BDB — צ (231)

verb be inclined, desire, be pleased (Targum Syriac; compare Biblical Hebrew 11 ׃צבה);—

noun (fem.) thing, anything (orig. purpose) (Palmyrene צבו Lidzbarski³⁵⁷ SAC¹⁰⁰ Cooke²⁶⁶, Syriac ܨܒܽܘܬܳܐ, all thing; compare Mishnaic Hebrew חֵפֶץ thing, from הָפֵץ delight in, crave);—Daniel 6:18.

n.[m.] side (very rare in Aramaic; perhaps Hebr., see Biblical Hebrew the same, √ צדד);—construct, c. preposition: לְצ׳ עליא Daniel 7:25, that is against; מִצּ׳ מַלְכוּתָא Daniel 6:5, that is arising from, touching.

noun (masc.) ^{Daniel 2:31} image (see Biblical Hebrew צלם);—absolute צ׳ Daniel 2:31; Daniel 3:1; construct צ׳ Daniel 3:19, צֶ֫לֶם v Daniel 3:5 +; emph. צַלְמָא Daniel 2:31 +;—image Daniel 2:31^(×2), Daniel 2:32, Daniel 2:34, Daniel 2:35; Daniel 3:1 + 10 times Daniel 3:3; צ׳ אַנְפּוֹהִי Daniel 3:19 that is his expression.

[צֹאִי]] see צוא.

noun (masc.)plural a kind of lotus (Rhamnus (more exactly Zizyphus), Lotus [Linn.], thorny lotus (not sacred Nymphaea Lotus); Saad. ضَالٌ, compare AW De Job 2, Syriac ܥܳܐܠܴܐ, see Löw^{p. 275});—Job 40:21, Job 40:22.

n.coll.f. Genesis 30:36 (poss. m. v Genesis 30:39 +, Konig^{Synt. § 247 g}, but doubtful, v Genesis 30:39 c. verb fpl., as usually; in I Samuel 15:14 join הַזֶּה with קוֹל; see further Albr ^{journal ZAW xv (1895), 316 ff.}) small cattle, sheep and goats, flock, flocks;—צ׳ absolute Genesis 4:2 +, construct Genesis 29:9 +; with suffix צֹאנוֹ Genesis 4:4 +; צֹאנֵנוּ Exodus 10:9, צֹאונֵנוּ Psalms 144:13; as plural צֹאנֵינוּ Nehemiah 10:37 van d. H. Gi (not Baer); s. [צֹנֶא] צֹנֶה p. 856, etc.;—

n.pr.location Micah 1:11 Σεννααρ [ν], perhaps = צְנָן in the Shephelah of Judah Joshua 15:37, Σεννα(μ).

see i, ii. צבב.

verb wage war, serve (Sab. צֿבא wage war with, also n. army, campaign Hom^{Chrest. 125} CIS ^{iv. 299, 1. 2} DHM ^{VOJ i. 28}; Ethiopic ጸብአ: (> ፀብአ:) wage war; Assyrian ṣâbu, man, soldier; Noldeke^{ZMG xl (1886), 726} al. cp. (on account of Sab. Ethiopic ץֿ) Arabic ضَبَأَ conceal oneself, hence lie in wait; this is phonetically suitable, but better in meaning would be صَبَأَ go or come forth (against one), etc., so Gesenius' Thesaurus Lagarde^{BN 21}; Frä²³² cp. صَبِىٌّ young man);—

noun (masc.) II Chronicles 28:9 (poss. f. Isaiah 40:2; Daniel 8:12, but see Albr ^{journal ZAW xv (1895), 319}; Bev ^Dn) army, war, warfare;—absolute צ׳ Numbers 1:3 + (מִצָּבָה Zechariah 9:8 see p. 663 a); construct צְבָא Numbers 10:15 +; with suffix צְבָאִי Job 14:14; צְבָאֲךָ Judges 8:9; Judges 9:29; צְבָאָיו Psalms 103:21; Psalms 148:2 (Kt צבאו; so read probably in both), etc.; plural צְבָאוֹת Numbers 20:9 + 278 times; construct צִבְאוֹת Exodus 12:41 + 2 times; with suffix צִבְאֹתַי Exodus 7:4; צִבְאֹתָם Exodus 6:26 +, etc.;—

see further i, ii. צְבִי.

see צְבֹיִים.

n.[m.] litter;—absolute צ׳, in עֶגְלֹת צָב Numbers 7:3, probably litter-wagons, that is wagons covered, like palanquin; plural צַבִּים Isaiah 66:20 litters (on Vrss compare Dillmann ^Nu).

n.[m.] lizard, as unclean, Leviticus 11:29.

adjective swelling, swollen;—f. צָבָה Numbers 5:21 (as foregoing).

noun (masc.)^{II Samuel 1:19} beauty, honour;—absolute צ II Samuel 1:19 +, צֶ֑בִי Daniel 8:9; construct צְבִי Isaiah 13:19 +; plural construct צִבְאוֹת Jeremiah 3:19 (so Targum Ki Gesenius' Thesaurus Hitzig Gf Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 145 b Konig^{ii. 1, 584} al.; > from צבא Vulgate Gie al.);—

noun (masc.)^{Isaiah 13:14} gazelle;—צ׳ absolute Deuteronomy 12:15 +; plural צְבָיִם II Samuel 2:18, צְבָאיִם I Chronicles 12:9 (Gi Baer; van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:8), צְבָאוֹת Song of Songs 2:7; Song of Songs 3:5;—gazelle, allowed as food Deuteronomy 14:5, compare Deuteronomy 12:15, Deuteronomy 12:22 (although not for sacrif., Driver; all + אַיָּל), so Deuteronomy 15:22 (+ אַיָּל, יַחְמוּר, etc.), see I Kings 5:3; sim. of swiftness II Samuel 2:18; I Chronicles 12:9; see above, Proverbs 6:5; of grace and beauty Song of Songs 2:9, Song of Songs 2:17; Song of Songs 8:14 (compare Jacob^{Arabic Dichter iv. 20 f.}); hence used in adjuration Song of Songs 2:7; Song of Songs 3:5 (+ אילות); צ׳ מֻדָּח Isaiah 13:14, sim. of fugitives.

noun (fem.) the same;—תְּאוֹמֵי צ׳ Song of Songs 4:5 = Song of Songs 7:4.

n.pr.m. in Benjamin I Chronicles 8:9, Ιεβια, A Σεβια, SeptuagintL Σαβια.

n.pr.f. (= צְבִיָּה gazelle, compare Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 192 b);—mother of Jehoash of Judah II Kings 12:2, Αβια = II Chronicles 24:1, Αβια, SeptuagintL Σαβια.

n.pr.location near Sodom, Genesis 14:2, Genesis 14:8; Deuteronomy 29:22 = צְבֹיִם Genesis 10:19 = צְבֹאִים Hosea 11:8 Kt (צְבוֹיִם Qr); Σεβωειμ.

n.[m.] dye, dyed stuff;—construct צ׳ רִקְמָתַיִם Judges 5:30 (perhaps del. צ׳, compare GFM); plural שְׁלַל צְבָעִים booty of dyed stuffs v Judges 5:30^(×2).

adjective coloured, variegated (proposes pt. passive);—עַיִט צ׳ Jeremiah 12:9 a variegated bird of prey.

n.pr.m. a Horite (hyena; Robertson Smith^{K 219}; Gray^{Prop. N. 95} and reff.);—Genesis 36:2, Genesis 36:14, Genesis 36:20 (in these gloss according to Dillmann Holz), v Genesis 36:24^(×2), Genesis 36:29 I Chronicles 1:38, I Chronicles 1:40, Σεβεγων.

n.pr.location in Benj.;—גֵּי הצ׳ (perhaps valley of hyenas, so Gesenius' Thesaurus, compare Lagarde^{BN 36} Gray^l.c.);—I Samuel 13:18 (according to Buhl^{Geogr. 98} = Wady el-Kelt, between Jerus. and Jericho), Σαμειν, SeptuagintL Σαβαιν; compare צ׳ Nehemiah 11:34, A Σεβοειμ, SeptuagintL Σεβωειν.

noun (masc.) ^{Exodus 25:32} side;—צַד absolute Ezekiel 34:21; Isaiah 60:4, construct II Samuel 2:16 +; with suffix צִדָּהּ Genesis 6:16 +, etc.; for צִדָּה I Samuel 20:20 read צַ֫דָּה (or צִדֹּה; compare Driver, > צִ֫דָּה); plural צִדִּים Judges 2:3, read probably צִדֵּיכֶם as Numbers 33:55; Joshua 23:13; construct צִדֵּי Exodus 26:13, etc.;—side, of man II Samuel 2:16; Numbers 33:55; Joshua 23:13, Judges 2:3 (probably read context as Numbers 33:55 GFM; Delitzsch^{Pr 75} cp. Assyrian ṣaddu, snare, trap); of one lying Ezekiel 4:4, Ezekiel 4:6, Ezekiel 4:9, מִצִּדְּךָ אֶל־צִדֶּ֑ךָ v Ezekiel 4:8 turn from side to side; children carried עַל־צ׳ (that is probably on hip) Isaiah 60:4; Isaiah 66:12; of cattle Ezekiel 34:21 (in figuratively); of things I Samuel 20:20 (compare Driver), Genesis 6:16; Exodus 25:32^(×3) = Exodus 37:18^(×3), Exodus 26:13; Exodus 30:4 = Exodus 37:27 (all P); מִצַּד at the side of c. generally th. Deuteronomy 31:26, person I Samuel 20:25; Ruth 2:14, מִצִּדְּךָ Psalms 91:7; c. generally location Joshua 3:16; Joshua 12:9, מִצַּד הָהָר II Samuel 13:34; מִצַּד הָהָר מִזֶּה I Samuel 23:26 bis on this side of the hill and on that side; c. with suffix rei מִצִּדּוֹ I Samuel 6:8.

verb lie in wait (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, rare; compare (si vera l.) Biblical Aramaic צְדָא Daniel 3:14);—

noun (fem.) lying-in-wait;—(ב)צ׳ Numbers 35:20, Numbers 35:22 that is with malicious intent.

verb lay waste (Mishnaic Hebrew the same (rare), Aramaic צְדִי, ܨܕܳܐ, ܨܕܺܝ the same);—

noun (masc.) Isaiah 1:21 rightness, righteousness;—צ׳ Leviticus 19:36 + 87 times; צִדְקִי Isaiah 41:10 + 8 times, etc.;—

noun (fem.) righteousness;—absolute צ׳ Genesis 15:6 + 81 times; construct צִדְקַת Deuteronomy 33:21 + 5 times; with suffix צִדְקָתִי Genesis 30:33 +, etc.; plural צְדָקוֹת Isaiah 33:15 + 3 times; construct צִדְקוֹת Judges 5:11 +; with suffix צִדְקֹתֶיךָ Daniel 9:16, etc.;—

verb denom. be just, righteous;—

adjective just, righteous;—absolute צ׳ Genesis 6:9 +; plural צַדִּיקִים Exodus 23:8 +, etc.;—

and (I Kings 1:26) צָדֹק₅₄ n.pr.m. (just, righteous; compare Sab. n.pr. צדק CIS ^{iv, Noldeke. 287, 1. 2. 11. 15} etc., DHM^{Hof museum. Noldeke. 32});—Σαδωκ, Σαδδουκ (compare Lagarde^{BN 225 ff.}):—

-יָּה₇ n.pr.m. (י׳ is righteousness; compare Sab. צדקאל DHM^{ib., on Noldeke. 32});—Σεδεκια(ς):

verb gleam (Mishnaic Hebrew the same (of face, bronze, etc.); Arabic صَهِبَ be red);—

adjective gleaming, yellow (of hair);—שֵׂעָר צ׳ Leviticus 13:30, Leviticus 13:32, Leviticus 13:36 (opposite שׂ׳ שָׁחֹר v Leviticus 13:31, Leviticus 13:37).

n.[m.] only plural צָהֳרַ֫יִם midday, noon, Deuteronomy 28:29 +, צָהֳרָ֑יִם Genesis 43:16 + (when sun mounts its highest; on form as expanded plural (not dual) see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 88 c and reff.);—usually

noun (fem.) probably roof (compareArabic Assyrian TelAm. back; > Gesenius' Thesaurus Dillmann al. light, window);—צ׳ תַּעֲשֶׂה לַתֵּבָה Genesis 6:16.

see צוה.

noun (fem.) filth;—absolute צ׳ Isaiah 28:8 (of drunkards’ vomit, compare קִיא); צ׳ figuratively of iniquity, construct צֹאַת Isaiah 4:4, with suffix צֹאָתוֹ Proverbs 30:12; specif. of human excrement (= [צֵאָה]) with suffix צֹאָתָם II Kings 18:27 = Isaiah 36:12 (both Qr; Kt חר(א)יהם, compare [חֶרֶא] p. 351 above).

see I. צור.

n.pr.terr. Σουβα, rarely Σωβα(λ): an Aramaean kingdom, time of (Saul and) David אֲרַם צוֹבָא II Samuel 10:6, II Samuel 10:8 (elsewhere צוֹבָה), אֲרַם צוֹבָה Psalms 60:2 (title); הֲדַדְעֶזֶר מֶלֶךְ צ׳ II Samuel 8:3, II Samuel 8:5, II Samuel 8:12 = I Chronicles 18:3, I Chronicles 18:5; I Kings 11:23; I Chronicles 18:9; צ׳ also I Chronicles 19:6; חֲמַת צ׳ II Chronicles 8:3; orig. home of one of David’s heroes II Samuel 23:36 (perhaps read also for n.pr.m. מִבְחָר ‖ I Chronicles 11:38, compare Driver); מַלְכֵי צ׳ I Samuel 14:47 (only here in Saul’s time); Noldeke^{Aramaic, in Ency. Bib., compare ZMG xxv (1871), 113 ff.} places between Hamath and Damascus (about Ḥums, Emesa), and so Delitzsch^{Pa 279 f.}, who cp. Assyrian city Ṣubitu, compare Schr^COT. II Samuel 8:3.

verb hunt (Mishnaic Hebrew the same (rare), מְצוּדָה = Biblical Hebrew Assyrian ṣâdu, hunt, so Arabic (صيد), صَادَ, Aramaic צוּד, צִיד, ((ܨܘܕ) ܨܳܕ) Old Aramaic צידא hunting);—

noun (masc.) hunting, game;—absolute צ׳ Genesis 10:9 +, צָ֑יִד Genesis 27:3 (Qr; > Kt צידה), Nehemiah 13:15, construct צֵיד Genesis 27:25; with suffix צֵידִי v Genesis 27:19, etc.;—

n.[m.] provision, food;—absolute צָ֑יִד Nehemiah 13:15; with suffix צֵידוֹ Job 38:41, etc.;—provision taken on journey Joshua 9:14, לֶחֶם צֵידָם v Joshua 9:5 (both JE); more generally (late), food, food-supply, Nehemiah 13:15 Psalms 132:15, of raven Job 38:41.—i. צַיִד see צוד.

noun (fem.) the same;—absolute צ׳ Joshua 9:11 + 2 times; צֵדָה Genesis 42:25 + 5 times;—provision for journey, march, Genesis 42:25; Genesis 45:21 Exodus 12:39 (all E), Joshua 1:11, Joshua 9:11, Judges 7:8 (text doubtful compare GFM), Judges 20:10 I Samuel 22:10; supply of food Psalms 78:25.—Genesis 27:3 see i. צַיִד, sub צוד.

noun (masc.) sign-post, monument (Mishnaic Hebrew the same (צִיֵּין Pi. denom.); probably from √ in orig. physical sense, see especially Arabic صُوَّةٌ, صَوَّانٌ Syriac ܨܘܳܝܳܐ, compare Schulthess^{Hom. Wurz. 57} Konig^{ii. 1. 154}; > √ צין Buhl);—absolute צ׳, grave-stone II Kings 23:17; sign-post Ezekiel 39:15; guide-posts, plural צִיֻּנִים Jeremiah 31:21 (‖ תַּמְרוּרִים).

appar. n.[m.], doubtful word;—in הָלַךְ אַחֲרֵי־צָ֑ו Hosea 5:11 usually command, ordinance; < Septuagint Peshitta Che Now GASm שָׁוְא; elsewhere only צַו לָצָ֙ו צַו לָצָ֔ו (‖ קַו לָקָו קַו לָקָו), Isaiah 28:10 in mocking mimicry of Is.’s words, and, v Isaiah 28:13, of the unintelligible speech of י׳’s foreign agents of judgment; Gesenius Cheyne^Comm. al. (compare AV RV) render command upon command; Ewald Dillmann (carpenter’s) rule (+ קַו = line and rule), from √ צָוָה (whence צִיּוּן); Duhm Cheyne^Haupt. explain as mocking sounds without sense.

noun (fem.) outcry;—in distress, grief, absolute צ׳ Psalms 144:14; construct צִוְחַת Jeremiah 14:2; with suffix צִוְחָתֵךְ Jeremiah 46:12; absolute also Isaiah 24:11 (c. עַל for, because of).

verb abstain from food, fast (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic (صوم), صَامَ Ethiopic ጾመ: Aramaic צוּם, ܨܳܡ );—

noun (masc.) ^{Isaiah 58:5} fasting, fast;—צ׳ absolute II Samuel 12:16 +, construct Zechariah 8:19 (4 times); with suffix צֹמְכֶם Isaiah 58:3; plural צוֹמוֹת Esther 9:31;—fast, as direct object cogn. II Samuel 12:16; public observance I Kings 21:9, I Kings 21:12; II Chronicles 20:3; Ezra 8:21; Jeremiah 36:9; Jonah 3:5 (all obj. of קָרָא proclaim), compare Joel 1:14; Joel 2:15 (both obj. of קַדְּשׁוּ); יוֹם צוֹם Jeremiah 36:6, יוֹם צֹמְכֶם Isaiah 58:3, compare v Isaiah 58:5 (‖ יוֹם עַנּוֹת אָדָם נַפְשׁוֹ), v Isaiah 58:5, Isaiah 58:6; of periodic fasts Zechariah 8:19^(×4) Esther 9:31; act or state of fasting, נֶאֶסְפוּ בְצ׳ וּבְשַׂקִּים Nehemiah 9:1 compare Joel 2:12; Daniel 9:3; Esther 4:3; עִנֵּיתִי בַצּ׳ נַפְשִׁי Psalms 35:13 compare Psalms 69:11 (on וָאֶבְכֶּה see Cheyne Bae); causing physical weakness Psalms 109:24.

n.[m.]plural things formed, images; מַעֲשֵׂה צ׳ II Chronicles 3:10 image work (of cherubim).

verb flow, overflow, [float] (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; so Aramaic טוּף, ܛܳܦ;—Arabic طَوْفٌ skin-raft is loan-wd. Frä ²²⁰);—

noun (masc.) (honey-)comb (as exuding honey);—only figuratively: construct צוּף־דְּבַשׁ Proverbs 16:24; plural נֹפֶת צוּפִים Psalms 19:11 (+ דְּבַשׁ), Septuagint κηρίον, κηρία, Vulgate favus.

n.pr.m. Ephr. ancestor of Elḳanah and Samuel, בֶּן־צ׳ I Samuel 1:1 (ἐν Νασειβ, SeptuagintL υἱοῦ Σωφ), I Chronicles 6:20 Qr Septuagint Vulgate (Kt ציף); appar. = צוֹפַי v I Chronicles 6:11 (Levite), Σουφ(ει): hence probably אֶרֶץ צוּף I Samuel 9:5 (in Benj., τὴν (γὴν) Σ(ε)ιφ(α)).

adjectivegent. Ṣuphite;—so read probably for צוֹפִים I Samuel 1:1 (Wellhausen Klostermann Driver and most mod., after Septuagint Σ(ε)ιφα, A Σωφιμ).

noun (fem.) out-flow;—with suffix צָפָֽתְךָ Ezekiel 32:6 thine outflow (flowing blood), Co Bthl Toy Krae.

= ii. צוּף.

see צוּפִי.

noun (masc.) ^{Isaiah 28:1} 1. blossom, flower. 2. shining thing;—צ׳ absolute Isaiah 40:7 +, construct v Isaiah 40:6 +; plural צִצִּים I Kings 6:18 + 3 times 6 (on form v Konig^{ii. 1, 60});—

Isaiah 28:4, v i. צִיץ above

n.[m.] si vera l., constraint, distress;—וּבְצוֹק הָעִתִּים Daniel 9:25 usually in distressful times; Gratz וּבְקֵץ וגו׳ (so Septuagint [v Daniel 9:27] Peshitta), as beginning of v Daniel 9:26, omitting וְ in וְאחרי (compare Bev Marti).

noun (fem.) pressure, distress;—national Isaiah 8:22 (+ צָרָה), compare אֶרֶץ צָרָה וְצ׳ Isaiah 30:6; personal צָרָה וְצ׳ Proverbs 1:27.

verb pour out, melt (‖ יצק);—

noun (masc.) ^{Psalms 75:6} neck, back of neck;—absolute צ׳ Isaiah 8:8 +, construct צַוַּאר Jeremiah 28:10 + 3 times; with suffix צַוָּארִי Lamentations 1:14, צַוָּרָם Nehemiah 3:5, etc.; plural construct צַוְּארֵי Judges 8:21 +; with suffix צַוָּארָיו Genesis 27:16 +, צַוְּארֵיכֶם Jeremiah 27:12, †צַוְּארֹתֵיכֶם Micah 2:3;—

verb confine, bind, besiege (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, wrap (rare); Aramaic צוּר besiege, beleaguer);—

verb shew hostility to, treat as foe (with a direct object person) (akin to II. צרר, to which Siegfried-Stade assign the forms, but compare Arabic ضَارَ (ى) act unjustly, also defraud; Syriac ܥܝܳܪܬܳܐ, rival wife);—

verb fashion, delineate (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; so Aramaic צוּר, ܨܘܪ, ܨܳܪ; ܨܽܘܪܬܳܐ picture, Sab. צור, plural צורת Hom^{Chrest. 125} Mordtm^{Him. Inschr. 14, 15}; Arabic صُورَةٌ is loan-word according to Fra²⁷²);—

noun (masc.) image;—plural צִירִים Isaiah 45:16 = idols; singular with suffix צירם Psalms 49:15 Kt their form (see צוּרָה).

noun (masc.) ^{Job 29:6} rock, cliff;—צ׳ absolute Exodus 17:6 +, construct Deuteronomy 8:15 +; with suffix צוּרִי II Samuel 22:3, etc.; plural צֻרִים Numbers 23:9 +, צוּרוֹת Job 28:10; construct צוּרֵי I Samuel 24:3 (Gi v I Samuel 24:2);—

n.pr.m. Σουρ (Rock);—

n.pr.m. (my rock is Ēl);—a Levite Numbers 3:35, Σουριηλ.

Tyre see צֹר.

see צַוָּאר.

see צחה.

adjective intens. parched (compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 84 b c);—construct צִחֵה צָמָא Isaiah 5:13 parched with thirst.

adjective dazzling, glowing, clear;—חֹם צַת Isaiah 18:4 glowing heat; רוּחַ צַח Jeremiah 4:11 glowing wind; דּוֹדִי צַח וְאָדוֹם Song of Songs 5:10 my beloved is dazzling (white) and ruddy (compare Lamentations 4:7); fpl. לְדַבֵּר צַחוֹת Isaiah 32:4 to speak clear (words), clearly.

n.[m.] shining, glaring, surface construct צְחִיחַ סֶלַע that is a smooth, bare, rock Ezekiel 24:7, Ezekiel 24:8; Ezekiel 26:4, Ezekiel 26:14; plural בַּצְּחִיחִים Nehemiah 4:7 Qr (Kt בַּצְּחִחִיִים), in glaring, bare places (?).

noun (fem.) scorched land;—צ׳ Psalms 68:7.

verb laugh (Arabic ضَحِكَ, laugh, Syriac ܓܚܶܟ, compare Barth^{ES 34}; see also שׂחק);—

n.[m.] laughter;—צְחֹק עָשָׂה לִי א׳ Genesis 21:6 laughter hath God caused for me; =laughing-stock, תִּהְיֶה לְצ׳ וּלְלַעַג Ezekiel 23:32 (del. Septuagint (Vaticanus) Hitzig Co Berthol Siegf Krae; not Toy).

n.[m.] reddish-gray, tawny;—צֶמֶר צָ֑חַר Ezekiel 27:18 wool of reddish-gray, tawny wool, or (Hitzig-Smend Krae), of land Ṣachar (si vera l.; Co del. צחר as dittogr.).

noun (masc.) ^{Isaiah 33:21} ship (loan-word from Egyptian t’aī, according to Bondi ⁶⁶, compare Erman^{ZMG xlvi (1892), 123} DHM^{VOJ viii. 7, 165});—absolute צִי אַדִּיר Isaiah 33:21 a majestic ship; plural צִים Numbers 24:24, Ezekiel 30:9 (בַּצּ׳; but Septuagint σπεύδοντες, compare Peshitta, whence Co Berthol אָצִים).

noun (masc.) ^{Jeremiah 50:39} a wild beast, proposes either desert-dweller (denom. from צִיָּה, so most), or crier, yelper (√* צוה = ضوى [yelp, Dozy], Barth^{NB 188}, compare Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 146 g, note);—in any case a specif. animal, but not certainly identif.; Bo^{Hieroz. i, lib. 3, § 14}, cp. Arabic ضَيْوَنٌ wild cat;—plural צִיִּים Isaiah 13:21 (f. אִיִּים v Isaiah 13:22), Isaiah 23:13; Isaiah 34:14 (+ אִיִּים), Jeremiah 50:39 (the same; all betokening desolation); לְעַם לְצ׳ Psalms 74:14 (read לְעַם צ׳ Hup-Nowack Bae); appar. of people Psalms 72:9, but probably corrupt, Olshausen conjunction צָרִים (‖ אֹיְבָיו), and so most moderns.

and (II Samuel 16:4) צִבָא₁₆ n.pr.m. Σ(ε)ιβα: servant of Saul’s house, II Samuel 9:2^(×2) + 14 times II Samuel 9:9, II Samuel 9:10, II Samuel 9:11.

and (Genesis 10:15, Genesis 10:19; Genesis 49:3) צִידֹן n.pr.location Sîdôn, Σιδων, ancient Phoenician city, on coast N. of Tyre (in Assyrian Ṣidun(n)u, COT^Gloss; TelAm. Ṣiduna, Phoenician צדן, Old Aramaic צידן; in Egyptian Dï-(d)u-na, WMM^{As. u. Kur. 184});—‘first-born’ of Canaan Genesis 10:15 = I Chronicles 1:13; northern limit of Canaanite Genesis 10:19, compare Genesis 49:13; defined as צ׳ רַבָּה Joshua 11:8 (so Joshua 19:28 below); also Judges 1:31; Judges 10:6 (אֱלֹהֵי צ׳), Judges 18:28; I Kings 17:9; named with Tyre Joshua 19:28 (compare v Joshua 19:29), II Samuel 24:6 (compare v II Samuel 24:7), Isaiah 23:2, Isaiah 23:4 and בְּתוּלַת בַּת־צ׳ v Isaiah 23:12 (compare v Isaiah 23:5, etc.), Jeremiah 25:22; Jeremiah 27:3; Jeremiah 47:4; Ezekiel 27:8; Ezekiel 28:21, Ezekiel 28:22 (compare v Ezekiel 28:2, Ezekiel 28:12), Zechariah 9:2; Joel 4:4.—Vid. Pietsch^{Phöniz. 54 ff.} Prutz^{Aus Phönicien (1876). 98 ff.} Rob^{BR ii. 478 ff.} de Luynes^{Voyage à la Mer Morte i. 18 ff., and Pl. vi–xi}. Bd^{Pal. 3 (1898), 313 ff.}.

adjectivegent. of foregoing;—צ׳ Judges 3:3; Ezekiel 32:30; elsewhere plural צִידֹנִים Deuteronomy 3:9 +, צִידוֹנִים Judges 10:12, צִדֹנִים Judges 18:7 + 3 times; fpl. צֵדְנִיֹּת I Kings 11:1;—as noun = Sidonians, coll. c. art. Ezekiel 32:30; Judges 3:3; in earlier literally appar. = Phoenicians Deuteronomy 3:9; Joshua 13:4, Joshua 13:6; Judges 3:3; Judges 10:12; Judges 18:7^(×2) I Kings 5:20 (= Tyre v I Kings 5:15), I Kings 16:31 (if, [Jos^{Ant. viii, 13:1}] Ethb. was king of Tyre also), Ezekiel 32:30; also עַשְׁתֹּרֶת אֱלֹהֵי צ׳ I Kings 11:5, I Kings 11:33, compare II Kings 23:13; named with Tyrians I Chronicles 22:4 Ezra 3:7.

noun (fem.) dryness, drought;—absolute צ׳ Hosea 2:5 +; plural צִיּוֹת Psalms 105:41;—drought Job 24:19 (‖ חֹם); elsewhere of land (often ‖ מִדְבָּר, עֲרָבָה, etc.): אֶרֶץ צ׳ land of drought, desert Hosea 2:5 (sim.), Jeremiah 2:6; Jeremiah 50:12 (figuratively), Jeremiah 51:43; Isaiah 41:18; Isaiah 53:2 (in sim.), Psalms 107:35; + צָמָא Ezekiel 19:13 (figuratively), + שְׁמָמָה Joel 2:20, + עָיֵף Psalms 63:2 (figuratively); צ׳ = desert Isaiah 35:1; Zephaniah 2:13; Job 30:3 Psalms 78:17; plural Psalms 105:41.

n.pr.location Σ(ε)ιων; Ṣîyyôn, Zion (Syriac ܨܶܗܝܘܿܢ, older form, according to Lagarde^{BN 84, compare 198});—צ׳ II Samuel 5:7 +; צִיּו֫נָה Jeremiah 4:6;—stronghold (of Jebusites), מְצֻדַת צ׳ captured by David, and made his residence II Samuel 5:7 = I Chronicles 11:5 (both + הִיא עִיר דָּוִד), on S. part of E. hill of Jerusalem, distinct from site of temple I Kings 8:1 = II Chronicles 5:2 (both מֵעִיר ד׳ הִיא צ׳), not elsewhere in narrative, but often in poets and proph.: as name of Jerus., from political point of view (sometimes = inhabitants), Amos 6:7 (‖ הַר־שֹׁמְרוֹן), ‖ יְרוּשָׁלַםִ Micah 3:10, Micah 3:12 = Jeremiah 26:18; Isaiah 4:3; Isaiah 30:19; Isaiah 40:9; Isaiah 41:27; Isaiah 52:1; Isaiah 62:1; Isaiah 64:9 Zephaniah 3:16; Zechariah 1:14, Zechariah 1:17 Psalms 51:20 and (בַּת־צ׳) Isaiah 52:2; Micah 4:8 (‖ בַּת־יְרוּשׁ׳), Lamentations 2:13 (‖ the same), also (יוֹשֶׁבֶת צ׳) Jeremiah 51:35; = Jerus. also Isaiah 14:32; Isaiah 33:5 +, so especially in phr. בְּנוֹת צ׳ Isaiah 3:16, Isaiah 3:17; Isaiah 4:4; Song of Songs 3:11, בְּנֵי צ׳ Lamentations 4:2; Joel 2:23 Psalms 149:2 (‖ יִשְׂרָאֵל), compare Zechariah 9:13, יָֽלְדָה צ׳ אֶת־בָּנֶיהָ Isaiah 66:8, and even הַר־צ׳ II Kings 19:31 = Isaiah 37:32 (both ‖ יְרוּשׁ׳), Isaiah 29:8 (‖ אֲרִיאֵל v Isaiah 29:7), Obadiah 1:17, Obadiah 1:21 Psalms 48:12 (‖ בְּנוֹת יֶהוֹדָה), Psalms 125:1; so also הַר־בַּת צ׳ Isaiah 16:1 and Isaiah 10:32 Qr (Kt בית: ‖ גִּבְעַת־יְרוּשׁ׳); compare מְרוֹם־צ׳ Jeremiah 31:12; in following הַר־צ׳ might refer to temple-hill Isaiah 10:12 (+ יְרוּשׁ׳), Isaiah 31:4 (+ גִּבְעָתָהּ = יְרוּשׁ׳ v Isaiah 31:5), Lamentations 5:18; Joel 3:5 (+ יְרוּשׁ׳); specif. of Jerus. as abode of י׳ and place of his worship Amos 1:2; Isaiah 31:9; Zechariah 8:3; Micah 4:2 = Isaiah 2:3; Joel 4:16 Psalms 102:22; Psalms 135:21; Psalms 147:12 (all ‖ יְרוּשׁ׳), Psalms 76:3 (‖ שָׁלֵם); partic. of sanctuary Psalms 20:3 (‖ קֹדֶשׁ), Psalms 14:7 = Psalms 53:7 +; of Jerus. הַר־צ׳ Psalms 48:3 (‖ קִרְיַת מֶלֶךְ רָ֑ב), Psalms 78:68 (‖ שֵׁבֶט יְהוּדָה), Isaiah 24:23 (‖ יְרוּשׁ׳), etc.; הַרֲרֵי צ׳ in same sense †Psalms 133:3; particularly of sanctuary Isaiah 4:5 and (‖ הַר־קָדְשִׁי) Joel 2:1; Joel 4:17; צ׳ הַר־קָדְשִׁי Psalms 2:6 is seat of king.—Vid. also בַּת־צ׳, הַר־צ׳, ישֶׁבֶת צ׳, sub בַּת, הַר, יָשַׁב.

see צוה.

n.pr.m. an overseer of Nethinim Nehemiah 11:21, who are called בְּנֵי צִיחָא Ezra 2:43 = בְּנֵי צִחָא Nehemiah 7:45; Σηα, Σιααυ, Σιαλ, Σουλαι, etc.

see I. [צוּץ].

n.[m.] meaning dubious; only in תְּנוּ־צִיץ לְמוֹאָב Jeremiah 48:9 usually (after AW Ra Ki al.) wings (coll.) (compare Aramaic צִיץ wing, fin, Gesenius' Thesaurus Gf al.);* compare Perles^{Anal. 46}, who reads נוֹצִיץ (wing-) feathers (as in Aramaic); Septuagint σημεια, whence Gie sing-post, reading צִיּוּן,—or נֵס,—(indicating flight).

n.pr.location in מַעֲלֵה הַצּ׳ II Chronicles 20:16; ה perhaps radical, compare Wady Ḥaṣâṣâ, and plateau Ḥaṣâṣâ, N. of Engedi, Buhl^{Geogr. 97}; Septuagint Ασαε, SeptuagintL τῆς ἐξοχῆς Ασισα.

noun (fem.) tassel, lock (√ doubtful; Mishnaic Hebrew the same, so Targum צִיצִיתָא, Syriac ܨܽܘܨܺܝܬܳܐ; compare Arabic نَاصِيَةٌ hair on forehead);—צ׳ absolute Numbers 15:38, Numbers 15:39 tassel on flowing ends (כַּנְפֵי) of garments, construct צ׳ הַכָּנָף v Numbers 15:38 (see Kennedy^{Hast. DB ii. 69, fringes}); צ׳ רֹאשִׁי Ezekiel 8:3 lock of hair on forehead.

noun (masc.) ^{Proverbs 25:13} envoy, messenger;—צ׳ absolute Jeremiah 49:14 +, construct Proverbs 13:17; plural צִירִים Isaiah 18:2; with suffix צִרַיִךְ Isaiah 57:9;—envoy, from Cush Isaiah 18:2, from apostate Isr. Isaiah 57:9; from י׳ Jeremiah 49:14 = Obadiah 1:1; messenger in generally צִיר אֱמוּנִים Proverbs 13:17, צ׳ נֶאֱמָן Proverbs 25:13.—i. צִיר see IV. צור.

n.[m.] pivot (of door), hinge;—with suffix הַדֶּלֶת תִּסּוֹב עַל־צִירָהּ Proverbs 26:14 (in ‖ of sluggard).

n.[m.] pang (proposes writhing);—plural צִירִים Isaiah 13:8; Isaiah 21:3; construct צִירֵי Isaiah 21:3; with suffix צִירַי Daniel 10:16, צִרֶיהָ I Samuel 4:19;—pangs of childbirth I Samuel 4:19, so (sim.) Isaiah 21:3; and, of terror, Isaiah 13:8 (+ חֲבָלִים), Isaiah 21:3; in generally, of physical effects of mental distress Daniel 10:16.

see III. צלל.

adjective et noun (masc.) roasted, roast;—construct (as adjective) צְלִי־אֵשׁ of flesh (בָּשָׂר) Exodus 12:8, Exodus 12:9 (opposite מְבֻשָּׁל בַּמָּ֑יִם); absolute as noun cogn. Isaiah 44:16 see [צָלָה].

verb rush;—(Gesenius' Thesaurus al. cp. Targum צְלַח, Syriac ܨܠܰܚ, cleave, penetrate, then advance, see following);—

verb advance, prosper (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Phoenician Pi. causat. in n.pr.; Arabic صَلَحَ be in good condition, compare Sab. הצלח Sab Denkm ⁹³; Aramaic צְלַח, ܨܠܰܚ prosper);—

noun (fem.) jar;—צ׳ חֲדָשָׁה II Kings 2:20.

see צלה.

verb tingle, quiver (Mishnaic Hebrew צִלְצֵל whirr; Arabic صَلَّ, صَلْصَلَ; Targum צְלַל; Syriac ܨܰܠ );—

n.[m.] whirring, buzzing;—construct אֶרֶץ צִלְצַל כְּנָפָ֑יִם Isaiah 18:1 land of buzzing of (insects’) wings (so probably; other views see in Dillmann).

n.[m.] spear (from whizzing);—construct צִלְצַל דָּגִים Job 40:31 fish-spear, harpoon.

noun (masc.) a whirring locust (compare Assyrian ṣarṣaru, Arabic صَرْصَرٌ, Syriac ܨܺܝܨܪܳܐ, ܨܰܪܨܽܘܪܳܐ; Lagarde^{Gesenius Abh. 145, N. 9});—Deuteronomy 28:42 (devouring; not identif.; Tr^{NHB 313}).

verb sink, be submerged (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Assyrian ṣalâlu, sink down, sink to rest, ii. launch (Haupt^{Prol. Assyrian Gratz. liii; BAS i. 127; Ball, Gen. 53}); Ethiopic ጸለለ float, compare Nestle^{Mar. x}: Aramaic צְלַל, ܨܰܠ, are filter, clarify);—

verb be or grow dark (compare Arabic ظَلَّ be black, ظِلٌّ shade; Ethiopic ጸlለለ be dark; Assyrian ṣillu, shade, ṣalâlu, Pi. roof over, so Sab. טֿלל [ii.], טלת ceiling, roof, Hom^{Chrest. 125}, compare Palmyrene תטלילא; Old Aramaic טלל overshadow, Aramaic טְלָלָא, ܛܶܠܳܠܴܐ shadow);—

noun (masc.) ^{Psalms 144:4} shadow;—צ׳ absolute II Kings 20:9 +, construct Genesis 19:8 +; with suffix צִלְּךָ Psalms 121:5, צִלּוֹ Ezekiel 31:6 +, also צִלְלוֹ Job 40:22, etc.; plural צְלָלִים Song of Songs 2:17; Song of Songs 4:6; construct צִלְלֵי Jeremiah 6:4;—

n.pr.f. wife of Lam. Genesis 4:19, Genesis 4:22, Genesis 4:23, Σελλα.

n.[m.] death-shadow, deep shadow, poet. (probably = צֵל + מָוֶת, Septuagint (usually) σκιὰ θανάτου, compare Peshitta Vulgate, so Gesenius' Thesaurus Schwally^{Leben n. d. Tode, 194}, see especially Noldeke^{journal ZAW xvii (1897), 183 ff.}; Ewald Br and most mod. (after older comm.) read צַלְמוּת darkness, deep darkness, cp. Arabic ظَلَمَ iv, Assyrian [ṣalâmu], Ethiopic ጸልመ be black, dark);—death-shadow, compare ظُلْمَةٌ 6, often ‖ חֹשֶׁךְ, לַיְלָה, etc., and opposite בֹּקֶר, אוֹר.

Kt, צְלִיל Qr noun (masc.) cake, round loaf;—צ׳ לֶחֶם שְׂעֹרִים Judges 7:13 (compare GFM).

noun (masc.) ^{Ezekiel 16:17} image (something cut out, compare פֶּסֶל; Noldeke ‘Schnitzbild’);—צ׳ absolute Psalms 39:7, construct Genesis 1:27 +; with suffix צַלְמוֹ v Genesis 1:27; Genesis 5:3, צַלְמֵנוּ Genesis 1:26, צַלְמָם Psalms 73:20; plural construct צַלְמֵי I Samuel 6:5^(×2) +, with suffix צְלָמָיו II Kings 11:18; II Chronicles 23:17, צַלְמֵיכֶם Amos 5:26;—

n.pr.m. a hero of David II Samuel 23:28 (= עִילַי I Chronicles 11:29), (Σ)ελλω, SeptuagintL Ελιμαν.

see III. צלל.

n.pr.m. a king of Midian, + זֶבַח, Judges 8:5 + 10 times Judges 8, Psalms 83:12, Σελμανα, Σαλμ.

noun (fem.)(m. I Kings 6:34, and appar. Exodus 26:26) rib, side;—absolute צ׳ Genesis 2:22 +, construct צֶ֫לַע Exodus 26:26 +, also צֵ֫לַע II Samuel 16:13; with suffix צַלְעוֹ Exodus 25:12 +; plural צְלָעִים I Kings 6:34, צְלָעוֹת v I Kings 6:3 +; construct צַלְעֹת Ezekiel 41:26 +; with suffix צַלְעֹתָיו Genesis 2:21 +;—

verb limp (Arabic ظَلَعَ, Aramaic טלע Aph.);—

n.pr.m. (Mishnaic Hebrew caper-plant );—father of a wall-builder Nehemiah 3:30, Σελε(φ), etc.

n.pr.m. of Manasseh, Numbers 26:33^(×2); Numbers 27:1, Numbers 27:7; Numbers 36:2, Numbers 36:6, Numbers 36:10, Numbers 36:11 Joshua 17:3 I Chronicles 7:15^(×2), Σαλπααδ, etc.

see I. צלל.

n.pr.m. Ammonite hero of David II Samuel 23:37 = I Chronicles 11:39, Ελειε, Σελ(λ)η(κ), Σαλααδ, etc.

verb be thirsty (Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew (rare); so Arabic ظَمِىَٔ, Ethiopic ጸምአ Assyrian ṣûmu, thirst, etc.);—

n.[m.] thirst;—absolute צ׳ Exodus 17:3 +, with suffix צְמָאִי Psalms 69:22, etc.;—Exodus 17:3, Judges 15:18; Hosea 2:5; Amos 8:13; Lamentations 4:4; Nehemiah 9:20 Psalms 69:22; ‖ רָעָב Isaiah 5:13 (van d. H. צָמָה), Deuteronomy 28:48; Nehemiah 9:15; II Chronicles 32:11; of wild asses Psalms 104:11, of fish וְתָמֹת בַּצּ׳ Isaiah 50:2, but read perhaps (or בַּצְּמֵאָה) וּבְהֶמְתָּם בַּצָּמֵא Gunk^{Schöpf. 98} Cheyne^Haupt. Marti (compare Isaiah 44:3 sub following); figuratively of grief of exile Isaiah 41:17, compare אֶרֶץ צִיָּה וְצָמָא Ezekiel 19:13; c. ל, thirst for water Amos 8:11.—בַּצּ׳ Jeremiah 48:18 is probably corrupt; read perhaps לַאַרֶץ (Gie), or בֶּעָפָר.

adjective thirsty;—absolute צ׳ Isaiah 21:14 +; fs. צְמֵאָה Deuteronomy 29:18; plural צְמֵאִים Psalms 107:5;—thirsty, usually + (or ‖) רָעֵב: II Samuel 17:29; Proverbs 25:21 Psalms 107:5, as noun thirsty one Isaiah 29:8; Isaiah 32:6; so also Isaiah 21:14, and (figuratively of thirst for י׳’s favour) Isaiah 55:1; צָמֵא Isaiah 44:3 = thirsty place (Gunk^l.c. proposes צְמֵאָה); הָרָוָה אֶת־הַצְּמֵאָה Deuteronomy 29:18 the watered (plant, herbage) with the thirsty, figuratively of entire people.

noun (masc.) ^{I Kings 19:19} couple, pair;—צ׳ construct Judges 19:3 +; with suffix צִמְדּוֹ Jeremiah 51:23; plural צְמָדִים I Kings 19:19; II Kings 9:25 (but see below); construct צִמְדֵּי Isaiah 5:10 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 93 m);—

noun (masc.) ^{Genesis 24:22} bracelet (bound on wrist);—absolute צ׳ Numbers 31:50; plural צְמִידִים Genesis 24:22 +,—bracelet Genesis 24:22, Genesis 24:30, Genesis 24:47, Numbers 31:50; in figuratively Ezekiel 16:11; Ezekiel 23:42.

n.[m.] cover, of vessel, Numbers 19:15.

verb sprout, spring up (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, so Targum צְמַח; Syriac ܨܡܰܚ spring or shine forth, ܨܶܡܚܳܐ shining, also sprout; Phoenician צמח posterity);—

noun (masc.) ^{Jeremiah 23:5} sprout, growth;—absolute צ׳ Hosea 8:7 +, צֶ֑מַח Zechariah 3:8; construct צֶ֫מַח Genesis 19:25 +; with suffix צִמְחָהּ Ezekiel 17:9 +;—

see צמם.

noun (masc.) doubtful word, usually snare, trap (from ‖ פַּח Job 18:9);—וְשָׁאַף צ׳ חֵילָם Job 5:5 and a snare snappeth at their wealth (so Budde Bev^{JPhil. xxvi, 304 f.}; Vrss Dillmann Duhm and most mod. צְמֵאִים, or צָמֵא, the thirsty, sometimes with change of וְשָׁאַף); Job 18:9 (‖ פַּח; Cheyne^{JQ ix (1897), 578} צִירִים pangs, compare Isaiah 13:8).

noun (masc.) Ezekiel 44:17 wool;—absolute צ׳ Isaiah 1:18, צָ֑מֶר Leviticus 13:48; construct צֶ֫מֶר Ezekiel 27:18 (see below); with suffix צַמְרִי Hosea 2:7, Hosea 2:11;—wool (usually c. פִּשְׁתִּי(ם) flax, linen): in natural state גִּזַּת הַצּ׳ Judges 6:37, אֵילִים צ׳ II Kings 3:4 (but construct difficult, and צ׳ perhaps gloss); Hosea 2:7, Hosea 2:11 (as gift of value); white Isaiah 1:18 (sim.; ‖ שֶׁלֶג), sim. of snow Psalms 147:16 (from white flakes); white (?) wool as merchandise Ezekiel 27:18 (צ׳ צָ֑חַר, but on text see צַּ֫חַר), Proverbs 31:13; prey of moth Isaiah 51:8 (sim.); made up into garments Deuteronomy 22:11, בֶּגֶד צ׳ Leviticus 13:47, Leviticus 13:59 compare v Leviticus 13:48, Leviticus 13:52; בֶּגֶד om. Ezekiel 34:3; Ezekiel 44:17.

noun (fem.) tree-top (poss. from woolly, feathery, appearance);—צ׳ construct, of cedar (in figuratively) Ezekiel 17:3, Ezekiel 17:22, so with suffix צַמַּרְתּוֹ Ezekiel 31:3, Ezekiel 31:10; of tall trees in generally, צַמַּרְתָּם v Ezekiel 31:14.

n.pr.location Σ(ε)ιν; name of wilderness S. of Canaan, where lay Kadesh Barnea, c. ה location צִ֫נָה Numbers 34:4 (where Lagarde^{BN 47} חצן), Joshua 15:3 (van d. H. צִ֫נָּה in Jos); elsewhere מִדְבַּר־צִן Numbers 13:21; Numbers 20:1; Numbers 27:14^(×2); Numbers 33:36; Numbers 34:3 Deuteronomy 32:51; Joshua 15:1 (all P).

i, ii, iii. צִנָּה, see I, II, III. צנן.

[צֹנֶא] [noun (masc.)] flocks (‖ form of צֹאן q.see);—absolute צֹנֶה Psalms 8:8; with suffix צֹנַאֲכֶם Numbers 32:24.

noun (fem.) appar. hook, or barb (of fishing-spear?);—plural צִנּוֹת Amos 4:2 (‖ סִירוֹת דּוּגָה).

noun (fem.) coolness;—construct צִנַּת־שֶׁלֶג Proverbs 25:13 coolness of snow (צינת רוח צפון Ecclus Ben Sira 43:20).

noun (fem.) large shield (covering whole body);—absolute צ׳ I Samuel 17:7 +; plural צִנּוֹת II Chronicles 11:12;—shield, larger than מָגֵן I Kings 10:16^(×2) (compare v I Kings 10:17) = II Chronicles 9:15^(×2); נֹשֵׂא (הַ)צִנָּה I Samuel 17:7, I Samuel 17:41 (הָאִישׁ נ׳ הַצּ׳), II Chronicles 14:7, נֹשְׂאֵי צ׳ I Chronicles 12:25 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:24); עִרְכוּ מָגֵן וְצִנָּה Jeremiah 46:3, compare עֹרְכֵי צ׳ I Chronicles 12:9 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:8); אֹחֵז רֹמַח וְצ׳ II Chronicles 25:5; הַחֲזֵק מָגֵן וְצ׳ Psalms 35:2; הֵקִים עָלַיִךְ צ׳ Ezekiel 26:8; + מָגֵן also Ezekiel 23:24; Ezekiel 38:4; Ezekiel 39:9; צ׳ I Chronicles 12:35 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:34) II Chronicles 11:12; sim. of י׳’s favour Psalms 5:13; figuratively of י׳’s faithfulness Psalms 91:4.

noun (fem.) jar, or like receptacle (so Vrss and context; perhaps from above √; > basket = Targum Talm. צִנָּא);—Exodus 16:33.

see צַאֲנָן.

noun (masc.) ^{Zechariah 3:5} turban;—absolute צ׳ Zechariah 3:5^(×2) (for h. priest) and (figuratively of righteousness) Job 29:14; construct צְנִיף מְלוּכָה Isaiah 62:3 Qr royal turban (Kt צנוף); plural הַצְּנִיפוֹת Isaiah 3:23 (of women’s turbans).

noun (fem.) winding;—Isaiah 22:18, see [צנף].

noun (masc.)plural construct pipes feeding lamps with oil Zechariah 4:12 (in vision) (formation by inserting ת according to Böttcher's Hebrew Grammar § 300 b Konig^{ii 1, 201}).

verb step, march (Mishnaic Hebrew the same (rare); Arabic صَعِدَ ascend);—

noun (masc.)^{II Samuel 6:13} step, pace;—absolute צָ֑עַד Proverbs 30:29; with suffix צַעֲדוֹ Jeremiah 10:3; Proverbs 16:9, etc.; plural construct צַעֲדֵי Job 18:7; with suffix צְעָדַי Job 31:4, etc.;—

noun (fem.) marching;—קוֹל צ׳ II Samuel 5:24 the sound of marching = I Chronicles 14:15.

noun (fem.) armlet, band clasping upper arm (so Siegfried-Stade al.; most step-chain, from I. צעד);—plural הַצְּעָדוֹת Isaiah 3:20 (ladies’ finery); read הַצּ׳ also II Kings 11:12 (for Masoretic Text הָעֵדוּת) Wellhausen^{Bl. Einl. 4, 258 = Comp. (2), 361} Kmp Siegfried-Stade Kittel Benz.

verb stoop, bend, incline (Arabic صَغَا (و, ى) incline, lean, compare also صَغِىَ );—

n.pr.location Τανις: Tanis, in Egypt (Egyptian D̲aʿnĕ(t) Steind^{BAS 600}, in Assyrian Ṣiʾinu, Saʾanu Ib^{the same 598 ff.} Delitzsch^{Pa 315}); it was built 7 years after Hebron according to Numbers 13:22; Isaiah 19:11, Isaiah 19:13; Isaiah 30:4; Ezekiel 30:14 Psalms 78:12, Psalms 78:43; mod. Ṣân, in NW. part of Delta; see also Eb^{GS 512 ff.} Bd.^{Lower Egyptian 3 (1895), 228} Petrie^{Tanis (1885)}.

n.pr.location only c. בְּ, pointed as preposition, and so most (but ב perhaps radical, see GFM); on border of Naphtali, near Ḳedesh;—בְּצ׳ Joshua 19:33 (Βεσεμεειν, Σεενανειμ, etc.) + Judges 4:11 Qr (Kt בצענים), Septuagint πλεονεκτούντων (√ בָּצַע), ἀναπαυομένων.

see צוע.

verb cry, cry out, call (‖זָעַק; Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic صَعَقَ, perhaps orig. sound as thunder, compare صَاعِقَةٌ thunderbolt, صَعِقَ bellow (of bull));—

noun (fem.) cry, outcry (older form of זְעָקָה);—absolute צ׳ Genesis 27:34 +; construct צַעֲקַת Exodus 3:9 +; with suffix צַעֲקָתוֹ I Samuel 9:16 +, etc.;—

n.pr.location Zoar (understood as insignificance, compare Genesis 19:20);—Σηγωρ, SeptuagintL Σιγωρ, but Genesis 13:10 Jeremiah 48:34 Ζογορ(α); on Septuagint compare furhter Lagarde^{BN 54 f.}: city at SE. end of Dead Sea, צֹעַר Genesis 13:10; Genesis 14:2, Genesis 14:8 (both = בֶּלַע), Deuteronomy 34:3; Isaiah 15:5; Jeremiah 48:34; צוֹעַר Genesis 19:22, Genesis 19:30^(×2); c. ה location, צֹ֫עֲרָה v Genesis 19:23 + Jeremiah 48:4 (for Masoretic Text צעוריה), Septuagint Ζογορα, JDMich Ewald Gf Gie al.—compare Buhl^{Geogr. 271. 274} GASm^{Geogr. 506 f. 678 (App.)}.

adjective little, insignificant, young;—absolute צָעִיר Genesis 25:23 +; f. צְעִירָה Genesis 19:31 +; צְעִרָה I Samuel 9:21; mpl. צְעִירִים Job 30:1; with suffix צְעִירֶיהָ Jeremiah 48:4 Qr (Kt צעוריה; but see צֹעַר); צְעִירֵיהֶם Jeremiah 14:3 (Kt צעוריהם), etc.;—

n.pr.location probably on border of Edom, צָעִ֫ירָה II Kings 8:21, εἰς Σειωρ (SeptuagintL ἐκ Σιωρ).

n.pr.m. Σωγαρ, in Issachar (little one);—always in נְתַנְאֵל בֶּן־צ׳ Numbers 1:8; Numbers 2:5; Numbers 7:18, Numbers 7:23; Numbers 10:15.

verb draw together, contract (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, trans.; Arabic صَفَدَ bind fast, shackle, compare Noldeke^{Marti's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 46} who cp. Mand. סאפטים fetters);—

Ezekiel 32:6 see צוף.

verb look out or about, spy, keep watch (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Pi. hope; Ethiopic ሰፈወ: iii. 2 hope);—

n.pr.m. Σωφαρ: in Edom (? gaze, gazing);—צְפוֹ Genesis 36:11, Genesis 36:15 + v Genesis 36:43 (ins. probably after עירם; compare Lagarde^{Sept. Stud. ii. 10, 1, 178; 37, 1, 270} Nestle^{Mar. 12}) = צְפִי I Chronicles 1:36.

n.pr.m. Σαφων: son of Gad (? gaze);—Genesis 46:16, = צְפוֹן Numbers 26:15 (see בַּעַל צ׳).

verb lay out, lay over (Mishnaic Hebrew Pi. = Biblical Hebrew);—

n.[m.] metal plating;—of idols Isaiah 30:22, capitals Exodus 38:17, Exodus 38:19, altar Numbers 17:3, Numbers 17:4.

noun (fem.) jar, jug, of flat or broad shape;—absolute צַפּ֑חַתּ I Kings 17:12; construct צַפַּחַת I Samuel 26:11 +;—jar or jug for water I Samuel 26:11, I Samuel 26:12, I Samuel 26:16; I Kings 19:6; for oil I Kings 17:12, I Kings 17:14, I Kings 17:16 (on masculine verb חָסֵר see Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 317 c, but probably read חָסֵ֑רָה Siegfried-Stade Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 89}, compare v I Kings 17:14).

n.pr.m. in Asher, I Chronicles 7:35, צוֹפָ֑ח v I Chronicles 7:36, Σωχαθ, Σωφας[ρ], SeptuagintL Σουφα.

see I. צפה.

verb hide, treasure up (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; TelAm. ṣapânu; set, of sun);—

noun (fem.) Isaiah 43:6 north (as the hidden, dark; compare Gesenius' Thesaurus Lewy^{Fremdw. 188 f.}; perhaps Phoenician צפל north);—absolute צ׳ Jeremiah 25:26 +, צָפֹ֫נָה northward Genesis 13:14 +, oftener צָפ֫וֹנָה Jeremiah 3:12 +, also צָפ֫וֹנָה = צָפוֹן Jeremiah 1:13 + (after preps. and st. construct; compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 90 e); construct מִצְּפוֹן לְ Joshua 8:11 +, also מִצְּפוֹן Joshua 19:14 Gi (compare Benn; van d. H. Baer מִצָּ׳), מִצְּפ֫וֹנָה לְ Judges 21:19; (צ׳ occurs oftenest in Ez [46 times], Jos [25 times], Je [25 times], Dn [9 times]);—north (opposite S., E., W.) Genesis 13:14; Genesis 28:14 (both J), Exodus 27:11, +; פְּאַת צ׳ north side Exodus 26:20 Joshua 15:5 + (see פֵּאָה); so צֶלַע צ׳ Exodus 26:35, רוּחַ הַצּ׳ Ezekiel 42:17, compare עַל־יֶרֶךְ הַמִּזְבֵּחַ צָפ֫וֹנָה II Kings 16:14; גְּבוּל צ׳ Numbers 34:7, Numbers 34:9 north boundary; יַרְכְּתֵי צ׳ remote parts of north Isaiah 14:13 (as divine abode), Ezekiel 38:6, Ezekiel 38:15 + (see [יַרְכָה]); שַׁעַר הַצּ׳ Ezekiel 40:35 +, פֶּתַח צ׳ Ezekiel 42:2; רוּחַ צ׳ Proverbs 25:23 north wind, and so צ׳ alone Song of Songs 4:16; toward the north is צָפ֫וֹנָה Joshua 13:3 + (see also above), and אֶל־צָפוֹן Ecclesiastes 1:6, אֶל־הַצּ׳ Ezekiel 42:1, אֶל־הַצָּפ֫וֹנָה Ezekiel 8:14, לַצָּפוֹן Ezekiel 40:23, דֶּרֶךְ הַצָּפוֹן v Ezekiel 42:20, ד׳ צָפ֫וֹנָה Ezekiel 8:5^(×2) +, etc.; especially (in Je Ez etc.) of quarter whence invaders were to come, for example Assyrian Isaiah 14:31, compare Zephaniah 2:13, Babylonians Jeremiah 6:1, Jeremiah 6:22; Jeremiah 15:12; Jeremiah 46:20, Jeremiah 46:24 (עַם־צ׳), Jeremiah 47:2, Ezekiel 26:7, Cyrus against Bab. Isaiah 41:25, compare Jeremiah 50:3, Jeremiah 50:9, Jeremiah 50:41; Jeremiah 51:48; more vaguely, Jeremiah 1:14, Jeremiah 1:15 (מַמְלְכוֹת צ׳), Jeremiah 4:6; Jeremiah 10:22; Jeremiah 13:20; Jeremiah 25:9, Jeremiah 25:26 (מַלְכֵי הַצּ׳); of Gog’s host Ezekiel 38:6, Ezekiel 38:15; Ezekiel 39:2; נְסִיכֵי צ׳ Ezekiel 32:30 (appar. of nearer [Aramæan?] princes); אֶרֶץ צ׳ Jeremiah 31:8 is region of Carchemish, but Zechariah 2:10; Zechariah 6:6, Zechariah 6:8^(×2) of Babylon; מֵאֶרֶץ צ׳ (sometimes + other countries) the exiles and dispersed are to return Jeremiah 3:18; Jeremiah 16:15 = Jeremiah 23:8; Jeremiah 31:8, compare Isaiah 43:6; Isaiah 49:12; מֶלֶךְ הַצּ׳ Daniel 11:6, Daniel 11:7, Daniel 11:8, Daniel 11:11, Daniel 11:13, Daniel 11:15, Daniel 11:40 denotes successive Seleucidae.

n.pr.location on E. bank of Jordan, in tribe of Gad, צ׳ Joshua 13:27 (Σαφαν[ων]), צָפ֫וֹנָה Judges 12:1 (βοῤῥᾶν, SeptuagintL Σεφηνα); according to Talm. = mod. Amateh, N. of Jabbok, GFM Buhl^{Geogr. 259} (who doubts); Ṣapuna appears TelAm Winckler^{Noldeke. 174}.

n.pr.m. (< vocaliz. Ṣapnĕtĕph ʿōnḫ, that is the god speaks and he lives, Egyptian D̲(d)-pnt(r)-ĕf-ʿnḫ, see Steind^{ÄZ 1889, 41 f.; 1892, 50 ff.}, so Eb^{Smith DB (2), 1798 b} Brugsch, see Driver^{Hast. ii. 775 a n. §}, Crum^{ib. i. 665 b} Griffith^{ib. iii. 819 b});—Egyptian name given to Joseph Genesis 41:45, Ψονθομφανηχ, SeptuagintL Ψομ´.

noun (masc.) a (poisonous) serpent (from hissing?);—Isaiah 14:29; usually taken as = following.

noun (masc.) the same;—absolute צ׳ Isaiah 11:8 (‖ פָּ֑תֶן), בֵּיצֵי צ׳ Isaiah 59:5; כְּצִפְעֹנִי Proverbs 23:32 (sim.; ‖ נָחָשׁ); plural צִפְעֹנִים Jeremiah 8:17 (app. נְחָשִׁים); identif. doubtful; TristrNHB ²⁷⁵ (‘poss.’) daboia xanthina, a venomous viper, but vipers do not lay eggs Furrer^{Ri HWB 2, 1423}; Further proposes ailurophis vivax.

noun (fem.) a kind of willow (? onomatop., from rustling; Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic صَفْصَافٌ );—Ezekiel 17:5.

noun (fem.) Amos 3:5 (m. Psalms 102:8, compare Konig^{Synt.§ 252 a}, so Psalms 104:17, yet compare Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 71}), bird;—absolute צִפּוֹר Hosea 11:11 + 15 times, צִפֹּר Genesis 15:10 + 11 times, construct צִפּוֹר Deuteronomy 4:17 + 5 times, צִפֹּר Psalms 8:9; plural צִפֳּרִים Leviticus 14:4 + 5 times;—

n.pr.m. father of Balak, king of Moab (bird; perhaps specif. sparrow, compare Gray^{Prop. N. 94}; Palmyrene n.pr.m. צפרא);—צ׳ Numbers 22:2, Numbers 22:4, Numbers 22:16; Joshua 24:9; Judges 11:25, צִפֹּר Numbers 22:10; Numbers 23:18; Σεπφωρ.

n.pr.f. wife of Moses (bird);—Exodus 2:21; Exodus 4:25; Exodus 18:2; Σεπφωρα (compare Lagarde^{BN 90 Anm.*}).

noun (masc.) he-goat (late);—absolute צ׳ Daniel 8:5, Daniel 8:21; construct צְפִיר הָעִזִּים v Daniel 8:5, Daniel 8:8 (all in vision, symbol. of Alex.); plural construct (literally) צְפִירֵי עִזִּים II Chronicles 29:21, צְפִירֵי חַטָּאת Ezra 8:35 he-goats for a sin-offering.

and (Job 2:11) צוֹפַר n.pr.m. Job’s third friend, צ׳ הַנַּעֲמָתִי Job 2:11; Job 11:1; Job 20:1; Job 42:9; Σωφαρ.

n.pr.location Σεφεκ[ρ]: Canaanite city Judges 1:17 = חָרְמָה q.see; identif. by many (see especially Palmer ^{Desert of Exod. 374 ff.}) with Sebaita (c. Lat. 30° 54ˊ N., Long. 34° 40ˊ E.), by Rob^{BR ii. 181} with pass eṣ-Ṣŭfâh, further E.; against both see GFM

n.pr.location in Judah (van d. H. צְפָתָה, so Kittel); בְּגֵיא צ׳ לְמָרֵשָׁה II Chronicles 14:9; Septuagint κατὰ βορρᾶν, whence Hitzig al. proposes צָפֹנָה, so Buhl^Lex.

and (I Chronicles 12:1, I Chronicles 12:21 צִיק׳) n.pr.location (צִֽקְלָ֑ג I Samuel 27:6 a +, צִֽקְלָג֖ II Samuel 2:1, צִיקְלָ֔ג I Chronicles 12:1);—assigned to Judah Joshua 15:31, to Simeon Joshua 19:5; Philistine city given to David I Samuel 27:6^(×2); I Samuel 30:1^(×3), I Samuel 30:14, I Samuel 30:26; II Samuel 1:1; II Samuel 4:10; I Chronicles 4:30; I Chronicles 12:1, I Chronicles 12:21 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:20); Σεκελακ, Σικελαγ, etc.; usually identified with Zuheilikah, 19 miles SW. from Bêt Jibrin, 11 miles ESE. from Gaza (compare Buhl^{Geogr. 185}).

ii. צֹר see I, II, III. צרר.

n.pr.location in Naphtali, Joshua 19:35; Τυρος.

n.pr.location Τυρος: Tyre, famous Phoenician city (Phoenician צר; Assyrian Ṣurru, so TelAm; Egyptian Ḏa-(ï̥)rạ, Ḏa-ru̥ WMM^{As. u. Eur. 185});—צֹר II Samuel 24:7 + 32 times, צוֹר I Kings 5:15 + 8 times (Gi);—city of Hiram, friend of David and Sol. II Samuel 5:11; I Kings 5:15; I Kings 9:11, I Kings 9:12; I Chronicles 14:1; II Chronicles 2:2, II Chronicles 2:10; of artif. Hiram I Kings 7:13; בַּת־צֹר Psalms 45:13 of city personif. (another view in Cheyne); צ׳ also in name of Phoenician fortress, מִבְצַר־צ׳ II Samuel 24:7, עִיר מ׳ צ׳ Joshua 19:29; threatened by proph. Amos 1:9, Amos 1:10 and (with especially ref. to commercial greatness) Isaiah 23:1 (מַשָּׂא צֹר), v Isaiah 23:5, Isaiah 23:8, Isaiah 23:15^(×2), Isaiah 23:17 Jeremiah 25:22 (מַלְכֵי־צֹר), Jeremiah 27:3 (מֶלֶךְ צֹר), Jeremiah 47:4 Ezekiel 26:2, Ezekiel 26:3, Ezekiel 26:4, Ezekiel 26:7, Ezekiel 26:15; Ezekiel 27:2, Ezekiel 27:3^(×2), Ezekiel 27:8, Ezekiel 27:32; Ezekiel 28:2 (נְגִיד צֹר), v Ezekiel 28:12 (מֶלֶךְ צוֹר); besieged by Nebuch. Ezekiel 29:18, Ezekiel 29:18; compare Zechariah 9:2, Zechariah 9:3; Joshua 4:4 Psalms 83:8 (ישְׁבֵי צ׳); of Tyrians as proselytes Psalms 87:4 (predict.);—לְצוֹר Hosea 9:13 is probably corrupt, read לָצוּד or לָצַיִד Septuagint Wellhausen GASm, compare Nowack.—צ׳ often + צִידוֹן q.see;—see, on Tyre, Pietschm^{Phön. 60 ff.} Rob^{BR ii. 461 ff.} de Luynes^{Voyage à la Mer Morte (1874) i. 28 ff., and Pl. xiii–xviii} Bd^{Pal. 3 (1898), 307 ff.}—ii. צֹר (flint, knife) see III. צרר.

adjectivegent. Tyrian;—אִישׁ צ׳ I Kings 7:14 = II Chronicles 2:13; plural as noun הַצֹּרִים the Tyrians I Chronicles 22:4; Ezra 3:7 (both + הַצִּידֹנִים), Nehemiah 13:16.

adjective burning, scorching (= *צַדָּב Gesenius' Thesaurus al.);—כְּאֵשׁ צָרָ֑בֶת Proverbs 16:27 (sim. of words).

noun (fem.) scab, scar, of a sore (literally a burning, scorching);—construct צָרֶבֶת הַשְּׁחִין הִוא Leviticus 13:23; צ׳ הַמִּכְוָה הִוא v Leviticus 13:28.

n.pr.location home of Jerob. I Kings 11:26, Σαρειρα, A Σαριδα; see [צְרֵרָה] צָֽרְתָן.

see I, II. צרר.

(Genesis 37:25) (וּ)צְרִי, צֹ֑רִי Ezekiel 27:17 n.[m.] a kind of balsam, as merchandise Genesis 37:25, gift Genesis 43:11, medicament Jeremiah 8:22; Jeremiah 46:11; Jeremiah 51:8 (for national disaster, in figuratively);—ThDyer-M’Lean in Ency. Bib.^Balm think a resin, like (not necess. =) gum of mastic-tree, pistacia lentiscus (otherwise Post^{Hastings DB}).

n.pr.m. a musician, I Chronicles 25:3 (Σ)ουρ(ε)ι, = יִצְרִי (q.see) v I Chronicles 25:11 (Ιεσδρει, SeptuagintL Ασειρηλα).

n.pr.f. Σαρουια: mother of Abishai, Joab and Asahel;—צ׳ I Samuel 26:6 +, צְרֻיָה II Samuel 14:1; II Samuel 16:10; II Samuel 23:37;—according to I Chronicles 2:16 a she was David’s sister; called אֵם יוֹאָב II Samuel 17:25; elsewhere after construct בֶּן־ (בְּנֵי): בֶּן־צ׳ of Abishai I Samuel 26:6; II Samuel 16:9; II Samuel 18:2; II Samuel 19:22; II Samuel 21:17; I Chronicles 18:12; of Joab II Samuel 2:13; II Samuel 8:16 = I Chronicles 18:15; II Samuel 14:1; II Samuel 23:18 and v II Samuel 23:37 = I Chronicles 11:39; I Kings 1:7; I Kings 2:5, I Kings 2:22; I Chronicles 11:6; I Chronicles 26:28; I Chronicles 27:24; plural of all three II Samuel 2:18; I Chronicles 2:16; Abishai and Joab II Samuel 3:39; II Samuel 16:10; II Samuel 19:23.

verb cry, roar (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, cry (of raven); Assyrian ṣarâḫu, cry aloud, Arabic صَرَخَ, Ethiopic ጸርኀ: Targum צְרַח Aph. (of bear), Syriac ܨܪܰܚ especially Aph. and deriv.);—

n.[m.] perhaps excavation, underground chamber;—צ׳ absolute Judges 9:49, construct v Judges 9:46; plural צְרִחִים I Samuel 13:6;—used as hiding-places I Samuel 13:6 (+ מְעָרוֹת, חֲוָחִים, סְלָעִים, בֹּרוֹת); as refuge Judges 9:46 (where connected with shrine), v Judges 9:49 (Vrss stronghold; on uncertainty of meaning see GFM).

see I. צֹר.

see צרה.

noun (fem.) leprosy;—absolute צ׳ Deuteronomy 24:8 +, צָרָ֑עַת Leviticus 13:2 +; construct צָרַ֫עַת II Kings 5:27 +; with suffix צָרַעְתּוֹ II Kings 5:3, II Kings 5:6, II Kings 5:7;—leprosy II Kings 5:3, II Kings 5:6, II Kings 5:7, II Kings 5:27; II Chronicles 26:19; elsewhere only in laws: נֶגַע צ׳ Deuteronomy 24:8, and Leviticus 13, Leviticus 14 (P; 29 times): תּוֹרַת הַצּ׳ Leviticus 14:57; specif. of

noun (fem.) mother of Jeroboam I Kings 11:26, Septuagint (Alexandrinus) Σαρουα.

n.pr.location Σαραα, etc. (compare also Lagarde^{BN 85}), in the Shephelah of Judah (TelAm. Ṣarḫa, named with Aialuna, Ajalon);—Joshua 15:33, but assigned to Joshua 19:41; Judges 13:2, Judges 13:25; Judges 16:31; Judges 18:2, Judges 18:8, Judges 18:11; II Chronicles 11:10 Nehemiah 11:29; mod. Ṣarʿa, 15 miles W. from Jerus., compare GASm^{Geogr. 218} Buhl^{Geogr. 195}.

verb smelt, refine, test (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Phoenician מצרף smelter: Assyrian ṣurrupu, refined, ṣarpu, silver, naṣraptu, crucible; Arabic صِرْفٌ is pure, unmixed (especially of wine);* very doubtful is Sab. צדף silver, money, compare Mordtm^{Him. Inschr. pp. 14, 29} CIS ^{iv, Noldeke. 291, l. 1});—

n.pr.location Σαρεπτα: on coast S. of Sidon (? smelting-place; on strange form compare Lagarde^{BN 84}; Assyrian Ṣariptu Delitzsch^{Pa 284} COT I Kings 17, I Kings 9; Egyptian Ḏa-ï̥ra-pu-ti̥ WMM^{As. u. Eur. 184});—צ׳ Obadiah 1:20; צָֽרְפָ֫תָה I Kings 17:9, I Kings 17:10 (so Gi; -פַ֫תָה van d. H. Baer); mod. Ṣarfend Rob^{BR ii. 474 ff.} Pietschm^{Phön. 58 f.}.

verb bind, tie up, be restricted, narrow, scant, cramped (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic صَرَّ bind, tie up; so Aramaic צְרַר, ܨܰܪ );—

adjective narrow, tight;—absolute צ׳ II Kings 6:1 +; צָ֑ר Numbers 22:26 +; f. צָרָה Proverbs 23:27;—narrow, מָקוֹם צָ֑ר Numbers 22:26, צַר מִמֶּנּוּ II Kings 6:1 too narrow for us, compare צַר־לִי הַמָּקוֹם Isaiah 49:20 (of land of Judah after exile); בְּאֵר צָרָה Proverbs 23:27 (figuratively of harlot; that is rescue difficult; ‖ שׁוּחָה עֲמֻקָּה); כַּנָּהָר צָר Isaiah 59:19 like a contracted (and hence swift, powerful) river (sim. of י׳; Klostermann נְהַר מָצוֹר, Cheyne^Haupt. נ׳ מִצֹּר, both ‘of Egypt’); סָגוּר חוֹתָם צָ֑ר Job 41:7 (of scaly back of crocodile), usually closely joined (as) with tight seal (Septuagint Me Bi Hoffmann Budde Duhm חוֹתַם צֹד with seal of flint, but why specify material?); בְּיוֹם צָרָה צַר כֹּחֶ֑כָה Proverbs 24:10 thy strength will be narrow, limited (si vera l., compare Toy).

n.[m.] straits, distress;—absolute צ׳ Job 15:24 +, also c. art. בַּצַּר Hosea 5:15 +, צָ֑ר Psalms 4:2 +;—straits, distress Isaiah 5:30; Job 15:24 Psalms 32:7; Psalms 60:13 Psalms 108:13 צַר־וּמָצוֹק Psalms 119:143; עֵת־צ׳ Job 38:23, compare בַּצַּר Isaiah 26:16, בַּצָּ֑ר Psalms 4:2; צ׳־רוּהִי Job 7:11 distress of my spirit; לֶחֶם צַר Isaiah 30:20; לֹא צָ֗ר Isaiah 63:9 usually he (י׳) had distress (reading לִוֹ Qr), but Septuagint οὐ πρέσβυς, Duhm Cheyne^Haupt. al. לֹא צִר, no messenger (but) his own face, etc.; compare Job 36:16, Job 36:19. Instead of with suffix directly appended, ל with suffix is used (only after ב): בַּצַּר־לִי in my distress Psalms 18:7 = II Samuel 22:7, Psalms 66:14, so בְּיוֹם צַר(־)לִי Psalms 59:17; Psalms 102:3; בַּצַּר לְךָ Deuteronomy 4:30 (probably orig. meant as בְּצַר, or בְּצֹר [inf.], Driver; so) בַּצַּר־לוֹ Isaiah 25:4; II Chronicles 15:4, בַּצַּר לָהֶם Hosea 5:15 Psalms 107:6, Psalms 107:13, Psalms 107:19, Psalms 107:28, also (after רָאָה) Psalms 106:44—צַר I Samuel 2:32 is corrupt. III. צַר see II. צָרַר.

noun (fem.) the same;—absolute צ׳ I Samuel 26:24 +, צָרָ֫תָה Psalms 120:1 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 90 g); construct צָרַת Genesis 42:21; with suffix צָרָתִי Genesis 35:3 +, צָרַתְכֶם Judges 10:14, etc.; plural צָרוֹת absolute Isaiah 65:16 +; with suffix צָרֹתֵיכֶם I Samuel 10:19, etc.;—straits, distress, Genesis 42:21; I Samuel 26:24; II Samuel 4:9; I Kings 1:29; Isaiah 8:22; Job 5:19; Job 27:9; especially ψψ (24 times), for example Psalms 22:12; Psalms 25:17 (see רחב), v Psalms 25:22 Psalms 31:8; Psalms 34:17, Psalms 34:18; specif. of travail, צָרָה וַחֲבָלִים Jeremiah 49:24 (sim.), compare Jeremiah 4:31 (Gie צְוָחָה, after Septuagint); צָרַת נַפְשׁוֹ Genesis 42:21; בְּיוֹם צָרָתִי Genesis 35:3, Psalms 77:3; Psalms 86:7, compare II Kings 19:3 = Isaiah 37:3, Psalms 20:2; Psalms 50:15 Proverbs 24:10; Proverbs 25:19; Jeremiah 16:19; Obadiah 1:12, Obadiah 1:14; Nahum 1:7; Habakkuk 3:16, יוֹם צ׳ וּמְצוּקָה Zephaniah 1:15; בְּעֵת־צָרַתְכֶם Judges 10:14, compare Nehemiah 9:27 Psalms 37:39 Isaiah 33:2 Jeremiah 14:8; Jeremiah 15:11; Jeremiah 30:7; Daniel 12:1; also בַּצָּרָה Psalms 81:8, בְּצָרָה Psalms 91:15 Nehemiah 9:37, בְּצָרוֹת Psalms 46:2, etc.; רָעוֹת וְצָרוֹת Deuteronomy 31:17, Deuteronomy 31:21 compare I Samuel 10:19 Psalms 71:20, צָרָה וְצוּקָה Proverbs 1:27, אֶרֶץ צ׳ וְצ׳ Isaiah 30:6; c. ל (poet.), בַּצָּרָ֫תָה לִי Psalms 120:1 in my distress, מִצָּרָה לִי Jonah 2:3.—צָרָה Zechariah 10:11, read מִצְרַיִם [or מָצוֹר] Wellhausen Nowack GASm; צֹ֫רָה Klostermann^{ThLZ, 1879, 566} Stade^{journal ZAW i (1881), 22}; Psalms 9:10; Psalms 10:1 see בַּצָּרָה.

noun (masc.) ^{Haggai 1:6} bundle, parcel, pouch, bag (proposes a binding, that is sthg. bound up);—צ׳ absolute Amos 9:9 +, construct Genesis 42:35 +; plural construct צְרֹרוֹת v Genesis 42:35;—bundle or pouch (purse) of money Genesis 42:35^(×2), Proverbs 7:20; צ׳ הַמֹּר Song of Songs 1:13 (figuratively of lover); צְרוּרָה בִּצ׳ הַחַיִּים I Samuel 25:29 (figuratively; see I. צרר); חָתֻם בִּצ׳ פִּשְׁעִי Job 14:17 (that is hidden, forgotten Hitzig Budde al.; > al. treasured up), צ׳ נָקוּב Haggai 1:6 (see I. נקב).

verb shew hostility toward, vex (Mishnaic Hebrew צַר foe; Arabic ضَرَّ harm, damage, Sab. צֿר war, foe Mordtm^{Him. Inschr. 60. 71} SabDenkm ²⁴ CIS ^{iv. 174, 1. 6} Hom^{Chrest. 125}; Ethiopic ፀረረ be hostile, in der. spec. and deriv.; Assyrian ṣarâru, be hostile, ṣarru, foe; Arabic ضَرَّةٌ, Assyrian ṣirritu, Syriac ܥܰܪܬܳܐ, all = rival-wife, so (? Hebrew infl.) Targum צָרָא I Samuel 1:6; see especially Lagarde ^{Deceased Wife’s Sister, GGN, 1882, Noldeke. 13; = Mi. 125 ff.} Driver I Samuel 1:6);—