BDB — צ (231)

verb be inclined, desire, be pleased (Targum Syriac; compare Biblical Hebrew 11 ׃צבה);—

noun (fem.) thing, anything (orig. purpose) (Palmyrene צבו Lidzbarski³⁵⁷ SAC¹⁰⁰ Cooke²⁶⁶, Syriac ܨܒܽܘܬܳܐ, all thing; compare Mishnaic Hebrew חֵפֶץ thing, from הָפֵץ delight in, crave);—Daniel 6:18.

n.[m.] side (very rare in Aramaic; perhaps Hebr., see Biblical Hebrew the same, √ צדד);—construct, c. preposition: לְצ׳ עליא Daniel 7:25, that is against; מִצּ׳ מַלְכוּתָא Daniel 6:5, that is arising from, touching.

noun (masc.) ^{Daniel 2:31} image (see Biblical Hebrew צלם);—absolute צ׳ Daniel 2:31; Daniel 3:1; construct צ׳ Daniel 3:19, צֶ֫לֶם v Daniel 3:5 +; emph. צַלְמָא Daniel 2:31 +;—image Daniel 2:31^(×2), Daniel 2:32, Daniel 2:34, Daniel 2:35; Daniel 3:1 + 10 times Daniel 3:3; צ׳ אַנְפּוֹהִי Daniel 3:19 that is his expression.

[צֹאִי]] see צוא.

noun (masc.)plural a kind of lotus (Rhamnus (more exactly Zizyphus), Lotus [Linn.], thorny lotus (not sacred Nymphaea Lotus); Saad. ضَالٌ, compare AW De Iyov 2, Syriac ܥܳܐܠܴܐ, see Löw^{p. 275});—Iyov 40:21, Iyov 40:22.

n.coll.f. Breishis 30:36 (poss. m. v Breishis 30:39 +, Konig^{Synt. § 247 g}, but doubtful, v Breishis 30:39 c. verb fpl., as usually; in Shmuel Alef 15:14 join הַזֶּה with קוֹל; see further Albr ^{journal ZAW xv (1895), 316 ff.}) small cattle, sheep and goats, flock, flocks;—צ׳ absolute Breishis 4:2 +, construct Breishis 29:9 +; with suffix צֹאנוֹ Breishis 4:4 +; צֹאנֵנוּ Shemos 10:9, צֹאונֵנוּ Tehillim 144:13; as plural צֹאנֵינוּ Nechemia 10:37 van d. H. Gi (not Baer); s. [צֹנֶא] צֹנֶה p. 856, etc.;—

proper name (place) Micha 1:11 Σεννααρ [ν], perhaps = צְנָן in the Shephelah of Judah Yehoshua 15:37, Σεννα(μ).

see i, ii. צבב.

verb wage war, serve (Sabean צֿבא wage war with, also n. army, campaign Hom^{Chrest. 125} CIS ^{iv. 299, 1. 2} D.H. Müller ^{VOJ i. 28}; Ethiopic ጸብአ: (> ፀብአ:) wage war; Assyrian ṣâbu, man, soldier; Noldeke^{ZMG xl (1886), 726} and elsewhere cp. (on account of Sabean Ethiopic ץֿ) Arabic ضَبَأَ conceal oneself, hence lie in wait; this is phonetically suitable, but better in meaning would be صَبَأَ go or come forth (against one), etc., so Gesenius' Thesaurus Lagarde^{BN 21}; Frä²³² cp. صَبِىٌّ young man);—

noun (masc.) Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:9 (poss. f. Yeshaya 40:2; Daniel 8:12, but see Albr ^{journal ZAW xv (1895), 319}; Bev ^Dn) army, war, warfare;—absolute צ׳ Bamidbar 1:3 + (מִצָּבָה Zecharia 9:8 see p. 663 a); construct צְבָא Bamidbar 10:15 +; with suffix צְבָאִי Iyov 14:14; צְבָאֲךָ Shoftim 8:9; Shoftim 9:29; צְבָאָיו Tehillim 103:21; Tehillim 148:2 (Kesiv צבאו; so read probably in both), etc.; plural צְבָאוֹת Bamidbar 20:9 + 278 times; construct צִבְאוֹת Shemos 12:41 + 2 times; with suffix צִבְאֹתַי Shemos 7:4; צִבְאֹתָם Shemos 6:26 +, etc.;—

see further i, ii. צְבִי.

see צְבֹיִים.

n.[m.] litter;—absolute צ׳, in עֶגְלֹת צָב Bamidbar 7:3, probably litter-wagons, that is wagons covered, like palanquin; plural צַבִּים Yeshaya 66:20 litters (on old versions compare Dillmann ^Nu).

n.[m.] lizard, as unclean, Vayikra 11:29.

adjective swelling, swollen;—f. צָבָה Bamidbar 5:21 (as foregoing).

noun (masc.)^{Shmuel Beis 1:19} beauty, honour;—absolute צ Shmuel Beis 1:19 +, צֶ֑בִי Daniel 8:9; construct צְבִי Yeshaya 13:19 +; plural construct צִבְאוֹת Yirmiya 3:19 (so Targum Ki Gesenius' Thesaurus Hitzig Graf Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 145 b Konig^{ii. 1, 584} and elsewhere; > from צבא Vulgate Giesebrecht and elsewhere);—

noun (masc.)^{Yeshaya 13:14} gazelle;—צ׳ absolute Devarim 12:15 +; plural צְבָיִם Shmuel Beis 2:18, צְבָאיִם Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:9 (Gi Baer; van d. H. v Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:8), צְבָאוֹת Shir HaShirim 2:7; Shir HaShirim 3:5;—gazelle, allowed as food Devarim 14:5, compare Devarim 12:15, Devarim 12:22 (although not for sacrif., Driver; all + אַיָּל), so Devarim 15:22 (+ אַיָּל, יַחְמוּר, etc.), see Melachim Alef 5:3; simile of swiftness Shmuel Beis 2:18; Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:9; see above, Mishlei 6:5; of grace and beauty Shir HaShirim 2:9, Shir HaShirim 2:17; Shir HaShirim 8:14 (compare Jacob^{Arabic Dichter iv. 20 f.}); hence used in adjuration Shir HaShirim 2:7; Shir HaShirim 3:5 (+ אילות); צ׳ מֻדָּח Yeshaya 13:14, simile of fugitives.

noun (fem.) the same;—תְּאוֹמֵי צ׳ Shir HaShirim 4:5 = Shir HaShirim 7:4.

proper name (masc.) in Benjamin Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:9, Ιεβια, A Σεβια, SeptuagintL Σαβια.

proper namef. (= צְבִיָּה gazelle, compare Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 192 b);—mother of Jehoash of Judah Melachim Beis 12:2, Αβια = Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:1, Αβια, SeptuagintL Σαβια.

proper name (place) near Sodom, Breishis 14:2, Breishis 14:8; Devarim 29:22 = צְבֹיִם Breishis 10:19 = צְבֹאִים Hoshea 11:8 Kesiv (צְבוֹיִם Keri); Σεβωειμ.

n.[m.] dye, dyed stuff;—construct צ׳ רִקְמָתַיִם Shoftim 5:30 (perhaps del. צ׳, compare G.F. Moore); plural שְׁלַל צְבָעִים booty of dyed stuffs v Shoftim 5:30^(×2).

adjective coloured, variegated (proposes pt. passive);—עַיִט צ׳ Yirmiya 12:9 a variegated bird of prey.

proper name (masc.) a Horite (hyena; Robertson Smith^{K 219}; Gray^{Prop. N. 95} and reff.);—Breishis 36:2, Breishis 36:14, Breishis 36:20 (in these gloss according to Dillmann Holz), v Breishis 36:24^(×2), Breishis 36:29 Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:38, Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:40, Σεβεγων.

proper name (place) in Benj.;—גֵּי הצ׳ (perhaps valley of hyenas, so Gesenius' Thesaurus, compare Lagarde^{BN 36} Gray^l.c.);—Shmuel Alef 13:18 (according to Buhl^{Geogr. 98} = Wady el-Kelt, between Jerus. and Jericho), Σαμειν, SeptuagintL Σαβαιν; compare צ׳ Nechemia 11:34, A Σεβοειμ, SeptuagintL Σεβωειν.

noun (masc.) ^{Shemos 25:32} side;—צַד absolute Yechezkel 34:21; Yeshaya 60:4, construct Shmuel Beis 2:16 +; with suffix צִדָּהּ Breishis 6:16 +, etc.; for צִדָּה Shmuel Alef 20:20 read צַ֫דָּה (or צִדֹּה; compare Driver, > צִ֫דָּה); plural צִדִּים Shoftim 2:3, read probably צִדֵּיכֶם as Bamidbar 33:55; Yehoshua 23:13; construct צִדֵּי Shemos 26:13, etc.;—side, of man Shmuel Beis 2:16; Bamidbar 33:55; Yehoshua 23:13, Shoftim 2:3 (probably read context as Bamidbar 33:55 G.F. Moore; Delitzsch^{Pr 75} cp. Assyrian ṣaddu, snare, trap); of one lying Yechezkel 4:4, Yechezkel 4:6, Yechezkel 4:9, מִצִּדְּךָ אֶל־צִדֶּ֑ךָ v Yechezkel 4:8 turn from side to side; children carried עַל־צ׳ (that is probably on hip) Yeshaya 60:4; Yeshaya 66:12; of cattle Yechezkel 34:21 (in figuratively); of things Shmuel Alef 20:20 (compare Driver), Breishis 6:16; Shemos 25:32^(×3) = Shemos 37:18^(×3), Shemos 26:13; Shemos 30:4 = Shemos 37:27 (all P); מִצַּד at the side of c. generally th. Devarim 31:26, person Shmuel Alef 20:25; Rus 2:14, מִצִּדְּךָ Tehillim 91:7; c. generally location Yehoshua 3:16; Yehoshua 12:9, מִצַּד הָהָר Shmuel Beis 13:34; מִצַּד הָהָר מִזֶּה Shmuel Alef 23:26 bis on this side of the hill and on that side; c. with suffix rei מִצִּדּוֹ Shmuel Alef 6:8.

verb lie in wait (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, rare; compare (si vera l.) Biblical Aramaic צְדָא Daniel 3:14);—

noun (fem.) lying-in-wait;—(ב)צ׳ Bamidbar 35:20, Bamidbar 35:22 that is with malicious intent.

verb lay waste (Mishnaic Hebrew the same (rare), Aramaic צְדִי, ܨܕܳܐ, ܨܕܺܝ the same);—

noun (masc.) Yeshaya 1:21 rightness, righteousness;—צ׳ Vayikra 19:36 + 87 times; צִדְקִי Yeshaya 41:10 + 8 times, etc.;—

noun (fem.) righteousness;—absolute צ׳ Breishis 15:6 + 81 times; construct צִדְקַת Devarim 33:21 + 5 times; with suffix צִדְקָתִי Breishis 30:33 +, etc.; plural צְדָקוֹת Yeshaya 33:15 + 3 times; construct צִדְקוֹת Shoftim 5:11 +; with suffix צִדְקֹתֶיךָ Daniel 9:16, etc.;—

verb denom. be just, righteous;—

adjective just, righteous;—absolute צ׳ Breishis 6:9 +; plural צַדִּיקִים Shemos 23:8 +, etc.;—

and (Melachim Alef 1:26) צָדֹק₅₄ proper name (masc.) (just, righteous; compare Sabean proper name צדק CIS ^{iv, Noldeke. 287, 1. 2. 11. 15} etc., D.H. Müller^{Hof museum. Noldeke. 32});—Σαδωκ, Σαδδουκ (compare Lagarde^{BN 225 ff.}):—

-יָּה₇ proper name (masc.) (י׳ is righteousness; compare Sabean צדקאל D.H. Müller^{ib., on Noldeke. 32});—Σεδεκια(ς):

verb gleam (Mishnaic Hebrew the same (of face, bronze, etc.); Arabic صَهِبَ be red);—

adjective gleaming, yellow (of hair);—שֵׂעָר צ׳ Vayikra 13:30, Vayikra 13:32, Vayikra 13:36 (opposite שׂ׳ שָׁחֹר v Vayikra 13:31, Vayikra 13:37).

n.[m.] only plural צָהֳרַ֫יִם midday, noon, Devarim 28:29 +, צָהֳרָ֑יִם Breishis 43:16 + (when sun mounts its highest; on form as expanded plural (not dual) see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 88 c and reff.);—usually

noun (fem.) probably roof (compareArabic Assyrian TelAm. back; > Gesenius' Thesaurus Dillmann and elsewhere light, window);—צ׳ תַּעֲשֶׂה לַתֵּבָה Breishis 6:16.

see צוה.

noun (fem.) filth;—absolute צ׳ Yeshaya 28:8 (of drunkards’ vomit, compare קִיא); צ׳ figuratively of iniquity, construct צֹאַת Yeshaya 4:4, with suffix צֹאָתוֹ Mishlei 30:12; specif. of human excrement (= [צֵאָה]) with suffix צֹאָתָם Melachim Beis 18:27 = Yeshaya 36:12 (both Keri; Kesiv חר(א)יהם, compare [חֶרֶא] p. 351 above).

see I. צור.

proper nameterr. Σουβα, rarely Σωβα(λ): an Aramaean kingdom, time of (Saul and) David אֲרַם צוֹבָא Shmuel Beis 10:6, Shmuel Beis 10:8 (elsewhere צוֹבָה), אֲרַם צוֹבָה Tehillim 60:2 (title); הֲדַדְעֶזֶר מֶלֶךְ צ׳ Shmuel Beis 8:3, Shmuel Beis 8:5, Shmuel Beis 8:12 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 18:3, Divrei HaYamim Alef 18:5; Melachim Alef 11:23; Divrei HaYamim Alef 18:9; צ׳ also Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:6; חֲמַת צ׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:3; orig. home of one of David’s heroes Shmuel Beis 23:36 (perhaps read also for proper name (masc.) מִבְחָר ‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:38, compare Driver); מַלְכֵי צ׳ Shmuel Alef 14:47 (only here in Saul’s time); Noldeke^{Aramaic, in Ency. Bib., compare ZMG xxv (1871), 113 ff.} places between Hamath and Damascus (about Ḥums, Emesa), and so Delitzsch^{Pa 279 f.}, who cp. Assyrian city Ṣubitu, compare Schrader^{Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament.} Shmuel Beis 8:3.

verb hunt (Mishnaic Hebrew the same (rare), מְצוּדָה = Biblical Hebrew Assyrian ṣâdu, hunt, so Arabic (صيد), صَادَ, Aramaic צוּד, צִיד, ((ܨܘܕ) ܨܳܕ) Old Aramaic צידא hunting);—

noun (masc.) hunting, game;—absolute צ׳ Breishis 10:9 +, צָ֑יִד Breishis 27:3 (Keri; > Kesiv צידה), Nechemia 13:15, construct צֵיד Breishis 27:25; with suffix צֵידִי v Breishis 27:19, etc.;—

n.[m.] provision, food;—absolute צָ֑יִד Nechemia 13:15; with suffix צֵידוֹ Iyov 38:41, etc.;—provision taken on journey Yehoshua 9:14, לֶחֶם צֵידָם v Yehoshua 9:5 (both ); more generally (late), food, food-supply, Nechemia 13:15 Tehillim 132:15, of raven Iyov 38:41.—i. צַיִד see צוד.

noun (fem.) the same;—absolute צ׳ Yehoshua 9:11 + 2 times; צֵדָה Breishis 42:25 + 5 times;—provision for journey, march, Breishis 42:25; Breishis 45:21 Shemos 12:39 (all E), Yehoshua 1:11, Yehoshua 9:11, Shoftim 7:8 (text doubtful compare G.F. Moore), Shoftim 20:10 Shmuel Alef 22:10; supply of food Tehillim 78:25.—Breishis 27:3 see i. צַיִד, under צוד.

noun (masc.) sign-post, monument (Mishnaic Hebrew the same (צִיֵּין Pi. denom.); probably from √ in orig. physical sense, see especially Arabic صُوَّةٌ, صَوَّانٌ Syriac ܨܘܳܝܳܐ, compare Schulthess^{Hom. Wurz. 57} Konig^{ii. 1. 154}; > √ צין Buhl);—absolute צ׳, grave-stone Melachim Beis 23:17; sign-post Yechezkel 39:15; guide-posts, plural צִיֻּנִים Yirmiya 31:21 (‖ תַּמְרוּרִים).

appar. n.[m.], doubtful word;—in הָלַךְ אַחֲרֵי־צָ֑ו Hoshea 5:11 usually command, ordinance; < Septuagint Peshitta Che Now GASm שָׁוְא; elsewhere only צַו לָצָ֙ו צַו לָצָ֔ו (‖ קַו לָקָו קַו לָקָו), Yeshaya 28:10 in mocking mimicry of Is.’s words, and, v Yeshaya 28:13, of the unintelligible speech of י׳’s foreign agents of judgment; Gesenius Cheyne^commentaries and elsewhere (compare Authorized Version Revised Version) render command upon command; Ewald Dillmann (carpenter’s) rule (+ קַו = line and rule), from √ צָוָה (whence צִיּוּן); Duhm Cheyne^Haupt. explain as mocking sounds without sense.

noun (fem.) outcry;—in distress, grief, absolute צ׳ Tehillim 144:14; construct צִוְחַת Yirmiya 14:2; with suffix צִוְחָתֵךְ Yirmiya 46:12; absolute also Yeshaya 24:11 (c. עַל for, because of).

verb abstain from food, fast (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic (صوم), صَامَ Ethiopic ጾመ: Aramaic צוּם, ܨܳܡ );—

noun (masc.) ^{Yeshaya 58:5} fasting, fast;—צ׳ absolute Shmuel Beis 12:16 +, construct Zecharia 8:19 (4 times); with suffix צֹמְכֶם Yeshaya 58:3; plural צוֹמוֹת Esther 9:31;—fast, as direct object cogn. Shmuel Beis 12:16; public observance Melachim Alef 21:9, Melachim Alef 21:12; Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:3; Ezra 8:21; Yirmiya 36:9; Yonah 3:5 (all object of קָרָא proclaim), compare Yoel 1:14; Yoel 2:15 (both object of קַדְּשׁוּ); יוֹם צוֹם Yirmiya 36:6, יוֹם צֹמְכֶם Yeshaya 58:3, compare v Yeshaya 58:5 (‖ יוֹם עַנּוֹת אָדָם נַפְשׁוֹ), v Yeshaya 58:5, Yeshaya 58:6; of periodic fasts Zecharia 8:19^(×4) Esther 9:31; act or state of fasting, נֶאֶסְפוּ בְצ׳ וּבְשַׂקִּים Nechemia 9:1 compare Yoel 2:12; Daniel 9:3; Esther 4:3; עִנֵּיתִי בַצּ׳ נַפְשִׁי Tehillim 35:13 compare Tehillim 69:11 (on וָאֶבְכֶּה see Cheyne Baethgen); causing physical weakness Tehillim 109:24.

n.[m.]plural things formed, images; מַעֲשֵׂה צ׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:10 image work (of cherubim).

verb flow, overflow, [float] (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; so Aramaic טוּף, ܛܳܦ;—Arabic طَوْفٌ skin-raft is loan-wd. Frä ²²⁰);—

noun (masc.) (honey-)comb (as exuding honey);—only figuratively: construct צוּף־דְּבַשׁ Mishlei 16:24; plural נֹפֶת צוּפִים Tehillim 19:11 (+ דְּבַשׁ), Septuagint κηρίον, κηρία, Vulgate favus.

proper name (masc.) Ephr. ancestor of Elḳanah and Samuel, בֶּן־צ׳ Shmuel Alef 1:1 (ἐν Νασειβ, SeptuagintL υἱοῦ Σωφ), Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:20 Keri Septuagint Vulgate (Kesiv ציף); appar. = צוֹפַי v Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:11 (Levite), Σουφ(ει): hence probably אֶרֶץ צוּף Shmuel Alef 9:5 (in Benj., τὴν (γὴν) Σ(ε)ιφ(α)).

adjectivegent. Ṣuphite;—so read probably for צוֹפִים Shmuel Alef 1:1 (Wellhausen Klostermann Driver and most mod., after Septuagint Σ(ε)ιφα, A Σωφιμ).

noun (fem.) out-flow;—with suffix צָפָֽתְךָ Yechezkel 32:6 thine outflow (flowing blood), Co Bthl Toy Krae.

= ii. צוּף.

see צוּפִי.

noun (masc.) ^{Yeshaya 28:1} 1. blossom, flower. 2. shining thing;—צ׳ absolute Yeshaya 40:7 +, construct v Yeshaya 40:6 +; plural צִצִּים Melachim Alef 6:18 + 3 times 6 (on form v Konig^{ii. 1, 60});—

Yeshaya 28:4, v i. צִיץ above

n.[m.] si vera l., constraint, distress;—וּבְצוֹק הָעִתִּים Daniel 9:25 usually in distressful times; Gratz וּבְקֵץ וגו׳ (so Septuagint [v Daniel 9:27] Peshitta), as beginning of v Daniel 9:26, omitting וְ in וְאחרי (compare Bev Marti).

noun (fem.) pressure, distress;—national Yeshaya 8:22 (+ צָרָה), compare אֶרֶץ צָרָה וְצ׳ Yeshaya 30:6; personal צָרָה וְצ׳ Mishlei 1:27.

verb pour out, melt (‖ יצק);—

noun (masc.) ^{Tehillim 75:6} neck, back of neck;—absolute צ׳ Yeshaya 8:8 +, construct צַוַּאר Yirmiya 28:10 + 3 times; with suffix צַוָּארִי Eicha 1:14, צַוָּרָם Nechemia 3:5, etc.; plural construct צַוְּארֵי Shoftim 8:21 +; with suffix צַוָּארָיו Breishis 27:16 +, צַוְּארֵיכֶם Yirmiya 27:12, †צַוְּארֹתֵיכֶם Micha 2:3;—

verb confine, bind, besiege (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, wrap (rare); Aramaic צוּר besiege, beleaguer);—

verb shew hostility to, treat as foe (with a direct object person) (akin to II. צרר, to which Siegfried-Stade assign the forms, but compare Arabic ضَارَ (ى) act unjustly, also defraud; Syriac ܥܝܳܪܬܳܐ, rival wife);—

verb fashion, delineate (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; so Aramaic צוּר, ܨܘܪ, ܨܳܪ; ܨܽܘܪܬܳܐ picture, Sabean צור, plural צורת Hom^{Chrest. 125} Mordtm^{Him. Inschr. 14, 15}; Arabic صُورَةٌ is loan-word according to Fra²⁷²);—

noun (masc.) image;—plural צִירִים Yeshaya 45:16 = idols; singular with suffix צירם Tehillim 49:15 Kesiv their form (see צוּרָה).

noun (masc.) ^{Iyov 29:6} rock, cliff;—צ׳ absolute Shemos 17:6 +, construct Devarim 8:15 +; with suffix צוּרִי Shmuel Beis 22:3, etc.; plural צֻרִים Bamidbar 23:9 +, צוּרוֹת Iyov 28:10; construct צוּרֵי Shmuel Alef 24:3 (Gi v Shmuel Alef 24:2);—

proper name (masc.) Σουρ (Rock);—

proper name (masc.) (my rock is Ēl);—a Levite Bamidbar 3:35, Σουριηλ.

Tyre see צֹר.

see צַוָּאר.

see צחה.

adjective intens. parched (compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 84 b c);—construct צִחֵה צָמָא Yeshaya 5:13 parched with thirst.

adjective dazzling, glowing, clear;—חֹם צַת Yeshaya 18:4 glowing heat; רוּחַ צַח Yirmiya 4:11 glowing wind; דּוֹדִי צַח וְאָדוֹם Shir HaShirim 5:10 my beloved is dazzling (white) and ruddy (compare Eicha 4:7); fpl. לְדַבֵּר צַחוֹת Yeshaya 32:4 to speak clear (words), clearly.

n.[m.] shining, glaring, surface construct צְחִיחַ סֶלַע that is a smooth, bare, rock Yechezkel 24:7, Yechezkel 24:8; Yechezkel 26:4, Yechezkel 26:14; plural בַּצְּחִיחִים Nechemia 4:7 Keri (Kesiv בַּצְּחִחִיִים), in glaring, bare places (?).

noun (fem.) scorched land;—צ׳ Tehillim 68:7.

verb laugh (Arabic ضَحِكَ, laugh, Syriac ܓܚܶܟ, compare Barth^{ES 34}; see also שׂחק);—

n.[m.] laughter;—צְחֹק עָשָׂה לִי א׳ Breishis 21:6 laughter hath God caused for me; =laughing-stock, תִּהְיֶה לְצ׳ וּלְלַעַג Yechezkel 23:32 (del. Septuagint (Vaticanus) Hitzig Co Berthol Siegf Krae; not Toy).

n.[m.] reddish-gray, tawny;—צֶמֶר צָ֑חַר Yechezkel 27:18 wool of reddish-gray, tawny wool, or (Hitzig-Smend Krae), of land Ṣachar (si vera l.; Co del. צחר as dittogr.).

noun (masc.) ^{Yeshaya 33:21} ship (loan-word from Egyptian t’aī, according to Bondi ⁶⁶, compare Erman^{ZMG xlvi (1892), 123} D.H. Müller^{VOJ viii. 7, 165});—absolute צִי אַדִּיר Yeshaya 33:21 a majestic ship; plural צִים Bamidbar 24:24, Yechezkel 30:9 (בַּצּ׳; but Septuagint σπεύδοντες, compare Peshitta, whence Co Berthol אָצִים).

noun (masc.) ^{Yirmiya 50:39} a wild beast, proposes either desert-dweller (denom. from צִיָּה, so most), or crier, yelper (√* צוה = ضوى [yelp, Dozy], Barth^{NB 188}, compare Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 146 g, note);—in any case a specif. animal, but not certainly identif.; Bo^{Hieroz. i, lib. 3, § 14}, cp. Arabic ضَيْوَنٌ wild cat;—plural צִיִּים Yeshaya 13:21 (f. אִיִּים v Yeshaya 13:22), Yeshaya 23:13; Yeshaya 34:14 (+ אִיִּים), Yirmiya 50:39 (the same; all betokening desolation); לְעַם לְצ׳ Tehillim 74:14 (read לְעַם צ׳ Hupfeld-Nowack Baethgen); appar. of people Tehillim 72:9, but probably corrupt, Olshausen conjunction צָרִים (‖ אֹיְבָיו), and so most moderns.

and (Shmuel Beis 16:4) צִבָא₁₆ proper name (masc.) Σ(ε)ιβα: servant of Saul’s house, Shmuel Beis 9:2^(×2) + 14 times Shmuel Beis 9:9, Shmuel Beis 9:10, Shmuel Beis 9:11.

and (Breishis 10:15, Breishis 10:19; Breishis 49:3) צִידֹן proper name (place) Sîdôn, Σιδων, ancient Phoenician city, on coast N. of Tyre (in Assyrian Ṣidun(n)u, Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament^Gloss; TelAm. Ṣiduna, Phoenician צדן, Old Aramaic צידן; in Egyptian Dï-(d)u-na, WMM^{As. u. Kur. 184});—‘first-born’ of Canaan Breishis 10:15 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:13; northern limit of Canaanite Breishis 10:19, compare Breishis 49:13; defined as צ׳ רַבָּה Yehoshua 11:8 (so Yehoshua 19:28 below); also Shoftim 1:31; Shoftim 10:6 (אֱלֹהֵי צ׳), Shoftim 18:28; Melachim Alef 17:9; named with Tyre Yehoshua 19:28 (compare v Yehoshua 19:29), Shmuel Beis 24:6 (compare v Shmuel Beis 24:7), Yeshaya 23:2, Yeshaya 23:4 and בְּתוּלַת בַּת־צ׳ v Yeshaya 23:12 (compare v Yeshaya 23:5, etc.), Yirmiya 25:22; Yirmiya 27:3; Yirmiya 47:4; Yechezkel 27:8; Yechezkel 28:21, Yechezkel 28:22 (compare v Yechezkel 28:2, Yechezkel 28:12), Zecharia 9:2; Yoel 4:4.—Vid. Pietsch^{Phöniz. 54 ff.} Prutz^{Aus Phönicien (1876). 98 ff.} Robinson^{BR ii. 478 ff.} de Luynes^{Voyage à la Mer Morte i. 18 ff., and Pl. vi–xi}. Bd^{Pal. 3 (1898), 313 ff.}.

adjectivegent. of foregoing;—צ׳ Shoftim 3:3; Yechezkel 32:30; elsewhere plural צִידֹנִים Devarim 3:9 +, צִידוֹנִים Shoftim 10:12, צִדֹנִים Shoftim 18:7 + 3 times; fpl. צֵדְנִיֹּת Melachim Alef 11:1;—as noun = Sidonians, coll. c. art. Yechezkel 32:30; Shoftim 3:3; in earlier literally appar. = Phoenicians Devarim 3:9; Yehoshua 13:4, Yehoshua 13:6; Shoftim 3:3; Shoftim 10:12; Shoftim 18:7^(×2) Melachim Alef 5:20 (= Tyre v Melachim Alef 5:15), Melachim Alef 16:31 (if, [Jos^{Ant. viii, 13:1}] Ethb. was king of Tyre also), Yechezkel 32:30; also עַשְׁתֹּרֶת אֱלֹהֵי צ׳ Melachim Alef 11:5, Melachim Alef 11:33, compare Melachim Beis 23:13; named with Tyrians Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:4 Ezra 3:7.

noun (fem.) dryness, drought;—absolute צ׳ Hoshea 2:5 +; plural צִיּוֹת Tehillim 105:41;—drought Iyov 24:19 (‖ חֹם); elsewhere of land (often ‖ מִדְבָּר, עֲרָבָה, etc.): אֶרֶץ צ׳ land of drought, desert Hoshea 2:5 (simile), Yirmiya 2:6; Yirmiya 50:12 (figuratively), Yirmiya 51:43; Yeshaya 41:18; Yeshaya 53:2 (in simile), Tehillim 107:35; + צָמָא Yechezkel 19:13 (figuratively), + שְׁמָמָה Yoel 2:20, + עָיֵף Tehillim 63:2 (figuratively); צ׳ = desert Yeshaya 35:1; Tzefania 2:13; Iyov 30:3 Tehillim 78:17; plural Tehillim 105:41.

proper name (place) Σ(ε)ιων; Ṣîyyôn, Zion (Syriac ܨܶܗܝܘܿܢ, older form, according to Lagarde^{BN 84, compare 198});—צ׳ Shmuel Beis 5:7 +; צִיּו֫נָה Yirmiya 4:6;—stronghold (of Jebusites), מְצֻדַת צ׳ captured by David, and made his residence Shmuel Beis 5:7 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:5 (both + הִיא עִיר דָּוִד), on S. part of E. hill of Jerusalem, distinct from site of temple Melachim Alef 8:1 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 5:2 (both מֵעִיר ד׳ הִיא צ׳), not elsewhere in narrative, but often in poets and proph.: as name of Jerus., from political point of view (sometimes = inhabitants), Amos 6:7 (‖ הַר־שֹׁמְרוֹן), ‖ יְרוּשָׁלַםִ Micha 3:10, Micha 3:12 = Yirmiya 26:18; Yeshaya 4:3; Yeshaya 30:19; Yeshaya 40:9; Yeshaya 41:27; Yeshaya 52:1; Yeshaya 62:1; Yeshaya 64:9 Tzefania 3:16; Zecharia 1:14, Zecharia 1:17 Tehillim 51:20 and (בַּת־צ׳) Yeshaya 52:2; Micha 4:8 (‖ בַּת־יְרוּשׁ׳), Eicha 2:13 (‖ the same), also (יוֹשֶׁבֶת צ׳) Yirmiya 51:35; = Jerus. also Yeshaya 14:32; Yeshaya 33:5 +, so especially in phr. בְּנוֹת צ׳ Yeshaya 3:16, Yeshaya 3:17; Yeshaya 4:4; Shir HaShirim 3:11, בְּנֵי צ׳ Eicha 4:2; Yoel 2:23 Tehillim 149:2 (‖ יִשְׂרָאֵל), compare Zecharia 9:13, יָֽלְדָה צ׳ אֶת־בָּנֶיהָ Yeshaya 66:8, and even הַר־צ׳ Melachim Beis 19:31 = Yeshaya 37:32 (both ‖ יְרוּשׁ׳), Yeshaya 29:8 (‖ אֲרִיאֵל v Yeshaya 29:7), Ovadia 1:17, Ovadia 1:21 Tehillim 48:12 (‖ בְּנוֹת יֶהוֹדָה), Tehillim 125:1; so also הַר־בַּת צ׳ Yeshaya 16:1 and Yeshaya 10:32 Keri (Kesiv בית: ‖ גִּבְעַת־יְרוּשׁ׳); compare מְרוֹם־צ׳ Yirmiya 31:12; in following הַר־צ׳ might refer to temple-hill Yeshaya 10:12 (+ יְרוּשׁ׳), Yeshaya 31:4 (+ גִּבְעָתָהּ = יְרוּשׁ׳ v Yeshaya 31:5), Eicha 5:18; Yoel 3:5 (+ יְרוּשׁ׳); specif. of Jerus. as abode of י׳ and place of his worship Amos 1:2; Yeshaya 31:9; Zecharia 8:3; Micha 4:2 = Yeshaya 2:3; Yoel 4:16 Tehillim 102:22; Tehillim 135:21; Tehillim 147:12 (all ‖ יְרוּשׁ׳), Tehillim 76:3 (‖ שָׁלֵם); partic. of sanctuary Tehillim 20:3 (‖ קֹדֶשׁ), Tehillim 14:7 = Tehillim 53:7 +; of Jerus. הַר־צ׳ Tehillim 48:3 (‖ קִרְיַת מֶלֶךְ רָ֑ב), Tehillim 78:68 (‖ שֵׁבֶט יְהוּדָה), Yeshaya 24:23 (‖ יְרוּשׁ׳), etc.; הַרֲרֵי צ׳ in same sense †Tehillim 133:3; particularly of sanctuary Yeshaya 4:5 and (‖ הַר־קָדְשִׁי) Yoel 2:1; Yoel 4:17; צ׳ הַר־קָדְשִׁי Tehillim 2:6 is seat of king.—Vid. also בַּת־צ׳, הַר־צ׳, ישֶׁבֶת צ׳, under בַּת, הַר, יָשַׁב.

see צוה.

proper name (masc.) an overseer of Nethinim Nechemia 11:21, who are called בְּנֵי צִיחָא Ezra 2:43 = בְּנֵי צִחָא Nechemia 7:45; Σηα, Σιααυ, Σιαλ, Σουλαι, etc.

see I. [צוּץ].

n.[m.] meaning dubious; only in תְּנוּ־צִיץ לְמוֹאָב Yirmiya 48:9 usually (after AW Ra Ki and elsewhere) wings (coll.) (compare Aramaic צִיץ wing, fin, Gesenius' Thesaurus Graf and elsewhere);* compare Perles^{Anal. 46}, who reads נוֹצִיץ (wing-) feathers (as in Aramaic); Septuagint σημεια, whence Giesebrecht sing-post, reading צִיּוּן,—or נֵס,—(indicating flight).

proper name (place) in מַעֲלֵה הַצּ׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:16; ה perhaps radical, compare Wady Ḥaṣâṣâ, and plateau Ḥaṣâṣâ, N. of Engedi, Buhl^{Geogr. 97}; Septuagint Ασαε, SeptuagintL τῆς ἐξοχῆς Ασισα.

noun (fem.) tassel, lock (√ doubtful; Mishnaic Hebrew the same, so Targum צִיצִיתָא, Syriac ܨܽܘܨܺܝܬܳܐ; compare Arabic نَاصِيَةٌ hair on forehead);—צ׳ absolute Bamidbar 15:38, Bamidbar 15:39 tassel on flowing ends (כַּנְפֵי) of garments, construct צ׳ הַכָּנָף v Bamidbar 15:38 (see Kennedy^{Hast. DB ii. 69, fringes}); צ׳ רֹאשִׁי Yechezkel 8:3 lock of hair on forehead.

noun (masc.) ^{Mishlei 25:13} envoy, messenger;—צ׳ absolute Yirmiya 49:14 +, construct Mishlei 13:17; plural צִירִים Yeshaya 18:2; with suffix צִרַיִךְ Yeshaya 57:9;—envoy, from Cush Yeshaya 18:2, from apostate Isr. Yeshaya 57:9; from י׳ Yirmiya 49:14 = Ovadia 1:1; messenger in generally צִיר אֱמוּנִים Mishlei 13:17, צ׳ נֶאֱמָן Mishlei 25:13.—i. צִיר see IV. צור.

n.[m.] pivot (of door), hinge;—with suffix הַדֶּלֶת תִּסּוֹב עַל־צִירָהּ Mishlei 26:14 (in ‖ of sluggard).

n.[m.] pang (proposes writhing);—plural צִירִים Yeshaya 13:8; Yeshaya 21:3; construct צִירֵי Yeshaya 21:3; with suffix צִירַי Daniel 10:16, צִרֶיהָ Shmuel Alef 4:19;—pangs of childbirth Shmuel Alef 4:19, so (simile) Yeshaya 21:3; and, of terror, Yeshaya 13:8 (+ חֲבָלִים), Yeshaya 21:3; in generally, of physical effects of mental distress Daniel 10:16.

see III. צלל.

adjective et noun (masc.) roasted, roast;—construct (as adjective) צְלִי־אֵשׁ of flesh (בָּשָׂר) Shemos 12:8, Shemos 12:9 (opposite מְבֻשָּׁל בַּמָּ֑יִם); absolute as noun cogn. Yeshaya 44:16 see [צָלָה].

verb rush;—(Gesenius' Thesaurus and elsewhere cp. Targum צְלַח, Syriac ܨܠܰܚ, cleave, penetrate, then advance, see following);—

verb advance, prosper (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Phoenician Pi. causat. in proper name; Arabic صَلَحَ be in good condition, compare Sabean הצלח Sab Denkm ⁹³; Aramaic צְלַח, ܨܠܰܚ prosper);—

noun (fem.) jar;—צ׳ חֲדָשָׁה Melachim Beis 2:20.

see צלה.

verb tingle, quiver (Mishnaic Hebrew צִלְצֵל whirr; Arabic صَلَّ, صَلْصَلَ; Targum צְלַל; Syriac ܨܰܠ );—

n.[m.] whirring, buzzing;—construct אֶרֶץ צִלְצַל כְּנָפָ֑יִם Yeshaya 18:1 land of buzzing of (insects’) wings (so probably; other views see in Dillmann).

n.[m.] spear (from whizzing);—construct צִלְצַל דָּגִים Iyov 40:31 fish-spear, harpoon.

noun (masc.) a whirring locust (compare Assyrian ṣarṣaru, Arabic صَرْصَرٌ, Syriac ܨܺܝܨܪܳܐ, ܨܰܪܨܽܘܪܳܐ; Lagarde^{Gesenius Abh. 145, N. 9});—Devarim 28:42 (devouring; not identif.; Tr^{NHB 313}).

verb sink, be submerged (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Assyrian ṣalâlu, sink down, sink to rest, ii. launch (Haupt^{Prol. Assyrian Gratz. liii; BAS i. 127; Ball, Gen. 53}); Ethiopic ጸለለ float, compare Nestle^{Mar. x}: Aramaic צְלַל, ܨܰܠ, are filter, clarify);—

verb be or grow dark (compare Arabic ظَلَّ be black, ظِلٌّ shade; Ethiopic ጸlለለ be dark; Assyrian ṣillu, shade, ṣalâlu, Pi. roof over, so Sabean טֿלל [ii.], טלת ceiling, roof, Hom^{Chrest. 125}, compare Palmyrene תטלילא; Old Aramaic טלל overshadow, Aramaic טְלָלָא, ܛܶܠܳܠܴܐ shadow);—

noun (masc.) ^{Tehillim 144:4} shadow;—צ׳ absolute Melachim Beis 20:9 +, construct Breishis 19:8 +; with suffix צִלְּךָ Tehillim 121:5, צִלּוֹ Yechezkel 31:6 +, also צִלְלוֹ Iyov 40:22, etc.; plural צְלָלִים Shir HaShirim 2:17; Shir HaShirim 4:6; construct צִלְלֵי Yirmiya 6:4;—

proper namef. wife of Lam. Breishis 4:19, Breishis 4:22, Breishis 4:23, Σελλα.

n.[m.] death-shadow, deep shadow, poet. (probably = צֵל + מָוֶת, Septuagint (usually) σκιὰ θανάτου, compare Peshitta Vulgate, so Gesenius' Thesaurus Schwally^{Leben n. d. Tode, 194}, see especially Noldeke^{journal ZAW xvii (1897), 183 ff.}; Ewald Br and most mod. (after older comm.) read צַלְמוּת darkness, deep darkness, cp. Arabic ظَلَمَ iv, Assyrian [ṣalâmu], Ethiopic ጸልመ be black, dark);—death-shadow, compare ظُلْمَةٌ 6, often ‖ חֹשֶׁךְ, לַיְלָה, etc., and opposite בֹּקֶר, אוֹר.

Kesiv, צְלִיל Keri noun (masc.) cake, round loaf;—צ׳ לֶחֶם שְׂעֹרִים Shoftim 7:13 (compare G.F. Moore).

noun (masc.) ^{Yechezkel 16:17} image (something cut out, compare פֶּסֶל; Noldeke ‘Schnitzbild’);—צ׳ absolute Tehillim 39:7, construct Breishis 1:27 +; with suffix צַלְמוֹ v Breishis 1:27; Breishis 5:3, צַלְמֵנוּ Breishis 1:26, צַלְמָם Tehillim 73:20; plural construct צַלְמֵי Shmuel Alef 6:5^(×2) +, with suffix צְלָמָיו Melachim Beis 11:18; Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:17, צַלְמֵיכֶם Amos 5:26;—

proper name (masc.) a hero of David Shmuel Beis 23:28 (= עִילַי Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:29), (Σ)ελλω, SeptuagintL Ελιμαν.

see III. צלל.

proper name (masc.) a king of Midian, + זֶבַח, Shoftim 8:5 + 10 times Shoftim 8, Tehillim 83:12, Σελμανα, Σαλμ.

noun (fem.)(m. Melachim Alef 6:34, and appar. Shemos 26:26) rib, side;—absolute צ׳ Breishis 2:22 +, construct צֶ֫לַע Shemos 26:26 +, also צֵ֫לַע Shmuel Beis 16:13; with suffix צַלְעוֹ Shemos 25:12 +; plural צְלָעִים Melachim Alef 6:34, צְלָעוֹת v Melachim Alef 6:3 +; construct צַלְעֹת Yechezkel 41:26 +; with suffix צַלְעֹתָיו Breishis 2:21 +;—

verb limp (Arabic ظَلَعَ, Aramaic טלע Aph.);—

proper name (masc.) (Mishnaic Hebrew caper-plant );—father of a wall-builder Nechemia 3:30, Σελε(φ), etc.

proper name (masc.) of Manasseh, Bamidbar 26:33^(×2); Bamidbar 27:1, Bamidbar 27:7; Bamidbar 36:2, Bamidbar 36:6, Bamidbar 36:10, Bamidbar 36:11 Yehoshua 17:3 Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:15^(×2), Σαλπααδ, etc.

see I. צלל.

proper name (masc.) Ammonite hero of David Shmuel Beis 23:37 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:39, Ελειε, Σελ(λ)η(κ), Σαλααδ, etc.

verb be thirsty (Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew (rare); so Arabic ظَمِىَٔ, Ethiopic ጸምአ Assyrian ṣûmu, thirst, etc.);—

n.[m.] thirst;—absolute צ׳ Shemos 17:3 +, with suffix צְמָאִי Tehillim 69:22, etc.;—Shemos 17:3, Shoftim 15:18; Hoshea 2:5; Amos 8:13; Eicha 4:4; Nechemia 9:20 Tehillim 69:22; ‖ רָעָב Yeshaya 5:13 (van d. H. צָמָה), Devarim 28:48; Nechemia 9:15; Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:11; of wild asses Tehillim 104:11, of fish וְתָמֹת בַּצּ׳ Yeshaya 50:2, but read perhaps (or בַּצְּמֵאָה) וּבְהֶמְתָּם בַּצָּמֵא Gunk^{Schöpf. 98} Cheyne^Haupt. Marti (compare Yeshaya 44:3 under following); figuratively of grief of exile Yeshaya 41:17, compare אֶרֶץ צִיָּה וְצָמָא Yechezkel 19:13; c. ל, thirst for water Amos 8:11.—בַּצּ׳ Yirmiya 48:18 is probably corrupt; read perhaps לַאַרֶץ (Giesebrecht), or בֶּעָפָר.

adjective thirsty;—absolute צ׳ Yeshaya 21:14 +; fs. צְמֵאָה Devarim 29:18; plural צְמֵאִים Tehillim 107:5;—thirsty, usually + (or ‖) רָעֵב: Shmuel Beis 17:29; Mishlei 25:21 Tehillim 107:5, as noun thirsty one Yeshaya 29:8; Yeshaya 32:6; so also Yeshaya 21:14, and (figuratively of thirst for י׳’s favour) Yeshaya 55:1; צָמֵא Yeshaya 44:3 = thirsty place (Gunk^l.c. proposes צְמֵאָה); הָרָוָה אֶת־הַצְּמֵאָה Devarim 29:18 the watered (plant, herbage) with the thirsty, figuratively of entire people.

noun (masc.) ^{Melachim Alef 19:19} couple, pair;—צ׳ construct Shoftim 19:3 +; with suffix צִמְדּוֹ Yirmiya 51:23; plural צְמָדִים Melachim Alef 19:19; Melachim Beis 9:25 (but see below); construct צִמְדֵּי Yeshaya 5:10 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 93 m);—

noun (masc.) ^{Breishis 24:22} bracelet (bound on wrist);—absolute צ׳ Bamidbar 31:50; plural צְמִידִים Breishis 24:22 +,—bracelet Breishis 24:22, Breishis 24:30, Breishis 24:47, Bamidbar 31:50; in figuratively Yechezkel 16:11; Yechezkel 23:42.

n.[m.] cover, of vessel, Bamidbar 19:15.

verb sprout, spring up (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, so Targum צְמַח; Syriac ܨܡܰܚ spring or shine forth, ܨܶܡܚܳܐ shining, also sprout; Phoenician צמח posterity);—

noun (masc.) ^{Yirmiya 23:5} sprout, growth;—absolute צ׳ Hoshea 8:7 +, צֶ֑מַח Zecharia 3:8; construct צֶ֫מַח Breishis 19:25 +; with suffix צִמְחָהּ Yechezkel 17:9 +;—

see צמם.

noun (masc.) doubtful word, usually snare, trap (from ‖ פַּח Iyov 18:9);—וְשָׁאַף צ׳ חֵילָם Iyov 5:5 and a snare snappeth at their wealth (so Budde Bev^{JPhil. xxvi, 304 f.}; old versions Dillmann Duhm and most mod. צְמֵאִים, or צָמֵא, the thirsty, sometimes with change of וְשָׁאַף); Iyov 18:9 (‖ פַּח; Cheyne^{JQ ix (1897), 578} צִירִים pangs, compare Yeshaya 13:8).

noun (masc.) Yechezkel 44:17 wool;—absolute צ׳ Yeshaya 1:18, צָ֑מֶר Vayikra 13:48; construct צֶ֫מֶר Yechezkel 27:18 (see below); with suffix צַמְרִי Hoshea 2:7, Hoshea 2:11;—wool (usually c. פִּשְׁתִּי(ם) flax, linen): in natural state גִּזַּת הַצּ׳ Shoftim 6:37, אֵילִים צ׳ Melachim Beis 3:4 (but construct difficult, and צ׳ perhaps gloss); Hoshea 2:7, Hoshea 2:11 (as gift of value); white Yeshaya 1:18 (simile; ‖ שֶׁלֶג), simile of snow Tehillim 147:16 (from white flakes); white (?) wool as merchandise Yechezkel 27:18 (צ׳ צָ֑חַר, but on text see צַּ֫חַר), Mishlei 31:13; prey of moth Yeshaya 51:8 (simile); made up into garments Devarim 22:11, בֶּגֶד צ׳ Vayikra 13:47, Vayikra 13:59 compare v Vayikra 13:48, Vayikra 13:52; בֶּגֶד om. Yechezkel 34:3; Yechezkel 44:17.

noun (fem.) tree-top (poss. from woolly, feathery, appearance);—צ׳ construct, of cedar (in figuratively) Yechezkel 17:3, Yechezkel 17:22, so with suffix צַמַּרְתּוֹ Yechezkel 31:3, Yechezkel 31:10; of tall trees in generally, צַמַּרְתָּם v Yechezkel 31:14.

proper name (place) Σ(ε)ιν; name of wilderness S. of Canaan, where lay Kadesh Barnea, c. ה location צִ֫נָה Bamidbar 34:4 (where Lagarde^{BN 47} חצן), Yehoshua 15:3 (van d. H. צִ֫נָּה in Jos); elsewhere מִדְבַּר־צִן Bamidbar 13:21; Bamidbar 20:1; Bamidbar 27:14^(×2); Bamidbar 33:36; Bamidbar 34:3 Devarim 32:51; Yehoshua 15:1 (all P).

i, ii, iii. צִנָּה, see I, II, III. צנן.

[צֹנֶא] [noun (masc.)] flocks (‖ form of צֹאן q.see);—absolute צֹנֶה Tehillim 8:8; with suffix צֹנַאֲכֶם Bamidbar 32:24.

noun (fem.) appar. hook, or barb (of fishing-spear?);—plural צִנּוֹת Amos 4:2 (‖ סִירוֹת דּוּגָה).

noun (fem.) coolness;—construct צִנַּת־שֶׁלֶג Mishlei 25:13 coolness of snow (צינת רוח צפון Ecclus Ben Sira 43:20).

noun (fem.) large shield (covering whole body);—absolute צ׳ Shmuel Alef 17:7 +; plural צִנּוֹת Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:12;—shield, larger than מָגֵן Melachim Alef 10:16^(×2) (compare v Melachim Alef 10:17) = Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:15^(×2); נֹשֵׂא (הַ)צִנָּה Shmuel Alef 17:7, Shmuel Alef 17:41 (הָאִישׁ נ׳ הַצּ׳), Divrei HaYamim Beis 14:7, נֹשְׂאֵי צ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:25 (van d. H. v Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:24); עִרְכוּ מָגֵן וְצִנָּה Yirmiya 46:3, compare עֹרְכֵי צ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:9 (van d. H. v Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:8); אֹחֵז רֹמַח וְצ׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:5; הַחֲזֵק מָגֵן וְצ׳ Tehillim 35:2; הֵקִים עָלַיִךְ צ׳ Yechezkel 26:8; + מָגֵן also Yechezkel 23:24; Yechezkel 38:4; Yechezkel 39:9; צ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:35 (van d. H. v Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:34) Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:12; simile of י׳’s favour Tehillim 5:13; figuratively of י׳’s faithfulness Tehillim 91:4.

noun (fem.) jar, or like receptacle (so old versions and context; perhaps from above √; > basket = Targum Talm. צִנָּא);—Shemos 16:33.

see צַאֲנָן.

noun (masc.) ^{Zecharia 3:5} turban;—absolute צ׳ Zecharia 3:5^(×2) (for h. priest) and (figuratively of righteousness) Iyov 29:14; construct צְנִיף מְלוּכָה Yeshaya 62:3 Keri royal turban (Kesiv צנוף); plural הַצְּנִיפוֹת Yeshaya 3:23 (of women’s turbans).

noun (fem.) winding;—Yeshaya 22:18, see [צנף].

noun (masc.)plural construct pipes feeding lamps with oil Zecharia 4:12 (in vision) (formation by inserting ת according to Böttcher's Hebrew Grammar § 300 b Konig^{ii 1, 201}).

verb step, march (Mishnaic Hebrew the same (rare); Arabic صَعِدَ ascend);—

noun (masc.)^{Shmuel Beis 6:13} step, pace;—absolute צָ֑עַד Mishlei 30:29; with suffix צַעֲדוֹ Yirmiya 10:3; Mishlei 16:9, etc.; plural construct צַעֲדֵי Iyov 18:7; with suffix צְעָדַי Iyov 31:4, etc.;—

noun (fem.) marching;—קוֹל צ׳ Shmuel Beis 5:24 the sound of marching = Divrei HaYamim Alef 14:15.

noun (fem.) armlet, band clasping upper arm (so Siegfried-Stade and elsewhere; most step-chain, from I. צעד);—plural הַצְּעָדוֹת Yeshaya 3:20 (ladies’ finery); read הַצּ׳ also Melachim Beis 11:12 (for Masoretic Text הָעֵדוּת) Wellhausen^{Bl. Einl. 4, 258 = Comp. (2), 361} Kmp Siegfried-Stade Kittel Benzinger.

verb stoop, bend, incline (Arabic صَغَا (و, ى) incline, lean, compare also صَغِىَ );—

proper name (place) Τανις: Tanis, in Egypt (Egyptian D̲aʿnĕ(t) Steind^{BAS 600}, in Assyrian Ṣiʾinu, Saʾanu Ib^{the same 598 ff.} Delitzsch^{Pa 315}); it was built 7 years after Hebron according to Bamidbar 13:22; Yeshaya 19:11, Yeshaya 19:13; Yeshaya 30:4; Yechezkel 30:14 Tehillim 78:12, Tehillim 78:43; mod. Ṣân, in NW. part of Delta; see also Eb^{GS 512 ff.} Bd.^{Lower Egyptian 3 (1895), 228} Petrie^{Tanis (1885)}.

proper name (place) only c. בְּ, pointed as preposition, and so most (but ב perhaps radical, see G.F. Moore); on border of Naphtali, near Ḳedesh;—בְּצ׳ Yehoshua 19:33 (Βεσεμεειν, Σεενανειμ, etc.) + Shoftim 4:11 Keri (Kesiv בצענים), Septuagint πλεονεκτούντων (√ בָּצַע), ἀναπαυομένων.

see צוע.

verb cry, cry out, call (‖זָעַק; Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic صَعَقَ, perhaps orig. sound as thunder, compare صَاعِقَةٌ thunderbolt, صَعِقَ bellow (of bull));—

noun (fem.) cry, outcry (older form of זְעָקָה);—absolute צ׳ Breishis 27:34 +; construct צַעֲקַת Shemos 3:9 +; with suffix צַעֲקָתוֹ Shmuel Alef 9:16 +, etc.;—

proper name (place) Zoar (understood as insignificance, compare Breishis 19:20);—Σηγωρ, SeptuagintL Σιγωρ, but Breishis 13:10 Yirmiya 48:34 Ζογορ(α); on Septuagint compare furhter Lagarde^{BN 54 f.}: city at SE. end of Dead Sea, צֹעַר Breishis 13:10; Breishis 14:2, Breishis 14:8 (both = בֶּלַע), Devarim 34:3; Yeshaya 15:5; Yirmiya 48:34; צוֹעַר Breishis 19:22, Breishis 19:30^(×2); c. ה location, צֹ֫עֲרָה v Breishis 19:23 + Yirmiya 48:4 (for Masoretic Text צעוריה), Septuagint Ζογορα, JDMich Ewald Graf Giesebrecht and elsewhere—compare Buhl^{Geogr. 271. 274} G.A. Smith^{Geogr. 506 f. 678 (App.)}.

adjective little, insignificant, young;—absolute צָעִיר Breishis 25:23 +; f. צְעִירָה Breishis 19:31 +; צְעִרָה Shmuel Alef 9:21; mpl. צְעִירִים Iyov 30:1; with suffix צְעִירֶיהָ Yirmiya 48:4 Keri (Kesiv צעוריה; but see צֹעַר); צְעִירֵיהֶם Yirmiya 14:3 (Kesiv צעוריהם), etc.;—

proper name (place) probably on border of Edom, צָעִ֫ירָה Melachim Beis 8:21, εἰς Σειωρ (SeptuagintL ἐκ Σιωρ).

proper name (masc.) Σωγαρ, in Issachar (little one);—always in נְתַנְאֵל בֶּן־צ׳ Bamidbar 1:8; Bamidbar 2:5; Bamidbar 7:18, Bamidbar 7:23; Bamidbar 10:15.

verb draw together, contract (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, trans.; Arabic صَفَدَ bind fast, shackle, compare Noldeke^{Marti's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 46} who cp. Mand. סאפטים fetters);—

Yechezkel 32:6 see צוף.

verb look out or about, spy, keep watch (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Pi. hope; Ethiopic ሰፈወ: iii. 2 hope);—

proper name (masc.) Σωφαρ: in Edom (? gaze, gazing);—צְפוֹ Breishis 36:11, Breishis 36:15 + v Breishis 36:43 (ins. probably after עירם; compare Lagarde^{Sept. Stud. ii. 10, 1, 178; 37, 1, 270} Nestle^{Mar. 12}) = צְפִי Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:36.

proper name (masc.) Σαφων: son of Gad (? gaze);—Breishis 46:16, = צְפוֹן Bamidbar 26:15 (see בַּעַל צ׳).

verb lay out, lay over (Mishnaic Hebrew Pi. = Biblical Hebrew);—

n.[m.] metal plating;—of idols Yeshaya 30:22, capitals Shemos 38:17, Shemos 38:19, altar Bamidbar 17:3, Bamidbar 17:4.

noun (fem.) jar, jug, of flat or broad shape;—absolute צַפּ֑חַתּ Melachim Alef 17:12; construct צַפַּחַת Shmuel Alef 26:11 +;—jar or jug for water Shmuel Alef 26:11, Shmuel Alef 26:12, Shmuel Alef 26:16; Melachim Alef 19:6; for oil Melachim Alef 17:12, Melachim Alef 17:14, Melachim Alef 17:16 (on masculine verb חָסֵר see Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 317 c, but probably read חָסֵ֑רָה Siegfried-Stade Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 89}, compare v Melachim Alef 17:14).

proper name (masc.) in Asher, Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:35, צוֹפָ֑ח v Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:36, Σωχαθ, Σωφας[ρ], SeptuagintL Σουφα.

see I. צפה.

verb hide, treasure up (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; TelAm. ṣapânu; set, of sun);—

noun (fem.) Yeshaya 43:6 north (as the hidden, dark; compare Gesenius' Thesaurus Lewy^{Fremdw. 188 f.}; perhaps Phoenician צפל north);—absolute צ׳ Yirmiya 25:26 +, צָפֹ֫נָה northward Breishis 13:14 +, oftener צָפ֫וֹנָה Yirmiya 3:12 +, also צָפ֫וֹנָה = צָפוֹן Yirmiya 1:13 + (after preps. and st. construct; compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 90 e); construct מִצְּפוֹן לְ Yehoshua 8:11 +, also מִצְּפוֹן Yehoshua 19:14 Gi (compare Benn; van d. H. Baer מִצָּ׳), מִצְּפ֫וֹנָה לְ Shoftim 21:19; (צ׳ occurs oftenest in Ez [46 times], Jos [25 times], Je [25 times], Dn [9 times]);—north (opposite S., E., W.) Breishis 13:14; Breishis 28:14 (both J), Shemos 27:11, +; פְּאַת צ׳ north side Shemos 26:20 Yehoshua 15:5 + (see פֵּאָה); so צֶלַע צ׳ Shemos 26:35, רוּחַ הַצּ׳ Yechezkel 42:17, compare עַל־יֶרֶךְ הַמִּזְבֵּחַ צָפ֫וֹנָה Melachim Beis 16:14; גְּבוּל צ׳ Bamidbar 34:7, Bamidbar 34:9 north boundary; יַרְכְּתֵי צ׳ remote parts of north Yeshaya 14:13 (as divine abode), Yechezkel 38:6, Yechezkel 38:15 + (see [יַרְכָה]); שַׁעַר הַצּ׳ Yechezkel 40:35 +, פֶּתַח צ׳ Yechezkel 42:2; רוּחַ צ׳ Mishlei 25:23 north wind, and so צ׳ alone Shir HaShirim 4:16; toward the north is צָפ֫וֹנָה Yehoshua 13:3 + (see also above), and אֶל־צָפוֹן Koheles 1:6, אֶל־הַצּ׳ Yechezkel 42:1, אֶל־הַצָּפ֫וֹנָה Yechezkel 8:14, לַצָּפוֹן Yechezkel 40:23, דֶּרֶךְ הַצָּפוֹן v Yechezkel 42:20, ד׳ צָפ֫וֹנָה Yechezkel 8:5^(×2) +, etc.; especially (in Je Ez etc.) of quarter whence invaders were to come, for example Assyrian Yeshaya 14:31, compare Tzefania 2:13, Babylonians Yirmiya 6:1, Yirmiya 6:22; Yirmiya 15:12; Yirmiya 46:20, Yirmiya 46:24 (עַם־צ׳), Yirmiya 47:2, Yechezkel 26:7, Cyrus against Babylonian Yeshaya 41:25, compare Yirmiya 50:3, Yirmiya 50:9, Yirmiya 50:41; Yirmiya 51:48; more vaguely, Yirmiya 1:14, Yirmiya 1:15 (מַמְלְכוֹת צ׳), Yirmiya 4:6; Yirmiya 10:22; Yirmiya 13:20; Yirmiya 25:9, Yirmiya 25:26 (מַלְכֵי הַצּ׳); of Gog’s host Yechezkel 38:6, Yechezkel 38:15; Yechezkel 39:2; נְסִיכֵי צ׳ Yechezkel 32:30 (appar. of nearer [Aramæan?] princes); אֶרֶץ צ׳ Yirmiya 31:8 is region of Carchemish, but Zecharia 2:10; Zecharia 6:6, Zecharia 6:8^(×2) of Babylon; מֵאֶרֶץ צ׳ (sometimes + other countries) the exiles and dispersed are to return Yirmiya 3:18; Yirmiya 16:15 = Yirmiya 23:8; Yirmiya 31:8, compare Yeshaya 43:6; Yeshaya 49:12; מֶלֶךְ הַצּ׳ Daniel 11:6, Daniel 11:7, Daniel 11:8, Daniel 11:11, Daniel 11:13, Daniel 11:15, Daniel 11:40 denotes successive Seleucidae.

proper name (place) on E. bank of Jordan, in tribe of Gad, צ׳ Yehoshua 13:27 (Σαφαν[ων]), צָפ֫וֹנָה Shoftim 12:1 (βοῤῥᾶν, SeptuagintL Σεφηνα); according to Talm. = mod. Amateh, N. of Jabbok, G.F. Moore Buhl^{Geogr. 259} (who doubts); Ṣapuna appears TelAm Winckler^{Noldeke. 174}.

proper name (masc.) (< vocaliz. Ṣapnĕtĕph ʿōnḫ, that is the god speaks and he lives, Egyptian D̲(d)-pnt(r)-ĕf-ʿnḫ, see Steind^{ÄZ 1889, 41 f.; 1892, 50 ff.}, so Eb^{Smith DB (2), 1798 b} Brugsch, see Driver^{Hast. ii. 775 a n. §}, Crum^{ib. i. 665 b} Griffith^{ib. iii. 819 b});—Egyptian name given to Joseph Breishis 41:45, Ψονθομφανηχ, SeptuagintL Ψομ´.

noun (masc.) a (poisonous) serpent (from hissing?);—Yeshaya 14:29; usually taken as = following.

noun (masc.) the same;—absolute צ׳ Yeshaya 11:8 (‖ פָּ֑תֶן), בֵּיצֵי צ׳ Yeshaya 59:5; כְּצִפְעֹנִי Mishlei 23:32 (simile; ‖ נָחָשׁ); plural צִפְעֹנִים Yirmiya 8:17 (app. נְחָשִׁים); identif. doubtful; TristrNHB ²⁷⁵ (‘poss.’) daboia xanthina, a venomous viper, but vipers do not lay eggs Furrer^{Ri HWB 2, 1423}; Further proposes ailurophis vivax.

noun (fem.) a kind of willow (? onomatop., from rustling; Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic صَفْصَافٌ );—Yechezkel 17:5.

noun (fem.) Amos 3:5 (m. Tehillim 102:8, compare Konig^{Synt.§ 252 a}, so Tehillim 104:17, yet compare Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 71}), bird;—absolute צִפּוֹר Hoshea 11:11 + 15 times, צִפֹּר Breishis 15:10 + 11 times, construct צִפּוֹר Devarim 4:17 + 5 times, צִפֹּר Tehillim 8:9; plural צִפֳּרִים Vayikra 14:4 + 5 times;—

proper name (masc.) father of Balak, king of Moab (bird; perhaps specif. sparrow, compare Gray^{Prop. N. 94}; Palmyrene proper name (masc.) צפרא);—צ׳ Bamidbar 22:2, Bamidbar 22:4, Bamidbar 22:16; Yehoshua 24:9; Shoftim 11:25, צִפֹּר Bamidbar 22:10; Bamidbar 23:18; Σεπφωρ.

proper namef. wife of Moses (bird);—Shemos 2:21; Shemos 4:25; Shemos 18:2; Σεπφωρα (compare Lagarde^{BN 90 Anm.*}).

noun (masc.) he-goat (late);—absolute צ׳ Daniel 8:5, Daniel 8:21; construct צְפִיר הָעִזִּים v Daniel 8:5, Daniel 8:8 (all in vision, symbol. of Alex.); plural construct (literally) צְפִירֵי עִזִּים Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:21, צְפִירֵי חַטָּאת Ezra 8:35 he-goats for a sin-offering.

and (Iyov 2:11) צוֹפַר proper name (masc.) Job’s third friend, צ׳ הַנַּעֲמָתִי Iyov 2:11; Iyov 11:1; Iyov 20:1; Iyov 42:9; Σωφαρ.

proper name (place) Σεφεκ[ρ]: Canaanite city Shoftim 1:17 = חָרְמָה q.see; identif. by many (see especially Palmer ^{Desert of Exod. 374 ff.}) with Sebaita (c. Lat. 30° 54ˊ N., Long. 34° 40ˊ E.), by Robinson^{BR ii. 181} with pass eṣ-Ṣŭfâh, further E.; against both see G.F. Moore

proper name (place) in Judah (van d. H. צְפָתָה, so Kittel); בְּגֵיא צ׳ לְמָרֵשָׁה Divrei HaYamim Beis 14:9; Septuagint κατὰ βορρᾶν, whence Hitzig and elsewhere proposes צָפֹנָה, so Buhl^Lex.

and (Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:1, Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:21 צִיק׳) proper name (place) (צִֽקְלָ֑ג Shmuel Alef 27:6 a +, צִֽקְלָג֖ Shmuel Beis 2:1, צִיקְלָ֔ג Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:1);—assigned to Judah Yehoshua 15:31, to Simeon Yehoshua 19:5; Philistine city given to David Shmuel Alef 27:6^(×2); Shmuel Alef 30:1^(×3), Shmuel Alef 30:14, Shmuel Alef 30:26; Shmuel Beis 1:1; Shmuel Beis 4:10; Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:30; Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:1, Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:21 (van d. H. v Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:20); Σεκελακ, Σικελαγ, etc.; usually identified with Zuheilikah, 19 miles SW. from Bêt Jibrin, 11 miles ESE. from Gaza (compare Buhl^{Geogr. 185}).

ii. צֹר see I, II, III. צרר.

proper name (place) in Naphtali, Yehoshua 19:35; Τυρος.

proper name (place) Τυρος: Tyre, famous Phoenician city (Phoenician צר; Assyrian Ṣurru, so TelAm; Egyptian Ḏa-(ï̥)rạ, Ḏa-ru̥ WMM^{As. u. Eur. 185});—צֹר Shmuel Beis 24:7 + 32 times, צוֹר Melachim Alef 5:15 + 8 times (Gi);—city of Hiram, friend of David and Sol. Shmuel Beis 5:11; Melachim Alef 5:15; Melachim Alef 9:11, Melachim Alef 9:12; Divrei HaYamim Alef 14:1; Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:2, Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:10; of artif. Hiram Melachim Alef 7:13; בַּת־צֹר Tehillim 45:13 of city personif. (another view in Cheyne); צ׳ also in name of Phoenician fortress, מִבְצַר־צ׳ Shmuel Beis 24:7, עִיר מ׳ צ׳ Yehoshua 19:29; threatened by proph. Amos 1:9, Amos 1:10 and (with especially ref. to commercial greatness) Yeshaya 23:1 (מַשָּׂא צֹר), v Yeshaya 23:5, Yeshaya 23:8, Yeshaya 23:15^(×2), Yeshaya 23:17 Yirmiya 25:22 (מַלְכֵי־צֹר), Yirmiya 27:3 (מֶלֶךְ צֹר), Yirmiya 47:4 Yechezkel 26:2, Yechezkel 26:3, Yechezkel 26:4, Yechezkel 26:7, Yechezkel 26:15; Yechezkel 27:2, Yechezkel 27:3^(×2), Yechezkel 27:8, Yechezkel 27:32; Yechezkel 28:2 (נְגִיד צֹר), v Yechezkel 28:12 (מֶלֶךְ צוֹר); besieged by Nebuch. Yechezkel 29:18, Yechezkel 29:18; compare Zecharia 9:2, Zecharia 9:3; Yehoshua 4:4 Tehillim 83:8 (ישְׁבֵי צ׳); of Tyrians as proselytes Tehillim 87:4 (predict.);—לְצוֹר Hoshea 9:13 is probably corrupt, read לָצוּד or לָצַיִד Septuagint Wellhausen G.A. Smith, compare Nowack.—צ׳ often + צִידוֹן q.see;—see, on Tyre, Pietschm^{Phön. 60 ff.} Robinson^{BR ii. 461 ff.} de Luynes^{Voyage à la Mer Morte (1874) i. 28 ff., and Pl. xiii–xviii} Bd^{Pal. 3 (1898), 307 ff.}—ii. צֹר (flint, knife) see III. צרר.

adjectivegent. Tyrian;—אִישׁ צ׳ Melachim Alef 7:14 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:13; plural as noun הַצֹּרִים the Tyrians Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:4; Ezra 3:7 (both + הַצִּידֹנִים), Nechemia 13:16.

adjective burning, scorching (= *צַדָּב Gesenius' Thesaurus and elsewhere);—כְּאֵשׁ צָרָ֑בֶת Mishlei 16:27 (simile of words).

noun (fem.) scab, scar, of a sore (literally a burning, scorching);—construct צָרֶבֶת הַשְּׁחִין הִוא Vayikra 13:23; צ׳ הַמִּכְוָה הִוא v Vayikra 13:28.

proper name (place) home of Jerob. Melachim Alef 11:26, Σαρειρα, A Σαριδα; see [צְרֵרָה] צָֽרְתָן.

see I, II. צרר.

(Breishis 37:25) (וּ)צְרִי, צֹ֑רִי Yechezkel 27:17 n.[m.] a kind of balsam, as merchandise Breishis 37:25, gift Breishis 43:11, medicament Yirmiya 8:22; Yirmiya 46:11; Yirmiya 51:8 (for national disaster, in figuratively);—ThDyer-M’Lean in Ency. Bib.^Balm think a resin, like (not necess. =) gum of mastic-tree, pistacia lentiscus (otherwise Post^{Hastings DB}).

proper name (masc.) a musician, Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:3 (Σ)ουρ(ε)ι, = יִצְרִי (q.see) v Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:11 (Ιεσδρει, SeptuagintL Ασειρηλα).

proper namef. Σαρουια: mother of Abishai, Joab and Asahel;—צ׳ Shmuel Alef 26:6 +, צְרֻיָה Shmuel Beis 14:1; Shmuel Beis 16:10; Shmuel Beis 23:37;—according to Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:16 a she was David’s sister; called אֵם יוֹאָב Shmuel Beis 17:25; elsewhere after construct בֶּן־ (בְּנֵי): בֶּן־צ׳ of Abishai Shmuel Alef 26:6; Shmuel Beis 16:9; Shmuel Beis 18:2; Shmuel Beis 19:22; Shmuel Beis 21:17; Divrei HaYamim Alef 18:12; of Joab Shmuel Beis 2:13; Shmuel Beis 8:16 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 18:15; Shmuel Beis 14:1; Shmuel Beis 23:18 and v Shmuel Beis 23:37 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:39; Melachim Alef 1:7; Melachim Alef 2:5, Melachim Alef 2:22; Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:6; Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:28; Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:24; plural of all three Shmuel Beis 2:18; Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:16; Abishai and Joab Shmuel Beis 3:39; Shmuel Beis 16:10; Shmuel Beis 19:23.

verb cry, roar (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, cry (of raven); Assyrian ṣarâḫu, cry aloud, Arabic صَرَخَ, Ethiopic ጸርኀ: Targum צְרַח Aph. (of bear), Syriac ܨܪܰܚ especially Aph. and deriv.);—

n.[m.] perhaps excavation, underground chamber;—צ׳ absolute Shoftim 9:49, construct v Shoftim 9:46; plural צְרִחִים Shmuel Alef 13:6;—used as hiding-places Shmuel Alef 13:6 (+ מְעָרוֹת, חֲוָחִים, סְלָעִים, בֹּרוֹת); as refuge Shoftim 9:46 (where connected with shrine), v Shoftim 9:49 (old versions stronghold; on uncertainty of meaning see G.F. Moore).

see I. צֹר.

see צרה.

noun (fem.) leprosy;—absolute צ׳ Devarim 24:8 +, צָרָ֑עַת Vayikra 13:2 +; construct צָרַ֫עַת Melachim Beis 5:27 +; with suffix צָרַעְתּוֹ Melachim Beis 5:3, Melachim Beis 5:6, Melachim Beis 5:7;—leprosy Melachim Beis 5:3, Melachim Beis 5:6, Melachim Beis 5:7, Melachim Beis 5:27; Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:19; elsewhere only in laws: נֶגַע צ׳ Devarim 24:8, and Vayikra 13, Vayikra 14 (P; 29 times): תּוֹרַת הַצּ׳ Vayikra 14:57; specif. of

noun (fem.) mother of Jeroboam Melachim Alef 11:26, Septuagint (Alexandrinus) Σαρουα.

proper name (place) Σαραα, etc. (compare also Lagarde^{BN 85}), in the Shephelah of Judah (TelAm. Ṣarḫa, named with Aialuna, Ajalon);—Yehoshua 15:33, but assigned to Yehoshua 19:41; Shoftim 13:2, Shoftim 13:25; Shoftim 16:31; Shoftim 18:2, Shoftim 18:8, Shoftim 18:11; Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:10 Nechemia 11:29; mod. Ṣarʿa, 15 miles W. from Jerus., compare G.A. Smith^{Geogr. 218} Buhl^{Geogr. 195}.

verb smelt, refine, test (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Phoenician מצרף smelter: Assyrian ṣurrupu, refined, ṣarpu, silver, naṣraptu, crucible; Arabic صِرْفٌ is pure, unmixed (especially of wine);* very doubtful is Sabean צדף silver, money, compare Mordtm^{Him. Inschr. pp. 14, 29} CIS ^{iv, Noldeke. 291, l. 1});—

proper name (place) Σαρεπτα: on coast S. of Sidon (? smelting-place; on strange form compare Lagarde^{BN 84}; Assyrian Ṣariptu Delitzsch^{Pa 284} Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament Melachim Alef 17, Melachim Alef 9; Egyptian Ḏa-ï̥ra-pu-ti̥ WMM^{As. u. Eur. 184});—צ׳ Ovadia 1:20; צָֽרְפָ֫תָה Melachim Alef 17:9, Melachim Alef 17:10 (so Gi; -פַ֫תָה van d. H. Baer); mod. Ṣarfend Robinson^{BR ii. 474 ff.} Pietschm^{Phön. 58 f.}.

verb bind, tie up, be restricted, narrow, scant, cramped (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic صَرَّ bind, tie up; so Aramaic צְרַר, ܨܰܪ );—

adjective narrow, tight;—absolute צ׳ Melachim Beis 6:1 +; צָ֑ר Bamidbar 22:26 +; f. צָרָה Mishlei 23:27;—narrow, מָקוֹם צָ֑ר Bamidbar 22:26, צַר מִמֶּנּוּ Melachim Beis 6:1 too narrow for us, compare צַר־לִי הַמָּקוֹם Yeshaya 49:20 (of land of Judah after exile); בְּאֵר צָרָה Mishlei 23:27 (figuratively of harlot; that is rescue difficult; ‖ שׁוּחָה עֲמֻקָּה); כַּנָּהָר צָר Yeshaya 59:19 like a contracted (and hence swift, powerful) river (simile of י׳; Klostermann נְהַר מָצוֹר, Cheyne^Haupt. נ׳ מִצֹּר, both ‘of Egypt’); סָגוּר חוֹתָם צָ֑ר Iyov 41:7 (of scaly back of crocodile), usually closely joined (as) with tight seal (Septuagint Me Bi Hoffmann Budde Duhm חוֹתַם צֹד with seal of flint, but why specify material?); בְּיוֹם צָרָה צַר כֹּחֶ֑כָה Mishlei 24:10 thy strength will be narrow, limited (si vera l., compare Toy).

n.[m.] straits, distress;—absolute צ׳ Iyov 15:24 +, also c. art. בַּצַּר Hoshea 5:15 +, צָ֑ר Tehillim 4:2 +;—straits, distress Yeshaya 5:30; Iyov 15:24 Tehillim 32:7; Tehillim 60:13 Tehillim 108:13 צַר־וּמָצוֹק Tehillim 119:143; עֵת־צ׳ Iyov 38:23, compare בַּצַּר Yeshaya 26:16, בַּצָּ֑ר Tehillim 4:2; צ׳־רוּהִי Iyov 7:11 distress of my spirit; לֶחֶם צַר Yeshaya 30:20; לֹא צָ֗ר Yeshaya 63:9 usually he (י׳) had distress (reading לִוֹ Keri), but Septuagint οὐ πρέσβυς, Duhm Cheyne^Haupt. and elsewhere לֹא צִר, no messenger (but) his own face, etc.; compare Iyov 36:16, Iyov 36:19. Instead of with suffix directly appended, ל with suffix is used (only after ב): בַּצַּר־לִי in my distress Tehillim 18:7 = Shmuel Beis 22:7, Tehillim 66:14, so בְּיוֹם צַר(־)לִי Tehillim 59:17; Tehillim 102:3; בַּצַּר לְךָ Devarim 4:30 (probably orig. meant as בְּצַר, or בְּצֹר [inf.], Driver; so) בַּצַּר־לוֹ Yeshaya 25:4; Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:4, בַּצַּר לָהֶם Hoshea 5:15 Tehillim 107:6, Tehillim 107:13, Tehillim 107:19, Tehillim 107:28, also (after רָאָה) Tehillim 106:44—צַר Shmuel Alef 2:32 is corrupt. III. צַר see II. צָרַר.

noun (fem.) the same;—absolute צ׳ Shmuel Alef 26:24 +, צָרָ֫תָה Tehillim 120:1 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 90 g); construct צָרַת Breishis 42:21; with suffix צָרָתִי Breishis 35:3 +, צָרַתְכֶם Shoftim 10:14, etc.; plural צָרוֹת absolute Yeshaya 65:16 +; with suffix צָרֹתֵיכֶם Shmuel Alef 10:19, etc.;—straits, distress, Breishis 42:21; Shmuel Alef 26:24; Shmuel Beis 4:9; Melachim Alef 1:29; Yeshaya 8:22; Iyov 5:19; Iyov 27:9; especially ψψ (24 times), for example Tehillim 22:12; Tehillim 25:17 (see רחב), v Tehillim 25:22 Tehillim 31:8; Tehillim 34:17, Tehillim 34:18; specif. of travail, צָרָה וַחֲבָלִים Yirmiya 49:24 (simile), compare Yirmiya 4:31 (Giesebrecht צְוָחָה, after Septuagint); צָרַת נַפְשׁוֹ Breishis 42:21; בְּיוֹם צָרָתִי Breishis 35:3, Tehillim 77:3; Tehillim 86:7, compare Melachim Beis 19:3 = Yeshaya 37:3, Tehillim 20:2; Tehillim 50:15 Mishlei 24:10; Mishlei 25:19; Yirmiya 16:19; Ovadia 1:12, Ovadia 1:14; Nachum 1:7; Chavakuk 3:16, יוֹם צ׳ וּמְצוּקָה Tzefania 1:15; בְּעֵת־צָרַתְכֶם Shoftim 10:14, compare Nechemia 9:27 Tehillim 37:39 Yeshaya 33:2 Yirmiya 14:8; Yirmiya 15:11; Yirmiya 30:7; Daniel 12:1; also בַּצָּרָה Tehillim 81:8, בְּצָרָה Tehillim 91:15 Nechemia 9:37, בְּצָרוֹת Tehillim 46:2, etc.; רָעוֹת וְצָרוֹת Devarim 31:17, Devarim 31:21 compare Shmuel Alef 10:19 Tehillim 71:20, צָרָה וְצוּקָה Mishlei 1:27, אֶרֶץ צ׳ וְצ׳ Yeshaya 30:6; c. ל (poet.), בַּצָּרָ֫תָה לִי Tehillim 120:1 in my distress, מִצָּרָה לִי Yonah 2:3.—צָרָה Zecharia 10:11, read מִצְרַיִם [or מָצוֹר] Wellhausen Nowack G.A. Smith; צֹ֫רָה Klostermann^{ThLZ, 1879, 566} Stade^{journal ZAW i (1881), 22}; Tehillim 9:10; Tehillim 10:1 see בַּצָּרָה.

noun (masc.) ^{Chaggai 1:6} bundle, parcel, pouch, bag (proposes a binding, that is sthg. bound up);—צ׳ absolute Amos 9:9 +, construct Breishis 42:35 +; plural construct צְרֹרוֹת v Breishis 42:35;—bundle or pouch (purse) of money Breishis 42:35^(×2), Mishlei 7:20; צ׳ הַמֹּר Shir HaShirim 1:13 (figuratively of lover); צְרוּרָה בִּצ׳ הַחַיִּים Shmuel Alef 25:29 (figuratively; see I. צרר); חָתֻם בִּצ׳ פִּשְׁעִי Iyov 14:17 (that is hidden, forgotten Hitzig Budde and elsewhere; > and elsewhere treasured up), צ׳ נָקוּב Chaggai 1:6 (see I. נקב).

verb shew hostility toward, vex (Mishnaic Hebrew צַר foe; Arabic ضَرَّ harm, damage, Sabean צֿר war, foe Mordtm^{Him. Inschr. 60. 71} SabDenkm ²⁴ CIS ^{iv. 174, 1. 6} Hom^{Chrest. 125}; Ethiopic ፀረረ be hostile, in der. spec. and deriv.; Assyrian ṣarâru, be hostile, ṣarru, foe; Arabic ضَرَّةٌ, Assyrian ṣirritu, Syriac ܥܰܪܬܳܐ, all = rival-wife, so (? Hebrew infl.) Targum צָרָא Shmuel Alef 1:6; see especially Lagarde ^{Deceased Wife’s Sister, GGN, 1882, Noldeke. 13; = Mi. 125 ff.} Driver Shmuel Alef 1:6);—