of God) Breishis 2:2, Breishis 2:3 (P)

מִן om., ב temp. Shemos 23:12 (E), Shemos 16:30; Shemos 34:21 (J), Shemos 31:17 (P); בֶּחָרִישׁ וּבַקָּצִיר שׁ׳ Shemos 34:21 (J.; i.e., even in these busy seasons).

land in 7th year Vayikra 26:34, Vayikra 26:35^(×2) (H), Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:21.—Vayikra 23:32; Vayikra 25:2 v. [שָׁבַת] vb. denom. Infr.

Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁבַּת Yeshaya 17:3 + 2 times; pl. נִשְׁבְּתוּ Yechezkel 6:6;—cease: abs. Yechezkel 6:6; Yechezkel 30:18; Yechezkel 33:28; c. מִן Yeshaya 17:3.

Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁבִּית Rus 4:14 +; 2 ms. הִשְּׁבַּתָּ Tehillim 89:45; Tehillim 119:119, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁבִּית Mishlei 18:18 Daniel 9:27; וַיַּשְׁבֵּת Melachim Beis 23:11 Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:5, etc.; Inf. cstr. הַשְׁבִּית Tehillim 8:3; לַשְׁבִּית Amos 8:4 (Ges^{§ 53 q}); Imv. mpl. הַשְׁבִּ֫יתוּ Yeshaya 30:11; Pt. מַשְׁבִּית Yirmiya 16:9 Tehillim 46:10;—

cause to cease, put an end to: c. acc. mirth Hoshea 2:13, work Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:5; Nechemia 4:5; sacrifice Daniel 9:27; war Tehillim 46:10, cf. Yeshaya 13:11; Yechezkel 7:24; Mishlei 18:18 + 6 times, + הִשׁ׳ קוֹל שָׂשׂוֹן מִן Yirmiya 7:34; Yirmiya 16:9, cf. Yirmiya 48:33.

= exterminate, destroy: c. acc. Melachim Beis 23:5, Melachim Beis 23:11; Amos 8:4 (Now conj. העשׁקים), Hoshea 1:4 Tehillim 8:3; Tehillim 119:119; c. acc. + מִן, Yirmiya 36:29, מִן הָאָרֶץ Vayikra 26:6 (H), Yechezkel 34:25; אלילים Yechezkel 30:13; Devarim 32:26.

cause to desist from: c. מִן Yechezkel 16:41; Yechezkel 34:10; Shemos 5:5 (E = give rest from); לְבִלְתִּי inf. Yehoshua 22:25 (P).

remove (= הֵסִיר מִן: c. מִן Yechezkel 23:27, Yechezkel 23:48 Tehillim 89:45 (text dub.: read הִשְׁבַּתּוֹ [3] 𝔊 Du; מַטֵּה הֹדוֹ Herz Che, v. also sub מֳהָר); leaven מבתים Shemos 12:15 (P); הַשׁ׳ אֶח־ק׳ ישׂר׳ מִפָּנֵינוּ Yeshaya 30:11.

cause to fail, let be lacking: salt מֵעַל מִנְחָתֶ֑ךָ Vayikra 2:13 (P); acc. pers. + ל pers. Yirmiya 48:35; Rus 4:14. I. שֶׁבֶת v. ישׁב.

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שֶׁ֫בֶת²

n.f. cessation (dub.) Mishlei 20:3 (c. מֵרִיב, 𝔊 ἀποστρέφεσθαι = שׁוּב); שִׁבְתּוֹ Shemos 21:19 i.e. from work = his loss of time (but Di i. שֶׁבֶת, p. 443 f.).—Yeshaya 30:7 perhaps = a sitting still (indolently) √ ישׁב, but prob. crpt., v. Du Che al.

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שַׁבָּת

n.f. ^{Ex 31:14 +} m. ^{Is 56:2, 6; 66:23}, (under infl. of יוֹם in freq. יוֹם הַשּׁ׳, Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 47}) Sabbath (= ת + שׁבת; NH שַׁבָּת, Aramaic שַׁבְּתָא, ܫܰܒܬܳܐ; perhaps Assyrian šabattum (‖ ûm nûḫ libbi, day of rest of heart (i.e. propitiation) [of deity]: only in lex. tablets); cf. Lotz ^{Quaest. de hist. Sabbati, 1883} Jen ^{ZA iv (1869), 274 ff.} (doubts connexion of Assyrian word with Heb. Sabbath) Id ^{S. S. Times, Jan. 16, 1892, 35 f.} Muss-Arn ^{JBL xi (1892), 93} Schwally ^{Idiot. 127}; v. (more recently) Jastr^{Am. J. Theol. ii (1898), 312 ff.} Toy ^{TBL xviii (1899), 190 ff.} Dr ^{Hast DB Sabbath (1902)} Zim ^{KAT3. 592 ff.; ZMG 1904, 199 ff.} [15th day of month so called] ^{458 ff.});—abs. שׁ׳ Shemos 16:25 + 64 times; cstr. שַׁבַּת v Shemos 16:23 + 10 times; sf. שַׁבַּתּוֹ Bamidbar 28:10 + 3 times sf.; pl. שַׁבָּתוֹת Vayikra 23:15 + 7 times; cstr. שַׁבְּתֹת v Vayikra 23:38 Vayikra 25:8^(×2); sf. שַׁבְּתוֹתַי Yeshaya 56:4 +, etc.;—

sabbath:

primitive שׁ׳ ליהוה Shemos 16:25 (J), Shemos 20:10 = Devarim 5:14 (ten words) Vayikra 23:3 (P); הַשּׁ׳ Shemos 16:29 (J); בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי שׁ׳ Shemos 16:26 (J); on seventh day יוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת Shemos 20:8, Shemos 20:11 = Devarim 5:12, Devarim 5:15 (ten words), so throughout; Shemos 31:15 + 3 times P, Yirmiya 17:21; Yechezkel 46:4; Nechemia 10:32 + 9 times, + (‖ new moon) Yeshaya 1:13; Yechezkel 46:1; Melachim Beis 4:23; Amos 8:5, cf. Yeshaya 66:23^(×2), also חג and מועד Hoshea 2:13; time of change of watch in temple Melachim Beis 11:5, Melachim Beis 11:7, Melachim Beis 11:9^(×2) = Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:4, Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:8^(×2); מיסך הַשּׁ׳ (in temple) Melachim Beis 16:18; orig. observed simply by abstinence from labour Shemos 20:9, Shemos 20:10 = Devarim 5:14; Shemos 23:12 (E), Shemos 34:21 (J; Br ^{Hex. 181–195}).

Deut. reason for day is deliverance from Egypt Devarim 5:15, hence its consecration, לְקַדְּשׁוֹ v Devarim 5:12 = Shemos 20:8; קדּשׁ יום השׁ׳ Yirmiya 17:22, Yirmiya 17:24, Yirmiya 17:27 (especially no load carried), Yechezkel 20:20; Yechezkel 20:44:Yechezkel 20:24.

intensified by antith. חלּל שׁ׳ Yechezkel 20:13 + 5 times Ez, cf. Nechemia 13:18. Phrases in H: שׁמר (ה)שׁ׳ Vayikra 19:3, Vayikra 19:30; Vayikra 26:2, then P Shemos 31:13, Shemos 31:14, Shemos 31:16; cf. Yeshaya 56:2, Yeshaya 56:4, Yeshaya 56:6; יוֹם קָדְשִׁי, קדושׁ י׳: Yeshaya 58:13^(×2) (c. כבּד). H also שַׁבְּתֹתֵיכֶם Vayikra 26:35; סִמָּחְֽרַת הַשּׁ׳ Vayikra 23:11, Vayikra 23:15, Vayikra 23:16; שַׁבְּתוֹתַי Vayikra 19:3, Vayikra 19:30; Vayikra 26:2; Yeshaya 56:4; Yechezkel 20:12; Yechezkel 22:26, + 8 times Ez; ‖ מוֹעֵד Eicha 2:6.

P gives as basis God’s resting Shemos 20:11; Shemos 31:17; שׁבתות י׳ Vayikra 23:38; קדשׁ ליהוה שׁ׳ Shemos 16:23, cf. Nechemia 9:14, שׁ׳ שׁבתון Shemos 31:15; Shemos 35:2; Vayikra 23:3; עשׂה השׁ׳ Shemos 31:16, עֹלַת שׁ׳ בְּשַׁבַּתּוֹ Bamidbar 28:10, cf. Yeshaya 66:23; בְּיוֹם הַשּׁ׳ בְּיוֹם הַשּׁ׳ Vayikra 24:8 on every sabbath, abbr. שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּת Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:32; לַשַּׁבָּתוֹת, ‖ חֳדָשִׁים + מועדים Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:31 + 3 times Chr, Nechemia 10:34 (ל om. by error); work punished by stoning Bamidbar 15:32; trade prohib. Nechemia 10:32; Nechemia 13:15-21.

day of atonement is a שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן Vayikra 16:31; Vayikra 23:32 (P), cf. שָׁבַת שַׁבָּת v Vayikra 23:32 (P).

sabbath year, שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן Vayikra 25:4 (H); שַׁבָּת ליהוה v Vayikra 25:2, Vayikra 25:4 (H); (הארץ) רצה שַׁבְּתוֹתֶיהָ Vayikra 26:34^(×2), Vayikra 26:43 (H), Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:21.

= week (?): שֶׁבַע שַׁבָּתוֹת Vayikra 23:15 (H), seven sabbaths or weeks; שֶׁבַע שַׁבְּתֹת (ה)שָּׁנִים Vayikra 25:8^(×2) (H) seven sabbaths or weeks (of years), uncertain (v. Mk 16:2, 9; Lk 18:12; Mt 28:1, cf. J.Aram. usage); poss. שַׁבָּת Yeshaya 66:23 = week (Du).

שַׁבַּת הָאָ֫רֶץ Vayikra 25:6 (H) = produce in sabbath year (growing of itself).

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שָׁבַת²

vb.denom. keep, observe (sabbath);—

, c. acc. cogn.; Pf. 3 fs. וְשָֽׁבְתָה הָאָרֶץ שַׁבָּת לי׳ Vayikra 25:2, cf. Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:21; 2 mpl. מֵעֶרֶב עַד־ עֶרֶב תִּשְׁבְּתוּ שַׁבַּתְּכֶ֑ם Vayikra 23:32 (P).

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שַׁבָּתוֹן

n.m. sabbath observance, sabbatism;—שׁ׳ Shemos 16:23 + 10 times P; usually phrase שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן sabbath of sabbatic observance;—

of weekly sabbath Shemos 31:15; Shemos 35:2; Vayikra 23:3; Shemos 16:23 (שַׁבָּתוֹן שַׁבַּת קֹדֶשׁ, prob. transp.).

day of atonement Vayikra 16:31; Vayikra 23:32.

sabbatical year Vayikra 25:4, cf. שְׁנַת שַׁבָּתוֹן v Vayikra 25:5.

שׁ׳ alone of feast of trumpets Vayikra 23:24, and of first and eighth days of feast of tabernacles v Vayikra 23:39, Vayikra 23:39.

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שַׁבְּתַי

n.pr. Levite;—Ezra 10:15; Nechemia 8:7; Nechemia 11:16; Σαβ(β)αθαι, etc.

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שָׁגַג

vb. go astray, commit sin or error (‖ שׁגה, שׁוג);—

Pf. שָׁגָג֛ Vayikra 5:18; Pt. שֹׁגֵג Iyov 12:16 Tehillim 119:67; f. שֹׁגֶ֫גֶת Bamidbar 15:28;—

error, mentally Iyov 12:16.

sin ignorantly, inadvertently, Vayikra 5:18; Bamidbar 15:28 (P), cf. Tehillim 119:67.—בְּשַׁגָּם Breishis 6:3 perhaps Inf. cstr. sf., by reason of their going astray, v. Ges^{§ 67 p} Ew Dr al.; > Vrss for that he also is flesh. אֲבִישַׁג, v. p. 4b.

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שְׁגָגָה

n.f. sin of error, inadvertence;—abs. שׁ׳ Bamidbar 15:25 +; sf. שִׁגְגָתוֹ Vayikra 5:18; שִׁגְגָתָם Bamidbar 15:25;—error (opp. sins of intention, or בְּיָד רָמָה) only P Ec: Bamidbar 15:25 = Koheles 5:5, cf. Koheles 10:5; על שׁ׳ Vayikra 5:18 Bamidbar 15:25; חטא בִּשׁ׳ Vayikra 4:2, Vayikra 4:22, Vayikra 4:27; Vayikra 5:15; Bamidbar 15:27, Bamidbar 15:28 + (vb. om.) v Bamidbar 15:26; עשׂה בִשׁ׳ Vayikra 4:22; Bamidbar 15:29 + (לִשׁ׳) v Bamidbar 15:24; אכל קֹדֶשׁ בִּשׁ׳ Vayikra 22:14; מַכֵּה־נֶפֶשׁ בִּשׁ׳ of unintended killing Bamidbar 35:11, Bamidbar 35:15 = Yehoshua 20:3, Yehoshua 20:9 (‖ in D בִּבְלִי־דַעַת).—Shmuel Alef 14:24 v. שׁגה.

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שִׁגָּיוֹן

v. p. 993b.

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שָׁגָה

vb. go astray, error (Aramaic שְׁגָא, ܫܓܳܐ id.);—

Pf. 1 s. שָׁגִיתִי Iyov 6:24; Iyov 19:4, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁגֶּה Mishlei 5:23, etc.; Inf. cstr. שְׁגוֹת Mishlei 19:27; Pt. שֹׁגֶה Yechezkel 45:20; Mishlei 20:1, etc.;—

error, stray, of flock Yechezkel 34:6 (fig.).

swerve, meander, reel or roll, in drunkenness, ב of drink Yeshaya 28:7^(×2); = be intoxicated, Mishlei 20:1; so with (בּ) love Mishlei 5:19, Mishlei 5:20; שׁ׳ בָּרֹאֶה Yeshaya 28:7.

go astray, morally, Shmuel Alef 26:21; Mishlei 5:23; Iyov 6:24; Iyov 19:4, + Shmuel Alef 14:24 (reading שׁ׳ שְׁגָגָה) Th We Dr Now (after 𝔊; otherwise Bu HPS); c. מן, of י׳’s commands Tehillim 119:21, Tehillim 119:118, מִן of words of knowledge Mishlei 19:27.

specif. commit sin of ignorance, inadvertence Vayikra 4:13; Bamidbar 15:22 (P) Yechezkel 45:20 (cf. שׁגג).

lead astray:

lit., Pt. מַשְׁגֶּה Devarim 27:18 (בַּדֶּרֶךְ).

מַשׁ׳ mentally = mislead Iyov 12:16.

morally, Pt. Mishlei 28:10 (רָ֑ע בְּדֶרֶךְ); Impf. 2 ms. sf. תַּשְׁגֵּנִי, c. מן of God’s commands Tehillim 119:10; + perhaps Iyov 12:23 leadeth nations astray (מַשְׂגִּיא in Kenn., Field).

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שָׁגֵה

(שָׁגֵא van d. H.) n.pr.m. father of a hero of David Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:34.—B Σωλα, A Σαγη, 𝔊L Σαμαια.

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שִׁגָּיוֹן²

doubtful word, Tehillim 7:1 (title), Ew De al. from √ שׁגה go astray, reel, i.e. wild, passionate song, with rapid changes of rhythm; cf. Lag^{BN 201 f.} who cp. שִׁגָּעוֹן, √ שׁגע; 𝔊 ψαλμός, read prob. מִזְמוֹר; pl. שִׁגְיֹנוֹת Chavakuk 3:1 (title), read נְגִינוֹת, so 𝔊.

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שֵׁגָל

n.f. (queen-) consort Nechemia 2:6 Tehillim 45:10, + perhaps Shoftim 5:30 v. שָׁלָל (Palm. n.pr.f. שגל Lzb³⁷² SAC¹¹¹ GACooke³⁰⁹; Thes¹³⁶³ cp. ‘queen,’ orig. ‘woman’; but שׁ׳ loan-word according to Lag^{BN 51, 153} and not from √ [שָׁגֵל]).

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שֶׁ֫גֶר

n.[f. Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 70}] offspring, young of beasts (שגר id. Ecclus Ben Sira 40:19; cf. We^{Skizzen iii. 170});—cstr. שׁ׳;—כָּל־פֶּטֶר שׁ׳ בְּהֵמָה Shemos 13:12 (J; כָּל־פ׳ רֶחֶם precedes); also שְׁגַר אֲלָפֶיךָ Devarim 7:13; Devarim 28:4, Devarim 28:18, Devarim 28:51 (all ‖ עַשְׁתְּרֹת צֹאנֶ֑ךָ).

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שַׁד

ii. שֹׁד breast, v. שׁדה.

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שֹׁד

v. שׁדד.

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שָׁדַד

vb. deal violently with, despoil, devastate, ruin (NH id., Niph.; Arabic سَدَّ stop up, obstruct, arrest, make firm; Ethiopic ሰደደ: expel; Assyrian šadâdu is draw, drag);—

Pf. 3 pl. consec. וְשָֽׁדְדוּ Yechezkel 32:12; sf. שַׁדּוּנִי Tehillim 17:9; Impf. 3 ms. יָשׁוּד (metapl., cf. Ges^{§ 67 q} Bae) Tehillim 91:6, sf. יְשָׁדֵּם (Ges^{§ 67 n}) Mishlei 11:3 Qr (Kt Pf. ושׁדם), יְשָׁדְדֵם Yirmiya 5:6; Imv. mpl. שָׁדְדוּ (Ges^{§ 67 cc}) Yirmiya 49:28; Inf. abs. שָׁדוֹד Micha 2:4; cstr. לִשְׁדוֹד Yirmiya 47:4 (Ges^{§ 45 g}), cf. also שֹׁד Hoshea 10:14; Pt. act. שֹׁדֵד Yirmiya 6:26 +, etc.; pass. שָׁדוּד Shoftim 5:27 +, f. שְׁדוּדָה Tehillim 137:8;—violently destroy, pers., = slay Shoftim 5:27 (pass.), Yirmiya 5:6 (wolf subj.; ‖ הִכָּה); acc. Philistines Yirmiya 47:4 (‖ הִכְרִית), v Yirmiya 5:4 (subj. י׳); = devastate, acc. בָּבֶל (subj. י׳) Yirmiya 51:55, cf. Tehillim 137:8 (read prob. הַשֹּׁדֵדָה We Du cf. Ew Hi הַשָּׁדוֹדָה v. Kö^{ii. 194}); אֶת־גְּאוֹן מִצְרַיִם Yechezkel 32:12 (‖ נִשְׁמַד), cf. Hoshea 10:14, אֶת־מַרְעִיתָם Yirmiya 25:36 (subj. י׳), abs. Yeshaya 21:2 (‖ בָּגַד), Yeshaya 33:1 (on use of pt. v. Ges^{§ 120 b}), pass. v Yeshaya 21:1 (‖ בָּנַד), אַתְּי שָׁדוּד Yirmiya 4:30 (Gf Ba^{NB 179}, but dub.; < Du שְׁדוּדָה); = despoil, acc. pers. Yirmiya 49:28; = bring pers. to ruin Micha 2:4 (Inf. abs. + Niph. q.v.), Mishlei 11:3; weaker, assail Tehillim 17:9; elsewhere Pt. act. as subst. devastator (despoiler?): of national foes Yeshaya 16:1; Yeshaya 21:2; Yeshaya 33:1; Yirmiya 6:26 + 8 times Je; שׁוֹדְדֵי לַיְלָה Ovadia 1:5 (‖ גַּנָּבִים) del. Now GASm; personal foe Iyov 15:21; representing wicked in gen. Iyov 12:6 (‖ מַרְגִּיזֵי אֵל).

Pf. 1 pl. שָׁדוֹד נִשַׁדֻּנוּ Ges^{§ 67 u}) we are utterly ruined Micha 2:4.

Impf. 2 ms. אַל־תְּשַׁדֵּד רִבְצוֹ Mishlei 24:15 assault not his dwelling-place (‖ אַל־תֶּאֱרֹב); Pt. as subst. מְשַׁדֶּד־אָב Mishlei 19:26 he who assaults, maltreats (his) father (‖ יַבְרִיחַ אֵם).

Pf. 3 ms. שֻׁדַּד Yeshaya 15:1 +, 3 fs. שֻׁדְּדָה Yirmiya 4:20 +, שָׁדְּדָה Nachum 3:7 (Ges^{§ 52 q}), etc.;—be devastated, of city Yeshaya 15:1^(×2); Yeshaya 23:1; Yirmiya 48:1; Yirmiya 49:3; Nachum 3:7, country or nation Yirmiya 4:20, cf. v Yirmiya 4:13 Yirmiya 9:18; Yirmiya 48:15, Yirmiya 48:20; Yirmiya 49:10, dwellings (אֹהֶל) Yirmiya 4:20; Yirmiya 10:20, trees Zecharia 11:2 (del. Sta^{ZAW i (1881), 25}), cf. v Yirmiya 49:33, strength of ships Yeshaya 23:14, field (by drought) Yoel 1:10, crop v Yoel 1:10. †Pōʿel violently destroy: Impf. 3 ms. יְשֹׁדֵד מַצֵּבוֹתָם Hoshea 10:2 (‖ יַעֲרֹף מִוְבְּחֹתָם).

Impf. (or Qal pass. Impf.? cf. Ges^{§ 53 u}) be devastated: 3 ms. בָּל־מִבְצָרֶיךָ יוּשָּׁ֑ד Hoshea 10:14 (of Ephr., < We pl. יושׁדו); 2 ms. תּוּשַּׁד Yeshaya 33:1 (subj. שׁוֹדֵד, v. Qal).

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שֹׁד²

(v. infr.) n.m. violence, havoc, devastation, ruin;—שׁ׳ abs. Hoshea 7:13 +; cstr. Yeshaya 22:4 +;—

violence, havoc, as social sin: חָמָס וָשֹׁד Amos 3:10; Yirmiya 6:7; Yirmiya 20:8; Yechezkel 45:9, שׁ׳ וְח׳ Chavakuk 1:3, כָּזָב וָשׁ׳ Hoshea 12:2 (l. וָשָׁוְא, 𝔊 We Marti al.), שׁ׳ יָשֶׁבֶר Yeshaya 59:7; Yeshaya 60:18; Mishlei 24:2 (‖ עָמָל; שׁ׳ רְשָׁעִים Mishlei 21:7; c. genit. obj. שׁ׳ עֲנִיִּים Tehillim 12:6.

devastation, ruin, for nation Hoshea 7:13, כְּשֹׁד מִשַּׁדַּי יָבוֹא Yeshaya 13:6 (sim. of יוֹם י׳) = Yoel 1:15; Yeshaya 16:4; (Lo Gr Che^Hpt Marti שֹׁדֵד; ‖ רֹמֵס), Yeshaya 22:4, שׁ׳ וְשֶׁבֶר Yeshaya 51:19; Yirmiya 48:3; more gen. Amos 5:9^(×2); for individ. Iyov 5:21 (van d. H. שׁוֹד), v Iyov 5:22; for beasts Chavakuk 2:17 (+ חֲמַס לְבָנוֹן).—Hoshea 10:14 v. שׁדד Inf.—מִשֹּׁר (הָֽלְכוּ) Hoshea 9:6 read אַשּׁוּר We Now Marti.—ii. שֹׁד, v. שׁדה.

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שַׁדַּי

v. infr. אַשְׁדוֹד v. p. 78; > here, Thes al.

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שֹׁד³

n.m. id. (cf. the rare Arabic ثُدٌ, Lane³³³ Ba^{ZMG xli. 637});—שׁ׳ abs., of mother Iyov 24:9; cstr. (fig., c. יָנַק): שׁ׳ מְלָכִים Yeshaya 60:16, שׁ׳ תַּנְחֻמֶיהָ Yeshaya 66:11, i.e. the consolations of Jerusalem.

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שְׁדֵיאוּר

n.pr.m. in Reuben (read prob. שַׁדַּי אוּר, שׁ׳ is flame, v. Nö^{ZMG xv (1860), 809} Ne^{Eg.. 46} Gray^{Prop. N. 169, 197});—only in אֱלִיצוּר בֶּן־שׁ׳ Bamidbar 1:5; Bamidbar 2:10; Bamidbar 7:30, Bamidbar 7:35; Bamidbar 10:18 (all P); Σεδιουρ.

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שִׁדָּה

n.f. meaning unknown;—only s. et pl. שִׁדָּה וְשִׁדּוֹת Koheles 2:8, apparently appos. of תַּעֲנֻגוֹת (𝔊 οἰνοχόον καὶ οἰνοχόας, i.e. שֹׁדֶה וְשֹׁדוֹת, from Aramaic שְׁדָא pour out [but not spec. of wine]; Aq κυλίκιον καὶ κυλίκια (cf. 𝔙), prob. from same √; Dl ^{Prol. 97} Kö ^{ii. 1. 161} Wildeb Siegf cp. Assyrian šadâdu, love (Siegf ‘Haremsperlen’), but this word lacks evidence; poss. שָׂרָה וְשָׂרוֹת, v. i. שָׂרָה).

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שַׁדַּי²

n.m. dei (etym. dub. (1) Aq Sym Theod ἱκανός; Rabb שֶׁ־ + דַּי (self-)sufficient, no moderns. (2)= almighty, √ שׁדד + י = Thes De Di Sta, or √ שׁדה = שׁדד, n. intens. Ew^{§ 155 c}, but שׁדד (q.v.) is deal violently not simply mightily; cf. 𝔊 παντοκράτωρ 14 (15) times (but in Pent. אל שׁ׳ is ὁ Θεός μου, σου, etc.), 𝔙 mostly omnipotens. (3) < conject. for orig. שֵׁדַי (v. שֵׁד) my sovereign lord, ‖ אֲדֹנָי, בעלי Nö^{SBA 1880, 775; ZMG xlii (1888), 481}; Hoffm^{Ph. Inscr. 53}; used of foreign deities (Devarim 32:17), and so discredited (cf. בַּעַל).—> other conj., e.g. RS^{OTJC, 424} √ שׁדה pour forth (God as rain-giver); Dl^{Pr 96 sq.} Assyrian šadûʾ, high, ilu šadûʾa, Che^{Comm. Is ii. 148}, or šadû, mountain, also in n.pr.; v. further Dr ^{Gn 404 ff.});—

שַׁדַּי Bamidbar 24:4, Bamidbar 24:16 (JE, poem), and so as archaism Rus 1:20, Rus 1:21 Tehillim 68:15; Tehillim 91:1 Yoel 1:15 = Yeshaya 13:6; Yechezkel 1:24 (del. Co); especially Iyov 5:17 + 30 times Jb (+ Iyov 19:29 Ew Di, reading שׁ׳ for שׁדין).

אֵל שַׁדַּי Breishis 49:25 (poem; so read for אֵת שׁ׳, v. Sam. 𝔊 𝔖 Saad, Heb. Codd.), and so, as archaism, divine name of patriarchs in P, Breishis 17:1; Breishis 28:3; Breishis 35:11; Breishis 48:3; Shemos 6:3; Breishis 43:14 (R^P); so Yechezkel 10:5 (del. Co; but 𝔊 Σαδδαι).

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שְׁדֵפָה

n.f. blighted or blasted thing;—וּשׁ׳ לִפְנֵי קָמָה Melachim Beis 19:26 a blasted thing before (the) standing grain, i.e. before maturity (> שְׁדֵמָה field, as ‖ Yeshaya 37:27, cf. Di), but improb.; Th proposes וּשׁ׳ ל׳ קָדִים; Kit שְׁדֻף הַקָּדִים; We (and most since) וּשְׁדֵכָּֽה ׃ לְפָנַי קֻמְךָ וגו׳ (Che: וּשְׁפָיִים, for וּשְׁדֵפָה).

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שִׁדָּפוֹן

n.m. smut, on crops (Lag^{BN 202} Vogelst^{Landwirthsch. 56});—שׁ׳ abs. + יֵרָקוֹן Amos 4:9, cf. Chaggai 2:17, Devarim 28:22 Melachim Alef 8:37 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:28.

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שַׁדְרַךְ

n.pr.m. Bab. name given to חֲנַנְיָה, one of Daniel’s comrades Daniel 1:7 (from and meaning dub.; Dl (cf. COT Dr) Šudur-Aku, command of Aku; Jen^{Th LZ 1895, 329} thinks Pers. [*Khšatraka]; Kohler^{ZA iv (1889), 50} conj. מרדך, so Wkl^{Altor. Forsch. iii. 47. 57} Zim^{KAT3. 396}).

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שֵׁשׁ

n.m. et f.six;—m. שֵׁשׁ (c. n.f.) Breishis 31:41 + 120 times; f. שִׁשָּׁה (c. n.m.) Breishis 30:20 + 39 times; cstr. שֵׁ֫שֶׁת Shemos 23:12 + 30 times (6 + 10 = 16 are additional);—six (Hex chiefly P):

no other num.:

bef. n.pl. 75 times: e.g. שֵׁשׁ שָׁנִים Shemos 21:2 (E) + 11 times, שֵׁשׁ אַמּוֹת Shmuel Alef 17:4 + 8 times; שֵׁשׁ בָּאַמָּה †Melachim Alef 6:6; שִׁשָּׁה בָּנִים Breishis 30:20 (E) + 2 times; שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים Shemos 23:12 (E) + 14 times; after n. (late) †Shemos 28:2 Yehoshua 15:59, Yehoshua 15:62 (all P), Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:27; Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:17; Nechemia 5:18; rarely n. om. Vayikra 24:6 (P) + (distrib. Shmuel Beis 21:20 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 20:6).

= ordin. שְׁנַת שֵׁשׁ לְחִזְק׳ Melachim Beis 18:10 (Ges^{§ 134 o}).

16, c. n.f.: שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה, bef. נָ֑פֶשׁ Breishis 46:18 (P), שָׁנָה Melachim Beis 13:10 + 9 times, בָּנוֹת Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:21; after עָרִים Yehoshua 15:41; Yehoshua 19:22 (P); c. n.m. שִׁשָׁה עָשָׂר, bef. אֲדָנִים Shemos 26:25; Shemos 36:30 (P), also אֶלֶף, 1000, Bamidbar 31:40 + (P); after בָּנִים Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:27, etc.; = ordin. 16th Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:14; Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:23 +, יוֹם שׁ׳ ע׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:17.

600 = שֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת, Breishis 7:6 (P) + 63 times; 6000 = שֵׁשֶׁת אֲלָפִים Bamidbar 3:34 (P) + 8 times; שׁ׳ אֶלֶף Shoftim 20:15 + 2 times

c. tens, שׁ׳ foll. Breishis 46:26 + 13 times, precedes Bamidbar 31:44 (P).

שׁ׳ as round no., חָמֵשׁ אוֹ־שׁ׳ Melachim Beis 13:19, cf. Iyov 5:19 Mishlei 6:16.

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שִׁשִּׁי

m.₂₂ שִׁשִׁית f.₆ adj.num. ordin. sixth;—(הַ)יוֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁי Breishis 1:31 + 5 times, etc.; בַּשָּׁנָה הַשִּׁשִּׁית Vayikra 25:21 Yechezkel 8:1, etc.; cstr. שִׁשִּׁית הַהִין Yechezkel 4:11 6th part of the hin, cf. Yechezkel 45:13; Yechezkel 46:14; read שׁ׳ also Yechezkel 45:13 (v. [שִׁשָּׁה] infra).

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שִׁשִּׁים

n. indecl. sixty;—bef. n. sg.: city Devarim 3:4 + 4 times, cubit Melachim Alef 6:2 Yechezkel 40:14, man Melachim Beis 25:19 = Yirmiya 52:25, day Vayikra 12:5, etc.; n.pl. בָּנוֹת Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:21, cf. Shir HaShirim 3:7; after n.pl. Bamidbar 7:88^(×3) Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:3; Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:21 +; שִׁשִּׁים אֶלֶף Divrei HaYamim Beis 12:3 +; שׁ׳ foll. units Breishis 5:15 + 12 times; שׁ׳ precedes unit Yeshaya 7:8 + 12 times; שׁ׳ foll. 100 (1000) Ezra 8:10 + 11 times; precedes Breishis 5:18 + 8 times

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שֹׁ֫הַם

n.m. ^{Iyov 28:16} a gem, identif. dubious, Vrss vary; onyx or chrysoprasus Ri^{HWB 2, 336 f.} onyx Taylor^{Hast. DB iii. 624}, beryl Ridgeway^{Ency. Bib. 545} malachite Myres^{ib. 4808}, etc.; cf. also Dr Breishis 2:12 (√ unknown; perhaps loan-word, cf. Assyrian sâmtu Dl^{WB 438});—אֶבֶן הַשּׁ׳ Breishis 2:12 (J; + הַבְּדֹלַח), in land Ḥavilah; אַבְנֵי שׁ׳ Shemos 25:7; Shemos 28:9; Shemos 35:9, Shemos 35:27; Shemos 39:6 (all P), Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:2; אֶבֶן om. Yechezkel 28:13; Shemos 28:20; Shemos 39:13 (both P; all in lists of gems); שׁ׳ יָקָר וְסַפִּיר Iyov 28:16.

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שֹׁ֫הַם²

n.pr.m. Levite;—שׁ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:27; Ισ(σ)οαμ, Ιεσσαμ.

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שְׁוָא

n.pr.m.

Calebite Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:49, Σαου, Σουε.

secretary, David’s time Shmuel Beis 20:25 Qr (Kt שׁיא), Ιησους, A Ισους, 𝔊L Σουσα (v. שְׂרָיָה(וּ) 1).

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שׁוא

(√ of foll.; cf. Arabic سَآءَ (med. و) be evil, foul, unseemly; Ethiopic ሰይአ. baseness).

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שָׁוְא

n.[m.] emptiness, vanity;—שׁ׳ abs. Shemos 23:1 + 51 times, שָׁו Iyov 15:31 (Kt);—

emptiness, nothingness, vanity: שׁ׳ תְּשׁוּעַת אָדָם Tehillim 60:13 vain (is) man’s deliverance, = Tehillim 108:13; שׁ׳ לָכֶם Tehillim 127:2 it is vain (useless) for you; Tehillim 89:48 for (עַל) what nothingness hast thou created man? cf. שׁ׳ יַרְחֵי Iyov 7:3; הַבְלֵי שׁ׳ Tehillim 31:7 (idols) = Yonah 2:9, cf. Yirmiya 18:15; מִנְחַת שׁ׳ Yeshaya 1:13 of ineffective offering to י׳; נשׂא לַשּׁ׳ (לֹא) Shemos 20:7^(×2) take up name of God in vain (to no good purpose) = Devarim 5:11^(×2), cf. Tehillim 24:4; Tehillim 139:20 [MT lifted up in vain are thy foes; היה שׁ׳ Hoshea 12:12 become nothing (We עשׂה שׁ׳, and so 3); ראה שׁ׳ Tehillim 119:37; adv. לַשּׁ׳ in vain Yirmiya 2:30; Yirmiya 4:30; Yirmiya 6:29; Yirmiya 46:11; שׁ׳ Tehillim 127:1^(×2); Malachi 3:14; Iyov 35:13.

emptiness of speech, שׁ׳ וּדְבַר כָּזָב Mishlei 30:8; דבּר שׁ׳ Tehillim 12:3; Tehillim 41:7; Tehillim 144:8, Tehillim 144:11; Yeshaya 59:4; Yechezkel 13:8; אָלוֹת שׁ׳ Hoshea 10:4 + Hoshea 12:2 𝔊 We al. (for שֹׁד); הָלַךְ עִם־שׁ׳ Iyov 31:5 (‖ מִרְמָה); עֵד שׁ׳ Devarim 5:17 = עֵד שָֽׁקֶר Shemos 20:13); cf. שֵׁמַע שׁ׳ Shemos 23:1 (E); of false (empty) prophecy חֲזוֹן שׁ׳ Yechezkel 12:24, חָזוּ שׁ׳ Eicha 2:14; v. also Yechezkel 13:6, Yechezkel 13:7, Yechezkel 13:9, Yechezkel 13:23; Yechezkel 21:34; Yechezkel 22:28; Iyov 35:13 (or empty complaint) Eicha 2:14^(×2); קסם שׁ׳ Yechezkel 21:28; חֲלמוֹת הַשּׁ׳ Zecharia 10:2.

of conduct, worthlessness (Buhl sub 1, 2); מְתֵי שׁ׳ worthless men Tehillim 26:4; Iyov 11:11; worthless motives (in fig.) חֵבְלֵי הַשּׁ׳ Yeshaya 5:18; נָפַת שׁ׳ Yeshaya 30:28 (i.e. sifting out the worthless; al. sieve of (bringing) disappointment); play on meanings in Iyov 15:31^(×2), cf. Dr^{Job, Psalt. 464}.

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שׁוא²

(√ of foll.; prob. ‖ form of שׁאה).

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שׁוֹא

n.[m.] ravage (?);—pl. sf. שֹׁאֵיהֶם Tehillim 35:17 rescue me from their ravages (si vera l.); 𝔊 κακουργία; Ol Dy Gr Che^Comm. plausibly שַׁאֲגָם their roaring, cf. v Tehillim 35:16, Tehillim 35:17; We Du שֹׁאֲגִים.

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שׁוֹאָה

n.f. devastation, ruin, waste;—abs. שׁו׳ Yeshaya 10:3 +, שֹׁאָה Yeshaya 47:11; Tzefania 1:15; Iyov 30:14 (+ Iyov 38:27 van d. H. Gi, but v. Baer’s n.); cstr. שֹׁאַת Mishlei 3:25;—

devastation, ruin, as coming on pers., Yeshaya 10:3; Yeshaya 47:11 (Babylon personif.), Tehillim 35:8; Tehillim 63:10; שֹׁאַת רְשָׁעִים Mishlei 3:25 (obj. genit.; ‖ פַּחַד); (יוֹם) שׁ׳ וּמְשׁוֹאָה Tzefania 1:15; prob. = devastating storm, in sim. Yechezkel 38:9 (‖ עָנָן), Mishlei 1:27 (Qr; Kt שׁאוה; ‖ סוּפָה).—Tehillim 35:8 read prob. שַׁחְתֹּה his pit, 𝔖 We (cf. v Tehillim 35:7).

concretely, ruin, waste, of the desert, Iyov 30:3 (reading אֶרֶץ for אֶמֶשׁ Ol; otherwise sub 1), שׁ׳ וּמְשׁוֹאָה Iyov 38:27 (‖ מִדְבָּר v Iyov 30:26); = ruins Iyov 30:14.

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שׁוּב

vb. turn back, return (NH id.; Hiph. in MI 8 f. 12; Sab. תֿוב, התֿב, especially requite Os^{ZMG xix (1865), 198} SabDenkm^{No. 20, l. 1} Hom^{Chrest. 122} CIS ^{iv. 81, 1. 9}, etc.; Arabic ثَابَ return, so Aramaic תּוּב, ܬܒ );—

Pf. 3 ms. שָׁב Breishis 18:33 +, 3 fs. שָׁ֫בָה Rus 1:15 +, וְשָׁבַת consec. †Yechezkel 46:17 (Ges^{§ 72 o}, but Co Toy Krae וְשָׁבָה), 2 ms. שַׁבְתָּ Tehillim 85:2, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָשׁוּב Hoshea 11:5 + often, יָשֻׁב Tehillim 146:4; Eicha 3:3, juss. יָשֹׁב Shoftim 7:3 +, וַיָּ֫שָׁב Breishis 26:18 +; 3 fpl. תָּשֹׁבְןָ Yechezkel 16:55^(×2), תְּשֻׁבֶינָה v Yechezkel 16:55, etc.; Imv. ms. שׁוּב Breishis 31:3 +, שֻׁב Shemos 4:19; Melachim Alef 18:43, שׁוּ֫בָה Hoshea 14:2 +, fpl. שֹׁבְנָה Rus 1:8, Rus 1:11, Rus 1:12, etc.; Inf. abs. שׁוֹב Breishis 8:3 +, cstr. שׁוּב Shemos 4:21 +, שֹׁב Yehoshua 2:16 (Ges^{§ 72 q}), etc.; Pt. שָׁב Breishis 43:18 +, fs. שָׁבָ֫ה Rus 1:22 +, etc.; pass. cstr. שׁוּבֵי Micha 2:8;—turn back, return:

turn back, c. מִן loc. Shoftim 3:19; Shoftim 8:13, cf. Shoftim 7:3, c. מֵאַחֲרֵי pers., i.e. from following Shmuel Beis 11:15; Melachim Alef 19:21; Rus 1:16, from pursuing Shmuel Beis 2:26, Shmuel Beis 2:30; Melachim Alef 22:33 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:32; c. מִן of pursuit Shmuel Alef 17:53; Shmuel Alef 23:28, cf. Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:4; c. אַחֲרֵי pers., i.e. so as to follow Shmuel Alef 15:31 Shmuel Beis 23:10; turn back in fear, מִן rei Iyov 39:22 (of horse), מִפְנֵי כֹל Mishlei 30:30 (of lion), so abs. (of foes) Tehillim 6:11; Tehillim 56:10; Tehillim 70:4, in shame Eicha 1:8; turn back and do so and so: Breishis 14:7; Shemos 14:2, cf. Bamidbar 33:7 (עַל loc., both P), Yehoshua 8:21 (E), Yehoshua 11:10 (J), Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:20, sq. inf. Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:27; abs. turn back (face about) Shir HaShirim 7:1^(×4) (+ vb.); = be repulsed, defeated Tehillim 9:4 (+ אָחוֹר), Tehillim 74:21; fig. turn back, viz. from promise or vow Shoftim 11:35; c. מִן of service Bamidbar 8:25 (P), i.e. be exempt.

return, come or go back, c. מֵעַל pers. Shmuel Alef 17:15 (opp. הלך), Shmuel Beis 10:14; Melachim Beis 18:14, מִן pers. Yehoshua 10:31 (+ בְּשָׁלוֹם), מִן loc., especially from foreign land Melachim Beis 8:3; Divrei HaYamim Beis 10:2; Rus 1:6, Rus 1:22; Rus 2:6; Rus 4:3; Yirmiya 31:16; Yirmiya 40:12; Yirmiya 43:5; Yirmiya 44:28; Ezra 6:21; Nechemia 8:17, מֵהַכּוֹת Breishis 14:17 (JE?), Shmuel Alef 17:57; Shmuel Alef 18:6; Shmuel Beis 1:1; Shmuel Beis 8:13, מֵאַחֲרֵי i.e. from pursuing Shmuel Alef 24:2 (Gi v Shmuel Alef 24:1); fig., לֹא שׁ׳ מִנִּי חֹשֶׁךְ Iyov 15:22 (v. חֹשֶׁךְ 3 a); עִבְרוּ וָשׁוּבוּ מִשַּׁעַר לָשַׁעַר Shemos 32:27 (J), i.e. go back and forth from gate to gate, cf. (abs.) pt. as subst. עֹבֵר וָשָׁב Zecharia 7:14; Zecharia 9:8 and (= all persons) Yechezkel 35:7; also וַיֵּצֵא יָצוֹא וָשׁוֹב Breishis 8:7 (J), רָצוֹא וָשׁוֹב Yechezkel 1:14 (del. Hi Co Toy al.; yet v. Krae); Breishis 8:3 (J) v. הלך 4 c (4).

especially return unto:

go back, אֶל pers. Bamidbar 23:5, Bamidbar 23:16 (JE), Melachim Beis 1:6 (‖ הָלַךְ, as often), Shemos 5:22 (J; אֶל־י׳, Shemos 32:31 (E; id.), Bamidbar 17:15 (P), Shmuel Beis 20:22 (+ acc. loc.), Yirmiya 46:16 (both + אֶל loc.), + 17 times; אֶל loc. also Breishis 21:32; Breishis 28:21 (both E), Shmuel Beis 11:4; Hoshea 5:15 (of י׳), Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:1 (+ בְּשָׁלוֹם, + ל pers.), Esther 2:14 (opp. בּוֹא), Esther 7:8 (+ מִן loc.), + 27 times; of a dog שׁ׳ עַל־קֵאוֹ Mishlei 26:11; ל loc. Breishis 18:33 (J), Shmuel Alef 26:25; Shmuel Alef 29:4; Melachim Alef 19:15 (+ -ה loc.), Breishis 33:16 (J; לְדַרְכּוֹ, + id.), Tehillim 7:8 (of י׳), + 25 times; ל pers. †Rus 1:10 (לְעַמֵּךְ); -ה loc. also Breishis 44:13 (J), Shemos 4:20, Shemos 4:21 (R), Shemos 13:17 (E), + 5 times; שָׁם (= שָׁ֫מָּה) Yirmiya 22:27; acc. loc. also Hoshea 8:13; Hoshea 9:3; Shmuel Alef 18:2; Shmuel Beis 3:27; Shmuel Beis 15:27 (+ בְּשָׁלוֹם), Melachim Beis 2:25 (+ מִן loc.), + 15 times; acc. דֶּרֶךָ Yechezkel 46:9; acc. pers. †Bamidbar 10:36; אַחֲרֵי pers. Rus 1:15; abs. Shmuel Beis 3:16; Shmuel Beis 19:16 (+ בּוֹא), Melachim Alef 18:43; Yirmiya 40:5 (< del. 𝔊 Gie Du), Yechezkel 7:13 (del. 𝔊 Co Krae al.) +; sq. vb., go back and do so and so, Breishis 43:2; Shmuel Alef 1:19; Shmuel Alef 29:7 (שׁוּב וְלֵךְ בְּשָׁלוֹם), Melachim Alef 13:22; Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:16 (+ בְּשָׁלוֹם) +, (Yirmiya 42:10 read יָשׁוֹב Vrss and mod.); sq. inf. purpose Shoftim 14:8; Shmuel Beis 6:20 + 10 times

come back, אֶל pers. Breishis 8:9 (J; + אֶל loc.), Shemos 24:14 (J), Shmuel Alef 23:23 + Shmuel Beis 17:3 (𝔊 Ew Th We Dr HPS Bu), Melachim Alef 12:15 (opp. הָלַךְ) + 9 times + (in hostility) Shoftim 20:48; אֶל loc. also Zecharia 8:3 (subj. י׳); Yehoshua 22:32 (P) has מֵאֵת pers. + מִן loc. + אֶל loc. + אֶל pers.; אֶל rei Yechezkel 7:13; עַל pers. †Nechemia 4:6 Micha 5:2 (be reunited to); עַל loc. †Melachim Alef 17:21, Melachim Alef 17:22; ל loc. Yehoshua 1:15 (R), Zecharia 1:16 (subj. י׳), Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:9 + (from exile) 5 times; ל animal., Iyov 39:4; -ה loc. †Breishis 15:16 (E), Breishis 50:14 (J); acc. loc. †Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:8; שָׁם Yirmiya 22:11 (opp. יָצָא), שָׁ֫מָּה v Yirmiya 22:27, הֵ֫נָּה Yirmiya 31:8; abs. Breishis 43:10 (J), Shmuel Beis 10:5; Melachim Beis 1:5; Yeshaya 21:12 (‖ אָתָה), Iyov 39:12 (Kt, so Bu Du; of wild ox), + often; + בְּשָׁלוֹם Shoftim 8:9; Melachim Alef 22:28 (שׁוֹב תָּשׁוּב) = Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:27; Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:26; + vb., come back and do so and so, †Devarim 1:45; Devarim 30:8; Yirmiya 37:8; Melachim Alef 19:7; Melachim Alef 20:5; Melachim Beis 9:36 Tehillim 60:2 (title), cf. Zecharia 4:1; Daniel 11:10, שׁ׳ לָשֶׁבֶת Bamidbar 35:32 (P), שׁ׳ לָלֶכֶת Koheles 5:14.

of dying, שׁ׳ אֶל־(הֶ)עָפָר Breishis 3:19^(×2) (J), Tehillim 104:29; Koheles 3:20, עַל־עָפָר Iyov 34:15; שׁ׳ לְאַדְמָתוֹ Tehillim 146:4, cf. אָשׁוּב שָׁ֫מָּה (i.e. בֶּטֶן אִמּוֹ) Iyov 1:21 (v. Di Bu, also Koheles 5:14); שׁ׳ לִשְׁא֑וֹלָה Tehillim 9:18; so prob. abs. Tehillim 90:3 (> come back to life); of (human) dust, שׁ׳ עַל־הָאָרֶץ Koheles 12:7; breath, שׁ׳ אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִים v Koheles 12:7.

of revival from death, שׁ׳ לְבֵיתוֹ Iyov 7:10, abs. Iyov 10:21 (opp. הָלַךְ), Iyov 16:22 (id.), Mishlei 2:19; also c. אֶל pers. Shmuel Beis 12:23.

fig. of human relations:

return to leader, king, אֶל pers., Shoftim 11:8; Melachim Alef 12:27^(×2); to divorced wife Yirmiya 3:1 (opp. הלך).

= change so as to approach (in purpose, desire), אֶל־ pers. Yirmiya 15:19^(×2).

turn, i.e. resort to, ל pers. Tehillim 119:79.

return to a physical condition Iyov 33:25 (ל rei); to a state or course of life, ל rei Yeshaya 23:17; Yechezkel 16:55^(×3); Nechemia 9:17 Tehillim 85:9 עַל rei Yirmiya 11:10, הֲלוֹם Tehillim 73:10 (but crpt.); ב Yirmiya 8:6 (Du reads שָׁט for שָׁב).

abs. = change course of action; from good to bad, וַיָּשָׁב וַיִּמְרָד־בּוֹ Melachim Beis 24:1; Yirmiya 34:11, Yirmiya 34:16; bad to good v Yirmiya 34:15; so שׁ׳ alone Iyov 6:29^(×2) (prob.; read וְשׁוּבוּ, so Di Da Bu al.; other interpr. De Du al.).

pt. pass. = averse, שׁוּבֵי מִלְחָמָה Micha 2:8 (> We Now שׁבִי spoil of war).

fig., specif. of spiritual relations:

turn back from God, = apostatize, מֵאַחֲרֵי י׳ Bamidbar 14:43 (J), Shmuel Alef 15:11; Melachim Alef 9:6 (שׁוֹב תְּשֻׁב֫וּן), Yirmiya 3:19; Bamidbar 32:15; Yehoshua 22:16, Yehoshua 22:18, Yehoshua 22:23, Yehoshua 22:29 (all P); abs. (usually + vb.) Shoftim 2:19; Shoftim 8:33; Yehoshua 23:12 (R^D), Yirmiya 8:4 Tehillim 78:41; Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:19.

of י׳, turn away, מֵאַחֲרֵי pers. Devarim 23:15.

turn back to God (= seek penitently), אֶל־י׳ Hoshea 6:1; Hoshea 7:10; Hoshea 14:3; Yirmiya 3:7; Melachim Alef 8:33, Melachim Alef 8:48 (בְּכָל־לֵבָב), + 18 times; אֶל־אֱלֹהִים †Hoshea 5:4 Tehillim 51:15, cf. Yeshaya 10:21; עַל־י׳ †Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:4; Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:9; עַד־י׳ Amos 4:6, Amos 4:8, Amos 4:9, Amos 4:10, Amos 4:11; Hoshea 14:2; Yeshaya 9:12 + 5 times; עַד־שַׁדַּי †Iyov 22:23; לי׳ Yeshaya 31:6, שׁ׳ נַפְשִׁי לִמְנוּחָ֑יְכִי Tehillim 116:7; cf. לַבַּעַל Hoshea 7:16 (for לֹא עַל, Now, cf. Marti); לְתוֹכַחְתִּי Mishlei 1:23 (prob. del., v. Toy).

abs. repent, Hoshea 3:5; Hoshea 11:5; Yeshaya 6:10; Yeshaya 10:22; Yirmiya 3:7, Yirmiya 3:12, Yirmiya 3:14, Yirmiya 3:22; Yirmiya 4:1; Yirmiya 5:3 + 14 times, + pt. as subst. Yeshaya 1:27.

turn back from evil, c. מִן (especially Je Ez) Melachim Alef 8:35; Melachim Alef 13:33; Yirmiya 15:7; Yirmiya 18:8 + 8 times Je, Yechezkel 3:19; Yechezkel 13:22 + 12 times Ez, + 9 times; cf. שָׁבֵי פֶשַׁע Yeshaya 59:20; שׁוּבוּ וְהָשִׁיבוּ מִן Yechezkel 18:30, so c. מֵעַל Yechezkel 14:6; from good, c. מִן, †Yechezkel 3:20; Yechezkel 18:24, Yechezkel 18:26; Yechezkel 33:18.

of י׳, שׁ׳ מֵחֲרוֹן אַפּוֹ Shemos 32:12 (JE), Devarim 13:18; Yehoshua 7:26 (J), Melachim Beis 23:26; Yonah 3:9; שׁ׳ מִמֶּנּוּ אַף־י׳ Hoshea 14:5; Yirmiya 2:35; Yirmiya 4:8; Bamidbar 25:4 (P), Divrei HaYamim Beis 12:12; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:10; Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:8, so (man’s anger) Breishis 27:45 (J) and (abs.) v Breishis 27:44 (E); abs. of אַף־י׳ Yeshaya 5:25; Yeshaya 9:11, Yeshaya 9:16, Yeshaya 9:20; Yeshaya 10:4; Yeshaya 12:1; Yirmiya 23:20 (opp. יָצָא v Yirmiya 23:19), Yirmiya 30:24 Iyov 14:13; Daniel 9:16.

of י׳, return (to shew favour), אֶל pers. †Breishis 18:10 (+ inf. abs.), v Breishis 18:14 Zecharia 1:3; Malachi 3:7; Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:6, abs. Yeshaya 63:17 Tehillim 80:15 (‖ הִבִּיט, פָּקַד), Tehillim 90:13, + vb. Yirmiya 12:15 Tehillim 6:5 Yoel 2:14 Yonah 3:9; also in hostility, + vb. Yehoshua 24:20 (E), c. inf. purpose Hoshea 11:9.

of י׳, turn back from (מִן) judgment Yirmiya 4:28, אֱמֶת Tehillim 132:11; מֵאַחֲרֵי pers., i.e. cease to bless, Yirmiya 32:40.

of inanimate things (sometimes personified, or treated as things of life):

as perceptibly moving, water Breishis 8:3 (J; מֵעַל loc.), Yehoshua 4:18 (J; ל loc.), Shemos 14:26 (P; עַל pers.), v Shemos 14:28 (P; + vb.), Tehillim 104:9 (ל inf.), sea Shemos 14:27 (J; לְאֵיתָנוֹ); wind Tehillim 78:39 (opp. הלך), Koheles 1:6 (עַל loc.); shadow Melachim Beis 20:9, Melachim Beis 20:10 (+ אֲחֹרַנִּית), ‖ Yeshaya 38:8 (sun on dial), of breath (= revive) Shoftim 15:19; Shmuel Alef 30:12 (אֶל pers.); clouds Koheles 12:2 (מִן temp.); rain and snow Yeshaya 55:10 (ה loc.); rolling stone Mishlei 26:27; sword Shmuel Beis 1:22 (מִן rei), Yechezkel 21:10, arrow Yirmiya 50:9; of plague-spot = re-appear, Vayikra 14:43 (P).

= be brought back, Breishis 43:18 (J), Shmuel Alef 5:11 (ל loc.), hence be restored, ל pers. Yechezkel 46:17, so of kingdom Melachim Alef 12:26, city Shmuel Alef 7:14 (Yechezkel 35:9 v. ישׁב 4), field Vayikra 27:24 (P); of animal Devarim 28:31.

= be turned into, ל rei, Yeshaya 29:17; = be turned back into, עַד rei, Micha 1:7.

return, fig. of word, (1) Yeshaya 45:23, c. אֶל pers. Yeshaya 55:11 (both opp. יָצָא); (2) Tehillim 35:13 my prayer turned upon (עַל) my bosom (was uttered with bowed head, De Bae Du).

turn away, depart, of infamy Mishlei 25:10.

return (in recompense), of crime, evil, etc., c. בְּרֹאשׁ Melachim Alef 2:33; Ovadia 1:15 Tehillim 7:17, עַל־רֹאשׁ Esther 9:25, ל pers. Tehillim 54:7 (Kt; > Qr Hiph.), Mishlei 12:14.

Tehillim 94:15 judgment (-giving) shall return to (עַד) righteousness (be in accord therewith).

of boundary, = change (sometimes reverse) direction (P), -ה loc. Yehoshua 19:12 (+ מִן loc.), v Yehoshua 19:34 (+ acc. loc.), acc. loc. also v Yehoshua 19:27, Yehoshua 19:29 (+ עַד loc.), v Yehoshua 19:29.

be restored to healthy condition, of withered hand Melachim Alef 13:6^(×2) (אֶל pers.), leprous hand Shemos 4:7 (J; c. כ comp.), flesh Melachim Beis 5:10 (ל pers.), v Melachim Beis 5:14; Vayikra 13:16 (‖ נֶהְפַּךְ לְלָבָן).

denoting repetition, etc. (Ges^{§ 120 d g}): + vb., return (and) do = do again, Breishis 26:18; Breishis 30:31; Bamidbar 11:4 (all J), Shoftim 19:7; Shmuel Alef 3:5, Shmuel Alef 3:6; Melachim Alef 13:33; Melachim Alef 19:6; Melachim Beis 1:11, Melachim Beis 1:13; Melachim Beis 19:9; Melachim Beis 21:3 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:3; Yirmiya 18:4; Yirmiya 36:28; Zecharia 5:1; Zecharia 6:1; Malachi 1:4; Iyov 10:16; Iyov 17:10 Tehillim 7:13; Daniel 9:25, perhaps also Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:4; cf. Yeshaya 6:13 = it, in turn, shall be destroyed (destruction shall be repeated in its case), Eicha 3:3 appar. = do repeatedly; שׁ׳ + Inf. abs. Koheles 4:1, Koheles 4:7; Koheles 9:11; in compar. עוֹד תָּשׁוּב תִּרְאֶה Yechezkel 8:6 thou shalt see yet greater abominations, so v Yechezkel 8:13 and (מִן comp.) v Yechezkel 8:15; שׁ׳ + Inf. cstr. Devarim 24:4; Devarim 30:9; Yehoshua 5:2 (R^D), Yirmiya 36:28; Yechezkel 8:17; Ezra 9:14; Nechemia 9:28; Iyov 7:7; Koheles 1:7: = reverse one’s action, + vb. Yehoshua 2:23 (E), Hoshea 2:11; Melachim Beis 13:25; Devarim 30:3; Micha 7:19; Zecharia 8:15 Tehillim 71:20^(×2); Tehillim 85:7; = restore to original condition by doing, + vb. Devarim 23:14.

trans., peculiarly, in phr. שׁ׳ שְׁבוּת restore captivity of, etc., c. 21 times (v. שְׁבוּת sub שָׁבָה); שׁ׳ י׳ צִיּוֹן Yeshaya 52:8, שׁ׳ c. sf. pers. Tehillim 85:5; elsewhere only וְשָׁב י׳ אֶת־גְּאוֹן יַעֲקֹב וגו׳ Nachum 2:3, cf. Hiph. 9.

bring back, Pf. 1 s. וְשֹׁבַבְתִּ֫י, c. acc. pers. + אֶל loc. Yirmiya 50:19 (י׳ subj.), Inf. cstr. sf. בְּשׁוֹבְבִי, c. מִן loc. Yechezkel 39:27 and (fig.) לְשׁוֹבֵב, c. אֶל pers. Yeshaya 49:5; Impf. 2 ms. תְּשׁוֹבֵב לָנוּ Tehillim 60:3 = take us back into power.

fig. restore, refresh, 3 ms. נַפְשִׁי יְשׁוֹבֵב Tehillim 23:3 (י׳ subj.); cf. Hiph. 2 b.

restore, repair, Pt. מְשׁוֹבֵב נְתִיבוֹח לָשָׁ֑בֶת Yeshaya 58:12.

lead away (enticingly), Pf. 1 s. sf. (of Gog), י׳ subj., וְשׁוֹבַבְתִּיךָ Yechezkel 38:4 (del. Co), וְשֹׁ׳ Yechezkel 39:2; so fig. 3 fs. sf. וְדַעְתֵּךְ הִיא שׁוֹבְבָ֑תֶךְ Yeshaya 47:10 (of Bab.);—Yirmiya 50:6 v. Qal.

shew turning = apostatize (cf. Hiph. 8), Pf. 3 fs. שׁוֹבְבָה Yirmiya 8:5 (read שׁוֹבֵב, and del. ירושׁלם, c. 𝔊).—Vid. also שׁוֹבֵב infra.

Pt. f. מְשׁוֹבֶ֫בֶת Yechezkel 38:8 a land restored + מִן rei.—Vid. also שׁוֹבָב infra.

Pf. 3 ms. Breishis 41:13 +; sf. וַהֲשִׁיבְךָ Breishis 40:13, וֶהֱשִׁיבְךָ Devarim 28:68; 2 ms. הֱשִׁיבוֹתָ Tehillim 85:4, וַהֲשֵׁבֹתָ֫ Devarim 4:39; Devarim 30:1, sf. וַהֲשֵׁיבוֹתָם Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:25; 1 s. consec. וַהֲשִׁיב֫וֹתִי Amos 1:8, וַהֲשִׁבֹתִ֫י Bamidbar 22:8 +, sf. וְהוֹשְׁבוֹתִים Zecharia 10:6 (but read וַהֲשִׁבוֹתִים, v. ישׁב Hiph.), etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָשִׁיב Shemos 21:34 +, (read יָשִׁב Daniel 11:18, Daniel 11:19 > Qr v Daniel 11:18 יָשֵׂם), וַיָּ֫שֶׁב Breishis 20:14 +; sf. יְשִׁבֵנִי Shmuel Beis 15:8 +, וַיְשִׁיבֵם Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:4 + Shmuel Alef 12:8 Vrss We Dr al.; 3 fpl. תָּשֵׁבְנָה Iyov 20:10, etc.; Imv. ms. הָשֵׁב Breishis 20:7 +, הָשֵׁיב Melachim Beis 8:6, הָשַׁ֑ב Yeshaya 42:22, so הָשַׁ֖ב Yechezkel 21:35 (v. Ke and still Toy; Ew Sm Krae Inf. abs. הָשֵׁב), הָשִׁיבָה Shoftim 11:13 +, etc.; Inf. abs. הָשֵׁב Shemos 23:4 +; cstr. הָשִׁיב Breishis 42:35 +, etc.; Pt. מֵשִׁיב Breishis 20:7 +, etc.;—cause to return, bring back:

c. acc. pers. + אֶל loc. Breishis 24:5 (J; הֶהָשֵׁב אָשִׁיב), Breishis 28:15 (J), Breishis 42:37 (E), Breishis 48:21 (E), +; especially from exile Melachim Alef 8:34 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:25; Yirmiya 27:22 + 5 times Je; + אֶל pers. Melachim Alef 22:26 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:25; + עַל loc. Yirmiya 16:15; Yirmiya 23:3; Yirmiya 24:6; + ל loc. Yirmiya 12:15; + acc. loc. Shmuel Beis 15:8 (read הָשֵׁב יְשִׁבֵנִי Vrss Th We Dr al.), Devarim 28:68; Yechezkel 29:14; Yechezkel 47:6; Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:13, etc.; + מִן loc. Yirmiya 41:16; Zecharia 10:10, מֵאֵת pers. Yirmiya 41:16, מִן inf. Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:13; acc. pers. only Shoftim 19:3; Melachim Alef 13:20, Melachim Alef 13:23 +; bring back into bondage, etc., Yirmiya 34:11, Yirmiya 34:16; = allow to return Yirmiya 15:19; acc. pers. + rei (= recover, recapture), Yirmiya 28:6 (+ אֶל loc., מִן loc.); = recover, rescue, Breishis 14:16 (acc. pers. + rei), Tehillim 35:17 (acc. נַפְשִׁי, מִן rei); acc. rei + אֶל pers. Breishis 44:8 (J), + עַל pers. Shemos 15:9 (song), Mishlei 20:26; + אֶל loc. Melachim Alef 14:28 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 12:11; Yirmiya 28:3; Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:11; acc. of hand, אֶל־פֶּה Shmuel Alef 14:27; Mishlei 19:24 Mishlei 26:15; especially of י׳’s hand, in judgment, sq. עַל Amos 1:8; Yeshaya 1:25; Zecharia 13:7 Tehillim 81:15, also of man’s hand Yirmiya 6:9; Yechezkel 38:12; + acc. loc. Shmuel Beis 15:25, Shmuel Beis 15:29; + שָׁם Nechemia 13:9; acc. rei alone Breishis 43:12, Breishis 43:21 (both בְּיֶדְכֶם), Breishis 14:16 (= recapture), Shmuel Alef 6:21; Shmuel Alef 30:19; Melachim Alef 13:29 (corpse), Vayikra 26:26 (H); c. acc. animal. Shmuel Alef 6:7 (מֵאַחֲרֵי), Yechezkel 34:4, Yechezkel 34:16 (fig.); shadow on dial Melachim Beis 20:11 = Yeshaya 38:8.—Iyov 39:12 v. Qal 3 b.

put back: acc. rei, stone, עַל־פִּי הַבְּאֵר Breishis 29:3 (J), veil עַל־פָּנָיו Shemos 34:35 (P), Dagon לִמְקוֹמוֹ Shmuel Alef 5:3, rod לִפְנֵי הָעֵדוּת Bamidbar 17:25 (P), sword, + אֶל of sheath, Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:27; Yechezkel 21:35 (acc. om.); hand אֶל־חֵיק Shemos 4:7^(×2) (J; opp. הוֹצִיא).

= draw back, hand Breishis 38:29 (J), Melachim Alef 13:4 (opp. שָׁלַח; + אֶל reflex.), Yehoshua 8:26 (E; opp. נטה), so fig., י׳ subj. Eicha 2:3 (מִפְּנֵי, אָחוֹר), Tehillim 74:11; c. מִן = refrain from Eicha 2:8; Shemos 18:8, Shemos 18:17 (i.e. from oppressing), Shemos 20:19 (מִן om.); foot, c. מִן Yeshaya 58:13 (fig.); draw in breath Iyov 9:18.

= give back, restore, acc. pers. vel rei: + ל pers. Breishis 20:14 (E), v Breishis 20:7 (E; acc. om.), Shemos 23:4 (E; הָשֵׁב תָּשִׁיב), Devarim 22:1 (id.; both acc. animal.), Devarim 24:13 (id.), Shemos 22:25 (E), Shoftim 17:3^(×2), Shoftim 17:4; Shmuel Alef 12:3; Shmuel Beis 9:7; Devarim 22:2 (P), Nechemia 5:11, so Shmuel Beis 16:3; Melachim Alef 12:21 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:1 (all acc. of kingdom), c. acc. צְדָקָה Iyov 33:26; + אֶל pers. Breishis 37:22 (E; acc. pers.); + אֶל loc. Breishis 42:25 (E); acc. rei only, Melachim Beis 8:6; Yechezkel 18:7 (read Inf. abs. שׁוֹב for חוֹב, Co Toy Krae), Yechezkel 18:12; Yechezkel 33:15; Vayikra 5:23 (P), Bamidbar 5:7 (P; + בְּרֹאשׁוֹ = in full), Tehillim 69:5 (opp. גָּזַל), so of land (or city) Shoftim 11:13; Melachim Alef 20:34; Nechemia 5:12, cf. Melachim Beis 14:28 (+ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל), Melachim Beis 16:6 (+ לַאֲרָם); = win back Melachim Beis 13:25; Melachim Beis 14:22 (+ ל terr.) = Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:2, boundary (i.e. re-establish it) Melachim Beis 14:25; restore ruined city Daniel 9:25 (+ לִבְנוֹת), conquered nation Tehillim 80:4, Tehillim 80:8, Tehillim 80:20; joy, acc. + ל pers. Tehillim 51:14.—Shmuel Beis 8:3 v. יָד 2.—Acc. pers. only, Breishis 20:7 (E), Yeshaya 42:22; restore to office, acc. pers. + עַל Breishis 40:13, Breishis 40:21 (E), אֶל loc. Shmuel Beis 19:12, acc. pers. only, Shmuel Beis 19:11, Shmuel Beis 19:13, Shmuel Beis 19:44, cf. Yeshaya 1:26; = pay back money, Vayikra 25:27 (ל pers.), v Vayikra 25:51, Vayikra 25:52.

= relinquish, c. acc. rei, Iyov 20:10.

= give in payment, requital, c. acc. rei + appos. Shmuel Alef 6:8 (ל pers.), v Shmuel Alef 6:17 (id.; cf. טְחוֹר); also pay as tribute (in answer to demand), acc. rei Melachim Beis 17:3 Tehillim 72:10, + ל pers. Melachim Beis 3:4; Divrei HaYamim Beis 27:5; give in exchange Yechezkel 27:15.

bring one back (from dead) Shmuel Beis 12:23, so c. מִנִּי Iyov 33:30; on other hand, אֶל־עָפָר Iyov 10:9 = מָוֶת (acc.) Iyov 30:23, cf. עַד־דַּכָּא Tehillim 90:3.

bring back heart, לֵב, עַל pers. Malachi 3:24; הֲשִׁיבֵנוּ י׳ אֵלֶיךָ Eicha 5:21 (< Bu restore, del. אליך); הֵשִׁיב אֶל־י׳ Nechemia 9:26 (cf. v Nechemia 9:29), Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:4; Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:19, also (מִן of evil) Yirmiya 23:22, abs. Yirmiya 31:18.

acc. נֶפֶשׁ = refresh Eicha 1:11, Eicha 1:16, Eicha 1:19 Tehillim 19:8 Mishlei 25:13; Rus 4:15.

bring back words of people, אֶל־י׳ Shemos 19:8 (E); then, in gen., bring back word, דָּבָר, report to, + acc. pers. Breishis 37:14; Bamidbar 13:26; Bamidbar 22:8 (all E), Devarim 1:22, Devarim 1:25; Yehoshua 14:7 (R^D), Yehoshua 22:32 (P), + 8 times; = answer Shmuel Alef 17:30; Shmuel Beis 3:11; Melachim Alef 12:6 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 10:6 + 6 times, + (acc. מִלִּין) Iyov 35:4; also (דָּבָר om.) Iyov 13:22; Iyov 20:2; Iyov 33:5, Iyov 33:32; Divrei HaYamim Beis 10:16; Nechemia 6:4 (כַּדָּבָר הַזֶּה); acc. אֲמָרִים + ל pers. Shoftim 5:29; Mishlei 22:21; later c. ל pers. alone Shmuel Alef 12:3; c. cl. orat. recta, אֶל pers. Esther 4:13, Esther 4:15; similar phrases, Yechezkel 9:11; Mishlei 18:13; Mishlei 24:26; Mishlei 26:16; Chavakuk 2:1; Iyov 31:14; Iyov 32:14 (Gi v Iyov 32:15), Iyov 40:4.

bring back (in retribution), cf. Qal 7 f) upon, subj. often י׳, acc. of evil, Shoftim 9:56, בְּרֹאשׁ Shoftim 9:57; Shmuel Alef 25:39; Melachim Alef 2:44; Yoel 4:4, Yoel 4:7, עַל־רֹאשׁ Melachim Alef 2:32, אֶל־רֹאשׁ Nechemia 3:36; ל pers. Breishis 50:15 (E), Shmuel Alef 6:3 (הָשֵׁב תָּשִׁיבוּ), v Shmuel Alef 6:4 Shmuel Alef 25:21 (return evil for good), +, etc.; abs. = make requital, ל pers. Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:23 + (כ comp.) Hoshea 12:3; Mishlei 24:12, Mishlei 24:29; †c. acc. of good, ל pers. Shmuel Alef 26:23; Shmuel Beis 16:12; Zecharia 9:12; c. כ comp. + ל pers. Tehillim 18:21, Tehillim 18:25 = Shmuel Beis 22:21, Shmuel Beis 22:25, and (כ comp. only) Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:25; requite י׳’s benefits, acc. rei + לי׳ Tehillim 116:12, cf. Bamidbar 18:9 (P).

pay as recompense, כֶּסֶף יָשׁ׳ לִבְעָלָיו Shemos 21:34 (E); so (fig.) of י׳, הֵשׁ׳ נָקָם לְ Devarim 32:41, Devarim 32:43, לְהָשׁ׳ בְּחֵמָה אַפּוֹ Yeshaya 66:15.

turn back, backward = repel, defeat, c. אֶת־פְּנֵי Melachim Beis 18:24 = Yeshaya 36:9, acc. מִלְחָמָה Yeshaya 28:6, acc. of sword Tehillim 89:44, acc. pers. + אָחוֹר Tehillim 44:11 (+ מִנִּי pers.), Yeshaya 44:25 (fig., = refute, confute), fig. of calamity Eicha 1:13; = repulse, hinder Yirmiya 2:24, especially acc. Yeshaya 14:27 (יַד־י׳), cf. Yeshaya 43:13, Iyov 9:12; Iyov 11:10; Iyov 23:13; = reject, refuse, (אֶת־)פְּנֵי פ׳ Melachim Alef 2:16, Melachim Alef 2:17, Melachim Alef 2:20^(×2) Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:42 Tehillim 132:10.

turn away face, fig., + מֵעַל rei Yechezkel 14:6; acc. pers. + מִן rei Malachi 2:6; anger of י׳ (acc.) + מֵעַל pers. Bamidbar 25:11 (P), Mishlei 24:18, מִן pers. Yirmiya 18:20 Ezra 10:14; acc. only, Iyov 9:13 Tehillim 78:38; Tehillim 106:23; acc. of human anger Mishlei 15:1; Mishlei 29:8.

late, turn toward, acc. face, ל loc. Daniel 11:18, Daniel 11:19, acc. foot, אֶל rei Tehillim 119:59 (fig.).

turn against, אֶל־אֵל, c. acc. רוּחֶ֑ךָ Iyov 15:13.

לֵב, הֵשׁ׳ אֶל־לֵבָב bring back to mind, take into consideration, c. acc. Eicha 3:21, sq. cl. with כִּ׳ Devarim 4:39 (cf. Dr), obj. om. Devarim 30:1; Melachim Alef 8:47 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:37, Yeshaya 44:19, + (עַל) Yeshaya 46:8.

הֵשִׁיב אֶת־שְׁבוּת פ׳ Yirmiya 32:44; Yirmiya 33:7, Yirmiya 33:11; Yirmiya 49:6; Eicha 2:14; Yechezkel 39:25 + (Qr Hiph., Kt Qal) Yirmiya 33:26; Yirmiya 49:39; Yoel 4:1 (v. Qal 9).

Hiph. declar., הָשׁ׳ מֵעַל Yechezkel 14:6 = shew a turning away from your idols (i.e. turn away), cf. (מִן) Yechezkel 18:30, abs. הָשׁ׳ וִחְיוּ v Yechezkel 18:32; of י׳, השׁ׳ מֵחֲרוֹן אַפֶּ֑ךָ Tehillim 85:4 (but read prob. הֲשִׁיבוֹתָה חֲרוֹן א׳ [6 a supra]); perhaps in physical sense Yonah 1:13 (אֶל loc.; We Now sc. אֳנִיָּה, etc.).

reverse, revoke, acc. (sf.) rei, i.e. judgment, Amos 1:3, Amos 1:6, Amos 1:9, Amos 1:11, Amos 1:13; Amos 2:1, Amos 2:4, Amos 2:6; blessing Bamidbar 23:20 (poem in E), edict Esther 8:5, Esther 8:8.

Pf. 3 ms. הוּשֵׁב Breishis 42:28 my money has been returned! cf. Pt. הַכֶּסֶף הַמּוּשָׁב Breishis 43:12 (both J); הַמּ׳ לי׳ Bamidbar 5:8 (P) the אָשָׁם which is restored to י׳; pl. מוּשָׁבִים Yirmiya 27:16 the vessels are about to be brought back, c. מִן loc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיּוּשַׁב אֶת־מֹשֶׁה Shemos 10:8 (J; cf. Ges^{§ 121 a, b}) Moses was brought back, c. אֶל pers.

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שׁוֹבָב

adj. backturning, recusant, apostate (perhaps for מְשׁוֹבָב, Pt. Pōʿl. Ol^{§ 251 b} Ges^{§ 52 s} Kö^{i. 454});—שׁ׳ Yeshaya 57:17; pl. שׁוּבוּ בָּנִים שׁוֹבָבִים Yirmiya 3:14, Yirmiya 3:22.—שׁובבים Yirmiya 50:6 Kt < Qr שׁוֹבְבוּם 𝔊 Comm., cf. √ Pōʿl.

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שׁוֹבָב²

n.pr.m. Σωβαβ, etc.:

son of David Shmuel Beis 5:14 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 14:4; Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:5.

son of Caleb Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:18.

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שׁוּבָאֵל

v. שְׁבוּאֵל (cf. Sab. n.pr. תֿובאל Os^{ZMG xix (1865), 198 n.} Hal ⁴⁸⁵ DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 16}).

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שׁוֹבַךְ

n.pr.m. Aramaean general, Shmuel Beis 10:16, Shmuel Beis 10:18 (Σωβακ, 𝔊L Σαβεε), = שׁוֹפַךְ Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:16, Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:18 (Σωφαρ, Σαφαθ; A Σωφαχ, Σωβαχ, 𝔊L Σωφακ).

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שׁוֹבָל²

n.pr. v. שׁבל.

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שׁוֹבָק

n.pr. v. שׁבק.

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שָׁוָה

vb. (be even, smooth, v. Pi., hence) agree with, be like, resemble (Arabic سوى ii. make even, flat, uniform (with something else); Aramaic שְׁוָא (der. spec.) be like, ܫܘܳܐ be equal, fit, like, Pa. lay out smoothly, Aph. make plain, fit, worthy);—

Pf. 3 ms. לֹא שׁ׳ לִי Iyov 33:27 (si vera l.) it was not equalled to me, i.e. (v. infra; according to most) not requited (so De Di Da, and Yeshaya 16:6 𝔗); Bu אֵל לֹא שִׁוָּה God did not requite (or שִׁלֵּם for שׁוה); Du לֹא שִׁוָּה כַעֲוֹנִי (cf. 𝔊); Impf. 1 s. of י׳, אֶל־מִי … אֶשְׁוֶה Yeshaya 40:25 to whom shall I be like? (‖ תְּדַמְּיוּנִי), implying that he is incomp.; 3 mpl. לֹא יִשְׁווּ־בָהּ Mishlei 3:15 are not comparable with her (wisdom), so Mishlei 8:11; 2 ms. פֶּן־תִּשְׁוֶה־לוֹ Mishlei 26:4 lest thou be like him (a fool); Pt. שֹׁוֶה בְּ Esther 7:4 is not an equivalent for; c. לְ, suitable for Esther 3:8, so Esther 1:22 Hi Or Ry^Kau (reading כֹּל שֹׁוֶה עִמּוֹ for כִּלְשׁוֹן עַמּוֹ, but v. Siegf.); adequate for Esther 5:13.

Pf. 3 ms. שִׁוָּה Yeshaya 28:25 he hath levelled its (the ground’s) surface; 1 s. שִׁוִּיתִי וְדוֹמַמְתִּי נַפְשִׁי Tehillim 131:2 I have smoothed (composed) and stilled my soul; so, sc. נַפְשִׁי Yeshaya 38:13 𝔙 Ges De al., Houb Lo Che Du al. read שִׁוַּעְתִּי I cried; acc. מִשְׁפָּטִים Tehillim 119:30 accounted suitable, meet (‖ דֶּרֶךְ אֱמוּנָה בָּחָ֑רְתִּי), Hi, cf. Gr v Tehillim 119:128 (v. Qal Esther 3:8); We ins. לְנֶגְדִּי (II. שׁ׳, cf. Tehillim 16:8); Zenner Du אִוִּיתִי.

make like: Impf. 1 s. מָה אַשְׁוֶה־לָךְ Eicha 2:13 (‖ אֲדַמֶּה); 2 mpl. לְמִי תְדַמְּיוּנִי וְתַשְׁווּ Yeshaya 46:5 (cf. Qal Yeshaya 40:25).

(appar.) Pf. 3 fs. נִשְׁתָּ֑וָה (for נִשְׁתְּוָה) Mishlei 27:15 are alike, but read prob. Niph. 3 fs. נִשְׁוָ֑תָה Ges^{§ 75 x} Toy al.—תשׁוה Iyov 30:22 Kt v. II. שׁוא.

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שָׁוֵה

n.[m.] level plain;—in שָׁוֵה קִרְיָתַיִם Breishis 14:5 (v. ק׳ p. 900a; ק׳ appos. according to Ol^{§ 277 c} Lag^{BN 43}; ? read שְׁוֵה); Σαυη.

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שָׁוֵה²

in n.pr.loc. עֵמֶק שׁ׳ Breishis 14:17 (v. ע׳); Σαυη.

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שָׁוָה²

vb.

set, place (Biblical Aramaic Hithpa. 𝔗 שְׁוָא Pa. set, make (often 𝔗 = שׂום, שׁית); Thes al. sub I. שׁ׳, orig. set, place, then set together, compare, < weakened from orig. make even, right, cf. Vulg. Ar. سَوَى ii. make (Wahrm, cf. also Ba^{ES 66}));—Pf. 1 s. שִׁוִּיתִי Tehillim 16:8 I have set י׳ before me (לְנֶגְדִּי); שׁ׳ עֵזֶר עַל Tehillim 89:20 I have placed strength upon a hero, cf. Tehillim 21:6; Pt. מְשַׁוֶּה רַגְלַי כְּ Shmuel Beis 22:34 setting my feet like hinds = Tehillim 18:34 (cf. 𝔗 שַׁזִּי כְּ Breishis 48:20 Yirmiya 29:22, for שׂים כְּ);—Yeshaya 38:13 v. I. שׁוה;—Impf. = make, produce, 3 ms. פְּרִי יְשַׁוֶּה לוֹ Hoshea 10:1 (Israel as vine), si vera l., v. We Now (‖ עשׂה פְּרִי Hoshea 9:16, cf. Hoshea 8:7).

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שׁוּחַ

vb. sink down (Buhl disting. this as II. שׁ׳ (Arabic وَاخَ (و) sink down, MI ^{9. 23} אשוח prob. depression, excavation, reservoir, so אשיח Ecclus Ben Sira 50:3), and hence שָׁ֫חָה Mishlei 2:18, si vera l., and foll. deriv., from I. שׁ׳ melt away (Arabic ساح (ى) flow and spread, melt away, Ethiopic ሴሐ: I. 2 cause to dwindle, ሲሕ: phthisis, Aramaic שׁוּחַ, ܫܳܚ flow or melt away, vanish), whence Eicha 3:20 Tehillim 44:26; but insuff. evidence for I. שׁ׳ in Heb.);—sink down,

Pf. 3 fs. שָׁ֫חָה לֶעָפָר נַפְשֵׁנוּ Tehillim 44:26 (‖ דָּֽבְקָה לָאָרֶץ); שׁ׳ אֶל־מָוֶת בֵּיתָהּ Mishlei 2:18 (‖ אֶל־רְפָאִים; but ב׳ masc., read שָׁחָה, √ שׁחה, Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 82}, so Toy); Impf. 3 fs. תָּשׁוּחַ עָלַי נַפְשִׁי Eicha 3:26 Qr,

declar. תָּשִׁיחַ Kt, of depression of mind.—Tehillim 49:15 Gr reads שָׁחוּ for MT שַׁתּוּ but v. שׁתת.—

Tehillim 42, Tehillim 43 v. שׁחח.

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שׁוּחָה

n.f. pit;—abs. שׁ׳ Yirmiya 2:6 land of steppe and pits (coll.); fig., כָּרָה שׁ׳ לִי Yirmiya 18:20, so v Yirmiya 18:22 (Qr); עֲמֻקָּה Mishlei 23:27 deep pit (in fig. of harlot), cf. Mishlei 22:14.

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שִׁיחָה

n.f.id.;—כרה שׁ׳ Yirmiya 18:22 Kt (Qr שׁוּחָה), Tehillim 57:7; pl. כ׳ שִׁיחוֹת Tehillim 119:85.

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שַׁ֫חַת

n.f. pit;—abs. שׁ׳ Tehillim 7:16 +; שָׁ֑חַת Tehillim 16:10 +; cstr. שַׁ֫חַת Yeshaya 38:17 Tehillim 35:7; sf. שַׁחְתָּם Yechezkel 19:4, Yechezkel 19:8 (+ שַׁחְתֹּה Tehillim 35:8 We);—

pit, for catching lion (in fig.) Yechezkel 19:4, Yechezkel 19:8; fig. פעל שׁ׳ Tehillim 7:16; c. עשׂה Tehillim 9:16; c. חפר Tehillim 35:7 (transp. שׁ׳ to v b); c. כרה Tehillim 94:13 Mishlei 26:27; + Tehillim 35:8 𝔖 We (for שׁוֹאָה); טָבַל בּשׁ׳ Iyov 9:31.

pit of Sh^e’ôl, ירד שׁ׳ Iyov 33:24; ראה (ה)שׁ׳ Tehillim 16:10 (‖ שְׁאוֹל), Tehillim 49:10; לשׁ׳, c. הוֹרִיד Yechezkel 28:8, and Tehillim 55:24 (לִבְאֵר שׁ׳); קָרֵב Iyov 33:22; יָמוּת Yeshaya 51:14; עָבַר בַּשּׁ׳ Iyov 33:28; יָרַד אֶל־שׁ׳ Tehillim 30:10; מִשּׁ׳, c. חשׁק Yeshaya 38:17 (poem), c. חְשׂךְ Iyov 33:18 (מִנִּי־); c. העלה Yonah 2:7; c. הֵשִׁיב Iyov 33:30 (מִנִּי־); c. גאל Tehillim 103:4; personif. Iyov 17:14 (‖ רִמָּה).—שׁ׳ here either = שְׁאוֹל (hollow place, cavern), or < = pit in שְׁאוֹל (cf., from Ezek. on, בּוֹר 5; also אֲבַדּוֹן, p. 2, and עִמְקֵי שְׁאוֹל Mishlei 9:18. This distinction of two parts of שְׁאוֹל became important in Jewish and Christian theology).

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שׁוּחַ²

n.pr.m. son of Abr. and Ḳeturah, Breishis 25:2 Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:32; Σωυε, Σωε, Σουε.—In Assyrian Šuḫi is named as Aramaean land on Euphr. (left bank Tiele^{Gesch. 153} < right bank, cf. especially Schr^{KG 142 f.}; it had, however, dependencies on left bank) by TP I. (KB ^{i. 33}), Ašurnaṣirp. (id. ^{ib. 99, 101}).

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שׁוּחָה²

n.pr. ‘son’ of חוּר, Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:11 (Ασχα, Σουα), = חוּשָׁה v Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:4 (Ωσαν, Ουσα), v. ח׳.

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שׁוּט

vb. go or rove about (NH Aramaic שׁוּט rove, row (Yonah 1:13), swim (Yeshaya 25:11), stroke, besmear; v. also שׁוֹט);—

go or rove about: Pf. 3 pl., abs. שָׁטוּ הָעָם Bamidbar 11:8 (J; gathering manna), so, c. ב loc., Impf. 3 mpl. וַיָּשֻׁטוּ Shmuel Beis 24:8, Imv. ms. שׁוּט־נָא v Shmuel Beis 24:2, Inf. cstr. שׁוּט Iyov 1:7, שֻׁט Iyov 2:2 (both ‖ הִתְהַלֵּךְ), perhaps also Breishis 24:63 (לָשׁוּט for לָשׂוּחַ, so 𝔖 Thes ¹³²² cf. Di Gunk Dr); Yirmiya 8:6 Du reads שָׁט for שָׁב.—Pt. שָׁטִים v. שׁוּט denom. infr. Pōʿl. go eagerly, quickly, to and fro: Impf. 3 ms. יְשׁוֹטְטוּ לְבַקֵּשׁ Amos 8:12 (‖ וְנָעוּ); abs. יְשֹׁטְטוּ Daniel 12:4; c. ב loc., Imv. mpl. שׁוֹטְטוּ Yirmiya 5:1, Pt. pl. מְשׁוֹטְטִים Zecharia 4:10, מְשֹׁטְטוֹת Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:9 (both of עֵינֵי י׳). Hithpōʿl. Imv. fpl., ב loc., הִתְשׁוֹטַטְנָה Yirmiya 49:3 run to and fro.

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שׁוֹט

n.m. ^{Yeshaya 28:15} scourge, whip (NH id., so Arabic سَوْطٌ, سَاطَ (و) mix, stir about and beat; Ethiopic ሰውጥ: Aramaic שׁוֹטָא, ܫܰܘܛܳܐ; from foregoing? cf. Germ. streifen; or onomat., cf. swish, switch?);—שׁ׳ abs. Yeshaya 10:26 +, cstr. Iyov 5:21; pl. שׁוֹטִים Melachim Alef 12:11 +;—

scourge, for chastisement, Melachim Alef 12:11, Melachim Alef 12:14 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 10:11, Divrei HaYamim Beis 10:12 (all c. vb. יִסַּר); fig. of national scourge (wielded by י׳) Yeshaya 10:26; Yeshaya 28:15 (Qr; > Kt שׁיט), v Yeshaya 28:18 (both שׁ׳ שׁוֹטֵף, v. שׁטף), calamity Iyov 9:23; lash of (accusing) tongue Iyov 5:21 (read מִשּׁ׳ as 𝔊).

whip, for horse, קוֹל שׁ׳ Nachum 3:2 i.e. crack of whip, שׁ׳ לַסּוּס Mishlei 26:3 (‖ שֵׁבֶט לְגֵו כְּסִילִים).

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שַׁ֫יִט

n.[m.] rowing (as whipping, lashing the water);—only אֳנִי־שׁ׳ Yeshaya 33:21 rowing vessel;—Yeshaya 28:15 Kt v. שׁוֹט.

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שׁוּט²

vb.denom. row;—Pt. pl. שָׁטִים rowers Yechezkel 27:8, Yechezkel 27:26 (of Tyre as ship).

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שׁוּט³

vb. treat with despite, only Ezek. (Aramaic שׁוּט, ܫܳܛ despise; cf. perhaps Assyrian šâṭu, rebel, Meissn);—only

Pt., c. acc. pers.: mpl. (subst.) הַשָּׁאטִים אוֹתָם Yechezkel 28:24, Yechezkel 28:26 (Kö^{ii. 1, 108, 346} Ges^{§ 72 p}); fpl. בְּנוֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּים הַשָּׁאטוֹת אוֹתָךְ Yechezkel 16:57 (Kö^{ib. 189}).

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שׁוֹלָל

v. שׁלל.

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שׁוּנִי

n.pr.m. in Gad, Breishis 46:16 Bamidbar 26:15; Σαυν(ε)ις, Σουνει, Σωυνι.

adj.gent. of 1, c. art. = n. coll. Bamidbar 26:15.

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שׁוּנֵם

n.pr.loc. in Issachar;—Yehoshua 19:18 (P), Shmuel Alef 28:4 Melachim Beis 4:8; Σουναν[μ], Σωμαν, Σουμαν, 𝔊L Jos Συνημ; in Egyptian Ša-n-m-â, Ša-na-mḁ WMM^{As. u. Eur. 170}; mod. Sûlem, N. of Zerʿîn (Jezreel), Buhl^{G. 217}, cf. GASm^{G 400 ff.}.

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שָׁוַע

vb.

cry out for help (Gerb ³³ thinks denom. from שַׁוְעָה, and this from √ akin to ישׁע deliver);—Pf. 1 s. שִׁוַּעְתִּי Tehillim 30:3 + 3 times; Impf. 3 fs. תְּשַׁוֵּ֑עַ Iyov 24:12; 2 ms. תְּשַׁוַּע Yeshaya 58:9, etc.; Inf. cstr. sf. שַׁוְּעִי Tehillim 28:2; Tehillim 31:23; שַׁוְעִי Tehillim 5:3 (Ol^{§ 182 d}), etc.; Pt. מְשַׁוֵּ֑עַ Tehillim 72:12 Iyov 29:12;—cry for help: abs. Tehillim 72:12 Iyov 19:7; Iyov 24:12; Iyov 29:12; Iyov 30:28; Iyov 35:9, + Yeshaya 38:13 Houb Lo Che Du al. (for שִׁוִּיתִי); specif. to God Tehillim 5:3; Tehillim 18:42; Tehillim 119:147; Iyov 36:13; Yeshaya 58:9; Yonah 2:3; Chavakuk 1:2; Eicha 3:8; c. אל Tehillim 18:7; Tehillim 22:25; Tehillim 28:2 = Tehillim 31:23, Tehillim 30:3; Tehillim 88:14 + v Tehillim 88:2 (read with Weir אֱלֹהַי שִׁוַּעְתִּי יוֹם צַעֲקָתִי), Iyov 30:20; Iyov 38:41.

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שׁוּעַ³

[שֵׁוַע?] n.m. cry for help; לָהֶן שׁ׳ Iyov 30:24 (Bi Di Bu Du לֹא יְשַׁוֵּ֑עַ); שׁוּעֲךָ Iyov 36:19 (Bu Buhl שַׁוְעֲךָ, Du שִׂיחֲךָ).—i. שׁוּעַ v. p. 447b.

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שׁוֹעַ²

n.[m.] cry, perhaps war-cry, or cry for help in war Yeshaya 22:5.—i. שׁוֹעַ v. ישׁע.

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שׁוֹעַ³

i. ii. שׁוּעַ, שׁוּעָא v. p. 447^b supra.

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שׁוֹעַ⁴

n.pr.gent. Yechezkel 23:23 usually identified with Assyrian Sutû, Sutî, nomads of Mesop. and (later) E. of Tigris, Dl^{Pa 234 ff.} COT^{ad loc.} Wkl^{KAT.3. 22} Dr^{Hast.DB Koa}.

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שׁוֹפַךְ

v. שׁוֹבַךְ.

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שׁוֹק

n.[f. Vayikra 7:33 cf. Albr^{ZAW xvl (1896), 76 f.}, so Arabic, v. Lane W^{AG, § 290 (δ)}] leg;—שׁ׳ abs. Shmuel Alef 9:24 +, cstr. Shemos 29:27 +; du. שֹׁקַיִם Devarim 28:35; Mishlei 26:7, cstr. שׁוֹקֵי Tehillim 147:10, sf. שׁוֹקָיו Shir HaShirim 5:15;—leg:

of man, specif. lower leg, calf, disting. from thigh, in וַיַּךְ אוֹתָם שׁ׳ עַל־יָרֵךְ Shoftim 15:8 he smote them, leg upon thigh, i.e. utterly (cf. GFM), Devarim 28:35 (‖ בִּרְכַּיִם), Mishlei 26:7 Tehillim 147:10; Shir HaShirim 5:15; of woman (city personif.) Yeshaya 47:2.

of sacrificial animal, specif. upper leg, thigh, hind leg, portion eaten Shmuel Alef 9:24 (cf. Klein^{ZPV vl (1883), 98}, cited also by Nes^{Marg. 13}), שׁ׳ הַיָּמִין right thigh Shemos 29:32 + 6 times P (v. יָמִין), שׁ׳ הַתְּרוּמָה Vayikra 7:34 + 4 times P, thigh of contribution (v. ת׳ p. 929).—𝔊 βραχίων, 𝔙 armus, hence AV al. shoulder, but v. Di Baen Dr Devarim 18:3.

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שׁוּר

vb. perhaps travel, journey (Assyrian šâru, pass along, take one’s way, Arabic سَارَ (ى) go, pass along, journey, سَيَّارَةٌ caravan, Palm. שירתא Lzb ³⁷⁵ SAC¹¹³ Cooke²⁷¹, Syriac ܫܝܳܪܬܳܐ (? Arabic loan-wd., Frä ¹⁸⁰));—

Impf. 2 fs. וַתָּשֻׁרִי לַמֶּלֶךְ בַּשֶּׁמֶן Yeshaya 57:9 and thou (the apostate faction) didst journey to (the god) Melek with (thine) oil, i.e. bring, offer it (Che Marti read וַתָּסֻכִי). Pt. fpl. שָׁרוֹתַיִךְ Yechezkel 27:25 ships of Tarshish were thy travellers (i.e. traders), but improbable; Krae שָׁרוֹת לָךְ בְּ journey for thee with thy wares; Toy רֹכְלַיִךְ בְּ; Co שֵֽׁרְתוּךְ served thee.

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שׁוּר²

vb. behold, regard (especially Jb);—

Impf. 3 ms. יָשׁוּר Yirmiya 5:26, sf. יְשׁוּרֶנּוּ Iyov 34:29, etc.; Imv. ms. שׁוּר Iyov 35:5;—

behold, c. acc. pers. Bamidbar 23:9; Bamidbar 24:17 (poems in JE, ‖ רָאָה), לֹא תְּשׁוּרֵנִי, subj. eye, Iyov 24:15, and (= I shall not exist) Iyov 7:8, cf. Iyov 20:9 (subj. מְקוֹמוֹ), Iyov 17:15; God object Iyov 34:29; Iyov 35:14; look, gaze, abs., מִן loc. Shir HaShirim 4:8.

regard with watchful care (subj. י׳) Hoshea 14:9; so, = notice, Iyov 35:13; regard, observe, acc. rei, God’s word Iyov 33:14 (Hi De Da al.), so, (reading 2 ms.), Siegf Bu; Du יְשִׁיבֶנָּה he (God) retracts it not.

watch stealthily, lie in wait, כְּנָמֵר עַל־דֶּרֶךְ אָשׁוּר Hoshea 13:7 (subj. י׳; Meinh Marti אֶשְׁקֹד; 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 We Now al. אַשּׁוּר), Yirmiya 5:26 (subj. wicked).—Iyov 33:27 v. שׁיר.

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שׁוּר³

dub. word, only pl. sf. וַתַּבֵּט עֵינִי בְּשׁוּרָ֑י Tehillim 92:12, read בְּשׁוֹרְרָ֑י (Bae al.) v. foll.

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שׁוֹרֵר

n.m. (insidious) watcher, (proposes Pōʿl. Pt., מְ׳ om., Ges^{§ 52 s});—pl. sf. שׁוֹרְרַי Tehillim 56:3, שׁוֹרְרָ֑י Tehillim 5:9; Tehillim 27:11, שֹׁרְרָ֑י Tehillim 54:7; Tehillim 59:11; Tehillim 92:12 v. foregoing.

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שׁוֹר

n.m. Nechemia 5:18 a head of cattle, bullock, ox, etc. (often + חֲמוֹר, שֶׂה, etc.);—שׁ׳ abs. Yeshaya 1:3 +, cstr. Shemos 21:35 +, sf. שׁוֹרוֹ Shemos 20:14 +, etc.; pl. שְׁוָרִים Hoshea 12:12;—usually a single head of cattle, without emphasis on sex (opp. בָּקָר coll. Shemos 21:37; Bamidbar 7:3): as property, spoil of war, etc. Shemos 20:14 (E; Gi v Shemos 20:13) = Devarim 5:17, cf. Devarim 5:14; Shemos 21:33 (E) ‖ Devarim 22:4; Shemos 21:37^(×2) (‖ בָּקָר of five head), Shemos 22:3, Shemos 22:8, Shemos 22:9, Shemos 22:29; Shemos 23:12 (all E), Devarim 22:1; Breishis 49:6 (poem in J), Devarim 28:31; Shoftim 6:4; Shmuel Alef 12:3; Iyov 24:3; as licking up (לָחַךְ) grass Bamidbar 22:4 (J), feeding Tehillim 106:20 (in ref. to golden calf), cf. Yeshaya 7:25; Yeshaya 32:20; lowing Iyov 6:5; as intelligent Yeshaya 1:3, vicious (goring נָגַח) Shemos 21:28^(×3) + 11 times Shemos 21 (E); used in ploughing Devarim 22:10, threshing Devarim 25:4, cf. Mishlei 14:4; drawing wagon Bamidbar 7:3 (P; opp. בָּקָר coll.); פְּנֵי שׁ׳ Yechezkel 1:10; specif. of male †Iyov 21:10 (opp. פָּרָה), of female †Vayikra 22:28 (H), perhaps also Bamidbar 18:17 (P), appar. generic Devarim 15:19; Devarim 33:17 (poem, fig.); rarely coll. Breishis 32:6 (+ צֹאן), Shemos 34:19—cf. Vayikra 27:26 (P)—Yehoshua 6:21; Yehoshua 7:24 (all J), Shmuel Alef 15:3; Shmuel Alef 22:19; †as slaughtered Mishlei 7:22, for food Shmuel Alef 14:34^(×2) (but v b read (אֶת־)אֲשֶׁר with 𝔊 Th We Dr al.), Melachim Alef 1:19, Melachim Alef 1:25; Devarim 14:4; Vayikra 17:3 (H), cf. Nechemia 5:18 (שׁ׳ אֶחָר), Mishlei 15:17; for †sacrifice Shoftim 6:25 (פַּר־הַשּׁ׳, text strange, cf. GFM), Tehillim 69:32 (שׁוֹר פָּר, but join פָּר to v b Bae), Shmuel Beis 6:13; Hoshea 12:12; Vayikra 9:4, Vayikra 9:18 (P), Vayikra 22:23, Vayikra 22:27 (H), Bamidbar 15:11 (P), Devarim 17:1; Devarim 18:3, cf. Vayikra 7:23; Vayikra 9:19; מִשּׁוֹר זֶבַח Vayikra 4:10 (P); illicit sacrifice Yeshaya 66:3.

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שׁוּר⁴

n.[m.] wall (Aramaic שׁוּרָא, ܫܽܘܪܳܐ );—Breishis 49:22 (poem in J), Shmuel Beis 22:30 = Tehillim 18:30; pl. sf. שׁוּרֹתָם Iyov 24:11 their walls De Di De, cf. Bu; but v. שׁוּרָה infra; שָׁרוֹתֶיהָ Yirmiya 5:10 = its walls, according to Vrss AV RV Gf Gie, read then שֻׁ׳, but v. id.

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שׁוּר⁵

n.pr.loc. SW. of Palestine, on E. border of Egypt;—Breishis 16:7 (J; דֶּרֶךְ שׁ׳), Breishis 20:1 (E), towards Egypt Breishis 25:18 (J), Shmuel Alef 15:7, שׁ֫וּרָה Shmuel Alef 27:8; מִדְבַּר־שׁ׳ Shemos 15:22 (J).—Often supposed to denote properly the ‘wall’ or line of fortresses, built by Egyptian Kings across isthmus of Suez; but dub.: cf. Dr^{Hast.DB Shur}.

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שׁוּרָה

n.f. prob. row of olives or vines (so Du Buhl al.; cf. NH שׁוּרָה, JAram. שׁוּרְתָא row, whence mod. Arabic شورة as loan-word, cf. Vogelst^{Landwirthschaft 41 f.});—pl. sf. שׁוּרֹתָם Iyov 24:11 (al. ii. שׁוּר); Bu and Du del. sf.; here also Yirmiya 5:10 (reading שֻׁ׳) Du Buhl Dr, her (vine-)rows, but v. ii. שׁוּר.

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שׁוּשַׁן

n.m. שׁוֹשַׁנָּה n.f. usually lily, prob. any lily-like flower (Tristr^{NHB 462 ff.} Post^{Hast. DB Lily} Löw^{No. 323}; NH שׁוֹשַׁנָּה, Arabic سَوْسَنٌ (Vulg. سُوسَنٌ), especially iris, Aramaic שׁוּשַׁנְתָּא, ܫܽܘܫܰܢܬܳܐ (PS ⁴³⁴⁴), Gk. σοῦσον Lewy^{Fremdw. 48}; orig. loan-word from Egyptian sššn, šôšĕn, Erman^{ZMG xlvi (1892), 117});—lily: in sim., יִפְרַח כַּשּׁוֹשַׁנָּה Hoshea 14:6 (of Isr.), כְּשׁוֹ׳ בֵּין הַחוֹחִים Shir HaShirim 2:2 (sim. of bride), so cstr. שׁוֹשַׁנַּת הָעֲמָקִים v Shir HaShirim 2:1 (cf. חֲבַצֶּלֶת); pl. שׁוֹשַׁנִּים Shir HaShirim 2:16; Shir HaShirim 4:5; Shir HaShirim 6:2, Shir HaShirim 6:3; Shir HaShirim 7:3 and (fig. of lover’s lips) Shir HaShirim 5:13; of flower-shaped capitals of pillars, מַעֲשֵׂה שׁוּשַׁן Melachim Alef 7:19, מ׳ שׁוֹשָׁ֑ן v Melachim Alef 7:22; cf. פֶּרַח שׁוֹשָׁ֑ן of brim of molten sea v Melachim Alef 7:26, ‖ פ׳ שׁוֹשַׁנָּה Divrei HaYamim Beis 4:5; elsewhere only ψ-titles: עַל־שֹׁשַׁנִּים Tehillim 45:1; Tehillim 69:1, עַל־שׁוּשַׁן עֵדוּת Tehillim 60:1, אֶל־שֹׁשַׁנִּים עֵדוּת Tehillim 80:1; meaning not clear, v. Bae et Comm. al.; yet cf. עֵדוּת, sub עוד.

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שׁוּשַׁן²

n.pr.loc. Susa, winter residence of Persian kings; Σουσαν, ἐν Σουσοις (cuneif. Šûšan Dl^{Pa 326} COT Nechemia 1:1 Billerbeck ^Susa Say^{Hast. DB Shushan});—שׁ׳ הַבִּירָה Nechemia 1:1 (9th month, כִּסְלֵו), Daniel 8:2 (in Elam), Esther 1:2, Esther 1:5; Esther 2:3, Esther 2:5, Esther 2:8; Esther 3:15; Esther 8:14; Esther 9:6, Esther 9:11, Esther 9:12 (12th month, אֲדָר, v Esther 9:1); הַבּ׳ om., שׁוּשָׁ֑ן Esther 4:8, Esther 4:16 and (month אֲדָר) Esther 9:13, Esther 9:14, Esther 9:15^(×2), Esther 9:18; הָעִיר שׁ׳ Esther 3:15; Esther 8:15.

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שׁוּשַׁק

n.pr.m. Melachim Alef 14:25 Kt, Qr שִׁישַׁק q.v.

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שׁוּתֶ֫לַח

n.pr.m. in Ephraim, Bamidbar 26:35; Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:21, שׁוּתָ֑לַח v Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:20; Bamidbar 26:36; Σουταλα, Σωθαλα, etc., 𝔊L Σουθαλα(αμ).

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שֹׁ֫חַד

n.m. present, specif. bribe;—שׁ׳ abs. Yeshaya 1:23 + 22 times;—bribe, usually to pervert justice, obj. of לָקַח Shemos 23:8 (E), = Devarim 16:19; Devarim 10:17; Shmuel Alef 8:3; Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:7 Tehillim 15:5; Mishlei 17:23; + inf., take bribe to do something, Devarim 27:25; Yechezkel 22:12; אָהַב שׁ׳ Yeshaya 1:23; cf. also Yeshaya 5:23; Yeshaya 33:15 Shemos 23:8 (E) = Devarim 16:19, Micha 3:11 Tehillim 26:10; Mishlei 17:8; Mishlei 21:14; אָהֳלֵי־שׁ׳ Iyov 15:34, i.e. abode of bribe-givers; שׁ׳ Mishlei 6:35 (‖ כֹּפֶר) is hush-money, or (poss.) legal compensation (cf. Toy); שׁ׳ elsewhere (c. שָׁלַח) of bribing king to take sides Melachim Alef 15:19; Melachim Beis 16:8, cf. Yeshaya 45:13 (‖ מְחִיר).

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שָׁחָה

vb. bow down (NH id.; J Aram. שְׁחִי (rare); akin to שׁוח, שׁחח);—

Imv. fs. שְׁחִי Yeshaya 51:23 bow down.

Impf. 3 ms. sf. יַשְׁחֶ֑נָּה Mishlei 12:25, fig., anxiety depresses it (sc. לֵב; opp. שִׂמֵּחַ). Hithpaʿlēl₁₇₀ (Ges^{§ 75 kk}) Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה Yechezkel 46:2; 2 ms. הִשְׁתַּחֲוִ֫יתָ Devarim 4:19 + 3 times; 1 s. הִשְׁתַּחֲוֵ֫יתִי Shmuel Alef 16:4 + 2 times; 3 mpl. הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ Yirmiya 8:2, etc.; Impf. יִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה Shmuel Beis 15:32 + 3 times; apoc. יִשְׁתַּ֫חוּ Yeshaya 44:17 +; 3 mpl. יִשְׁתַּחֲווּ Breishis 49:8 +; 2 fpl. תִּשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֫יןָ Breishis 33:6; Breishis 37:7, etc.; Imv. fs. הִשְׁתַּחֲוִי Tehillim 45:12; mpl. הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ Tehillim 29:2 +; Inf. cstr. הִשְׁתַּחֲוֹת Breishis 37:10 +; sf. הִשְׁתַּחֲוָיָ֙תִי֙ Melachim Beis 5:18 (but 𝔊 𝔙 and mod. -חֲוֹתוֹ); Pt. מִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה Melachim Beis 19:37, etc.; מִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתֶם Yechezkel 8:16, read -וִים all mod.;—

bow down, prostrate oneself, before a monarch or superior, in homage, etc.:

c. ל, after descriptive cl. (especially with קדד, נפל 3 b, q.v.), Shmuel Alef 24:9; Breishis 43:28 (J) Shmuel Beis 14:4, Shmuel Beis 14:22; Rus 2:10; Melachim Alef 1:31; Melachim Beis 4:37 + 6 times, + (after כָּרַע) Esther 3:2^(×2), Esther 3:5.

c. ל, sq. phr. (לפני) על אפים ארצה Shmuel Beis 14:33 Melachim Alef 1:23; לאפים Breishis 48:12 (E) Shmuel Beis 18:28; אפים Breishis 42:6 (E) + 4 times; om. אפים Breishis 33:3 (J) + 3 times; עַל כַּפּוֹת רַגְלַיִךְ Yeshaya 60:14.

c. לְ pers. only, Breishis 23:7 (P) Breishis 27:29^(×2); Breishis 37:9 (E), Breishis 49:8 Shemos 11:8 (J) + 8 times; c. לפני Breishis 23:12 (P); c. אל Yeshaya 45:14 (‖ התפלּל); abs. Breishis 33:6, Breishis 33:7^(×2) (J), Shemos 18:7 (E) Shmuel Beis 9:8; Shmuel Beis 16:4; Yeshaya 49:7.

before God, in worship, etc.:

c. לְ, after descriptive phr.: קדד ארצה Shemos 34:8 (J); ארצה om. Breishis 24:26, Breishis 24:48 (J) + 4 times; כרע אפים ארצה Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:3; כרע Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:29; נפל ארצה Iyov 1:20; נפל לפני Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:18.

sq. phr.: קדד וישׁ׳ ל׳ אפים ארצה Nechemia 8:6; ארצה ל׳ Breishis 24:52 (J); השׁ׳ ונכרעה Tehillim 95:6; השׁ׳ ל׳ בְּהַדְרַת קֹדֶשׁ Tehillim 29:2; Tehillim 96:9 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:29; אֶל־הֵיכָל (looking towards) Tehillim 5:8; Tehillim 138:2; לַהֲדֹם רגלים Tehillim 99:5; Tehillim 132:7.

c. לְ only: Shmuel Alef 1:28 (but read וַתַּנִּחֵהוּ 𝔊L and mod.), Shmuel Alef 15:25; Yirmiya 7:2 Tehillim 66:4 + 9 times; c. לפני Devarim 26:10; Yeshaya 66:23 + 4 times; c. בְ loc. Yeshaya 27:13; c. לְ loc. Tehillim 99:9; abs. Breishis 22:5 (E) Shoftim 7:15 + 5 times; acc. loc. Shemos 33:10 (E) Yirmiya 26:2 Yechezkel 46:3; לפני (ה)מזבח Yeshaya 36:7 = Melachim Beis 18:22 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:12; c. על loc. Breishis 47:31 (J) Melachim Alef 1:47 Yechezkel 46:2; מֵרָחֹק afar off Shemos 24:1 (E).

before angel in theoph.: after cl. c. נפל, קדד, Yehoshua 5:14; Bamidbar 22:31; sq. אפים ארצה Breishis 19:1; ארצה Breishis 18:2 (all J).

before other gods: abs. Yeshaya 2:20; Yeshaya 44:15, Yeshaya 44:17; Yeshaya 46:6; acc. loc. Melachim Beis 5:18^(×3); Melachim Beis 19:37 = Yeshaya 37:38; c. לְ, Shemos 20:5 = Devarim 5:9 (10 words), Shemos 23:24 (E), Bamidbar 25:2 (J), Yehoshua 23:7 (D), Devarim 8:19; Devarim 11:16; Melachim Alef 16:31 + 34 times; c. על, Vayikra 26:1 (H); לפני Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:14 (‖ קטּר).

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שָׁחַח

vb. bow, be bowed down, crouch (NH id.; TelAm. šaḫâḫu (Wkl^{TelAm. Vocab.}), prostrate oneself, prob. Canaanism; Assyrian šaḫâḫu is oppress, torment);—

Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְשַׁח Yeshaya 2:11, Yeshaya 2:17, 1 s. שַׁח֫וֹתִי Tehillim 38:7, שַׁחֹ֫תִי Tehillim 35:14, 3 pl. שָֽׁתֲחוּ Iyov 9:13, שַׁחוּ Chavakuk 3:6; Mishlei 14:19; Impf. 3 ms. יָשֹׁחַ Tehillim 10:10, 3 mpl. יָשֹׁ֫חוּ Iyov 38:40, וַיָּשֹׁ֫חוּ Tehillim 107:39; Inf. cstr. (= abs., as adv., Ges^{§ 118 q} Kö^{ii. 2, §§ 221, 402 d} cf. also Ba^{NB 164}) שְׁחוֹח Yeshaya 60:14;—

be bowed down, prostrated, humbled, by י׳, Yeshaya 2:11, Yeshaya 2:17 (both ‖ שָׁפֵל), Chavakuk 3:6 (of hills), Iyov 9:13 (תַּחְתָּו שׁ׳), Tehillim 107:39 (+ מָעַט); by man Tehillim 10:10.

bow in homage, לִפְנֵי pers. Mishlei 14:19; וְהָֽלְכוּ אֵלַיִךְ שְׁחוֹחַ Yeshaya 60:14 (‖ הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ).

bow, of mourner (קֹדֵר), Tehillim 35:14; Tehillim 38:7.

crouch, of wild beast in lair Iyov 38:40.

Impf. be prostrated, humbled: וַיִּשַּׁח אָדָם Yeshaya 2:9 (‖ שָׁפֵל) = Yeshaya 5:15 (‖ id.); be reduced, weakened, יִשַּׁ֫חוּ כָּל־בְּנוֹת הַשִּׁיר Koheles 12:4; = proceed humbly, of words מֵעָפָר Yeshaya 29:4 (‖ שָׁפֵל).

prostrate, lay low, city, walls, etc.; Pf. 3 ms. הֵשַׁח Yeshaya 25:12; Yeshaya 26:5 (both ‖ הִשְׁפִּיל). Hithpōʿ. be cast down, despairing: Impf. 3 fs. תִּשְׁתּוֹחָ֑ח Tehillim 42:7, 2 fs. תִּשְׁתּוֹחֲחִי v Tehillim 42:6, Tehillim 42:12; Tehillim 43:5 (all c. subj. נַפְשִׁי).

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שָׁחַט

vb. slaughter, beat (orig. beat, flay? cf. Assyrian šaḫâṭu, flay, take off dress; Arabic سَحَطَ slay (but ح = ḫ; is this loan-word in Arabic?); NH = BH, especially in ritual);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Yirmiya 39:6 +, sf. וּשְׁחָטוֹ consec. Vayikra 3:2, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁחַט Vayikra 4:24 +, 2 fs. וַתִּשְׁחֲטִי Yechezkel 16:21, 3 mpl. sf. וַיִּשְׁחָט֫וּהוּ Shoftim 12:6; Imv. mpl. שַׁחֲטוּ Shemos 12:21; Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:6; Inf. abs. שָׁחֹט Yeshaya 22:13; cstr. לִשְׁחֹט Breishis 22:10, -וֹט Yechezkel 40:39, sf. שַׁחֲטָם (Ges^{§ 64 a}) Yechezkel 23:39; Pt. act. שׁוֹחֵט Yeshaya 66:3, etc.; pass. שָׁחוּט Melachim Alef 10:16 +, etc.;—slaughter:

beast for food Shmuel Alef 14:32, Shmuel Alef 14:34^(×2); Yeshaya 22:13 (‖ הָרַג), cf. Vayikra 17:3^(×2), for blood Breishis 37:31 (E).

us. (51 times; Hex chiefly P, 38 times) term. techn. of killing sacrifice (BJacob^{ZAW xvii (1897), 51}), Shmuel Alef 1:25; Shemos 29:11; Shemos 34:25 (J), Vayikra 1:5, Vayikra 1:11; Vayikra 4:24; Vayikra 9:8; Bamidbar 19:3; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:22^(×2), Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:24 +; abs. Yechezkel 40:41 (אֶל loc.); bird Vayikra 14:5, Vayikra 14:6, Vayikra 14:50, Vayikra 14:51; beast in illicit sacrifice Yeshaya 66:3; c. acc. of sacrifice (עוֹלָה, אָשָׁם, חַטָּאת, etc.) Yechezkel 40:39 (אֶל loc.), v Yechezkel 40:42; Yechezkel 44:11; Vayikra 4:24; Vayikra 7:2; Vayikra 14:13 +; passover lamb †Shemos 12:6, acc. הַפֶּסַח †v Shemos 12:21; Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:15; Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:1, Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:6, Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:11; Ezra 6:20.

slaughter pers. Shoftim 12:6 Melachim Alef 18:40; Melachim Beis 10:7, Melachim Beis 10:14 (אֶל loc.), Melachim Beis 25:7 = Yirmiya 39:6 = Yirmiya 52:10; Yirmiya 39:6 = Yirmiya 52:10; Yirmiya 41:7; י׳ subj. Bamidbar 14:16 (JE); in human sacrifice Breishis 22:10 (E), to false gods Yechezkel 16:21; Yechezkel 23:39; Yeshaya 57:5.

pt. pass. = beaten, hammered, זָהָב שָׁחוּט Melachim Alef 10:16, Melachim Alef 10:17 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:15, Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:16, of shekels Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:15; so also Yirmiya 9:7 Qr חֵץ שָׁחוּט (> Kt שׁוֹחֵט) hammered (i.e. sharpened) arrow.

Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁחֵט Bamidbar 11:22 (J) be slaughtered for food (subj. beast); 3 fs. תִּשָּׁחֵט Vayikra 6:18^(×2) (P) be slain, of sacrifice.

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שַׁחֲטָה

n.f. (Qal Inf. cstr. Kö^{i. 263}) doubtful word;—וְשׁ׳ שֵׂטִים הֶעְמִיקוּ Hoshea 5:2 RV (cf. AV) the revolters are gone deep in slaughtering [‘Opferschlächterei’ Kö^{ii 1. 590, n. 1}], Ew Now (formerly), Che in corrupting (read then שַׁחֲתָה); We Now GASm Marti שַׁחַת הַשִּׁטִּים have made deep the pit of Shiṭṭim (as place of idolatry).

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שְׁחִין

v. שׁחן.

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שָׁחִיס

Yeshaya 37:30 = סָחִישׁ (in ‖ Melachim Beis 19:29), q.v.

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שַׁ֫חַל

n.m. lion (poet.);—abs. שׁ׳ Hoshea 5:14 +, שָׁ֑חַל Iyov 4:10 +;—lion, sim. of י׳, toward Israel Hoshea 5:14 (‖ כְּפִיר), Hoshea 13:7 (‖ נָמֵר); of guilty men Iyov 4:10 (‖ אַרְיֵה, כְּפִירִים); fig. of foes Tehillim 91:13 (‖ כְּפִיר); lion, as hunted Iyov 10:16 (in sim.); lit. Iyov 28:8; Mishlei 26:13

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שְׁחִין²

n.m. boil, coll. eruption;—on man Melachim Beis 20:7 = Yeshaya 38:21, שׁ׳ רָ֑ע Devarim 28:35; Iyov 2:7; possibly leprous Vayikra 13:18, Vayikra 13:19, Vayikra 13:20, צָרֶ֫בֶת הַשּׁ׳ Vayikra 13:23 (v. צ׳; all P), in Egypt, on man and beast Shemos 9:9, Shemos 9:10, Shemos 9:11^(×2) (all P), cstr. שְׁחִין מִצְרַיִם Devarim 28:27.

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שַׁ֫חַץ

n.[m.] dignity, pride;—בְנֵי־שָׁ֑חַץ i.e. majestic wild beasts Iyov 28:8 (‖ שָׁ֑חַל), Iyov 41:26.

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שָׁחַר

vb. be black (NH שָׁחוֹר and deriv., black, blackness, etc., Ecclus Ben Sira 25:17 Hiph. make black; Aramaic שְׁחַר (Jastr Dalm), Aph. grow black, so ܫܚܰܪ, ܫܘܽܚܳܪܳܐ coal; Jäger^{BAS ii. 295} cp. Assyrian šûru, coal);

Pf. שׁ׳, of skin Iyov 30:30.

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שָׁחֹר

adj. black;—שׁ׳ of hair Vayikra 13:31, Vayikra 13:37 (P), so fpl. שְׁחֹרוֹת Shir HaShirim 5:11; of skin, fs. שְׁחוֹרָה Shir HaShirim 1:5; of horses, mpl. שְׁחֹרִים Zecharia 6:2, Zecharia 6:6.

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שַׁ֫חַר

n.m. ^{Breishis 19:15} dawn;—abs. שׁ׳ Shmuel Alef 9:26 +, שָׁ֑חַר Shoftim 19:25 +; הַשַּׁחַר Breishis 19:15; Tehillim 22:1;—dawn, c. עָלָה rise Breishis 19:15; Breishis 32:25, Breishis 32:27; Yehoshua 6:15 (all J), Shoftim 19:25; Shmuel Alef 9:26; Nechemia 4:15; Yonah 4:7; opp. עֵיפָה Amos 4:13; as adv. at dawn Tehillim 57:9 = Tehillim 108:3; עַפְעַפֵּי־שׁ׳ Iyov 3:9; Iyov 41:10; כַּנִפֵי־שׁ׳ Tehillim 139:9; Tehillim 110:3 read prob. רֶחֶם שׁ׳ (v. מִשְׁחָר infr.); שׁ׳ also Iyov 38:12, in sim. Hoshea 6:3 (but read כְּשַׁחֲרֵנוּ כֵּן נִמְצָאֵהוּ as inf., v. following, Gie^{Beitr. 208} We Now GASm Marti), Yeshaya 58:8; Shir HaShirim 6:10; Yoel 2:2 (al. blackness, ‖ עָנָן וַעֲרָפֶל); בֶּן־שׁ׳ Yeshaya 14:12 (of star, fig. of royal splendour;—lit. as myth RS^{K 300}); אֵין לוֹ שׁ׳ Yeshaya 8:20 is obscure, so also בַּשּׁ׳ Hoshea 10:15 (We in storm, i.e. בַּשַּׂעַר).—Yeshaya 47:11 usually, but improbably, dawn (origin) of calamity: JHMich Hi Ew Röd (Thes) De Di al. charm away (RVm) (Arabic سَحَرَ enchant (We^{Heid. 2. 159, 200}), سِحْرٌ enchantment [= Sab. סחר DHM^{Hofmus. 24. 1}]); but v. [שָׁחַד]. Also צֶרֶת הַשַּׁחַר v. p. 886.

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שָׁחַר²

vb.denom. look early, diligently for (late; orig. look for dawn);—

Pt. שֹׁחֵר טוֹב Mishlei 11:27 (‖ בִּקֵּשׁ, דָּרַשׁ), elsewhere

c. acc. (sf.) Pf. 3 ms. sf. שִׁחֲרוֹ מוּסָר Mishlei 13:24 seeks him early (with) discipline (chastises him betimes); 2 ms. sf. consec. וְשִׁחַרְתַּ֫נִי וְאֵינֶנִּי Iyov 7:21; lit. Inf. לְשַׁחֵר פָּנֶיךָ Mishlei 7:15; of wild asses, Pt. מְשַׁחֲרֵי לַטָּ֑רֶף Iyov 24:5 (Ges^{§ 130 u}) seeking eagerly for their food; usually of seeking God (י׳) earnestly, Pf. וְשִׁחֲרוּ־אֵל Tehillim 78:34 (‖ דָּרַשׁ), Impf. 2 ms. תְּשַׁהֵר אֶל־אֵל Iyov 8:5 (si vera l.), 3 mpl. sf. יְשַׁחֲרֻנְנִי (Ges^{§ 60 e}) Hoshea 5:15 (‖ בִּקֵּשׁ), + Hoshea 6:3 (v. שַׁחַר), and, acc. wisdom, Mishlei 1:28, Pt. sf. מְשַׁחֲרַי Mishlei 8:17; seek with longing, long for (י׳), אֲשַׁחֲרֶ֑ךָּ Yeshaya 26:9 Tehillim 63:2.

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שָׁחַת

vb. go to ruin (?), only der. spec. (NH Hiph. = BH, Ecclus. שחיתה Ben Sira 30:11 corrupt act; Arabic سَحَتَ extirpate; Ethiopic ሰሐጠ: injure, violate; TelAm. šaḫâtu is fall (especially of city), be prostrate (? of land), perhaps Canaanism (v. Wkl^{TelAm. Vocab.}), Assyrian poss. šêtu, flee, escape (cf. אבד); Old Aramaic (Zinj.) שחת destroy Lzb³⁷⁴, Aramaic שְׁחַת, ܫܰܚܶܛ (assim. of ܬ), mutilate;—very improb. Gerber¹⁷⁹ denom. from שַׁחַת);—

be marred, spoiled, Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁחַת, of waistcloth Yirmiya 13:7, vessel Yirmiya 18:4; be injured, or even (hyperb.) ruined, Impf. 3 fs. תִּשָּׁחֵת Shemos 8:20 (J) of land (מִפְּנֵי הֶעָרֹב); be corrupted, corrupt, in morals and rel., of earth, Pf. 3 fs. נִשְׁחָ֑תָה Breishis 6:12 (P), Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּשּׁ׳ לִפְנֵי הָא׳ v Breishis 6:11 (P); so Pt. fpl. as adj. נִשְׁחָתוֹת Yechezkel 20:44.

Pf. 3 ms. שִׁחֵת Shemos 32:7 +, sf. שִׁחֶתְךָ Hoshea 13:9; 2 ms. שִׁחַתָּ Yeshaya 14:20 +, etc.; Imv. mpl. שַׁחֵ֑תוּ Yirmiya 5:10; Inf. cstr. שַׁחֵת Breishis 13:10 +, etc.;—

spoil, ruin, acc. of eye Shemos 21:26 (E), vineyard Yirmiya 12:10 (fig.), branches Nachum 2:3 (fig.), also = destroy, acc. pers. Shmuel Beis 1:14; Shmuel Beis 14:11 (acc. om.), Yechezkel 5:16; Yechezkel 20:17, כָּל־בָּשָׂר Breishis 6:17; Breishis 9:15 (P), city, fortress, etc., Breishis 13:10; Breishis 19:13, Breishis 19:29 (all J); Shmuel Beis 24:16; Yirmiya 5:10 (acc. om.) Yirmiya 48:18; Yechezkel 26:4; Yechezkel 43:3; Eicha 2:5, ruin temple v Eicha 2:6, nation Hoshea 11:9; Hoshea 13:9 (read perhaps שִׁחַתִּךָ Oort Now), land Melachim Beis 19:12 (Hiph. in ‖ Yeshaya 37:12), Shoftim 6:5 Yehoshua 22:33 (P), Yechezkel 22:30; Yechezkel 30:11, earth Breishis 9:11 (P); c. ל obj. (ל 3 b), city Shmuel Alef 23:11, pers. Bamidbar 32:15 (P); c. acc. רַחֲמָיו Amos 1:11, destroyed (stifled) his compassion (or, RS^{K 28} al., the bonds of kinship, v. רַחֲמִים), בְּרִית Malachi 2:8, i.e. violate it, v. especially וְשׁ׳ אַרְצָה (sc. semen) Breishis 38:9 (J) he spoiled (it) upon the ground, made it ineffective, = waste words Mishlei 23:8.

pervert, corrupt, acc. wisdom Yechezkel 28:17, abs. = deal corruptly, חֶעֱמִיקוּ שִׁחֵתוּ Hoshea 9:9 (cf. [עָמֹק], p. 770b; but We Now read שַׁחְתּוֹ, √ שׁוח), Shemos 32:7 (JE), Devarim 9:12, so שׁ׳ לוֹ Devarim 32:5.

Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁחִית Breishis 6:12 +; 1 s. וְהִשְׁחַתִּ֫י Yirmiya 51:20, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁחִית Daniel 8:24 +, יַשְׁחִת Malachi 3:11 +, וַיַּשְׁחֵת Divrei HaYamim Alef 20:1; 2 fs. וַתַּשְׁחִתִי Yechezkel 16:47, 2 mpl. תַּשְׁחִתוּן Devarim 4:16; Devarim 31:29; Imv. ms. sf. הַשְׁחִיתָהּ Melachim Beis 18:25 = Yeshaya 36:10; Inf. abs. הַשְׁחֵת Devarim 31:29; cstr. הַשְׁחִית Shmuel Alef 26:15 +, etc.; Pt. מַשְׁחִית Breishis 19:14 +, etc.;—

spoil, ruin, acc. crop Shoftim 6:4; Malachi 3:11, trees Devarim 20:19, Devarim 20:20; Yirmiya 11:19 (fig.), vessels Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:19, houses Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:11, palaces Yirmiya 6:5, cf. Yeshaya 65:8; Vayikra 19:27 (H), Rus 4:6; הִשׁ׳ דַּיָּם Yirmiya 49:9 thieves damage as much as they want; acc. pers. = ruin, destroy, Shmuel Alef 26:9, Shmuel Alef 26:15 Shoftim 20:21, Shoftim 20:25 (+ אַ֫רְצָה), v Shoftim 20:35, Shoftim 20:42; Melachim Beis 13:23; Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:23 (+ מִן separ.), + 12 times, + (acc. pers. om.) Yeshaya 51:13 + 4 times, acc. בֵּית דָּוִד Divrei HaYamim Beis 21:7, abs. Yeshaya 11:9 = Yeshaya 65:25; also ruin one (by words) Mishlei 11:9; acc. עַם Shmuel Beis 24:16; Devarim 9:26; land Shmuel Alef 6:5; Yirmiya 36:29; Daniel 11:17 (v. Dr); city wall Shmuel Beis 20:15 (Ew Th here denom. from שַׁחַת they were making a pit; < 𝔊 We (?) Klo Dr Bu HPS Now מְהַשְּׁבִים were devising), Eicha 2:8, cities and nations Breishis 18:28^(×2) (J, acc. om.), Breishis 19:13, Breishis 19:14 (J), Yeshaya 37:12 (Pi. in ‖ Melachim Beis 19:12), Yeshaya 36:10^(×2) = Melachim Beis 18:25^(×2) + 11 times + (Israel personif.) Devarim 4:31; Devarim 10:10; Melachim Beis 8:19, pride of Judah Yirmiya 13:9, earth Yirmiya 51:1; abs. c. adv. acc. Daniel 8:24 (v. Dr; Bev conj. יְשׂחֵחַ or יָשִׂיחַ utter monstrous things), cf. Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:12; Pt. as adj., of lion Yirmiya 2:30, angel Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:15; = destroyer Shemos 12:23 (J), Yirmiya 22:7; Yeshaya 54:16, מ׳ גּוֹיִם Yirmiya 4:7, רוּח מ׳ Yirmiya 51:1; sg. coll. (הַמּ׳ Ges^{§ 126 i}; the destroying band, cf. Dr Bu Now) Shmuel Alef 13:17; Shmuel Alef 14:15 (spoilers, ravagers); fig. for snare, trap, Yirmiya 5:26.

pervert, corrupt, morally, acc. דֶּרֶךְ Breishis 6:12 (P; v. דֶּרֶךְ 6), נַפְשׁוֹ Mishlei 6:32, cf. Tzefania 3:7; Yechezkel 23:11 (מִן comp.); הִשׁ׳ הִתְעִיבוּ עֲלִילָה Tehillim 14:1 = Tehillim 53:2; הַשְׁהֵת תַּשְׁח׳ (+ vb. of particular act) Devarim 4:16; Devarim 31:29; declar. = act corruptly, Yeshaya 1:4; Devarim 4:25 (+ vb. of act), Divrei HaYamim Beis 27:2, + מִן comp. Shoftim 2:19; Yechezkel 16:47; Pt. as subst. Yirmiya 6:28, אִישׁ מַשׁ׳ Mishlei 28:24 (Mishlei 18:9 v. infra).—אַל־תַּשְׁחֵת destroy not (catchword of old song or melody?) in ψ-titles: †Tehillim 57:1; Tehillim 58:1; Tehillim 59:1; Tehillim 75:1.

Pt. מָשְׁחָת spoiled, ruined, of a spring, מָקוֹר Mishlei 25:26 (‖ מַעְיָן נִרְפָּשׂ); as subst. Malachi 1:14 sacrificing a spoiled thing.

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שַׁ֫חַת²

v. שׁוח.

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שִׁטָּה

n.f. acacia, tree and wood (= שִׁנְטָה*, Arabic سَنْطٌ, prob. loan-word from Egyptian šndt, šond^et, Thes¹⁴⁵² Erman^{ZMG xivi (1892), 120});—growing in dry places; especially acacia (mimosa) Nilotica; cf. Rob^{BR ii. 20}, or a. seyyâl Post^{Flora 298 f. Hast. DB Shittah-tree} Tristr^{NHB 390 ff.};—שׁ׳ sg. Yeshaya 41:19 (to grow in desert); usually pl., עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים shiṭṭîm wood, material of ark, altars, staves, etc., in tabern., Devarim 10:3; Shemos 25:5, Shemos 25:10, Shemos 25:13 + 19 times Shemos 25-38 (P); עֲצֵי om., עַמּוּדֵי שׁ׳ pillars of shiṭṭîm (wood), Shemos 26:32, Shemos 26:37; Shemos 36:36 (P).

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שָׁטַח

vb. spread, spread abroad (NH id.; Arabic سَطَحَ spread out; so Ethiopic ሰጥሐ: Aramaic שְׁטַח, ܫܛܰܚ );—

Pf. 3 pl. sf. consec. וּשְׁטָחוּם לַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Yirmiya 8:2 they shall spread them abroad, etc., acc. of many separate things, so Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּשְׁטַח Shmuel Beis 17:19 (עַל loc.; disting. from פָּרַשׂ spread covering); 3 mpl. + Inf. abs. וַיִּשְׁטְחוּ לָהֶם שָׁטוֹחַ Bamidbar 11:32 (J) they spread (sc. the quails) for themselves all abroad round about the camp (i.e. to dry them; 𝔙 siccaverunt; cf. Di Gray); Pt. שֹׁטֵחַ לַגּוֹיִם Iyov 12:23 expanding the nations (cf. ל 3 b).

Pf. 1 s. שִׁטַּחְתִּי אֵלֶיךָ כַפָּ֑י Tehillim 88:10 I have spread out unto thee my palms.

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שָׁטַף

vb. overflow, rinse or wash off (NH id., so J.Aram. שְׁטַף; Assyrian šaṭâpu, overflow, Arabic سطف id., Cuche);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Yeshaya 8:8 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁטֹף Melachim Alef 22:38, etc.; Pt. שׁוֹטֵף Yeshaya 10:22 +, pl. שֹׁטְפִים Yeshaya 28:2;—

overflow, of river Yeshaya 8:8; Yirmiya 47:2a (v. נַחַל), Daniel 11:10, Daniel 11:40, all fig. of invading army, cf. Yeshaya 28:15 (qy. by Sta^{ThLZ, Apr. 1894, 235}, Du Marti read שׁוֹט שֹׁטֵט), v Yeshaya 28:18 (v. שׁוֹט), also (sim. of י׳ in judgment) v Yeshaya 28:2 (מַיִם), Yeshaya 30:28, of judicial destruction, שׁוֹטֵף צְדָקָה Yeshaya 10:22; c. acc. of land Yirmiya 47:2b, pers. (fig.) Yeshaya 43:2 (נְהָרוֹת), Tehillim 69:3 (שִׁבֹּלֶת), v Tehillim 69:16 (שׁ׳ מַיִם), Tehillim 124:4 (מַיִם), cf. Yeshaya 28:17 Shir HaShirim 8:7; גֶּשֶׁם שׁוֹטֵף flooding rain (of י׳’s judgment) Yechezkel 13:11, Yechezkel 13:13; Yechezkel 38:22; נַחַל שׁוֹטֵף Yeshaya 66:12, sim., in good sense.—Abs. Daniel 11:26 v. Niph.—Fig. of dashing, rushing horse, כְּסוּס שׁוֹ׳ בַּמִּלְחָמָה Yirmiya 8:6.

flow, run, lit. of נַחַל Tehillim 78:20 Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:4.

lit., rinse or wash off, c. acc. of thing washed Melachim Alef 22:38, יָדָיו בַּמָּ֑יִם Vayikra 15:11 (P); of stain Yechezkel 16:9 (מֵעָלַיִךְ; ‖ רָחַץ); עֲפַר־אָ֑רֶץ Iyov 14:19.

Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁטֵף בַּמַּיִם Vayikra 15:12 be rinsed out, off (P; of wooden vessel); 3 mpl. יִשָּֽׁטְפוּ מִלְּפָנָיו Daniel 11:22 be swept away (defeated), read prob. יִשָּׁטֵף (for יִשְׁטֹף), also v Daniel 11:26 (cf. Dr).

Pf. 3 ms. וּמֹרַק וְשֻׁטַּף בַּמָּ֑יִם Vayikra 6:21 (P) it shall be scoured and rinsed.

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שֹׁטֵר

n.m. official, officer (proposes scribe, secretary? or from original meaning as arranger, organizer?);—abs. שׁ׳ Mishlei 6:7, שׁו׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:11; pl. שֹׁטְרִים Devarim 1:15 +, etc.;—appar. subordinate officer, judicial, civil or military (cf. Dr Devarim 1:15 Gray Bamidbar 11:16): organizing people for marching Yehoshua 1:10; Yehoshua 3:2 (both E), cf. Devarim 20:5, Devarim 20:8, Devarim 20:9; appointed over Isr. by Egyptian overseers Shemos 5:14, cf. v Shemos 5:6, Shemos 5:10, Shemos 5:15, Shemos 5:19 (all J); elsewhere + זְקֵנִים Bamidbar 11:16 (E), Devarim 29:9; Devarim 31:28; + שׁ פְטִים Devarim 16:18 Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:4; Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:29, + ז׳ et שֹׁפ׳ Yehoshua 8:33 (R^D), and (+ רָאשִׁים) Yehoshua 23:2 (R^D), Yehoshua 24:1 (E, or R^D); שֹׁט׳ as minor judges also Devarim 1:15; שֹׁט׳ הַמְשָֽׁרְתִים אֶת־הַמֶּלֶךְ Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:1, chosen from Levites Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:11; Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:13 (+ סוֹפְרִים, שׁוֹעֲרִים); as title of individ. Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:11 (‖ הַסּוֹפֵר); of ant, אֵין־לָהּ קָצִין שֹׁטֵר וּמֹשֵׁל Mishlei 6:7.

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שִׁטְרַי

n.pr.m. an official of David, Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:29 Kt (> Qr שִׁרְטִי); Ασαρταις, Σατραι.

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שַׁי

n.m. gift offered as homage (√ dub.; perhaps in spite of שׁ = ش Arabic شَيِىَٔ, vb. wish, شَىْءٌ thing (weakened from thing desired); cf. חֵפֶץ 4);—יוּבַל שׁ׳ Yeshaya 18:7, יֹבִילוּ שׁ׳ Tehillim 76:12, יוֹב׳ שָׁ֑י Tehillim 68:30.

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שָׁיָה

vb. only

Impf. apoc. צוּר יְלָֽדְךָ תֶּ֑שִׁי Devarim 32:18, but < read תִּשֶּׁה (II. נשׁה) the Rock which begat thee thou forgattest, Sam. תשא, Di Dr.

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שִׁיזָא

n.pr.m. in Reuben, Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:42, Σαιζα, Σιζαι.

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שִׁיחַ

v. שׁוח.

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שִׁיחוֹר

n.pr.flum. on border of Egypt, prob. E. branch of Nile;—הַשּׁ׳ Yehoshua 13:3, שׁ׳ מִצְרַיִם Divrei HaYamim Alef 13:5; clearly = Nile, זֶרַע שִׁחֹר Yeshaya 23:3 (‖ קְצִיר יְאוֹר), מֵי שִׁחוֹר Yirmiya 2:18; cf. Dl^{Pa 311} Wilson^{Hast. DB Shihor} (usually derived from I. שׁחר, as black water, but doubtful).

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שַׁיִט

v. I. שׁוט.

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שִׁילוֹ

n.pr.loc., שִׁילֹנִי etc., v. שִׁלֹה.

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שִׁימוֹן

n.pr.m. in Judah, Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:20, Σεμ(ε)ιων, Σαμι.

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שִׁיר

n.m. song (NH id.; so Ecclus Ben Sira 40:21 +);—שׁ׳ abs. Shoftim 5;Shoftim 12 +, cstr. Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:27 +; sf. שִׁירִי Tehillim 28:7, etc.; pl. שִׁירִים Divrei HaYamim Alef 13:8; Shir HaShirim 1:1; שִׁרִים Breishis 31:27; Mishlei 25:20; sf. שִׁרֶ֫יךָ Amos 5:23, etc.;—

lyric song, + מָשָׁל Melachim Alef 5:12, opp. קִינָה Amos 8:10; joyous Breishis 31:27 (J) Yeshaya 30:29; שׁ׳ עגבים Yechezkel 33:32; triumphal Shoftim 5:12; love song Shir HaShirim 1:1^(×2) (title שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים), Tehillim 45:1 (שִׁיר יְדִידֹת); noisy Amos 5:23 Yechezkel 26:13, in drunken revels Yeshaya 24:9, cf. Yeshaya 23:16; שׁ׳ כסילים Koheles 7:5; not for sorrow Mishlei 25:20 Tehillim 137:3^(×2); בְּנוֹת הַשִּׁיר Koheles 12:4 songstresses (prob. birds).

religious song, in worship, ‖ תפלה Tehillim 42:9; usually praise, הלל בשׁיר Tehillim 69:31; מִשִּׁירִי אֲהוֹדֶנּוּ Tehillim 28:7; שִׁיר תְּהִלָּה וְהוֹדוֹת Nechemia 12:46; שׁיר י׳ Tehillim 137:4 Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:27; שׁיר חדשׁ Yeshaya 42:10 (fresh outburst), + 6 times, v. חָדָשׁ; in ψ-titles, שׁיר Yeshaya 46:1, cf. Yeshaya 26:1; שׁיר המעלות pilgrim songs Tehillim 120:1 + 14 times (v. ii. מַעֲלָה p. 752); c. מִזְמוֹר Tehillim 48:1 + 12 times (v. מִז׳ p. 274); מַשְׂכִּיל שִׁיר Tehillim 45:1; (שׁ׳ orig. alone in all except Tehillim 30:1; Tehillim 92:1; Tehillim 108:1, v. Br^{JBL xviii (1899), 138}).

specif. song of Levitical choirs, with musical accomp., Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:16, Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:17; Divrei HaYamim Alef 13:8 (so read also ‖ Shmuel Beis 6:5 for בְּרוֹשִׁים, 𝔊 Th and mod., cf. ב׳), Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:6, Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:7; Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:18; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:28 Nechemia 12:27; כלי (ה)שׁיר instrument to accompany song Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:16 + 6 times (v. כְּלִי 2 b); cf. Amos 6:5.

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שִׁירָה

n.f. song (pl. [שׁ]ירות Ecclus Ben Sira 39:15);—abs. שׁ׳ Shemos 15:1 + 9 times; cstr. שִׁירַת Yeshaya 5:1; Yeshaya 23:15; pl. cstr. שִׁירוֹת Amos 8:3 (read שָׁרוֹת 𝔊 Hoffm^{ZAW iii (1883)} We al.);—song, ode, Shemos 15:1 (E), Shmuel Beis 22:1 = Tehillim 18:1, Devarim 31:19^(×2), Devarim 31:21, Devarim 31:22, Devarim 31:30; Devarim 32:44; Bamidbar 21:17 (E) Yeshaya 5:1; Yeshaya 23:15.

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שִׁיר²

vb. sing (denom. according to Nö^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 537} Gerb¹⁷², but, if so, an old one);—

Pf. 3 ms. שָׁר Tehillim 7:1; Impf. 3 ms. יָשִׁיר Shemos 15:1 Bamidbar 21:17 (read יָשִׁר Iyov 33:27 for יָשׁר, √ II. שׁוּר, so SS Bu Gerb; in this sense also Ew De Di RV and all mod.); 3 fs. וַתָּ֫שַׁר Shoftim 5:1, etc.; Imv. mpl. שִׁירוּ Shemos 15:21 +; Inf. cstr. לָשׁוּר Shmuel Alef 18:6 Kt (< Qr לָשִׁיר, so Bu; 𝔊^B om., cf. Dr Kit^Kau HPS Now); Pt. שָׁר Mishlei 25:20; pl. שָׁרִים Shmuel Beis 19:36 +; f. שָׁרוֹת Shmuel Beis 19:36 + 2 times + Amos 8:3 (read for שִׁירוֹת; v. שִׁירָה);—sing, c. acc. שִׁיר Yeshaya 42:10 Tehillim 33:3 + 5 times; שִׁירָה Shemos 15:1; Bamidbar 21:17 (E) Yeshaya 5:1; שׁ׳ בשׁרים Mishlei 25:20; מִשִּׁיר צִיּוֹן Tehillim 137:3; שׁגיון Tehillim 7:1 (𝔊 מזמור), תהלה Tehillim 106:12; c. acc. of theme Tehillim 59:17; Tehillim 89:2; abs. Shoftim 5:1; Shmuel Alef 18:6; c. לְ Tehillim 13:6; Tehillim 96:1, Tehillim 96:2 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:23, Shemos 15:1, Shemos 15:21; Yirmiya 20:13; ‖ זמּר Tehillim 68:5, Tehillim 68:33; Tehillim 101:1; Tehillim 104:33; Tehillim 105:2 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:9; Shoftim 5:3; + זמּר abs. Tehillim 57:8 = Tehillim 108:2; c. acc. theme Tehillim 21:14; c. לְ pers. Tehillim 27:6; of nature Tehillim 65:14 (after הַתְרוֹעֵעַ); על אנשׁים Iyov 33:27 (v. supra); pt. שָׁרִים singers Shmuel Beis 19:36 Melachim Alef 10:12 + 6 times (Yechezkel 40:44 read שְׁתַּיִם 𝔊 Hi Co mod.); שָׁרוֹת songstresses Shmuel Beis 19:36; Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:25; Koheles 2:8 + Amos 8:3 (v. supra).—Tehillim 138:5 read וְיָשִׂיחוּ. Pōʿl.₃₆ Pf. 3 mpl. שֹׁרְרוּ Iyov 36:24; Impf. 3 ms. יְשׁוֹרֵר Tzefania 2:14; Pt. מְשׁוֹרֵר Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:18; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:28; pl. מְשֹׁרְרִים Ezra 2:65 +, etc.;—sing: birds Tzefania 2:14; men Iyov 36:24; elsewhere pt. of Levitical singers Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:18; Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:33 + 31 times, + fpl. Ezra 2:65 songstresses = Nechemia 7:66.

be sung: Impf. יוּשַׁר הַשִׁיר הַזֶּה Yeshaya 26:1.

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שַׁ֫יִשׁ

n.[m.] alabaster (foreign word? NH id.; Aramaic שַׁיְשָׁא, ܫܺܝܫܳܐ, perhaps Assyrian šaššu);—אַבְנֵי־שׁ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:2 (material of temple); cf. Patrick^{Hast.DB Marble}.

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שֵׁשׁ²

n.m. id.;—עַמּוּדֵי שׁ׳ Shir HaShirim 5:15 (in fig.), Esther 1:6 a, material of pavement v Esther 1:6 b (v. בַּ֫הַט).—I. שֵׁשׁ, v. שׁדשׁ.

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שִׁישָׁא

n.pr.m. Solomon’s time, Melachim Alef 4:3, Σαβα, Σεισα, 𝔊L Σαφατ; cf. שְׂרָיָה.

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שִׁישַׁק

n.pr.m. king of Egypt, Solomon’s time (10th cent. b.c.), Melachim Alef 11:40; Melachim Alef 14:25 Qr (Kt שושק), = Divrei HaYamim Beis 12:2; Divrei HaYamim Beis 12:9, שִׁישָׁ֑ק v Divrei HaYamim Beis 12:5^(×2), Divrei HaYamim Beis 12:7; = Šešonḳ I, first king of 22nd dynasty, Blau^{ZMG xv (1861), 233 ff.} Steind^{BAS i. 351}; = Sošenḳ WMM^{As. u. Eur. 166 ff.; Ency. Bib. Shishak}; cf. Griffith^{Hast.DB Shishak}.

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שִׁית

vb. put, set (Nö^{Beitr. z. Sem. Sprachwiss. 39 f.}; cf. Ph. שת Lzb ³⁷⁵; Ecclus שית Pt. pass. Ben Sira 31:27 (?); v. also (Nö^{l.c. 41}) Syriac ܫܺܝܽܘܬܳܐ quality, appearance);—

Pf. 3 ms. שָׁת Breishis 4:25 +, 3 fs. שָׁ֫תָה Shmuel Alef 4:20 +, 2 ms. שַׁ֫תָּה Tehillim 8:7, שַׁ֫תָּ Tehillim 90:8, sf. שַׁתַּ֫נִי Tehillim 88:7, Tehillim 88:9, 1 s. שַׁ֫תִּי Tehillim 73:28 +; 3 pl. שָּׁ֫תוּ Shemos 33:4 + 3 times, metapl. שַׁתּוּ Tehillim 49:15; Tehillim 73:9 (other forms not found); Impf. 3 ms. יָשִׁית Shemos 21:22 +, juss. יָשֵׁת Iyov 9:33, וַיָּ֫שֶׁת Breishis 30:40 +; 3 fs. sf. וַתְּשִׁתֵ֫הוּ Rus 4:16, תִּשִׁיתֵ֫מוֹ Tehillim 21:10 +, 1 s. sf. אֲשִׁתֶ֫נּוּ Melachim Alef 11:34; Imv. ms. שִׁית Mishlei 27:23, שִׁיתָ֫ה Tehillim 9:21; Tehillim 141:3; fs. שִׁ֫תִי Yirmiya 31:21, etc.; Inf. abs. שֹׁת Yeshaya 22:7; cstr. שִׁית Iyov 30:1 +; Pt. pass. וְשִׁית (Yirmiya 13:16 Qr, but read Kt יָשִׁית); sf. שִׁתִי Shemos 10:1;—

put, lay hand upon, עַל, Breishis 46:4 (E), Breishis 48:14, Breishis 48:17 (J), Iyov 9:33 Tehillim 139:5; c. עִם in evil partnership, Shemos 23:1 (E); put ornaments, עַל pers., Shemos 33:4 (J); cf. Shmuel Alef 2:8 Yeshaya 15:9 Iyov 22:24 Rus 3:15; lay child into (ב) bosom Rus 4:16; put wisdom, ב loc., Iyov 38:36, cf. Mishlei 26:24; אָשִׁית עֵצוֹת בְּנַפְשִׁי Tehillim 13:3, i.e. take counsel, plan; מַחְסִי בי׳ Tehillim 73:28; put things תַּחַת רַגְלָיו Tehillim 8:7; lay (penalty) עַל pers. Shemos 21:22 (E), sin Bamidbar 12:11 (E), cf. (c. אֲשֶׁר = where) Tehillim 84:4; nearly = give (נתן), acc. + ל pers. Breishis 4:25 (J; explan. of name שֵׁת), appoint Tehillim 9:21.

set, station, sheep לְבַדּוֹ Breishis 30:40, cf. לֹא שָׁתָם עַל v Breishis 30:40 (J); acc. pers. = appoint (עַל over) Breishis 41:33 (E); set לָמוֹ pers. (ל 3 b) + ב loc. Tehillim 73:18, so (acc.) Tehillim 88:7 and (obj. pers. om.) Tehillim 12:6, set crown לְרֹאשׁוֹ Tehillim 21:4, set one (מִן partit.) לְכִסֵּא Tehillim 132:11; set pers. among (ב pers.) Shmuel Beis 19:29; Yirmiya 3:19, cf. (עִם) Iyov 30:1; set watch לְפִי Tehillim 141:3, snares לִי Tehillim 140:6, enmity, בֵּין pers. Breishis 3:15 (J); iniquities לְנֶגְדֶּ֑ךָ Tehillim 90:8, cf. Tehillim 101:3; set, direct face, אֶל loc. Bamidbar 24:1 (J), eyes לִנְטוֹת בָּאָרֶץ Tehillim 17:11.

in phr. שׁ׳ לֵב לְ set one’s mind to, give heed, attention (cf. שׂוּם 2 b), Shemos 7:23 (E), Shmuel Beis 13:20; Yirmiya 31:21 Tehillim 48:14 Mishlei 22:17; Mishlei 27:23, c. אֶל Iyov 7:17, abs. Shmuel Alef 4:20 Tehillim 62:11; Mishlei 24:32 I reflected.

set, fix, גְּבוּל Shemos 23:31 (E; c. מִן … עַד), תָּשִׁית לִי הֹק Iyov 14:13 wouldst fix me a limit, Iyov 38:11 (וּפֹא יָשִׁית בִּגְאוֹן גַּלָּיךָ De al. here shall one fix it [the boundary, חֹק, v Iyov 14:10] = it shall be fixed against, etc.: but explan. very forced: Me Kau יִשָּׁבֵר ג׳, Bi Bu יִשְׁבֹּת ג׳).

constitute, make one something, 2 acc., Melachim Alef 11:34 I will make him prince, Yeshaya 5:6; Yeshaya 26:1; Yirmiya 22:6 Tehillim 21:7; Tehillim 84:7; Tehillim 88:9 (+ למוֹ ind. obj.), Tehillim 110:1 Shmuel Beis 22:12 ‖ Tehillim 18:12; תְּשִׁיתֵמוֹ שֶׁ֑כֶם Tehillim 21:13 = thou wilt make them (all) shoulder, make them turn their back, flee (cf. Tehillim 18:41); acc. + ל make something into Yirmiya 2:15 = Yirmiya 50:3; Yirmiya 13:16 Tehillim 45:17 (+ ב loc.); acc. + ב comp. make one like Hoshea 2:5 (‖ שִׂים), Yeshaya 16:3 Tehillim 21:10; Tehillim 83:12, Tehillim 83:14; acc. only, make, prepare, feast Yirmiya 51:39, cf. שָׁת קָצִיר לָךְ Hoshea 6:11 (read poss. שִׁית, pt. pass.), make darkness Tehillim 104:20; = perform signs, ב loc. Shemos 10:1 (J).

internally trans., = take one’s stand (cf. שִׂים 4 a) הַפָּרָשִׁים שֹׁת שָׁתוּ הַשָּׁ֑עְרָה Yeshaya 22:7; c. עָלָֽי (against) Tehillim 3:7.—יָשִׁית מִמֶּנִּי Iyov 10:20 (Kt; > Qr Imv. וְשִׁית) is dub., יָשִׁית = יָשֵׁת: De direct (attention) away from me, cf. Di (ellipsis of יָד, פָּנִים, or לֵב), Du (sc. יָד; reads Imv.); Lag (so Bu) proposes יִשְׁבֹּת, Siegf (יָדוֹ) יָשֵׁב, 𝔊 Beer (best) שְׁעֵה (Iyov 7:19), with יְמֵי חֶלְדִּי (𝔊 Bu Be Du) for יָמַי יחדל prob. rightly.

(or Qal pass. Ges^{§ 53 u}), Impf. 3 ms. יוּשַׁת Shemos 21:30 (E) if a ransom be imposed עָלָיו, v. Shemos 21:30.

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שִׁית²

n.m. garment (Nö^{Beitrlige, 41 f.}, cp. Syriac ܫܺܝܽܘܬܳܐ appearance, and qu. שִׁיֻּת?);—cstr. שִׁית זוֹנָה Mishlei 7:10; fig. שׁ׳ חָמָס Tehillim 73:6 (v. II. עטף).

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שֵׁת

n.pr.m. third son of Adam; Breishis 4:25 (where expl. from √ שִׁית), v Breishis 4:26 Breishis 5:3, Breishis 5:4, Breishis 5:6, Breishis 5:7, Breishis 4:8; Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:1; Σηθ.—In כָּל־בְּנֵי־שֵׁת Bamidbar 24:17 (poem in J), read prob. שֵׁאת tumult (cf. Eicha 3:47), or שְׂאֵת (v. sub נשׂא), cf. Gray.—ii. שֵׁת, v. II. שׁתה.

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שָׁת

n.m. (Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 84}) foundation, stay (of society) (√ שׁית Thes Kö^{ii. 1, 172});—pl. הַשָּׁתוֹת יֵהָרֵס֑וּן Tehillim 11:3 (prob. fig. of established usages, laws, etc., Jer. leges, Sym. θεσμοί, so Hup-Now Bae Che⁽¹⁸⁸⁸⁾ al.; > Thes al. of nobles); Thes puts here also שָֽׁתֹתֶ֫יהָ Yeshaya 19:10 (so MT probably intends), which Ew Di Kit then interpret of working-classes, ‖ עֹשֵׂי שֶׂכֶר; but perhaps opp. of this, the upper classes, so as to include all ranks of society, Thes De Che^Comm.; Che^Hpt Buhl al. שֹׁתֶיהָ weavers of it (cf. Du Marti), v. III. שׁתה.

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שַׁ֫יִת

n.[m.] coll. thorn-bushes (connex. with above √ dub.; Dietr^{Abh. 73} cp. (improb.) שׁאה devastate, שְׁאִיָּה ruin, whence שׁ׳ wild, rough growth);—always c. שָׁמִיר: abs. שׁ׳ Yeshaya 7:23, Yeshaya 7:24; Yeshaya 9:17; Yeshaya 27:4 (cf. Du); שָׁ֑יִת Yeshaya 5:6; Yeshaya 7:25; sf. שִׁיתוֹ Yeshaya 10:17 (fig. Assyrian).

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שָׁכַב

(Lag^{BN 63})₂₁₂ vb. lie down (NH = BH; שכב Ecclus Ben Sira 47:23 (in death), משכב bed Ben Sira 40:5; Ben Sira 47:20 d, = death bed Ben Sira 46:19; Ph. שכב, משכב (v. מ׳ 1 infr.), Lzb³⁷⁵; Ethiopic ሰከበ lie, so Aramaic שְׁכַב, ܫܟܶܒ; Nab. משכבא couch; Arabic سَكَبَ only pour out (water, tears), be poured out (cf. Hiph. infr., and Lag^{BN 63}));—Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Breishis 26:10 +, etc.; Impf. יִשְׁכַּב Breishis 30:15 +, 3 mpl. יִשְׁכְּבֻן Shmuel Alef 2:22, יִשְׁכָּב֑וּן Yehoshua 2:8 Iyov 30:17, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁכַב Shmuel Beis 13:5 Yechezkel 4:4, שִׁכְבָה Breishis 39:7, Breishis 39:12, etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁכֹב Vayikra 15:24; cstr. שְׁכַב Melachim Alef 1:21 +, sf. שָׁכְבוֹ Rus 3:4, שִׁכְבָהּ Breishis 19:33, Breishis 19:35, שָׁכְבְּךָ Devarim 6:7 + 2 times; Pt. שֹׁכֵב Breishis 28:13 +, f. שֹׁכֶ֫בֶת Micha 7:5; Rus 3:8, etc.;—

lie down (sometimes opp. קוּם, הֵקִיץ):

Shoftim 5:27 (prostrated by blow, + כָּרַע, נָפַל).

to sleep, Breishis 19:4 (J), Breishis 28:11 (E), Shmuel Alef 3:5; Devarim 7:7; Mishlei 6:22 + often; read וַיִּשְׁכַּב) also (for וַיַּשְׁכֵּם Shmuel Alef 9:26 𝔊 Th We Dr and mod.; שׁ׳ + יָשֵׁן sleep Melachim Alef 19:5 Tehillim 3:6; Tehillim 4:9, cf. Mishlei 3:24^(×2), + נִרְדָּם Yonah 1:5; = be lying Shmuel Alef 3:2, Shmuel Alef 3:3; Shmuel Alef 26:5 (all בְּ loc.), v Shmuel Alef 26:7 Shmuel Alef 4:5 (acc. cogn. noon-repose), Shmuel Beis 13:8, cf. שֹׁכֵב בְּלֶב־יָם Mishlei 23:34, of two lying (together, for warmth) Koheles 4:11; + be sleeping Shmuel Alef 26:7; = keep lying, c. עַד Shoftim 16:3; Shmuel Alef 3:14; Rus 3:13; Mishlei 6:9; emphasis on resting, Vayikra 26:6 (H), Iyov 11:18; token of mourning, וְשָׁכַב אָ֑רְצָה (וְלָן) Shmuel Beis 12:16, cf. Shmuel Beis 13:21, שׁ׳ בַּשָּׂק Melachim Alef 21:27, שׁ׳ בֵּין שְׁפַתָּ֑יִם Tehillim 68:14 (of indolence?); fig. of prostration by disease Tehillim 41:9 among foes Tehillim 57:5; of humiliation Yirmiya 3:25; c. עַל rei: land Breishis 28:13 (J), usually bed Shmuel Beis 13:5; Melachim Alef 21:4; Vayikra 15:4, Vayikra 15:24, Vayikra 15:26, cf. v Vayikra 15:20, for midday repose Shmuel Beis 4:7.

lie on (עַל) one’s side Yechezkel 4:4^(×2), Yechezkel 4:6, Yechezkel 4:9 (symbol.).

lie, עַל pers. Melachim Alef 3:19 (fatally), Melachim Beis 4:34 (to revive).

lie בְּחֵיק, of lamb (i.e. be cherished) Shmuel Beis 12:3, of woman Micha 7:5 (intimacy), Melachim Alef 1:2 (vital warmth); lie down for copulation Breishis 19:33, Breishis 19:35 (of woman, v. 3 infr.; both opp. קוּם).

= lodge (for night), (שָׁ֫מָּה) שׁ׳ Yehoshua 2:1 (E), Melachim Beis 4:11, cf. Melachim Beis 9:16 (yet perhaps = lie ill), Vayikra 14:47 (בְּ loc.).

of sexual relations, lie with: subj. man, c. עִם Breishis 30:15, Breishis 30:16; Breishis 39:7, Breishis 39:12, Breishis 39:14 (J), Shemos 22:15 (E), Devarim 22:22 + 8 times Dt., Shmuel Beis 11:4, Shmuel Beis 11:11; Shmuel Beis 12:11, Shmuel Beis 12:24 Vayikra 15:33; c. אֶת fem. with (MT אֹתָהּ, etc., orig. אִתָּהּ, etc., v. Dr Shmuel Beis 13:14 and II. אֵת, p. 85a supra), Breishis 26:10; Breishis 34:2, Breishis 34:7; Breishis 35:22 (all J), Shmuel Alef 2:22 (om. 𝔊 and mod.), Shmuel Beis 13:14; Yechezkel 23:8 (fig.), Vayikra 15:24 (שָׁכֹב יִשְׁכַּב), Bamidbar 5:19, also (c. acc. cogn. שִׁכְבַת־זֶרַע) v Bamidbar 5:13 Vayikra 15:18; Vayikra 19:20; c. acc. (sf.) fem. Devarim 28:30 Kt (v. [שָׁגֵל]); c. אֵצֶל fem. Breishis 39:10 (J); c. אֵת vir. (sodomy), Vayikra 18:22; Vayikra 20:13 (both H; c. acc. cogn. מִשְׁכְּבֵי אִשָּׁח); c. עִם־בְּהֵמָה Devarim 27:21; Shemos 22:18 (E); subj. woman, c. עִם vir. Breishis 19:32, Breishis 19:34, Breishis 19:35 (J) Shmuel Beis 13:11; אֵת vir. Breishis 19:33, Breishis 19:34 (cf. 1 e supra).

lie down in death, Yeshaya 14:8; Yeshaya 43:17 (opp. קוּם), Yechezkel 31:18; Yechezkel 32:27, Yechezkel 32:28, Yechezkel 32:29, Yechezkel 32:30; Iyov 14:12 (opp. קוּם, הֵקִיץ), שׁ׳ וְאֶשְׁקוֹט Iyov 3:13; be lying (dead) Yeshaya 51:20; Eicha 2:21.

especially in phr. שׁ׳ עִם אֲבוֹתָיו lie down with his fathers, of kings Melachim Alef 1:21; Melachim Alef 2:10 + 35 times K Ch, cf. Breishis 47:30 (J), Devarim 31:16, and (c. אֵת) Shmuel Beis 7:12.

in grave, בְּבֵיתוֹ Yeshaya 14:18 (opp. מִקִּבְרְךָ), שֹׁכְבֵי קֶבֶר Tehillim 88:6; לֶעָפָר Iyov 7:21, עַל־ע׳ Iyov 20:11; Iyov 21:26; in Sh^e’ôl Yechezkel 32:21; in Gehenna (?) Yeshaya 50:11.

fig. = relax: Iyov 30:17 my gnawing pains do not sleep; = have rest, לֹא שׁ׳ לִבּוֹ Koheles 2:23. †Niph.Pu. = be lain with (sexually; subj. woman), only as Qr for Kt [שָׁגֵל] Niph.Pu. q.v. †Hiph. lay, Pf. 3 fs. הִשְׁכִּיבָה c. acc. puer. + בְּחֵיק Melachim Alef 3:20, so Impf. 3 fs. sf. וַתַּשְׁכִּיבֵהוּ v Melachim Alef 3:20, cf. (עַל־מִטָּה) Melachim Alef 17:19 Melachim Beis 4:21; Inf. abs. הַשְׁכֵּב אוֹתָם אַ֫רְצָה Shmuel Beis 8:2 making them lie down on ground; Impf. also lay בַּמִּשְׁכָּב Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:14 (of burial); נִבְלֵי שָׁמַיִם מִי יַשְׁכִּיב Iyov 38:37 i.e. tip them so that contents may flow out (cf. Arabic سَكَبَ supra). †Hoph. Pt. מֻשְׁכָּב Melachim Beis 4:32 laid עַל־מִטָּה; Pf. consec. וְהֻשְׁכַּב Yechezkel 32:32 shall be laid (in death), c. בְּתוֹךְ et אֵת pers. (with); so Imv. ms. הָשְׁכְּבָה v Yechezkel 32:19 (c. אֵת pers. only).

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שְׁכָבָה

n.f. act of lying, layer;—only cstr. שִׁכְבַת;—

act of lying, as acc. cogn. c. שׁכב 3: שִׁכְבַת־זָ֑רַע Vayikra 15:18 (P) a man lies with her a lying of seed (in copulation), cf. Vayikra 19:20 (H) Bamidbar 5:13 (P); then (= semen), תֵּצֵא שִׁכְבַת־זָ֑רַע Vayikra 15:16, Vayikra 15:32 (P) Vayikra 22:4 (H) (+ מִמֶּנּוּ), שׁ׳ ז׳ alone Vayikra 15:17 (P).

layer of dew, שִׁכְבַת הַטָּ֑ל Shemos 16:13, Shemos 16:14 (P).

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שָׁכַח

vb. forget (NH id.; Ecclus Ben Sira 45:26^c and (Pi.) Ben Sira 11:25^(×2); Aramaic שְׁכַח, ܫܟܰܚ is find);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Tehillim 9:13 +, sf. שְׁכֵחָ֑נִי Yeshaya 49:14; 2 fs. שָׁכַחַתְּ Yirmiya 13:25; 1 pl. sf. שְׁכַחֲנוּךָ Tehillim 44:18, etc.; Impf. יִשְׁכַּח Devarim 4:31 +, etc.; Imv. fs. שִׁכְחִי Tehillim 45:11; Inf. abs. שָׁכֹחַ; Pt. pl. cstr. שֹׁכְחֵי Iyov 8:13 Tehillim 50:22;—forget:

subj. man,

acc. rei Breishis 27:45 (E), Devarim 4:9; Devarim 9:7 (opp. זָכַר) +, = forget and leave, ב loc., Devarim 24:19; c. obj. cl. c. כִּי Iyov 39:15; c. מִן inf. Tehillim 102:5.

c. acc. pers., involving forgetting to mention, Breishis 40:23 (E; opp. זכר), ceasing to care for Yirmiya 30:14 (fig.), Yeshaya 49:15^(×2) (acc. om.), v Yeshaya 49:15 Iyov 19:14 Tehillim 45:11; c. acc. Jerusalem Tehillim 137:5; יִשְׁכָּחֵהוּ רֶחֶם Iyov 24:20; abs. Tehillim 137:5 תִּשְׁכַּח יְמִינִי: AE Ki supply הַמַּעֲשֶׂה or הַנִּגּוּן (whence AV her cunning), but forced: 𝔊 תִּשָּׁכַח; read prob. (Gr Bu al.) תִּכְחַשׁ let it grow lean (Tehillim 109:24, cf. Zecharia 11:17), or (Che) תְּכַחֵשׁ let it disappoint (me), fail (Chavakuk 3:17).

especially c. acc. י׳ (God), Hoshea 2:15; Hoshea 8:14; Hoshea 13:6; Shoftim 3:7; Shmuel Alef 12:9; Yeshaya 17:10; Devarim 8:19 (שָׁכֹהַ תִּשׁ׳) + 16 times (5 times Dt, 4 times Je), + Tehillim 59:12 (acc. om.); also acc. of divine name Yirmiya 23:27 (בַּבַּעַל), Tehillim 44:21; commands of י׳ Hoshea 4:6; Devarim 26:13 (acc. om.) Tehillim 119:16 + 7 times Tehillim 119, his doings and ways, v Tehillim 119:139; Tehillim 78:7, Tehillim 78:11; Tehillim 103:2; Tehillim 106:13, his covenant Devarim 4:23, Devarim 4:31; Melachim Beis 17:38; Mishlei 2:17; law of wisdom Mishlei 3:1, sc. acc. בִּינָה Mishlei 4:6.

subj. י׳ (God):

acc. pers. Hoshea 4:6 Shmuel Alef 1:11 (opp. זָכַר), Eicha 5:20; Yeshaya 49:14 (‖ עָזַב), Tehillim 10:12; Tehillim 13:2; Tehillim 42:10.

acc. of sins Amos 8:7 Tehillim 10:11 (acc. om.), cry Tehillim 9:13 (opp. זָכַר), cf., of distress, Tehillim 44:25.

voice of foes Tehillim 74:23.

sq. inf. Tehillim 77:10.

Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁכַּה Koheles 9:5, etc.; Impf. יִשָּׁכַח Tehillim 9:19, 3 fs. תִּשָּׁכֵחַ Yirmiya 20:11, etc.; Pt. fs. נִשְׁכָּחָה Yeshaya 23:16, נִשְׁכַּחַת v Yeshaya 23:15, pl. נִשְׁכָּחִים Iyov 28:4;—be forgotten: subj. rei Breishis 41:30 (E), Devarim 31:21; Yirmiya 20:11; Yirmiya 23:40; Yirmiya 50:5; Yeshaya 65:11; subj. pers. Tehillim 9:19; Tehillim 31:13; Koheles 2:16, Tyre Yeshaya 23:15, Yeshaya 23:16 (under fig. of harlot), subj. זִכְרָם Koheles 9:5; הַנִּשׁ׳ מִנִּי רָ֑גֶל Iyov 28:4.

Pf. 3 ms. שִׁכַּח י׳ וגו׳ Eicha 2:6 י׳ hath caused to forget (be forgotten) in Zion assembly and sabbath.

Inf. לְהַשְׁכִּיחַ Yirmiya 23:27 to make my people forget my name (2 acc.).

Impf. 3 mpl. יִשְׁתַּכְּחוּ Koheles 8:10 they were forgotten in the city.

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שָׁכֹל

vb. be bereaved (= Arabic ثَكِلَ, 𝔗 תְּכוֹל, תְּכֵל; cf. Syriac ܬܟܳܠܴܐ loss of children);—

Pf. 1 s. כַּאֲשֶׁר שָׁכֹלְתִּי שָׁכָ֑לְתִּי Breishis 43:14 (E) if I am bereaved, I am bereaved (of father, expr. resignation; on כָ֑לְ v. Ges^{§ 29 u}); Impf. 1 s. אֶשְׁכַּל Breishis 27:45 (E), c. acc. pers. be bereaved of you both (of mother); 3 fs. תִּשְׁכַּל מִנָּשִׁים אִמֶּ֑ךָ Shmuel Alef 15:33 thy mother shall be bereaved above (more than) women.

Pf. 3 fs. שִׁכְּלָה Shmuel Alef 15:33 +, sf. וְשִׁכְּלָ֑תָּה Yechezkel 14:15, etc.; Impf. 3 fs. תְּשַׁכֵּל Devarim 32:25 +, 2 fs. תְּשַׁכְּלִי Yechezkel 36:14 Qr (v. כָּשַׁל Pi.); Inf. cstr. sf. לְשַׁכְּלָם v Yechezkel 36:12; Pt. מְשַׁכֵּלָה Shemos 23:26, -כֶּ֫לֶת Yechezkel 36:13, -כָּ֑לֶת Melachim Beis 2:19, Melachim Beis 2:21;—

make childless, acc. of father Breishis 42:36 (E), of mothers Shmuel Alef 15:33 (subj. חֶרֶב), cf. Vayikra 26:22 Yechezkel 5:17 (subj. famine and beasts), and Yechezkel 14:15 (id.; obj. land); acc. of people Hoshea 9:12 (מֵאָדָם), Yirmiya 15:7 (+ אִבַּדְתִּי), Yechezkel 36:12, cf. v Yechezkel 36:13, Yechezkel 36:14 (v. supra); obj. om. (subj. חֶרֶב) Devarim 32:25; Eicha 1:20; Yechezkel 21:19 (Co, for תִּכָּפֵל, v. כָּפַל p. 495b; otherwise Toy Krae).

cause barrenness, or abortion, הָאָרֶץ מְשַׁכְּ׳ Melachim Beis 2:19, cf. v Melachim Beis 2:21 (Thes otherwise, v. מְשׁ׳ infra).

shew abortion, (1) of any female Shemos 23:26 (E; + עֲקָרָה), animals Breishis 31:38 (E); Iyov 21:10; (2) of vine Malachi 3:11.

Pt. רֶחֶם (וְשָׁדַיִם צֹמְקִים) מַשְׁכִּיל Hoshea 9:14 miscarrying womb.—Yirmiya 50:9 read מַשְׂכִּיל successful, 𝔊 𝔖 Heb Codd. Ew Hi Gf Gie.

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שְׁכוֹל

n.[m.] bereavement, loss of children;—לֹא אֵדַע שׁ׳ Yeshaya 47:8 (‖ אַלְמָנָה), cf. v Yeshaya 47:9; fig. Tehillim 35:12.

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שָׁכוּל

adj. childless (through bereavement);—fs. שְׁכוּלָה Yeshaya 49:21 (fig. of Zion);—on form v. Ba^{NB 47}.

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שַׁכּוּל

adj. bereaved, robbed of offspring (Ba ^{§ 37 c});—especially דֹּב שׁ׳ Shmuel Beis 17:8; Hoshea 13:8; Mishlei 17:12 (sim. of fierceness); נְשֵׁיהֶם שַׁכֻּלוֹת Yirmiya 18:21; שַׁבֻּלָה אֵין בָּהֶם Shir HaShirim 4:2 (of flock, in sim.) = Shir HaShirim 6:6.

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שְׁכֶם

n.m.^{Tzefania 3:9} shoulder;—abs. שׁ׳ Breishis 48:22 +, שְׁכֶ֑ם Breishis 33:19 +, שֶׁ֑כֶם Tehillim 21:13 (whence orig. *šakm inferred Ol^{§ 147 a ad fin.} Sta^{§ 199 a}; but—ֶ der. from—ִ before ב, Ba^{NB 104} Kö^{ii. 1, 67, 506}); cstr. שְׁכֶם Breishis 9:23; sf. שִׁכְמוֹ Breishis 49:15 +, שִׁכְמָה (for שִׁכְמָהּ Ges^{§ 91 e}) Iyov 31:22, etc.;—

shoulder (sometimes incl. back of neck; כתף = shoulder-blade):

as bearing burdens, וַיֵּט שׁ׳ לִסְבֹּל Breishis 49:15 (poem in J; Issach. under fig. of ass), cf. Breishis 21:14 (E), Breishis 24:15, Breishis 24:45; Shemos 12:34, also Breishis 9:23 (all J), Yehoshua 4:5 (E), Shoftim 9:48; Yeshaya 10:27 (‖ צַוָּאר), Yeshaya 14:25 (both fig.), Tehillim 81:7, so, metaph., of responsibility of rule Yeshaya 9:5; Yeshaya 22:22 (symbolized by key), of accusation as (easy) burden Iyov 31:36; fig. also לְעָבְדוֹ שׁ׳ אֶחָד Tzefania 3:9 to serve him (with) one shoulder (as one man), cf. Syriac ܚܰܕ ܟܰܬܦܳܐ.

in statement of Saul’s height, מִשִּׁכְמוֹ וָמַ֫עְלָה גָּבֹהַּ מִכָּל־הָעָם Shmuel Alef 9:2, cf. Shmuel Alef 10:23 and (with play on n.pr.loc. שְׁכֶם) נָתַתִּי לְךָ שׁ׳ אַחַד עַל־אַחֶיךָ Breishis 48:22 (E; cf. Dr).

in gen. back: כְּהַפְנֹתוֹ שִׁכְמוֹ לָלֶכֶת מֵעִם Shmuel Alef 10:9; so תְּשִׁיתֵמוֹ שׁ׳ Tehillim 21:13, i.e. make them turn (in flight; cf. וְאוֹיְבַי נָתַתָּה לִי עֹרֶף Tehillim 18:41); as beaten מַטֵּה שׁ׳ Yeshaya 9:3 (‖ שֵׁבֶט הַנֹּגֵשׂ בּוֹ); more anatom. כְּתֵפִי מִשּׁ׳ תִפּוֹל Iyov 31:22 let my shoulder-blade fall from its back.—Hoshea 6:9 v. ii. שְׁכֶם.

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שְׁכֶם²

n.pr.loc.₄₉ et m.14 (Συχεμ; 𝔊L often Σίκιμα Lag^{BN 57}):

district in N. Palestine (prob. shoulder (saddle?) of mount.);—מְקוֹם שׁ׳ Breishis 12:6, שְׁכֶ֑מָה Breishis 37:14; = city (שְׁכֶם, שְׁכֶ֑מָה, Hoshea 6:9 שֶׁ֑כְמָה) Yehoshua 24:1; עִיר שׁ׳ Breishis 33:18; Shoftim 8:31 + 20 times Shoftim 9 (בַּעֲלֵי שׁ׳ v Shoftim 9:2 + 12 times, ב׳ מִגְדַּל־שׁ׳ v Shoftim 9:46, Shoftim 9:47), Hoshea 6:9 + 21 times (עִיר שׁ׳ Breishis 33:18); city of refuge Yehoshua 20:7; Yehoshua 21:21; Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:52.—WMM^{As. u. Eur. 394}, cp. Egypt. Sa-ka-mà (cf. Jen^{ZA x (1895) 356}); mod. Nablûs (from Rom. name Neapolis); v. Buhl^{G 200 f.} GASm^{G 332 ff. 345} Wilson^{Hast. DB shechem}.

n.pr.m. (on connexion with 1 cf. Shoftim 9:28), ‘son’ of Ḥamor, also Breishis 33:19; Breishis 34:2 + 10 times 34, Yehoshua 24:32.

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שֶׁ֫כֶם

n.pr.m. in Manasseh (Συχεμ): Bamidbar 26:31; Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:19; בְּנֵי־שׁ׳ Yehoshua 17:2.

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שָׁכַן

vb. settle down, abide, dwell (NH id.; Ecclus Ben Sira 43:17 +; Ph. שכן Lzb³⁷⁵; Aramaic שְׁכֵין; Syriac ܫܟܶܢ, all dwell; Arabic سَكَنَ rest, dwell, cf. Assyrian šakânu, set, lay, deposit, set up (a dwelling), intrans. be situated (of city), maškanu, place, dwelling-place);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Shemos 40:35 + 5 times; שָׁכֵ֑ן Devarim 33:12 + 2 times, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁכֹּן Breishis 16:12 +; יִשְׁכָּן־ Bamidbar 9:17 + 2 times; 3 mpl. יִשְׁכֹּ֑נוּ Yirmiya 49:31; Yirmiya 49:3 fpl. תִּשְׁכֹּ֑נָּה Yechezkel 17:23, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁכֹן Breishis 26:2 Tehillim 37:27; שְׁכָן־ v Tehillim 37:3; mpl. שִׁכְנוּ Yirmiya 48:28; Inf. cstr. בִּשְׁכֹּן (Ges^{§ 45 g}) Breishis 35:22, לִשְׁכּוֹן Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:1, etc.; sf. שָׁכְנִי Shemos 29:46; שִׁכְנוֹ Devarim 12:5 (but v. Pi. 1), etc.; Pt. שֹׁכֵן Breishis 14:13 +, שֹׁכְנִי (Ges^{§ 90 l m}) Devarim 33:16 + 3 times; sf. fs. שֹׁכַנְתְּי Yirmiya 51:13; Pt. pass. appar. pl. cstr. c. art. הַשְּׁכוּנֵי Shoftim 8:11 (but corrupt, n.pr.loc. needed, v. GFM):—

settle down to abide:

of pers.: encamp Bamidbar 24:2 (E); settle permanently Tehillim 102:29 (abs.: ‖ יִכּוֹן); שׁ׳ כמלך Iyov 29:25 (‖ ישׁב); settle down (to remain) Shoftim 5:17; תַּחְתָּיו Shmuel Beis 7:10 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 17:9 (not to be removed); especially at rest, peace, in security, לבטח Yirmiya 23:6; Yirmiya 33:16; Devarim 33:12, cf. בין כתפים v Devarim 33:12; Tehillim 16:9 (‖ שׂמח); בטח Devarim 33:28 Mishlei 1:33; (ל)בדד Bamidbar 23:9 (poem) Yirmiya 49:31; Micha 7:14; land of Egypt Yirmiya 46:26 (remain undisturbed), so Yirmiya 50:39; Yeshaya 13:20 (‖ תֵּשֵׁב, cf. ישׁב 4); c. acc. מרומים Yeshaya 33:16; abs. Nachum 3:18, subj. אדּירים (We יָֽשְׁנוּ, Now יִשְׁכְּבוּ; ‖ נָמוּ); Mishlei 7:11 her feet tarry not in her house.

of animals: כְּלָבִיא Devarim 33:20; ב loc. Yeshaya 34:11; Iyov 37:8; שָׁם Yeshaya 13:21; birds שׁ׳ תַּחַת (under) Yechezkel 17:23, שׁ׳ בְּצֵל, v Yechezkel 17:23; c. עַל = upon Yechezkel 31:13, = by Tehillim 104:12; c. acc. סֶלַע Iyov 39:28; abs., of man under fig. of bird, אָע֫וּפָה וְאֶשְׁכֹּ֑נָה Tehillim 55:7.

things: c. עַל of cloud, Iyov 3:5 settle down over; cf. Shemos 24:16; Shemos 40:35; Bamidbar 9:17, Bamidbar 9:18, Bamidbar 9:22 (all P); c. בְּ Bamidbar 10:12 (P).

abide, dwell:

of men: abs. Tehillim 37:27 (לְעוֹלָם); שָׁ֫מָּה Yeshaya 65:9; c. ב loc. Tehillim 69:37 Iyov 18:15; Iyov 30:6; Micha 4:10; Yirmiya 48:28 + 10 times; לְחוֹף יַמִּים Breishis 49:13; c. עַל, by Shoftim 5:17; Yirmiya 51:13; upon Tehillim 37:29; על פני Breishis 16:12 (J); c. עִם with Tehillim 120:5, Tehillim 120:6; c. acc. Mishlei 2:21 Yirmiya 17:6 + 5 times; מִן … עַד Breishis 25:18 (J); שֹׁכְנֵי אָ֑רֶץ Yeshaya 18:3 (‖ ישְׁבֵי תֵבֵל).

of the dead: שֹׁכְנֵי עָפָר Yeshaya 26:19 (‖ רְפָאִים); cf. Iyov 26:5 (‖ id.), so mortals, שֹׁכְנֵי בָתֵּי חֹמֶר Iyov 4:19; שׁ׳ דוּמָה Tehillim 94:17 (i.e. שׁאול).

of God: שׁ׳ בָּֽעֲרָפֶל Melachim Alef 8:12 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:1 (poem); מָרוֹם Yeshaya 33:5; עַד Yeshaya 57:15; מָרוֹם וְקָדוֹשׁ v Yeshaya 33:15; שׁ׳ סְנֶה Devarim 33:16 (theoph.); בְּאָֽהֳלֵי־שֵׁם Breishis 9:27 (J, v. Br^{MP 82}; al. Japheth subj.); בְּתוֹכָם Shemos 25:8; Shemos 29:46; Bamidbar 5:3 (all P), Yechezkel 43:9; c. בְּתוֹךְ elsewhere Shemos 29:45 (P) + 6 times; ב loc. Tehillim 85:10; later בְּצִיּוֹן Yoel 4:17, Yoel 4:21; בְּהַר צִיּוֹן Yeshaya 8:18; Tehillim 68:17, Tehillim 68:19 (abs.) + 4 times; שֹׁכֵן יְרוּשָׁלַםִ Tehillim 135:21.

things: אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד, c. את Vayikra 16:16 (P); מִשְׁכַּן י׳ שָׁם Yehoshua 22:19 (P); אוֹר Iyov 38:19.

abstr. subj.: מִשְׁפָּט Yeshaya 32:16 (בַּמִּדְבָּר); חָכְמָה, c. acc. עָרְמָה Mishlei 8:12.

Pf. 3 ms. שִׁכֵּן Tehillim 78:60; 1 s. שִׁכַּנְתִּי Yirmiya 7:7, Yirmiya 7:12; Impf. 1 s. אֲשַׁכְּנָה Yirmiya 7:3; Inf. cstr. שַׁכֵּן Bamidbar 14:30 + 7 times; sf. שַׁכְּנוֹ Devarim 12:5 (so read for MT לְשִׁכְנוֹ, cf. Kö^{ii. 1. 21});—

make settle down, establish: אֹהֶל שׁ׳ בָּֽאָדָֽם Tehillim 78:60; especially in Dt, לְשַׁכֵּן שְׁמוֹ שָׁם establish his name there (cf. šakan šuma as Canaanism Wkl^{TelAm. 138 Rev. 20; 181. 6}) Devarim 12:11; Devarim 14:23; Devarim 16:2, Devarim 16:6, Devarim 16:11; Devarim 26:2, cf. Yirmiya 7:12 Nechemia 1:9; + לָשׂוּם אֶת־שְׁמוֹ שָׁם לְשִׁכְנוֹ Devarim 12:5 (read לְשַׁכְּנוֹ).

make to dwell: c. acc. pers., ב loc., Bamidbar 14:30 (J) Yirmiya 7:3, Yirmiya 7:7.

Pf. 1 s. הִשְׁכַּ֫נְתִּי Yechezkel 32:4; Impf. 3 ms. juss. יַשְׁכֵּן Tehillim 7:6, וַיַּשְׁכֵּן Breishis 3:24 Tehillim 78:55, etc.;—

lay, כבודי לעפר Tehillim 7:6 lay my honour in the dust (of death); place, set, Breishis 3:24 (J); place, establish, אהל מועד at Shilo Yehoshua 18:1 (P).

cause birds to settle, עַל Yechezkel 32:4.

cause to dwell, c. acc. pers., ב loc., Tehillim 78:55; cf. Iyov 11:14.

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שָׁכֵן

adj. inhabitant, neighbour;—שׁ׳ Yeshaya 33:24 +; cstr. שְׁכַן Hoshea 10:5; sf. שְׁכֵנוֹ Shemos 12:4; שְׁכֵנָ֑יִכְי֯ Melachim Beis 4:3, etc.; f. sf. שְׁכֶנְתָּהּ Shemos 3:22; fpl. שְׁכֵנוֹת Rus 4:17;—

inhabitant, Yeshaya 33:24 Hoshea 10:5.

neighbour: woman Shemos 3:22 (E); pl. Rus 4:17; man Shemos 12:4 (P) Yirmiya 6:21; Mishlei 27:10, pl. Melachim Beis 4:3; of places Devarim 1:7; nations, to Judah Yechezkel 16:26 Tehillim 79:12; הֶרְפָּה לִשְׁכֵנֵי(נוּ) Tehillim 44:14; Tehillim 79:4, cf. Tehillim 31:12; Tehillim 89:42; מָדוֹן לשׁ׳ Tehillim 80:7; to Edom Yirmiya 49:10; to Sodom v Yirmiya 49:18; Yirmiya 50:40; to י׳ Yirmiya 11:14 (because to people).

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שָׁכַר

vb. be, or become, drunk, drunken (NH id., der. spec. and deriv.; Ecclus Ben Sira 40:18, Ben Sira 40:20 שכר strong drink; Arabic سَكِرَ be drunken, also be full, سَكَرَ fill; Assyrian šikaru, = שֵׁכָר, šakkûru, drunken, perhaps also vb. šakâru; Ethiopic ሰክረ: Aramaic שִׁכְרָא, ܫܰܟܪܳܐ = שֵׁכָר, especially date-wine (Löw ^{p. 125}), cf. ܫܟܰܪ be drunken, usually (der. spec.) defile, deform, etc.; from שֵׁכָר, Egyptian ṯà-k-ï̥ra WMM^{As. u. Eur. 102}, Gk. σίκερα Lewy^{Fremdw. 81});—

Pf. 3 pl. שָֽׁכְרוּ Yeshaya 29:9; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁכָּ֑ר Breishis 9:21, 3 mpl. יִשְׁכָּר֑וּן Yeshaya 49:26, etc.; Imv. mpl. שִׁכְרוּ Yirmiya 25:27 Shir HaShirim 5:1; Inf. cstr. לְשָׁכְרָה Chaggai 1:6; Pt. pass. שְׁכֻרַת Yeshaya 51:21 (Ges^{§ 130 b} Lag^{BN 60});—become drunken Breishis 9:21 (J), of social drinking Breishis 43:34 (J), Shir HaShirim 5:1, token of plenty Chaggai 1:6; fig. of nations staggering helplessly under calamity Yirmiya 25:27; Yirmiya 51:21 (וְלֹא מִיָּ֑יִן), Nachum 3:11; of infatuation Yeshaya 29:9 (וְלֹא יַיִן), of disgrace Eicha 4:21, self-destruction, כֶּעָסִיס דָּמָם יִשׁ׳ Yeshaya 49:26.

make drunken: Impf. 3 ms. sf. וַיְשַׁכְּרֵהוּ Shmuel Beis 11:13, lit.; fig. 1 s. (sf. of people) וַאֲשַׁכְּרֵם (read וָ׳) Yeshaya 63:6 (subj. י׳) I made them drunk in my wrath (but MSS Ges Hi Ew Che Kit Marti al. וָאֲשַׁבְּרֵם I brake them in pieces); Pt. fs., of Bab., מְשַׁכֶּרֶת כָּל־הָאָרֶץ Yirmiya 51:7; cf. Inf. abs. שַׁכֵּר Chavakuk 2:15 (i. e. terrorizing nations; read prob. הַשְׁקֵה וְאַף שׁ׳ We Now).

id.: Pf. 1 s. וְהִשְׁכַּרְתִּ֫י Yirmiya 51:57 (subj. י׳) i.e. make princes helpless, וְהִשְׁכַּרְתִּים v Yirmiya 51:39; Imv. mpl. sf. הַשְׁכִּירֻהוּ, obj. Moab, i.e. make helpless and disgraced Yirmiya 48:26; Impf. 1 s. אַשְׁכִּיר חִצַּי מִדָּם Devarim 32:42.—Ruben^{JQ xi (1899), 446} proposes מַשְׁכִּירוֹת Hoshea 7:5 for משׁך ידו את.

Impf. 2 fs. תִּשְׁתַּכָּרִין Shmuel Alef 1:14 how long wilt thou make thyself drunken [a drunken spectacle]?

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שֵׁכָר

n.[m.] intoxicating drink, strong drink (Ba^{NB § 71});—always שׁ׳ abs.; usually ‖ יַיִן (except Tehillim 69:13): Yeshaya 29:9; usually condemned, Yeshaya 5:11, Yeshaya 5:22; Yeshaya 28:7^(×3); Yeshaya 56:12 (נִסְבְּאָה שׁ׳), Micha 2:11; Shmuel Alef 1:15; Mishlei 20:1; forbidden to priests on duty Vayikra 10:9 (P); not for princes Mishlei 31:4; nor Nazirite Bamidbar 6:3; Shoftim 13:4, Shoftim 13:7, Shoftim 13:14, cf. חֹמֶץ שׁ׳ Bamidbar 6:3; שׁוֹתֵי שׁ׳ Tehillim 69:13 drunkards; but שׁ׳ as common drink Devarim 29:5 (opp. to miraculous), allowable in sacrif. meal Devarim 14:26, commended for weak and weary Mishlei 31:6; נֶסֶךְ שׁ׳ Bamidbar 28:7 (P; for יַיִן v Bamidbar 28:14 +); v. further Kennedy^{Ency. Bib. iv. 5309 f.}.—On form cf. Lag^{M ii. 357;BN 51}.

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שִׁכֹּר

adj. drunken (Ba^{NB § 134 b});—abs. שִׁכֹּר Shmuel Alef 25:36, שִׁכּוֹר Melachim Alef 16:9 +, f. שִׁכֹּרָה Shmuel Alef 1:13, pl. שִׁכּוֹרִים Yoel 1:5, cstr. שִׁכֹּרֵי Yeshaya 28:1; Yeshaya 28:3;—drunken: Shmuel Alef 25:36, אִישׁ שׁ׳ Yirmiya 23:9, שֹׁתֶה שׁ׳ Melachim Alef 16:9 drinking (and) drunken, Melachim Alef 20:16; as subst. = drunken one, drunkard Yeshaya 28:1, Yeshaya 28:3 Mishlei 26:9, pl. Yoel 1:5 (‖ שֹׁתֵי יַיִן); in sim. Yeshaya 19:14; Iyov 12:25 Tehillim 107:27, and (of earth) Yeshaya 24:20; f. of drunken woman Shmuel Alef 1:13.

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שִׁכָּרוֹן

n.[m.] drunkenness;—שׁ׳ only fig.: Yirmiya 13:13; Yechezkel 23:33 (Co Berthol Krae שִׁבָּרוֹן, not Toy), both of bewilderment and helplessness under calamity; from drinking blood Yechezkel 39:19.—Vid. Lag^{BN 202, cf. 199}.

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שֶׁ֫לֶג

n.m.^{Yeshaya 55:10} snow;—abs. שׁ׳ Yeshaya 1:18 +, שָׁ֑לֶג Shemos 4:6 +; cstr. שֶׁ֫לֶג Yirmiya 18:14;—snow, Shmuel Beis 23:20 (יוֹם הַשּׁ׳) = Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:22, Iyov 6:16; Iyov 37:6 (‖ גֶּשֶׁם מָטָר), Tehillim 147:16; Tehillim 148:8 (+ אֵשׁ, בָּרָד, קִיטוֹר); מֵימֵי שׁ׳ Iyov 24:19, cf. Iyov 9:30 Qr (בְּמֵי, < Qr בְּמוֹ De Di Bu al., snow as purifying; v. also [מַי]); poet. אֹצְרוֹת שׁ׳ Iyov 38:22 (‖ א׳ בָּרָד; symb. of cold Mishlei 31:21; as moistening, fertilizing Yeshaya 55:10 (‖ גֶּשֶׁם); on mountains, fig. of normal habit, שׁ׳ לְבָנוֹן Yirmiya 18:14; sim. of whiteness, of leprosy Shemos 4:6 (J), Bamidbar 12:10 (E), Melachim Beis 5:27; c. מִן comp., of fair skin Eicha 4:7 (‖ חָלָב); sim. of sins, כַּשּׁ׳ יַלְבִּינוּ Yeshaya 1:18, cf. Tehillim 51:9 (מִן comp.); sim. of refreshment Mishlei 25:13 (drink cooled by snow, v. reff. in De Toy), of the unfitting כַּשּׁ׳ בַּקַיִץ Mishlei 26:1 (‖ מָטָר).—On snow in Pal. v. Nicol^{Hast. DB snow}.

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שָׁלָה

vb. be quiet, at ease (Ecclus Ben Sira 47:13 שלוה prosperity, 41:^lc שליו prosperous, at ease; ܫܠܴܐ be tranquil, quiet, cease; 𝔗 שְׁלָא, שְׁלִי be at ease, then be careless, thoughtless, go astray [for Heb. שָׁגָה, שָׁגַג

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שָׁ֫לוּ

n.[m.

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שֵׁלָה

v. שְׁאֵלָה.

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שֵׁלָה²

n.pr.m. son of Judah, Σηλωμ[ν]: Breishis 38:5, Breishis 38:11, Breishis 38:14, Breishis 38:26 (J), Breishis 46:12 (P); Bamidbar 26:20 (P), Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:3; Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:21.

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שָׁלֵו

(Lag^{BN 43}), שָׁלֵיו, שְׁלֵיו adj. quiet, at ease;—

of pers. at ease, שָׁלֵו Iyov 16:12, שָׁלֵיו Iyov 21:23 (Kö^{ii. 1, 83}); of nation, שְׁלֵיו (poss. diminutive Kö^{ii. 1. 144}) Yirmiya 49:31 (‖ יוֹשֵׁב לָבֶטַח); prosperous, of city fs. שְׁלִוָה Zecharia 7:7; of wicked, mpl. cstr. וְשַׁלְוֵי עוֹלָם Tehillim 73:12 (Renan^{H. iii. 131} proposes יִשְׁלָיוּ עֲוִילִים).

of land, quiet, שְׁלֵוָה Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:40 (‖ שֹׁקֶטֶת).

in לֹא יָדַע שָׁלֵו בְּבִטְנוֹ Iyov 20:20 שׁ׳ is appar. n.abstr. quiet, ease, so Di De al., read שַׁלְוָה Siegf Bu, Du (after 𝔊) לֹא שָׁלֵו בְּמַטְמֹנוֹ; שָׁלֵו Yechezkel 23:42 is corrupt, Hi Co Berthol (cf. Da) שָׁרוּ sang, Toy שָׁרִים, Krae שִׁרִים.

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שַׁלְוָה

n.f. quietness, ease;—abs. שׁ׳ Tehillim 122:7 +; cstr. שַׁלְוַת Yechezkel 16:49; Mishlei 1:32; pl. sf. שַׁלְוֹתַ֫יִךְ Yirmiya 22:21 (< שַׁלְוָתֵךְ Vrss Gie);—quietness, peace, Mishlei 17:1 (opp. רִיב), Tehillim 122:7 (‖ שָׁלוֹם); ease, careless security, Yechezkel 16:49 (שַׁלְוַת הַשְׁקֵט), Mishlei 1:32; prosperity, Yirmiya 22:21; בְּשׁ׳ in (time of) security (of sudden attack), if not unawares Daniel 8:25; Daniel 11:21, Daniel 11:24 (Thes Ew Hi Ke al.); cf. ܡܶܢ ܣܒܶܠܝ lit. out of quiet, i.e. suddenly, unawares (e.g. The Book of Maccabees I (Kahana Translation) 1:30 = ἐξάπινα), מִן שִׁלְיָא 𝔗 Mishlei 3:25; Mishlei 6:15 (= פִּתְאֹם), Tehillim 30:7 v. [שָׁ֫לוּ].

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שָׁלָה²

vb. draw out, extract (si vera l.; = שָׁלַל; Syriac ܫܠܴܐ (e.g. Shemos 2:10), 𝔗^Jer שְׁלִי (e.g. Vayikra 11:17));—

Impf. 3 ms. apoc. (Ges§ ^{109 k}) כִּי יֵ֫שֶׁל אֱלוֹהַּ נַפְשׁוֹ Iyov 27:8 (De); < read יָשֹׁל, or יִשַּׁל (√ שׁלל) Di; Schnurrer We Siegf Bu Du יִשְׁאַל demandeth; Perles^{Anal. 48} יִשָּׂא אֶל־אֱלוֹהַּ.

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שִׁלוֹ

n.pr.loc. (orig. שִׁלוֹן, v. adj.gent. (otherwise Ba^{NB § 224 b}), which also shews that √ שׁול, שׁיל, was posited when text of K was fixed, cf. Dr Shmuel Beis 15:12);—שִׁלוֹ Shoftim 21:19; Shmuel Alef 1:24; Shmuel Alef 3:21; Shmuel Alef 14:3; Yirmiya 7:14 (on destruction of S. v. We Shmuel Beis 8:17), Yirmiya 26:9; Yirmiya 41:5, מִשְׁכַּן שׁ׳ Tehillim 78:60; שִׁילוֹ Shoftim 21:21^(×2); Yirmiya 7:12; שִׁלֹה Yehoshua 18:1, Yehoshua 18:8, Yehoshua 18:9, Yehoshua 18:10; Yehoshua 19:51; Yehoshua 21:2; Yehoshua 22:9, Yehoshua 22:12 (all P or R), Shoftim 18:31; Shoftim 21:12; Shmuel Alef 1:3, Shmuel Alef 1:9; Shmuel Alef 2:14; Shmuel Alef 3:21; Shmuel Alef 4:3, Shmuel Alef 4:4, Shmuel Alef 4:12; Melachim Alef 2:27; Melachim Alef 14:2, Melachim Alef 14:4; Yirmiya 26:6 (var. שִׁלוֹ in all these [21 times] given by Gi as Qr).—Σηλωμ, Σηλω(ν).—Mod. Seilûn, c. 9½ m. NNE. of Bethel, Buhl^{G. 178} Dr^{Hast.DB shiloh}. Also תַּאֲנַתשִׁלֹה; s. p. 1061.

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שַׁלְהֶ֫בֶת²

v. p. 529a supr.

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שָׁלַח

vb. send (NH id.; Ecclus Ben Sira 48:18 +; Aramaic שְׁלַח, ܫܠܰܚ, So^Buhl Ba^{ES 41} cp. Arabic سَرَحَ (r = l), send forth, drive cattle to pasture, send messenger, etc., but then diff. √ for i. שֶׁלַח, Arabic سِلَاحٌ, سِلَحٌ weapon; Assyrian prob. šalû (send, hurl?), whence tešlîtu, command);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Breishis 42:4 +, 2 ms. sf. שְׁלַחְתָּ֑נִי Shemos 5:22, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁלַח Breishis 3:22 +, 2 fpl. תִּשְׁלַ֫חְנָה Yechezkel 23:40 (Shoftim 5:26 read תִּשְׁלָחֶנָּה? Ovadia 1:3 תִּשְׁלַח יָד? Ges^{§ 47 k}); Imv. ms. שְׁלַח Shmuel Alef 20:31 +, mpl. שְׁלָ֑חוּ Melachim Beis 2:17; Inf. abs. שָׁל(וֹ)חַ Bamidbar 22:37 +; cstr. שְׁלֹחַ v Bamidbar 22:15 +, שְׁלַח Yeshaya 58:9, sf. שָׁלְחֶ֑ךָ Breishis 38:17, etc.; Pt. act. שֹׁלֵחַ Shemos 9:14 +, etc.; שָׁלוּחַ Melachim Alef 14:6 +, etc.;—

send: human subj., especially

acc. pers. Breishis 42:4; Breishis 43:8 (both J; c. אֵת with, pers.) Bamidbar 22:15 (E) + often, c. ל rei for which Yirmiya 14:3; Yirmiya 16:16; sq. אֶל pers. Breishis 37:13 (J), Shmuel Beis 11:6; Nechemia 6:5 +; rarely c. ל pers. Breishis 32:19 (J; pass.), אֶל loc. Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:4, ב loc. Shmuel Alef 11:3, acc. loc. Melachim Beis 22:3, -ה loc. Melachim Alef 5:28, -ה loc. + מֵעַל pers. Shmuel Beis 13:17, מִן loc. Breishis 37:14 (J), Bamidbar 13:3 (P), etc.; sq. inf. purpose Shmuel Alef 25:14 (+ מִן loc.), Melachim Beis 1:16 Yirmiya 40:14 +, אֶל pers. c. inf. purpose Shmuel Beis 10:3; Yirmiya 42:9 +, c. ו subord. Melachim Beis 5:6, c. vb. fin. actionis Shemos 2:5 (E), sent her maid and took, +, etc. (many combinations); acc. pers. alone Shemos 24:5 (E), Yehoshua 7:22 (E), Shmuel Beis 10:7 + often

less often acc. rei (sometimes c. בְּיַד of agent), c. אֶל pers. Shmuel Alef 16:20; Melachim Beis 5:5; Melachim Beis 20:12 +, Melachim Alef 5:23 (= designate by sending unto), ל pers. Shoftim 3:15; Melachim Alef 5:22 +, אֶל loc. Esther 1:22, שָׁ֫מָּה Melachim Beis 6:14; + inf. purpose Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:4; Esther 4:4; + vb. fin. action. Tehillim 105:28; acc. of kid, alone, Breishis 38:23 also (acc. om.) v Breishis 38:17, etc.

very often without obj.: + vb. fin. action., send and do so and so, Breishis 27:45 (E), Melachim Beis 11:4; Iyov 1:5 +; c. אֶל pers. Hoshea 5:13; Shmuel Beis 11:6 +, especially + לֵאמֹר Breishis 38:25 (J), Melachim Alef 20:5 (often S K), Yirmiya 29:28 +; c. inf. purpose Breishis 32:6 (J), Bamidbar 21:32 (J), Shmuel Alef 22:11 +, etc. (and so Shmuel Alef 31:9, reading וַיִּשְׁלְחוּ, for Pi., Th We Dr Now, not HPS Bu); abs. Melachim Beis 2:16, Melachim Beis 2:17; Shmuel Beis 14:29; = send to inquire Melachim Alef 20:17, etc.

send: subj. י׳ (God),

acc. pers. Breishis 45:5 (E; לִפְנֵי pers.), Shmuel Alef 15:18 (בְּדָ֑רֶךְ), + אֶל pers. Shmuel Beis 12:1; acc. of angel, לִפְנֵי pers. Breishis 24:7; Shemos 33:2 (both J), אֵת with Breishis 24:40 (J), etc.; c. acc. pers. = commission Shemos 3:12 (E), Shoftim 6:14; Yeshaya 6:8; Yirmiya 14:14, Yirmiya 14:15 + often Je, Zecharia 2:13 +; also (c. אֶל pers.) Shemos 3:13 (E), Yirmiya 25:4; Yechezkel 3:6 +, etc.; especially of sending prophet, (שָׁלַח), הַשְׁכֵּם וְשָׁלוֹחַ Yirmiya 7:25 + (v. [שָׁכַם]); acc. pers. + inf. purpose Shmuel Alef 15:1; Yirmiya 19:14 +; + עַד loc. Melachim Beis 2:2, acc. loc. v Melachim Beis 2:4, ה—ָ loc. v Melachim Beis 2:6, etc.

c. acc. rei, plagues Shemos 9:14 (c. אֶל־לֵב, ב pers.), fig. arrows Shmuel Beis 22:15 = Tehillim 18:15 (+ vb. fin. action.), Tehillim 144:6, cf. Yirmiya 25:16 al.; his word Yeshaya 9:7 (ב gent.), Yeshaya 55:11 (אשׁר to which), Zecharia 7:12 (ב agent.), Tehillim 107:20 (+ vb. fin. action.), Tehillim 147:15 (+ acc. אֶרֶץ); acc. help Tehillim 20:3 (מִן loc.), light and truth Tehillim 43:3 (+ vb. fin. action.), cf. Tehillim 57:4.

stretch out, especially acc. hand:

human subj., c. ב pers. against, Breishis 37:22 (E), Shmuel Alef 24:11; Esther 2:21 +; c. ב rei (property of others) Shemos 22:7, Shemos 22:10 (E), Esther 9:10 +, בַּחַלָּמִישׁ Iyov 28:9; c. אֶל pers. against Breishis 22:12 (E), Shmuel Beis 18:12, עַל pers. Melachim Alef 13:4, etc.; אֶל rei (for good) Shmuel Beis 6:6 (יָד om.); from outside, inward, Shir HaShirim 5:4 (מִן loc.); abs. Iyov 30:24 (read טֹבֵעַ for בְּעִי Di Bi Bu). + inf. purpose Shmuel Alef 22:17; Shmuel Beis 1:14; Divrei HaYamim Alef 13:9; + vb. fin. act. Breishis 3:22 (J) Devarim 25:11; Shoftim 15:15 +; שׁ׳ אֶצְבַּע Yeshaya 58:9, in token of scorn; c. acc. of rod Shmuel Alef 14:27; שִׁלֳחוּ מַגָּל Yoel 4:13 stretch out (the) sickle.

י׳ subj., acc. hand, + אֶל pers. against Shemos 24:11 (E), cf. (עַל) Tehillim 138:7; + vb. fin. act. †Shemos 3:20 (JE), Shemos 9:15 (J), Iyov 1:11; Iyov 2:5; in favour, Yirmiya 1:9, abs. Tehillim 144:7 (מִן loc.), also (pass.) Yechezkel 2:9 and (acc. תַּבְנִית יָד), Yechezkel 8:3.

acc. hand, subj. angel, + acc. loc., inf. purpose Shmuel Beis 24:16, cherub, אֶל rei, מִן loc. Yechezkel 10:7; adversary, אֶל pers. Iyov 1:12; subj. angle, acc. rod Shoftim 6:21.

stretched out, slender, of tree Breishis 49:21 (poem in J), v. i. אֵלָה supr. p. 18b.

perhaps extend, direct, acc. rei Yechezkel 8:17 (v. זְמוֹרָה supr. p. 274b, also conj. in Toy Krae).

rarely send away (v. Pi.): human subj., acc. pers. Shoftim 11:38 (+ acc. temp.), Breishis 28:5 (P).

let loose (v. Pi.), perhaps only Tehillim 50:19 (fig.) thy mouth hast thou let loose in evil.

Inf. abs. וְנִשְׁלוֹחַ סְפָרִים = letters were sent (Ges^{§ 114 z gg}) Esther 3:13 (+ אֶל pers., בְּיַד agent., inf. purpose).

Pf. 3 ms. שִׁלַּח Shemos 8:28 +, sf. שִׁלַּחֲךָ Shmuel Alef 20:22, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׁלַּח Yirmiya 3:1 +, יְשַׁלֵּ֑חַ Yeshaya 45:13; Mishlei 6:14; 1 s. sf. אֲשַׁלֵּחֲךָ Breishis 32:27, אֲשַׁלְּחֶ֫ךָּ Shmuel Beis 11:12 Melachim Alef 20:34, etc.; Imv. ms. שַׁלַּח Shemos 4:23 +, etc.; Inf. abs. Devarim 22:7 Melachim Alef 11:22; cstr. שַׁלַּח Breishis 8:10 +, שַׁלֵּ֑חַ Shemos 7:27 +, etc.; Pt. מְשַׁלֵּחַ Breishis 43:4 +, etc.;—

send off, away, human subj.:

acc. pers. + ל loc. Yehoshua 24:28 (E), Shoftim 7:8; Shmuel Alef 10:25 +; + ל pers. Yirmiya 48:12; + -ה loc. Shoftim 12:9 and (c. inf. purpose) Breishis 28:6 (P); acc. of goat, לַעֲזָאזֵל Vayikra 16:10 (-ה loc.), v Vayikra 16:26; send out, different ways, acc. pers., ב loc. Shoftim 19:29; Shoftim 20:6; send into exile, י׳ subj., c. מִן loc. Yirmiya 24:5, -ה loc. Yirmiya 29:20.

send away, dismiss, acc. pers. Breishis 21:14 (E), Breishis 25:6 (J; מֵעַל pers.), Shmuel Beis 13:16 +; specif., c. acc. of wife (= divorce), Devarim 22:19, Devarim 22:29; Devarim 24:1, Devarim 24:3; Yirmiya 3:1 +, abs. Malachi 2:16.

send away empty (-handed) רֵיקָם, + acc. pers. Breishis 31:41 (E), Devarim 15:13; Iyov 22:9.

send off, give a ‘send-off’ (sometimes escort part way), acc. pers., Breishis 18:16; Breishis 24:59; Breishis 31:27 (all J), Shmuel Alef 9:26; Shmuel Beis 19:32; Melachim Beis 5:24; Melachim Beis 6:23; Ovadia 1:7.

acc. rei Shmuel Alef 6:8 Nechemia 8:12 +, c. acc. loc. Shmuel Alef 5:10; Shmuel Alef 6:3, אֶל pers. Yirmiya 27:3, etc.

send away, subj. י׳, acc. pers. Breishis 19:29 (J; מִתּוֹךְ), Melachim Alef 9:7 (מֵעַל פְּנֵי).

give over, acc. pers. Tehillim 81:13 (ב of evil).

cast out, acc. pers. Yirmiya 28:16 (מֵעַל־פְּנֵי), Vayikra 18:24; Vayikra 20:23 (both מִפְּנֵי).

send out, forth, send on a mission, especially of י׳, c. acc. of hornet Devarim 7:20, cf. Devarim 28:20; Devarim 32:24 (all ב pers.), serpents Bamidbar 21:6 (E; ב pers.), lions Melachim Beis 17:25, Melachim Beis 17:26 (both id.), foes Melachim Beis 24:2^(×2) (+ inf. purpose); pestilence Amos 4:10; Yechezkel 28:23 (ב pers.), etc.; also springs into (ב) channel Tehillim 104:10.

let go, set free (sometimes c. חָפְשִׁי) Shemos 4:23; Shemos 5:2^(×2) (all JE), Shmuel Beis 3:21, Shmuel Beis 3:23, Shmuel Beis 3:24 +; = cease to abuse Shoftim 19:25; + inf. purpose Breishis 24:56 (J), Shemos 5:1 (E; + 10 times Ex), Shmuel Alef 5:11; c. acc. of bird Breishis 8:7, Breishis 8:8 (+ מֵאִתּוֹ) +; + עַל־פְּנֵי הַשָּׂדֶה Vayikra 14:7, cf. v Vayikra 14:53 (both P); = let loose, acc. of beast, Shemos 22:4 (E), Vayikra 16:22 (ב loc.); acc. of bridle Iyov 30:11 (fig.); metaph. of strife Mishlei 6:14, Mishlei 6:19; Mishlei 16:28; let loose waters, subj. י׳, Iyov 12:15.

shoot forth branches, Yirmiya 17:8 Tehillim 80:12 Yechezkel 31:5 (but v. i. שֶׁלַח 2); cf. of locks (פֶּרַע) Yechezkel 44:20 = let grow long.

let down, acc. pers. Yirmiya 38:6 (ב instr.), acc. rei v Yirmiya 38:11 (id. + אֶל pers. et loc.).

shoot (acc. of arrow om.), לְשַׁ׳ לִי לְמַטָּרָה Shmuel Alef 20:20.

phrases: שִׁלַּח (אֶת־)הָעִיר בָּאֵשׁ †Shoftim 1:8; Shoftim 20:48, cf. Melachim Beis 8:12 Tehillim 74:7; but also שׁ׳ אֵשׁ בְּ †Amos 1:4, Amos 1:7, Amos 1:10, Amos 1:12; Amos 2:2, Amos 2:5; Hoshea 8:14; Yechezkel 39:6; rare expressions are: וַיְשַׁלְּחֵם בְּיַד־פִּשְׁעָם Iyov 8:4 (God subj.); stretch out hand, ב rei (for use) Mishlei 31:19, ל pers. (charity) v Mishlei 31:20; חֶבְלֵיהֶם תְּשַׁלַּחְנָה Iyov 39:3 (of hinds, bearing); שַׁלַּח לַחְמְךָ עַל־פְּנֵי הַמָּ֑יִם Koheles 11:1.—רַגְלַי שִׁלֵּ֑חוּ Iyov 30:12 is corrupt; Theod Ew Di רַגְלָם שִׁלֵּ֑חוּ; Me Bu Be al. dittogr. from v Iyov 30:11 b.

Pf. 3 ms. שֻׁלַּח Shoftim 5:15; Iyov 18:8, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְשֻׁלַּח Mishlei 17:11; Pt. מְשֻׁלָּח Yeshaya 16:2 +;—be sent off (started on journey) Breishis 44:3 (J); with commission, ב pers. Ovadia 1:1; Mishlei 17:11, אֶל pers. Daniel 10:11; be put away, divorced, of wife Yeshaya 50:1 (fig.); be impelled (?), בְּרַגְלָיו (= at his heels?), c. ב loc. Shoftim 5:15 (vb. dub.), cf. שֻׁלַּח בְּרֶשֶׁת בְּרַגְלָיו Iyov 18:8 he is hurried into the net with his feet (? 𝔊 Du שֻׁלְּחָה רַגְלוֹ); קֵן מְשֻׁלָּח Yeshaya 16:2 a driven (scattered) nest (‖ עוֹף נוֹדֵד), cf. נָוֶה מְשׁ׳ וְנֶעֱזָב כַּמִּדְבָּר Yeshaya 27:10; נַעַר מְשׁ׳ Mishlei 29:15 a boy let loose (unrestrained).

Pf. 1 s. וְהִשְׁלַחְתִּ֫י and I (י׳) will send famine, בָּאָרֶץ Amos 8:11, cf. Yechezkel 14:13, wild beasts; ב pers. Vayikra 26:22 (H); Pt. מַשְׁלִיחַ, acc. of flies, ב pers. Shemos 8:17 (J); Inf. cstr. לְהַשְׁלִיחַ, acc. of foe, ב gent. Melachim Beis 15:37.

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שֶׁ֫לַח

n.[m.] missile, weapon, sprout (late);—abs. שׁ׳ Yoel 2:8 +, שָׁ֑לַח Nechemia 4:11 Iyov 33:18, sf. שִׁלְחוֹ Nechemia 4:17; pl. שְׁלָחִים Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:10, etc.;—

missile, weapon, Nechemia 4:11 and v Nechemia 4:17 (where הַמַּיִם corrupt; read probably בִּימִינוֹ or בְּיָדוֹ; v. Ryle Be-Ry Berthol), Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:10 (disting. from חֲנִית, מָגֵן); coll. Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:5 and עָבַר בַּשׁ׳ Iyov 33:18; Iyov 36:12 (perish by or < rush upon [and perish]), Yoel 2:8 (v. בְּעַד).

sprout, shoot (cf. [שְׁלוּחָה], and √ Tehillim 80:12 Yirmiya 17:8), שְׁלָחַיִךְ פַּרְדֵּס Shir HaShirim 4:13 (fig.; meaning? Perles^{Anal. 63} proposes שְׁנֵי לְחָיַיִךְ thy two cheeks); + prob. Yechezkel 31:5 (read בִּשְׁלָחָיו Co Toy al., or בְּשִׁלְחֵי [with v Yechezkel 31:6] Krae).

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שֶׁ֫לַח²

n.pr.m. son of Arphachshad, Σαλα: שׁ׳ Breishis 10:24; Breishis 11:13, Breishis 11:14, Breishis 11:15; Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:18; שָׁ֑לַח Breishis 10:24; Breishis 11:12; Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:18, Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:24.

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שֶׁ֫לַח³

n.pr. in בְּרֵכַת הַשּׁ׳ Nechemia 3:15 = שִׁלֹחַ.

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שִׁלְחִי

n.pr.m. father of Jehoshaphat’s mothers;—Melachim Alef 22:42 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:31; Σεμεει, Σαλαλα, Σαλει, etc.

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שִׁלּוּחִים

n.[m.]pl. sending away, parting gift;—

אַחַר שִׁלּוּחֶיהָ Shemos 18:2 (J) after she had been sent away.

שִׁלֻּחִים Melachim Alef 9:16 he gave (city) as parting gift (i.e. dowry) to his daughter; cf. fig. שִׁלּוּחִים Micha 1:14 thou shalt give a parting gift (= say farewell to, lose) Morešeth of Gath.

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שֻׁלְחָן

n.m. Shemos 25:23 table (on form of word cf. GFM^l.c.; proposes (v. supr.) skin or leather mat spread on ground, v. also, on early Sem. ‘table,’ Thes¹⁴¹⁷ We^{Skizzen iv. 157} RS^{Sem i. 184; 2nd ed. 201} Kennedy^{Ency. Bib. iii. 2991});—abs. שׁ׳ Shmuel Alef 20:34 +; cstr. שֻׁלְחַן Melachim Alef 5:7 +; sf. שֻׁלְחָנִי Shoftim 1:7 +, etc.; pl. שֻׁלְחָנוֹת Yeshaya 28:8 +, cstr. שֻׁלְחֲנוֹת Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:16^(×2);—

table for king’s repast Shoftim 1:7 (c. תַּחַת), Shmuel Alef 20:29, Shmuel Alef 20:34; Shmuel Beis 9:11 (read שׁ׳ דָּוִד 𝔊 Th We Dr and mod.), v Shmuel Beis 9:13; Shmuel Beis 19:29; Melachim Alef 2:7; Melachim Alef 5:1; Melachim Alef 18:19; Melachim Alef 10:5 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:4, cf. Yeshaya 21:5 (c. עָרַךְ (q.v. 1 c) arrange); c. עַל Shmuel Beis 9:7, Shmuel Beis 9:10, Shmuel Beis 9:11 Daniel 11:27; for governor Nechemia 5:17 (c. עַל).

for private use Melachim Alef 13:20 (c. אֶל), Iyov 36:16 Tehillim 23:5 (fig., c. עָרַךְ), cf. Tehillim 78:19 (id.), Tehillim 128:3, also (in bedroom) Melachim Beis 4:10; of revellers Yeshaya 28:8, cf. Tehillim 69:23 (fig.), of wisdom (fig.), of wisdom (fig.) Mishlei 9:2.

especially Ez P for sacred uses: in tab. Shemos 25:23 + 17 times Shemos 25:25-40, Bamidbar 3:31, שֻׁלְחַן הַפָּנִים Bamidbar 4:7 (cf. Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:18 infr.); הַשּׁ׳ הַטָּהֹר Vayikra 24:6 (cf. Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:11 infr.); in Sol.’s temple Melachim Alef 7:48; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:18, also (10 in no.) Divrei HaYamim Beis 4:8, Divrei HaYamim Beis 4:19; Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:11, cf. Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:16^(×4), also Yechezkel 23:41 (c. עָרַךְ); in Ezekiel’s temple Yechezkel 40:39^(×2) + 6 times Yechezkel 40 (Yechezkel 40:8 in no.), Yechezkel 40:42 (of stone, 4 in no.); like altar Yechezkel 41:22, = altar of burnt-offering Yechezkel 44:16; in second temple, שֻׁלְחַן י׳ Malachi 1:7, שׁ׳ אֲדֹנָי v Malachi 1:12; for idolatrous meal Yeshaya 65:11; fig. of י׳’s sacrif. feast Yechezkel 39:20 (eschatol.).

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שָׁלַט

vb. domineer, be master of (late) (NH id.; Assyrian šalâṭu, have power; Arabic سَلُطَ overcome, prevail; سَلِيطٌ strong, hard, سُلْطَانٌ dominion, also ruler, sultan; Ethiopic ሠለጠ: Aramaic שְׁלַט, ܫܠܰܛ (especially der. spec.), Nab. שלט, שלטון);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Koheles 8:9, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁלַט Koheles 2:19, etc.; Inf. cstr. שְׁלוֹט Esther 9:1;—domineer, lord it over, עַל pers., Nechemia 5:15; ב pers. Koheles 8:9 (לְרַע לוֹ); ב rei Koheles 2:19; become master of, ב pers. Esther 9:1^(×2).

give power of: Pf. 3 ms. sf. pers. וְהִשְׁלִיטוֹ לֶאֱכֹל Koheles 5:18, so Impf. 3 ms. sf. יַשְׁלִיטֶנּוּ Koheles 6:2 (both subj. God).

= Qal, get mastery of: juss. 3 fs. אַל־תַּשְׁלֶט־בִּי כָּל־אָ֑וֶן Tehillim 119:133.

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שַׁלִּיט

adj. having mastery, domineering;—

having mastery: אֵין אָדָם שׁ׳ בָּרוּחַ Koheles 8:8; elsewhere as subst. הַשּׁ׳ the ruler Koheles 10:5, so (c. עַל־הָאָרֶץ) Breishis 42:6 (prob. late substitution for original word of E); pl. as subst. שַׁלִּיטִים Koheles 7:19 (specif. of Alex.’s successors Perles^{Anal. 42}).

domineering, imperious, fs. (Kö^{ii 1. 201}) אִשָּׁה זוֹנָה שַׁלָּ֑טֶת Yechezkel 16:30 (Jerusalem personified).

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שִׁלְטוֹן

n.[m.] mastery (Lag^{BN 199});—Koheles 8:4, Koheles 8:8 (c. בְּ).

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שַׁלֶּ֫כֶת

n.f. felling of tree;—Yeshaya 6:13.

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שַׁלֶּ֫כֶת²

n.pr. of a temple-gate, W. side (? gate of casting forth; yet cf. Kit);—Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:16.

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שָׁלַל

vb. draw out (Arabic سَلَّ draw, especially sword from scabbard, سَلِيلٌ drawn sword, new born child (cf. Frä ⁷⁵, but also Schulth^{Hom. Wurz. 80 f.}); Talm. שָׁלִיל, 𝔗 שְׁלִילָא embryo or abortion);—Impf. 2 mpl. + Inf. abs. שֹׁל־תָּשֹׁלּוּ לָהּ מִן וגו׳ Rus 2:16 ye shall by all means draw out for her from the sheaves.

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שׁוֹלָל²

adj. in acc. c. as adv. (Ges^{§ 118o}) barefoot (appar. stripped as to walking; always c. הלך);—אֵילְכָה שׁוֹלָל וְעָרוֹם Micha 1:8 Qr I will go barefoot and naked (Kt שילל); מוֹלִיךְ יוֹעֲצִם שׁ׳ Iyov 12:17, cf. v Iyov 12:19.

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שָׁלַל²

vb. spoil, plunder (usually identif. with I. שׁ׳; NH id. (Jastr, cf. Dalm); Assyrian šalâlu id.; Hom^{Chr 33} cp. Sab. תֿלל plunder, connecting this with Arabic ثَلَّةٌ a flock of sheep (or goats); then 𝔗 שְׁלָלָא booty, and (rare) Syriac ܫܶܠܳܠ are loan-words);—

Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְשׁ׳ Yechezkel 26:12; 2 ms. שַׁלּוֹתָ Chavakuk 2:8, etc.; Impf. 3 mpl. sf. יְשָׁלּוּךָ v Chavakuk 2:8; cstr. לִשְׁלֹל Yeshaya 10:6 +; Pt. pl. שֹׁלְלִים Zecharia 2:12, etc.;—spoil, plunder (usually ‖ בָּזַז), c. acc. cogn. שָׁלָל Yeshaya 10:6; Yechezkel 29:19; Yechezkel 38:12, Yechezkel 38:13^(×2), acc. חַיִל wealth Yechezkel 26:12; acc. pers., שֹׁלְלִים Yirmiya 50:10; Chavakuk 2:8; Yechezkel 39:10, גּוֹיִם רַבִּים Chavakuk 2:8, cf. Zecharia 2:12. Hithpōʿ. Pf. 3 pl. אֶשְׁתּוֹלְלוּ אַבִּירֵי לֵב (א in אֶשְׁתּ׳ is Aramaic, or scribal error: Ges^{§ 54 a n., cf. 53 k}) Tehillim 76:6 the stout of heart are spoiled; Pt. מִשְׁתּוֹלֵל Yeshaya 59:15 he that departs from evil is one despoiled.

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שָׁלָל

n.m. Shmuel Alef 30:16 prey, spoil, plunder, booty;—abs. שׁ׳ Breishis 49:27 +; cstr. שְׁלַל Shoftim 5:30 +, sf. שְׁלָלֵךְ Zecharia 14:1, שְׁלַלְכֶם Yeshaya 33:4, etc.;—

prey, of Benj. as wolf Breishis 49:27 (poem in J; c. חִלֵּק).

booty, spoil of war, of all kinds (often ‖ בַּז): incl. garments, gold and silver Yehoshua 7:21 (J), ornaments Shoftim 8:24, Shoftim 8:25, fabrics and women Shoftim 5:30 a, b, flocks and herds Shmuel Alef 30:20; Yirmiya 49:32; Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:11, + persons Devarim 20:14^(×2), garments, food and drink Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:15, etc. (58 times; among these) שְׁלַל הֶעָרִים Devarim 2:25; Shmuel Beis 12:30; Divrei HaYamim Alef 20:2 and (+ cattle in addition) Devarim 3:7, Yehoshua 8:27; Yehoshua 11:14 (both R^D), cf. (also of city) Yeshaya 8:4; Devarim 13:17^(×2); Zecharia 14:1 and (+ cattle) Yehoshua 8:2 (R^D), but incl. pers. and cattle Devarim 20:14, cf. v Devarim 20:14; fig. of entire nation Yirmiya 50:10; Yechezkel 7:21; Zecharia 2:13; שׁ׳ in symbol. n.pr. מַהֵר שָׁלָל וגו׳ Yeshaya 8:1, Yeshaya 8:3, v. supr. p. 555^a; שׁ׳ in metaph. of future majesty of עֶבֶד י׳ Yeshaya 53:12; וְהֳיְתָה־לּוֹ נַפְשׁוֹ לְשׁ׳ i.e. life shall be spared, Yirmiya 21:9; Yirmiya 38:2; Yirmiya 39:18, cf. Yirmiya 45:5.

private plunder Yeshaya 10:2 (אַלְמָנוֹת שְׁלָלָם), Mishlei 1:13 and (perhaps in current saying) Mishlei 16:19.

= gain Mishlei 31:11.—לְצַוְּארֵי שׁ׳ Shoftim 5:30 is clearly wrong; meaning dub. (v. especially GFM); plausible conj. are לְצַוָּארַי שׁ׳ for my neck as spoil, Reuss Br al., and לְצַוְּארֵי שֵׁגָל for the neck of the queen Ew Be Kit al. (but שֵׁגָל elsewhere late); Now del. שָׁלָל and reads לְצַוָּארָיו.

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שָׁלֵם

vb. be complete, sound (NH id. (Jastr), Ph. שלם Pi. complete, requite, especially in n.pr., Lzb ³⁷⁶ GACooke ^{99, also 81, 111, etc.}; Arabic سَلِمَ be safe, secure, free from fault, ii. make over, resign to, iv. resign or submit oneself, especially to God, whence ptcp. Muslim, and inf. Islām, proposes submission to God; Assyrian šalâmu, be complete, unharmed, be paid; Aramaic שְׁלֵים, ܫܠܶܡ be complete, safe, 𝔗 peaceful; O Aramaic שלם reward, repay (Pa; in n.pr.); cf. Sab. סלם peace Hom^{Chr 124}, Arabic سِلْمٌ, also سَلَامٌ safety, security; Assyrian šulmu, welfare; Ethiopic ሰላም Di ³²² security, peace; Aramaic שְׁלָמָא, ܫܠܳܡܳܐ security, welfare, O Aramaic שלם Lzb ³⁷⁶, especially = submission, in n.pr. RS^Sem. ^{79 f.}; Bondi ⁷⁰ (after Brugsch), cp. šarmā, greet, do homage, as loan-word in Egyptian);—

Pf. 3 pl. שָֽׁלְמוּ Yeshaya 60:20; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁלָ֑ם Iyov 9:4; f. תִּשְׁלַם Melachim Alef 7:51 + 2 times;—

be complete, finished, ended: temple Melachim Alef 7:51 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 5:1; walls of city Nechemia 6:15; of time Yeshaya 60:20.

be sound, uninjured, Iyov 9:4.

Pf. 3 ms. שִׁלַּם Vayikra 5:24 +, 1 s. וְשִׁלַּמְתּ֫י Yirmiya 16:18 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׁלֵּם Shemos 21:34 +; sf. יְשַׁלְּמֶ֑נָּה Vayikra 24:18 +, etc.; Imv. ms. שַׁלֵּם Koheles 5:3 Tehillim 50:14, etc.; Inf. abs. שַׁלֵּם Shemos 21:36 +; cstr. id. Mishlei 22:27, etc.; Pt. מְשַׁלֵּם Devarim 7:10 +, etc.;—

complete, finish, temple Melachim Alef 9:25.

make safe, c. acc. Iyov 8:6.

make whole or good, restore thing lost Yoel 2:25, or stolen Shemos 21:37 (E); pay a debt Melachim Beis 4:7 Tehillim 37:21 Mishlei 22:27; Iyov 41:3; make compensation, for injury Vayikra 24:18, Vayikra 24:21 (P); for trespass in sacred things Vayikra 5:16 (P).

make good, i.e. pay, vows, c. acc. נֶדֶר Devarim 23:22; Shmuel Beis 15:7 + 9 times, + (c. ל to God) Tehillim 50:14; Tehillim 66:13; Tehillim 116:14, Tehillim 116:18; obj. om. Tehillim 76:12; abs. Yeshaya 19:21; c. acc. תּוֹדוֹת c. ל to God Tehillim 56:13; פרים שׂפתינו Hoshea 14:3 (v. p. 830b).

requite, recompense, reward, good Shmuel Alef 24:20; Rus 2:12; evil Yeshaya 65:6; Yirmiya 51:56; c. ל pers. Devarim 7:10 + 4 times, + (c. acc. rei) Yirmiya 51:24; אל pers. Iyov 21:19; acc. rei Mishlei 20:22; Yirmiya 16:18; שִׁלַּם גְּמוּל לְ Yeshaya 59:18^(×2), (but v. i. שִׁלֵּם), Yeshaya 66:6 + (v. גְּמוּל); †שׁ׳ פֹּעַל לְ Iyov 34:11; שׁ׳ גְּמוּל עַל Yoel 4:4; עַל חֵיק Yeshaya 65:6; אֶל־חֵיק Yirmiya 32:18; †c. ל pers. and כ of deeds, שׁ׳ reward according to one’s works Shmuel Beis 3:39 + 3 times; acc. pers. Tehillim 31:24; acc. rei †שׁ׳ רעה תחת טובה Breishis 44:4 (J) Tehillim 35:12; Tehillim 38:21 (read מְשַׁלְּמֵנִי).

Impf. 3 ms. יְשֻׁלַּם Tehillim 65:2 Yirmiya 18:20; יְשֻׁלָּ֑ם Mishlei 11:31; Mishlei 13:13;—

be performed, of vow Tehillim 65:2.

be repaid, requited, Yirmiya 18:20; Mishlei 11:31; Mishlei 13:13.

complete, perform: Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁלִים Iyov 23:14; Yeshaya 44:26, יַשְׁלִם v Yeshaya 44:28.

make an end of, 2 ms. sf. תַּשְׁלִימֵנִי Yeshaya 38:12, Yeshaya 38:13 (𝔊 Du Marti deliver up to pains, as in Aramaic).

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שָׁלוֹם

n.m. Yeshaya 54:13 completeness, soundness, welfare, peace (Lag^{BN 174});—שׁ׳ Breishis 29:6 +; שָׁלֹם (rare) Yechezkel 13:16 +; cstr. שְׁלוֹם Breishis 37:14 +; sf. שְׁלוֹמִי Tehillim 41:10 +, etc.; pl. (all dub.) שְׁלוֹמִים Yirmiya 13:19 Tehillim 69:23; sf. שְׁלֹמָיו Tehillim 55:21;—

completeness in no., הָגְלָת שְׁלוֹמִים Yirmiya 13:19 Judah is wholly carried captive (but read גָּלוּת שְׁלֵמָה, cf. Amos 1:6; so 𝔊 We ^Am SS Buhl).

safety, soundness, in body, אֵין שָׁלוֹם בַּעֲצָמַי Tehillim 38:4; לְשָׁלוֹם Yeshaya 38:17; שָׁלוֹם אָהֳלֶ֑ךָ (Ges^{§ 141 c}) Iyov 5:24 is safe, secure.

welfare, health, prosperity: †שָׁאַל לפ׳ לשׁ׳ ask one about welfare Breishis 43:27 (J), Shemos 18:7 (E), Shoftim 18:15 + 7 times, cf. Shmuel Beis 11:7^(×3); pregn. ירד לשׁלום Melachim Beis 10:13 descend (to ask) about welfare of, cf. Shmuel Alef 17:18 Yirmiya 38:4; הלך לשׁ׳ Shemos 4:18 (E) + 5 times; עלה לשׁ׳ Breishis 44:17 (J), Shmuel Alef 25:35; דבּר לשׁ׳ Breishis 37:4 (JE); שָׁלוֹם ל׳ be well with Breishis 29:6; Breishis 43:23, Breishis 43:28 (J), Shoftim 6:23; Shoftim 19:20; Shmuel Alef 20:7, Shmuel Alef 20:21 + 10 times, Melachim Beis 4:26^(×3); שָׁלוֹם בְּ (יְהִי) Tehillim 122:7(8) be it well with; abs. as obj. of אָמַר well, be well, שׁ׳ Breishis 29:6 (J), Shmuel Beis 18:28 Melachim Beis 9:11, Melachim Beis 9:17, Melachim Beis 9:18, Melachim Beis 9:19, Melachim Beis 9:22; Yirmiya 6:14^(×2) + 10 times; הֲשָׁלוֹם אֲבִיכֶם Breishis 43:27 (J) cp. Shmuel Alef 25:6; †שׁ׳ בּ(וֹ)אֶ֑ךָ Shmuel Alef 16:4 (v. Dr), Melachim Alef 2:13; אֵין שׁ׳ Yirmiya 6:14 + 3 times; †אין שׁ׳ לרשׁעים Yeshaya 48:22; Yeshaya 57:21; but ראה שׁ׳ רשׁעים Tehillim 73:3; †רֹב שׁ׳ Tehillim 37:11; Tehillim 72:7; שׁאל שׁ׳ פ׳ Tehillim 122:6; דרשׁ שׁ׳ (‖ טוב) Devarim 23:7; Ezra 9:12; שׁ׳ יוֹסִיפוּ לָךְ Mishlei 3:2; בַּשּׁ׳ Iyov 15:21 in time of prosperity.

peace, quiet, tranquillity, contentment, Yeshaya 32:17 (‖ הַשְׁקֵט וָבֶטַח); שָׁכַב בשׁ׳ Tehillim 4:9 (to sleep); depart life בְּשׁ׳ in tranquillity Breishis 15:15 (R^je), Melachim Alef 2:6 + 3 times, יָבוֹא Yeshaya 57:2; אַחֲרִית לְאִישׁ שׁ׳ Tehillim 37:37; בא בשׁ׳ Shemos 18:23 (E) come in contentment; ארץ שׁ׳ Yirmiya 12:5; נְוֵה שׁ׳ (‖ מבטחים) Yeshaya 32:18, cf. Yirmiya 25:37; שׁ׳ מִפָּ֑חַד Iyov 21:9, cf. Zecharia 8:10; ולשׁלומים לְמוֹקֵשׁ Tehillim 69:23 and let security become a trap (but 𝔊 Aq Sym Theod Jer וּלְמ׳ וּכְשִׁלּוּמִים, Du (cf. 𝔗) וּשְׁלָמִים peace-offerings, and שֻׁלְחָן v^a).

peace, friendship:

human relations: אֱנוֹשׁ שְׁלֹמִי Yirmiya 20:10 man of my friendship, cf. Yirmiya 38:22 Ovadia 1:7 Tehillim 41:10; עֲצַת שׁ׳ בין Zecharia 6:13; יֹעֲצֵי שׁ׳ Mishlei 12:20; (אֵת, עִם) דבּר שׁ׳ Tehillim 28:3; Tehillim 35:20 Yirmiya 9:7; בקּשׁ שׁ׳ Tehillim 34:15; ידע שׁ׳ Yeshaya 59:8; דֶּרֶךְ שׁ׳ v Yeshaya 59:8; שׁלּח בשׁ׳ Breishis 26:29 (J); הלך בשׁ׳ v Breishis 26:31 (J), Shmuel Alef 29:7 + 4 times; שׁוב בשׁ׳ Shmuel Beis 15:27; ‖ צדקה in Mess. reign Tehillim 72:3.

peace with God, especially in covt. relation: Yeshaya 54:10 ברית covt. of my peace, cf. Bamidbar 25:12 (P), Yechezkel 34:25; Yechezkel 37:26, also Malachi 2:5; י׳ שׁ׳ as name of altar Shoftim 6:24; י׳ subj. שָׂם שׁ׳ לְ Bamidbar 6:26 (P); בֵּרַךְ בשׁ׳ Tehillim 29:11; חפץ שׁ׳ Tehillim 35:27; עשׂה שׁ׳ לְ Yirmiya 33:9; אָסַף שׁ׳ מֵאֵת Yirmiya 16:5 (‖ חסד); דבּר שׁ׳ אֶל Tehillim 85:9; נתן שׁ׳ Chaggai 2:9; מחשׁבות שׁ׳ Yirmiya 29:11; man subj. עשׂה שׁ׳ ל׳ Yeshaya 27:5^(×2); הלך בשׁ׳ Malachi 2:6. In this sense ‖ צֶדֶק Tehillim 85:11, ‖ צְדָקָה Yeshaya 54:13; Yeshaya 60:17, ‖ שִׂמְחָה Yeshaya 55:12, is like a river Yeshaya 48:18; Yeshaya 66:12; שׁ׳ עַל־ישׂראל Tehillim 125:5; Tehillim 128:6, שׁ׳ רָב לְאֹהֲבֵי תוֹרָתֶ֑ךָ Tehillim 119:165; מוּסַר שׁ׳ Yeshaya 53:5 chastisement for our peace (but SS Buhl שִׁלֻּמֵינוּ).

peace from war: (ל) עשׂה שׁ׳ make peace (with) Yehoshua 9:15; Iyov 25:2; נתן שׁ׳ בארץ Vayikra 26:6 (H); †שׁ׳ בין ובין Shoftim 4:17; Shmuel Alef 7:14; Melachim Alef 5:26; †קרא (ל)שׁ׳ Devarim 20:10; Shoftim 21:13; Micha 3:5; †שׁוב בשׁ׳ Yehoshua 10:21; Shoftim 8:9; Shoftim 11:31 (cf. v Shoftim 11:13); בא בשׁ׳ Shmuel Beis 19:25, Shmuel Beis 19:31 + 7 times; †היה שׁ׳ לְ Melachim Alef 5:4 + 3 times, cf. Shmuel Beis 17:3 (v. Dr); בקּשׁ שׁ׳ Yechezkel 7:25; מלאכי שׁ׳ Yeshaya 33:7; נתן שׁ׳ וָשֶׁקֶט Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:9; מוֹצְאֵת שׁ׳ Shir HaShirim 8:10; †שׁ׳(ו)אמת Yeshaya 39:8 = Melachim Beis 20:19 + 3 times, cf. Zecharia 8:19; עֵת שׁ׳ Koheles 3:8; בְּשׁ׳ Melachim Alef 2:5 in time of peace; שַׂר שׁ׳ Yeshaya 9:5 (Mess. title), cf. זֶה שׁ׳ Micha 5:4.

as adj. שְׁלֹמָיו Tehillim 55:21 those at peace with him (read שֹֽׁלְמָיו Bae Buhl Du, or שְׁלֵמָיו SS; 𝔊 appar. שִׁלּוּמָיו).

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שֶׁ֫לֶם

n.[m.] sacrifice for alliance or friendship, ‘peace-offering’ (expl. disputed: orig. sacrif. for alliance Di; al. peace-offering (mark of peace with God), 𝔊^{Sm K Pr} εἰρηνική, De Sta^{G i. 496} We^{Heid. 71} (fellowship between God and worshippers); welfare-offering, 𝔊 elsewhere σωτήριον, Ke; thank-offering (as due rendered for benefit, or in paying vow, cf. √ Pi. 4, and Mishlei 7:14) Ges Ew Kn; sacred meal its special feature: v. RS^{Sem. i. 219; 2nd ed. 237}; Now^{Arch. ii. 211f.} GFM^{Ency. Bib. Sacrifice, § 11}; Assyrian šulmu = שֶׁלֶם is cited by J Jerem^{Ency. Bib. Ritual, § 11});—cstr. שׁ׳ Amos 5:22; elsewhere pl. שְׁלָמִים Shemos 24:5 + 69 times; cstr. שַׁלְמֵי Vayikra 10:14; sf. שְׁלָמֶ֫יךָ Shemos 20:21, etc.; pl. is abstr. intens. Vayikra 7:13; Bamidbar 6:17 (P) +; pl. of no. Shemos 24:5 (JE), Shmuel Alef 11:15 +; usually hard to decide; שׁ׳ (in app.) defines זְבָחִים Shemos 24:5 (JE), and so זבח of covt. of Horeb is שׁ׳, as also sacrifice for Saul Shmuel Alef 11:15; foll. phr. shew שׁ׳ essentially = זבהים in like phr. (v. זבח); שׁ׳ coming to mean ז׳ in all ritual; over against עוֹלוֹת Shemos 20:21; Shemos 32:6 (JE), Vayikra 6:5 (P), Devarim 27:7; Yehoshua 8:31 (D), Shoftim 20:26; Shoftim 21:4; Shmuel Alef 13:9; Shmuel Beis 6:17, Shmuel Beis 6:18; Shmuel Beis 24:25; Melachim Alef 3:15; Melachim Alef 9:25; Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:1, Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:2; Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:26; Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:2; Yechezkel 43:27; Yechezkel 45:17; Yechezkel 46:2, Yechezkel 46:12; so in longer lists Vayikra 9:4, Vayikra 9:22; Bamidbar 6:14; Bamidbar 29:39 (P), Melachim Alef 8:64^(×2); Melachim Alef 16:13; Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:7; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:35; Yechezkel 45:15, Yechezkel 45:17; Yechezkel 46:12; and when שׁ׳ alone Vayikra 7:14, Vayikra 7:33; in P שׁ׳ defines ז׳ in cstr. sg. or pl.: Shemos 29:28 Vayikra 3:1 + 34 times P, Vayikra 17:5; Vayikra 19:5; Vayikra 22:21; Vayikra 23:19 (H), so Shmuel Alef 10:8; Melachim Alef 8:63; Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:22; Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:16; Mishlei 7:14; ז׳ שׁ׳ of H and P incl. תודה, נדר, נדבה Vayikra 7:12, Vayikra 7:16, and so זבח תודה שׁ׳ v Vayikra 7:13, Vayikra 7:15; שׁ׳ disting. from (larger) ז׳ in lists שָׁ׳, ז׳, עולות Yehoshua 22:27 (P); נדר, ז׳, עלה Bamidbar 15:8 (P); שׁ׳ disting. from נְדָבָה Yechezkel 46:12 (where may = either of other two); from נדרים, נדבות Bamidbar 29:39 (P) (and must then ref. to תודות); from נדר Bamidbar 15:8 (P); appar. then not disting. from תּוֹדוֹת, תּוֹדָה Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:16 being probably specification.

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שָׁלַם

vb. denom. be in covenant of peace;—

Imv. שְׁלָ֑ם Iyov 22:21 be at peace (in covt.); Pt. sf. שׁוֹלְמִי Tehillim 7:5 i.e. my ally, friend (cf. Tehillim 41:10); Pt. pass. cstr. שְׁלֻמֵי Shmuel Beis 20:19, read שָׂמוּ Ew^{G iii.264} Ges ^{130 f.N.4} Dr (cf. We).

Pt. מְשֻׁלָּם Yeshaya 42:19 one in covt. of peace (with י׳; but 𝔊 משְׁלָם their ruler, so Che^Hpt; Ges Hi Ew al. one resigned (to God), read then מָשְׁלָם, cf. √, Arabic iv.; Kroch Grä Marti מְשֻׁלָּחִי).

Pf. 3 fs. הִשְׁלִ֫ימָה Yehoshua 10:4; Yehoshua 11:19; 3 mpl. הִשְׁלִ֫ימוּ Yehoshua 10:1; Impf. יַשְׁלִים Yeshaya 44:26 +, יַשְׁלִם Mishlei 16:7; וַיַּשְׁלֵם Melachim Alef 22:45, etc.;—

make peace with, אֶת, Yehoshua 10:1, Yehoshua 10:4; Shmuel Beis 10:19 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:19 (עִם); עִם Devarim 20:12 Melachim Alef 22:45; c. אֶל pregn. Yehoshua 11:19 submitting unto.

cause to be at peace, אֶת, Mishlei 16:7.

Pf. 3 fs. הָשְׁלְמָה Iyov 5:23 live in peace with, לְ (‖ ברית).

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שָׁלֵם²

adj. complete, safe, at peace;—שׁ׳ Breishis 15:16 +; pl. שְׁלֵמִים Breishis 34:21; Nachum 1:12; f. שְׁלֵמָה Devarim 25:15 +; pl. שְׁלֵמוֹת Devarim 27:6 Yehoshua 8:31;—

complete:

full, perfect: אֶבֶן שְׁלֵמָה full weight Devarim 25:15; Mishlei 11:1, אֵיפָה שׁ׳ Devarim 25:15; of עָוֹן Breishis 15:16 (JE); number of captives Amos 1:6, Amos 1:9; of army Nachum 1:12 (text corrupt; 𝔊 משֵׁל מַיִם, but?; v. Comm.); of reward Rus 2:12; of stones, whole (in natural condition, unhewn) Devarim 27:6; Yehoshua 8:31 (cf. law Shemos 20:22).

finished: i.e. hewn stones Melachim Alef 6:7; temple Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:16.

safe, unharmed, of pers. Breishis 33:18 (P; Sam. שׁלוֹם, cf. בשׁלום Breishis 28:21; not n.pr.loc. as Vrss).

in covt. of peace, friendship, c. אֵת Breishis 34:21 (P); לֵבָב שָׁלֵם עִם י׳ a mind at peace with י׳, keeping covt. relation, hence complete, perfect, Melachim Alef 8:61; Melachim Alef 11:4; Melachim Alef 15:3, Melachim Alef 15:14; c. אֶל Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:9, אֶל om. Melachim Beis 20:3 = Yeshaya 38:3 (לֵב), Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:38; Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:19; Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:17; Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:9; Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:2; לֵב Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:9; Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:9.

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שָׁלֵם³

n.pr.loc. abbrev. from יְרוּשָׁלַם (q.v.), and perhaps (Gunk Dr) intended as archaism Breishis 14:18, cf. (poet.) Tehillim 76:3 (‖ צִיּוֹן); v. Jos^{Ant. i, 10, 2}; 𝔊 Σαλημ and (ψ) εἰρήνη.

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שַׁלּוּם

(less often שַׁלֻּם) n.pr.m. Σελ(λ)ουμ, Σαλ(λ)ουμ, Σελλημ, etc.;—

king of N. Israel Melachim Beis 15:10, Melachim Beis 15:13, Melachim Beis 15:14, Melachim Beis 15:15.

son of Josiah, and king of Judah Yirmiya 22:11; Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:15 = יְהוֹאָחָז 1, v. p. 219.

husband of Huldah Melachim Beis 22:14 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:22, B 𝔊L Σελλημ, A -λουμ.

uncle of Jeremiah Yirmiya 32:7.

in Simeon Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:25.

in Jerahmeel Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:40, Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:41.

in Ephr. Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:12.

in Napht. Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:13.

father of a threshold keeper Yirmiya 35:4.

wall-builder Nechemia 3:12.

priests Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:38, Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:39; Ezra 7:2 (ancestor of Ezra, perhaps = מְשֻׁלָּם 7 a).

Levits:

Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:17^(×2), perhaps = v Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:19, Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:31, and Ezra 2:42 ‖ Nechemia 7:44 (= שֶׁלֶמְיָה 2, מְשֻׁלָּם 8 c, (מְשֶׁלֶמְיָה(וּ)).

Ezra 10:24.

v Ezra 10:42 below.

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שַׁלּוּן

n.pr.m. wall-builder Nechemia 3:15 = שַׁלּוּם according to Thes.

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שְׁלֹמֹה

n.pr.m. Solomon (Σαλωμων, rarely Σαλομων, 𝔊L mostly Σολομων; cf. Lag^{BN 53, 96});—king of Israel, son of David and Bathsheba Shmuel Beis 12:24; Melachim Alef 1:11 + [name 2 times S; 162 times K; 109 times Ch; 7 times Ezr Ne]; born in Jerus. Shmuel Beis 5:14; Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:5; Divrei HaYamim Alef 14:4; designated by D. as successor, anointed and proclaimed before D.’s death Melachim Alef 1:30, Melachim Alef 1:33, Melachim Alef 1:34, Melachim Alef 1:39 +; king after D.’s death Melachim Alef 2:12, Melachim Alef 2:17; Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:28; Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:1 + [phr. הַמֶּלֶךְ שׁ׳ Melachim Alef 1:34 + 36 times K, 11 times Ch, Yirmiya 52:20; Shir HaShirim 3:9, Shir HaShirim 3:11; שׁ׳ הַמּ׳ Melachim Alef 2:17; Melachim Alef 12:2; Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:24; Divrei HaYamim Beis 10:2; שׁ׳ מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה Melachim Alef 12:23; Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:3, מ׳ יִשׂ׳ Melachim Beis 23:13; Melachim Beis 24:13; Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:26; Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:3; Nechemia 13:26]; builder of temple Melachim Alef 5:22; Melachim Alef 6:1, Melachim Alef 6:2; Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:26 + often; wise Melachim Alef 3:10; Melachim Alef 5:9, Melachim Alef 5:10, Melachim Alef 5:14; Melachim Alef 10:1, Melachim Alef 10:2, Melachim Alef 10:3, Melachim Alef 10:4; Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:7, Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:11 +; author of proverbs (and songs) according to Proverbs מִשְׁלֵי שׁ׳ Mishlei 1:1; Mishlei 10:1; Mishlei 25:1 (cf. Melachim Alef 5:12, Melachim Alef 5:13), v. also לִשׁ׳ Tehillim 72:1; Tehillim 127:1 (titles), Shir HaShirim 1:1 (title); of written provision for priests, etc. Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:4, cf. Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:14 Nechemia 12:45; elsewhere (outside of K Ch) name occurs †Yirmiya 52:20; Shir HaShirim 1:5 (Wkl ^{Altor. Forsch. ii. 196} proposes Šalmaites, Nab. שלמו Lzb ³⁷⁶, cf. Levy ^{TW ii.489} Jastr ¹⁵⁸⁷), Shir HaShirim 3:7, Shir HaShirim 3:9, Shir HaShirim 3:11; Shir HaShirim 8:11, Shir HaShirim 8:12, and in phr. בְּנֵי עַדֵי שׁ׳ Ezra 2:55, Ezra 2:58 = Nechemia 7:56, Nechemia 7:59; Nechemia 11:3.

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שְׁלֹמוֹת

i. שְׁלֹמִית (שְׁלוֹ׳ Ezra 8:10) n.pr.m.

Levites:

-מוֹת Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:22^(×2); Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:26; -מִית v Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:28; Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:18; -מות Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:25 Kt, -מִית Qr. Σαλωμωθ, 𝔊L Σαλωμιθ.

-מות Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:9 Kt, -מִית Qr. Αλωθειμ, Σαλωμ(ε)ιθ.

-מִית son (appar.) of Rehob. Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:20, Εμμωθ, A Σαλημωθ, 𝔊L Σαλωμιθ.

-מִית head of post-ex.. family Ezra 8:10, Σαλειμουθ, etc.

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שְׁלֹמִית

n.pr.f. Σαλ(ω)μιθ, etc.:

in Israel Vayikra 24:11.

daughter of Zerub. Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:19.

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שְׁלֹמִי

n.pr.m. in Asher, Bamidbar 34:27; Σελεμ(ε)ι.

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שְׁלֻמִיאֵל

n.pr.m. in Simeon Bamidbar 1:6; Bamidbar 2:12; Bamidbar 7:36, Bamidbar 7:41; Bamidbar 10:19; Σαλαμιηλ.

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שַׁלְמַנְאֶ֫סֶר

n.pr.m. king of Assyria (proposes -אסרד, = Assyrian Šulman-ašaridu, ‘(God) Šulman is chief,’ Schr^{ZK ii (1885), 197 ff.} Muss-Arnolt^{JBL xi (1892), 79});—Melachim Beis 17:3 = Melachim Beis 18:9; Σαλ(α)μανασ(σ)αρ, 𝔙 Salmanasar. This was שׁ׳ V, b.c. 727–722, Say^{Hast DB s. v.} Johns^{Ency. Bib. s. v.}.

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שָׁלַף

vb. draw out, off (NH id., loosen, draw (nail, sword; Jastr); Assyrian šalâpu, pluck out, draw sword; Aramaic שְׁלַף draw sword, draw off shoe, ܫܠܰܦ draw sword, in Lexx. remove corselet; Arabic سَلَفَ is pass, pass away, سَلَبَ strip, plunder, etc.);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Shoftim 3:22 +; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁלֹף Rus 4:8, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁלֹף Shoftim 9:54 +; Pt. act. שֹׁלֵף Shoftim 8:10 +, etc.; pass. f. שְׁלוּפָה Bamidbar 22:23 +;—

draw out sword from (מִן) wound Shoftim 3:22, cf. Iyov 20:25; usually sword from sheath Shoftim 8:20; Shoftim 9:54; Shmuel Alef 31:4 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 10:4, + מִתַּעְרָהּ Shmuel Alef 17:51; וְחַרְבּוֹ שְׁלוּפָה בְּיָדוֹ Bamidbar 22:23, Bamidbar 22:31; Yehoshua 5:13 (all J), Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:16; elsewhere אִישׁ שֹׁלֵף ח׳ coll. Shoftim 8:10; Shoftim 20:2, Shoftim 20:15, Shoftim 20:17, Shoftim 20:46; Shmuel Beis 24:9 Melachim Beis 3:26 Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:5^(×2), cf. Shoftim 20:35 and (שֹׁלְפֵי ח׳) v Shoftim 20:25.

draw off sandal Rus 4:7, Rus 4:8 (cf. I. חלץ 1; also RS^{K 269} Dr Devarim 25:9 Bewer^{SK lxxvi (1903), 332}).

shoot up (?), i.e. draw out blade, of grass on roof Tehillim 129:6 (cf. Ew Bae al.); Che Dr is unsheathed (vb. c. subj. indef. = pass.), with same meaning; Hup-Now proposes שָׁלֵם (with ‖ in Syriac); v. Ortenberg^{Textkritik d. Ps. (1861), 30} שֶׁחָלָף, We^Hpt Du חֲלֹף (as Tehillim 90:5, Tehillim 90:6, v. ח׳ 2).

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שֶׁ֫לֶף

n.pr.m. son of Joḳṭan;—שָׁ֑לֶף Breishis 10:26 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:20; Σαλεφ; identif. by Os^{ZMG xi (1857), 153 f.} with S. Arabic tribe سُلَف, cf. Mordtm^{ZMG xxxix (1885), 228} Glaser^{Skizze ii. 425} Hom^{Chr 70}, and v. Di Dr.

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שִׁלֵּשׁ

Pi. denom. do a third time, divide into three parts, etc.;—Pf. 2 ms. וְשִׁלַּשְׁתָּ֫ Devarim 19:3 divide land into three parts (so Impf. וַיְשַׁלֵּשׁ אֶת־הָעָם [for MT וַיְשַׁלַּח] Shmuel Beis 18:2 𝔊L Bu); Shmuel Alef 20:19 stay three days (cf. Dr); v Shmuel Alef 20:20 We Dr al. (cf. 𝔊) read אֲשַׁלֵּשׁ בַּ׳ (for שְׁלשֶׁת הַ׳) = I will shoot on the third day with the arrows (HPS qu.); Impf. 3 mpl. וַיְשַׁלֵּ֑שׁוּ Melachim Alef 18:34, and Imv. mpl. שַׁלֵּ֑שׁוּ v Melachim Alef 18:34 do a third time. Pu. Pt. מְשֻׁלָּשׁ three years old Breishis 15:9 + Shmuel Alef 1:24 (read with 𝔊 Th We etc. בְּפַר מְשֻׁלָּשׁ for בְּפָרִם שְׁלשָׁה), f. מְשֻׁלֶּשֶׁת Breishis 15:9^(×2); הַחוּט הַמְשֻׁלָּשׁ Koheles 4:12 the threefold cord; fpl. מְשֻׁלָּשׁוֹת Yechezkel 42:6 three-storied chambers.

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שְׁלִישִׁי

m. שְׁלִישִׁית f. adj.num. ord.₁₀₈ third;—יוֹם שְׁלִישִׁי Breishis 1:13 + 31 times, etc. (64 times, rarely שְׁלִשִׁי); pl. שְׁלִשִׁים (third 50, set of messengers, etc.) Shmuel Alef 19:21; Melachim Beis 1:13 + 4 times; בַּשָּׁנָה הַשְּׁלִישִׁית Melachim Alef 18:1 + 4 times, etc. (33 times; sometimes שְׁלִשִׁית, שְׁלִשִׁת, etc.); = third part, a third Shmuel Beis 18:2^(×3) + 13 times, + (cstr.) Bamidbar 15:6 + 4 times, + שְׁלִשִׁתֵיךְ (Ges^{§ 911}) Yechezkel 5:12 third part of thee; = third time Shmuel Alef 3:8; also שְׁלִישִׁיָּה Yeshaya 19:24 third (on par with other two); בַּשְּׁלֵישִׁים Yechezkel 42:3 in the thirds, i.e. third story;—שְׁלִשִׁיָּה עֶגְלַת Yeshaya 15:5; Yirmiya 48:34, v. ע׳ p. 722.—שְׁלִישִׁתָה Yechezkel 21:19 is corrupt; Krae proposes וְשֻׁלְּשָׁה the sword shall be doubled and trebled; other conj. in Co Toy. Shmuel Alef 20:5 del. הַשּׁ׳ 𝔊 We Dr al., so v Shmuel Alef 20:12 Shmuel Beis 23:18 read הַשְּׁלשִׁם 𝔖 We Dr al.

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שִׁלְשֹׁם

and (less often) שִׁלְשׁוֹם ₂₅ adv. = three days ago, specif. day before yesterday (Kö^{ii. 1. 255 f.} Lag^{BN 20 Anm.} Ba^{NB § 216b});—in phr. תְּמוֹל שׁ׳ Shemos 5:8 yesterday (and) day before, idiomat. for hitherto, so Rus 2:11, אֶתְמוֹל שׁ׳ Shmuel Alef 4:7; כִּת׳ שׁ׳ Breishis 31:2, Breishis 31:5 (E), Shemos 5:7, Shemos 5:14 (J), Melachim Beis 13:5, cf. Shmuel Alef 14:21; Shmuel Alef 19:7; גַּם־ת׳ גַּם־שׁ׳ Shemos 4:10 (J), Shmuel Beis 3:17; Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:2, cf. Shmuel Beis 5:2; מִתּ׳ שׁ׳ from aforetime, previously Shemos 21:29, Shemos 21:36 (E), Devarim 4:42; Devarim 19:4, Devarim 19:6; Yehoshua 4:18 (J), Yehoshua 3:4; Yehoshua 20:5 (both R), cf. Shmuel Alef 10:11; כִּת׳ שׁ׳ Shmuel Alef 21:6 as formerly (but Bu מִתּ׳ שׁ׳ = for some days).—שׁ׳ Mishlei 22:20 Kt is difficult; Qr שָׁלִשִׁים (v. iii. שָׁלִישׁ) is imposs.; supply perhaps תְּמוֹל have I not written to thee heretofore, etc.?

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שָׁלִ(י)שׁ

n.[m.] third (part, i.e. of ephah? dub.), name of a measure;—for dust Yeshaya 40:12, tears Tehillim 80:6 (in fig.), adv. acc. measure-wise.

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שָׁלִישׁ

n.[m.] pl. שָֽׁלִשִׁים, a (three-stringed? three-barred? three-cornered?) mus. instr., perhaps a sistrum (so 𝔙), or ‘triangle’ (RVm: cf. Prince^{EB iii. 3228}), Shmuel Alef 18:6 (+ בְּתֻפִּים).

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שָׁלִישׁ²

n.m. adjutant or officer (best explained as third man (in chariot), v. especially Hpt^{BAS iv. 586 f.} Bender^{ZAW xxiii (1903), 19} WMM^{As. u. Eur. 329}; v. also Kau^{M N., DPV, 1904, 10}; doubted by Di Shemos 14:7 Baen^ib. Buhl¹⁴);—abs. שׁ׳ of king’s personal attendant at court Melachim Beis 7:2, Melachim Beis 7:17, Melachim Beis 7:19, sf., military officer of king, שָֽׁלִשֹׁה Melachim Beis 9:25, שָֽׁלִישׁוֹ Melachim Beis 15:25 (on abnormal—ָ v. Ges^{§ 93 xx} Kö^{ii. 1. 133, 449, 495}); pl. שָֽׁלִישִׁים Yechezkel 23:15 + (sometimes שָֽׁלִשִׁם, etc.) v Yechezkel 23:23 Shemos 14:7; Melachim Beis 10:25^(×2), + (Qr) Shmuel Beis 23:8 (> Kt שׁלשׁי) = Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:11; Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:19 (v Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:18 van d. H.; Kt in both, שׁלושׁים), read in all three הַשְּׁלשָׁה (רֹאשׁ) chief of the three 𝔊L We Dr Bu Now.—שָֽׁלִשִׁים Mishlei 22:20 Qr v. שִׁלְשֹׁם.

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שִׁלֵּשׁ²

adj. pertaining to the third;—only m.pl. as subst. שִׁלֵּשִׁים those of third generation (grandsons); בְּנֵי שׁ׳ Breishis 50:23 (E) sons of those of third generation, i.e. great-grandsons (v. Kö^{SK 1898, 533ff.}); עַל־בָּנִים עַל־שׁ׳ וְעַל־רִבֵּעִים Shemos 20:5 (E; v. [רִבֵּעַ]) = Devarim 5:9; Bamidbar 14:18; cf. Shemos 34:7 (both J).

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שָׁלִ֫שָׁה

n.pr.loc. doubtful;—אֶרֶץ־שׁ׳ Shmuel Alef 9:4, B 𝔊L Σελχα, A Σαλισσα;? cf. בַּעַל שָׁלִשָׁה Melachim Beis 4:42.

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שַׁלְתִּיאֵל

n. pr. m. (= שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל Thes Buhl);—father of Zerub. Chaggai 1:12, Chaggai 1:14; Chaggai 2:2; Σαλαθιηλ.

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שָׁם

adv. there, thither (Arabic ثَمَّ there, cf. ثُمَّ then; Biblical Aramaic תַּמָּה, Egyptian Aramaic תמה S-C^{Pap. A 4, J 6}, 𝔗 תַּמָּן (with demonstr. n, cf. אֱדַיִן beside אֲזַי), Syriac ܬܰܡܳܢ; Zenj^{Had. 8} (Cooke¹⁵⁹) שם);—

there Breishis 2:8, Breishis 2:12; Breishis 11:2, Breishis 11:7, Breishis 11:31 + often; placed early in sentence for emph., Micha 4:10 שָׁם תִּנָּצֵ֑לִי, Nachum 3:15; Yechezkel 32:22, Yechezkel 32:24 Tehillim 104:26 +, וְשָׁם … Breishis 41:12; Shemos 15:27; Bamidbar 13:22, Bamidbar 13:33 +, שָׁם … וְשָׁם Shemos 15:25; Devarim 12:14; Yeshaya 27:10; Iyov 3:17 +, וְהִנֵּה שָׁם … Breishis 29:2, כִּי שָׁם … Breishis 11:9; Breishis 21:31; Breishis 35:7; Shmuel Beis 1:21; Shmuel Beis 15:21 +, אַךְ שָׁם … Yeshaya 34:14, Yeshaya 34:15, גַּם שָׁם … Yeshaya 23:12; Yeshaya 57:7 Tehillim 139:10; resuming a preceding ‘where,’ Iyov 39:30 בַּאֲשֶׁר חֲלָלִים שָׁם הוּא, Shoftim 5:27; Yirmiya 22:12; Koheles 11:3, cf. Koheles 1:7. Repeated, שָׁם … שָׁם here … there Yeshaya 28:10, Yeshaya 28:13. In poetry, pointing to a spot in which a scene is localized vividly in the imagination, Tehillim 14:5 שׁם פחדו פחד there feared they a fear! Tehillim 36:13, cf. Tehillim 48:7; Tehillim 66:6; Tehillim 132:17; Hoshea 6:7; Tzefania 1:14.—Chavakuk 3:4 read probably (We Now) שָׂם the flashes at his side made he the hiding of his power; Koheles 3:17 שָׁם = with God, in the Divine plan or scheme: but read perhaps שָׂם Hi De al.

preceded by the rel., אֲשֶׁר שָׁם where, Breishis 2:11; Shemos 20:18; Shmuel Alef 9:10 +, usually with one or more words between, Breishis 13:3, Breishis 13:14; Breishis 19:27; Shemos 29:42; Shmuel Beis 11:16; Melachim Beis 23:27 + often; after בַּאֲשֶׁר, בַּאֲשֶׁר הוּא שָׁם †Breishis 21:17. With אשׁר omitted (the rel. being indic. by cstr., Ges^{§ 130 c, d}) Yechezkel 39:11 מְקוֹם שָׁם קֶבֶר בְּיִשְׂר׳ a place where a grave (may be) in Isr., but 𝔊 𝔙 Co Or al. read שֵׁם a place of renown.

thither, after vbs. of motion (= שָׁ֫מָּה, v. 3) Devarim 1:37 לֹא תָבֹא שָׁם, Shoftim 19:15; Shoftim 21:10; Shmuel Alef 2:14; Shmuel Alef 9:6 al, אֲשֶׁר … שָׁם whither, Melachim Alef 18:10; Melachim Alef 21:18; Melachim Beis 1:4, Melachim Beis 1:6, Melachim Beis 1:16; Yeshaya 20:6, more often in Je Ez, as Yirmiya 8:3; Yirmiya 22:27; Yirmiya 23:3, Yirmiya 23:8; Yirmiya 45:5 +, Yechezkel 4:13; Yechezkel 12:16; Yechezkel 36:20, Yechezkel 36:22 +; so שֶׁשָּׁם Tehillim 122:4.

with ה loc., שָׁ֫מָּה (shā́mmāh):

after vbs. of motion, thither, Breishis 19:20 לָנוּס שָׁ֫מָּה to flee thither, v Breishis 19:22; Breishis 20:13; Breishis 24:6; Breishis 29:3; Devarim 1:38 + often; = into it, therein (of a basket, pit, etc.), Shemos 16:33 וְתֶן־שָׁ֫מָּה מְלֹא הָעֹמֶר, Shemos 21:33 וְנָפַל שָׁמָּה, Shemos 30:18; Shoftim 8:25; Melachim Beis 12:10; pregnantly, after a verb implying motion, as to bury, Breishis 23:13 וְאֶקְבְּרָה אֶת־מֵתִי שָׁ֫מָּה, Breishis 25:10; Breishis 49:31; Breishis 50:5 (all P), נוֹעַד to meet Shemos 29:42, Shemos 29:43; Shemos 30:6, Shemos 30:36; Bamidbar 17:19 (all P), Yehoshua 2:16; Yehoshua 7:3; Yirmiya 13:7; Yoel 4:7 (cf. b), Shir HaShirim 8:5 (?c).

אֲשֶׁר … שָׁ֫מָּה whither Breishis 20:13; Bamidbar 33:54; Devarim 4:5, Devarim 4:14 + often; where Melachim Beis 23:8; Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:11.

more rarely, i. q. שָׁם there, Breishis 43:30 וַיִּבְךְ שָׁ֫מָּה, Yehoshua 2:1; Shoftim 16:27; Melachim Beis 4:11; Melachim Beis 9:16 Hoshea 2:17; Yeshaya 22:18; Yeshaya 34:15; Yeshaya 65:9; Yirmiya 18:2; Yirmiya 27:22; Yechezkel 23:3; Yechezkel 32:29, Yechezkel 32:30 (v Yechezkel 32:22, Yechezkel 32:24, Yechezkel 32:26 שָׁם), Yechezkel 48:35 י׳ שָׁ֫מָּה, Tehillim 76:4; Tehillim 122:5; Koheles 3:16.

מִשָּׁם from there, thence:

often after verbs of departing, taking, etc., Breishis 2:10; Breishis 11:8, Breishis 11:9; Breishis 12:8; Breishis 18:16; Breishis 24:7; Breishis 42:2, etc., Bamidbar 13:23; Bamidbar 21:12; Bamidbar 22:41 וַיַּרְא מִשָּׁם, Devarim 4:29 וּבִקַּשְׁתֶּם מִשָּׁם, Devarim 30:4; Yirmiya 37:12; Hoshea 2:17; Amos 9:2, Amos 9:3, Amos 9:4; Iyov 39:29 +. Peculiarly, Breishis 49:24 מִשָּׁם רֹעֶה אֶבֶן יִשְׂר׳ Ges De RVm from there [from heaven], (from) the Shepherd (י׳), the Stone (Rock) of Israel, Ew Di Sta from there (where is) the Shepherd of (רֹעֵה) the (Bethel-)stone of Israel; but both forced: text dubious; Gunk by the name (מִשֵּׁם; so 𝔖) of the Shepherd, etc. (as Ew Di).

אֲשֶׁר … מִשָּׁם whence Breishis 24:5; Bamidbar 23:13 +.

expressing origin, Breishis 3:23 the ground אֲשֶׁר לֻקַּח מִשָּׁם, Breishis 10:14 whence (= from whom) came forth the Phil., Shoftim 19:18 מִשָּׁם אָנֹכִי, Shmuel Alef 10:12 אִישׁ מִשָּׁם, Yeshaya 65:20.

of the mass, from which something is taken or made, Breishis 27:9; Breishis 30:32 (of צֹאן), Vayikra 2:2 וְקָמַץ מִשָּׁם וגו׳ (from the meal, etc., of a מנחה), Melachim Alef 17:13 אַךְ עֲשָׂי לִי מִשָּׁם עֻגָה קְטַנָּה i.e. from the meal and oil, Melachim Beis 7:2, Melachim Beis 7:19 וּמִשָּׁם לֹא תֹאכִֽל׃, Yechezkel 5:3.

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שֵׁם

n.m. Shmuel Beis 7:9 name (√ unknown; Thes שׁמה, cf. Ba^{ZMG xii (1887), 635}; Lag^{BN 160} ושּׁם, Arabic وَسَمَ brand, mark, cf. RS^{K 213, 303 ff.} Köii^{. 1. 104}; NH = BH (especially הַשֵּׁם = יהוה), Ph. שם Lzb ³⁷⁷; Assyrian šumu; Sab. סם Hom^{Chr 124}; Ethiopic ስmም Arabic إِسْمٌ, أُسْمٌ, سِمٌ, سُمٌ, Aramaic שֵׁם, שְׁמָא, also שׁוּם, שֻׁם (Kö^{ii. 1. 512}), ܫܶܡ, ܫܡܳܐ, Old Aramaic, Palm. שם Lzb ³⁷⁷);—abs. שׁ׳ Breishis 6:4 +; cstr. שׁ׳ Breishis 12:8 +, rarely שֶׁם־ Shmuel Alef 8:2 +; sf. שְׁמִי Shemos 3:15 +, שִׁמְךָ Breishis 32:9 +, שְׁמֶ֑ךָ Melachim Alef 18:31 +, etc.; pl. שֵׁמוֹת (rarely שֵׁמֹת) Breishis 2:20 +; cstr. שְׁמוֹת Shemos 6:16 +, sf. שְׁמוֹתָם Bamidbar 13:4 +, שְׁמוֹתָן Yechezkel 23:4^(×2);—name:

of river Breishis 2:11, Breishis 2:13, Breishis 2:14, beasts v Breishis 2:19, Breishis 2:20, city Breishis 26:33 (all J) +; שׁ׳ היּוֹם †Yechezkel 24:2, i.e. exact designation of it (+ אֶת־עֶצֶם הַיּ׳ הַזֶּה).

usually of pers.: Breishis 4:17, Breishis 4:19^(×2) (J) +; as signif. Shmuel Alef 25:25, cf. Mishlei 21:24; especially in phr. וַיְהִי אִישׁ … וּשְׁמוֹ אֶלְקָנָה Shmuel Alef 1:1, cf. Shmuel Alef 9:1, Shmuel Alef 9:2, Yirmiya 37:13 + 28 times; less often as גָּלְיָת שְׁמוֹ Shmuel Alef 17:4, cf. Zecharia 6:12 + 5 times (cf. in Assyrian Krae^{BAS i. 430}); freq. c. קָרָא (q.v. 5 e, 6; Niph. 2, Pu.; note here, נִקְרָא שׁ׳ עַל in token of ownership Shmuel Beis 12:28 (v. Dr), Yeshaya 4:1); rarely, שִׂים אֶת־שְׁמוֹ אֲבִימֶלֶךְ Shoftim 8:31, cf. Melachim Beis 17:34; Nechemia 9:7; וַיָּ֫שֶׂם לָהֶם שׁ׳ Daniel 1:7; c. יֵאָמֵר Breishis 32:29 (J); change of name is without vb., as Breishis 17:15 (P), or (usually) c. יִהְיֶה Breishis 35:10 (P) Isr. shall be thy name, cf. Breishis 17:5; Melachim Alef 18:31; Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:9, also וַיַּסֵּב אֶת־שְׁמוֹ יְהו׳ Melachim Beis 23:34 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:4, cf. Melachim Beis 24:17, and (subj. י׳) שׁ׳ עוֹלָם אֶתֶּן־לוֹ Yeshaya 56:5; מַה־שְּׁמֶ֑ךָ Breishis 32:28, cf. Shemos 3:13; Mishlei 30:4, מִי שְׁמֶ֑ךָ Shoftim 13:17; be explicitly mentioned is: וְכֻלָּם בְּשֵׁמוֹת Ezra 10:16, נִקְּבוּ בְשׁ׳ Bamidbar 1:17; Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:41; Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:15; Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:19; Ezra 8:20, הַבָּאִים בְּשׁ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:38, וַיָּבֹאוּ הַכְּתוּבִים בְּשׁ׳ v Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:41; of things, וּבְשֵׁמוֹת תִּפְקְדוּ Bamidbar 4:32 (P), + v Bamidbar 4:27 (read בְּשֵׁמֹת 𝔊 Di Baen Gray); יְדַעְתִּיךָ בְּשֵׁם Shemos 33:12 (subj. י׳), i.e. acknowledge thee, personally (as mine), cf. v Shemos 33:17 (both J); בְּשׁ׳ פ׳ as the representative of Shmuel Alef 25:5, Shmuel Alef 25:9 Melachim Alef 21:8 Yirmiya 29:25 Esther 2:22; Esther 3:12; Esther 8:8^(×2), Esther 8:10 (cf. also 3).

= reputation; (1) וַאֲגַדְּלָה שְׁמֶ֑ךָ Breishis 12:2 (J), וְעָשִׂתִי לְךָ שׁ׳ גָּדוֹל כְּשֵׁם הַגְּדֹלִים אֲשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ Shmuel Beis 7:9; †make oneself a name וְנַעֲשֶׂה לָנוּ שׁ׳ Breishis 11:4 (J), וַיַּעַשׂ לוֹ שׁ׳ Shmuel Beis 8:13, of י׳ Yirmiya 32:20, hence Nechemia 9:10 Daniel 9:15, Yeshaya 63:12, Yeshaya 63:14, so c. שׂוּם Shmuel Beis 7:23 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 17:21; וַיֵּצֵא לָךְ שֵׁם בְּ׳ Yechezkel 16:14 (cf. Divrei HaYamim Alef 14:17), Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:15 עַד־לְמֵרָחוֹק, v Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:8 וַיֵּלֶךְ שְׁמוֹ עַד־לְ׳; Shmuel Beis 23:18, Shmuel Beis 23:22; = fame, glory, Tzefania 3:19, Tzefania 3:20 Yechezkel 39:13.—Yechezkel 34:29 read perhaps שָׁלֹם 𝔊 Siegf Be Toy; Co שָׁלֵם; Krae conj. שָׁמֵן; אַנְשֵׁי הַשֵּׁם Breishis 6:4 (J), Bamidbar 16:2 (J), אַנְשֵׁי שַׁמוֹת Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:24; Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:31 (van d. H. v Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:30); c. neg. בְּנֵי בְלִי־שֵׁם Iyov 30:8; (2) bad sense, וְהוֹצִא עָלֶיהָ שֵׁם רָ֑ע Devarim 22:14, cf. v Devarim 22:19 Nechemia 6:13; = byword Yechezkel 23:10; טְמֵאַת הַשּׁ׳ Yechezkel 22:5.

especially as giving a man a kind of posthumous life, especially in his sons, אֵין־לִי בֵן בַּעֲבוּר הַזְכִּיר שְׁמִי Shmuel Beis 18:18, לְהָקִים לְאָחִיו שֵׁם בְּ׳ Devarim 25:7, cf. v Devarim 25:6 Rus 4:5, Rus 4:10, without whom it is blotted out, etc., Devarim 25:6, cf. Bamidbar 27:4 (P), Rus 4:10, so that to destroy one’s name = extirpate family (and שֵׁם sometimes is ‖ זֶרַע) Shmuel Alef 24:22 (Gi v Shmuel Alef 24:21), Shmuel Beis 14:7 (‖ שְׁאֵרִית), so of peoples Devarim 7:24; Devarim 9:14; Devarim 12:3 Yeshaya 14:22 +; לֹא יָזָּרַע מִשִּׁמְךָ עוֹד Nachum 1:14 (of Nineveh); כֵּן יעֲמֹד זַרְעֲכֶם וְשִׁמְכֶם Yeshaya 66:22; more abstr. (‖ זֵכֶר) Iyov 18:17 Mishlei 10:7.

name, as designation of God, specif. of י׳ (especially Je Ez Yeshaya 2, Yeshaya 3 ψψ):—first (in Hex) in phr. ק׳ בְּשׁ׳ י׳ Breishis 4:26 (J), call with, i.e. use the name י׳ in worship, so Breishis 12:8; Breishis 13:4; Breishis 21:33; Breishis 26:35 + (v. קרא 2 c); hence, of place of worship, בְּכָל־הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר אַזְכִּיר אֶת־שְׁמִי שָׁם Shemos 20:21 (Gi v Shemos 20:18); אֶת־שְׁמוֹ שָׁם [לְשַׁכֵּן] לָשׂוּם Devarim 12:5, Devarim 12:11 +; בָּנָה בַּיִת לִשְׁמִי Shmuel Beis 7:13 + often; people come לְשׁ׳ י׳ Yehoshua 9:9 (R^D), so לְמַעַן שׁ׳ Melachim Alef 8:41 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:32, Yeshaya 60:9; seek it Tehillim 83:17; swear with בְּשׁ׳ י׳ Shmuel Alef 20:42 Devarim 6:13; Devarim 10:20 Vayikra 19:12, cf. (לַשָּׁוְא) Shemos 20:7^(×2) = Devarim 5:11^(×2); תָּפַשׂ שׁ׳ י׳ Mishlei 30:9; נִקְרָא שְׁמִי עַל־, etc., in token of ownership (cf. 2 a), Yirmiya 7:10 + (v. p. 896 a); = his reputation, fame, c. עָשָׂה לוֹ, v. 1 b (1), cf. Yehoshua 7:9; בְּשׁ׳ י׳, i.e. as his representative Shemos 5:23 (J), Shmuel Alef 17:45 Devarim 10:8 Shmuel Beis 6:18 Melachim Beis 2:24 + (v. 2 a ad fin.); especially as embodying the (revealed) character of י׳: י׳ שְׁמוֹ Amos 5:8; Amos 9:6 Yirmiya 33:2, זֶה שְּׁמִי לְעֹלָם Shemos 3:15 (E; ‖ זֵכֶר; fundamental passage), Shemos 6:3 (P); צְבָאוֹת שְׁמוֹ (א׳) י׳ Amos 4:13; Amos 5:27 Yirmiya 10:16; Yirmiya 46:18 + 10 times Je Yeshaya 2, י׳ קַנָּא שְׁמוּ Shemos 34:14 (J; cf. Shemos 20:5 Nachum 1:2), קָדוֹשׁ שׁ׳ Yeshaya 57:15, שׁ׳ קָדְשִׁי[וֹ] Amos 2:7 Yechezkel 39:7; Yechezkel 43:7 Tehillim 103:1 + often; hence object of knowledge Yeshaya 52:6 Yirmiya 48:17, יֹדְעֵי שְׁמֶ֑ךָ Tehillim 9:11 (‖ דֹּרְשֶׁיךָ), love Yeshaya 56:6, אֹהֲבֵי שׁ׳ Tehillim 5:12; Tehillim 69:37; Tehillim 119:132, fear Tehillim 61:6, especially of praise, etc. (הִלֵּל, הִזְכִּיר, הוֹדָה, בֵּרַךְ, etc.): לְשִׁמְךָ אֲזַמֵּר Shmuel Beis 22:50 (‖ אוֹדְךָ, and so very often ‖ י׳) = Tehillim 18:50, cf. Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:10; Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:13 Tehillim 45:18 Yeshaya 26:13 Melachim Alef 8:33, Melachim Alef 8:35 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:24, Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:26 Tehillim 8:2, Tehillim 8:10 +; הָבוּ לי׳ כְּבוֹד שְׁמוֹ Tehillim 29:2; Tehillim 96:8, and many combinations; opp. חִלֵּל אֶת־שׁ׳ א׳ Vayikra 18:21 +, נקב שׁ׳ י׳ Vayikra 24:16, נִאֵץ שׁ׳ Tehillim 74:10, Tehillim 74:18, etc.; הַשּׁ׳ הַנִּכְבָּד וְהַנּוֹרָא Devarim 28:58, cf. Nechemia 1:11, לְמַעַן שִׁמְךָ, in appeals to י׳ to act according to his character Yirmiya 14:7, Yirmiya 14:21 Yechezkel 20:9, Yechezkel 20:14 Yeshaya 48:9; Yeshaya 66:5 Tehillim 25:11; Tehillim 31:4 +; שׁ׳ י׳ is powerful agent, בְּשִׁמְךָ הוֹשִׁיעֵנִי Tehillim 54:3 (‖ בִּגְבוּרָתְךָ), cf. Tehillim 124:8; of מַלְאַךְ י׳, י׳ says שְׁמִי בְּקִרְבּוֹ Shemos 23:21 (E); הַשֵּׁם Vayikra 24:11 is prob. scribal substitution for word י׳ (already beginning to be thought ineffable, especially c. וַיִּקֹּב cf. Gei^{Urschr. 273 f.} Di Dr-Wh Baen); on development of this usage, and Jewish use of הַשּׁ׳ as personif. or hypostasis, v. Levy^{NHWB s. v.} Jastr ^{s. v.}.—קָרוֹב שְׁמֶ֑ךָ Tehillim 75:2 is striking, but doubtful, < 𝔊 Dy Che Gr Hup-Now קֹרְאֵי שׁ׳, Du קָרָנוּ בִשׁ׳ (= קָרָאנוּ).

of false gods, use forbidden Shemos 23:13 (E), Yehoshua 23:7 (R^D), cf. Hoshea 2:19 Tehillim 16:4; speak בְּשֵׁם אלהים אחרים Devarim 18:20; קָרָא בְשׁ׳ א׳ Melachim Alef 18:24, Melachim Alef 18:25, Melachim Alef 18:26; יֵלְכוּ בְשׁ׳ א׳ Micha 4:5.

= memorial, monument Yeshaya 55:13 (‖ אוֹת; so Che Du > = fame Di-Kit), יָד וָשֵׁם טוֹב מִבָּנִים וגו׳ Yeshaya 56:5 (with word-play on שׁ׳ 2 c).

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שֵׁם²

n.pr.m. first son of Noah;—Breishis 5:32; Breishis 6:10; Breishis 7:13; Breishis 10:1, Breishis 10:22, Breishis 10:31; Breishis 11:10^(×2), Breishis 11:11 (all P), Breishis 9:18, Breishis 9:23, Breishis 9:26, Breishis 9:27; Breishis 10:21 (all J), Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:4, Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:17, Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:24; Σημ.

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שְׁמוּאֵל

n.pr.m. Samuel (= name of Ēl Thes al. (or, his name is Ēl Hom^{Heb. Trad. 98 f.} Wkl^{KAT3 225} Now Shmuel Alef 1:20), cf. פְּנוּאֵל, רְעוּאֵל; v. Dr Shmuel Alef 1:20; Prät^{ZMG 1903, 777 ff.} caritative from יִשְׁמָעֵאל; Palm. שמואל Lzb ³⁷⁷; v. further Gie^{AT1 Schätzung d. Gottesn. (1901), 102 ff.});—

great prophet, 11th cent. b.c., Σαμουηλ: Shmuel Alef 1:20 (name expl. as if from שָׁאַל), Shmuel Alef 1:18, Shmuel Alef 1:21, Shmuel Alef 1:26 + 125 times 1 S, Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:13, Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:18; Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:22; Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:3; Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:28; Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:29; Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:18; Yirmiya 15:1 Tehillim 99:6.

in Simeon, Bamidbar 34:20 (P), Σαλαμιηλ.

in Issachar Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:2, (Ι)σαμουηλ.

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שְׁמִידָ֑ע

n.pr.m. in Manasseh (the name knoweth? cf. Sab. ידעסמהו DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 16});—Bamidbar 26:22 (Συμαερ), Yehoshua 17:2 Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:19, Συμαρειμ, etc.; 𝔊L Σαμ(ε)ιδα(ε).

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שִׁמְאָה

n.pr.m. in Benjamin Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:32 Σεμαα, Σαμαα, etc., = following.

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שִׁמְאָם

n.pr.m. = foreg., Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:38, Σαμα(α).

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שַׁמָּא

v. שַׁמָּה, √ שׁמם.

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שַׁמְגַּר

n.pr.m. a ‘judge,’ son of Anath, Shoftim 3:31; Shoftim 5:6, Σαμα[ε]γαρ (on this name (Hittite?) cf. GFM Shoftim 3:31; Nö^{ZMG xiii (1888), 479} conj. שׁמגד.)

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שַׁמָּה

v. שׁמם.

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שַׁמְהוּת

n.pr.m. captain of Israel Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:8, Σαλαωθ, A 𝔊L Σαμαωθ; prob. = ii. שַׁמָּה 3 b, q.v.

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שְׁמוּאֵל²

v. sub שֵׁם.

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שַׁמּוֹת

v. ii. שַׁמָּה, √ שׁמם.

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שַׁמַּי

v. √ שׁמם.

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שְׁמִידָע

-דָעִי v. שֵׁם.

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שַׁמְלַי

Ezra 2:46, v. שַׂלְמַי.

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שְׁמִטָּה

n.f. a letting drop of exactions, a (temporary) remitting: תַּעֲשֶׂה שׁ׳ Devarim 15:1 (at end of seven years), v Devarim 15:2 כִּי קָרָא שׁ׳ לי׳; whence seventh year is שְׁנַת הַשּׁ׳ v Devarim 15:9; Devarim 31:10.

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שָׁמֵם

vb. be desolated, appalled (connex. of meanings not clear) (NH id.; J.Aram שְׁמַם Ithp. be dazed);—

Pf. 3 fs. שָׁמֵ֑מָה Yechezkel 35:15, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשֹּׁם Melachim Alef 9:8 +, 3 mpl. יָשֹׁ֫מּוּ Iyov 17:8 Tehillim 40:16, etc.; Imv. mpl. שֹׁ֫מּוּ Yirmiya 2:12; Inf. cstr. (?) metapl. שַׁמּוֹת Yechezkel 36:3 (Ges^{§ 67r}, but v. infra);—תֵּשַׁם, etc. (v. [יָשַׁם]) are placed here by most; Yechezkel 6:6 reads תִּישָׁ֑מְנָה, v. Ges^{§ 67 p dd};—Pt. שׁוֹמֵם Eicha 3:11 (v. also Pōʿ.); f. שֹׁמֵמָ֔ה (Ges^{§ 84 a s}) Shmuel Beis 13:20 +; pl. שׁוֹמֵמִין Eicha 1:4, etc.;—

be desolated, of Tamar Shmuel Beis 13:20 (i.e. deflowered, or deserted; others appalled), of pers. elsewhere late Eicha 1:16; נְתָנַנִי שֹׁמֵמָה v Eicha 1:13, שָׂמַנִ֫י שׁ׳ Eicha 3:11; pt. as n.f. בְּנֵי שׁוֹמֵמָה Yeshaya 54:1 (opp. בְּעוּלָה) [Daniel 8:13 + v. Pōʿ.]; usually of land, etc. (sometimes = deserted), Yeshaya 49:8; Yechezkel 33:28 (מֵאֵין עוֹבֵר), Yechezkel 35:12 (read שָֽׁמְמוּ Qr Co Toy Krae; > Kt שׁממה), v Yechezkel 33:15; הֶחֳרָבוֹת הַשֹּׁמְמוֹת Yechezkel 36:4 (‖ הֶעָרִים הַנֶּעֱזָבוֹת); שַׁמּוֹת v Yechezkel 33:3 is prob. corrupt, Co שְׁאָט as v Yechezkel 33:5, Hi-Sm from שׁמה = נשׁם, Toy נָשֹׁם, Krae נְשֹׁם, Eicha 1:4; Eicha 5:18; pt. fpl. as n. = desolate places Yeshaya 49:19; Yeshaya 61:4 (both ‖ חֳרָבוֹת), v Yeshaya 61:4 (cf. שְׁמָמָה Yeshaya 62:4); = desolations Daniel 9:18, Daniel 9:26.

be appalled, awestruck, usually at (עַל) judgments on others, Vayikra 26:32 (H), Yirmiya 2:12 (v. II. [חָרֵב]), Yechezkel 26:16; Yechezkel 27:35; Yechezkel 28:19; Yeshaya 52:14; Iyov 17:8, cf. Melachim Alef 9:8 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:21, Yirmiya 18:16; Yirmiya 19:8; Yirmiya 49:17; Yirmiya 50:13; on oneself Tehillim 40:16 (עַל־עֵקֶב).—Yeshaya 42:14 v. [נשׁם].

Pf. 3 fs. נָשַׁ֫מָּה Yirmiya 12:11 +, 3 pl. נָשַׁ֫מּוּ Tzefania 3:6 +; Pt. f. נְשַׁמָּה Yechezkel 36:34 +, etc.;—= Qal:

be desolated, of roads Vayikra 26:22 (H), Yeshaya 33:8, bamoth Amos 7:9 (‖ יֶחֱרָ֑בוּ), altars Yechezkel 6:4; cf. Yechezkel 25:3; Yechezkel 32:15 Tzefania 3:6; Zecharia 7:14; Yoel 1:17 Tehillim 69:26; lands Yirmiya 12:11; Yechezkel 29:12; Yechezkel 30:7; Yechezkel 36:34, Yechezkel 36:35, cities Yeshaya 54:3 (opp. יוֹשִׁיבוּ), cf. Yechezkel 36:35; Amos 9:14; Yirmiya 33:10; הַנְּשַׁמָּה Yechezkel 36:36 the desolated (sc. land, in fig.).

be appalled Yirmiya 4:9; Eicha 4:5; Yechezkel 4:17; Yechezkel 30:7, c. עַל rei Iyov 18:20.

Pt.

וָאֵֽשְׁבָה מְשׁוֹמֵם Ezra 9:3 I sat appalled, cf. v Ezra 9:4.

transit. appalling, causing horror (Dr ^{Dn 150 f.}): (הַ)שִּׁקּוּץ מְשֹׁמֵם Daniel 11:31, + perhaps Daniel 9:27 (v. שִׁקּוּץ); so also שִׁקּ׳ שֹׁמֵם Daniel 12:11 (on שׁ׳ v. Ges^{§ 52s}), הַפֶּשַׁע שֹׁמֵם Daniel 8:13 the crime causing horror, and שׁ׳ as n. Horror-causer, appaller, Daniel 9:27.

Pf. 2 ms. הֲשִׁמּ֫וֹתָ Iyov 16:7, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשִּׁים (Ges^{§ 67y}) Yirmiya 49:20; Yirmiya 50:45, 3 mpl. sf. וַיְשִׁמֵּם Shmuel Alef 5:6, 1 pl. נַשִּׁים Bamidbar 21:30, etc.; Imv. mpl. הָשַׁמּוּ (Ges^{§ 67v}) Iyov 21:5; Inf. abs. הַשְׁמֵם Micha 6:13; Pt. מַשְׁמִים Yechezkel 3:15;—

devastate, ravage, acc. pers. Shmuel Alef 5:6; Yechezkel 20:26; Hoshea 2:14 (fig. of vine), Iyov 16:7; acc. loc. Vayikra 26:31, Vayikra 26:32 (H), Yirmiya 10:25; Yechezkel 30:12, Yechezkel 30:14 Tehillim 79:7, so (acc. om.) Bamidbar 21:30 (poem in JE), Micha 6:13;—Yechezkel 14:8 v. שִׂים Hiph.

appall, acc. pers., c. עַל at, Yirmiya 49:20; Yirmiya 50:45; Yechezkel 32:10.

inwardly trans., וָאֵשֵׁב מַשׁ׳ Yechezkel 3:15 shewing horror, Iyov 21:5 (Bu Niph. הִשַּׁמּוּ).

Inf. abs. כָּל־יְמֵי הָשַּׁמָּה (sc. הָאָרֶץ) Vayikra 26:34 (H) all the days of (its) being desolate, so v Vayikra 26:35 Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:21; Aramaizing, בָּהְשַׁמָּה (Ges^{§ 67y}) Vayikra 26:43.

Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁתּוֹמֵם Tehillim 143:4, etc.;—

be appalled, astounded, כִּי that, because, Yeshaya 59:16; Yeshaya 63:5; עַל rei Daniel 8:27; בְּתוֹכִי יִשְׁתּ׳ לְבִּי Tehillim 143:4 (cf. 1 pl. נשתומם Ecclus Ben Sira 43:24).

cause oneself desolation, ruin, Koheles 7:16 (תִּשּׁוֹמֵם, var. תִּשְׁתּוֹמֵם).

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שָׁמֵם²

adj. devastated;—שׁ׳ of sanctuary Daniel 9:17; f. שְׁמֵמָה of land Yirmiya 12:11.

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שְׁמָמָה

n.f. a devastation, waste;—abs. שׁ׳ Shemos 23:29 +; pl. cstr. שִׁמְמוֹת Yirmiya 51:26 +;—waste, usually of land, city, houses, etc., Shemos 23:29 (E), Yeshaya 1:7 (prob. del., with words foll. Stu^{JPTh. 1877, 714} FB^{JBL (1890), 84}), Vayikra 26:33 (H), Yirmiya 4:27 + 14 times Je (‖ מֵאֵין אָדָם וגו׳ Yirmiya 32:43, מֵאֵין ישֵׁב Yirmiya 34:22), Yechezkel 6:14 + 18 times Ez (Yechezkel 35:7 read שְׁמָמָה וּמְשַׁמָּה for MT שִֽׁמְמָה וּשְׁמָמָה, so Hi Co Toy Krae al.) +; of prince, יִלְבַּשׁ שׁ׳ Yechezkel 7:27; of idols Micha 1:7; כּוֹס שַׁמָּה וּשׁ׳ Yechezkel 23:33.—Yechezkel 35:12 v. שׁמם Qal.

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שִֽׁמְמָה

Yechezkel 35:7 v. foregoing.

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שַׁמָּא²

n.pr.m. in Asher, Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:37, Σεμ(μ)α, etc.

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שַׁמָּה²

n.f. waste, appalment (24 times Je);—abs. שׁ׳ Yirmiya 5:30 +; pl. abs. שַׁמּוֹת Tehillim 46:9;—

a waste, of land, etc., Tehillim 46:9 Hoshea 5:9; Yeshaya 5:9; Yeshaya 13:9; Yeshaya 24:12; Zecharia 7:14; Yirmiya 2:15; Yirmiya 4:7; Yirmiya 18:16; Yirmiya 19:8; Yirmiya 46:19; Yirmiya 48:9; Yirmiya 50:3; Yirmiya 51:29, Yirmiya 51:43, vine Yoel 1:7; pers. Tehillim 73:19; כּוֹס שׁ׳ וּשְׁמָמָה Yechezkel 23:33.

appalment, horror, i.e. occasion of it; of people, land, etc., Devarim 28:37; Melachim Beis 22:19; Micha 6:16; Tzefania 2:15; Yirmiya 5:30; Yirmiya 25:9, Yirmiya 25:11, Yirmiya 25:18, Yirmiya 25:38; Yirmiya 29:18; Yirmiya 42:18; Yirmiya 44:12, Yirmiya 44:22; Yirmiya 49:13, Yirmiya 49:17; Yirmiya 50:23; Yirmiya 51:37, Yirmiya 51:41; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:8; Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:7; שׁ׳ הֶחֱזִקָ֑תְנִי Yirmiya 8:21.

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שַׁמָּה³

n.pr.m.

in Edom Breishis 36:13, Breishis 36:17; Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:37, usually Σομε.

third son of Jesse Shmuel Alef 16:9; Shmuel Alef 17:13, Σαμ(μ)α, 𝔊L Σαμαα; v. שִׁמְעָא, שִׁמְעָה, שִׁמִעִי.

Σαμαια(ς), etc., heroes of David:

Shmuel Beis 23:11 (om. accid. ‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:13 Dr), v Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:33.

v Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:25 = שַׁמּוֹת Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:27, Σαμαωθ, Σαμ(μ)ωθ; prob. also שַׁמְהוּת Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:8.

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שַׁמּוֹת²

n.pr.m. v. foregoing.

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שַׁמַּי²

n.pr.m. in Judah:

Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:28^(×2), Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:32, Σαμ(μ)αι, etc.

Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:44, Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:45, Σαμαι.

Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:17, Σεμεν, Σεμμαι, Σαμι.

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שָׁמֵן

vb. grow fat (NH Hiph. id., also שֶׁמֶן; Arabic سَمِنَ be fat; Aramaic ܫܡܶܢ, especially der. spec. and deriv.; שְׁמֵין adj. fat: Assyrian šamnu, fat; Ph. (Pun.) שמן oil, so Palm. שמנא Lzb³⁷⁸; on relation of meanings Frä¹⁴⁷);—

Pf. 2 ms. שָׁמַ֫נְתָּ Devarim 32:15 and Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁמַן v Devarim 32:15 both of Israel (propserous and arrogant) under fig. of fat beast; so Pf. 3 pl. שָֽׁמְנוּ Yirmiya 5:28 (of wicked).

Impf. 3 mpl. וַיַּשְׁמִינוּ Nechemia 9:25 were sated and shewed fatness (inner causat.); Imv. ms. הַשְׁמֵן Yeshaya 6:10 make fat (dull, unreceptive), לֵב הָעָם הַזֶּה.

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שָׁמֵן²

adj. fat, robust;—שׁ׳ m. Shoftim 3:29 +, f. שְׁמֵנָה Breishis 49:20 +;—

fat, rich, of food, Breishis 49:20 (poem in J), Yeshaya 30:23 (+ דָּשֵׁן), Chavakuk 1:16 (‖ בְּרִאָה); of land, fertile Bamidbar 13:20 (E), Nechemia 9:25, Nechemia 9:35, pasturage Yechezkel 34:14 Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:40. (Shmuel Alef 15:9 v. מִשְׁנֶה 3).

stout, robust, of men Shoftim 3:29 (‖ אִישׁ חַיִל; v. GFM); f. coll. (fig. of flock) Yechezkel 34:16 (+ הַחֲזָקָה).

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שָׁמָן

n.[m.] fat, fertile, place;—pl. cstr. מִשְׁמַנֵּי הָאָרֶץ (Ges^{§§ 20 a, 93 ee}) Breishis 27:28 (poem in J; מִן partit.), v Breishis 27:39 (poem in E; מִן priv. according to Thes Ew Di Gunk al.; < partit. here as v b, 𝔙 [𝔊 ἀπὸ in both], AV RV Nö^{Ency. Bib. 1184}, cf. Dr).

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שֶׁ֫מֶן

n.m. Melachim Beis 20:13 (on appar. f. Shir HaShirim 1:3 cf. Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 99, 106}) fat, oil;—שׁ׳ abs. Breishis 28:18 +, cstr. Vayikra 8:2 +; שָׁ֑׳ Melachim Beis 4:6 +; sf. שַׁמְנִי Hoshea 2:7 +, etc.; pl. שְׁמָנִים Amos 6:6 +; sf. שְׁמָנֶיךָ Shir HaShirim 1:3, -נַיִךְ Shir HaShirim 4:10;—

fat, fatness: קֶרֶן בֶּן־שׁ׳ Yeshaya 5:1 (of fertile slope); pl. גֵּיא־שְׁמָנִים Yeshaya 28:1, Yeshaya 28:4; of food (in fig.) Yeshaya 25:6^(×2); lit. בְּשָׂרִי כַּחַשׁ מִשָּׁ֑מֶן Tehillim 109:24 (cf. צוֹם v a), cf. מִפְּנֵי שׁ׳ Yeshaya 10:27 (in fig., si vera l., meaning obscure; most now emend by conjecture; RS^{JPh xiii (1885), 62} עָלָה מִצָּפוֹן שֹׁדֵד [v. also II. חבל], joining to v Yeshaya 10:28; Du Marti has gone up from P^ene-Rimmon [??], cf. Di-Kit).

oil, specif. olive-oil, as rich product Devarim 8:8 + (v. זַיִת); hence עֵץ שׁ׳ Yeshaya 41:19 oil-tree, usually explained as wild olive, oleaster, so Nechemia 8:15 (‖ זַיִת), עֲצֵי שׁ׳ oleaster-wood Melachim Alef 6:23, Melachim Alef 6:31, Melachim Alef 6:32, Melachim Alef 6:33; once שׁ׳ הַמֹּר Esther 2:2 (v. מֹר p. 600b; מ׳ also in holy anointing oil Shemos 30:23).

שׁ׳ as staple (condiment) Bamidbar 11:8 (J; v. לשׁד), of value Melachim Alef 17:12, Melachim Alef 17:14, Melachim Alef 17:16; Melachim Beis 2:4, Melachim Beis 2:6, Melachim Beis 2:7 + 4 times; symb. of plenty Devarim 32:13; Devarim 33:24; Iyov 29:6; ascribed (falsely) to gift of Baals Hoshea 2:7; as royal treasure Melachim Beis 20:13 = Yeshaya 39:2, cf. Melachim Alef 5:25 (שׁ׳ כָּתִית, v. כ׳) = Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:9, Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:14 + 3 times; tribute Hoshea 12:2, art. of trade Yechezkel 27:17; odoriferous Mishlei 27:9; Shir HaShirim 1:3; Shir HaShirim 4:10, שׁ׳ רוֹקֵחַ Koheles 10:1, so (fig.) Shir HaShirim 1:3; Koheles 7:1; Mishlei 27:16 is corrupt, v. Toy; sign of luxury Yechezkel 16:13; Mishlei 21:17, of prosperity Yechezkel 16:20.

שׁ׳ as medicament Yeshaya 1:6; as unguent, for shield Shmuel Beis 1:21, person Amos 6:6; Micha 6:15; Devarim 28:40; Yechezkel 16:9; Esther 2:12 Tehillim 92:11; Tehillim 104:15, not for mourner Shmuel Beis 14:2; on head, token of happiness Koheles 9:8, of hospitality, דִּשַּׁנְתָּ בַּשּׁ׳ רֹאשִׁי Tehillim 23:5 (fig.), in sim. Tehillim 133:2; Tehillim 141:5.

for anointing king, פַּךְ הַשּׁ׳ Shmuel Alef 10:1; Melachim Beis 9:1, Melachim Beis 9:3, cf. v Tehillim 45:6, c. קֶרֶן Shmuel Alef 16:1, Shmuel Alef 16:13; Melachim Alef 1:39; cf. בְּשׁ׳ קָדְשִׁי מְשַׁחְתִּיו Tehillim 89:21.

in various figs., of joy שׁ׳ שָׂשׂוֹן Yeshaya 61:3 Tehillim 45:8; soft words Tehillim 55:22 Mishlei 5:3; as penetrating Tehillim 109:18; as clear, transparent Yechezkel 32:14.

used in primitive worship, poured on stone Breishis 28:18 (E), Breishis 35:14 (J).

in later ritual: for anointing priests, tabern., altar utensils, etc. (P), made of various ingred., שׁ׳ זַיִת among them, Shemos 30:24, שׁ׳ הָמִּשְׁחָה Shemos 25:6 Vayikra 8:2, Vayikra 8:10, Vayikra 8:12 + 11 times; שׁ׳ מִשְׁחַת־קֹדֶשׁ Shemos 30:25^(×2) + 2 times; שׁ׳ מ׳ י׳ Vayikra 10:7, שׁ׳ מ׳ אֱלֹהָיו Vayikra 21:12; שׁ׳ הַקּ׳ Bamidbar 35:25; שׁ׳ alone Vayikra 14:10 + 12 times Vayikra 14; for lighting Shemos 25:6 + 6 times + שׁ׳ זַיִת זָךְ כָּתִית Shemos 27:20; Vayikra 24:2 (v. כָּתִית); poured upon מִנְחָה Vayikra 2:1 + 5 times, cf. Vayikra 5:11 Bamidbar 5:15; smeared (v. מָשַׁח) upon wafers Shemos 29:2; Vayikra 2:4 +, and cakes (or mixed in the making? cf. בָּלַל) Shemos 29:2; Vayikra 2:4, Vayikra 2:5 +, so סֹלֶת בַּשׁ׳ Vayikra 2:7, etc. (c. 45 times in all), חַלַּת לֶחֶם שׁ׳ Shemos 29:23; Vayikra 8:26.

for use in temple Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:29.

for תְּרוּמָה in Ezekiel’s temple Yechezkel 45:14^(×2) + 7 times Yechezkel 45, Yechezkel 46.

efficacy denied Micha 6:7. †k. offered to idols Yeshaya 57:9; Yechezkel 16:18, Yechezkel 16:19; Yechezkel 23:41.—Vid. Macalister^{HastDB Oil} ARS Kennedy^{Ency. Bib. Oil}.

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שְׁמֹנֶה

(less often שְׁמוֹנֶה), שְׁמֹנָה₁₀₉ n.m. et f. eight (on—ֶ cf. Ba^{NB 20, 200} and (against him) Philippi^{BAS ii. 364}; Arabic ثَمَانٍ, ثَمَانِيَةٌ, Sab. תֿמני(ת) Hom^{Chr 47, 122} DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 369 f., 375}; Aramaic תְּמָנֵי, תְּמַנְיָא, ܬܡܳܢܶܐ, ܬܡܳܢܝܳܐ; Nab. תמונא, Palm. תמניא, Lzb ³⁸⁶; NH = BH; Ph. שמן; Ethiopic ሰመንቱ, ሰማኒቱ on Assyrian equiv. v. Dl^{§ 75});—m. (c. n.f.) always abs. שְׁמֹנֶה Shoftim 3:8; + 40 times; f. (c. n.m.) abs. שְׁמֹנָה Shmuel Alef 17:12 + 34 times, cstr. שְׁמֹנַת Bamidbar 2:24 + 3 times (cases of 8 + 10 = 18 are additional, v. infr.); pl. שְׁמֹנִים, 80, v. infr.:—

without other num.:

שְׁמֹנֶה card., before n.pl. Shoftim 3:8 Melachim Alef 7:10 + 8 times; before n.sg. שָׁנָה Melachim Alef 8:17 (Kt; Qr pl.), Melachim Alef 22:1; after n.pl. Yechezkel 40:31; ordin. בִּשְׁנַת שׁ׳ לְ Melachim Beis 24:12, בִּשׁ׳ שָׁנִים לְ Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:3.

שְׁמֹנָה card., before n.pl. Shmuel Alef 17:12 + 3 times, + (n. om.) Yirmiya 14:15 + 2 times, also שׁ׳ אֵלֶּה Breishis 22:23 these 8, and, as round no., Micha 5:4 7 and 8 (i.e. plenty); after n.pl. Bamidbar 29:29; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:17; ordin., בְּיוֹם שׁ׳ לְ v Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:17.

f. cstr. שְׁמֹנַת יָמִים Breishis 17:12; Breishis 21:4, שׁ׳ הַבָּקָר Bamidbar 7:8.

8 + 10 = 18:

c. n.f. שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה, card.: bef. sg. שָׁנָה Shoftim 3:14 + 2 times, אַמָּה Melachim Alef 7:15 + 2 times; after n.pl. Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:9; Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:21; n. om. Ezra 8:18; Nechemia 7:11; ordin., בִּשְׁנַת שׁ׳ ע׳ לְ Melachim Alef 15:1 + 4 times; בִּשׁ׳ ע׳ שָׁנָה לְ Melachim Beis 22:3 + 2 times; הַשָּׁנָה שׁ׳ ע׳ שָׁנָה לְ Yirmiya 32:1.

c. n.m. שְׁמֹנָה עָשָׂר card.: bef. sg. אֶלֶף Shoftim 20:44 + 4 times + Tehillim 60:2 (title), so read for שְׁנֵים ע׳, cf. Shmuel Beis 8:13 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 18:12; before pl. Ezra 8:9; n. om. Breishis 14:14; ordin., n. om. Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:15; Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:15; שְׁמֹנַת עָשָׂר אֶלֶף Shoftim 20:25.

c. other numerals:

שְׁמֹנֶה מֵאוֹת Shmuel Beis 23:8 (so read also ‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:11 Kit Benz, cf. Th We Dr al.), + 16 times.

שְׁמֹנָה אֶלֶף Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:36 (v Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:35 van d. H.), Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:3; שְׁמֹנַת אֲלָפִים Bamidbar 2:24 + 3 times.

שׁ׳, card., after tens Shmuel Alef 4:15 + 20 times; before ten, only שׁ׳ וְעֶשְׂרִים בָּאַמָּה Shemos 26:2; Shemos 36:9; ordin., בִּשְׁנַת שְׁלשִׁים וּשׁ׳ שָׁנָה לְ Melachim Alef 16:29; Melachim Beis 15:8.

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שְׁמֹנִים

n.pl.indecl. an eighty;—without other num.: sq. sg. שָׁנָה Tehillim 90:10 + 4 times, אִישׁ Melachim Beis 10:24; Yirmiya 41:5; sq. n.pl. Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:17; Ezra 8:8; Shir HaShirim 6:8; n. om. Melachim Beis 6:25; Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:9; c. other num., card.: שׁ׳ אֶלֶף Bamidbar 2:9 + 6 times; שׁ׳ foll. units Breishis 5:25 + 4 times; precedes, Breishis 16:16 + 4 times; foll. 100, etc. Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:7 + 6 times; precedes, Breishis 5:26 + 2 times; ordin., בִּשׁ׳ שָׁנָה וְאַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה לְ Melachim Alef 6:1.

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שָׁמַע

vb. hear (NH id.; Ph. שמע Lzb³⁷⁸; Assyrian šemǔ; Arabic سَمِعَ; Sab. סמע, mostly in deriv., especially epith. div. סמע he who hears Hom^{Chr 124} Fell^{ZMG iiv (1900), 250, 252} DHM^{Hofmus. No. 10, l. 1}; Ethiopic ሰምዐ Aramaic שְׁמַע, ܫܡܰܥ, Old Aramaic שמע Lzb ³⁷⁸; cf. also משמעת MI ²⁸ obedience);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Breishis 24:52 +, שָׁמֵ֑עַ Yirmiya 36:13 + 3 times; 2 fs. שָׁמַעַתְּ Melachim Alef 1:11 + 2 times; 3 pl. שָׁמֵ֑עוּ Shoftim 2:17 + 12 times; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁמַע Shemos 6:30 +, 1 s. cohort. אֶשִׁמְעָה Bamidbar 9:8, וָאֶשְׁמֳעָה (on—ֳ cf. Ges^{§ 10 h}; Ol ^{§ 65 c.} qu. reading) Daniel 8:13; 2 mpl. תִּשְׁמְע֔וּן Devarim 8:20 +, תִּשְׁמָע֔וּן Devarim 1:17, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁמַע Amos 7:16 +, שִׁמְעָה Iyov 32:10 + (especially ψψ), שְׁמָ֮עָה֮ Daniel 9:19; fpl. שְׁמַ֫עְנָה Yeshaya 32:9; Yirmiya 9:19, שְׁמַ֫עַן Breishis 4:23 (Ges^{§ 46 f}), etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁמוֹעַ Yeshaya 6:9 +; cstr. שְׁמֹעַ Shmuel Alef 15:22 +; sf. שָׁמְעוֹ Devarim 29:18 +, שָׁמְעָתוֹ Yeshaya 30:19 (Ges^{§ 45 d}), etc.; Pt. שֹׁמֵעַ Breishis 42:23 +; f. שֹׁמַ֫עַת Breishis 18:10 +, etc.;—

subj. pers. hum. (vel rei personif.):

hear (perceive by ear), acc. rei, especially קוֹל Breishis 3:10 (J) + 46 times, דבר(ים) Amos 8:11 + 50 times, etc.; acc. חָכְמָה i.e. wise sayings Melachim Alef 5:14 + 4 times; any utterance or sound (c. 150 times) + (obj. om.) Devarim 4:33 + 32 times + (cl. temp.) Shmuel Alef 14:27 + 6 times; c. ב Shmuel Alef 14:6, שׁ׳ בְּסוֹד י׳ Iyov 15:8; Iyov 26:14; Iyov 37:2; c. obj. cl., כִּי Shemos 4:31 + 52 times + Yeshaya 39:1 (read כִּי שׁ׳ 𝔊 𝔖 ‖ Melachim Beis 20:12), אֶת־אֲשֶׁר Yehoshua 2:10; Yehoshua 5:1 (both R^D),—ֹֹמַה־ Shoftim 7:11 + 3 times; without connect. שׁ׳ אֹתָהּ עָשִׂיתִי †Melachim Beis 19:25 = Yeshaya 37:26; sq. orat. rect. †Yeshaya 40:28; Zecharia 8:23.

acc. pers. + מְדַבֵּר hear one speaking Breishis 27:6 (J), Yirmiya 26:7; Daniel 8:13, so בֹּכֶה Bamidbar 11:10 (J), נִבָּא Yirmiya 20:1, מְקַלְלֶ֑ךָ Koheles 7:21; occas. pers. om., דֹּבְרִים Breishis 37:17 (JE), אֶת־מִדַּבֵּר Yechezkel 2:2; Yechezkel 43:6 (v. דבר Hithp.); acc. pers. only Daniel 12:7.

c. לֵאמֹר only, hear say = hear it said, Shmuel Alef 13:4; Shmuel Beis 19:3; Devarim 13:13; Yehoshua 22:11 (P), Melachim Alef 16:16; + עַל pers. concerning Breishis 41:15 (E), Yeshaya 37:9; אֶל pers. id. Melachim Beis 19:9.

hear of, concerning: (1) acc. rei, אֵת (כָּל־)אֲשֶׁר Shemos 18:1; Melachim Beis 19:11 + 5 times, דבר(ים) Shmuel Alef 3:11 + 4 times, רָעָה Yirmiya 19:3 + 5 times, etc.; כַּאֲשֶׁר Shmuel Alef 23:11 Tehillim 48:9, כָּזֹאת Yeshaya 66:8 hear of anything like this, כָּאֵלֶּה Yirmiya 18:13; acc., etc., om. Shoftim 9:46 + 43 times; (2) less often acc. pers. Iyov 42:5, אֶל pers. Yechezkel 19:4, pers. om. Devarim 9:2; c. ב pers. hear exultantly of their fate †Tehillim 92:12 (prob. imitated from ‖ הִבִּיט בְּ v a; v. especially ראה 8 a (6)).

hear, abs., = have power to hear, Shmuel Beis 19:36 (c. בְּקוֹל), Yeshaya 21:3; Yeshaya 32:3; Mishlei 20:12; Zecharia 7:11; in sim. Tehillim 38:15; c. neg. of idols Devarim 4:28 Tehillim 115:6; fig. (spiritual power) Yirmiya 5:21; Devarim 29:3; Yechezkel 12:2; Yeshaya 42:20.—Mishlei 21:28 is probably corrupt, v. Toy.

hear with attention, interest, listen to (sometimes ‖ הֶאֱזִין, הִקְשִׁיב), acc. דבר(ים) (54 times) Amos 4:1 +, especially דבר(י) י׳ Bamidbar 12:6 (JE) + 45 times; אִמְרָה Yeshaya 28:23, קוֹל v Yeshaya 28:23, זֹאת Micha 3:9, etc.; often abs. Shoftim 5:3 + 57 times, + (neg.) Tehillim 38:14 pay no attention; abs. לֵב שֹׁמֵעַ Melachim Alef 3:9, אִישׁ שֹׁמֵעַ Mishlei 21:28.

understand (language), שָׂפָה Breishis 11:7 (J), Yeshaya 33:19, לָשׁוֹן Devarim 28:49, דְּבָרִים Yechezkel 3:6, מַה־יְּדַבֵּר Yirmiya 5:15, no acc. Breishis 42:23 (E), Melachim Beis 18:26 = Yeshaya 36:11.

specif. of hearing a (judicial) case, דָּבָר Devarim 1:17, cf. v Devarim 1:17; acc. om. בֵּין pers. v Devarim 1:16, of י׳ Shoftim 11:10; c. מִשְׁפָּט Melachim Alef 3:11; לִשׁ׳ הַטּוֹב וְהָרֵע Shmuel Beis 14:17, וְשֹׁמֵע אֵין לְךָ Shmuel Beis 15:3, cf. Iyov 31:35.

c. acc. pers. in polite address, hear us (me)! Breishis 23:6, Breishis 23:8, Breishis 23:11, Breishis 23:13, Breishis 23:15 (all P), Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:2; Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:4; Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:2; Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:20.

listen, give heed (sometimes ‖ הִקְשִׁיב), abs., Breishis 42:21 (E) + 18 times, + (usually ‖ הִטָּה אֹזֶן), Yirmiya 7:13 + 14 times Je, + (opp. חָדַל) Yechezkel 2:5 + 3 times Ez; + שִׂים עַל־לֵב Malachi 2:2; hear + do Devarim 5:21; Melachim Beis 18:12, etc.; = consent, agree, Breishis 37:27 (J), grant request Shoftim 11:17; c. ל pers. (mostly late) Shoftim 19:25; Shmuel Alef 30:24; Iyov 15:17 + 16 times, לי׳ Hoshea 9:17; Vayikra 26:14, Vayikra 26:18, Vayikra 26:21, Vayikra 26:27; לְדִבְרֵי י׳ Shmuel Alef 15:1, לְעֵצָה Mishlei 12:15. k. c. אֶל pers. + listen to, yield to Breishis 49:2; Shoftim 2:17 + 69 times (אֶל־י׳ 15 times, especially Yirmiya 7:26 + 10 times Je), עַל pers. Melachim Beis 20:13; אֶל־דִּבְרֵי etc., Devarim 18:19; Yirmiya 29:19 + 14 times, עַל־דִּבְרֵי etc., Melachim Beis 22:13 + 3 times; very rarely acc. rei Shmuel Alef 24:10 (Gi v Shmuel Alef 24:9). l. שׁ׳ לְקוֹל = id., obey, Breishis 3:17 (J) + 11 times + (לְקוֹל י׳) Shoftim 2:20; Shemos 15:26 (JE). m. very often, שׁ׳ בְּקוֹל = obey Shmuel Alef 8:7 + 25 times, + שׁ׳ בְּקוֹל י׳ (י׳’s word, etc.) Devarim 4:30; Yirmiya 3:13 + 65 times (Dt 18 times, Je 18 times). n. obey, c. acc. דבר(ים) Yehoshua 1:18 + 2 times + (ד׳ י׳) Yirmiya 11:3 + 5 times Je, Melachim Alef 12:24 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:4, etc.; acc. pers. Shemos 6:12 (P), Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:11. o. abs. be obedient (especially to י׳) Yeshaya 1:19; Micha 5:14; Yirmiya 12:17 + 4 times Je + 7 times.

י׳ (God) subj.:

acc. קוֹל, דברים, etc., Breishis 21:17 (E), Melachim Beis 19:4^(×2), Melachim Beis 19:16, usually with favour implied Bamidbar 20:16; Devarim 33:7 +, so especially acc. תְּפִלָּה, תְּחִנָּה, etc., Melachim Alef 8:45 Tehillim 6:10 +.

obj. cl. כִּי Breishis 29:33 (J).

no obj. (32 times) Yeshaya 59:2; Yirmiya 22:21, usually hear and forgive, help, etc., Melachim Alef 8:30, Melachim Alef 8:32; Yeshaya 30:19 +; hear and be angry Tehillim 78:59, cf. Tehillim 55:20.

= be able to hear Yeshaya 59:1 Tehillim 94:9.

שׁ׳ בְּקוֹל = hear (and grant) Breishis 30:6 (J) + 6 times.

hear and answer, c. אֶל of cry, etc., Breishis 21:17; Breishis 16:11 Melachim Alef 8:28 + 8 times; c. אֶל pers. Devarim 3:26 + 12 times.

c. לְ of utterance Yirmiya 18:19 Tehillim 61:6; ל pers. Yehoshua 24:10 (E).

hear, acc. pers. + מִתְנוֹדֵד Yirmiya 31:18; favourably, c. acc. pers. Micha 7:7 + 3 times, so, + ל concerning, Breishis 17:20 (P); obj. om. Melachim Beis 22:19 Tehillim 22:25 + 3 times + Tehillim 34:7, Tehillim 34:18 (hear and deliver); c. cl. temp. Yirmiya 11:14.

Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁמַע Breishis 45:16 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁמַע Shemos 23:13 +, יִשָּׁמֵ֑עַ Shmuel Alef 1:13, etc.; Inf. cstr. הִשָּׁמַע Esther 2:8; Pt. f. נִשְׁמַ֫עַת Yirmiya 51:46, etc.;—

be heard, of voice, sound, etc., Shmuel Alef 1:13; Melachim Alef 6:7; Iyov 26:14 (or 1 pl. Qal Impf.?); of a report, נִשׁ׳ … לֵאמֹר Breishis 45:16 (E); subj. cl., כִּי, Nechemia 6:1 (ל pers.), cf. cl. וְהַיְהוּדִים חשְׁבִים Nechemia 6:6; v Nechemia 6:7 be reported, (לַמֶּלֶךְ) כַּדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה; be heard, לִפְנֵי אֱלֹהֶיךָ Daniel 10:12.

be heard of, כָּמֹהוּ Devarim 4:32.

be regarded, obeyed, Koheles 9:17; in Shmuel Beis 22:45 = Tehillim 18:45 it is be obedient (לִי), si vera l. (read perhaps Qal, cf. Now).

וַיִּשּׁ׳ בְּקוֹלָם Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:27 = (favourable) hearing was granted to their voice.

Impf. 3 ms. וַיְשַׁמַּע Shmuel Alef 15:4 he caused the people (acc.) to hear (and respond, i.e. he assembled them), so Shmuel Alef 23:8 (v. Hiph. 1 d).

Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁמִיעַ Melachim Alef 15:22 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יַשְׁמִעֵנִי Devarim 30:12, Devarim 30:13; 2 ms. juss. תַּשְׁמַע Shoftim 18:25, etc.; Imv. ms. sf. הַשְׁמִיעֵנִי Tehillim 143:8; fs. sf. הַשְׁמִיעִנִי Shir HaShirim 2:14; Shir HaShirim 8:13, etc.; Inf. cstr. לַשְׁמִעַ Tehillim 26:7 (Ges^{§ 53q}); Pt. מַשְׁמִיעַ Yirmiya 4:15 +, etc.;—

of man:

cause to hear, acc. pers. + rei Devarim 30:12, Devarim 30:13; Shir HaShirim 2:14; Shir HaShirim 8:13 + 4 times; obj. rei om. (= make proclamation to) Melachim Alef 15:22; obj. pers. om. Yirmiya 5:20 +; acc. שָׁלוֹם †Yeshaya 52:7; Nachum 2:1 i.e. proclaim peace; אָוֶן †Yirmiya 4:15 (מִן loc.); הַשׁ׳ קוֹל utter a sound Yehoshua 6:10 (J; ‖ הֵרִיעַ), cf. Shoftim 18:25 (קוֹלְךָ, + עִמָּנוּ), Yeshaya 42:2; Yeshaya 58:4; הִשׁ׳ קוֹל תְּהִלָּתוֹ †Tehillim 66:8, בְּקוֹל תּוֹדָה †Tehillim 26:7.

abs. as musical term, sound aloud, בִּמְצִלְתַּיִם לְהַשְׁמִיעַ Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:19 (perhaps to mark the time, Gr Tehillim 67 De: cf. Tehillim 16:5; also Tehillim 150:5 בְּצִלְצְלֵי שָׁ֑מַע), מַשְׁמִיעִים Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:16, Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:28; Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:42, לְהַשׁ׳ קוֹל אֶחָד Divrei HaYamim Beis 5:13 i.e. prob. in unison (Prince^{EB iii. 3241}), Nechemia 12:42.

abs. make proclamation (often ‖ הִגִּיד), Amos 3:9; Amos 4:5; Yeshaya 41:26; Yirmiya 4:5 + 6 times Je.

הַשְׁמִיעוּ, acc. pers. + אֶל loc. = summon Yirmiya 50:29, עַל loc. Yirmiya 51:27 (cf. Pi.).

י׳ subj.:

cause to hear, acc. pers. et rei Devarim 4:10, Devarim 4:36 (מִן loc.), Melachim Beis 7:6 + 4 times; acc. pers. om. Yeshaya 30:30 + 3 times; acc. rei om. Yeshaya 44:8; Yeshaya 48:5.

= tell, acc. pers. + כָּזֹאת Shoftim 13:23; acc. pers. only, Yeshaya 42:9; acc. rei only, Yeshaya 48:3; Yechezkel 36:15 (אֵלַיִךְ).

abs., make proclamation Yeshaya 43:12; Yeshaya 62:11 (אֶל loc.).

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שֶׁ֫מַע

n.[m.] sound;—הַלְלוּהוּ בְּצִלְצְלֵי שָׁ֑מַע Tehillim 150:5 (‖ תְּרוּעָה).

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שֶׁ֫מַע²

n.pr.m. usually Σαμα(α), Σεμαα (cf. Sab. n.pr. סמע Hal⁵⁰⁹);—

in Judah Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:44, שָׁ֑מַע v Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:43.

in Reuben Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:8.

in Benj. Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:13 (= שִׁמְעִי v Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:21).

post-ex. Nechemia 8:4, Σαμαιας.

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שֵׁ֫מַע

n.[m.] hearing, report (on form cf. Lag^{BN 143});—שׁ׳ abs. Yeshaya 23:5; cstr. v Yeshaya 23:5 +; sf. שִׁמְעִי Yeshaya 66:19, etc.;—report, usually c. genit. obj.: acc. with שָׁמַע Breishis 29:13 (J) the tidings about Jacob, Yeshaya 23:5 + (c. sf.) Bamidbar 14:15 (JE), Devarim 2:25; Melachim Alef 10:1 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:1; Nachum 3:19; Chavakuk 3:2; Yirmiya 37:5; Yirmiya 50:43; Yeshaya 66:19, c. ל genit. Yeshaya 23:5; לַעֲדָתָם Hoshea 7:12 usually according to the report (heard by) their congregation (!), but inexpl. and prob. corrupt, We Now; Marti (cf. Oettli) עַל־רָעָתָם (כְּשֵׁמַע as gloss) according to their wickedness; נָשָׂא שׁ׳ שָׁוְא Shemos 23:1 (E) take up (utter) a false report; לְשׁ׳ אֹזֶן Tehillim 18:45 i.e. as soon as heard of, = mere report Iyov 42:5 (opp. personal knowledge), cf. שִׁמְעָהּ Iyov 28:22.

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שְׁמַע

n.pr.loc. in S. Judah, Yehoshua 15:26, Σα(λ)μα(α).

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שָׁמָע

n.pr.m. a hero of David Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:44, Σαμαθα, Σαμμα (cf. OSem. שמע on scarab ClGann^{JAs 1883 Fev.-Mars, 135, No. 9}; also on seal from Megiddo (1904), cf. Kau^{Mitth. u. Nachr. DPV, 1904, 2 ff.}).

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שִׁמְעָא

n.pr.m.

brother of David Shmuel Beis 21:21 Qr (cf. Dr; Kt שמעי) Σεμεει, 𝔊L Σαμαα, = Divrei HaYamim Alef 20:7, third son of Jesse Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:13; = שִׁמְעָה Shmuel Beis 13:3, Shmuel Beis 13:32, Σαμα(α), etc., שַׁמָּה (q.v.) Shmuel Alef 16:9; Shmuel Alef 17:13.

son of David Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:5 (= שַׁמּוּעַ 1), Σαμαν, Σαμαα.

Levites, Σομεα, Σαμα(α):

Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:15.

v Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:24.

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שִׁמְעָה

n.pr.m. v. שִׁמְעָא 1.

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שִׁמְעָת

n.pr.f. ^{Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:26} mother of one of Joash’s murderers, Melachim Beis 12:22 (Ιεμουαθ), called Ammonitess Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:26 (Σαμα(αθ)).

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שִׁמְעָתִים

adj.gent.pl. as subst., family of scribes Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:55, Σαμαθ(ι)ειμ[ν].

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שְׁמוּעָה

n.f. report;—abs. שׁ׳ Shmuel Alef 4:19 +, שְׁמֻעָה Shmuel Alef 2:24 +; cstr. שְׁמֻעַת Shmuel Beis 4:4; sf. שְׁמֻעָתֵ֫נוּ Yeshaya 53:1; pl. abs. שְׁמֻעוֹת Daniel 11:44;—

report, sometimes after שָׁמַע Shmuel Alef 2:24; Shmuel Alef 4:19 (= news), Melachim Alef 10:7 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:6, Melachim Beis 19:7 = Yeshaya 37:7, Yirmiya 51:46; שׁ׳ רָעָה Yirmiya 49:23, cf. Tehillim 112:7, and שׁ׳ טוֹבָה Mishlei 15:30; Mishlei 25:25; tidings about Saul Shmuel Beis 4:4; c. בָּאָה Shmuel Beis 13:30 (+ לֵאמֹר), Melachim Alef 2:28 Yechezkel 21:12 Yirmiya 10:22, cf. Yirmiya 51:46 + (בָּאָה om.) v Yirmiya 51:46; תָּבוֹא שׁ׳ אֶל־שׁ׳ Yechezkel 7:26; שׁ׳ יְבַהֲלֻהוּ Daniel 11:44; שְׁמוּעָתֵנוּ Yeshaya 53:1 the report that reached us, cf. also Yeshaya 28:9, Yeshaya 28:19 Yirmiya 49:14 Ovadia 1:1 (De Du al. specif. of prophetic message, but v. Gie ^{Beiträge 155 f.} We Now Ovadia 1:1).

= mention, לֹא הֽיְתָה סְדֹם לִשׁ׳ בְּפִיךְ Yechezkel 16:56.

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שַׁמּוּעַ

n.pr.m.

son of David Shmuel Beis 5:14 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 14:4, Σαμμους[ε], Σαμαα (= שִׁמְעָא 2).

Reubenite, Bamidbar 13:4, Σαμουηλ, Σαλαμιηλ, etc.

Levite, Nechemia 11:17 (= שְׁמַעְיָה Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:16), Σαμουει, etc.; Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:18 (? same person), 𝔊L Σαμουε.

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שִׁמְעוֹן

n.pr.m. (cf. n.pr. שמעון in Palm. Lzb ³⁷⁸; meaning doubtful; RS al. cp. سِمْعٌ, said to mean offspring of hyena and wolf; v. Hogg^{EB iv. 4531});—

second son of Jacob and Leah, Συμεων: Breishis 29:33 (name expl. from שָׁמַע), Breishis 35:23 Shemos 1:2 + 14 times (assoc. especially with Levi Breishis 34:25, Breishis 34:30; Breishis 49:5).

tribal name Shoftim 1:3^(×2), Shoftim 1:17 Bamidbar 1:6 +; so בְּנֵי שׁ׳ Bamidbar 1:22 + 7 times, מַטֵּה שׁ׳ Bamidbar 1:23; Bamidbar 2:12; Bamidbar 13:5; מַטֵּה בְנֵי שׁ׳ Bamidbar 10:19; Bamidbar 34:20 Yehoshua 19:1, Yehoshua 19:8; Yehoshua 21:9 Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:50.

post-ex.. Jew with foreign wife Ezra 10:31.

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שִׁמְעִי

I. שִׁמְעִי₄₃ n.pr.m. usually Σεμεει:

in Benj.:

Shmuel Beis 16:5, Shmuel Beis 16:7, Shmuel Beis 16:13; Shmuel Beis 19:17, Shmuel Beis 19:19, Shmuel Beis 19:22, Shmuel Beis 19:24, Melachim Alef 2:8 + 10 times Melachim Alef 2.

Melachim Alef 1:8, perhaps = Melachim Alef 4:18.

a Ramathite Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:27.

Levites:

‘son’ of Gershon Shemos 6:17 Bamidbar 3:18 Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:2; Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:7, Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:9, Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:10^(×2).

Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:14.

v Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:27.

Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:17

Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:14.

Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:12, Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:13.

Ezra 10:23.

brother of Zerub. Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:19.

in Simeon Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:26, Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:27.

in Reuben Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:4.

Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:13 = (ii.) שֶׁמַע v Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:13.

post-ex. names:

Ezra 10:33.

v Ezra 10:38 (cf. 3 g supr.).

grandfather of Mordecai Esther 2:5.

Shmuel Beis 21:21 Kt (Qr שִׁמְעָא q.v. 1).

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שִׁמְעִי²

adj.gent. of 3 a;—c. art. as n.coll. הַשּׁ׳ Bamidbar 3:21; cf. Zecharia 12:13.

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שֵׁ֫מֶץ

n.[m.] whisper;—שׁ׳ abs. Iyov 4:12; cstr. שׁ׳ דָּבָר Iyov 26:14 a (mere) whisper of a word, something wholly inadequate.

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שָׁמַר

vb. keep, watch, preserve (NH id.; Ph. שמר in n.pr. and (Pun.) = watchman; TelAm. šimiru is perhaps overseer (Canaanism), Wkl^{No. 80, 1, 23}; Mand. סמירא preserved Nö^{M 46}; cf. Arabic سَمَرَ converse by night, stay awake (v. Lag^{BN 105}); Ba^{NB 175 f.; ES 43} infers from ܬܶܡܪܳܐ eyelid (cf. [שְׁמֻרָה] infr.), and Arabicثَمَلَ support, aid, protect (l = r), that two √ √ are combined in Heb.; but proof insuff.);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Breishis 37:11 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁמֹר Shmuel Alef 2:9 +, יִשְׁמָר־ Yirmiya 5:24 +, sf. 3 ms. יִשְׁמְרֶנּוּ Shemos 21:29, Shemos 21:36; 3 fs. sf. תִּשְׁמוּרֵ֑ם Mishlei 14:3 (read תִּשְׁמְרוּם, v. Ges^{§ 47 g} Toy), etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁמֹר Iyov 2:6 +, שָׁמְרָה Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:18 +; mpl. שִׁמְרוּ Yehoshua 6:18 +, etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁמוֹר Devarim 5:12 +; cstr. שְׁמֹר Breishis 3:24 +, sf. שָׁמְרָהּ Breishis 2:15, etc.; Pt. act. שֹׁמֵר Shmuel Alef 1:12 +, etc.; pass. שָׁמוּר Koheles 5:12 (Shmuel Alef 9:24 v. infr.), etc.;—[Synon. I. נָצַר, נָטַר, q.v.]:

keep, have charge of, garden Breishis 2:15 (J), ark Shmuel Alef 7:1, property in trust Shemos 22:6, Shemos 22:9 (E), cf. Shmuel Alef 25:31; tend flock Breishis 30:31 (E), cf. Zecharia 3:7 Bamidbar 3:8 (P); so perhaps (obj. om.) Hoshea 12:13 (where שׁ׳ chosen for parallelism Now Marti al.); Pt. הֲשֹׁמֵר אָחִי אָנֹ֑כִי Breishis 4:9 (J), שׁ׳ of sheep Shmuel Alef 17:20, שׁ׳ הַכֵּלִים v Shmuel Alef 17:22, שׁ׳ הַבְּגָדִים Melachim Beis 22:14 Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:22, שׁ׳ הַנָּשִׁים Esther 2:3, Esther 2:8, Esther 2:15, cf. v Esther 2:14, etc.

keep, guard, captives Yehoshua 10:18 (J), Melachim Alef 20:39, דֶּרֶךְ Breishis 3:24 (J); keep watch and ward, אֶל pers. over whom Shmuel Alef 26:15 (Tehillim 59:10 v. 3 end), עַל pers. v Tehillim 59:16 Mishlei 6:22; בַּנַּעַר Shmuel Beis 18:12 have a care of (read לִי for מִי 𝔊), cf. Melachim Beis 9:14; in hostile sense, אֶל הָעִיר (in siege) Shmuel Beis 11:16, עַל חַטָּאתִי Iyov 14:16 (but read תַּעֲבֹר c. 𝔊 Ew Di Du al. [not Hi Bu]); abs. c. מֵעַל Koheles 5:7 watcheth above, etc. (v. p. 759 a d); keep one’s mouth, be prudent of speech †Mishlei 21:23, cf. Micha 7:5; keep = protect, save, one’s life, נֶפֶשׁ †Mishlei 13:3; Mishlei 16:17; Mishlei 19:16; Mishlei 22:5, another’s Iyov 2:6; in Pr, acc. pers., subj. wisdom, Mishlei 4:6 she shall preserve thee, cf. (+ מִן of evil) Mishlei 6:24; Mishlei 7:5; especially Pt. watch, watchman, of city Yeshaya 21:11^(×2), Yeshaya 21:12; Yeshaya 62:5 (fig.), Shir HaShirim 3:3; Shir HaShirim 5:7^(×2) Tehillim 127:1; שׁ׳ הַסַּף (in temple) Yirmiya 35:4 + (v. סַף), הַשּׁ׳ פֶּתַח בֵּית הַמֶּלֶךְ Melachim Alef 14:27 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 12:10, שׁ׳ הַשְּׁעָרִים Nechemia 13:22, שֹׁמְרֵי הַבַּיִת (fig.) Koheles 12:3; שׁ׳ הַבַּיִת keep the house (of David’s concubines) †Shmuel Beis 15:16; Shmuel Beis 16:21; Shmuel Beis 20:3; שֹׁמֵר הַכֵּלִים Shmuel Alef 17:22, שׁ׳ הַבְּגָדִים Melachim Beis 22:14, שׁ׳ הַפַּרְדֵּס Nechemia 2:8, שׁ׳ הַנָּשִׁים Esther 2:3, Esther 2:14, Esther 2:15, שֹׁמְרִים abs. Shoftim 7:19 Yirmiya 51:12.

hence watch for, wait for, acc. pers. Shmuel Alef 19:11 (to kill him), cf. Tehillim 59:1 (title; acc. הַבַּיִת); c. עֲקֵבַי Tehillim 56:7 = dog my steps, Tehillim 71:10 Yirmiya 20:10; = watch (suspiciously) Iyov 10:14; Iyov 13:27; Iyov 33:11; abs. הַשֹּׁמְרִים Shoftim 1:24; wait for, נֶשֶׁף Iyov 24:15, לַבֹּקֶר Tehillim 130:6^(×2).

watch, observe, acc. rei Shmuel Alef 1:12 Koheles 11:4 Iyov 39:1 Yirmiya 8:7 (of birds), with intelligence Yeshaya 42:20 Tehillim 107:43; acc. pers. Tehillim 37:37 (‖ ראה), Zecharia 11:11; acc. of sin Tehillim 31:7; Tehillim 130:3; acc. rei, for the purpose of avoiding, Tehillim 17:4.

keep, retain, of storing up (food) Breishis 41:35 (E); abs. Koheles 3:6 (opp. הִשְׁלִיךְ); treasure up (in memory) Breishis 37:11 (E), cf. Malachi 2:7 Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:18 Mishlei 4:21 (בְּתוֹךְ לְבָבֶ֑ךָ), Mishlei 22:18 (בְּבִטְנֶ֑ךָ); retain wrath Amos 1:11 (read שָׁמַר לָנֶצַח We Now GASm Marti; v. also נָטַר 1) + (anger om.) Yirmiya 3:5 (‖ נטר).

keep within bounds, restrain, obj. שׁוֹר Shemos 21:29, Shemos 21:36 (E); c. acc. hand, מִן of evil Yeshaya 56:2; fig. keep thy foot, c. cl. temp. Koheles 4:17; אֶשׁ׳־לְפִי מַחְסוֹם ψ (Tehillim 39:2 𝔊 Du al. אָשִׂימָה); appar. reflex. (= Niph.), †Yehoshua 6:18 (+ מִן־הַחֵרֶם), poss. sc. נַפְשְׁכֶם Di.

observe, celebrate, acc. of festival, etc., Shemos 23:15 (E), Shemos 34:18 (J), Shemos 12:17, of day v Shemos 12:17 (P), of month Devarim 16:1.

keep sabbath †Devarim 5:12 Vayikra 19:3, Vayikra 19:30; Vayikra 26:2 (all H), Shemos 31:13, Shemos 31:14, Shemos 31:16 (P), Yeshaya 56:4, also (+ מֵחַלְּלוֹ) v Yeshaya 56:2, Yeshaya 56:6.

of other obligations: keep covenant Yechezkel 17:14, especially covenant of י׳ Devarim 29:8; Melachim Alef 11:11 + 5 times, שְׁבֻעַת י׳ Melachim Alef 2:43, perform vow Devarim 23:24; keep commands Yirmiya 35:18; Yechezkel 20:18; especially מִצְוֹת, חֻקִּים, עֲבֹדָה, etc., of י׳ (sometimes ‖ נצר), Shemos 20:6 = Devarim 5:10; Amos 2:4; Melachim Alef 2:3 Tehillim 119:8, Tehillim 119:17, Tehillim 119:34 + very often (c. 120 times); שׁ׳ דֶּרֶךְ י׳ Breishis 18:19 (J) + 4 times, דַּרְכֵי י׳ Shmuel Beis 22:22 = Tehillim 18:22, ד׳ י׳ om. Shoftim 2:22; שׁ׳ אָרְחוֹת צַדִּיקִים Mishlei 2:20 (‖ תֵּלֵךְ בְּדֶרֶךְ טוֹבִים), שׁ׳ דְּרָכַי (ways of wisdom) Mishlei 8:32 (Tehillim 17:4 v. 1 d); keep, discharge an office, כְּהֻנָּה Bamidbar 3:10; Bamidbar 18:7 (both P), abs. Divrei HaYamim Beis 5:11; a function or duty, especially שׁ׳ מִשְׁמֶרֶת Vayikra 8:35; Bamidbar 1:53 + c. 32 times (v. מ׳ infr.); acc. of obligation often om., especially D (and R^D) keep and do Devarim 4:6; Devarim 7:12 + 8 times; to do Devarim 5:1, Devarim 5:26 + 16 times D + 3 times, etc.

observe = follow dictates of (prudence, justice, kindness, wisdom) Hoshea 12:7 (חֶסֶד וּמִשְׁפָּט), Yeshaya 56:1; Mishlei 4:4; Mishlei 5:2; Mishlei 7:1, Mishlei 7:2; bad sense, observe vanities Tehillim 31:7.—Doubtful are: לִשְׁמֹר abs. Hoshea 4:10, very strange (conj. in We Now Marti); שָׁמוּר Shmuel Alef 9:24, HPS אֵחַרְנוּ, cf. Now Bu^Comm.; Tehillim 59:10 read עֻוִּי אֵלֶיךָ אֲוַמֵּ֑רָה (as v Shmuel Alef 9:18, 𝔖 Che Bae).

sometimes י׳ subj.:

keep, preserve, protect, acc. pers., + ב of way, etc., Breishis 28:15, Breishis 28:20 (J), Shemos 23:20 (E; of מַלְאָךְ), Tehillim 91:11 (מ׳), Yehoshua 24:17 (E); acc. pers. (or נפשׁ) only: Shmuel Alef 30:23; Yirmiya 31:9; Bamidbar 6:24 (P), Iyov 29:2 Tehillim 16:1 + 10 times ψψ; + מִן Tehillim 121:7 + 2 times; acc. רַגְלַי Shmuel Alef 2:9, cf. Mishlei 3:26 (מִן); Pt. שֹׁמְרֶ֑ךָ Tehillim 121:3, Tehillim 121:5, cf. v Tehillim 121:4, etc.; acc. of city Tehillim 127:1.

c. acc. בְּרִית, ל pers. Devarim 7:12, + חֶסֶד v Devarim 7:7 + 5 times, הַשּׁ׳ אֱמֶת לְעוֹלָם Tehillim 146:6; הַשְּׁבֻעָה Devarim 7:8, etc.; pass. of covenant (י׳ agent) עֲרוּכָה בַכֹּל וּשְׁמֻרָה Shmuel Beis 23:5 (legal terminology, Dr).

keep, reserve, weeks of harvest Yirmiya 5:24 (ל pers.).

Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁמַר Shmuel Beis 20:10, etc.; Impf. 3 fs. תִּשָּׁמֵר Shoftim 13:13; 2 mpl. תִּשָּׁמִ֑רוּ Shemos 23:13; Imv. ms. הִשָּׁמֵר Yeshaya 7:4 (לְךָ) הִשָּׁ֫מֶר Breishis 24:6 +; fs. הִשָּֽׁמְרִי Shoftim 13:4, etc.;—

be on one’s guard, c. בַּחֶרֶב Shmuel Beis 20:10 by reason of the sword, i.e. against it; c. ב temp. Shmuel Alef 19:2, שָׁם Melachim Beis 6:10; take heed Shemos 23:13 (E) Devarim 2:4; c. מִן pers. Shemos 23:21 (E), Yirmiya 9:3; מִן rei Shoftim 13:13; Devarim 23:10; מִן inf. take care not to, etc. Breishis 31:29 (E), Melachim Beis 6:9; inf. without מִן Shemos 19:12 (J), but read prob. מֵעֲלוֹת; sq. פֶּן lest Breishis 24:6 (J) + 11 times (especially Dt); c. (וְ)אַל juss. Shemos 10:28 (J), Shoftim 13:4; Iyov 36:21, c. Imv. coörd. Yeshaya 7:4.—Very often Imv. (24 times), especially in phr. הִשָּׁמֶר־לְךָ (12 times), הִשָּׁמְרוּ לִכֶם (3 times); + לְנַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם Devarim 4:15; Yehoshua 23:11 (R^D; + inf.); + בְּנַפ׳ Yirmiya 17:21 appar. ב pret. on peril of your life (cf. ב III. 3 a), so perhaps also בְּרוּחֲכֶם Malachi 2:15, Malachi 2:16 (We Now).

keep oneself, refrain, abstain, מֵאִשָּׁה Shmuel Alef 21:5.

be kept, guarded, Hoshea 12:14 (cf. שׁ׳ of Jacob v Hoshea 12:13); be preserved (by י׳) Tehillim 37:28 (לִעוֹלָם), but read prob. נִשְׁמָ֑דוּ (לְעוֹלָם) עַוָּלִים Hup-Ri (Now) Che Bae Du Dr.

Pt. pl. מְשַׁמְּרִים הַבְלֵי־שָׁוְא Yonah 2:9 those paying regard to false vanities (cf. Qal Tehillim 31:7).

Impf. 1 s. וָאֶשְׁתַּמֵּר מֵעֲוֹנִי Tehillim 18:24 I kept myself from, etc. = Shmuel Beis 22:24 (vb. cohort.); 3 ms. וְיִשְׁתַּמֵּר חֻקּוֹת עָמְרִי Micha 6:16, but read וְתִשְׁמֹר thou keepest, observest, We Now GASm.

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שֶׁ֫מֶר

n.pr.m. (proposes clan-name, cf. Sta^{ZAW v (1885), 166f.}, cf. Sab. שמר Os 13, but NAram شِمْر DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1885). 14} SabDenkm ³⁰);—Σεμ(μ)ηρ, etc.:

שׁ׳ orig. owner of hill where Sam. was built Melachim Alef 16:24^(×2).

שָׁ֑מֶר:

Levite Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:31.

in Asher Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:34, A 𝔊L Σωμηρ; = שֹׁמֵר v Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:32.

in Benj. Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:12 van d. H.; > שֶׁמֶד q.v.

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שָׁמְרָה

n.f. guard, watch;—שִׁיתָה י׳ שׁ׳ לְפִי Tehillim 141:3 (‖ נִצְּרָה עַל־דַּל שְׂפָתָ֑י).

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שֹׁמֵר

n.pr.m.

father of one of Joash’s murderers Melachim Beis 12:21, Σωμηρ, 𝔊L Σεμμηρ (called שִׁמְרִית q.v., a Moabitess, ‖ Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:26).

Asherite Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:32, Σαμηρ, Σωμηρ; = שֶׁמֵר 2 b.

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שִׁמְרִי

n.pr.m. usually Σαμαρει, etc.:

in Simeon, Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:37.

father of a hero of David Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:45.

Levites:

Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:10.

Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:13, Ζαμβρει, Σαμβρι.

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שִׁמְרִית

n.pr.f. Moabitish mother of one of Joash’s murderers Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:26 (m. Σομαιωθ, A Σαμαριθ; f. 𝔊L Σαμιραμωθ), ‖ שֹׁמֵר n.pr.m. Melachim Beis 12:21.

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שֹׁמְרוֹן

n.pr.loc. capital of N. Isr. from Omri’s time (belonging to clan שֶׁמֶר, Sta^{ZAW v (1885), 165–175}; originally שַׁמְרוֹן or שַׁמְרַיִן; Assyrian Samerîna COT Melachim Alef 16:24);—שׁ׳ Melachim Alef 16:24 (name expl. as from שֶׁמֶר, orig. owner of site), v Melachim Alef 16:28, Melachim Alef 16:29, Melachim Alef 16:32; Melachim Alef 20:1, Melachim Alef 20:10 +; שֹׁמְר֫וֹנָה Melachim Alef 20:43; Melachim Beis 6:19; Melachim Beis 14:14; personified as woman Yechezkel 16:46, Yechezkel 16:51, Yechezkel 16:53, Yechezkel 16:55; Yechezkel 23:4, Yechezkel 23:33; king of N. Isarel is מֶלֶךְ שׁ׳ Melachim Alef 21:2; Melachim Beis 1:3; מ׳ יִשׂ׳ אֲשֶׁר בְּשׁ׳ Melachim Alef 21:18, cf. מָלַךְ עַל־יִשׂ׳ בְּשׁ׳ Melachim Alef 22:52 + 9 times; thence name of territory, שְׂדֵה שׁ׳ Ovadia 1:19, עָרֵי שׁ׳ Melachim Alef 13:32 (point of view of later editor), Melachim Beis 17:24, Melachim Beis 17:26; Melachim Beis 23:19; הָרֵי שׁ׳ Amos 3:9; Yirmiya 31:5,—cf. הַר־שׁ׳ Amos 4:1; Amos 6:1; Melachim Alef 16:24; perhaps שׁ׳ alone Yirmiya 23:13; Melachim Alef 18:2; Melachim Beis 17:24, Melachim Beis 17:28; Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:13; חֵיל שׁ׳ Nechemia 3:34.—𝔊 usually Σαμαρεια, but Melachim Alef 16:24 Σεμερω, Σαεμερων, Σομορων; = mod. Sebastieh; vid. GASm^{G. 346 ff.} Buhl ^{G 207 f.} Cowley^{Ency. Bib. s. v.} Wilson^{Hast. DB s. v.}.

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שִׁמְרוֹן

n.pr.loc. Canaanite city, with king: Yehoshua 11:1, in Zebulun Yehoshua 19:15, Συμοων, Σομερων, etc., = שׁ׳ מְראוֹן Kt (שׁ׳ מְרוֹן Qr) Yehoshua 12:20.

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שִׁמְרוֹן²

n.pr.m. son of Issachar, Breishis 46:13; Bamidbar 26:24; Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:1; Ζαμβραμ, Σαμβρα, Σεμερων, etc.

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שֶׁ֫מֶר²

n.m. ^{Yeshaya 25:6} only pl. lees, dregs (fig.);—abs. שְׁמָרִים Yeshaya 25:6^(×2) (in both = wine matured by resting undisturbed on the lees); sf. שֹׁקֵט הוּא אֶל־שְׁמָרָיו Yirmiya 48:11 (of Moab’s undisturbed life), cf. (of careless men) הַקֹּפְאִים עַל־ שִׁמְרֵיהֶם Tzefania 1:12; שְׁמָרֶיהָ Tehillim 75:9 (of י׳’s cup of judgment).

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שָׁמִיר

n.m. Yechezkel 3:9 thorn(s), adamant, flint;—abs. שׁ׳ Yeshaya 5:6 +; sf. שְׁמִירוֹ Yeshaya 10:17;—

coll. thorns, thorn-bushes, token of waste-land, only Is, + שַׁיִת Yeshaya 5:6; Yeshaya 7:23, Yeshaya 7:24, Yeshaya 7:25; Yeshaya 27:4; fig. Yeshaya 9:17; Yeshaya 10:17; קוֹץ שׁ׳ Yeshaya 32:13.

adamant, as sharp, כְּתוּבָה … בְּצִפֹּרֶן שׁ׳ Yirmiya 17:1 (‖ בְּעֵט בַּרְזֶל); as hard, fig. of prophet’s firmness Yechezkel 3:9; Zecharia 7:12 fig. of hard heart.

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שָׁמִיר²

n.pr.loc.

in הַר אֶפְרַיִם Shoftim 10:1, Shoftim 10:2, Σαμειρ; A 𝔊L Σαμαρεια.

in (יְהוּדָה) הַר Yehoshua 15:48, Σαμειρ; A 𝔊L Σαφειρ.

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שָׁמִיר³

n.pr.m. Levite, Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:24 Qr, Σαμηρ, Σεμμηρ (Kt שמור).

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שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ

n.f. Shoftim 19, Shoftim 14 et m. Breishis 19, Breishis 23 (Albr ^{ZAW xv (1895), 324}) sun;—abs. שׁ׳ Yehoshua 10:12 +, שָׁ֑מֶשׁ Shoftim 20:43 +; sf. שִׁמְשֵׁךְ Yeshaya 60:20, שִׁמְשָׁהּ Yirmiya 15:9; pl. sf. שִׁמְשֹׁתַ֫יִךְ Yeshaya 54:12;—

sun, Breishis 37:9 (E; + moon, stars); marking time: as rising (vb. זָרַח q.v.) Shemos 22:2 (E) + 8 times + Malachi 3:20 (fig. שׁ׳ צְדָקָה, of reward of the faithful, with wings, i.e. rays? Now GASm; or winged sun-disc [cf. We]?); vb. יָצָא Breishis 19:23 (J), Yeshaya 13:10; Shoftim 5:31 (sim. of splendour; v יָצָא 1 f); setting (vb. בּוֹא) Breishis 15:17 (J), Amos 8:9 + 19 times, + וַיְהִי הַשּׁ׳ לָבוֹא Breishis 15:12 (JE), שׁ׳ יָדַע מְבוֹאוֹ Tehillim 104:19 (v. בּוֹא 1 i, מָבוֹא 2); as giving daylight Yeshaya 60:9; hot Shmuel Alef 11:9; Nechemia 7:3; Shemos 16:21 (P), cf. Yeshaya 49:10; Yonah 4:8 Tehillim 121:6; as ripening crops Devarim 33:14 (poem), cf. (fig.) Iyov 8:16, tanning the face Shir HaShirim 1:6; standing still at Joshua’s word Yehoshua 10:12, Yehoshua 10:13 (poem in J; ‖ יָרֵחַ), v Yehoshua 10:13 (J), cf. Chavakuk 3:11 (+ יָרֵחַ); casting shadow (on dial), יָֽרְדָה בְמַעֲלוֹת אָחָז בַּשּׁ׳ Yeshaya 38:8, וַתָּשָׁב הַשּׁ׳ v Yeshaya 38:8; set in sky by י׳ Yirmiya 31:25 Tehillim 19:5; Tehillim 74:16; Tehillim 136:8, enduring Tehillim 72:5, Tehillim 72:17 (cf. עִם 1 g, p. 768; [פָּנֶה] II. 4 a (e), p. 817), also Tehillim 89:37; personif., called to praise י׳ Tehillim 148:3 (+ יָרֵחַ); to be darkened by י׳’s judgment, Yechezkel 32:7; Yoel 2:10; Yoel 3:4; Yoel 4:15 (cf. Amos 8:9 supr., Micha 3:6).

of direction: מִמִּזְרַח הַשּׁ׳ Bamidbar 21:11 (E) toward sun-rise, = East, cf. Devarim 4:41, Devarim 4:47 + 16 times (v. מִזְרָח p. 280); מְבוֹא הַשּׁ׳ Devarim 11:30 + 3 times (v. מָבוֹא 2, p. 99).

obj. of worship (usually + moon, stars, etc.) Melachim Beis 23:5; Yirmiya 8:2; Yechezkel 8:16; Devarim 4:19; horses given to שׁ׳ Melachim Beis 23:11, מַרְכְּבוֹת הַשּׁ׳ v Melachim Beis 23:11.—Vid. also בֵּית שׁ׳ p. 112b.

other phr.:

נֶגֶד הַשּׁ׳, i.e. openly, publicly, Shmuel Beis 12:12; Bamidbar 25:4 (P), so לְעֵינֵי הַשּׁ׳ Shmuel Beis 12:11.

fig. of living, חָזָה שׁ׳ Tehillim 58:9, רָאָה שׁ׳ Shemos 6:5; Shemos 7:11; Shemos 11:7, opp. תֶּחְשַׁךְ הַשּׁ׳ Shemos 12:2.

תַּחַת הַשּׁ׳, i.e. on the earth, Koheles 1:3 + 28 times Ec (cf. Gk. ὑφʼ ἡλίῳ, Kue^{Ond. iii. 196; Eini. iii.192}).

pinnacle, as glittering, shining, pl. Yeshaya 54:12 thy pinnacles, battlements (of Zion), so perhaps sg. שׁ׳ וּמָגֵן י׳ אֱלֹהִים Tehillim 84:12 battlement and shield is י׳ א׳ (Gr Bae Du Buhl; most sun, and so Thes De Che SS; Hup-Now hesitates).

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שִׁמְשׁוֹן

n.pr.m. Samson (Assyrian n.pr. Šamšânu, Hilpr^{Murâshu 27, 70}; on שמש in Arabic n.pr. trib. cf. Nö^{ZMG xi (1886), 166});—Σαμψων: Shoftim 13:24; Shoftim 14:1, Shoftim 14:3 + 35 times Shoftim 14, Shoftim 15, Shoftim 16.

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שָׁן

v. בֵּית שְׁאָן.

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שֵׁן

v. שׁנן.

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שֵׁנָא

v. שֵׁנָה √ יָשֵׁן.

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שִׁנְאָב

n.pr.m. king of Admah Breishis 14:2, Σεννααρ (v. שִׁנְעָר v Breishis 14:1, 𝔊 id.).

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שִׁנְאָן

v. sub III. שׁנה.

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שָׁנָה

vb. change (NH Pi, etc.; Ecclus Ben Sira 42:24, etc.; Assyrian šanû, change, Aramaic שְׁנָא, Nab. Ethpa. Lzb³⁷⁹; Syriac ܫܢܳܐ, especially mentally = grow insane; cf. (prob.) NH שָׁנָה year, = Ph. שנת, שת; MI 2, 8 שת; Assyrian šattu (cf. Muss-Arnolt^{JBL xi (1892), 73 n.}); Arabic سَنَةٌ; Aramaic שְׁנַא, שַׁתָּא, ܫܢܳܐ, ܫܰܢ݈ܬܳܐ; Old Aramaic, Nab., Palm. שנתא, שנת, שת, שנן Lzb^{379 f.}; on year from changing seasons, v. Philippi^{ZMG xxxii (1878), 79 f.} Ba^{ZMG xli (1887), 612, 621, 636} (especially against DHM ^{VIme Orient. Congr. ii. 1, 452} who proposes bilit. √), cf. Thes; a daring suggestion by Jen^{ZA vii (1892), 177});—

Pf. 1 s. לֹא שָׁנִיתִי Malachi 3:6 I am י׳, I do not change; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁנֶא (Ges^{§ 77 rr}) Eicha 4:1 how is the fine gold changed (si vera l.; Löhr^Now יִשָּׁנֵא; gloss on יוּעַם Bu Löhr); Inf. cstr. שְׁנוֹת יְמִין עֶלְיוֹן Tehillim 77:11 the right hand of the Highest is changed (𝔖 𝔙 𝔗 Aq Sym Theod Hup-Now RVm Bae Du We Buhl; AV RV Ew De Che al. years, usually ins. I will remember); Pt. שׁוֹנִים Esther 1:7 differing, different, c. מִן, cf. Esther 3:8 (so Ecclus Ben Sira 42:24); Mishlei 24:21 those who change (but dub., v. Toy).

transit., change, alter: Pf. 3 ms. שִׁנָּה Yirmiya 52:33 c. acc. garments, = שִׁנָּא (Ges^l.c.) Melachim Beis 25:29; Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׁנֶּה דִּין Mishlei 31:5 lest he pervert the judgment; וַיְשַׁנּוֹ Shmuel Alef 21:14 (read וַיְשַׁן Ges^{§ 75bb}, וַיְשַׁנֶּה We Dr (and reff.), cf. Bu HPS Now), c. acc. טַעְמוֹ (v טַעַם, and Assyrian šanê ṭêmi, madness); וַיְשַׁנֶּהָ Esther 2:9, i.e. changed her place לְטוֹב בֵּית הַנָּשִׁים; 1 s. Tehillim 89:35 the utterance of my lips I will not change (‖ לֹא אֲחַלֵּל בְּרִיתִי); Inf. cstr. לְשַׁנּוֹת אֶת־דַּרְכֵּךְ Yirmiya 2:36 i.e. change thy political course; בְּשַׁנּוֹתוֹ אֶת־טַעְמוֹ Tehillim 34:1 (title; cf. Shmuel Alef 21:14 supr.); Pt. מְשַׁנֶּה פָנָיו Iyov 14:20 altering his face, i.e. in death (subj. God).

Impf. 3 ms. וְעֹז פָּנָיו יְשֻׁנֶּא (Ges^{§ 75rr}) Koheles 8:1, usually is changed, mollified, Siegf יִשָּׂנֵא is hated (on עֹז פ׳ v. עֹז 4, √ עזז).

Pf. 2 fs. consec. קוּמִי נָא וְהִשְׁתַּנִּית Melachim Alef 14:2 arise, pray, and disguise thyself.

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שָׁנָה²

n.f. (on appar. except v. Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 46}), year (etym. v. √);—abs. שׁ׳ Amos 2:10 +; cstr. שְׁנַת Breishis 41:50 +; sf. שְׁנָתוֹ Yechezkel 46:13 +, שְׁנָתָהּ Vayikra 14:10 + 2 times; du. שְׁנָתַיִם Amos 1:1 +, -תָ֑יִם Melachim Alef 15:25 +; pl. שָׁנִים Shemos 21:2 +, cstr. שְׁנֵי Breishis 23:1 + 24 times, שְׁנוֹת Devarim 32:7 + 8 times (poet. and late); sf. שָׁנָיו Vayikra 25:52 + 4 times sf.; שְׁנוֹתַי Yeshaya 38:15 Tehillim 31:11, שְׁנוֹתָם Tehillim 78:33 + 8 times sf.;—year, as division of time, Shemos 23:14, Shemos 23:17 3 times בַּשָּׁנָה +, etc.; רֵשִׁית הַשּׁ׳ Devarim 11:12, opp. אַחֲרִית הַשּׁ׳ v Devarim 11:12, צֵאת הַשּׁ׳ Shemos 23:16, תְּקוּפַת הַשּׁ׳ Shemos 34:22 Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:23, תְּשׁוּבַת הַשּׁ׳ Shmuel Beis 11:1 +, etc.; בָּא שָׁנָה Melachim Beis 13:20, read כְּבֹא שׁ׳ 𝔊 Bur, בארץ שׁ׳ בְשׁ׳ Kit, cf. שׁ׳ בְשׁ׳ = year by year Shmuel Alef 1:7 +; בַּשָּׁנָה Benz, cf. Nechemia 10:33; so שׁ׳ שׁ׳ Devarim 14:22, שׁ׳ אַחֲרֵי שׁ׳ Shmuel Beis 21:1, בְּכָל־שׁ׳ וְשׁ׳ Esther 9:21, Esther 9:27; especially of duration of life; (יְמֵי) שְׁנֵי חַיֵּי פ׳ Breishis 23:1; Breishis 25:7 + (P); שְׁנֵיהֶם Iyov 36:11 +, שְׁנוֹתַי Tehillim 31:11 (‖ חַיַּי), etc.; of God Iyov 10:5 Tehillim 102:25, Tehillim 102:28; in phr. of age, v. בֵּן 9, בַּת 9; indef. שָׁנִים Yechezkel 38:17 = for years, לְקֵץ שׁ׳ Daniel 11:6; זֶה־יָמִים אוֹ זֶה שָׁנִים Shmuel Alef 29:3; specif. בִּשְׁנַת מוֹת הַמֶּלֶךְ Yeshaya 6:1; Yeshaya 14:28, בִּשְׁנַת בֹּא תַּרְתָּן Yeshaya 20:1, שְׁנַת הַשְּׁמִטָה Devarim 15:9; Devarim 31:10, שְׁנַת הַיּוֹבֵל Vayikra 25:13 +, etc.; שְׁנֵי שָׂכִיר Yeshaya 16:14; Yeshaya 21:16 (v. שָׂכִיר); שְׁנַת פְּקֻדָּתָם Yirmiya 11:23 + 2 times; שׁ׳ רָצוֹן לְי׳ Yeshaya 61:2, etc.; שְׁנוֹת דֹּר־וָדֹר Devarim 32:7, cf. Yoel 2:2; most often c. num. card.: pl. after units, appos., Shemos 21:2 +, so also שְׁתַּיִם שָׁנִים Shmuel Beis 2:10 +, but du. שְׁנָתַיִם Amos 1:1 + 4 times, שְׁנָתַיִם יָמִים Breishis 41:1 + 4 times; very rarely c. num. (certainly) cstr. שְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים Shmuel Alef 13:1 (corrupt), שְׁלשׁ שׁ׳ Vayikra 25:21; Vayikra 25:8 + שָׁנָה †Melachim Beis 22:1; before unit (rare, late) Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:17^(×2); Daniel 1:5; sg. after Daniel 1:11-19, tens, and hundreds Breishis 5:3, Breishis 5:9; Breishis 14:4 + often; so 90 + 9 years Breishis 17:24 +, rarely 30 + 3 years Melachim Alef 2:11, etc.; but אֶלֶפ שָׁנִים Tehillim 90:4 1000 years, so (+ פַּעֲמַיִם) Koheles 6:6 1000 years twice over; with cp. num. often repeated, 900 year + 30 year Breishis 5:5, etc.; 100 year + 70 year + 5 years Breishis 25:7, etc.; c. num. card. = ord., בִּשְׁנַת אַרְבַּע לְ Melachim Alef 22:41 in the fourth year of, etc., also בִּשְׁנַת חֲמִשִּׁים שָׁנָה לְ Melachim Beis 15:23, etc.; but בְּאַרְבַּע עֶשְׂרֵה שׁ׳ לְ Melachim Beis 18:13, etc. (often), and בַּשָּׁנָה הָאַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה Melachim Alef 6:38, etc.; also (c. units), בַּשָּׁנָה הָֽרְבִיעִת Vayikra 19:24 +, etc., + לְ Melachim Beis 17:6 the ninth year of, etc.; and even (Ges^{§ 134 p}) בִּשְׁנַת הַתְּשִׁיעִית לְ Melachim Beis 25:1, cf. Ezra 7:8; Yirmiya 46:2; Yirmiya 51:59 + (Kt) Yirmiya 28:1; Yirmiya 32:1 (Qr בַּשָּׁנָה).

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שָׁנִי

n.[m.] scarlet (proposes coccus ilicis, which attaches itself to leaves and twigs of quercus coccifera; the dried body of female yields coloring matter; cf. Tristr^{NHB 319} Post^{HastDB scarlet} M’Lean^{Ency. Bib. id.});—usually שׁ׳: תִּקְוַת חוּט הַשּׁ׳ הַזֶּה Yehoshua 2:18 this cord of thread of scarlet, ת׳ הַשּׁ׳ v Yehoshua 2:21, חוּט הַשּׁ׳ Shir HaShirim 4:3 (sim. of lips); so (הַ)שּׁ׳ alone Breishis 38:28, Breishis 38:30 (J), and as material of clothing Shmuel Beis 1:24; Yirmiya 4:30; Mishlei 31:21 (pl. שָׁנִים; on order of ll. v. Toy); pl. also in sim. Yeshaya 1:18 if your sins are like scarlet (robes); elsewhere (P) תּוֹלַעַת (הַ)שּׁ׳ (v. ת׳) of material for curtain, veil, ephod, etc., Shemos 25:4; Shemos 26:1 + 24 times Ex; בֶּגֶד ת׳ שׁ׳ Bamidbar 4:8 (v. ii. ב׳ 2); cstr. שְׁנִי (הַ)תּ׳ used in purif., †Vayikra 14:4, Vayikra 14:6, Vayikra 14:49, Vayikra 14:51, Vayikra 14:52; Bamidbar 19:6.

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שָׁנָה³

vb. repeat, do again (NH id.; Ecclus Ben Sira 42:1; Arabic ثَنَى bend, fold, double; Aramaic תְּנָא repeat, also teach, ܬܢܳܐ; Assyrian šanû, especially Pi. repeat, relate, cf. Scheil^{ZA v (1890), 409} (Dl thinks denom.); on שׁ׳ as √ of שְׁנַיִם two, v. Philippi^{ZMG xxxii (1878), 77} Ba^{ib. xii (1887), 603});—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Shmuel Beis 20:10; Impf. 1 s. אֶשְׁנֶה Shmuel Alef 26:8, etc.; Imv. mpl. שְׁנוּ Melachim Alef 18:34; Pt. שֹׁנֶה Mishlei 17:9; Mishlei 26:11;—do again: וַיַּכֵּהוּ … וְלֹא שׁ׳ לוֹ Shmuel Beis 20:10, cf. Shmuel Alef 26:8; abs. Melachim Alef 18:34^(×2) Nechemia 13:21; = speak again Iyov 29:22 + Iyov 40:5 according to many moderns (אשׁנה for MT אענה); שׁ׳ בְּדָבָר Mishlei 17:9 repeat with a thing, keep talking about it (שנות דבר Ecclus Ben Sira 42:1); Ben Sira 26:11 a dullard repeats with (ב) his folly, does it over agian (learns nothing by experience).

Inf. cstr. וְעַל הִשָּׁנוֹת הַחֲלוֹם אֶל־פַּרְעֹה פַּעֲמָ֑יִם Breishis 41:32 (E) concerning the dream’s being repeated, etc.

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שְׁנַ֫יִם

(Philipi^{ZMG xlix (1895), 202} Ges^{§ 97b note})₇₆₈ n.m. et f.du. two (NH id.; Ph. אשנם (and שני second), Pun. שנם Lzb³⁸⁰; Arabic اِثنَانِ; Sab. תֿני Hom^{Chr 47}, Aramaic תְּרֵין, ܬܪܶܝܢ (תִּנְיָנָא, ܬܶܢܝܳܢܳܐ second); Nab. תרין, Palm. f. תרתן, תרתיא, Lzb³⁸⁸; Assyrian šinâ; on etym v. √, and especially Philippi^{ZMG xxxii (1878), 21–98});—m. (c. n.m.) שְׁנַיִם Amos 3:3 +; cstr. שְׁנֵי Yeshaya 7:16 +, sf. שְׁנֵיהֶם Breishis 2:25 +, etc.; f. (c. n.f.) שְׁתַּיִם Amos 4:8 +; cstr. שְׁתֵּי Breishis 4:19, וּשְׁתֵּי Yeshaya 7:21 +, etc., מִשְּׁתֵֿי Shoftim 16:28 (v. GFM); sfs. v. infr. (2 + 10 = 12, v. infr.); Hex chiefly P:—two:

no other num.:

usually cstr. before n.pl. (צְמִידִים) שְׁנֵי Breishis 24:22 + 194 times + Shmuel Beis 23:20 ‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:22 (ins. בְּנֵי 𝔊 Th mod., otherwise RS^{Sem. i. 469, 2nd ed., 488}); (נָשִׁים) שְׁתֵּי Breishis 4:19 + 132 times, Shmuel Alef 10:4 ins. כִּכְּרוֹת Klo HPS Bu Now; Vayikra 16:21 read du. יָדָיו Qr, + Shoftim 16:28 (v. supr.) + שְׁתֵּי־אֵלֶּה Yeshaya 47:9 both these thing; before n.sg., שְׁנֵי Shemos 16:22 (Ges^{§ 134e}); sf. שְׁנֵיהֶם the two of them Breishis 2:25 + 62 times, + Mishlei 24:22 (> their years 𝔖 𝔗 De al.; prob. crpt., v. Toy), שְׁנֵינוּ Breishis 31:37 + 2 times, שְׁנֵיכֶם †Breishis 27:45; שְׁתֵּיהֶם (msf.! Ges^{§ 135 o}) †Rus 1:19; Rus 4:11, יהֶן—ֵ †Shmuel Alef 25:43; Yechezkel 23:13.

abs. (1) שְׁנַ֫יִם (90 times), before n.pl. Shoftim 11:37 + 26 times; after n.pl. Shmuel Beis 1:1; Shemos 29:1 + 21 times (usually P Chr), n.sg. (coll.) Breishis 46:27 Bamidbar 7:17 + 11 times Bamidbar 17; n. om. Breishis 7:2; Breishis 44:27 + 26 times; שׁ׳ שׁ׳ distrib. Breishis 7:9 +; לִשׁ׳ cut in two †Melachim Beis 3:25; Yirmiya 34:18; = double amount †Shemos 22:3, Shemos 22:6, Shemos 22:8 (E); פִּי שׁ׳ †Devarim 21:17 two-thirds, + בְּרוּחֲךָ †Melachim Beis 2:9 in (of) thy spirit, + בָּהּ †Zecharia 13:8; (Zecharia 13:2) שְׁתַּ֫יִם (55 times), bef. n.pl.; Melachim Alef 3:16 + 16 times; after n.pl. (usually P and late) Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:3 + 9 times; n. om., = two things †Yeshaya 51:19 Iyov 13:20 Mishlei 30:7; שְׁתַּיִם = twice †Melachim Beis 6:10 Iyov 40:5 Tehillim 62:12 (or as Mishlei 30:7), בִּשׁ׳ Iyov 33:14 either so, or in two ways RVm (v. De); as ordin. בִּשְׁנַת שְׁתַּיִם לְ Melachim Alef 15:25 + 9 times, etc.; (3) as round number, שְׁנַיִם עֵצִים Melachim Alef 17:12 a few sticks (Germ. ‘ein paar’), cf. Melachim Beis 9:32 Yeshaya 17:6; שְׁתַּיִם שָׁלשׁ Amos 4:8, פַּעַם וּשְׁתָּ֑יִם Nechemia 13:20, cf. Yirmiya 3:14 אֶחָד מֵעִיר וּשְׁנַיִם מִמִּשְׁפָחָה = a small no.; Ezra 10:13 not for one or two days (but for many), Melachim Beis 6:10.

twelve: c. n.m. שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר Breishis 42:13 + 87 times, לִשְׁנֵי עָשָׂר Shemos 28:21 + 4 times; c. n.f. שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה Shemos 24:4 + 34 times, שְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרֵה †Yechezkel 32:1, Yechezkel 32:17; Yechezkel 33:21; before n.pl. Breishis 17:20; Shemos 15:27 +; after n.pl. Bamidbar 7:84^(×2) +; before n.sg. Shemos 28:21 +, Breishis 14:4 (Breishis 14:12 year) +, etc.; as ord., בְּיוֹם שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר יוֹם Bamidbar 7:78, בִּשְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה Yechezkel 32:1 +, etc.

with large num.: 10 (etc.) + 2, Shmuel Beis 8:5; Shoftim 10:3 + 56 times; 2 + 10 (etc.) Bamidbar 1:35 (P), Divrei HaYamim Beis 22:2 + 18 times (Kö^{ii. 1, 215 ff.} Ges^{§ 97 f.}); 200 + 2 + 30, Melachim Alef 20:15; 50 + 2 as ord. Melachim Beis 15:27 + 2 times; cf. 2 + 20, Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:17.

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שֵׁנִי

m. שֵׁנִית f.₁₅₇ adj.num.ord. second;—בַּיּוֹם הַשֵּׁנִי Shemos 2:13 +, etc. (שֵׁנִי 82 times + Nechemia 3:30, read שֵׁנִית; read וְהַשֵּׁנִי also Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:13 for ושני); בַּשָּׁנָה הַשֵּׁנִית Breishis 47:18 +, etc. (שֵׁנִית 72 times + Nechemia 3:30 v. supr.), שִׁבְעַת יָמִים שׁ׳ Vayikra 13:5, Vayikra 13:33, Vayikra 13:54 a second heptad of days; שֵׁנִית = a second time Breishis 22:15 + 16 times + (= again, of similar—not identical—act, or another point in a series) Yechezkel 4:6; Malachi 2:13, וְהַשֵּׁנִית Shmuel Beis 16:19; †mpl. שְׁנִיִּם Bamidbar 2:16 they shall set out as second, but Breishis 6:16 second stories (in ark).

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שִׁנְאָן²

n.[m.] repetition (?);—אַלְפֵי שִׁנְאָ֑ן Tehillim 68:18 thousands of repetition, i.e. thousands twice-told, Che; redoubled, Dr, i.e. thousands on thousands (Du, reading אֶלֶף as שִׁנָּא c. sf. removed them, treating שׁנאן אדני מסיני בק׳ as gloss).

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שֵׁנָה²

v. √ יָשֵׁן.

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שֶׁנְהַבִּים

v. √ שׁנן.

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שֵׁן²

n.f. Shmuel Alef 2:13 (yet m. Shmuel Alef 14:5 cf. Dr) tooth, ivory;—שׁ׳ abs. Shemos 21:24 +, cstr. v Shemos 21:27 +, שֶׁן־ Devarim 32:24; sf. שִׁנּוֹ Shemos 21:27; du. שִׁנַּיִם Mishlei 10:26, cstr. שִׁנֵּי Yirmiya 31:29 +; sf. שִׁנֵּיהֶם Tehillim 124:6, שִׁנֵּימוֹ Tehillim 58:7, etc.;—

tooth:

of man, Shemos 21:27^(×3) (E), Bamidbar 11:33 (J), Breishis 49:12 (poem in J), Amos 4:6; Shir HaShirim 4:2; Shir HaShirim 6:6, שׁ׳ רֹעָה Mishlei 25:19, v. II. רעע 2; of lex talionis, שׁ׳ תַּחַת שׁ׳ Shemos 21:24 (E), Vayikra 24:20 (H), שֵׁן בְּשׁ׳ Devarim 19:21; irritated by acid Mishlei 10:26, dulled by it (in proverb of inherited guilt) Yirmiya 31:29, Yirmiya 31:30; Yechezkel 18:2; חָרַק שׁ׳ Eicha 2:16; Iyov 16:9 Tehillim 35:16; Tehillim 112:10, v. חָרַק; אֶשָּׂא בְשָׂרִי בְשִׁנָּ֑י Iyov 13:14 = risk my life (del. עַל־מָה, dittogr.; ‖ נַפְשִׁי אָשִׂים בְּכַפִּי); בְּעוֹר שִׁנָּ֑י Iyov 19:20, v. מָלַט Hithp. (other conj. v. Di Bi Bu Du).

of beasts: Devarim 32:24, crocodile Iyov 41:6, locusts Yoel 1:6 (teeth of lions); especially fig. of false prophets Micha 3:5, of foes Zecharia 9:7, oppressors Iyov 29:17, wicked Iyov 4:10 Tehillim 3:8; Tehillim 58:7; Tehillim 124:6; of their weapons Mishlei 30:14 Tehillim 57:5; of Isr. shattered by י׳

tooth of a fork, tine, Shmuel Alef 2:13 (cf. Dr ^{Sm. 291}); of cliff, שֵׁן הַסֶּלַע Shmuel Alef 14:4^(×2), cf. Iyov 39:28, הַשֵּׁן Shmuel Alef 14:5.

ivory, of commerce, קַרְנוֹת שֵׁן Yechezkel 27:15 (i.e. tusks?); as material, מִטּוֹת שׁ׳ Amos 6:4, כִּסֵּא־שׁ׳ Melachim Alef 10:18 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:17, בֵּית הָשּׁ׳ Melachim Alef 22:39, cf. Amos 3:15, הֵיכְלֵי שׁ׳ Tehillim 45:9, also Yechezkel 27:6; Shir HaShirim 5:14; Shir HaShirim 7:5.

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שֵׁן³

n.pr.loc. הַשּׁ׳ Shmuel Alef 7:12, v. יְשָׁנָה p. 446a.

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שֶׁנְהַבִּים²

appar. n.m. [pl.], in list of Solomon’s imports, Melachim Alef 10:22 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:21, AV RV ivory (elsewhere שֵׁן alone); hence הַבִּים = elephants according to Ges (in Thes) Ew Hi Schr^{ZMG xxvii (1873), 709} COT 1 K, cf. 𝔊 (2 Ch, and A in 1 K) ὀδόντων ἐλεφαντίνων, 𝔙 (in 1 K) dentes elephantorum, 𝔗; but this very dub.; < read RödThes Th Be Che^{EB 1154} שֵׁן (וְ)הָבְנִים ivory (and) ebony (Yechezkel 27:15).

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שֵׁנָה³

v. יָשֵׁן.

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שִׁנְעָר

n. pr. loc. Shinar = Babylonia (= Bab. Šumêr according to COT Breishis 11:1 al., > denied by Hal ^{Rev. Crit. 1883, 44} Jen ^{ZK ii (1885), 419}; Egypt; Sangar (WMM^{As. u. Eur. 279}), TelAm. Šanḫar (Wkl ^{TelAm. 25}) identif. with שׁ׳ by Mey ^{Egyptiaca 63}; cf., further, Pinches^{Hast DB shinar});—אֶרֶץ שׁ׳ Breishis 10:10; Breishis 11:2; Zecharia 5:11; Daniel 1:2; מֶלֶךְ־שׁ׳ (Amraphel) Breishis 14:1, Breishis 14:9; שׁ׳ alone Yeshaya 11:11 (as place of diaspora); אַדֶּרֶת שׁ׳ Yehoshua 7:21; 𝔊 usually Σεν(ν)ααρ; Zecharia 5:11 (ἐν γῇ) Βαβυλῶνος.

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שֶׁ֫סַע

n.[m.] cleft;—as acc. cogn. c. [שָׁסַע], q.v.; abs. Vayikra 11:26, cstr. v Vayikra 11:3, Vayikra 11:7 Devarim 14:6.

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שָׁעָה

vb. gaze (steadily, with interest, etc.) (Assyrian šeʾû, behold, look for, aim at);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Breishis 4:5, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁעֶה Yeshaya 17:7, Yeshaya 17:8, apoc. וַיִּ֫שַׁע Breishis 4:4, 1 s. אֶשְׁעָה (Ges^{§ 751}) Tehillim 119:117, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁעֵה Iyov 14:6; mpl. שְׁעוּ Yeshaya 22:4;—gaze at, regard (with favour), י׳ subj., c. אֶל Breishis 4:4, Breishis 4:5 (J); c. מִן pers. = turn gaze away Yeshaya 22:4; Iyov 7:19 Thes Ew Che, + prob. Iyov 10:20 (for יָשִׁית), c. מֵעַל pers. Iyov 14:6; man subj., regard God (with trust, devotion), c. עַל Yeshaya 17:7; Yeshaya 31:1; c. אֶל rei Yeshaya 17:8; c. בְּ of words, statutes, Shemos 5:9 (J) Tehillim 119:117; abs. 3 fpl. תִּשְׁעֶינָה Yeshaya 32:3 shall not behold makes no sense, read prob. תְּשֹׁעֶינָה (√ I. שׁעע, Ew and most); 3 mpl. יִשְׁעוּ Shmuel Beis 22:42 they look (about) for help, < as ‖ Tehillim 18:42 יְשַׁזְּעוּ.

Imv. ms. הָשַׁע מִמֶּנִּי Tehillim 39:14 cause thy gaze to turn away from me (see also √ I. שׁעע), < Qal שְׁעֵה as Iyov 14:6 (cf. Iyov 7:19; Yeshaya 22:4) Hup Bae Du Ges^{§ 75 gg}.

Impf. 2 ms. apoc. אַל־תִּשְׁתָּע Yeshaya 41:10 gaze not about (in anxiety, ‖ אַל־תִּירָא); 1 pl. וְנִשְׁתָּ֫עָה (Ges^{§ 75 l}) v Yeshaya 41:23 let us look at each other (in rivalry, v. ראה Hithp.).

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שַׁעַטְנֵז

n.m. mixed stuff (perhaps of Egyptian origin; Kn der. from Copt., saht, woven, + nudj, false (Peyron^{Lex 224. 133}), and thinks orig. שַׁעַטְנֹז; 𝔊 has κίβδηλος, spurious);—a kind of cloth forbidden for garments; defined Devarim 22:11 by צֶמֶר וּפִשְׁתִּים יַחְדָּו, and Vayikra 19:19 (H) by כִּלְאַיִם.

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שׁוּעָל

n.m. ^{Shir HaShirim 2:15} fox, perhaps also jackal;—abs. שׁ׳ Nechemia 3:25; pl. שׁוּעָלִים Shoftim 15:4 +, שֻׁ׳ Yechezkel 13:4; Shir HaShirim 2:15 b;—fox (prob.) Nechemia 3:25; Shir HaShirim 2:15^(×2); perhaps (from large no.) jackal Shoftim 15:4; as haunting ruins Yechezkel 13:4; Eicha 5:18; eating offal Tehillim 63:11.

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שׁוּעָל²

n.pr.loc. district in Israel;—אֶרֶץ שׁ׳ Shmuel Alef 13:17 (דֶּרֶךְ עָפְרָה); not identified.—Vid. also חֲצַר שׁ׳ p. 347 b supr.

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שׁוּעָל³

n.pr.m. in Asher;—Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:36, Σουλα, A Σουαλ, 𝔊L Σουαν.

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שַׁעֲשֻׁעִים

-שׁוּעִים n.[m.]pl. intens. delight (Ba^{NB 206});—abs. -שׁוּעִים Yirmiya 31:20 Mishlei 8:30; sf. -שׁוּעָיו Yeshaya 5:7, usually -שֻׁעַי Mishlei 8:31 Tehillim 119:24, -שֻׁעָ֑י v Tehillim 119:77 + 3 times;—delight, in phr. נְטַע שׁ׳ Yeshaya 5:7 the planting of his delight (in which he took delight), so יֶלֶד שׁ׳ Yirmiya 31:20 (‖ בֵּן יַקִּיר); שׁ׳ אֶת־ Mishlei 8:31 my delight (was) with the sons of men; elsewhere = object of delight, of wisdom v Mishlei 8:30; God’s law, etc., Tehillim 119:24, Tehillim 119:77, Tehillim 119:92, Tehillim 119:143, Tehillim 119:174.

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שַׁ֫עַף

n.pr.m. in clan of Caleb, Σαγαε, A Σαγαφ, 𝔊L Σααφ;—

שׁ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:49.

שָׁ֑עַף v Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:47.

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שַׁ֫עַר

n.m. Shmuel Beis 18:24 (f. ^{Yeshaya 14:31} in personif., Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 86}) gate;—שׁ׳ abs. Shoftim 9:40 +, cstr. Breishis 22:17 +; c. ה loc., שָׁ֑עְרָה Yeshaya 28:6 +; pl. שְׁעָרִים Shmuel Beis 18:24 +, cstr. שַׁעֲרֵי Shmuel Alef 17:52 +; sf. שְׁעָרֶיךָ Devarim 12:15 +, שַׁעֲרֵיהֶם Yechezkel 21:20; Yechezkel 48:34, etc.;—

gate, entrance to city, shut (סָגַר) by night Yehoshua 2:5, Yehoshua 2:7 (JE), cf. Yeshaya 45:1, opened (פָּתַח) by day Nechemia 7:3, cf. Yeshaya 60:11; for entrance (בּוֹא), and exit (יָצָא) Yirmiya 17:19, Yirmiya 17:20, Yirmiya 17:21, Yirmiya 17:24, Yirmiya 17:25, Yirmiya 17:27; Eicha 4:12; Yechezkel 26:10 +; עָבַר שׁ׳ Micha 2:13 pass out through (disreg.accents), ע׳ בַּשׁ׳ Yeshaya 62:10; with bars Tehillim 147:13; attacked Yechezkel 21:20, Yechezkel 21:27, cf. Yeshaya 28:6; Micha 1:9, Micha 1:12; Shmuel Alef 17:52; on Shoftim 5:8, Shoftim 5:11 v. Comm.; burned (by foe) Yirmiya 17:27; Yirmiya 51:58; Nechemia 1:3; Nechemia 2:3, Nechemia 2:13, Nechemia 2:17; as giving control, possession, of city, יָרַשׁ אֵת שׁ׳ אֹיְבָיו Breishis 22:17; Breishis 24:60 (J); פֶּתַח הַשּׁ׳ Shoftim 9:40 + (v. פ׳), דַּלְתוֹת הַשּׁ׳ Shmuel Alef 21:14 + (v. ד׳ 3); פֶּתַח־הַשּׁ׳ Shoftim 18:16, Shoftim 18:17 of farm or village; so of camp Shemos 32:26, Shemos 32:27 (J). In cities, elaborate structure, with roof Shmuel Beis 18:24, upper chamber Shmuel Beis 19:1; cf. שְׂאוּ שְׁעָרִים רָאשֵׁיכֶם Tehillim 24:7, Tehillim 24:9; write laws בִּשׁ׳ Devarim 6:9 (+ עַל־מְזֻזוֹת בֵּיתֶ֑ךָ), Devarim 11:20 (+ id.); בְּתוֹךְ הַשּׁ׳ Shmuel Alef 9:18, אֶל־תּוֹךְ הַשּׁ׳ Shmuel Beis 3:27; (לְ)יַד שׁ׳ as public, Shmuel Alef 4:18, + v Shmuel Alef 4:13 𝔊 Th We Dr al., cf. Shmuel Beis 15:2; Shmuel Beis 18:4 Mishlei 8:3 (‖ מְבוֹא פְתָחִים).

particular gates of Jerusalem are: (1) שׁ׳ אֶפְרַיִם Melachim Beis 14:13 ‖ Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:23; Nechemia 8:16; Nechemia 12:39; (2) שׁ׳ הָאַשְׁפֹּת Nechemia 2:13; Nechemia 3:14; Nechemia 12:31 = שׁ׳ הָֽשְׁפוֹת Nechemia 3:13; (3) שׁ׳ בִּנְיָמִין Yirmiya 37:13; Yirmiya 38:7; Zecharia 14:10; (4) שׁ׳ הנַּיִא Nechemia 2:13; Nechemia 2:15; Nechemia 3:13 Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:9; (5) שׁ׳ הַדָּגִים Tzefania 1:10; Nechemia 3:3; Nechemia 12:39; Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:14; (6) שׁ׳ בֵּין הַחֹמֹתַיִם Melachim Beis 25:4 = Yirmiya 52:7, cf. Yirmiya 39:4; (7) שׁ׳ החרסות Yirmiya 19:2; (8) שׁ׳ הַיְשָׁנָח Nechemia 3:6; Nechemia 12:39; (9) שׁ׳ הַמִּזְרָה Nechemia 3:29; (10) שׁ׳ הַמַּטָּרָה Nechemia 12:39; (11) שׁ׳ הַמּֽ֑יִם Nechemia 8:1, Nechemia 8:3, Nechemia 8:16; (12) שׁ׳ הַמַּיִם לַמִּזְרָ֑ח Nechemia 3:26, cf. Nechemia 12:37; (13) שׁ׳ הַמִּפְקָ֑ד Nechemia 3:31; (14) שׁ׳ הָעַיִן Nechemia 2:14; Nechemia 3:15; Nechemia 12:37; (15) שׁ׳ הַסּוּסִים Yirmiya 31:40; Nechemia 3:28 (cf. 3 b); (16) שׁ׳ הַפִּנָּה Melachim Beis 14:13 ‖ Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:23 (read הַפִּנָּה for הַפּוֹנֶה), Yirmiya 31:38; Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:9; prob. = שׁ׳ הָפִּנִּים Zecharia 14:10; (17) שׁ׳ הַצֹּאן Nechemia 3:1, Nechemia 3:32; Nechemia 12:39; (18) שׁ׳ הַרִאשׁוֹן Zecharia 14:10;—on sites and rel. to each other v. RS-GASm^{Ency. Bib. jerusalem} Conder^{Hast DB id.} Buhl^{G. 133 ff.} Bd.^{Pai. s. v.} Murray^{Hd. Bk. s.v.} Be-Ry^{Ne p. 182 ff.} Gu^{ZPV, especially v (1882), 7 ff., viii (1885), 245 ff.} Comm.^{ad loc}.^var.

of Ezekiel’s holy city, שַׁעֲרִי הָעִיר Yechezkel 48:31, three on each side, named for tribes, v Yechezkel 48:31^(×4) + 12 times Yechezkel 48.

gate = space inside gate, as public meeting-place, market Melachim Beis 7:1, Melachim Beis 7:18, place of public well Shmuel Beis 23:15, Shmuel Beis 23:16 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:17, Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:18; where elders, judges, king, sat officially Devarim 21:19; Devarim 22:15; Amos 5:12, Amos 5:15; Yeshaya 29:21; Shmuel Beis 18:24; Shmuel Beis 19:9; Melachim Alef 22:10 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:9; Breishis 19:1 (J) Mishlei 24:7; Iyov 5:4; Iyov 31:21; Rus 4:1, Rus 4:11; Mishlei 31:23, Mishlei 31:31, etc.; of conqueror Yirmiya 1:15; appar. = רְחוֹב שׁ׳ Breishis 19:2 (J) Nechemia 8:16; Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:16 + (v. i. ר׳); Breishis 34:20 (P) one came unto gate (בָּא אֶל־), so בָּאֵי שׁ׳ Breishis 23:10, Breishis 34:18 (P) those entering the gate, i.e. having citizens’ rights; also went out (to), יָצָא שׁ׳ Iyov 29:7 (i.e., in this case, from his own house, outside the city), hence כָּל־יֹצְאֵי שׁ׳ Breishis 34:24^(×2) (P; cf. also הוֹצִיא אֶל־ Devarim 21:19; Devarim 22:15, Devarim 22:24); hence = body of citizens, כָּל־שׁ׳ עַמִּי Rus 3:11.

hence also = city Yeshaya 14:31 (‖ עִיר), Tehillim 87:2, etc.

specif. in Dt, בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ in thy gates, i.e. thy cities, towns, etc., Devarim 5:14 = Shemos 20:10; Devarim 12:12, Devarim 12:15, Devarim 12:17, Devarim 12:21 + 22 times Dt + Melachim Alef 8:37 (read בְּאַחַד שׁ׳, cf. Devarim 18:6; Devarim 23:17, so 𝔊; 𝔖 mod.), so ‖ Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:28, + (perhaps) Yirmiya 14:2 (but Yirmiya 15:7 Nachum 3:13 fig. of gates as entrance to land); of private house, שַׁעֲרֵי צַדִּיק Mishlei 14:19 (perhaps cf. Shoftim 18:16 1 a supr.).

gate of royal castle or palace Melachim Beis 9:31; Yirmiya 22:2, Yirmiya 22:4; Nechemia 2:8; Esther 2:19 + 10 times Est; specif. (of king of Judah), שׁ׳ סוּר Melachim Beis 11:6 = שׁ׳ הַיְסוֹד Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:5 (v. ס׳, יס׳), שׁ׳ הָרָצִים Melachim Beis 11:19, הַשּׁ׳ אַחַר הָר׳ v Melachim Beis 11:6; שׁ׳ הַסּוּסִים בֵּית הַמּ׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:15 (= מְבוֹא הַסּ׳ ‖ Melachim Beis 11:16); appar. of official residence, פֶּתַח שׁ׳ יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Melachim Beis 23:8.

of temple Yirmiya 7:2^(×2) Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:23; Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:42 + 12 times Ch, incl. שַׁעֲרֵי מַחֲנוֹת י׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:2 (v. מַחֲנֶה 1, p. 334), cf. Tehillim 100:4; Tehillim 118:20, שַׁעֲרֵי צֶדֶק v Tehillim 118:19; specif. שׁ׳ בִּנְיָמִין הָעֶלְיוֹן Yirmiya 20:2, and (om. בִּנְי׳) Melachim Beis 15:35 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 27:3; Yechezkel 9:2; Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:20, י׳ הֶחָדָשׁ (בֵּית) שׁ׳ Yirmiya 26:10; Yirmiya 36:10, שׁ׳ הַפְּנִימִית הַפּוֹנֶה צָפ֫וֹנָה Yechezkel 8:3 cf. v Yechezkel 8:14, Yechezkel 8:5, שׁ׳ הַמִּזְבֵּחַ שַׁעַר בֵּית י׳ הַקַּדְמֹנִי Yechezkel 10:19; Yechezkel 11:1; שׁ׳ שַׁלֶּכֶת Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:16; שַׁעַר הַמֶּלֶךְ Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:18.

of Ezekiel’s temple and courts Yechezkel 40:3, Yechezkel 40:6; Yechezkel 44:11, Yechezkel 44:17 + 67 times Yechezkel 40-47.

of court of tabern. (P), שׁ׳ הֶחָצֵר Shemos 27:16; Shemos 35:17 + 6 times Ex + Bamidbar 4:36.

fig. זֶה שׁ׳ הַשָּׁמַיִם Breishis 28:17 (E; ‖ בֵּית אֱלֹהִים); pl. שַׁעֲרֵי שְׁאוֹל Yeshaya 38:10; שׁ׳־מָוֶת Iyov 38:17 Tehillim 9:14; Tehillim 107:18; שׁ׳ צַלְמָוֶת Iyov 38:17.

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שֹׁעֵר

n.m. porter (denom. from 1. שַׁעַר);—abs. שׁוֹ׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:14, cstr. שֹׁ׳ Melachim Beis 7:10; Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:21, + f. שׁוֹעֶ֫רֶת Shmuel Beis 4:6 (for MT בֹּאוּ עַד תּ[וֹךְ]) We Dr HPS Bu Now after 𝔊 (Th פְּקִידַת דֶּלֶת); pl. שֹׁעֲרִים Melachim Beis 7:11 + cstr. שֹׁעֲרֵי Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:4;—porter of city gate Melachim Beis 7:10, Melachim Beis 7:11 (Shmuel Beis 18:26 read הַשַּׁעַר 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 Th We Dr and most); portress of houses Shmuel Beis 4:6 (v. supr.); elsewhere (34 times Ch Ezr Ne) of gate-keepers in sanctuary Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:17, Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:18, Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:24 +; 4,000 in no., Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:5; שׁ׳ פֶּתַח לְאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:21; שֹׁעֲרִים בַּסִּפִּים v Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:22; שׁ׳ לָאָרוֹן Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:23, Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:24; שֹׁעֲרֵי הַסִּפִּים Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:4; בְּנֵי הַשֹּׁעֲרִים Ezra 2:42.

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שַׁעֲרַ֫יִם

n.pr.loc.

in the Shephelah of Judah (Buhl^{Geogr. 194}) Yehoshua 15:36, Σακαρειμ, 𝔊L Σεβαρειμ; דֶּרֶךְ שׁ׳ Shmuel Alef 17:52 (𝔊 τῶν πυλῶν).

in the Negeb (Simeon), וּבְשַׁעֲרָ֑יִם Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:31, Σεωρειμ, 𝔊L Σααριμ; = שָׁרוּחֶ֑ן (q.v.) Yehoshua 19:6, and perhaps שִׁלְחִים (in Negeb of Judah) Yehoshua 15:32; Buhl^{Geogr. 185.}

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שָׁעַר

vb. calculate, reckon (NH Pi. J.Aram Pa. put a valuation on, estimate; J.Aram; שַׁעֲרָא interest, market-price; Arabic سِعْرٌ market-price is loan-word Frä¹⁸⁹);—

Pf. 3 ms. כְּמוֹ־שׁ׳ בְּנַפְשׁוֹ כֶּן־הוּא Mishlei 23:7 as he has calculated in his soul, so is he, but dub.: De שֹׁעֵר as one who calculates; more radical conj. in Bi Toy.

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שַׁ֫עַר²

n.[m.] measure (proposes reckoning);—pl. מֵאָה שְׁעָרִים Breishis 26:12 (J) 100 measures, i.e. 100 for one = 100-fold.

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שַׁעֲרוּרָה

n.f. horror = horrible thing;—שַׁמָּה וְשׁ׳ Yirmiya 5:30 an astounding and horrible thing has occurred; בִּנְבִיאֵי ירושׁ׳ רָאִיתִי שׁ׳ Yirmiya 23:14.

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שַׁעַשְׁגַּז

n.m. pers. Esther 2:14, Γαι.

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שְׁפוֹ

n.pr.m. in Edom, Breishis 36:23, Σωφ, 𝔊L Σωφαν; = ii. שְׁפִי Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:40, Σωβ, 𝔊L Σαπφει.

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שְׁפִי

n.m. bareness, smooth or bare (treeless) height;—

bareness, Iyov 33:21 Kt (v. √).

bare place, height: שֶׁ֑פִי Bamidbar 23:3 (E), i.e. an outlook-point; pl. שְׁפָיִים Yeshaya 41:18; Yeshaya 49:9; Yirmiya 3:21, שְׁפָיִם Yirmiya 3:2; Yirmiya 4:11 (‖ מִדְבָּר), Yirmiya 7:29, Yirmiya 12:12 (בַּמִּדְבָּר), Yirmiya 14:6.

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שָׁפַת

vb.denom. set (on the fire) (NH; v. √; Sab. שפת = bestow, Sab Denkm^{No. 8, i. 15});—

Imv. ms. שְׁפֹת הַסִּיר Melachim Beis 4:38 set on the pot, so Yechezkel 24:3, cf. v Yechezkel 24:3 (del. Co, not Krae; Toy allows); later more gen. (subj. י׳): Impf. 2 ms. sf. תִּשְׁפְּתֵנִי Tehillim 22:16 in the dust of death thou settest me.

ordain, establish, 2 ms. תִּשְׁפֹּת שָׁלוֹם לָ֑גוּ Yeshaya 26:12.

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שְׁפַתַּ֫יִם

v. p. 1052 infr.

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שִׁפְחָה

n.f. maid, maid-servant (syn. אָמָה, q.v.; orig. = concubine? cf. √);—abs. שׁ׳ Breishis 16:1 +; cstr. שִׁפְחַת v Breishis 16:2 +; sf. שִׁפְחָתִי v Breishis 16:2 +, שִׁפְחָתֶ֑ךָ Rus 2:13, etc.; pl. abs. שְׁפָחוֹת Breishis 12:16 +; etc.;—

lit., maid, maid-servant, as belonging to a mistress Breishis 16:1, Breishis 16:3, Breishis 16:6, Breishis 16:8 (PJ) Breishis 29:24, Breishis 29:29 (P) Tehillim 123:2, Mishlei 30:23; Yeshaya 24:2; even where concubine of master (cf. אָמָה) Breishis 16:2, Breishis 16:5 (PJ) Breishis 25:12; Breishis 35:25, Breishis 35:26 (P) Breishis 30:4, Breishis 30:7, Breishis 30:9, Breishis 30:10, Breishis 30:12, Breishis 30:18 (all JE); less often ref. to master Breishis 29:24, Breishis 29:29 (J), Rus 2:13, of concubine Breishis 32:23, cf. Breishis 33:1, Breishis 33:2, Breishis 33:6 (all J); marriageable Vayikra 19:20 (H, cf. Shemos 11:5; not elsewhere in legisl.); in gen., especially of menial service (never אָמָה) Shemos 11:5 (J) Shmuel Alef 25:41 (opp. אָמָה) Shmuel Beis 17:17 (‖ עֶבֶד) Breishis 12:16; Breishis 24:35 (J) Breishis 20:14 (E) Breishis 30:43 (P) Breishis 32:6 (J; coll.) Devarim 28:68; Shmuel Alef 8:16; Melachim Beis 5:26; Yeshaya 14:2; Yirmiya 34:9, Yirmiya 34:10, Yirmiya 34:11^(×2), Yirmiya 34:16^(×2) Yoel 3:2; Koheles 2:7; Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:10; Esther 7:4.

fig. in address, שִׁפְתָֽתְךָ, etc., of speaker, in token of humility (v. אָמָה) Rus 2:13 (‖ אָמָה Rus 3:9), Shmuel Alef 1:18 (‖ id. v Shmuel Alef 1:16), Shmuel Alef 25:27 (‖ v Shmuel Alef 25:24), Shmuel Alef 28:21, Shmuel Alef 28:22; Shmuel Beis 14:6, Shmuel Beis 14:7, Shmuel Beis 14:12, Shmuel Beis 14:15, Shmuel Beis 14:17, Shmuel Beis 14:19 (‖ אָמָה v Shmuel Alef 28:15, Shmuel Alef 28:16); Melachim Beis 4:2, Melachim Beis 4:16; not toward God; but v. אָמָה.

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שָׁפַט

vb. judge, govern (NH in deriv.; Ph. שפט = שֹׁפֵט, also in n.pr.; Pun. sufet Lzb³⁸¹; Biblical Aramaic שָֽׁפְטִין; Assyrian šapâtu (t = ת), syn. dânu (דִּין), judge Dl^{WB 684}, šipṭu (ט), prob. judgment [and šapiṭu, captain?] Jen^{ZA iv (1889), 278 f.}; on poss. connexion with Arabic سفط v. Nö^{ZMG xi (1886), 724}; on usage of vb. see Ferguson^{JBL viii (1888), 130 ff.});—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Shoftim 16:31 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁפֹּט Breishis 16:5, יִשְׁפּוֹט Yeshaya 11:3; 3 mpl. יִשְׁפְּטוּ Breishis 31:53 +, יִשְׁפּ֫וּטוּ Shemos 18:26 (Ki יִשְׁפּוּט֫וּ; cf. Ges^{§ 47 g}), etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁפוֹט Breishis 19:9; cstr. שְׁפֹט Rus 1:1, לִשְׁפֹּט Shemos 8:13 +, etc.; Imv. שְׁפָט־ Mishlei 31:9, שָׁפְטָה Tehillim 82:8; Eicha 3:59, שִׁפְטוּ Yeshaya 1:17 +, שְׁפֹ֑טוּ Zecharia 7:9, etc.; Pt. שֹׁפֵט Shmuel Alef 3:13 +, etc.;—

act as law-giver, judge, governor (giving law, deciding controversies and executing law, civil, religious, political, social; both early and late):

of God only, שֹׁפֵט כל הארץ Breishis 18:25 (J), ‖ מֶלֶךְ, מְחֹקֵק Yeshaya 33:22.

of man, Breishis 19:9^(×2) (J), Moses deciding cases Shemos 18:13 (E), making known statutes v Shemos 18:16 (E); so his assistants v Shemos 18:22^(×2), Shemos 18:26^(×2) (E), ‖ Devarim 1:16; of שׁפטי ישׂראל Bamidbar 25:5 (executioners); י׳ set שֹׁפְטִים over Isr. Shoftim 2:16, Shoftim 2:18; Shmuel Beis 7:11 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 17:10, to deliver Isr., שׁפט ישׂראל Shoftim 3:10; Shoftim 4:4; Shoftim 10:2, Shoftim 10:3 + 9 times Ju, Shmuel Alef 4:18; Shmuel Alef 7:15, Shmuel Alef 7:16, Shmuel Alef 7:17; Melachim Beis 23:22, cf. Shmuel Alef 7:6; Pt. שֹׁפֵט as subst. also Shoftim 2:17, Shoftim 2:18, Shoftim 2:19; Shmuel Alef 8:1, Shmuel Alef 8:2; Melachim Beis 23:22; שֹׁפְטֵי יִשׂ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 17:6 (‖ Shmuel Beis 7:7 שִׁבְטֵי), בִּימֵי שְׁפֹט הַשֹּׁפְטִים Rus 1:1^(×2) (cf. מוֹשִׁיעִים Ovadia 1:21); שׁפט, ‖ מֶלֶךְ Shmuel Alef 8:5, Shmuel Alef 8:6, Shmuel Alef 8:20; Hoshea 7:7; Hoshea 13:10; שֹׁפֶט ישׂראל Micha 4:14 (= king); king judges people Melachim Alef 3:9^(×2) = Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:10; Melachim Alef 15:5 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:21; Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:11; abs. Melachim Alef 7:7; Yeshaya 16:5; ‖ שׂרים Shemos 2:14 (E) Amos 2:3; Tzefania 3:3; ‖ יוֹעֵץ Yeshaya 1:26; Iyov 12:17, cf. Yeshaya 3:2; שֹׁפְטֵי אָרֶץ Yeshaya 40:23 (‖ רוֹזְנִים), Mishlei 8:16 (‖ שׂרים), Tehillim 2:10; Tehillim 148:11 (‖ מלכים); שׁפטינו אשׁר שׁפטונו Daniel 9:12^(×2).

specif. decide controversy, discriminate betw. persons, in civil, political, domestic and religious questions:

of God Tehillim 82:1: שׁ׳ בֵּין … וּבֵין Breishis 16:5 (J; domestic), Shoftim 11:27^(×2); Shmuel Alef 24:13, Shmuel Alef 24:16 (all of war), Yechezkel 34:20 (relig.); c. בֵּין … לְ Yechezkel 34:17, Yechezkel 34:22 (relig.); c. בֵּינֵינוּ Breishis 31:53 (E; domestic), Yeshaya 2:4 = Micha 4:3 (of war); c. בְּ Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:12 (war); c. acc. Melachim Alef 8:32 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:23; Koheles 3:17, condemning wicked and justifying righteous Iyov 21:22 (‖ ידע), Iyov 23:7; abs. Shemos 5:21 (J) Iyov 22:13; שׁ׳ צֶדֶק Yirmiya 11:20 Tehillim 9:5; י׳ is שׁוֹפֵט צַדִּיק Tehillim 7:12.

of man, שׁ׳ בֵּין … וּבֵין Shemos 18:16 (E) Bamidbar 35:24 (P) Devarim 1:16 (all civil), Yeshaya 5:3 (relig.); c. acc. Vayikra 19:15 (H) Devarim 25:1 (all civil), Yechezkel 20:4^(×2); Yechezkel 22:2^(×2); Yechezkel 23:36; שׁ׳ מִשְׁפָּט Devarim 16:18; Melachim Alef 3:28 (Sol.); במשׁפטים Yechezkel 44:24, c. ל Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:6; abs. Yechezkel 44:24; Yeshaya 11:3 (king); influenced by bribes Micha 3:11; Micha 7:3; Iyov 9:24; Absalom desires to decide cases as שֹׁפֵט Shmuel Beis 15:4 (implying lack of such in his time); according to Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:5, Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:6 Jehoshaphat set up שׁפטים, appar. for the first as judges in this specific sense; code of Dt recognizes them: הַשֹּׁפֵט declares דְּבַר הַמִּשְׁפָּט Devarim 17:9, Devarim 17:12; Devarim 25:2; שׁפטים + שֹׁטְרִים Devarim 16:18; Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:4; Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:29; Yehoshua 8:33 (+ זְקֵנִים), Yehoshua 23:2; Yehoshua 24:1 (D; both + זקנים, רָאשִׁים), + זקנים only Devarim 21:2; Ezra 10:14, + כֹּהֲנִים; Devarim 19:17, Devarim 19:18, שׂרים Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:2.

execute judgment:

discriminating, of man only, משׁפט אמת Zecharia 7:9, מֵישָׁרִים שׁ׳ Tehillim 58:2 judge uprightly; משׁפט שׁלום Zecharia 8:16, צֶדֶק Mishlei 31:9, עָוֶל Tehillim 82:2.

vindicating, c. acc.: (1) subj. God, יתום Tehillim 10:18, acc. pers. Tehillim 26:1; Tehillim 43:1; Tehillim 58:12 (read שֹׁפְטָם for שׁפטים), שׁ׳ משׁפט Eicha 3:59; מִיַּד vindicate by delivering from hand of Shmuel Alef 24:16; Shmuel Beis 18:19, Shmuel Beis 18:31; שָׁפְטֵנִי י׳ כְּצִדְקִי Tehillim 7:9; שָׁפְטֵנִי כְּצִדְקְךָ Tehillim 35:24. (2) subj. man, c. acc. יתום Yeshaya 1:17, Yeshaya 1:23; דל(ים) Yeshaya 11:4; Mishlei 29:14 Tehillim 82:3; עניי עם Tehillim 72:4; משׁפט אביונים Yirmiya 5:28.

condemning and punishing, (1) God כְּדַרְכֵי פ׳ acc. to ways of Yechezkel 7:3, Yechezkel 7:8; Yechezkel 18:30; Yechezkel 24:14; Yechezkel 33:20; Yechezkel 36:19; במשׁפטים Yechezkel 7:27; Yechezkel 23:24; משׁפטי נאפות Yechezkel 16:38 (= Yechezkel 23:45 of human judges); c. acc. Shmuel Alef 3:13 Tehillim 51:6 Yeshaya 51:5; Yechezkel 11:10, Yechezkel 11:11; Yechezkel 21:35; Yechezkel 35:11. (2) of man, only שֹׁפְטֵי נַפְשׁוֹ Tehillim 109:31 and Yechezkel 23:45 supr., prob. also Tehillim 141:6 (corrupt).

at theophanic advent for final judgment: God is שֹׁפֵט Tehillim 50:6; Tehillim 75:8; שׁפט הארץ Tehillim 94:2, c. acc. בא לשׁפט הארץ Tehillim 96:13 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:33, Tehillim 98:9; שׁ׳ הארץ Tehillim 82:8; כל הגוים Yoel 4:12; עמים Tehillim 67:5; תבל Tehillim 9:9; Tehillim 96:13 = Tehillim 98:9; שׁ׳ מישׁרים Tehillim 75:3.

Pf. 1 s. נִשְׁפַּטְתִּי Yechezkel 20:36 + 4 times; Impf. 1 s. אִשָּׁפֵט Yechezkel 20:36; אִשָּֽׁפְטָה Shmuel Alef 12:7, etc.; Inf. cstr. הִשָּׁפֵט Divrei HaYamim Beis 22:8; sf. הִשָּֽׁפְטוֹ Tehillim 37:33; Tehillim 109:7; Pt. נִשְׁפָּט Yeshaya 59:4 + 4 times;—

recipr., (Ges^{§ 51 d}), enter into controversy, plead: c. אֵת with, of God Yirmiya 2:35; Yechezkel 17:20 (+ acc. rei) Yechezkel 20:35, Yechezkel 20:36^(×2); Yechezkel 38:22; of man Shmuel Alef 12:7 (+ וְאַגִּידָה לָכֶם 𝔊 We), Mishlei 29:9; c. עִם, of God Yoel 4:2, of man Divrei HaYamim Beis 22:8; c. ל, of God Yirmiya 25:31; נשׁ׳ יחד Yeshaya 43:26 have controversy together; באשׁ by fire (of God) Yeshaya 66:16; באמונה Yeshaya 59:4.

pass. be judged, Tehillim 9:20; Tehillim 37:33; Tehillim 109:7. Pôʿel Pt. sf. מְשֹׁפְטִי (dub.; Hi Bu מִשְׁפָּטִי), = my opponent-at-law (Ges^{§ 55 b}) Iyov 9:15; + Tzefania 3:15 Tehillim 109:31 We al.

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שְׁפוֹט

n.m. si vera l. judgment, act of judgment;—abs. שׁ׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:9 (so 𝔊 𝔖, but dub.); pl. שְׁפוּטִים Yechezkel 23:10 (Toy שְׁפָטִים, Co del.).

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שָׁפָט

n.pr.m. (he hath judged);—usually Σαφατ[θ]:

father of Elisha Melachim Alef 19:16, Melachim Alef 19:19; Melachim Beis 3:11; Melachim Beis 6:31.

prince of Simeon Bamidbar 13:5.

grandson of Zerub. Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:22.

Gaddite chief Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:12 (Σαβατ, Σαφαμ [ν]).

herdsman of David Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:29 (Σωφαν, A Σωφατ, 𝔊L Σαφατ).

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שִׁפְטָן

n.pr.m. (judgment);—prince of Ephraim Bamidbar 34:24; Σαβαθα(ν), 𝔊L Σαφαταν.

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שְׁפִי²

v. I. שׁפה.

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שְׁפִי³

v. שְׁפוֹ sub I. שׁפה.

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שָׁפַךְ

vb. pour out, pour (NH id.; Assyrian šapâku, pour out, especially (Dl^WB Jen^{Kosmol. 41}) earth, to form mound; Arabic سَفَكَ pour out, cf. سَبَكَ melt and pour into mould; Ethiopic ሰበከ: Aramaic שְׁפַךְ, ܫܦܰܟ (rare) = BH);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Melachim Alef 2:31 +; 3 fs. sf. שְׁפָכַ֫תְהוּ Yechezkel 24:7, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁפֹּךְ Melachim Beis 19:32 +; 2 ms. sf. 3 ms. תִּשְׁפְּכֶנּוּ Devarim 12:16 +, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁפוֹךְ Shoftim 6:20 +, שְׁפָךְ־ Tehillim 69:25; fs. שִׁפְכִי Eicha 2:19, etc.; Inf. cstr. שְׁפָךְ־ Melachim Alef 18:28 +, לִשְׁפֹּךְ Yeshaya 59:7 +, etc.; Pt. act. שֹׁפֵךְ Breishis 9:6 +, f. שֹׁפֶ֫כֶת Yechezkel 22:3, etc.; pass. שָׁפוּךְ Tehillim 79:10, שְׁפוּכָה Yechezkel 20:33, Yechezkel 20:34;—

lit.:

pour out, pour water Shemos 4:9 (J; acc. loc.), Shmuel Alef 7:6 (+ לִפְנֵי י׳, unique, symb. of contrition), עַל־פְּנֵי הָאָרֶץ (subj. י׳) Amos 5:8; Amos 9:6; blood like water (to flow away and be absorbed), עַל־הָאָרֶץ Devarim 12:16, Devarim 12:24; Devarim 15:23, cf. Vayikra 17:13 (H) Yechezkel 24:7; also + אֶל loc. Shemos 29:12; Vayikra 4:7, Vayikra 4:18, Vayikra 4:25, Vayikra 4:30, Vayikra 4:34; + עַל pers. reflex. Melachim Alef 18:28; pour out broth Shoftim 6:20, libation (נֶסֶךְ, to (ל) false gods) Yeshaya 57:6; dust Vayikra 14:41 (P; אֶל loc.); c. acc. סֹלְלָה mound (in siege), = make by pouring (earth, orig. from baskets, see especially Assyrian šapâku Dl^{WB 679 b} Jen^{Kosmol. 41}), + עַל־ of city Melachim Beis 19:32 = Yeshaya 37:33; Yirmiya 6:6; Yechezkel 4:2; Yechezkel 26:8, אֶל־ Shmuel Beis 20:15; abs. Yechezkel 17:17; Yechezkel 21:27; Daniel 11:15; וַיִּשׁ׳ מֵעָיו אַרְצָה Shmuel Beis 20:10 (by a sword-thrust in the belly), cf. יִשׁ׳ לָאָרֶץ מְרֵרָתִי Iyov 16:13 (metaph., י׳ subj.).

techn., acc.; דָּם shed blood Breishis 37:22 (E) Breishis 9:6 (P) Shmuel Alef 25:31; Yechezkel 22:4 + 9 times Ez, + 15 times (pass. Tehillim 79:10) + Yechezkel 36:18 (c. עַל־הָאָרֶץ), Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:8 (c. אַ֫רְצָה); acc. דָּמִים †Melachim Alef 2:31; Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:3 Tehillim 79:3 (כַּמַּיִם).

fig.:

י׳ subj., pour out anger, etc.: עֲלֵיהֶם אֶשׁ׳ כַּמַּיִם עֶבְרָתִי Hoshea 5:10; שׁ׳ חֲמָתִי עַל Yechezkel 14:19 + 8 times Ez, Yirmiya 10:25; Yeshaya 42:25 Tehillim 79:6 (אֶל et עַל); acc. ח׳ om. Yirmiya 6:11; c. ב loc. Eicha 2:4; ח׳ שְׁפוּכָה Yechezkel 20:33, Yechezkel 20:34; acc. חֲרוֹן אַפּוֹ Eicha 4:11; acc. זַעַם (עַל pers.) Yechezkel 21:36 + 3 times; acc. בּוּזּ contempt, עַל pers., Iyov 12:21 = Tehillim 107:40; pour their own wickedness עֲלֵיהֶם Yirmiya 14:16 (i.e. requite it); pour out רוּחִי עַל Yechezkel 39:29, cf. Zecharia 12:10; Yoel 3:1, Yoel 3:2.

hum. subj. pour out one’s heart, etc., כַּמַּיִם לִבֵּךְ Eicha 2:19, לְפָנָיו לְבַבְכֶם Tehillim 62:9 (i.e. bef. י׳), אֶת־נַפְשִׁי לִפְנֵי י׳ Shmuel Alef 1:15, עָלַי (reflex.; v. עַל 1 d) Tehillim 42:5; אֶת־שִׂיחוֹ לִפְנֵי י׳ Tehillim 102:1 (title), cf. Tehillim 142:3; in bad sense, וַתִּשְׁפְּכִי אֶת־תַּזְנוּתַיִךְ עַל־ Yechezkel 16:15, cf. Yechezkel 23:8.

Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁפַּךְ Eicha 2:11, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁפֵךְ Breishis 9:6 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. הִשָּׁפֵךְ Yechezkel 16:36;—be poured out: of ashes Melachim Alef 13:3, Melachim Alef 13:5, blood (עַל loc.) Devarim 12:27; be shed, of blood Breishis 9:6 (P) Devarim 19:10; in fig. Eicha 2:11 my liver is poured לָאָרֶץ (cf. Qal 1 a ad fin.); Tehillim 22:15 I am poured out like water (nerveless, helpless); subj. נְּחֻשְׁתֵּךְ Yechezkel 16:36 (v. ii. [נְחשֶׁת]; cf. v Yechezkel 16:15 Qal 2 b).

Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְשֻׁפַּךְ Tzefania 1:17 be poured out כֶּעָפָר, of blood; שֻׁפַּךְ Bamidbar 35:33 (P) be shed, of blood; 3 fs. שֻׁפְּכָה Tehillim 73:2 Kt my steps were caused to slip (Qr שֻׁפְּכוּ).

Impf. 3 fs. עָלַי תִּשְׁתַּפֵּךְ נַפְשִׁי Iyov 30:16 my soul pours itself out upon me; 3 fpl. תִּשְׁתַּפֵּ֫כְנָה אַבְנֵי־קֹדֶשׁ (Ges^{§ 54 k}) Eicha 4:1 fig. of slaughter; Inf. cstr. בְּהִשְׁתַּפֵּךְ נַפְשָׁם אֶל־חֵיק אִמֹּתָם Eicha 2:12, i.e. they expire.

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שֶׁ֫פֶךְ

n.[m.] place of pouring;—cstr. שׁ׳ הַדֶּשֶׁן Vayikra 4:12^(×2) (P).

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שָׁפְכָה

n.f. male organ (as fluid-duct);—abs. כְּרוּת שׁ׳ Devarim 23:2 (‖ פְּצוּעַ־דַּכָּה).

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שָׁפֵל

vb. be or become low, be abased (NH, der. spec.; Assyrian šapâlu, der. spec. and deriv.; Sab. ספל n. humility or lowland DHM^{xxix (1875), 604}; Arabic سَفِلَ, سَفُلَ, سَفَلَ be low (Lag^{BN 48}); Aramaic שְׁפַל, ܫܦܰܠ (der. spec.));—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Yeshaya 2:11; 2 fs. וְשָׁפַלְתְּ Yeshaya 29:4, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׁפַּל Yeshaya 2:9; Yeshaya 5:15; 3 fpl. תִּשְׁפַּלְנָה Yeshaya 5:15, etc.; Inf. cstr. שְׁפַל Koheles 12:4; Mishlei 16:19, v. infr.;—

all Is: become (be brought, laid) low, of trees Yeshaya 10:33 (‖ גְּדֻעִים), mts. Yeshaya 40:4 (opp. נִשָּׂא), of כָּל־נִשָּׂא Yeshaya 2:12 (but read, for שׁ׳, נִשְׂגָּב [Kohler], or גָּבֹהַּ [Lag], so Du Che^Hpt. Di-Kit Marti); fig. be humiliated, of man Yeshaya 2:9; Yeshaya 5:15, his loftiness Yeshaya 2:17, haughty eyes v Yeshaya 2:11 (all ‖ שָׁחַח), Yeshaya 5:15; of city Yeshaya 32:19; as helping vb. (= adv.) וְשׁ׳ מֵאֶרֶץ תְּדַבֵּ֑רִי Yeshaya 29:4 thou shalt speak low out of the ground (Ges^{§ 120 g}; ‖ מֵעָפָר תִּשַּׁח אִמְרָתֵךְ).

שְׁפַל־רוּחַ Mishlei 16:19 to be lowly of spirit, so Buhl SS Toy al.; Thes RobGes. al. sub שָׁפָל.

of sound Koheles 12:4.

Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׁפִּיל Yeshaya 25:12, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁפִּיל Tehillim 75:8, sf. יַשְׁפִּילֶנָּה יַשְׁפִּילָהּ Yeshaya 26:5 (but 2nd vb. prob. doublet), etc.; Imv. mpl. (sf.) (הַשְׁפִּילֵ הוּ Iyov 40:11 Yirmiya 13:18; Inf. cstr. sf. הַשְׁפִּילְךָ Mishlei 25:7 (Yechezkel 21:31 read abs. הַשְׁפֵּיל, ‖ הַגְבֵּהַּ, so Co Krae Ges^{§ 113 bb R. 3}); Pt. מַשְׁפִּיל Shmuel Alef 2:7 Tehillim 147:6; מַשְׁפִּילִי (Ges^{§ 90 l}) Tehillim 113:6;—

usually fig., י׳ subj., lay low, tree Yechezkel 17:24 (opp. הִגְבַּהְתִּי); city Yeshaya 26:5 (‖ הֵשַׁח); fortress Yeshaya 25:12 (+ הֵשַׁח; Du thinks doublet of Yeshaya 26:5); humiliate pride v Yeshaya 26:11; Yeshaya 13:11, cf. Iyov 40:11; obj. עֵינַיִם רָמוֹת Tehillim 18:28, so read also ‖ Shmuel Beis 22:28, י׳מַשׁ׳אַף־מְרוֹמֵם Shmuel Alef 2:7, רְשָׁעִים Tehillim 147:6; זֶה יַשׁ׳ וְזֶה יָרִים Tehillim 75:8, cf. Yechezkel 21:31.

hum. subj. set one in a lower place Mishlei 25:7; subj. hum. pride Mishlei 29:23; declar. Yeshaya 57:9 thou didst shew abasement עַד־שְׁאוֹל.

as helping vb.: + vb. coörd., הַשׁ׳ שֵׁ֑בוּ Yirmiya 13:18 make low, sit down = take a low seat (Ges^{§ 120 g}); + inf. מַשׁ׳ לִרְאוֹת Tehillim 113:6 he who maketh low to look upon heaven and earth (i.e. י׳; ‖ הַמַּגְבִּיהִי לָשָׁ֑בֶת v Tehillim 113:5; Ges^{§ 114n}).—הִשְׁפִּילוּ וַתֹּאמֶר גֵּוָ֑ה Iyov 22:29 is dub.; ‖ יוֹשִׁעַ favours אֱלוֹהַּ as subj., which Bu conj. for וַתֹּא׳, read then הִשְׁפִּיל, א׳ hath abased pride, so (in part) Du; > they cast (thee) down (RV); men are cast down (הִשׁ׳ intrans.; AV, cf. Lag^{BN 121}); (thy ways) are brought low (Ew De Di).

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שָׁפָל

adj. low;—abs. שׁ׳ Shmuel Beis 6:22 +, cstr. שְׁפַל Mishlei 29:23 +; fs. שְׁפָלָה Yechezkel 17:14 +, cstr. שִׁפְלַת v Yechezkel 17:6; pl. שְׁפָלִים Iyov 5:11;—

low, in height, of vine Yechezkel 17:6, tree v Yechezkel 17:24 (opp. גָּבֹהַּ); שׁ׳ מִן־הָעוֹר Vayikra 13:20 lower (deeper) than the skin (around it), so v Vayikra 13:21, Vayikra 13:26, cf. Vayikra 14:37.

of a modest, unambitious kingdom Yechezkel 17:14; Yechezkel 29:14, Yechezkel 29:15; low in station Iyov 5:11 (opp. שָֽׂגְבוּ), Yechezkel 21:31 (Ges^{§ 90 f}; read הַשְּׁפָלָה֣).

humiliated, שׁ׳ בְּעֵינָ֑י Shmuel Beis 6:22; pl. Malachi 2:9 (‖ נִבְזִים).

lowly, as subst. Tehillim 138:6 (opp. גָּבֹהַּ), רוּחַ שְׁפָלִים Yeshaya 57:15 (‖ נִדְכָּאִים); שְׁפַל רוּחַ v Yeshaya 57:15, Mishlei 29:23 (opp. גַּאֲוַת אָדָם), + Mishlei 16:19 Thes al. (but v. √ Qal 2).

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שָׁפָן

n.m. ^{Vayikra 11:5} rock-badger, hyrax syriacus, AV RV coney;—abs. שׁ׳ Devarim 14:7 = Vayikra 11:5 (P; unclean animal); living in rocks, pl. שְׁפַנִּים Tehillim 104:18 Mishlei 30:26.—Vid. Rob^{BR iii. 66, 387} Tr^{NHB 75; FFP 1, and Pl. 1} Dr Dt Post^{Hast. DB coney} McLean-Shipley^{Ency. Bib. id.}.

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שָׁפָן²

n.pr.m. Σαφ(φ)αν:

secretary (הַסֹּפֵר) under Josiah Melachim Beis 22:3, Melachim Beis 22:8^(×2), Melachim Beis 22:9, Melachim Beis 22:10^(×2), Melachim Beis 22:12, Melachim Beis 22:14; Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:8, Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:15^(×2), Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:16, Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:18^(×2), Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:20.

father of אֲחִיקָם, contemp. of 1 (improb. = 1): Melachim Beis 22:12; Melachim Beis 25:22; Yirmiya 26:24; Yirmiya 39:14; Yirmiya 40:5, Yirmiya 40:9, Yirmiya 40:11; Yirmiya 41:2; Yirmiya 43:6; Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:20.

father of אֶלְעָשָׂה Yirmiya 29:3, perhaps = 2.

father of גְּמַרְיָ֫הוּ Yirmiya 36:10 (called הַסֹּפֵר), v Yirmiya 29:11, Yirmiya 29:12, perhaps = 1.

father of יַאֲזַנְיָ֫הוּ Yechezkel 8:11, possibly = 1.

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שֶׁ֫פַע

n.[m.] abundance;—cstr. שׁ׳ Devarim 33:19.

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שִׁפְעָה

n.f. abundance, quantity;—appar. abs. שִׁפְעַת Melachim Beis 9:17, a multitude (of men), (Bur שִׁפְעָה, or שִׁפְעַת אֲנָשִׁים as Klo Benz al.; > 𝔊^B Kit עָפָר); cstr. שִׁפְעַת יֵהוּא v Melachim Beis 9:17 Jehu’s multitude; cstr., of horses Yechezkel 26:10, camels Yeshaya 60:6; of waters Iyov 22:11; Iyov 38:34.

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שִׁפְעִי

n.pr.m. in Simeon Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:37; Σεφει, 𝔊L Σωφει.

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שְׁפִיפֹן

n.[m.] horned snake, 𝔊 κεράστης (Arabic سِفٌّ, سُفٌ Frey);—abs. שׁ׳ Breishis 49:17 (‖ נָחָשׁ); = cerastes cornutus or Hasselquistii, cf. Tr^{NHB 273} Post^{Hast. DB iv. 457 f.} McLean-Shipley^{Ency. Bib. iv. 4393} Dr^{ad loc.}—שְׁפוּפָם, שְׁפוּפָן vid. s.v.

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שָׁפַר

vb. be beautiful, fair, comely (Arabic سَفَرَ remove veil (of women), shine; Aramaic שְׁפַר be pleasing (v. Daniel 6:2), ܫܦܰܪ be beautiful, bright, pleasing, ܫܰܦܺܝܪ beautiful);—

Pf. 3 fs. שָֽׁפְרָה עָלָ֑י (Aramaic) Tehillim 16:6 (the) heritage is beautiful for (pleasing to) me (v. עַל II. 8).

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שֶׁ֫פֶר

n. m. beauty, goodliness;—abs. אִמְרֵי־שָׁ֑פֶר Breishis 49:21 (v. אֹמֶר, אָמִיר).

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שֶׁ֫פֶר²

n.pr.mont. as a station in wilderness;—הַר־שָׁ֑פֶר Bamidbar 33:23, Bamidbar 33:24 (P); Σαφαρ.

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שִׁפְרָה

n.f. fairness, clearness, of sky;—abs. שׁ׳ Iyov 26:13 by his breath the sky becomes fair(ness), v. especially De Di Bu Du; > Che^{JQ 1897, 578} (after 𝔊) בְּרִיחֵי שָׁמַיִם סֹגֵר הוּא.

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שִׁפְרָה²

n.pr.f. Hebrew midwife, Shemos 1:15 (E); Σεπφωρα (cf. Lag^{BN 90}).

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שָׁפִיר

n.pr.loc. in Philist. plain, Micha 1:11 (= שָׁמִיר Yehoshua 15:48?); 𝔊 καλῶς (!).

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שָׁפַת²

v. II. שׁפה.

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שְׁפַתַּ֫יִם²

n.[m.]du. doubtful word: usually hook-shaped pegs, hooks, so 𝔗 Thes AV RV; abs. וְהַשּׁ׳ Yechezkel 40:43; < 𝔖 𝔙 Co וּשְׂפָתָם and their edge, so Aq Theod Symm and prob. 𝔊, cf. Hi-Sm, and Krae (וּשְׂפַת).—i. שׁ׳ v. √ שׁפה.

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שָׁקַד

vb. watch, wake (Ph. שקד be circumspect; NH שָׁקַד be insistent; 𝔗 שְׁקֵד = BH);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Tehillim 127:1, שָׁקַ֫דְתִּי Yirmiya 31:28 Tehillim 102:8; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁק֑וֹד Iyov 21:32 (Me Bu יִשְׁקֹ֑דוּ), וַיִּשְׁקֹד Daniel 9:14, 1 s. אֶשְׁקֹד Yirmiya 31:28; Imv. mpl. שִׁקְדוּ Ezra 8:29; Inf. cstr. לִשְׁקֹד Mishlei 8:34; Pt. act. שֹׁקֵד Yirmiya 1:12 +; pl. cstr. שֹׁקְדֵי Yeshaya 29:20;—

keep watch of, be wakeful over, י׳ subj., עַל pers., to benefit or injure Yirmiya 31:28^(×2); Yirmiya 44:27; עַל rei, to perform it Yirmiya 1:12; Daniel 9:14; so (men subj.) שֹׁקְדֵי אָוֶן Yeshaya 29:20; of leopard watching עַל־עָרֵיהֶם Yirmiya 5:6 (to seize prey, fig.); of man watching (for admission) at (עַל) wisdom’s doors Mishlei 8:34 (‖ שָׁמַר); = keep guard over (עַל) Iyov 21:32, cf. (abs.) שׁ׳ וְשִׁמְרוּ Ezra 8:29, and (of watchman, שֹׁמֵר) Tehillim 127:1.

be wakeful, wake, as mourner, sufferer Tehillim 102:8.—Eicha 1:14 read perhaps

Pf. נִשְׁקַד עַל־פְּשָׁעַי (𝔊 Bu) watch has been kept over my transgressions (cf. 1 supra), for MT נִשְׂקַד עֹל פ׳.—

denom. v. infra.

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שָׁקֵד

n.[m.] almond(-tree) (NH id.; so called from its early waking out of winter’s sleep, according to Ki Thes Lag^{BN 45} al.; Aramaic שִׁיגְדָּא, ܫܶܓܕܳܐ, ܫܶܓܕܬܳܐ, whence Ethiopic ሰግድ: cf. Nö^{M 39}; cf. Löw^{No. 319});—

almond, i.e. the nut, pl. שְׁקֵדִים Breishis 43:11 (J; + בָּטְנִים, etc.), Bamidbar 17:23 (P).

almond-tree Yirmiya 1:11 and (prob.) Koheles 12:5.

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שָׁקַד²

vb.

denom.—only Pt. pl. in גְּבִעִים מְשֻׁקָּדִים cups shaped like almond (blossoms) Shemos 25:33^(×2), Shemos 25:34; Shemos 37:19^(×2), Shemos 37:20 (all P).

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שָׁקָה

vb.

cause to drink water, give to drink (NH Hiph. id.; Arabic سَقَى i. give to drink; Sab. סקי be irrigated Fell ^{ZMG liv (1900), 246}, מסקי drinks Hom ^{Chr 124}, מסתקין id. DHM ^{Hofmus., No. 1, 1.7}; Ethiopic ሰቀየ: water, irrigate; Assyrian šaḳû i. = Heb. Hiph., Aramaic שְׁקָא, ܫܩܳܐ Aph.);—for

v. I. שָׁתָה;—Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְהִשְׁקָה Breishis 2:6 +, sf. וְהִשְׁקָהּ Bamidbar 5:27; 2 ms. consec. וְהִשְׁקִיתָ Bamidbar 20:8 +; 1 s. consec. וְהִשְׁקֵיתִי Yechezkel 32:6, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁקֶה Bamidbar 5:26, וַיַּשְׁקְ Breishis 29:10 +, etc.; Imv. ms. sf. הַשְׁקֵ֫הוּ Mishlei 25:21; fs. sf. הַשְׁקִ֫ינִי Breishis 24:43 +; Inf. cstr. הַשְׁקוֹת Breishis 2:10 +, sf. הַשְׁקֹתוֹ Breishis 24:19; Pt. מַשְׁקֶה Tehillim 104:13, cstr. Chavakuk 2:15 (v. also i., ii. מַשְׁקֶה);—

irrigate, ground: subj. man Devarim 11:10, mist Breishis 2:6, river v Breishis 2:10 (both J), spring Yoel 4:18; subj. י׳ Yeshaya 27:3 (כֶּרֶם), Yechezkel 17:7 (גֶּפֶן), both in fig., fig. also Yechezkel 32:6 water land מִדָּם; lit. c. מִן of source Tehillim 104:13 (הָרִים) and (subj. man) Koheles 2:6 (יַעַר).

water, give drink to, usually human subj., acc. of beast, Breishis 24:14, Breishis 24:46^(×2); Breishis 29:2 (מִן of source), v Breishis 29:3, Breishis 29:7, Breishis 29:8, Breishis 29:10 Shemos 2:16, Shemos 2:17, Shemos 2:19 (all J), Tehillim 104:11 (subj. springs); acc. pers. Breishis 21:19 (E), Breishis 24:18, Breishis 24:19, Breishis 24:45 (J), Chavakuk 2:15 (fig.), Yeshaya 43:20 (י׳ subj.), Tehillim 78:15 (id.), Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:15, c. ב of vessel Esther 1:7; c. acc. pers. et animal. Bamidbar 20:8 (P); give one something to drink, acc. pers. + rei (water, wine, etc.), Amos 2:12; Breishis 19:32, Breishis 19:33, Breishis 19:34, Breishis 19:35; Breishis 24:43; Bamidbar 5:24, Bamidbar 5:26; Shoftim 4:19 Shmuel Alef 30:11; Shmuel Beis 23:15 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:15; Iyov 22:7, cf. Shir HaShirim 8:2 (מִיַּיִן); fig. Yirmiya 8:14; Yirmiya 9:14; Yirmiya 16:7; Yirmiya 23:15; Yirmiya 25:15 Tehillim 69:22, cf. וְנַחַל עֲדָנֶיךָ תַשְׁקֵם Tehillim 36:9, and וַתַּשְׁקֵ֫מוֹ בִּדְמָעוֹת Tehillim 80:6; acc. rei om., lit. Shoftim 4:19; Shemos 32:20 (E), fig. Yirmiya 25:17.—Vid. also i. מַשְׁקֶה infra.

Impf. 3 ms. וּמֹחַ עַצְמוֹתָיו יְשֻׁקֶּה Iyov 21:24 the marrow of his bones is watered, (refreshed, invigorated).—נשׁקה Amos 8:8 v. שׁקע.

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שָׁקַט

vb. be quiet, undisturbed (𝔗 שְׁקַט (rare); NH שׁקט is sink down; Arabic سَقَطَ is drop down);—

Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְשׁ׳ Yirmiya 30:10; Yirmiya 46:27, 3 fs. שָֽׁקְטָה Yehoshua 11:23 +, שָׁקָ֑טָה Melachim Beis 11:20 +; 1 s. שָׁקַ֫טְתִּי Iyov 3:26, וְשָׁקַטְתִּ֫י Yechezkel 16:42; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁקֹט Rus 3:18; 2 fs. תְּשְׁקֹ֑טִי Yirmiya 47:6, Yirmiya 47:7; 1 s. אֶשְׁקוֹט Yeshaya 62:1; Iyov 3:13, אשׁקוטה Yeshaya 18:4 Kt, Qr אֶשָׁקֳטָה (Ges^{§§ 10h, 48c}); Pt. שֹׁקֵט Shoftim 18:7 +, fs. שֹׁקֶ֫טֶת Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:40, שֹׁקָ֑טֶת Zecharia 1:11; pl. הַשֹּׁקְטִים Yechezkel 38:11;—be quiet, undisturbed:

of land, at peace, abs. Shoftim 3:11, Shoftim 3:30; Shoftim 5:31; Shoftim 8:28; Yeshaya 14:7 (+ נָ֫חָה), Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:23; Divrei HaYamim Beis 14:5; + מִמִּלְחָמָה Yehoshua 11:23; Yehoshua 14:15 (D?), cf. v Yehoshua 14:5 (P); וּשְׁלֵוָה וְשׁ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:40; of earth Tehillim 76:9 Zecharia 1:11 (ישֶׁבֶת ושׁ׳); abs. of city Melachim Beis 11:20 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:21, kingdom Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:30, + לִפְנֵי pers. Divrei HaYamim Beis 14:4; of people, שׁ׳ וּבֹטֵחַ in peace and security Shoftim 18:7, Shoftim 18:27, הַשֹּׁקְטִים ישְׁבֵי לָבֶ֑טַח Yechezkel 38:11; + שַׁאֲנַן Yirmiya 30:10 = Yirmiya 46:27; of Moab, שַׁאֲנַן … וְשֹׁקִט אֶל־שְׁמָרָיו Yirmiya 48:11 undisturbed upon its less (fig. of wine); of Job, quiet in death Iyov 3:13, be at rest (from apprehensions of evil) v Iyov 3:26 (+ שָׁלַוְתִּי, נָחְ֑תִּי).

be quiet, inactive: of י׳ + וְאַבִּיטָה Yeshaya 18:4 I will be quiet and gaze, i.e. gaze as an inactive spectator, Tehillim 83:2 (‖ דמה, חרשׁ be silent); = be pacified Yechezkel 16:42; of sword of י׳ Yirmiya 47:6, Yirmiya 47:7; of Boaz Rus 3:18 he will not be quiet until he has finished the matter; of prophet Yeshaya 62:1 (‖ חָשָׁה be silent).

Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁקִיט Mishlei 15:18, יַשְׁקִט Iyov 34:29; Imv. ms. הַשְׁקֵט Yeshaya 7:4; Inf. abs. חַשְׁקֵט Yeshaya 32:17 +; cstr. הַשְׁקִיט Tehillim 94:13, -קִט Iyov 37:17, -קֵט Yeshaya 57:20; Yirmiya 49:23;—

shew quietness (inner causat.), of men Yeshaya 7:4 (+ אַל־תִּירָא), of sea Yeshaya 57:20 = Yirmiya 49:23, earth Iyov 37:17 (+ מִדָּרוֹם); hence Inf. abs. = subst., quietness, display of quietness Yeshaya 30:15, עֲבֹדַת הַצְּדָקָה הַשְׁקֵט וָבֶ֫טַח Yeshaya 32:17 the product of righteousness is quietness and security (Du Che^Hpt Marti del. הַצּ׳ as dittogr. from v a, read הַמִּשְׁפָּט for הַשְׁקֵט, and del. וָ: the product of justice is security); (presumptuous) security, שַׁלְוַת הַשְׁקֵט Yechezkel 16:49 (of Sodom).

cause quietness: subj. י׳ Iyov 34:29, לְהַשְׁקִיט לוֹ מִימֵי רָ֑ע Tehillim 94:13; pacify, allay, obj. רִיב Mishlei 15:18.

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שָׁקַל

vb. weigh (NH id.; Arabic ثَقُلَ be heavy, ثِقَلٌ heaviness, weight, ثَقَلٌ load, Old Aramaic תקל weigh, Aramaic תְּקַל, ܬܩܰܠ (weigh), pay, תִּקְלָא shekel, but also (Old Aramaic Zinj.) שקל, שקלן Lzb³⁸²; ܫܩܰܠ lift up; Assyrian šaḳâlu, weigh, šiḳlu (appar.) = שֶׁקֶל; Ethiopic ሰቀለ: hang up, weigh; Ph. משקל weight; cf. Frä²⁰², also Gk. σίγλος (𝔊 σίκλος), Lag^{M ii.357} Lewy^Fremdw.118f.;—on connex. of meanings cf. weigh trans. and intrans. = Germ. wägen, wiegen, also heave, heavy, heft (= weight, obs. or colloq.));—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Shmuel Beis 14:26; Yeshaya 40:12; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁקֹל Shemos 22:16, sf. יִשְׁקְלֵ֫נִי Iyov 31:6, etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁקוֹל Iyov 6:2; cstr. לִשְׁקוֹל Esther 4:7; Pt. act. שֹׁקֵל Yeshaya 33:18; Shmuel Beis 18:12 read perhaps שָׁקֻל, v. infr.;

weigh, human subj. Yeshaya 33:18, acc. rei Shmuel Beis 14:26; Yeshaya 46:6 (ב of scale); fig., י׳ subj. Yeshaya 40:12, also (acc. pers.) Iyov 31:6 (both c. ב of scale); cf. Inf. abs. sub Niph.; weigh precious metals intrusted to one, ל pers. Ezra 8:25, עַל־יָדָם v Ezra 8:26, acc. rei om. v Ezra 8:29 (לִפְנֵי of superior).

weigh out a price (i.e. pay): acc. of silver Shemos 22:16 (E), Melachim Alef 20:39 Zecharia 11:12 Yirmiya 32:10 (ב of scale), Yeshaya 55:2 (c. ב, in exchange for); + ל pers. Yirmiya 32:9; Breishis 23:16 (P); + עַל־כַּפַּי Shmuel Beis 18:12 (read perhaps שָׁקֻל, so We Kit^Kau Bu Buhl), עַל־יְדֵי פ׳ Esther 3:9, עַל־גִּנְזֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ Esther 4:7.

be weighed:

Pf. 3 ms. נִשְׁקַל, subj. rei Ezra 8:33 (pass. of Qal v Ezra 8:25); Impf. 3 ms. fig. (+ Qal Inf. abs.), לוּ שָׁקוֹל יִשָּׁקֵל כַּעְשִׂי Iyov 6:2.

be weighed out, as price, Iyov 28:15.

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שֶׁ֫קֶל

n.m. Vayikra 27:6 a weight, shekel (orig. = weight; late Heb. = coin GACooke ^Inscr.356);—abs. שׁ׳ Amos 8:5 +, שָׁ֑קֶל Shemos 38:29 +; pl. שְׁקָלִים Yehoshua 7:21 +; cstr. שִׁקְלֵי Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:25;—shekel, as standard weight Amos 8:5; of weight of bronze armour Shmuel Alef 17:5, iron spear-head v Shmuel Alef 17:7, + Shmuel Beis 21:16 (v. מִשְׁקָל), hair Shmuel Beis 14:26, food Yechezkel 4:10; implying value, of wedge of gold Yehoshua 7:21 (JE); of nails in temple (gold) Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:9; usually a definite weight of silver (used in payment or valuation) Shemos 21:32 (E), Yehoshua 7:21 (JE), Shmuel Alef 9:8; Shmuel Beis 24:24; Melachim Beis 7:1^(×2), Melachim Beis 7:16^(×2), Melachim Beis 7:18^(×2); Melachim Beis 15:20; Yirmiya 32:9; Yechezkel 45:12^(×2) (v. infra), and (= coin, from time of Darius I) Nechemia 5:15; Nechemia 10:33; Vayikra 5:15; Vayikra 27:3, Vayikra 27:4, Vayikra 27:5^(×2) (all P), + 53 times P; also מַחֲצִית הַשּׁ׳ Shemos 30:13^(×2), Shemos 30:15; Shemos 38:26 (= בֶּקַע), all half-shekel, atonement-money; cf. שְׁלִישִׁית הַשּׁ׳ Nechemia 10:33 one-third; also רֶבַע שׁ׳ Shmuel Alef 9:8 one-fourth of shekel; שׁ׳ = Shmuel Alef 9:20 גֵּרָה (ג׳ otherwise unknown) Yechezkel 45:12; Shemos 30:13; Vayikra 27:25; Bamidbar 3:47; Bamidbar 3:50 שׁ׳ = one maneh Yechezkel 45:12 (read וַחֲמִשִּׁים for וחמשׁה [and עֶשְׂרֵה for עֲשָׂרָה preceding], 𝔊^A Boeckh Hi-Sm Co Toy Da Krae Berthol); שׁ׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Shemos 30:13, Shemos 30:24; Vayikra 5:15; Bamidbar 3:47, Bamidbar 3:50; Bamidbar 7:13 + 21 times P; land estimated in שׁ׳ of gold Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:25; שׂ׳ also often om. after num.—שׁ׳ was of two standards, one one-half the other; actual weights (and values) varied, but most persistent were: (1) gold, 252 2/3 gr. Troy (or 126 1/3), mod. equiv. c. £2 1 s., or $10; (2) silver, 224 1/2 gr. (nearly 1/2 oz.) = שׁ׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ (v. supra), or 112 1/4, mod. equiv. c. 2 s. 9d., or 67 c.; שׁ׳ בְּאֶבֶן הַמֶּלֶךְ Shmuel Beis 14:26 is dub.; if late (Bu HPS Löhr Now) it prob. ref. to a Bab. or Pers. scale (cf. S-C^Pap באבני מלבא often); 60 (or 50) שׁ׳ = 1 mina, 60 minas = 1 talent (v. מָנֶה, כִּכָּר). Vid. especially ARSKennedy^Hast. ^{DB weights and measures, and money}.

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שֶׁ֫קֶף

n. [m.] frame-work, casing of doors (cf. NH שְׁקוּף lintel, Aramaic שְׁקוֹף, שַׁקְפָא threshold);—שָׁ֑קֶף Melachim Alef 7:5.

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שֶׁ֫קֶץ

n.m. ^{Vayikra 7:21} detestation, detestable thing;—שׁ׳ of the ceremonially unclean Vayikra 7:21; creatures forbidden as food: water animals without fins or scales Vayikra 11:10, Vayikra 11:11, Vayikra 11:12, birds of prey, etc., v Vayikra 11:13, winged creeping things v Vayikra 11:20, Vayikra 11:23, creeping vermin v Vayikra 11:41, Vayikra 11:42 (all P), cf. Yeshaya 66:17 (+ בְּשַׂר הַחֲזִיר, הָעַכְבָּר); v. RS^{Sem. i. 275, 2nd ed. 293; K 309 f., 2nd ed. 311 f.}—Yechezkel 8:10 read prob. שִׁקּוּצִים, v. שִׁקּוּץ.

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שִׁקֵּץ

vb.

denom. detest, make detestable;—Pf. 3 ms. שִׁקַּץ Tehillim 22:25; Impf. 2 mpl. תְּשַׁקְּצוּ Vayikra 11:13 +, etc.; Inf. abs. שַׁקֵּץ Devarim 7:26;—

detest, c. acc. rei Devarim 7:26 (Impf. + Inf. abs.; ‖ תַּעֵב תְּתַעֲבֶנּוּ), Vayikra 11:11, Vayikra 11:13 (P); ‖ בָּזָה Tehillim 22:25.

make detestable, obj. נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם (= reflex.) Vayikra 11:43 (P), Vayikra 20:25 (H).

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שִׁקּוּץ

n.m. ^{Daniel 11:31} detested thing;—abs. שִׁקּוּץ Daniel 11:31; Daniel 12:11, cstr. שִׁקֻּץ Melachim Alef 11:5 +; pl. שִׁקּוּצִים Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:8, שִׁקֻּצִים Melachim Beis 23:24; cstr. שִׁקּוּצֵי Yechezkel 20:7, Yechezkel 20:8; sf. שִׁקּוּצֵיהֶם Yirmiya 16:18 +, etc.—detested thing, epith. of Isr. Hoshea 9:10 (si vera l.; not elsewhere bef. Dt); of filth Nachum 3:6; appar. of unclean food Zecharia 9:7 (as שֶׁקֶץ); of idols (often ‖ תּוֹעֵבָה, גִּלּוּל, etc.), Devarim 29:16; Melachim Beis 23:13, Melachim Beis 23:24; Yeshaya 66:3; Yirmiya 4:1; Yirmiya 7:30 = Yirmiya 32:34; Yirmiya 13:27; Yirmiya 16:18; Yechezkel 5:11; Yechezkel 7:20; Yechezkel 11:18, Yechezkel 11:21; Yechezkel 20:7, Yechezkel 20:8, Yechezkel 20:30; Yechezkel 37:23; of idolatrous practices Daniel 9:27, but read prob. as Daniel 11:31 (so 𝔊 Θ), and כַּנּוֹ for כנף (v. Dr); שׁ׳ (םְ)שֹׁמֵם Daniel 11:31; Daniel 12:11 detested thing causing horror is the heathen altar erected in temple by Ant. Epiph., with (prob.) a statue of Zeus Olympios = (Ph.) בעלשמם lord of heaven; the prophet puts שִׁקּוּץ for בעל, and (םְ)שֹׁמֵם) for שָׁמַיִם; cf. Nes^{ZAW iv (1884), 248} Che^{OP 105} Dr Dn.

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שֶׁ֫קֶר

n.m. deception, disappointment, falsehood;—שׁ׳ Shemos 23:7 + 64 times; שָׁ֑קֶר Shemos 5:9 + 42 times; pl. שְׁקָרִים Tehillim 101:7 + 3 times; sf. שִׁקְרֵיהֶם Yirmiya 23:32;—

deception,what deceives, disappoints, and betrays one: a molten image Yirmiya 10:14 = Yirmiya 51:17; gift Mishlei 25:14; grace of person Mishlei 31:30, etc.; אֹ֫רַח שׁ׳ Tehillim 119:104, Tehillim 119:128; דֶּ֫רֶךְ שׁ׳ v Tehillim 119:29; בטח בשׁ׳ Yirmiya 13:25; נחל שׁ׳ Yirmiya 16:19, cf. also Tehillim 7:15; Tehillim 33:17; Tehillim 119:118; Yeshaya 28:15; לַשֶּׁקֶר for disappointment, in vain Shmuel Alef 25:21; Yirmiya 3:23.

deceit, fraud, wrong: (ל)שׁ׳ עשׂה do or practise fraud, wrong Hoshea 7:1; Yirmiya 6:13; Yirmiya 8:9, Yirmiya 8:10; c. בְ, Shmuel Beis 18:13; פְּעֻלַּת שׁ׳ Mishlei 11:18; לֶ֫חֶם שׁ׳ Mishlei 20:17 food got by fraud; זֶ֫רַע שׁ׳ Yeshaya 57:4; עֵט שׁ׳ Yirmiya 8:8; ילד שׁ׳ Tehillim 7:15 (‖ עמל); דרךְ לשׁון קשׁת שׁ׳ Yirmiya 9:2; בְּשׁ׳ Yirmiya 3:10 (‖ בגד), adv. שׁקר fraudulently, wrongfully Tehillim 35:19; Tehillim 38:20; Tehillim 69:5; Tehillim 119:78, Tehillim 119:86.

injurious falsehood, in testimony, especially in courts: עֵד שֶׁקֶר Shemos 20:13 (E) Devarim 19:18 Tehillim 27:12 Mishlei 6:19; Mishlei 14:5; Mishlei 25:18; עֵד שׁקרים Mishlei 12:17; Mishlei 19:5, Mishlei 19:9; ענה שׁ׳ Devarim 19:18 testify falsehood; שְׁבֻעַת שׁ׳ Zecharia 8:17 false oath; נשׁבע לשׁ׳ swear falsely Yirmiya 5:2 + 5 times; נשׁבע על שׁ׳ Vayikra 5:22; דבּר שׁ׳ Micha 6:12 + (v. [דָּבַר], דָּבָר); אִמְרֵי שׁ׳ Yeshaya 32:7; שׁ׳ שׂפת(י) Tehillim 31:19; Tehillim 120:2; Mishlei 10:18; Mishlei 17:7; טפל שׁ׳ Iyov 13:4 Tehillim 119:69, cf. v Tehillim 119:163; abs. false! Melachim Beis 9:12 Yirmiya 37:14.

falsity, of false or self-deceived prophets: נבּא שׁ׳ prophesy falsely Yirmiya 14:14; Yirmiya 23:25, Yirmiya 23:26; Yirmiya 29:21; + ל pers. Yirmiya 27:10, Yirmiya 27:14, Yirmiya 27:16; נ׳ לַשּׁ׳ v Yirmiya 27:15; נ׳ בשׁ׳ Yirmiya 5:31; Yirmiya 20:6; Yirmiya 29:9; מוֹרֶה שׁ׳ Yeshaya 9:14 Chavakuk 2:18; חזה שׁ׳ Zecharia 10:2; חֲזוֹן שׁ׳ Yirmiya 14:14, etc., (+ 12 times); רוּחַ שׁ׳ v. p. 925 b.

lie, falsehood, in gen.: דבר שּׁ׳ Tehillim 101:7 (‖ רְמִיָּה); דְּבַר שׁ׳ Mishlei 13:5; of מִלִּים Iyov 36:4; לְשׁוֹן שׁ׳ false tongue Mishlei 6:17; Mishlei 12:19; Mishlei 21:6; Mishlei 26:28; Tehillim 109:2; of lips Mishlei 12:22; אִישׁ שׁ׳ Mishlei 17:4 liar.

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שֹׁר

v. שׁרר.

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שָׁרָב

n.m.

burning heat;

parched ground;—only abs.: וְלֹא יַכֵּם שׁ׳ וָשָׁ֑מֶשׁ Yeshaya 49:10; of ground, הַשּׁ׳ Yeshaya 35:7 (‖ צִמָּאוֹן).

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שֵׁרֵֽבְיָה

n.pr.m. a Levite with Ezra (? י׳ hath sent burning heat; or cp. Syriac ܫܪܒ Pa. propagavit);—Σαραβια(ς): Ezra 8:18, Ezra 8:24; Nechemia 8:7; Nechemia 9:4, Nechemia 9:5; Nechemia 10:13; Nechemia 12:8, Nechemia 12:24.

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שַׁרְבִֿיט²

v. שׁבט.

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שָׁרָה

vb. let loose (NH id., dissolve; Assyrian šarû, Pi. open (building, for use), dedicate it; tašr̂tu, dedication; Old Aramaic שרה loose, so Aramaic שְׁרָא, ܫܪܳܐ; Ethiopic ሰረየ; remit, condone);—

Impf. 3 ms. sf. יִשְׁרֵ֫הוּ Iyov 37:3 he (God) lets it loose (i.e. the thunder).

Pf. 1 s. sf. שֵׁרִיתִ֫ךָ Yirmiya 15:11 Qr I will set thee free (cf. Yirmiya 40:4 𝔗 𝔖), but dub.; Kt שרותך (i.e. שָׁרוֹתִךָ, √ שׁרר), Thes Gie I vex thee [שַׁרַר = צָרַר, very dub.]; Ew al. RV strengthen thee; this yields best sense, but as Aramaic שׁרר is intrans., read then שֵׁרַרְתִּךָ or הֲשֵׁרוֹתִךָ, Dr; Jerome Rabb read שֵׁרִיתְךָ = שְׁאֵרִיתְךָ thy remnant (AV).

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שִׁרְיָה

n.f. a weapon, perhaps lance, javelin;—שׁ׳ Iyov 41:18 (+ חֶרֶב, חֲנִית, מַסָּע),—yet 𝔊 θώρακα, 𝔙 thorax, i.e. שִׁרְיוֹן.

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שִׁרְיוֹן

n.[m.] body-armour;—abs. שִׁרְיוֹן Shmuel Alef 17:5, Shmuel Alef 17:38; שִׁרְיָ֑ן (Ges^{§ 29 u}) Melachim Alef 22:34 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:33, שִׁרְיָ֔ן Yeshaya 59:17; pl. שִׁרְיֹנִים Nechemia 4:10, שִׁרְיֹנוֹת Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:14;—body-armour, perhaps more exactly breast-armour, Nechemia 4:10; with appendages (הַדָּבָקִים) Melachim Alef 22:34 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:33; c. vb. לבשׁ Shmuel Alef 17:5, made of scale-like plates (קַשְׂקַשִּׂים) of bronze v Shmuel Alef 17:5, named with helmet here, so v Shmuel Alef 17:38 Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:14 and (fig.) Yeshaya 59:17.—שׁ׳ n.pr. v. שׂריון.

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שָׁרוֹן²

n.pr.loc.

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שִׁרְטַי

Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:29 Qr, v. שִׁטְרַי.

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שִׁרְיָה²

v. III. שׁרה.

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שִׁרְיוֹן²

v. IV. שׁרה.

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שָׁרַץ

vb. swarm, teem (NH id.; Aramaic ܫܪܰܨ crawl, ܫܶܪܨܳܐ = שֶׁרֶץ, so שִׁרְצָא (rare); Ethiopic ሠረጸ: germinate, sprout);—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Tehillim 105:30, שָֽׁרְצוּ Breishis 1:21, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁרֹץ Yechezkel 47:9, etc.; Imv. mpl. שִׁרְצוּ Breishis 9:7; Pt. הַשֹּׁרֵץ Breishis 7:21 +, f. הַשֹּׁרֶ֫צֶת Vayikra 11:46; Hex mostly P:—

swarm, teem with (acc. animal), subj. water Breishis 1:20, Breishis 1:21, cf. Shemos 7:28 (J), land Tehillim 105:30.

swarm, subj. animal Breishis 8:17 (+ פָּרָה, רָבָה), Yechezkel 47:9, הַשֹּׁרֵץ Breishis 7:21; Vayikra 11:29 (P). Vayikra 11:41, Vayikra 11:42, Vayikra 11:46 (J) (all עַל־הָאָרֶץ), v Vayikra 11:43; subj. men Breishis 9:7 (+ פָּרָה, רָבָה), Shemos 1:7 (id., + עָצַם).

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שֶׁ֫רֶץ

n.m. Breishis 7, Breishis 21 coll. swarmers, swarming things;—שׁ׳ abs. Vayikra 11:29 +, שָׁ֑רֶץ v Vayikra 11:31; cstr. v Vayikra 11:20 +;—swarming things (H D and P), aquatic Breishis 1:20 Vayikra 11:10; small reptiles and quadrupeds Breishis 7:21 (+ עוֹף, בְּהֵמָה, חַיָּה), Vayikra 5:2 (+ חַיָּה, בְּהֵמָה), Vayikra 11:29 (weasel, mouse, lizard), v Vayikra 11:31, Vayikra 11:41, Vayikra 11:42, Vayikra 11:43 (c. cogn. שָׁרַץ) v Vayikra 11:44, cf. Vayikra 22:5; insects, שׁ׳ הָעוֹף Devarim 14:19, + הַהֹלֵךְ עַל־אַרְבַּע Vayikra 11:20, Vayikra 11:21, cf. v Vayikra 11:23. cf. Dr^{DB i. 518}.

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שׁרר

(√ of [שָׁרִיר], שְׁרִירוּת, and perhaps of other words following; Old Aramaic שרר be firm, sound, Aramaic שְׁרַר be firm, hard, ܫܰܪ be firm, consistent, substantial, truthful, ܐܰܫܰܪ strengthen, confirm; Aramaic and NH שָׁרִיר firm, hard; ܫܰܪܺܝܪܽܘܬܳܐ firmness, strength, constancy).

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שֹׁר²

n.[m.] navel-string (cf. Aramaic שׁוּרָא Yechezkel 16:4 𝔗, ܫܶܪܳܐ, Arabic سُرٌّ, all id.);—sf. לֹא כָרַּת שָׁרֵּךְ Yechezkel 16:4 (Ges^{§ 22 s} Kö ^{ii. 1. 45}) thy navel-string was not cut; questioned are: שָׁרֶּ֑ךָ Mishlei 3:8 (De al. navel, synechd. for body, ‖ עַצְמוֹתֶיךָ; 𝔊 τῷ σώματί σου, cf. 𝔖, Clericus Bi Frankenberg בְּשָֽׂרְךָ, Ew Hi Kmp al. שְׁאֵרְךָ, Toy either); שָׁרְרֵךְ Shir HaShirim 7:3 (𝔊 ὀμφαλός σου; ‖ בִּטְנֵךְ), = שָׁרֵּךְ Thes al.; now often interpreted as = vulυa, cf. Arabic سِرٌّ secret part, Hi Stickel Buhl Öttli, noticed also by Thes, but Arabism dub., v. Bu.

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שָׁרָר

n.pr.m. Shmuel Beis 23:33 = ii. שָׂכָר, q.v.

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שֹׁ֫רֶשׁ

n.m. Devarim 29:17 root;—שׁ׳ abs. Devarim 29:17 +, cstr. Yeshaya 11:10 +; sf. שָׁרְשִׁי Iyov 29:19, etc.; pl. cstr. שָׁרְשֵׁי Iyov 13:27 (v. infr.) Iyov 36:30, sf. שָֽׁרָשָׁיו Amos 2:9 +, שָֽׁרָשֶׁיהָ Yechezkel 17:7 +;—

root of people under fig. of tree, involving firmness, permanence, Amos 2:9; Hoshea 9:16; Hoshea 14:6; Yeshaya 14:30; Melachim Beis 19:30 = Yeshaya 37:31;—שָׁרְשָׁם Shoftim 5:14 is prob. corrupt, v. GFM;—so of pers. (cf. Ph., Eshmunazar ¹¹ GACooke ^{pp. 30, 36}) Yeshaya 5:24; Malachi 3:19; Iyov 8:17; Iyov 18:16; Iyov 29:19; Mishlei 12:3, Mishlei 12:12; = stock, family Yeshaya 11:1, Yeshaya 11:10; Daniel 11:7, cf. (of serpent) Yeshaya 14:29; = source or cause Devarim 29:17, שׁ׳ דָּבָר Iyov 19:28.

lit root of tree or shrub Yirmiya 17:8 (sim.), Yechezkel 31:7 (metaph. of people), Yeshaya 53:2 (sim.), Iyov 14:8; Iyov 30:4; of vine (metaph. of people) Yechezkel 17:6, Yechezkel 17:7, Yechezkel 17:9^(×2) Tehillim 80:10 (acc. cogn. c. שׁרשׁ Hiph.).

root, fig. = lowest stratum, of mt. Iyov 28:9, of sea Iyov 36:30 = bottom (text strange and dub.: Du רָאשֵׁי הָרִים, with אֵדוֹ in v a); of feet, שָׁרְשֵׁי רַגְלַי Iyov 13:27, i.e. soles Ew Di De Da al. (elsewhere כַּף), Bu place of treading, footholds; Du (arbitrarily) שָׁרְשִׁי, del. רגלי.

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שָׁרַשׁ

vb. denom.

= deal with the roots;—

root up, out: Pf. 3 ms. sf. consec. וְשֵׁרֶשְׁךָ Tehillim 52:7 he shall root thee up from (מִן) the land of the living; of fire (burn) roots, root: Impf. 3 fs. תְּשָׁרֵשׁ בְּ Iyov 31:12 fire (fig.) roots at all my increase. Pu. Impf. 3 mpl. יְשֹׁרָשׁוּ Iyov 31:8 be rooted up (of produce).

Poʿēl take root, establish oneself firmly: Pf. 3 ms. שֹׁרֵשׁ בָּאָרֶץ גִּזְעָם Yeshaya 40:24 (fig. of princes, etc.). Poʿal id.: Pf. 3 mpl. שֹׁרָ֔שׁוּ Yirmiya 12:2 (fig. of wicked).

id.: Impf. 3 ms. יַשְׁרֵשׁ Yeshaya 27:6 (fig. of Isr.); 3 fs. וַתַּשְׁרֵשׁ Tehillim 80:10 (id.; c. acc. cogn.); Pt. מַשְׁרִישׁ Iyov 5:3 (fig. of pers.).

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שָׁרַת

vb. Pi. minister, serve (cf. NH שֵׁרוּת (temple-) ministry, Ph. משרת ministry, and perhaps vb. שרת minister);—

Pf. 3 ms. שֵׁרֵת Bamidbar 8:26; Devarim 18:7; 3 mpl. שֵׁרְתוּ Bamidbar 3:6; Impf. 3 ms. וַיְשָׁ֫רֶת Breishis 39:4, 3 mpl. יְשָֽׁרְתוּ Bamidbar 3:31 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. לְשָׁרֵת Shemos 28:35 +, לְשָׁ֫רֶת שָׁם Devarim 17:12, etc.; Pt. מְשָׁרֵת Bamidbar 11:28 + (Shmuel Beis 13:9 v. מַשְׂרֵת, p. 602a), f. מְשָׁרַת Melachim Alef 1:15; etc.;—serve:

of ministerial service (opp. menial, עבד):

higher domestic service: Joseph Breishis 39:4; Breishis 40:4 (JE), Elisha’s chief servant Melachim Beis 4:43; Melachim Beis 6:15, royal domestics Shmuel Beis 13:17, Shmuel Beis 13:18 Melachim Alef 10:5; Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:4; Esther 2:2; Esther 6:3, Abishag Melachim Alef 1:4, Melachim Alef 1:15.

of royal officers (late) Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:1; Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:1; Divrei HaYamim Beis 17:19; Divrei HaYamim Beis 22:8; Esther 1:10; Mishlei 29:12.

Joshua as chief assistant to Moses Shemos 24:13; Shemos 13:11 (E), Bamidbar 11:28 (J), Yehoshua 1:1 (D), Elisha to Elijah Melachim Alef 19:21,

of angels to י׳ Tehillim 103:21, cf. Tehillim 104:4.

of kings of nations in proph. Yeshaya 60:10.

usually of special service in worship:

of Levit. priests, abs. Melachim Alef 8:11 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 5:14; c. acc. י׳ Devarim 10:8; Devarim 17:12; Devarim 21:5; Yirmiya 33:21 + (strangely) מְשָֽׁרְתֵי אֹתִי v Yirmiya 33:22; also Yeshaya 60:7 of animals put fig. for those sacrificing them; of foreigners admitted to priesthood Yeshaya 61:6, cf. Yeshaya 56:6; so prob. Samuel conceived as priest Shmuel Alef 2:11; Shmuel Alef 3:1, את פני י׳ Shmuel Alef 2:18 (פני prob. acc., cf. 𝔊 τῷ προσώπῳ v Shmuel Alef 3:11), שׁ׳ בְּשֵׁם י׳ Devarim 18:5, Devarim 18:7.

Levites (P, and late); c. acc. of Aaronic priests Bamidbar 3:6; Bamidbar 8:26; Bamidbar 18:2, c. acc. of י׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:2; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:11; prob. also in ref. to Lev. singer Tehillim 101:6; c. acc. tabern. Bamidbar 1:50 (P), congregation Bamidbar 16:9 (P), people Yechezkel 44:11 + v Yechezkel 44:12 (of idolatry); abs. Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:4; Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:6; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:11; Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:2 Ezra 8:17 (pt. as subst., ministers); שׁ׳ לִפְנֵי אֲרוֹן בְּרִית י׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:37, שׁ׳ נֶגֶד הַכֹּהֲנִים Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:14; שׁ׳ c. ב loc. Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:12; especially c. בְּ, of sacred vessels Bamidbar 3:31; Bamidbar 4:9, Bamidbar 4:12, Bamidbar 4:14; Melachim Beis 25:14 = Yirmiya 52:18; בַּשִּׁיר Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:17.

Zadokite priests (Ez), abs. Yechezkel 42:14; Yechezkel 44:17, Yechezkel 44:19, Yechezkel 44:27, c. acc. י׳ Yechezkel 40:46; Yechezkel 43:19; Yechezkel 44:15, Yechezkel 44:16; Yechezkel 45:4, cstr. מְשָׁרֲתֵי before place Yechezkel 45:4, Yechezkel 45:5; Yechezkel 46:24.

Aaronic priests, abs. Shemos 28:35 + 4 times P; c. acc. י׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:13; לי׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:10; מְשָֽׁרְתֵי י׳ Yoel 1:9, Yoel 1:13; Yoel 2:17, מְשָֽׁרְתֵי מזבח Yoel 1:13, c. בַּקֹּדֶשׁ Shemos 28:43 + 4 times P.

of idolatry, c. acc. עץ ואבן Yechezkel 20:32.

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שָׁרֵת

n.m. religious ministry;—כְּלֵי הַשּׁ׳ vessels of m. in tabern. Bamidbar 4:12, temple Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:14.

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שֵׁשׁ³

six, v. שׁדשׁ.

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שֵׁשׁ⁴

v. שַׁיִשׁ.

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שֵׁשׁ⁵

n.m. Shemos 26:1 byssus (loan-wd. prob. from Egyptian šen-suten Reinischap. DHM^{VOJ viii (1894), 7} Copt. šens, cf. Copt. šent, weave; v. MʿLean^{Ency. Bib. linen}; on spinning, weaving, and wearing of linen in Egypt Erman^{Aegypten 594 ff.; Eng. Trans. 448 f.});—always abs. שׁ׳ (שׁשׁי Yechezkel 16:13 is error):—byssus, fine Egyptian linen (בּוּץ, q.v., is later synon.), i.e. the linen thread (spun by women Shemos 35:25), and the material woven from it: used for garments Breishis 41:42 (E), Yechezkel 16:10, Yechezkel 16:13 (שׁשׁי, read שׁשׁ), Mishlei 31:22; for sail (in fig. of Tyre as ship) Yechezkel 27:7 (brought from Egypt); elsewhere P, of priestly vestments Shemos 28:5, Shemos 28:39^(×2); Shemos 39:3, Shemos 39:27, Shemos 39:28^(×2); also שׁ׳ מָשְׁזָר twisted linen Shemos 28:6, Shemos 28:8, Shemos 28:15; Shemos 39:2, Shemos 39:5, Shemos 39:8, Shemos 39:28, Shemos 39:29 + v Shemos 39:24 (read וְשֵׁשׁ מ׳ Sam. 𝔊 Bae); שׁ׳ of hangings, etc., in tabern. Shemos 25:4; Shemos 35:6, Shemos 35:23, Shemos 35:25, Shemos 35:35; Shemos 38:23, and so שׁ׳ מָשְׁזָר Shemos 26:1, Shemos 26:31, Shemos 26:36; Shemos 27:9, Shemos 27:16, Shemos 27:18; Shemos 36:8, Shemos 36:35, Shemos 36:37; Shemos 38:9, Shemos 38:16, Shemos 38:18.

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שָׁשַׁי

n.pr.m. Jew with foreign wife Ezra 10:40; Σεσ(ε)ει.

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שֵׁשַׁי

n.pr.m. a son of Anaḳ (Aramaic form, cf. GFM Ju);—Bamidbar 13;Bamidbar 22; Yehoshua 15:14 (both JE), Shoftim 1:10; Σεσ(σ)ει, Σουσαι, Σουσει.

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שִׁשִּׁי²

v. i. שֵׁשׁ sub שׁדשׁ.

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שֵׁשַׁךְ

n.pr. terr. = בָּבֶל (Jer Rabb. and mod.; by Atbaš (את׳בש׳) v. improb.), late Bab. Šešku, name of Babylon (Delitzsch ^{Paradies 215});—Yirmiya 51:41 and hence (perhaps gloss) Yirmiya 25:26 (v. Gie).

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שֵׁשָׁן

n.pr.m. in Judah Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:31^(×2) (with one son), v Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:34^(×2), Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:35 (no sons, but daughters, cf. Benz Kit); Σωσαν[μ], 𝔊L Σισαν.

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שָׁשָׁק

(Baer Gi; van d. H. שָׁשַׁק, שָׁשָׁ֑ק) n.pr.m. in Benjamin, Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:14, Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:25; Σωκηλ, Σωιηκ, A Σωσηκ, 𝔊L Σισαχ (according to Simon. (Thes) = שַׁקְשַׁק one longed for (√ שׁקק)).

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שָׁת²

i. שֵׁת v. שׁית.

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שֵׁת²

v. שֵׁאת sub I. [שׁאה].

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שֵׁת³

v. II. שׁתה.

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שָׁתָה

vb. drink (NH id.; Assyrian šatû, Ethiopic ሰትየ Old Aramaic שתה, Aramaic שְׁתָא, אִשְׁתִּי, [ܫܬܐ], ܐܶܫܬܻܝ]; Sab. שתי DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 403} Hom^{Chr 124});—

Pf. 3 ms. שׁ׳ Shemos 34:28 +, 1 s. שָׁתִ֫יתִי Shmuel Alef 15 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִשְׁתֶּה Breishis 44:5 +, וַיִּשְׁתֶּה Melachim Alef 19:8, usually וַיֵּשְׁתְּ Breishis 9:21 +; juss. וְיֵשְׁתְּ Melachim Alef 13:18; 3 fs. וַתֵּשְׁתְּ Bamidbar 20:11; 2 ms. apoc. תֵּשְׁתְּ Shoftim 13:14 +, וַתֵּשְׁתְּ Melachim Alef 13:22; 1 s. וָאֵשְׁתְּ Breishis 24:46; 3 mpl. יִשְׁתָּי֑וּן Tehillim 78:44, etc.; Imv. ms. שְׁתֵה Breishis 24:14 +, etc.; Inf. abs. שָׁתֹה Yeshaya 21:5; Yirmiya 49:12 (in Shmuel Alef 1:9 after prep., anom., Ges^{§ 113 e}, om. 𝔊 Th We Dr and mod.), שָׁתוֹ Yirmiya 25:28 +, שָׁתוֹת Yeshaya 22:13 (Ges^{§ 75 n}); cstr. שְׁתוֹ †Mishlei 31:4, שְׁתוֹת Yirmiya 35:8, Yirmiya 35:14, לִשְׁתֹּת Breishis 24:19 +, sf. שְׁתוֹתוֹ Melachim Alef 13:33, לִשְׁתּוֹתָהּ Yeshaya 51:22 etc.; Pt. act. שֹׁתֶה Yeshaya 29:8 +, f. שֹׁתָה Iyov 6:4, etc.;—

of man: drink, water, wine, etc., Shemos 34:28 (JE), cf. Shemos 15:24 (J), Shmuel Alef 30:12 Amos 2:8; Amos 4:8; Amos 5:11; Yeshaya 5:22; Yeshaya 62:8, Yeshaya 62:9; Mishlei 31:4, Shoftim 13:4, Shoftim 13:7, Shoftim 13:14 + often (2 times JE; 6 times D); by measure (short allowance) Yechezkel 4:11, Yechezkel 4:16; milk †Yechezkel 25:4, cf. Shir HaShirim 5:1; blood Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:19 (fig. of water gained by hazard); fig. חֲמָתָם שֹׁתָה רוּחִי Iyov 6:4 whose venom [of arrows of י׳] my spirit drinks up; acc. + מִן of source †Shemos 7:18 (J), v Shemos 7:21 (E), Shemos 15:23 (J), Mishlei 5:15 (fig.); acc. (of wine, water, etc.) om. Breishis 24:14^(×2); Breishis 27:25; Breishis 43:34 (all J) + 11 times J, Shemos 7:24; Shemos 17:6 (E), Bamidbar 20:5 (JE), v Bamidbar 20:11; Bamidbar 33:14 (P), Shoftim 15:19 + often; acc. שׁין †Melachim Beis 18:27 = Yeshaya 36:12; מַמְתַקִּים Nechemia 8:10; abs. Koheles 2:24 +; + מִן of source Melachim Alef 17:4, Melachim Alef 17:6 Tehillim 110:7, מִכֹּסוֹ Shmuel Beis 12:3; שׁ׳ בְּמִזְרְקֵי יַיִן † Amos 6:6, cf. Breishis 44:5; שׁ׳ בְּיַיִן †Mishlei 9:5; c. מִן partit. Breishis 9:21; Shemos 7:24; Rus 2:9, also (fig.) Yirmiya 51:7 (and Iyov 21:20 infra).

pt. as subst. שֹׁתֵי מַיִם Yechezkel 31:14, Yechezkel 31:16, שֹׁתֵי יַיִן Yoel 1:5; שׁוֹתֵי שֵׁכָר Tehillim 69:13.

drink wine in sacrificial feast Devarim 32:38 (poem); blood of sacrificial victim Tehillim 50:13 (fig. of י׳).

subj. animals Bamidbar 20:19; Yonah 3:7 (both + men), also (fig.) Yechezkel 34:18, Yechezkel 34:19; acc. (water) om. Breishis 24:19, Breishis 24:22; Breishis 30:38^(×2).

fig. of drinking cup of י׳’s wrath, שׁ׳ אֶת־כּוֹס חֲמָתוֹ Yeshaya 51:17 (+ מִיַּד י׳), cf. v Yeshaya 51:17, v Yeshaya 51:22, v. also Yechezkel 23:32, Yechezkel 23:34 and (acc. om.) Yirmiya 25:16, Yirmiya 25:26, Yirmiya 25:27 + 8 times Je, Chavakuk 2:16; abs. Ovadia 1:16^(×3); acc. שְׁמָרִים Tehillim 75:9; שׁ׳ מֵחֲמַת שַׁדַּי Iyov 21:20.

drink blood, fig. of slaughter, Bamidbar 23:24 (JE; of lion, metaph. of Isr.), Zecharia 9:15 (read דָּמָם for הָמוּ 𝔊 ^Codd. Sta Now Marti); so (blood of י׳’s sacrifice) Yechezkel 39:17, Yechezkel 39:18, Yechezkel 39:19.

fig. of wicked deeds: יֵין חֲמָסִים יִשְׁתּוּ Mishlei 4:17 (‖ לָֽחֲמוּ לֶחֶם רֶשַׁע; these are their food and drink), cf. Iyov 15:16; Iyov 34:7, but Mishlei 26:6 appar. = suffers violence (cf. De Toy).

late, = feast Esther 3:15; Esther 7:1 (cf. מִשְׁתֶּה).

Impf. 3 ms. יִשָּׁתֶה Vayikra 11:34 (P) all which is (may be) drunk, c. ב of vessel.—נִשְׁתָּ֑וָה Mishlei 27:15 v. I. שׁוה ad fin. For cause, give, to drink v. שׁקה.

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שָׁתַם

vb. dub.; if text correct, open (NH Aramaic שׁתם open [vessel]);—only

Pt. pass. cstr. הַגֶּבֶר שְׁתֻם הָעָ֑יִן Bamidbar 24:3, Bamidbar 24:15 (poems in JE) the man opened of [mental] eye, so 𝔖 Ki Ew al. RVm; 𝔙 Röd Ke Di al. render closed of [bodily] eye, reading then implicitly שְׂתֻם (cf. סָתַם, שָׂתַם Eicha 3:8); v. further Gray.

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שֵׁתָר

n.pr.m. a prince of Persia Esther 1:14; Σαρσαθαιος.

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BDB (original) — ש (598)