BDB — ר (282)

רֵאשׁ (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) ^{Daniel 7:6} head (Egyptian Aramaic, S-C^Pap.; Palmyrene רש; Targum רֵישׁ, Syriac ܪܺܝܫ; Biblical Hebrew רֹאשׁ);—construct ר׳ Daniel 7:1; emph. ה—ָ Daniel 2:38; with suffix רֵאשִׁי Daniel 4:2 +, ךְ—ָ Daniel 2:28, הּ—ֵ v Daniel 2:32 +, הּ—ַ Daniel 7:20, הוֹן—ֵ Daniel 3:27; plural absolute רֵאשִׁין Daniel 7:6, with suffix רָאשֵׁיהֹם (Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic §§ 53, Anm. b); 63 Guthe^{Haupt ad location}) Ezra 5:10;—

head of man Daniel 3:27, compare Daniel 7:9; in vision: of image Daniel 2:32, Daniel 2:38, beast Daniel 7:6, Daniel 7:20.

head as seat of visions, הֶזְוֵי רֵאשָׁךְ, etc., Daniel 2:28; Daniel 4:2, Daniel 4:7, Daniel 4:10; Daniel 7:1, Daniel 7:15.

= chief, בְּר׳ Ezra 5:10 in the capacity of their chiefs.

sum, essential content, of matters Daniel 7:1 (Nestle^{MM 40} beginning).

רַב (Aramaic)

adjective great (Targum Syriac);—absolute Daniel 2:31 +, construct v Daniel 2:14 +; emph. m. רַבָּא Ezra 4:10 +; f. רַבְּתָא Daniel 4:27; mpl. redupl. רַבְרְבִין (Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 59, 4) Daniel 3:33, fpl. -בָן Daniel 2:48 +, emph. תָא—ָ Daniel 7:11, Daniel 7:17;—

great, literally, of image Daniel 2:31, rock v Daniel 2:35, city Daniel 4:27, sea Daniel 7:2, beast v Daniel 7:3, Daniel 7:17, teeth v Daniel 7:7, gifts Daniel 2:48; great, imposing, feast Daniel 5:1, signs Daniel 3:33, words Daniel 7:8, Daniel 7:11, Daniel 7:20; c. מִן comp. Daniel 7:20.

figuratively of power, influence, etc.: great king Daniel 2:10 Ezra 4:10; Ezra 5:11 (compare Zinj. מלכן רברבן Cooke ¹⁸³), God Ezra 5:8 Daniel 2:45.

as n. = captain, chief: רַב טַבָּחַיָּא Daniel 2:14, ר׳ סִגְנִין v Daniel 2:48, ר׳ חַרְטֻמַּיָּא Daniel 4:6; Daniel 5:11.

רִבּוֹ (Aramaic)

(Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 65, 4) noun (fem.) myriad (Targum Syriac);—construct ר׳ + plural רבון Kt (read רִבְּוָן K^l.c.), רִבְבָן Qr Daniel 7:10 a myriad myriads.

רְבָה (Aramaic)

verb grow great (Targum Syriac; see Biblical Hebrew I. רבה);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ר׳ Daniel 4:8 +; 3rd feminine singular רְבָת v Daniel 4:19; 2nd masculine singular רְבַיְתָ Kt (> רְבַת Qr Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 47, Beisp. 1) a)) v Daniel 4:19;—grow tall and large, of tree Daniel 4:8, Daniel 4:17; grow long, of hair v Daniel 4:30; figuratively grow great, of king v Daniel 4:19, increase, of greatness v Daniel 4:19.

make great: past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular רַבִּי Daniel 2:48 c. ל direct object person

רְבִיעִי (Aramaic)

adjective num. ord. fourth;—f. absolute רביעיא Kt, רְבִיעָאָה Qr (Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 66, 1) Daniel 2:40; Daniel 3:25; Daniel 7:7, Daniel 7:23; emph. רְבִיעָֽיְתָא v Daniel 7:19, Daniel 7:23.

רוּחַ (Aramaic)

noun (fem.) ^{Daniel 5:12} wind, spirit;—ר׳ absolute Daniel 5:12; Daniel 6:4, construct Daniel 4:5 +, emph. רוּחָא Daniel 2:35; with suffix רוּחִי Daniel 7:15, הּ—ֵ Daniel 5:20; plural construct רוּחֵי Daniel 7:2;—

wind Daniel 2:35; Daniel 7:2.

spirit:

of man, Daniel 5:20; Daniel 7:15; as faculty of knowledge, ר׳ יַתִּירָא Daniel 5:12; Daniel 6:4.

ר׳ אֱלָהִין קַדִּישִׁין Daniel 4:5, Daniel 4:6, Daniel 4:15; Daniel 5:11, ר׳ א׳ v Daniel 5:14.

רֵיחַ (Aramaic)

noun (fem.) smell;—construct ר׳ נוּר Daniel 3:27.

רוּם (Aramaic)

verb rise (see Biblical Hebrew);—

past (עבר) intr. רִם Daniel 5:20 lifted up, of heart, that is presumptuous. Pōʿl. extol: participle (בינוני) מְרוֹמֵם Daniel 4:34 (ל dei).

exalt: participle (בינוני) מָרִים Daniel 5:19 (direct object person). Hithpōʿl. lift oneself up against, past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular הִתְרוֹמַמְתָּ Daniel 5:23 (על dei).

רוּם² (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) ^{Daniel 4:7} height;—with suffix רוּמֵהּ, of temple Ezra 6:3, image Daniel 3:1, tree in vision Daniel 4:7, Daniel 4:8, Daniel 4:17.

רָז (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) ^{Daniel 2:18} secret (Targum the same, Syriac ܪܳܙ, ܐܪܳܙ, ܪܳܐܙܳܐ; Pers. loan-word; = Phlv. rāž, N Pers. rāz Andr^{M 83 *});—absolute ר׳ Daniel 4:6, emph. רָזָא Daniel 2:18, Daniel 2:19, Daniel 2:27, Daniel 2:30, Daniel 2:47; plural absolute רָזִין v Daniel 2:28, Daniel 2:47, emph. רָזַיָּא v Daniel 2:29.

רְחוּם (Aramaic)

n.pr.m. Persian official Ezra 4:8 (usually expl. from √ רחם, see Biblical Hebrew, p. 933; Scheft⁹² thinks poss. orig. רוחם, OIran. n.pr. rukma, = splendour).

רֵיחַ² (Aramaic)

רְעוּ (Aramaic)

noun (fem.) good pleasure, will;—construct רְעוּת of king Ezra 5:17, of God Ezra 7:18.

רַעְיוֹן (Aramaic)

n. m. Daniel 4:16 thought;—plural construct רַעְיוֹנֵי לִבְבָךְ Daniel 2:30; with suffix -נַי Daniel 7:28; -ניך Kt, -נָךְ Qr (Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 53 Anm. b)) Daniel 2:29; Daniel 5:10, רַעְיֹנֹ֫הִי Daniel 4:16; Daniel 5:6.

רְשַׁם (Aramaic)

verb inscribe, sign (Targum Syriac; see Biblical Hebrew (once, late));—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ר׳ Daniel 6:10; 2nd masculine singular רְשַׁ֫מָתָּ v Daniel 6:13, רְשַׁ֑מְתָּ v Daniel 6:14; future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular (וְ)תִרְשֻׁם v Daniel 6:9;—inscribe (probably with one’s name, that is) sign, direct object כְּתָבָא Daniel 6:9, Daniel 6:10, אֱסָר v Daniel 6:13, Daniel 6:14. Peʿîl past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular רְשִׁים, subj. כְּתָבָא:

be inscribed, written, Daniel 5:24, Daniel 5:25.

be signed Daniel 6:11.

רֶ֫שֶׁת

noun (fem.) ^{Exodus 27:5} net;—absolute רֶשֶׁת Hosea 5:1 + 11 times; רָ֑שֶׁת Proverbs 1:17; construct רֶשֶׁת Exodus 27:4; Exodus 38:4; with suffix רִשְׁתִּי Hosea 7:12 + 2 times; רִשְׁתּוֹ Psalms 10:9; Psalms 35:8; רִשְׁתָּם Ezekiel 19:8 Psalms 35:7;—

net:

for catching (birds, etc.) חִנָּם מְזֹרָה הָרָ֑שֶׁת Proverbs 1:17 to no purpose is the net spread in the eyes of any bird; elsewhere figuratively (1) of judgment of י׳, all c. פרשׂ: Hosea 7:12 (‖ כְּעוֹף הַשָּׁמַיִם אוֹרִידֵם), Ezekiel 12:13; Ezekiel 17:20 (both ‖ מְצוּדָתִי), Ezekiel 32:3 (of י׳ catching Pharaoh, under figuratively of sea-monster; ‖ ii. חֵרֶם); (2) of nations capturing king of Israel under figuratively of lion Ezekiel 19:8 (c. פרשׂ; ‖ שַׁחְתָּם); (3) of priests and rulers (as entangling people in sin) Hosea 5:1 (‖ פַּח).

spread for feet of man (figuratively): (1) by י׳ Lamentations 1:13 (c. פָּרַשׂ); (2) by wicked (= plot) Proverbs 29:5 (c. פרשׂ), Psalms 140:6 (c. the same; ‖ טָמַן פַּח), Psalms 10:9; Psalms 25:15, שֻׁלַּח בְּרֶשֶׁת בְּרַגְלָיו Job 18:8 (‖ שְׂבָכָה); elsewhere c. טמן Psalms 9:16 (‖ שַׁחַת), Psalms 31:5; Psalms 35:7 (שַׁחַת רִשְׁתָּם), v Psalms 35:8; c. הֵכִין Psalms 57:7 (‖ שִׁיחָה).

brazen network for altar of tabern. הָרֶשֶׁת Exodus 27:4, Exodus 27:5; מִכְבָּר מַעֲשֵׂה ר׳ נְחשֶׁת Exodus 27:4 = Exodus 38:4 (all P).—On infinitive (מקור) רֶשֶׁת, see ירשׁ above

רָאָה

Deuteronomy 14:13 textual error; see דָּאָה.

רָאָה²

verb see (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; וארא MI⁴, הראני l⁷, compare רית spectacle l¹²; Sab. ראי see, expect, DHM ^{ZMG xxix (1875), 596, 599}; Arabic رَأَى see, so Ethiopic ርእየ: Targum רֵו, רֵיוָא human appearance, features, etc. (compare Hebrew רֳאִי 2));—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ר׳ Genesis 29:10 +, with suffix וְרָֽאֲךָ consec. Exodus 4:14, רָאָהוּ II Kings 2:12 +; 3rd feminine singular רָֽאֲתָה Genesis 38:14, with suffix רָאָֽתְךָ Job 42:5; 2nd masculine singular רָאִיתָ Genesis 20:10 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִרְאֶה Genesis 22:8 +, juss. יֵרֵא Genesis 41:33 (Baer Gi, Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 75 p, hh Konig^i.561; van d. H. יֵרֶא), יֵ֫רֶא Exodus 5:21 +, וַיַּרְא Genesis 18:2 + (I Samuel 19:20 read plural Septuagint Comm., that is וַיִּרְאֻ Driver^{Smend lxiii}), with suffix יִרְאַנִי Exodus 33:20, וַיִּרְאֵ֑נִי II Samuel 1:7; 3rd feminine singular תִּרְאֶה Leviticus 20:17; Job 33:28, juss. תֵּרֵא Micah 7:10; Zechariah 9:5 (Baer Gi, compare Gesenius Konig above; van d. H. תֵּרֶא), וַתֵּ֫רֶא Genesis 3:6 +; i s. אֶרְאֶה Genesis 21:16 +, וָאֵרֶא Genesis 31:10 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) רְאֵה Genesis 27:27 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute רָאֹה Exodus 3:7 +, רָאוֹ Genesis 26:28; Isaiah 6:9; construct רְאֹה Genesis 48:11, רְאוֹת Exodus 10:28 +, רַאֲוָה Ezekiel 28:17, etc.; participle (בינוני) active רֹאֶה Genesis 13:15 +, etc.; passive רְאֻיוֹת (Baer Gi; van d. H. רְאֻיּוֹת):—

see, subj. עַיִן, עֵינַיִם, with a direct object person Isaiah 6:5; Isaiah 30:20; Jeremiah 42:2 + 5 times Jb Pr; subj. person, with a direct object person Genesis 12:12, Genesis 12:15 + (מִי רָאָהוּ I Samuel 23:22, read הַמְּהֵרָה Septuagint Th Wellhausen al. [not HPS]); רֹאִי I Samuel 16:13 (pt. with suffix, compareבְּאֵר לַחַי רֹאִי v I Samuel 23:14, p. 91 above); direct object of God Genesis 32:31 (פָּנִים אֶל־פָּנִים); direct object person om. Genesis 18:2; Genesis 19:1 +; with a direct object פְּנֵי Genesis 31:2; Genesis 46:30; Genesis 48:11; Exodus 33:20, opposite אֶת־אֲחֹרָ֑י v Exodus 33:23; with a direct object פְּנֵי specif. of having access to man of rank Genesis 43:3, Genesis 43:5 + (see [פָּנֶה] 2 b).

see, with a direct object rei: subj. עַיִן, עֵינַיִם Joshua 24:7 I Samuel 24:11 (van d. H. Baer; v I Samuel 24:10 Gi), Deuteronomy 3:21 + 5 times Dt, +; וְעֵינָיו אֶת־עֵינָיו תִּרְאֶינָה Jeremiah 32:4, compare Jeremiah 34:3; direct object om. II Samuel 24:3 Deuteronomy 21:7 + 9 times (לִרְאוֹת I Samuel 6:13 read לִקְרָאתוֹ Septuagint Wellhausen Driver Kittel Budde HPS Nowack); subj. person Genesis 13:15; Genesis 31:12 + very often; with a direct object cogn. מַרְאֶה Exodus 3:3 + 7 times, מַרְאָה Daniel 10:7^(×2), Daniel 10:8, חָזוֹן Daniel 8:15, חֶזְיֹנוֹת Joel 3:1; hence see absolute = receive revelation, Isaiah 30:10 (‖ חזה), compareEzekiel 13:3 and see 1. רֹאֶה; c.direct object עֶרְוָה, see ע׳, p. 788 f.; see war, that is see it impending Exodus 13:17; ר׳ אֶת־הַקּוֹלֹת וְאֶת־הַלַּפִּידִים Exodus 20:15 (Gi v Exodus 13:15); רֹאֵי הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Ecclesiastes 7:11 those who see the sun = living men; direct object rei om. Exodus 22:9 II Samuel 13:5 +, וָאֶרְאֶה בֶּחָזוֹן Daniel 8:2^(×2) (absolute); לֹא יֵדעוּ רְלֹא יִרְאוּ Nehemiah 4:5; עֵינֵי רֹאִים Isaiah 32:3, מְקוֹם רֹאִים Job 34:26; c. adverb or adverb phr. instead of direct object rei: כָּהֵנָּה Genesis 41:19 compare Isaiah 66:8; Ezekiel 1:27^(×2), כַּאֲשֶׁר II Kings 2:19; II Chronicles 29:8; II Chronicles 30:7; Job 4:8; Ezekiel 16:50; Daniel 1:13, כֵּן Psalms 48:9.

see, followed by direct object + cl. or phr. of closer design.: (1) + epex. cl. c. כִּי, direct object person Genesis 6:2 saw them that they were fair, Genesis 12:14 (both J), Exodus 2:2; Exodus 32:25 (both E), I Kings 11:28, direct object of face + the same Genesis 31:5, Exodus 34:25; direct object rei Genesis 49:15 (poem), Isaiah 22:9; Genesis 1:4, Ecclesiastes 2:24; Ecclesiastes 4:4 and probably II Kings 14:26 (reading כִּי מַר הוּא); (2) ר׳ כָּל־הַבָּא עָלָיו וְעָמָ֑ד II Samuel 20:12; (3) + adjective (incl. pt.), direct object person Genesis 7:1, Amos 9:1; II Samuel 18:10 + 39 times (Jeremiah 46:5 del. ר׳ Septuagint Gie), + direct object אֲשֶׁר Exodus 14:13^(×2); direct object rei, †Exodus 23:5; Exodus 33:10 (both E), Deuteronomy 22:4; Ezekiel 33:3, Ezekiel 33:6; Daniel 1:10; Daniel 8:4, Daniel 8:6, Daniel 8:7; †(4) + מָה, direct object rei Numbers 13:18, Haggai 2:3; †(5) + preposition phr., direct object person Exodus 5:19, Zechariah 4:10; Ecclesiastes 10:7; Esther 5:9; direct object rei + בִּכְבוֹדוֹ Haggai 2:3, + ב person Jeremiah 23:13, Jeremiah 23:14, + כ person Judges 9:36, כ rei II Samuel 18:27; (6) direct object person + adverb direct object + כ person Jeremiah 30:6.

see, so as to learn to know: with a direct object person Deuteronomy 33:9 (‖ הִכִּיר, יַדַע);with a direct object rei Deuteronomy 1:19, Deuteronomy 1:31; Deuteronomy 11:2; Job 11:11 (‖ יַדַע), Psalms 16:10; Psalms 49:10; = have experience of, Jeremiah 5:12; Jeremiah 14:13; Jeremiah 20:18; Jeremiah 42:14; Zephaniah 3:15; Psalms 89:49; Ecclesiastes 5:17, שֵׁנָה בְּעֵינָיו אֵינֶנּוּ רֹאֶה Ecclesiastes 8:16; מָה ראית Genesis 20:10 that is what hast thou encountered, that …? Bacher^{journal ZAW xix (1899), 345 ff.; Terminol. 177 f.}

absolute see, have (power of) vision, Genesis 27:1, Genesis 18:21, I Samuel 3:2; I Samuel 4:15; I Kings 14:4, miraculous II Kings 6:17^(×2), II Kings 6:20^(×2); denied of idols Deuteronomy 4:28 Psalms 115:5; Psalms 135:16; figuratively of spiritual vision Isaiah 6:10; Isaiah 29:18; Isaiah 42:18; Isaiah 44:18; Jeremiah 5:21; Deuteronomy 29:3; Ezekiel 12:2^(×2) Psalms 40:13; Psalms 69:24; עַיִן רֹאָה Proverbs 20:12.—I Samuel 14:27 read Qr see אור.

see = perceive:

followed by cl. c. כִּי, Exodus 3:4; Exodus 8:11; Genesis 1:10, Genesis 1:12 + often (I Samuel 23:15 read וַיִּרָא and he feared Wellhausen Driver Kittel Budde HPS Nowack); om. כִּי (late) †Lamentations 1:10 Psalms 49:11 Ecclesiastes 3:16; followed by מָה of indirect question Genesis 2:19, Genesis 37:20, Judges 9:48; Deuteronomy 32:20; Jeremiah 7:17; Jeremiah 33:24; Ezekiel 8:6; Jonah 4:5 +; בַּמָּה Judges 16:5 compare I Samuel 14:38, כַּמָּה Zechariah 2:6 Psalms 35:17; followed by מִי of indirect question I Samuel 14:17; Isaiah 40:26; Lamentations 2:20 (+ הַבִּיטָה); followed by אֵי I Samuel 26:16, אֵיכֹה II Kings 6:13, אֵיפֹה Jeremiah 3:2; followed by cl. c. הֲ whether, Genesis 8:8; Genesis 18:21; Numbers 11:23 (all J), Exodus 4:18, Psalms 14:2; Psalms 53:3 Song of Songs 6:11 b Esther 3:4, אִם whether Jeremiah 30:6; Lamentations 1:12 Psalms 139:24 Song of Songs 7:13, אֲשֶׁר that or how I Samuel 18:15, אֵי Ecclesiastes 2:3, שֶׁ that v Ecclesiastes 2:13, שְׁ Ecclesiastes 3:18.

with a direct object צָרַת נַפִשׁוֹ Genesis 42:21 (that is saw it by out-ward signs), compare Hosea 5:13. [Note, under 5 (rarely in other cases, and only S K Je), †imperative (ציווי) + ידע imperative (ציווי): דַּע וּרְאֵה I Samuel 24:12; II Samuel 24:13; I Kings 20:22; דְּעִי וּרְאִי I Samuel 25:17; Jeremiah 2:19; דְּעוּ וּרְאוּ I Samuel 12:17; I Samuel 14:38; I Samuel 23:22; I Kings 20:7; II Kings 5:7; in reverse order, רְאוּ וּדְעוּ I Samuel 23:23; Jeremiah 5:1.].

look at, see, by direct volition:

subj. men, with a direct object rei, Genesis 9:22, Genesis 9:23, Genesis 42:9, Genesis 42:12, Leviticus 13:3, Leviticus 13:15 +; with a direct object of land = reconnoitre Joshua 2:1; look at sun, etc., for worship †Deuteronomy 4:19; Job 31:26; = inspect I Kings 9:12; Leviticus 14:36^(×2); with a direct object person Numbers 24:20, Numbers 24:21, Exodus 2:25; Leviticus 13:3, Leviticus 13:5 (all P), I Samuel 9:16 +, (I Samuel 19:15 HPS proposes אֶל־בֵּית for לִרְאוֹת); c. preposition ר׳ אַחֲרִי רֹאִי Genesis 16:13 I have looked after one seeing me (interpr. see Dillmann).

subj. God, with a direct object rei Genesis 9:16; = inspect Genesis 11:5; look at with favour, direct object person Job 37:24 Psalms 138:6; so perhaps figuratively, subj. man, regard, with a direct object אָוֶן Psalms 66:18 (Hup-Nowack; Cheyne Bae Driver al. intend); look with pleasure (direct object om., + מִן by reason of, as a fruit of) Isaiah 53:11 (si vera l.; ins. direct object אוֹר Septuagint Houb Klostermann Duhm Cheyne^Haupt Kittel [perhaps], with Hiph. יַרְאֵה Septuagint Duhm Cheyne^Haupt, rescues from travail his soul, makes it see light).

without direct object, look, take a look, etc. (of man and God; often + וְהִנֵּה), Genesis 8:13; Genesis 18:2;Exodus 3:2; Leviticus 13:8; Lamentations 3:50 (מִן location), Genesis 13:14 (מִן location + ה location), Deuteronomy 3:27; Ezekiel 40:4; Ezekiel 44:5 (all בְּעֵינֶיךָ), + often; peculiarly, מִמֶּנִּי תִרְאוּ וְכֵן תַּעֲשׂוּ Judges 7:17 (compare GFM).

look after, see after, learn about, with a direct object rei Genesis 37:14, with a direct object person = visit (go to see) I Samuel 15:35; I Samuel 20:29; II Samuel 13:5, II Samuel 13:6; II Kings 8:29 = II Chronicles 22:6; II Kings 9:16, compare Ezekiel 20:28, עֵין רֹאִי Job 7:8 (Dillmann Budde al.).

observe, watch, absolute I Samuel 6:9, I Samuel 6:16; I Samuel 17:28; Ecclesiastes 8:16 (‖ ידע).

look upon = endure to see, with a direct object rei Habakkuk 1:13 (‖ הִבִּיט).

look out, find out, direct object person II Kings 9:2; Genesis 41:33, + ל person I Samuel 16:17; select, direct object person + מִן from among II Kings 10:3, + ב among + ל person I Samuel 16:1; provide, furnish, with a direct object rei Deuteronomy 33:21 (poem), + ל person Genesis 22:8, compare absolute י׳ יִרְאֶה as n.pr.location = י׳ seeth v Genesis 22:14 a (E;? read יֵרָאֶה, compare v b, Niph. and Dillmann); רְאֻיוֹת Esther 2:9 looked out = suitable (as often Mishnaic Hebrew).

look at = concern oneself about, direct object rei (+ בְּיָדוֹ) Genesis 39:23.

of mental observation:

imperative (ציווי) see! observe! consider! exclam. (nearly = הִנֵּה), followed by cl.: Genesis 27:27; Genesis 31:50 see! God is witness Genesis 39:14; Genesis 41:41; Exodus 4:21; Deuteronomy 1:8 +; followed by nom. independ. II Samuel 24:22 (‖ I Chronicles 21:23 followed by cl.).

look at, that is inquire into, a matter, direct object rei om., of י׳, I Samuel 24:16 (Gi v I Samuel 24:15).

give attention to, direct object rei, Jeremiah 2:31, absolute give attention! II Samuel 13:28; II Kings 6:32; Exodus 25:40 Psalms 45:11; take heed to, direct object rei, I Kings 12:16 = II Chronicles 10:16; absolute take heed! Exodus 10:10, + פֶּן II Kings 10:23.

discern, לִבִּי ר׳ חָכְמָה Ecclesiastes 1:16, ר׳ טוֹב Ecclesiastes 3:13.

distinguish, c. בֵּין … לְ of person Malachi 3:18;

consider, reflect, Ecclesiastes 7:14 (followed by cl orat. rect.).

c. ב, literally, look into, hence look at with interest (Germ. ‘sich vertiefen in’): (1) gaze at I Samuel 6:19 (on context see Wellhausen Driver HPS), so as to become acquainted with Genesis 34:1; so as to find out Ecclesiastes 3:22; inspect liver (for omens) Ezekiel 21:26; somewhat weakened = behold Job 3:9; II Chronicles 7:3 Psalms 64:9. (2) look at with kindness, helpfulness, of י׳, בָּעֳנִי Genesis 29:32; I Samuel 1:11 (+ inf. absolute), II Samuel 16:12, בַּצַּר Psalms 106:44. (3) upon a spectacle causing anger Exodus 2:11, grief Genesis 21:16;, Genesis 44:34; Numbers 11:15 (both J), II Kings 22:20 (subj. עֵינַיִם) = II Chronicles 34:28; Esther 8:6^(×2), abhorrence Isaiah 66:24. (4) gaze at with apprehension Ecclesiastes 11:4. (5) with joy, pleasure, II Kings 10:16; Micah 7:9; Jeremiah 29:32; Isaiah 52:8 (עַיִן בְּעַיִן, compare Niph. Numbers 14:14); Job 20:17; Job 33:28 Psalms 54:9; Psalms 106:5; Psalms 128:5; Song of Songs 3:11; Song of Songs 6:11 a Ecclesiastes 2:1. (6) especially with exultation, triumph = feast eyes upon, sometimes gloat over enemies (compare MI⁷) Judges 16:27; Micah 7:10; Ezekiel 28:17 Obadiah 1:12, Obadiah 1:13 Psalms 22:18; Psalms 54:9; Psalms 112:8; Psalms 118:7.

c. אֶל Jeremiah 4:23. Isaiah 17:7 (subj. עֵינַיִם; ‖ שָׁעָה עַל); עַל person Exodus 5:21; ר׳ עַל־הָאָבְנָ֑יִם Exodus 1:16 see [אֹבֶן] and Comm., also Spiegelb^{ZA xiv (June 1900), 269 ff.}.

c. ל, הָאָדָם יִר׳ לַעֵינַיִם וְיהוה יִר׳ לַלֵּבָב I Samuel 16:7, מִי יִרְאֶה־לָּ֑מוֹ Psalms 64:6.—Corrupt is וּרְאִתַנִי כְתוֹר הָאָדָם I Chronicles 17:17 (and ‖ וְזֹאת תּוֹרַת הָאָדָם II Samuel 7:19), read וַתַּרְאֵנִי (with other changes) Wellhausen Driver Kau Budde HPS Nowack; Ezekiel 12:12; read probably Niph. Septuagint Hitzig Co Krae; Micah 6:9; read probably יִרְאָה compare Nowack GASm.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִרְאָה Genesis 48:3 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יֵרָאֶה Genesis 22:14 +, juss. יֵרָא Exodus 34:3; Leviticus 9:6, וַיֵּרָא Genesis 12:7 +; 1st singular וָאֵרָא Exodus 6:3; etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. הֵרָאֵה I Kings 18:1; infinitive (מקור) construct לְהֵרָאוֹת I Samuel 17:17 +, לֵרָאוֹת Isaiah 1:12 + 2 times, הֵרָאֹה Judges 13:21; I Samuel 3:21; etc.;—

appear, especially

of י׳ (God): c. אֶל person Genesis 12:7^(×2) + 6 times J, Genesis 35:1, v Genesis 35:9 Genesis 48:3; Exodus 6:3; (בְּאֵל שַׁדַּי, ב essent.), Leviticus 9:4 (all P), I Kings 3:5; I Kings 9:2^(×2) = II Chronicles 7:12; I Kings 11:9; c. ל person Jeremiah 31:3; II Chronicles 1:7; II Chronicles 3:1 (ins. י׳ Septuagint Kau Kittel); absolute Genesis 22:14 in the mt. where י׳ appeareth (probably, Dillmann Stade ^{G i. 450} Driver^{Hast. DB ii. 563}; E), Numbers 14:14; (JE; עַיִן בְּעַיִן, v Isaiah 52:8 Qal 8 a (5)), Leviticus 16:2 (P; ב location + עַל), I Samuel 3:21 (ב location), II Samuel 22:11 (עַל־כַּנְפֵי־רוּחַ; < וַיֵּדֶא ‖ Psalms 18:11), + 5 times; of מַלְאַךְ י׳, c. אֶל person Exodus 3:2, Judges 13:21; of כְּבוֹד י׳; c. אֶל person Leviticus 9:6, Leviticus 9:23; Numbers 14:10 (ב location), Numbers 16:19; Numbers 20:6 (all P), Judges 6:12; Judges 13:3; עַל person Isaiah 60:2; absolute Exodus 16:10 (ב location), Numbers 17:7 (both P).

appear, of man, = present oneself: c. אֶל person Genesis 46:29, Judges 13:10; I Kings 18:1, I Kings 18:2, I Kings 18:15; Leviticus 13:7^(×2), Leviticus 13:19, אֶל of God Psalms 84:8 (ב location), אֶל־פְּנֵי הָאָדֹן Exodus 23:17; absolute Isaiah 16:12 (del. as dittogr. Lo Duhm Cheyne^Haupt Marti al.); especially (Mass.) followed by אֶת־פְּנֵי) of י׳, rendered appear before י׳: so וְנִרְאָה I Samuel 1:22, יֵרָאֶה Exodus 34:23, Deuteronomy 16:16, וְאֵרָאֶה Psalms 42:3, יֵרָאוּ Exodus 23:15, Exodus 34:20, Deuteronomy 16:16, לֵרָאוֹת Exodus 34:24, Deuteronomy 31:11; Isaiah 1:12; read probably in all Qal (see [פָּנֶה] II. 2).

appear, of things: late (Hex only P), absolute Genesis 1:9; Genesis 8:5, c. ב location Genesis 9:14; Leviticus 13:14, Leviticus 13:57; elsewhere poet. Psalms 18:16 = II Samuel 22:16, Psalms 90:16 Proverbs 27:25 (of דֶּשֶׁא), Song of Songs 2:12 (ב location; of blossoms); subj. מַרְאֵיהֶם Daniel 1:15 (+ adjective pred.), v Daniel 1:13 (+ לְפָנֶיךָ); subj. חָזוֹן, c. אֶל person Daniel 8:1^(×2); subj. כְּנֶגַע Leviticus 14:35 (c. ל person).

be seen:

subj. rei, I Kings 10:12 = II Chronicles 9:11 (where כָּהֶם subj.) Ezekiel 19:11, of sins Ezekiel 21:29 (‖ חִגָּלוֹת), subj. כָּזֹאת Judges 19:30, כְּאֶבֶן etc. Ezekiel 10:1.

subj. person II Samuel 17:17 (+ לָבוֹא) be seen to come.

be seen = occur II Kings 23:24 (ב location); = exist, + ל person Exodus 13:7^(×2), Deuteronomy 16:4, compare Ezekiel 10:8; = be present, + ב location Judges 5:8 Exodus 34:3.

be visible, Exodus 33:23 (JE; subj. י׳’s face), אֵין אֶבֶן נִרְאָה I Kings 6:18, I Kings 8:8^(×2) = II Chronicles 5:9^(×2), Jeremiah 13:26 Isaiah 47:3.

past (עבר) 3rd plural עַצְמֹתָיו לֹא רֻאוּ Job 33:21 (Baer Gi; d. f. Ki Konig^{i. 41, 563}, Mappik\ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 14 d; van d. H. רֻאוּ), appar. his bones are not seen, detected; De which were (formerly) not seen; Dillmann are insignificant (‘unscheinbar’), so Bae; probably corrupt, Budde נָאווּ, Duhm del. as doublet.

recipr. look at each other: future (עתיד) 2nd masculine plural לָ֫מָּה תִּתְרָאוּ Genesis 42:1; techn. 3rd masculine plural וַיִּתְרָאוּ פָנִים II Kings 14:11 = II Chronicles 25:21 and they looked each other in the face, that is met in combat, so i plural נִתְרָאֶה פ׳ II Kings 14:8 = II Chronicles 25:17, compare (perhaps) II Kings 23:29, where Winckler Benz conjunction כְּהִתְרָאוֹת אִתּוֹ (or Niph. כְּהֵרָאוֹת אִתּוֹ) for Masoretic Text כִּרְאֹתוֹ אֹתוֹ.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הֶרְאָה Genesis 41:28 +, with suffix הִרְאַנִי Amos 7:1 +, הֶרְאָ֑נִי Ezekiel 11:25, הֶרְאָנוּ Deuteronomy 5:18; Judges 13:23, הֶרְאֲךָ Deuteronomy 4:36; i s. וְהַרְאֵיתִ֫י Nahum 3:5 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 53 p), with suffix הֶרְאִיתִיךָ Deuteronomy 34:4, הִרְאִיתִים Isaiah 39:4 compare ‖ II Kings 20:15, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַרְאֶה Isaiah 30:30, וַיַּרְא II Kings 11:4, with suffix יַרְאֵנִי Numbers 23:3 Psalms 59:11; i s. with suffix אַרְאֶךָּ Genesis 12:1 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. with suffix הַרְאֵנִי Exodus 33:18, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct הַרְאוֹת Deuteronomy 3:24 +, with suffix הַרְאוֹתְכָה Ezekiel 40:4, לַרְאֹתְכֶם Deuteronomy 1:33, etc.; participle (בינוני) מַרְאֶה Exodus 25:9 Ezekiel 40:4;—

cause one to see something, shew: (1) subj. man, with a direct object person + rei, Numbers 13:26 b, Judges 1:24, Judges 1:25; II Kings 20:13^(×2), II Kings 20:15 = Isaiah 39:2^(×2), Isaiah 39:4 + 4 times, direct object rei om. Ezekiel 40:4; Esther 4:8, direct object refl. נַפְשׁוֹ + direct object rei Ecclesiastes 2:24; מִי יַרְאֵנוּ טוֹב Psalms 4:7, direct object person om., = exhibit Esther 1:4; c. 2 direct object person Judges 4:22; II Kings 11:4. (2) especially subj. י׳ (God), with a direct object person + rei, Genesis 12:1; Exodus 9:16 (both J), Genesis 41:28; Genesis 48:11 (both E), Exodus 33:18; Deuteronomy 34; 1 b (both JE), Deuteronomy 3:24; Deuteronomy 4:36; Deuteronomy 5:18; Joshua 5:6, Exodus 25:9, Judges 13:23 + 5 times + (of revelation to prophets) Numbers 23:3, Jeremiah 38:21; Ezekiel 11:25, also, with a direct object rei cogn., Numbers 8:4, direct object rei om. Deuteronomy 34:4, direct object person om. = exhibit, Isaiah 30:30; of visions, י׳ subj., with a direct object person + כֹּה Amos 7:1, Amos 7:4, Amos 7:7; Amos 8:1, + כַּאֲשֶׁר Exodus 27:8, with a direct object person only = cause to see [a vision] Jeremiah 24:1; c. 2 direct object person + appos. II Kings 8:13, direct object person + cl. c. כִּי v II Kings 8:10. (3) subj. angel, direct object person + rei, of revelation to prophet Zechariah 2:3; Zechariah 3:1; direct object person + cl. c. מָה Zechariah 1:9.

cause to experience something, with a direct object person + rei, subj. י׳, Habakkuk 1:3 Psalms 60:5; Psalms 71:20; Psalms 85:8.

cause to look intently at, to behold, with a direct object person + ב rei (compare Qal 8), subj. י׳:

cause to gaze at, with joy Psalms 50:23; Psalms 91:16.

in exultation, cause to feast one’s eyes upon, fallen enemies Psalms 59:11 (compare MI4).

in weakened sense, cause to behold Deuteronomy 1:33 (compare Driver).

be caused to see, be shewn: past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular הָרְאֵיתָ, subj. man, direct object rei, Exodus 26:30 (P; ב location); so participle (בינוני) מָרְאֶה Exodus 25:40 (P; ב location); followed by inf. אַתָּה הָרְאֵתָ לָדַעַת כִּי Deuteronomy 4:35.

be exhibited to, subj. rei, direct object person, past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular consec. וְהָרְאָה אֶת־הַכֹּהֵן Leviticus 13:49.

רָאֶה

adjective seeing, assumed by Gesenius' Thesaurus al. to explain construct וּרְאֵה עָנְיִי Job 10:15, but improb.; Mass. appar. intended imperative (ציווי) (unsuitable); Ewald al. וְרֹאֵה; Dillmann Budde Duhm (After Lagarde Gei) רְוֵה עֹ֑נִי drenched (that is sated) with affliction.

רֹאֶה

n.[m.] seer, c. art. הָר׳ (except II Samuel 15:27);—old name for נָבִיא I Samuel 9:9, used of Sam. v I Samuel 9:9, I Samuel 9:11, I Samuel 9:18, I Samuel 9:19 and (as archaism) I Chronicles 9:22; I Chronicles 26:28; I Chronicles 29:29; of חֲנָנִי II Chronicles 16:7, II Chronicles 16:10; הֲרוֹאִה appar. of Zadok II Samuel 15:27, but crpt. (conjunction in Wellhausen Driver); plural (c. preposition) לָרֹאִים Isaiah 30:10 the seers, as a class.

רֹאֶה²

n.[m.] prophetic vision שָׁגוּ בָּר׳ Isaiah 28:7 they reel in (their) vision (‖ פָּקוּ פְּלִילִיָּה).

רֹאֶה³

n.pr.m. I Chronicles 2:52, see רְאָיָה below

רַאֲוָה

Ezekiel 28:17 see √ Qal infinitive (מקור), and 8 a (6).

רְאוּת

noun (fem.) look;—construct רְאוּת עֵינָיו Ecclesiastes 5:10 Qr (Kt ראית).

רְאָיָה

n.pr.m. (י׳ hath seen);—

Judaite I Chronicles 4:2 (Ραδα, A Ρεια, SeptuagintL Ρεαα), = iii. הָרֹאֶה I Chronicles 2:52 (crpt.; Αιω, A Αραα).

Reubenite I Chronicles 5:5, Ρηχα, SeptuagintL Ραια.

post-ex. name Ezra 2:47 (Ρεηλ A SeptuagintL Ραια) = Nehemiah 7:49 (Ραεα, A SeptuagintL Ρααια).

רְאוּבֵן

n.pr.m. Reuben, Ρουβην[ιν] (behold a son! but Genesis 29:32 makes = רָאָה בְּעָנְיִי(!); Jos^{Ant. i, 19, 7 al.} Ρουβηλος, Peshitta ܪܘܽܒܝܺܠ, ר׳ then perhaps = Arabic رِيبَالٌ lion, compare Dillmann);—

eldest son of Jacob and Leah Genesis 29:32; Genesis 30:14 + 11 times Gn, Exodus 1:2; I Chronicles 2:1; as head of family or clan Exodus 6:14^(×2); Numbers 1:20; Numbers 26:5 (all P), I Chronicles 5:1, I Chronicles 5:3, compare בְּנֵי אֱלִיאָב בֶּן־רְא׳ Deuteronomy 11:6.

as name of clan or tribe Judges 5:15, Judges 5:16; Deuteronomy 27:13; Joshua 18:7 (+ גָּד; both D), Deuteronomy 33:6 (poem), Ezekiel 48:6, Ezekiel 48:7, Ezekiel 48:31; Numbers 1:5; so מַטֵה ר׳ Numbers 1:21; Numbers 13:4; Joshua 20:8; Joshua 21:7 (all P), I Chronicles 6:48, I Chronicles 6:63, מַחֲנֵה ר׳ Numbers 2:10, Numbers 2:16; Numbers 10:18 (all P); בְּנֵי ר׳, as tribe, Numbers 16:1; Numbers 32:37 (both JE), Numbers 2:10; Numbers 7:20; Numbers 26:5; Joshua 13:23^(×2) (all P), also (+ Gad and often Manasseh) Numbers 32:1, Numbers 32:2, Numbers 32:6, Numbers 32:25, Joshua 4:12, Numbers 32:29, Numbers 32:31, Numbers 32:33; Joshua 22:9 + 11 times 22 (all P), compare I Chronicles 5:18; בֶן־ר׳ as tribe Joshua 15:6; Joshua 18:7 (both P), מַטֵּה בְּנֵי־ר׳ Joshua 13:15.

ראות

רְאֵם

noun (masc.) ^{Job 39:10} wild ox (Assyrian rêmu Delitzsch^{HWB 603} (ראם), Houghton^{TSBA v (1877), 336 ff., and illustr. bef. p. 33} Schr^{KGF 135 ff., 530} Hom^{NS 257 ff., 410, 436 f.} Driver Deuteronomy 33:17; on strength and ferocity, Plin^{Mishnaic Hebrew viii. 21}; Aramaic רְאֵמָא, רֵימָא, רֵימָנָא, ܪܰܝܡܳܐ (Lagarde^{BN 58}); Arabic رِىْٔمٌ is white antelope, antilope leucoryx; Septuagint (erron.) μονόκερως (Isaiah 34:7 ἁδροί), Vulgate unicornis, and (oftener) rhinoceros);—absolute ר׳ Numbers 23:22 +, רְאֵים Psalms 92:11, רֵים Job 39:9, Job 39:10; plural רְאֵמִים Isaiah 34:7 Psalms 29:6, רֵמִים Psalms 22:22 (see Baer);—wild ox, as fierce and strong Job 39:9, Job 39:10; sim. of strength of Isr., כְּתוֹעֲפוֹה ר׳ לוֹ Numbers 23:22 = Numbers 24:8, רַתָּרֶם כִּרְאֵם קַרְנִי Psalms 92:11; so figuratively of Joseph, קֵּרְנֵי ר׳ קַרְנָיו Deuteronomy 33:17; figuratively of princes of Edom Isaiah 34:7 (+ פָּרִים עִם אַבִּירִים); of powerful foes, מִקַּרְנֵי רֵמִים Psalms 22:22; in sim. of skipping, leaping, בֶּן־רְאֵמִים Psalms 29:6 (‖ עֵגֶל).

רְאוּמָה

n.pr.f. concubine of Nahor Genesis 22:23; A Ρεηρα, SeptuagintL Ρεημα.

רָאמוֹת

n.[f.plural] usually corals (so Ki; black corals Gesenius' Thesaurus (פְּנִינִים = red corals); compare Arabic رَأْمَةٌ, sea-shell, Wellhausen^{Heid. 2. 163});—as costly Job 28:18, as merchandise, רָאמֹת Ezekiel 27:16;—רָאמוֹת לֶאֱוִיל חָכְמוֹת Proverbs 24:7, reading and sense doubtful, see Toy.

רָֽאֲמָה

ii. רָאמוֹת, רָאמַת see רום, ii. רמה.

רָאשׁ

poor, רֵאשׁ poverty, see רושׁ.

רֹאשׁ

noun (masc.) Leviticus 13:45 head (common Sem. word; earliest form *ra’š, Arabic رَأْسٌ, Sab. ראס Prä^{ZMG xxix (1875), 425} Mordtm^{Him. Inschr. 31}; Ethiopic ርእስ: Amh. ራስ: hence (a heightened) Assyrian rêšu (rarely râšu), Aramaic רֵישָׁא (Egyptian Aramaic ראשׁ Cooke^{North-Sem. Inscr. 404}), ܪܺܝܫܳܐ, mod. raïša, Huart^{JAs xii (1878), 491} Duval^{the same xiii (1879), 464}; Palmyrene רשׁא, Lidzbarski³⁶⁶, compare Biblical Hebrew רִישׁוֹן, רֵאשִׁית; from *ra’š, also Biblical Hebrew *רָאשׁ, רֹאשׁ (Lagarde^{Symm. i. 113}), TelAm. rušu(nu) Winckler ^{189, 18} (gloss to ḳaḳḳadunu), Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; SI⁶ ראש, Phoenician רש, ראש (in n.pr.), Pun. rus (in n.pr.location) Schröd^{Phoenician Spr. 133}, ראשת choicest, chief; on MI²⁰ (with suffix) רשה, l.²⁸ ש[ר], compare Smend. u. So¹⁴ Noldeke^{LCB Jan. 8, 1887, 60});—ר׳ absolute Genesis 3:15 +, construct Genesis 40:20 +; with suffix רֹאשִׁי v Genesis 3:16 +, etc.; plural *רָאשִׁים (for רְאָשִׁם Noldeke^{GGA 1884, 1019}) Exodus 18:25 +; construct רָאשֵׁי Hosea 7:13 + [מֵרַאֲשֹׁתֵי I Samuel 26:12 see מְרַאֲשׁוֹת below]; with suffix רָאשֵׁינוּ I Chronicles 12:19, רָאשֵׁיכֶם Isaiah 29:10 +, etc.;—

(c. 230 times) head, of human being; man Genesis 40:16, Genesis 40:17 + often, לְר׳ גֶּבֶר Judges 5:30 for the head of a man, that is for each man, per capita; woman II Kings 9:30; Deuteronomy 21:12; Numbers 5:18; Esther 2:17; boy II Kings 4:19^(×2); Genesis 48:14^(×2) +; of י׳, under figuratively of armed man Psalms 60:9 = Psalms 108:9; of idol I Samuel 5:4; of gates, personif. Psalms 24:7, Psalms 24:9.

head, of animals: of serpent Genesis 3:15, dog II Samuel 3:8, ass II Kings 6:25, of הַחַיָּה in Ezekiel 1:22 compare v Ezekiel 1:22, Ezekiel 1:26, of הַכְּרֻבִים Ezekiel 10:1 compare v Ezekiel 10:11; of sea-monsters, לִוְיָתָן Job 40:31 Psalms 74:14, תַּנִּינִים v Ezekiel 10:13; especially of animals for sacrifice Exodus 12:9; Exodus 29:15, Exodus 29:19 Leviticus 1:4, Leviticus 1:8, Leviticus 1:12, Leviticus 1:15; Leviticus 3:2, Leviticus 3:8 + 18 times P; in phr. ר׳ וְזָנָב Isaiah 9:13 (figuratively of noble and commoner) compare v Ezekiel 10:14; Isaiah 19:15, so (figuratively of relative dignity, power, influence) Deuteronomy 28:13, Deuteronomy 28:44.

top (88 times): of mt., הַר, Genesis 8:5; Exodus 19:20^(×2); Exodus 24:17; Exodus 34:2 + 34 times; hill, גִּבְעָה, Exodus 17:9, Exodus 17:10, II Samuel 5:24; ר׳ מְרוֹמִים Proverbs 8:2 + Proverbs 1:21 Toy (for Masoretic Text הֹמִיּוֹת), ר׳ גֵּיא שְׁמָנִים Isaiah 28:1, Isaiah 28:4; of rocks, צֻרִים, Numbers 23:9, crag, סֶלַע, II Chronicles 25:12^(×2); tower Genesis 11:4, stronghold Judges 6:26, ladder Genesis 28:12, tree II Samuel 5:24 = I Chronicles 14:15, bough Isaiah 17:6 compare Ezekiel 17:4, Ezekiel 17:22, mast (?; חִבֵּל) Proverbs 23:34 (otherwise Toy); of ears of grain, שִׁבֹּלֶת Job 24:24, of stone Genesis 28:18, bed, מִטָּה, Genesis 47:31, throne, ר׳ עָגוֹל לַכִּסֵּה I Kings 10:19, tabern., or its wall, Exodus 26:24 = Exodus 36:29; pillar (= capital) I Kings 7:16, I Kings 7:17 + 13 times, מְכוֹנָה v I Kings 7:35^(×2), lampstand Zechariah 4:2^(×2), h.p.’s robe, מְעִיל, Exodus 28:32, ר׳ פִּנָּה Psalms 118:22 top of (the) corner, that is most conspicuous stone (figuratively); = tip, end, of staves I Kings 8:8=II Chronicles 5:9, of sceptre Esther 5:2.

height of stars Job 22:12 (‖ גֹּבַהּ שָׁמַיִם).

head = chief (man) Judges 10:18; Judges 11:8, Judges 11:9, Judges 11:11; Exodus 18:25, Numbers 1:16, Deuteronomy 1:15; Hosea 2:2; Micah 3:1 + often; appar. combined with idea of first in a series I Chronicles 12:10 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:9, series of 11); of God II Chronicles 13:12.

= chief (city) Joshua 11:10, compare (of city and king) Isaiah 7:8^(×2), Isaiah 7:9^(×2).

chief nation Jeremiah 31:7.

= chief (place, position) I Samuel 9:22; I Kings 21:9, I Kings 21:12; Deuteronomy 20:9; I Chronicles 4:42 (compare also 5).

כֹּהֵן הָרֹאשׁ chief priest II Kings 25:18 = Jeremiah 52:24; II Chronicles 19:11; II Chronicles 24:11; II Chronicles 26:20, הַכֹּהֵן רֹאשׁ I Chronicles 27:5, הַכּ׳ הָר׳ II Chronicles 31:10; Ezra 7:5; ר׳ alone II Chronicles 24:6; רָאשֵׁי הַכֹּהֲנִים Nehemiah 12:7.

especially = head of a family (P Chr); רָאשֵׁי בֵּית (rare רֹאשׁ) אֲבוֹתָ(ם) Exodus 6:14; Numbers 7:2; Numbers 17:18; Joshua 22:14; I Chronicles 5:24; I Chronicles 7:7, I Chronicles 7:9; ר׳ בֵּית הָאָבוֹת v I Chronicles 7:40; ר׳ לְבֵית אֲבֹתָיו Numbers 1:4, compare I Chronicles 5:15, I Chronicles 5:24; I Chronicles 7:2; I Chronicles 9:13; I Chronicles 24:4; ר׳ אֻמּוֹת בֵּית־אָב Numbers 25:15; ר׳ אֲבוֹת הָעֵדָה Numbers 31:26 compare Numbers 32:28 Joshua 14:1; Joshua 21:1; ר׳ אֲבוֹת הַלְוִיִּם Exodus 6:25; Joshua 21:1; ר׳ (הָ)אָבוֹת לַלְּוִיִּם I Chronicles 9:33, I Chronicles 9:34; I Chronicles 15:12, compare Numbers 36:1; Joshua 19:51; I Chronicles 8:6, I Chronicles 8:13; I Chronicles 23:9, I Chronicles 23:24 + 10 times Chr.; absolute ר׳ (הָ)אָבוֹת I Chronicles 8:10, I Chronicles 8:28; I Chronicles 9:9; I Chronicles 26:32; I Chronicles 27:1; II Chronicles 1:2 + 8 times Ezr Ne (Chr); ר׳ אֲבֹתֵיהֶם Ezra 8:1; רָאשִׁים לְאָבוֹת Nehemiah 11:13; so also ר׳ alone I Chronicles 5:7, I Chronicles 5:12; I Chronicles 7:3; I Chronicles 8:28 +; appar. combined with idea of first in a series I Chronicles 23:8 (series of 3), v I Chronicles 8:11 (of 4), v I Chronicles 8:19 (of 3), v I Chronicles 8:20 (of 2).

head = front, leader’s place Micah 2:13; II Chronicles 20:27, compare Amos 6:7.

of time, beginning, of night-watch Judges 7:19; Lamentations 2:19; absolute מֵרֹאשׁ from the beginning Isaiah 40:21; Isaiah 41:4, Isaiah 41:26 (‖ מִלְּפָנִים), Isaiah 48:16; Proverbs 8:23 (‖ מֵעוֹלָם), Ecclesiastes 3:11 (‖ עַד־סוֹף); first of months Exodus 12:2 (‖ רִאשׁוֹן), Numbers 10:10; Numbers 28:11 (all P); בָּרֹאשׁ I Chronicles 16:7 at first.

of things, river-heads Genesis 2:10; ר׳ עַפְרוֹת תֵּבֵל Proverbs 8:26.

chief, choicest, best, of spices, בשׂמ(ים), Ezekiel 27:22; Exodus 30:23, Song of Songs 4:14; ר׳ שִׂמְחָתִי Psalms 137:6 the choicest of my joy.

head = division of army, company, band: Judges 7:16, Judges 7:20; Judges 9:34, Judges 9:37, Judges 9:43, Judges 9:44^(×2); I Samuel 11:11; I Samuel 13:17^(×2), I Samuel 13:18^(×2); Job 1:17.

= sum, especially in phr. נָשָׂא אֶת־ר׳ בְּנֵי־יִשׂ׳ Exodus 30:12 take the sum of, enumerate, compare Numbers 1:2, Numbers 1:49; Numbers 4:2, Numbers 4:22; Numbers 26:2; Numbers 31:26, Numbers 31:49; בְּרֹאשׁוֹ Leviticus 5:24 in its sum, that is in full, so Numbers 5:7 (all P); of י׳’s thoughts Psalms 139:17; compare רֹאשׁ דְּבָֽרְךָ אֱמֶת Psalms 119:160. 8. other phr. are: נָשָׂא אֶת־רֹאשׁ פ׳ see נָשָׂא Qal 1 b (2); יָרוּם רֹאשִׁי עַל־אֹיְבַי Psalms 27:6, י׳ מֵרִים רֹאשִׁי Psalms 3:4 (Psalms 110:7; Psalms 140:10 see רום); shake the head, see נוּעַ Hiph., compare יָנִיד בְּרֹאשׁוֹ Jeremiah 8:16, מְנוֹד רֹאשׁ Psalms 44:15; נָתַן דֶּרֶךְ בְּרֹאשׁ, that is requite, see נתן Qal 2 b ad fin.; יָשׁוּב גְּמֻלְךָ בְּר׳ Obadiah 1:15, compare Psalms 7:17 I Kings 2:33 (sub דָּם 2 i), and (c. עַל־ר׳) Esther 9:25, הֵשִׁיב רָעָה בְּרֹאשׁ Judges 9:57; I Samuel 25:39; I Kings 2:44, compare Joel 4:4, Joel 4:7; I Kings 2:32 (sub דָּם 2 i), compare Nehemiah 3:36 (אֶל־רֹאשָׁם), see also II Samuel 3:29 sub I. חוּל 3; see, further, דָּם 2 i; Daniel 1:10 see חוּב Pi.

רִאשׁוֹן

adjective former, first, chief (i heightened from orig. a, see √);—absolute ר׳ Hosea 2:19 +, שֹׁן- Exodus 12:15 +, רִישׁוֹן Job 8:8, construct רִאשׁוֹן Job 15:7 Qr (Kt ראישון, and so always Cod. Sam. Pent., see Konig^{ii. 1. 225 n}); f. רִאשֹׁנָה Judges 20:37 + (Joshua 21:10 Kt ראישנה, see above); mpl. רִאשֹׁנִים Exodus 34:1 +, fpl. רִאשֹׁנוֹת Isaiah 41:22 +, etc.;—

former:

in time, former of two Genesis 25:25, Genesis 41:20, Deuteronomy 10:1, Deuteronomy 10:2, Deuteronomy 10:3, Deuteronomy 10:4, Deuteronomy 10:10; Deuteronomy 24:4, compare Hosea 2:9; Leviticus 4:21; Leviticus 9:15 (both P), Judges 20:39; II Kings 1:14; Haggai 2:3, Haggai 2:9; Ezra 3:12 +; more generally former, previous, Numbers 21:26, Micah 4:8; II Kings 17:34, II Kings 17:40; Zechariah 1:4; Zechariah 7:7, Zechariah 7:12; Zechariah 8:11; Nehemiah 5:15; Ecclesiastes 7:10 Psalms 79:8 +; כָּעֵת הָר׳ Isaiah 8:23; דִּבְרֵי דויד הָר׳ †I Chronicles 29:29 the doings of David, the former and the latter (הָאַחֲרֹנִים), compare †II Chronicles 9:29; II Chronicles 12:15; II Chronicles 16:11; II Chronicles 20:34; II Chronicles 25:26; II Chronicles 26:22; II Chronicles 28:26; II Chronicles 35:27; early days of harvest II Samuel 21:9; רִאשֹׁנִים as noun, former persons, ancestors, men of old, Deuteronomy 19:14; Leviticus 26:45, Ecclesiastes 1:11 (opposite אַחֲרֹנִים); (הָ)רִאשֹׁנוֹת as noun the former things, that is past events Isaiah 41:22; Isaiah 43:9, Isaiah 43:18; Isaiah 46:9; Isaiah 48:3, earlier predictions Isaiah 42:9.

location, foremost, of two II Samuel 18:27.

first:

in time, הַמַּכָּה הָר׳ I Samuel 14:14 the first slaughter (prelim. to general carnage); וְלֹא־הָיָה דְּבָרִי ר׳ II Samuel 19:44 was not my word first? ר׳ in appos. with person subj. †II Samuel 19:21 I am come as first, compare perhaps Isaiah 41:27 (ins. אָמַרְתִּי Gesenius De < read הִגַּדְתִּים for הִנֵּה הִנָּם, Cheyne^Haupt Kittel^Dillmann), and הָר׳ Jeremiah 50:17 (opposite הָאַחֲרוֹן), Isaiah 43:27; ר׳ absolute, first of mankind Job 15:17; absolute of י׳, I (am the) first Isaiah 41:4 (+ אֶת־ אַחֲרֹנִים), + אַחֲרוֹן Isaiah 44:6; Isaiah 48:12; absolute of time, מֵרִאשׁוֹן Jeremiah 17:12 from the beginning; especially first of a def. series (sometimes opposite אַחֲרוֹן), first day of feast Deuteronomy 16:4; Exodus 12:15^(×2), Exodus 12:16 + 5 times P, Nehemiah 8:18; usually first month (חֹדֶשׁ) Exodus 40:2, Exodus 40:17; Leviticus 23:5 + 6 times P, I Chronicles 12:16 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:15) + 10 times Ch Ezr, Esther 3:7; Daniel 10:4, חֹדֶשׁ om. Genesis 8:13; Exodus 12:2, Exodus 12:18; Numbers 9:5 (all P) Ezekiel 29:17; Ezekiel 30:20; Ezekiel 45:18, Ezekiel 45:21, so Joel 2:23, but read כָּרִאשׁוֹנָה (3 a) Septuagint Peshitta Wellhausen Nowack and Driver.

first in degree, chief: יַד הַשָּׁרִים … רִאשׁוֹנָה Ezra 9:2 the hand of the princes … has been first in this trespass; I Chronicles 18:17; Daniel 10:13 (compare Esther 1:14 below).

feminine c. preposition as adverb; phr.: (1) of time, בָּרִאשֹׁנָה Genesis 13:4, = before, formerly, so Joshua 8:5, Joshua 8:6, II Samuel 7:10; II Samuel 20:18; Jeremiah 7:12; Isaiah 52:4, לָר׳ = before, formerly, Genesis 28:19, Judges 18:29; so כְּבָר׳ as formerly Judges 20:32; I Kings 13:6; Isaiah 1:26; Jeremiah 33:7, Jeremiah 33:11, = כָּר׳ Deuteronomy 9:15; Daniel 11:29 (opposite כָּאַחֲרוֹנָה); בָּר׳ = at first, first of all, Deuteronomy 13:10; Deuteronomy 17:7 Numbers 10:13 Joshua 8:33, I Kings 17:13; I Kings 20:9; Zechariah 12:7; Proverbs 20:21 (opposite אַחֲרִיתָהּ), I Chronicles 11:6^(×2); I Chronicles 17:9; Nehemiah 7:5; לְמַבָּרִאשׁוֹנָה I Chronicles 15:13 (= לְמַה־בָּר׳) for what was at first, etc. (מָה 1 e); (2) location, בָּר׳, that is at the head of an army I Kings 20:17, a procession Numbers 10:14, compare Isaiah 60:9.

רִאשֹׁנָה alone as adverb: (1) of time, first Genesis 38:28, I Kings 18:25; Jeremiah 16:18; Leviticus 5:8; Numbers 2:9; Joshua 21:10 (all P), Isaiah 65:7 (Ewald De Cheyne Dillmann Duhm Skinner, > adjective Gesenius Hitzig Kn); (2) of place Genesis 33:2; (3) of degree, rank, Esther 1:14.

רֵאשִׁית

noun (fem.) beginning, chief (for רְאֵשִׁית Noldeke^{GGA 1884, 1019}, compare Holz^{Hex 465}; Syriac ܪܺܝܫܺܝܬܳܐ );—absolute ר׳ Deuteronomy 33:21 +, construct ר׳ Genesis 10:10 +, רֵשִׁית Deuteronomy 11:12; with suffix רֵאשִׁיתוֹ Ecclesiastes 7:8, רֵאשִׁתוֹ Job 42:12, etc.;—

beginning, of kingdom Genesis 10:10, year Deuteronomy 11:12, reign Jeremiah 26:1; Jeremiah 27:1; Jeremiah 28:1; Jeremiah 49:34; = first phase, step, or element in course of events Isaiah 46:10 (opposite אַחֲרִית); of a thing (דָּבָר) Ecclesiastes 7:8 (opposite the same); of sin Micah 1:13, strife Proverbs 17:14, wisdom Psalms 111:10, knowledge Proverbs 1:7; thy beginning Job 8:7 = thine early life, so his beginning Job 42:12 (both opposite אַחֲרִית); ר׳ before cl., בְּר׳ בָּרָא א׳ Genesis 1:1 in the beginning when God created (> absolute in the beginning God created); ר׳ אֹנִי Genesis 49:3 (poem) beginning (first product) of my manly vigour (‖ בְּכֹרִי, כֹּחִי), so Deuteronomy 21:17 Psalms 78:51 (both ‖ בְּכוֹר), Psalms 105:36; compare ר׳ דַּרְכֵי אֵל Job 40:19 (of hippopot.), ר׳ דַּרְכּוֹ Proverbs 8:22 (of wisdom); = first season (of a tree) Hosea 9:10; ר׳ גּוֹיִם Numbers 24:20, first, earliest, of nations.

first of fruits Exodus 23:19, Exodus 34:26, Deuteronomy 26:2, Deuteronomy 26:10; Ezekiel 44:30, of harvest Leviticus 23:10, grain Deuteronomy 18:4; II Chronicles 31:5, dough Numbers 15:20, Numbers 15:21, Ezekiel 44:30; Nehemiah 10:38, wool Deuteronomy 18:4; of כָּל־תְּבוּאָחֶ֑ךָ Proverbs 3:9; Israel is ר׳ תְּבוּאָתֹה Jeremiah 2:3 (that is of י׳’s increase); ר׳ = first-fruits Leviticus 2:12, Numbers 18:12, Nehemiah 12:44; ר׳ הָאָרֶץ Ezekiel 48:14.

first, chief, Amos 6:1; ר׳ גְּבוּרָתָם Jeremiah 49:35 (of bows); so appar. ר׳ בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן Daniel 11:41, that is the principal part of them (Buhl Marti conjunction שְׁאֵרִית, after Peshitta); ר׳ מַשְׂאוֹתֵיכֶם Ezekiel 20:40, that is your chief oblations; ר׳ שְׁמָנִים Amos 6:6, that is choice oils; = choice part, of land Deuteronomy 33:21, offering I Samuel 2:29, הַחֵרֶם I Samuel 15:21; absolute chief thing Proverbs 4:7 (of wisdom).

רֹאשׁ²

and (†Deuteronomy 32:32) רוֹשׁ noun (masc.) ^{Deuteronomy 32:33} a bitter and poisonous herb, then venom, always figuratively;—

a bitter and poisonous herb, + (or ‖) לַעֲנָה Deuteronomy 29:17; Lamentations 3:19, so (מֵי רֹאשׁ) Jeremiah 9:14; Jeremiah 23:15; מֵי ר׳ (without ל׳) Jeremiah 8:14; עִנְּבֵי־רוֹשׁ Deuteronomy 32:32 (‖ מְרֹרֹת); רֹאשׁ וּתְלָאָה Lamentations 3:5; ר׳ alone Psalms 69:22; וּפָרַח כָּרֹאשׁ מִשְׁפָּט Hosea 10:4, הֲפַכְתֶּם לְר׳ מִשְׁפָּט Amos 6:12.

venom, of serpents, ר׳ פְּתָנִים Deuteronomy 32:33; Job 20:16.

רֹאשׁ³

noun (masc.) son of Benj.;—Genesis 46:21, Ρως.

רֹאשׁ⁴

n.pr.gent. Rôsh (so Septuagint and most; > chief Ewald Smend al. (Vulgate principem capitis) Mosoch);—only in phr. נְשִׂיא רֹאשׁ (אֶרֶץ מָגוֹג) גּוֹג מֶשֶׁךְ וְתֻבָ֑ל Ezekiel 38:2, Ezekiel 38:3; Ezekiel 39:1, Ρως; not identified.

רַב

רַב²

see II. רבב.

רָבַב

verb be or become, many, much (Mishnaic Hebrew רַב especially lord, master, רַבִּי my master, teacher; MI⁵ adjective plural רבן; Phoenician רב, f. רבת; Assyrian [rabâbu], rabbu; Arabic رَبَّ rear, increase (active; رُبٌ thick juice, compare Mishnaic Hebrew רְבָב grease, is thought by Buhl al. to indicate original meaning be thick), رَبٌّ lord, owner, master; Sab. רב especially in n.pr., רבאל, רבבם, רבשמסם, etc., CIS^{iv, nos. 285, 3; 286, 1; 287, 12}, etc.; Liḥy. רבה its lord DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. Ar. 232}; Ethiopic ረበበ: expand, spread (intrans.); Aramaic רַב, ܪܒ great, chief, so Old Aramaic Nab. Palmyrene רב, Lidzbarski³⁶⁶ Cook¹⁰⁷);—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular consec. וְרַבָּה Exodus 23:29; Isaiah 6:12, רָ֑בָּה Genesis 18:20 (Hosea 9:7 read וְרֹב הַמַּשְׂטֵמָה [for Masoretic Text וְרַבָּה מ׳] Septuagint Wellhausen Nowack); elsewhere only 3rd plural רַבּוּ I Samuel 25:10 +, רָ֑בּוּ Jeremiah 46:23 + 2 times [other forms supplied by רבה q.see]; infinitive (מקור) construct רֹב Genesis 6:1; Joshua 9:13; Leviticus 25:16 (‖ מְעֹט), with suffix רֻבְּכֶם Deuteronomy 7:7, and perhaps רֻבָּם Hosea 4:7 (compare רֹב below);—

be (become) many, person Genesis 6:1 Exodus 23:29 (E; see above), I Samuel 25:10; Hosea 4:7 (perhaps), Isaiah 66:16 Psalms 3:2; Psalms 25:19; Psalms 38:20; Ecclesiastes 5:10, + מִן comp. Jeremiah 46:23; Deuteronomy 7:7 Psalms 69:5; of things Isaiah 22:9 Psalms 4:8; Psalms 104:24, years Leviticus 25:16, sins Jeremiah 5:6; Jeremiah 14:7; Isaiah 59:12; Job 35:6.

become great, Genesis 18:20, Isaiah 6:12; be long, of journey, Joshua 9:13.—

see [רָבַב] denom.*

רַב³

adjective much, many, great;—ms. absolute ר׳ Genesis 24:25 +, רָ֑ב Genesis 33:9 +, also רָב֥ II Chronicles 20:2, רָב֖ II Chronicles 28:8, רָב֨ Ezra 10:13, etc.; construct רַב Exodus 34:6 +; fs. רַבָּה Numbers 11:33 +; construct רַבַּת Ezekiel 22:5 +, רַבָּ֫תִי (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 90 k l) Lamentations 1:1^(×2); mpl. absolute רַבִּים Exodus 23:2^(×2) +, construct see ii. רב; fpl. absolute רַבּוֹת Genesis 30:43 +;—[often both as pred. and as attrib.; as attrib. preceding n. (infl. of usage for numerals? Konig^{Synt. § 334 k} Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 132b): רַב Isaiah 63:7 Psalms 145:7 (but read probably רֹב, רָב־; in Isaiah 21:7 ר׳ is pred.), רַבִּים Jeremiah 16:16 Psalms 32:10; Psalms 89:51 (on context Böttcher^NÄ Bae, also Hup), Proverbs 7:26 I Chronicles 28:5, רַבּוֹת Nehemiah 9:28 Proverbs 31:29];—

(often opposite מְעַט)

(1) much: of substances, gold I Kings 10:2 Psalms 19:11, silver (money) II Kings 12:11 = II Chronicles 24:11, bronze I Chronicles 18:8, wine Esther 1:7; of other quantities, for example spoil II Samuel 3:22, property II Chronicles 32:29, seed Deuteronomy 28:38, etc.; רַב שֶׁיִּהְיוּ Ecclesiastes 6:3 be it much that his days amount to; (2) especially of collectives, numerous, עַם־רַב Joshua 11:4 II Samuel 13:34, עֲבֻדָּה רַבָּה Genesis 26:14 Job 1:3, מִקְנֶה רַב Deuteronomy 3:19 +, etc.

plural many: person Exodus 5:5; Judges 8:30; Judges 9:40; I Kings 4:20; I Kings 11:1 +, things Genesis 30:43 Amos 5:12 Deuteronomy 31:17 +; n. om. רַבּוֹת Daniel 11:41 (sc. lands; read רִבּוֹת myriads Kmp Bev Behrm Marti Prince); יָמִים רַבִּים many days (a long time) Genesis 21:34; Genesis 37:24 + 28 times, שָׁנִים רַבּוֹת Nehemiah 9:30; Ecclesiastes 6:3, אִם עוֹד רַבּוֹת בַּשָּׁנִים Leviticus 25:51; רַבּוֹת עִתִּים Nehemiah 9:28 many times (see above) = פְּעָמִים רַבּוֹת Psalms 106:43 Ecclesiastes 7:22; מַכָּה רַבָּה Deuteronomy 25:3 many blows; מַיִם רַבִּים many waters Numbers 20:11; Numbers 24:7 + 27 times, compare Isaiah 8:7; etc.

רַב as noun coll. person Exodus 19:21, also (opposite מְעַט) I Samuel 14:6; Numbers 13:18; Numbers 26:54, Numbers 26:56; Numbers 33:54; Numbers 35:8; so רַבַּת (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 130a) II Chronicles 30:17, II Chronicles 30:18, and (rei; = much) Ezekiel 24:12; רַב construct before abstr. (= רֹב) Isaiah 21:7; Isaiah 63:7 Psalms 145:7; especially plural רֵבִּים of person Exodus 23:2^(×2) + 37 times + בַּת־רַבִּים Song of Songs 7:5 (see p. 123).

construct = abounding in, רַב־בְּרָכוֹת Proverbs 28:20, רַב־חֶסֶד (see 1. חֶסֶד 3), רַב־כֹּחַ Psalms 147:5, רַב־מְאֵרוֹת Proverbs 28:27, רַב הַמְּהוּמָה Ezekiel 22:5, רַב־נוֹצָה Ezekiel 17:7, רַב־הָעֲלִילִיָּה Jeremiah 32:19, רַב־פְּעָלִים II Samuel 23:20 = I Chronicles 11:22, רַב־פָּ֑שַׁע Proverbs 29:22, רַב־תְּבוּנָה Proverbs 14:29; רַבַּת אוֹצָרֹת Jeremiah 51:13, רַבַּת בָּנִים I Samuel 2:5, רַבָּ֫תִי עָם Lamentations 1:1 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 90 1).

+ מִן comp. = more numerous than Exodus 1:9; Numbers 22:15; Joshua 10:11; Judges 16:30; II Kings 6:16; Isaiah 54:1; I Chronicles 24:4; II Chronicles 32:7; Daniel 11:13; followed by inf., too many to Genesis 36:7; Judges 7:2 (compare v Judges 7:4); vid. also following

רַב = abundant, enough Genesis 24:25; Genesis 33:9; as exclam. enough! Genesis 45:28; II Samuel 24:16 = I Chronicles 21:15; I Kings 19:4, so (+ מִן inf.) Exodus 9:28 (מִן 6 d); רַב־לָךְ (with implication of excess) Deuteronomy 3:26 (let it) suffice thee! so רַב־לָכֶם Ezekiel 45:9, also Numbers 16:3, Numbers 16:7 = ye assume too much! + inf. it is enough for you to Deuteronomy 1:6; Deuteronomy 2:3 (that is you have done it enough), so + מִן inf. I Kings 12:28, מִן noun Ezekiel 44:6.

as adverb much, exceedingly (only ψψ), רַב Psalms 123:3, רָ֜ב Psalms 18:15 (Hup De Cheyne al.; HPS II Samuel 22:15 conjunction רָמָה; om. ‖ II Samuel 22:15); רַבָּה Psalms 62:3; Psalms 78:15; Psalms 89:8 (Septuagint Bae רַב הוּא); רַבַּת (Aramaism, compare Syriac ܪܶܒܰܬ, ܪܰܒܰܬ, Nöldeke's Syriac Grammar § 155 A W^{SG 135}) Psalms 65:10; Psalms 120:6 (= long enough), Psalms 123:4; Psalms 129:1, Psalms 120:2.

great:

of person Psalms 48:3, space I Samuel 26:13, the deep Amos 7:4 Genesis 7:11 Isaiah 51:10 Psalms 36:7 (figuratively), city Lamentations 1:1 (רַבָּ֫תִי בַגּוֹיִם Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 90 1),—see also צִידוֹן, חֲמָת;—plague Numbers 11:33, empire Esther 1:20, goodness Psalms 31:20, wickedness Genesis 6:5, etc.

specif. strong (opposite אֵין כֹּחַ) II Chronicles 14:10; רַב לְהוֹשִׁיעַ Isaiah 63:1; so רַבִּים as noun Isaiah 53:12 (‖ עֲצוּמִים).

major natu Genesis 25:23 (opposite צָעִיר); רַבִּים as noun grandævi, Job 32:9.

+ מִן comp. greater than Deuteronomy 7:1, Deuteronomy 7:17; Deuteronomy 9:14; Deuteronomy 20:1; too great for Joshua 19:9; I Kings 19:7.—Proverbs 26:10 is hopelessly corrupt, see Toy.

רַב⁴

noun (masc.) chief (Assyrian-Bab. influence, compare rab Delitzsch^{HWB 609b}; Biblical Aramaic רַב);—construct ר׳ Jeremiah 39:9 +; plural construct רַבֵּי Jeremiah 39:13; Jeremiah 41:1 (but see below);—especially רַב־ טַבָּחִים chief of guardsmen (see טַבָּח), only as title of Bab. officer Jeremiah 39:9, Jeremiah 39:10 + 15 times Je, 7 times ‖ II Kings 25 (compare שַׂר הַטּ׳ in Gn [JE]); also †רַב הַחֹבֵל Jonah 1:6 chief of the sailors, that is captain; †in generally כָּל־רַב בֵּיתוֹ Esther 1:8, †רַב־סָרִיסָיו Daniel 1:3 (see סָרִיס), and so רַבֵּי מֶלֶךְ בָּבֶל Jeremiah 39:13, רַבֵּי הַמֶּלֶךְ Jeremiah 41:1 (late gloss; om. Septuagint and ‖ II Kings 25:25, so Hitzig Gf Gie). †The following titles of Assyrian-Bab. officers are probably loan-words in Hebrew: רַב־מָ֑ג Jeremiah 39:3, Jeremiah 39:13 usually chief soothsayer (see מָ֑ג), but = rab-mugi [? chief of princes] Pinches ^{Hast. DB. Rab-mag}; רַב־סָרִיס (compare Old Aramaic [Nineveh] רב סרס Lidzbarski³⁶⁶), II Kings 18:17 (Assyrian; not in ‖ Isaiah 36:2), Jeremiah 39:3, Jeremiah 39:13 (Bab.), usually chief eunuch, but = rabû-ša-rêši, chief of the heads (the principal men) Winckler ^{Unters. z. altor. Gesch., 1889, Excurs. v, p. 138} (actually found as rubû-ša-ri-ešu Pinches^{Acad. June 25, 1892, 618}), Pinches^{Hast. DB. Rab-saris}; רַב־שָׁקֵה (van d. H. רַבְשָׁקֵה) chief of the officers (?) (so probably Assyrian rab- ŠAḲ; šaḳû = high one; COT II Kings 18:17 KB^{ii. 23} Delitzsch^{HWB 685a} Tiele^{Bab.-Assyrian Gesch. 497. 513} Pinches^{Hast. DB. iv. 191}), II Kings 18:17, II Kings 18:19, II Kings 18:26, II Kings 18:27, II Kings 18:28, II Kings 18:37; II Kings 19:4, II Kings 19:8 = Isaiah 36:2, Isaiah 36:4, Isaiah 36:11, Isaiah 36:12, Isaiah 36:13, Isaiah 36:22; Isaiah 37:4, Isaiah 37:8.

רַבָּה

n.pr.location Rabba (proposes great or populous, sc. city);—

capital of Ammonites: explicitly, רַבַּת בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן II Samuel 12:26, II Samuel 12:27; II Samuel 17:27; Deuteronomy 3:11; Jeremiah 49:2; Ezekiel 21:25; רַבָּה alone II Samuel 11:1 ‖ I Chronicles 20:1^(×2), Amos 1:14; Jeremiah 49:3; Ezekiel 25:5; Joshua 13:25; c. ה location רַבָּ֑תָה II Samuel 12:29; in Gk. period Philadelphia, Lagarde^{Onom. 215, 94; 219, 82} (but Ραββαταμανα Polyb see 71:4), mod. ʿAmmân, 13½ m. NE. from Heshbon, 28½ m. E. of Jordan; compare Buhl^{Geogr. 260};—Septuagint Ραββαθ, Ραββα.

הָרַבָּה, city in Judah Joshua 15:60, site unknown;—Septuagint Σωθηβα, A SeptuagintL Αρεββα.

רֹב

noun (masc.) Job 11:2 multitude, abundance, greatness;—absolute ר׳ Genesis 16:10 +, רוֹב I Chronicles 4:38; II Chronicles 31:10 + Job 33:19 Qr (Kt ריב); construct רֹב Exodus 15:7 + (רֹב־ Job 37:23 Baer Gi), רָב־ Job 23:6 +; II Kings 19:23 and plural construct רֻבֵּי Hosea 8:12 see below;—

multitude (c. 125 times): of person Hosea 10:13; Proverbs 14:28; Proverbs 20:6; Esther 10:3 +; of things Isaiah 1:11; Isaiah 47:12; Ezekiel 27:18; Leviticus 27:16; Proverbs 10:19; Job 11:2 +; = great quantity, abundance Genesis 27:28; Hosea 9:7 + often (II Kings 19:23 Qr [= Isaiah 37:24 Kt], > Kt רכב; II Chronicles 24:27 Kt ורב, > Qr יִרֶב), + (of time) רֹב שָׁנִים Job 32:8 (Gi; v Job 32:7 van d. H., Baer), בְּרֹב יָמִים Ecclesiastes 11:1; = whole number (of bones) Job 4:14; Job 33:19 (Qr; Kt ריב); especially לָרֹב in respect of, for, multitude, in sim., like sand, stars, etc., Joshua 11:4, I Samuel 13:5; II Samuel 17:11 + 10 times; = abundantly, c. verb (= הַרְבֵּה) Genesis 30:30, Genesis 48:16, I Kings 1:19, I Kings 1:25; I Kings 10:10; usually late Nehemiah 9:25; Job 26:3; Zechariah 14:14; I Chronicles 4:38; II Chronicles 9:9 (‖ הַרְבֵּה I Kings 10:10) + 23 times Ch; as pred. c. הָיָה I Chronicles 22:14; = in great numbers, II Chronicles 30:5, II Chronicles 30:24; nearly = adjective (c. noun; = רַב) II Chronicles 9:1 (‖ רַב I Kings 10:2), II Chronicles 16:8; II Chronicles 24:24; II Chronicles 30:13; מֵרֹב from multitude of, Deuteronomy 7:7; Deuteronomy 28:47 + 14 times; absolute from (for) mult. I Kings 7:47; Genesis 16:10; Genesis 32:13, I Kings 3:8; I Kings 8:5 = II Chronicles 5:6.

greatness (c. 26 times): מֵר׳ שִׂיחִי I Samuel 1:16, רֹב חַסְדֶּ֑ךָ Nehemiah 13:22 Psalms 5:8; Psalms 69:14, compare Psalms 106:45, ר׳ כֹּחַ Isaiah 63:1; Job 23:6; Job 30:18 Psalms 33:16, etc.; read רֹב probably also (for רַב) Isaiah 63:7 Psalms 145:7; = length of journey (compare verb Joshua 9:13) בְּרֹב דַּרְכֵּךְ Isaiah 57:10; Hosea 8:12 Qr רֻבֵּי תוֹרָתִי = greatnesses [great things], or numerous things, of my law, but form dubious, read perhaps רֹב תּוֹרֹתַי (sub 1), so Wellhausen (compare Septuagint); Gratz al. דִּבְרֵי; > Kt רבו, see רִבּוֹ.—Leviticus 25:16; Deuteronomy 7:7; Hosea 4:7, see √.

רְבָבָה

n. f. multitude, myriad, ten thousand (Konig^{ii. 1, 221});—absolute ר׳ Genesis 24:60 +; with suffix רִבְבָתוֹ Kt I Samuel 18:7 + 2 times (Qr רִבְבֹתָיו); plural absolute רְבָבוֹת I Samuel 18:8; construct רִֽבְבוֹת Micah 6:7 +, רִֽבֲבוֹת Deuteronomy 33:17; with suffix see above Qr;—myriad, 10,000: of great number of person, indef. Genesis 24:60 (J; אַלְפֵי רְבָבָה thousands of myriads), Deuteronomy 33:2 (poem; מֵרִבְבוֹת קֹדֶשׁ, but see קֹדֶשׁ, ad fin.), Psalms 3:7 Song of Songs 5:10; רִֽבְבוֹת אַלְפֵי יִשׂ׳ Numbers 10:36, compare Deuteronomy 33:17 (poem);—רְבָבָה Ezekiel 16:7 read רְבִי Septuagint Co Berthol Krae;—more precisely: (100, 1000), 10,000, Judges 20:10; opposite 2, Deuteronomy 32:30 (poem), opposite 100, Leviticus 26:8, opposite 1000, I Samuel 18:7, I Samuel 18:8; I Samuel 21:12; I Samuel 29:5 Psalms 91:7; so of things, Micah 6:7.

רִבּוֹ

noun (fem.) ^{Ezra 2:64} ten thousand, myriad (later (Aramaizing) synonym of foregoing; perhaps for Aramaic רִבּוּ(ת), Konig^{ii. 1, 221 f.}, but Palmyrene רבו Lidzbarski ³⁶⁷);—absolute רִבּוֹ I Chronicles 29:7^(×2); Jonah 4:11 (? construct), + construct Hosea 8:12 Kt (see below); רִבּוֹא Ezra 2:64 = Nehemiah 7:65; Nehemiah 7:70 (van d. H. v Nehemiah 7:71); dual רִבֹּתַיִם Psalms 68:18; plural רִבּוֹת Nehemiah 7:69 (van d. H. v Nehemiah 7:70), רִבֹּאוֹת Ezra 2:69; Daniel 11:12;—ten thousand; of person, 4 × 10,000 + 2000 + 3 × 100 + 60 Ezra 2:64 = Nehemiah 7:65; Nehemiah 7:12 × 10,000 + n. Jonah 4:11; indef. Daniel 11:12 he shall cast down myriads; read רִבּוֹת also v Daniel 11:41 (for Masoretic Text רַבּוֹת) Kmp Bev Behrm Marti Prince; of things, especially units of value, n. + 10,000 I Chronicles 29:7, n. + 6 × 10,000 + 1000 Ezra 2:69 ‖ n. + 2 × 10,000 Nehemiah 7:69, Nehemiah 7:70 (see above); 10,000 + 8 × 1000 + n. I Chronicles 29:7; indef. רֶכֶב אֱלֹהִים רִבֹּתַיִם Psalms 68:18 (‖ אלפים);—רִבּוֹ תוֹרָתִי Hosea 8:12 (Kt; 10,000 [precepts] of my instruction) would be only early instance, see רֹב.

רָבַב²

Pu.denom. from preceding:—participle (בינוני) fpl. מְרֻבָּבוֹת Psalms 144:13 multiplied ten thousand-fold.

רָבַב³

verb shoot;—

past (עבר) 3rd plural וָרֹ֑בּוּ (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67 m) Genesis 49:23 absolute (בַּעֲלֵי חִצִּים in ‖ l.; Sam. וַיְרִיבֻהוּ, so perhaps Septuagint ἐλοιδόρουν).—רָ֜ב Psalms 18:15 (חִצָּיו in ‖ l.), see i. רַב 1 g.

רַב⁵

noun (masc.) archer;—s. רַב Proverbs 26:10, plural רַבִּים Jeremiah 50:29 (‖ דֹּרְכֵי קֶשֶׁת), with suffix רַבָּיו Job 16:13 (in figuratively; Böttcher al. רֹבָיו; Vrss. Ewald al. his missiles).

רָבִיד

n.[m.] chain, ornament for neck;—absolute ר׳ Ezekiel 16:11; construct רְבִד הַזָּהָב Genesis 41:42.

רָבָה

verb be, or become, much, many, great (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Assyrian rabû, be great, grow; Arabic رَبَا, Aramaic רְבָא; ܪܒܳܐ, ܪܒܺܝ, all grow, increase);—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular רָֽבְתָה I Samuel 14:30; 2nd masculine singular וְרָבִ֫יתָ consec. Deuteronomy 30:16; 3rd plural רָבוּ Ezra 9:6 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִרְבֶּה Deuteronomy 8:13 +, juss. יִ֫רֶב Genesis 1:22 + II Chronicles 24:27 Qr (< ורב Kt, see רֹב 1), וַיִּ֫רֶב Exodus 1:20; 3rd feminine singular תִּרְבֶּה Deuteronomy 7:22; Daniel 12:4, וַתֵּ֫רֶב Genesis 43:34; I Kings 5:10; 3rd masculine plural יִרְבּוּ Deuteronomy 11:31 +, יִרְבּוּן Psalms 139:18, יִרְבְּיֻן Deuteronomy 8:13, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. וּרְבֵה Genesis 35:11; infinitive (מקור) construct רְבוֹת Exodus 11:9 +;—participle (בינוני) רֹבֶה see II. רבה;—

become many, numerous:

of a people, Exodus 1:10, Exodus 1:12, v Exodus 1:20, Deuteronomy 6:3; Deuteronomy 8:1; Deuteronomy 30:16 Zechariah 10:8; I Chronicles 5:23; רָבוּ לְמָ֑עְלָה I Chronicles 23:17; especially + פרה be fruitful and multiply Jeremiah 3:16; Jeremiah 23:3 (figuratively of flock), Genesis 47:27, Exodus 1:7, Psalms 107:38, also (of man and beast) Ezekiel 36:11; of children Job 27:14; צַדִּיקִים Proverbs 28:28, בִּרְבוֹת צ׳ Proverbs 29:2 (Toy רְדוֹת rule, ‖ מְשֹׁל), בר׳ רְשַׁעִים v Proverbs 29:16 (Toy the same).

of animals Deuteronomy 7:22 (+ עַל person), Deuteronomy 8:13 I Chronicles 5:9; + פרה Genesis 1:22 Genesis 8:17 (both P; compare Ezekiel 36:11 above).

of things Deuteronomy 8:13^(×2); Ezekiel 31:5; Exodus 11:9, Ecclesiastes 5:10; of sins Ezra 9:6 (+ לְמַ֫עְלָה), Proverbs 29:16; + מִן comp. Psalms 16:4; Psalms 139:18; of days Genesis 38:12, Deuteronomy 11:21; I Samuel 7:2; Proverbs 9:11, years of life Proverbs 4:10; of waters Genesis 7:17, v Genesis 7:18.

be great: (1) of things, Genesis 43:34 (J; + מִן comp.), I Samuel 14:30; of way = be long Deuteronomy 19:6 and (מִן comp. person) Deuteronomy 14:24 be too long for; of wisdom I Kings 5:10 (מִן comp.). (2) of person, יִרְבֶּה אֱלֹהִים מֵאֱנוֹשׁ Job 33:12 that is is too great for (De al.); has loftier, nobler thoughts (Dillmann Budde), but no ‖.

grow great (Aramaism): (1) of person, = grow up Ezekiel 16:7 (+ גָּדַל), Job 39:4. (2) of glory Psalms 49:17, knowledge Daniel 12:4.—II Chronicles 24:27 see above

make large, increase;—imperative (ציווי) ms. רַבֶּה צְבָאֲךָ Judges 9:29 enlarge thy host; past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular רִבִּיתָ בִּמְחִירֵיהֶם Psalms 44:13 thou hast not made great with their price (set a high price; so Ewald De Cheyne al.); or increased (sc. thy wealth) by their price (Hup Bae); = bring up, rear (children) Lamentations 2:22 (+ טפּח), whelps Ezekiel 19:2 (in figuratively).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִרְבָּה Hosea 8:11 +, with suffix וְהִרְבְּךָ consec. Deuteronomy 30:5; 2nd masculine singular הִרְבִּיתָ Isaiah 9:2 +, 1st singular הִרְבֵּיתִי Hosea 2:10 +, etc.; future (עתיד) יַרְבֶּה Hosea 12:2 +, וַ֫יֶּרֶב II Samuel 18:8; Lamentations 2:5, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. הַרְבֵּה Ezekiel 24:10, הֶ֫רֶב Judges 20:38 + Psalms 51:4 Qr (הרבה Kt, infinitive (מקור) absolute), etc.; fs. הַרְבִּי Isaiah 23:16, mpl. הַרְבּוּ Amos 4:4; Genesis 34:12; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַרְבֵּה Genesis 15:1 +, הַרְבָּה (Barth^{NB 90, 91}) Genesis 3:16; Genesis 16:10; Genesis 22:17; construct הַרְבוֹת Deuteronomy 28:63 + (II Samuel 14:11 Kt הרבית; Amos 4:9; Proverbs 25:27 see below); participle (בינוני) מַרְבֶּה Exodus 16:17 +, construct מַרְבֵּה Leviticus 11:42, etc.;—

make much, or many:

obj. person (or a people), multiply, increase Genesis 16:10; Genesis 17:20; Isaiah 9:2 +; Ezekiel 36:10 (+ עַל person), v Ezekiel 36:11 (man and beast; + the same); Deuteronomy 30:5 (+ מִן comp. person); + פרה Hiph. Genesis 28:3; Genesis 48:4 (both P); הִרְבָּה כּוֹשֵׁל Jeremiah 46:16 = he made many stumble; = have many I Chronicles 7:4; I Chronicles 8:40; I Chronicles 23:11.

obj. animals Deuteronomy 17:16^(×2) (compare Ezekiel 36:11 above).

obj. things Hosea 2:10; Hosea 8:11, Hosea 8:14 Genesis 3:16 +; הַרְבּוּ עָלַי מְאֹד מֹהַר וּמַתָּן Genesis 34:12; opposite הִמְעִיט Leviticus 26:16; Numbers 26:54; Numbers 33:54; obj. words Ecclesiastes 10:14 (see Job 34:37 sub 2), compare Isaiah 1:15; Job 40:27, הַרְבִּי־שִׁיר Isaiah 23:16; obj. days Job 29:18 (like sand); = use many (medicines) Jeremiah 46:11; have many (feet) Leviticus 11:42; bring abundantly II Chronicles 31:5; yield abundantly Nehemiah 9:37; c. ל of obj. Hosea 10:1 (ל 3 a); obj. om. Habakkuk 2:6; Proverbs 22:16, also (opposite מעט [usually Hiph.]) Exodus 16:17, Exodus 16:18; Exodus 30:15; Numbers 35:8 (all P), Proverbs 13:11.

(1) followed by inf., make much to do, do much in respect of, = do much, abundantly, greatly, often, etc. (Driver I Samuel 1:12): הַרְבּוּ לִפִשֹׁעַ Amos 4:4 = transgress greatly, so Ezra 10:13, compare II Kings 21:6 = II Chronicles 33:6; further, Isaiah 55:7; Exodus 36:5; II Chronicles 36:14 Psalms 78:38, also II Samuel 14:11 (Kt מהרבית, Qr מֵהַרְבַּת, read probably מֵהַרְבּוֹת Driver^reff. Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 75 ff. Th-Löhr); + מִן comp. II Samuel 18:8; I Samuel 1:12 = pray a long time; Judges 20:38 del. הֶרֶב as dittogr. of הארב Be Budde GFM. (2) followed by verb fin. (Driver^Smend Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 120 g), אַל־תַּרְבּוּ תְדַבְּרוּ I Samuel 2:3 that is talk not so much; compare Psalms 51:4.

the infinitive (מקור) absolute (Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 191 b Konig^{ii. 1, 555} Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 75 ff.) is used: (1) הַרְבָּה אַרְבֶּה I will greatly increase Genesis 3:16; Genesis 16:10; Genesis 22:17 (all J; Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 113 n); (2) וְדַרְבֵּה carrying on inf. construct Ezekiel 21:20; (3) הַרְבֵּה as adverb (c. vbs. and [Ecclesiastes 7:16] adjective), greatly, exceedingly, etc., especially ה׳ מְאֹד Genesis 41:49, I Samuel 26:21 II Samuel 12:30 = I Chronicles 20:2, Joshua 13:1, II Kings 21:16 Nehemiah 2:2; perhaps also I Kings 5:9; I Kings 10:10 (both c. נָתַן), v I Kings 10:11 (c. הֵבִיא), Jeremiah 40:12 (c. אָסַף), II Chronicles 14:12 (c. נָשָׂא); הַרְבֵּה alone II Kings 10:18 (opposite מְעָ֑ט), Nehemiah 3:33 Ecclesiastes 1:16; Ecclesiastes 5:19; Ecclesiastes 7:16, Ecclesiastes 7:17 Psalms 51:4 Kt (Qr הֶרֶב imperative (ציווי)); (4) as adjective attrib. (Konig^{Synt. § 318 e}), ה׳ מְאֹד Deuteronomy 3:5; Joshua 22:8 (D; ‖ רַב־מְאֹד), II Samuel 8:8 (רַבָּה מְאֹד in ‖ I Chronicles 18:8), II Samuel 12:2 Isaiah 30:33; II Chronicles 32:27; so דַרְבֵּה alone Nehemiah 4:4, Nehemiah 4:13 (+ רְחָבָה), Ezra 10:1 (preceding n., compare i. רַב). Ecclesiastes 2:7; Ecclesiastes 5:6, Ecclesiastes 5:16 (reading כעס as n., Ewald De Hitzig-Nowack al.), Ecclesiastes 6:11; Ecclesiastes 9:18; Ecclesiastes 11:8; Ecclesiastes 12:9, Ecclesiastes 5:12^(×2), הַרְבּוֹת alone Proverbs 25:27 (Toy reads הַרְ בֵּה); הַרְבֵּה מְאֹד as pred. Genesis 15:1 (J; Sam. אַרְבֶּה), Ecclesiastes 11:8 Psalms 130:7 (adverb Bae); (5) הַרְבֵּה as n. concr. (Konig^{Synt. § 318 a}) II Samuel 1:4; Jeremiah 42:2 (-בֶּה van d. H.), c. מִן comp., II Chronicles 25:9; Jonah 4:11; as obj. (or adverb), opposite מְעַט Haggai 1:6, Haggai 1:9; Ecclesiastes 5:11; late in adverb phr. (מְאֹד) לְהַרְבֵּה †Nehemiah 5:18; II Chronicles 11:12; II Chronicles 16:8; הַרְבּוֹת as n. Amos 4:9 (read probably הֶחֱרַבְתִּי Wellhausen Nowack).

make great, obj. person II Samuel 22:36 = Psalms 18:36; enlarge border I Chronicles 4:10; perhaps also Job 34:37 make words great, presumptuous, against God (לְאֵל; so Buhl^Lex; most make many words, 1 c).

רָבָה²

verb shoot (compare II. רָבַב, I. רָמָה);—only

participle (בינוני) רֹבֶה קַשָּׁ֑ת Genesis 21:20 < רֹבֵה קָ֑שֶׁת, Kn Dillmann al., but read probably רֹמֵה ק׳ Olshausen Ball, one shooting the bow.

רַבָּה²

(א), רַבִּית, רְבִיבִים see I. רבב.

רַב־מָ֑ג

see ii. רַב.

רָבַע

verbdenom., only participle (בינוני) passive squared, square;—

participle (בינוני) passive רָבוּעַ square, of altar Exodus 27:1; Exodus 30:2; Exodus 37:25; Exodus 38:1, compare Ezekiel 43:16; breastplate Ezekiel 30:2; Ezekiel 39:9; plural רְבֻעִים, of doorways, etc. [on text see Kittel Benz] I Kings 7:5; fs. רְבֻעָה as noun = a square Ezekiel 41:21 (direct object Co Toy, om. מְזוּזַה, and joining ר׳ to v Ezekiel 41:20; Krae reads מְזוּזֹת רְבֻעֹת, compare I Kings 6:33, רְבִיעִי 2).

participle (בינוני) square, מְרֻבַּע Ezekiel 45:2, of piece of land; fs. מְרֻבָּ֑עַת Ezekiel 40:47, of court; fpl. מְרֻבָּעוֹת I Kings 7:31 (opposite עֲגֻלּוֹת), of borders of bases (compare Sab. רבעתם, a kind of square building, Sab-Denkm ³¹).

רֶ֫בַע

noun (masc.) ^{Ezekiel 1:8} 1. fourth part. 2. plural four sides;—

ר׳ construct, fourth part, of shekel I Samuel 9:8, of hin Exodus 29:40.

in Ez, plural with suffix four sides (אַרְבַּעַת always preceding): רְבָעָיו Ezekiel 43:16, רְבָעֶיהָ v Ezekiel 43:17; רִבְעֵיהֶם Ezekiel 1:8; Ezekiel 10:11, -הֶן Ezekiel 1:17.

רֹ֫בַע

n.[m.] fourth part;—ר׳ construct; of Israel Numbers 23:10; of a ḳab II Kings 6:25.

רְבִיעִי

m., רְבִיעִית f., adjectivenum.ordin. fourth;m. רְבִיעִי Genesis 2:14 + 29 times, רְבִעִי I Chronicles 24:8; I Chronicles 26:11; plural רְבִיעִים II Kings 15:12, רְבִעִים II Kings 10:30; f. absolute רְבִיעִית I Kings 6:1 + 3 times, רְבִיעִת Leviticus 19:29, רְבִעִית I Kings 6:37 + 6 times + I Kings 6:33 (see below); construct רְבִיעִית Numbers 15:5, רְבִיעִת Exodus 29:40 + 4 times, רְבִעִית Numbers 15:4 + 2 times;—fourth, usually הָֽר׳:

m. Genesis 2:14; Genesis 15:16, also (especially of days, months, sons, etc.) Genesis 1:19 Exodus 28:20; Exodus 39:13; Numbers 7:30; Numbers 29:23; Joshua 19:17 (all P), Judges 19:5; Jeremiah 39:2; Jeremiah 52:6; I Chronicles 27:7 II Chronicles 20:26; Ezra 8:33; n. om. II Samuel 3:4 = I Chronicles 3:2; I Chronicles 2:14; I Chronicles 3:15; I Chronicles 8:2; I Chronicles 12:10; I Chronicles 23:19; I Chronicles 24:8, I Chronicles 24:23; I Chronicles 25:11; I Chronicles 26:2, I Chronicles 26:4, I Chronicles 26:11; I Chronicles 27:7 Ezra 10:14; Daniel 11:2; sc. חֹדֶשׁ Ezekiel 1:1; Zechariah 8:19; plural in בְּנֵי רְבִ(י)עִים sons of fourth (ones), that is to the fourth generation, II Kings 10:30; II Kings 15:12 (compare [רִבֵּעַ], and [Old Aramaic Nērab] בני רבע Cook¹⁰⁷).

f. of years, I Kings 6:1, I Kings 6:37; II Kings 18:9; Jeremiah 25:1; Jeremiah 28:1; Jeremiah 36:1; Jeremiah 45:1; Jeremiah 46:2; Jeremiah 51:59; Zechariah 6:3; Leviticus 19:24; מֵאֵת רְבִעִית I Kings 6:33, read מְזֻוֹת רְבֻעוֹת Septuagint Vulgate Th Stade Kmp Kittel Benz Bur.

רְבִיעִית Ezekiel 48:20 four square (read poss. רְבוּעָה).

רְבִ(י)עִ(י)ת as n. = fourth part, construct, ר׳ הַהִין Leviticus 23:13, Exodus 29:40; Numbers 15:4, Numbers 15:5; Numbers 28:5, Numbers 28:7, Numbers 28:14; ר׳ הַיּוֹם Nehemiah 9:3; so absolute (הַיּוֹם om.) v Nehemiah 9:3.

רָבַע²

verb lie stretched out, lie down (Aramaic form of רָבַץ (q.see); Mishnaic Hebrew רבע usually of copulation, chiefly unnatural; yet compare also Sab. רבע abide, encamp, settle, DHM^{ZMG xxix (1875), 593}, Arabic رَبَعَ abide, dwell)—

only infinitive (מקור): with suffix רִבְעִי Psalms 139:3 my lying down (for repose, opposite אָרְחִי); elsewhere for copulation (woman with beast) לְרִבְעָה אֹתָהּ Leviticus 20:16, but read אִתָּהּ (with suffix of beast) Driver-Wh Konig^{Synt. 226 e}, compare Bae Berthol (and Driver II Samuel 13:14); לְרִבְעָהּ II Samuel 18:23, read לְרִבְעָה (compl. om.; see the same).

future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular בְּהֶמְתְּךָ לֹא תַרְבִּיעַ כִּלְאַיִם Leviticus 19:19 thy cattle thou shalt not cause to (let) lie down (that is breed) in two kinds.

רֶ֫בַע²

noun (masc.) a king of Midian Numbers 31:8; Joshua 13:21; Ροβοκ, Ροβε(κ).

רָבַץ

verb stretch oneself out, lie down, lie stretched out (Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Assyrian rabâṣu, lie, dwell; rubṣu (in word-lists), stall, also womb (compare II. רבע above); Arabic رَبَضَ lie down on the breast, stretch oneself out, مرابض, Sab. מרבצֿן CIS ^{iv, no. 5, 2}; Targum רְבַע lie stretched out, Syriac ܪܒܰܥ, Chr. Pal ܪܒܥ recline at meals, Schwally^{Idiot. 87});—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ר׳ Genesis 49:9, 3rd feminine singular consec. וְרָֽבְצָה Deuteronomy 29:19, רָבָ֑צָה Ezekiel 19:2, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִרְבָּ֑ץ Isaiah 11:6; Isaiah 27:10; 3rd feminine singular וַתִּרְבַּץ Numbers 22:27; 3rd masculine plural יִרְבְּצוּ Numbers 11:7, יִרְבָּ֑צוּ Numbers 14:30, יִרְבָּצ֑וּן Zephaniah 2:7 Psalms 104:22; Psalms 104:3 fpl. תִּרְבַּצְנָה Ezekiel 34:14; participle (בינוני) רֹבֵץ Exodus 23:5 + 3 times; f. רֹבֶ֫צֶת Genesis 49:25 + 2 times; mpl. רֹבְצִים Genesis 29:2;—lie down, lie: of domestic animals, ass Exodus 23:5 (E; under heavy burden), Numbers 22:27 (Je; in obstructed path), Genesis 49:14 (at ease; poet., in sim.); sheep, in repose, Genesis 29:2, Isaiah 17:2; Zephaniah 2:14; figuratively of people Ezekiel 34:14; calf, in repose Isaiah 27:10; of wild beasts, lion, in lair, Genesis 49:9 (poem in J; figuratively), Psalms 104:22; = make lair, abode Ezekiel 19:2 (figuratively), so of צִיִּים Isaiah 13:21, תַּנִּין Ezekiel 29:3 (figuratively); leopard (with kid) Isaiah 11:6, compare v Isaiah 11:7; = brood, of mother-bird Deuteronomy 22:6 (עַל־הָאֶפְרֹחִים); of man, in repose Isaiah 14:30; Job 11:19, compare Zephaniah 2:7; Zephaniah 3:13 (figuratively of flock perhaps impl., compare Ezekiel 34:14 above); of the deep, רֹבֶצֶת תָּ֑חַת Genesis 49:25; Deuteronomy 33:13; figuratively of curse Deuteronomy 29:19 (ב person); of sin, לַפֶּתַה חַטָּאת רֹבֵץ Genesis 4:7 at the door sin makes its lair.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix יַרְבִּיצֵנִי Psalms 23:2, 2nd masculine singular תַּרְבִּיץ Song of Songs 1:7, etc.; participle (בינוני) מַרְבִּיץ Isaiah 54:11, plural מַרְבֹּצֹים Jeremiah 33:12;—cause to lie down, or lie, direct object of flock (for repose) Jeremiah 33:12, also (figuratively) Psalms 23:2 Ezekiel 34:15; direct object of flock om. Isaiah 13:20 Song of Songs 1:7; of laying stones Isaiah 54:11.

רִבְקָה

n.pr.f. Rebekah, daughter of Bethuel and wife of Isaac, Genesis 22:23; Genesis 24:15 + 24 times Genesis 24:24, Genesis 24:25, Genesis 24:26, Genesis 24:27; Genesis 28:5; Genesis 29:12; Genesis 35:8; Genesis 49:31;—Septuagint Ρεβεκκα.

רָגַז

verb be agitated, quiver, quake, be excited, perturbed (Phoenician Iph. (+ infinitive (מקור) absolute Qal) disquiet, disturb, Inscr. Tabn.^4.6.7; Mishnaic Hebrew Hiph. provoke to wrath; رجز tremble (with rage, fear, Dozy); v, viii, rumble (of thunder, Freytag), رَجَزٌ a trembling disease (of camels), etc.; Aramaic רְגַז tremble, rage, ܪܓܰܙ be enraged; Zinj. רגז wrath, Lidzbarski ³⁶⁷);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular consec. וְרָגַז Proverbs 29:9, 3rd feminine singular רָֽגְזָה Isaiah 14:9 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִרְגַּז II Samuel 7:10; I Chronicles 17:9, 2nd feminine singular וַתִּרְגְּזִי Ezekiel 16:43 (but see below); 3rd masculine plural יִרְגְּזוּן Habakkuk 3:7, יִרְגָּז֑וּן Exodus 15:14, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. רְגָ֫זָה (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 48 i) Isaiah 32:11, mpl. רִגְזוּ Psalms 4:5;—quake, subj. אֶרֶץ I Samuel 14:15 Amos 8:8 (עַל rei), Psalms 77:19 (+ רָעַשׁ), Joel 2:10 (לִפְנֵי of locusts; ‖ רעשׁ), Proverbs 30:21 (תַּחַת person); subj. מוֹסְדֵי הָרִים Psalms 18:8 (‖ רעשׁ), = II Samuel 22:8 (מוֹסְדוֹת הַשָּׁמַיִם; ‖ the same); הֶהָרִים Isaiah 5:25; תְּהֹמוֹת Psalms 77:17; of tent-curtains Habakkuk 3:7 (figuratively of terror of tent-dwellers); of people, in dread, c. מִפְּנֵי person Deuteronomy 2:25 (‖ חול), Isaiah 64:1; c. עַל rei Jeremiah 33:9 (+ פָּחַד); absolute, Exodus 15:14 (‖ חִיל אָחַז וגו׳), Psalms 99:1 Joel 2:1; pregn. = come quivering Micah 7:17 (מִן location); of person, in fear, awe, Genesis 45:24 (ב location), Isaiah 32:11 (‖ חָרַד), v Isaiah 32:10 Psalms 4:5, Habakkuk 3:16 (תַּחְתַּי), compare of בִּטְנִי Habakkuk 3:16; quarrel Genesis 45:24; be disquieted, II Samuel 7:10 = I Chronicles 17:9; be excited, perturbed, of person II Samuel 19:1 (by grief; compare Driver). שְׁאוֹל Isaiah 14:9 (surprise; ל person); in rage, c. ל at, Ezekiel 16:43 (of Jerus. personif.; but read Hiph. (that is didst enrage me) Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate Targum Hitzig Smend Co Berthol Toy Krae); probably also וְר׳ וְשָׂחַק Proverbs 29:9; of י׳ Isaiah 28:21.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִרְגִּיו Isaiah 23:11; 2nd masculine singular with suffix הִרְגַּוְתַּנִי I Samuel 28:15; future (עתיד) 1st singular אַרְגִּיו Isaiah 13:13; infinitive (מקור) construct הִרְגִּיז (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 53 l) Jeremiah 50:34; participle (בינוני) מַרְגִּיז Isaiah 14:16; Job 9:6, plural construct מַרְגִּיזֵי Job 12:6;—cause to quake, disquiet, enrage: cause earth to quake Isaiah 14:16 (figuratively; ‖ רעשׁ), Job 9:6 shake earth מִמְּקוֹמָהּ; heavens Isaiah 13:13 (‖ רעשׁ); kingdoms Isaiah 23:11; cause disquiet, c. ל person, Jeremiah 50:34 (‖ רגע); = disturb I Samuel 28:15 (compare Phoenician תרגזן, Inscr. Tabn.⁴ Driver^{Smend xxviii}); = enrage, provoke, מַרְגִּיזֵי אֵל Job 12:6; so also probably Ezekiel 16:43 (reading תַּרְגִּזִי לִי), see Qal ad fin.

excite oneself, only infinitive (מקור) construct with suffix הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ אלי thine exciting thyself (to rage) against me, II Kings 19:27, II Kings 19:28 = Isaiah 37:28, Isaiah 37:29.

רֹ֫גֶז

noun (masc.)^{Job 3:26} agitation, excitement, raging;—ר׳ absolute Habakkuk 3:2 +, construct Job 37:2; with suffix רָגְזֶ֑ךָ Isaiah 14:3;—raging Job 3:17; disquiet, turmoil Isaiah 14:3 Job 3:26; Job 14:1; raging, wrath Habakkuk 3:2; ר׳ קֹלוֹ Job 37:2 rumbling of his voice (that is thunder); of excitement of warhorse, בְּרַעַשׁ וְרֹגֶז Job 39:24.

רַגָּז

adjective quivering, quaking;—לֵב ר׳ Deuteronomy 28:65 a quaking heart.

רֶ֫גֶל

noun (fem.)Deuteronomy 8:4 (on with suffix m. Song of Songs 5:3 see Konig^{Synt. § 14} Albr^{journal ZAW (xvi, 1896, 76) xv (1895), 316 f.}), foot (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic رِجْلٌ leg, foot; Aramaic רַגְלָא, ܪܶܓܠܴܐ foot; Palmyrene with suffix רגלה Lidzbarski ³⁶⁸; transp. Zinj. (plural construct) לגרי Id.^ib., Mand. ליגרא Noldeke^{M 102}; compare Ethiopic ሰረገላ vehicle Dillmann³⁴⁷);—absolute ר׳ Exodus 21:24 +, רָ֑גֶל v Exodus 21:24 +; construct רֶגֶל Numbers 22:25 +; with suffix רַגְלִי Genesis 30:30 +, etc.; dual רַגְלַ֫יִם Isaiah 28:3 +, רַגְלָ֑יִם II Samuel 4:4 +; construct רַגְלֵי Genesis 24:32 +; with suffix רַגְלָי Numbers 20:19 +, רַגְלֶיךָ Exodus 3:5 +, etc.; plural רְגָלִים Exodus 23:14 + 3 times (see 2 below);—

foot:

human, Genesis 18:4; Genesis 19:2 + 10 times of washing feet (רהץ); Exodus 3:5; Exodus 4:25 + often; in figuratively Deuteronomy 32:25 I Samuel 2:9 Jeremiah 2:25 Job 12:5 + often; ר׳ גַּאֲוָה Psalms 36:12 foot of pride; הֲדֹם לְר׳ Psalms 110:1; כַּף ר׳ sole of foot Deuteronomy 2:5; Deuteronomy 11:24; Deuteronomy 28:56, Deuteronomy 28:65 + 6 times, + מִכַּף ר׳ וְעַד רֹאשׁ Isaiah 1:6, compare (וְעַד קדקד) II Samuel 14:25 Deuteronomy 28:35 Job 2:7; also מֵרֹאשׁ וְעַד ר׳ Leviticus 13:12; שָׁרְשֵׁי ר׳ Job 13:27, see שֹׁרֶשׁ; אֶצְבְּעוֹת ר׳ II Samuel 21:20 = toes, בֹּהֶן ר׳ = great toe Judges 1:6, Judges 1:7 Exodus 29:20 + 6 times Lv; ר׳ = leg I Samuel 17:6 (see also f. ad fin.).

anthrop. of God, Exodus 24:10; II Samuel 22:10 = Psalms 18:10, Nahum 1:3; Habakkuk 3:5; Isaiah 60:13; Zechariah 14:4; כַּפּוֹת ר׳ Ezekiel 43:7; הֲדֹם ר׳ Isaiah 66:1 Lamentations 2:1 I Chronicles 28:2 Psalms 99:5; Psalms 132:7.

of seraphim Isaiah 6:2, Ezekiel’s חַיּוֹת Ezekiel 1:7, Ezekiel 1:7 and (כַּף ר׳) v Ezekiel 1:7, cherubim II Chronicles 3:13; idols Psalms 115:7.

of animals: dove, כַּף ר׳ Genesis 8:9; שֶׁרֶץ עוֹף Leviticus 11:21, Leviticus 11:23, שֶׁרֶץ v Leviticus 11:42; calf, כַּף ר׳ Ezekiel 1:7 (in sim.), בְּהֵמָה Ezekiel 29:11; Pharaoh under figuratively of תַּנִּים Ezekiel 32:2; probably of beast also Job 39:15, indef. Isaiah 28:3 (in figuratively).

of table Exodus 25:26; Exodus 37:13. f. phrases: †לְר׳ (ל 5 i) direct object to the pace of Genesis 33:14^(×2) (J; as fast as cattle, children, can go); at one’s guidance Deuteronomy 33:3; at one’s foot, that is at every step Genesis 30:30, Isaiah 41:2, compare Job 18:11 (see I. [פּוּץ] Hiph.); הלך לְר׳ I Samuel 25:42, that is went where she went, compare II Samuel 15:16, II Samuel 15:17, II Samuel 15:18; †בְּר׳ on one’s feet, on foot, Numbers 20:19, Deuteronomy 2:28 Judges 4:15, Judges 4:17 Psalms 66:6, שֻׁלַּח בְּר׳ Judges 5:15 (see שׁלח), compare Job 18:8 (and רַגְלַי שִׁלֵּ֑חוּ Job 30:12); אֲשֶׁר בְּר׳ (הַבְּהֵמָה, הַיְקוּם, הָעָם), that is which follow one, hence obey or belong to one, Exodus 11:8, Judges 4:10; Judges 8:5 I Kings 20:10; Deuteronomy 11:6 II Kings 3:9, הַמִּתְהַלְּכִים בְּר׳ I Samuel 25:27; נָשָׂא ר׳ †Genesis 29:1 = set out, but יָרִים אֶת־ר׳ †Genesis 41:44 lift the foot, that is make a movement, do anything; †euphemism מֵסִיךְ אֶת־ר׳ Judges 3:24, compare I Samuel 24:3 (Gi; van d. H. Baer v I Samuel 24:4; see I. [סָכַךְ] Hiph.); וַתְּפַשְּׂקִי אֶת־ר׳ לְ Ezekiel 16:25 (see פשׂק); הַיּוֹצֵת מִבֵּין ר׳ Deuteronomy 28:57 (see יצא 1 h); מֵימֵי ר׳ Qr II Kings 18:27 = Isaiah 36:12 (Kt שיניהם; see מַיִם 3); שַׂעַר הָר׳ Isaiah 7:20, that is hair of the private parts.

plural only in phr. שָׁלשׁ רְגָלִים three times (feet, paces, compare פַּעַם Exodus 23:14, Numbers 22:28, Numbers 22:32, Numbers 22:33.

רָגַל

verbdenom. foot it, go about;—

go about (maliciously, as slanderer; compare Arabic مُشَاةٌ and سَاعٍ slanderer, from √√ مَشَى walk along, سَعَى walk quickly), slander, past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular לאֹ־ר׳ עַל־לְשֹׁנוֹ Psalms 15:3 he takes no slander upon his tongue (‖ דֹּבֵר אֱמֶת v Psalms 15:2).

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיְרַגֵּל II Samuel 19:28, 3rd masculine plural וַיְרַגְּלוּ Deuteronomy 1:24 Joshua 7:2; imperative (ציווי) mpl. רַגְּלוּ Joshua 7:2; infinitive (מקור) construct לְרַגֵּל Numbers 21:32 + 5 times; with suffix לְרַגְּלַהּ II Samuel 10:3; participle (בינוני) plural מְרַגְּלִים Genesis 42:9 + 11 times;—

slander (compare Qal), וַיְר׳ בְּעַבְדְּךָ אֶל II Samuel 19:28.

go about as explorer, spy, with a direct object location Numbers 21:32 Joshua 6:25; Joshua 7:2, Joshua 7:2; Joshua 14:7 (all JE), Judges 18:2 (‖ חָקַר), v Judges 18:14, Judges 18:17 II Samuel 10:3 (‖ חָקַר), I Chronicles 19:3, so also pt. Genesis 42:30, Joshua 6:22; pt., direct object om., as adjective, אֲנַשִׁים מְרַגְּלִים Joshua 2:1, compare Joshua 6:23 (both JE); as noun, spies I Samuel 26:4; II Samuel 15:10, and so perhaps (as pred.) Genesis 42:9, Genesis 42:11, Genesis 42:14, Genesis 42:16, Genesis 42:31, Genesis 42:34 (all E).

past (עבר) 1st singular תִּרְגַּלְתִּי לְאֶכְּרַיִם Hosea 11:3 I taught Ephr. to walk (si vera l.; see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 55 h).

רַגְלִי

adjective on foot;—אִישׁ ר׳ (after num.) footmen, especially foot-soldiers, Judges 20:2; II Samuel 8:4 = I Chronicles 18:4; I Chronicles 19:18 (פָּרָשִׁים in ‖ II Samuel 10:18); elsewhere ר׳ as noun, usually coll., of Isr. at Exod. Exodus 12:37; Numbers 11:21 (both JE); = foot-soldiery I Samuel 4:10; I Samuel 15:4; II Samuel 10:6; I Kings 20:29; II Kings 13:7; n. plural רַגְלִים footmen, men on foot Jeremiah 12:5 (opposite הַסּוּסִיס).

רֶ֫גֶם

n.pr.m. (Gesenius' Thesaurus cp. Arabic رَجْمٌ friend; see also Sab. רגם Hal ^{63, 4});—I Chronicles 2:47, Ραγεμ, Ρεγεμ, SeptuagintL Ρεγμα.

רֶ֫גֶם מֶ֫לֶךְ

n.pr.m. exilic, Zechariah 7:2; Αρβεσεερ ὁ Βασιλεύς.

רָגַן

verb murmur, whisper (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Targum Ithpe. backbite, slander);—

murmur (rebelliously):

participle (בינוני) plural רוֹגְנִים Isaiah 29:24 murmurers;

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural וַיֵּרָֽגְנוּ Psalms 106:25 and they murmured in their tents, so 2nd masculine plural וַיֵרָֽגְנוּ Deuteronomy 1:27.

whisper (maliciously), backbite, slander:

participle (בינוני) נִרְגָּן backbiter Proverbs 16:28; Proverbs 18:8; Proverbs 26:20, Proverbs 26:22.

רָגַע

verb disturb (Mishnaic Hebrew Hiph. move to and fro; perhaps transp. from Arabic رَعَجَ disturb, BA^{ES 8});—

past (עבר) Job 26:12 בְּכֹחוֹ רָגַע הַיָּם; participle (בינוני) construct (Gesenius ^{65d. 116 g, x}), Jeremiah 31:35 = Isaiah 51:15 רֹגַע הַיָּם וַיֶּהֱמוּ גַלָּיו.

denom. from רֶגַע make a twinkling, only 1st singular future (עתיד) cohort. וְעַד אַרְגִּ֫יעָה לְשׁוֹן שָׁ֑קֶר and while I would twinkle (= only for a moment: compare Job 20:5) is the false tongue (opposite תִּכּוֹן לָעַד), Proverbs 12:19 (compare De); and כִּי אַרְגִּ֫יעָה אֲרִיצֶנּוּ מֵעָלֶיהָ I will twinkle and (= I will in a moment, Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 120 g; compare Hitzig) chase them away from it, Jeremiah 49:19 = Jeremiah 50:44. (Barth^{§ 86} as noun = רֶגַע, of the very rare type ʾaqtîl; -ה as Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 90 f.)

רֶ֫גַע

noun (masc.) a moment (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Targum רינעא Ecclesiastes 9:12: probably properly a movement, that is twinkling, of the eye; compare momentum, that is movimentum);—absolute ר׳, רָ֑גַע Numbers 16:21 +, plural רְגָעִים;—

Psalms 30:6 ר׳ בְּאַפּוֹ a moment (passes) in his anger (opposite היים ברצונו); Isaiah 54:7 בְּר׳ קָטֹן during a little moment.

usually in adverb phrases:—(a) as adverb direct object, (α) Exodus 33:5 ר׳ אֶהָד for one moment, so ר׳ alone Isaiah 54:8; repeated Jeremiah 18:7, Jeremiah 18:9 רֶגַע … רֶגַע at one moment … at another moment; (β) in a moment, suddenly, Psalms 6:11 יָשׁוּבוּ יֵבשׁוּ רָ֑גַע, Jeremiah 4:20; Isaiah 47:9; Job 34:20. (b) בְּרֶגַע in a moment Job 21:13 ובר׳ שְׁאוֹל יֵחַ֫תּוּ (of a quick and painless death; but see Job 34:20 Psalms 73:19: Hoffmann Buhl Beer Budde Duhm [compare Septuagint ἐν ἀναπαύσει, Targum בְּמַרְגּוֹעָא] take רֶגַע (or read רְגֹעַ) as noun [√ II. רָגַע] in tranquillity, of a peaceful death). So (c) בִּר׳ Numbers 16:21 = Numbers 17:10 יַאֲכַלֶּה אֹתָם בְּרָ֑גַע, Psalms 73:19. (d) בְּמוֹ ר׳ Lamentations 4:6. (e) עֲדֵי רָ֑גַע while a moment lasts Job 20:5. (f) כִּמְעַט ר׳ like the littleness of a moment = for a little moment Isaiah 26:20; Ezra 9:8. (g) plural לִרְגָעִים by moments, at every moment, Isaiah 27:3; Ezekiel 26:16 וְהָֽרְדוּ ל׳ (so Ezekiel 32:10), Job 7:18 (‖ לִבְקָרִים).

רָגַע²

verb be at rest, repose (probably = Arabic رَجَعَ return, proposes return to rest, after wanderings, etc.);—

imperative (ציווי) 2nd feminine singular Jeremiah 47:6 (of sword) be gathered into thy scabbard, הֵרָֽגְעִי וָדֹ֫מִּי repose, and be still.

trans. give rest to;—infinitive (מקור) construct Jeremiah 31:2 הָלוֹךְ לְהַרְגִּיעוֹ I will go to give him (Isr.) rest, Jeremiah 50:34 לְמַעַן הִרְגִּיעַ את־הארץ (on הִ׳, see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 531 Driver Deuteronomy 7:24; read probably הַ׳); Isaiah 51:4 ומשׁפטי לאור עמים אַרְגִּיעַ usually I will cause my judgment (religion) to repose as, etc. (that is I will establish it; compare שִׂים Isaiah 42:4); but metaphorically strange: hence Bachm Cheyne Marti (joining to v Isaiah 51:5) צִדְקִי (< אֲקָרֵב Isaiah 46:13) אַרְגִּיעַ אַקְּרִיב in a moment (I. רָגַע Hiph.) will I bring near, etc., Duhm הִרְגִּיעַ קָרֵב, Oort Ry Kittel בְּרֶגַע קָרֵב (compare Septuagint ἐγγίζει ταχύ).

intrans. rest, repose, Deuteronomy 28:65 ובגוים ההם לא תַרְגִּיעַ, Isaiah 34:14 שָׁם הִרְגִּ֫יעָה לִילִית. So Ecclus Ben Sira 36:31.

רָגַע³

verb harden (Ethiopic ረግዐ: coagulate, congeal: poss. development of √ رَجَعَ, see II. ר׳);—Qal, pf. in Job 7:5 עוֹרִי רָגַע וַיִּמָּאֵס my skin hardens, and (then) runs again (II. מָאַס), of the ulcers in elephantiasis.

רַדַּי

n.pr.m. fifth son of Jesse, according to I Chronicles 2:14; Ζαδδαι, A Ραδδαι, SeptuagintL Ρεδαι.

רָדָה

verb have dominion, rule, dominate (Mishnaic Hebrew רָדָה, Targum Yonasan רְדָא, chastise; Arabic رَدَى tread, trample; Syriac ܪܕܳܐ chastise, also (and so Assyrian radû) go, flow);—

past (עבר) 3rd plural consec. וְרָדוּ Isaiah 14:2; Leviticus 26:17; 2nd masculine plural רְדִיתֶם Ezekiel 34:4; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix יִרְדֶּנּוּ Leviticus 25:53, וַיִּרְדֶּ֑נָּה Lamentations 1:13, juss. וְיֵרְדְּ Numbers 24:19 Psalms 72:8; 2nd masculine singular תִּרְדֶּה Leviticus 25:43, Leviticus 25:46, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. רְדֵה Psalms 110:2; mpl. רְדוּ Genesis 1:28; (Joel 4:13 see ירד); infinitive (מקור) construct רְדוֹת Ezekiel 29:15; participle (בינוני) רֹדֶה I Kings 5:4; Isaiah 14:6; with suffix רִדֵם Psalms 68:28; plural הָרֹרִים I Kings 5:30 + 2 times;—have dominion, rule, over, usually c. ב person vel pop. I Kings 5:4, I Kings 5:30; I Kings 9:23 = II Chronicles 8:10; Isaiah 14:2; Leviticus 25:43, Leviticus 25:46, Leviticus 25:53; Leviticus 26:17; Ezekiel 29:15; Nehemiah 9:28 Psalms 49:15; ב of fish, etc., Genesis 1:26, Genesis 1:28; בְּקֶרֶב Psalms 110:2; with a direct object person Ezekiel 34:4; Isaiah 14:6 (perhaps + direct object cogn., see [מִרְדָּה] below); direct object om. Numbers 24:19 (מִיַּעֲקֹב), Jeremiah 5:31 (+ עַל־יְדֵיהֶם, see יָד 5 h (2); vid. also ingenious conjunction sub II. רדה; but < Gr יוֹרוּ teach), Psalms 72:8; for וַיִּרְדֶּנָּה Lamentations 1:13 and it (the fire) prevailed against them (my bones), read perhaps יָרָ֑דָה into my bones it descended (Budde).—רֹדֵם Psalms 68:28 is doubtful; Grill Hup-Nowack Cheyne Duhm קִדֵּם. יְרַד Judges 5:13^(×2) see יָרַד.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וּמְלָכִים יַרְדְּ Isaiah 41:2 and kings he causeth (him) to dominate; but apoc. form strange, read יָרֹד (√ רדד q.see) Ewald Dillmann Duhm; יַחֲרִד Septuagint Klostermann Cheyne.

רָדָה²

verb scrape out (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, scrape or draw off, out (bread from oven));—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ר׳ הַדְּבָ֑שׁ Judges 14:9 out of the carcass he scraped the honey (see GFM); with suffix וַיִּרְדֵּהוּ אֶל־בַּפָּיו v Judges 14:9 he scraped it out into his palms; Buhl ^Lex Duhm also ר׳ עַל־יְדֵיהֶם Jeremiah 5:31, sc. gifts, money, figuratively for making gain (most I. רדה q.see).

רַדַּי²

n.pr. see רדד.

רָדַף

verb pursue, chase, persecute (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Aramaic רְדַף, ܪܕܰܦ; Arabic رَدَفَ; Sab. רדף the same, SabDenkm^{Noldeke. 7, 1, 2});—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ר׳ Judges 4:16 +; 1st singular וְרָדַפְתִּ֫י Jeremiah 29:18, etc.; future (עתיד) יִרְדֹּף Deuteronomy 19:6 +, יִֽרַדֹּף Psalms 7:6 (appar. to give choice of Qal or Pi, Ki JHMich Bae al.; Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 63 n expl. as developed from יִרֲדֹף, compare Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 236 e, and, further, Konig^{i. 160}), with suffix יִרְדָּפֶ֑ךָ Ezekiel 35:6^(×2), etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. רְדֹף Genesis 44:4 +, with suffix רָדְפֵהוּ Psalms 34:15; mpl. רִדְפוּ Judges 3:28 +;, infinitive (מקור) construct לִרְדֹּף Joshua 8:16 +, מִרְדֹף I Samuel 23:28; II Samuel 18:16, with suffix רָדְפִי Psalms 38:21 Qr, רדופי Kt, etc.; participle (בינוני) רֹדֵף Judges 4:22 +, plural רֹדְפִים Judges 8:4 +;—

pursue (sometimes + הִשִּׂיג): literally c. אַהֲרֵי person, in order to overtake Genesis 44:4, II Kings 5:21; especially with hostile purpose Genesis 31:23 (+ הִדְבִּיק), Genesis 35:5; Joshua 24:6 (all E), Joshua 2:5, Joshua 2:7^(×2); Joshua 8:16^(×2), Joshua 8:17; Joshua 10:19, Deuteronomy 11:4; Deuteronomy 19:6; Joshua 20:5 (all D), Exodus 14:4, Exodus 14:8, Exodus 14:9, Judges 1:6; II Samuel 20:6, II Samuel 20:7, II Samuel 20:10, II Samuel 20:13; II Kings 9:27 + 17 times, + II Kings 25:5 (אַהַר), + Judges 4:16 (אַהֲרֵי הָרֶכֶב); + רִדְפוּ אַהֲרַי Judges 3:28 = follow me (as leader; but this meaning not elsewhere; read רְדוּ Septuagint Kittel GFM).

literally, with a direct object person, put to flight, chase (defeated foe; sometimes c. הִשִּׂיג): Amos 1:11; Hosea 8:3; Deuteronomy 32:30 (poem; ‖ הֵנִיס), Deuteronomy 28:22, Deuteronomy 28:45; Joshua 23:10, Leviticus 26:8^(×2); וְרָדַף אֹתָם קוֹל עָלֶה נִדָּף v Leviticus 26:36; Joshua 7:5; Joshua 8:24; Joshua 10:10; Joshua 11:8 (all JE), Genesis 14:15; Deuteronomy 1:44; Judges 4:22; Isaiah 41:3 + 13 times + Judges 7:25 (read אֶת־ for אֶל־, Septuagint Vulgate Targum GFM Budde Nowack).

literally, direct object om. Judges 8:4; I Samuel 30:8 (+ הִשִּׂיג), v I Samuel 30:10; Genesis 14:14; Exodus 14:23, Exodus 15:9 (poem; + הִשִּׂיג), Leviticus 26:36, Leviticus 26:37, Proverbs 28:1; especially pt. plural הָר׳ the pursuers Joshua 2:16^(×2), Joshua 2:22^(×2;) Nehemiah 9:11; Isaiah 30:16, so הָרֹדֵף Joshua 8:20; Lamentations 1:6.

chase, hunt, partridge (קֹרֵא) I Samuel 26:20 (in sim.; ‖ בִּקֵּשׁ).

pursue, in figuratively, Jeremiah 20:11; Lamentations 4:19, רִדְפוּ וְתִפְשׂוּהוּ Psalms 71:11, compare Lamentations 1:3; Psalms 7:6 (+ הִשִּׂיג; see above); especially subj. י׳, pursue (figuratively of punishment, judgment), c. אחרי Jeremiah 29:18 (בַּהֶרֶב), direct object person Lamentations 3:43 (om. v Lamentations 3:66), Psalms 83:16 (בְּסַעֲרֶ֑ךָ); אֶת־קַשׁ יָבֵשׁ תִּרְדֹּף Job 13:25 (‖ תַּעֲרוֹץ); רֹדְכָּם, of מַלְאַךְ י׳, Psalms 35:6.

figuratively persecute, harass, with a direct object person Deuteronomy 30:7; Job 19:22 (כְּמוֹ־אֵל), Psalms 69:27; Psalms 109:16; Psalms 119:86, Psalms 119:161; with a direct object נַפְשִׁי Psalms 143:3, with a direct object נְדִבָתִי Job 30:15 (but subj. obscure; read perhaps תֵּרָדֵף Budde; Duhm תִּנָּדֵף); c. ל person Job 19:28; pt. as noun Jeremiah 15:15; Jeremiah 17:18 Psalms 7:2; Psalms 31:16 (‖ אוֹיְבַי; Wellhausen מְרַדְּפָ֑י for מֵרֹדְפָ֑י), Psalms 35:3; Psalms 119:84, Psalms 119:157 (+ צָרַי), Psalms 142:7.

pursue, dog, subj. דָּם, with a direct object person Ezekiel 35:6^(×2) (del v a Septuagint Co Toy Krae); in good sense, attend closely upon, טוֹב וָחֶסֶד יִרְדְּפוּנִי Psalms 23:6.

figuratively follow after, aim to secure: in bad sense, with a direct object שַׁלְמֹנִים Isaiah 1:23, שֵׁכָר Isaiah 5:11, ר׳ קָדִים Hosea 12:2, רֹדְפֵי זִמָּה Psalms 119:150; good sense, c. inf. לְדַעַת אֶת־י׳ Hosea 6:3, with a direct object צֶדֶק Deuteronomy 16:20 Isaiah 51:1 (‖ מְבַקְשֵׁי י׳), צְדָקָה וָהָ֑סֶד Proverbs 21:21, שָׁלוֹם Psalms 34:15 (‖ בַּקֵּשׁ), טוֹב Psalms 38:21.

passive: past (עבר) 1st plural עַל־צַוָּארֵנוּ נִרְדָּ֑פְנוּ Lamentations 5:5 upon our neck (that is closely) we are pursued (improb., compare Budde); perhaps future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תֵּרָדֵף Job 30:15 Budde (for תִּרְדֹּף); participle (בינוני) א׳ יְבַקֵּשׁ אֶת־נִרְדָּ֑ף Ecclesiastes 3:15 God seeketh the pursued, (that is what has disappeared, is past, but doubtful).

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular consec. וְּרִדְּפָה Hosea 2:9; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְרַדֶּף־ Nahum 1:8 (Psalms 7:6 see Qal); 3rd feminine singular תְּדַדֵּף Proverbs 13:21; participle (בינוני) מְרַדֵּף Proverbs 11:19 +;—pursue ardently, with a direct object person Hosea 2:9 (in figuratively); figuratively also וְאֹיְבָיו יְר׳ הֹשֶׁךְ Nahum 1:8 (Gunk^{journal ZAW xiii (1893), 230}, plausibly, רֶהְדֹּף), compare Proverbs 13:21; elsewhere pt., in Pr: aim (eagerly) to secure, with a direct object רָעָה Proverbs 11:19, רֵיקִים Proverbs 12:11; Proverbs 28:19, אֲמָרִים Proverbs 19:7 (meaning doubtful, see Toy); in good sense, צְדָקָה Proverbs 15:9.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular consec. וְרֻדַּף כְמֹץ הָרִים Isaiah 17:13 it shall be chased away like chaff of the mountains (‖ וְנָס).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular with suffix הִרְּדִיפֻהוּ Judges 20:43 usually they chased him (Benj., coll.), but strange after כִּתְּרוּ surrounded (still stranger after כתתו or כרתו Septuagint), and why Hiph.? GFM conjunction dittogr. of הִדְרִיכֻהוּ following; the reverse conjectured by Budde Nowack.

רַ֫הַב

n.[m.] literally storm, arrogance, but only as names, see below;—absolute ר׳ Isaiah 30:7, רָ֑הַב Job 9:13 +;—

mythical sea monster (compare Barton ^{JAOS xv. 1 (1891), 22 f.}): עֹזְרֵי ר׳ Job 9:13; ‖ יָם Job 26:12; ‖ תַּנִּין Isaiah 51:9; Psalms 89:11

emblemat. name of Egypt, רַהַב וּבָבֶל Psalms 87:4; ‖ מצרים Isaiah 30:7.

רָהִיט

noun (masc.)coll. rafters? boards? (as strips running between beams? so Budde conjunction; compare Syriac ܪܗܛܐ boards (?), Noldeke in Budde);—with suffix רָהִיטֵנוּ Song of Songs 1:17 Qr (Kt רחיטנו; Codd. רַח׳ Baer ^{p. 46} Konig^{ii. 1, 149}), ‖ קֹרוֹת.

רָוָה

verb be saturated, drink one’s fill (Mishnaic Hebrew in der. spec.; Arabic رَوِىَ; Ethiopic ረወየ: Aramaic רְוִי, ܪܘܳܐ );—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular consec. וְרָֽוְתָה מִדָּמָם Jeremiah 46:10, figuratively of sword (‖ שָֽׂבְעָה, אָֽכְלָה); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יִרְוְיֻן כִ דֶּשֶׁן בֵּיתֶ֑ךָ Psalms 36:9 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 75 u) figuratively of men (‖ תַּשְׁקֵם); 1st plural נִרְוֶה דֹדִים Proverbs 7:18 we will take our fill of love (‖ נִתְעַלְּסָה).

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular רִוְּתָה Isaiah 34:5, וְר׳ consec. v Isaiah 34:7; 1st singular consec. וְרִוֵּיתִי Jeremiah 31:14; future (עתיד) 1st singular with suffix אֲרַיָּ֫וֶךְ Isaiah 16:9 (read probably אֲרַוַּ֫יִךְ Margolis^{Am. J. Sem. Lang., Oct. 1902, 48}, vid. also Konig^{i. 589 f.}; > אֲרַוָּ֫יֶךְ Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 634 e Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 75 dd); 3rd masculine plural with suffix יְרַוֻּךָ Proverbs 5:19; infinitive (מקור) absolute רַוֵּה Psalms 65:11 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 113 z);—

intens. be intoxicated, drunk Isaiah 34:5, figuratively of sword; + מִדָּם v Isaiah 34:7, of land (‖ יְדֻשָּׁ֑ן).

causat., drench, water abundantly, with a direct object תְּלָמֶיהָ Psalms 65:11; Isaiah 16:9 with a direct object person + דִּמְעָתִי material; saturate (figuratively), sate, ור׳ נֶפֶשׁ הַכֹּהֲנִים דָּ֑שֶׁן Jeremiah 31:14 (‖ שׂבע); sexually, דַּדֶּיהָ יְרַוֻּךָ Proverbs 5:19.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִרְוָה Isaiah 55:10, with suffix הִרְוַנִי Lamentations 3:15; 2nd masculine singular with suffix הִרְוִיתָ֑נִי Isaiah 43:24; 1st singular הִרְוֵיתִי Jeremiah 31:25; participle (בינוני) מַרְוֶה Proverbs 11:25;—saturate, water, with a direct object ארץ Isaiah 55:10 (subj. שֶׁלֶג, גֶּשֶׁם); cause to drink (figuratively), c.direct object personetrei (לַעֲנָה) Lamentations 3:15 (‖ הִשְׂבִּיעַנִי); with a direct object person only (נֶפֶשׁ) Jeremiah 31:25 (‖ מִלֵּאתִי), absolute Proverbs 11:25; of Isr. satisfying י׳, חֵלֶב זְבָתִים Isaiah 43:24.

future (עתיד) יוּרֶא (יָרְוֶה?) Proverbs 11:25 see Toy and ירא p. 432.

רִי

n.[m.] moisture (for *רְוִי Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 117 c, or רִוְיְ Konig^{ii. 1, 64}; compare ii. כִּי);—absolute בְּרִי יַטְרִיחַ עָ֑ב Job 37:11.

רָוֶה

adjective watered;—ms. ר׳, of garden גַּן (in sim.) Jeremiah 31:12 Isaiah 58:11; fs. הָרָוָה Deuteronomy 29:18 (opposite הַצְּמֵאָה; appar. of herbage, in proverb. expression for everything); perhaps also construct רְוֵה Job 10:15 = sated with affliction (for רְאֵה), see [רָאֶה].

רְוָיָה

noun (fem.) saturation (Lagarde^{BN 51, 150});—absolute כּוֹסִי ר׳ Psalms 23:5 (figuratively), that is is well-filled Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 141 c; in generally לָר׳ Psalms 66:12, but Vrss and most mod. לָֽרְוָחָה to (a place of) relief.

רוּחַ

noun (fem.) Genesis 41:8 (less often m. Numbers 11:31) breath, wind, spirit;—absolute ר׳ Genesis 8:1 +, ר֑וּחָה Jeremiah 52:23; construct רוּחַ Genesis 6:17 +; with suffix רוּחִי v Genesis 6:3 +, רוּחֲךָ Psalms 104:30 +, etc.; plural רוּחוֹת v Psalms 104:4 +, רֻחוֹת Jeremiah 49:36, רוּחֹת Numbers 16:22; Numbers 26:16 (see Br^{רוה in OT, JBL xix (1900), 132 ff.}, full statement of all passages);—

breath of mouth or nostrils (33 times):

רוּחַ פִּיו Job 15:30 breath of his mouth, compare Job 19:17; רוּחַ אַפֵּינוּ Lamentations 4:20 (figuratively of king), of idols לֹא רוּחַ בָּם Jeremiah 10:14 = Jeremiah 51:17, Habakkuk 2:19 Psalms 135:17; compare Job 9:18

as mere breath: compare 2 e. דִּבְרֵי־רוּחַ Job 16:3 that is windy words; לְרוּחַ אִמְרֵי נוֹאָשׁ Job 6:26, הַנְּבִיאִים יִהְיוּ לְרוּחַ Jeremiah 5:13.

as word of command: (1) of God: בְּרוּחַ פִּיו כָּל־ (נעשׂו) צְבָאָם Psalms 33:6, compare Isaiah 34:16 (‖ פֶּה); (2) of Messianic king: בְּרוּחַ שְׂפָתָיו יָמִית רָשָׁע Isaiah 11:4.

as hard breathing through the nostrils in anger: (1) of God: מֵרוּחַ אַפּוֹ יִכְלוּ Job 4:9 Exodus 15:8 (poem), II Samuel 22:16 = Psalms 18:16, Isaiah 30:28; Isaiah 59:19; (2) of man: רוּחַ עָרִיצִים Isaiah 25:4.

as sign and symbol of life: רוּחַ חַוִּים breath of life Genesis 6:17; Genesis 7:15; נִשְׁמַת רוּחַ חַיִּים בְּאַפָּיו Genesis 7:22; Ezekiel 37:5, compare v Ezekiel 37:6, Ezekiel 37:8, Ezekiel 37:9^(×3), Ezekiel 37:10, Ezekiel 37:14 (breath or spirit), Ecclesiastes 3:19.

wind (117 times):

wind of heaven: Genesis 8:1 Exodus 15:10 Numbers 11:31 I Kings 18:45 +, Jeremiah 10:13, thence Jeremiah 51:16 Psalms 135:7; רוּחַ י׳ Hosea 13:15 Isaiah 40:7, compare Job 26:13 (Dillmann Budde); †רוּחַ (ה)קָדִים east wind Exodus 10:13^(×2); Exodus 14:21 Psalms 48:8 Jeremiah 18:17 Ezekiel 17:10; Ezekiel 19:12; Ezekiel 27:26 Jonah 4:8; †ר׳ צָפוֹן north wind Proverbs 25:23; †ר׳ יָם sea wind (west wind) Exodus 10:19; †ר׳ הַיּוֹם day wind, evening wind Genesis 3:8 (J; compare Song of Songs 2:17; Song of Songs 4:6); †אַרְבַּע רוּחוֹת four winds Jeremiah 49:36 Ezekiel 37:9 (quarters?) Daniel 8:8; Daniel 11:4 (figuratively quarters; compare b), Zechariah 2:10; Zechariah 6:5; רוּחַ סְעָרָה storm wind Psalms 107:25; Psalms 148:8 Ezekiel 1:4 (ר׳ סְעָרוֹת), Ezekiel 13:11, Ezekiel 13:13; רוּחַ סֹעָה rushing wind Psalms 55:9 (read poss. סערה Hup); בַּעְיָם רוּחוֹ Isaiah 11:15 (read בְּעֹצֶם ר׳, see עֲיָם, עֹצֶם), etc.; wind personif.: כַּנְפֵי רוּחַ II Samuel 22:11 = Psalms 18:11, Psalms 104:3, compare Hosea 4:19 Psalms 104:4.

quarter (of wind), side: רוּחַ הַקָּדִים Ezekiel 42:16 east side; רוּחַ הַצָּפוֹן v Ezekiel 42:17 north side; רוּחַ הַדָּרוֹם v Ezekiel 42:18 south side; רוּחַ הַיָּם v Ezekiel 42:19 west side; אַרְבַּע רוּחוֹת v Ezekiel 42:20 I Chronicles 9:24 four sides; ר֑וּחָה Jeremiah 52:23 on the sides.

breath of air: שָׁאֲפוּ רוּחַ כַּתַּנִּים Jeremiah 14:6; רוּחַ לֹא יָבֹא בֵינֵיהֶם Job 41:8.

air, gas, from womb (doubtful); כְּמוֹ יָלַדְנוּ רוּחַ Isaiah 26:18 (Dillmann, e); רוּחֲכֶם אֵשׁ תֹּאכַלְכֶם (RV breath) Isaiah 33:11 (Duhm, 3 c).

vain, empty thing: רוּחַ חַיְּי֑ Job 7:7 my life is wind; דַּעַת רוּחַ Job 15:2; רוּחַ וָתֹהוּ נִסְכֵּיהֶם Isaiah 41:29; רְעוּת רוּחַ striving for wind Ecclesiastes 1:14; Ecclesiastes 2:11, Ecclesiastes 2:17, Ecclesiastes 2:26; Ecclesiastes 4:4, Ecclesiastes 4:6; Ecclesiastes 6:9; compare Ecclesiastes 1:17; Ecclesiastes 4:16; Ecclesiastes 5:15 Hosea 12:2 Psalms 78:39.

spirit, as breathing quickly in animation, agitation = temper, disposition (76 times; so, distinctively, as compared with נֶפֶשׁ and לֵבָב):

spirit, animation, vivacity, vigour: לֹא הָיָה בָהּ עוֹד רוּחַ I Kings 10:5 = II Chronicles 9:4; מַה־זֶּה רוּחֲךָ סָרָה I Kings 21:5; וַתְּחִי רוּחַ Genesis 45:27; וַתָּשָׁב רוּחוֹ Judges 15:19; I Samuel 30:12.

courage: לֹא הָיָה בָם עוֹד ר׳ Joshua 5:1; יִבְצֹר ר׳ נְגִידִים Psalms 76:13; וְנָֽבְקָה ר׳ מִצְרַיִם Isaiah 19:3; תתעטּף רוּחִי Psalms 77:4; Psalms 142:4; Psalms 143:4; עוֹד ר׳ לֹא קָמָה Joshua 2:11; ר׳ אִישׁ יְכַלְכֵּל מַחֲלֵהוּ Proverbs 18:14.

temper, especially anger: רוּחָ רָעָה בֵּין וגו׳ Judges 9:23; אָז רָֽפְתָה רוּחָם Judges 8:3; משֵׁל בְּרוּחוֹ Proverbs 16:32, compare Proverbs 25:28; Proverbs 29:11; Job 15:13; הֵנִיחוּ אֶת־רוּחִי Zechariah 6:8; Ecclesiastes 7:9; Ecclesiastes 10:4.

impatience or patience: קֹצֶר רוּחַ Exodus 6:9 impatience, hastiness of temper, compare (of י׳) Micah 2:7; קְצַר־רוּחַ Proverbs 14:29 (‖ אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם); הֱצִיקַתְנִי רוּחַ בִּטְנִי Job 32:18 (Duhm breath; Dillmann Budde divine spirit, compare v Job 32:8); אִם מַדּוּעַ לֹא־תִקְצַר רוּחִי Job 21:4; הֲקָצַר רוּחַ י׳ Micah 2:7; אֶרֶךְ ר׳ Ecclesiastes 7:8.

spirit, disposition, as troubled, bitter, or discontented; וַתִּפָּעֶם רוּח(י) (his) spirit was troubled Genesis 41:8 Daniel 2:3, compare v Daniel 2:1; מֹרַת רוּחַ Genesis 26:35 bitterness of spirit; עֲצוּבַת ר׳ Isaiah 54:6, compare Ezekiel 3:14; Job 6:4.

as crushed: וְכִהֲתָה כָל־רוּחַ Ezekiel 21:12, compare Isaiah 61:3; Proverbs 15:4, Proverbs 15:13; Proverbs 17:22; Proverbs 18:14 Psalms 143:7.

disposition of various kinds, often unaccountable and uncontrollable impulse: הֵעִיר אֶת־רוּחַ I Chronicles 5:26^(×2;) II Chronicles 21:16; II Chronicles 36:22; Ezra 1:1, Ezra 1:5; Jeremiah 51:11; Haggai 1:14^(×3); הִנְנִי ן(וֹ)תֵן בּוֹ רוּחַ II Kings 19:7 = Isaiah 37:7; Numbers 14:24 (J; see עִם 4 b), Malachi 2:15^(×2), Malachi 2:16; Deuteronomy 2:30; רוּחַ קִנְאָה jealous disposition Numbers 5:14^(×2), Numbers 5:30; רוּחַ זְנוּנִים Hosea 4:12; Hosea 5:4; רוּחַ עִוְעִים Isaiah 19:14; רוּחַ מִשְׁפָּט Isaiah 28:6; אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים בּוֹ (administrative) Genesis 41:38; קַר רוּחַ אִישׁ תְּבוּנָה Proverbs 17:27.

prophetic spirit: יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר־ רוּחַ בּוֹ Numbers 27:18 (P; or g, as Genesis 41:38); רוּחַ אֵלִיָּהוּ עַל־אֱלִישָׁע II Kings 2:15, compare v II Kings 2:9; רוּחַ תַּרְדֵּמָה spirit of deep sleep (ecstatic, compare Genesis 2:21; Genesis 15:12, but Dillmann al. g, as Isaiah 19:14) Isaiah 29:10; Micah 2:11; רוּחַ הַטֻּמְאָה Zechariah 13:2 (of lying proph.), compare Ezekiel 13:3.

spirit of the living, breathing being, dwelling in the בָּשָׂר of men and animals, ‖ נֶפֶשׁ (25 times):

gift and creation of God: יֹצֵר רוּחַ אָדָם בְּקִרְבּוֹ Zechariah 12:1; רוּחַ אֱלוֹהַּ בְּאַפִּי Job 27:3, compare Isaiah 42:5.

God preserves it: פְּקֻדָּֽתְךָ שָֽׁמְרָה רוּחִי Job 10:12, compare Job 12:10; אֱלֹהֵי הָרוּחֹת לְכָל בָּשָׂ֑ר Numbers 16:22; Numbers 27:16; תֹּכֵן רוּחוֹת Proverbs 16:2.

it is therefore God’s spirit: Genesis 6:3 (J; see דִּין ad fin.).

it departs at death: Psalms 78:39 (Driver a wind that passeth away 2 e); חַיֵּי רוּחִי Isaiah 38:16 (Dillmann principle of life), Psalms 146:4; especially Psalms 104:29, Psalms 104:30; Job 17:1; Job 34:14 (compare v Job 34:15), Isaiah 57:16; Ecclesiastes 8:8^(×2) (wind Wild); אֵינְךָ יוֹדֵעַ מַה־דֶּרֶךְ הָרוּחַ Ecclesiastes 11:5, compare Ecclesiastes 3:21; over ag. הָרוּחַ תָּשׁוּב אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִים אֲשֶׁר נְתָנָהּ Ecclesiastes 12:7; בְּיָֽדְךָ אַפְקִיד רוּחִי Psalms 31:6.

disembodied being (doubtful, Dillmann Duhm breath of wind): וְרוּחַ עַל־פָּנַי יַחֲלֹף Job 4:15.

spirit as seat of emotion = נֶפֶשׁ:

desire (poss. 3 g), Isaiah 26:9 (‖ נֶפֶשׁ).

sorrow, trouble (probably 3 e), Job 7:11 (‖ נֶפֶשׁ).—I Samuel 1:15 see קָשֶׁה.

occasionally (and late) = seat or organ of mental acts, ‖ לֵב, or synon. with it: רוּחַ חָכְמָה Exodus 28:3; Deuteronomy 34:9 (both P; probably 3 g); תֹּעֵי רוּחַ Isaiah 29:24, compare Job 20:3 (Hitzig Budde Duhm wind of Job’s words), Psalms 77:7 (Septuagint Sym Peshitta Jer troubled disposition); רוּחַ יהוה Isaiah 40:13; come into mind Ezekiel 11:5, Ezekiel 20:32 (compare לֵב Isaiah 65:17; Jeremiah 3:16 +); I Chronicles 28:12.

rarely of the will; also = לֵב: רוּחַ נָכוֹן Psalms 51:12 (= לֵב נָכוֹן Psalms 57:8^(×2) +); רוּחַ נְדִיבָה v Psalms 51:14; נָֽדְבָה רוּחוֹ Exodus 35:21 (P; compare נְדִיב לֵב Exodus 35:5, Exodus 35:22 II Chronicles 29:31).

רוּחַ especially of moral character; also = לֵב: רוחֵ חֲדָשָׁה Ezekiel 11:19; Ezekiel 18:31; Ezekiel 36:26; רוּחִו v Ezekiel 36:27 Isaiah 59:21 (רוּחִי, ‖ דְּבָרַי; but probably prophetic spirit 9 b); לֵב חָדָשׁ Ezekiel 18:31; Ezekiel 36:26; נְכֵה רוּחַ Isaiah 66:2; דַּכְּאֵי רוּחַ Psalms 34:19 (compare לֵב נִדְכָּאִים Isaiah 57:15); מִשֵּׁבֶר רוּחַ Isaiah 65:14 (compare 3rd feminine); רוּחַ נִשְׁבָּרָה Psalms 51:19; (‖ לֵב נִשְׁבָּר, compare נִשְׁבְּרֵי לֵב Psalms 34:19 Isaiah 61:1); Psalms 32:2; Proverbs 11:13; Proverbs 16:18 Psalms 78:8 Ecclesiastes 7:8 (compare גְּבַהּ לֵב Proverbs 16:5); שְׁפַל רוּחַ Proverbs 16:19; Proverbs 29:23; Isaiah 57:15; רוּחַ שְׁפָלִים v Isaiah 57:15 (compare 3rd feminine).

spirit of God (94 times; not D or Je or any Deut. writer; conception of its activity in inspiring prophecy probably discredited from abuse by false prophets, see נביא, נבא):

as inspiring ecstatic state of prophecy, Numbers 11:17, Numbers 11:25^(×2), Numbers 11:26, Numbers 11:29, I Samuel 10:6, I Samuel 10:10 (compare v I Samuel 10:5), I Samuel 19:20, I Samuel 19:23; as inciting to deeds of frenzy, in the ecstatic state; hence conceived as ר׳ אֱלֹהִים רָעָה I Samuel 16:15^(×2), I Samuel 16:16, = ר׳ רָעָה מֵאֵת י׳ v I Samuel 16:14 = צלח ר׳ א׳ רָעָה I Samuel 18:10 (other narrative) = ר׳ י׳ רָעָה I Samuel 19:9; ר׳ א׳ I Samuel 16:23 = רוּחַ הָרָעָה v I Samuel 16:23, compare הָרוּחַ I Kings 22:21 = ר׳ שֶׁקֶר v I Kings 22:22, I Kings 22:23 = II Chronicles 18:20, II Chronicles 18:21, II Chronicles 18:22 = רוּחַ י׳ I Kings 22:24 = II Chronicles 18:23; compare also (in earlier prophets) אִישׁ הָרוּחַ, that is one possessed by the spirit in the ecstatic state, ‖ הַנָּבִיא Hosea 9:7; רוּחַ י׳ Micah 3:8 (‖ כֹּחַ) is probably gloss. (Wellhausen Nowack); וְלֹא רוּחִי Isaiah 30:1; רוּחַ dealing with Ezek.: Ezekiel 2:2; Ezekiel 3:12, Ezekiel 3:14, Ezekiel 3:24; Ezekiel 8:3; Ezekiel 11:1, Ezekiel 11:5, Ezekiel 11:24 (Co gloss.), Ezekiel 37:1; Ezekiel 43:5 (all implying ecstatic state of vision), compare Elijah I Kings 18:12; II Kings 2:16.

spirit as impelling proph. to utter instruction or warning (higher and later conception): transition probably Numbers 24:2; II Samuel 23:2; I Chronicles 12:18; elsewhere in Ch.: II Chronicles 15:1; II Chronicles 20:14; II Chronicles 24:20; distinctly in Isaiah 11:2, Isaiah 48:16, compare Isaiah 61:1; so of ancient prophets, Zechariah 7:12 Nehemiah 9:30, compare, of future prophetic gift, Joel 3:1, Joel 3:2.

imparting warlike energy, and executive and administrative power: (1) to שֹׁפְטִים, מושִׁיעִים, מְלָכִים, of ancient Isr.: וַתְּהִי רוּחַ י׳ על Judges 3:10; Judges 11:29, compare Judges 6:34; Judges 13:25; Judges 14:6, Judges 14:19; Judges 15:14; I Samuel 11:6; I Samuel 16:13, I Samuel 16:14; so also עַד יֵעָרֶה עָלֵינוּ רוּחַ מִמָּרוֹם Isaiah 32:15; (2) resting upon Messianic king: Isaiah 11:2^(×3); upon servant of י׳, Isaiah 42:1.

late, as endowing men with various gifts: technical skill Exodus 31:3; Exodus 35:31; understanding Job 32:8 (‖ נִשְׁמַת שַׁדַּי); poured out by divine wisdom Proverbs 1:23.

as energy of life: רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים מְרַחֶפֶת עַל־פְּנֵי הַמָּ֑יִם Genesis 1:2; רוּחַ אֵל עָשָׂ֑תְנִי Job 33:4 (‖ נִשְׁמַת שַׁדַּי); as vital power, opposite בָּשָׂר: Isaiah 31:3; in cherubic chariot: Ezekiel 1:12, compare v Ezekiel 1:20, Ezekiel 1:21; Ezekiel 10:17; reviving Israel Ezekiel 39:29; Zechariah 12:10; Isaiah 44:3.

= ancient angel of the presence and later Shekina: ר׳ קָדְשׁוֹ Isaiah 63:10, Isaiah 63:11 = ר׳ י׳ v Isaiah 63:14 (= מַלְאַךְ פָּנָיו v Isaiah 63:9), compare Psalms 106:33; so also ר׳ קָדְשְׁךָ Psalms 51:13 (in national prayer), compare Nehemiah 9:20 Psalms 143:10; proph. of restoration conceive of the divine spirit as standing in their midst and about to fulfil all divine promises: רוּחִי עֹמֶדֶת בְּתוֹכֲכֶם Haggai 2:5; Zechariah 4:6; this conception culminates in רוּחַ = divine Presence, and as such omnipresent, Psalms 139:7 (‖ פָּנֶיךָ; compare v Psalms 139:8).

רֵיחַ

noun (masc.) Jeremiah 48:11 scent, odour (proposes breath);—absolute Song of Songs 2:13 +, usually construct Genesis 8:21 +; with suffix רֵיחוֹ Jeremiah 48:11 Song of Songs 1:12, רֵיחֵנוּ Exodus 5:21;—

scent, odour, of plants and fields Genesis 27:27 Song of Songs 1:12; Song of Songs 2:3; Song of Songs 4:11; Song of Songs 7:14 Hosea 14:7, of ointments Song of Songs 1:13; Song of Songs 4:10, of person and garments Genesis 27:27^(×2) Song of Songs 4:11; Song of Songs 7:9, of water Job 14:9; figuratively of influence, reputation Exodus 5:21 Jeremiah 48:11.

term. techn., רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ odour of soothing (to God), tranquillizing odour (of ascending sacrifices, see נִיחֹחַ) Genesis 8:21, elsewhere Ezekiel 6:13; Ezekiel 16:19; Ezekiel 20:28, Ezekiel 20:41 and P: Exodus 29:18, Exodus 29:25, Exodus 29:41 Leviticus 1:9 + 16 times Lv, Numbers 15:3 + 17 times Nu.

רִיחַ

verb denom.

(?), smell, perceive odour;—future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָרִיחַ Job 39:25, יָרַח I Samuel 26:19 + 2 times; וַיָּ֫רַח Genesis 8:21; 3rd masculine plural יְרִיח֑וּן Psalms 115:6, יְרִיחֻ֑ן Deuteronomy 4:28, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct הָרִיחַ Exodus 30:38, etc.;—smell, with a direct object Genesis 8:21; Genesis 27:27, I Samuel 26:19; absolute Deuteronomy 4:28 Psalms 115:6; metaphorically בַּהֲרִיחוֹ אֵשׁ Judges 16:9, יָרִיחַ מִלְחָמָה Job 39:25 the horse scenteth battle; c. ב Exodus 30:38; Leviticus 26:31 (both P); metaphorically = delight in Amos 5:21; Isaiah 11:3 (probably dittogr. Br^{MP 202}).

רֶ֫וַח

noun (masc.)

space, interval Genesis 32:17 (E; בֵּין … וּבֵין).

respite, relief, Esther 4:14.

רְוָיָה²

רוּם

verb be high, exalted, rise (OHeb, Phoenician, Old Aramaic, Palmyrene, all in n.pr.; Sab. in רים epith. dei et regis Fell^{ZMG liv (1900), 25f.} also in n.pr. Mordtm ^{ib. xxx (1876), 36} SabDenkm^{Noldeke. 14, 1. 1}; Arabic رام be high, dial. of Oman (Jayakar^{JA xxi. 813, 875}) and Zanzibar (Prä^{ZMG xxxiv (1880), 218}); Ethiopic in deriv.; Aramaic רָם ܪܘܡ (very often in der. spec. and deriv.));—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular consec. וְרָם Deuteronomy 8:14 +; 3rd feminine singular רָ֫מָה I Samuel 2:1 +; וְרָאֲמָה Zechariah 14:10 see רָאַם; 3rd plural רָמוּ Proverbs 30:13 Psalms 131:1, רָ֑מּוּ Job 22:12 (Baer Gi; Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 20 l); future (עתיד) יָרוּם Isaiah 30:18 +, juss. יָרֹם Numbers 24:7, וַיָּ֫רָם Hosea 13:6 Ezekiel 10:4 [וַיָּרֻם Exodus 16:20 see רמם]; 3rd masculine plural יְרֻמ֑וּן Isaiah 49:11, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. ר֫וּמָה Psalms 21:14 +; infinitive (מקור) construct רוּם Deuteronomy 17:20 Ezekiel 10:16, כְּרֻם Psalms 12:9 [Bae conjunction כֶּרֶם, with suffix רוֹמָם Ezekiel 10:17 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 72 q); participle (בינוני) רָם Isaiah 6:1 +, plural רָמִים Isaiah 2:13 +, construct רָמֵי Isaiah 10:33, etc.;—

be high, literally rock (in figuratively) Psalms 61:3 (מִן comp.); be (set on) high, רָ֑מּוּ Job 22:12 (of stars), especially pt., = adjective, in generally Isaiah 2:12 (+ גֵּאֶה), of mts. v Isaiah 2:14; Deuteronomy 12:2, hill Ezekiel 6:13, Ezekiel 20:28; Ezekiel 34:6, throne Isaiah 6:1, trees = tall Isaiah 2:13 Ezekiel 17:22, compare (in figuratively) Isaiah 10:33 (רָמֵי הַקּוֹמָה); human stature Deuteronomy 1:28 (מִן comp.), Deuteronomy 2:10, Deuteronomy 2:21; Deuteronomy 9:2; רָמִים Psalms 78:69 heights (of heaven; ‖ אֶרֶץ); רָמִים of inhab. of heavens Job 21:22.

especially of י׳, רָם וְנִשָּׂא Isaiah 57:15, compare Psalms 138:6, + עַל־כַּל־הָעַמִּים Psalms 99:2, גּוֹיִם Psalms 113:4.

be raised, uplifted:

of highway Isaiah 49:11 (made high, put in order); voice, Deuteronomy 27:14 (pt. = adjective) uplifted.

figuratively: of hand, symbol of might, Deuteronomy 32:27, + עַל person Micah 5:8; of Isr. in Exodus בְּיָד רָמָה Exodus 14:8; Numbers 33:3 (both P); of י׳’s hand Isaiah 26:11 Psalms 89:14 (‖ תָּעֹז); figuratively of presumption Numbers 15:30; זְרוֹעַ רָמָה of might Job 38:15; of eyes, figuratively of arrogance Proverbs 6:17; Proverbs 30:13 Psalms 131:1 (‖ גָּבַהּ לִבִּי), so Psalms 18:28, but ‖ II Samuel 22:28 of person; of heart, figuratively of reckless elation, Hosea 13:6; Deuteronomy 8:14; Ezekiel 31:10 (בְּגָבְהוֹ, ‖ גָּבַהְתָּ בְּקוֹמָה) Daniel 11:12, + מִן person Deuteronomy 17:20; of horn, figuratively of triumph I Samuel 2:1 (song), Psalms 89:25 (v Psalms 89:18 see Hiph.), Psalms 112:9, so head Psalms 27:6 (+ עַל person), Psalms 140:9 (join ירומו to v Psalms 89:10, but read יָרִימוּ Cheyne, compare Hup-Nowack).

of person, be exalted (in figuratively), king Numbers 24:7 (JE; + מִן comp.; ‖ תִּנַּשֵּׂא); of God (י׳, that is shew his exaltation) Isaiah 30:18; II Samuel 22:47 = Psalms 18:47, Psalms 21:14; Psalms 46:11^(×2), + עַל־(הַ)שָּׁמַיִם Psalms 57:6, Psalms 57:12; Psalms 108:6; עֶבֶד י׳ Isaiah 52:13, י׳’s people Psalms 89:17; rebellious Psalms 66:7 (Qr; Kt Hiph.: shew exaltation); worthlessness (personif.) Psalms 12:9; foe Psalms 13:3; city Proverbs 11:11.

be lifted, rise, of ark, מֵעַל־הארץ Genesis 7:17, so of cherubim Ezekiel 10:16, compare v Ezekiel 10:17; כְּבוֹד י׳ v Ezekiel 10:4 (מֵעַל הַכְּרוּב).—Proverbs 24:7 see i. רָאמוֹת p. 910b.

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular with suffix רֹמְמָ֑תְהוּ Ezekiel 31:4; 1st singular רוֹמַמְתִּי Isaiah 1:2; Isaiah 23:4; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְרוֹמֵם Hosea 11:7, with suffix יְרוֹמְמֵנִי Psalms 27:5, וִירוֹמִמְךָ Psalms 37:34; 1st singular with suffix וַאֲרֹמְמֶ֑נְהוּ Exodus 15:2 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 58 i), etc. (אֵרוֹמָם see Hithpōʿl.); imperative (ציווי) mpl. רוֹמְמוּ Psalms 99:5, Psalms 99:9; infinitive (מקור) construct לְרוֹמֵם Ezra 9:9; participle (בינוני) מְרוֹמֵם I Samuel 2:7, with suffix מְרוֹמְמִי Psalms 9:14, f. רוֹמֵמָה Psalms 118:16 (מ om., Hup-Nowack Bae; compare Konig^{i. 454});—

raise, rear, children Isaiah 1:2; Isaiah 23:4 (both ‖ גִּדֵּל).

cause tree to grow, subj. תְּהוֹם Ezekiel 31:4 (‖ גִּדֵּל).

rear, erect, temple Ezra 9:9.

lift up:

in figuratively, direct object person, subj. י׳ Psalms 27:5 (+ בְּצוּר); + מִן comp. II Samuel 22:49 = Psalms 18:49, + מִן from Psalms 9:14; direct object om. Hosea 11:7 (si vera l., compare Wellhausen Nowack).

raise waves of sea, subj. wind, Psalms 107:25.

exalt, direct object person, subj. י׳ Job 17:4 (read perhaps תְּרִמֵם, so Budde, compare Dillmann), Psalms 37:34 (+ לָרֶשֶׁת אָ֑רֶץ); direct object om. I Samuel 2:7 Psalms 118:16 (in victory); subj. wisdom, direct object person Proverbs 4:8, compare צְדָקָה תְּרוֹמֵם־גּוֹי Proverbs 14:34.

exalt, extol, direct object י׳, Psalms 30:2, ‖ אוֹדֶה Isaiah 25:1 Psalms 118:28, ‖ הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ Psalms 99:5, Psalms 99:9, ‖ הִלֵּל Psalms 107:32, ‖ בֵּרַךְ Psalms 145:1, ‖ אַנְוֵהוּ Exodus 15:2; direct object שֵׁם י׳ Psalms 34:4 (‖ גִּדֵּל).

future (עתיד) 3rd feminine plural תְּרוֹמַמְנָה Psalms 75:11 be lifted up, of horns (compare Qal 2 b); past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular וְרוֹמַם Psalms 66:17 and he was extolled (so Ki al.; but see רוֹמָם below); participle (בינוני) מְרוֹמַם Nehemiah 9:5 extolled, of י׳’s name (compare Pōʿlēl 3), + עַל־בְּרָכָה וג׳.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הֵרִים I Kings 11:27 +; 2nd masculine singular הֲרִימוֹתָ II Kings 19:22 Psalms 89:43, וַהֲרֵמֹתָ֫ Numbers 31:28; 2nd masculine plural consec. וַהֲרֵמֹתֶם Numbers 18:26, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָרִים Genesis 41:44 +, juss. יָרֵם Numbers 17:2; I Samuel 2:10, וַיָּ֫רֶם Exodus 7:20 +, with suffix וַיְרִימֶהָ Genesis 31:45, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. הָרֵם Exodus 14:16; Isaiah 58:1, הָרִימָה Psalms 74:3, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct הָרִים Isaiah 10:15 +, with suffix הֲרִימִי Genesis 39:18, etc.; participle (בינוני) מֵרִים Exodus 35:24 +, etc.;—

(1) raise, lift, with a direct object, hand Exodus 17:11, Numbers 20:11, + אֶל־י׳ (in oath) Genesis 14:22 compare (אֶל־הַשָּׁמַיִם) Daniel 12:7, + ב person against I Kings 11:26, I Kings 11:27; feet; פְּעָמִים Psalms 74:3, that is run (+ ל dir.); hand or foot Genesis 41:44, that is make any movement (hyperb.); head Psalms 110:7 (Assyrian ullû rêšu Delitzsch^{HWB 62a}), compare יָרִימוּ Psalms 140:9 (so read, see Qal 2 b); face, אֶל־י׳ Ezra 9:6; hand of another, subj. י׳, figuratively of giving strength to, Psalms 89:43, so head Psalms 3:4; with a direct object of rod Isaiah 10:15; Exodus 14:16, הֵרִים בַּמַּטֶּה Exodus 7:20; rod subj., with a direct object rei Isaiah 10:15. (2) raise poor אֶבְיוֹן, c. מִן location I Samuel 2:8 Psalms 113:7.

lift up voice Genesis 39:15, Genesis 39:18 (J; both + קָרָא), Isaiah 40:9^(×2) (direct object om.), Isaiah 58:1; Ezra 3:12; + בִּתְרוּעָה Ezekiel 21:27, בַּחֲצֹצְרוֹת II Chronicles 5:13; + ל person Isaiah 13:2, לָעָב Job 38:34, + עָל person against II Kings 19:22 = Isaiah 37:23; הֵרִים בְּקוֹל I Chronicles 15:16.

(take into one’s hand and) lift, take up, stone Joshua 4:5 (JE; עַל־שִׁכְמוֹ), leg (of sacrif. meal) I Samuel 9:24, mantle II Kings 2:13, axe II Kings 6:7⁷ (direct object om.), yoke Hosea 11:4 (עַל־לְחֵיהֶם), censers Numbers 17:2 (P; + מִבֵּין), ashes Leviticus 6:3.

set up, erect, stone as מַצֵּבָה Genesis 31:45; standard, + אֶל of people Isaiah 49:22, עַל Isaiah 62:10.

set on high, throne, מִמַּעַל לְכוֹכְבֵי אֵל Isaiah 14:13; nest (subj. נֶשֶׁר) Job 39:27.

lift up, exalt, with a direct object person, subj. י׳ I Kings 14:7; I Kings 16:2 Psalms 89:20 (all c. מִן), Psalms 75:8 (opposite יַשְׁפִּיל); subj. קָלוֹן Proverbs 3:35, compare Proverbs 14:29; with a direct object קֶרֶן, in both good and bad sense (compare Qal 2 b) I Samuel 2:10; Lamentations 2:17 (לַמָּרוֹם), Psalms 89:18 (Kt; Qr Qal), Psalms 92:11; Psalms 148:14 Psalms 75:5, Psalms 75:6; but I Chronicles 25:5 sound the horn; inf. = exaltation Psalms 75:7; Psalms 66:7 see Qal 2 c.

lift up and take away, remove, with a direct object הָעֲטָרָה Ezekiel 21:31; direct object rei + מִן location Isaiah 57:14, Leviticus 2:9; Leviticus 4:8, Leviticus 4:19; Leviticus 6:8 Numbers 18:30, Numbers 18:32; = do away with, גְּרֻשֹׁתֵיכֶם Ezekiel 45:9 (מֵעַל of people), הַתָּמִיד Daniel 8:11 (Kt; Qr Hoph.); = set apart, מֶכֶס Numbers 31:28 (מִן person).

lift off and present, contribute, offer:

to י׳, with a direct object cogn. תְּרוּמָה, Ezekiel 45:13; Ezekiel 48:8, Ezekiel 48:20; Numbers 15:20^(×2), Exodus 35:24; + לי׳ Ezekiel 45:1; Ezekiel 48:9; Numbers 15:19; Numbers 18:19, Numbers 18:24; Numbers 31:52; תְּרוּמַת י׳ Numbers 18:26 (+ מִן rei), v Numbers 31:28, Numbers 31:29 (all P); ת׳ בֵּית־א׳ Ezra 8:25.

with a direct object rei, + לְי׳ Leviticus 22:15.

contribute, direct object rei, ל person (for sacrif.), II Chronicles 30:24^(×2;) II Chronicles 35:7, II Chronicles 35:8 (direct object om.), v II Chronicles 30:9.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הוּרָ֑ם Exodus 29:27, הֻרַם Daniel 8:11 Qr (Kt Hiph.); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יוּרָם Leviticus 4:10;—be taken off from (מִן) Leviticus 4:10, compare Exodus 29:27 (P; ‖ הוּנַף); be abolished Daniel 8:11 Qr (compare Hiph. 2); Bev (after Septuagint) ins. participle (בינוני) מוּרָם after הַתָּמִיד v Daniel 8:13.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיִתְרוֹמֵם וַיִתְגַּדֵּל עַל־כָּל־אֵל Daniel 11:36 and he shall exalt and magnify himself above, etc.; 1st singular (ת assim.) אֵרוֹמָ֔ם Isaiah 33:10 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 54c Konig^{i. 454}) I will raise myself (+ אָקוּם, אֶנָּשֵׂא).

רוּם²

n.[m.] height, haughtiness (proposes inf.);—absolute ר׳,

height, loftiness, שָׁמַיִם לָר׳ וָאָרֶץ לָעֹמֶק Proverbs 25:3; construct רוּם עֵינַיִם figuratively of haughtiness Isaiah 10:12 (‖ גֹּדֶל לֵבָב), Proverbs 21:4 (‖ רְחַב־לֵב); so רֻם לִבּוֹ Jeremiah 48:29 (‖ גַּאֲוָה, גָּאוֹן, גֹּבַתּ); then alone:

haughtiness, רוּם אֲנָשִׁים Isaiah 2:11, Isaiah 2:17 (both ‖ גַּבְהוּת).

רוֹם

adverb on high, of direction (compare מָרוֹם 2) רוֹם יָדֵיהוּ נָשָׂא Habakkuk 3:10 (subj. תְּהוֹם).

רוּמָה

n.pr.location מִן־ר׳ II Kings 23:36; (ἐκ) Κρουμα, Α Ρυμα, SeptuagintL Λοβεννα; poss. = [אֲרוּמָה] Judges 9:41 (q. l. perhaps also v Judges 9:31, see GFM), yet compare Kittel Benz.

רוֹמָה

adverb haughtily, לֹא תֵלְכוּ ר׳ Micah 2:3.

רָם

n.pr.m.

an ancestor of David, Ruth 4:19^(×2), brother of Jerachmeel I Chronicles 2:9, I Chronicles 2:10.

son of J. I Chronicles 2:25, I Chronicles 2:27.—Αρραν, Ραμ, etc.

name of Elihu’s family, Job 32:2 (Ραμ[α], Αραμ), doubtful, compare Budde.

רָמָה

noun (fem.) height, high-place;—absolute ר׳ as term. techn. (compare בָּמָה), = shrine (for illicit worship): Ezekiel 16:25; ‖ גַּב v Ezekiel 16:24, Ezekiel 16:31, Ezekiel 16:39; so perhaps I Samuel 22:6, but read probably בָּמָה, Septuagint Βαμα (A Ραμμα), HPS.

רָמָה²

n.pr.location usually c. art. הָר׳ the Height, Rama, הָרָמָה (except Jeremiah 31:15 Nehemiah 11:33):

in Benj., on border of Ephr., Hosea 5:8; I Kings 15:17, I Kings 15:21, I Kings 15:22 = II Chronicles 16:1, II Chronicles 16:5, II Chronicles 16:6; Judges 4:5; Judges 19:3; Isaiah 10:29; Jeremiah 31:15; Jeremiah 40:1; Joshua 18:25, Ezra 2:26 = Nehemiah 7:29, probably also Nehemiah 11:33; Septuagint usually Ραμα; mod. er-Râm, 5 miles N. of Jerus., Buhl^{Geogr. 172}.

in hill-country of Ephr. (= 1?), home of Samuel I Samuel 1:19; I Samuel 2:11; I Samuel 7:17; I Samuel 8:4; I Samuel 15:34; I Samuel 16:13; I Samuel 19:18, I Samuel 19:22a (all c. ה location, הָרָמָ֫תָה), v I Samuel 19:19, I Samuel 19:22b, I Samuel 19:23^(×2); I Samuel 20:1; I Samuel 25:1; I Samuel 28:3, = הָרָמָתַיִם I Samuel 1:1 (see צוּפִי); Septuagint Αρμαθαιμ, Ραμα; perhaps (if distinct from 1) = Beit-Rima, 13 miles ENE. of Lydda (GASm^{Geogr. 254} Buhl^{Geogr. 170}); or Râm-allah, 3rd masculine SW. of Bethel (Ewald^{Hist. ii. 421} al.) [compare also Ἀριμαθαία Mt 27:57 +].

in Asher Joshua 19:29, Ραμα; perhaps Râmiye, c. 12 miles E. of Ladder of Tyre Rob^{BR iii. 79} Buhl^{Geogr. 231}.

in Naphtali, Joshua 19:36, Αραηλ, A SeptuagintL Ραμα; mod. Râmeh, c. 8 miles WSW. of Safed Buhl^{Geogr. 222}.

(בָּ)רָמָה II Kings 8:29 = II Chronicles 22:6 (Ρεμμωθ, Ραμωθ; SeptuagintL Ραμαθ Γαλ.), see רָמוֹת 1—Vid. Driver^{Hast. DB. RAMAH}.

רָ(א)מוֹת

n.pr.

location Heights, Ramôth;—

in Gilead, רָמֹת בַּגִּלְעָד Joshua 21:38 (Gi; van d. H. Baer v Joshua 21:36; P), רָאמוֹת בַּגּ׳ (of Gad) Deuteronomy 4:43; I Chronicles 6:65, רָאמֹת בַּגּ׳ Joshua 20:8, Ραμωθ [Joshua 20:8 Αρημωθ] ἐν (τῇ) Γαλααδ; usually רָמֹת ג׳ (Ρεμμαθ [Ερεμαθ, Ραμωθ, Ραμα(θ)] Γαλ., etc.) I Kings 4:13 + 19 times K Ch (see גִּלְעָד 1 d); = ii. רָמָה 5, q.see; site doubtful; Onom. (Lagarde ^{287. 91}) 15 m. W. of Philadelphia [Jer Ib. ^{145. 31} says E!], hence Dillmann Genesis 31:54 Buhl^{G. 261f.} conjunction el-Jalʿaud, c. 17 Eng. m. NW. of Phil., and 3rd masculine S. of Yabboḳ; SMerill ^{E. of Jordan, 284ff.; Hast. DB. Ramoth G.} conjunction (on generally grounds) Jerash, c. 28 m. N. of Phil.; GASm^{G. 586} some place just S. of Yarmuk, compare GACooke in Driver Dt ^{Add. xviiif.}, q.see especially against es-Salṭ (Seetzen al.).

רָמוֹת־נֶגֶב I Samuel 30:27, see רָ(א)מַת 3.

רָאמוֹת, Levit. city in Issachar I Chronicles 6:58 (Δαβωρ, SeptuagintL Ραμωθ), probably = רֶ֫מֶת Joshua 19:21 (P; Ρεμμας, A Ραμαθ), and יַרְמוּת 2, Joshua 21:29, q.see p. 438 (see also Dillmann Joshua 19:21).

(וְ)רָמוֹת Ezra 10:29 Qr (Kt ירמות) see יְרֵימוֹת 5 c, p. 438.

רָמָתַיִם

n.pr.location הָר׳ I Samuel 1:1, see ii. רָמָה 2.

רוּן

verb overcome (compare Arabic رَانَ (ى), c. على or ب person, overcome, for example of wine);—assumed in Hebrew by Gesenius' Thesaurus (after Septuagint) and most mod. to explain Hithpōʿ. participle (בינוני) כְּגִבּוֹר מִמְרוֹנֵן מִיָּ֑יִן Psalms 78:65 like a hero overcome by wine (compare ‖ v a); AV RV De Cheyne al. shout (√ רנן), compare Targum; so Hup-Nowack, with altern. conjunction מִתְעוֹרֵר, and this sense more suitable (compare Luzzatto ^{Il Pentateuco iii (1874), 162 (Lv 21, 7)} Perles ⁷⁹).—Proverbs 29:6 see רנן, רוץ.

רֵעַ

n.verb. shouting, roar, but doubtful;—קוֹל הָעָם בְּרֵעֹה֯ Exodus 32:17 sound of the people as they shouted (read infinitive (מקור) construct בָּרִעֹה for בְּהָרִיעוֹ compare √ 5); יַגִּיד עָלָיו רֵע֑וֹ Job 36:33 the roar thereof telleth of him (< רַעְמוֹ his thunder, so Budde); לָמָּה תָרִיעִי רֵעַ Micah 4:9 why criest thou out with a crying? (butv. √ 6). ii, iii. רֵעַ see ii, iii. רעה; רַע, רֹעַ see דעע.

רוּץ

verb run (Mishnaic Hebrew the same (rare); Ethiopic ሮጸ Zinj. past (עבר) 1st singular רצת; = Aramaic רְהַט; ܪܗܰܛ (W^{SG 47}); compare Assyrian râṣu, be helpful (that is run to help?));—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular רָץ Genesis 18:7; 2nd masculine singular רַצְתָּה Jeremiah 12:5, etc.; future (עתיד) יָרוּץ Habakkuk 2:2 +, יָרֻץ Job 16:14, וַיָּ֫רָץ Genesis 18:2 +, וַיָּרֹ֑ץ II Samuel 18:21; 1st singular with suffix ארוצם Jeremiah 50:44 Kt (but < Qr Hiph., v. infr.), etc. [v. also רצץ]; imperative (ציווי) ms. רוּץ II Samuel 18:23 II Kings 4:26, רֻץ I Samuel 20:36 Zechariah 2:8; infinitive (מקור) construct לָרוּץ I Samuel 20:6 +; participle (בינוני) רָץ II Samuel 18:22 +, plural רָצִים I Samuel 22:17 +, רָצִין II Kings 11:13 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 87 e);—

run, c. אֶל location Genesis 18:7; Genesis 24:20 (both J), Numbers 17:12, אֶל person Genesis 24:29 (J; + ה location), I Samuel 3:5; Isaiah 55:5 (figuratively), with hostility, against, Job 15:26 (figuratively), so goat against ram Daniel 8:6, עַלִ person, against Job 16:14; ה location also Joshua 7:22, לְבֵיתוֹ Haggai 1:9, לָרַע Isaiah 59:7; Proverbs 1:16; direct object location I Samuel 20:6; I Samuel 17:22, I Samuel 17:48 (+ לִקְרַאת); ב location on (ב II. 2), of horses Amos 6:12, locusts Joel 2:9; into Proverbs 18:10 (figuratively); מִן location I Samuel 4:12, so Masoretic Text II Kings 23:12 (= he went quickly thence, but text perhaps corrupt, see Kittel Benz, and compare> Hiph. below); אַחֲרֵי person II Samuel 18:22; I Kings 19:20; II Kings 5:20, II Kings 5:21; Song of Songs 1:4, עַד person II Kings 4:22; לִפְנֵי person II Samuel 15:1; I Kings 1:5 (both of royal escort, 2), I Kings 18:46 (+ עַד location), לִפְנֵי rei I Samuel 8:11; אֵת person accomp. Jeremiah 12:5; with a direct object of way, אֹרַח Psalms 19:6, דֶּרֶךְ II Samuel 18:23; Psalms 119:132 (figuratively); as prelim., + inf. לִקְרַאת run to meet Genesis 18:2; Genesis 24:17; Genesis 29:13; Genesis 33:4 (all J), II Kings 4:26; Jeremiah 51:31 + verb fin. Genesis 24:28; Genesis 29:12 (both J), Numbers 11:27; Joshua 8:19 (both JE), Judges 7:21; Judges 13:10; I Samuel 10:23; I Samuel 17:51; II Samuel 18:19; Psalms 59:5; as imv. + imv. I Samuel 20:36; Zechariah 2:8; absolute I Samuel 20:36; Isaiah 40:31; II Chronicles 23:12 (see 2 a), Proverbs 4:12; Proverbs 6:18 (of feet), of locusts Joel 2:4, Joel 2:7; specif., run as messenger II Samuel 18:21, II Samuel 18:22, II Samuel 18:23^(×2), II Samuel 18:24, II Samuel 18:26^(×2), figuratively of prophet’s activity Jeremiah 23:21, of י׳’s word Psalms 147:15; figuratively of reading smoothly, יָרוּץ קוֹרֵא בוֹ Habakkuk 2:2.—Psalms 18:30 = II Samuel 22:30 read אָרֹץ (for אָרֻץ, אָרוּץ), √ רצץ Ewald Olshausen Cheyne Bae al.

participle (בינוני) as noun:

plural הָרָצִים the runners (proposes 3, as royal escort, compare verb II Samuel 15:1; I Kings 1:5; then) of royal body-guard I Samuel 22:17; I Kings 14:27, I Kings 14:28^(×2) = II Chronicles 12:10, II Chronicles 12:11^(×2); II Kings 10:25^(×2); II Kings 11:4, II Kings 11:6, II Kings 11:11, II Kings 11:19^(×2).—(הָעָם) הָרָצִין vII Kings 11:13 is gloss (Kittel Benz; whence [easier] הָעָם הָרָצִים II Chronicles 23:12 see 1).—Proverbs 29:6 for יָרֻן Pinsk Toy favour יָרוּץ.

runner = (royal messenger, post, late), רָץ Jeremiah 51:31^(×2) (‖ מַגִּיד), compare Job 9:25 (as swift); הָרָצִים II Chronicles 30:6, II Chronicles 30:10; Esther 3:13, Esther 3:15, riders הָר׳ בַּסּוּסִים Esther 8:10, הָר׳ רֹכְבֵי הָרֶכֶשׁ vEsther 3:14. Pōʿlēl future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יְרוֹצֵ֑צוּ Nahum 2:5 they run swiftly, dart (like lightning; of chariots).

cause to run:

bring, or move, quickly, future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural with suffix וַיְרִיצֻהוּ, מִן location Genesis 41:14, read perhaps also 3rd masculine singular וַיָּרֶץ II Kings 23:12 (direct object om.; for Masoretic Text וַיָּרָץ see Qal); ל person, direct object rei om. וַיָּרִיצוּ II Chronicles 35:13; imperative (ציווי) ms. הָרֵץ I Samuel 17:17 (+ direct object location, ל person); future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תָּרִיץ יָדָיו Psalms 68:32 quickly stretch out hands, לֵאלֹהִים (viz. with offerings).

c. מֵעַל = drive away from, 1st singular, with suffix 3rd masculine singular, אֲרִיצֶנּוּ Jeremiah 49:19, so read probably also in ‖ Jeremiah 50:44 (Qr אֲרִיצֵם, > Kt ארוצם).

רוּשׁ

verb be in want, poor (related to ירשׁ [compare

3,

3

רִישׁ

noun (masc.) poverty, only Pr;—רִישׁ Proverbs 28:19, with suffix רִישׁוֹ Proverbs 31:7; רֵישׁ Proverbs 13:18, with suffix רֵישֶׁ֑ךָ Proverbs 24:34 (‖ מַחְסֹרֶיךָ), רֵישָׁם Proverbs 10:15 (opposite עָשִׁיר); רֵאשׁ Proverbs 30:8 (opposite עֹשֶׁר), with suffix רֵאשֶׁ֑ךָ Proverbs 6:11 (= Proverbs 24:34, ‖ the same).

רוּת

n.pr.f. see sub רעה.

רָזָה

verb be or grow lean (Arabic رَذِىَ grow thin and weak);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular רָזָה Zephaniah 2:11 obj. false gods, appar. make lean (Vulgate attenuavit; Septuagint is ἑξολεθρεύσει), but sense strange, < רִזָה (see Arabic above), yet even this very doubtful.

be made lean, future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular מִשְׁמַן בְּשָׂרוֹ יֵרָוֶה Isaiah 17:4.

רָזֶה

adjective lean (on formation compare Lagarde^{BN 49});—fs. רָזָה, Ezekiel 34:20 (of שֶׂה; opposite בִּרְיָה), of land, = barren, Numbers 13:20 (JE; opposite שְׁמֵנָה).

רָזִי

n.[m.] leanness, wasting;—רָזִי־לִי Isaiah 24:16^(×2) to me, wasting! (opposite צְבִי).

רָזוֹן

n.[m.] leanness, wasting, scantness;—absolute ר׳:

leanness Isaiah 10:16 (figuratively; opposite מִשְׁמַנָּיו).

wasting, that is wasting disease, Psalms 106:15 (compare Bae).

אֵיפַת ר׳ Micah 6:10 ephah of scantness, scant measure.—ii. רָזוֹן see רזן.

רָזִי²

רָזוֹן²

noun (masc.) potentate;—absolute ר׳ Proverbs 14:28 (‖ מֶלֶךְ).—1. רָווֹן see under רזה above

רְזוֹן

n. pr. m. founder of kingdom of Damascus, Solomon’s time, I Kings 11:23; Septuagint (v I Kings 11:14) Εσρωμ [A v I Kings 11:23 Ραζων]; indentified with חֶזְיוֹן I Kings 15:18 by Th Klostermann (reading חזרון), but compare Kittel Benz.

רָחַב

[? also רָחֹב, so Lagarde^{BN 31}; compare also Id. ^{ib. 52 f.}] verb be, or grow, wide, large (Mishnaic Hebrew in der. spec. (rare) and deriv.; Arabic رَحُبَ / رَحِبَ, Ethiopic ርሕበ: Sab. in epith. dei Fell^{ZMG liv (1900), 249}, and n.pr. CIS^{iv. no. 1, 3} etc.; Assyrian in rêbitu, open place; Aramaic רְחַב in deriv.);—Qal past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ר׳ פִּי I Samuel 2:1, + עַל against (that is to devour, in figuratively; compare Hiph.); consec. וּפָחַד וְר׳ לְבָבֵךְ Isaiah 60:5 be widened, enlarged, relieved, and expanded with joy (compare Hiph. 2); 3rd feminine singular וְרָֽחֲבָה וְנָֽסְבָה Ezekiel 41:7 probably error, Co רָחְבָּהּ וְנוֹסָפָה, Toy וְהָרֹחַב נוֹסַף, Krae וְיָֽסְפוּ רָֽחֲבוּ [וְ?]. Niph. participle (בינוני) as adjective כַּר נִרְחָב Isaiah 30:23 a broad, roomy, pasture. Hiph. past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִרְחִיב Genesis 26:22; Habakkuk 2:5, הִרְחִ֑ב Isaiah 30:33; 2nd masculine singular הִרְחַבְתָּ Psalms 4:2, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַרְחִיב Deuteronomy 12:20 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. הַרְחֶב־ Psalms 81:11 (compare also Psalms 25:17 below); fs. הַרְחִיבִי Isaiah 54:2, הַרְחִבִי Micah 1:16; infinitive (מקור) construct הַרְחִיב Amos 1:13; participle (בינוני) מַרְחִיב Deuteronomy 33:20;—

make large, with a direct object baldness Micah 1:16 (sign of mourning), fun. pile Isaiah 30:33 (direct object om.; + הֶעְמִיק); make wide, direct object couch Isaiah 57:8 (figuratively).

enlarge limit of territory (גְּבוּל) Amos 1:13; Exodus 34:24, Deuteronomy 12:20; Deuteronomy 19:8, so מַר׳ נָּ֑ד Deuteronomy 33:20, compare הַר׳ מְקוֹם אָהֳלֵךְ Isaiah 54:2 (figuratively); also absolute + ל person, הִר׳ י׳ לָנוּ Genesis 26:22, and (figuratively of deliverance), בַּצָּר הִר׳ לִי Psalms 4:2; מַתַּן אָדָם יַר׳ לוֹ Proverbs 18:16 a man’s gift makes room for him, gives access to patron; of י׳’s enlarging the heart (לִבִּי) Psalms 119:32 (compare Qal); צָרוֹת לְבָבִי הִרְחִיבוּ מ׳ Psalms 25:17 read probably (with most) imperative (ציווי) הַרְחֵ(י)ב ומ׳ (Bae הִרְהִיבוּ, alarm, compare Song of Songs 6:5); with a direct object צַעֲדִי my step, stride Psalms 18:37 = II Samuel 22:37 (that is givest me firm footing and vigorous step, compare צַעַד 2); enlarge mouth, open it wide, c. עַל person against Isaiah 57:4 Psalms 35:21 (compare Qal); without עַל, as a young bird to receive food, figuratively, Psalms 81:11; הִר׳ שְׁאוֹל נַפְשָׁהּ Isaiah 5:14 (‖ פָּֽעֲרָה פִיהָ; נֶפֶשׁ 5 c), compare Habakkuk 2:5.

רַ֫חַב

n.[m. not f. Job 36:16 Albr^{journal ZAW xvl (1896), 94} Dillmann Budde] breadth, broad expanse;—absolute ר׳ Job 36:16 (opposite צָ֑ר); plural construct intens. רַחֲבֵי־אָ֑רֶץ Job 38:18 the broad expanse of earth.

רֹ֫חַב

n.[m.] breadth, width;—ר׳ absolute Ezekiel 42:2 +, construct I Kings 6:3 +; with suffix רָחְבּוֹ Exodus 25:10 +, -בָּהּ Genesis 6:15 +, רָחְבָּן Ezekiel 42:11;—breadth, of land, + אֹרֶךְ = whole extent, expanse, Genesis 13:17, so ר׳ alone Isaiah 8:8; ר׳ מַיִם Job 37:10; figuratively ר׳ לֵב largeness of understanding (like sand of sea-shore) I Kings 5:9; breadth, = thickness, of wall גֶּדֶר Ezekiel 42:10; elsewhere only in measurements width, breadth (Deuteronomy 3:11, K 10 times, Ez 54 times, Zechariah 2:6; Zechariah 5:2, P 23 times, Ch 6 times; ‖ אֹרֶךְ I Kings 7:6 + 63 times, + קוֹמָה I Kings 6:2 + 14 times, + גֹּבַהּ † Ezekiel 40:42; II Chronicles 3:4; ‖ קוֹמָה alone † I Kings 7:27; Ezekiel 40:5): of buildings, etc., I Kings 6:2, I Kings 6:3^(×2), I Kings 6:6^(×3) +, Ezekiel 41:1^(×3), Ezekiel 41:5, Ezekiel 41:7 +, altar Exodus 27:1 = Exodus 38:1, ark, תֵּבָה, Genesis 6:15, אָרוֹן Exodus 25:10 = Exodus 37:1, etc.; of area, the עֶרֶשׂ of Og Deuteronomy 3:11, the תְּרוּמָה of land Ezekiel 45:1, Ezekiel 45:3, Ezekiel 45:5, Ezekiel 45:6 +, of court Exodus 27:12, Exodus 27:13, Exodus 27:18; of city Zechariah 2:6; of roll Zechariah 5:2; of curtain Exodus 26:2, Exodus 26:8 +, etc.; of wall (קִיד), = thickness, Ezekiel 41:9, Ezekiel 41:12 (compare Ezekiel 42:10 above); of doorway Ezekiel 40:11; Ezekiel 41:2, Ezekiel 41:3, etc.

רָחָב

adjective wide, broad;—absolute ר׳ Job 30:14; construct רְחַב Proverbs 21:4 +; fs. רְחָבָה Exodus 3:8 +; construct רַחֲבַת Genesis 34:21 +; mpl. construct רַחֲבֵי Isaiah 33:21;—wide, broad, spacious, of land Exodus 3:8, Nehemiah 9:35, רַחֲבַת יָדַיִם, etc., Genesis 34:21 + 6 times, see יָד 3 d; ר׳ מִנִּי־יָם Job 11:9 (of greatness of God, ‖ אֲרֻכָּה מֵאֶרֶץ); בָּֽרְחָבָה as noun Psalms 119:45 in a wide, roomy, space (figuratively); פֶּרֶץ ר׳ Job 30:14 (sim.); of cup Ezekiel 23:32 (in figuratively; + הָעֲמֻקָּה); of wall (= thick) Jeremiah 51:58; specif., in Jerusalem (as n.pr.) הַחוֹמָה הָֽר׳ Nehemiah 3:8; Nehemiah 12:38; figuratively extensive, of work, undertaking, מְלָאכָה, Nehemiah 4:13 (+ הַרְבֵּה); of י׳’s commandment Psalms 119:96 (that is unlimited, measureless); רְחַב לֵבָב Psalms 101:5 that is exultant, arrogant (‖ גְּבַהּ־עֵינַיִם), so ר׳ לֵב Proverbs 21:4 (‖ רוּם־ע׳); רְחַב נֶפֶשׁ Proverbs 28:25 that is greedy (compare רחב אולת Ecclus Ben Sira 47:23, in play on רְחַבְעָם).

רָחָב²

n.pr.f. harlot in Jericho;—Joshua 2:1, Joshua 2:3; Joshua 6:17, Joshua 6:23, Joshua 6:25 (all JE); Ρααβ (so Heb 3:11; Jas 2:25, but Mt 1:5 Ραχαβ).

רְחוֹב

noun (fem.) ^{Daniel 9:25} [not m. Zechariah 8:5 Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 51} compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 145 p, t, u] broad open place, plaza (Lagarde^{BN 178} Barth^{NB 142});—ר׳ absolute Genesis 19:2 +, construct Judges 19:17 +, רְחֹב v Judges 19:15; II Samuel 21:12; with suffix רְחֹבָהּ Deuteronomy 13:17 Psalms 55:12; plural absolute רְחֹבוֹת Amos 5:16 +, construct the same Zechariah 8:4 + (see also רְחֹבוֹת n.pr., below); with suffix רְחֹבֹתֶיהָ Isaiah 15:3 +, etc.;—broad open place in city (usually near gate, Nehemiah 8:1, Nehemiah 8:3, Nehemiah 8:16^(×2); II Chronicles 32:6; Job 29:7; ‖ חוּץ Jeremiah 5:1 + 8 times, דֶּרֶךְ Proverbs 26:13, שְׁוָקִים Song of Songs 3:2), for various private and public uses Genesis 19:2, Judges 19:15, Judges 19:17, Judges 19:20; Deuteronomy 13:17; II Samuel 21:12; Jeremiah 5:1; Ezekiel 16:24, Ezekiel 16:31; Nehemiah 8:16^(×2); Isaiah 59:14 Psalms 55:12; Job 29:7, essential part of city Daniel 9:25; for lamentations Amos 5:16; Isaiah 15:3; Jeremiah 48:38, ר׳ הָעִיר אֲשֶׁר לִפְנֵי שַׁעַר הַמֶּלֶךְ Esther 4:6 (compare v Esther 4:1), compare Jeremiah 9:20; Jeremiah 49:26; Jeremiah 50:30; Lamentations 2:11, Lamentations 2:12, Psalms 144:14, assemblies II Chronicles 29:4; II Chronicles 32:6; Ezra 10:9 (ר׳ בֵּית הָא׳), Nehemiah 8:1, Nehemiah 8:3, proclamations Esther 6:9, Esther 6:11, speeches Proverbs 1:20; social life Zechariah 8:4, Zechariah 8:5^(×2); Lamentations 4:18; Proverbs 5:16; Proverbs 7:12, compare Proverbs 22:13; Proverbs 26:13, Song of Songs 3:2; ר׳ in Nahum 2:5 is appar. outside city (compare Assyrian rêbit Ninâ, etc.).

רְחוֹב²

n.pr. Πααβ, Ποωβ, etc.:

(compare Lagarde^{BN 56 f.}) location:

towards Hamath, רְחוֹב II Samuel 10:8 (SeptuagintL Βαιθρααβ), רְחֹב Numbers 13:21; = בֵּית ר׳ q.see p. 112 (also Septuagint I Samuel 14:47 Βαιθεωρ, SeptuagintL Βαιθροωβι).

רְחֹב in Asher: (1) Joshua 19:28; (2) [perhaps = (1)], v Joshua 19:30, Judges 1:31, Levit. city Joshua 21:31 = I Chronicles 6:60; Egyptian Raḥubu, N. of Kishon, WMM^{As. u. Eur. 153}.

m.:

Aramaic name, רְחֹב II Samuel 8:3, II Samuel 8:12.

post-exilic Levite, רְחוֹב Nehemiah 10:12.

רְחֹבוֹת

n. pr. location

רְחֹבֹת עִיר near Nineveh Genesis 10:11, τῆν Ροωβως[θ] πόλιν; Delitzsch^{Pa 261} compare Assyrian rêbit Ninâ, but see COT Genesis 10:11.

רְחֹבוֹת, name of well Genesis 26:22, Εὐρυχωρία (compare interpr. v Genesis 26:22); Palmer ^{Desert 296 f.} identif. with er-Ruḥaibeh (in Wady R.) c. 45 m. SW. of Hebron, N. of lat. 31°.

ר׳ הַנָּהָר, home of a king of Edom Genesis 36:37 = I Chronicles 1:48, Ροωβωθ τῆς παρὰ ποταμόν, Ρ. τοῦ ποταμοῦ (that is on Euphrates? here improb.; conjunction in Dillmann Holz Winckler^{Gesch. Isr. i. 192}).

רְחַבְעָם

n.pr.m. Rehoboam (word-play on רחב Ecclus Ben Sira 47:23);—king of Judah, son of Solomon; Ροβοαμ: I Kings 11:43; I Kings 12:1, I Kings 12:3, I Kings 12:6 + 16 times I Kings 12, I Kings 14, + I Kings 15:6 ‖ II Chronicles 9:31; II Chronicles 10:1, II Chronicles 10:3, II Chronicles 10:6 + 21 times II Chronicles 10, II Chronicles 11, II Chronicles 12, + II Chronicles 13:7^(×2); also I Chronicles 3:10.

רֵחֶה

n.[m.], only dual רֵחַיִם (hand-)mill (probably = 8);—ר׳ absolute, common household utensil, turned by maids, Exodus 11:5 (הָרֵחָ֑יִם; J), female slaves Isaiah 47:2 (c. טָחַן, q.see); טָחַן בָּר׳ Numbers 11:8; ר׳ וָרָ֑כֶב Deuteronomy 24:6 (see רכב); קוֹל ר׳ as sound of family life Jeremiah 25:10.

רֵחַיִם

רָחֵל

noun (fem.) ^{Isaiah 53:7} ewe;—absolute ר׳ Isaiah 53:7; (in sim., ‖ שֶׂה); plural רְחֵלִים Genesis 32:15 (E; + עִזִּים, אֵילִים), Song of Songs 6:6 (in sim.); with suffix רְחֵלֶיךָ וְעִזֶּיךָ Genesis 31:38.

רָחֵל²

n. pr. f. (ewe, Robertson Smith^{K 219});—Rachel, Ραχηλ, daughter of Laban and wife of Jacob: Genesis 29:6, Genesis 29:9, Genesis 29:10, Genesis 29:11, Genesis 29:28, Genesis 29:29, Genesis 29:30 + 36 times Gn (JE 37 times, P 6 times), + קְבֻרַת(־)ר׳ Genesis 35:20, I Samuel 10:2 (compare אֶפְרָתָה 1, p. 68; on site vid. Driver^{Hast.DB. Rachel}); ר׳ (in figuratively) Jeremiah 31:15; ר׳ Ruth 4:11 (in sim.).

רֶ֫חֶם

noun (masc.) ^{Hosea 9:14} womb (f. Jeremiah 20:17, unless הֲרַת a noun, compare Albr^{journal ZAW xvi. 81} Siegfried-Stade);—absolute ר׳ Genesis 20:18 +, רַ֫חַם Judges 5:30, רָ֑חֶם Jeremiah 20:17 +, רָ֑חַם Genesis 49:25 +; construct רֶ֫חֶם Numbers 12:12 Job 3:11; with suffix רַחְמָהּ Genesis 29:31 +, רַחְמָהֿ Jeremiah 20:17 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 91e; >f. absolute Konig^{ii. 1, 159}); dual רַחֲמָתַיִם Judges 5:30;—

womb, Genesis 49:25 Jeremiah 20:17; Job 24:20; מֵרחם that is from birth Jeremiah 20:17 Psalms 22:11; Psalms 58:4; Job 3:11 (מִנִּי), Isaiah 46:3, figuratively Psalms 110:3; בָּרֶחֶם Job 31:15; יצא מֵר׳ go forth from womb in birth Jeremiah 1:5; Jeremiah 20:18 Job 38:8, compare Job 10:18; מֵר׳ אֵם Numbers 12:12; פתח ר׳ open the womb, in order to childbirth Genesis 29:31; Genesis 30:22; כָּל־פֶּטֶר רחם all that first opens womb (of men and animals) Exodus 13:12, Exodus 13:15; Exodus 34:19 Numbers 18:15 Ezekiel 20:26; פטר ר׳ Numbers 3:12, פִּטְרַת כל ר׳ Numbers 8:16; פטר כל ר׳ Exodus 13:2; on the other hand, ר׳ מַשְׁכִּיל Hosea 9:14 miscarrying womb; עֹצֶר ר׳ Proverbs 30:16 restraint (that is barrenness) of womb (so Psalms 107:36 Perles^{Anal. 85}); עָצַר בְּעַד ר׳ (of God) Genesis 20:18; סָגַר (בְּעַר) ר׳ I Samuel 1:5, I Samuel 1:6, preventing childbirth.

womb-man, woman-slave: רַחַם רַחֲמָהַיִם Judges 5:30 a woman, two women.

רַחֲמִים

noun (masc.) ^{II Samuel 24:14} absolutepluralintens. compassion (according to many denom. from רֶחֶם, orig. brotherhood, brotherly feeling, of those born from same womb, see Noldeke^{ZMG xl (1886), 151 (yet see 152)} Wellhausen^{GGN 1893, 475} Gerber ¹²⁶, or motherly feeling Konig^{ii. 1, 34});—absolute ר׳ Genesis 43:14 +; construct רַחֲמֵי Proverbs 12:10; with suffix רַחֲמָיו Lamentations 3:22 (Baer Gi; van d. H. Qr, Kt רחמו), II Samuel 24:14 Qr (> Kt רחמו), etc.;—

compassion: usually of God Isaiah 63:7, Isaiah 63:15 Psalms 77:10; Psalms 79:8; Psalms 119:77; Zechariah 1:16 Daniel 9:9 Nehemiah 9:28; c. רבים II Samuel 24:14 = I Chronicles 21:13; Nehemiah 9:19, Nehemiah 9:27, Nehemiah 9:31 Psalms 119:156; Daniel 9:18; גדולים Isaiah 54:7; ‖ חסד Psalms 40:12; Psalms 103:4; Hosea 2:21; Jeremiah 16:5; חסדים Psalms 25:6; כרֹב רחמיךָ Psalms 51:3; Psalms 69:17; c. על rei Psalms 145:9; נתן ר׳ ל Deuteronomy 13:18; Jeremiah 42:12; לא כָלוּ ר׳ Lamentations 3:22.

of man, Amos 1:11; Proverbs 12:10; עשׂה ר׳ Zechariah 7:9; נָתַן לפ׳ ר׳ לִפְנֵי Genesis 43:14; נתן פ׳ לר׳ לִפְנֵי I Kings 8:50; Nehemiah 1:11; Daniel 1:9 Psalms 106:46, compare II Chronicles 30:9; שׂם ר׳ ל Isaiah 47:6; נִכְמְרוּ ר׳ אל Genesis 43:30, c. על I Kings 3:26.

רָחַם

verbdenom. love Pi. have compassion;—

future (עתיד) 1st singular with suffix אֶרְחָֽמְךָ Psalms 18:2 I love thee (perhaps gloss; see not in ‖ II Samuel 22:2; Hitzig Ch Siegfried-Stade Gerber read אֲרֹמִמְךָ).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular רִחַם Psalms 103:13 +; with suffix וְרִחַמְךָ consec. Deuteronomy 13:18, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְרַחֵם Isaiah 9:16 +; with suffix יְרַחֲמֵהוּ Isaiah 55:7, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute רַחֵם Jeremiah 31:20; Habakkuk 3:2; construct רַחֵם Isaiah 49:15 Psalms 103:13; with suffix רַחֶמְכֶם Isaiah 30:18; participle (בינוני) מְרַחֵם Psalms 116:5, etc.;—have compassion, be compassionate;—

usually of God: with a direct object of his people, Exodus 33:19^(×2) Deuteronomy 13:18; Deuteronomy 30:3; II Kings 13:23; Isaiah 9:16; Isaiah 14:1; Isaiah 27:11; Isaiah 30:18; Isaiah 49:10, Isaiah 49:13; Isaiah 54:8, Isaiah 54:10; Isaiah 55:7; Isaiah 60:10; Jeremiah 12:15; Jeremiah 30:18; Jeremiah 31:20^(×2); Jeremiah 33:26; Ezekiel 39:25; Hosea 1:6, Hosea 1:7; Hosea 2:6, Hosea 2:25; Micah 7:19; Zechariah 1:12; Zechariah 10:6 Psalms 102:14; c. עַל Psalms 103:13; absolute Jeremiah 13:14; Habakkuk 3:2 Psalms 116:5 Lamentations 3:32.

of man, usually a conqueror: with a direct object I Kings 8:50; Jeremiah 42:12; absolute Jeremiah 6:23; Jeremiah 21:7; Jeremiah 50:42; elsewhere of children, with a direct object Isaiah 13:18; Isaiah 49:15; c. עַל Psalms 103:13.

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular רֻחָ֑מָה Hosea 2:3, Hosea 2:25 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 152 and n. Konig^{i, 270});—future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְרֻחַם Hosea 14:4; יְרֻחָ֑ם Proverbs 28:13; be shewn compassion, compassionated: of orphans Hosea 14:4; children, of Israel wife of Yahweh Hosea 2:3, Hosea 2:25 (compare לא־ר׳ Hosea 1:6, Hosea 1:8, p. 520); penitent sinner Proverbs 28:13.

רַחוּם

adjective compassionate; usually of God: אֵל רַחוּם Deuteronomy 4:31, ר׳ וְחַנּוּן Exodus 34:6 = Psalms 86:15; Psalms 103:8; later חַנּוּן ור׳ II Chronicles 30:9; Nehemiah 9:17, Nehemiah 9:31; Joel 2:13; Jonah 4:2 Psalms 111:4; Psalms 145:8; והוא ר׳ Psalms 78:38. Once of man Psalms 112:4.

רַ֫חַם

n.pr.m. (girl(-like)?);—in Judah, I Chronicles 2:44; Ραμεε, A Ραεμ῾, SeptuagintL Ρααμ.

רֻחָ֫מָה

in לֹא ר׳ n.pr.f., see p. 520.

רְחוּם

n. pr. m. (compassion, or softness, gentleness?);—post-exilic name:

with Zerub.:

רְחוּם Ezra 2:2, A Ιρεουμʼ, SeptuagintL Ναουμ (= נְחוּם ‖ Nehemiah 7:7).

priest, רְחֻם Nehemiah 12:3 Ρεουμ (= חָרִם v Nehemiah 12:15, compare Nehemiah 7:41 = Ezra 2:39, Ezra 10:21, see חָרִם 3a).

רְחוּם, with Neh.:

Levite Nehemiah 3:17, Βασουθ, א A SeptuagintL Ραουμ.

Nehemiah 10:26, Ρα[ε]ουμ.

רָחַץ

verb wash, wash off, away, bathe (Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Arabic رَحَضَ (also of garments); Ethiopic ርሕፀ:, ረሐፀ:, sweat; compare Assyrian raḫâṣu, overflow, flood (on ḫ = ح see Noldeke^{ZMG xi (1886), 727}));—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ר׳ Isaiah 4:4 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִרְחַץ Deuteronomy 23:12 + etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. רְחַץ II Samuel 11:8; II Kings 5:13; mpl. רַחֲצוּ Genesis 18:4 +; infinitive (מקור) construct רְחֹץ Genesis 24:32 +, לְרָחְצָה Exodus 30:18 +; participle (בינוני) fs. רֹחֶ֫צֶת II Samuel 11:2, fpl. רֹחֲצוֹת Song of Songs 5:12;—

trans. wash (with water), with a direct object feet (רגלים; בַּמַּיִם often expr.), Genesis 18:4; Genesis 19:2; Genesis 24:32; Genesis 43:24 (all J), Judges 19:21; I Samuel 25:41; II Samuel 11:8; Song of Songs 5:3; יִר׳ פְּעָמָיו בְּדַם הָרָשָׁע Psalms 58:11 (figuratively of righteous, at י׳’s vengeance); with a direct object hands (יָדַיִם) Deuteronomy 21:6 (+ עַל over, in ceremonial, to express innocence), hence figuratively אֶר׳ כַּפַּי בְּנִקָּיוֹן Psalms 26:6; Psalms 73:13; hands and feet Exodus 30:19 (+ מִן of laver), v Exodus 30:21; Exodus 40:31 (+ מִן the same; all P); with a direct object face (פָּנָיו) Genesis 43:31; with a direct object person Ezekiel 16:9; Exodus 29:4; Exodus 40:12; Leviticus 8:6 (all P), direct object בְּשָׂרוֹ (often ‖ כבּס of garments), Leviticus 14:9; Leviticus 15:13 + 9 times P; with a direct object of parts of sacrificial victim Exodus 29:17; Leviticus 1:9, Leviticus 1:13; Leviticus 8:21; Leviticus 9:14; wash off, away, with a direct object of filth Isaiah 4:4 (figuratively).

intrans. wash, bathe (oneself): Exodus 2:5, II Samuel 11:2; II Samuel 12:20 I Kings 22:38; II Kings 5:10, II Kings 5:12, II Kings 5:13; Isaiah 1:16; Ezekiel 23:40 (+ ל person of whom), Ruth 3:3; Leviticus 14:8 + 14 times P (often ‖ כבּס); + ב of laver II Chronicles 4:6^(×2); of eyes, bathed in milk (בֶּחָלָב) Song of Songs 5:12 (figuratively); Job 29:6 (figuratively), see הָלִיךְ.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular רֻחָ֑ץ Proverbs 30:12 be washed (+ מִן of filth, figuratively); 2nd feminine singular בְּמַיִם לֹא רֻחַצְתְּ Ezekiel 16:4 (in figuratively).

past (עבר) 1st singular הִתְרָחַצְתִּי במו שׁלג Job 9:30 if I washed myself in snow (figuratively).

רָחַק

verb be, or become, far, distant (Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Assyrian especially adjective rûḳu, far; compare Arabic رَحِيقٌ choice wine (that is from a distance) Frä ¹⁵⁸; Ethiopic ርሕቀ: be far, Sab. רחק CIS^{iv, nos. 95, 98}; Aramaic רְחֵיק, רְחַק, and (often in der. spec. and deriv.) ܪܚܶܩ );—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ר׳ Isaiah 59:9; Lamentations 1:16, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִרְחַק Deuteronomy 12:21 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) fs. רַחֲקִי Isaiah 54:14, mpl. רַחֲקוּ Ezekiel 11:15 < Pf. רָֽחֲקוּ Ra Hitzig Smend Co Toy Krae; infinitive (מקור) construct רְחֹק Psalms 103:12 Ecclesiastes 3:5, לְרָֽחֳקָה Ezekiel 8:6;—be far, distant: c. מִן person, of place Deuteronomy 12:21; Deuteronomy 14:24, of person, = neglect, abandon, Proverbs 19:7; Job 30:10; in ψψ, of י׳, Psalms 22:12, Psalms 22:20 (מִן person om), Psalms 35:22; Psalms 38:22; Psalms 71:12; of utter absence, or non-existence Lamentations 1:16, compare Isaiah 49:19 (absolute), subj. justice Isaiah 59:9 (opposite הִשִּׂיג), compare v Isaiah 59:11 (‖ אַיִן), subj. blessing Psalms 109:17; subj. עֲצַת רְשָׁעִים Job 21:16; Job 22:18; c. מֵעַל person (י׳), of Isr. (figuratively) Jeremiah 2:5, compare Ezekiel 44:10; = far from (land of) י׳ Ezekiel 11:15 (see above; Krae ins. אֶרֶץ); c. מֵעַל location Ezekiel 8:6 (of י׳), מִן location (E. from W.) Psalms 103:12; c. מִן rei (figuratively): תּוֹרָֽתְךָ Psalms 119:150 (opposite קרב); מִיֶּשַׁע Job 5:4, מִעשֶׁק Isaiah 54:14, compare Proverbs 22:5; = wholly abstain from Exodus 23:7, so (מן inf.) Ecclesiastes 3:5; absolute of י׳’s righteousness, with ref. to time Isaiah 46:13 (‖ אחר; opposite קרב).—יִרְחַק־חֹק Micah 7:11 boundary shall become distant, that is territory be enlarged (? crpt., compare Wellhausen Nowack); ירחק חֶבֶל הַכֶּסֶף Kt Ecclesiastes 12:6 be removed? Qr יֵרָתֵק be joined? Septuagint ἀνατραπῇ, Vulgate rumpatur, compare Peshitta, read probably יִנָּתֵק Pfannk Gesenius' Thesaurus Ewald De Siegf Buhl^Lex.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular רִחַק Isaiah 6:12, of י׳, send far away, direct object person; of people, לִבּוֹ ר׳ Isaiah 29:13, c. מִן of י׳; 2nd masculine singular רִחַקְתָּ Isaiah 26:15 thou hast far extended (with a direct object) all the ends (boundaries) of the land; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יְרַחֲקוּ אֶת־זְנוּתָם Ezekiel 43:9.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִרִחִיק Job 19:13 Psalms 103:12, 1st singular with suffix הִרְחַקְתִּים Ezekiel 11:16, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix יַרְהִיקֶנָּה Proverbs 22:15, 2nd masculine singular תַּרְהִיק Job 22:23, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. הַרְהֵק Proverbs 4:24 + 2 times, הַרְחַ֑ק Job 13:21, with suffix הַרְחִיקֵהוּ Job 11:14; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַרְחֵק Genesis 21:16 +, construct הַרְחִיק Jeremiah 27:10, with suffix הַרְחִיקָם Joel 4:6;—

dir. caus. make, or exhibit, distance, be gone far, subj. person: Genesis 44:4, c. מִן location Joshua 8:4, Judges 18:22; followed by inf. construct הַרְחֵק לֹא תַר׳ לָלֶכֶת Exodus 8:24, compare Psalms 55:8; infinitive (מקור) absolute as adverb = at a distance Genesis 21:16, c. מִן location Exodus 33:7, Joshua 3:16 (JE; הַר׳ מְאֹד מִן, Qr; > Kt ב for מן).

indir. caus. remove, put far away, with a direct object person + מֵעַל of land Jeremiah 27:10, compare Joel 4:6, + מֵעַל person Job 19:13 and (direct object הַצְּפוֹנִי) Joel 2:20, + מִן person Psalms 88:9, Psalms 88:19; + בַּגּוֹיִם Ezekiel 11:16; with a direct object כַּף + מֵעַל person Job 13:21, with a direct object דֶּרֶךְ + the same Proverbs 5:8; with a direct object of sin + מִן person Proverbs 4:24; Job 11:14 (מִן person om.); Proverbs 22:15; Proverbs 30:8 Psalms 103:12; + מִן location Job 22:23.

רָחֹק

adjective distant, far, et noun (masc.) ^{Joshua 3:4} distance (Lagarde^{BN 31});—absolute רָחֹק Exodus 2:4 +, רָחוֹק Ezekiel 6:12 +; fs. רְחֹקָה Deuteronomy 30:11 +, רְחוֹקָה Joshua 9:6 +; mpl. רְחֹקִים Deuteronomy 13:8 +, etc., fpl. absolute רְחֹקוֹת Jeremiah 48:24 +, etc.;—often opposite קָרוֹב:

adjective

of space: distant, land Joshua 9:6, Joshua 9:9 (+ מְאֹד), Deuteronomy 29:21; I Kings 8:41, I Kings 8:46 = II Chronicles 6:32, II Chronicles 6:36; II Kings 20:14 = Isaiah 39:3, אִיִּים ר׳ Isaiah 66:19 + perhaps Psalms 65:6 (Cheyne Wellhausen read אִיִּם for יָם; Weir in Cheyne גּוֹיִם; Masoretic Text makes ר׳ = distant ones, people); c. מִן person, of peoples Joshua 9:22, Judges 18:7, persons Ezekiel 22:5; Nehemiah 4:13; Proverbs 15:29 (י׳, figuratively), compare Jeremiah 12:2 (the same), cities Deuteronomy 20:15, so (מִן location) Judges 18:28; absolute of people Joel 4:8, persons Isaiah 33:13; Isaiah 57:19; Jeremiah 25:26; Ezekiel 6:12; Zechariah 6:15; Proverbs 27:10; Daniel 9:7 Esther 9:20, cities Jeremiah 48:24, tress Psalms 56:1 (title; see יוֹנָה ad fin., p. 401), of distant journey Numbers 9:10; figuratively, רָחוֹק pred. (indef.) Ecclesiastes 7:24, of י׳’s מִצְוָה Deuteronomy 30:11; c. מִן person (that is absent from, lacking to), of salvation Psalms 119:155, wisdom Ecclesiastes 7:23; of person c. מִן of act or quality Isaiah 46:12 Psalms 22:2; of price, c. מִן comp. = far beyond Proverbs 31:10.

of time: לְעִתִּים רְחוֹקוֹת Ezekiel 12:27.

noun (masc.) always sing.:

of space: distance Joshua 3:4; elsewhere c. preposition: (1) מֵר׳ from a distance, c. verbs implying motion, physical or mental: look Genesis 22:4 Genesis 37:18 Job 2:12; Job 36:25; bring Deuteronomy 28:49; Isaiah 43:6; Isaiah 60:9, compare Jeremiah 46:27; come Isaiah 49:12; Isaiah 60:4 Habakkuk 1:8; hear Isaiah 49:1; smell Job 39:25; remember Jeremiah 51:50; understand Psalms 139:2; Psalms 139:2 transfer to b. also worship Exodus 24:1; (2) מֵר׳ at a distance (מִן 1 c) Exodus 2:4, Exodus 20:15, Exodus 20:18 (E, Gi v Exodus 20:13, Exodus 20:15), I Samuel 26:13; II Kings 2:7; Isaiah 5:26; Isaiah 59:14; Jeremiah 31:3 Psalms 38:12, compare אֱלֹהֵי מֵר׳ Jeremiah 23:23 a God afar off (on construct compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 130a; < read אלהים ר׳ Gie, compare Septuagint); (3) מֵר׳ to a distance (מִן 1 c) Isaiah 22:3; Isaiah 23:7 Proverbs 7:19; (4) בְּר׳ at a distance Psalms 10:1; עַד־ר׳ to a distance Micah 4:3; also c. two prepp.: (5) לְמֵר׳ from (מִן 9 b), Job 36:3; Job 39:29; (6) עַד־מֵר׳ (iii. עַד I. 1 a) to a distance Isaiah 57:9 + Nehemiah 12:43 van d. H. (עַד om. Baer Gi); even (7) עַד־לְמֵר׳ (עַד III.) II Chronicles 26:15; Ezra 3:13.

of time, מֵר׳ long ago Isaiah 22:11, c. noun = ancient, of long standing Isaiah 25:1; לְמֵר׳ long ago II Kings 19:25 = Isaiah 37:26; from a far II Samuel 7:19 = I Chronicles 17:17.

רָחַשׁ

verb keep moving, stir (Mishnaic Hebrew stir, move, especially of lips in speech, also, in expl. of מרחשׁת, of stewing, boiling; Aramaic רְחֵישׁ, ܪܚܶܫ, ܪܚܰܫ, creep, more, flutter, ܪܰܚܫܳܐ reptile);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ר׳ לִבִּי דָּבָר טוֹב Psalms 45:2 is astir.

רָטֵב

verb be moist (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Assyrian raṭâbu, ii. moisten; Arabic رَطُبَ / رَطِبَ, Ethiopic ረጥበ Aramaic רְטַב, ܪܛܶܒ, all be moist);—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular מִזֶּרֶם הָרִים יִרְטָ֑בוּ Job 24:8.

רָטֹב

adjective moist, juicy, fresh;—ר׳ הוּא לִפְנֵי־שָׁ֑מֶשׁ Job 8:16.

רָטָה

verb (doubtful) wring out (Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew (si vera l., see Levy^{NHWB iv. 444} and reff.));—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix יִרְטֵנִי Job 16:11 upon the hands of wicked men he wrings me out, but read probably יִֽרְ׳, √ יָרַט (Dillmann Budde Duhm al.), q.see

רֻטֲפַשׁ

verb quadril. intrans. grow fresh (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 56; si vera l., transp. טרפשׁ [expanded from טָפַשׁ be wide, loose, delicate, compare especially Assyrian ṭapâšu, be fat, ZimBP ^99A Frä^{ZA iii. 55}], compare Talm. טַרְפְּשָׁא fatty membrane, Syriac ܛܶܪܦܳܫܬܳܐ Payne Smith (Syriac Thesaurus) ¹⁵²⁷ thin flesh; Arabic طَرْفَشَ be convalescent; but ר׳ perhaps not orig.);—past (עבר) passive רֻטֲפַשׁ בְּשָׂרוֹ מִנֹּעַר Job 33:25 his flesh hath grown fresher than, etc.; read perhaps טפשׁ AltschüllerZAW ^{vi (1886), 212}, יטפשׁ Bi Budde compare Duhm.

רִי²

רִיב

[Noldeke^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 530, 534} Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 73b] verb strive, contend (compare Arabic رَابَ (ى) agitate (the mind), رَيْبٌ disquiet; compare also Syriac ܪܳܒ cry, shout, Aph. also quarrel noisily, ܪܰܘܒܳܐ shouting, clamour (see Noldeke^l.c.); on Sab. n.pr. ריב = Arabic رياب see DHM^{ib. 14});—Qal past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular רָב Judges 11:25 I Samuel 25:29; 2nd masculine singular רַבְתָּ Lamentations 3:58, רִיבוֹתָ Job 33:13, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָרִיב Judges 6:31 +, juss. יָרֵב Hosea 4:4; I Samuel 24:16, יָרֶ֫ב לוֹ(בּוֹ) Judges 6:31, Judges 6:32; וַיָּ֫רֶב Genesis 31:36 +; 2nd masculine singular תרוב Proverbs 3:30 Kt, תָּרִיב Qr; 3rd masculine plural יְרִיבֻן Exodus 21:18, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. רִיב Micah 6:1; Proverbs 25:9, רִיבָה Psalms 35:1 +, mpl. רִיבוּ Isaiah 1:17; Hosea 2:4; infinitive (מקור) absolute רוֹב Judges 11:25, רֹב Job 40:2; רִיב Jeremiah 50:34 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 73d Konig^{i. 509} Barth^{NB 80}); construct רִיב Isaiah 3:13; Job 9:3 + Job 21:22 Qr (Kt רוב), רִב Amos 7:4; Proverbs 25:8; participle (בינוני) רָב Isaiah 19:20 +;—strive:

involving bodily struggle Exodus 21:18 (sc. one with another; E); public hostilities, יָדָיו רָב לוֹ Deuteronomy 33:7 (with) his hands he strove for it, c. עִם of Israel, הֲרוֹב רָב Judges 11:25 (‖ נִלְחַם).

with words, c. ב person, Genesis 31:36, Exodus 17:2 Judges 6:32, so (in figuratively) Hosea 2:4 compare v Hosea 2:4; often = quarrel, c. עִם person Genesis 26:20; Exodus 17:2; Numbers 20:3 (all J), Nehemiah 13:25; subj. God Job 9:3; Job 13:19; Job 23:6; also Job 40:2 (עִם of God; on inf. absolute see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 114ee), in generally Proverbs 3:30; c. אֵת person Judges 8:1; Nehemiah 5:7; Nehemiah 13:11, Nehemiah 13:17, subj. י׳ Isaiah 49:25 (compare i. יָרִיב below), Psalms 35:1 (‖ לָחַם); אֵת of י׳ Isaiah 45:9 (pt. one striving), Numbers 20:13; c. עַל rei Genesis 26:21, Genesis 26:22; absolute = find fault Hosea 4:4 (‖ הוֹכִיחַ). Especially

conduct a (legal) case, suit, usually figuratively, י׳ under; Isaiah 3:13 (‖ דִּין), Isaiah 57:16 (‖ קָצַף), Psalms 103:9 (נָטַר [אַף]), compare קֹרֵא לָרִב בָּאֵשׁ Amos 7:4; with a direct object person with whom (unfriendly sense), Job 10:2; Isaiah 27:8; with a direct object cogn. רִיב in good sense, = take one’s part, I Samuel 24:15 (Gi; v I Samuel 24:16 van d. H. Baer; ‖ שָׁפַט), Micah 7:9; Jeremiah 50:34 (רִיב יָרִיב אֶת־רִיבָם, inf. construct = inf. absolute, see above), Jeremiah 51:36 (‖ נקם), Lamentations 3:58; Proverbs 22:23 Psalms 43:1 (+ מִגּוֹי; ‖ שָׁפַט), Psalms 119:154 (+ גָּאַל), also Psalms 74:22 (God, his own cause); + מִיַד person against whom I Samuel 25:39 (of vengeance); + אֵת person against whom Proverbs 23:11, so (without direct object cogn.) Isaiah 50:8 Jeremiah 2:9^(×2); compare אֶת־ הֶהָרִים Micah 6:1 (II. אֵת 1 c; Septuagint πρός, whence Wellhausen Nowack אֶל־ in the presence of, but on רִיב אֶל see 4); ר׳ = plead, c. ל person for whom Judges 6:31^(×3) Job 13:8, with a direct object person for whom Isaiah 1:17, of God Isaiah 51:22, compare Deuteronomy 33:8 (obscure, see Driver); of human disputes Proverbs 25:8, רִיבְךָ ר׳ אֶת־רֵעֶ֑ךָ v Proverbs 25:9.

= make complaint, c. אֶל person unto and against whom Judges 21:22; Jeremiah 2:29; Jeremiah 12:1; Job 33:13. Hiph. participle (בינוני) with suffix מריבו I Samuel 2:10 Kt (Qr מְּרִיבָיו), that is (those) displaying contention against him (י׳), compare plural construct וְעַמְּךָ כִמְרִיבֵי כֹהֵן Hosea 4:4, obscure; Robertson Smith^{Proph. 406} מָרוּ בִי thy people have rebelled against me, O priest! Beck Wü Wellhausen GASm וְעַמִּי כִּכְמָרָיו הַכֹּהֵן (הַכּ׳ as voc., and [by some] joined to v Hosea 4:5); HermannSK^{, 1879, 516} וְעִמְּךָ עמרִיבִי הַכּ׳, compare Oort (רִיבִי); Ruben ^{Crit. Rem. ad location} וְעַמִּי כָמוֹךָ הַכּ׳, so Nowack.—וַיָּרֶב I Samuel 15:5 see ארב Hiph.

רִיב²

noun (masc.) Isaiah 1:23 strife, dispute;—absolute ר׳ Genesis 13:7 +, רִב Exodus 23:2 +; construct רִיב Exodus 17:7 +; with suffix רִיבִי I Samuel 24:16 +, בְּרִבָם Job 31:13 (or inf.?), etc.; plural רִיבֹת Deuteronomy 17:8; construct רִיבֵי II Samuel 22:44 + 2 times, רִבוֹת Job 13:6;—strife, quarrel:

in words, Exodus 17:7, Deuteronomy 1:12, about pasturage Genesis 13:7 (J; = מְרִיבָה v Genesis 13:8), in generally Proverbs 15:18; Proverbs 17:14; Proverbs 20:3; Proverbs 26:17, Proverbs 26:21; Proverbs 30:33, + מָדוֹן Habakkuk 1:3, so זִבְהֵי־ר׳ Proverbs 17:1; figuratively ר׳ עֲצָמָיו Job 33:19 Kt (Qr רוב, that is רֹב q.see); ר׳ לְשֹׁנוֹת Psalms 31:21, compare Isaiah 58:4; Proverbs 18:6; אִישׁ ר׳ Jeremiah 15:10 (+ א׳ מָדוֹן).

of public hostilities II Samuel 22:44 = Psalms 18:44, compare אִישׁ רִיב Judges 12:2, אַנְשֵׁי רִיבֶ֑ךָ Isaiah 41:11; ‖ חָמָם Psalms 55:10.

₃₉ especially dispute, controversy, case at law: Exodus 23:2, Exodus 23:3, Exodus 23:6, Deuteronomy 21:5 (+ נֶגַע), Deuteronomy 25:1 II Samuel 15:2, II Samuel 15:4 (‖ מִשְׁפָּט), + 10 times, + (of י׳) Hosea 4:1; Hosea 12:3 Micah 6:2^(×2) Jeremiah 25:31; Ezekiel 44:24; Lamentations 3:36; as direct object cogn., case, cause Micah 7:9 Jeremiah 50:34 + 8 times (see √ 3), + רִיב חֶרְפָּתִי I Samuel 25:39, רִיבֵי נַפְשִׁי Lamentations 3:58; דִּבְרֵי רִיבֹת Deuteronomy 17:8 matters of controversy; ר׳ Deuteronomy 19:17 dispute as to guilt; אִישׁ רִיבִי Job 31:35 = accuser.

plea: Proverbs 18:17, רִבוֹת שְׂפָתַי Job 13:6 pleadings of my lips.

רִיבַי

n. pr. m. in Benj., II Samuel 23:29 (Ρειβα, Εριβα) = I Chronicles 11:31 (Ρεβιε, Ρηβαι, Ριβατ, etc.); compare יְרִיבַי.

רִיחַ²

רִיק

verb

make empty, empty out (Arabic رَاقَ (ى) pour out, forth, intrans. (of water, blood, etc.); Aramaic רִיק empty, pour, ܪܳܩ in deriv.; Assyrian rêḳu, empty);—past (עבר) 1st singular הֲרִיקֹ֫תִי Leviticus 26:33 Malachi 3:10; 3rd plural הֵרִיקוּ Ezekiel 28:7; Ezekiel 30:11; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָרִיק Habakkuk 1:17, וַיָּ֫רֶק Genesis 14:14 (but see below); imperative (ציווי) ms. הָרֵק Psalms 35:3; infinitive (מקור) construct הָרִיק Isaiah 32:6; participle (בינוני) plural מְרִיקִים Genesis 42:35 Zechariah 4:12;—

empty vessels Genesis 42:35 Jeremiah 48:12; keep empty, לְהָרִיק נֶפֶשׁ רָעֵב Isaiah 32:6 (that is keep hungry).

pour out or down, rain Malachi 3:10 Ecclesiastes 11:3, oil Zechariah 4:12.

empty out (that is draw) sword (compare Assyrian kakkê ittabbaku [passive], Delitzsch^{HWB 699 b}) Exodus 15:9 (poem), Leviticus 26:33, Ezekiel 5:2, Ezekiel 5:12; Ezekiel 12:14; Ezekiel 28:7; Ezekiel 30:11; probably also Habakkuk 1:17 (חרבו for חרמוֹ Gie Wellhausen Nowack); of lance Psalms 35:3; compare (si vera l.) וירק חניכיו Genesis 14:14 led forth, < Sam. וַיָּ֫דֶק (Aramaic דּוּק Aph. look) that is mustered Septuagint compare Dillmann al., ויפקד Ball.—In Psalms 18:43 Septuagint Peshitta Hup-Nowack Bae read אֲדִקֵּם; so ‖ II Samuel 22:43 Masoretic Text; but De Driver < אֲרִיקֵם (see דקק).

be emptied out from vessel: past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הוּרַק Jeremiah 48:11; future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular תּוּרַק Song of Songs 1:3 (al. 3rd feminine singular; of ointment, in sim.); compare also Amos 6:6, where Oort מוּרְקֵי for מִזְרְקֵי.

רֵיק

adjective empty, vain;—m. absolute רֵק Genesis 37:24 + 2 times; f. רֵקָה Ezekiel 24:11 Isaiah 29:8; mpl. רֵ(י)קִים Judges 7:16 +; fpl. רֵקוֹת Genesis 41:27;—

empty, of vessels II Kings 4:3 Judges 7:16 Ezekiel 24:11 + (probably) Jeremiah 14:3 (רֵיקִים for רֵיקָם), Jeremiah 51:34 (רֵיק for רִיק); of pit Genesis 37:24, lap Nehemiah 5:13, ears of grain Genesis 41:27 (E; דַּקּוֹת v Genesis 41:6, Genesis 41:7, Genesis 41:23, Genesis 41:24); רֵקָה נַפְשׁוֹ Isaiah 29:8 (compare Genesis 32:6 √ 1).

empty, idle, worthless, ethically; אנשׁים ריקים worthless fellows Judges 9:4; Judges 11:3 II Chronicles 13:7, so הָרֵקִים alone (as noun) II Samuel 6:20; מְרַדֵּף רֵיקִים Proverbs 12:11 AV RV of persons; < vain, unprofitable things, Proverbs 28:19 (see Toy); דָּבָר ר׳ מִן Deuteronomy 32:47 a thing too empty (of significance) for you; + (probably) Psalms 4:3 (רֵיק for Masoretic Text רִיק) love an empty thing (‖ כזב), of abortive course of action.

רִיק²

n.[m.] emptiness, vanity;—chiefly in adverb phr. לְרִיק Isaiah 49:4 Job 39:16 in vain (of labour without benefit), so לָר׳ Leviticus 26:16, Leviticus 26:20, Isaiah 65:23; and as adverb direct object רִיק Isaiah 30:7 Psalms 73:13, probably also Psalms 2:1 (most = empty scheme as רֵיק 2) compare Psalms 4:3 (read probably רֵיק); בְּדֵי רִיק Jeremiah 51:58 = Habakkuk 2:13.—Jeremiah 51:34 see רֵיק 1.

רֵיקָם

adverb emptily, vainly;—

in empty condition, empty = with empty hands; c. verb of sending Genesis 31:42, Deuteronomy 15:13 I Samuel 6:3 Job 22:9; of going forth Exodus 3:21, returning Ruth 1:21; Ruth 3:17; = without an offering, לֹא יֵרָאוּ פָנַי ר׳ Exodus 23:15 = Exodus 34:20, more fully Deuteronomy 16:16 (compare [פָּנֶה] II. 2, ראה Niph. 1 b).

in vain, without effect: c. שׁוּב II Samuel 1:22 (poem), Isaiah 55:11 Jeremiah 14:3 (but see רֵיק 1), Jeremiah 50:9; probably also צוֹרֲרִי ר׳ Psalms 7:5 those who were my adversaries in vain (without success); הַבּוֹגְדִים ר׳ Psalms 25:3 that deal treacherously in vain (in both most without cause).

רֵישׁ

רַךְ

רָכַב

verb mount and ride, ride (Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Assyrian rakâbu, Arabic رَكِبَ,, Aramaic רְכֵיב, ܪܟܶܒ, all the same; compare Zinj. רכב war-chariot, n.pr. div. רכבאל (Cook¹⁰⁸); Sab. רכבהו = his rider Mordtm^{Him. Inschr. 25} (of horse; but his trappings CIS^{iv. no. 306, 5}); Ethiopic ረከበ: is attain, acquire);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ר׳ Esther 6:8; 2nd masculine singular רָכַבְתָּ Numbers 22:30; 3rd plural רָֽכְבוּ I Samuel 30:17; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִרְכַּב Leviticus 15:9, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. רְכַב Psalms 45:5; infinitive (מקור) construct לִרְכֹּב II Samuel 16:2 II Kings 4:24; participle (בינוני) active רֹכֵב absolute Numbers 22:22 +, construct Amos 2:15; with suffix רֹכְבוֹ Genesis 49:17 +; fs. absolute רֹכֶ֫בֶת I Samuel 25:30; mpl. רֹכְבִים II Kings 9:25 +, etc.;—

mount, mount and sit, or ride, c. עַל of camel Genesis 24:61, I Samuel 30:17, of ass (חֲמוֹר) I Samuel 25:42; I Samuel 25:20 II Samuel 16:2 (עַל obj. om.), II Samuel 19:27 I Kings 13:13, of mule (פֶּרֶד) II Samuel 13:29; absolute of mounting (and riding in) chariot I Kings 18:45 II Kings 9:16.

ride, be riding, c. עַל of mule (פֶּרֶד) II Samuel 18:9, of ass, אָתוֹן Numbers 22:22, so (עַל obj. om.) II Kings 4:24, of חֲמוֹר Zechariah 9:9, of horse Zechariah 1:8; c. עַל־מֶרְכָּב (v מ׳) Leviticus 15:9; c. ב of animal (בְּהֵמָה) Nehemiah 2:12; ב of chariotry and horses Jeremiah 17:25 = Jeremiah 22:4; absolute (perhaps in chariot) Psalms 45:5 ride on! ride (habitually) c. עַל of אָתוֹן Numbers 22:30, of עֲיָרִים Judges 10:4; Judges 12:14, of סוּם Hosea 14:4 (figuratively of alliance with Egypt), Jeremiah 6:23; Jeremiah 50:42 Esther 6:8, Habakkuk 3:8 (figuratively of י׳; poss. add with suffix ref. to יָם, compare Deuteronomy 33:26), עַל־קַל (‖ סוּם) Isaiah 30:16; of י׳, עַל־כְּרוּב II Samuel 22:11 = Psalms 18:11, עַל־עָב קַל Isaiah 19:1, with a direct object שָׁמַיִם ride through Deuteronomy 33:26, but also c. ב location in, through, Psalms 68:5, Psalms 68:34.

pt. רֹכֵב etc., as noun, rider: רֹכְבֵי אֲתֹנוֹת Judges 5:10; ר׳ (ה)סוּם Amos 2:15 II Kings 9:18, II Kings 9:19 Ezekiel 23:23; Ezekiel 38:15 Zechariah 10:5, so (appos. פָּרָשִׁים) Ezekiel 23:6, Ezekiel 23:12; with suffix of סוּם Genesis 49:17 Exodus 15:1, Exodus 15:21 Jeremiah 51:21 Zechariah 12:4 Job 39:18 Haggai 2:22; עַל of סוּם II Kings 18:23 = Isaiah 36:8; רֹכְבֵי רֶכֶשׁ Esther 8:10, Esther 8:14; with suffix of chariot Jeremiah 51:21 b Haggai 2:22.

past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular הִרְכַּבְתָּ Psalms 66:12, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיַּרְכֵּב Genesis 41:43 II Kings 13:16, with suffix יַרְכִּבֵהוּ Deuteronomy 32:13, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. הַרְכֵּב II Kings 13:16;—

cause to (mount and) ride: with a direct object person + עַל of חֲמוֹר Exodus 4:20, of פִּרְדָּה I Kings 1:33, I Kings 1:38, I Kings 1:44, of סוּם Esther 6:9, compare (עַל־סוּם om.) v Esther 6:11; with a direct object person + ב of chariot Genesis 41:43, II Kings 10:16; ב of chariot om. II Kings 9:28; II Kings 23:30 = (c. עֶל־רֶכֶב) II Chronicles 35:24; figuratively Job 30:22 (sc. on the wind); with a direct object rei + אֶל־עֲגָלָה II Samuel 6:3 = I Chronicles 13:7; figuratively, with a direct object person + עַל location (על־במותי ארץ) Deuteronomy 32:13 so Isaiah 58:14, + לְרֹאשֵׁנוּ Psalms 66:12 over our heads.

cause to draw (plough, etc.) Hosea 10:11, obj. Ephr. under figuratively of heifer.

figuratively (עַל־הַקֶשֶׁת) הַרְכֵּב יָֽדְךָ II Kings 13:16^(×2) cause hand to ride upon (grasp) bow.

רֶ֫כֶב

noun (masc.) II Kings 13, II Kings 7 [even Nahum 2:5, where read מַרְאֵיהֶם (for -הֶן) Wellhausen Nowack Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 90}] chariotry, chariot, mill-stone; appar. also riders (compare Lagarde^BN151);—absolute ר׳ Genesis 50:9 +, רָ֑כֶב II Samuel 8:4 +; construct רֶכֶב Exodus 14:9 +; with suffix רִכְבִּי Judges 4:7 +, רִכְבּוֹ II Kings 5:9 +, רִכְבָּהּ Nahum 2:14; plural construct רִכְבֵי Song of Songs 1:9;—Hosea 10:13 see below;—

₁₀₉ coll. chariotry, chariots [sometimes of specific no. II Kings 13:7; II Samuel 8:4; Exodus 14:7 etc.; often + פָּרָשִׁים, סוּס(ים)]. especially war-chariots: in Egypt Exodus 14:7, Joshua 24:6 +; early Canaan Joshua 11:4; Judges 4:7, Judges 4:13; Judges 5:28 (not singular; ‖ מַרְכְּבוֹתָיו) +, called ר׳ בַּרְזֶל (that is iron-bound, or studded, compare GFM Judges 1, Judges 19 and reff.), †Joshua 17:16, Joshua 17:18; Judges 1:19; Judges 4:3, Judges 4:13†; Philist., according to I Samuel 13:5; II Samuel 1:6; Aramaic II Samuel 8:4; II Samuel 10:18 +; Judah and Israel (from David’s time, compare II Samuel 8:4) I Kings 9:19, I Kings 9:22; I Kings 10:26 +, read also בְּרִכְבְּךָ Hosea 10:13 (for בְּדַרְכְּךָ) Septuagint (Alexandrinus) Wellhausen Nowack GASm; Assyria II Kings 19:23 = Isaiah 37:24; Nahum 2:4, Nahum 2:5, Nahum 2:14 (to be burnt; made mainly of wood); Babyl. Jeremiah 47:3 (on title v Jeremiah 47:1, see Gf Gie), Jeremiah 50:37; Jeremiah 51:21 Ezekiel 23:24 +, etc.; for dignity and display I Kings 1:5; II Kings 5:9; Jeremiah 17:25; Jeremiah 22:4; Isaiah 66:20, compare Genesis 50:9, (compare also I Kings 9:19, I Kings 9:22; I Kings 10:26, etc.); figuratively of Elijah, ר׳ יִשְׂרָאֵל וּפָרָשָׁיו II Kings 2:12, of Elisha II Kings 13:14; רֶכֶב אֵשׁ II Kings 2:11 chariotry of fire (at Elijah’s translation); ר׳ אֵל Psalms 68:18 chariots of Ēl, that is his heavenly host, compare vision II Kings 6:17, and also II Kings 7:6; ר׳ meton. for chariot-horses II Samuel 8:4 = I Chronicles 18:4.

of single chariot I Kings 22:35, I Kings 22:38; II Kings 9:21^(×2), II Kings 9:24; II Kings 10:16; II Chronicles 35:24, probably also Exodus 14:6; plural רִכְבֵי פַרְעֹה Song of Songs 1:9.

upper millstone (as riding on the lower) Deuteronomy 24:6; Judges 9:53; II Samuel 11:21.

appar. = riders (coll.), troop (of riders): שְׁנֵי רֶכֶב סוּסִים II Kings 7:14 perhaps רֹכְבֵי, compare Septuagint and II Kings 9:16 Bur. two riders of horses, horsemen or two chariots drawn by horses (?); in following text doubtful: ר׳ צֶמֶד פָּרָשִׁים ר׳ חֲמוֹר ר׳ גָּמָל Isaiah 21:7 riders, viz. a pair of horsemen, ass-riders, camel-riders; compare ר׳ אִישׁ צֶמֶד פָּרָשִׁים v Isaiah 21:9 that is men riding, a pair of horsemen; בְּר׳ אָדָם פָּרָשִׁים Isaiah 22:6 with riders (consisting of) men, horsemen, but use of אָדָם very improb.; attractive is with chariotry of (drawn by) steeds (א׳ as gloss) Duhm Cheyne^Haupt Dillmann-Kittel but פ׳ hardly steeds here (compare פ׳ horsemen, v Isaiah 21:7); read perhaps simply בְּר׳ וּפ׳.

רַכָּב

noun (masc.)

charioteer, רַכָּבוֹ I Kings 22:34 = הָרַכָּב II Chronicles 18:33.

horseman, רַכָּב II Kings 9:17 (= רֹכֵב (ה)סוּם v II Kings 9:18, II Kings 9:19).

רֵכָב

n.pr.m. (bond of riders? compare Arabic رِكَابٌ camels used in journeying);—

Ρηχαβ:

in יְהוֹנָדָב בֶּן־ר׳ (Jehu’s time, see יְהו׳) II Kings 10:15, II Kings 10:23, whose descendants [or, the members of whose society, Robertson Smith^{K 15}, yet v Noldeke^{ZMG xl (1886), 171}] were contemp. with Jerem., Jeremiah 35:6, Jeremiah 35:8, Jeremiah 35:14, Jeremiah 35:16, Jeremiah 35:19; I Chronicles 2:55 הַקִּינִים (see קֵינִי) are said to be descended from Ḥammath, אֲבִי בֵית־רֵכָב.—On the asceticism of diff. tribes compare Diod^{xix. 94} (Nabataeans), Palmer^{Desert 432} (Kheibarí Jews in Arabia); see also Berthol^{Stellung Isr. zu d. Fremden 80}.

(perhaps = a, so EMey^{Entstehung 147}) in מַלְכִּיָּה בֶן־ר׳ Nehemiah 3:14.

in Benjamin, II Samuel 4:2 (Ρηχαβ), v II Samuel 4:5, II Samuel 4:6, II Samuel 4:9 (Ρεκχα; A SeptuagintL Ρηχαβ in all).

רֵכָבִי

adjectivegent. of רֵכָב 1, only plural הָרֵכָבִים as noun, in בֵּית הָר׳ Jeremiah 35:2, Jeremiah 35:3, Jeremiah 35:18, בְּנֵי בֵית־הָר׳ v Jeremiah 35:5, Αρχαβειν, Ραχαβειν, etc.

רֵכָה

n.pr.location in Judah;—I Chronicles 4:12, Ρηχαβ.

רָכַךְ

verb be tender, weak, soft (Arabic رَكَّ, Aramaic רְכַךְ (in der. spec. and deriv.), ܪܰܟ, the same);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular רַךְ II Kings 22:19; II Chronicles 34:27; 3rd plural רַכּוּ Psalms 55:22; future (עתיד) יֵרַךְ (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67 p) Isaiah 7:4 +;—

be tender, weak, of heart:

be timid, fearful, ‖ יָרֵא, Isaiah 7:4; Jeremiah 51:46; Deuteronomy 20:3.

be softened, penitent, ‖ כָּנַע Niph., II Kings 22:19 = II Chronicles 34:27

be soft, of treacherous words Psalms 55:22 (c. מִן comp.; ‖ II. חָלַק).

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular רֻכְּכָה Isaiah 1:6 it has not been softened, mollified, with oil (of wound, מַכָּה).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular וְאֵל הֵרַךְ לִבִּי Job 23:16 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67 v), causat. of Qal 1 a.

רַךְ²

adjective tender, delicate, soft;—ר׳ absolute Genesis 18:7 +, construct Deuteronomy 20:8; II Chronicles 13:7; fs. רַכָּה Deuteronomy 28:56 +; mpl. רַכִּים Genesis 33:13; fpl. absolute רַכּוֹת Genesis 29:17 Job 40:27;—

tender of flesh Genesis 18:7 (J; בֶּן־בָּקָר); tender, delicate, especially in body, of children Genesis 33:13, compare (implying weakness of undeveloped character) II Samuel 3:39, נַעַר וָרָ֑ךְ I Chronicles 22:5; I Chronicles 29:1, (וְיָחִיד) רַךְ Proverbs 4:3 (‘of tender age,’ Toy, q.see); of man (+ עָנֹג; that is delicately nurtured) Deuteronomy 28:54, so of woman v Deuteronomy 28:56 (+ עֲנֻגָּה), so, figuratively of Bab., Isaiah 47:1 (+ the same); רַךְ as noun = tender (twig) Ezekiel 17:22 (in figuratively); delicate, weak, of eyes Genesis 29:17.

רַךְ (ה)לֵבָב weak of heart, timid, Deuteronomy 20:8 (+ יָרֵא), II Chronicles 13:7 (נַעַר).

soft, of words, absolute רַכּוֹת Job 40:27 = noun, mild, gentle words (‖ תַּחֲנוּנִים); מַעֲנֶה רַךְ Proverbs 15:1 (opposite דְּבַר עֶצֶב), לָשׁוֹן רַכָּה Proverbs 25:15.

רָכִיל

n.[m.] slander, > tale-bearer, informer;—always ר׳ absolute;—ר׳ יַהֲלֹךְ Jeremiah 9:3, תֵּלֵךְ ר׳ Leviticus 19:16, הוֹלֵךְ ר׳ Proverbs 11:13; Proverbs 20:19, all of going about in slander, as slanderer (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 118 q); הֹלְכֵי ר׳ Jeremiah 6:28 goers of slander (slanderous persons) (compare הָלַךְ, p. 231 f.); אַנְשֵׁי ר׳ Ezekiel 22:9 men of slander, informers.

רָכַשׁ

verb collect, gather property, verb only P (rare) (Mand. רכש gather, Norberg^{Lexid. 231}; Assyrian rukûšu, property (Haupt^{Hbr iii. 110} riding anim.); Aramaic רִכְשָׁא, ܪܰܟܫܳܐ = Biblical Hebrew רֶכֶשׁ);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ר׳, direct object קִנְיָן, Genesis 31:18b; Genesis 36:6; elsewhere with a direct object cogn. אֲשֶׁר רָכָ֑שׁ ׃רְכוּשׁ Genesis 31:18a, 3rd plural רָֽכְשׁוּ Genesis 46:6, רָכָ֑שׁוּ Genesis 12:5.

רְכוּשׁ

noun (masc.) Genesis 13, Genesis 6 property, goods;—absolute רְכוּשׁ Numbers 16:32 +, רְכֻשׁ Genesis 14:16, Genesis 14:21; construct רְכוּשׁ II Chronicles 35:7, רְכֻשׁ Genesis 14:11; with suffix רְכֻשׁוֹ v Genesis 14:12 +, רְכוּשָׁם Genesis 12:5 +, etc.;—property, goods, PRChr Dn Genesis 14:

generally term for movable possessions of all kinds (often specif. incl. cattle), Genesis 12:5; Genesis 15:14; Numbers 16:32; I Chronicles 27:31; I Chronicles 28:1; II Chronicles 31:3; II Chronicles 32:29; Ezra 8:21; Ezra 10:8.

used specif. of cattle, flocks, etc. Genesis 13:6; Genesis 31:18; Genesis 36:7; Numbers 35:3; II Chronicles 35:7.

of stores, utensils, etc. Genesis 46:6; Ezra 1:4, Ezra 1:6, as camp-baggage Daniel 11:13, especially as booty Genesis 14:11, Genesis 14:12, Genesis 14:16^(×2), Genesis 14:21; II Chronicles 20:25; II Chronicles 21:14, II Chronicles 21:17; Daniel 11:24, Daniel 11:28.

רָם²

רָמָה³

verb cast, shoot (Assyrian ramû, throw, lay; Arabic رَمَى throw, shoot; Ethiopic ረመየ: strike, aim a blow at; Aramaic רְמָא, ܪܡܳܐ cast, throw);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ר׳, subj. י׳ Exodus 15:1, Exodus 15:21 (song), with a direct object + בַּיָּם; participle (בינוני) רֹמֵה קֶשֶׁת Jeremiah 4:29 coll. (or read רֹמֵי) bow-shooters, bowmen, plural construct נוֹשְׁקֵי רוֹמֵי־ק׳ Psalms 78:9 (see II. נשׁק); compare רֹבֵה Genesis 21:20 (see II. רבה, קַשָּׁת).

רָמָה⁴

verb

beguile, deal treacherously with (Mishnaic Hebrew in deriv.; Targum רְמָא Pa.; Buhl^Lex cp. Arabic رَمَى vi. be sluggish, backward (of wound), become putrid, corrupt);—past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular רִמָּה Proverbs 26:19, with suffix רִמָּנִי II Samuel 19:27; 2nd masculine singular with suffix רִמִּיתָנִי Genesis 29:25 I Samuel 28:12; 2nd feminine singular with suffix רִמִּיתִנִי I Samuel 19:17, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct with suffix לְרַמּוֹתַנִי I Chronicles 12:18 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:17);—beguile, deceive, mislead, direct object person, Genesis 29:25, Joshua 9:22, I Samuel 28:12; II Samuel 19:27; Proverbs 26:19; deal treacherously with, betray, direct object person, I Samuel 19:17 Lamentations 1:19, + לְצָרַי I Chronicles 12:17.

רְמִיָּה

noun (fem.) deceit, treachery;—always absolute ר׳;—deceit, treachery: especially of speech, pred. of לָשׁוֹן Micah 6:12 (‖ שֶׁקֶר), appos. of לָשׁוֹן (or read לְשֹׁוֹן?) Psalms 120:2 (‖ שְׂפַת שֶׁקֶר), v Psalms 120:3; of man, עֹשֵׂה ר׳ Psalms 52:4 that workest treachery, Psalms 101:7 (‖ דֹּבֵר שְׁקָרִים); also Job 13:7; Job 27:4 (both ‖ עַוְלָה); deception Psalms 32:2 (‖ עָוֹן); in phr. קֶשֶׁת ר׳ treacherous bow (sim.) Hosea 7:16 Psalms 78:57 (failing him who trusts to it).

רְמִיָּה²

noun (fem.) laxness, slackness;—always absolute ר׳;—כַּף ר׳ Proverbs 10:4 slack (negligent, idle) hand (opposite יַד חָרוּצִים); ר׳ alone = slackness (abstr. for concr. = one who is slack) Proverbs 12:24 (‖ the same), v Proverbs 12:27 (see חרך); נֶפֶשׁ ר׳ Proverbs 19:15 (‖ עַצְלָה); as adverb עֹשֶׁה מְלֶאכֶת י׳ רְמִיָּה Jeremiah 48:10.

רַמְיָה

n.pr.m. (proposes י׳ hath loosened?);—one with foreign wife Ezra 10:25, Ραμιά(ς).

רָמָה⁵

רִמָּה

see II. רמם.

רִמּוֹן

noun (masc.) ^{Jeremiah 52:23} pomegranate (foreign word of doubtful origin, compare Löw^{Noldeke. 310} Hom^{A. u. A. 97 ff.}; Aramaic רִימּוֹנָא, רוּמָּנָא, ܪܽܘܡܳܢܳܐ, Mand. רומאנא Noldeke^{M. 123}; Arabic رُمَّانٌ (Aramaic loan-word, Frä ¹⁴²), Ethiopic ሮማን: );—absolute ר׳ I Samuel 14:2 +, רִמֹּן Exodus 39:26, Exodus 39:26; with suffix רִמֹּנִי Song of Songs 8:2; plural רִמּוֹנִים I Kings 7:20 +, etc.;—pomegranate:

tree I Samuel 14:2, often + גֶּפֶן, תְּאֵנָה, etc., Numbers 20:5, Deuteronomy 8:8; Haggai 2:19; Joel 1:12; Song of Songs 4:13; Song of Songs 6:11; Song of Songs 7:13.

fruit Numbers 13:23 (JE; + עֲנָבִים, תְּאֵנִים); עֲסִיס ר׳ Song of Songs 8:2, פֶּלַח הָר׳ (in sim.) Song of Songs 4:3; Song of Songs 6:7.

ornaments in temple, shaped like pomegranates (compare رُمَّانَة in mod. Syria = epaulet, Almkvist^{Kl. Beiträge zur Lexicogr., etc.} Nestle^{Marg. 12}), I Kings 7:18 (on text compare Stade^{journal ZAW iii (1883), 154 f.} Kittel Benz), v I Kings 7:20, I Kings 7:42^(×2) ‖ II Chronicles 3:16; II Chronicles 4:13^(×2) II Kings 25:17 = Jeremiah 52:22; Jeremiah 52:22, Jeremiah 52:23^(×2); so in tabernacle, Exodus 28:33, Exodus 28:34^(×2); Exodus 39:24, Exodus 39:25^(×2), Exodus 39:26^(×2).

רִמּוֹן²

n.pr. dei, in Aramaic (Old Aramaic רמן in n.pr. Lidzbarski ³⁶⁹ Cook ¹⁰⁸; Assyrian Rammânu, god of wind, rain and storm (Schr^COT II Kings 5, II Kings 18 Zim^{Schrader's Keilinschriften 3, 442 ff.} Muss-Arnolt^{JBL xi (1892), 172} Jastr^{Rel. Bab. 156 ff.}); Sab. רמן (CIS^{iv, no. 140, 209} H. Derenb in Kohut-Studies^{120 ff.}); etym. doubtful; √ רעם thunder Schr; √ ramâmu, roar Delitzsch^{HWB 624} and most; = i. רִמּוֹן Hom^{A. u. A. 98});—בֵּית ר׳ II Kings 5:18, בֵּית רִמֹּן v II Kings 5:18^(×2); Ρεμμαν[θ];—see also הֲדַדְרִמּוֹן p. 213, טַבְרִמּוֹן p. 372.

רִמּוֹן³

n.pr.m. in Benj., II Samuel 4:2, II Samuel 4:5, II Samuel 4:9; Ρεμμων.

רִמּוֹן⁴

n.pr.location

in סֶלַע הָרִמּוֹן cliff of R. Judges 20:45, Judges 20:47, ס׳ רִמּוֹן v Judges 20:47 Judges 21:13; Ρεμμων; = mod. cliff Rammôn, E. from Bethel, BuhlG ¹⁰⁰, compare GFM Judges 20:45.

in S. Judah, עַיִן וְר׳ Joshua 15:32; עַיִן ר׳ Joshua 19:7 (both P), I Chronicles 4:32; = ר׳ Zechariah 14:10; Ρεμμων[θ], etc.; see iii. עַיִן 2, p. 745, and עֵין רִמּוֹן.

in Zebulun Joshua 19:13 (Ρεμμωνα(μ)), = רִמּוֹנוֹ I Chronicles 6:62 (Ρεμμων); + Joshua 21:35 (read רִמֹּנָה for דִּמְנָה, Dillmann Benn Steuern); mod. Rummâne, c. 6 miles E. of N. from Nazareth (Buhl^{G 221}).

רִמּוֹנוֹ

I Chronicles 6:62 see iv. רִמּוֹן 3.

רֹ֫מַח

n.[m.] spear, lance (etym. unknown; Aramaic רוּמְחָא, ܪܽܘܡܚܳܐ; Arabic رُمْحٌ; Ethiopic ረምሕ: );—often + חֶרֶב, צִנָּה, מָגֵן, קֶשֶׁת, etc.;—absolute ר׳ Judges 5:8; Numbers 25:7, Ezekiel 39:9; I Chronicles 12:9, I Chronicles 12:25 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:8, I Chronicles 12:24), II Chronicles 14:7; II Chronicles 25:5; plural רְמָחִים I Kings 18:28; Jeremiah 46:4; Joel 4:10; Nehemiah 4:10, Nehemiah 4:15; II Chronicles 11:12; II Chronicles 26:14; with suffix רָמְחֵיהֶם Nehemiah 4:7.

רַמְיָה²

i, ii. רְמִיָּה see II, III. רמה.

רְמַלְיָ֫הוּ

n.pr.m. father of Peḳaḥ, king of Israel, בֶּן־ר׳ II Kings 15:25, II Kings 15:27, II Kings 15:30, II Kings 15:32, II Kings 15:37; II Kings 16:1, II Kings 16:5; Isaiah 7:1; II Chronicles 28:6; contempt. (פֶּקַח om.) Isaiah 7:4, Isaiah 7:5, Isaiah 7:9; Isaiah 8:6; υἱὸς Ῥομελίου.

רִמָּה²

noun (fem.) worm (cause and sign of decay);—absolute ר׳ Exodus 16:24, Isaiah 14:11 (‖ תּוֹלֵעָה), Job 7:5; Job 17:14; Job 21:26; Job 24:20 all indic. corruption, feeding on dead, etc.; hyperb. of insignificant man Job 25:6 (‖ תּוֹלֵעָה).

רָמַם

verb denom. be wormy;—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular (with a direct object result, Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 121 d N) וַיָּ֫רֻם תּוֹלָעִים Exodus 16:20 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67 n; + וַיִּבְאַשׁ).

רָמַס

verb trample (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; J.Aram רְמַס; compare perhaps Syriac ܪܦܰܣ, Arabic رَفَسَ kick (Barth^{ES 33} Konig^{ii. 196}); رَمَسَ is bury, and conceal grave);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular consec. וְר׳ Micah 5:7; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִרְמֹם Ezekiel 26:11 Psalms 7:6, יִרְמָס־ Isaiah 41:25, with suffix וַיִּרְמְסֶנָּה II Kings 9:33, etc.; imperative (ציווי) fs. רִמְסִי Nahum 3:14; infinitive (מקור) construct רְמֹס Isaiah 1:12; participle (בינוני) רֹמֵס Isaiah 16:4;—trample, of men, with a direct object חֲצֵרָ֑י Isaiah 1:12, חוּצוֹת Ezekiel 26:11 (by horses’ hoofs), טִיט Isaiah 41:25 (in sim.), compare ר׳ בַחֹמֶר Nahum 3:14, direct object מִרְעֶה Ezekiel 34:18 (in figuratively); trample down, direct object person, anim., vel rei, II Kings 7:17, II Kings 7:20, so (by horses’ hoofs) II Kings 9:33, יִר׳ לָאָרֶץ חַיָּי֑ Psalms 7:6; Psalms 91:13 (‖ תִּדְרֹךְ); subj. י׳ Isaiah 63:3 (figuratively; + דָּֽרַךְ), subj. רֶגֶל Isaiah 26:6; subj. beast II Kings 14:9 (allegory) = II Chronicles 25:18; Daniel 8:7 (vision), of horn, v Daniel 8:10; absolute of lion, וְר׳ וְטָרַף Micah 5:7 (sim.); pt. as noun coll. tramplers (that is devastators) Isaiah 16:4.

be trampled, future (עתיד) 3rd feminine plural בְּרַגְלַיִם תֵּרָמַ֑סְנָה Isaiah 28:3 (on subj. compare Dillmann Duhm Cheyne^Haupt Konig^{i. 183}).

רָמַשׂ

verb creep, move lightly, move about (chiefly P) (Arabic رَمَشَ touch gently (Kam Freytag); Mishnaic Hebrew רְמָשִׂים creeping things (rare));—

future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תִּרְמֹשׂ Genesis 9:2 + 2 times; participle (בינוני) רֹמֵשׂ Genesis 1:26 +; fs. רֹמֶ֫שֶׂת Leviticus 11:46 + 2 times;—

subj. ground, כֹּל אֲשֶׁר ת׳ הָאֲדָמָה all with which the ground creeps (teems), that is all creeping things, Leviticus 20:25, Genesis 9:2.

elsewhere subj. animal:

creep, עַל־הָאֲדָמָה Deuteronomy 4:18; Genesis 7:8, עַל־הָאָרֶץ Leviticus 11:44, Genesis 1:30; הָרֶמֶשׂ הָרֹמֵשׂ עַל־הָאֲדָמָה Ezekiel 38:20, עַל־הָאָרֶין Genesis 1:26; Genesis 7:14; Genesis 8:17 (all P).

move lightly, glide about, of water animals, כָּל־נֶפֶשׁ (בַּמַּיִם) הַחַיָּה הָרֹמֶשֶׂת Leviticus 11:46, Genesis 1:21, compare ψ Psalms 69:35.

in generally move about, of all land-animals, עַל־הָאָרֶין Genesis 1:28; Genesis 7:21; Genesis 8:19 (all P); specif. of wild beasts prowling at night Psalms 104:20.

רֶ֫מֶשׂ

noun (masc.) ^{Ezekiel 38:20} coll. creeping things, moving things;—ר׳ absolute I Kings 5:13 +, construct Hosea 2:20 +;—

creeping things (disting. from בְּהֵמָה, חַיָּה, עוֹף, צִפּוֹר, דָּג) Hosea 2:20; I Kings 5:13; Ezekiel 8:10; Ezekiel 38:20; Genesis 1:24, Genesis 1:25, Genesis 1:26; Genesis 6:7, Genesis 6:20; Genesis 7:14, Genesis 7:23; Genesis 8:17, Genesis 8:19 (all P), Habakkuk 1:14 (in sim.) Psalms 148:10.

of sea animals, gliding things, Psalms 104:25.

moving things, of all animals Genesis 9:3.—Cf. Driver^{Hast. DB Creeping Things}.

רֶמֶת

רֹן

i, ii. רִנָּה see רנן.

רָנַן

verb give a ringing cry (onomatop.? compare Arabic رَنَّ cry aloud, also twang (of bowstring); Mishnaic Hebrew Pi. murmur, complain, compare J.Aram (not Targum));—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָרוּן (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67 q) Proverbs 29:6 (but read perhaps יָרוּץ, Pinsk Toy, see רוּץ 2); 3rd feminine singular תָּרֹן Isaiah 35:6; 3rd masculine plural יָרֹ֫נּוּ Isaiah 24:14 +, וַיָּר׳ Leviticus 9:24; Leviticus 9:3 fpl. תָּדֹ֫נָּה Proverbs 1:20; Proverbs 8:3; imperative (ציווי) fs. רָנִּי Isaiah 54:1 +, רֹ֫נִּי Isaiah 12:6; mpl. רָנּוּ Jeremiah 31:7 +; infinitive (מקור) construct בְּרָן־ Job 38:7;—give a ringing cry:

in joy, exultation, ‖ צָהַל Jeremiah 31:7 (ר׳ שׂמְחָה), Isaiah 12:6; Isaiah 24:14 (‖ נָשָׂא קוֹל), Isaiah 54:1 (+ פָּצַח רִנָּה); ‖ הֵרִיעַ Zephaniah 3:14 (+ שׂמח, עלז), Isaiah 44:23; Job 38:7; ‖ שָׂמַח Zechariah 2:14 Psalms 35:27 Proverbs 29:6 (see above); ‖ גִּיל Isaiah 49:13 (+ הֵרִים רִנָּה), ‖ צָוַח Isaiah 42:11; opposite צָעַק (cry in distress) Isaiah 65:14 (מִן of cause); Leviticus 9:24; Isaiah 35:6 (subj. לָשׁוֹן).—Isaiah 61:7 is corrupt; read perhaps וָרֹק and spitting, Klostermann Cheyne^Haupt.

in distress, Lamentations 2:19.

cry aloud, in summons, exhortation (of wisdom) Proverbs 1:20 (‖ נָתַן קוֹל). Proverbs 8:3.

past (עבר) 3rd plural consec. וְרִנְּנוּ Jeremiah 31:12; Jeremiah 51:48; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תְּרַנֵּן Psalms 51:16, 3rd masculine plural יְרַנְּנוּ Psalms 84:3 +, יְרַנֵּנ֑וּ Psalms 5:12 +; 3rd feminine plural תְּרַנֵּ֫נָּה Psalms 71:23 (van d. H. תְּרַנֵּנָה), etc.; imperative (ציווי) mpl. רַנְּנוּ Isaiah 52:9 +; infinitive (מקור) absolute רַנֵּן Psalms 132:16, construct the same Isaiah 35:2;—give a ringing cry, in joy, exultation, especially in praise to י׳, Jeremiah 31:12; Jeremiah 51:48; Isaiah 26:19; Isaiah 35:2 (+ גִּילַת, see גִּילַה), Isaiah 52:8 (‖ נָשָׂא קוֹל), v Isaiah 52:9 (+ פָּצַח); elsewhere only ψψ: Psalms 5:12 (‖ שָׂמַח, עָלַץ), Psalms 67:5; Psalms 90:14; Psalms 95:5 (c. ב rei; all ‖ ש׳ alone); Psalms 149:5 (‖ עָלַז); Psalms 98:4 (‖ הֵרִיעַ; + פָּצַח, זִמֵּר), Psalms 132:9; Psalms 145:7, רַנֵּן יְרַנֵּנ֑וּ Psalms 132:16; with a direct object of theme Psalms 51:16; Psalms 59:17 (‖ שִׁיר); בי׳ Psalms 33:1; ב rei Psalms 20:6; Psalms 63:8; Psalms 89:13; c. לי׳ Psalms 95:1 (‖ הֵרִיעַ), אֶל־אֵל Psalms 84:3, (מִ)לפני י׳ Psalms 96:12 (‖ עָלַז) = I Chronicles 16:33 (‖ עָלַץ), Psalms 98:8; subj. שְׂפָתַיִם Psalms 71:23 (‖ זִמֵּר).

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular impers. לֹא יְרֻנָּן Isaiah 16:10 no ringing cry shall be given (‖ יְרֹעָ֑ע).

future (עתיד) cause to ring out for joy, 1st singular לֵב אַלְמָנָה אַרְנִן Job 29:13; 2nd masculine singular מוֹצָאֵי בֹקֶר וָעֶרֶב תַּרְנִין Psalms 65:9; imperative (ציווי) mpl. הַרְנִינוּ ring out a cry of Joy Psalms 32:11 (‖ שׂמח, גיל), לי׳ Psalms 81:2 (‖ הריע); with a direct object of theme, עַמּוֹ Deuteronomy 32:43 (see Driver; compare Pi.).—Hithpō. Psalms 78:65 see רון.

רְנָנָה

noun (fem.) the same;—ר׳ absolute, of joy Job 3:7 Psalms 100:3 (‖ שִׂמְחָה); plural שִׂפְתֵי רְנָנוֹת Psalms 63:6; exultation, singular construct רִמְנַת רְשָׁעִים Job 20:5 (‖ שִׂמְחָה).

רִנָּה

noun (fem.) ringing cry;—absolute ר׳ Jeremiah 7:16 +; with suffix רִנָּתִי Psalms 17:1 +, רִנָּתָם Jeremiah 14:12 +;—ringing cry:

in entreaty, supplication, to י׳, I Kings 8:28 = II Chronicles 6:19; Jeremiah 7:16; Jeremiah 11:14 Psalms 17:1; Psalms 61:2; Psalms 88:3 (all + תְּפִלָּה), Psalms 106:44; Psalms 119:169; Psalms 142:7; Jeremiah 14:12.

in proclamation I Kings 22:36.

in joy, especially praise to י׳, + שִׂמְחָה Isaiah 35:10; Isaiah 51:11 (+ שָׂשׂוֹן); + תְּהִלָּה II Chronicles 20:22, + שָׂשׂוֹן Psalms 105:43, + תּוֹדָה Psalms 107:22, + עלץ Proverbs 11:10; ‖ שְׂהוֹק Psalms 126:2; opposite בְּכִי, etc. Psalms 30:6; Psalms 126:6, compare v Psalms 126:5; קוֹל ר׳ Isaiah 48:20 Psalms 42:5 (+ תּוֹדָה), Psalms 47:2; Psalms 118:15 (+ יְשׁוּעָה); פָּצַח ר׳ Isaiah 14:7; Isaiah 44:23; Isaiah 49:13; Isaiah 54:1; Isaiah 55:12; of י׳’s joy over Zion Zephaniah 3:17;—בָּאֳנִיּוֹת רִנָּתָם Isaiah 43:14 in the ships of their ringing cry, in which they exulted, but doubtful; Hitzig Ewald בַּאֲנִיּוֹת (bring down) into mourning their ר׳; compare Kittel-Dillmann Duhm Cheyne^Haupt. Marti.

רִנָּה²

n.pr.m. in Judah I Chronicles 4:20; Ανα, A Ραννων, SeptuagintL Ρεννα.

רְנָנִים

n.[m.] plural bird of piercing cries, that is ostrich, according to Vulgate Bo Dillmann and most, בְּנַף ר׳ Job 39:13, but read probably יְעֵנִים Hoffmann Budde Duhm (as Lamentations 4:3 Qr), see [יָעֵן].

רֶ֫סֶן

noun (masc.) ^{Isaiah 30:28}: 1. halter; 2. Jaw (?);—

absolute ר׳ Psalms 32:9 restraining mouth of horse or ass (+ מֶתֶג); figuratively of שֵׁם י׳, ר׳ עַל־לְחָיֵי עַמִּים Isaiah 30:28; ר׳ מִפָּנַי שִׁלֵּ֑חוּ Job 30:11, that is threw off restraint.

with suffix כֶּפֶל רִסְנוֹ Job 41:5 the double of his jaw, his double jaws (of croc.), si vera l.; connexion of meanings strange, ‖ פְּנֵי לְבוּשׁוֹ, whence GHB Wright Duhm conjunction סִרְיּנוֹ.

רֶ֫סֶן²

n.pr.location in Assyria, near Nineveh Genesis 10:12; Δασεμ (probably = rêš êni, head of spring; compare Delitzsch^{Pa 261} COT Genesis 10:12).

רַע

see I. רעע. i. רֵעַ see רוע.

רֵעַ²

see II, III. רעה.

רָעֵב

verb be hungry (Mishnaic Hebrew the same Hiph. and deriv.; Assyrian rûbatu, hunger; Arabic رَغُبَ be roomy, voracious, رَغِبَ desire vehemently; Ethiopic ርኅበ be hungry);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ר׳ Isaiah 9:19; Isaiah 44:12; 3rd plural רָעֵ֑בוּ Psalms 34:11; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִרְעַב Isaiah 8:21, 1st plural נִרְעֵב Jeremiah 42:14, etc.;—be hungry Isaiah 8:21 Genesis 41:55 (E; of land, = have famine), Jeremiah 42:14 (לַלֶּחֶם), Isaiah 49:10 (‖ צמא), Isaiah 65:13 (‖ the same; opposite אכל), Psalms 50:12 if I should be hungry (of י׳), Proverbs 6:30; Proverbs 19:15.

: allow one to hunger, subj. י׳: future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיַּרְעִבֶ֑ךָ Deuteronomy 8:3 (opposite וַיַּאֲכִֽלְךָ), יַרְעִיב נֶפֶשׁ Proverbs 10:3.

רָעָב

noun (masc.) Genesis 26:1 famine, hunger;—absolute ר׳ Genesis 12:10 +; with suffix רְעָבָם Nehemiah 9:15;

famine (in land, nation or city), Genesis 12:10; Genesis 26:1; Genesis 41:30, Genesis 41:31 Exodus 16:3 II Samuel 21:1; II Samuel 24:13 = II Kings 4:38; II Kings 6:25 +; שְׁנֵי(הָ)ר׳ Genesis 41:27, Genesis 41:30, Genesis 41:36, שְׁנַת ר׳ v Genesis 41:50, but also שָׁנִים ר׳ [שָׁלוֹשׁ] שֶׁבַע II Samuel 24:13 (on gender see Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 103}) = I Chronicles 21:12; c. חזק (be) severe Genesis 41:56, Genesis 41:57 I Kings 18:2; II Kings 25:3 = Jeremiah 52:6, חזק עַל Genesis 47:20; c. כָבֵד Genesis 12:10; Genesis 47:4, Genesis 47:13; גָּדוֹל II Kings 6:25; זַעלעֲפוֹת ר׳ Lamentations 5:10; מְזֵי ר׳ Deuteronomy 32:24 + Isaiah 5:13 (see [מָזֶה]), תַּחֲלוּאֵי ר׳ Jeremiah 14:18, חַלֲלֵי ר׳ Lamentations 5:9, אֲסֻפֵי ר׳ Ezekiel 34:29; חִצֵּי הָר׳ Ezekiel 5:16; as scourge of י׳ (+ חֶרֶב, דֶּבֶ, etc.; especially Je Ez), Jeremiah 5:12; Jeremiah 11:22; Jeremiah 14:12; Jeremiah 21:7, Jeremiah 21:9 Ezekiel 5:2; Ezekiel 6:11, Ezekiel 6:12 +, etc.; figuratively of lack of י׳’s word Amos 8:11.

hunger, of individual Jeremiah 38:9 Deuteronomy 28:48 (+ צָסָא, etc.), II Chronicles 32:11 (+ the same).

רָעֵב²

adjective hungry;—absolute ר׳ II Samuel 17:29 +; fs. רְעֵבָה Psalms 107:9 Proverbs 27:7; mpl. רְעֵבִים I Samuel 2:5 +;—hungry (sometimes + עָמֵא, עָיֵף), II Samuel 17:29 II Kings 7:12 Isaiah 8:21 Proverbs 25:21 Psalms 107:5; נֶפֶשׁ רְעֵבָה v Psalms 107:9 Proverbs 27:7; as noun singular a hungry man Isaiah 29:8; Isaiah 32:6; Isaiah 58:7, Isaiah 58:10 Ezekiel 18:7, Ezekiel 18:16 Job 5:5 (Bev^{JPhil. xxvi. 304} proposes רָעָב, compare Ezekiel 7:15) Ezekiel 22:7, plural I Samuel 2:5 (opposite שְׂבֵעִים בַּלֶּהֶם), Job 24:10 (‖ עָרוֹם), Psalms 107:36; Psalms 146:7; יְהִי־רָעֵב אֹנוֹ Job 18:12 (figuratively) his strength grows hungry, that is fails (Vulgate Ewald Dillmann al.); Peshitta De Budde Duhm (reading אָוֶן) al. his trouble grows hungry (that is ravenous for him), but ר׳ never elsewhere in this sense.

רְעָבוֹן

n.[m.] hunger, lack of food, famine;—construct רַעֲבוֹן בָּֽתֵּיכֶם Genesis 42:19, Genesis 42:33; absolute בִּימֵי רְעָבוֹן Psalms 37:19.

רַ֫עַד

noun (masc.) trembling;—יִרְאָה וָר׳ יָבֹא בִי Psalms 55:6; יֹאחֲזֵמוֹ רָ֑עַד Exodus 15:15.

רְעָדָה

noun (fem.) the same; subj. of אָֽחֲזָה Isaiah 33:14 Psalms 48:7; ‖ יִרְאָה Psalms 2:11; ‖ פַּחַד Job 4:14.

רָעָה

verb pasture, tend, graze (Assyrian rêʾû verb pasture, n. ruler, TelAm. ruh̬i (as Canaanism) Winckler^{Noldeke. 181, 11}; Arabic رَدَى, Ethiopic ርዕየ Aramaic רְעָא, ܪܥܳܐ, all = Biblical Hebrew);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular consec. וְרָעָה Micah 5:3 +, 1st singular with suffix consec. וּרְעִיתִים Ezekiel 34:13, 3rd plural with suffix consec. וְרָעוּם Jeremiah 23:4, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִרְעֶה Isaiah 27:10 +, juss. יֵרַע Job 20:26, with suffix יִעֶנָּה Psalms 80:14, וַיִּרְעֵם Psalms 78:72 (וַיִּר׳ Hiph. van d. H.), etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. רְעֵה Micah 7:14 +, with suffix רְעֵם Psalms 28:9; fs. רְעִי Song of Songs 1:8; mpl. רְעוּ Genesis 29:7; infinitive (מקור) construct לִרְעוֹת Genesis 37:12 +, etc.; participle (בינוני) רֹעֶה Genesis 30:36 +, with suffix רֹעִי Psalms 23:1 +; fs. רֹעָה Genesis 29:9 Proverbs 25:19, etc.;—

trans.

pasture, tend (pascere), literally, with a direct object צֹאן Genesis 30:31, Genesis 30:36; Genesis 37:12 (all J), Exodus 3:1, I Samuel 17:15; I Samuel 25:16 Isaiah 61:5, direct object of asses Genesis 36:24, kids Song of Songs 1:8; direct object (צפּאן) om. Genesis 29:7; Genesis 37:13 (ב location) v Genesis 37:16 (all J), Song of Songs 1:7 (‖ חִרְבִּיץ), Job 24:2 (Septuagint Me Siegf Budde וְרֹעוֹ);—metaphorically גֹּרֶן וָיֶקֶב לֹא יִרְעֵם Hosea 9:2, but read יֵדָעֵם Septuagint Wellhausen Nowack GASm; מָוֶת יִרְעֵם Psalms 49:15.

figuratively of י׳, direct object person, Genesis 48:15 God, who shepherded me; with a direct object of people, as flock Hosea 4:16 Isaiah 40:11 Micah 7:14 (בְּשִׁבְטֶ֑ן), Ezekiel 34:13 (pregn., c. אֶל location), v Ezekiel 34:14, Ezekiel 34:15 (+ הִרְבִּיץ), v Ezekiel 34:16 Psalms 28:9.

figuratively of ruler, and teacher, direct object of people, as flock, II Samuel 5:2 = I Chronicles 11:2; II Samuel 7:7 = I Chronicles 17:6, Psalms 78:72 Jeremiah 3:15; Jeremiah 23:2, Jeremiah 23:4; Ezekiel 34:2, Ezekiel 34:3, Ezekiel 34:8, Ezekiel 34:10, Ezekiel 34:23^(×2); Zechariah 11:4, Zechariah 11:7^(×2), Zechariah 11:9; of guiding, שִׂפְתֵי צַדִּיק יִרְעוּ רַבִּים Proverbs 10:21; c. ב of people Psalms 78:71; absolute Micah 5:3; with a direct object person reflex. pastured (fed, enriched) themselves Ezekiel 34:2, Ezekiel 34:8, Ezekiel 34:10

especially pt. רֹעֶח, etc., as noun = shepherd, herdsman: (1) literally, רֹעֵה צֹאן Genesis 4:2; Genesis 46:32, Genesis 46:34; Genesis 47:3 (all J), רֹעֶח בַּצּ׳ Genesis 37:2, I Samuel 16:11; I Samuel 17:34; רֹעֵי מִקְנֶה Genesis 13:7^(×2); (ה)ר׳ alone, singular Amos 3:12 + 7 times (all in sim.); רֹעָה shepherdess, Genesis 29:9; כִּלִי רֹעֶה אֱוִילִי Zechariah 11:15 (see כְּלִי 2 c), as symbol; plural (הָ)רֹעִים Amos 1:2; Exodus 2:17, Exodus 2:19, I Samuel 21:8 (אַבִּיר הָר׳; Gratz Driver Budde Kittel Löhr א׳ הָרָצִים; Septuagint Lagarde^{BN 45} HPS אֹבִּיל הָעֲיָרִים, but compare Wellhausen) + 8 times + Isaiah 31:4 (sim.), Isaiah 38:12 (read רֹעִים for רֹעִי Perles²⁹ Duhm Cheyne^Haupt compare Dillmann), compare (with suffix) Genesis 13:8^(×2); כְּלִי הָרֹעִים I Samuel 17:40 (see כְּלִי 3);—בֵּית־עֵקֶד הָרֹעִים, see p. 112. (2) figuratively of ruler (as often Assyrian; compare Gk. (Homer) ποιμένα λαῶν), absolute singular Jeremiah 17:16 figuratively of prophet (but Aq Symm Peshitta Gie Duhm Co מֵרָעָה). Zechariah 10:2; Zechariah 11:16; Zechariah 13:7 + 8 times Je Ez; with suffix of י׳, דֹעִי Isaiah 44:28 (of Cyrus), Zechariah 13:7 (read רֹעִי הָאֱוִילִי Wellhausen Nowack GASm); absolute plural Isaiah 56:11; Jeremiah 2:8; Jeremiah 3:15; Micah 5:4 Zechariah 10:3; Zechariah 11:5, Zechariah 11:8 + 18 times Je Ezekiel 34, + (of Assyrian leaders) Nahum 3:18; רֹעֵי יִשׂ׳ Ezekiel 34:2; רֹעֵי צֹאנוֹ Isaiah 63:11 (but read רֹעֵה [of Moses] Septuagint Targum Dillmann Duhm al.). (3) epith. of י׳: י׳ רֹעִי Psalms 23:1, רֹעֵה יִשׂ׳ Psalms 80:2, רֹעֶה אֶבֶן יִשׂ׳, Genesis 49:24 (poem in J; read construct רֹעֵה, compare Comm.); מֵרֹעֶה אֶחָד Ecclesiastes 12:11 DeWild, < president of assembly of sages Siegf Siegfried-Stade

intrans. feed, graze:

literally of cows, sheep, etc.: c. ב location Genesis 41:2, Genesis 41:18, I Chronicles 27:29; with a direct object of pasture Isaiah 30:23; c. עַל location Zephaniah 2:7 (עֲלֵי הַיָּם for Masoretic Text עֲלֵיהֶם, see Nowack); אֶל־מוּל location Exodus 34:3; absolute Isaiah 5:17; Isaiah 11:7 (‖ רבץ; but see II. רעה below) Isaiah 27:10 (‖ the same), Isaiah 65:25 Jonah 3:7; Job 1:14.

figuratively of idolater, Isaiah 44:20 he feedeth on ashes (direct object); compare Hosea 12:2 Ephr. feedeth on wind (direct object); פִּי כְסִילִים יִר׳ אִוֶּלֶת Proverbs 15:14 (so Vrss Qr; Kt פני for פי) the mouth of fools feeds on folly (Toy; Buhl √ II. רעה, Gerber ¹⁶² sub III. רעה); in Ct, c. ב location, figuratively of lover Song of Songs 2:16; Song of Songs 6:2, Song of Songs 6:3; of breasts (like gazelles) Song of Songs 4:5.

figuratively, of Isr. as flock Isaiah 14:30 (‖ רבץ), read (י—ַ)בְּכָרִי in my pasture(s), for Masoretic Text בְּכוֹרֵי, Koppe Ewald Dillmann Duhm (otherwise Cheyne^Haupt., compare Marti); Zephaniah 3:13 (‖ the same); c. עַל־דְּרָכִים Isaiah 49:9; with a direct object of pasture-land Jeremiah 50:19; Micah 7:14; Ezekiel 34:14 (+ אֶל location), v Ezekiel 34:18, Ezekiel 34:19; hence crop, strip, that is devastate, of conqueror, with a direct object of land Micah 5:5, compare אֶת־יָדוֹ Jeremiah 6:3; so יִרְעוּךְ קָדְקֹד Jeremiah 2:16; direct object of Isr. under figuratively of vine (subj. foes, as beasts) Psalms 80:14.

subj. wind, with a direct object person Jeremiah 22:22, that is drive them away; subj. fire, with a direct object rei, יֵרַע Job 20:26, but read perhaps יֵרָע, Niph. (Olshausen Dillmann Hoffmann Siegf Budde; otherwise Duhm).—רֹעֶה עֲקָרָה Job 24:21 is difficult; Budde הֵרַע for ר׳; more radical conjunction in Duhm.

poss. Job 20:26, see 2 d above

Psalms 78:72 van d. H., see 1 c above

רְעִי

n.[m.] pasture;—עֶשְׂרִים בָּקָר ר׳ I Kings 5:3 twenty cattle (from) pasture (see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 131 c; Kittel בְּקַר).

רָעָה²

verb probably associate with (compare Schulthess^{69 ff.} but also Noldeke^{ZMG liv (1900), 154 f.}; Assyrian ruʾa, ruttu, neighbour, fellow (m. et f.; compare Jäger^{BAS i.483, 486}); so Bed. أُرْعُوَّةٌ master, owner, Wallin^{ZMG v (1851), 9} Jayakar^{JA xxi. 851}; Ethiopic መርዓ: marriage; Arabic رَاعِى, راعيها, Ethiopic አርዑት: yoke; Mishnaic Hebrew רֵעוּת friendship is from Biblical Hebrew רֵעַ);—

imperative (ציווי) ms. וּרְעֵה אֱמוּנָה Psalms 37:3 cherish faithfulness (Hup-Nowack RV Cheyne Duhm Driver); > feed securely (Bae; i. רעה; feed on (his) faithfulness Am RV); participle (בינוני) רֹעֶה כְסִילִים Proverbs 13:20 one associating with fools, so ר׳ זֹלְלִים Proverbs 28:7, ר׳ זוֹנוֹת Proverbs 29:3 (Gesenius' Thesaurus al. think these figuratively from I. רעה, see 2 b).

2nd masculine singular אַל־תִּתְרַע אֶת־בַּעַל אָ֑ף Proverbs 22:24 do not make companionship with a bad-tempered man; perhaps also 3rd feminine plural תִּתְרָעֶינָה Isaiah 11:7 (Lagarde^{Or i. 21; Deceased Wife’s Sister 399} Brd Duhm Cheyne^Haupt) cow and bear shall be each other’s companions; + infinitive (מקור) construct הִתְרָעֹת Proverbs 18:24 (Toy, for Masoretic Text הִתְרֹעֵעַ) there are [יֵשׁ for אִישׁ] friends (merely) to be companions (see II. רעע ad fin.).

רֵעֶה

noun (masc.) friend (compare Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 184 Lagarde^{BN 156} Barth^{§ 12 a});—construct in term. techn. רֵעֶה הַמֶּלֶךְ (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 93 ll Konig^{ii. l, 78 f.}) I Kings 4:5 (= רֵעַ I Chronicles 27:33), compare רֵעֶה דָּיִד II Samuel 15:37; II Samuel 16:16; ins. also II Samuel 15:32 (compare v II Samuel 15:37) Septuagint Wellhausen Driver al.; in simple sense Proverbs 27:10 Kt (Qr רֵעַ; compare Konig^l.c.).

רָעָה³

verb denom.

be a special friend;—past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular מֵרֵעֵהוּ אֲשֶׁר רֵעָה לוֹ Judges 14:20 his comrade who had been ‘best man’ (GFM) to him.

רוּת²

n.pr.f. Ruth (for רְעוּת, that is friendship, Syriac ܪܥܽܘܬ, Gesenius' Thesaurus Lagarde^{BN 84, 156; Or. ii. 41} Konig ^{ii. 1, 481});—Moabitess, ancestress of David, Ruth 1:4, Ruth 1:14, Ruth 1:16, Ruth 1:22; Ruth 2:2, Ruth 2:8, Ruth 2:21, Ruth 2:22; Ruth 3:9; Ruth 4:5, Ruth 4:10, Ruth 4:13; Ρουθ.

רְעוּ

n.pr.m. (proposes name of a god, Duval ^{ZA vi. 126} Mez^{Ḥarrân 23}, compare Hom ^{A. u. A ii. 208});—son of Peleg: Genesis 11:18, Genesis 11:19, Genesis 11:20, Genesis 11:21, I Chronicles 1:25; Ραγαυ.

רְעוּאֵל

n.pr.m. Ραγουηλ:

Moses’ father-in-law Exodus 2:18 (J; SeptuagintL Ιοθορ), Numbers 10:29; elsewhere יִתְרוֹ q.see

Edomite Genesis 36:4, Genesis 36:10, Genesis 36:13, Genesis 36:17^(×2), ‖ I Chronicles 1:35, I Chronicles 1:37.

Gadite Numbers 2:14, see דְּעוּאל p. 396.

Benjamite I Chronicles 9:8.

רֵעַ⁴

n. [m.] purpose, aim;—with suffix רֵעִי Psalms 139:2 (of man), plural with suffix רֵעֶיךָ v Psalms 139:17 (of E†l).

רַעְיוֹן

n. [m.] the same;—construct, רַעְיוֹן רוּחַ Ecclesiastes 1:17, הֶבֶל וְר׳ רוּחַ Ecclesiastes 4:16 (compare foregoing), בְּכָל־עֲמָלוֹ וּבְר׳ לִבּוֹ Ecclesiastes 2:22.

רַ֫עַל

n.[m.] reeling;—only סַף־ר׳ Zechariah 12:2 goblet of reeling (figuratively of Jerusalem).

רְעֵלָיָה

n.pr.m. companion of Zerub., Ezra 2:2 (Ρεελεια, SeptuagintL Δεμίου), = רַעַמְיָה Nehemiah 7:7 (Νααμια, א Δαεμια, SeptuagintL Δαιμίας, A Ρεελμα).

רַ֫עַם

n.[m.] thunder;—ascribed to י׳: ר׳ absolute Isaiah 29:6, בְּסֵתֶר רַ֑עַם Psalms 81:8 (Baer Gi; i. e. thunder-cloud); with suffix קוֹל רַעַמְךָ Psalms 77:19; Psalms 104:7; construct רַעַם גבורתו Job 26:14 (figuratively of י׳’s display of might; opposite שֵׁמֶץ); figuratively of captins, ר׳ שָׂרִים Job 39:25, that is thunderous shouting (+ תְּרוּעָה).

רָעַם

verbdenom. thunder;—

make the sound of thunder, thunder: future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִרְעַם let the sea thunder (in praise, ‖ שׂמח, גיל, עלז, הריע, מחא כף, רנן) Psalms 96:11 = I Chronicles 16:32, Psalms 98:7.—past (עבר) 3rd plural רָֽעֲמוּ פָּנִים Ezekiel 27:35 is doubtful: faces tremble (Toy are convulsed), or they tremble (compare Hitzig-Smend Krae; AV RV are troubled) in face, lacks etym. support (otherwise Gerber⁴⁷, but see √ above); Septuagint Peshitta Co דָּֽמְעוּ פְּנֵיהֶם.

(Gerber⁴⁷) thunder, cause thunder;—past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִרְעִים Psalms 29:3; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַרְעֵם (on—ֵ see Konig^{i, 210}) Psalms 18:14 +; וַיַּרְעֵם I Samuel 7:10; 2nd masculine singular תַּרְעֵם Job 40:9; I Samuel 1:6 see below;—thunder, of י׳ (God) I Samuel 2:10; I Samuel 7:10 (both c. עַל person against whom), Psalms 18:14 = II Samuel 22:14, Psalms 29:3 Job 37:4, Job 37:5, compare Job 40:9.—הְרְּעִמָהּ I Samuel 1:6 is appar. infinitive (מקור) construct with suffix (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § ^{20 h; 22 s}), but not understood by Septuagint and doubtful: AV RV to make her fret, compare Aramaic utter (loud) complaints (Weir in Driver^{Smend 291}); perhaps corrupt HPS.

רַעְמָא

see ii. רַעְמָה.

רַעְמָה

(Gi^{Intr. 127 f.}) noun (fem.) vibration? quivering mane? of horse’s neck: Job 39:19 hast thou clothed his neck (with) ר׳? so most, but very uncertain.

רַעְמָה²

(Gi^{Intr. 124 ff.}) n.pr.m. ‘son’ of Cush, ה—ָ Genesis 10:7^(×2) = א—ָ I Chronicles 1:9^(×2) (Baer, see his note; van d. H. Gi ה—ָ v b); Ρεγχμα, Ρεγμα; ה—ָ as trading people Ezekiel 27:22, Ραμα, Ραγμα. Identified by many with city Ῥεγ(α)μα (Ptol ^{vi. 7, 14}), ῾Ρηγμα (Steph. Byz.), in SE. Arabia, on Pers. Gulf (so even DHM^{ZMG xxx (1876), 122} Glas^{Skizze ii. 251, 325}), but this is رجمة in inscr. (Glas^{ib. 252}); < Sab. רעֿמה near Meʿîn in SW. Arabia (Hom^{Südar. Chrest. 131} Hal ^{535, 11}, compare DHM^l.c.); perhaps = Ῥαμμανῖται of Strabo ^{xvi. 4. 24}, see Dillmann Genesis 10:7.

רַעַמְיָה

(? thunder of י׳) Nehemiah 7:7 see רְעֵלָיָה.

רָעַן

verb only Paʿlel. be or grow luxuriant, fresh, green;—past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular רַעֲנָ֑נָה (De ^Hiob) Job 15:32 (of branch, in figuratively).

רַעֲנָן

adjective luxuriant, fresh;—m. ר׳ Deuteronomy 12:2 +; f. רַעֲנָנָה Song of Songs 1:16; mpl. רַעֲנַנִּים Psalms 92:15;—luxuriant, of trees: בְּרוֹשׁ Hosea 14:9, זַיִת Psalms 52:10 (both sim.), Jeremiah 11:16 (figuratively); sim. also, כְּאֶזְרָה ר׳ Psalms 37:35 (but read כְּאֶרֶז הַלְּבָנוֹן Septuagint and most); especially in phrase תַּחַת כָּל־עֵץ ר׳ place of idolatrous rites, Deuteronomy 12:2; I Kings 14:23; II Kings 16:4 = II Chronicles 28:4; II Kings 17:10; Jeremiah 2:20; Jeremiah 3:6, Jeremiah 3:13; Isaiah 57:5; Ezekiel 6:13; עַל־עֵץ ר׳ Jeremiah 17:2 (si vera l.); leaf v Jeremiah 17:8 (figuratively); leafy couch Song of Songs 1:16; fresh, oil Psalms 92:11; fresh, flourishing, person (figuratively, as trees) v Psalms 92:15 (+ דְּשֵׁנִים).

רֹעַ

n.[m.] badness, evil;—ר׳ absolute Genesis 41:19 + 4 times Je; construct Hosea 9:15 + 13 times;—

badness, bad quality, of cattle Genesis 41:19, figs Jeremiah 24:2, Jeremiah 24:3, Jeremiah 24:8; Jeremiah 29:17.

wilfulness, רֹעַ לבב I Samuel 17:28 (Gerber¹⁶¹ makes 2 and 4 [inf. of] verb).

ethical, evil, badness, only in phr.: רֹעַ מעללים evil of doings Deuteronomy 28:20; Isaiah 1:16; Jeremiah 4:4; Jeremiah 21:12; Jeremiah 23:2, Jeremiah 23:22; Jeremiah 25:5; Jeremiah 26:3; Jeremiah 44:22; Hosea 9:15 Psalms 28:4 (compare רַע מעללים I Samuel 25:3).

sadness, ר׳ פָּנִים Ecclesiastes 7:3, ר׳ לֵב Nehemiah 2:2 (compare [רַעַע] 2).

רַע²

I. רַע₂₂₆ adjective bad, evil (distinction from n., and verb past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular, is sometimes not easy, and opinions differ);—ms. רַע Genesis 6:5 +; רָ֑ע Genesis 31:24 +; plural רָעִים Genesis 13:13 +; construct רָעֵי Ezekiel 7:24 (del. Co); fs. רָעָה Genesis 37:2 + 37 times (this form usually noun), plural רָעוֹת Genesis 28:8 + 14 times; רָעֹת Genesis 41:27 (18 times noun);—

bad, disagreeable, malignant: of a woman, רָעָה בְּעֵינֵי Exodus 21:8 (E; perhaps, with changed accent, verb 3rd feminine singular רָ֫עָה) disagreeable, unpleasing in the eyes of, plural Genesis 28:8; of poisionous herb II Kings 4:41, malignant boils Deuteronomy 28:35; Job 2:7, diseases Deuteronomy 7:15; Deuteronomy 28:59; II Chronicles 21:19 Ecclesiastes 6:2, deadly sword Psalms 144:10, arrows Ezekiel 5:16, severe judgments Ezekiel 14:21, wonders Deuteronomy 6:22; מַלְאֲכֵי רָעִים Psalms 78:49 = fierce messengers (of God; Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 287 a Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 130 e), wild beasts Genesis 37:20, Genesis 37:33 Leviticus 26:6 Ezekiel 5:17; Ezekiel 14:15, Ezekiel 14:21; Ezekiel 34:25; unclean thing Deuteronomy 23:10.

bad, unpleasant, giving pain, unhappiness, misery: ימים רעים evil days (of trial and hardship) Genesis 47:9 Proverbs 15:15; עִנְיָן רע Ecclesiastes 1:13; Ecclesiastes 5:13; עִנְיַן Ecclesiastes 4:8, compare Ecclesiastes 2:17; Ecclesiastes 9:3; הַמַּעֲשֶׂה הָרָע Ecclesiastes 4:3; הדבר הרע evil report Exodus 33:4, so דִּבָּה רָעָה Genesis 37:2 Numbers 14:37, שׁם רע Deuteronomy 22:14, Deuteronomy 22:19; Nehemiah 6:13, שְׁמוּעָה רָעָה Jeremiah 49:23 Psalms 112:7; of things: painful discipline Proverbs 15:10, evil occurrence I Kings 5:18, evil(-bringing) net Ecclesiastes 9:12, instruments Isaiah 32:7: כל הדבר הרע Joshua 23:15 all evil (injurious) things; רַע it is bad, harmful Isaiah 3:11; Jeremiah 2:19; of speech, דבּר, רע או טוב Genesis 24:50 in prov., speak bad or good = anything at all, טטוב עד רע Genesis 31:24, Genesis 31:29, לְמֵרָע ועד טוב II Samuel 13:22, of the divine spirit as producing an ecstatic state of frenzy and violence I Samuel 16:14, I Samuel 16:15, I Samuel 16:16, I Samuel 16:23; I Samuel 18:10; I Samuel 19:9 (see רוּחַ 9).

evil, displeasing עָשָׂה רָ֔ע בְּעֵינֵי סַרְנֵי פְלִשְׁתִּים I Samuel 29:7.

bad of its kind, land Numbers 13:19, place Numbers 20:5, waters II Kings 2:19, figs Jeremiah 24:2, Jeremiah 24:3^(×2), Jeremiah 24:8, kine Genesis 41:3, Genesis 41:4, Genesis 41:19, Genesis 41:20, Genesis 41:21, Genesis 41:27, מוּם רע Deuteronomy 15:21, compare Deuteronomy 17:1.

bad, i. e. of low value Leviticus 27:10^(×2), Leviticus 27:12, Leviticus 27:14, Leviticus 27:33, compare Malachi 1:8^(×2); רַע רַע יֹאמַר הַקּוֹנֶה Proverbs 20:14^(×2).

+ מִן comp., worse than, II Samuel 19:8; as superl., רָעֵי גוֹיִם Ezekiel 7:24 worst of nations (del. Co).

sad, unhappy: לֶב־רָ֑ע sad heart (compare opposite טוב, יטב) Proverbs 25:20; of face Genesis 40:7 Nehemiah 2:2; רע לְפָנָין v Nehemiah 2:1.

הָשַׁב מַחֲשֶׁבֶת(ה)רָעָה devise evil (hurtful) device Ezekiel 38:10; Esther 9:25.

bad, unkind, vicious in disposition or temper: וְלֵב־רָ֑ע when the mind is vicious, harmful Proverbs 26:23; רַע עָ֑יִן one evil of eye Proverbs 23:6; Proverbs 28:22; רוּחַ רָעָה Judges 9:23 bad temper.

ethically bad, evil, wicked:

in generally, אם טוב ואם רע Ecclesiastes 12:14 whether good or bad.

of persons, אישׁ רע I Samuel 30:22; אדם רע Psalms 140:2; המן הרע הזה Esther 7:6 this wicked Haman, so רָ֑ע = evil man Psalms 10:15, Job 21:30; Proverbs 11:21; Proverbs 12:13; Proverbs 24:20, רָעִים = evil men Genesis 13:13 Jeremiah 6:29; Jeremiah 15:21; Ezekiel 30:12 Job 35:12; Proverbs 4:14; Proverbs 12:12; Proverbs 14:19; Proverbs 15:3; רָעוֹת evil women Jeremiah 2:33; שׁכנים רעים Jeremiah 12:14 evil neighbours; of הַדּוֹר Deuteronomy 1:35, הָעָם Jeremiah 13:10; הָעֵדָה Numbers 14:27, Numbers 14:35, המשׁפחה Jeremiah 8:3; רַע כְּעֵינֵי י׳ wicked in the eyes of י׳ Genesis 38:7 = I Chronicles 2:3; עָשָׂה הָרָע בְּעֵינֵי י׳ Numbers 32:13 Deuteronomy 4:25; Deuteronomy 9:18; Deuteronomy 17:2; Deuteronomy 31:29; Judges 2:11 + 48 times, + (c. with suffix of God) II Kings 21:15 Isaiah 65:12; Isaiah 66:4; Jeremiah 7:30; Jeremiah 32:30 Psalms 51:6; II Samuel 12:9, probably also Jeremiah 18:10 (read הָרָע for הָרָעָה).

of thoughts, יֵצֶר Genesis 6:5; Genesis 8:21, הַלֵּב הָרָע Jeremiah 3:17; Jeremiah 7:24; Jeremiah 11:8; Jeremiah 16:12; Jeremiah 18:12; words, רעות Proverbs 15:28.

deeds, actions, עשׂה (כ)דבר הרע Deuteronomy 13:12; Deuteronomy 17:5; Deuteronomy 19:20; Nehemiah 13:17; עשׂה הרעות Jeremiah 3:5; דבר רע Psalms 64:6; Psalms 141:4 Ecclesiastes 8:3, Ecclesiastes 8:5; דברים I Samuel 2:23; II Kings 17:11; דֶּרֶךְ I Kings 13:33; Jeremiah 18:11; Jeremiah 23:22 + 11 times; דרכים II Kings 17:13; II Chronicles 7:14; Ezekiel 20:44; Ezekiel 33:11; Ezekiel 36:31; Zechariah 1:4; מעשׂינוּ Ezra 9:13; מעללים Zechariah 1:4 Nehemiah 9:35 (compare רֹעַ 4); בֶּצַע רע Habakkuk 2:9; מרוצתם Jeremiah 23:10; (ה)תועבות (ה)רעות Ezekiel 6:11; Ezekiel 8:9 (del. Co); כִּי רָעוֹת בִּמְגוּרָם Psalms 55:16 for evil deeds are in their dwelling.

רַע³

noun (masc.) Job 30:26 evil, distress, misery, injury, calamity;—absolute רַע Numbers 11:1 +, בְּרָע Exodus 5:19 +, רָ֑ע Genesis 48:16 +;—

evil, distress, adversity: יָרֵא רַע fear evil Psalms 23:4 Zephaniah 3:15; בּוֹרֵא רָ֑ע Isaiah 45:7 (of God), הביא רע Isaiah 31:2; מתאננים רַע Numbers 11:1 murmuring respecting distress (see Dillmann); אם טוב ואם רע Jeremiah 42:6 whether prosperity or adversity; יוֹם רע Amos 6:3 day of calamity; יְמֵי רע Psalms 49:6; Psalms 94:13; כי טוב קויתי ויבא רע Job 30:26; בְּרָע in adversity Exodus 5:19 Psalms 10:6; יִפֹּל בְּרָ֑ע Proverbs 13:17; אֶרְאֶה בָרָ֑ע Genesis 44:34; בכל־רע Proverbs 5:14, מכל רע Genesis 48:16 Psalms 121:7; see also Micah 1:12 Psalms 140:12 Job 5:19; Job 31:29; Proverbs 12:21; Proverbs 19:23.

evil, injury, wrong: Habakkuk 2:9; Job 2:10; Proverbs 21:10; עשׂה רע, + עִם person Genesis 31:29; ל person Jeremiah 39:12; as obj. of חשּׁב Hosea 7:15, חרשׁ Proverbs 6:14; Proverbs 12:20; Proverbs 14:22, השׁיב Psalms 54:7, גמל Psalms 7:5 Proverbs 31:12, בקּשׁ Proverbs 17:11, שׁלּם Proverbs 20:22, אמר Psalms 41:6, דבּר Psalms 109:20; דבּר בְּרָע Psalms 73:8 speak about injury; לֹא יִתְנַכֵּא טוֹב כִּי אִם רָ֑ע I Kings 22:8, I Kings 22:18 = 2 Ch (II Chronicles 18:7 לְרָעָה), II Chronicles 18:17 לְרָ֑ע; לרע for harm, injury Isaiah 59:7; Jeremiah 7:6; Jeremiah 25:7 Psalms 56:6 Proverbs 1:16; Proverbs 21:12; Ecclesiastes 8:9; רַע יֵרוֹעַ Proverbs 11:15 (but read רֹעַ Gratz Siegfried-Stade, see Toy).

ethical evil, Deuteronomy 30:15; II Samuel 14:17; Isaiah 5:20; Amos 5:14; Micah 7:3 + 10 times; עשׂה רע II Kings 21:9; II Chronicles 12:14; II Chronicles 33:9; Nehemiah 9:28 + 8 times; פֹּעֲלֵי רע Micah 2:1; אהב רע Micah 3:2 (Qr), Psalms 52:5; שׂנא רע Amos 5:15 Psalms 97:10 Proverbs 8:13; מאס רע Psalms 36:5; מאס ברע Isaiah 7:15, Isaiah 7:16; בִּעֵר הרע מִן consume evil from Deuteronomy 13:6 + 8 times Dt; לֹא יְגֻרְךָ רָ֑ע Psalms 5:5 (adjective = evil man Hup De al.); ידע טוב ורע Genesis 2:9, Genesis 2:17; Genesis 3:5, Genesis 3:22 (all J), Deuteronomy 1:39; סר מֵרָע Isaiah 59:15 Psalms 34:15; Psalms 37:27; Proverbs 3:7 + 8 times; כי ברע הוא Exodus 32:22 he is set on evil; רע רשׁעים Psalms 7:10; רע מעללים I Samuel 25:3, compare Micah 3:4 (see רֹעַ 3); דִּבְרֵי רָע deeds of evil Jeremiah 5:28; תַּהְפֻּכוֹת רָ֑ע Proverbs 2:14; אֹרַח רע Psalms 119:101; עֲצַת רע Ezekiel 11:2; מֵחְשְׁבוֹת רע Proverbs 15:26; אִישׁ רע Proverbs 29:6; אַנְשֵׁי רע Proverbs 28:5; אֵשֶׁת רע Proverbs 6:24 (but read רֵעַ Gratz Bi Toy).

רָעָה⁴

noun (fem.) evil, misery, distress, injury;—absolute ר׳ Genesis 26:29 +; construct רָעַת Genesis 6:5 +; with suffix רָֽעָתִי Psalms 35:4 +; רָעָֽתְךָ I Kings 2:44 +; רָֽעָתֵכִי Jeremiah 11:15 (text doubtful); רָֽעַתְכֶם I Samuel 12:17, etc.; plural רָעוֹת Deuteronomy 31:17 +; רָעֹת Jeremiah 44:9 Exodus 23:2; with suffix רָעוֹתֵיכֶם I Samuel 10:19 +, etc.;—

evil, misery, distress: פַּחַד רָעָה Proverbs 1:33, באה (ה)רעה Ezekiel 7:5^(×2); c. עַל Isaiah 47:11 (read באה for בא), Jeremiah 5:12 + 5 times; c. אֶל Jeremiah 2:3; Jeremiah 51:60; †הביא רעה Jeremiah 4:6 I Kings 21:29; + אֶל II Samuel 17:14 + 8 times K Je; + עַל I Kings 9:9 = II Chronicles 7:22, Jeremiah 19:3 + 6 times Je + 8 times; + אֶל et על Jeremiah 19:15; Jeremiah 36:31; יוֹם רעה Jeremiah 17:17, Jeremiah 36:18 + 5 times; יְמֵי הרעה †Ecclesiastes 12:1 (that is, spring days, fatal to old people, Wetzstein in De ^{Koh. 447}); רָעוֹת evils Deuteronomy 31:17^(×2), Deuteronomy 31:21, Deuteronomy 32:23 (poem), Psalms 34:20; Psalms 40:13; Psalms 88:4; עֵת רָעָה Amos 5:13; Jeremiah 2:27, Jeremiah 2:28 + 5 times; †ראה ברעה Numbers 11:15 Obadiah 1:13; Esther 8:6; †ראה רעה Jeremiah 44:17 Psalms 90:15; Proverbs 22:3 = Proverbs 27:12; †יפול ברעה Proverbs 17:20; Proverbs 28:14; †בְּרָעָה Jeremiah 44:29 Proverbs 14:32; Proverbs 24:16; Nehemiah 1:3; I Chronicles 7:23 Psalms 107:26; ברעותיכם Psalms 141:5; נִחַם עַל רָעָה Exodus 32:12, Exodus 32:14 Jeremiah 8:6 + 6 times; c. אֶל II Samuel 24:16; Jeremiah 26:3, Jeremiah 26:13, Jeremiah 26:19; Jeremiah 42:10.

evil, injury, wrong: †עשׂה רעה II Samuel 12:18; Jeremiah 26:19; Jeremiah 41:11; c. עִם Genesis 26:29 Judges 15:3; II Samuel 13:16; c. את Judges 11:27; c. ל I Samuel 6:9; I Kings 2:44 + 4 times; c. אֶל Jeremiah 44:7; obj. of vbs. חשׁב Genesis 50:20 Jeremiah 36:3; Jeremiah 48:2 + 7 times; †חרשׁ I Samuel 23:9; Proverbs 3:29; הֵשִׁיב Genesis 50:15 Judges 9:56, Judges 9:57 + 4 times; †גמל Genesis 50:17 I Samuel 24:18 (I Samuel 24:17); Isaiah 3:9; Proverbs 3:30; בקשׁ Numbers 35:23; I Samuel 24:10 (I Samuel 24:9); I Samuel 25:26 + 4 times; †שׁלּם Genesis 44:4; Jeremiah 18:20; Jeremiah 51:24 Psalms 35:12; Psalms 38:21; לְרָעָה for harm Genesis 31:52; Exodus 23:2; Deuteronomy 29:20; Judges 2:15; II Samuel 18:32; Jeremiah 21:10 + 8 times Je, Amos 9:4; Zechariah 1:15; Proverbs 6:18; Ecclesiastes 5:12; בְּרָעָתֶ֑ךָ II Samuel 16:8 in thy mischief; בְּרָעָה Exodus 32:12 for mischief; רָעָה רַבָּה Ecclesiastes 2:21; רָעָה חוֹלָה Ecclesiastes 5:12, Ecclesiastes 5:15.

ethical evil, I Samuel 12:17, I Samuel 12:19; I Samuel 24:12; I Samuel 26:18; Isaiah 47:10; Jeremiah 2:19 + 13 times Je, + 18 times, + following: עָשָׂה (הָ)רָעָה Genesis 39:9; Deuteronomy 31:18 + 5 times + Jeremiah 18:10 (Kt, but Qr רע); מַעֲשֵׂה רעה Ecclesiastes 8:11; אהב רעה Micah 3:2 (Kt); שׁוּב מרעה Jeremiah 18:8; Jeremiah 23:14; Jeremiah 44:5; בִּעֵר רעה מ׳ Judges 20:13 (v ii. רַע 3); מִפְּנֵי רָעָה Jeremiah 7:12; Jeremiah 44:3; מפני רָעַת רעתכם Hosea 10:15; בגלל ר׳ Jeremiah 11:17; על כל ר׳ Jeremiah 1:16; Jeremiah 32:32; Jeremiah 33:5; מֵר׳ Psalms 107:34 Jeremiah 12:4; אַנְשֵׁי רָעָה Proverbs 24:1.

רָעַע

verb denom. be evil, bad;—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular רַע Numbers 22:34 + 3 times, רָ֑ע Numbers 11:10; 3rd feminine singular רָעָה Deuteronomy 15:9 (Exodus 21:8 see i. רַע); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יֵרַע (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67 p) Genesis 21:12 +; 3rd feminine singular תֵּרַע Deuteronomy 28:54, Deuteronomy 28:56; 3rd masculine plural יֵרְעוּ Nehemiah 2:3;—

be displeasing: רַע בְּעֵינֵי Numbers 11:10; Numbers 22:34, Joshua 24:15, Jeremiah 40:4; Proverbs 24:18 (c. וְ consec.) impf. יֵרַע בְּעֵינֵי Genesis 21:11, Genesis 21:12, Genesis 48:17, I Samuel 8:6; I Samuel 18:8; II Samuel 11:25; later, וַיֵּרַע אֶל Jonah 4:1 or וירע לְ Nehemiah 2:10 (intensified by רָעָה גְדוֹלָה), וַיֵּרַע לִי מְאֹד Nehemiah 13:8.

be sad: ירע לבב Deuteronomy 15:10; I Samuel 1:8; יֵֽרְעוּ פָנַי Nehemiah 2:3.

be injurious, evil: וַיֵּרַע לְ Psalms 106:32 it went ill with Moses, person subj. II Samuel 20:6; רַעָה עַיִן be grudging, c. ב person, Deuteronomy 15:9; Deuteronomy 28:54, Deuteronomy 28:56.

be evil, wicked, ethically: וַיֵּרַע בְּעֵינֵי י׳ Genesis 38:10; II Samuel 11:27; Isaiah 59:15; בְּעֵינֵי אֱלֹהִים I Chronicles 21:7.

suffer hurt: future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יֵרוֹעַ (רַע) Proverbs 11:15; Proverbs 13:20.

₇₀ past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הֵרַע Exodus 5:23 +; 2nd masculine singular הֲרֵעוֹתָ I Kings 17:20, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָרֵעַ Zephaniah 1:12, וַיָּ֫רַע I Kings 16:25; 2nd masculine singular תָּרַע Psalms 44:3 +, etc. inf. absolute הָרֵעַ I Samuel 12:25 I Chronicles 21:17; constructהָרַע Genesis 31:7 + 8 times, הָרֵ֑עַ Isaiah 1:16 + 4 times; participle (בינוני) מֵרַע Isaiah 9:16; Proverbs 17:4; plural מְרֵעִים Isaiah 1:4 +;—

do an injury, hurt: absolute Genesis 44:5, Isaiah 11:9 = Isaiah 65:25; Jeremiah 31:28; Proverbs 4:16; Proverbs 24:8; opposite היטיב Isaiah 41:23; Jeremiah 10:5; Zephaniah 1:12 (all in prov. phr. = do anything at all, compare רָע 2); הרע ל Genesis 19:9; Genesis 43:6; Exodus 5:22, Exodus 5:23; Numbers 11:11 Numbers 20:15; Joshua 24:20 + 5 times; with a direct object person Numbers 16:15 + 4 times; c. בְּ, I Chronicles 16:22 = Psalms 105:15 (c. ל), Jeremiah 25:29 Psalms 74:3; c. עִמָּדִי Genesis 31:7; c. על I Kings 17:20; c. ל + inf. Jeremiah 16:12; swear לְהָרַע, = to one’s hurt, Psalms 15:4; Leviticus 5:4; participle (בינוני) = noun לְבָבָם לְמֵרָע Daniel 11:27 (shall be) for mischief.

do evil, wickedly: absolute Genesis 19:7 I Samuel 12:25^(×2) + 6 times; opposite היטיב Jeremiah 4:22; Jeremiah 13:23; c. מִן comp., I Kings 14:9; I Kings 16:25; II Kings 21:11; Jeremiah 7:26; Jeremiah 16:12; with a direct object הֵרֵעוּ מַעַלְלֵיהֶם Micah 3:4, compare I Samuel 25:3; participle (בינוני) מֵרַע evil doer, Isaiah 9:16; Proverbs 17:4; plural Jeremiah 20:13; Jeremiah 23:14 Psalms 27:2 + 7 times; זֶרַע מ׳ Isaiah 1:4; Isaiah 14:20; בית מ׳ Isaiah 31:2; עֲדַת מ׳ Psalms 22:17; קְהַל מ׳ Psalms 26:5; סוֹד מ׳ Psalms 64:3.

רָעַע²

verb break (Aramaic loan-word = Hebrew רָצַץ q.see);—

past (עבר) 3rd plural רָעוּ Jeremiah 11:16; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָרֹעַ Jeremiah 15:12; Job 34:24, 2nd masculine singular with suffix תְּרֹעֵם Psalms 2:9 (but see below); inf. absolute רֹ֫עָה Isaiah 24:19 (del. ה as dittogr. and read רֹעַ, see Hithpōʿ.); participle (בינוני) f. רֹעָה (? for רֹעֲעָה) Proverbs 25:19:—

trans. הֲיָרֹעַ כַּרְזֶל בַּרְזֶל וגו׳ Jeremiah 15:12 can one break iron, iron out of the north? compare יָרֹעַ כַּבִּירִים Job 34:24; תְּרֹעֵם בְּשֵׁבֶט בַּרְזֶל Psalms 2:9 (but read תִּרְעֵם, see I. רעה, Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate Hup-Nowack al.).

intrans. break = be broken, of branches Jeremiah 11:16 (in figuratively; Gf Or al.; > Hitzig Gie are in a sad state, √ I. רעע); שֵׁן רֹעָה Proverbs 25:19 a broken tooth (ר׳ = רֹעֲעָה?; Frankenb Niph. participle (בינוני) נְרָעָה, compare Toy, but Niph. not elsewhere; Vrss רָעָה bad).—רֹ֫עוּ Isaiah 8:9 read דְּעוּ (Septuagint Lo Cheyne al., ‖ הַאֲזִינוּ).

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular + Qal inf. absolute (see above) רֹעַ הִתְרֹעֲעָה הָארץ Isaiah 24:19 the earth is broken asunder (‖ פּוֹר הִתְפּוֹרְרָה, מוֹט הִתְמוֹטְטָה); also inf. construct לְהִתְרוֹעֵעַ Proverbs 18:24 will be broken in pieces (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 114 i), ruined, De al., but < read לְהִתְרָעוֹת Vrss Toy al., see II. רעה Hithp. (see, however, Driver^{Expos. Times xi (1899–1900), 230 f.}).

רָפָא

verb heal (Mishnaic Hebrew in deriv.; Phoenician רפא, Syriac ܪܦܳܐ heal; on Aramaic n.pr. cpd. with רפא see Noldeke^{ZMG xl (1886), 723} Lidzbarski ³⁶⁹; Sab. n.pr. אלרפא Langer ^{1, 1} DHMZMG ^{xxxvii (1883), 326}; Arabic رَفَأَ (and رَفَا) darn, mend, repair, pacify; Ethiopic ረፍአ stitch together, mend; compare Küchenmeister ^{ZWiss. Th. xxx (1887), 257 ff.});—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular consec. וְר׳ Isaiah 6:10, with suffix וּרְפָאָם Isaiah 19:22, 1st singular with suffix consec. וּרְפָאתִיו Isaiah 57:19, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִרְפָּא II Kings 20:8 +, with suffix יִרְפָּאֵנוּ Hosea 6:1, Hosea 6:1 s. אֶרְפָּא Hosea 14:5 +, אֶרְפָּה (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 75 pp) Jeremiah 3:22; Jeremiah 3:3 fpl. תִּרְפֶּינָה (the same^{ib. qq}) Job 5:18, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. רְפָא Numbers 12:13, רְפָה (the same^{ib. pp}) Psalms 60:4, רְפָאָ֫ה Psalms 41:5, etc.; inf. absolute רָפוֹא Isaiah 19:22; construct לִרְפֹּא Hosea 5:13, etc.; participle (בינוני) רֹפֵא (פֶ K ³) II Kings 20:5 +;—heal:

literally,

of God, with a direct object person Genesis 20:17, Psalms 107:20 (with suffix), c. ל person Numbers 12:13 II Kings 20:5, II Kings 20:8.

of men, absolute Ecclesiastes 3:3 (opposite הרג); pt. as noun healer, physician, Genesis 50:2^(×2), II Chronicles 16:12.

figuratively, heal hurts of nation, involving י׳’s (restored) favour (and, often, forgiveness):

subj. י׳, c. with suffix person, Hosea 6:1; Hosea 11:3 (yet compare Wellhausen Nowack), Exodus 15:26, Isaiah 19:22; Isaiah 57:18, Isaiah 57:19 Jeremiah 33:6 Psalms 30:3, compare Psalms 6:3; with a direct object עַם II Chronicles 30:20, with a direct object אֶרֶץ II Chronicles 7:14; c. ל of nation Hosea 7:1, and (indef. subj.) Isaiah 6:10 (lest) one heal them (= passive, they be healed); with a direct object of hurt, מַחַץ מַכָּתוֹ Isaiah 30:26, שְׁבָרִים (of land) Psalms 60:4, so מְשׁוּבָה Hosea 14:5; Jeremiah 3:22 (incl. the consequences of backsliding); c. ל of hurt Psalms 103:3; direct object nation (personif.) + מִן of hurt Jeremiah 30:17 I will heal thee of thy wounds (‖ אֶרְפָּאֵךְ); absolute Isaiah 19:22 (opposite נגף), Deuteronomy 32:39 (opposite מחץ); pt. as noun healer, physician Jeremiah 8:22.

human subj., c. ל of nation, Hosea 5:13, compare Lamentations 2:13.

figuratively, heal individ. distresses, c. with suffix person Jeremiah 17:14, with a direct object נַפְשִׁי = me Psalms 41:5, c. ל person, לִשְׁבוּרֵי לֵב Psalms 147:3 (that is longing exiles, compare Isaiah 61:3); absolute Job 5:18 (opposite מחץ);

pt. as subst Job 13:4.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִרְפָּא Leviticus 13:37 +, 3rd feminine singular נִרְפָּ֑תָה (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 75 qq) Jeremiah 51:9; 3rd plural וְנִרְפּאוּ consec. Ezekiel 47:8; future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular תֵּרָפֵא Jeremiah 51:8; 3rd masculine plural יֵרָֽפְאוּ Ezekiel 47:9, Ezekiel 47:11, וַיֵּרָפוּ (Gesenius^l.c.) II Kings 2:22, etc.; inf. construct הֵרָפֵא Jeremiah 15:18 +, הֵרָפֵה (the same^ib.) Jeremiah 19:11;—be healed:

literally, of person I Samuel 6:3; + direct object of disease Deuteronomy 28:27, Deuteronomy 28:35; subj. disease Leviticus 13:18, Leviticus 13:37; Leviticus 14:3, Leviticus 14:48; of (bad) water II Kings 2:22, salt waters (prediction), that is be made fresh, Ezekiel 47:8, Ezekiel 47:9, Ezekiel 47:11; of (broken) pottery, that is be made whole, Jeremiah 19:11 (in sim.).

figuratively, be healed:

of national hurts, subj. city Jeremiah 51:8, Jeremiah 51:9; involving forgiveness and י׳’s blessing, impers. c. ל of people, נִרְפָּא־לָנוּ Isaiah 53:5 that is healing has come to us.

of personal distress, subj. person Jeremiah 17:14, subj. the distress Jeremiah 15:18.

past (עבר) 1st singular רִפִּאתִי II Kings 2:21; 2nd masculine plural רִפֵּאתֶם Ezekiel 34:4; 1st plural רִפִּאנוּ Jeremiah 51:9; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְרַפֵּא Exodus 21:19; Zechariah 11:16, וַיְרַפֵּא I Kings 18:30; 3rd masculine plural וַיְרַפְּאוּ Jeremiah 6:14, וַיְרַפּוּ (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 75 qq) Jeremiah 8:11; inf. absolute רַפֹּא Exodus 21:19;—have healed, heal, usually human subj.:

literally, רַפֹּא יְרַפֵּא Exodus 21:19 he shall have (him) well healed; with a direct object of altar, = repair, I Kings 18:30; c. ל of water (subj. י׳) II Kings 2:21.

figuratively of healing national defects and hurts, direct object person, Ezekiel 34:14; Zechariah 11:16; work at healing, treat (direct object of hurt) Jeremiah 6:14; Jeremiah 8:11 (both עַל־נְקַלָּה, see [קָלַל] Niph. 2), Jeremiah 51:9.

inf. construct of purpose, לְהִתְרַפֵּא, literally, in order to get healed, + מִן of wounds II Kings 8:29 = II Kings 9:15, so ‖ II Chronicles 22:6 (read with Septuagint מִן for כִּי, compare Be Kau Benz).—see רָפָה relax.

רָפָא²

n.pr.m. in Benj., I Chronicles 8:2, Ραφη[α].—II. רָפָא see רפה.—Vid. also בֵּית ר׳ p. 112.

רְפָאִים

see sub רפה.

רָפָה

n.pr.m. in Saul’s line I Chronicles 8:37, Ραφαι(α), SeptuagintL Αραχα; see רְפָיָה.—II. ר׳ see רפה.

רָפוּא

n.pr.m. in Benj., Numbers 13:9, Ραφου[αυ].

רְפֻאָה

noun (fem.) remedy, medicine;—plural absolute רְפֻאֹת Ezekiel 30:21 Jeremiah 30:13, -וֹת Jeremiah 46:11 (all figuratively).

רִפְאוּת

noun (fem.) healing;—ר׳ absolute Proverbs 3:8 (figuratively).

רְפָיָה

n.pr.m.

in David’s family I Chronicles 3:21, Ραφαλ, A SeptuagintL Ραφαια.

in Simeon, I Chronicles 4:42, Ραφαια(ς).

in Issachar, I Chronicles 7:2, Ραφαρα, A SeptuagintL Ραφαια.

descendant of Saul I Chronicles 9:43, Ραφαια, SeptuagintL Αραχα (= רָפָה I Chronicles 8:37).

post-ex. name Nehemiah 3:9, Ραφαια(ς).

רָפָה²

verb sink, relax (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, so Aramaic רפא (der. spec.), Zinj. רפה Aph., ܪܦܳܐ; Arabic رَفَاهَة an easy life is perhaps akin);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular Judges 19:9 (yet see below); 3rd feminine singular רָֽפְתָה Judges 8:3 Jeremiah 49:24, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִרְפֶּה Isaiah 5:24, וַיִּ֫רֶף Exodus 4:26 (see below), etc.;—

sink down, of hay in flame Isaiah 5:24; sink, decline, of day Judges 19:9 (si vera l.; SeptuagintL κέκλικεν, GFM נָטָה [but how expl. the difficult רפה?]). Usually

sink, drop (of wings, see Pi.), of hands, c. מִן Nehemiah 6:9 their hands will drop from the work (in fear); elsewhere absolute figuratively = lose heart, energy, II Samuel 4:1; Isaiah 13:7; Jeremiah 6:24; Jeremiah 50:43; Ezekiel 7:17; Ezekiel 21:12; Zephaniah 3:16; II Chronicles 15:7; יָדַיִם om. Jeremiah 49:24.

relax, abate, of temper Judges 8:3 (+ מֵעַל person).

relax, withdraw, subj. י׳, מִן person Exodus 4:26, that is let one alone (but read perhaps וַיֶּרֶף, v Hiph.).

participle (בינוני) plural נִרְפִּים idle Exodus 5:18, Exodus 5:17.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular רִפָּה Job 12:21; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine plural; תְּרַפֶּינָה Ezekiel 1:24, Ezekiel 1:25; participle (בינוני) מְרַפֵּא (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 75 rr) Jeremiah 38:4; plural מְרַפִּים Ezra 4:4;—causat.: let wings drop Ezekiel 1:24, Ezekiel 1:25 (read Qal, כנפיהם subj., Septuagint Co Toy Krae al., who del. in v Ezekiel 1:25); loosen and let drop, girdle of mighty, figuratively for weaken them Job 12:21; with a direct object hands, figuratively for enfeeble, dishearten Jeremiah 38:4; Ezra 4:4.

future (עתיד), 3rd masculine singular with suffix יַרְפְּךָ Deuteronomy 4:31 +; juss. 2nd masculine singular תֶּ֫רֶף Joshua 10:6 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. הַרְפֵּה Judges 11:37; II Kings 4:27; הֶ֫רֶף Deuteronomy 9:14 +; mpl. הַרְפּוּ Psalms 46:11;—causat.,

let drop, the hand II Samuel 24:16 = I Chronicles 21:15; figuratively, + מִן person, = abandon, Joshua 10:6; perhaps also (יָד om.) = relax, refrain Exodus 4:26 (reading וַיֶּרֶף, v Qal.); direct object rei, = abandon, forsake, Nehemiah 6:3, so (subj. י׳) Psalms 138:8; subj. י׳, with a direct object person, Deuteronomy 4:31; Deuteronomy 31:6, Deuteronomy 31:8; Joshua 1:5, I Chronicles 28:20.

let go, with suffix person, Song of Songs 3:4 (opposite אחז); figuratively, direct object (om.) מוּסָר, Proverbs 4:13 (opposite החזיק), צְדָקָה Job 27:6 (opposite the same).

refrain, c. מִן person, = let one alone Judges 11:37; Deuteronomy 9:14, מִן of anger Psalms 37:8; c. ל person I Samuel 11:3; II Kings 4:27; direct object person Job 7:19; absolute let alone, that is do nothing, be quiet, I Samuel 15:16 Psalms 46:11 (compare Weir in Driver 18 15, 16).—Jeremiah 3:22; Job 5:18 Psalms 60:4 see רָפָא.

past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular הִתְרַפִּית Proverbs 24:10 hast shewn thyself slack; participle (בינוני) מִתְרַפֶּה Proverbs 18:9 one shewing himself slack, plural מִתְרַפִּים Joshua 18:3.—Vid. also רָפָא heal.

רָפֶה

adjective slack;—absolute ר׳, of people, Numbers 13:18; construct רְפֵה יָדַיִם II Samuel 17:2, that is weak (‖ יָגֵעַ); fpl. יָדַיִם רָפוֹת figuratively of discouragement and fear Isaiah 35:3; Job 4:3. compare √ Qal. 2.

רָפָה³

II. רָפָא as n.pr.m., always c. art. Hā-Rāphā (perhaps der. from n.pr.gent. II. רְפָאִים, q.see);—הָֽרָפָה II Samuel 21:16, II Samuel 21:18, c. preposition לְהָ׳ v II Samuel 20:22 = לְהָרָפָא I Chronicles 20:6, I Chronicles 20:8;—only as parent, בִּילִידֵי הָר׳ II Samuel 21:16, II Samuel 21:18 (= מִילִידֵי הָֽרְפָאִים I Chronicles 20:4); יֻלַּד לְהָר׳ v II Samuel 21:20, II Samuel 21:22 ‖ I Chronicles 20:6, I Chronicles 20:8.—1. רָפָה see sub רָפָא.

רְפָאִים²

noun (masc.) ^{Job 26:5} plural shades, ghosts (by most connected with above √, as sunken, powerless, ones, Stade^{G. i. 420}; Phoenician רפאם);—Wisd. literally and late, name of dead in Sh^eʾôl, c. art. הָר׳ Job 26:5, elsewhere nearly = n.pr.: ר׳ Isaiah 14:9 (in Sh^eʾôl), Isaiah 26:14 (‖ מֵתִים), Psalms 88:11 (‖ the same), Proverbs 2:18 (‖ מָוֶת), Proverbs 9:18 (in עִמְקֵי שְׁאוֹל), קְחַל רְפָאִים Proverbs 21:16; of righteous Isr. Isaiah 26:19 earth shall cast forth ר׳ (‖ מֵתֶיךָ).

רְפָאִים³

n.pr.gent. old race of giants (perhaps = I. ר׳, as extinct and powerless; see especially WRS in Driver Deuteronomy 2:11; or as shadowy, vaguely known, SchwallyZAW ^{xviii (1896), 127 ff.} see also Stade^l.c.);—ancient inhab. of Canaan [W. of Jordan?], Genesis 15:20; Joshua 17:15, compare I Chronicles 20:4 (see II. רָפָה above); hence עֵמֶק ר׳, plain S. of Jerus. II Samuel 5:18, II Samuel 5:22; II Samuel 23:13; I Chronicles 11:15; I Chronicles 14:9; Isaiah 17:5; Joshua 15:8; Joshua 18:16; ר׳ E. of Jordan Deuteronomy 2:11 (‖ עֲנָקִים; tall, compare v Deuteronomy 2:10), v Deuteronomy 2:20 (‖ the same; tall; = Zamzummim); in Bashan, Genesis 14:5, Og the last of them Deuteronomy 3:11 (of huge size), Joshua 12:4; Joshua 13:12; אֶרֶץ ר׳ Deuteronomy 2:20; Deuteronomy 3:13. Septuagint Ραφαειν[μ]; οἱ γίγαντες Genesis 14:5 + 4 times; τῶν Τιτάνων II Samuel 5:18, II Samuel 5:22 + (SeptuagintL) II Samuel 23:13.

רְפָיָה²

n.pr.m. see sub רפא. רִפְיוֹן see רפה.

ר֫פֶשׁ

n.[m.] mire;—Isaiah 57:20 (+ טִיט).

רָץ

רָצָא

verb si vera l., ‖ form of רוּץ run, inf. absolute רָצוֹא Ezekiel 1:14, but read יָצוֹא (יֵֽצְאוּ) Hitzig-Smend Co Toy, compare Krae Berthol al.; Septuagint om. verse and most mod. think interpol.—Vid. also רצה.

רָצָה

verb be pleased with, accept favourably (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, will, be willing; Arabic رَضِىَ (orig. و) be well pleased with, Noldeke^{ZMG liv (1900), 155}; Sab. רצֿו favour CIS ^{iv. no. 77, 9 al.}, compare Hom^{Südar. Chrest. 123}, רצֿים good, acceptable, CIS ^{iv, no. 73, 9. al.}, of a coin, good, the same^{ib. no. 21, 5}; Aramaic ܪܥܳܐ רְעָא, ܪܥܳܐ have pleasure in, compare II. רָעָה above);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ר׳ Ecclesiastes 9:7; with suffix רָצָם Jeremiah 14:10; Jeremiah 14:1 s. וְרָצִאתִי Ezekiel 43:27 consec. (metapl. Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 75 rr; Aramaism, Krae; but Co וְרָצִיתִי), etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִרְצֶה Psalms 147:10 +, with suffix יִרְצְךָ Malachi 1:8; 3rd feminine singular juss. תִּ֫רֶץ Leviticus 26:43; Leviticus 26:3 fpl. תִּרְצֶנָה Proverbs 23:26 Kt (< Qr תִּצֹּרְנָה, √ נצר, compare Toy), etc.; imperative (ציווי) רְצֵה Psalms 40:14; Psalms 119:108; inf. construct רְצוֹת Proverbs 16:7 Psalms 77:8, etc.; participle (בינוני) רוֹצֶה Psalms 147:11; Psalms 149:4, with suffix רֹצָם Jeremiah 14:12; passive רָצוּי Esther 10:3, construct רְצוּי Deuteronomy 33:24;—

be pleased with, favourable to:

of God, with a direct object person Isaiah 42:1 Psalms 44:4; Psalms 147:11; Job 33:26; with a direct object rei Psalms 85:2 I Chronicles 29:17; Proverbs 16:7; Ecclesiastes 9:7; c. ב person Psalms 149:4; ב rei Psalms 147:10; Haggai 1:8; absolute Psalms 77:8.

of men: with a direct object person, subj. father Malachi 1:8, ‖ אהב Proverbs 3:12; of brother Genesis 33:10, monarch II Chronicles 10:7; with a direct object rei Psalms 62:5; Psalms 102:15; Job 14:6; Proverbs 23:26 (but see above); c. בְּ rei I Chronicles 29:3 Psalms 49:14; עִם person Job 34:9 Psalms 50:18; pt. passive רָצוּי favoured, acceptable to Deuteronomy 33:24 (poem), Esther 10:3.

accept: of God, with a direct object person, sacrificing, II Samuel 24:23; Hosea 8:13; Jeremiah 14:10, Jeremiah 14:12; Ezekiel 20:40, Ezekiel 20:41; Ezekiel 43:27; with a direct object of sacrifice Deuteronomy 33:11; Malachi 1:10, Malachi 1:13 Psalms 51:18; Psalms 119:108; c. בְ of sacrifice Micah 6:7; absolute Amos 5:22.

be pleased:

determined, c. inf. Psalms 40:14.

c. בּ person I Chronicles 28:4.

make acceptable, satisfy (by paying off debt), subj. land, paying off its sabbaths (Dillmann Driver al. accept, be satisfied with [in payment]) Leviticus 26:34, Leviticus 26:43; II Chronicles 36:21, with a direct object of guilt incurred (עָוֹן) Leviticus 26:41, Leviticus 26:43 (< point all these as Hiph., so Siegfried-Stade Gerber).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִרְצָה Leviticus 1:4 Isaiah 40:2; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יֵרָצֶה Leviticus 7:18 +, etc.;—

passive of Qal 2, be accepted, of sacrifices, c. ל person, Leviticus 1:4; Leviticus 22:25; c. ל of sacrifice Leviticus 22:23, Leviticus 22:27; absolute Leviticus 7:18; Leviticus 19:7.

passive of Qal 4: נִרְצָה עֲוֹנָהּ Isaiah 40:2 her punishment is accepted (as satisfactory).

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יְרַצּוּ Job 20:10, with a direct object דַּלִּים seek the favour of the poor (but Budde Siegfried-Stade Gerber from רצץ).

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular וְהִרְצָת (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 75 m) consec. Leviticus 26:34 the land shall pay off her sabbaths (direct object), compare Qal 4.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִתְרַצֶּה I Samuel 29:4 with what shall he make himself acceptable unto (אֶל) his lord? + 3rd masculine plural יִתְרַצּוּ Hosea 4:10 Septuagint Wellhausen Nowack (for Masoretic Text יפרצו) they shall not have delight.

רָצוֹן

n.[m.] goodwill, favour, acceptance, will;—absolute ר׳ Deuteronomy 33:23 +; construct רְצוֹן Psalms 145:19 +; with suffix רְצוֹנִי Isaiah 60:10, רְצֹנוֹ Daniel 8:4 +, etc.;—

goodwill, favour:

of God, Deuteronomy 33:16; Isaiah 60:10 Psalms 5:13; Psalms 30:6, Psalms 30:8; Psalms 51:20; Psalms 89:18; Psalms 106:4; Proverbs 8:35; Proverbs 12:2; Proverbs 18:22; עֵת ר׳ Isaiah 49:8 Psalms 69:14; יוֹם ר׳ Isaiah 58:5; שְׁנַת־ר׳ Isaiah 61:2; ‖ בְּרָכָה Deuteronomy 33:23; opposite תּוֹעֵכָה Proverbs 11:1, Proverbs 11:20; Proverbs 12:22; Proverbs 15:8.

of men: in generally Proverbs 10:32; Proverbs 11:27; Proverbs 14:9; of kings v Proverbs 14:35 Proverbs 16:13, Proverbs 16:15; Proverbs 19:12.

acceptance, of persons, offering sacrifice, לרצון לפני יהוה Exodus 28:38; c. ל person for acceptance for him before י׳; c. with suffix person לרצנוֹ Leviticus 1:3; abbrev. לְרָצוֹן לָכֶם Leviticus 22:20, לרצנכם Leviticus 19:5; Leviticus 22:19, Leviticus 22:29; Leviticus 23:11, לרצון Leviticus 22:21 Isaiah 56:7; Jeremiah 6:20 Psalms 19:15 (of words; compare Hosea 14:3); על רצון Isaiah 60:7 (read לְ, so Codd., see Gi, also Duhm), רצון Malachi 2:13.

will, desire, pleasure:

of God, עשׂה ר׳ do his will Ezra 10:11 Psalms 40:9; Psalms 103:21; Psalms 143:10.

of man, עשׂה כרצונוֹ do according to his will, exactly as he pleased, Daniel 8:4; Daniel 11:3, Daniel 11:16, Daniel 11:36; Nehemiah 9:24; Esther 1:8; Esther 9:5, compare Nehemiah 9:37; desire Psalms 145:16, Psalms 145:19 II Chronicles 15:15; = self-will Genesis 49:6 (poem).

רָצַח

verb murder, slay (Mishnaic Hebrew (rare, also in deriv.) = Biblical Hebrew; compare Arabic رَضَحَ, رَضَخَ break, bruise, crush);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular consec. זְר׳ Numbers 35:27, וּרְצָחוֹ Deuteronomy 22:26; 2nd masculine singular (הֲ)רָצַחְתָּ I Kings 21:19; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִרְצַח Numbers 35:30; Deuteronomy 4:42; 2nd masculine singular (-צַח) תִּרְצָ֑ח Exodus 20:13 = Deuteronomy 5:17; inf. absolute רָצֹחַ Hosea 4:2; Jeremiah 7:9; participle (בינוני) active רֹצֵחַ Deuteronomy 19:3 +, רוֹ׳ Deuteronomy 4:42 +;—murder, slay, with premeditation, Exodus 20:13 = Deuteronomy 5:17; Hosea 4:2; Jeremiah 7:9; I Kings 21:19 (all absolute); with a direct object person Deuteronomy 22:26, unawares Deuteronomy 4:42; slay as avenger Numbers 35:27, Numbers 35:30 (P; ‖ הֵמִית v Numbers 35:19, Numbers 35:21); especially pt. as noun = slayer, manslayer, without intent, Deuteronomy 4:42; Deuteronomy 19:3, Deuteronomy 19:4, Deuteronomy 19:6; also in P: Numbers 35:6, Numbers 35:11, Numbers 35:12, Numbers 35:25, Numbers 35:26, Numbers 35:27, Numbers 35:28; Joshua 20:3, Joshua 20:5, Joshua 20:6; Joshua 21:13, Joshua 21:21, Joshua 21:27, Joshua 21:32, Joshua 21:26 (van d. H., Baer, v Joshua 21:33 Gi; all P); murderer, with intent, Numbers 35:16^(×2), Numbers 35:17^(×2), Numbers 35:18^(×2), Numbers 35:19, Numbers 35:21^(×2), Numbers 35:30, Numbers 35:31; also Job 24:14.

future (עתיד) 1st singular אֵרָצֵחַ Proverbs 22:13 I shall be slain; participle (בינוני) fs. as adjective אִשָּׁה הַנִּרְצָחָה Judges 20:4 the murdered woman.

(intens.) murder, assassinate: 3rd masculine plural יְרַצְּחוּ Hosea 6:9 (absolute), יְרַצֵּ֑חוּ Psalms 94:6 (direct object person, ‖ הָרַג); Psalms 62:4 see below; participle (בינוני) מְרַצֵּחַ, as noun II Kings 6:32 murderer, assassin; plural מְרַצְּחִים Isaiah 1:21 assassins.

future (עתיד), 2nd masculine plural תְּרָצְּחוּ Psalms 62:4, so Baer Gi, van d. H. תְּרָצְהוּ, but Ben Napht. Pi. תְּרַצְּחוּ (Baer ¹⁴³), so Vrss Hup-Nowack De Cheyne Bae al. ye murder (or batter, shatter).

רְצִין

n.pr.m.

king of Aram, Ahaz’s time: II Kings 15:37; II Kings 16:5, II Kings 16:6, II Kings 16:9; Isaiah 7:1, Isaiah 7:4, Isaiah 7:8; Isaiah 8:6; Isaiah 9:10; Ρα(α)σ(σ)ων, Ρασειν.*

Ezra 2:48 = Nehemiah 7:49, Ρα(α)σων.

רִֽצְפָה

noun (fem.) pavement;—absolute ר׳ Ezekiel 40:17^(×2) +, construct רִֽצְפַת Esther 1:6 (van d. H. רִצְפָּה, -פַּת);—pavement, in Ezek.’s temple, Ezekiel 40:17^(×2), Ezekiel 40:18^(×2); Ezekiel 42:3; Sol.’s temple II Chronicles 7:3; in a palace Esther 1:6.

רִצְפָּה

noun (fem.) glowing stone (or coal) (Wellhausen^{Isr. u. Jüd. Gesch.(3) 83});—ר׳ absolute Isaiah 6:6; plural עֻגַת רְצָפִים I Kings 19:6 (compare Syriac above).

רֶ֫צֶף

n.pr.location conquered by Assyrian (Assyrian Raṣappa, COT II Kings 19:12 Schr^{KGF 167} Delitzsch^{Pa 297}; probably = Ῥησάφα Ptol^{see 18});—II Kings 19:12 = Isaiah 37:12, Ραφε(ι)ς, Ραφεθ; mod. Ruṣâfa, between Palmyra and the Euphrates Delitzsch^l.c. Peters ^{Nippur i. 105}.

רִצְפָּה²

n.pr.f. concubine of Saul, II Samuel 3:7; II Samuel 21:8, II Samuel 21:10, II Samuel 21:11, Ρεσφα.

רָצַץ

verb crush (Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Arabic رَضَّ bruise, bray, crush; Aramaic רְעַע, ܪܰܥ crush, shatter);—

past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular with suffix רַצּוֹתָנוּ I Samuel 12:4; I Samuel 12:1 s. רַצּוֹתִי v I Samuel 12:3; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָרוּץ (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67 q) Isaiah 42:4 (Cod. Bab. יֵרוֹץ, Niph., so Siegfried-Stade here and Ecclesiastes 12:6 a), 3rd feminine singular תָּרוּץ Ecclesiastes 12: 6 a, 1st singular אָרֻץ Psalms 18:30 = אָרוּץ II Samuel 22:30 (see רוּץ); participle (בינוני) active fpl. רֹצְצוֹת Amos 4:1; passive רָצוּץ Isaiah 42:3 +, construct רְצוּץ Hosea 5:11; plural רְצוּצִים Isaiah 58:6;—crush:

literally,

pt. passive in (הַ)קָּנֶה (הַ)רָצוּץ II Kings 18:21; = Isaiah 36:6, Isaiah 42:3 (all metaphorically of weak person).

impf. intrans.get crushed (read תֵּרוֹץ?), of bowl Ecclesiastes 12:6 a (in metaphorically).

figuratively crush, oppress, direct object person I Samuel 12:3, I Samuel 12:4; Amos 4:1; pt. passive Deuteronomy 28:33, as noun the oppressed Isaiah 58:6; רְצוּץ מִשְׁפָּט Hosea 5:11 (Wellhausen Nowack רֹצֵץ, that is suppressing judgment, but doubtful); intrans. get crushed (read יֵרוֹץ?), of servant of י׳, under figuratively of wick, Isaiah 42:4 (+ יִכְהֶה) he shall not grow dim or be crushed out.

be crushed, broken: past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular consec. וְנָרֹץ (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67 t) Ecclesiastes 12:6 b (of wheel at cistern); future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular תֵּרוֹץ Ezekiel 29:7 (of Pharaoh as reed, compare Qal 1 a); Job 20:10 read perhaps יֵרֹצּוּ (for יְרַצּוּ, see רצה Pi.), are crushed (as) poor men, Budde, compare Hoffmann Siegfried-Stade Gerber.—Isaiah 42:4 Ecclesiastes 12:6 a see Qal. Pi. crush in pieces:

literally (in metaphorically) past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular רִצַּצְתָּ Psalms 74:14 with a direct object rei

figuratively = grievously oppress, 3rd masculine singular רִצַּץ Job 20:19; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיְרַצֵּץ מִן הָעָם II Chronicles 16:10. Pōʿēl future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural וַיְרֹצְצוּ Judges 10:8, direct object person (= Pi. 2; ‖ רעץ; רצץ here perhaps doublet, so GFM^Haupt, compare Budde Nowack).

future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular וַתָּ֫רִץ (Konig^{i. 352}; Barth^{ZMG xliii (1889), 181} thinks Qal) Judges 9:53 she crushed his skull. Hithpōʿ. recipr., future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural וַיִּתְרֹצֲצוּ הַבָּנִים בְּקִרְבָּהּ (ץְ Gi) Genesis 25:22 the children crushed one another within her.

רַק

רֹק

see II. רקק.

רָקָב

n.[m.] rottenness, decay (always figuratively);—ר׳ absolute; appar. of ravages of worm, in בֵּית יְהוּדָה, in figuratively Hosea 5:12 (‖ עָשׁ), compare Job 13:28 (‖ the same); elsewhere of decay of bones, caries (in figuratively), ר׳ בְּעַצְמ׳ Habakkuk 3:16; Proverbs 12:4, construct רְקַב עַצְמ׳ Proverbs 14:30.

רִקָּבוֹן

n.[m.] the same;—עֵץ ר׳ Job 41:19 wood of rottenness, = rotten wood (in figuratively).

רָקַח

verb mix, or compound oil, ointment (perhaps denom.; in this case √ meaning unknown; Mishnaic Hebrew has מִרְקַחַת ointment; Phoenician רקח either spice-mixer (Bloch) or spice-dealer (Lidzbarski); perhaps akin to Assyrian riḳḳu, spice, Meissn^{Suppl. 90}, compare rikkê, Delitzsch^{HWB 620});—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִרְקַח Exodus 30:33; participle (בינוני) רֹקֵחַ v Exodus 30:25, Exodus 30:35, רוֹ׳ Exodus 37:29 Ecclesiastes 10:1; plural construct רֹקְחֵי I Chronicles 9:30;—mix, compound, Exodus 30:33 (P; כָּמֹהוּ, that is anything like the holy oil); pt. as noun רֹקְחֵי הַמִּרְקַחַת I Chronicles 9:30 compounders of the ointment; as a professional name, mixer, perfumer, Exodus 30:25, Exodus 30:35; Exodus 37:29; Ecclesiastes 10:1.

participle (בינוני) mpl. מְרֻקָּחִים II Chronicles 16:14 mixed as ointment.

infinitive (מקור) absolute הַרְקַח הַמֶּרְקָחָה Ezekiel 24:10 (‖ הָתֵם), as imperative (ציווי), spice the spicing (?), that is spice (the meat) well, but very doubtful, Krae proposes הָרֵק הַמָּרָק empty out the broth.

רֹ֫קַח

n.[m.] spice-mixture, perfume;—of holy oil, ר׳ מִרְקַחַת מַעֲשֵׂה רֹקֵחַ Exodus 30:25; of incense, ר׳ מַעֲשֵׂה רוֹקֵחַ v Exodus 30:35.

רָקַם

verb variegate (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; so Arabic رَقَمَ, Ethiopic ረቀመ:, compare Targum רְקָם, רִקְמָתָא variegated cloth or skin, Syriac ܬܰܪܩܡܳܬܳܐ freckles);—

participle (בינוני) active רֹקֵם, as noun variegator, worker (weaver) in colours, c. ב mater. Exodus 38:23, מְלֶאכֶת חָרָשׁ וְחשֵׁב זְר׳ Exodus 35:35; especially מַעֲשֵׂה ר׳ variegator’s work Exodus 26:36; Exodus 27:16; Exodus 28:39 = Exodus 36:37; Exodus 38:18; Exodus 39:29 (all P; all c. mater. except Exodus 28:39).

past (עבר) 1st singular רֻקַּמְתִּי Psalms 139:15 I was skilfully wrought (woven, ‖ סכך v Psalms 139:13).

רִקְמָה

noun (fem.) variegated stuff (woven or embroidered);—absolute ר׳ Judges 5:30 +; with suffix רִקְמָתֵךְ Ezekiel 16:18, -תָם Ezekiel 26:16; dual רִקְמָתַיִם Judges 5:30; plural רְקָמוֹת Psalms 45:15;—(piece of) variegated stuff, Judges 5:30^(×2), for garments Ezekiel 16:10, Ezekiel 16:13; Ezekiel 27:16, Ezekiel 27:24 Psalms 45:15; explicitly, בִּגְדֵי ר׳ Ezekiel 16:18; Ezekiel 26:16; ר׳ appar. = variegated work Ezekiel 27:7; figuratively of variegated plumage Ezekiel 17:3; of variegated stone I Chronicles 29:2.

רֶ֫קֶם

n.pr.

m.

a king of Midian Numbers 31:8 (Ροκομ), Joshua 13:21 (Ροβοκ, A Ροκομ, Septuagint Οροκομ).

a ‘son’ of Hebron I Chronicles 2:43, I Chronicles 2:44, Ρεκομ, Ροκομ, Ρωκημ.

name in Gilead I Chronicles 7:16, SeptuagintL Ρακαμ.

location in Benj., Joshua 18:27, Νακαν, A SeptuagintL Ρεκεμ[ν].

רָקַע

verb beat, stamp, beat out, spread out (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Hiph., Aramaic רְקַע Aph., both spread out, and deriv.; Syriac ܪܩܰܥ press down (Lk 6:38 Septuagint), spread out, also consolidate; Arabic رَقَعَ patch, put on a patch, repair, compare Chr-Pal. ܡܪܩܥܐ patch, ܡܪܘܩܥܢܝܬܐ swaddling-bands, Schwally^{Idiot. 90}; Phoenician מרקע platter, or bowl, of gold CIS^{i. 90, 1});—

future (עתיד) 1st singular with suffix אֶרְקָעֵם II Samuel 22:43 I will stamp them down (probably gloss to אֲדִקֵּם preceding, compare Bae Psalms 18:43); imperative (ציווי) רְקַע בְּרַגְלְךָ Ezekiel 6:11 beat (stamp) with thy foot, in token of contemptuous pleasure, compare Davidson (‖ הַכֵּה בְכַפְּךָ); so infinitive (מקור) construct with suffix רַקְעֲךָ בְּרָ֑גֶל Ezekiel 25:6 (‖ מַחְאֲךָ יָד); participle (בינוני) active as noun construct (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 65d) רֹקַע הָאָרֶץ (that is י׳) he that (beateth out) spreadeth out the earth Isaiah 42:5, רֹקַע הָא׳ Isaiah 44:24, רוֹקַע הָא׳ Psalms 136:6.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix בַּזָּהָב יְרַקְּעֶנּוּ Isaiah 40:19 a goldsmith with gold over-layeth it (literally beateth it out); 3rd masculine plural וַיְרַקְּעוּ אֶת־ פַּחֵי הַזָּהָב Exodus 39:3 they beat out the plates of gold; with suffix וַיְרַקְּעוּם צִפּוּי Numbers 17:4 they beat them out as plating.

participle (בינוני) כֶּסֶף מְרֻקָּ֑ע Jeremiah 10:9 silver beaten out.

future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular תַּרְקִיעַ עִמּוֹ לִשְׁחָקִים Job 37:18 canst thou make with (= like) him a spreading for clouds (spread out clouds; compare רָקִיעַ)?

רָקִיעַ

noun (masc.) ^{Genesis 1:6} extended surface, (solid) expanse (as if beaten out; compare Job 37:18);—absolute ר׳ Ezekiel 1:22 +, construct רְ׳ Genesis 1:14 +;—Septuagint στερέωμα, Vulgate firmamentum, compare Syriac sub √ above;—

(flat) expanse (as if of ice, compare כְּעֵין הַקֶרַח), as base, support (Winckler^{Altor. Forsch. iv. 347}) Ezekiel 1:22, Ezekiel 1:23, Ezekiel 1:25 (gloss? compare Co Toy), v Ezekiel 1:26 (supporting י׳’sthrone) Ezekiel 10:1. Hence (Co Ezekiel 1:22)

the vault of heaven, or ‘firmament,’ regarded by Hebrews as solid, and supporting ‘waters’ above it, Genesis 1:6, Genesis 1:7^(×3), Genesis 1:8 (called שָׁמַיִם; all P), Psalms 19:2 (‖ הַשָּׁמַיִם), זֹהַר הָר׳ Daniel 12:3; also הַשָּׁמַיִם ר׳ Genesis 1:14, Genesis 1:15, Genesis 1:17, עַל־פְּנֵי ר׳ הַשּׁ׳ v Genesis 1:20 (all P).*

רַק²

adjective thin;—fpl. רַקּוֹת, of kine, Genesis 41:19, Genesis 41:20, Genesis 41:27 (‖ v Genesis 41:3, Genesis 41:4 דַּקּוֹת).

₁₀₉ adverb with restrictive force, only, altogether, surely (syn. אַךְ);—

only, Genesis 14:24; Genesis 41:40 רַק הַכִּסֵּא אֶגְדַּל מִמֶּךָּ only as regards the throne, etc., Genesis 47:22 רַק אַדְמַת הַכֹּהֲנִים לֹא קָנָה, Genesis 50:8; Exodus 8:5 רַק בַּיְאֹר תִּשָּׁאַרְנָח, Genesis 10:17 וְיָסֵר מֵעָלַי רַק הַמָּוֶת הַזֶּה only this death, Deuteronomy 2:35 (compare Deuteronomy 20:14; Joshua 8:2, Joshua 8:27), Joshua 3:11; Judges 6:39 (compare אַךְ ib. Genesis 18:32; Exodus 10:17), Judges 11:34 (circ. cl.) רַק הִיא יְחִידָה (there being) only she, an only one, I Samuel 1:13; Amos 3:2 רק אתכם ידעתי only you have I known, etc., Job 1:15, Job 1:16, Job 1:17, Job 1:19 וָאִמָּֽלְטָה רַק אֲנִי לְבַדִּי I only, Psalms 91:8 + often. Once strengthening אַךְ, †Numbers 12:2 הֲרַק אַךְ־בְּמשֶׁה דִּבֶּר י׳. And separated (as sometimes in English) from the word actually emphasized, Proverbs 13:10 רַק בְּזָדוֹן יִתֵּן מַצָּה by pride there only cometh [נָתַן 1 z] contention.

prefixed to sentences, to add a limitation on sthg. previously expressed (or implied), Genesis 19:8 only to these men do nothing, Genesis 24:8 רַק אֶת־בְּנִי לֹא־תָשֵׁב הֵ֫נָּה, Exodus 8:24 I will let you go …, only go not far, v Exodus 8:25 Numbers 20:19 only—it is nothing—let me pass through on my feet (compare Deuteronomy 2:28); especially in Deut. writers, as Deuteronomy 10:15; Deuteronomy 12:15; Deuteronomy 20:16; I Kings 3:2, I Kings 3:3 (compare II Kings 12:4; II Kings 14:4; II Kings 15:4, II Kings 15:35), II Kings 8:19; II Kings 11:13; II Kings 15:14, II Kings 15:23; II Kings 3:2 (compare II Kings 14:3; II Kings 17:2), etc., Isaiah 4:1; emphasizing a command, Deuteronomy 4:9; Deuteronomy 12:16, Deuteronomy 12:23 Joshua 1:7, Joshua 1:18; Joshua 6:18; Joshua 13:6; Joshua 22:5 (all D²).

emphasizing single words, especially adjj., only = nought but, altogether, Genesis 6:5 יֵצֶר מַחְשְׁבוֹת לִבּוֹ רַק רַע is only evil, that is exclusively evil, nought but evil, Genesis 26:29 עָשִׂינוּ עִמְּךָ רַק טוֹב nothing but good, Deuteronomy 28:33 וְהָיִיתָ רַק עָשׁוּק, Isaiah 28:19 רַק זְוָעָה it shall be nought but terror to, etc., I Kings 14:8 (compare אַךְ 2 b β); followed by an adverb Deuteronomy 28:13 וְהָיִיתָ רַק לְמַ֫עְלָה above only; followed by a verb, Judges 14:16 thou dost but hate me.

after a neg., save, except (syn. כִּי אִם 2 a), I Kings 8:9 (= II Chronicles 5:10) אֵין בָּאָרוֹן רַק שְׁנֵי לֻחוֹת הָאֲבָנִים, I Kings 15:5; I Kings 22:16 (= II Chronicles 18:15), II Kings 17:18.

with an affirmative, asseverative force, only, altogether = surely, Genesis 20:11 רַק אֵין יִרְאַת אלהים במקום הזה, Deuteronomy 4:6 (so EV; but Gesenius populus mere sapiens, so Dillmann), I Kings 21:25 II Chronicles 28:10 Psalms 32:6 רַק לְשֶׁטֶף מים רבים אליו לא יַגִּ֑יעוּ. †f. רַק אִם (רַק prefixed for emph.) if only, provided only, Deuteronomy 15:5 רַק אִם שׁמוע תשׁמע וג׳, I Kings 8:25 (= II Chronicles 6:16) רַק אִם ישׁמרו בניך דרכם ללכת וג׳, II Kings 21:8 (= II Chronicles 33:8).

רָקַק

verb spit (Mishnaic Hebrew, Aramaic רְקַק, ܪܰܩ, all = Biblical Hebrew);—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָרֹק Leviticus 15:8, c. ב of person spit upon.—compare יָרַק.

רֹק²

n.[m.] spittle;—absolute ר׳ Isaiah 50:6; Job 30:10 (both of contemptuous spitting); with suffix רֻקִּי Job 7:19 while I swallow (בָּלַע) my spittle, that is for the briefest time.

רַקַּת

n.pr.location in Naphtali, Joshua 19:35; Septuagint (ομαθα) δακεθ, A Ρεκκαθ, SeptuagintL Ρακκαθ; a Jewish trad. identified with Tiberias, Talm^{Jer. Megilla 2b} Nbr^{Geogr. 208 f.} Buhl^{Geogr. 225} GASm^{Geogr. 447}.

רָשׁ

רָשָׁע

adjective wicked, criminal;—absolute ר׳ Genesis 18:23 +; plural רְשָׁעִים Isaiah 13:11 +; construct רִשְׁעֵי Psalms 75:9 + 3 times; fs. רְשָׁעָה Ezekiel 3:18 (del. Co), v Ezekiel 3:19 (רָשָׁע Co);—

usually as noun, one guilty of crime, deserving punishment; sometimes also wicked; opposite צַדִּיק; רָשָׁע Exodus 2:13; Exodus 23:1, Deuteronomy 25:2; Proverbs 17:23; Proverbs 18:5; Proverbs 25:5; Job 9:22, Job 9:24; coll. Genesis 18:23, Genesis 18:25^(×2) Micah 6:10; Proverbs 3:33; Proverbs 28:4, רשׁעים I Samuel 24:14; Jeremiah 5:26; Proverbs 19:28; Proverbs 20:26; Proverbs 29:12, אנשׁים רשׁעים II Samuel 4:11 (murderers), רָשָׁע לָמוּת Numbers 35:31 guilty of death, מוֹשֵׁל ר׳ Proverbs 28:15, compare Proverbs 29:2, הִצְדִּיק ר׳ Exodus 23:7 Isaiah 5:23; Proverbs 17:15; הִרְשִׁעַ ר׳ Deuteronomy 25:1 I Kings 8:32 = השׁיב לְרָשָׁע II Chronicles 6:23; אמר לר׳ צַדִּיק Proverbs 24:24.

guilty of hostility to God or his people, wicked enemies: רשׁע singular Psalms 17:13 + 6 times ψψ, Isaiah 26:10; coll. Psalms 9:6, Psalms 9:17; Psalms 10:2 + 6 times ψψ, Isaiah 11:4 Habakkuk 3:13; רשׁעים Psalms 3:8; Psalms 7:10; Psalms 9:18 + 5 times ψψ, Isaiah 48:22; Isaiah 57:20, Isaiah 57:21 Jeremiah 25:31 Ezekiel 21:34 Malachi 3:21 (+ (poss.) other cases; often hard to decide); specif. of Pharaoh Exodus 9:27, Babylon Isaiah 13:11; Isaiah 14:5, Chaldeans Habakkuk 1:4, Habakkuk 1:13; ‖ שׂנְאֵי יהוה II Chronicles 19:2.

guilty of sin, against either God or man, wicked: האנשׁים הרשׁעים Numbers 16:26 (J, rebellious Korahites), Malachi 3:18 (not serving י׳), opposite צַדִּיק; singular indiv. Ezekiel 3:18^(×2); Ezekiel 21:30; Ezekiel 33:8^(×2) Psalms 11:5; Psalms 32:10 Proverbs 9:7 +; coll. Isaiah 3:11 Job 34:18; Job 36:6, Job 36:17; plural רשׁעים Isaiah 53:9 Jeremiah 23:19 = Jeremiah 30:23, Zephaniah 1:3 Psalms 26:5; Proverbs 10:3; Ecclesiastes 8:10 +; ‖ חסידים I Samuel 2:9 (poem), Psalms 12:9; Psalms 50:16; Psalms 97:10; Psalms 145:20; ‖ עֹזְבֵי תוֹרָתֶ֑ךָ Psalms 119:53, compare v Psalms 119:61, +; †אדם ר׳ Proverbs 11:7; Job 20:29; Job 27:13; אִישׁ ר׳ Proverbs 21:29; מלאך ר׳ Proverbs 13:17; זֶרַע רשׁעים Psalms 37:28; †עֲצַת רשׁעים Psalms 1:1; Job 10:3; Job 21:16; Job 22:18; †דֶּרֶךְ רשׁעים Jeremiah 12:1 Psalms 1:6; Psalms 146:9; Proverbs 4:19; Proverbs 12:26; דֶּרֶךְ רשׁע Proverbs 15:9; מִדַּרְכּוֹ הָֽרְשָׁעָה Ezekiel 3:18, Ezekiel 3:19 (but see Co, above); †רִשְׁעֵי (ה)ארץ Psalms 75:9; Psalms 101:8; Psalms 119:119 Ezekiel 7:21 (Septuagint Co עריצי).—רָשָׁע is rare before exile; chiefly Ez ψψ WisdLit.

רֶ֫שַׁע

noun (masc.) ^{I Samuel 24:14} wickedness;—absolute ר׳ Micah 6:10 +, רָ֑שַׁע Ecclesiastes 3:16; construct (perhaps) רֶ֫שַׁע Ecclesiastes 7:25; with suffix רִשְׁעוֹ Deuteronomy 9:27 +, etc.;—

wickedness, as violence and crime against civil law Ecclesiastes 3:16^(×2); אֶגְרֹף ר׳ Isaiah 58:4 fist of wickedness; חַרְצֻבּוֹת ר׳ v Isaiah 58:6; לֶחֶם ר׳ Proverbs 4:17; מַטֵּה ר׳ Ezekiel 7:11; מֹאזְנֵי ר׳ Micah 6:11; אֹצְרוֹת ר׳ v Micah 6:10, compare Proverbs 10:2; בְּרֶשַׁע Psalms 141:4; Proverbs 12:3; עשׂות ר׳ Proverbs 16:12; מִרְשָׁעִים יֵצֵא ר׳ I Samuel 24:14 (proverb).

wickedness of enemies: of Egypt Ezekiel 31:11 (doubtful Co; gloss Toy); שֵׁבֶט הר׳ Psalms 125:3 (Septuagint Siegfried-Stade רָשָׁע).

wickedness, in ethical relations: ‖ חטאת Deuteronomy 9:27 (D²); ‖ עון Jeremiah 14:20; ‖ עולה Hosea 10:13; opposite צֶדֶק Psalms 45:8, אֱמֶת Proverbs 8:7; see also Psalms 5:5; Psalms 10:15; Job 34:10; Job 35:8; Ecclesiastes 7:25; Ecclesiastes 8:8; אַנְשֵׁי ר׳ Job 34:8; אָהֳלֵי ר׳ Psalms 84:11; שׁוּב מֵרִשְׁעוֹ Ezekiel 3:19; Ezekiel 33:12 (see רִשְׁעָה 3).

רִשְׁעָה

noun (fem.) wickedness;—absolute ר׳ Isaiah 9:17 +; construct רִשְׁעַת Deuteronomy 9:4 +; with suffix רִשְׁעָתוֹ Deuteronomy 25:2 +;—

wickedness in civil relations, Deuteronomy 25:2; Proverbs 13:6; Isaiah 9:17; בְּרִשְׁעָתוֹ יפּל רָשָׁע Proverbs 11:5.

wickedness of enemies, גְּבוּל ר׳ Malachi 1:4 (Edom); זאת הר׳ Zechariah 5:8 (personif.); לְרִשְׁעָה Ezekiel 5:6 (del. Co); רִשְׁעַת הגוים Deuteronomy 9:4, Deuteronomy 9:5.

wickedness, ethical and religious, עשׂה ר׳ Malachi 3:15, Malachi 3:19, שׁוּב מֵרִשְׁעָתוֹ Ezekiel 18:27; Ezekiel 33:19; רִשְׁעַת (הָ)רָשָׁע Ezekiel 18:20; Ezekiel 33:12.

רִשְׁעָתַיִם

see כּוּשַׁן ר׳ p. 469.

רֶ֫שֶׁף

noun (masc.) ^{Habakkuk 3:5} flame, fire-bolt;—absolute ר׳ Deuteronomy 32:24 +; plural רְשָׁפִים Psalms 78:48, construct רִשְׁפֵי Psalms 76:4, רִשְׁפֵּי Song of Songs 8:6; with suffix רְשָׁפֶיהָ v Song of Songs 8:6;—

flame: ר׳ ר׳ אֵשׁ Song of Songs 8:6 its flames (sc. of אַהֲבָה, קִנְאָה) are flames of fire; בְּנֵי ר׳ Job 5:7 = sparks; ר׳ = pointed flame of lightning Psalms 78:48 (‖ בָּרָד); ר׳ קָ֑שֶׁת Psalms 76:4 sharp flames of the bow, figuratively for arrows.

fire-bolt of י׳, bringing pestilence and death, Deuteronomy 32:24 (compare Driver; ‖ קֶטֶב מְרִירִי), Habakkuk 3:5 (‖ דֶּבֶר).

רֶ֫שֶׁף²

n.pr.m. in Ephr., I Chronicles 7:25; Σαραφ, A Ρασεφ, SeptuagintL Ρασηφ.

רֶ֫שֶׁת²

net, see ירשׁ.

רָתַח

verb boil (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Ecclus Ben Sira 43:3 Hiph. make hot; Aramaic רְתַח, ܪܬܰܚ boil);—

imperative (ציווי) ms. רַתַּח causat. Ezekiel 24:5 cause to boil, bring to boiling, with a direct object rei.

past (עבר) 3rd plural רֻתְּחוּ Job 30:27 my bowels have been made to boil without quiet (figuratively of violent emotion).

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַרְתִּיחַ כַּסִּיר מְצוּלָה Job 41:23 he (the crocod.) maketh the depth boil like the pot.

רָתַם

verb bind, attach (compare Arabic رَتِيمَةٌ thread bound to finger as reminder);—

imperative (ציווי) ms. רְתֹם הַמֶּרְכָּבָה לָרֶכֶשׁ Micah 1:13.

רֹ֫תֶם

noun (masc.) ^{I Kings 19:5} a kind of broom-shrub, broom-plant, retem (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic رَتَمٌ (on form Lagarde^{BN 152}); Targum רִיתְמָא, all = Biblical Hebrew);—absolute ר׳ אֶחָד I Kings 19:5, ר׳ אחת v I Kings 19:4 Kt (אֶחָד Qr); plural שֹׁרֶשׁ רְתָמִים לַחְמָם Job 30:4 (on text see Budde Cheyne^below); גַּחֲלֵי רְתָמִים Psalms 120:4, Rob^{BR i. 84, 203, 205, 500} Löw^{Noldeke. 313} Post^{Hastings, DB, ‘Juniper’} Cheyne^{Ency. Bib. ‘Juniper’}.

רְתֵת

n.[m.] trembling (on form Lagarde^{BN 176} Barth^{§ 7b});—ר׳ Hosea 13:1 (si vera l.) when Ephr. spoke trembling (AV Cheyne al.); Ewald al. spoke terror; Hitzig Ke RV spoke, there was trembling; text doubtful (see Nowack).