BDB — ח (525)

חַד (Aramaic)

adjective one, a;—ms. ח׳ Daniel 2:31 +; fs. חֲדָה Ezra 4:8 +;—

one side Daniel 7:5; n. om. Daniel 6:3; חֲדָה Daniel 2:9 = one and invariable (inevitable); כַּחֲדָה v Daniel 2:35 as one, altogether (so S-C^{K 3} Targum, and late Biblical Hebrew כְּאֶחָד Ezra 2:64 +); = ordinal, שְׁנַת חֲדָה first year Ezra 7:1; Ezra 5:13; Ezra 6:3; ח׳ = a certain one (τινὰ) Daniel 7:16 (c. מִן partit.).

a (indef. art.) c. noun Daniel 2:31; Daniel 6:18; Daniel 4:16 (see שָׁעָה), Ezra 4:8; Ezra 6:2, חַד שִׁבְעָה Daniel 3:19 = seven-fold (as Syriac: Nöldeke's Syriac Grammar § 241 Payne Smith (Syriac Thesaurus) ¹¹⁹⁴; compareExodus 16:5 Peshitta), see Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 66, 2.

חֲבַל (Aramaic)

verb

destroy, hurt (see Biblical Hebrew II. חבל);—past (עבר) 3rd masculine plural with suffix חַבְּלוּנִי Daniel 6:23 (of lions); imperative (ציווי) mpl. with suffix חַבְּלוּהִי Daniel 4:20 (with suffix of tree); infinitive (מקור) לְחַבָּלָה Ezra 6:12 (direct object of temple).

be destroyed: future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular לָא תִּתְחַבַּל Daniel 2:44; Daniel 6:27; Daniel 7:14 (-בַּ֑ל; all of kingdom of God).

חֲבָל (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) ^{Daniel 6:24} hurt, injury;—absolute ח׳ Daniel 3:25; Daniel 6:24, compare RÉS ^{362 A 2}; emph. חֲבָלָא Ezra 4:22.

חַגַּי (Aramaic)

n.pr.m. prophet (Biblical Hebrew the same);—Ezra 5:1; Ezra 6:14.

חֲדִי (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) breast (Targum Syriac; see Biblical Hebrew II. חזה);—dual (Schulthess^{journal ZAW xxii (1902), 164}) with suffix חֲדוֹ֫חִי Daniel 2:32.

חֲדַ֑ת (Aramaic)

adjective new (Targum Syriac; Biblical Hebrew חדשׁ);—ח׳ Ezra 6:4.

חוּט (Aramaic)

verb repair (foundations);—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יַחִ֫יטוּ Ezra 4:12 (si vera l. [Noldeke^{GGA, 1884, 1018} Strack's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 13 b

חִוָּר (Aramaic)

adjective white (Targum Syriac; Biblical Hebrew I. [חָוַר]);—Daniel 7:9 (robe).

חֲזָה (Aramaic)

verb see, behold (see Biblical Hebrew);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ח׳ Daniel 4:20; Daniel 7:1; 2nd masculine singular חֲזַ֫יְתָ Daniel 2:43 +, -תָה Daniel 2:41^(×2); 1st singular חֲזֵית v Daniel 2:26 +; 2nd masculine plural חֲזֵיתוּן Daniel 2:8; Pe. infinitive (מקור) לְמֶחֱזֵא֑ Ezra 4:14; participle (בינוני) active חָזֵה Daniel 2:31 + 14 times; plural חָזַ֫יִן Daniel 3:27; Daniel 5:23; passive חֲזֵה Daniel 3:19;—

see, have sense of sight Daniel 5:23.

see, behold:

direct object person Daniel 3:25, c. ל v Daniel 3:27, direct object rei Daniel 5:5.

see, witness dishonour of king (direct object) Ezra 4:14.

usually behold in dream or vision (often pt. in periphrast. conjunction), direct object person, Daniel 4:20, direct object rei Daniel 2:41^(×2), Daniel 2:43; Daniel 4:17, absolute Daniel 2:34; Daniel 7:4, Daniel 7:7, Daniel 7:9, Daniel 7:11^(×2), Daniel 7:21, + אֲלוּ Daniel 2:31; Daniel 4:7, Daniel 4:10, אֲרוּ Daniel 7:2, Daniel 7:6, Daniel 7:13; c. obj. cl. Daniel 2:8, Daniel 2:45; behold a dream, direct object חֵלֶם, Daniel 2:26; Daniel 4:2, Daniel 4:6, Daniel 4:15; Daniel 7:1.

passive = customary (seemly) Daniel 3:19 (so Targum Leviticus 5:10 al., see Driver).

חֲיָא (Aramaic)

verb live (see Biblical Hebrew חָיָה);—

imperative (ציווי) לְעָֽלְמִין חֱיִי live for ever! Daniel 2:4; Daniel 3:9; Daniel 5:10; Daniel 6:7, Daniel 6:22.

participle (בינוני) מַחֵא (Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 11, 3 b) γ) Haupt^{Kmp. Dn. 28}) Daniel 5:19 let live.

חַי (Aramaic)

adjective living (Biblical Hebrew the same);—

of God: construct חַי Daniel 4:31, emph. חַיָּא Daniel 6:21, Daniel 6:27; men, plural emph. חַיַּיָּא the living Daniel 2:30; Daniel 4:14 (חַי עָֽלְמָא).

plural as n. abstr. life (Biblical Hebrew חַיִּים): חַיִּין Daniel 7:12; construct חַיֵּי Ezra 6:10.

חֵיוָא (Aramaic)

noun (fem.) beast (Biblical Hebrew ii. חַיָּה);—absolute א—ָ Daniel 4:13, ה—ָ Daniel 7:5, Daniel 7:7; emph. חֵיוְתָא Daniel 7:6, Daniel 7:11, Daniel 7:19, Daniel 7:23, and (coll.) Daniel 4:11, Daniel 4:12; Daniel 5:21; construct (coll.) חֵיוַת בָּרָא Daniel 2:38; Daniel 4:9, Daniel 4:18, Daniel 4:20, Daniel 4:22, Daniel 4:29; plural absolute חֵיוָן Daniel 7:3, emph. חֵיוָתָא Daniel 7:7, Daniel 7:12, Daniel 7:17.

חַ֫יִל (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) power, strength, army (see Biblical Hebrew II. חול, חיל);—

power: absolute בְּאֶדְרָע וְחָ֑יִל Ezra 4:23 by force and power; קרא בְח׳ that is call loudly Daniel 3:4, בְּחַיִל Daniel 4:11; Daniel 5:7; גִּבָּרֵי־ח׳ Daniel 3:20 mighty men of power.

force, army, with suffix חַיְלֵהּ Daniel 3:20; construct חֵיל שְׁמַיָּא Daniel 4:32 (= Biblical Hebrew צְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם).

חָכְמָה (Aramaic)

noun (fem.) wisdom;—ח׳ absolute Daniel 2:30 +, emph. חָכְמְתָא Daniel 2:20 +, construct חָכְמֶת Daniel 5:11; Ezra 7:25;—wisdom, attrib. of God Daniel 2:20; of gods Daniel 5:11; of man Daniel 2:30; of God imparted to man Ezra 7:25 (practical wisdom), Daniel 2:21; = occult knowledge (see foregoing) imparted to men v Daniel 2:23; Daniel 5:11, Daniel 5:14.

חֵ֫לֶם (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) Daniel 4:2 dream (Targum Syriac; see Biblical Hebrew חֲלוֹם, √ II. חלם);—absolute ח׳ Daniel 4:2; Daniel 7:1; emph. חֶלְמָא Daniel 2:4 +; with suffix הֶלְמִי Daniel 4:6, -מָךְ Daniel 2:28; plural חֶלְמִין Daniel 5:12;—dream, as vehicle or revelation Daniel 2:4 + 10 times, Daniel 4:3 + 6 times, Daniel 5:12; to prophet Daniel 7:1.

חֲלָק (Aramaic)

n.[m.] portion, possession, lot (see Biblical Hebrew);—absolute ח׳ possession in land Ezra 4:16; with suffix חֲלָקֵהּ Daniel 4:12, Daniel 4:20, that is his appointed lot.

חֱמָא (Aramaic)

חֲמַר (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) wine (Targum Syriac; Biblical Hebrew חֶמֶר (poet. and late), √ I. חמר);—absolute ח׳ Ezra 6:9; Ezra 7:22; emph. חַמְרָא Daniel 5:1, Daniel 5:2, Daniel 5:4, Daniel 5:23.

חֲנֻכָּה (Aramaic)

noun (fem.) dedication (Targum; Biblical Hebrew the same, √ חנך);—construct חֲנֻכַּת, of image Daniel 3:2, Daniel 3:3; temple Ezra 6:16, Ezra 6:17.

חֲנַנְיָה (Aramaic)

n.pr.m. (= Biblical Hebrew the same 5);—Daniel 2:17.

חֲסַף (Aramaic)

n.[m.] clay, potsherd (Targum the same; Chr-Pal. ܚܣܦܐ clay vessel, ܚܨܒܢܐ plural potsherds Schulthess ⁶⁸, Syriac ܚܶܨܦܳܐ potsherd; Targum חַצְבָא, Mishnaic Hebrew חָצָב clay vessel; Assyrian ḫaṣbu, the same; ܚܨܰܦ jar (Payne Smith (Syriac Thesaurus) ¹²³⁸), whence Arabic خَزَفٌ pottery Frä ¹⁶⁹, but Sab. חסף jar, according to Hom^{ZMG xlvi (1892), 532}; compare Ethiopic ܚܶܙܒܳܐ: jar (transp.; Dillmann ¹²⁶⁵); see Biblical Hebrew [חַסְפַּם]);—ח׳ absolute Daniel 2:41 (ח׳ דִּי פֶּחָר), חֲסַ֑ף v Daniel 2:33, Daniel 2:42; construct ח׳ טִינָא v Daniel 2:41, Daniel 2:43; emph. חַסְפָּא v Daniel 2:34, Daniel 2:35, Daniel 2:43, Daniel 2:45.

חַרְטֹם (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) magician (Biblical Hebrew the same, √ I. חרט);—absolute Daniel 2:10; plural absolute חַרְטֻמִּין Daniel 2:27; Daniel 5:11; emph. -מַּיָּא Daniel 4:4, Daniel 4:6.

חֱמָא² (Aramaic)

noun (fem.) rage;—absolute Daniel 3:19, חֲ׳ v Daniel 3:13.

חַד

adjective = אֶחָד Ezekiel 33:30 del. Co, compare Septuagint.

חִירָם

n.pr.m. Hiram (Phoenician חרם; abbr. from foregoing)—ח׳ II Samuel 5:11 + 18 times 1 K + Kt I Chronicles 14:1 II Chronicles 4:11; II Chronicles 9:10 (all Qr חוּרָם); חִירוֹם I Kings 5:24, I Kings 5:32; I Kings 7:40; also חוּרָם I Chronicles 8:5 + 9 times Ch.—

king of Tyre, contemp. of David & Solomon II Samuel 5:11 I Kings 5:15^(×2), I Kings 5:16, I Kings 5:21, I Kings 5:22, I Kings 5:24, I Kings 5:25^(×2), I Kings 5:26, I Kings 5:32; I Kings 9:11^(×2), I Kings 9:12, I Kings 9:14, I Kings 9:27; I Kings 10:11, I Kings 10:22 I Chronicles 14:1 II Chronicles 2:2, II Chronicles 2:10, II Chronicles 2:11; II Chronicles 8:2, II Chronicles 8:18; II Chronicles 9:10, II Chronicles 9:21.

an artificer of Tyre, sent by Hiram the king I Kings 7:13, I Kings 7:40^(×2), I Kings 7:45 II Chronicles 2:12; II Chronicles 4:11^(×2), II Chronicles 4:16.

a Benjamite I Chronicles 8:5.

חִיאֵל

n.pr.m. (probably (אֲ)חִיאֵל brother of Ēl, Septuagint Ἀχειηλ; compare חירם & Phoenician חמלך, etc.; see Bae^{Rel 156}) a Bethelite, rebuilder of Jericho I Kings 16:34.

חָבַב

verb love (Mishnaic Hebrew Pi. the same; Arabic حَبَّ be loved; Ethiopic ተሐበበ amore alicujus incendi Dillmann; Aramaic ܚܰܒ kindle, be set on fire, ܚܰܒܶܒ, חַבֵּב love, embrace, חוּבָּא bosom)—

participle (בינוני) אַף חֹבֵב עַמִּים Deuteronomy 33:3 (Dillmann reads עַמּוֹ, compare Septuagint).

חֹבָב

n.pr.m. (compare Phoenician n.pr. חב; Wellhausen^{Skizzen iii, 171. 217} suggests compar. with حُباب serpent)—son of Reuel, חֹתֵן of Moses (see חתן), Numbers 10:29, Judges 4:11; ins. ח׳ probably also Judges 1:16, see GFM.

חֻבָּה

n.pr.m. a descendant of Asher, I Chronicles 7:34 (read וְחֻבָּה, so Qr; > Kt יְחֻבָּה).

חָבָה

verb withdraw, hide, compare חבא;—

imperative (ציווי) ms. חֲבִי Isaiah 26:20 (Aramaic form, Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 235, 3 Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 224 c Duhm; Dillmann reads חֲבֵי = חֲבֵה), withdraw into privacy (‖ בֹּא בַחֲדָרֶיךָ).

past (עבר) וְנֶחְבָּה consec. Jeremiah 49:10; וְנַחְבֵּתֶם consec. Joshua 2:16; infinitive (מקור) לְהֵחָבֵה (as ל״א) I Kings 22:25 II Kings 7:12; withdraw, hide oneself, literally Joshua 2:16, followed by שָׁמָּה; II Kings 7:12 c. בְּ location; I Kings 22:25; of Esau = Edom, hiding from judgment of י׳, וְנֶחְבָּה לֹא יוּכָ֑ל Jeremiah 49:10, as pointed, meant no doubt as pf., but construct then hard; read rather inf. absolute נַחְבֹּה; so Gf Gie al. (see Konig^{i. 624}).

חֶבְיוֹן

n.[m.] hiding, hiding-place, or < veil, envelope, only construct וְשָׁם ח׳ עֻזֹּה Habakkuk 3:4 (< Septuagint Peshitta Hi-St Gr וְשָׂם and he maketh, compare Psalms 18:12).

חֶבְ֗יוֹן

see sub חבה.

חָבַל

verb bind, pledge (Arabic حَبَلَ bind; compare Aramaic ܚܒܰܠ, ܚܰܒܶܠ travail; חֲבַל pledge (but rare and doubtful); especially ܚܰܒܠܴܐ cord, field, חַבְלָא cord, ܚܶܒܠܴܐ, חֶבְלָא pain, especially of travail; Sab. חבל border-territory, or field, Sab, Denkm ^48.49; Ethiopic ጠበለ Zim^{BP 93 n.}, comp. Assyrian naḫbalu, rope, snare)—

past (עבר) חָבָ֑ל Ezekiel 18:16 future (עתיד) יַחֲבֹל Deuteronomy 24:6; 2nd masculine singular תַּחֲבֹל Deuteronomy 24:17; תַּחְבֹּל Exodus 22:25 Job 22:6; יַחְבְּלוּ Job 24:3; יַחְבֹּ֑לוּ Job 24:9; imperative (ציווי) with suffix חַבְלֵהוּ Proverbs 20:16; Proverbs 27:13; infinitive (מקור) absolute חָבֹל Exodus 22:25; participle (בינוני) active חֹבֵל Deuteronomy 24:6, compare חֹבְלִים Zechariah 11:7, Zechariah 11:14 (name of מַקֵּל); passive חֲבֻלִים Amos 2:8;—

bind, only in חֹבְלִים, name of one of Zec.’s symbolic staves, Zechariah 11:7, Zechariah 11:14 symbol. of fraternity. Especially

bind by taking a pledge of, hold by a pledge, followed by direct object person Proverbs 20:16; Proverbs 27:13 Job 22:6; take or hold in pledge, followed by direct object rei Exodus 22:25, Deuteronomy 24:6^(×2), Deuteronomy 24:17 Job 24:3; followed by direct object cogn. חֲבֹל Ezekiel 18:16; עַל־עָנִי יַחְבֹּ֑לוּ Job 24:9 probably pregn. (see Dillmann) take pledges (getting power) over the poor; בְּגָדִים חֲבֻלִים Amos 2:8 garments taken in pledge.

future (עתיד) יֵחָ֫בֶל לוֹ Proverbs 13:13 becometh pledged to it (that is pledged to pay the penalty, opposite יְשֻׁלָּ֑ם), so Ewald Hitzig De Nowack Strack RV^m VB. > sub II. חָבַל q.see

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular חִבְּלָה Song of Songs 8:5; חִבְּלַתְךָ Song of Songs 8:5; future (עתיד) יְחַבֶּל־ Psalms 7:15;—writhe, twist, hence travail; of mother Song of Songs 8:5^(×2) (with a direct object of child; ‖ יְלָדָ֑תְךָ); metaphorically of wicked man יְחַבֶּל־אָ֑וֶן וְהָרָה עָמָל וְיָלַד שָֽׁקֶר׃ Psalms 7:15.

חֶ֫בֶל

noun (masc.) ^{Joshua 2:14} f. †Zephaniah 2:6 (but see below) cord, territory, band; ח׳ absolute Joshua 2:15 +; construct Deuteronomy 3:4 +, חֵ֫בֶל Joshua 19:29; with suffix חַבְלוֹ Job 18:10; plural חֲבָלִים II Samuel 8:2 + 10 times + Ezekiel 47:13 Job 21:7 see below; construct חַבְלֵי Joshua 17:5 + 5 times; חֶבְלֵי Psalms 116:3 + 4 times + Psalms 18:5 (read משׁברי see below); with suffix חֲבָלָ֑יִךְ Isaiah 33:23; חֲבָלָיו Isaiah 33:20;—

cord, rope, by which men were lowered Joshua 2:15, Jeremiah 38:6, Jeremiah 38:11, Jeremiah 38:12, Jeremiah 38:13, or stones dragged II Samuel 17:13; of tents Isaiah 33:20; tackling of ship v Isaiah 33:23; for binding Ezekiel 27:24 Job 40:25 Esther 1:6; symbol of captivity or subjection I Kings 20:31, I Kings 20:32; figuratively of snare for wicked Job 18:10 (‖ מַלְכֻּדְתּוֹ), set by wicked Psalms 140:6 (‖ פַּח); Psalms 119:61 cords of wicked men have surrounded me; of wicked held בחבלי חַטָּאתוֹ Proverbs 5:22; ח׳ הַשָּׁ֑וְא Isaiah 5:18 cords (ropes) of wickedness (‖ כַּעֲבוֹת הָעֲגָלָה); of cords of distress (עֹ֑נִי) Job 36:8 (‖ זִקִּים); so חֶבְלֵי מָוֶת (probably) Psalms 116:3, חֶבְלֵי שׁאוֹל Psalms 18:6 = II Samuel 22:6 (‖ מוֹקְשֵׁי מָוֶת);—for חֶבְלֵי מות Psalms 18:5 read מִשְׁבְּרֵי, see II Samuel 22:5 and ‖ נַחֲלֵי בְלִיַּעַל, De Cheyne Bae; to draw בְּחַבְלֵי אָדָם Hosea 11:4 (that is humanely, kindly); of cord of life חֶבֶל הַכֶּסֶף Ecclesiastes 12:6.

measuring-cord, line ח׳ מִדָּה Zechariah 2:5; so ח׳ alone II Samuel 8:2^(×3) Amos 7:17 Micah 2:5 Psalms 78:55; figuratively (of favoured life) Psalms 16:6; in generally of one’s portion, fortune Job 21:17 according to Targum Gesenius' Thesaurus Add. Ewald Dillmann al., but < v. חֵבֶל. Thence

measured portion, lot, part, region, ח׳ נַחֲלָה inherited portion Deuteronomy 32:9 I Chronicles 16:18 = Psalms 105:11; also ח׳ alone Joshua 17:5, Joshua 17:14; Joshua 19:9 Ezekiel 47:13 (חבלים; Vulgate Targum read as dual, see Ewald Smend Davidson al.; Co del. on intern. grounds); of particular regions ח׳ אַרְגֹּב Deuteronomy 3:4, Deuteronomy 3:13, Deuteronomy 3:14 I Kings 4:13; ח׳ אַכְזִיב Joshua 19:29 (si vera l., see WMM^{Asien 194}); ח׳ הַיָּם Zephaniah 2:5; also v Zephaniah 2:6, but היתה ח׳ here doubtful; Stade proposes 2nd feminine singular הָיִת, and del. ח׳ הים; without היס, v Zephaniah 2:7.

band, company of prophets I Samuel 10:5, I Samuel 10:10.—ii. חֶבֶל see sub ii. חָבַל.

חֵ֫בֶל

noun (masc.) ^{Isaiah 66:7} (but see Jeremiah 49:24) pain, pang;—ח׳ absolute Isaiah 66:7; elsewhere plural חֲבָלִים Isaiah 13:8 + 3 times + Job 21:17 see below; construct חֶבְלֵי Hosea 13:13; with suffix חֲבָלֶיהָ Isaiah 26:17; חֶבְלֵיהֶם Job 39:3 (on with suffix see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 135, 5, R 1);—pain, pang:

pains of travail:

obj. of תְּשַׁלַּחְנָה Job 39:3 meton. for offspring (‖ יַלְדֵיהֶן; see Dillmann; of goats and hinds).

sim. of distress of exiles Isaiah 26:17; figuratively of anguish of nations צִירִים וַחֲבָלִים יֹאחֵזוּן Isaiah 13:8 (‖ כַּיּוֹלֵדָה יְחִילוּן), also Jeremiah 13:21; Jeremiah 22:23; Jeremiah 49:24; of crisis of redemption Hosea 13:13 (‖ חֶבְלֵי יוֹלֵדָה), of birth of new Isr. Isaiah 66:7.

of other than birth-pangs only חבלים Job 21:17; pains, pangs, sorrows (so Septuagint Vulgate Gesenius' Thesaurus,—otherwise Add.—RobGes Hitzig Davidson al.; ‖ נֵר יִדְעָ֑ךְ, יָבֹא אֵידָם); > others, portion, fortune, see חֶבֶל.

חֲבֹל

n.[m.] pledge (as binding)—יָשִׁיב ח׳ Ezekiel 18:12; Ezekiel 33:15; as cogn. direct object c. חָבַל Ezekiel 18:16.

חֲבֹלָה

noun (fem.) the same (on format. compare Lg^{BN 179})—חֲבֹלָתוֹ Ezekiel 18:7.

חִבֵּל

n.[m.] probably mast (as corded or roped in place; denom. from חֶבֶל)—only in sim. of drunken man שֹׁכֵב בְּרֹאֹשׁ ח׳ Proverbs 23:34 (opposite שֹׁכֵב בְּלֶב־יָם) that is in the lookout-basket at the mast-head, compare Gesenius' Thesaurus in carchesio.—Septuagint Vulgate read חֹבֵל.

חֹבְלִים

n.[m.]plural union (literally binders) name of Zec.’s second symbolic staff Zechariah 11:7 and c. art. v Zechariah 11:14. See חָבַל 1.

חָבַל²

verb act (ruinously) corruptly (Mishnaic Hebrew the same wound, injure; Arabic خَبَلَ corrupt or render unsound (the mind, a limb, etc.), خَبِلَ be deranged (in mind); Assyrian ḫabâlu, injure, VR^{62, 11}; Aramaic ܚܰܒܶܠ, חַבֵּל corrupt, ruin; Ethiopic ተሐበለ be arrogant, audacious; Sab. חֿבל DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 48}; compare Palmyrene חבל mortuus Vog^{Noldeke. 161} and often)—

past (עבר) 1st plural חָבַלְנוּ Nehemiah 1:7; future (עתיד) 1st singular אֶחְבֹּל Job 34:31; infinitive (מקור) construct (used as absolute) Nehemiah 1:7;—act corruptly against, חֲבֹל חבלנו לְ Nehemiah 1:7; absolute Job 34:31.

future (עתיד) יֵחָ֫בֶל לוֹ Proverbs 13:13 shall be ruined (לֵ reflex.), Gesenius' Thesaurus RobGes AV RV, but < I. חָבַל (see p. 286).

ruin, destroy: past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular consec. וְחִבֵּל את מעשׂה ידיך Ecclesiastes 5:5, subj. God. future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תְּחַבֵּל וְחֶבֶל נִמְרָץ Micah 2:10 that destroyeth, even with sore destruction; but read rather תְּחֻבְּלוּ ח׳ נ׳ ye shall be destroyed with etc., so Septuagint Roorda Cheyne. infinitive (מקור) construct לְחַבֵּל with a direct object, the poor Isaiah 32:7, the land Isaiah 13:5; absolute Isaiah 54:16; compare participle (בינוני) plural מְחַבְּלִים Song of Songs 2:15 with a direct object of foxes ruining vineyards.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular וְחֻבַּל consec. Isaiah 10:27 of yoke, be ruined, broken, si vera l.; Robertson Smith^{JPh. xiii. 1885, p. 62} proposes יחדל, compare also Cheyne^{crit. n.}; and rem. by Dillmann Duhm; 3rd feminine singular חֻבָּ֑לָה Job 17:1 my spirit is broken (‖ יָמַי נִזְעָ֑כוּ); future (עתיד) 2nd masculine plural תְּחֻבְּלוּ Micah 2:10 (emend.: see above)

חֶ֫בֶל²

noun (masc.) destruction—חֶבֶל נִמְרָץ Micah 2:10; compare ii. חָבַל Pi.

חֲבַצֶּלֶת

noun (fem.) meadow-saffron or crocus (colchicum autumnale, Linn.) (Syriac ܚܰܡܨܰܠܳܝܬܳܐ, see Gesenius^Comm. Isaiah 35:1 Löw^{p. 174, Noldeke. 128}; Assyrian ḫabaṣillatu VR^{32, 62} is a marsh-plant, reed; compare Zim^{BP 59} Delitzsch^{HA 34; Pr 82}; also Cheyne^l.c. and crit. n.);—ח׳ הַשָּׁרוֹן שׁוֹשַׁנַּת הָעֲמָקִים Song of Songs 2:1 (figuratively of Shulamite), וְתָגֵל עֲרָבָה וְתִפְרַח כַּחֲבַצָּֽלֶת׃ Isaiah 35:1 (narcissus Cheyne Isaiah 35:1 compare Conder^{PEF, 1878, 46} Tristr^{NHB 476} al.)

חֲבַצִּנְיָה

n.pr.m. a Rechabite Jeremiah 35:3, Septuagint Χαβασ(ε)ιν.

חָבַק

verb clasp, embrace (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Targum חַבֵּקֹ; Mand.. ܚܒܰܩ, NSyr. ܚܦܩ; Arabic حَبَقَ ii. collect one’s possessions, etc., Freytag)—

infinitive (מקור) לַחֲבוֹק Ecclesiastes 3:5; participle (בינוני) חֹבֵק Ecclesiastes 4:5; חֹבֶקֶת II Kings 4:16;—embrace, with a direct object בֵּן II Kings 4:16; יָדָיו Ecclesiastes 4:5 (said of הַכְּסִיל = fold his arms, that is be idle; compare חִבֻּק); no obj. expr. Ecclesiastes 3:5 (‖ Pi).

past (עבר) חִבְּקוּ Job 24:8 Lamentations 4:5; future (עתיד) וַיְחַבֵּק Genesis 48:10; וַיְחַבֶּק־ Genesis 29:13; וַיְחַבְּקֵהוּ Genesis 33:4; 3rd feminine singular with suffix תְּחַבְּקֵ֫נִי Song of Songs 2:6; Song of Songs 8:3; 2nd masculine singular וּתְחַבֵּק Proverbs 5:20, with suffix תְּחַבְּקֶ֫נָּה Proverbs 4:8; infinitive (מקור) חַבֵּק Ecclesiastes 3:5;—embrace of person, no obj. עת לִרְחֹק מֵחַבֵּק Ecclesiastes 3:5 (‖ Qal); followed by לְ Genesis 29:13, Genesis 48:10; followed by with suffix Genesis 33:4, Proverbs 4:8 Song of Songs 2:6; Song of Songs 8:3; with a direct object Proverbs 5:20; embrace צוּר for want of shelter Job 24:8 (of poor); embrace refuse-heaps אשׁפתות Lamentations 4:5, that is are outcasts.

חִבֻּק

n.[m.] a clasping, folding of the hands, only construct מְעַט ח׳ יָדַיִם לִשְׁכָּ֑ב Proverbs 6:10; Proverbs 24:33 (compare חָבַק Qal).

חֲבַקּוּק

n.pr.m. the prophet Habakkuk Habakkuk 1:1; Habakkuk 3:1; Septuagint Ἀμβακουμ (Assyrian ḫambaḳûḳu is name of a plant, Delitzsch^{HA 36, Pr 84}, so حبقبق in Yemen (Schweinfurth) see Hom^{Aufsätze u. Abh. 1892, 27, 28}).

חָבַר

verb unite (usually intr.), be joined, tie a magic knot or spell, charm (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Ethiopic ኀበረ yet Assyrian [abâru], ubburu, bind, ban (of spells), ibru, friend, and many deriv., Delitzsch^{W 51 ff.}; Aramaic ܚܰܒܰܪ, חַבֵּר and many deriv.; compare Phoenician n. חבר associate)—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine plural חָֽבְרוּ Genesis 14:3; participle (בינוני) active m. חֹבֵר Deuteronomy 18:11, חוֹבֵר Psalms 58:6; fpl. חֹבְרֹת Exodus 26:3^(×2) + 2 times + Ezekiel 1:9 (compare below), חוֹבְרוֹת Ezekiel 1:11; participle (בינוני) passive construct חֲבוּר Hosea 4:17 (yet. see below);—

unite, be joined:

of allies, followed by אֶל־ location Genesis 14:3, construct praegn. = came as allies unto; pt. passive figuratively חֲבוּר עֲצַבִּים אֶפְרָ֖יִם Hosea 4:17 Ephr. is joined to idols (but Wellhausen reads חבר, see חָבֵר 2 d, and compare חֲבֵרָיו Isaiah 44:11, חֲבֶרְתְּךָ Malachi 2:14).

of one thing reaching to, touching another; wings of Ezek.’s living creatures followed by אֶל־ rei, Ezekiel 1:9 (del. Septuagint B Co, but see Smend); compare ח׳ אישׁ v Ezekiel 1:11, that is joining each one (trans.), < Septuagint Peshitta Co ח׳ אשׁה אל־אחותה (as v Ezekiel 1:9), united each to the other; so of curtains of tabernacle, followed by אֶל־ rei Exodus 26:3^(×2); absolute joined together, of shoulder pieces of ephod Exodus 28:7; Exodus 39:4 (all P; compare also Pu).

tie magic knots, charm (Robertson Smith^{JPh. xiv.1885, 123} thinks meaning charm is der. from nectere verba, and comp. Arabic خَبَر, narrative); only with a direct object cogn. ח׳ חָ֑בֶר Deuteronomy 18:11 (in a long series of kindred phrases), specif. of charming serpents Psalms 58:6 (‖ מְלַחֲשִׁים).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular חִבַּר Psalms 36:10; 2nd masculine singular וְחִבַּרְתָּ֫ Exodus 26:6 + 2 times; future (עתיד) וַיְחַבֵּר Exodus 36:10 + 2 times; with suffix וַיְחַבְּרֵהוּ II Chronicles 20:36; infinitive (מקור) construct לְחַבֵּר Exodus 36:18;—

make an ally of, unite one with, only ויחברהו עִמּוֹ II Chronicles 20:36 and he united him with himself, followed by infinitive (מקור) of purpose.

unite, join (trans.), only Ex, of tabern., obj. the curtains, followed by direct object + אֶל־ rei Exodus 26:6; Exodus 36:10^(×2), Exodus 36:13; followed by direct object only Exodus 26:9; Exodus 36:16; obj. את־האהל join the tent together, Exodus 26:11; Exodus 36:18.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular חֻבָּ֑ר Exodus 39:4, וְחֻבָּ֑ר consec. Exodus 28:7 (but see below), 3rd feminine singular שֶׁחֻבְּרָה־ Psalms 122:3; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְחֻבַּר Ecclesiastes 9:4 Qr (Kt יבחר see below); with suffix הַיְחָבְרְךָ Psalms 94:20 (Konig^{i. 257 f.}; Gesenius Ewald Böttcher De al. as Qal);—

be allied with thee (with suffix ref. to י׳) Psalms 94:20;

be united to = be one of, מי אשׁר יְח׳ אל כל־הַחַיִּם whoever is united to all the living (Kt יבחר is meaningless) Ecclesiastes 9:4.

be joined together, of ephod עַל־שְׁנֵי קְצוֹותָ֯ו ח׳ Exodus 39:4 by its two edges was it joined together; compare ‖ Exodus 28:7 (where Masoretic Text אֶל־שְׁנֵי קְצוֹתָיו וְחֻבָּ֑ר < Septuagint Sam which read עַל־שׁ׳ ק׳ יְחֻבָּ֑ר); עִיר שֶׁח׳־לָהּ Psalms 122:3 joined together for itself, that is compactly built (of Jerusalem).

future (עתיד) 1st singular אַחְבִּ֫ירָה עליכם בְּמִלִּים Job 16:4 I could make a joining with words (that is join words together RV VB) against you.

(late) past (עבר) אֶתְחַבֵּר (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 54, 1 n.) II Chronicles 20:35; future (עתיד) יִתְחַבָּ֑רוּ Daniel 11:6; infinitive (מקור) with suffix הִתְחַבֶּרְךָ II Chronicles 20:37; Aramaic form הִתְחַבְּרוּת Daniel 11:23 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 54, 3 R. 1);—join oneself to, make an alliance with, followed by עִם person II Chronicles 20:35, II Chronicles 20:37, followed by אֶל־ person Daniel 11:23; recipr. league together (absolute) Daniel 11:6.

חֶ֫בֶר

n.[m.] company, association, spell—absolute חָ֑בֶר Deuteronomy 18:11 + 2 times; construct חֶבֶר Hosea 6:9; plural חֲבָרִים Psalms 58:6, with suffix חֲבָרַיִךְ Isaiah 47:9, Isaiah 47:12;—

company, band of (bad) priests Hosea 6:9.

association, society (abstr.), only in בֵּית חָ֑בֶר Proverbs 21:9 = Proverbs 25:24 house of association, that is shared with a contentious woman (house in common, see RV^m VB).

spell:

as direct object cogn. c. חָבַר (q.see) Deuteronomy 18:11 Psalms 58:6.

alone, of Babylonian magic Isaiah 47:9, Isaiah 47:12 (see Len^{Chald. Magic [1878]; Magie u. Wahrsagekunst, 1878}; Scholz^{Götzendienst u. Zauberwesen, 1877, 80 ff.} Say^{TBA iii. 145 ff. and Rel. Bab 396 ff., 440 ff.}).

חֶ֫בֶר²

n.pr.m.

חֶבֶר (Septuagint Χαβερ) the Kenite, husband of Jael Judges 4:11, Judges 4:17^(×2), Judges 4:21; Judges 5:24.

a man of Asher חִבֶר Genesis 46:17 Septuagint Χοβωρ I Chronicles 7:31, I Chronicles 7:32 Septuagint Χαβερ SeptuagintL Ιεχοβερ; חֵבֶר Numbers 26:45 Septuagint Χοβερ; on poss. identif. with Ḫabiri of Tel el Amarna see Jastr^{JBL 1892, xi. 118 ff. 1893, xii. 61 ff.}

חֶבֶר name in Judah I Chronicles 4:18 Septuagint Αβεισα, SeptuagintL Αβερ.

חָ֑בֶר a Benjamite I Chronicles 8:17 Septuagint Αβαρ, SeptuagintL Αβερ.

חָבֵר

adjective and noun (masc.) Song of Songs 8:13, united, associate, companion—ח׳ absolute Proverbs 28:24 Psalms 119:63; with suffix חֲבֵרוֹ Ecclesiastes 4:10 (+ 3 times Ez Kt; Qr חבריו, see below); plural חֲבֵרִים Judges 20:11 Song of Songs 8:13; construct חַבְרֵי Isaiah 1:23; with suffix חֲבֵרֶ֑ךָ Psalms 45:8, חֲבֵרֶ֑יךָ Song of Songs 1:7; חֲבֵרָיו Isaiah 44:11 + 3 times Ez Qr;—

adjective united כְּאִישׁ אֶחָד חֲבֵרִים Judges 20:11 knit together as one man (AV RV).

n. associate, fellow:

of children (tribes) of Isr. assoc. with Judah as head Ezekiel 37:16; the same assoc. with Joseph (Ephr.) as head v Ezekiel 37:16, Ezekiel 37:19 (in all these read Qr חֲבֵרָיו).

of like rank Psalms 45:8.

of like calling Song of Songs 1:7.

worshippers (associates, belonging to the society or guild) of idols Isaiah 44:11 (see Cheyne; > others priests, Geiger ^{Urschr, 121, 493} Siegfried-Stade, compare חֶבֶר Hosea 6:9; Duhm reads חֲבָרִים enchantments).

in generally Song of Songs 8:13.

implying likeness of character Isaiah 1:23 Proverbs 28:24 Psalms 119:63.

companion at a particular time Ecclesiastes 4:10.

חַבּוּרָה

[חַבֻּרָה, חֲבֻרָה] noun (fem.) stripe, blow;—absolute חַבּ׳ Isaiah 1:6 + 2 times; with suffix חַבֻּרָתִי Genesis 4:23; חֲבֻרָתוֹ Isaiah 53:5; plural construct חַבֻּרוֹת Proverbs 20:30; with suffix חַבּוּרֹתָ֑י Psalms 38:6:—stripe, blow, stroke, Genesis 4:23 my blow, that is for striking me, compare Exodus 21:25^(×2), also of injury to land of Judah (under figuratively of human body) Isaiah 1:6 (all ‖ פֶּצַע, see below); of blows (singular coll.) inflicted on suffering servant of י׳ Isaiah 53:5; (plural) Psalms 38:6, חַבֻּרוֹת פֶּצַע Proverbs 20:30, that is blows that cut in (‖ מַכּוֹת).

חֶבְרוֹן

n.pr.location Hebron (association, league)—ח׳ Genesis 13:18 +; c. ה location חֶבְרוֹנָה Joshua 10:36 + 6 times; חֶבְרֹ֫נָה II Samuel 2:1;—Septuagint Χεβρων; mod. El-Ḫalîl (see Rob^{BR i. 213 f., ii. 73 ff.} Gutheérin^{Judée iii. 214 ff.}); ancient city in southern Judah, where (or near which) Abr. built an altar Genesis 13:18, and where was a sanctuary in Dvd.’s time II Samuel 15:7, compare לפני י׳ בְּח׳ II Samuel 5:3 = I Chronicles 11:3; built 7 yrs. bef. Ṣoan in Egypt according to Numbers 13:22 b; under a king Joshua 10:3, Joshua 10:5, Joshua 10:23 Joshua 12:10; assigned to Caleb Joshua 14:13, Joshua 14:14 (JED) Judges 1:20 yet see I Chronicles 6:40 (compare v I Chronicles 6:41); older name קִרְיַת (הָ)אַרְבַּע according to Joshua 14:15 (JED), compare Genesis 23:2; Genesis 35:27 Joshua 15:54; Joshua 20:7 (all P) Judges 1:10 b; see also Joshua 15:13; Joshua 21:11 (both P); called also מַמְרֵא Genesis 23:19 (and Genesis 35:27, both P); a city of refuge Joshua 21:13 = I Chronicles 6:42; עֵמֶק ח׳ Genesis 37:14; named elsewhere Numbers 13:22 a Joshua 10:36, Joshua 10:39; Joshua 11:21 (all D) Judges 1:10 a; Judges 16:3 II Samuel 2:32; II Samuel 15:9 II Chronicles 11:10; a resort of David, and for 7 yrs. his royal city I Samuel 30:31 II Samuel 2:1, II Samuel 2:11; II Samuel 3:2, II Samuel 3:5, II Samuel 3:19, II Samuel 3:20, II Samuel 3:22, II Samuel 3:27, II Samuel 3:32; II Samuel 4:1, II Samuel 4:8, II Samuel 4:12^(×2); II Samuel 5:1, II Samuel 5:3, II Samuel 5:13 I Kings 2:11; I Chronicles 3:1, I Chronicles 3:4; I Chronicles 11:1, I Chronicles 11:3; I Chronicles 12:24, I Chronicles 12:39 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:23, I Chronicles 12:38) I Chronicles 29:27; read also perhaps for תחתו II Samuel 3:12, SeptuagintL εἰς Χεβρων, compare Driver; seat of Absalom’s rebellion II Samuel 15:10; עָרֵי ח׳ II Samuel 2:3 abode of David’s men.

חֶבְרוֹן²

n.pr.m. (Septuagint Χεβρων).

grandson of Levi Exodus 6:18; Numbers 3:19 (both P) = I Chronicles 5:28 = I Chronicles 6:3, I Chronicles 23:12, I Chronicles 23:19, compare I Chronicles 15:9.

name in Caleb’s family I Chronicles 2:42, I Chronicles 2:43.

חָבַשׁ

verb bind, bind on, bind up (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Assyrian abâšu, according to Delitzsch^{W 70}, ^{Pr 174}; Arabic حَبَسَ confine, restrict; yet on Assyrian ḫibšu ‘Kopfbinde’ (c. חֿ), etc., see Zehnpfund^{BAS i. 499, 526}; Aramaic ܚܒܰܫ; compare ܚܒܽܘܫܝܳܐ, חֲבוּשְׁיָא imprisonment, etc.)—

past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular וְחָבַשְׁתָּ֫ Exodus 29:9; 2nd masculine plural חֲבַשְׁתֶּם Ezekiel 34:4; future (עתיד) יַחֲבוֹשׁ Job 34:17; וַיַּחֲבֹשׁ Genesis 22:3 + 4 times; וִיַּחֲבָשׁ־ I Kings 13:23; וְיֶחְבָּ֑שׁ Job 5:18; וַיַּחְבְּשֵׁנוּ Hosea 6:1; 3rd feminine singular וַתַּחֲבֹשׁ II Kings 4:24; אֶהֱבֹשׁ Ezekiel 34:16; cohort. אֶחְבְּשָׁה־ II Samuel 19:27 (but comparebelow); וָאֶחְבְּשֵׁךְ Ezekiel 16:10; וַיַּחְבְּשׁוּ־ I Kings 13:13; וַיַּחֲבֹ֑שׁוּ I Kings 13:27; imperative (ציווי) חֲבֹשׁ Job 40:13; חֲבוֹשׁ Ezekiel 24:17; חִבְשׁוּ I Kings 13:13, I Kings 13:27; infinitive (מקור) construct חֲבֹשׁ Isaiah 30:26; Isaiah 61:1; לְחָבְשָׁהּ Ezekiel 30:21 (del. Co, compare Septuagint). participle (בינוני) active חֹבֵשׁ Isaiah 3:7; passive חָבוּשׁ Jonah 2:6; חֲבוּשִׁים Judges 19:10; חֲבֻשִׁים II Samuel 16:1 Ezekiel 27:24;—

bind, bind on:

headgear, with a direct object rei, לְ person Exodus 29:9 Leviticus 8:13 (both P); c. על person Ezekiel 24:17; passive of seaweeds clinging about head סוּף חָבוּשׁ לְרֹאשִׁי Jonah 2:6; c. with suffix person et בְּ rei וָאֶחְבְּשֵׁךְ Ezekiel 16:10 and I bound (or wound) about thee (that is thy head, Smend VB) שֵׁשׁ (in metaphorically of י׳’s care for Jerus.; ‖ אַלְבִּישֵׁךְ, אֶנְעֲלֵךְ); figuratively of punishment for wicked פְּנֵיהֶם חֲבֹשׁ בטמון Job 40:13 veil their faces in darkness (‖ טָמְנֵם בֶּעָפָר) see Dillmann

passive probably twined, twisted in חֲבָלִים חֲבֻשִׁים וַאֲרֻזִים Ezekiel 27:24, cords twisted and strong, see Smend Davidson. Especially

of equipping a beast for riding; ass, in direct object Genesis 22:3 Numbers 22:21 (both E), II Samuel 17:23 & II Samuel 19:27 (where however read לוֹ חָבְשָׁה־לִּי, so Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate Th Wellhausen Driver), I Kings 2:40; I Kings 13:13^(×2), I Kings 13:23, I Kings 13:27^(×2) (v I Kings 13:27 b no dir. obj. expressed) II Kings 4:24; passive, also of asses, Judges 19:10 II Samuel 16:1.

figuratively = restrain, control (Germ. bändigen), absolute Job 34:17.

bind up, viz. a wound, usually in figuratively, of comforting the distressed, etc.; c. with suffix person Hosea 6:1 (‖ רָכָּא, opposite הִכָּה); followed by לְ person לַחֲבֹשׁ לְנִשְׁבְּרֵי־לֵב Isaiah 61:1; compare Ezekiel 34:4 (followed by לַנִּשְׁבֶּרֶת; ‖ חַזֵּק, רִפֵּא), v Ezekiel 34:16 (followed by the same; ‖ חִזֵּק); followed by direct object rei בְּיוֹם חֲבֹשׁ י׳ אֶת־שֶׁבֶר עַמּוֹ Isaiah 30:26;Isaiah 26 (‖ רָפָא); with a direct object of Pharaoh’s broken arm Ezekiel 30:21 (si vera l., see above; compare Pu.); absolute Job 5:18 (opposite הִכְאִיב; ‖ רָפָה = רָפָא); also Isaiah 3:7 of repairing fortunes of people.

past (עבר) חִבֵּשׁ bind, restrain מִבְּכִי נהרות Job 28:11; participle (בינוני) מְחַבֵּשׁ bind up לְעַצְבוֹתָם Psalms 147:3.

past (עבר) be bound up חֻבְּשָׁה Ezekiel 30:21 (metaphorically) Pharaoh’s broken arm; חֻבָּ֑שׁוּ Isaiah 1:6 (wounds of land of Judah).

חָגָב

noun (masc.) ^{Ecclesiastes 12:5} locust, grasshopper (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; compare Targum), probably a non-flying species, see Kn in Dillmann Leviticus 11:22; הֶחָגָב allowed as food Leviticus 11:22 (P; ‖ אַרְבֶּה, סָלְעָם, חַרְגֹּל), כַּחֲגָבִים Numbers 13:33 (JE; sim. of insignificance), so Isaiah 40:22; as agent of Yahweh’s wrath חָגָב לֶאֱכוֹל חארץ II Chronicles 7:13; וְיִסְתַּבֵּל הֶחָגָב Ecclesiastes 12:5 and the grasshopper shall be a burden; better shall stuff itself, grow fat (s. סבל); De thinks ח׳ here figuratively of the back part of the pelvic cavity (Arabic حَجَبَةٌ is point of hip-bone, Böttcher, compare Lane), and refers to stiffness of aged joints, so Nowack; but the meaning is dubious; see other views in Comm.

חָגָב²

n.pr.m. head of a family of returning exiles Ezra 2:46 Septuagint Ἁγαβ (no ‖ in Nehemiah 7 H; but SeptuagintL Nehemiah 7:47 has both Αγαβ and Αγαβα, compare חֲגָבָא).

חֲגָבָא

n.pr.m. head of a family of returnng exiles Nehemiah 7:47, Septuagint Ἁγαβα (compare also foregoing) probably = following.

חֲגָבָה

n.pr.m. head of a family of returning exiles Ezra 2:45, probably = foregoing; Septuagint Ἁγαβα.

חָגַג

verb make pilgrimage, keep a pilgrim-feast (Arabic حَجَّ betake oneself to or towards an object of reverence; make a pilgrimage to Mecca; Sab. חגג make pilgrimage Sab. Denkm^{86, compare 85}; Syriac ܚܰܓܺܝ celebrate a feast. In Palmyrene חגגו is n.pr. Vog^{Noldeke. 61}; compare also Phoenician n.pr. חגי, חגת);—

past (עבר) 2nd masculine plural חַגֹּתֶם Exodus 12:14 + 2 times; future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular תָּחֹג Exodus 23:14 Deuteronomy 16:15; 3rd masculine plural יָח֫וֹגּוּ Psalms 107:27 (Böttcher's Hebrew Grammar § 1118 (2)); וְיָחֹ֫גּוּ Exodus 5:1; 2nd masculine plural תָּחֹ֫גּוּ Leviticus 23:39, Leviticus 23:41; with suffix תְּהָגֻּ֫הוּ Exodus 12:14; imperative (ציווי) f. חָגִּי Nahum 2:1; infinitive (מקור) construct חֹג Zechariah 14:18 + 2 times; participle (בינוני) חוֹגֵג Psalms 42:5; plural חֹגֲגִים I Samuel 30:16;—

keep a pilgrim-feast, absolute Exodus 5:1 of one proposed by Moses; שׁלשׁ רגלים תחג לי three times shalt thou make pilgrimage unto me (in the year) Exodus 23:14 (covt. code); of pilgrim-feasts in general Nahum 2:1, the Passover Exodus 12:14; elsewhere feast of Booths; all celebrated in part by sacred processions and dances; המון חוגג Psalms 42:5 multitude keeping festival (led by the Psalmist in procession); חגג חג Leviticus 23:39, Numbers 29:12, Nahum 2:1 Zechariah 14:16, Zechariah 14:18, Zechariah 14:19; חגג אתו חג Exodus 12:14, Leviticus 23:41; אתוֹ Leviticus 23:41; with suffix Exodus 12:14.

behave as at a חָג I Samuel 30:16 (of the Amalekites when surprised by David that is enjoying themselves merrily, Driver; others, circling in the sacred dance).

reel, in giddiness on the sea Psalms 107:27 (compare חָגָּא Isaiah 19:17); this either points to an earlier meaning of √; or better, the ψ being late, means reel as from festival excesses (‖ וְיָנוּעוּ כַשִּׁכּוֹר).

חַג

noun (masc.) ^{Isaiah 29:1} festival-gathering, feast, pilgrim-feast (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic ܚܰܓܳܐ, חַגָּא; Arabic حَجٌّ pilgrimage; Sab. חג DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 31}; Noldeke^{ZMG 1887, 719}; Robertson Smith^{Proph. Lect. ii. n. 6}; > Wellhausen^{Skizzen iii. 106, 165} sacred dance)—חַג absolute and construct Exodus 10:9 + 36 times; חָ֑ג Numbers 28:17 + 13 times; with suffix חַגִּי Exodus 23:18; חַגֶּךָ֑ Deuteronomy 16:14; חַגָּהּ Hosea 2:13; חַגֵּנוּ Psalms 81:4; plural חַגִּים Isaiah 29:1 + 2 times; with suffix חַגַּיִךְ Nahum 2:1; חַגֵּיכֶם Amos 5:21 + 2 times;—

feast, especially one observed by a pilgrimage (Exodus 23:14, Exodus 23:17):

special feast to the golden calf Exodus 32:5 (J; where there was a sacred dance v Exodus 32:19); a feast in the 8th month observed by Jeroboam in place of the feast of the 7th month in Judah I Kings 12:32, I Kings 12:33; pilgrim feast proposed by Moses Exodus 10:9; feast at Shiloh Judges 21:19. Elsewhere

apparently always of the three great pilgrim feasts, celebrated by processions and dancing: (1) in general Isaiah 30:29 Amos 8:10 Nahum 2:1; חגים ינקפו let feasts come round Isaiah 29:1; ‖ עצרות Amos 5:21; חַג לי׳ Leviticus 23:41; disting. from the more generally מועדים (sacred seasons) Ezekiel 45:17; Ezekiel 46:11 Hosea 9:5 (יום חג), and from specif. חדשׁים, שׁבתות as well, Hosea 2:13; (2) in particular: unleavened cakes and Passover חג (ה)מצות Exodus 23:15 = Exodus 34:18; Leviticus 23:6, Deuteronomy 16:16 II Chronicles 8:13; II Chronicles 30:13, II Chronicles 30:21; II Chronicles 35:17 Ezra 6:22; חג Exodus 12:14; first day of the seven Numbers 28:17; the last day Exodus 13:6; the seven Ezekiel 45:21, Ezekiel 45:23; חג חפסח Exodus 34:25, חגי Exodus 23:18 (both JE); בַּכֶּסֶה לְיּוֹם חַגֵּנוּ Psalms 81:4 (probably the full moon of Passover); חג הקציר Exodus 23:16 = חג שׁבעת Exodus 34:22, compare Deuteronomy 16:10, Deuteronomy 16:16 II Chronicles 8:13; חג האס(י)ף Exodus 23:16 = Exodus 34:22 = חג הסכ(ו)ת Leviticus 23:34, Deuteronomy 16:13, Deuteronomy 16:16; Deuteronomy 31:10 II Chronicles 8:13 Ezra 3:4 Zechariah 14:16, Zechariah 14:18, Zechariah 14:19; also חג י׳ Leviticus 23:39, הֶחָג I Kings 8:2, I Kings 8:65 = II Chronicles 5:3; II Chronicles 7:8, II Chronicles 7:9, Ezekiel 45 Nehemiah 8:14; חַגֶּךָ֑ (that is of people) Deuteronomy 16:14; Deuteronomy 16:7 days Numbers 29:12, Nehemiah 8:18.—Vbs. c. חג are: חגג Leviticus 23:39, Leviticus 23:41, Exodus 12:14 Numbers 29:12, Nahum 2:1 Zechariah 14:16, Zechariah 14:18, Zechariah 14:19; שׁמר Exodus 23:15 = Exodus 34:18; התקדשׁ Isaiah 30:29; but usually עשׂה Exodus 34:22, Deuteronomy 16:10, Deuteronomy 16:13 I Kings 8:65; I Kings 12:32, I Kings 12:33 II Chronicles 7:8, II Chronicles 7:9; II Chronicles 30:13, II Chronicles 30:21; II Chronicles 35:17 Ezra 3:4; Ezra 6:22 Nehemiah 8:18.

festival sacrifice (compare Mishnaic Hebrew חֲגִיגָה) Psalms 118:27 (see מזבח 12); Malachi 2:3 (RV after Gesenius' Thesaurus Ke al.: but AV Ewald Or feast).

חַגַּי

n.pr.m. (festal; Phoenician חגי, חגת; Palmyrene חגגו Vog^{Noldeke. 61})—the prophet Haggai Haggai 1:1, Haggai 1:3, Haggai 1:12, Haggai 1:13; Haggai 2:1, Haggai 2:10, Haggai 2:13, Haggai 2:14, Haggai 2:20 Ezra 5:1; Ezra 6:14; Septuagint Ἀγγαῖος.

חַגִּית

n.pr.f. (festal) wife of David and mother of Adonijah II Samuel 3:4 I Kings 1:5, I Kings 1:11; I Kings 2:13 I Chronicles 3:2; Septuagint Ἀγγιθ.

חָגְלָה

n.pr.f. (= partridge, see above)—a daughter of Ṣelophchad of Manasseh Numbers 26:33; Numbers 27:1; Numbers 36:11 Joshua 17:3 (all P); Septuagint Ἑγλα, A Αιγλα(μ). On n.pr.location בֵּית ח׳ see p. 111 b.

חָגַר

verb gird, gird on, gird oneself (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Aramaic חֲגַר; Arabic حَجَرَ hinder, restrain, so Syriac ܚܓܰܪ; Assyrian agâru, surround, in deriv., Delitzsch^{W 105 ff.}; Sab. מחגרת (compare Arabic مَحْجِرٌ, مَحَاجِر, enclosed space, district, etc.), DHM in Muhlau-Volck; also n.pr. dei and location חגר, Sab. Denkm^3.81.93 CIS^{iv. 1, Noldeke. 49} etc.)—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular חָֽגְרָה Proverbs 31:17; 2nd masculine singular וְהָגַרְתָּ֫ Exodus 29:9; 3rd plural חָֽגְרוּ Isaiah 15:3 Lamentations 2:10; וְח׳ consec. Ezekiel 7:18; Ezekiel 27:31; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַחְגֹּר Leviticus 16:4, וַיַּחְגֹּר Leviticus 8:7^(×2) + 4 times; with suffix יַחְגְּרֶ֑הָ Psalms 109:19; 2nd masculine singular תַּחְגֹּר Psalms 76:11 (but on text see below); 3rd masculine plural יַחְגְּרוּ Ezekiel 44:18 II Samuel 22:46 (but on text of both see below), וַיַּחְגְּרוּ I Samuel 25:13 I Kings 20:32; I Kings 20:3 fpl. תַּחְגֹּרְנָה Psalms 65:13; 2nd masculine plural וַתַּחְגְּרוּ Deuteronomy 1:41; imperative (ציווי) ms. חֲגֹר II Kings 4:29; II Kings 9:1, חֲגוֹר Psalms 45:4; fs. חִגְרִי־ Jeremiah 6:26; mpl. חִגְרוּ I Samuel 25:13 + 3 times; fpl. חֲגֹרְנָה Jeremiah 49:3, compare חֲג֖וֹרָה Isaiah 32:11 (see below); infinitive (מקור) construct לַחֲגֹר Isaiah 22:12; participle (בינוני) active חֹגֵר I Kings 20:11 II Kings 3:21; passive m. חָגוּר Judges 18:11 + 5 times; f. construct חֲגֻרַת־ Joel 1:8; plural חֲגוּרִים Exodus 12:11 Judges 18:16; חֲגֻרִים Daniel 10:5;—

trans., gird some one, with girdle; c. 2 direct object Exodus 29:9 Leviticus 8:13 (both P); passive, girded with ephod (direct object) I Samuel 2:18 II Samuel 6:14; followed by בְּ Daniel 10:5, with a direct object and בְּ, figuratively Proverbs 31:17, חגרה בְּעוז מתניה Leviticus 8:7^(×2), with a direct object מתנים gird up thy loins, that is make ready to go II Kings 4:29; II Kings 9:1, passive Exodus 12:11; compare probably also חֲג֖וֹרָה עַל־חֲלָצָ֑יִם Isaiah 32:11 gird upon the loins (2nd direct object om.); on verb. form as imperative (ציווי) fpl. see AE Ki Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 226 a Dillmann Duhm; > as ms. Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 234 a Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 48. 5 Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 591 d König's Hebrew Grammar § 20. 12.

gird on, bind on (= gird oneself with), a girdle Psalms 109:19 (in sim.); so especially with a direct object שׂק, שׂקים of mourning Isaiah 15:3; Isaiah 22:12 Lamentations 2:10 Ezekiel 7:18; Ezekiel 27:31 II Samuel 3:31 Jeremiah 4:8; Jeremiah 6:26; Jeremiah 49:3; also I Kings 20:32 (with a direct object שׂק + ב bef. מתנים); passive, followed by על bef. obj. of mourning Joel 1:8 (sim.); absolute (שׂק om.) Joel 1:13 (‖ ספדו); followed by חֶרֶב I Samuel 25:13^(×3) Deuteronomy 1:41; Psalms 45:4 ח׳ חרב על יָרֵךְ, so Judges 3:16, I Samuel 17:39 (followed by direct object + מֵעַל); with a direct object cogn. ח׳ חגורה II Kings 3:21; absolute I Kings 20:11; passive Judges 18:11, Judges 18:16, Judges 18:17 II Samuel 20:8 b (where read חֶרֶב Klostermann Driver—not Wellhausen), II Samuel 21:16; read perhaps also חָגוּר for חֲגוֹר II Samuel 20:8 c, so Klostermann Driver.

intr. gird oneself, followed by בְּ rei Leviticus 16:4, so לֹא יַח׳ בַיָּ֑זַע they shall not gird themselves with sweat(?) Ezekiel 44:18 (del. Peshitta Co Sgfr); with a direct object rei (figuratively) גִּיל גְּבָעוֹת תַּח׳ Psalms 65:13 with rejoicing the hills gird themselves; compare שְׁאֵרִית חֵמֹת תַּחְ׳ Psalms 76:11 with a remnant (residue) of wraths thou girdest thyself, so Hitzig Hup De VB; but very doubtful; Septuagint Böttcher; Ewald read תְּחָגֶּ֑ךָ for תַּחגר; Bae Ka omit line as corrupt; compare further Cheyne and crit. n.—וְיַחְגְּרוּ II Samuel 22:46 is textual error for וְיַחְרְגוּ, compare ‖ Psalms 18:46; so Nowack Hup Kittel al.

חֲגוֹר

n.[m.] belt, girdle (distinct from אֵזוֹר waist-cloth, Cheyne ^{Je, in Pulpit Comm. (1883) 333; Jerem, Life and Times (1888) 161} Robertson Smith^{JQ Jan. 1882, 289 ff.})—חֲגוֹר for sword II Samuel 20:8 (yet read probably חָגוּר, Th Wellhausen Klostermann Driver), compare I Samuel 18:4; article of commerce Proverbs 31:24 (coll.? or of a richly adorned girdle?).

חֲגוֹרָה

noun (fem.) girdle loin-covering, belt—חֲגוֹרָה Isaiah 3:24; חֲגֹרָה II Samuel 18:11 II Kings 3:21; with suffix חֲגֹרָתוֹ I Kings 2:5; Pl. חֲגֹרֹת Genesis 3:7;—girdle, loin-covering Genesis 3:7; as article of women’s dress Isaiah 3:24; belt of warrior I Kings 2:5 II Kings 3:21 (חֹגֵר ח׳), compare II Samuel 18:11.—On חֲג֖וֹרָה Isaiah 32:11 see חָגַר 1.

חַד²

Ezekiel 33:30 see אֶחָד.

חַד³

see sub חדד.

חָדַד

verb be sharp, keen (Aramaic חֲדַד; Mishnaic Hebrew חִדֵּד sharpen; Arabic حَدَّ be sharp and sharpen; Assyrian uddudu, sharpen, Delitzsch^{Pr 174}; compare I. חָדָה)—

past (עבר) וְחַדּ֫וּ מִזְּאֵבֵי עֶרֶב consec. Habakkuk 1:8 are keener than evening wolves (of impetuous Chaldean horses).

הֵחֵד (Cheyne Or Brd) or יַחֵד (Näg compare Driver^{§ 123 a, R}), ins. Isaiah 44:12 after Septuagint Peshitta: the smith sharpeneth an axe.

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular הוּחַדָּה Ezekiel 21:14, Ezekiel 21:15, Ezekiel 21:16 be sharpened (in all, subj. חֶרֶב).

הִתְאַחֲדִי Ezekiel 21:21.

חַד⁴

adjective sharp—only fs. חַדָּה, of חֶרֶב Ezekiel 5:1; in figuratively of tongue Psalms 57:5; sim. of mouth Isaiah 49:2; figuratively of end of (that is final experience with) strange woman ח׳ כְּחֶרֶב פִּיּוֹת Proverbs 5:4 (‖ מָרָ֯ה כַלַּעֲנָה).—i. חַד see sub אֶחָד.

חֲדַד

n.pr.m. (on this and following compare Palmyrene n.pr. חדודן Vog^{Noldeke. 96}, Sab. חדד Hal²⁷);—a son of Ishmael Genesis 25:15 (compare Baer’s n.; van d. H. חֲדַר) Septuagint Χοδδαν, SeptuagintL Χοδδαδ; = I Chronicles 1:30 Septuagint Χονδαν, A Χοδδαδ, SeptuagintL Αδαδ.

חָדִיד

n.pr.location in Benj., mentioned with לֹד and אוֹנוֹ Ezra 2:33 = Nehemiah 7:36; with these and other places Nehemiah 11:34; probably = Ἀδιδά The Book of Maccabees I (Kahana Translation) 12:38, Ἀδίδοις The Book of Maccabees I (Kahana Translation) 13:13; mod. El-Ḥadite c. 3 1/4 miles N. of E. from Lydda, Gutheérin^{Judée i. 320} (compare Rob^{BR iii. 143}).

חָדָה

verb be or grow sharp;—

grow sharp, future (עתיד) apoc. = juss. יָ֑חַד Proverbs 27:17;

sharpen (figuratively), future (עתיד) apoc. יַ֫חַד Proverbs 27:17; בַּרְזֶל בְּבַרְזֶל יָ֑חַד וְאִישׁ יַחַד פְּנֵי־רֵעֵהוּ let iron by means of iron grow sharp, and let a man sharpen the countenance (presence, bearing) of his friend;—so Ki^{Michl. 126 a} De Nowack Konig^{Lgb i, 373 f.}, compare Strack. (who however makes both forms Hiph.)

חָדָה²

verb rejoice (Assyrian ḫadû Delitzsch^{Pr 153}; Aramaic ܚܕܳܐ, חֲדָא)—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיִּ֫חַדְּ Exodus 18:9, and Jethro rejoiced over (עַל rei); juss. אַל־יִ֫חַדְּ Job 3:6 let it not rejoice among (בְּ) the days of the year, that is not take its place joyfully among them (figuratively of day of Job’s birth).—Klostermann proposes וְלֹא חָדוּ … בְּ I Samuel 6:19 for וַיַּךְ … בְּ compare also Driver

future (עתיד) with suffix (causat.) תְּחַדֵּהוּ בְשִׂמְחָה Psalms 21:7 thou makest him joyful (Cheyne cheerest him) with gladness (‖ תְּשִׁיתֵהוּ בְרָכוֹת).

חָדַל

verb cease (Sab. חדל be negligent, Sab. Denkm.⁷⁶)—

past (עבר) חָדַל Genesis 18:11 + 4 times; וְחָדַל consec. Numbers 9:13 Psalms 49:9; 2nd masculine singular וְחָדַלְתָּ֫ Exodus 23:5; plural חָֽדְלוּ Judges 5:6 + 4 times; חָדֵ֑לּוּ (compare Konig^{i, 243}) Judges 5:7 I Samuel 2:5; 1st plural חָדַלְנוּ Jeremiah 44:18; future (עתיד) יֶחְדַּל Deuteronomy 15:11 + (Job 10:20 Kt יחדל jussive > Qr וַחֲדָ֑ל imperative (ציווי)); אֶחְדָּ֑ל Judges 15:7 + 3 times; וְאַחְדְּלָה Job 16:6; plural יֶחְדָּ֑לוּ Ezekiel 2:5 + 2 times; יֶחְדָּלוּ֔ן Exodus 9:29; וַיַּחְדְּלוּ Genesis 11:8 Exodus 9:33, נֶחְדָּ֑ל I Kings 22:15, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct חֲדֹל I Samuel 12:23; imperative (ציווי) חֲדַל Exodus 14:12 +, etc.; חִדְלוּ Isaiah 1:16; Isaiah 2:22; חֲדָ֑לוּ Zechariah 11:12;—

cease, come to an end Exodus 9:29, Exodus 9:33, Exodus 9:34, Isaiah 24:8; impers. חָדַל לִהְיוֹת לְשָׂרָה Genesis 18:11; cease to be Deuteronomy 15:11 (followed by מִן), and poet. Judges 5:6, Judges 5:7^(×2) I Samuel 2:5 Job 14:7; = be lacking, fail Job 19:14 Proverbs 10:19.

cease, leave off, followed by inf. c. לְ Genesis 11:8, Genesis 41:49, Numbers 9:13, I Samuel 12:23; I Samuel 23:13 Jeremiah 44:18; Jeremiah 51:30 Deuteronomy 23:23 Psalms 36:4 Proverbs 19:27 Ruth 1:18; inf. alone Isaiah 1:16; so also Hosea 8:10, where read וְחָֽדְלוּ for וַיָּחֵלּוּ Septuagint Cheyne Wellhausen; followed by inf. c. מִן Exodus 23:5, I Kings 15:21=II Chronicles 16:5; followed by noun c. מִן (cease regarding) Isaiah 2:22 (but Cheyne Duhm al. treat see as interpol.; om. Septuagint), I Samuel 9:5 Proverbs 23:4; followed by מֵאלהים II Chronicles 35:21, that is leave off provoking God; Exodus 14:12, followed by מִמֶּנּו desist from us, let us alone; Job 7:16; followed by direct object Job 3:17 ח׳ רֹגֶז; Job 14:6 have rest (that is cease from being troubled, see Dillmann; compare v Job 14:1); no complem. expressed, cease, forbear Judges 15:7; Judges 20:28 Amos 7:5 I Kings 22:6, I Kings 22:15 = II Chronicles 18:5, II Chronicles 18:14, Jeremiah 40:4; Jeremiah 41:8 Zechariah 11:12 Psalms 49:9 Job 16:6 II Chronicles 25:16 Job 10:20 (but read here probably יְמֵי חֶלְדִּי Septuagint Peshitta Bi Budde Duhm); specif. of refusal to hear Ezekiel 2:5, Ezekiel 2:7; Ezekiel 3:11, Ezekiel 3:27 (all opposite שָׁמַע).

past (עבר) (contracted) c. interrog. particle הֶחֳדַלְתִּי Judges 9:9, Judges 9:11, Judges 9:13 should I be made to leave, followed by direct object (compare Konig^{i, 240 ff.}); but perhaps read הֶחָדַלְתִּי, Qal past (עבר) Stu Be, compare, for direct object followed by, Job 3:17.

חָדֵל

adjective forbearing, lacking, הֶחָדֵל as noun Ezekiel 3:27 he that forbeareth (opposite שׁמע, compare חָדֵל Qal ad fin.); construct חֲדַל אִישִׁים Isaiah 53:3 lacking men (that is forsaken by them);—ceasing, transient מֶה־חָדֵל אָ֑נִי Psalms 39:5, but read rather חֶלֶד, see Cheyne^{crit. n.}

חֶ֫דֶל

n.[m.] cessation, only יוֹשְׁבֵי חָ֑דֶל Isaiah 38:11 (so Baer) inhabitants of (land of) cessation, that is of Sheʾôl; see Dillmann; but read rather חָ֑לֶד, see חֶלֶד.

חַדְלָ֑י

n.pr.m. an Ephraimite, II Chronicles 28:12, Septuagint Χοαδ, A Αδδι, SeptuagintL Αδλι.

חֵ֫דֶק

n.[m.] brier (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic חִדְקָא Löw^{p. 147, Noldeke. 104}; compare Arabic حَدَقٌ a kind of nightshare, see Lane⁵³²);—טוֹבָם כְּחֵדֶק Micah 7:4 the best of them (si vera l.) is like the brier (‖ יָשָׁר מִמְּסוּכָה); דֶּרֶךְ עָצֵל כִּמְשֻׂכַת חָ֑דֶק Proverbs 15:19 the way of a sluggard is like a brier-hedge.

חִדֶּ֫קֶל

n.pr.fl. Tigris (Sum. Idigna, Assyrian Idiḳlat, Dillmannḳlat, O.-Pers. Tigrâ Spieg^{APK, Gloss.}, etc.), the famous Assyrian river; see especially Delitzsch^{Pa 110 f. 170 ff.}; ח׳ Genesis 2:14; חִדָּ֑קֶל Daniel 10:4.

חֶ֫דֶר

noun (masc.) I Chronicles 28:11 chamber, room (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Phoenician חדר, חדרת; Sab. חֿדר Mordt^{ZMG, 1876, 24}; Ethiopic ማኅደር ማኅደር is not ‘chamber’, but (from √ ኀደረ dwell) dwelling-place, abode, tent.) absolute חֶדֶר II Samuel 13:10 + 11 times; הַחַ֫דְרָה Genesis 43:30 I Kings 1:15; הֶחָ֑דְרָה Judges 15:1 II Samuel 13:10; construct חֶ֫דֶר Song of Songs 3:4; חֲדַר Exodus 7:28 + 5 times; with suffix חֶדְרוֹ Joel 2:16; plural חֲדָרִים Deuteronomy 32:25 Proverbs 24:4; Proverbs 24:4; construct חַדְרֵי Proverbs 7:27 + 8 times; with suffix חֲדָרֶיךָ Isaiah 26:20; חֲדָרָיו Song of Songs 1:4 I Chronicles 28:11;—room, chamber, usually private, as bedroom Genesis 43:30, Judges 15:1; Judges 16:9, Judges 16:12 II Samuel 13:10^(×2) I Kings 1:15 Song of Songs 1:4 Isaiah 26:20; Judges 14:18 read probably הַחַדְרָה bridal-chamber for הַחַרְסָה Stade^{journal ZAW 1884, 253}, compare Joel 2:16 (‖ חֻפָּתָהּ of bride), ח׳ הוֹרָתִי Song of Songs 3:4 (‖ בֵּית אִמִּי); of kings (of Egypt) Psalms 105:30; specif.: ח׳ מִשְׁכָּב bed-chamber Exodus 7:28, II Samuel 4:7 II Kings 6:12 Ecclesiastes 10:20; other combinations:—ח׳ הַמְּקֵרָה Judges 3:24 = cool chamber; ח׳ הַפְּנִימִים I Chronicles 28:11 inner chamber; חדרי מַשְׂבִּיתוֹ Ezekiel 8:12 his chambers of imagery (del. Hitzig Co Sgfr.); ח׳ בְּח׳ a chamber within a chamber, that is an innermost chamber I Kings 20:30; I Kings 22:25 = II Chronicles 18:24, II Kings 9:2; plural = store-rooms Proverbs 24:4; so ח׳ הַמִּטּוֹת II Kings 11:2 = II Chronicles 22:11, that is room where beds were stored (Ke Th); metaphorically ח׳ מָ֑וֶת Proverbs 7:27 (‖ דַּרְכֵי שְׁאוֹל); חדרי תֵּמָן Job 9:9 chambers of south (where constellations are treasured up, see Dillmann; Hoffmann. thinks of n.pr. of star or constell.); compare Job 37:9 a chamber whence comes storm-wind (סוּפָה); חַדְרֵי בֶטֶן that is inner parts of body, only figuratively Proverbs 18:8 = Proverbs 26:22, Proverbs 20:27, Proverbs 20:30; in Deuteronomy 32:25 מֵחֲדָרִים = within, poet. for מִבַּיִת, ‖ מִחוּץ without.

חַדְרָ֔ךְ

n.pr.terr. only Zechariah 9:1 אֶרֶץ ח׳ (‖ דַּמֶּשֶׂק); perch. = Assyrian Ḫatarakka, Ḫatari(k)ka, a district near Damascus and Hamath; see Schr^{COT ad location}, Delitzsch^{Pa 279}.

חָדַשׁ

verb only Pi. (and Hithp.) renew, repair (poet. and late) (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Phoenician חדש; n. חדש new moon, also in קרתחדשת new-city = Carthage; Aramaic حَدَثَ and חַדֵּשׁ; Arabic ܚܰܕܶܬ be new, Ethiopic ሐደሰ i. 2. renew; Sab. החדתֿ, see Os (Levy)^{ZMG 1865, 204} Mordt^{ZMG 1876, 30}; Assyrian [adâšu], uddiš, renew, eššu, new, etc. Delitzsch^{W 199 ff.})—

past (עבר) וְחִדְּשׁוּ consec. Isaiah 61:4; future (עתיד) וַיְחַדֵּשׁ II Chronicles 15:8; 2nd masculine singular תְּחַדֵּשׁ Job 10:17 Psalms 104:30; וּנְחַדֵּשׁ I Samuel 11:14; imperative (ציווי) חַדֵּשׁ Psalms 51:12 Lamentations 5:21; infinitive (מקור) לְחַדֵּשׁ II Chronicles 24:4, II Chronicles 24:12;—

renew, make anew הַמְּלוּכָה I Samuel 11:14 (editorial); פני אדמה Psalms 104:30, רוּחַ Psalms 51:12 (‖ בּרא); = bring back יָמֵינוּ כְּקֶדֶם Lamentations 5:21; ח׳ עדיך Job 10:17 that is bringest fresh (new) witnesses.

repair, cities Isaiah 61:4, temple II Chronicles 24:4, II Chronicles 24:12, altar II Chronicles 15:8.

future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תִּתְחַדֵּשׁ c. plural subj. ת׳ כַּנֶּשֶׁר נְעוּרָ֑יְכִי Psalms 103:5 thy youth reneweth itself, like the eagle.

חָדָשׁ

adjective new(on format. see Lg^{BN 48})—ח׳ absolute Exodus 1:8 + 19 times; f. חֲדָשָׁה Leviticus 23:16 + 19 times; plural חֲדָשִׁים Deuteronomy 32:17 + 10 times; f. חֲדָשׁוֹת Isaiah 42:9; Isaiah 48:6;—new, usually

attrib. Exodus 1:8 a new king; so of house Deuteronomy 20:5, Deuteronomy 22, wife Deuteronomy 24:5, cords Judges 15:13; Judges 16:11, Judges 16:12, cart I Samuel 6:7 II Samuel 6:3^(×2) (but del. in v b, compare Wellhausen Driver)=1 Ch; I Chronicles 13:7; garment I Kings 11:29, I Kings 11:30, vessel II Kings 2:20, wine-skins Joshua 9:13 Job 32:19, threshing instr. Isaiah 41:15; meal-offering Leviticus 23:16 Numbers 28:26; especially (poet.) שִׁיר ח׳ a new song (of praise) Psalms 33:3; Psalms 40:4; Psalms 96:1; Psalms 98:1; Psalms 144:9 Psalms 149:1 Isaiah 42:10; בְּרִית ח׳ Jeremiah 31:31; שָׁמַיִם חדשׁים וארץ חדשׁה Isaiah 65:17 compare Isaiah 65:17 compare Isaiah 66:22; שֵׁם ח׳ Isaiah 62:2; רוּחַ ח׳ a new spirit Ezekiel 11:19; Ezekiel 18:31; Ezekiel 36:26, + לֵב ח׳ Ezekiel 18:31; Ezekiel 36:26; פֶּתַח שַׁעַר־י׳ הֶח׳ Jeremiah 26:10 new gate of (house of) י׳, compare Jeremiah 36:10 (see Gf Jeremiah 20:2); also הֶחָצֵר הַח׳ II Chronicles 20:5 the new court (see Be Öt); אלהים חדשׁים Judges 5:8 new gods? judges? text probably corrupt, compare Noldeke^{ZMG 1888, 477}, Müll^{Königsb. Stud. i.}, GACooke^{Deb. 34 ff.} and conjunction by Budde^{Robertson Smith, 103}, Robertson Smith in Bla^Judges; in generally אֵין כָּל־ח׳ Ecclesiastes 1:9 there is nothing new; with no noun expr. חָגוּר חֲדָשָׁה II Samuel 21:16 girt with a new (sword: but text perhaps corrupt, compare Wellhausen Klostermann Driver), of (food-)products of earth (opposite יָשָׁן) Leviticus 26:10 Song of Songs 7:14; חֲדָשִׁים Deuteronomy 32:17 new ones (that is gods; ‖ מִקָּרֹב בָּאוּ); in generally f. חֲדָשָׁה a new thing Isaiah 43:19 Jeremiah 31:22, fpl. Isaiah 42:9 (opposite הָרִאשֹׁנוֹת), Isaiah 48:6.

very rarely predicate: of י׳’s compassions חדשׁים לַבְּקָרִם Lamentations 3:23 they are new every morning; כְּבוֹדִי ח׳ עִמָּדִי Job 29:20 my glory shall be fresh with me; רְאֵה זֶה ח׳ הוּא Ecclesiastes 1:10 see, this is new!

חֹ֫דֶשׁ

noun (masc.) Genesis 7:11 (f. Masoretic Text Genesis 38:24 but m. Sam Dillmann) (newness), new moon, month (on format. compare Lg^{BN 144}; on usage, names, etc., Muss-Arnolt^{JBL 1892, 72 ff., 160 ff.})—ח׳ absolute Genesis 7:11 +; construct (rare) Genesis 29:14 +; with suffix חָדְשׁוֹ Numbers 28:14 + 2 times; חָדְשָׁהּ Hosea 2:13 Jeremiah 2:24; plural חֳדָשִׁים Genesis 38:24 +; construct חָדְשֵׁי Exodus 12:2 + 2 times; with suffix חֳדָשָׁיו Job 14:5 + 2 times; חָדְשֵׁיכֶם Isaiah 1:14 Numbers 28:11; חָדְשֵׁכֶם Numbers 10:10;—

new moon=day, time, of new moon, as religious festival I Samuel 20:5, I Samuel 20:18, I Samuel 20:24, I Samuel 20:27, I Samuel 20:34 (Driver); compare יֹאכְלֵם ח׳ Hosea 5:7 a new moon shall devour them, Hitzig St VB, but on text see Wellhausen; usually ‖ שַׁבָּת Amos 8:5 II Kings 4:23 Isaiah 1:13 (+קְרֹא מִקְרָא), מִדֵּי חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֹ Isaiah 66:23, Ezekiel 46:1, Ezekiel 46:6 (both יוֹם הַח׳), I Chronicles 23:31 II Chronicles 2:3; II Chronicles 8:13; II Chronicles 31:3 Nehemiah 10:34 (all + מוֹעֵד), Hosea 2:13 Ezekiel 45:17 (both + חג, מועד); ‖ מוֹעֵד alone Isaiah 1:14 Ezekiel 3:5; ‖ יוֹם חַגֵּנוּ Psalms 81:4; (compare רֹאשׁ הַח׳ Numbers 10:10; Numbers 28:11; on religious observance of new moon compare Dillmann Lv p. 578 f Benz^Archäol. ^{§ 69}); as time of augury in Babylon (astrolog. prognost.) Isaiah 47:13.

month (as beginning with new moon, lunar month; compare Benz^Archäol. ^{§ 30}, but then, without ref. to day of beginning):

as measure of time during which Genesis 38:24, Numbers 11:20, Numbers 11:21, Numbers 9:22, Judges 11:37, Judges 11:38, Judges 11:39; Judges 20:47 I Samuel 6:1; I Samuel 27:7 II Samuel 2:11; II Samuel 5:5; II Samuel 6:11; II Samuel 24:8, II Samuel 24:13 = I Chronicles 21:12, Amos 4:7 I Kings 4:7; I Kings 5:7, I Kings 5:28^(×3); I Kings 11:16 II Kings 15:8; II Kings 23:31; II Kings 24:8 Ezekiel 39:12, Ezekiel 39:14 I Chronicles 3:4; I Chronicles 13:14 II Chronicles 36:2, II Chronicles 36:9 Esther 2:12^(×3). In I Samuel 10:27 b read probably כְּמֵחֹרֶשׁ for Masoretic Text כמחרישׁ, and join to I Samuel 11:1, so Septuagint Wellhausen Driver (compare Genesis 38:24); in combinatios, ח׳ יָמִים a month (of) time (compare יֶרַח ימים Deuteronomy 21:1 II Kings 15:23) Genesis 29:14, Numbers 11:20, Numbers 11:26, ימים ארבעה ח׳ Judges 19:2; of age מִסְפַּר־ח׳ number of his months=length of his life Job 14:5; Job 21:21; compare especially בֶּן־ח׳ Leviticus 27:6 Numbers 3:15, Numbers 3:22, Numbers 3:28, Numbers 3:34, Numbers 3:39, Numbers 3:40, Numbers 3:43; Numbers 18:16; Numbers 26:62 (all P).

calendar months, †(1) with names ח׳ הָאָבִיב Exodus 13:4; Exodus 23:15; Exodus 34:18^(×2) (all JE; = 1st mo. Exodus 12:2 P), Deuteronomy 16:11; ח׳ זִו I Kings 6:1 (=2nd mo. ib.;=יֶרַח זִו v I Kings 6:37); compare I Kings 8:2 (הַח׳ הַשְּׁבִיעִי = יֶרַח הָאֵתָנִים), I Kings 6:38 (הַח׳ הַשְּׁמִינִי = יֶרַח בּוּל); in the postex. books occur Babyl. names (see the several words):—ח׳ נִיסָן Nehemiah 2:1 Esther 3:7 (= 1st mo. Esther 3:7); ח׳ סִיוָן Esther 8:9=3rd mo.; ח׳ כִּסְלֵו Zechariah 7:1 Nehemiah 1:1 (=9th mo. Zechariah 7:1); ח׳ טֵבֵ֑ת Esther 2:16=10th mo.; ח׳ שְׁבָט Zechariah 1:7=11th mo.; ח׳ אֲדָר Esther 3:7, Esther 3:13; Esther 8:12; Esther 9:1 in all=12th mo., Esther 9:15, Esther 9:17, Esther 9:19, Esther 9:21; (compare also אֱלוּל Nehemiah 6:15, without ח׳ or יֶרַח; this was 6th mo.; see further Schr^COT Nehemiah 1:1 Benz^l.c.).† (2) merely numbered (chiefly P and late) for example בַּח׳ הַשֵּׁנִי Genesis 7:11, compare Genesis 8:4, Genesis 8:5, Genesis 8:14 Leviticus 16:29 Numbers 1:1, Numbers 1:18 (all P) + often P; Deuteronomy 1:3, I Kings 12:32, I Kings 12:33; II Kings 25:1, II Kings 25:3, II Kings 25:8, II Kings 25:25, II Kings 25:27 Jeremiah 1:3 + 11 times Je, Ezekiel 24:1; Ezekiel 32:1 Haggai 1:1, Haggai 1:15 Zechariah 1:1; Zechariah 7:1, Zechariah 7:3; I Chronicles 12:15, compare entire list I Chronicles 27:2-15 II Chronicles 3:2 + 12 times 2 Ch; Ezra 3:1 + 10 times Ezr; Nehemiah 7:71; Nehemiah 8:2, Nehemiah 8:14 Esther 3:12; note especially הַח׳ הַזֶּה לָכֶם רֹאשׁ חָדָשִׁ֑ים רִאשׁוֹן הוּא לָכֶם Exodus 12:2, as implying that the 1st mo. was formerly not in the spring; observe also usage of omitting ח׳, for example בָּרִאשׁוֹן = בַּח׳ הָר׳ Genesis 8:13, compare v Genesis 8:5; so commonly in Ezek.:—Ezekiel 1:1; Ezekiel 8:1; Ezekiel 20:1; Ezekiel 29:1, Ezekiel 29:17; Ezekiel 30:20; Ezekiel 31:1; Ezekiel 33:21; Ezekiel 45:18, Ezekiel 45:21, Ezekiel 45:25 + Ezekiel 26:1; Ezekiel 32:17; Ezekiel 45:20 Co(ח׳ sometimes expr., see Ezekiel 24:1; Ezekiel 32:1 above; on like usage with יום see יום). (3) special phrases and usages are:— †עֹלַת חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֹ לְחָדְשֵׁי שָׁנָה Numbers 28:14 (P; compare יום, and Isaiah 66:23 above 1); מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם וּמֵחֹדֶשׁ לְחֹדֶשׁ Esther 3:7 from day to day and from month to month; חָדְשָׁהּ Jeremiah 2:24 of wild she-ass’s mating time.†

חֹ֫דֶשׁ²

n.pr.f. a wife of Shaharaim of Benj. I Chronicles 8:9, Septuagint Ἁδα, SeptuagintL Βαδαα (so v I Chronicles 8:8 = בַּעֲרָה).

חָדְשִׁי

in n.pr.location אֶרֶץ תַּחְתִּים ח׳ II Samuel 24:6, read א׳ הַחִתִּים קֵדְשָׁה see Hitzig^{Gesch. Isr. i. 29}, SeptuagintL εἰς γῆν Χεττιειμ Καδης; compare Driver^{ad location} and (in part) Klostermann; see also קֵדֶשׁ.

חוֹב

n.[m.] debt (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic ܚܰܘܒܳܐ, חוֹבָא);—חֲבֹלָתוֹ ח׳ יָשִׁיב Ezekiel 18:7 his pledge as to indebtedness he restores, see Hitzig-Smend Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 291 b Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 131 R 5, b Konig^{Lgb. i. 497 f.} and compare Driver^{§ 193} (but construct hard: Co שׁוֹב; dittogr. from חבל׳ Bev Daniel 1:10, compare v Daniel 1:12, Daniel 1:16).

חוֹבָה

n.pr.location Genesis 14:15, north of Damascus; mod. Ḫoba, 20 hours N. of Dam., according to Wetzstein ^{Del Gn. ed. 4, 561 ff.} so Dillmann.

חוּג

verb draw round, make circle (Aramaic ܚܳܓ circumivit; n. ܚܽܘܓܬܳܐ, חוּגְתָּא, circle, vault of heavens)

past (עבר) חֹק חָג על־פני מים Job 26:10 (compare Proverbs 8:27), hath drawn as circle bound, of horizon-line.

חוּג²

n.[m.] vault, horizon; of the heavens, sea and earth חוּג שׁמים התהלך Job 22:14; בְּחֻקֿוֹ חוּג על־פני תהום Proverbs 8:27 (compare חקק on p. 349a); היֹשֵׁב עַל־חוּג הארץ Isaiah 40:22.

חִידָה

noun (fem.) riddle, enigmatic, perplexing saying or question;—absolute ח׳ Judges 14:12 + 6 times; with suffix חִידָתִי Judges 14:18 Psalms 49:5; חִידָֽתְךָ Judges 14:13; plural absolute חִידוֹת I Kings 10:1 + 4 times; חִידֹת Numbers 12:8; with suffix חִידֹתָם Proverbs 1:6;—

riddle = dark, obscure utterance Numbers 12:8 (JE; opposite פֶּה־אֶל־פֶּה and מַרְאֶה); of something put indirectly and needing interpretation;—an allegory חוד ח׳ Ezekiel 17:2 (‖ מְשֹׁל מָשָׁל); allegor. and figuratively sayings Proverbs 1:6 (‖ מְלִיצָה מָשָׁל and דִּבְרֵי חֲכָמִים); enigmat. sentences and comparisons, declaring fate of Chaldeans Habakkuk 2:6 (+ מְלִיצָה; ‖ מָשָׁל), perplexing moral problem Psalms 49:5 (c. פָּתַח open, propound; ‖ מָשָׁל), a lesson taught indirectly Psalms 78:2 (ח׳ מִנִּי קֶדֶם, c. הִבִּיעַ; ‖ מָשָׁל).

riddle, enigma, to be guessed, in Judges 14:

with verb חוּד Judges 14:12, Judges 14:13, Judges 14:16 propound a riddle.

with verb הִגִּיד tell (give answer to) a riddle Judges 14:14, Judges 14:15, Judges 14:17, Judges 14:19.

with verb מצא find out a riddle Judges 14:18.

perplexing questions by which queen of Sheba put Sol. to the test (נִסָּה) I Kings 10:1 = II Chronicles 9:1.

with הֵבִין skilled in double-dealing Daniel 8:23 (Bev).

חוּד

verbdenom. propound a riddle;—

past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular חַדְתָּה Judges 14:16; future (עתיד) אָח֫וּדָה Judges 14:12; imperative (ציווי) (חִידָה וּמְשֹׁל מָשָׁל) חוּד Ezekiel 17:2; חוּ֫דָה Judges 14:13; always c. חידה direct object cogn.

חַוָּה

n.pr.f. (life, vid. Dillmann Genesis 3:20; > Wellhausen^{Prol. 1886, 322; Skizzen iii. 217} after Noldeke who suggests serpent as poss. meaning, compare Arabic حَيَّةٌ; but Robertson Smith^{K 177} ‘mother of every ḥayy,’ see ii. חַי sub חיה)—Genesis 3:20 and the man called his wife חַוָּ֑ה, because she was אֵם כָּל־חָֽי׃; compare ח׳ אִשְׁתּוֹ Genesis 4:1 (both J).—ii. חַוָּה village, see below sub ii.חוה.

חַוָּה²

noun (fem.) tent-village—Pl. חַוֹּתֵיהֶם Numbers 32:41, compare Dillmann. Elsewhere in cpd. appellative, almost = n.pr. חַוֹּת יָאִיר Deuteronomy 3:14 Joshua 13:30, Judges 10:4 I Kings 4:13 I Chronicles 2:23.—i. חַוָּה n.pr.f. see above

חָוָה

verb only Pi. (poet. & late), tell, declare (Aramaic ܚܰܘܺܝ, חַוֵּי)—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְחַוֶּה־ Psalms 19:3; 1st singular אֲחַוֶּה Job 32:10, Job 32:17; with suffix אֲחַוְךָ Job 15:17, אֲחַוֶּךָּ Job 36:2; infinitive (מקור) construct חַוֹּת;—declare, make known, with a direct object דָּ֑עַת Psalms 19:3 (subj. לַיְלָה, followed by לְלַיְלָה; ‖ יַבִּיעַ אֹמֶר); with a direct object דֵּעִי Job 32:10, Job 32:17; c. 2 direct object וָאִירָא מֵחַוֹּת דֵּעִי אֶתְכֶם Job 32:6, followed by with suffix person + obj. cl., וַאֲחַוֶּ֑ךָּ כִּי־עוֹד לֶאֱלוֹהַּ מִלִּֽים׃ Job 36:2 and I will shew thee that (there are) yet words for God; followed by with suffix person only Job 15:17;—read probably also וַאֲחַוֶּה for וַאֲקַוֶּה Psalms 52:11 Hitzig Cheyne al.

חוֹזָ֑י

II Chronicles 33:19 see sub חזה.

חוֹחַ

noun (masc.) ^{II Kings 14:9} 1. brier, bramble. 2. hook, ring, fetter;—ח׳ absolute Hosea 9:6 + 8 times; plural חֲוָחִים I Samuel 13:6 (but see below), חוֹחִים Song of Songs 2:2; חֹחִים II Chronicles 33:11;—

brier, bramble II Kings 14:9^(×2) = II Chronicles 25:18^(×2) (allegory of Jehoash); coll., sign of desolation Hosea 9:6 (‖ קִמּוֹשׁ), Isaiah 34:13 (‖ קִמּוֹשׁ, סִירִים), Job 31:40 (opposite חִטִּים); in sim. of fool’s parable ח׳ עָלָה בְּיַד־שִׁכּוֹר Proverbs 26:9 a brier cometh into the hand of a drunken man (De Nowack Strack); כְּשׁוֹשַׁנָּה בֵּין הַחוֹחִים Song of Songs 2:2; briers = thickets as hiding-places I Samuel 13:6 (but Ewald Wellhausen Driver חוֹרִים holes, compare I Samuel 14:11; see sub iii. חרר; ‖ מְעָרוֹת, סְלָעִים, צְרִחִים, בֹּרוֹת; Septuagint here ἐν τ. μάνδραις; I Samuel 14:11 ἐκ τ. τρωγλῶν).

late,

hook or ring, in jaw of crocodile c. תִּקֹּב Job 40:26 (‖ הֲתָשִׂים אַגְמֹן בְּאַפּוֹ); of captive וַיִּלְכְּדוּ אֶת־מְנַשֶּׁה בַּחֹחִים II Chronicles 33:11 (compare חַח).

חוּט

noun (masc.) ^{Joshua 2:18} thread, cord, line (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic خَيْطٌ, Aramaic ܚܽܘܛܳܐ, חוּטָא)—ח׳ absolute Genesis 14:23 + 2 times; construct Joshua 2:18 + 3 times;—

thread, as easily broken Judges 16:12 (sim.); as composing a rope or cord; תִּקְוַת ח׳ הַשָּׁנִי הַזֶּה Joshua 2:18 this cord of scarlet thread (literally the cord of this thread of scarlet); probably also מִחוּט וְעַד שְׂרוֹךְ נַעַל Genesis 14:23 from a thread to a sandal-thong; in sim. כְּח׳ הַשָּׁנִי Song of Songs 4:3 like a thread of scarlet are thy lips.

cord, הַח׳ הַמְּשֻׁלָּשׁ Ecclesiastes 4:12 a three-fold cord.

line, as measure of length I Kings 7:15 and a line of twelve cubits surrounded (that is would surround) it (compare קָו v I Kings 7:23), so Jeremiah 52:21.

חֲוִילָה

n.pr.terr. (√ doubtful Delitzsch^{Pa 12} suggests חוֹל sand-land, dunes, as Hebrew popular etym., Muhlau-Volck¹¹ give it as actual etym.; Stade^{ThLZ Apr. 28, 1894, 235} compares this, as well as חוֹל sand, with Arabic وَحَلٌ soft mud, [damp sand])—אֶרֶץ הַחֲוִילָה Genesis 2:11 (surrounded or bordered—סבב—by river Pishon; noted for excellent gold, bdellium and shoham-stone); elsewhere without art. חֲוִילָה Genesis 10:7 = I Chronicles 1:9 as a ‘son’ of Cush (between סְבָא and סַבְתָּה); but also as a ‘son’ of יָקְטָן, a descendant of Shem Genesis 10:29 = I Chronicles 1:23 (between אוֹפִיר and יוֹבָב); מֵח׳ עַד־שׁוּר Genesis 25:18 said of limits of Ishmaelitish territory; compare same limits of Amalek I Samuel 15:7 (but doubtful; Wellhausen reads טֵילָם, compare v I Samuel 15:4 and vid. Driver; Glaser^{Skizze ii, 326} reads חֲכִילָה as I Samuel 23:19; I Samuel 26:1, I Samuel 26:3).—Most have supposed several regions named ח׳ to be indicated in these passages:—for example Gesenius' Thesaurus 1. Arabian shore of Pers. Gulf Genesis 10:29 etc. 2. Ethiopian coast Genesis 10:7 etc. 3. India Genesis 2:11 (regarded as indef. extension of 1). Dillmann Genesis 10:7 distinguishes 1 and 2 either as quite distinct, or as different settlements of one great people, and (on Genesis 2:14) thinks that כל ארץ ח׳ Genesis 2:11 implies vague extension eastward. Delitzsch^{Pa 12 ff. 57 ff.} identif. ח׳ in all passages with NE. part of Syrian desert, so E. Meyer^{Gesch. Alterth. i. 224}; Glaser^{Skizze ii. 323 ff.} with central and NE. Arabia. The question is still undecided.

חוּל

[חִיל] verb whirl, dance, writhe (Mishnaic Hebrew, Aramaic the same, dance; Arabic حَاَل change, turn; Assyrian ḫîlu, writhe in fear Delitzsch^{Pr 191} (on ḫ = ح see DHM^{ZK i. 357}); on form of Hebrew verb see Noldeke^{ZMG, 1883, 536})—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular חָ֫לָה Micah 1:12 + 2 times; וְחָלָה֫ consec. Hosea 11:6; חַלְתִּי Isaiah 23:4; חָ֫לוּ Jeremiah 5:3 (but see below), Lamentations 4:6; וְחָלוּ֫ Deuteronomy 2:25; חַ֫לְנוּ Isaiah 26:18; future (עתיד) יָחוּל Jeremiah 23:19; Jeremiah 30:23; 3rd feminine singular תָּחוּל Ezekiel 30:16 Qr (Kt Co תחיל); וַתָּחֹ֑ל Jeremiah 51:29; אחולה Jeremiah 4:19 Kt (Qr אוֹחִילָה, Hiph. יחל); יָחֻ֫לוּ II Samuel 3:29; but also יָחִיל Psalms 55:5 (Job 20:21 see ii. חול); וַיָּ֫חֶל I Samuel 31:3 = I Chronicles 10:3 + Genesis 8:10 (where read probably וַיִּיָּ֫חֶל as v Genesis 8:12; = וַיְיַחֵל Olshausen Dillmann); 3rd feminine singular תָּחִיל Isaiah 26:17 + 2 times + Ezekiel 30:16 Kt (compare above); וַתָּ֑חֶל Psalms 97:4; 2nd feminine singular תְּחִלִין Isaiah 45:10; יָחִילוּ Psalms 77:17 = 3 times (Psalms 10:5 see ii. חול); וַיָּחִ֫ילוּ Judges 3:25; וַחִילוּן Isaiah 13:8; תָּחִ֫ילוּ Jeremiah 5:22; imperative (ציווי) fs. חוּ֫לִי Micah 4:10 Psalms 114:7; mpl. חִילוּ Psalms 96:9 I Chronicles 16:30; infinitive (מקור) construct (לָ)חוּל Judges 21:21 Ezekiel 30:16 (= infinitive (מקור) absolute); participle (בינוני) fs. חוֹלָה Jeremiah 4:31 vid. Gf Gie and Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 72 R.1.;—

dance Judges 21:21 (לָחוּל בַּמְּחֹלוֹת Psalms 96:9).

twist, writhe:

in pain, especially childbirth Isaiah 26:17; Isaiah 45:10 מַה־תח׳ (‖ מה־תוליד); metaphorically, of sea Isaiah 23:4 (‖ ילד); Israel Isaiah 26:18 (‖ הרה), Isaiah 54:1 (‖ ילד); Zion Isaiah 66:7, Isaiah 66:8 (‖ the same), Micah 4:10 (‖ גֹּ֫חִי, sim. כיולדה; compare see Isaiah 66:9), Jeremiah 4:31.

figuratively, be in severe pain, or anguish (mostly poet. and elevated prose), followed by מפני Deuteronomy 2:25 (‖ רגז, compare also פַּחַד and יִרְאָה v a); Ezekiel 30:16 Jeremiah 5:22 (‖ ירא); followed by מִלִּפְנֵי I Chronicles 16:30 Psalms 114:7; absolute Psalms 55:5 (‖ אימות מָוֶת נפלו עלי), Jeremiah 4:19 Kt, Psalms 77:17 (‖ רגז) Psalms 97:4 Isaiah 13:8; Isaiah 23:5 Jeremiah 51:29 (‖ רָעַשׁ), Joel 2:6 Zechariah 9:5 (‖ ירֵא), probably also I Samuel 31:3 (compare I Samuel 28:5) = I Chronicles 10:3, compare Öt; figuratively of mts. Habakkuk 3:10.

in contrition Jeremiah 5:3, חָ֫לוּ der. from חול Ewald Gf Gie; < Peshitta Ra Hi Ke al. from חלה (wrongly accented; vid. חלה Qal 2).

in anxious longing עַד בּוֹשׁ Judges 3:25, followed by לְ Micah 1:12 (on Genesis 8:10, compare above)

whirl, whirl about עַל־רֹאשׁ יוֹאָב (that is blood—דמים—of Abner, from sword) II Samuel 3:29; of attach of sword itself Hosea 11:6 (‖ כִּלָּה, אכל), compare Lamentations 4:6 לא חָ֫לוּ בה ידים; of tempest על ראשׁ רשׁעים יחול Jeremiah 23:19 (v a סער מִתְחוֹלֵל) = Jeremiah 30:23 (v a סַעַר מִתְגּוֹרֵר).

future (עתיד) יְחוֹלֵל Psalms 29:9; 3rd feminine singular תְּחוֹלֵל Proverbs 25:23; with suffix תְּחוֹלֶלְכֶם Isaiah 51:2; 2nd masculine singular תְּחוֹלֵל Job 35:14; וַתְּחוֹלֵל Psalms 90:2; infinitive (מקור) construct חֹלֵל Job 39:1; participle (בינוני) מְחוֹלֵל Proverbs 26:10; מְחֹלֶלְךָ Deuteronomy 32:18; מְחֹלְלוֹת Judges 21:23;—I Samuel 18:6 Psalms 87:7 v below; on Isaiah 51:9 and Job 26:13 see I. חלל;—

dance Judges 21:23, so perhaps also I Samuel 18:6 (read חַמְּחֹלְלוֹת Septuagint Wellhausen Driver; and חֹלֲלִים pt. (מ om.) Psalms 87:7 RV Pe De Cheyne Bae; compare Qal 1).

writhe in travail with, bear, bring forth (poet.), of Sarah, mother of Isr., Isaiah 51:2 (‖ אַבְרָהָם אֲבִיכֶם); of hinds Job 39:1 Psalms 29:9 (caus.); figuratively of י׳’s producing earth Psalms 90:2 (‖ יֻלָּד֑וּ); of his bringing forth Isr. (with difficulty, see Dillmann) Deuteronomy 32:18; of north wind bringing forth rain Proverbs 25:23; רַב מְחוֹלֵל כֹּ֑ל Proverbs 26:10 a master produceth everything (on trans. see VB; Ewald. al. derive from חלל wound).

wait anxiously (compare Qal 2 d), followed by לְ Job 35:14 (Elihu).

past (עבר) חוֹלָ֑לתִּי Psalms 51:7 + 2 times; חוֹלָ֑לְתָּ Job 15:7; future (עתיד) יְחוֹלָ֑לוּ Job 26:5;—

be made to writhe Job 26:5 (הָֽרְפָאִים).

be brought forth Job 15:7 (‖ תִּוָּלֵד), Psalms 51:7 (‖ יחם), metaphorically of wisdom Proverbs 8:24, Proverbs 8:25.

future (עתיד) יָחִיל Psalms 29:8^(×2) cause to be in anguish, with a direct object מִדְבָּר, subj. י׳. Hoph. future (עתיד) יוּחַל Isaiah 66:8 be born (= travailed with, Cheyne), subj. אֶרֶץ (‖ יִוָּלֵד גוי).

participle (בינוני) מִתְחוֹלֵל whirling סַעַר מתח׳ Jeremiah 23:19 (= סער מִתְגּוֹרֵר Jeremiah 30:23).

writhing, suffering torture Job 15:20 (of life of wicked).

imperative (ציווי) הִתְחוֹלֵל Psalms 37:7 wait longingly followed by לְ for, ‖ דּוֹם.

future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular וַתִּתְחַלְחַל Esther 4:4 and she writhed in anxiety.

חוֹל

noun (masc.) ^{Hosea 2:1} sand (perhaps as turning or whirling; otherwise explained by Stade, vid. sub חֲוִילָה; Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Aramaic חָלָא, ܚܳܠܴܐ )—ח׳ absolute Genesis 22:17 + 15 times; construct Genesis 32:13 + 6times;—sand Exodus 2:12; set as bound for sea Jeremiah 5:22; שְׂפֻנֵי טמוני ח׳ Deuteronomy 33:19 hidden treasures of sand, poet. for glass (regarded as mysteriously produced out of sand, see Dillmann and reff.);

usually sand of seashore, sim. of numberlessness, vastness, so of Abraham’s seed Genesis 22:17 (J; compare Genesis 15:5); Jacob’s Genesis 32:13; of a host Joshua 11:4, Judges 7:12 I Samuel 13:5 II Samuel 17:11; a people I Kings 4:20 Hosea 2:1 Isaiah 10:22; Isaiah 48:19 (‖ וְצֶאֱצָאֵי מֵעֶיךָ בִּמְעֹתָ֑יו), Jeremiah 33:22 Habakkuk 1:9; of corn gathered by Joseph Genesis 41:49; of days of Job Job 29:18 (on interpr. = phœnix, vid. Dillmann); of birds עוף כנף (that is quails) Psalms 78:27 (‖ כֶּעָפָר); of vast extent of Sol.’s wisdom I Kings 5:9.

in comp., more than the sand Jeremiah 15:8 (widows of Judah); thoughts of God Psalms 139:18.

of weight (in balances), metaphorically of Job’s vexation (כַּעַשׂ) Job 6:3 heavier than the sand, compare וְנֵטֶל הַחוֹל Proverbs 27:3 (‖ כֹּבֶד אֶבֶן), said of כַּעַס אֱוִיל.—Combinations are: כח׳ אשׁר על שׂפת הים Genesis 22:17 Joshua 11:4 I Samuel 13:5 I Kings 5:9; כח׳ הַיָּם Genesis 32:13; Genesis 41:49 Isaiah 10:22 Hosea 2:1 (+ אשׁר לא יִמַּד ולא יִסָּפֵר); ח׳ הַיָּם Jeremiah 33:22; כח׳ שֶׁעַל־שׂפת הים לרב Judges 7:12; כח׳ אשׁר־על־הים לרב II Samuel 17:11 I Kings 4:20; (ם)חול יַמִּים Job 6:3 Psalms 78:27 Jeremiah 15:8.

חִיל

noun (masc.) ^{Exodus 15:14} a writhing, anguish;—ח׳ absolute Exodus 15:14 + 5 times—

writhing (contortions of fear) Exodus 15:14 (‖ verb רָגַז).

anguish, always in sim. כַּיּוֹלֵדָה Psalms 48:7 (allied kings against Jerus.); Zion, before Assyrians Micah 4:9; before Scythians or Chaldeans Jeremiah 6:24 (‖ צָרָה), = Jeremiah 50:43 (of king of Babylon; ‖ צָרָה); Jeremiah 22:23 (‖ חבלים q.see)

חִילָה

noun (fem.) anguish, Job 6:10.

חֵל

noun (masc.) ^{Obadiah 1:20} rampart, fortress (perhaps orig. surrounding wall, compare Sab. Denkm ^{91 n.2})—absolute חֵיל Nahum 3:8, חֵל Lamentations 2:8 + 3 times (+ Psalms 10:10 Qr see חלכה); construct חֵל I Kings 21:23; with suffix חֵילֵךְ Psalms 122:7, חֵילָהּ Zechariah 9:4; חֵילָה = חֵילָהּ Psalms 48:11, Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 40 c. 75 g. 96 e Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 347 c;—

rampart (defined by Jews as בֶּן חוֹמָה, that is a little wall, compare Ki s.see), of an outer fortification II Samuel 20:15 (others, by meton., of space between outer and inner fortif., incl. moat, see Driver Kittel); Isaiah 26:1 Lamentations 2:8 (both ‖ חוֹמוֹת); in generally of defences, or sea-power of Tyre וְהִכָּה בַיָּם חֵילָהּ Zechariah 9:4 (see Stade^{journal ZAW i. 1881, 15}), of Noldeke-Amon (Thebes) אֲשֶׁר חֵיל יָם מִיָּם חוֹמָתָהּ Nahum 3:8; of Zion Psalms 122:7, also Psalms 48:14 (חילה = חֵילָהּ, compare above; both ‖ ארמנותיך).—For חֵל I Kings 21:23 read probably חֵלֶק, q.see

fortress גָּלֻת הַחֵל הַזֶּה Obadiah 1:20 the exiles of this fortress (Hitzig-St; Or AVRV this army, חֵל = חַיִל).

חֵילָם

n.pr.location E. of Jordan II Samuel 10:16 (Th their army, but Septuagint Peshitta I Ewald^{Gesch. iii. 211 Anm. 1 = H iii. 155 n.2} Wellhausen Driver) = חֵלָ֑א‌֯מָה v II Samuel 10:17 (Septuagint Αιλαμ); + חילם Ezekiel 47:16 (Septuagint Ηλιαμ) Co; according to this it lay on the border between Damascus and Hamath.

חֹלוֹן

n.pr.location

in Moab חֹלוֹן Jeremiah 48:21 (Septuagint Χελων, Χαιλων.

in Judah חֹלֹן Joshua 15:51 (Septuagint Χαλου, SeptuagintL Χειλου); priestly city Joshua 21:15 (Septuagint Γελλα, SeptuagintL Ιλων) = חִילֵן I Chronicles 6:43 (SeptuagintL Χελων).

חֵלֹן

n.pr.m. a man of Zebulon Numbers 1:9; Numbers 2:7; Numbers 7:24, Numbers 7:29; Numbers 10:16 (Septuagint Χαιλων, SeptuagintL Χελων).

חַלְחָלָה

noun (fem.) anguish, מָֽלְאוּ מָתְנַי ח׳ Isaiah 21:3, ח׳ בכל מתנים Nahum 2:11; Ezekiel 30:4, Ezekiel 30:9 (‖ החריד).

חול

verb be firm, strong (Aramaic Pa. Strengthen, חֵילָא, ܚܰܝܠܴܐ strength; Palmyrene רב חילא רבא general-in-chief Vog^{Noldeke. 28} al.; Sab. חֿיל Sab. Denkm^.91 (on חֿל in Sab. n.pr.v Hal^{JAS Juin, 1872, 533}); Ethiopic ኄለ, ኀyየለ be strong, ኀይል strength, army, ኀyያl strong; Assyrian ḫâ(i)ltu, army Flood Tabl. ^iii.22 horses (as strong ones? compare Psalms 33:17))—only

future (עתיד) in לֹא יָחִיל טוּבוֹ Job 20:21 his prosperity is not firm (does not endure); יָחִילוּ דְרָכָו֯ בְּכָל־עֵת Psalms 10:5 his ways are always firm (stable, prosperous), so Olshausen De Pe Cheyne al.

חַ֫יִל

noun (masc.) II Kings 10:2 strength, efficiency, wealth, army;—absolute ח׳ Genesis 47:6 +, חָ֑יִל Psalms 60:14 +, חָ֑יִל Psalms 60:14 +, חֵיל Isaiah 36:2 II Kings 18:17; construct חֵיל Exodus 14:28 + (on Psalms 10:10 see חלכה); with suffix חֵילִי Job 31:25 + 2 times; חֵילְךָ Jeremiah 15:13 +; חֵילוֹ Exodus 14:4 +, etc.; plural חֲיָלִים I Chronicles 7:5 + 19 times; with suffix חֵילֵיהֶם Isaiah 30:6;—

strength, usually physical:

seld. alone (chiefly poet.) I Samuel 2:4 Psalms 18:33, Psalms 18:40 = II Samuel 22:33, II Samuel 22:40; also גָּֽבְרוּ ח׳ Job 21:7, compare Ecclesiastes 10:10; מֵחַיִל אֶל־חָ֑יִל Psalms 84:8; בְּכֹחַ ח׳ II Chronicles 26:13; of virility Proverbs 31:3; of י׳’s power Psalms 59:12; Psalms 110:3, compare Habakkuk 3:19; strength of horse Psalms 33:17; figuratively of product of vine and fig-tree Joel 2:22 (‖ פְּרִי).

of result or display of strength עשׂה ח׳ achieve might = do valiantly Numbers 24:18, I Samuel 14:48 Psalms 60:14 = Psalms 108:14, Psalms 118:15, Psalms 118:16.

often in phrases גִּבּוֹר(הַ)ח׳, גִּבּוֹרֵי(הַ)ח׳ hero(es) of strength, mighty man (men) of valour Joshua 1:14, Joshua 6:2; Joshua 8:3; Joshua 10:7 (all JE), Judges 6:12; Judges 11:1; I Samuel 9:1 I Samuel 16:18 I Kings 11:28 II Kings 5:1; II Kings 15:20; II Kings 24:14, II Kings 24:16 I Chronicles 5:24; I Chronicles 7:2, I Chronicles 7:9; I Chronicles 8:40 + (very freq. in Ch), note especially הַגִּבּוֹרִים וכל גבורי ח׳ I Chronicles 28:1; also ג׳ ח׳ II Chronicles 13:3 (‖ ג׳ מלחמה); ג׳ (הַ)חֲיָלִים I Chronicles 7:5, I Chronicles 7:7, I Chronicles 7:11, I Chronicles 7:40; I Chronicles 11:26 (see also גִּבּוֹר, p. 150); בֶּן־(הַ)ח׳, בְּנֵי(הַ)ח׳ Deuteronomy 3:18 Judges 18:2 + (see בֵּן 8, p. 121); אִישׁ ח׳, אַנְשֵׁי ח׳ Judges 3:29; Judges 20:44, Judges 20:46 I Samuel 31:12; II Samuel 11:16; II Samuel 23:20; (Qr; Kt חי, on phr. בן־אישׁ חיל compare Driver) = I Chronicles 11:22 (Kt חיל), II Samuel 24:9 Nahum 2:4 Jeremiah 48:14 I Chronicles 10:12 Nehemiah 11:6 Psalms 76:6; ironical א׳ ח׳ לִמְסֹךְ שֵׁבָר Isaiah 5:22 (‖ גבורים לשׁתות יין); Ecclesiastes 12:3 metaphorically of legs.

ability, efficiency, often involving moral worth אַנְשֵׁי ח׳ Genesis 47:6, Exodus 18:21, Exodus 18:25 (both E); of a woman אֵשֶׁת ח׳ Proverbs 12:4; Proverbs 31:10 Ruth 3:11; compare I Kings 1:42, I Kings 1:52 (opposite רעה), and especially אַנְשֵׁי ח׳ יִרְאֵי אלהים אַנְשֵׁי אֱמֶת שׂנְאֵי בָּ֑צַע Exodus 18:21; עָשָׂה היל Proverbs 31:29 do worthily, efficiently, perhaps also Ruth 4:11; late (with weakened meaning of גִּבּוֹר) גִּבּוֹרֵי חֵיל מְלֶאכֶת עֲבוֹדַת בֵּית הָאלהים I Chronicles 9:13, compare אישׁ ח׳ בַּכֹּחַ לַעֲכֹדָה I Chronicles 26:8. So also I Samuel 10:26 (read בְּנֵי ח׳, see Septuagint Wellhausen Driver, men of worth, opposite בני בליעל v I Samuel 10:27).for Masoretic Text ח׳ force, band.

wealth Genesis 34:29 Numbers 31:9 (both P), Deuteronomy 8:17, Deuteronomy 8:18; Deuteronomy 33:11 Isaiah 8:4; Isaiah 10:14; Isaiah 30:6 (‖ אוֹצְרֹתָם), Isaiah 60:5 (‖ הֲמוֹן יָם), v Isaiah 60:11; Isaiah 61:6 Micah 4:13 Jeremiah 15:13; Jeremiah 17:3 (both ‖ אצרות), Zephaniah 1:13 Ezekiel 26:12; Ezekiel 28:4, Ezekiel 28:5^(×2) Zechariah 14:14 Job 5:5; Job 15:29; Job 20:15, Job 20:18; Job 31:25 Psalms 49:7, Psalms 49:11; Psalms 62:11; Psalms 73:12 Proverbs 13:22.

force, army, very often Exodus 14:4, Exodus 14:9, Exodus 14:17, Exodus 14:28 (all P), Exodus 15:4 (song), I Samuel 17:20; II Samuel 8:9 II Kings 6:4, II Kings 6:15; II Kings 25:1, II Kings 25:5^(×2), II Kings 25:10 II Chronicles 13:3 (בְּחַיִל גִּבּוֹרֵי מלחמה), II Chronicles 14:7; II Chronicles 16:7; II Chronicles 23:14 +; so usually Jer.: Jeremiah 32:2; Jeremiah 34:1 +; freq. Ezek.: Ezekiel 17:17; Ezekiel 27:10 +; Daniel 11:7, Daniel 11:13, Daniel 11:25^(×2), Daniel 11:26; = a band I Samuel 10:26 (Masoretic Text, but see 2, ad fin.); of queen’s train ח׳ כָּבֵד I Kings 10:2 = II Chronicles 9:1; חֵיל כָּבֵד Isaiah 36:2 = II Kings 18:17 (var. חַיִל) a powerful army (on form compare Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 194 c); also (late) חֵיל הַצָּבָא I Chronicles 20:1 II Chronicles 26:13, חֵיל עָם Esther 8:11; הֲמוֹן חֲיָלִים Daniel 11:10; שַׂר־הח׳ II Samuel 24:2 captain of the host, שָׂרֵי הח׳ v II Samuel 24:4, II Samuel 24:4; שָׂרֵי הַחֲיָלִים captains of armies (bands, divisions) I Kings 15:20 = II Chronicles 16:4, II Kings 25:23 Jeremiah 40:7, Jeremiah 40:13; Jeremiah 41:11, Jeremiah 41:13, Jeremiah 41:16; Jeremiah 42:1, Jeremiah 42:8; Jeremiah 43:4, Jeremiah 43:5; פִּקּוּדֵי החיל Numbers 31:14.—חֵילוֹ Ezekiel 32:31 om. B Hitzig Co; for חֵילֵךְ Ezekiel 27:11 read probably a n.pr.location, compare Davidson; Co proposes חתלון (compare Ezekiel 47:15; Ezekiel 48:1), Hal^{Mél. Epigr. 1874, 69} חלך = Cilicia, see Lagarde^{M i, 211}.

חוּל²

n.pr.m. a ‘son’ of Aramaic Genesis 10:23 = I Chronicles 1:17, named between עוּץ and גֶּתֶר Septuagint Ουλ.

חוּם

adjective darkened, dark brown or black, only of colour of sheep (in Genesis 30, J);—וכל־שֶׂה־חוּם בכשׂבים Genesis 30:32, וְחוּם בכ׳ Genesis 30:33, Genesis 30:35, וכל־חוּם בְּצֹאן Genesis 30:40 (cl. probably interpol. Olshausen Hup De Wellhausen Dillmann).

חוֹמָה

see sub חמה.

חוּס

verb pity, look upon with compassion (Aramaic ܚܳܣ, חוּס pity, spare; Assyrian ḫûs, in n.pr. compare Delitzsch^{Pr 181})—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular חָסָה Ezekiel 16:5, 2nd masculine singular חַ֫סְתָּ Jonah 4:10; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָחוּס Jeremiah 21:7; יָחֹס Psalms 72:13; 3rd feminine singular תָּחוּס Isaiah 13:18; תָּחוֹס Deuteronomy 7:16 + 9 times (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 72 R 4 Böttcher's Hebrew Grammar § 1133 (2)); תָּחֹס Genesis 45:20 Ezekiel 9:5; וַתָּ֫חָס I Samuel 24:11 Ezekiel 20:17; 1st singular אָחוּס Jeremiah 13:14 + 2 times; imperative (ציווי) חוּ֫סָה Joel 2:17 Nehemiah 13:22:—

of the eye, עין, תח(ו)ס על (לא) the eye shall (not) look with compassion, pity, upon Deuteronomy 7:16; Deuteronomy 13:9; Deuteronomy 19:13; Isaiah 13:18 Ezekiel 7:4; Ezekiel 20:17; לא חסה עָלַיִךְ עין Ezekiel 16:5; עֵינְכֶם אַל־תָּחֹס עַל־כְּלֵיכֶם Genesis 45:20 (R^JE) let not your eye look with regret upon your stuff; with ellipsis of עַיִן I Samuel 24:11 (but read וָאָחֻס for וַתָּחָס Septuagint Peshitta Wellhausen Klostermann Driver); with ellipsis of על Deuteronomy 19:21; Deuteronomy 25:12 Ezekiel 5:11; Ezekiel 7:9; Ezekiel 8:18; Ezekiel 9:10; ע֯ל תחס עיני֯כם (אל) Ezekiel 9:5.

of God חוסה על Nehemiah 13:22 Joel 2:17; לא אחוס על נינוה Jonah 4:11; ellipsis of עַל Jeremiah 13:14 Ezekiel 24:14.

of man: the Messianic king על־דַּל וְאֶבְיוֹן Psalms 72:13 he shall have pity on poor and needy; Nebuchadrezzar עליהם (that is on Zedekiah and the people) Jeremiah 21:7; Jonah, על חקיקיון Jonah 4:10.—Vid. also חמל.

חוֹף

see sub i. חפף.

חוּץ

n.[m.] the outside, sometimes, especially in plural, spec. a street, never with with suffix in singular, with ָה location ח֫וּצָה, חֻ֫צָה, plural חוּצוֹת, חֻצוֹת, with with suffix חוּצֹתָיו etc., Isaiah 15:3 etc.;—

the outside, of a house, tent, city, camp, etc., often used, especially with preps., to express the adverb idea of outside, abroad (Aramaic syn., except in sense 2 a, is בַּר, ܒܰܪ):

as accus. after verb of motion Deuteronomy 23:13 יָצָא חוּץ to go forth outside (sc. a camp), v Deuteronomy 23:14 (as adverb accus.) בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ חוּץ outside, הוֹצִיא הַחוּץ to bring forth outside (a house or chamber) Judges 19:25 II Samuel 13:18 compare Nehemiah 13:8, Judges 12:9 בָּנוֹת הֵבִיא לְבָנָיו מִן־הַחוּץ from outside, from abroad, II Kings 4:3 שַׁאֲלִי־לָךְ כֵּלִים מִן־הַחוּץ from outside (opposite בַּבַּיִת v II Kings 4:2); as genit. Leviticus 18:9 מוֹלֶדֶת חוּץ one born abroad (that is by another father or mother, of a half-sister: opposite מוֹלֶדֶת בַּיִת) Ezekiel 47:2^(×2). With ָה location חוּצָה, after a verb of motion Exodus 12:46 מִן־הַבַּיִת … חוּצָה, Proverbs 5:16 II Chronicles 29:16, II Chronicles 33:15 חוּצָה לָעִיר outside of the city, Numbers 35:4 מִקִּיר הָעִיר וָחוּצָה from the wall of the city and outwards; = on the outside, without I Kings 6:6 Isaiah 33:7 צָֽעֲקוּ חוּצָה cry without, II Chronicles 24:8: so הַחוּצָה Genesis 15:5 וַיּוֹצֵא אֹתוֹ הח׳ and brought him outside, Genesis 19:17; Genesis 24:29 Joshua 2:19 +, I Kings 8:8 לֹא יֵרָאוּ הַחוּצָה were not seen towards the outside, Deuteronomy 25:5 לֹא תִהְיֶה אֵשֶׁת הַמֵּת הַחוּצָה לְאִישׁ זָר that is shall not be married into another family, compare Judges 12:9.

with preps.: and †אל־החוץ towards the outside Ezekiel 41:9, †Ezekiel 34:21 pleonastically אל־החוצה. b. בחוץ Genesis 9:22 outside (opposite בְּתוֹךְ אָהֳלֹה v Genesis 9:21), Genesis 24:31 לָמָּה תַעֲמֹד בַּחוּץ, Deuteronomy 24:11 Exodus 21:19 אם יקום והתהלך בחוץ (after leaving a sick couch), II Kings 10:24 Psalms 31:12 Ezekiel 7:15 (opposite מִבַּיִת), Hosea 7:1 +. c. †לחוץ Psalms 41:7 יצא לחוץ; = on the outside Ezekiel 41:17; Ezekiel 42:7, †לַחוּצָה II Chronicles 32:5 towards the outside. d. מִחוּץ on (מִן 1 c) the outside Ezekiel 40:19; Ezekiel 46:2, מִבַּיִת וּמִחוּץ within and without (of an ark, building, etc.) Genesis 6:14 Exodus 25:11 = Exodus 37:2 I Kings 7:9, Deuteronomy 32:25 מחוץ תְּשַׁכֶּל־חֶרֶב (opposite וּמֵחֲדָרִים אֵימָה), Lamentations 1:20 (compare Ezekiel 7:15 above b); so מֵהַחוּץ †Ezekiel 41:25. מִחוּץ לְ on the outside of, Genesis 19:16 וַיַּנִּיחֵהוּ מִחוּץ לָעִיר, Genesis 24:11 Exodus 26:35; Exodus 37:7^(×2) Leviticus 8:17; Leviticus 14:8 Numbers 35:5 Joshua 6:23 Jeremiah 21:4 +, even after a verb of motion I Kings 21:13 וַיּוֹצִיאוּהוּ מִחוּץ לָעִיר, II Kings 23:6, though in this case אל מחוץ ל is more common, Leviticus 4:12, Leviticus 4:21 אל מחוץ למחנה, Leviticus 6:4; Leviticus 10:4; Leviticus 14:40, Leviticus 14:41 + often P, Deuteronomy 23:11. e. †מִחוּצָה Ezekiel 40:40 on the outside, מִחוּצָה לְ v Ezekiel 40:44. f. (late) †חוּץ מִן outside of, Ecclesiastes 2:25 who can eat, and who enjoy, חוּץ מִמֶּנִּי outside of me, that is except me? (but read rather, with Septuagint Peshitta De Nowack al., חוּץ מִמֶּנּוּ apart from, without him, that is God). (So Mishnaic Hebrew חוּץ מִן except, without, see De Ecclesiastes 2:25. Cf. the Aramaic syn. בַּר מִן except Exodus 20:3 Targum, apart from, without Isaiah 36:10 Targum; Syriac ܠܒܰܪ ܡܶܢ the same)

Of a definite locality, viz.

that which is outside the houses of a town, that is a street Isaiah 51:23 כַּחוּץ לַעֹבְרִים, Jeremiah 37:21 חוּץ הָאֹפִים the Bakers’ street, Proverbs 1:20 בַּחוּץ (‖ בָּֽרְחֹבוֹת: so Proverbs 7:12; Proverbs 22:13 Jeremiah 9:20); often in plural, as חוּצֹת אַשְׁקְלוֹן the streets of Ashkelon II Samuel 1:20, ח׳ ירושׁלם Jeremiah 5:1; Jeremiah 7:17, Jeremiah 7:34 + often Jer., I Kings 20:34 וְחֻצוֹת תָּשִׂים־לְךָ בְּדַמֶּשֶׂק and streets (that is bazaars) shalt thou make thee in D., as my father made in Samaria (a concession involving the right of trading), Amos 5:16 Isaiah 15:3; Isaiah 24:11 (as scene of mourning), Isaiah 5:25 Jeremiah 51:4 Ezekiel 11:6; Ezekiel 28:23 (as filled with corpses of slain), בְּרֹאשׁ כָּל־חוּצוֹת that is in conspicuous places, Nahum 3:10 Lamentations 2:19; Lamentations 4:1 Isaiah 51:20, טִיט חוּצוֹת mire of streets Zechariah 10:5 (trampled on by warriors), in simile, of foes trodden under foot, Psalms 18:43 Micah 7:10 (so כְּחֹמֶר ח׳ Isaiah 10:6), metaphorically of cheapness and abundance Zechariah 9:3.

more generally, that which is outside enclosed cities, the open country, Job 18:17 וְלֹא שֵׁם לוֹ עַל־פְּנֵי־חוּץ (see De), cr. Proverbs 24:27; in the plural Job 5:10 וְשֹׁלֵחַ מַיִם עַל פְּנֵי חוּצוֹת, Proverbs 8:26 Psalms 144:13 (as place where flocks abound).

חַ֫יִץ

n.[m.] party-wall (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, probably from Ez l.c.)—Ezekiel 13:10, according to Ki מחיצה גרועה that is a thin or party-wall.

חֵיק

n.[m.] bosom (Mishnaic Hebrew the same)—absolute חֵיק Ezekiel 43:17 Proverbs 16:33 + Ezekiel 43:13 (Co חיקו, compare ZKW ^{1883, pp. 67 ff.}; חֵיקֹה Driver^{Smend xxxi}), חֵק Proverbs 21:14; construct חֵיק I Kings 22:35 + 3 times + Ezekiel 43:14 (Co חיקו) חֵק Proverbs 5:20 (om. by accident in Baer, compare Strack^{ad location}) Proverbs 17:23; with suffix חֵיקִי I Kings 3:20 Psalms 89:51; חֵקִי Job 19:27 etc.; elsewhere always plene c. with suffix; חוקך Kt Psalms 74:11 (Qr חֵיקְךָ);—bosom, specif.

of fold of garment, at breast Exodus 4:6^(×2), Exodus 4:7^(×3) (all J), Proverbs 6:27; Proverbs 16:33, metaphorically of י׳ Psalms 74:11; שֹׁחַד בח׳ Proverbs 21:14 is a hidden reward (concealed in bosom; ‖ מַתָּן בַּסֵּתֶר); שֹׁחַד מֵחֵק Proverbs 17:23 is a gift secretly given; figuratively, requite into bosom Isaiah 65:6, Isaiah 65:7; Jeremiah 32:18; compare Psalms 35:13; Psalms 79:12.

carry (נָשָׁא) in bosom, Moses the people Numbers 11:12; Naomi, Ruth’s child Ruth 4:16, compare I Kings 3:20^(×2); I Kings 17:19; ewe lamb II Samuel 12:3 Isaiah 40:11 (metaphorically); Lamentations 2:12 of infants dying in their mothers’ arms; figuratively of carrying insults in one’s bosom Psalms 89:51 (read probably כְּלִמַּת for כֹּל, see Bi Cheyne).

bosom as part of body:

external, lie in bosom, of wife שׁכבת Micah 7:5, compare II Samuel 12:8; concubine Genesis 16:5 compare I Kings 1:2; אֵשֶׁת חיק(ך) Deuteronomy 13:7; Deuteronomy 28:54, compare also Proverbs 5:20 תְּחַבֵּק חֵק נָכְרִיָּה; אִישׁ חֵיקָהּ Deuteronomy 28:56.

internal, anger resteth בח׳ כסילים Ecclesiastes 7:9; כָּלוּ כִלְיֹתַי בְּחֵקִי Job 19:27 my reins are consumed within me; Job 23:12 (read בְּחֵקִי for מֵחֻקִּי, so Septuagint Vulgate Olshausen Me Stu Dillmann) in my breast have I hidden the words of his mouth (compare בְּלִבִּי Psalms 119:11); figuratively of interior of chariot I Kings 22:35 ח׳ הרכב; of hollow bottom of altar Ezekiel 43:13, Ezekiel 43:14, Ezekiel 43:17 (Smend Rinne; Co Grundeinfassung).

חוּקֹק

n.pr.location city in Asher I Chronicles 6:60 Septuagint Ικακ, SeptuagintL Ακωκ; but read probably חֶלְקַת (as Joshua 19:25) q.see—חֻקֹ֑קָה Joshua 19:34 see sub חקק.

חָוַר

verb be or grow white, pale (Arabic حَوِرَ be white, حَوَرٌ whiteness, Aramaic ܚܘܰܪ, חֲוַר be white)—only

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural וְלֹא עַתָּה פָּנָיו יֶחֱוָ֑רוּ Isaiah 29:22 (‖ לֹא עַתָּה יֵבוֹשׁ יַעֲקֹב).

חוּר

n.[m.] white stuff (doubtful whether cotton or linen, compare כַּרְפַּס), ‖ תְּכֵלֶת:—of Mordecai’s garments בִּלְבוּשׁ מַלְכוּת תְּכֵלֶת וָחוּר Esther 8:15 in a royal garment of violet and white stuff (compare וְתַכְרִיךְ בּוּץ וְאַרְגָּמָן v b); of furnishings of royal palace of Susa ח׳ כַּרְפַּס וּתְכֵלֶת אָחוּז בְּחַבְלֵי־בוּץ וְאַרְגָּמָן Esther 1:6 white stuff of fine linen (?) held fast by cords of byssus and purple.

חוֹרָ֑י

noun (masc.) white stuff, compare i. חוּר; וְאֹרְגִים חוֹרָ֑י Isaiah 19:9 and (those) weaving white stuff.

חֹרִי

n.[m.] white bread or cake שְׁלֹשָׁה סַלֵּי חֹרִי Genesis 40:16 three baskets of white bread.—ii. חֹרִי see iii. חרר.

חוּר²

n.pr.m. (meaning doubtful; compare Nab. n.pr. חורו Noldeke in Eut^{p. 45})—

Septuagint Ωρ, named with Aaron as compan. of Moses Exodus 17:10, Exodus 17:12; Exodus 24:14 (all E).

Septuagint Ωρ, a Judahite Exodus 31:2 = Exodus 35:30, compare Exodus 38:22 (all P) I Chronicles 2:19, I Chronicles 2:20, I Chronicles 2:50 (on div. of verse see Be VB); also I Chronicles 4:1, I Chronicles 4:4 II Chronicles 1:5.

Septuagint Ουρ, a king of Midian Numbers 31:8 Joshua 13:21 (both P).

SeptuagintL Σουρ (B om.) head of fam. of returned exiles Nehemiah 3:9.

בֶּן־חוּר officer of Sol. I Kings 4:8, see sub בֵּן p. 122.

חוּר³

= חֻר see sub III. חרר.

חוּרַי

n.pr.m. a hero of David ח׳ מִנַּחֲלֵי גָ֔עַשׁ I Chronicles 11:32 Septuagint Ουρ(ε)ι, SeptuagintL Ουρια; = הִדָּי II Samuel 23:30 (om. B; A Αθθαι, SeptuagintL Αδδαι).

חוּרִי

n.pr.m. a Gileadite (of Gad) I Chronicles 5:14 (Septuagint Ουρ(ε)ι).

חוּרָם

see חִירָם sub אַח, אחה above p. 27 b.

חֹר

n.[m.] hollow, only in חֹר הַגִּדְגָּ֑ד Numbers 33:32 hollow of Gidgad (see Dillmann); see p. 151.

חוֹר

(חוֹרִים) see sub II., III. חרר.

חַוְרָן

n.pr.terr. (meaning unknown; conjectures are:—black-land (as basaltic region), supported by حَوْر black, dial. of Yemen, Maltzan^{ZMG 1874, 230}, and tokens of immigration from Yemen into Ḥaurân, Wetzstein in De ^{Job 2, 598; ZKW 1884, 120}; land of caves, Gesenius' Thesaurus Hitzig-Smend, Porter^{Dict. Bib.}, and hollow, GASm^{Geogr. 552}, who comp. Hebrew חור hole; but this probably from iii. חרר, and Arabic خَوْر, hollow, diff. from حَوْرَان )—district SE. from Mt. Hermon, extending between Jaulan and Lejah, toward Syriac desert; only גְּבוּל חַוְרָ֑ן Ezekiel 47:16 compare מִבֵּין חַוְרָ֥ן וּמִבֵּין דַּמֶּשֶׂק v Ezekiel 47:18; = Assyrian Ḫaurani Delitzsch^{Pa 294}; Septuagint Αυρανιτις, and so Jos^Ant. xv. 10, 1 etc., Arabic حَوْرَان. On this district see Wetzstein ^{Hauran, (1860)} and in De ^{Job 2, 597 ff.} Bd^{Pal 195 ff.} Schumacher^{Across the Jordan, 1889; ZPV xii. 1889, 225 ff. (with map)} GASm^{Geogr. 552 f. 609 ff.}

חוּשׁ

verb haste, make haste (Assyrian ḫâšu, Delitzsch^{Pr 180}, Ethiopic ሖሰ; on this verb see Noldeke^{ZMG 1883, 538})—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular חָשׁ Deuteronomy 32:35 (or participle (בינוני), but see Dillmann), 1st singular חַשְׁתִּי Psalms 119:60; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular וַתַּ֫חַשׁ (sic!) Job 31:5 Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 72 R. 9; imperative (ציווי) חוּ֫שָׁה I Samuel 20:38 + 6 times ψ, + Psalms 71:12 Qr (Kt חישׁה); infinitive (מקור) with suffix חוּשִׁי Job 20:2; participle (בינוני) active חָשׁ Habakkuk 1:8 + Isaiah 8:1, Isaiah 8:3 in n.pr.; passive חֻשִׁים Numbers 32:17; but see below:—make haste Deuteronomy 32:35 (‖ קרוב), Psalms 119:60; in prophetic n.pr. מַהֵר שָׁלָל חָשׁ בַּ֑ז Isaiah 8:1, Isaiah 8:3; of eagle (in sim. of Chald. army) נשׁר חשׁ לאכול Habakkuk 1:8; Job 31:5 subj. רגל, followed by על־מרמה; חוּ֫שִׁי בִי Job 20:2 my haste in me, that is my inward excitement—especially imperative (ציווי) I Samuel 20:38 (‖ מהרה), and in ψψ: followed by לְעֶזְרָתִי Psalms 22:20; Psalms 38:23; Psalms 40:14; Psalms 70:2; Psalms 71:12 (Qr); followed by לִי Psalms 70:6; Psalms 141:1; pt. passive נֵחָלֵץ חֻשִׁים Numbers 32:17, but probably for חֲמֻשִׁים (Kn Dillmann comp. Exodus 13:18 etc.); Barth^{NB 180} retains חוּשִׁים and regards it as active (intrans.) = hastening.

past (עבר) הֵחִישׁוּ Judges 20:37; future (עתיד) יָחִישׁ Isaiah 28:16; יָחִ֫ישָׁה coh. Isaiah 5:19 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 48. 3); אָחִ֫ישָׁה coh. Psalms 55:9; with suffix אֲחִישֶׁנָּה Isaiah 60:22;—

shew haste, act quickly Judges 20:37; hasten, come quickly Isaiah 5:19 (subj. מַעֲשֵׂהוּ, ‖ יְמַהֵר; others: let him hasten on his work), יָחִישׁ Isaiah 28:16 hasten away (flee), or hasten about distractedly (si vera l.; Cheyne Guthe read ימישׁ yield, give way).

transit. c. with suffix Isaiah 60:22 I will hasten it; with a direct object Psalms 55:9 I would hasten (= secure quickly) my escape.

חִישׁ

adverb quickly, כי גז חישׁ Psalms 90:10 of passing away of human life.

חוּשׁ²

verb feel, enjoy (with the senses) (Nowack comp. Arabic حَسَّ feel, perceive by senses; Mishnaic Hebrew חוּשׁ feel pain; Aramaic ܚܳܫ חוּשׁ, feel pain; Ethiopic ሕዋስ perception)—only

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular מִי יֹאכַל וּמִי יָחוּשׁ Ecclesiastes 2:25 who can eat and who can feel (that is enjoy pleasure)?

חוּשָׁה

n.pr.m. a ‘son’ of חוּר = place in Judah I Chronicles 4:4.

חוּשַׁי

n.pr.m.

ח׳ הָאַרְכִּי II Samuel 15:32 so II Samuel 17:5, II Samuel 17:14, called רֵעֶה דוד II Samuel 15:37 friend of David, so II Samuel 16:16 a; compare II Samuel 16:16, II Samuel 16:17, II Samuel 16:18 I Chronicles 27:33; also I Samuel 17:6, I Samuel 17:7, I Samuel 17:8, I Samuel 17:15

I Kings 4:16 father of one of Solomon’s officers.

חוּשִׁים

n.pr.f. wife of Shaharaim of Benjamin, חוּשִׁים I Chronicles 8:8, חֻשִׁים v I Chronicles 8:11.

חֻשִׁים

n.pr.m. of Dan, וּבְנֵי דָן ח׳ Genesis 46:23 compare חֻשִֿׁם בְּנֵי אַחֵר I Chronicles 7:12 (see Be VB); = שׁוּחָם (q.see) Numbers 26:42 compare שׁוּחָתִי v Numbers 26:42, Numbers 26:43.

חֻשָֿׁם

n.pr.m. a king of Edom: חֻשָֿׁם Genesis 36:34, Genesis 36:35 = חוּשָׁם I Chronicles 1:45, I Chronicles 1:46.

חוֹתָם

see sub חתם.

חֲזָאֵל

see חֲזָהאֵל sub i. חזה.

חָזָה

verb (almost wholly poet.) see, behold (Aramaic ܚܙܳܐ, חֲזָא, see, perceive with the eyes; Palmyrene Ethp. אתחזי = ἔδοξεν Reckendorf^{ZMG, 1888, 397}; Arabic حَزَى, perceive with the inner vision, only; حَازٍ astronomer, astrologer)—

past (עבר) ח׳ Psalms 58:11 + 6 times; חָזִיתָ Proverbs 22:29; Proverbs 29:20; חָזִית Isaiah 57:8; חָזִיתִי Job 15:17; חֲזִיתִךָ Psalms 63:3; חָ֥זוּ Job 24:1 + 5 times; חֲזִיתֶם Job 27:12 Ezekiel 13:7, Ezekiel 13:8; future (עתיד) יֶחֱזֶה Numbers 24:4 + 2 times; 3rd feminine singular וְתַ֫חַז Micah 4:11; 2nd masculine singular תֶּחֱזֶה Exodus 18:21; 1st singular אֶחֱזֶה Psalms 17:15 + 4 times; אָ֫חַז Job 23:9; plural יֶחֱזוּ Isaiah 26:11 + 4 times; יֶחֱזָ֑יוּן Isaiah 26:11; תֶּחֱזֶ֫ינָת Isaiah 33:17 + 2 times; תֶּחֱזוּ Isaiah 30:10 Song of Songs 7:1; 1st plural וְנֶחֱזֶת Song of Songs 7:1; imperative (ציווי) חֲזֵה Isaiah 33:20; Isaiah 48:6; חֲזוּ Psalms 46:9 Isaiah 30:10; infinitive (מקור) construct חֲזוֹת Psalms 27:4 Ezekiel 21:34; participle (בינוני) חֹזֶה Ezekiel 12:27; plural חֹזִים Isaiah 47:13 Ezekiel 13:9, Ezekiel 13:16; Ezekiel 22:28. (All other ptc. forms are used as nouns, see חֹזֶה.)

see, behold:

with the eye, direct object rei Psalms 58:9, Psalms 58:11 Proverbs 22:29; Proverbs 29:20 Isaiah 33:20; Isaiah 57:8; God in theophany Exodus 24:11; God, after death, apart from the flesh Job 19:26, Job 19:27; the face of God Psalms 11:7; Psalms 17:15 (after death).

subj. the eyes themselves; man’s eyes: תֶּחֱזֶינָה עֵינֶיךָ thine eyes will behold Isaiah 33:17; also of God’s eyes: Psalms 11:4; Psalms 17:2.

with בְּ look on (intensely, with gratification); a damsel Song of Songs 7:1, Song of Songs 7:1; Zion Micah 4:11; נֹעַם י׳ in the temple Psalms 27:4; the work of God Job 36:25; with investigation בַּכּוֹכָבִים on the stars, as stargazers, in astrology Isaiah 47:13.

see as a seer in the ecstatic state, with direct object of the vision seen: חזון Isaiah 1:1 Ezekiel 12:27; Ezekiel 13:16; מחזה Numbers 24:4, Numbers 24:16 (JE; poet., Balaam); מחזה שׁוא Ezekiel 13:7; משּׂא Isaiah 13:1 Habakkuk 1:1; משׂאות שׁוא Lamentations 2:14; שׁוא Ezekiel 13:6, Ezekiel 13:9, Ezekiel 13:23; Ezekiel 21:34; Ezekiel 22:28 Lamentations 2:14; כזב Ezekiel 13:8; שֶׁקֶר Zechariah 10:2; obj. deceitful things Isaiah 30:10; דבר(ים) Isaiah 2:1 Amos 1:1 Micah 1:1; with לְ, be a seer, for any one Isaiah 30:10; see a vision for one Lamentations 2:14, Lamentations 2:14.

see, perceive:

with the intelligence, absolute Job 34:32 Proverbs 24:32; direct object rei Isaiah 48:6; Yahweh in his temple Psalms 63:3; in his providential workings Job 23:9 Psalms 46:9 Isaiah 26:11^(×2).

see, by experience absolute Job 27:12; direct object rei Job 15:17; Job 24:1.

provide, תחזה מכל העם אנשׁי חיל Exodus 18:21 provide from all the people men of ability.

—בֵּית אֲבָנִים יֶחֱזֶה Job 8:17 is difficult: RV renders he (it) beholdeth the place of stones (the root of the plant personified) Hengst, compare Reuss al. after Peshitta Targum. Other renderings are: pierceth (compare חָזַז) Böttcher Ewald Hitzig (יְחַזֶּה), Dillmann De Muhlau-Volck; between (see p. 108) the stones it liveth (יִחְיֶה) Septuagint Siegf.

חוֹזָ֑י²

II Chronicles 33:19, see following.

חֹזֶה

noun (masc.) seer;—absolute ח׳ Amos 7:12 + 7 times; construct חֹזֵה I Chronicles 21:9 + 3 times; חוֹזֵה II Chronicles 35:15; plural חֹזִים II Chronicles 29:10 + 4 times; חוֹזִים II Chronicles 33:19 (so read with Septuagint; חוֹזָ֑י Masoretic Text scribal error)—

seer:

of unnamed persons, syn. נבא(ים) II Kings 17:13 Isaiah 29:10; רֹאִים Isaiah 30:10; קֹסְמִים Micah 3:7; historical writers דִּבְרֵי הַחֹזִים II Chronicles 33:18, דברי חוזים (Septuagint) II Chronicles 33:19 (Masoretic Text appar. n.pr.)

named prophets; Gad II Samuel 24:11 = I Chronicles 21:9, I Chronicles 29:29 II Chronicles 29:25; Amos Amos 7:12; Iddo II Chronicles 9:29; II Chronicles 12:15; Jehu II Chronicles 19:2.

the singers: Heman I Chronicles 25:5; Asaph II Chronicles 29:30; Jeduthun II Chronicles 35:15.

It seems best to add 2. vision (compare רֹאֶה Isaiah 28:7) עִם שְׁאוֹל עָשִׂינוּ חֹזֶה Isaiah 28:15 with Sheʾôl we made a vision (had a vision, in connexion with Sheʾôl—that is by necromancy, see Duhm—which makes us secure; ‖ כרת ברית אֶת־מָוֶת); Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 156 e trans. oracle here and II Kings 17:13; Hoffmann^{journal ZAW iii. 95} puts this under 1: ‘we have appointed a prophet with Sheʾôl (Siegfried-Stade “Ein bei der Scheol bestellter Seher”), who is answerable to us for it;’ Septuagint Vulgate Targum AV RV Cheyne Dillmann al., are at (or have made an) agreement (prophetic advice of seers being taken at time of making treaties; see חָזוּת 1)—Vid. also כָּל־חֹזֶה n.pr.m. sub כל.

חָזוֹן

noun (masc.) ^{Daniel 8:1} vision (on format. compare Lg^{BN 204})—absolute ח׳ Hosea 12:11 + 25 times; construct חֲזוֹן Isaiah 1:1 + 8 times.

vision, as seen in the ecstatic state ‖ קסם Micah 3:6; ‖ מקסם Ezekiel 12:24; ‖ חלמות Daniel 1:17; ‖ נביא Daniel 9:24; חזה ח׳ Ezekiel 12:27; Ezekiel 13:16; ראה ח׳ Daniel 8:15; ראה בח׳ Daniel 8:2, Daniel 8:2; Daniel 9:21; דבּר בח׳ Psalms 89:20; חזון נראה אל Daniel 8:1 vision appeared unto; מצא ח׳ מיהוה Lamentations 2:9 find a vision from Yahweh; also Ezekiel 12:22, Ezekiel 12:23 Daniel 8:13, Daniel 8:17, Daniel 8:26; Daniel 10:14; Daniel 11:14.

vision, in the night חֲזוֹן לַיְלָה Isaiah 29:7.

divine communication in a vision, oracle, prophecy בקשׁ ח׳ מנביא seek a vision (prophecy) from prophet Ezekiel 7:26; ‖ דבר(ים) I Samuel 3:1 I Chronicles 17:15; חֲזוֹן לִבָּם יְדַבֵּ֑רוּ Jeremiah 23:16 a prophecy of their own hearts (minds) they speak; חֲזוֹן שֶׁקֶר וְקֶסֶם אֱלִיל וְתַרְמִית לִבָּם הֵמָּה מִתְנַבְּאִים Jeremiah 14:14 false vision and (see אֱלִיל) worthless divination & deceit of their own hearts they are prophesying; כתב ח׳ write the vision Habakkuk 2:2; also Hosea 12:11 Habakkuk 2:3 Proverbs 29:18 Ezekiel 7:13 (del. Co).

vision, as title of book of prophecy, ספר חזון נחוּם Nahum 1:1; ח׳ ישׁעיהו Isaiah 1:1; ח׳ עבדיה Obadiah 1:1; of other writings of prophets II Chronicles 32:32.

חָזוּת

noun (fem.) vision, conspicuousness (on format. compare Lg^{BN 202})—absolute ח׳ Isaiah 21:2 Daniel 8:5, Daniel 8:8; construct חָזוּת Isaiah 29:11; with suffix חָזוּתְכֶם Isaiah 28:18;—

vision, oracle of a prophet חָזוּת קָשָׁה הֻגַּד־לִי Isaiah 21:2 a hard vision is declared to me; וַתְּהִי לָכֶם חָזוּת הַכֹּל כְּדִבְרֵי הַסֵּפֶר הֶחָתוּם Isaiah 29:11 the vision (prophecy) of the whole is become to you as the words of a sealed writing; חָזוּתְכֶם אֶת־שְׁאוֹל לֹא תָקוּם Isaiah 28:18 your agreement with Sheol will not stand, so Gesenius' Thesaurus Muhlau-Volck De Cheyne Dillmann al. after Vrss, but Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 156 e renders oracle, and Siegf. Hellseherei, see חֹזֶה 2.

conspicuousness in appearance: קֶרֶן הָזוּת a conspicuous horn Daniel 8:5 = the great horn v Daniel 8:8, Daniel 8:21; so חָזוּת אַרְבַּע Daniel 8:8, but < read אֲחֵרוֹת others, as Septuagint Gratz Bev.

חִזָּיוֹן

noun (masc.) ^{II Samuel 7:17} vision (on format. compare Lg^{BN 200})—absolute ח׳ II Samuel 7:17 Isaiah 22:1, Isaiah 22:5; construct חֶזְיוֹן Job 20:8; Job 33:15; with suffix חֶזְיֹנוֹ Zechariah 13:4; plural absolute חֶזְיֹנוֹת Job 7:14 Joel 3:1, construct the same Job 4:13;—

vision, in the ecstatic state ראה ח׳ Joel 3:1; גּי(א) ח׳ valley of vision Isaiah 22:1, Isaiah 22:5.

vision, in the night חֶזְיוֹנ(וֹת) לַיְלָה Job 4:13; Job 20:8; Job 33:15; ‖ חֲלֹמוֹת Job 7:14.

divine communication in a vision, oracle, prophecy: ‖ דברים II Samuel 7:17 (= חזון I Chronicles 17:15); יֵבשׁוּ אִישׁ מֵחֶזְיֹנוֹ בְּהִנָּֽכְאֹתוֹ Zechariah 13:4 they will be ashamed, every one of his vision when he prophesieth.

חֶזְיוֹן

n.pr.m. (vision) ancestor of Benhadad king of Aramaic I Kings 15:18 (Klostermann proposes חֶזְרוֹן and comp. Septuagint I Kings 11:23).

חֲזָהאֵל

n.pr.m. (Ēl sees; Assyrian Ḫazaʾilu COT^Gloss) king of Aramaic II Kings 8:8, II Kings 8:13, II Kings 8:15, v II Kings 8:29 = II Chronicles 22:6; contr. חֲזָאֵל I Kings 19:15, I Kings 19:17 II Kings 8:9, II Kings 8:12, v II Kings 8:28 = II Chronicles 22:5, II Kings 9:14, II Kings 9:15; II Kings 10:32; II Kings 12:18^(×2), II Kings 12:19; II Kings 13:3^(×2), II Kings 13:22, II Kings 13:24, II Kings 13:25; בֵּית חֲזָאֵל Amos 1:4.

חֲזָיָה

n.pr.m. (Yah hath seen) one of the chiefs of the בְּנֵי יְהוּדָה Nehemiah 11:5.

חָזֶה

noun (masc.) ^{Leviticus 7:31} breast of animals (Aramaic ܚܰܕܝܳܐ, חַדְיָא)—absolute ח׳ Exodus 29:26 + 4 times; construct חֲזֵה Exodus 29:27 + 5 times; plural חָזוֹת Leviticus 9:20, Leviticus 9:21—breast, only P, and only of sacrificial animals; always as wave-offering; of ram of installation Exodus 29:26, Exodus 29:27 Leviticus 8:29, of peace-offering Leviticus 7:30, Leviticus 7:30; Leviticus 9:20, Leviticus 9:21, of Nazirite sacrif. Numbers 6:20; perquisite of Aaron and his sons Leviticus 7:31, Leviticus 7:34; Leviticus 10:14, Leviticus 10:15, compare Numbers 18:18.

חֲזוֹ

n.pr.m. son of Nahor Genesis 22:22, Septuagint Αζαυ (compare Assyrian n.pr.location Hazû, mentioned with Bazû (see iii. בּוּז) by Esar. Delitzsch^{Pa 307; ZK 1885, 93 f.} COT on Genesis 22:21; also Dillmann).

חָזַק

verb be or grow firm, strong, strengthen (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic ܚܙܰܩ, חֲזַק bind on or about, gird on, compare Arabic حَزَقَ bind, squeeze)—

past (עבר) ח׳ Genesis 41:57 + 4 times; חָזָק֑ II Chronicles 26:15; with suffix חֲזָקוֹ II Chronicles 28:20, etc.; future (עתיד) יֶחֱזַק II Chronicles 28:7 (Baer) + 2 times; וַיֶּחֱזַק Genesis 41:56 +; יֶחֶזְקוּ II Samuel 10:11 + 2 times; יֶחְזְקוּ Isaiah 28:22; imperative (ציווי) חֲזַק Deuteronomy 12:23 +; חִזְקוּ Deuteronomy 31:6 +; infinitive (מקור) construct לְחָזְקָה II Kings 12:13; with suffix לְחָזְקָהּ Ezekiel 30:21; participle (בינוני) חָזֵק Exodus 19:19 II Samuel 3:1, etc.;—

intrans. be or grow strong:—

of physical strength of hands Judges 7:11 II Samuel 2:7; II Samuel 16:21 Ezekiel 22:14 Zechariah 8:9, Zechariah 8:13 (on Ezekiel 3:14 see below); of arm, followed by inf. Ezekiel 30:21; used of recovery from illness Isaiah 39:1; followed by מִן compar. over-power I Samuel 17:50 (c. בְּ instr.), II Samuel 13:14.

of people, army Deuteronomy 11:8 Joshua 17:13, = Judges 1:28, Ezra 9:12; followed by מִן compar. be stronger than, too strong for, prevail against II Samuel 10:11^(×2) = I Chronicles 19:12^(×2) I Kings 20:23, I Kings 20:25; the same, followed by direct object I Kings 16:22, compare of י׳ as prevailing over man Jeremiah 20:7 (‖ יָכֹל); followed by על II Chronicles 8:3; II Chronicles 27:5.

of royal power וְדָוִד הֹלֵךְ וְחָזֵק II Samuel 3:1 (opposite הֹלְכִים וְדַלִּים); compare II Chronicles 26:15 (‖ חֶזְקָה v II Chronicles 26:16), Daniel 11:5.

prevail over, upon, of word of king II Samuel 24:4 (followed by אֶל־) = I Chronicles 21:4 (followed by עַל).

of bonds Isaiah 28:22.

of sound of trumpet הוֹלֵךְ וְחָזֵק מְאֹד Exodus 19:19 (E, compare חָזָק v Exodus 19:16) it grew much louder and louder.

be firm, fast:—

literally be caught fast, of Absalom’s head II Samuel 18:9 (followed by בְּ).

be firm, secure, of a kingdom II Kings 14:5 (+ בְּיָדוֹ) = II Chronicles 25:3 (+ עָלָיו). Oftener

be firm = courageous, confident, especially imperative (ציווי), usually ‖ אמץ (q.see), Deuteronomy 31:6, Deuteronomy 31:7, Deuteronomy 31:23 Joshua 1:6, Joshua 1:7, Joshua 1:9, Joshua 1:18; Joshua 10:25; Joshua 23:6 (all D), II Samuel 10:12; II Samuel 13:28 I Kings 2:2 I Chronicles 19:13 (‖ התחזק), I Chronicles 22:13; I Chronicles 28:10, I Chronicles 28:20 II Chronicles 15:7; II Chronicles 19:11; II Chronicles 32:7 Ezra 10:4 Psalms 27:14; Psalms 31:25 Isaiah 35:4; Isaiah 41:6 Haggai 2:4^(×3) Daniel 10:19^(×2); followed by לַמִּלְחָמָה II Chronicles 25:8.

hold firmly to, devote oneself to, followed by בְּ II Chronicles 31:4.

followed by infinitive (מקור) be firm not to eat blood, that is firmly refrain from it Deuteronomy 12:23, compare I Chronicles 28:7.

press, be urgent, followed by עַל + infinitive (מקור) Exodus 12:33; followed by עַל of hand of י׳ in prophetic ecstasy Ezekiel 3:14 (Septuagint Co read חֲזָקָה, adjective, see חָזָק).

in bad sense:

grow stout, rigid, hard, with idea of perversity, of Pharaoh’s heart Exodus 7:13, Exodus 7:22; Exodus 8:15 (all P), Exodus 9:35; compare חזקו עָלַי דבריכם Malachi 3:13.

be severe, grievous, of battle II Kings 3:26; of famine Genesis 41:56, Genesis 41:57, Genesis 47:20 (J; followed by על), II Kings 25:3 = Jeremiah 52:6.

transit. only לֹא חֲזָקוֹ II Chronicles 28:20 strengthened him not, but text very doubtful (‖ וַיָּצַר לוֹ).

past (עבר) חִזַּק Psalms 147:13 +, etc.; future (עתיד) וַיְחַזֵּק Exodus 9:12 + 10 times, etc.; imperative (ציווי) חַזֵּק Nehemiah 6:9 + 2 times; fs. חַזְּקִי Nahum 3:14; חַזֵּ֑קִי Isaiah 54:2 etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct חַזֵּק II Kings 12:9 + 12 times; participle (בינוני) מְחַזֵּק Exodus 14:17; מְחַזְּקִים II Kings 12:9;—

make strong (physically):

followed by direct object person Judges 16:28; followed by על Judges 3:12; followed by מָתְנַיִם Nahum 2:2 (‖ אַמֵּץ כֹּחַ; of personif. people).

= restore to strength Daniel 10:18, Daniel 10:19; to health Ezekiel 34:4, Ezekiel 34:16; c. לְ give strength to I Chronicles 29:12; so, followed by זְרוֹעֹתָם, Hosea 7:15 Ezekiel 30:24 (and v Ezekiel 30:25 Co, see Hiph.)

followed by direct object rei Isaiah 41:7 Jeremiah 10:4 (both c. בְּ instr.; of manufacture of idols); of strengthening tent-pegs, in metaphorically Isaiah 54:4, compare Isaiah 33:23; followed by bars of gates Psalms 147:13; often of making strong, fortifying a town, etc. Nahum 3:14 II Chronicles 11:11, II Chronicles 11:12; II Chronicles 26:9; II Chronicles 32:5; = repair (wall, obj. not expr.) Nehemiah 3:19 see Hiph.; with a direct object of temple II Kings 12:6, II Kings 12:7, II Kings 12:15; II Kings 22:6 II Chronicles 24:5, II Chronicles 24:12; II Chronicles 29:3; II Chronicles 34:8, compare v II Chronicles 34:10 (‖ לִבְדּוֹק); followed by לְבית י׳ I Chronicles 26:27; obj. breaches (direct object) II Kings 12:8, II Kings 12:9, II Kings 12:13; II Kings 22:5.

of establishing kingdom II Chronicles 11:17.

strengthen the hands (direct object) of any one, that is sustain, encourage (opposite רִפָּה) Judges 9:24 Jeremiah 23:14 Ezekiel 13:22 Isaiah 35:3 Job 4:3 Ezra 6:22 Nehemiah 2:18; Nehemiah 6:9 II Chronicles 29:34; וַיְח׳ ידו בֵּאלהים I Samuel 23:16; followed by בְּ Ezra 1:6 (+ בְּ instr.)

make strong = bold, encourage, with a direct object Deuteronomy 1:38; Deuteronomy 3:28 II Samuel 15:5 Isaiah 41:7; with a direct object person + לַעֲבֹדַת בֵּית י׳ II Chronicles 35:2.

make firm:—

c. II Chronicles 35:2 direct object וְאַבְנֵֽטְךָ אֲחַזְּקֶנּוּ Isaiah 22:21 and with thy sash (of office) will I make him firm, that is bind it firmly about him (‖ הלבישׁ).

make firm or fixed, = definitely adopt דָּבָר רָע יח׳־לָמוֹ Psalms 64:6.

make rigid, hard, that is perverse, obstinate, harden (the heart of any one) Exodus 4:21; Exodus 10:20, Exodus 10:27 (all E), Exodus 9:12; Exodus 11:10; Exodus 14:4, Exodus 14:8, Exodus 14:17 (all P), Joshua 11:20; see also ח׳ פניהם מִסֶּלַע Jeremiah 5:3†.

past (עבר) הֶחֱזִיק Judges 7:8 +; 3rd feminine singular הֶחֱזִ֫יקָה Jeremiah 49:24 +; with suffix הֶחֱזִקָ֑תְנִי Jeremiah 8:21; הֶחֱזַ֫קְתִּי Nehemiah 5:16 + 3 times; וְהַחֲזַקְתִּ֫י Ezekiel 30:25, etc.; future (עתיד) יַחֲזִיק Job 8:15 + 2 times; 1st singular וְאַחְזֵק Isaiah 42:6; יַחֲזִיקוּ Jeremiah 6:23 + 2 times; יַחֲזִקוּ Daniel 11:32, etc.; imperative (ציווי) הַחֲזֵק II Samuel 11:25 + 2 times, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct הַחֲזִיק II Kings 15:19 Isaiah 64:6; with suffix הֶחֱזִיקִי Jeremiah 31:32 (הַח׳ Cod. Petrop. see Robertson Smith^{JPh. xvi, 1888, 73}); participle (בינוני) מַחֲזִיק Exodus 9:2 + 9 times; with suffix מַחֲזִקָהּ Daniel 11:6; fs. מַחֲזֶקֶת Nehemiah 4:11; plural מַחֲזִיקִים Nehemiah 4:10 + 5 times; construct מַחֲזִיקֵי Ezekiel 27:9, Ezekiel 27:27;—

make strong, strengthen Jeremiah 51:12.

make firm, the kingdom II Kings 15:19 (+ בְּיָדוֹ).

display strength (late) II Chronicles 26:8 (‖ וַיֵּלֶךְ שְׁמוֹ עַד וגו׳), Daniel 11:32 (‖ וְעָשׂוּ).

make severe, of battle II Samuel 11:25.

followed by יד = support Ezekiel 16:49; followed by זְרוֹעוֹת Ezekiel 30:25 (subj. י׳; but Co reads Pi. as v Ezekiel 30:24)†.

= repair, walls of Jerus., Nehemiah 3:4^(×3) + 31 times Nehemiah 3; compare (in generally) pt. used substant. מחזיקי בדקך Ezekiel 27:9, Ezekiel 27:27 of Tyre and her ships (‖ מַלָּחִים, etc.)

prevail, absolute Daniel 11:7; followed by עַל Job 18:9; prevail upon to הח׳ בּוֹ לֶאֱכֹל II Kings 4:8.

especially take or keep hold of, seize, grasp:

take hold of, seize, catch, followed by בְּ Genesis 19:4, Genesis 21:18, Exodus 4:4 (J; ‖ אחז), Judges 7:20 I Samuel 15:27 II Samuel 1:11 I Kings 1:50; I Kings 2:28 II Kings 2:12; II Kings 4:27 Isaiah 4:1 Zechariah 8:23^(×2) Proverbs 7:13; Proverbs 26:17, compare also Judges 19:25, Judges 19:29 II Chronicles 28:15; with violence Deuteronomy 22:25; Deuteronomy 25:11 I Samuel 17:35 (perhaps pf. consec. freq., see Driver), II Samuel 2:16; II Samuel 13:11; followed by לְ II Samuel 15:5; figuratively take hold in order to lead one (subj. י׳) followed by בְּ Jeremiah 31:32, with a direct object Isaiah 41:9, Isaiah 41:13; compare Isaiah 51:18 (בְּ; ‖נֵהֵל); followed by direct object Nahum 3:14 take hold of the brick-mould, Jeremiah 6:23 = Jeremiah 50:42, Zechariah 14:13 (with violence), Psalms 35:2 Nehemiah 4:10, Nehemiah 4:11, seize the kingdom Daniel 11:21; in metaphorically Micah 4:9 (הֶחֱזִיקֵךְ חִיל), Jeremiah 6:24; Jeremiah 8:21; Jeremiah 49:24 (see Gie), Jeremiah 50:43; of pious laying hold of י׳, followed by בְּ Isaiah 64:6, compare Isaiah 27:5; Isaiah 56:2, Isaiah 56:4, Isaiah 56:6; of other gods I Kings 9:9 = II Chronicles 7:22; laying hold of wisdom Proverbs 3:18, compare Proverbs 4:13 Job 2:3, Job 2:9; Job 27:6 Jeremiah 8:5.

have or keep hold of, followed by בְּ Judges 16:26 II Samuel 3:29 Jeremiah 50:33 Nehemiah 4:15.

hold up, followed by בְּ, figuratively = sustain, support Leviticus 25:35; of י׳ holding his servants Isaiah 42:6; Isaiah 45:1, compare Job 8:20; see also pt. used substantively Daniel 11:1 (‖ מָעוֹז), v Daniel 11:6 (‖ מֵבִיא, יֹלֵד); of Ne. holding fast to (בְּ) his work Nehemiah 5:16; compare of wicked, holding to his house Job 8:15; cleave or cling to (על) one’s brethren Nehemiah 10:30. hence

keep, retain, followed by בְּ Exodus 9:2, Judges 7:8; Judges 19:4; so Ezekiel 7:13 Smend Co (Masoretic Text Hithp.); followed by anger (direct object) Micah 7:18.

hence also hold, contain, followed by direct object II Chronicles 4:5.

(especially Ch) past (עבר) הִתְחַזַּק II Chronicles 13:7 + 3 times, etc.; future (עתיד) וַיִּתְחַזֵּק Genesis 48:2 + 7 times; וַיִּתְחַזַּק II Chronicles 21:4; II Chronicles 32:5; יִתְחַזָּ֑קוּ Ezekiel 7:13 (but Smend Co read Hiph.), etc.; imperative (ציווי) הִתְחַזַּק I Kings 20:22; הִתְחַזְּקוּ I Samuel 4:9; infinitive (מקור) construct לְהִתְחַזֵּק II Chronicles 13:8; II Chronicles 16:9; participle (בינוני) מִתְחַזֵּק II Samuel 3:6 Daniel 10:21; plural מִתְחַזְּקִים I Chronicles 11:10;—

strengthen oneself II Samuel 3:6 I Kings 20:22 II Chronicles 1:1; II Chronicles 12:13; II Chronicles 13:21; II Chronicles 21:4; II Chronicles 23:1; II Chronicles 25:11; II Chronicles 27:6; followed by עַל against II Chronicles 17:1; gain strength Ezra 7:28 Daniel 10:19, compare הִתְח׳ ביהוה I Samuel 30:6; figuratively = take courage II Chronicles 15:8.

put forth strength, use one’s strength Genesis 48:2 (that is he exerted himself, he sat up by a great effort), Numbers 13:20 Judges 20:22 I Samuel 4:9 II Samuel 10:12 I Chronicles 19:13 II Chronicles 32:5.

followed by לִפְנֵי withstand II Chronicles 13:7, II Chronicles 13:8.

followed by עִם hold strongly with I Chronicles 11:10 Daniel 10:21, compare of י׳, להתח׳ עִם לְבָבָם שָׁלֵם אֵלָיו II Chronicles 16:9.—For יִתְחַזָּ֑קוּ Ezekiel 7:13 read Hiph., see Smend Co Davidson.

חָזָק

adjective strong, stout, mighty;—ח׳ Exodus 10:19 + 18 times; f. חֲזָקָה Exodus 3:19 + 31 times + Ezekiel 3:14 (Co for Masoretic Text verb 3rd feminine singular); plural חֲזָקִים Judges 18:25 + 2 times; construct חִזְקֵי Ezekiel 2:4 (del. Co see below) Ezekiel 3:7;—

strong:

of men, rarely pred. Numbers 13:18 (opposite רָפֶה), v Numbers 13:31 (compar. c. מִן), Joshua 14:11; Joshua 17:18 (all JE), Judges 18:26 (compar. c. מִן); also of גֹּאֲלָם Jeremiah 50:34 Proverbs 23:11; of hand of י׳ Joshua 4:24, so Ezekiel 3:14 Septuagint Co (see above and חָזַק Qal 3); compare of Tyre הָֽיְתָה חֲזָקָה בַּיָּם Ezekiel 26:17 (del. B Co).

usually attrib.; of arm of Pharaoh Ezekiel 30:22 (opposite נִשְׁבָּ֑רֶת); especially of hand of י׳ in delivering Isr. from Egypt, Exodus 3:19 (gloss? see Dillmann), Exodus 6:1^(×2); Exodus 13:9 (all J), Deuteronomy 6:21; Deuteronomy 7:8; Deuteronomy 9:26 Daniel 9:15; in wonders done by agency of Moses Deuteronomy 34:12; also בְּכֹחַ גָּדוֹל וּבְיָד חֲזָקָה Exodus 32:11, compare Nehemiah 1:10, but oftener ביד חזקה וּבִזְרוֹעַ נְטוּיָה Deuteronomy 4:34; Deuteronomy 5:15; Deuteronomy 7:19; Deuteronomy 11:2; Deuteronomy 26:8 Jeremiah 32:21 Psalms 136:12; of control of enemies and deliverance from exile Ezekiel 20:33, Ezekiel 20:34; more generally Deuteronomy 3:24 (‖ גָּדְלְךָ), I Kings 8:42 = II Chronicles 6:32; of י׳’s opposition to Zedekiah Jeremiah 21:5; once of Edom, opposite Isr. בעם כבד וביד חזקה Numbers 20:20.

of sword of י׳ Isaiah 27:1 (‖ הַקָּשָׁה וְהַגְּדוֹלָה), of wind Exodus 10:19, I Kings 19:11; sound of trumpet (= loud) Exodus 19:16.

severe, sharp, hot, of war I Samuel 14:52 (pred.), battle II Samuel 11:15, sickness I Kings 17:17 (pred.), famine I Kings 18:2.

firm, hard, of face, פנים Ezekiel 3:8, forehead, מֵצַח v Ezekiel 3:8; adamant, sim. of forehead v Ezekiel 3:9 (compar., c. מִן); of sky Job 37:18 (pred.) In plural construct ח׳ לֵב Ezekiel 2:4 hard of heart (‖ קְשֵׁי פָנִים) but om. B Co, ח׳־מֵצַח Ezekiel 3:7 hard (= impudent) of forehead (‖ קְשֵׁי־לֵב).

as noun, a strong one, of י׳ (בְּחָזָק, as, in the character of, a strong one) Isaiah 40:10; of י׳’s agent Isaiah 28:2 (‖ אַמִּץ); see also וְחָזָק לֹא יְאַמֵּץ כֹּחוֹ Amos 2:14; c. מִן comp. = one too strong for Jeremiah 31:11 Psalms 35:10. In Ezekiel 34:16 Masoretic Text uses הח׳ in bad sense (‖ הַשְּׁמֵנָה), Septuagint Co, with diff. text, in good sense. (see VB).

חֵ֫זֶק

n.[m.] strength, only י׳ חִזְקִי Psalms 18:2 (om. by error ‖ II Samuel 22:2 where SeptuagintL ἰσχύς μου). (De al. der. from חֹזֶק, but [חֶזְקָה] favours חֵזֶק).

חֹ֫זֶק

noun (masc.) strength;—ח׳ construct Exodus 13:3 + 3 times; חָזְקֵנוּ Amos 6:13;—

of י׳, ח׳ יַד Exodus 13:3, Exodus 13:14, Exodus 13:16 (all JE).

national strength Amos 6:13 Haggai 2:22.

חִזְקִיָּ֫הוּ

n.pr.m. (י׳ hath strengthened, י׳ strengtheneth; = Assyrian Ḫazaḳi(i)au, Schr^COT on II Kings 18:1, Jäger^{BAS i, 469}; compare n.pr. יחזק on seal Gann^{JAs 1883 Feb.–Mar., 134 Noldeke. 7};—on format. see Lagarde^{BN 134})—

Septuagint Εζεκιας, son of Ahaz, King of Judah, seldom †חִזְקִיָּה II Kings 18:1, II Kings 18:10, II Kings 18:14^(×2), II Kings 18:15, II Kings 18:16^(×2), also אַנְשֵׁי ח׳ Proverbs 25:1 †; elsewhere in 2 K (except II Kings 20:10) חִזְקִיָּהוּ: II Kings 16:20; II Kings 18:9 + 34 times, II Kings 18-21 ‖ Isaiah 36:1 + 31 times, Isaiah 36-39; also †Jeremiah 26:18, Jeremiah 26:19 I Chronicles 3:13 II Chronicles 29:18, II Chronicles 29:27; II Chronicles 30:24; II Chronicles 32:15; in Ch usually יְחִזְקִיָּהוּ I Chronicles 4:41 II Chronicles 28:27 + 35 times II Chronicles 29-33; also II Kings 20:10 Jeremiah 15:4, and in title Isaiah 1:1; †יִחִזְקִיָּה Hosea 1:1 Micah 1:1 †(if י in these three be not textual error for וְ).

חִזְקִיָּה great-great-grandfather of proph. Zephaniah Zephaniah 1:1, Septuagint τοῦ Εζεκιου, perhaps = 1.

Septuagint Εζεκια(ς), חִזְקִיָּה man of royal Davidic line I Chronicles 3:23 probably near time of Chr.

יְחִזְקִיָּה, Septuagint Εζεκια(ς), head of a family of returned exiles Ezra 2:16 = חִזְקִיָּה Nehemiah 7:20, compare also ח׳ Nehemiah 10:18.

יְחִזְקִיָּהוּ Septuagint Εζεκιας, an Ephraimite, Ahaz’s time II Chronicles 28:12.

חֲזִיר

noun (masc.) ^{Psalms 80:14} swine, boar (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic חֲזִירָא, ܚܙܺܝܪܳܐ; Arabic خِنْزِيرٌ (Aramaic loan-wd. according to Frä ¹¹⁰, yet see Lagarde^{BN 113}); Ethiopic ኀንዚር (only once; = wild boar), see Hom^{NS 319 f. 358, 385})—always st. absolute, 4 times c. art. הַח׳;—

swine, forbidden as food Leviticus 11:7, Deuteronomy 14:8, compare בְּשַׂר הַח׳ Isaiah 65:4; Isaiah 66:17, and דַּם־ח׳ Isaiah 66:3 as heathen offering (Robertson Smith^{Sem i, 272.325.338.392}); with implication of repulsiveness נֶזֶם זָהָב בְּאַף ח׳ Proverbs 11:22 sim. of fair woman with doubtful character.

wild boar ח׳ מִיָּ֑עַר Psalms 80:14 figuratively of foes of Isr. (in figuratively of vineyard).

חֵזִיר

n.pr.m. (compare inscr. in RA ^{1867, plural 7}, Driver^{Smend xxiii}; Noldeke^{ZMG 1886, 162} ‘pointing ֵto avoid offence;’ but Nbr^{Acad. 1887, Dec. 17} comp. Talm & Targum (חַזּוּרָא, חֵיזוּר, חֲזוּרָא etc.) pomegranate (and apple; Syriac ܚܰܙܘܽܪ, ܚܰܙܘܽܪܳܐ), compare בְּנֵי רִמּוֹן II Samuel 4:2, II Samuel 4:5, II Samuel 4:9)—

a priest of 17th course (assigned to David’s time) I Chronicles 24:15; Septuagint Χηζειν (16th, v I Chronicles 24:14), but A Ιεζειρ, SeptuagintL Χηζειρ.

one of those sealed Nehemiah 10:21; Septuagint Ηζειρ, SeptuagintL Αζηρ.

חַח²

see sub חוח.

חָטָא

verb miss (a goal or way), go wrong, sin (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic חֲטָא, ܚܛܳܐ; Assyrian ḫaṭû, Zim^{BP 46}; Sab. חֿטא, החֿטא, the same, DHM in Muhlau-Volck; Arabic خَطِىَٔ do wrong, commit a mistake or an error; ii. make to miss the mark; iv. miss the mark, miss the way; Ethiopic ኀጥአ fail to find or have; sometimes sin, especially in deriv.)—

past (עבר) ח׳ Exodus 32:31 + 29 times, 3rd feminine singular חָֽטְאָה Leviticus 5:15 Lamentations 1:8, חָטָ֑אָה Jeremiah 50:14 Ezekiel 16:15, חָטָאת Exodus 5:16, etc., + 82 times past (עבר); future (עתיד) יֶחֱטָא Leviticus 4:3 + 12 times, תֶּחֱטָ֫אוּ Exodus 20:17 Psalms 4:5, etc. + 20 times future (עתיד); infinitive (מקור) חֲטֹא Ezekiel 3:21 + 8 times, מֵחֲטוֹא Psalms 39:2, מֵחֲטוֹ (textual error for מחטא) Genesis 20:6, בְּחֶטְאָה Numbers 15:28, חֲטֹאתוֹ Ezekiel 33:12 (del. Co); participle (בינוני) חוֹטֵא Proverbs 13:22 + 6 times, חֹטֵא Isaiah 1:4 Ecclesiastes 9:2, חוֹטֶא Isaiah 65:20 + 2 times, חֹטֶא Ecclesiastes 8:12, with suffix חֹטְאִי Proverbs 8:36, plural חֹטִ֯אֿים I Samuel 14:33, with suffix חֹטֵאת Ezekiel 18:4, Ezekiel 18:20;—

miss: לא תחטא thou shalt not miss anything Job 5:24, אָץ בְּרַגְלַיִם חוֹטֵא Proverbs 19:2 one hastening with his feet misseth (the way or the goal); חֹטְאִי חֹמֵס נַפְשׁוֹ Proverbs 8:36 the one missing me (Wisdom) is one wronging himself (opposite מֹצְאִי); miss, that is endanger, one’s life Proverbs 20:2 Habakkuk 2:10 according to De VB (others sub 3 q.see)

sin, miss the goal or path of right and duty:

against man, absolute Exodus 5:16, I Samuel 26:21 II Samuel 19:21 I Kings 18:9 II Kings 18:14; with לְ of the person against whom or towards whom one sins, Genesis 40:1, Judges 11:27 I Samuel 2:25; I Samuel 19:4; I Samuel 24:12, I Kings 8:31 = II Chronicles 6:22; מה חטאתי לך wherein have I sinned against thee? Genesis 20:9 Jeremiah 37:18; with בְּ, אל תחטאו בילד Genesis 42:22 do not sin against the lad, against David I Samuel 19:4, I Samuel 19:5.

elsewhere always against God, absolute Exodus 20:17, Exodus 9:34 Joshua 7:11 Leviticus 4:3; Leviticus 5:1, Leviticus 5:11, Leviticus 5:17, Leviticus 5:21, Leviticus 5:23 Numbers 16:22, Nehemiah 6:13 Job 1:5, Job 1:22; Job 7:20; Job 10:14; Job 24:19; Job 35:6 Psalms 4:5; Psalms 78:32 Isaiah 43:27; Isaiah 64:4 Jeremiah 2:35 Lamentations 5:7 Ezekiel 3:21^(×2); Ezekiel 16:51; Ezekiel 28:16; Ezekiel 33:12 Hosea 8:11 (del. Wellhausen ^{Kl. Proph.}), v Hosea 11:11 Hosea 10:9; Hosea 13:2; לא נתתי לחטא חכי I have not permitted my palate to sin Job 31:30; participle (בינוני) חֹטֵא, used as adjective, sinful nation Isaiah 1:4, sinful person Ezekiel 18:4, Ezekiel 18:20; but usually as noun, sinner Proverbs 11:31; Proverbs 13:22; Proverbs 14:21 Ecclesiastes 2:26; Ecclesiastes 7:26; Ecclesiastes 8:12; Ecclesiastes 9:2, Ecclesiastes 9:18 Isaiah 65:20. Sin is confessed: חָטָאנוּ we have sinned Numbers 14:40; Numbers 21:7 Judges 10:15 I Samuel 12:10, I Kings 8:47 = II Chronicles 6:37, Nehemiah 1:6 Psalms 106:6 Lamentations 5:16 Daniel 9:5, Daniel 9:15; חטאתי I have sinned Exodus 9:27 Numbers 22:34 I Samuel 15:24, I Samuel 15:30 II Samuel 24:10, II Samuel 24:17 I Chronicles 21:8, I Chronicles 21:17 Job 33:27. Sin is universal: אין אדם אשׁר לא יחטא there is no man who sinneth not I Kings 8:46 = II Chronicles 6:36, כי אדם אין צדיק בארץ אשׁר יעשׂה טוב ולא יחטא Ecclesiastes 7:20 for man there is none righteous in the earth who doeth good and sinneth not; with לְ, against God Genesis 20:6, Genesis 39:9, Exodus 32:33 Numbers 32:33 (both JE), Deuteronomy 9:16; Deuteronomy 20:18 I Samuel 2:25; I Samuel 12:23; I Samuel 14:33, I Samuel 14:34, I Kings 8:33, I Kings 8:35, I Kings 8:46, I Kings 8:50 = II Chronicles 6:24, II Chronicles 6:26, II Chronicles 6:36, II Chronicles 6:39, II Kings 17:7 Hosea 4:7 Micah 7:9 Zephaniah 1:17 Jeremiah 40:3; Jeremiah 44:23; Jeremiah 50:7, Jeremiah 50:14 Ezekiel 14:13 Isaiah 42:24 Job 8:4 Psalms 78:17; Psalms 119:11 Nehemiah 1:6; in confession חטאתי ל Exodus 10:16 Joshua 7:20, II Samuel 12:13 Psalms 41:5; Psalms 51:6; חטאנו ל Deuteronomy 1:41 Judges 10:10 I Samuel 7:6 Jeremiah 3:25; Jeremiah 8:14; Jeremiah 14:7, Jeremiah 14:20 Daniel 9:8, Daniel 9:11; with בְּ of instr., lips Job 2:10, tongue Psalms 39:2; wherein Ezekiel 37:23 Leviticus 4:23, therein Leviticus 5:22; ellipsis of בְּ in phrase עונם אשׁר ח׳ לי (their) iniquity wherein they sinned against me Jeremiah 33:8^(×2); בשׁגגה by error, unwittingly Leviticus 4:2, Leviticus 4:22, Leviticus 4:27; Leviticus 5:15 Numbers 15:27, Numbers 15:28 (all P); against thy judgments Nehemiah 9:29; with עַל, with regard to Leviticus 5:5 Numbers 6:11 Nehemiah 13:26; with cognate direct object ח׳ חֲטָאָה Exodus 32:30, Exodus 32:31; חַטָּאת אשׁר ח׳ Numbers 12:11 Leviticus 4:3, Leviticus 4:28^(×2), Leviticus 4:35; Leviticus 5:6, Leviticus 5:10, Leviticus 5:13 (all P) Leviticus 19:22^(×2), Deuteronomy 9:18 I Kings 14:16, I Kings 14:22; I Kings 15:30; I Kings 16:13, I Kings 16:19 II Kings 21:17 Ezekiel 18:24; Ezekiel 33:16; חטאת אשׁר ח׳ ל Jeremiah 16:10 Nehemiah 1:6; חטאת אשׁר ח׳ על Leviticus 4:14; חֵטְא ח׳ Lamentations 1:8; חֵטְא אשׁר ח׳ Deuteronomy 19:15.

incur guilt, penalty by sin, forfeit: וחטאתי לך כל הימים Genesis 43:9 I shall incur the blame of sinning against thee all my days, compare Genesis 44:32; with a direct object חוֹטֵא נפשׁ for feiting one-self, one’s life Proverbs 20:2 Habakkuk 2:10 according to most, yet see sub 1.—והביא אשׁמו אשׁר ח׳ Leviticus 5:7, he shall bring his trespass-offering which he has incurred by sin; קרבנו אשׁר ח׳ Leviticus 5:11; את אשׁר ח׳ מן־הקדשׁ ישׁלּם v Leviticus 5:16 what he hath incurred by taking of the holy thing he shall pay.

past (עבר) חִטֵּא Leviticus 14:52; with suffix חִטְּאוֹ Numbers 19:19, חִטֵּאתָ Exodus 29:36 + 2 times; 3rd plural חִטְּאוּ Ezekiel 43:22^(×2); future (עתיד) וַיְחַטֵּא Leviticus 8:15; with suffix וַיְחַטְּאֵהוּ Leviticus 9:15, תְּחַטְּאֵנִי Psalms 51:9, אֲחַטֶּנָּה Genesis 31:39, וַיְחַטְּאוּ II Chronicles 29:24; infinitive (מקור) חַטֵּא Leviticus 14:49 Ezekiel 43:23; participle (בינוני) הַמְחַטֵּא Leviticus 6:19;—

bear loss: אָנֹכִי אֲחַטֶּנָּה I bare the loss of it Genesis 31:39 (E; literally I counted it missing? poss. read אֲחֻטּנה I was made to miss it?).

make a sin-offering: c. with suffix referring to שׂעיר Leviticus 9:15; to sin-offering Leviticus 6:19; על המזבח upon the altar Exodus 29:36 (P; not cleanse the altar RV); ח׳ את דמם המזבחה II Chronicles 29:24 made a sin-offering with their blood on the altar.

purify from sin: the altar, by putting the blood of the sin-offering on its horns, Leviticus 8:15, Ezekiel 43:20, Ezekiel 43:22^(×2), Ezekiel 43:23; the sanctuary, by applying to it the blood of the sin-offering Ezekiel 45:18.

purify from uncleanness: the house of the leper by application of the mixture of living water and blood of the bird Leviticus 14:49, Leviticus 14:52; a person, by application of the mixture of living water and ashes of the red heifer Numbers 19:19, by sprinkling with a hyssop sprig Psalms 51:9.

past (עבר) הֶחֱטִיא I Kings 14:16 + 17 times, הֶחֶטִי֯ (Kt error for החטִיא) II Kings 13:6; with suffix הֶחֱטִיאָם II Kings 17:21; plural הֶחֱטִיאוּ I Kings 16:13 Nehemiah 13:26; future (עתיד) יַחֲטִא Judges 20:16 II Kings 21:11; תַּחֲטִיא Deuteronomy 24:4; וַתַּחֲטִא I Kings 16:2; I Kings 21:22; plural יַחֲטִיאוּ Exodus 23:33; infinitive (מקור) הַחֲטִיא Ecclesiastes 5:5 I Kings 16:19 Jeremiah 32:35 (Qr), הַחֲ֯טִי Jeremiah 32:35 (Kt error); participle (בינוני) plural construct מַחֲטִיאֵי Isaiah 29:21;—

miss the mark: קֹלֵעַ בָּאֶבֶן אֶל־הַשַּׂעְרָה וְלֹא יַחֲטִא Judges 20:16 slinging with stones at an hair and would not miss.

induce or cause to sin: with direct object Exodus 23:33, Nehemiah 13:26; elsewhere in the phrase החטיא את ישׂראל (he) caused Israel to sin I Kings 14:16; I Kings 15:26, I Kings 15:30, I Kings 15:34; I Kings 16:2, I Kings 16:13, I Kings 16:19, I Kings 16:26; I Kings 21:22; I Kings 22:53; II Kings 3:3; II Kings 10:29, II Kings 10:31; II Kings 13:2, II Kings 13:6, II Kings 13:11; II Kings 14:24; II Kings 15:9, II Kings 15:18, II Kings 15:24, II Kings 15:28; II Kings 23:15; c. with suffix ref. to Isr. II Kings 17:21; את יהודה II Kings 21:11, II Kings 21:16 Jeremiah 32:35 (sometimes c. 2nd direct object—חטאת, or אשׁר ref. to חטאת:—I Kings 15:26, I Kings 15:34; I Kings 16:26 II Kings 17:21; II Kings 21:16; probably also I Kings 14:16; I Kings 15:30; I Kings 16:13; no 2nd direct object I Kings 16:2, I Kings 16:19; I Kings 21:22; I Kings 22:53 II Kings 21:11; II Kings 23:15 Jeremiah 32:35; the rest are ambiguous).

bring into guilt, condemnation, punishment: מחטיאי אדם Isaiah 29:21 who bring a man into condemnation; לא תחטיא את הארץ Deuteronomy 24:4 thou shalt not bring the land into guilt; אל תתן את־פיך לחטיא את־בשׂרך Ecclesiastes 5:5 do not permit thy mouth to bring thy flesh into punishment.

future (עתיד) יִתְחַטָּא Numbers 19:12 + 4 times, יִתְחַטְּאוּ Numbers 8:21, יִתְחַטָּ֑אוּ Job 41:17, תִּתְחַטְּאוּ Numbers 31:19, תִּתְחַטָּ֑אוּ Numbers 31:20;—

miss oneself, lose oneself, figuratively for be bewildered, beside oneself, מִשְּׁבָרִים יִתְחַטָּאוּ Job 41:17 by reason of consternation they are beside themselves (‖ יגורו are afraid).

purify oneself from uncleanness, only in P:

Levites Numbers 8:21.

those in contact with the dead Numbers 19:12, Numbers 19:13, Numbers 19:20; Numbers 31:19, Numbers 31:20; with בְּ, בְּמֵי נִדָּה Numbers 31:23; by a mixture of ashes of the red heifer with fresh water Numbers 19:12.

חֵטְא

noun (masc.) ^{Deuteronomy 15:9} sin (on format. see Lagarde^{BN 142})—ח׳ Leviticus 19:17 + 15 times; with suffix חֶטְאוֹ Leviticus 24:15 + 5 times, חֲטָאָו֯ Lamentations 3:39, חֶטְאָם Leviticus 20:20; plural חֲטָאִים Ecclesiastes 10:4; construct חֲטָאֵי II Kings 10:29 Ezekiel 23:49; with suffix חֲטָאַי Genesis 41:9, חֲטָאָ֑י Isaiah 38:17 Psalms 51:11, חֲטָאֵינוּ Daniel 9:16 Psalms 103:10, חֲטָאֵיכֶם Isaiah 1:18;—

sin:

against man Genesis 41:9 Ecclesiastes 10:4.

elsewhere ag. God, absolute Isaiah 31:7 Hosea 12:9; ח׳ חָטָא Lamentations 1:8 compare Deuteronomy 19:15 II Kings 10:29; ח׳ משׁפט מות sin worthy of death Deuteronomy 21:22 = ח׳ מות Deuteronomy 22:26; with בְּ, because of, Daniel 9:16; God is entreated: hide thy face from my sins Psalms 51:11; and it is said in faith, thou wilt cast behind thy back all my sins Isaiah 38:17.

guilt of sin: היה חטא ב sin (the guilt of sin) come on one Deuteronomy 15:9; Deuteronomy 23:22, Deuteronomy 23:23; Deuteronomy 24:15; בחטאו מת in his sin (guilt) die Numbers 27:3; אישׁ בחטאו each for his own sin Deuteronomy 24:16 + II Kings 14:16 + II Chronicles 25:4; בחטא יחמתני אמי Psalms 51:7 in sin (condition of sin and guilt) my mother conceived me; אם חטאיכם כשׁנים Isaiah 1:18 though your sins be like scarlet(in guilt); לא כחטאינו עשׂה לנו Psalms 103:10 not according to our sins (their guilt) hath he done to us.

punishment for sin: נשׂא ח׳ bear sin (its punishment) Leviticus 20:20; Leviticus 24:15, Numbers 9:13; Numbers 18:22; with עַל, bear sin because of Leviticus 19:17; Leviticus 22:9 Numbers 18:32; bear sins of idols (in worshipping idols) Ezekiel 23:49; the ideal servant of Yahweh bore the sins of many Isaiah 53:12; without נשׂא, only Lamentations 3:39 גבר על חטאו (wherefore doth) a man (complain) for the punishment of his sin?

חַטָּאָה

noun (fem.) sinful thing, sin, Exodus 34:7 Isaiah 5:18.

חֲטָאָה

noun (fem.) sin, sin-offering (?)—

sin, chiefly in the phrase ח׳ גְדֹלָה great sin Genesis 20:9 Exodus 32:21, Exodus 32:30, Exodus 32:31, II Kings 17:21; כְּסוּי ח׳ Psalms 32:1 he whose sin is covered is blessed; but the prayer of the wicked becomes sin when he is judged Psalms 109:7.

sin-offering (according to most) עולה וחטאה Psalms 40:7 whole burnt-offering and sin-offering (so Vrss Gesenius' Thesaurus Muhlau-Volck Siegfried-Stade al., but < whole burnt-offering with sin see Br^{MP 329}).

חַטָּאת

noun (fem.) ^{I Samuel 14:38} (Genesis 4:7 no exception for רֹבֵץ is noun = crouching beast) sin, sin-offering, ח׳ Genesis 4:7 + 124 times; לְחַטָּ֯ת Numbers 15:24 (textual error for לחטאת), לְחַטַּאת Zechariah 13:1 (but read לְחַטָּאת Stade^{journal ZAW i. 35}); construct חַטַּאת Exodus 30:10 + 19 times; with suffix חַטָּאתִי Genesis 31:36 + 16 times; חַטָּאתֹיו֯ I Kings 16:26, חַטַּאתְכֶם Exodus 32:30 + 3 times, etc., + 52 times with suffix; plural חַטָּאוֹת II Kings 12:17 + 3 times; construct חַטֹּאות Psalms 25:7 + 17 times; חַטֹּאת Numbers 5:6 + 6 times; with suffix חַטֹּאותָ֑י Psalms 25:18; חַטֹּאתָו֯ Ezekiel 18:21; Ezekiel 33:16, etc., + 40 times with suffix;—

sin:

against man Genesis 31:36; Genesis 50:17, Numbers 12:11 I Samuel 20:1; ח׳ אדם sins against man Numbers 5:6. Elsewhere

against God Leviticus 4:14, Leviticus 4:23, Leviticus 4:28, I Samuel 2:17; I Samuel 14:38 I Kings 16:13^(×2) II Kings 21:16, II Kings 21:17 II Chronicles 33:19 Isaiah 3:9; Isaiah 30:1; Isaiah 58:1; Isaiah 59:2, Isaiah 59:12 Jeremiah 5:25; Jeremiah 16:10, Jeremiah 16:18; Jeremiah 30:14, Jeremiah 30:15; Jeremiah 50:20 Lamentations 4:6, Lamentations 4:22 Ezekiel 16:51; Ezekiel 18:14; Ezekiel 21:29; Ezekiel 33:10, Ezekiel 33:16 Amos 5:12 (Wellhausen ^{Kl. Proph.} reads חטאיכם, as s 1:18—see חֵטא—on direct object of masculine עצומים), Micah 1:13; Micah 3:8 Psalms 32:5; Psalms 51:5; Psalms 59:4 Proverbs 5:22; Proverbs 13:6; Proverbs 14:34; Proverbs 21:4; Proverbs 24:9 Job 13:23^(×2) Daniel 9:20^(×2) ח׳ נעורי sins of my youth Psalms 25:7; פרי בטני ח׳ נפשׁי Micah 6:7 fruit of my body (my child as an offering) for the sin of myself; sin of divination I Samuel 15:23; of the mouth Psalms 59:13; ח׳ עמי יאכלו Hosea 4:8 the sin of my people they eat (gain their daily food by means of it, compare Wellhausen; Targum Hitzig Or al. sin-offering, but this not elsewhere in early proph., and ‖ עָוֹן against it, see Wellhausen^{Prol. 3. 76}); לפתח חטאת רבץ Genesis 4:7 at the door (of Cain) sin is a crouching beast; sin of the people is embodied in the golden calf Deuteronomy 9:21; and the high places of Beth Aven Hosea 10:8; c. בְּ on the ground of sin Nehemiah 9:37; for sin Micah 1:5 II Kings 24:3 Isaiah 40:2 Jeremiah 15:13; Jeremiah 17:3 Ezekiel 16:52; with or by sin I Kings 14:22; I Kings 16:2 Isaiah 43:24; הלך בח׳ walk in sin I Kings 15:3, I Kings 15:26, I Kings 15:34; I Kings 16:19, I Kings 16:26, I Kings 16:31 II Kings 17:22; דבק בח׳ cleave unto sin II Kings 3:3; c. עַל, on account of sin Deuteronomy 9:18 I Kings 15:30; I Kings 16:19 Micah 6:13; for sin Leviticus 4:3, Leviticus 4:28, Leviticus 4:35; Leviticus 5:6, Leviticus 5:13 Leviticus 19:22; Leviticus 26:18, Leviticus 26:24, Leviticus 26:28; יסף על ח׳ add unto sin I Samuel 12:19 II Chronicles 28:13 Isaiah 30:1 Job 34:37; c. כְּ according to sin Leviticus 26:21; c. לְ to or for sin Leviticus 16:16, Leviticus 16:21 Deuteronomy 19:15 I Kings 12:30; I Kings 13:34 Proverbs 10:16 Zechariah 13:1; c. מִן because of sin Leviticus 4:26; Leviticus 5:6, Leviticus 5:10; Leviticus 16:34, Leviticus 19:22, Lamentations 4:13; more than sin Job 35:3; טָהַרְתִּי מֵחַטָּאתִי I am clean from my sin Proverbs 20:9; מפני ח׳ because of sin Psalms 38:4; בגלל ח׳ because of sin I Kings 14:16; הלך אחר ח׳ walk after sin II Kings 13:2.

men should return from sin שׁוּב מִן I Kings 8:35 = II Chronicles 6:26, Ezekiel 18:21; Ezekiel 33:14; depart from it סוּר מֵעַל II Kings 10:31; II Kings 15:18; סוּר מן II Kings 13:6, II Kings 13:11; II Kings 14:24; II Kings 15:9, II Kings 15:24, II Kings 15:28; be concerned about דאג מן Psalms 38:19; confess הִתְוַדָּה ח׳ Numbers 5:7; התודה על ח׳ Nehemiah 1:6; Nehemiah 9:2.

God deals with sin: (1) he visits punishment upon it (על) פקד Exodus 32:34 Hosea 8:13; Hosea 9:9 Jeremiah 14:10; inquires after it דרשׁ ל Job 10:6; watches over it שׁמר על Job 14:16; hoards it up Hosea 13:12; (2) by forgiveness: נשׂא ח׳ Exodus 10:17; Exodus 32:32, I Samuel 15:25; נשׂא עון ח׳ Psalms 32:5; נשׂא לח׳ Joshua 24:19, Psalms 25:18; pardon סלח לח׳ Exodus 34:9 I Kings 8:34, I Kings 8:36 II Chronicles 6:25, II Chronicles 6:27; II Chronicles 7:14 Jeremiah 36:3; removal הסר Isaiah 27:9; העביר II Samuel 12:13; casting into the depths of the sea Micah 7:19; (3) by covering over, making atonement for חַטָּֽאתְךָ תְּכֻפָּ֑ר Isaiah 6:7 thy sin shall be covered over; actively, כפּר עַל ח׳ Psalms 79:9; כסּה ח׳ Psalms 85:3 (compare כְּסוּי חֲטָאָה Psalms 32:1); לְהָתֵם ח׳ (Qr) make an end of sins Daniel 9:24; (4) by blotting out מחה ח׳ Isaiah 44:22 Jeremiah 18:23 Psalms 109:14 Nehemiah 3:37; cleanse from sin טַהֲרֵנִי מח׳ Psalms 51:4; מקוֹר לח׳ a fountain for sin Zechariah 13:1; (5) by not remembering it לא זכר ח׳ Isaiah 43:25; לח׳ לא זכר Jeremiah 31:34; אַל־תֵּפֶן אֶל־חַטָּאתוֹ Deuteronomy 9:27 look not unto his sin.

atonement may be secured for, כפּר בעד ח׳ Exodus 32:30 (JE; Moses, by his intercession).

according to P the priest is to make atonement for a person (כפּר על) by sin-offering or trespass-offering, מח׳ because of sin Leviticus 4:26; Leviticus 5:6, Leviticus 5:10; Leviticus 16:34; על ח׳ Leviticus 4:35; Leviticus 5:13 (all P), Leviticus 19:22 (H; see Wellhausen^{Comp, 59 = JBTh xxii, 427}), so that the man is clean from sin טהר מח׳ Leviticus 16:30.

condition of sin, guilt of sin Genesis 18:20 Numbers 16:26; Numbers 32:23, Ezekiel 3:20; Ezekiel 18:24, ח׳ יְהוּדָה חֲרוּשָׁה עַל־לוּחַ לִבָּם וּלְקַרְנוֹת מִזְבְּחוֹתֵיכֶם the sin (guilt) of Judah is graven upon the table of their heart, and upon the horns of your altars Jeremiah 17:1.

punishment for sin: זֹאת תִּהְיֶה ח׳ מִצְרָ֑יִם וח׳ כָל־הַגּוֹיִם Zechariah 14:19 this will be the punishment for sin of Egypt and the punishment for sin of all nations (the plague with which Yahweh will smite them).

sin-offering: one of the kinds of offering of P, Leviticus 7:37; first in the history II Kings 12:17 (reign of Jehoash), where חטּאת of money given to priests; elsewhere only in Chr.; II Chronicles 29:21, II Chronicles 29:23, II Chronicles 29:24 Hezekiah had made a ח׳ of 7 צְפִירֵי עִזִּים at purification of temple; Ezra 8:35; Ezra 8:12 צְפִירֵי ח׳ were offered; Nehemiah 10:34 ח׳ ‖ עולות;—in these no evidence of special ritual. Sin-offering elsewhere only in codes of H Ez and P.—On Hosea 4:8 see 1 above In H, Leviticus 23:19 a שׂעיר עזים, for feast of weeks. In Ez ח׳ in generally ‖ other sacrifices, Ezekiel 40:39; Ezekiel 45:17, Ezekiel 45:25; Ezekiel 46:20; and priests eat them Ezekiel 42:13; Ezekiel 44:29. At dedication of altar, the blood of a young bullock was to be applied to horns of altar, the corners of its settle and its border, the bullock itself burnt without the sanctuary; for each of the 7 days following a שׂעיר עזים was to be offered Ezekiel 43:19, Ezekiel 43:21, Ezekiel 43:22, Ezekiel 43:25. On first day of first month a young bullock was to be offered to cleanse the sanctuary: its blood upt on the door posts of the house and of the gate of the inner court and on the four corners of the settle of the altar; also on the seventh day (Septuagint first day of seventh month) Ezekiel 45:17, Ezekiel 45:19 (compare v Ezekiel 45:18, Ezekiel 45:20). On 14th day of first month the prince was to offer a bullock for himself and the people and on each of the 7 days of the Passover week a שׂעיר עזים Ezekiel 45:22, Ezekiel 45:23. When a priest entered the sanctuary to minister after his cleansing he was to offer his sin-offering Ezekiel 44:27. P gives several grades:

a ruler should offer a he-goat Leviticus 4:24, Leviticus 4:25 Numbers 7:16, Numbers 7:22, Numbers 7:28, Numbers 7:34, Numbers 7:40, Numbers 7:46, Numbers 7:52, Numbers 7:58, Numbers 7:64, Numbers 7:70, Numbers 7:76, Numbers 7:82, Numbers 7:87; an ordinary person a she-goat Leviticus 4:29 (compare v Leviticus 4:28) Leviticus 5:6 Numbers 15:27, ewe lamb Leviticus 4:32, Leviticus 4:33^(×2), Leviticus 4:34; Leviticus 14:19 Numbers 6:14, Numbers 6:16, a turtle dove or young pigeon Leviticus 5:7, Leviticus 5:8, Leviticus 5:9^(×2); Leviticus 12:6, Leviticus 12:8; Leviticus 14:22, Leviticus 14:31; Leviticus 15:15, Leviticus 15:30 Numbers 6:11, or one-tenth of an ephah of fine flour Leviticus 5:11^(×2), Leviticus 5:12; according to ability of the person, and nature of offence. The victim was brought unto the tent of meeting, the hands of the offerer laid on its head, it was slaughtered by the offerer, the priest took some of the blood and put it on horns of altar of burnt-offering and the rest of the blood he poured out at the base of it, to cover over the sin, or cleanse the altar from the sin defiling it. All the fat pieces (compare Leviticus 4:22-35) and a handful of the flour (compare Leviticus 5:12) were burned on altar. The rest of the flesh and the flour were eaten by priests in court of Holy place Leviticus 5:13; Leviticus 6:10, Leviticus 6:18^(×2), Leviticus 6:23 (compare v Leviticus 6:11, Leviticus 6:19), Leviticus 7:7; Leviticus 10:16, Leviticus 10:17, Leviticus 10:19^(×2); Leviticus 14:13 Numbers 18:9.

a bullock was offered for priests Exodus 29:14, Exodus 29:36 Leviticus 4:3, Leviticus 4:8, Leviticus 4:20; Leviticus 8:2, Leviticus 8:14⁽×2⁾; Leviticus 9:2, Leviticus 9:7, Leviticus 9:8, Leviticus 9:10; for Levites at their installation Numbers 8:3, Numbers 8:12 and for whole congregation Leviticus 4:14, Leviticus 4:21; but usually offering for congregation was he-goat Numbers 15:24, Numbers 15:25, especially at dedication of altar Leviticus 9:3, Leviticus 9:15, Leviticus 9:22, and in ritual of feasts Numbers 28:15, Numbers 28:22, Numbers 28:30; Numbers 29:5, Numbers 29:11, Numbers 29:16, Numbers 29:19, Numbers 29:22, Numbers 29:25, Numbers 29:28, Numbers 29:31, Numbers 29:34, Numbers 29:38. Before consecr. of tabernacle the blood went to altar of burnt-offering (Leviticus 9:9), but subsequ. some of it was sprinkled seven times before the vail and some of it put on horns of altar of incense to cleanse this higher altar; the fat pieces were burned on altar of burnt-offering, and the rest of the victim burned without the camp (Leviticus 4:3-21; Leviticus 6:23; Leviticus 8:16, Leviticus 8:17; Leviticus 9:10, Leviticus 9:11).

on day of atonement, sin-offering for high priest was a bullock Leviticus 16:3, Leviticus 16:6; and for congregation two he-goats, one לַעֲזָאזֵל (see עזאזל) Leviticus 16:5 (compare v Leviticus 16:8, Leviticus 16:10, Leviticus 16:20-22), the other for sacrifice ליהוה Leviticus 16:9 (compare v Leviticus 19:8). Some of the blood of Aaron’s bullock was first taken into innermost sanctuary and sprinkled on the כפרת and seven times before it; so also blood of the he-goat Leviticus 16:11^(×2), Leviticus 16:15 (compare v Leviticus 16:12-14, Leviticus 16:16, Leviticus 16:17) to cleanse highest altar: then the blood of the two victims was applied to lower altars as in a and b and so sin was covered over at the three altars Exodus 30:10 (compare Leviticus 16:16-19). The fat pieces went to altar of burnt-offering and the rest of the victims was burnt without the camp Leviticus 16:25, Leviticus 16:27^(×2). (Sins which might be covered over were limited to those committed בשׁגגה Leviticus 4:2, Leviticus 4:22, Leviticus 4:27 Numbers 15:27, לשׁגגה Numbers 15:24, minor offences Leviticus 5:1-6; and ceremonial uncleanness Leviticus 12:6, Leviticus 12:8; Leviticus 14:13; Leviticus 15:15 Numbers 6:11, Numbers 6:14.)—Phrases for sacrificing are: עשׂה ח׳ Leviticus 9:7, Leviticus 9:22 Leviticus 14:19 Numbers 6:16 Ezekiel 45:17, הקריב ח׳ Leviticus 10:19 Ezekiel 44:27, שׁחט ח׳ Leviticus 14:13 Ezekiel 40:39.

purification from sins of ceremonial uncleanness, all P: מֵי ח׳ Numbers 8:7 water of purification from sin; מֵי נִדָּה ח׳ הוּא water of (cleansing from) impurity, it is a purification from sin Numbers 19:9; עֲפַר שְׂרֵפַת הח׳ Numbers 19:17 ashes of the burning of the purification from sin (RV renders sin-offering; but there was no offering made, only water of purification was used).

חֲטֻבוֹת

noun (fem.)plural dark-hued stuffs, only in חֲטֻבֿוֹת אֵטוּן מִצְרַיִם Proverbs 7:16 dark-hued stuffs (of) yarn of Egypt (‖ מַרְבַֿדִּים), see De Nowack; מְחֻטָּבוֹת Psalms 144:12 der. from this √ by De (q.see, and Wetzt.’s n.), but see I. חטב.

חִטָּה

wheat, see sub חנט.

חֲטִיטָא

n.pr.m. head of a Levit. family, returned exiles Ezra 2:42 Septuagint Ατητα, = Nehemiah 7:44 Septuagint Ατειτα, in both A Ατιτα, SeptuagintL Αζιζα.

חַטִּיל

n.pr.m. head of a family of ‘the children of Sol.’s servants’ Ezra 2:57 Septuagint Αττεια, A Αττιλ = Nehemiah 7:58 Septuagint Εγηλ, A Εττηλ, SeptuagintL Αττιλ in both.

חֲטִיפָא

n.pr.m. head of a family of Nethinim, post-exil., Ezra 2:54 Septuagint Ατουφα, A Ατιφα = Nehemiah 7:55 Septuagint Ατειφα; SeptuagintL both Ατουφα.

חֹ֫טֶר

noun (masc.) branch or twig, rod—metaphorically absolute ח׳ branch, twig, Isaiah 11:1 ויצא ח׳ מִגֶּזַע יִשָׁ֑י (‖ נֵצֶר); construct rod, בְּפִי־אֱוִיל חֹטֶר גַּאֲוָ֑ה Proverbs 14:3.

חַטּוּשׁ

n.pr.m.

man of Davidic line, post-exil., I Chronicles 3:22 Septuagint Χαττους SeptuagintL Ατους, Ezra 8:2 Septuagint Τους, ASeptuagintL Αττους.

a builder at the wall of Jerus. Nehemiah 3:10, Septuagint Ατουθ, SeptuagintL Αττους.

head of a priestly house, post-exil., Nehemiah 10:5 Septuagint Τους, SeptuagintL Αττους, Nehemiah 12:2 SeptuagintL Αττους (B om.); relation to 2 dubious.compare Nab. חטישו, Cooke ²⁴⁵.

חַי

see sub חיה below

חִידָה²

see sub חוד.

חָיָה

verb live (Mishnaic Hebrew Phoenician the same; Arabic حَىَّ, حَيِىَ; Sab. חיו Mordt^{ZMG 1876, 28}; Ethiopic ሐይወ Aramaic ܚܝܳܐ, חֲיָא; Palmyrene חיי life, life-time, Vog ^{32, 74})—

past (עבר) חָיָה Ecclesiastes 6:6 + 4 times; יְ֯חָיָה Jeremiah 21:9; Jeremiah 38:2; חַי Genesis 5:5 + 23 times (this and the following form are treated as ע״ע, the original weakness of the stem final י admitting of either ל״ה or ע״ע, Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 761); וְחֵי Leviticus 25:36 (Böttcher's Hebrew Grammar § 1181); 3rd feminine singular חָֽיְתָה Genesis 12:13 Jeremiah 38:17; וָחָ֑יָה Exodus 1:16 (for חַיָּה Böttcher's Hebrew Grammar § 1123 (3), Sam. חיתה); 2nd masculine singular חָיִיתָ Deuteronomy 30:16, חָיִתָה Jeremiah 38:17; 3rd masculine plural תָיוּ Numbers 14:38, וְחָיוּ consec. Numbers 4:19 + Zechariah 10:9 (where read Pi. וְתִיּוּ Stade^{journal ZAW i, 1881, 22} so Septuagint), וִחְיִיתֶם Ezekiel 37:5 + 2 times; future (עתיד) יִחְיֶה Genesis 17:18 + 27 times; יְחִי Deuteronomy 33:6 + 10 times; וִיתִי Psalms 49:10 + 2 times; וְיֶ֑חִי Isaiah 38:21, וַיְחִי Genesis 5:3 + 37 times; וַיֶּ֑חִי Deuteronomy 4:33 + 4 times; 3rd feminine singular תִּחְיַה Joshua 6:17, תְּחִי Genesis 19:20 + 5 times; 2nd masculine singular תִּחְיֶה Genesis 27:40 + 7 times; 2nd feminine singular תִּחְיִי II Kings 4:7; 1st singular אֶחְיֶה II Kings 1:2 + 8 times; 3rd masculine plural יִחְיוּ Joshua 9:21 + 8 times; 3rd feminine plural תִּחְיֶינָה Ezekiel 13:19; Ezekiel 37:3; 2nd masculine plural תִּחְיוּ Deuteronomy 4:1 + 2 times; תִּחְיוּן Deuteronomy 5:27; Deuteronomy 8:1; 1st plural נִחְיֶה II Kings 7:4 + 7 times; imperative (ציווי) וֶחְיֵה Genesis 20:7 Proverbs 4:4, וֶחְיֶ֯ה Proverbs 7:2; fs. חֲיִי Ezekiel 16:6^(×2); mpl. וִחְיוּ Genesis 42:18 + 7 times; infinitive (מקור) absolute חָיֹה II Kings 8:10 + 6 times; חָיוֹ Ezekiel 3:21 + 3 times; construct לִחְיוֹת Ezekiel 33:12, with suffix חֲיוֹתָם Joshua 5:8;—

live:

have life, Genesis 31:32, Exodus 33:20, Numbers 4:19, Deuteronomy 30:16 +; also in phrase וַיְחִי and he lived (so many years) with direct object of time, Genesis 5:3-30 (16 times) Genesis 9:28; Genesis 11:11-26 (14 times) Genesis 47:28 (all P), Genesis 50:22, II Kings 14:17 = II Chronicles 25:25 Job 42:16.

continue in life, remain alive Genesis 20:7, Leviticus 25:36 II Samuel 12:22 +; also †ח׳ נפשׁ live, of the soul or the self Genesis 12:13; Genesis 19:20, I Kings 20:32 Psalms 119:175 Jeremiah 38:2, Jeremiah 38:17, Jeremiah 38:20 Isaiah 55:3; וְחַי הַיָּ֑לֶד and the boy may live II Samuel 12:22; †ח׳ לִפְנֵי live in the presence of Genesis 17:18 Hosea 6:2; †ח׳ ב׳ live among Lamentations 4:20.

sustain life, live on or upon (על), of the animal life, by the sword Genesis 27:40, by bread Deuteronomy 8:3; elsewhere in pregnant sense of fulness of life in divine favour, sustained by (על) everything that issueth out of the mouth of י׳ Deuteronomy 8:3; his promises (?) Isaiah 38:16; of wicked man, by repentance Ezekiel 33:19; c. בְּ by the statutes and judgments of י׳ if a man do them, Leviticus 18:5 Ezekiel 20:11, Ezekiel 20:13, Ezekiel 20:21, Ezekiel 20:25 Nehemiah 9:29; צַדִּיק בֶּאֱמוּנָתוֹ יִחְיֶה a righteous man by his faithfulness shall live Habakkuk 2:4.

live(prosperously) יְחִי הַמֶּלֶך may the king live I Samuel 10:24 II Samuel 16:16^(×2) I Kings 1:25, I Kings 1:31, I Kings 1:34, I Kings 1:39 II Kings 11:12 II Chronicles 23:11; יְחִי לְבַבְכֶם Psalms 22:27; Psalms 69:33; המלך לעולם יחיה Nehemiah 2:3.

be quickened, revive:

from sickness Numbers 21:8, Numbers 21:9 Joshua 5:8 II Kings 1:2; II Kings 8:8, II Kings 8:9, II Kings 8:10, II Kings 8:14; II Kings 20:1, II Kings 20:7 = Isaiah 38:1, Isaiah 38:9, Isaiah 38:21.

from discouragement of the spirit Genesis 45:27.

from faintness Judges 15:19.

from death II Kings 13:21 Job 14:14 Isaiah 26:14, Isaiah 26:19; by return of נפשׁ I Kings 17:22, of רוּחַ Ezekiel 37:3, Ezekiel 37:5, Ezekiel 37:6, Ezekiel 37:9, Ezekiel 37:10, Ezekiel 37:14 (and so Judges 15:19 c).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular חִיָּה Psalms 22:30; 3rd feminine singular with suffix חִיָּ֑תְנִי Psalms 119:50; 2nd masculine singular with suffix חִיִּיתַנִי Psalms 30:4; חִיִּיתָ֑נִי Psalms 119:93; 3rd plural חִיּוּ Judges 21:14, הַחִיִּיתֶם Numbers 31:15; future (עתיד) יְחַיֶּה I Samuel 27:9 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) with suffix חַיֵּנִי Psalms 119:25 + 8 times, חַיֵּיהוּ Habakkuk 3:2; infinitive (מקור) construct חַיּוֹת Genesis 7:3 Ezekiel 13:19; with suffix חַיֹּתֵנוּ Deuteronomy 6:24 +, etc.; participle (בינוני) מְחַיֶּה Nehemiah 9:6 I Samuel 2:6;—

preserve alive, let live Exodus 1:17, Exodus 1:18, Exodus 1:22; Exodus 22:17 Joshua 9:15, Genesis 12:12, Numbers 31:15, Deuteronomy 6:24; Deuteronomy 20:16 Judges 21:14 I Samuel 27:9, I Samuel 27:11 I Kings 18:5 II Kings 7:4 Jeremiah 49:11 Ezekiel 3:18 Habakkuk 3:2 Job 36:6 Psalms 30:4; Psalms 33:19; Psalms 41:3; Psalms 138:7; ח׳ נפשׁ preserve oneself alive Psalms 22:30 Ezekiel 18:27, or preserve persons alive Exodus 13:18, Exodus 13:19, or preserve life I Kings 20:31; ח׳ זרע preserve seed alive Genesis 7:3; Genesis 19:32, Genesis 19:34; keep in existence heaven and earth Nehemiah 9:6; nourish, young cow Isaiah 7:21, lamb II Samuel 12:3.

give life, to man when created Job 33:4.

quicken, revive, refresh:

restore to life, the dead I Samuel 2:6 Deuteronomy 32:39 Hosea 6:2; the dying Psalms 71:20.

cause to grow, grain Hosea 14:8.

restore, a ruined city I Chronicles 11:8, stones destroyed by fire Nehemiah 3:34.

revive, the people of י׳ by י׳ himself with fulness of life in his favour Psalms 80:19; Psalms 85:7; Psalms 119:25, Psalms 119:37, Psalms 119:40, Psalms 119:50, Psalms 119:88, Psalms 119:93, Psalms 119:107, Psalms 119:149, Psalms 119:154, Psalms 119:156, Psalms 119:159; Psalms 143:11 Ecclesiastes 7:12.

past (עבר) הֶחֱיָה Joshua 6:25 + 5 times; 2nd masculine singular with suffix הֶחֱיִתָנוּ Genesis 47:25; 1st singular הֶחֱיֵיתִי Numbers 22:33, הַחֲיִתֶם Joshua 2:13 Judges 8:19; imperative (ציווי) with suffix הַחֲיֵינִי Isaiah 38:16; הַחֲיוּ Numbers 31:18; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַחֲיֵה Joshua 9:20; construct הַחֲיוֹת Genesis 6:20 + 6 times; הַחֲיֹת Genesis 6:19; Genesis 50:20; with suffix הַחֲיֹתוֹ Ezekiel 13:22;—

preserve alive, let live Genesis 45:7; Genesis 50:20 Genesis 47:25 Numbers 22:33 Joshua 2:13; Joshua 6:25 (all J), Joshua 14:10; Genesis 6:19, Genesis 6:20 Numbers 31:18 Joshua 9:20, Judges 8:19 II Samuel 8:2 Ezekiel 13:22; with נפשׁ Genesis 19:19.

quicken, revive:

restore to health, a leper II Kings 5:7, Hezekiah Isaiah 38:16.

revive the לֵב and רוּחַ Isaiah 57:15^(×2).

restore to life, the dead II Kings 8:1, II Kings 8:5^(×3).

חַי²

adjective alive, living;—ח׳ Genesis 25:6 +; חָ֑י Genesis 3:20 +, חֵי Amos 8:14 + 15 times (Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 329 explains as construct, but Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 93, R 7 n. al. as contracted absolute); f. חַיָּה Genesis 1:20 +; plural חַיִּים Psalms 116:9 +;—

of God, as the living one, the fountain of life אֵל חַי Joshua 3:10, Hosea 2:1 Psalms 42:3; Psalms 84:3; אלהים חי II Kings 19:4, II Kings 19:16 = Isaiah 37:4, Isaiah 37:17; אלהים חיים Deuteronomy 5:20 I Samuel 17:26, I Samuel 17:36 Jeremiah 10:10; Jeremiah 23:36; חי יהוה Yahweh is living Psalms 18:47 = II Samuel 22:47; גאלי חי my avenger is living Job 19:25; the formula of the oath is חַי י׳ Judges 8:19 Ruth 3:13 I Samuel 14:39, I Samuel 14:45; I Samuel 19:6; I Samuel 20:3, I Samuel 20:21; I Samuel 25:34; I Samuel 26:10, I Samuel 26:16; I Samuel 28:10; I Samuel 29:6 II Samuel 4:9; II Samuel 12:5; II Samuel 14:11; II Samuel 15:21 I Kings 1:29; I Kings 2:24; I Kings 17:1, I Kings 17:12; I Kings 18:10; I Kings 22:14 = II Chronicles 18:13, II Kings 5:16, II Kings 5:20 Hosea 4:15 Jeremiah 4:2; Jeremiah 5:2; Jeremiah 12:16; Jeremiah 16:14, Jeremiah 16:15; Jeremiah 23:7, Jeremiah 23:8; Jeremiah 38:16; חי אל Job 27:2; חי האלהים II Samuel 2:27; חי אדני י׳ Jeremiah 44:26; חי י׳ צבאות I Kings 18:15 II Kings 3:14; as used by God Himself it is חי אנכי Deuteronomy 32:40, elsewhere חי אני Numbers 14:21, Numbers 14:28 Isaiah 49:18; Jeremiah 22:24; Jeremiah 46:18 Ezekiel 5:11; Ezekiel 14:16, Ezekiel 14:18, Ezekiel 14:20; Ezekiel 16:48; Ezekiel 17:16, Ezekiel 17:19; Ezekiel 18:3; Ezekiel 20:3, Ezekiel 20:31, Ezekiel 20:33; Ezekiel 33:11, Ezekiel 33:27; Ezekiel 34:8; Ezekiel 35:6, Ezekiel 35:11 Zephaniah 2:9, compare also חֵי דרך באר שׁבע, חֵי אלהיך דן Amos 8:14; with the exception of בְּחֵי הָעֹולָם by him who liveth for ever Daniel 12:7, חֵי is always (as an artificial distinction of scribes) used of non-sacred oaths, see b.

of man; אָדָם חַי a living man Lamentations 3:39, in antith. מֵת: חי חי Isaiah 38:19; הַחַי collective Ecclesiastes 7:2; Absalom II Samuel 19:7; Naboth I Kings 21:15; a son or lad II Samuel 12:21 I Kings 3:22^(×2), I Kings 3:23^(×2), I Kings 3:25, I Kings 3:26^(×2), I Kings 3:27; I Kings 17:23; usually plural חיים alive, living Numbers 16:30, Numbers 16:33, Numbers 17:13, Deuteronomy 4:4; Deuteronomy 5:3 Isaiah 8:19 Psalms 55:16; Psalms 124:3 Proverbs 1:12 Ecclesiastes 4:2^(×2), Ecclesiastes 4:15; Ecclesiastes 6:8; Ecclesiastes 9:4, Ecclesiastes 9:5 Ruth 2:20; taking prisoners alive Joshua 8:23 I Samuel 15:8 I Kings 20:18^(×2) II Kings 7:12; II Kings 10:14^(×2) II Chronicles 25:12; living (prosperously) I Samuel 25:6 (Wellhausen reads לָחִי = לְאָחִי (see Klostermann Driver) to my brother, after Vulgate fratribus meis); elsewhere in phrase כל־הימים אשׁר הֵם (אַתֶּם) היים על (פני) האדמה all the days that they (ye) live upon (the face of) the land Deuteronomy 4:10; Deuteronomy 12:1; Deuteronomy 31:13 I Kings 8:40 = II Chronicles 6:31. Note phrases: עוֹד חַי (ים) yet alive Genesis 25:6; Genesis 43:7, Genesis 43:27, Genesis 43:28; Genesis 45:28; Genesis 46:30, Genesis 45:3, Genesis 45:26 Exodus 4:18, Deuteronomy 31:27 I Samuel 20:14 II Samuel 12:22; II Samuel 18:14 I Kings 20:32; בהיות חי II Samuel 12:18 I Kings 12:6 II Chronicles 10:6; אֶרֶץ (הַ)חַיִים land of the living Isaiah 38:11; Isaiah 53:8 Jeremiah 11:19 Ezekiel 26:20; Ezekiel 32:23, Ezekiel 32:24, Ezekiel 32:25, Ezekiel 32:26, Ezekiel 32:27, Ezekiel 32:32 Psalms 27:13; Psalms 52:7; Psalms 142:6 Job 28:13; ארצות הח׳ Psalms 116:9; ספר ח׳ Psalms 69:29; צרור הח׳ bundle of the living I Samuel 25:29; אור הח׳ light of the living Job 33:30 Psalms 56:14. In the oath by life of men חי is pointed always חֵי: חֵי אדני המלך as my lord the king liveth II Samuel 15:21; חֵי פרעה Genesis 42:15, Genesis 42:16; חֵי נַפְשְׁךָ I Samuel 1:26; I Samuel 17:55 II Samuel 14:19; חַי י׳ וְחֵי נַפְשְׁךָ as Yahweh liveth and as thy soul (or thyself) liveth I Samuel 20:3; I Samuel 25:26 II Kings 2:2, II Kings 2:4, II Kings 2:6; II Kings 4:30 חַיֶּךָ וְחֵי נ׳ II Samuel 11:11 (but on text see Wellhausen Driver).

of animals, alive, living: ox Exodus 21:35; Exodus 22:3; goat Leviticus 16:10, Leviticus 16:20, Leviticus 16:21; bird Leviticus 14:4, Leviticus 14:6^(×2), Leviticus 14:7, Leviticus 14:51, Leviticus 14:53; dog, לְכֶלֶב חַי הוּא טוֹב מִן־הָאַרְיֵה הַמֵּת Ecclesiastes 9:4 (comp. Arabic prov. Kalb ḥay wa-lâ maiyit, a living dog and no dead lion Wetzstein ^{Verhand. Berl. Anthrop. Gesenius 1878, 388}); reptiles Genesis 1:28; animals in general Genesis 9:3; בשׂר חי living, raw flesh Leviticus 13:10, Leviticus 13:14, Leviticus 13:15^(×2), Leviticus 13:16 I Samuel 2:15.

animals and man, phrases for either or both: כל חי Genesis 3:20; Genesis 8:21 Job 12:10; Job 28:21; Job 30:23 Psalms 143:2; Psalms 145:16; כל החי Genesis 6:19; נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה Genesis 1:20, Genesis 1:24, Genesis 1:30 Genesis 2:7, Genesis 2:19; כל נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה Genesis 9:12, Genesis 9:15, Genesis 9:16 Ezekiel 47:9; כל נפשׁ החיה Genesis 1:21; Genesis 9:10 Leviticus 11:10, Leviticus 11:46.

(doubtful) of vegetation, as thorns, green, Psalms 58:10 (Gesenius Ewald Olshausen Pe, but De Ri Cheyne Bae raw flesh, see c above ad fin.)

of water, flowing, fresh מים חיים Genesis 26:19, Leviticus 14:5, Leviticus 14:6, Leviticus 14:50, Leviticus 14:51, Leviticus 14:52; Leviticus 15:13 Numbers 19:17, Jeremiah 2:13; Jeremiah 17:13 Zechariah 14:8 Song of Songs 4:15.

(doubtful) lively, active: אישׁ חַי an active man II Samuel 23:20 (but Qr אישׁ חַיִל is to be preferred); איבי חיים mine enemies are lively Psalms 38:20 (RV, but Houb Olshausen Ewald Hu. Cheyne al. read חִנָּם, ‖ שׁקר).

reviving: כָּעֵת חַיָּה at the time (when it is) reviving, the spring Genesis 18:10, Genesis 18:14, II Kings 4:16, II Kings 4:17.

חַי³

n.[m.] kinsfolk (Arabic حَىٌّ a group of families united by vital ties Robertson Smith^{K 36–40} Driver^{Smend 119}), plural with suffix חַיַּי I Samuel 18:18, incorrectly pointed with the interpretation my life RV, but read חַיִּי my kinsfolk, Wellhausen Ki Driver Robertson Smith Siegfried-Stade RVm VB. It is explained by the gloss משׁפחת אבי Wellhausen (Klostermann reads אַחַי וּ).

חַיָּה

noun (fem.) living thing, animal (Zinj. wild beast DHM^{Sendsch. 34})—ח׳ Genesis 8:17 +; construct חַיַּת Isaiah 57:10 +; old case ending (poetic) חַיְתוֹ Genesis 1:24 Psalms 50:10; Psalms 79:2; Psalms 104:11, Psalms 104:20 Isaiah 56:9^(×2) Zephaniah 2:14; with suffix חַיָּתִי Psalms 143:3, etc.; plural חַיּוֹת Leviticus 14:4 + 12 times—

animal, as a living, active being:

in general, Genesis 8:17 Leviticus 11:2, Leviticus 11:27, Leviticus 11:47^(×2) Numbers 35:3 Psalms 104:25 Isaiah 46:1 Daniel 8:4.

wild animals, on account of their vital energy and activity Genesis 7:14, Genesis 7:21; Genesis 8:1, Genesis 8:19; Genesis 9:5 Leviticus 17:13; Leviticus 25:7 Job 37:8 Psalms 148:10 Isaiah 40:16 Ezekiel 14:15; Ezekiel 33:27 Zephaniah 2:14, Zephaniah 2:15; ח׳ קנה Psalms 68:31 wild animal of the reeds; ח׳ רעה evil beast Genesis 37:20, Genesis 37:33 Leviticus 26:6 Ezekiel 5:17; Ezekiel 14:15, Ezekiel 14:21; Ezekiel 34:25; ח׳ טמאה Leviticus 5:2 unclean beast; ח׳ הארץ Genesis 1:25, Genesis 1:30; Genesis 9:2, Genesis 9:10^(×2) I Samuel 17:46 Ezekiel 29:5; Ezekiel 32:4; Ezekiel 34:28 Job 5:22; חיתו ארץ Genesis 1:24 Psalms 79:2; ח׳ השׂדה Exodus 23:11, Exodus 23:29 (covt. code) Leviticus 26:22 Deuteronomy 7:22 II Samuel 21:10, II Kings 14:9 = II Chronicles 25:18, Hosea 2:14, Hosea 2:20; Hosea 4:3; Hosea 13:8 Isaiah 43:20 Jeremiah 27:6; Jeremiah 28:14 Ezekiel 38:20; Ezekiel 39:4 Job 5:23; Job 39:15; כל ח׳ השׂדה Genesis 2:19, Genesis 2:20; Genesis 3:1, Genesis 3:14 Job 40:20 Jeremiah 12:9 Ezekiel 31:6, Ezekiel 31:13; Ezekiel 34:5, Ezekiel 34:8; Ezekiel 39:17; חיתו שׂדי Isaiah 56:9 Psalms 104:11; חיתו (ב)יער Isaiah 56:9 Psalms 50:10; Psalms 104:20; פְּרִיץ חיות Isaiah 35:9 destroyer among beasts.

living beings, of the cherubic chariot Ezekiel 1:5, Ezekiel 1:13^(×2), Ezekiel 1:14, Ezekiel 1:15^(×2), Ezekiel 1:19^(×2), Ezekiel 1:20, Ezekiel 1:21, Ezekiel 1:22; Ezekiel 3:13; Ezekiel 10:15, Ezekiel 10:17, Ezekiel 10:20.

life, only in late poetry, Psalms 143:3 Job 33:18, Job 33:20, Job 33:22, Job 33:28; Job 36:14 Ezekiel 7:13^(×2), and (doubtful) Psalms 74:19; Psalms 78:50.

appetite, activity of hunger: חית כפרים appetite of young lions Job 38:39.

revival, renewal: חַיַּת יָדֵךְ מָצָאתְ thou didst find renewal of thy strength (re-invigoration) Isaiah 57:10; see חָיָה 2.

חַיָּה²

noun (fem.) (si vera l.) community (= feminine of ii. חַי according to Noldeke^{ZMG, 1886, 176})—וְחַיַּת פְּלִשְׁתִּים חֹנָה and a community of Philistines (that is a group of allied families, making a raid together) was encamping II Samuel 23:13 (= מַחֲנֵה I Chronicles 11:15); perhaps also Psalms 68:11 (compare below)

—Several other passages are doubtful: וַיֵּאָסְפוּ פְלִשְׁתִּים לַחַיָּה II Samuel 23:11 assembled into a troop, or by bands (RV, but neither rend. justif.: Böttcher Ewald Wellhausen Klostermann Driver rightly read לֶ֫חְיָה to Leḥi, compare Judges 15:9; wd. om. by accident in ‖ I Chronicles 11:13 Driver); חַיָּֽתְךָ יָֽשְׁבוּ־בָהּ Psalms 68:11 thy troop dwelt in it (Gesenius' Thesaurus Siegfried-Stade RVm Hitzig Ri Cheyne, but Septuagint Peshitta Jer Pe thy (living) creatures, of the people; Hup the same, ref. to quails; improb.); אַל־תִּתֵּן לְחַיַּת נֶפֶשׁ תּוֹרֶךָ חַיַּת עֲנִיֶּיךָ אַל־תִּשְׁכַּח לָנֶ֫צַח Psalms 74:19 give not the soul of thy turtle-dove to the wild beasts, the life of thine afflicted do not forget for ever: RV Hitzig Pe Bae Sch render thus, giving חית diff. meanings in the two clauses, the former being archaic feminine absolute Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 80, 2. R. 2; text doubtless corrupt, read poss. למות Schr Ri, for לחית, or לשׁחת Kroch; Gratz either of these; Cheyne either, or better לחרב.

חָיֶה

adjective having the vigour of life, lively (on format. see Lagarde^{BN 49})—fpl. חָיוֹת Exodus 1:19, of Hebrew women in childbirth, bearing quickly, easily.

חַיּוּת

noun (fem.) abstr. אַלְמְנוּת חַיּוּת II Samuel 20:3, literally ‘widowhood of livingness,’ Driver; Wellhausen reads אַלְמָנוֹת חַיּוֹת living widows (‘grass-widows,’ who were separated from their husbands), after Septuagint χῆραι ζῶσαι, so Siegfried-Stade.

חִיאֵל²

n.pr.m. (Ēl lives (or abbrev. for יחיאל); Sab. חיאל, name of coin, after n.pr. of king DHM^{ZMG 1875, 613, 1883, 15}; cp. also following, and Phoenician מריחי, כמשיחי)—name of the rebuilder of Jericho I Kings 16:34; Septuagint Αχ(ε)ιηλ, om. SeptuagintL.

חַיִל

see sub I. II. חול above

חִיצוֹן²

see sub I. II. חוץ.

חֵיק²

see sub חוק.

חִירָה

see sub I. חור.

חִירָם²

see sub אח, אחה above p. 27b.

חֵךְ

see sub I. חנך.

חָכָה

verb wait, await—

participle (בינוני) plural construct חוֹכֵי Isaiah 30:18, with לְ waiting for him (י׳).

חִכָּה Job 32:4; חִכְּתָה Psalms 33:20; חִכִּיתִי Isaiah 8:17; חִכּוּ Psalms 106:13; חִכִּינוּ II Kings 7:9; future (עתיד) יְחַכֶּה Isaiah 30:18; תְּחַכֶּה II Kings 9:3; imperative (ציווי) חַכֵּה־ Habakkuk 2:3; חַכּוּ Zephaniah 3:8; infinitive (מקור) construct כְּחַכֵּי Hosea 6:9 (Ephraimit. for חַכֵּה?); participle (בינוני) מְחַכֶּה Daniel 12:12; construct מְחַכֵּה Isaiah 64:3; plural מְחַכִּים Job 3:21;—

wait, tarry, absolute II Kings 9:3 tarry not; with עַד till morning light II Kings 7:9; with a direct object את איוב בדברים Job 32:4 tarry for Job with words.

wait (in ambush), כְּחַכֵּי אִישׁ גְּדוּדִים Hosea 6:9 as marauding bands wait for a man AV RV De, or as marauders lie in wait Hitzig Ewald (taking אישׁ as construct)

wait for, await, with לְ. for י׳ Isaiah 8:17; Isaiah 64:3 Zephaniah 3:8 Psalms 33:20; for his counsel Psalms 106:13; for his vision Habakkuk 2:3; for death Job 3:21; יחכה יהוה לחננכם Yahweh waiteth to be gracious unto you Isaiah 30:18 (Dillmann regards this as threatening and refers it to 1); absolute waiteth (and cometh to the days of blessedness) Daniel 12:12.

חַכָּה

see sub חנך.

חַכְלִילִי

adjective (dark) dull, from wine, ח׳ עינים מִיָּ֑יִן Genesis 49:12.

חֲכַלְיָה

n.pr.m. (meaning doubtful; perhaps חַכֵּה לְיָהּ wait for Yahweh, √ חכה, so Wellhausen?)—father of Nehemiah Nehemiah 1:1, Septuagint Χελκ(ε)ια, SeptuagintL Χελκιασ(ου), א A Αχαλια; Nehemiah 10:2 Septuagint Αχελια, A SeptuagintL Αχαλια.

חָכַם

verb be wise (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic ܚܟܰܡ, חֲכַם the same; Zinj. חכמה wisdom, DHM^{Sendsch. 57}; Assyrian ḫakâmu, know (with exceptional חֿ see Delitzsch^{Pr 178 f.}); Arabic حَكَمَ restrain from acting in an evil manner, judge, govern; iv. make firm, sound, free from defect by the exercise of skill)—

past (עבר) ח׳ Proverbs 23:15; 3rd feminine singular חָֽכְמָה Zechariah 9:2; הָכַמְתָּ Proverbs 9:12^(×2), etc. + 3 times past (עבר); future (עתיד) יֶחְכַּם Proverbs 9:9; Proverbs 21:11; וַיֶּחְכַּם I Kings 5:11; יֶחְכָּ֑ם Proverbs 20:1 +; וֶ֯חְכָּ֑ם Proverbs 13:20; תֶּחְכַּם Proverbs 19:20; אֶחְכָּ֑מָה Ecclesiastes 7:23; plural יֶחְכָּ֑מוּ Job 32:9; imperative (ציווי) חֲכַם Proverbs 27:11; חֲכָ֑ם Proverbs 6:6; Proverbs 23:19 + Proverbs 13:20 Kt; חֲכָ֑מוּ Proverbs 8:33;—be or become wise, act wisely Deuteronomy 32:29 (poet.) I Kings 5:11 Job 32:9 Proverbs 6:6; Proverbs 8:33; Proverbs 9:9, Proverbs 9:12^(×2); Proverbs 13:20; Proverbs 19:20; Proverbs 20:1; Proverbs 21:11; Proverbs 23:19; Proverbs 27:11 Ecclesiastes 2:15; Ecclesiastes 7:23 Zechariah 9:2; אם חכם לבך if thy mind be wise Proverbs 23:15; with a direct object שׁחכמתי Ecclesiastes 2:19 wherein I have acted wisely.

future (עתיד) יְחַכֵּם Psalms 105:22; with suffix יְחַכְּמֵנוּ Job 35:11; תְּחַכְּמֵנִי Psalms 119:98; all make wise, teach wisdom, with a direct object

participle (בינוני) made wise, intensive, as it were the embodiment of wisdom חוֹבֵר חֲבָרִים מְחֻכָּם Psalms 58:6, plural הֵמָּה חֲכָמִים מְחֻכָּמִים Proverbs 30:24 (of intelligent animals).

participle (בינוני) construct מַחְכִּימַת פֶּ֑תִי Psalms 19:8 making wise the simple.

future (עתיד) נִתְחַכְּמָה לוֹ Exodus 1:10 let us deal wisely (shrewdly) toward it (the people); 2nd masculine singular תִּתְחַכַּם Ecclesiastes 7:16 make or shew thyself wise.

חָכָם

adjective wise, ח׳ Deuteronomy 4:6 + 67 times; construct חֲכַם Isaiah 3:3 + 9 times; plural חֲכָמִים Deuteronomy 1:13 + 39 times; construct חַכְמֵי Exodus 28:3 + 4 times; with suffix חֲכָמֶיךָ Isaiah 19:12 etc. + 8 times; f. חֲכָמָה II Samuel 14:2; II Samuel 20:16; construct חַכְמַת Exodus 35:25; plural חֲכָמוֹת Jeremiah 9:16; construct חַכְמוֹת Judges 5:29 Proverbs 14:1 (but read חָכְמוֹת De);—

skilful in technical work; artificers Isaiah 3:3; sailors Ezekiel 27:8, so (probably) v Ezekiel 27:9; mourning women Jeremiah 9:16; artisans of tabern. and temple and their furniture Exodus 28:3; Exodus 31:6; Exodus 35:10; Exodus 36:1, Exodus 36:2, Exodus 36:4, Exodus 36:8, I Chronicles 22:15 II Chronicles 2:6, II Chronicles 2:12, II Chronicles 2:13^(×2); women in spinning Exodus 35:25; goldsmiths and other artisans Jeremiah 10:9; makers of idol-images Isaiah 40:20.

wise in the administration of affairs: Joseph in Egypt Genesis 41:33, Genesis 41:39; heads of tribes Deuteronomy 1:13, Deuteronomy 1:15, judges Deuteronomy 16:19; of David II Samuel 14:20, of Solomon I Kings 2:9; I Kings 3:12; I Kings 5:21 = II Chronicles 2:11; the prince of Tyre, in satire Ezekiel 28:3; of kings in general Proverbs 20:26; class of political advisers of Judah Isaiah 29:14 Jeremiah 18:18, appar. also Isaiah 5:21; of Egypt Isaiah 19:11^(×2), Isaiah 19:12, Edom Obadiah 1:8, the nations Jeremiah 10:7; so of God Isaiah 31:2.

shrewd, crafty, cunning: Jonadab II Samuel 13:3; the princesses Judges 5:29; אשׁה חכמה wise woman II Samuel 14:2; II Samuel 20:16; generally, Jeremiah 9:22; intelligent animals Proverbs 30:24; לכד ח׳ בערמם taking the cunning in their craft Job 5:13; חכם בעיני wise in one’s own eyes Proverbs 3:7; Proverbs 26:5, Proverbs 26:12, Proverbs 26:16; Proverbs 28:11; חכמי לב wise of mind (in their own mind) Job 37:24.

plural class of learned and shrewd men, incl. astrologers, magicians and the like, of Egypt Genesis 41:8, Exodus 7:11 (P; compare Isaiah 19:11^(×2), Isaiah 19:12); Babylon Isaiah 44:25 Jeremiah 50:35; Jeremiah 51:57; Persia Esther 1:13; Esther 6:13.

prudent, towards king Proverbs 16:14; in controversies Proverbs 11:29; Proverbs 29:8, Proverbs 29:9, Proverbs 29:11; religious affairs Hosea 13:13; Hosea 14:10 Jeremiah 4:22; Jeremiah 8:8, Jeremiah 8:9 Deuteronomy 4:6; Deuteronomy 32:6 Psalms 107:43; אישׁ ח׳ Jeremiah 9:11.

wise, ethically and religiously, in WisdLt:

as adjective, חֲכַם לֵב wise of mind Pr Proverbs 10:8; Proverbs 16:21; לֵב חָכָם Ecclesiastes 8:5; of the son Proverbs 10:1 = Proverbs 15:20, Proverbs 13:1; Proverbs 23:24; Ecclesiastes 2:19; ילד ח׳ Ecclesiastes 4:13 wise boy; גבר ח׳ Job 34:34 wise man; מוכיח ח׳ wise reprover Proverbs 25:12.

= noun: (1) as a wise learner in school of wisdom, he fears God and departs from evil Proverbs 14:16; is silent Proverbs 17:28; hearkens to counsel Proverbs 12:15; hears and increases in learning Proverbs 1:5; his ear seeketh knowledge Proverbs 18:15; he receives it Proverbs 21:11; and stores it up Proverbs 10:14; his ears hearken to the reproof which giveth life Proverbs 15:31; and he becomes wiser through it Proverbs 9:8, Proverbs 9:9. (2) as a wise teacher, a sage, he does not answer with windy knowledge Job 15:2; he tells the experience of the past Job 15:18; has knowledge Job 34:2; teaches it Ecclesiastes 12:9; disperses it Proverbs 15:7; his tongue is health Proverbs 12:18; it utters knowledge aright Proverbs 15:2; his mind instructs his mouth and adds learning to his lips Proverbs 16:23; his words are gracious Ecclesiastes 10:12; it is good to hear his rebuke Ecclesiastes 7:5; his instruction is a fountain of life Proverbs 13:14; one walking with him becomes wiser Proverbs 13:20. The חכמים recall the Gk. σόφοι, having their schools, pupils (בֵן), discipline (מוּסָר), principles and collections of wisdom, דברי חכמים Proverbs 1:6; Proverbs 22:17 (compare Proverbs 24:23), Ecclesiastes 9:17; Ecclesiastes 12:11; God himself is חכם לבב Job 9:4. (3) the wise are prosperous: true, in sceptical view of Ec., they have no advantage over the fool Ecclesiastes 6:8; but die as the fool Ecclesiastes 2:16^(×2) Psalms 49:11; they will not be able to find the works of God Ecclesiastes 8:17; like others are in the hands of God Ecclesiastes 9:1; they do not secure bread Ecclesiastes 9:11; but elsewhere reverse is true: precious treasure is in his dwelling Proverbs 21:20; his lips preserve him Proverbs 14:3; they inherit glory Proverbs 3:35; wealth is their crown Proverbs 14:24; the wise man is strong Proverbs 24:5 Ecclesiastes 7:19; his eyes are in his head Ecclesiastes 2:14; his mind is at his right hand Ecclesiastes 10:2; he interprets things Ecclesiastes 8:1. (4) the wise man is a blessing to others: he wins men Proverbs 11:30; scales the city of the mighty Proverbs 21:22; though poor he delivers the city Ecclesiastes 9:15; is a reproof to scorners Proverbs 15:12; his mind is in the house of mourning Ecclesiastes 7:4; injustice makes him foolish Ecclesiastes 7:7; Job finds no wise men among his cruel friends Job 17:10.

חָכְמָה

noun (fem.) wisdom, ח׳ Exodus 28:3 + 106 times; construct חָכְמַת Exodus 35:35 + 15 times; with suffix חָכְמָתִי Ecclesiastes 2:9, etc. + 25 times with suffix; plural abst. חָכְמוֹת Psalms 49:4 Proverbs 1:20; Proverbs 9:1; Proverbs 24:7 (GK^{§ 861}); חַכְמוֹת Proverbs 14:1 (incorrectly pointed as adjective construct f.; read חָכְמוֹת De);—

skill in war Isaiah 10:13; in technical work Exodus 28:3; Exodus 31:3, Exodus 31:6; Exodus 35:26, Exodus 35:31, Exodus 35:35; Exodus 36:1, Exodus 36:2, compare I Kings 7:14, I Chronicles 28:21; of sailors Psalms 107:27.

wisdom, in administration Deuteronomy 34:9 Isaiah 29:14 Jeremiah 49:7^(×2) II Samuel 14:20; of prince of Tyre Ezekiel 28:4, Ezekiel 28:5, Ezekiel 28:7, Ezekiel 28:12, Ezekiel 28:17; Sol.’s wisdom included this with other forms of cleverness and shrewdness I Kings 2:6; I Kings 3:28; I Kings 5:9, I Kings 5:10, I Kings 5:14^(×2), I Kings 5:26; I Kings 10:4, I Kings 10:6, I Kings 10:7, I Kings 10:8, I Kings 10:23, I Kings 10:24 = II Chronicles 9:3, II Chronicles 9:5, II Chronicles 9:6, II Chronicles 9:7, II Chronicles 9:22, II Chronicles 9:23, I Kings 11:41 II Chronicles 1:10, II Chronicles 1:11, II Chronicles 1:12; the Messiah is to have רוּחַ חָכְמָה וּבִינָה Isaiah 11:2.

shrewdness, wisdom, II Samuel 20:22 I Kings 5:10^(×2) Jeremiah 9:22; withheld by God from the ostrich Job 39:17; of magicians and prophets Isaiah 47:10 Daniel 1:4, Daniel 1:17, Daniel 1:20.

wisdom, prudence in religious affairs Deuteronomy 4:6 Psalms 37:30; Psalms 51:8; Psalms 90:12 Proverbs 10:31 Isaiah 33:6 Jeremiah 8:9.

wisdom, ethical and religious:

of God, as a divine attribute or energy; his wisdom is in the skies Job 38:36; by it he numbers the clouds Job 38:37; founded the earth Proverbs 3:19; and made all things Jeremiah 10:12 = Jeremiah 51:15, Psalms 104:24; it is with him Job 12:13; not to be found by the most persevering human search Job 28:12, Job 28:20; he alone knows it Job 28:23; gives it Proverbs 2:6; and shews its secrets Job 11:6.

the divine wisdom is personified: she was begotten before all things to be the architect and counsellor of God in the creation (Proverbs 8:22-31); she builds a palace and spreads a feast for those who will receive her instruction Proverbs 9:1 (compare vProverbs 9:2-5); she teaches in public places Proverbs 1:20; Proverbs 8:1, Proverbs 8:5, Proverbs 8:11, Proverbs 8:12 (see context); gives her pupils the divine spirit Proverbs 1:23; by her discipline simple become wise, rulers rule wisely, and those seeking her are richly rewarded Proverbs 8:14 (compare vProverbs 8:1-21).

of man: to get wisdom is principal thing Proverbs 4:7^(×2); its fundamental principle is to fear God Psalms 111:10 Proverbs 15:33 Job 28:28 (‖ סוּר מֵרַע בִּינָה); and know י׳, the All Holy Proverbs 9:10; Proverbs 30:3; it is of inestimable worth Job 28:18 Proverbs 8:11; Proverbs 16:16; Proverbs 17:16; Proverbs 23:23; Proverbs 24:7; beyond the reach of scorners Proverbs 14:6; God giveth it to the good Ecclesiastes 2:26; men are to incline the ear Proverbs 2:2; attend unto wisdom Proverbs 5:1; seek Ecclesiastes 7:25; know Proverbs 24:14 Ecclesiastes 1:17; Ecclesiastes 8:16; behold Ecclesiastes 2:12; Ecclesiastes 9:13; get her Proverbs 4:5, Proverbs 4:7; treat her as sister Proverbs 7:4; happy the man who finds her Proverbs 3:13; he who has wisdom is אִישׁ תְּבוּנָה Proverbs 10:23; נָבוֹן Proverbs 10:13; Proverbs 14:33; מֵבִין Proverbs 17:24; compare also Psalms 49:4 Job 4:21; Job 12:2, Job 12:12; Job 13:5; Job 15:8; Job 26:3; Job 32:7, Job 32:13; Job 33:33 Proverbs 1:2, Proverbs 1:7; Proverbs 2:10; Proverbs 4:11; Proverbs 11:2; Proverbs 13:10; Proverbs 14:1, Proverbs 14:8; Proverbs 18:4; Proverbs 21:30; Proverbs 24:3; Proverbs 28:26; Proverbs 29:3, Proverbs 29:15; Proverbs 31:26 Ecclesiastes 1:13, Ecclesiastes 1:16^(×2), Ecclesiastes 1:18; Ecclesiastes 2:3, Ecclesiastes 2:9, Ecclesiastes 2:13, Ecclesiastes 2:21; Ecclesiastes 7:10, Ecclesiastes 7:11, Ecclesiastes 7:12^(×2), Ecclesiastes 7:19, Ecclesiastes 7:23; Ecclesiastes 8:1; Ecclesiastes 9:10, Ecclesiastes 9:15, Ecclesiastes 9:16^(×2), Ecclesiastes 9:18; Ecclesiastes 10:1, Ecclesiastes 10:10;—on Solomon’s wisdom see above

חַכְמוֹנִי

n.pr.m. (wise)—

father of one of David’s warriors I Chronicles 11:11.

father of the tutor of David’s sons I Chronicles 27:32.

חֵל²

see חֵיל sub I. חול.

חֹל

see sub III. חלל.

חֶלְאָה

noun (fem.) rust (perhaps as filth see above)—חֶלְאָתָהּ Ezekiel 24:6, Ezekiel 24:12 + v Ezekiel 24:11, Ezekiel 24:12 (del. Co intern. grounds) + v Ezekiel 24:6 חֶלְאָתָהֿ (compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 91, 1; R. 2) rust on metal pot, symbol of impurity of Jerusalem.

חֶלְאָה²

n.pr.f. (meaning doubtful)—wife of Ashḫur (of Judah) ‘father’ of Tekoah I Chronicles 4:5, I Chronicles 4:7 Septuagint Αωδα, Αοαδα, Αλαα, Ελαα, Ελεα.

חָלָב

noun (masc.) milk (Mishnaic Hebrew the same (and verb denom.); Aramaic חַלְבָּא, ܚܰܠܒܳܐ, Phoenician חלב; Arabic حَليبٌ n. fresh milk, حَلَبَ verb milk; Assyrian alibu, milk, see Delitzsch^{Pr 174}; Ethiopic ሐሊብ )—ח׳ absolute Genesis 18:18 + 35 times + Ezekiel 34:3 (see below); construct חֲלֵב Exodus 23:19 + 5 times; with suffix חֲלָבִי Song of Songs 5:1, חֲלָבֵךְ Ezekiel 25:4;—milk:

as common food Genesis 18:8 (J; distinct from חֶמְאָה curd, q.see), חֲלֵב צֹאן Deuteronomy 32:14 (poet.; distinct from חֶמְאַת בָּקָר); in Judges 5:25 חָלָב is used parallel with חֶמְאָה; elsewhere חֶמְאָה seems to be produced from חָלָב:—מִיץ חָלָב יוֹצִיא חֶמְאָה Proverbs 30:33 a pressing (squeezing) of milk produces curd; מֵרֹב עֲשׂוֹת חָלָב יֹאכַל חֶמְאָה Isaiah 7:22 because of abundant yield of milk he shall eat curd; compare also חֲרִצֵי הֶחָלָב I Samuel 17:18 cuts of milk, that is cheeses; it was received in buckets or pails (עֲטִינָיו) Job 21:24 (see Ewald De Dillmann VB), and kept in skins (נֹאוד ח׳) Judges 4:19; men drank it (שׁתה) Ezekiel 25:4 (compare השׁקה Judges 4:19), but also ate it (אכל), if emend. הֶחָלָב Ezekiel 34:3 (for הַחֵלֶב) is right, Septuagint Vulgate Böttcher Hitzig-Smend Co, al.; it was poured out, see sim. of formation of the embryo הֲלֹא כֶח׳ תַּתִּיכֵנִי Job 10:10 hast thou not poured me out like milk? specif. (1) חֲלֵב עִזִּים לְלַחְמְךָ Proverbs 27:27 milk of goats for thy food (Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 204}). (2) c. אֵם mother’s milk: of kid לֹא־תְבַשֵּׁל גְּדִי בַּחֲלֵב אִמּוֹ Exodus 23:19 = Exodus 34:26 = Deuteronomy 14:21, compare טְלֵה ח׳ I Samuel 7:9 sucking lamb (for sacrif.); but also of human beings גְּמוּלֵי מֵח׳ Isaiah 28:9 weaned from milk (‖ עַתִּיקֵי מִשָּׁדָ֑יִם); figuratively in promise to Zion וְיָנַקְתְּ חֲלֵב גּוֹיִם Isaiah 60:16 and thou shalt suck the milk of nations (‖ וְשֹׁד מְלָכִים תִּינָ֑קִי). (3) ח׳ with wine, as especially delicacy Song of Songs 5:1 (see De), figuratively of י׳’s choicest blessings Isaiah 55:1. (4) often in phr. of productiveness of land of Canaan זָבַת חָלָב וּדְבָ֑שׁ (דְּבַשׁ) flowing with milk and honey Exodus 3:8, Exodus 3:17; Exodus 13:5; Exodus 33:3 Numbers 13:27; Numbers 14:8; Numbers 16:14 (all JE), Leviticus 20:24, Deuteronomy 6:3; Deuteronomy 11:9; Deuteronomy 26:9, Deuteronomy 26:15; Deuteronomy 27:3; Deuteronomy 31:20 Joshua 5:6 Jeremiah 11:5; Jeremiah 32:22 Ezekiel 20:6, Ezekiel 20:15, of Egypt Numbers 16:13; the hills תֵּלַכְנָה ח׳ Joel 4:18 (‖ יִטְּפוּ הֶהָרִים עָסִיס); figuratively of charms of loved one דְּבַשׁ וְח׳ תַּחַת לְשׁוֹנֵךְ Song of Songs 4:12 honey and milk are under thy tongue.

milk as white לְבֶן־שִׁנַּיִם מֵח׳ Genesis 49:12 white of teeth, from milk; צַחוּ מֵח׳ Lamentations 4:7 they were whiter than milk (‖ זַכּוּ מִשֶּׁלֶג); so also probably of eyes (iris) רֹחֲצוֹת בֶּח׳ Song of Songs 5:12 bathed in milk, that is the white of the eye.—On milk as not used by Israel in sacrifice see Robertson Smith^{Sem 204}.

חֵ֫לֶב

noun (masc.) ^{Exodus 29:13} fat (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, fat, so Phoenician חלב (probably); Aramaic ܚܶܠܒܳܐ (also diaphragm in Lexx., see Payne Smith (Syriac Thesaurus)¹²⁷⁴) orig. diaphragm, midriff; Arabic خِلْبٌ, incl. midriff-fat, Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 360});—ח׳ absolute Leviticus 3:16 + 40 times; construct Genesis 45:18 + 21 times; with suffix חֶלְבּוֹ Leviticus 3:9 + 6 times; חֶלְבָּהּ Leviticus 4:31, Leviticus 4:35, חֶלְבָּם Numbers 18:17, חֶלְבָּ֫מוֹ Psalms 17:10, חֶלְבְּהֶ֑ן Leviticus 8:16, Leviticus 8:25 (read n.plural חלביהן Sam. Dillmann); plural הַחֲלָבִים Leviticus 8:26 + 7 times; construct חֶלְבֵי Leviticus 6:5 + 4 times; with suffix חֶלְבֵהֶן Genesis 4:4 (חלביהן Sam. Dillmann, compare Leviticus 8:16, Leviticus 8:25 above);—

fat of human body Judges 3:22 (covering intestines); ח׳גִּבּוֹרִים II Samuel 1:22 as smearing warrior’s shield; of grossness of wicked כִּסָּה פָּנָיו בְּחֶלְבּוֹ Job 15:27; fat (of midriff) figuratively of unreceptive heart ח׳ סָֽגְרוּ Psalms 17:10, see also Psalms 73:7 (read מֵחֵלֶב עֲוֹנָמוֹ for מחלב עֵינֵמוֹ Septuagint Peshitta Hitzig Ewald Olshausen De Cheyne Bae al.); טָפַשׁ כַּח׳ לִבָּם Psalms 119:70 that is their heart is as unresponsive as the midriff-fat near it.

fat of beasts:

as rich food (poet.) Deuteronomy 32:14 and in sim. Psalms 63:6 (‖ דֶּשֶׁן); so Masoretic Text Ezekiel 34:3 (but read הֶחָלָב, see חָלָב), Ezekiel 39:19 (Peshitta Co בשׂר).

especially as offered in sacrifice, singular, to י׳ Exodus 23:18, I Samuel 2:15, I Samuel 2:16 Exodus 29:13^(×2), Exodus 29:22^(×3) Leviticus 3:3^(×2), Leviticus 3:4, Leviticus 3:9^(×3), Leviticus 3:10, Leviticus 3:14^(×2), Leviticus 3:15 + 23 times Lv, Numbers 18:17 (all P), Leviticus 17:6, I Samuel 15:22 Isaiah 1:11; Isaiah 43:24 Ezekiel 44:7, Ezekiel 44:15; see Isaiah 34:6^(×2), Isaiah 34:7 of fat of Edomites slaughtered by י׳’s sword (under figuratively of lambs, rams, and bulls); as eaten by (strange) gods Deuteronomy 32:38; (poet.), not to be eaten by men Leviticus 3:17; Leviticus 7:23, Leviticus 7:24^(×2), Leviticus 7:25 (all P); also plural, fat parts or pieces Genesis 4:4 Leviticus 6:5 + 8 times Lv, I Kings 8:64^(×2) II Chronicles 7:7^(×2); II Chronicles 29:35; II Chronicles 35:14.

choicest, best part of products of land Genesis 45:18, specif. of oil Numbers 18:12 and wine v Numbers 18:12; of corn and oil v Numbers 18:29, Numbers 18:30, Numbers 18:32; also (poet.) ח׳ כִּלְיוֹת חִטָּה Deuteronomy 32:14 kidney-fat of wheat (that is the very choicest, compare Isaiah 34:6), ח׳ חִטָּה Psalms 81:17, ח׳ חִטִּים Psalms 147:14.

חֵ֫לֶב²

n.pr.m. (Sab. n.pr.m. חֿלבן = the crafty one Sab.Denkm. ^{27. 28})—one of David’s heroes II Samuel 23:29 (but read חלד(י), see Driver), Septuagint Εσθαει, A Αλαφ, SeptuagintL Αλλαν (= חֵלֶד I Chronicles 11:30 = חֶלְדַּי I Chronicles 27:15).

חֶלְבָּה

n.pr.location town assigned to Asher Judges 1:31, site unknown, Septuagint Χεβδα, SeptuagintL Ελβα; (comp. Assyrian Maḫalliba Schr Delitzsch, but see אַחְלָב below)

חֶלְבּוֹן

n.pr.location place whence wine came (to Tyre) יֵין ח׳ Ezekiel 27:18; so also Assyrian n.pr.terr. Ḫibunim or Hilbunu, see Schr^COT and Delitzsch in Co Mod. Ḫalbûn, NW. from Damascus, Wetzstein^{ZMG xi. 1857, 490 f.} Bd^{Pal. 341}.

חֶ֫לֶד

n.[m.] Job 11:17 duration, world (= αἰών) (Arabic خُلْدٌ perpetual duration, eternity)—absolute ח׳ Psalms 17:14; חָ֑לֶד Job 11:17 + 2 times + Isaiah 38:11 Cheyne De, followed by Cod. Bab. etc. (Baer חָ֑דֶל); with suffix חֶלְדִּי Psalms 39:6; = duration of life Job 11:17 Psalms 39:6 (‖ יָמַי), זְכֹר אֲנִי מֶה־חָ֑לֶד Psalms 89:48 of what duration I am Driver^{§ 189. 2}, or (אדני for אני) what is life(?) Hitzig Ewald Nowack al.; world (= αἰών, not κόσμος) Psalms 17:14; Psalms 49:2 (ישׁבי ח׳ ‖ כל־עמים), compare Isaiah 38:11 (see above; ‖ אֶרֶץ הַחַיִּים).

חֵ֫לֶד

n.pr.m. (Sab. n.pr. חֿלד DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 35}) one of David’s heroes, son of בַּעֲנָה I Chronicles 11:30 A SeptuagintL Αλαδ (= חֶלְדַּי I Chronicles 27:15 = חֵלֶב II Samuel 23:29).

חֻלְדָּה

n.pr.f. prophetess, Josiah’s time, II Kings 22:14 = II Chronicles 34:22, Septuagint Ολδα.

חֶלְדַּי

n.pr.m.

one of David’s heroes I Chronicles 27:15 (= חֵלֶד I Chronicles 11:30 = חֵלֶב II Samuel 23:29) Septuagint Χολδεια (—δαι), SeptuagintL Ολδια.

a returned exile Zechariah 6:10 (om. Septuagint) = חֵלֶם v Zechariah 6:14.

חָלָה

verb be weak, sick (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic חֲלָא suffer (rare); Assyrian ḫalû, sickness, grief, Delitzsch^{Pr 181})—

past (עבר) ח׳ I Kings 14:1 + 8 times; 2nd feminine singular חָלִית Isaiah 57:10; 1st singular חָלִיתִי I Samuel 30:13 + 2 times; וְחָלִי֫תִי consec. Judges 16:7, Judges 16:11, Judges 16:17, חָלוּ֫ Jeremiah 5:3 (so read, see below); future (עתיד) וַיָּ֑חַל II Kings 1:2; infinitive (מקור) with suffix חֲלֹתוֹ Isaiah 38:9; חֲלוֹתִי Psalms 77:11 compare sub Pi.; חֲלוֹתָם Psalms 35:13; participle (בינוני) חֹלֶה Genesis 48:1 + 6 times + I Samuel 22:8 (see below); חוֹלֶה Nehemiah 2:2 Malachi 1:13; f. חוֹלָה Ecclesiastes 5:12 + 3 times (for Jeremiah 4:31 see I. חוּל), construct חוֹלַת Song of Songs 2:5; Song of Songs 5:8;—

be or become weak, Samson Judges 16:7, Judges 16:11, Judges 16:17; feel weak Isaiah 57:10 (Cheyne) Ezekiel 34:4, Ezekiel 34:16.

become sick, ill Genesis 48:1 I Samuel 19:14; I Samuel 30:13 I Kings 14:1, I Kings 14:5; I Kings 15:23 (of Asa, = חלא II Chronicles 16:2) II Chronicles 17:17 II Kings 1:2; II Kings 8:7; II Kings 13:14 (with a direct object cogn.) II Kings 20:12 = Isaiah 39:1, Isaiah 33:24; Isaiah 38:9 Proverbs 23:35 Psalms 35:13 Nehemiah 2:2, compare Psalms 77:11 חֲלוֹתִי for חַלּוֹתִי Cheyne after Bi; lame and sick—that is imperfect for sacrifice—of animals Malachi 1:8, Malachi 1:13; sick from effect of wounds II Kings 8:29 = II Chronicles 22:6, compare Proverbs 23:35, מַכָּה with חֳלִי Deuteronomy 28:59, Deuteronomy 28:61 Jeremiah 6:7; Jeremiah 10:19; hyperbol. sick from love חוֹלַת אַהֲבָה אני Song of Songs 2:5; Song of Songs 5:8; be sick unto dying חלה לָמוּת II Kings 20:1 = Isaiah 38:1, ח׳עד־למות (late) II Chronicles 32:24; Jeremiah 5:3 read probably לֹא חָלוּ֫ (for Masoretic Text חָ֫לוּ, see I. חול) of the people, unmoved by י׳’s chastisements; thou hast smitten them, but they are not sick (compare Niph. Amos 6:6); of sickness of the mind in Masoretic Text I Samuel 22:8 followed by עַל (but read rather חֹמֵל Septuagint Gratz Klostermann Driver); pt. as adjective severe, sore רָעָה חוֹלָה Ecclesiastes 5:12, Ecclesiastes 5:15;—on Jeremiah 4:31 see I. חול.

past (עבר) 1st singular נֶחֱלֵיתִי Daniel 8:27; 3rd plural נֶחְלוּ Amos 6:6 Jeremiah 12:13; participle (בינוני) f. נַחֲלָה Isaiah 17:11 + 4 times; plural נַחְלוֹת Ezekiel 34:4 (del. Co) v Ezekiel 34:21;—

make oneself sick, figuratively for strain oneself Jeremiah 12:13 (but Gratz נִלְאוּ).

be made sick Daniel 8:27; לֹא נֶח׳ of indifference, apathy Amos 6:6 followed by על (compare Qal Jeremiah 5:3); pt. diseased, as noun c. art. Ezekiel 34:4 (del. Co) v Ezekiel 34:21; = severe, sore (pred. of מַכָּה) Nahum 3:19 Jeremiah 10:19; Jeremiah 14:17; Jeremiah 30:12; also (מַכָּה om.) Isaiah 17:11.

past (עבר) חִלָּה make sick, with a direct object cogn. + בְּ of land Deuteronomy 29:21; infinitive (מקור) construct חַלּוֹתִי הִיא Psalms 77:11 read probably חֲלוֹתִי, infinitive (מקור) Qal, my sickness, so Bi Cheyne (others der. from חלל my wounding, see De).—For other forms of Pi. see II. חלה.

past (עבר) be made weak, 2nd masculine singular חֻלֵּיתָ Isaiah 14:10.

future (עתיד) וַיִּתְחָ֑ל II Samuel 13:6; imperative (ציווי) הִתְחָ֑ל II Samuel 13:5; infinitive (מקור) הִתְחַלּוֹת II Samuel 13:2;—make oneself sick, of Ammon’s morbid passion for his sister II Samuel 13:2, followed by בַּעֲבוּר; of his pretended sickness of body II Samuel 13:5, II Samuel 13:6.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הֶחֱלִי Isaiah 53:10; 1st singular הֶהֱלֵתִי Micah 6:13; plural הֶחֱלוּ Hosea 7:5 (on text see below); participle (בינוני) מַחֲלָה Proverbs 13:12;—

make (sick, that is) sore thy smiting הַכּוֹתֶ֑ךָ Micah 6:13 (compare Nahum 3:19, Niph.); obj. (implic.) a person, וי׳ חָפֵץ דַּכְּאוֹ הֶחֱלִי Isaiah 53:10 it pleased י׳ to bruise him, making him sick = to bruise him sorely, see further Dillmann.

make sick, obj. לֵב (of hope deferred) Proverbs 13:12.

shew (signs of) sickness, become sick, only הֶח׳ שׂרים חֲמַת מִיָּ֑יִן Hosea 7:5 princes are become sick with fever of wine (Nowack Cheyne VB; > Vrss Hitzig-St who read הֵחֵלּוּ they begin the day with wine-fever).

past (עבר) be made sick = wounded הָֽחֳלֵיתִי I Kings 22:34 = II Chronicles 18:33, II Chronicles 35:23.

חֳלִי

noun (masc.) ^{Deuteronomy 28:59} sickness, חֳלִי Deuteronomy 28:61 + 8 times; חֹ֑לִי Deuteronomy 7:15 + 2 times; with suffix חָלְיוֹ Isaiah 38:9 + 7 times + Ecclesiastes 5:16 (where del. with suffix, compare Vrss Nowack); plural חֳלָיִם Deuteronomy 28:59, חֳלָיִים II Chronicles 21:15, חֳלָיֵנוּ Isaiah 53:4;—sickness, disease Deuteronomy 7:15; Deuteronomy 28:59, Deuteronomy 28:61 I Kings 17:17 II Kings 1:2; II Kings 8:8, II Kings 8:9; II Kings 13:14 Isaiah 38:9 II Chronicles 16:12^(×2); II Chronicles 21:15^(×2), II Chronicles 21:19 Psalms 41:4 Ecclesiastes 6:2; of the suffering servant of י׳ Isaiah 53:3, Isaiah 53:4 (in both ‖ מַכְאֹב); of rich man Ecclesiastes 5:16 (read וָחֳלִי, see above); incurable disease ח׳ לְאֵין מַרְפֵּא II Chronicles 21:18; recover from sickness חיה מֵחלי Isaiah 38:9; metaphorically of distress of land Hosea 5:13 (‖ מָזוֹר), Isaiah 1:5 Jeremiah 10:19; = wound, of violence in Jerusalem Jeremiah 6:7 (‖ מַכָּה).

חָלָה²

verb only Pi. followed by פְּנֵי, פָּנֶיךָ, פָּנַיִךְ = mollify, appease, entreat the favour of, literally make the face of any one sweet or pleasant (compare Arabic حَلَا, حَلِىَ be sweet, pleasant, Aramaic ܚܠܻܝ, חֲלִי, the same, adjective חָלֵי sweet);—

past (עבר) חִלָּה II Chronicles 33:12, חִלִּיתִי I Samuel 13:12 Psalms 119:58, וְחִלּוּ consec. Job 11:19, חִלִּינוּ Daniel 9:13; future (עתיד) וַיְחַל Exodus 32:11 + 3 times, יְחַלּוּ Psalms 45:13 Proverbs 19:6; imperative (ציווי) חַל־נָא I Kings 13:6, חַלּוּ־נָא Malachi 1:9; infinitive (מקור) construct לְחַלּוֹת Zechariah 7:2 + 2 times;—

ח׳ את־פני־י׳:

mollify, pacify, appease י׳, that is induce him to shew favour in place of wrath and chastisement Exodus 32:11, I Kings 13:6 (+ הִתְפַּלֵּל), v I Kings 13:6 II Kings 13:4 Jeremiah 26:19 (+ וַיִּנָּ֫חֶם), II Chronicles 33:12 (‖ וַיִּכָּנַע מאד מִלִּפְנֵי), Daniel 9:13; also ח׳ פני־אֵל Malachi 1:9 (followed by וִיחָנֵּ֑נוּ that he may be gracious to us).

entreat the favour of י׳, that is aim at success, prosperity, etc., through his favour, I Samuel 13:12 (in anticipation of war), Zechariah 8:21, Zechariah 8:22 (‖ לְבַקֵּשׁ אֶת־י׳; of cities and nations assembling at Jerusalem for worship), Zechariah 7:2 (‖ לְבַקֵּשׁ אֶת־י׳) of worship at Jerusalem; quite generally, as habit of God-fearing man, Psalms 119:58 (+ בְּכָל־לֵב).

entreat favour of men (in sense of 1 b)—רַבִּים יְח׳ פני־נָדִיב Proverbs 19:6 many entreat a prince’s favour (‖ וְכָל־הָרֵעַ לְאִישׁ מַתָּן); יח׳ פָּנַיִךְ Psalms 45:13 of favour of king’s bride; וְח׳ פָּנֶיךָ רַבִּים Job 11:19 favour of Job when absolved and restored.

חֲלִי

noun (masc.) ornament, נֶזֶם זָהָב וַחֲלִי־כָּ֑תֶם Proverbs 25:12 a (nose- or ear-) ring of gold and (neck- or breast-) ornament of fine gold; plural חֲלָאִים Song of Songs 7:2, in sim. of grace and beauty.

חֲלִי²

n.pr.location in Asher Joshua 19:25, site unknown (see conject. in Dillmann).

חַלְחוּל

n.pr.location town in Judah, Joshua 15:58 Lagarde^{Onom. 119. 7, 2nd ed. 152} Elul in tribu Iuda, compare Alula juxta Chebron; mod. Ḥalḥûl, 1 1/2 hour (3 1/2 miles) N. from Hebron, see Dillmann (and reff.) Bla Rob^{BR iii. 281 f.} Gutheérin ^{Judée iii. 284 ff.}

חַלְחָלָה²

noun (fem.) see i. חול.

חֵֽלְכָה

read חַלְכֶּה, חֶלְכֶּה, or חָלְכֶּה, adjective hapless, unfortunate, only as noun hapless, luckless one(s)—לְחֵֽלְכָה Psalms 10:8, Septuagint εἰς τὸν πένητα, Peshitta Targum; חֵלֶ֑כָה Psalms 10:14 Septuagint ὁ πτωχός; חלכאים Psalms 10:10 Kt, read plural חַלְכָּאִים (חֶל׳, חָל׳); Qr חֵל כָּאִים, Septuagint τῶν πενήτων. In all text and meaning doubtful (Masoretic Text reads חֵלְכָה = חֵילְךָ thine army; and חֵל כָּאִים v Psalms 10:10 army of dejected ones, but this against usage of חֵל, and no such figuratively sense of חַיִל, see Olshausen Hup De Bae Cheyne, and crit. n.)

חָלַל

verb bore, pierce (Arabic خَلَّ perforate, pierce through, transfix, Ethiopic ኅለት (hollow) reed; Aramaic חֲלַל hollow out, חֲלִילָא pipe; ܚܠܻܝܠܴܐ adjective hollow, ܚܠܳܠܴܐ cave, ܚܶܠܬܳܐ sheath, etc.; Mishnaic Hebrew in deriv. חָלָל n. hollow, adjective slain, חָלִיל pipe);—

past (עבר) לִבִּי חָלַל בְּקִרְבִּי my heart is pierced (wounded) within me Psalms 109:22 (? literally one has pierced my heart; or read Pu. חֻלַּל?); infinitive (מקור) construct חַלּוֹתִי הִיא Psalms 77:11 it is my piercing, my wound my woe; Hu. Pe Bi Cheyne read חֲלוֹתִי my sickness).

participle (בינוני) plural (Baer) בְּיַד מְחַללֶי֑ךָ Ezekiel 28:9 in the hand of the ones wounding thee (Smend Co read מְחוֹלְלֶ֑ךָ).

participle (בינוני) מְחֻלֲלֵי הֶרֶב pierced by the sword Ezekiel 32:26. Poʿel. past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular חֹלֲלָה יָדוֹ נָחָשׁ בָּרִחַ Job 26:13 his hand pierced the fleeing serpent; רַב־מְחוֹלֵל כֹּל Proverbs 26:10 an archer piercing all (see חול) participle (בינוני) f. מְחוֹלֶלֶת תַּנִּין Isaiah 51:9 who pierced the dragon. Poʿal. participle (בינוני) מְחֹלָל מִפְּשָׁעֵינוּ Isaiah 53:5 pierced, wounded because of our transgressions (of the servant of י׳, ‖ מְדֻכָּא מֵעֲוֹנֹתֵינוּ).

חָלָל

noun (masc.) pierced, ח׳ absolute Deuteronomy 21:1 + 25 times; construct חֲלַל Numbers 19:16; plural חֲלָלִים Numbers 23:24 + 28 times; construct חַלְלֵי Isaiah 22:2 + 21 times; with suffix חֲלָלֶיךָ Psalms 69:27, etc. + 11 times sfs.;—

pierced, fatally wounded Psalms 69:27 Jeremiah 51:52 Ezekiel 26:15; Ezekiel 30:24 Lamentations 2:12 Job 24:12.

slain Numbers 19:18; Numbers 31:8, Numbers 31:19, etc.; singular coll. II Samuel 23:8, II Samuel 23:18 = I Chronicles 11:11, I Chronicles 11:20 Ezekiel 6:7; Ezekiel 30:11, etc., but usually plural Genesis 34:27 I Samuel 17:52 (RV wounded) Jeremiah 51:49, etc.; †חַלְלֵי חֶרֶב Isaiah 22:2 Jeremiah 14:18 Ezekiel 31:17, Ezekiel 31:18; Ezekiel 32:20, Ezekiel 32:21, Ezekiel 32:25, Ezekiel 32:28, Ezekiel 32:29, Ezekiel 32:30, Ezekiel 32:31, Ezekiel 32:32 Zephaniah 2:12 Lamentations 4:9; חַלְלֵי רעב Lamentations 4:9; חַלְלֵי יהוה Isaiah 66:16 Jeremiah 25:33.

חַלָּה

noun (fem.) a kind of cake (probably as perforated, see Dillmann Leviticus 2:4)—ח׳ absolute Numbers 15:20 Leviticus 24:5; construct חַלַּת Exodus 29:23 + 4 times; plural חַלּוֹת Leviticus 2:4 + 2 times; חַלֹּת Exodus 29:2 + 3 times—used in offerings:

at the sacrif. of David on removal of ark, given to each person as part of peace-offering II Samuel 6:19.

elsewhere only P (H Leviticus 24:5^(×2)):

of the 12 cakes of the table of the holy place, made of סלת Leviticus 24:5^(×2).

made of ראשׁית ערסת as an offering of first-fruits Numbers 15:20.

of לחם שׁמן, to be burnt with the עוֹלָה Exodus 29:23 = Leviticus 8:26.

of מַצָּה burnt on the altar with c Leviticus 8:26, but usually to be eaten by participants in the several forms of peace-offering Numbers 6:19, and as such mingled with oil Exodus 29:2 Leviticus 2:4 Leviticus 7:12^(×2) Numbers 6:15.

ח׳ לחם חמץ to be used by the offerer in connexion with the unleavened cakes of d Leviticus 7:13.

חַלּוֹן

noun (masc.) ^{Joshua 2:18} and f. ^{Ezekiel 40:16} window, absolute הַחַלּוֹן Genesis 26:8 + 12 times; construct חַלּוֹן Genesis 8:6 Proverbs 7:6; with suffix חַלּוֹנָו֯ Ezekiel 40:22; mpl. חַלּוֹנִים Ezekiel 40:25 + 3 times; construct חַלּוֹנֵי I Kings 6:4; with suffix חַלּוֹנָי֑ Jeremiah 22:14 (defective plural Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 87 (1)c, dual Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 177 a, but read יו סָפוֹן Mich Hitzig Gf Or Gie); חַלּוֹנֵינוּ Jeremiah 9:20; f. חַלּוֹנוֹת Ezekiel 40:16 + 4 times; חַלֹּנוֹת Song of Songs 2:9 + 3 times; window פָּתַח ח׳ open the window Genesis 8:6 II Kings 13:17; עלה בח׳ Jeremiah 9:20; בעד הח׳ through the window Genesis 26:8 Joshua 2:15 Judges 5:28 I Samuel 19:12 II Samuel 6:16 = I Chronicles 15:29, II Kings 9:30 Joel 2:9; latticed windows I Kings 6:4 Ezekiel 40:16; Ezekiel 41:16, Ezekiel 41:26; בּח׳ Joshua 2:18, Joshua 2:21 Proverbs 7:6 Zephaniah 2:14; אֶל־הח׳ II Kings 9:32; מִן־הח׳ Song of Songs 2:9; windows of palace, קָרַע לוֹ חַלּוֹנָי(ו) Jeremiah 22:14 cutteth him out his windows; of the gates of Ezek.’s temple Ezekiel 40:16, Ezekiel 40:22, Ezekiel 40:25^(×2), Ezekiel 40:29, Ezekiel 40:33, Ezekiel 40:36, of the temple itself Ezekiel 41:16^(×2).

חָלִיל

noun (masc.) flute, pipe, ח׳ I Samuel 10:5 Isaiah 5:12; Isaiah 30:29; plural חֲלִלִים I Kings 1:40 Jeremiah 48:36^(×2).

חָלַל²

verbdenom. play the pipe, pipe—

participle (בינוני) plural וְשָׁרִים כְּחֹלֲלִים Psalms 87:7 as well the singers as the pipe-players, compare AV; < RV Pe De Che Bae al. Pôʿlel participle (בינוני) from i. חוּל dancers.

participle (בינוני) וְהָעָם מְחַלְּלִים בַּחֲלִלִים I Kings 1:40 and the people piped with pipes (compare Assyrian ḫâlalu, according to Delitzsch in Zim^{BP 117}).

חָלַל³

verb pollute, defile, profane; Hiph. also begin (literally untie, loosen, open, see Arabic) (Arabic خَلَّ untie, undo, become free, lawful, free from obligation or tie; iv. make lawful; x. esteem lawful or free, profane, desecrate, violate; Mishnaic Hebrew חלל be profane, desecrated (also Pi. Hiph. transit.), compare Aramaic חֲלַל; ܚܰܠܶܠ Pa. is purify, ܐܰܚܶܠ Aph. is profane)—

past (עבר) נִחָ֑ל Ezekiel 25:3, נִחַלְתְּ (-תִּי Co) Ezekiel 22:16, נִחֲלוּ Ezekiel 7:24; future (עתיד) יֵחָ֑ל Isaiah 48:11, תֵּחֵל Leviticus 21:9, וָאֵחַל Ezekiel 22:26; infinitive (מקור) הֵחֵל Ezekiel 20:9, Ezekiel 20:14, Ezekiel 20:22, with suffix לְהֵחַלּוֹ Leviticus 21:4.—

reflex. pollute, defile oneself

ritually, by contact with dead ‖ טמא, Leviticus 21:4

sexually ‖ זנה Leviticus 21:9.

Pass., be polluted, defiled, of holy places Ezekiel 7:24; Ezekiel 25:3, name of God Ezekiel 20:9, Ezekiel 20:14, Ezekiel 20:22 Isaiah 48:11 and even God himself Ezekiel 22:16, Ezekiel 22:26.

past (עבר) חִלֵּל Leviticus 19:8 + 3 times; with suffix חִלְּלוֹ Deuteronomy 20:6; 2nd masculine singular חִלַּלְתָּ Genesis 49:4 + 3 times; 2nd feminine singular חִלָּ֑לְתְּ Ezekiel 22:8; 3rd plural with suffix חִלְּלוּהֻ֯ Ezekiel 7:21 etc., + 16 times past (עבר); future (עתיד) יְחַלֵּל Leviticus 21:12, Leviticus 21:15, Leviticus 21:23; with suffix יְחַלְּלֶנּוּ Deuteronomy 20:6; plural יְחַלְּלוּ Leviticus 21:6 + 4 times, יְחַלֵּ֑לוּ Psalms 89:32 etc., + 13 times future (עתיד); infinitive (מקור) חַלֵּל Amos 2:7 + 4 times; חַלְּלוֹ Ezekiel 23:39 + 4 times; חַלְּלָם Jeremiah 16:18; participle (בינוני) מְחַלֵּל Ezekiel 24:21 plural מְחַלְּלִים Malachi 1:12 Nehemiah 13:17; with suffix מְחַלֲלֶיהָ Exodus 31:14; f. מְחַלֶּלֶת Leviticus 21:9;—

defile, pollute:

sexually, Genesis 49:4 (poem) = I Chronicles 5:1 (the father’s bed); a woman = זנה Leviticus 19:29; Leviticus 21:9; זַרְעוֹ Leviticus 21:15.

ceremonially, profane, the altar by a tool Exodus 20:22; sacred places Leviticus 21:12, Leviticus 21:23, Ezekiel 7:21, Ezekiel 7:22^(×2), Ezekiel 23:39; Ezekiel 24:21; Ezekiel 44:7 Zephaniah 3:4 Malachi 2:11 Psalms 74:7 Daniel 11:31; the holy land Jeremiah 16:18; sacred things Leviticus 19:8; Leviticus 22:9, Leviticus 22:15 Numbers 18:32 Ezekiel 22:26; the sabbath Exodus 31:14, Isaiah 56:2, Isaiah 56:6 Ezekiel 20:13, Ezekiel 20:16, Ezekiel 20:21, Ezekiel 20:24; Ezekiel 22:8; Ezekiel 23:38 Nehemiah 13:17, Nehemiah 13:18; and so the sanctity of the prince of Tyre who made himself God, and his holy places, Ezekiel 28:7, Ezekiel 28:16, Ezekiel 28:18.

the name of God Leviticus 18:21; Leviticus 19:12; Leviticus 20:3; Leviticus 21:6; Leviticus 22:2, Leviticus 22:32 (all H), Amos 2:7 Jeremiah 34:16 Ezekiel 20:39; Ezekiel 36:20, Ezekiel 36:21, Ezekiel 36:22, Ezekiel 36:23 Malachi 1:12, God himself Ezekiel 13:19.

י׳ defiles or profanes his inheritance by giving it over to Babylon Isaiah 47:6; the princes of the sanctuary by giving them to Chaldeans Isaiah 43:28.

violate the honour of, dishonour, י׳ subj., crown of Davidic kingdom Psalms 89:40 (followed by לארץ pregn.), kingdom of Judah Lamentations 2:2; the גאון כל צבי Isaiah 23:9.

violate a covenant Psalms 55:21; Psalms 89:35 Malachi 2:10, the חקות of God Psalms 89:32.

treat a vineyard as common (see חֹל) by beginning to use its fruit Deuteronomy 20:6^(×2); Deuteronomy 28:30 Jeremiah 31:5 (see the law Leviticus 19:23-25, H).

participle (בינוני) שְׁמִי הַגָּדוֹל הַמְֿחֻלָּל בַּגּוֹיִם Ezekiel 36:23 my great name which is profaned among the nations.

future (עתיד) לֹא אַחֵל אֶת־שֶׁם־קָדְשִׁי עוֹד Ezekiel 39:7 I will not let my holy name be profaned any more; cp. Ezekiel 20:9.

לֹא יַחֵל דְּבָרוֹ he shall not violate his word Numbers 30:3.

begin, past (עבר) הֵחֵל Genesis 6:1 + 15 times, הֵחֵ֫לָּה Judges 20:40, הַחִלּוֹתָ Deuteronomy 3:24 Esther 6:13, הַחִלֹּתִי Deuteronomy 2:31 I Samuel 22:15, הֵחֵ֫לּוּ Ezra 3:6 + 6 times; future (עתיד) יָחֵל Judges 10:18; Judges 13:5, וַיָּ֫חֶל Genesis 9:20 + 5 times, 3rd feminine singular וַ֫תָּחֶל Judges 13:25; Judges 16:19, 2nd masculine singular תָּחֵל Deuteronomy 16:9, אָחֵל Deuteronomy 2:25 Joshua 3:7, וַיָּחֵ֫לּוּ Judges 20:31 + 3 times, וַתְּחִלֶּינָה Genesis 41:54, תָּחֵ֫לּוּ Ezekiel 9:6; imperative (ציווי) הָחֵל Deuteronomy 2:24, Deuteronomy 2:31; infinitive (מקור) construct הָחֵל I Samuel 3:12 + 2 times; with suffix הַחִלָּם Genesis 11:6; participle (בינוני) מֵחֵל Jeremiah 25:29;—begin, Numbers 17:11, Numbers 17:12 Deuteronomy 16:9 II Chronicles 29:27^(×2); so II Samuel 24:15 Septuagint Wellhausen Driver. (Septuagint inserts וְהַמַּגֵּפָה הֵחֵ֫לָּה בָּעָם bef. וַיָּ֫מָת); c. infinitive (מקור) (ל) begin to Genesis 41:54, Genesis 6:1; Genesis 10:8 = I Chronicles 1:10, Genesis 11:6 Numbers 25:1 (all J), Deuteronomy 2:25, Deuteronomy 2:31; Deuteronomy 3:24; Deuteronomy 16:9 Joshua 3:7, Judges 10:18; Judges 13:5, Judges 13:25; Judges 16:19, Judges 16:22; Judges 20:31, Judges 20:39, Judges 20:40 I Samuel 3:2; I Samuel 14:35; I Samuel 22:15 II Kings 10:32; II Kings 15:37 I Chronicles 27:24 II Chronicles 3:1, II Chronicles 3:2; II Chronicles 29:17; II Chronicles 31:7, II Chronicles 31:10, II Chronicles 31:21; II Chronicles 34:3^(×2) Ezra 3:6 Nehemiah 4:1 Esther 6:13; Esther 9:23; Jeremiah 25:29 Jonah 3:4; c. ו consec. Genesis 9:20 Ezra 3:8; c. בְּ begin with Genesis 44:12, Ezekiel 9:6, II Chronicles 20:22; so II Samuel 24:5, read וַיָּחֵ֫לּוּ for וַיַּחֲנוּ SeptuagintL Wellhausen Driver; c. מן begin from Ezekiel 9:6; הָחֵל רָשׁ begin! possess! Deuteronomy 2:24, Deuteronomy 2:31; הָחֵל וְכַלֵּה beginning and ending I Samuel 3:12 (that is accomplishing my full purpose, see Driver).

past (עבר) אָו הוּחַל לִקְרֹא בְּשֵׁם י׳ then it was begun (= men began) to call on the name of י׳ Genesis 4:26.

—וַיָּחֵלּוּ מְעַט מִמַּשָּׂא Hosea 8:10 begin to be minished by reason of the burden RV Hitzig al.; Wü Nowack read וְיָחִלוּ (I. חול, חיל)—for om. of dagh. see also וְיָחֵלוּ of Cod. Bab.—shall be in anguish a little for the burden, so Ra AV; Ewald וְיָחִלוּ that they may wait (?) a little; Septuagint וחדלו מעט ממשׁח cease a little from anointing, so Cheyne Wellhausen, this probably best.

חֹל²

n.[m.] profaneness, commonness;—לֶחֶם חֹל I Samuel 21:5, דֶּרֶךְ חֹל v I Samuel 21:6; in concrete sense, opposite קֹדֶשׁ Leviticus 10:10, Ezekiel 22:26; Ezekiel 42:20; Ezekiel 44:23; Ezekiel 48:15.

חָלָל²

adjective profaned;—חָלָל רָשָׁע (read construct חֲלַל Siegfried-Stade) profaned, dishonoured wicked one Ezekiel 21:30 (so AV Gesenius' Thesaurus Muhlau-Volck Siegfried-Stade Co Or; but RV Hä deadly wounded, Ewald Smend fallen, slain); plural construct חַלְלֵי רְשָׁעִים Ezekiel 21:34; fs. חֲלָלָה of woman sexually dishonoured Leviticus 21:7; Leviticus 21:14 (H; ‖ זָנָה).

חָלִילָה

noun c. ה location, used as exclam. literally ad profanum! that is far be it (for me, thee, etc.)! (see Barth^{NB 136})—ח׳ Genesis 44:7 + 17 times, חָלִלָה Genesis 18:25 + 2 times—alone, I Samuel 14:45; I Samuel 20:2; elsewhere c. לְ person: Genesis 18:25, I Samuel 2:30; I Samuel 20:9; I Samuel 22:15; + מִן and inf. of act deprecated Genesis 18:25; Genesis 44:7, Genesis 44:17 (all J), Joshua 24:16, I Samuel 12:23 II Samuel 23:17; + מִמֶּנּוּ ל (peculiarly) Joshua 22:29 (P; = from it, even to rebel); + אִם (= surely not) II Samuel 20:20 (ח׳ ח׳), Job 27:5; strengthened idiomatically by מיהוה, ח׳לִי מִיּ׳ followed by מִן and inf. I Samuel 26:11 I Kings 21:3 + II Samuel 23:17 (read מיהוה, SeptuagintL Peshitta Targum) = I Chronicles 11:19 (מאלהי) followed by אִם I Samuel 24:7; ח׳ לָאֵל מֵרֶשַׁע Job 34:10.

חָלַם

verb be healthy, strong (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic ܚܠܰܡ Ethp. be made healthy, strong Aph. causat., also deriv.; חֲלַם press firmly together)—

future (עתיד) יַחְלְמוּ בְנֵיהֶם Job 39:4 their young are healthy.

future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular וְתַחֲלִימֵנִי Isaiah 38:16 and restore me to health (‖ וִהַחֲיֵ֫ינִי).

חֵ֫לֶם

n.pr.m. (strength)—a returned exile Zechariah 6:14 = חֶלְדַּי v Zechariah 6:10.

חָלַם²

verb dream (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic ܚܠܰܡ; חֲלַם; Ethiopic ሐለመ: Arabic حَلَمَ, dream, experience an emission of the seminal fluid, attain to puberty)—

past (עבר) ח׳ Genesis 42:9 Daniel 2:1, חָלַמְתִּי Genesis 37:9 + 3 times, חָלָ֑מְתִּי Genesis 37:6 + 2 times, etc., + 3 times past (עבר); future (עתיד) יַחֲלֹם Isaiah 29:8 + 5 times, יַחְלְמוּ Job 39:4, וַיַּחַלְמוּ Genesis 40:5, יַחֲלֹמ֑וּן Joel 3:1, נַחַלְמָה Genesis 41:11, participle (בינוני) חוֹלֵם Deuteronomy 13:4, חֹלֵם Genesis 41:1 Deuteronomy 13:2, Deuteronomy 13:6, חֹלְמִים Psalms 126:1—dream:

of ordinary dreams of sleep Isaiah 29:8^(×2) Psalms 126:1.

of dreams with prophetic meaning: of Jacob Genesis 28:12, Joseph Genesis 37:5, Genesis 37:6, Genesis 37:9^(×2), Genesis 37:10; Genesis 42:9, of Pharaoh and his servants Genesis 40:5, Genesis 40:8; Genesis 41:1, Genesis 41:5, Genesis 41:11^(×2), Genesis 41:15 (all E, not elsewhere in Hex.); of Midianite Judges 7:13, Nebuchad. Daniel 2:1, Daniel 2:3, old men in latter days Joel 3:1.

of dreams of false prophets Deuteronomy 13:2, Deuteronomy 13:4, Deuteronomy 13:6 Jeremiah 23:25^(×2).

participle (בינוני) מַחְלְמִים dream (of false prophets, with a direct object cogn.) Jeremiah 29:8 (but read חֹלְמִים [מ by dittogr. from אַתֶּם], Hitzig Gf Gie Gratz).

חֲלוֹם

noun (masc.) Genesis 37:10 dream;—ח׳ absolute Genesis 37:5 +, construct Genesis 20:3, חֲלֹם absolute Genesis 20:6, construct Genesis 31:24; with suffix חֲלוֹמִי Genesis 40:9, Genesis 40:16, חֲלֹמִי Genesis 41:17, Genesis 41:22, חֲלֹמוֹ Genesis 40:5 + 5 times; plural חֲלֹמוֹת Jeremiah 23:32 + 10 times etc., + 7 times with suffix—dream

ordinary dream of sleep Job 7:14; Job 20:8 Psalms 73:20 Ecclesiastes 5:2, Ecclesiastes 5:6 Isaiah 29:7.

dreams with prophetic meaning, the lowest grade of prophecy (see Br^{MP 6}):

dream of Abimelek Genesis 20:3, Genesis 20:6, of Jacob Genesis 31:10, Genesis 31:11, Laban Genesis 31:24, Joseph Genesis 37:5, Genesis 37:6, Genesis 37:8, Genesis 37:9^(×2), Genesis 37:10, Genesis 37:19, Genesis 37:20; Genesis 42:9, Pharaoh and his servants Genesis 40:5^(×3), Genesis 40:8, Genesis 40:9^(×2), Genesis 40:16; Genesis 41:7, Genesis 41:8, Genesis 41:11^(×2), Genesis 41:12^(×2), Genesis 41:15^(×2), Genesis 41:17, Genesis 41:22, Genesis 41:25, Genesis 41:26, Genesis 41:32; of a lower order of prophets than Moses Numbers 12:6, (all E, not elsewhere in Hex.), Job 33:15, of Midianite Judges 7:13^(×2), Judges 7:15, desired by Saul I Samuel 28:6, I Samuel 28:15; of Sol. I Kings 3:5, I Kings 3:15; of old men in latter days Joel 3:1, of Nebuchad. Daniel 2:1, Daniel 2:2, Daniel 2:3^(×2) Daniel הֵבִין בְּכָל־חָזוֹן וַחֲלֹמוֹת Daniel 1:17 had understanding in all visions and dreams.

of false prophets Deuteronomy 13:2, Deuteronomy 13:4, Deuteronomy 13:6 Jeremiah 23:27, Jeremiah 23:28^(×2), Jeremiah 23:32; Jeremiah 27:9; Jeremiah 29:8 Zechariah 10:2.

חַלָּמוּת

noun (fem.) name of a plant, with thick, slimy juice, purslain, Job 6:6 RVm, so Gesenius' Thesaurus Rob Gesenius al.; Peshitta ܚܠܰܡܬܳܐ, anchusa Payne Smith (Syriac Thesaurus) ^{i, 1284}; on this, and later interpr. see Böttcher Dillmann Löw ^{pp. 165, 361}; only אִם־יֶשׁ־טַעַם בְּרִיר חַלָּמוּת Job 6:6 is there any taste in the juice of ח׳ (figuratively of insipid and dull discourse); > AV RV Ewald Hitzig Siegfried-Stade after Targum Saad Rabb. in the white of an egg. The ref. is to Job’s suffering (from which as little joy comes as from eating unsavoury food, so now Comm. generally), rather than to the unpalatable words of his friends. It is doubtful whether Dillmann’s reason for perferring purslain to Targum חֶלְמוֹנָא yolk of egg (רִיר ח׳ slime of yolk, that is the white of the egg) is convincing, viz. that ancient Hebrews did not keep hens, or that of De, viz. that white of egg is not slime and is not unpalatable; meaning yolk preferred also by Davidson Budde Duhm.

חַלָּמִישׁ

noun (masc.) flint;—חַלָּמִישׁ Deuteronomy 8:15 + 3 times; construct חַלְמִישׁ Deuteronomy 32:13;—flint צוּר הַח׳ rock of flint = flinty rock, whence water flowed for Isr. in desert Deuteronomy 8:15, and (no צור) Psalms 114:8; worked by miners Job 28:9; hyperb. oil out of ח׳ צוּר Deuteronomy 32:13 flint of rock = rocky flint (poet.);—in sim. of firmness עַל־כֵּן שַׂמְתִּי פָּנַי כַּחַלָּמִישׁ Isaiah 50:7.

חֵלֹן²

see under I. and II. חול.

חָלַף

verb pass on or away, pass through (mostly poet.) (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, pass by or away, change; Phoenician חלפת equivalent, Reinach^{RÉJ 188, 276}; Hoffmann^{G. G. Abh. xxxvi. 1890, 20}; Aramaic חֲלַף pass away, change; ܚܠܰܦ change, substitute; Nab. חלף change (?) Eut ^{p. 53}; Arabic خَلَفَ come after, succeed, replace [compare ‘Caliph’ that is successor (of Mohammed)] and many deriv. Lane^792–799; so also ויחלפה MI ⁶ and his son succeeded him; Ethiopic ኀለፈ pass by, across, through)—

past (עבר) חָלַף Song of Songs 2:11 Habakkuk 1:11 etc.; future (עתיד) יַחֲלֹף Job 4:15 + 4 times; 3rd feminine singular with suffix תַּחְלְפֵ֫הוּ Job 20:24; יַחֲלֹ֑פוּ Psalms 102:27; infinitive (מקור) construct לַחֲלוֹף Isaiah 21:1;—

pass on quickly I Samuel 10:3; elsewhere only poet., move or sweep on, of a flood Isaiah 8:8, or wind Isaiah 21:1 Job 4:15 Habakkuk 1:11, of God Job 9:11; Job 11:10.

pass away (vanish) Job 9:26 (of days); Song of Songs 2:11 (of rain ‖ עבר), of the heavens Psalms 102:27, of idols Isaiah 2:18, (but perhaps gloss JBL ^{ix. 1890, 86}).

of grass, come on anew, that is sprout again (compare Hiph. 2) Psalms 90:5, Psalms 90:6, so Gesenius' Thesaurus AV De Hitzig Cheyne Bae al.; less suitably in context Septuagint Vulgate Ewald pass away, above 1 b.

trans.

pass through, that is pierce, followed by direct object Judges 5:26 Job 20:24.

overstep, transgress Isaiah 24:5 (‖ עבר), (compare Arabic iv. to break a promise).

future (עתיד) וַיְחַלֵּף (cause to pass) change, followed by direct object garment Genesis 41:14 II Samuel 12:20.

past (עבר) חֶחֱלִף Genesis 31:7; future (עתיד) יַחֲלִיף Job 14:7; with suffix יַחֲלִיפֶנּוּ Leviticus 27:10; 3rd feminine singular תַּחֲלִיף Job 29:20; 2nd masculine singular וַתַּחֲלֵף Genesis 31:41; with suffix תַּחֲלִיפֵם; יַחֲלִ֫יפוּ Isaiah 40:31; Isaiah 41:1; נַחֲלִיף Isaiah 9:9;—

change (trans.) garments Genesis 35:2 Psalms 102:27, wages Genesis 31:7, Genesis 31:41 (both E); no obj. expr. Leviticus 27:10; substitute that is cause to succeed Isaiah 9:9; change for better, renew, obj. כֹּחַ Isaiah 40:31; Isaiah 41:1.

shew newness, of tree, putting forth fresh shoots Job 14:7, of bow Job 29:20.

חֵ֫לֶף

n.[m.] exchange, only construct, as preposition in return for (so חֲלַף, ܚܠܳܦ, common in Aramaic for example Genesis 4:23 Targum Peshitta for Hebrew תַּחַת)—ח׳ עֲבֹדֶתֶם (עֲבֹדַתְכֶם) Numbers 18:21, Numbers 18:31 (both P).

חֵ֫לֶף²

n.pr.location in Naphtali, site unknown Joshua 19:33.

חֲלוֹף

noun (masc.) a passing away, vanishing (properly infinitive (מקור) of חלף)—בְּנֵי ח׳ Proverbs 31:8 i. e. those who are passing away, transitory (compare Qal 1 b).

חָלַץ

verb draw off or out, withdraw (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic חֲלַץ; ܚܠܰܨ despoil, usually Pa. etc.; Phoenician n.pr. חלצבעל Baal has rescued, and חלץ alone; Arabic خَلَصَ withdraw, retire)—

past (עבר) Hosea 5:6; וְחָֽלְצָה consec. Deuteronomy 25:9; חָֽלְצוּ Lamentations 4:3; future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular תַּחֲלֹץ; participle (בינוני) passive construct חֲלוּץ Deuteronomy 25:10—

draw, draw off, with a direct object of sandal Deuteronomy 25:9 Isaiah 20:2 (both followed by רֶגֶל c. מִן), compare בֵּית חֲלוּץ הַנָּ֑עַל Deuteronomy 25:10; draw out, present the breast, of animal giving suck Lamentations 4:3.

intrans. withdraw (himself) followed by מִן Hosea 5:6.

past (עבר) be delivered נֶחֱלָ֑ץ Proverbs 11:8 (followed by מִן); future (עתיד) יֵחָלֵ֑צוּ Proverbs 11:9; יֵחָֽלְצוּן Psalms 60:7 = Psalms 108:7 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 51. 2. R. 2).

past (עבר) חִלֵּץ Leviticus 14:43 etc.; future (עתיד) יְחַלֵּץ Job 36:15; וָאֲחַלְּצָה Psalms 7:5 (but on text vid. below ad fin.); with suffix אֲחַלֶּצְךָ Psalms 50:15; אֲחַלְּצֶ֫ךָּ Psalms 81:8, etc.; imperative (ציווי) חַלְּצָה Psalms 6:5; חַלְּצֵנִי Psalms 119:153; Psalms 140:2;—

pull out, tear out Leviticus 14:40, Leviticus 14:43 (P; stones from infested house).

rescue, deliver, c. obj. person, but only poet.;—followed by נפשׁי Psalms 6:5; Psalms 116:8 (מִמָּ֫וֶת); compare Psalms 140:2 (followed by מִן); absolute with a direct object Psalms 18:20 = II Samuel 22:20, Psalms 34:8; Psalms 50:15; Psalms 81:8; Psalms 91:15; Psalms 119:153 Job 36:15; וָאֲחַלְּצָה Psalms 7:5; followed by direct object, but I delivered AV Hup Ri, compare Ewald; and spoiled, despoiled Gesenius Hitzig De Bae (but this only in Aramaic); < and oppressed (read וָאֶֽלְחְצָה) Krochm Dy Gratz Cheyne; (‖ גָּמַלְתִּי רַע).

חָלַץ²

verb equip for war (primary idea of strength, vigour, see Hiph., n. חֲלָצַיִם, and Assyrian ḫalṣu, fortification (Schr^{COT Gloss} Asrb. ^{Annals ii. 52}), compare ḫhilṣu, belt, Zehnpfund^{BAS i. 499}; Aramaic ܚܠܻܝܨ accinctus ad opus, strenuus, ܚܠܻܝܨܽܘܬܳܐ fortitudo, strenuitas, Gk. ἀνδρεία, > Gesenius' Thesaurus Rob Gesenius Siegfried-Stade who regard as = I. חלץ in sense strip for battle, expeditus)—

only participle (בינוני) passive חָלוּץ Numbers 32:21 + 7 times, construct חֲלוּץ Numbers 32:27; plural חֲלוּצִים Numbers 32:30 + 2 times, construct חֲלוּצֵי I Chronicles 12:24 + 3 times; חֲלֻצֵי Isaiah 15:4;—equipped:

as adjective Numbers 32:30, Numbers 32:32 Deuteronomy 3:18.

as noun singular coll. Numbers 32:21 (JE; see Niph. v Numbers 32:20) II Chronicles 20:21; II Chronicles 28:14, c. art. הֶח׳ Joshua 6:7, Joshua 6:9, Joshua 6:13; חֲלוּץ צָבָא Numbers 32:27 men equipped for war, so ח׳ הַמִּלְחָמָה Numbers 32:29; הֶחָ׳ לַצָּבָא I Chronicles 12:24 (v I Chronicles 12:23 van d. H.); plural חֲלוּצֵי צָבָא Numbers 31:5 I Chronicles 12:25 (v I Chronicles 12:24 Van d. H.) II Chronicles 17:18; ח׳ הַצּ׳ Joshua 4:13; note חֲלֻצֵי מוֹאָב Isaiah 15:4 warriors (equipped ones, Cheyne men-at-arms) of Moab.

future (עתיד) 2nd masculine plural תֵּחָֽלְצוּ Numbers 32:20, 1st plural נֵחָלֵץ Numbers 32:17; imperative (ציווי) הֵחָֽלְצוּ Numbers 31:3; be, or go equipped, followed by לִפְנֵי Numbers 32:17, Numbers 32:20 (both JE; see Qal participle (בינוני) v Numbers 32:21); followed by לַצָּבָא Numbers 31:3 (P; Niph. imperative (ציווי) here surprising with מֵאִתְּכֶם, see Dillmann).

future (עתיד) עַצְמֹתֶיךָ יַחֲלִיץ Isaiah 58:11 he (י׳) will brace up, invigorate, thy bones (Muhlau-Volck De Dillmann; Hup Cheyne crit. n. Duhm al. read יַחֲלִיף renew, rejuvenate).

חֶ֫לֶץ

n.pr.m. (vigour).

one of David’s heroes II Samuel 23:26, Septuagint Σελλης, A Ελλης, SeptuagintL Χαλλης; = I Chronicles 11:27 Septuagint Χελλης, SeptuagintL Ελλης; also I Chronicles 27:10 Septuagint Χεσλης, A SeptuagintL Χελλης (in both, Baer חֶלֶץ, van d. H. חֵלֶץ).

man of Judah I Chronicles 2:39 = חָ֑לֶץ v I Chronicles 2:39 Septuagint Χελλης SeptuagintL Αλλαν.

חָלַק

verb divide, share (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic חֲלַק field, חוּלְּקָא portion, ܚܠܰܩ divide, determine, decree; Arabic خَلَقَ measure, measure off; Assyrian eḳlu, possession, field, Jäger^{BAS ii. 296}; Ethiopic ኈለቈ: i. 2, is enumerate, ኍልቍ, ኊለቅ enumeration, number)—

past (עבר) ח׳ Deuteronomy 4:19 + 5 times; חָֽלְקוּ Joshua 18:2; future (עתיד) יַחֲלֹק Job 27:17 Proverbs 17:2; 2nd masculine singular with suffix וַתַּחְלְקֵם Nehemiah 9:22; 3rd plural וַיַּחְלְקוּ Joshua 14:5; יַחֲלֹ֑קוּ I Samuel 30:24; וַיַּחְלְקוּם I Chronicles 24:4, I Chronicles 24:5; תַּחְלְקוּ II Samuel 19:30; imperative (ציווי) חִלְקוּ Joshua 22:8; infinitive (מקור) לַחֲלֹק Nehemiah 13:13; participle (בינוני) חוֹלֵק Proverbs 29:24;—

divide, apportion, followed by direct object (of gods) and לְ person Deuteronomy 4:19; Deuteronomy 29:25; direct object not expressed Nehemiah 13:13 (ref. to offerings and tithes); with a direct object (of land) Joshua 14:5, Joshua 18:2, II Samuel 19:30: obj. people Nehemiah 9:22; ח׳ עִם divide with others Joshua 22:8.

assign, distribute: Levites over (על) temple II Chronicles 23:18, compare I Chronicles 24:4, I Chronicles 24:5.

assign, impart, followed by בַּבִּינָה & לְ Job 39:17.

share (in), followed by direct object silver Job 27:17; inheritance Proverbs 17:2; spoil I Samuel 30:24 (obj. om.); followed by עם have shares with ח׳ עם גַּנָּב Proverbs 29:24.

divide up = plunder the temple, followed by direct object II Chronicles 28:21 (see Be).

future (עתיד) יֵחָלֵק Numbers 26:55 I Kings 16:21; יֵחָ֫לֶק Job 38:24; וַיֵּחָלֵק Genesis 14:15; 3rd feminine singular תֵּחָלֵק Numbers 26:53; Numbers 26:56; וַיֶּֽחָלְקֵם (Baer) I Chronicles 23:6; I Chronicles 24:3 compare Be & below sub Pi.;—

reflex., divide oneself Genesis 14:15 (that is one’s men).

passive be divided:

apportioned, the land Numbers 26:53, Numbers 26:55 (by lot) v Numbers 26:56 (the same); all P.

of people, divided into two factions I Kings 16:21.

of light, parted, spread abroad Job 38:24.

trans. assign, distribute I Chronicles 23:6; I Chronicles 24:3, but trans. Niph. is unlikely, see below

past (עבר) 3rd plural חִלֵּקוּ Joel 4:2; וְחִלַּקְתֶּם consec. Ezekiel 47:21; with suffix חִלְּקָם Lamentations 4:16; 3rd feminine singular with suffix חִלְּקַ֫תָּה Isaiah 34:17; 2nd masculine singular with suffix וְחִלַּקְתָּם Exodus 5:1;—future (עתיד) יְחַלֵּק Genesis 49:27 + 4 times, etc.; probably read יְחַלְּקֵם I Chronicles 23:6; I Chronicles 24:3 (see above Niph.), etc.; imperative (ציווי) חַלֵּק Joshua 13:7; infinitive (מקור) חַלֵּק Joshua 19:51 Proverbs 16:19; with suffix חַלְּקָם Isaiah 9:2—

divide, apportion: food, at festival II Samuel 6:19, followed by direct object & לְ = I Chronicles 16:3, garments Psalms 22:19, sorrows Job 21:17 (no לְ); give a portion to, followed by לְ (no direct object expr.) Isaiah 53:12; a land Joel 4:2 (no ind. obj.) Joshua 19:51, also Micah 2:4, Psalms 60:8 = Psalms 108:8, Daniel 11:39; followed by direct object & לְ Joshua 13:7; Joshua 18:10 I Kings 18:6 Isaiah 34:17 Ezekiel 47:21; divide hair (symbol.) Ezekiel 5:1; divide spoil (שָׁלָל) Isaiah 9:2 Proverbs 16:19 Genesis 49:27 (poem), Exodus 15:9 (song); Judges 5:30 Psalms 68:13 Isaiah 53:12.

assign, distribute: Levites to their service, probably I Chronicles 23:6; I Chronicles 24:3 (see above)

scatter, followed by direct object Genesis 49:7 (poem) (‖ הפיץ), Lamentations 4:16.

past (עבר) חֻלַּק Isaiah 33:23; וְחֻלַּק consec. Zechariah 14:1; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תְּחֻלָּ֑ק Amos 7:17; be divided, of land Amos 7:17; spoil Isaiah 33:23 Zechariah 14:1.

past (עבר) וְהִתְחַלְּקוּ consec. Joshua 18:5 divide (land) among themselves.

infinitive (מקור) לַחֲלִק Jeremiah 37:12; to receive a portion (denom. from חֵלֶק), but doubtful

חֵ֫לֶק

noun (masc.) ^{Joshua 18:5} portion, tract, territory—ח׳ absolute Genesis 31:14 +; construct Genesis 14:24 +; with suffix חֶלְקִי Psalms 16:5 + 6 times; חֶלְקְךָ Numbers 18:20 Ecclesiastes 9:9; חֶלְקֶ֑ךָ Psalms 50:18; חֶלְקֵךְ Isaiah 57:6; חֶלְקוֹ Habakkuk 1:16 + 5 times; חֶלְקָם Genesis 14:24 + 3 times; plural חֲלָקִים Joshua 18:5 + 5 times; with suffix חֶלְקֵיהֶם Hosea 5:7;—

portion, share:

of booty Genesis 14:24^(×2) Numbers 31:36 I Samuel 30:24^(×2).

of food Leviticus 6:10; ח׳ כּח׳ יאכלו Deuteronomy 18:8; = food Habakkuk 1:16 (‖ מַאֲכָל); so (of unrestricted charity) Ecclesiastes 11:2 see Nowack.

followed by בְּ, share or interest in Ecclesiastes 9:6, with idea of obligation to Genesis 31:14 (E; in father’s house), II Samuel 20:1 = I Kings 12:16 = II Chronicles 10:16 (in royal line; all ‖ נַחֲלָה); of right (privilege) in ח׳ ביהוה Joshua 22:25, Joshua 22:27; Nehemiah 2:20 (in Jerus.; + צְדָקָה וְזִכָּרוֹן).

proper share or part אַעֲנֶה חֶלְקִי Job 32:17 that is I will do my part in replying. Especially

portion, tract, of land:

as distrib. at conquest Joshua 19:9, seven portions Joshua 18:5, Joshua 18:6, Joshua 18:9 (all JE) v Joshua 18:7 (JE; + נחלה in ‖ cl.), Joshua 15:13; Joshua 19:9 (both P); none for tribe of Levi Deuteronomy 10:9; Deuteronomy 12:12; Deuteronomy 14:27, Deuteronomy 14:29; Deuteronomy 18:1 Joshua 18:7 (all D; ‖ נחלה), Joshua 14:4, none for priests Numbers 18:20 (P; ‖ verb נחל).

of land possessed by people Hosea 5:7 Micah 2:4.

portion to be assigned after exile Isaiah 61:7 Ezekiel 45:7; Ezekiel 48:8, Ezekiel 48:21, חֶלְקוֹ עַל־אַדְמַת הַקֹּרֶשׁ Zechariah 2:16.

specif. of town-land, district about a town, ח׳ יִזְרְעֵאל II Kings 9:10, II Kings 9:36 + I Kings 21:23 (Masoretic Text חֵל), הַשָּדֶה בְּח׳ יִזְ׳ II Kings 9:37.

הַחֵלֶק Amos 7:4 (opposite תְּהוֹם) appar. of land of Isr.

hence portion, that is (acquired) possession:

of people as י׳’s possession Deuteronomy 32:9 (‖ חֶבֶל נחלתו); but especially

of י׳ as possession of his servants: of priests, as enjoying perquisites of altar Numbers 18:20 (P; ‖ נחלה), in spiritual sense Psalms 73:26; Psalms 119:57; Lamentations 3:24; י׳ מְנָת חֶלְקִי Psalms 16:5; ח׳ בְּאֶרֶץ הַחַיִּים Psalms 142:6; hence ח׳ יעקב of י׳ Jeremiah 10:16 = Jeremiah 51:19 (שֵׁבֶט נַחֲלָתוֹ in ‖ cl.)

chosen portion, habitual mode of life עִם־מְנָאֲפִים ח׳ Psalms 50:18 with adulterers is thy chosen life (companionship, shewing character); בְּחַלְּקֵי־נַחַל חֶלְקֵךְ Isaiah 57:6 among smooth (things that is stones) of a brook-bed is thy chosen life (of idolatrous habit; see חָלָק); חֶלְקָם בַּחַיִּים Psalms 17:14.

portion, award, from God ח׳ אֱלוֹהַּ Job 31:2 (‖ נחלה); specif. of punishment of wicked Isaiah 17:14 (‖ גּוֹרָל), עִם־אֵל Job 27:13, מֵאֱלֹהִים Job 20:29 (‖ נחלה); = profit, reward, חֶלְקִי מִכָּל־עֲמָלִי Ecclesiastes 2:10, compare v Ecclesiastes 2:21; Ecclesiastes 3:22 Ecclesiastes 5:17, Ecclesiastes 5:18; Ecclesiastes 9:9.—לְחֵלֶק Job 17:5 is doubtful: a share of feast, or of booty, Kmp Hitzig; a prey, spoil, Ewald Dillmann Davidson; AV flattery does not suit context.

חֵ֫לֶק²

n.pr.m. (portion) a Gileadite Numbers 26:30; Joshua 17:2. Septuagint Χελεγ, (κ), Κελεζ, etc.; SeptuagintL Joshua 17:2 Ελεκ.

חֶלְקָה

noun (fem.) portion of ground;—absolute ח׳ Amos 4:7^(×2) + 8 times; construct חֶלְקַת Genesis 33:19 + 12 times; with suffix חֶלְקָתִי Jeremiah 12:10; חֶלְקָתָם Job 24:18; portion of ground,

especially

ח׳ הַשָּׂדֶה = the clearly divided field Genesis 33:19 Joshua 24:32 (both E), II Samuel 23:11, Ruth 2:3; Ruth 4:3, II Kings 9:25, I Chronicles 11:13. Also

without השׂדה Amos 4:7^(×2), II Samuel 14:30;^(×2), II Samuel 14:31; II Samuel 23:12; II Kings 3:19, II Kings 3:25; II Kings 9:21, II Kings 9:26^(×2) I Chronicles 11:14 Job 24:18; of י׳’s land Jeremiah 12:10^(×2) (‖ כַּרְמִי); compare also n.pr.location חלקת הַצֻּרִים II Samuel 2:16 field of sword-edges (Driver). Septuagint Ewald^{G iii. 156, Eng. tr. 114} Wellhausen read ח׳ הַצֹּדִים field of plotters or liers-in-wait (see Driver).

portion of ground assigned to one, ח׳ מחקק Deuteronomy 33:21 commander’s portion.

חֶלְקָ֑י

n.pr.m. priest, time of Joiakim son of Jeshua, Nehemiah 12:15 (perhaps abbrev. for חלקיהו, (q.see), SeptuagintL Χελκιας (B om.)

חֶלְקַת הַצֻּרִים

n.pr.location a place near pool of Gibeon where Ishbosheth’s men were killed by Dvd.’s men under Joab II Samuel 2:16, Septuagint Μέρις τῶν ἐπιβούλων; on meaning of name see i חֶלְקָה above

חִלְקִיָּהוּ

n.pr.m. (my portion is י׳) Septuagint usually Χελκ(ε)ιας, Χελχιας;—

father of Eliakim, Hezekiah’s officer, חלקיהו II Kings 18:18, II Kings 18:26; Isaiah 22:20; Isaiah 36:3, Isaiah 36:22; חלקיה II Kings 18:37.

high priest, Josiah’s time, חלקיהו II Kings 22:4, II Kings 22:8, II Kings 22:14; II Kings 23:4, II Kings 23:24; II Chronicles 34:9, II Chronicles 34:14, II Chronicles 34:15^(×2), II Chronicles 34:18, II Chronicles 34:20, II Chronicles 34:22; חלקיה II Kings 22:8, II Kings 22:10, II Kings 22:12 I Chronicles 5:39^(×2) I Chronicles 9:11; II Chronicles 35:8; Ezra 7:1, compare also Nehemiah 11:11.

חלקיהו father of Jerem. Jeremiah 1:1.—The following are all חלקיה:

Levites:

I Chronicles 6:30.

I Chronicles 26:11.

a priest, contemp. of Ezra Nehemiah 4:8; Nehemiah 12:7, Nehemiah 12:21.

father of Gemariah, an ambassador of Zedekiah to Nebuchadrezzar Jeremiah 29:3.

חָלַק²

verb be smooth, slippery (Mishnaic Hebrew adjective חָלָק smooth, empty, Arabic خَلَقَ make smooth, lie, forge, fabricate)—

past (עבר) ח׳ Hosea 10:2; 3rd masculine plural חָֽלְקוּ Psalms 55:22;—smooth, slippery, only figuratively: Hosea 10:2 of heart of faithless Isr. (so Ewald Ke Wü Nowack RVm), Wellhausen false; > Vrss (not Septuagint) Hitzig St who read חֻלַּק, divided is their heart; Septuagint ἐμέρισαν; of words, smooth Psalms 55:22 that is deceptive (‖ רַכּוּ דְבָרָיו מִשֶּׁמֶן).

past (עבר) הֶחֱלִיק Psalms 36:3, הֶחֱלִיקָה Proverbs 2:16; Proverbs 7:5; future (עתיד) יַחֲלִיקוּן Psalms 5:10; participle (בינוני) מַחֲלִיק Proverbs 28:23 + 2 times; make smooth:

literally of idol-maker Isaiah 41:7 with a direct object instr. פַּטִּישׁ hammer.

figuratively the tongue, that is flatter with it Psalms 5:10; Proverbs 28:23, words, Proverbs 2:16; Proverbs 7:5 אֲמָרֶיהָ הֶחֱלִיקָה; absolute deal smoothy, followed by אֶל־ Psalms 36:3, עַל Proverbs 29:5.

חֵ֫לֶק³

n.[m.] smoothness, seductiveness of speech, only singular construct בְּחֵלֶק שְׂפָתֶיהָ תַּדִּיחֶ֑נּוּ Proverbs 7:21 with the seductiveness of her lips she impelleth him (‖ הִטַּתּוּ בְּרֹב לִקְחָהּ).—i. and ii. חֵלֶק see sub I. חלק.

חָלָק

adjective smooth—

literally אִישׁ חָלָק Genesis 27:11, smooth man (opposite אישׁ שָׂעִר); הָהָר הֶחָלָק Joshua 11:17; Joshua 12:7 the bald mt. (both D); southern limit of Jos.’s conquest, identif. doubtful; (1) white cliffs 8 m. S. of Dead Sea, and (2) Mt. Mâdara SW. from Pass es-Ṣafâ are proposed, see Dillmann.; as noun חַלְּקֵי־נַחַל Isaiah 57:6 (see i. חֵלָק, 4) smooth (stones) of a brook-bed (ravine, wady), that is thou worshippest common round stones (contempt., see Cheyne Dillmann).

figuratively of mouth uttering smooth words וְחָלָק מִשֶּׁמֶן חִכָּהּ Proverbs 5:3 compare Proverbs 26:28.

as noun = flattery מִקְסַם חָלָק Ezekiel 12:24 divination of flattery or of a flatterer.

חֶלְקָה²

noun (fem.) smooth part, smoothness, flattery;—construct חֶלְקַת Genesis 27:16; Proverbs 6:24; plural חֲלָקוֹת Psalms 12:3 + 3 times;—

smoothness, smooth part חֶלְקַת צַוָּארָיו Genesis 27:16.

plural slippery places Psalms 73:18 figuratively of situation of wicked.

smoothness = flattery שְׂפַת ח׳ Psalms 12:3, compare v Psalms 12:4; חֶלְקַת לָשׁוֹן Proverbs 6:24; = noun plural smooth things, that is agreeable, flattering things Isaiah 30:10.—i. חֶלְקָה see sub I. חלק.

חַלֻּק

adjective smooth, only plural construct חַלֻּקֵי אֲבָנִים I Samuel 17:40 smooth ones of (among) stones = smooth (or smoothest?) stones Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) §§ 132 P 2. 133, 3 Driver^Smend.

חֲלוּשָׁה

noun (fem.) weakness prostration, אֵין קוֹל עֲנוֹת ח׳ Exodus 32:18 it is not the sound of the answering of weakness (JE; opposite גְּבוּרָה).

חָם

n.pr.personm. and location (compare Sab. חם Hal²⁴³)—Septuagint Χαμ:—

Ham, 2nd son of Noah Genesis 5:32; Genesis 6:10; Genesis 7:13; Genesis 9:18^(×2) I Chronicles 1:4; called father of Canaan Genesis 9:22 and of various peoples Genesis 10:1, Genesis 10:6, Genesis 10:20 I Chronicles 1:8, compare מִן־חָם הַיֹּשְׁבִים שָׁם I Chronicles 4:40; these peoples were inhabitants of southern lands, or related historically or politically to such inhabitants; see כּוּשׁ, כְּנַעַן, מִצְרַיִם, פּוּט, etc.

in late ψψ a name (coll.) for Egyptians:—אָֽהֳלֵי־ח׳ Psalms 78:51; אֶרֶץ־ח׳ Psalms 105:23, Psalms 105:27; Psalms 106:22 (all ‖ מִצְרַיִם, exc. Psalms 105:27).—On historical significance, and attempts at etymol. see Dillmann ^{Gen. ed. 6, chap. 10, especially pp. 165, 168 f.}, Hom ^{SV i. 427} Budde^{Urg. 323} Wiedemann^{Ägypt. Gesch. i. 22}.

חָם²

husband’s father, see חמה.

חַם

adjective warm, hot, see sub חמם.

חֹם

see sub חמם.

חֶמְאָה

noun (fem.) curd;—ח׳ Genesis 18:8 + 6 times; = חֵמָה Job 29:6; construct חֶמְאַח Deuteronomy 32:14; curd, curdled milk, mod. leben on mode of making lebben, by shaking milk in sour milk-skin, see Doughty^{Arabic Des. i. 221, 263; ii. 304, etc.} Thomson ^{Land and Book ii. 418}. See also ARSK^{Ency. Bib. Milk}. מִיץ חָלָב יוֹצִיא ח׳ Proverbs 30:33, elsewhere joined with חָלָב Genesis 18:8 Deuteronomy 32:14 (poem; חֶמְאַת בָּקָר וַחֲלֵב צֹאן), Judges 5:25 (where served בְּסֵפֶל אַדִּירִים, see ספל); with דְּבַשׁ II Samuel 17:29 Isaiah 7:15, Isaiah 7:22^(×2); compare נַחֲלֵי דבשׁ וח׳ figuratively of abundance Job 20:17; בִּרְחֹץ הֲלִיכַי בְּחֵמָ֑ה Job 29:6 (‖ צוּר יָצוּק פַּלְגֵי־שָֽׁמֶן׃). מַחֲמָאֹת.

חמָא

see חֵמָה sub יחם.

חֶ֫מֶד

n.[m.] desire, delight—absolute ח׳ Amos 5:11 + 4 times; only after a construct; כַּרְמֵי־ח׳ נְטַעְתֶּם Amos 5:11 vineyards of desire (that is delightful vineyards) have ye planted; so read also Isaiah 27:2 (for Masoretic Text כֶּרֶם חֶמֶר) Codd. ℌ Septuagint van d. H. Lo Hitzig Ewald De Dillmann Cheyne Duhm; so of fields שְׂדֵי ח׳ Isaiah 32:12; elsewhere of young men בַּחוּרֵי ח׳ Ezekiel 23:6, Ezekiel 23:12, Ezekiel 23:23 desirable young men = fine, attractive, young men.

חֶמְדָּה

noun (fem.) the same—ח׳ Hosea 13:15 + 8 times; construct חֶמְדַּת I Samuel 9:20 + 3 times; with suffix חֶמְדָּתִי Jeremiah 12:10; חֶמְדָּתֵךְ Ezekiel 26:12; חֶמְדָּתָם Daniel 11:8;—desire of Israel I Samuel 9:20 followed by לְ before obj. of desire; בְּלֹא ח׳ = without desire II Chronicles 21:20 (that is he lived as no one desired), see Öt Septuagint (not SeptuagintL) Vulgate; concrete: כל־ח׳ ישׂראל I Samuel 9:20 and for whom is all that is desirable in Isr.? so Septuagint Vulgate RV Driver; (> AV and on whom is all the desire of Isr.?); compare ובאו ח׳ כל־הגוים Haggai 2:7 (that is the desirable, precious things of all nations); elsewhere after construct as חֶמֶד; especially כלי ח׳ Hosea 13:15; Nahum 2:10; Jeremiah 25:34; II Chronicles 32:27; II Chronicles 36:10; Daniel 11:8; שְׂכִיּוֹת ח׳ Isaiah 2:16, אֶרֶץ ח׳ Psalms 106:24; Jeremiah 3:19; Zechariah 7:14, compare חֶלְקַת ח׳ Jeremiah 12:10; בתי ח׳ Ezekiel 26:12; ח׳ נשׁים Daniel 11:37, appar. ref. to some obj. of idolatrous worship, perhaps Adonis = Tammuz Ewald Bev (Astarte, Meinh).

חֶמְדָּן

n.pr.m. an Edomite Genesis 36:26 Septuagint Αμαδα = חַמְרָן I Chronicles 1:41 (Septuagint Εμερων, SeptuagintL Αμαδαμ).

חָם³

noun (masc.) husband’s father (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, of husband’s or wife’s father, so Aramaic חֲמָא; Arabic حَمٌّ husband’s male relation (father, brother, paternal uncle), but also wife’s father, etc.; Ethiopic ሐም Assyrian emu, Zim^{BP 48});—only with suffix חָמִ֫יךָ Genesis 38:13, Genesis 38:25, of Judah as Tamar’s father-in-law; חָמִ֫יהָ I Samuel 4:19, I Samuel 4:21 of Eli, father-in-law of Phinehas’ wife.

חוֹמָה²

noun (fem.) wall (as protection; construct חמת MI^21.21)—absolute ח׳ Leviticus 25:29 + 59 times (incl. לְהַחוֹמָה Nehemiah 12:38); חֹמָה Exodus 14:29 + 8 times; construct חוֹמַת Joshua 6:5 + 28 times; with suffix חוֹמָתָהּ Nahum 2:6; Nahum 3:8; plural absolute חוֹמוֹת II Chronicles 8:5; Isaiah 26:1; חֹמוֹת Song of Songs 5:7; construct חוֹמוֹת Psalms 51:20; חוֹמֹת II Kings 25:10 + 9 times; with suffix חוֹמֹתַי Isaiah 56:5; חֹמֹתֶיךָ Deuteronomy 28:52; Isaiah 25:12; חוֹמוֹתַיִךְ Ezekiel 26:10, Ezekiel 26:12; Ezekiel 27:11^(×2); חוֹמֹתַיִךְ Isaiah 49:16 + 2 times; חֹמֹתַיִךְ Isaiah 60:10; חֹמוֹתָ֑יִךְ Ezekiel 26:9; חוֹמוֹתֶיהָ Jeremiah 50:15; חוֹמֹתֶיהָ Psalms 55:11; Jeremiah 1:15; dual חוֹמֹתַיִם Isaiah 22:11; חֹמֹתַיִם II Kings 25:4 = Jeremiah 52:7; חֹמֹתָ֑ים Jeremiah 39:4 (see Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 113 a Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 87 s);—

usually term for wall of city Deuteronomy 28:52; Joshua 2:15; Joshua 6:5, Joshua 6:20 (all JE), I Samuel 31:10, I Samuel 31:12; II Samuel 11:20, II Samuel 11:21^(×2) II Kings 18:26, II Kings 18:27 = Isaiah 36:11, Isaiah 36:12, Amos 1:7, Amos 1:10, Amos 1:14; Isaiah 2:15; Isaiah 22:10, Isaiah 22:11; Isaiah 25:12; Nahum 2:6; Nahum 3:8; Ezekiel 26:9 +, Jeremiah 1:15 +, Joel 2:7, Joel 2:9; בֵּין הַחֹמֹתַיִם (of Jerus.) that is between the two walls of the Ophel and the SW. hill respectively, of a reservoir Isaiah 22:11, a gate II Kings 25:4 = Jeremiah 34:4 = Jeremiah 52:7; symbol of Isr.; Amos 7:7; II Chronicles 8:5; II Chronicles 14:6; II Chronicles 25:23; II Chronicles 26:6^(×3) Psalms 51:20; Nehemiah 1:3 + 31 times in Ne; חוֹמַת אֲנָךְ Amos 7:7 (literally wall of a plummet) is of doubtful meaning: a wall built plumb, or by means of a plumb-line? Wellhausen thinks unintelligible; עִיר חוֹמָה = walled city, Leviticus 25:29, עִיר אשׁר לֹא ה׳ v Leviticus 25:30 (לֹא = לוֹ), opposite הַחֲצֵרִים אשׁר אין להם ח׳ v Leviticus 25:31 (all H); more elaborately עָרִים בְּצֻרֹת ח׳ גְבֹהָה דְּלָתַיִם וּבְרִ֑יחַ Deuteronomy 3:5, compare II Chronicles 8:5; ע׳ גְּדֹלוֹת חוֹמָה וּבְרִיחַ נְחֹשֶׁת I Kings 4:13; ח׳ בְצוּרָה Isaiah 2:15; ח׳ singular of wall of Jerus. I Kings 3:1 + often; contempt. חוֹמַת אַבְנֵיהֶם Nehemiah 3:35; less often plural Nehemiah 2:13 +; of specific portions of wall ח׳ הָעֹפֶל II Chronicles 27:3; Nehemiah 3:27; ח׳ בְּרֵכַת הַשֶּׁלַה Nehemiah 3:15; הַח׳ הָֽרְחָבָה Nehemiah 3:8; Nehemiah 12:38; also (generally) of Babylon Jeremiah 51:58.—Men build, בנה, the ח׳ I Kings 9:15 +, especially (of rebuilding), Nehemiah 2:17 +; fortify it בִּצֵּר Isaiah 22:10; it is joined together קשׁר Nehemiah 3:38; is repaired עָֽלְתָה אֲרוּכָה לְח׳ Nehemiah 4:1; it falls נפל Joshua 6:5, Joshua 6:20; I Kings 20:30; Ezekiel 38:20; the enemy makes it fall הִפִּיל II Samuel 20:15 (preceded by מַשְׁחִית si vera l., see Driver); destroys it הִשְׁחִית Lamentations 2:8; שִׁחֵת Ezekiel 26:4; makes a breach in it פָּרַץ בּ׳ II Kings 14:13 = II Chronicles 25:23, compare פרץ with a direct object II Chronicles 26:6; Nehemiah 3:35, and וַיִּבֶן אֶת־בל־הח׳ הַפְּרוּצָה II Chronicles 32:5; also (in sim.) עִיר פְּרוּצָה ואין ח׳ Proverbs 25:28; and Pu. pt. מְפֹרָ֑צֶת Nehemiah 1:3; one breaks it down נָתַץ II Kings 25:10; II Chronicles 36:19; Jeremiah 39:8; Jeremiah 52:14; tears it down הָרַס Ezekiel 26:12, compare passive Jeremiah 50:15; Amos predicts that י׳ will send fire into wall (of Gaza, etc.): וְשִׁלַּחְתִּי אֵשׁ בְּח׳ Amos 1:7, Amos 1:10; or kindle fire in וְהִצַּתִּי אֵשׁ בְּח׳ v Amos 1:14, so Jeremiah 49:27.

wall of a building:

citadel, fortress ח׳ ארמנותיה Lamentations 2:7.

surrounding new temple Ezekiel 40:5; Ezekiel 42:20.

figuratively of waters of Red Sea Exodus 14:22, Exodus 14:29, compare Nahum 3:8; of David’s men as protectors of Nabal’s shepherds I Samuel 25:16; of prophet as object of assault חוֹמַת נְחשֶׁת Jeremiah 1:18; ח׳ נחשׁת בְּצוּרָה Jeremiah 15:20; of strong, virtuous woman Song of Songs 8:9, Song of Songs 8:10; of salvation, יְשׁוּעָה, as defence Isaiah 26:1 (‖ חֵל); of י׳ himself ח׳ אֵשׁ Zechariah 2:9; a dangerous polit. scheme is called breach in ח׳ נִשְׂגָּבָה Isaiah 30:13; ח׳ נִשְׂגָּבָה in sim. of wealth Proverbs 18:11 (‖ קִרְיַת עֻזּוֹ); a reckless man is עִיר פְּרוּצָה אֵין ח׳ Proverbs 25:28.

חֲמוּטַל

Qr, חמיטל Kt, n.pr.f. (meaning doubtful; perhaps, if Kt right, my husband’s father is the dew, compare אֲבִיטַל)—Septuagint Αμειται, Μιτατ; A Αμιταλ, Αμιταθ; SeptuagintL Αμιταλ;—mother of the kings Jehoahaz and Zedekiah, sons of Josiah II Kings 23:31; II Kings 24:18 Qr (Kt חמיטל) = Jeremiah 52:1 Qr (Kt the same)

חֵמָה

wrath, see sub יחם; חֵמָה Job 29:6, see חֶמְאָה; חַמָּה, חַמָּן, חַמּוֹן, חַמַּת see sub חמם.

חַמּוּאֵל

n.pr.m. see sub חמם.

חֲמִיטַל

see חמוטל above

חָמַל

verb spare (Arabic حَمَلَ is bear, become responsible; Aramaic ܚܡܰܠ comportavit, congessit);—

past (עבר) ח׳ I Samuel 15:15 + 3 times; חָמָ֑ל II Samuel 12:6; Lamentations 2:17; חָמָ֑לְתָּ Lamentations 2:21; Lamentations 3:43; וְחָמַלְתִּ֫י Malachi 3:17; future (עתיד) יַחְמֹל Job 16:13 + 6 times; יַחְמוֹל Job 6:10 + 3 times; וַיַּחְמֹל I Samuel 15:9 + 3 times; 3rd feminine singular וַתַּחְמֹל Exodus 2:6; 2nd masculine singular תַּחְמֹל Deuteronomy 13:9 I Samuel 15:3; אֶחְמֹל Ezekiel 8:18; Ezekiel 9:10; אֶחְמוֹל Jeremiah 13:14 + 4 times; וָאֶחְמֹל Ezekiel 36:21; יַחְמֹ֑לוּ Isaiah 9:18; תַּחְמְלוּ Jeremiah 50:14; Jeremiah 51:3; תַּחְמֹ֑לוּ Ezekiel 9:5; infinitive (מקור) construct חֻמְלָה Ezekiel 16:5 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 45. 1. b);—spare, have compassion, c. על Exodus 2:6, I Samuel 15:3, I Samuel 15:9, I Samuel 15:15; I Samuel 23:21; II Samuel 21:7; II Chronicles 36:15, II Chronicles 36:17; Jeremiah 15:5; Ezekiel 16:5; Ezekiel 36:21; Job 20:13; Zechariah 11:5, Zechariah 11:6; Malachi 3:17^(×2) Joel 2:18; Deuteronomy 13:9 (‖ חוס followed by על), Jeremiah 21:7 (‖ חוס followed by על + רתם), Ezekiel 9:10 (‖ חוס followed by על according to Peshitta Targum Co); followed by אֶל־ Jeremiah 51:3; Isaiah 9:18; note poet. אַל־תַּחְ׳ אֶל־חֵץ = spare no arrow Jeremiah 50:14; followed by infinitive (מקור) II Samuel 12:4; absolute II Samuel 12:6; Isaiah 30:14; Lamentations 2:17, Lamentations 2:21, also v Lamentations 2:2 where appar. followed by direct object, Lamentations 3:43; Job 6:10; Job 16:13; Job 27:22; Proverbs 6:34; Habakkuk 1:17; ‖ חוס Ezekiel 5:11; Ezekiel 7:4 (del. Co as doubl. of v Ezekiel 7:9), Ezekiel 7:9; Ezekiel 8:18; Ezekiel 9:5; Jeremiah 13:14 (‖ אחוס and ארחם).

חֻמְלָה

see חמל infinitive (מקור)

חָמַם

verb be or become warm (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Pi., make warm, Aramaic ܚܰܡ, חֲמַם be warm; Arabic حَمَّ become hot, of water; also heat, kindle fire in)—

past (עבר) חַם Psalms 39:4; Exodus 16:21; וְחַם consec. I Kings 1:2; Ecclesiastes 4:11; חַמּוֹתִ֫י Isaiah 44:16; future (עתיד) יָחֹם Isaiah 44:16; וַיָּ֫חָם II Kings 4:34; Isaiah 44:15; יִחַם (יֵ K³) I Kings 1:1; יֵחַם Deuteronomy 19:6; יֵחָ֑ם Ecclesiastes 4:11; 3rd feminine singular תֵּחַם Ezekiel 24:11; יֵחַמּוּ Hosea 7:7; וַיֶּחֱמוּ Genesis 30:29; וַיֵּחַמְנָה v Genesis 30:38 (last seven forms could be also from יחם q.see; but no decisive evidence that this √ is used in Qal; they are placed under חמם by Gesenius' Thesaurus Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 193 a Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 243 b; see also Konig^{i. 365, 417 ff.}, who on account of יחם Pi. infinitive (מקור) Genesis 30:41; Genesis 31:10, der. last two, needlessly, from יחם); infinitive (מקור) לַחְמָם Isaiah 47:14, compare Job 30:4 (where, however, ל׳ is from לֶחֶם Mich Dillmann unles (Luzz Cheyne) we read לְחַמֵּם Pi. infinitive (מקור) in both); חֹם I Samuel 11:9; Haggai 1:6; Nehemiah 7:3; with suffix חֻמּוֹ Job 6:17; חֻמָּם Jeremiah 51:39;—

literally, be or grow warm Exodus 16:21 (P; subj. שֶׁמֶשׁ), compare I Samuel 11:9; Nehemiah 7:3 and Job 6:17 (with suffix of impers. subj.); from fire Isaiah 44:15, Isaiah 44:16^(×2) Isaiah 47:14 (compare above); natural heat I Kings 1:1, I Kings 1:2 (by personal contact), so II Kings 4:34; Ecclesiastes 4:11^(×2), from clothing Haggai 1:6; of Jerusalem under figuratively of pot or caldron Ezekiel 24:11.

figuratively, subj. לִבִּי Psalms 39:4 (‖ בַּהֲגִיגִי תִבְעַר־אֵשׁ), compare Deuteronomy 19:6; of conspirators Hosea 7:7; Chaldeans Jeremiah 51:39.

of heat in conception (animals) Genesis 30:38, Genesis 30:39 (compare יחם).

participle (בינוני) נֵחָמִים באלים Isaiah 57:5 (Konig^i.371), inflame oneself with, of idolatry.

future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תְּחַמֵּם Job 39:14 keep eggs warm (of ostrich).

future (עתיד) יִתְחַמָּם warm oneself Job 31:20 מִגֵּז כְּבָשִׂים by means of fleece of sheep.

חֹם²

noun (masc.)^{Jeremiah 17:8} heat;—חֹם absolute Genesis 8:22 + 3 times + I Samuel 21:7 (see infrom); construct Genesis 18:1 + 3 times; of heat of (mid-)day חֹם היום Genesis 18:1, I Samuel 11:11; II Samuel 4:5; in promise of regular seasons Genesis 8:22 (opposite קֹר); compare Isaiah 18:4^(×2) (ח׳ קָצִיר); but as dangerous to plant-life Jeremiah 17:8; it melts snow Job 24:19; לֶחֶם חֹם I Samuel 21:7 bread of heat = hot bread, read perhaps ל׳ חָם (as Joshua 9:12).

חַם²

adjective hot;—לחם חָ֞ם Joshua 9:12 hot bread, that is freshly baked; בגדים חַמִּים Job 37:17 of garments heated by south wind.—1. חָם see above p. 325. 2. חָם see sub חמה.

חַמָּה

noun (fem.) heat, sun (poet.)—חַמָּה Isaiah 24:23 + 4 times; חַמָּתוֹ Psalms 19:7;—

heat of sun Psalms 19:7.

= sun Job 30:28; ‖ לְבָנָה moon Isaiah 24:23; Isaiah 30:26^(×2) Song of Songs 6:10.

חַמּוֹן

n.pr.location (hot spring?)—

town in Asher Joshua 19:28.

in Naphtali I Chronicles 6:61 (perhaps = 1. חַמַּת, חַמַּת דֹּאר, see Be and Dillmann Joshua 19:35).

חַמֹּת דֹּאר

n.pr.location in Naphtali, Levitical city Joshua 21:32 (perhaps = 1. חַמַּת, חַמּוֹן 2 see Dillmann), Septuagint Νεμμαθ, A Εμαθδωρ, SeptuagintL Αμαθδωρ.

חַמּוּאֵל²

n.pr.m. (meaning? comp. Sab. חמא[ל] Hal²¹⁵)—a Simeonite I Chronicles 4:26 SeptuagintL Αμουηλ.

חָמַס

verb treat violenty, wrong (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, act violently, treat violently; Aramaic חֲמַס (rare) violently seize; Arabic حَمِسَ is be hard, strict, rigorous)—

past (עבר) 3rd plural חָֽמְסוּ Ezekiel 22:26; Zephaniah 3:4; future (עתיד) יַחְמֹס Job 15:33, וַיַּחְמֹם Lamentations 2:6; תַּחְמֹ֑סוּ Job 21:27; Jeremiah 22:3; participle (בינוני) חֹמֵס Proverbs 8:36;—treat violently, wrong;—

of physical wrong: תַּחְ׳ Jeremiah 22:3 (‖ תֹּנוּ) of wrong to widows and orphans; וַיַּח׳ כַּגַּן שֻׂכּוֹ Lamentations 2:6 and hath done violence to his pavilion as to a garden (‖ שִׁחֵת מֹעֲדוֹ); so, figuratively, of vine, wrong, that is fail to nourish, kill יַח׳ כַּגֶּפֶן בִּסְרוֹ Job 15:33.

of ethical wrong, obj. תּוֹרָה Zephaniah 3:4; Ezekiel 22:26 (both ‖ חִלֵּל קֹדֶשׁ); compare מְזִמּוֹת עָלַי תַּחְמֹ֑סוּ Job 21:27 the devices (wherewith) ye do me violence.

both physical and ethical חֹטְאִי חֹמֵס נַפְשׁוֹ Proverbs 8:36.

past (עבר) 3rd plural נֶחְמְסוּ Jeremiah 13:22 thy heels suffer violence (‖ נִגְלוּ שׁוּלַיִךְ).

חָמָס

noun (masc.) ^{Psalms 7:17} violence, wrong—absolute ח׳ Genesis 6:11 + 44 times; construct חֲמַס Judges 9:24 + 7 times; with suffix חֲמָסִי Genesis 16:5; Jeremiah 51:35 (in both = wrong done to me); חֲמָסוֹ Psalms 7:17; plural חֲמָסִים II Samuel 22:49 + 3 times;—violence specif. of physical violence Judges 9:24; II Samuel 22:3 (not ‖ Psalms 18:3), Ob¹⁰, Habakkuk 1:9; Jeremiah 51:35 (of Chaldeans), Habakkuk 2:8, Habakkuk 2:17^(×2) Joel 4:19 Psalms 72:14; but also wrong, incl. injurious language, harsh treatment, etc. Genesis 16:5 (J, of wrong done to Sarah by Hagar), Job 19:7 Malachi 2:16; in generally of rude wickedness of men, their noisy, wild, ruthlessness Micah 6:12 Habakkuk 1:2; Zephaniah 1:9 Proverbs 10:6, Proverbs 10:11; Proverbs 13:2; Proverbs 26:6 + Ezekiel 7:11 (si vera l., see Co), ‖ שֹׁד Amos 3:10; Habakkuk 1:3; Jeremiah 6:7; Jeremiah 20:8; Ezekiel 45:9; Isaiah 60:18, ‖ רִיב Psalms 55:10, ‖ עָמָל Psalms 7:17, ‖ גַּאֲוָה Psalms 73:6, אֹהֵב ח׳ Psalms 11:5 (‖ רָשָׁע), denied, of servant of י׳ Isaiah 53:9, ח׳ בארץ Jeremiah 51:46, compare Genesis 6:11, Genesis 6:13, Ezekiel 8:17; Ezekiel 12:19; מָֽלְאוּ מַחֲשַׁכֵּי־אֶרֶץ נְאוֹת ח׳ Psalms 74:20, הָעִיר מָֽלְאָה ח׳ Ezekiel 7:23; Ezekiel 28:16, שֶׁבֶת ח׳ Amos 6:3 is (probably) enthronement of violence; כְּלֵי ח׳ Genesis 49:5 (poem) instruments, weapons, of violence;—other phrases are: ח׳ בְּיָדַיִם Jonah 3:8; I Chronicles 12:17, compare Job 16:17, ח׳ יְדֵיכֶם Psalms 58:3 and פֹּעַל ח׳ בְּכַפֵּיהֶם Isaiah 59:6; עֵד ח׳ that is a witness that promotes violence and wrong Exodus 23:1, Deuteronomy 19:16, עֵדֵי ח׳ Psalms 35:11; עֵדֵי שֶׁקֶר וִיפֵחַ חָמָס Psalms 27:12; שׂנאת ח׳ Psalms 25:19 = hatred characterized by violence; אִישׁ חָמָס = violent man Psalms 18:49 (II Samuel 22:49 has the later א׳ חמסים, compare below) Psalms 140:12 Proverbs 3:31; Proverbs 16:29; אישׁ חמסים (later) Psalms 140:2, Psalms 140:5; II Samuel 22:49; יֵין חֲמָסִים Proverbs 4:17 that is wine gained by violence (‖ לֶחֶם רֶשַׁע).

חָמֵץ

verb be sour, leavened (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Pi. Hiph. make sour, leaven; Arabic حَمُضَ be sour; Aramaic חֲמַע be sour, leavened, ܚܡܰܥ, be leavened)—

past (עבר) חָמֵץ Exodus 12:39; future (עתיד) יֶחְמָ֑ץ Exodus 12:34; infinitive (מקור) with suffix חֻמְצָתוֹ Hosea 7:4;—be leavened, of dough (בָּצֵק), Exodus 12:34, Exodus 12:39, compare Hosea 7:4.

be soured, embittered, Psalms 73:21 (‖ כִּלְיוֹתַי אֶשְׁתּוֹנָן).

חָמֵץ²

noun (masc.) ^{Exodus 13:3} that which is leavened—ח׳ Exodus 12:15 + 10 times—forbidden at Passover Exodus 12:15, Exodus 13:3, Exodus 13:7, Deuteronomy 16:3, in all sacrifices Exodus 23:18; Exodus 34:25 (both JE); compare Amos 4:5; Leviticus 2:11; Leviticus 6:10 (P; appos.); exceptions are לֶחֶם ח׳ of peace-offering Leviticus 7:13, and the wave-loaves (ח׳ appos.) Leviticus 23:17.—see Robertson Smith^{Sem 203 OTJC 2, 345}.

חֹ֫מֶץ

noun (masc.) vinegar—ח׳ absolute Proverbs 10:26 + 3 times; construct Numbers 6:3^(×2);—a common condiment Ruth 2:14, forbidden to Nazirite (ח׳ יין and ח׳ שֵׁכָר) Numbers 6:3^(×2), offered (in cruelty) to a thirsty man Psalms 69:22 (figuratively for harshness, lack of sympathy); in sim. of sluggard כַּחֹמֶץ לַשִּׁנַּיִם Proverbs 10:26, ח׳ עַל־נָ֑תֶר Proverbs 25:20 vinegar on nitre (sim. of merry songs for the heavy-hearted).

חָמִיץ

adjective seasoned (viz. with salt, or a salt herb—Arabic حَمْضٌ, Pun. Ἀμουτ [= חמוץ] Blau^{ZMG 1873, 522}; see Gesenius' Thesaurus—rendering it more tasty), of provender for cattle בְּלִיל חָמִיץ יֹאכֵ֑לוּ Isaiah 30:24.

חָמוֹץ

n.[m.] coll. the ruthless—only אַשְּׁרוּ ח׳ Isaiah 1:17 set right the ruthless, so Hitzig Ewald Kn De Cheyne Dillmann; Vrss give passive (perhaps חָמוּץ) hence AV relieve the oppressed; but on form חָמוֹץ = doer of action see Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 152 b.

חָמַק

verb turn away (intr.)—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular וְדוֹדִי ח׳ עָכָ֑ר Song of Songs 5:6 and my beloved had turned away, passed on.

future (עתיד) 2nd feminine singular עַד־מָתַי תִּתְחַמָּקִין הַבַּת הַשּׁוֹבֵבָה Jeremiah 31:22 turn hither and thither, see Gf VB.

חָמַר

verb ferment, boil or foam up (Arabic خَمَرَ ferment, leaven, خُمْرَةٌ, خَمِيرَةٌ, n. leaven; see Lagarde^{BN 207});—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular וְיַיִן ח׳ Psalms 75:9 and wine which foams, (others from IV. חמר be red); 3rd plural חָֽמְרוּ is suggested by Wellhausen as poss. Habakkuk 3:15 (for Masoretic Text חֹמֶר q.see) the great waters foamed; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יֶהֱמוּ יֶחְמְרוּ מֵימָיו Psalms 46:4 let its water roar and foam. Peʿalʿal past (עבר) passive 3rd plural מֵעַי חֳמַרְמָ֑רוּ Lamentations 1:20 my bowels are in a ferment (‖ נֶהְפַּךְ לִבִּי), of distress at calamities of Jerus.; so חֳמַרְמְרוּ מֵעַי Lamentations 2:11.—Job 16:16 see IV. חמר.

חֶ֫מֶר

n.[m.] wine (poet.) (Aramaic ܚܰܡܪܳܐ, חַמְרָא; Arabic خَمْرٌ, see Lagarde^{BN 207})—וְדַם־עֵנָב תִּשְׁתֶּה־חָ֑מֶר Deuteronomy 32:14; כֶּרֶם חֶמֶר Isaiah 27:2, but read here כֶּרֶם חֶמֶד (see הֶמֶד).

חֵמָר

n.[m.] bitumen, asphalt (from I. חמר according to OBlau^{ZMG 1869, 279}, bitumen as seething, swelling up; Gesenius' Thesaurus Muhlau-Volck, from IV. חמר, with ref. to reddish-brown colour)—חֵמָר Genesis 11:3 + 2 times; used for cement in building Babel Genesis 11:3; abounding in vale of Siddim בֶּאֱרֹת בֶּאֱרֹת ח׳ Genesis 14:10; used in coating Moses’ ‘ark’ of bulrushes Exodus 2:3 (E; ‖ זָ֑פֶת).

חֹ֫מֶר

noun (masc.) cement, mortar, clay;—ח׳ absolute Genesis 11:3 + 13 times; construct Isaiah 10:6 + 2 times;—

mortar, cement for holding building-stones (brick) together Genesis 11:3, Exodus 1:14 (P; both ‖ לְבֵנִים); Nahum 3:14 (‖ טיט).

clay:

as material of vessels Jeremiah 18:4, Jeremiah 18:6, ח׳ היצר Isaiah 29:16, in sim. of God’s fashioning man Isaiah 45:9; Isaiah 64:7; Job 10:9; as material of human bodies בָּתֵּי ח׳ Job 4:19 compare Job 33:6; as material of bulwarks (disparagingly) Job 13:12; ח׳ חותם = seal-clay that is clay upon which seal is pressed.

= mire ח׳ חוצות Isaiah 10:6; הֹרַנִי לַח׳ Job 30:19 he hath cast me into the mire, that is deeply humiliated me (עָפָר and אֵפֶר in ‖ cl.); as sim. of commonness, abundance Job 27:16 (‖ עָפָר); Isaiah 41:25.

חָמַר²

verbdenom. cover or smear with asphalt, only

future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular with suffix וַתַּחְמְרָה Exodus 2:3; on form of with suffix see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 58, 3, R. 1.

חֹ֫מֶר²

n.[m.] heap (compare i. חֲמוֹר)—ח׳ construct ח׳ מַיִם רַבִּים Habakkuk 3:15 a heap of great waters (‖ יָם)—but text doubtful, see I. חמר; plural חֳמָרִים חֳמָרִים Exodus 8:10, of dead frogs gathered in heaps.

חֹ֫מֶר³

noun (masc.) homer, a dry measure (perhaps from above √, but doubtful; compare Assyrian amâru, surround, contain, ii. R Exodus 36:19 and b Strm⁴⁷⁶⁰, imêru, a measure Zim^{BP 6 n})—ח׳ absolute Isaiah 5:10 + 5 times Ez; construct Hosea 3:2 + 3 times; plural הֳמָרִים Numbers 11:32;—ח׳ of barley Hosea 3:2; Ezekiel 45:13, compare זֶרַע ח׳ שְׂעֹרִים Leviticus 27:16 that is land on which a ח׳ of barley seed was sown (taxed at 50 shekels); ח׳ of wheat Ezekiel 45:13; in generally זֶרַע ח׳ Isaiah 5:10; = 10 ephahs (or baths, see בַּת sub בתת) Ezekiel 45:11^(×3), Ezekiel 45:14^(×2) (in v Ezekiel 45:14 del. Co); on actual size of ח׳, = 393.9 litres, see Hultzsch ^{Metrol. 2nd ed. 448, 452 f.}. See further ii. בַּת and reff., Benz^{Arch. 183 f.} Nowack^{Arch. i, 203 f.}

חֲמוֹר

n.[m.] heap, absolute ח׳ with dual חֲמֹרָתָ֑יִם (Baer חֲמֹרֹת׳), as if from חֲמֹרָה;—בִּלְחִי הַחֲמוֹר חֲמוֹר חֲמֹרָתָ֑יִם Judges 15:16 with the ass’s jawbone, a heap, two heaps, that is so many slain.

חֲמוֹר²

noun (masc.) ^{Genesis 45:23} (he)-ass (Mishnaic Hebrew the same (sometimes female, but this regularly חֲמוֹרָה); Aramaic חֲמָרָא, ܚܡܳܪܳܐ; Arabic حِمَارٌ, Palmyrene חמרא Reckendorf^{ZMG 1888, 404}; Assyrian imêru, Schr^{COT Gloss.};—name from reddish colour)—absolute חֲמוֹר Genesis 22:5 + 43 times; חֲמֹר Exodus 13:13 Deuteronomy 22:10; construct חֲמוֹר Exodus 23:5 + 4 times; חֲמֹר Genesis 49:14; with suffix חֲמֹרְךָ Deuteronomy 5:14; Deuteronomy 28:31; חֲמֹרֶ֑ךָ Exodus 23:12; חֲמֹרוֹ Genesis 22:3 + 8 times; plural חֲמוֹרִים Judges 19:10 + 9 times; חֲמֹרִים Genesis 12:16 + 16 times; with suffix חֲמוֹרֵינוּ Judges 19:19; חֲמֹרֵינוּ Genesis 43:18; חֲמוֹרֵיכֶם I Samuel 8:16; חֲמֹרֵיהֶם Genesis 34:28 + 4 times; חֲמוֹרֵיהֶם Joshua 9:4;—ass (he-ass; אתון = she-ass) found in all periods (coll. only Genesis 32:6 Isaiah 21:7);—

as (valuable) property, with oxen, sheep, camels, slaves, etc. Genesis 12:16; Genesis 24:35; Genesis 30:43; Genesis 47:17 Exodus 9:3 (all J) Exodus 20:14, Exodus 21:23; Exodus 22:3, Exodus 22:8, Exodus 22:9; Exodus 23:4, Exodus 23:5, Exodus 23:12; Numbers 16:15; Joshua 6:21; Joshua 7:24 (all JE); note also Exodus 13:13 = Exodus 34:20 (JE; firstlings belongs to י׳); Genesis 36:24; Numbers 31:28, Numbers 31:30, Numbers 31:34, Numbers 31:39, Numbers 31:45 (all P); Deuteronomy 5:14, Deuteronomy 5:17; Deuteronomy 22:3, Deuteronomy 22:4; Deuteronomy 28:31; Judges 6:4; I Samuel 8:16; I Samuel 12:3; I Samuel 15:3; I Samuel 22:19; I Samuel 27:9; I Chronicles 5:21 Ezra 2:67 = Nehemiah 7:67 (Baer), Zechariah 14:15; coll. Genesis 32:5 (J; ‖ שׁוֹר, צֹאן, עֶבֶד, שִׁפְחָה), but plural (similar ‖) Genesis 34:28, Genesis 47:17; compare also ח׳ יְתוֹמִים Genesis 24:3 the orphans’ ass (‖ שׁוֹר אַלְמָנָה); as knowing its master’s crib Isaiah 1:3 (‖ שׁוֹר); found in camp II Kings 7:7, II Kings 7:10 (both ‖ סוּסִים); as harnessed מֶתֶג לַח׳ Proverbs 26:3 (‖ סוּם).

used for riding:

by women Exodus 4:20, Joshua 15:18 = Judges 1:14; I Samuel 25:20, I Samuel 25:23, I Samuel 25:42, compare II Chronicles 28:15.

by men II Samuel 16:2; II Samuel 17:23; II Samuel 19:27; I Kings 2:40; I Kings 13:13^(×2), I Kings 13:23, I Kings 13:24, I Kings 13:27, I Kings 13:28^(×2) Isaiah 21:7; Zechariah 9:9.

צֶמֶד חמורים a pair of asses II Samuel 16:1 (for burdens and for riding); for man and woman Judges 19:3, Judges 19:10, Judges 19:19, Judges 19:21; carrying dead body v Judges 19:28, compare ח׳ I Kings 13:29.

beast of burden Genesis 22:3, Genesis 22:5 (compare v Genesis 22:6), Genesis 42:26, Genesis 42:27; Genesis 45:23 (all E) Genesis 43:18, Genesis 43:24; Genesis 44:3, Genesis 44:13 (all J), Joshua 9:4, I Samuel 25:18; I Chronicles 12:41; Nehemiah 13:15 (compare also צֶמֶד ח׳ II Samuel 16:1 above); metaphorically of Issachar ח׳ גָּ֑רֶם Genesis 49:14 (poem), an ass of (strong) bones.—ח׳ לֶחֶם I Samuel 16:20 read probably חֲמִשָּׁה five, or better עֲשָׂרָה ten, see Wellhausen Driver.

used in tillage Isaiah 32:20; not to be used in ploughing with an ox (שׁוֹר) Deuteronomy 22:10.

parts of body of ass mentioned are: לְחִי ח׳ Judges 15:15, Judges 15:16 jawbone, Samson’s weapon; רֹאשׁ ח׳ II Kings 6:25 eaten in famine; בְּשַׂר ח׳ Ezekiel 23:20 genital organ of ass (contempt. sim.)

קְבוּרַת ח׳ Jeremiah 22:19 burial of an ass, in figuratively of ignominious treatment of a corpse. Also she-ass II Samuel 19:27 (compare Mishn. AZ. vi).

חֲמוֹר³

n.pr.m. father of Shechem (he-ass; see Robertson Smith^{K 220; Sem i. 449})—Genesis 33:19; Genesis 34:2, Genesis 34:4, Genesis 34:6, Genesis 34:8, Genesis 34:13, Genesis 34:18^(×2), Genesis 34:20, Genesis 34:24, Genesis 34:26; Joshua 24:32; Judges 9:28.

חַמְרָן

n.pr.m. I Chronicles 1:41 (= חֶמְדָּן Genesis 36:26 q.see)

חָמֵשׁ

noun (masc.) and f. five (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, the same; Aramaic חֲמֵשׁ, חַמְשָׁא, ܚܰܡܶܫ, ܚܰܡܶܫܬܳܐ; Phoenician חמשת; Palmyrene חמשא, c. n. masculine, Reckendorf^{ZMG 1888, 408}; Assyrian ḫamšu, ḫamiltu Delitzsch's Assyrian Grammar § 75; Ethiopic ኀምስ, ኀምስቱ Arabic خَمْسٌ, خَمْسَةٌ; Sab. & Liḥyân. חֿמס DHM^{ZMG xxix, 613; Epigr. Denkm. 71, 73});—m. (c. noun (fem.)) absolute חָמֵשׁ Genesis 5:6 + 94 times + Ezekiel 40:30 (del. SeptuagintB Hitzig-Smend Co; Co del. also in v Ezekiel 40:25, Ezekiel 40:29, Ezekiel 40:33, Ezekiel 40:36) + Ezekiel 45:3 Kt (where read f. with Qr); construct חֲמֵשׁ Genesis 5:10 + 67 times + Ezekiel 48:16 Kt; f. (c. noun (masc.)) absolute חֲמִשָּׁה see Lagarde^{BN 80} Genesis 18:28 + 139 times (incl. Ezekiel 8:16 del. B Co al.); construct חֲמֵשֶׁת Numbers 3:47^(×2) + 26 times;—on plural חֲמִשִּׂים fifty, see below;—five, in Hex chiefly P;—

without other numeral:

חָמֵשׁ, before fpl. noun Genesis 43:34 + 35 times; before n. coll. ח׳ צאן I Samuel 25:18; see also ח׳ בָּאַמָּה five in cubit(s) = five cubits I Kings 7:23; I Chronicles 11:23; II Chronicles 4:2; after noun (late) II Kings 8:16 (בִּשְׁנַת חָמֵשׁ לְיוֹרָם = in the fifth year) + 6 times Ch; no noun expr. I Kings 7:39^(×2), I Kings 7:49^(×2) I Chronicles 3:20; II Chronicles 4:7^(×2).

חֲמִשָּׁה before mpl. noun Genesis 47:2 + 18 times; after noun Exodus 36:38 + 36 times Nu (all P); no noun expr. Genesis 14:9 (only here c. art.) + 20 times

חֲמֵשׁ before noun (usually defined; except מֵאוֹת, אֲלָפִים, see 3, 4) Exodus 26:3, Exodus 26:9; Exodus 36:10, Exodus 36:16 + Ezekiel 42:16 ח׳ אַמּוֹת Kt, but Qr ח׳ מאות, see below

חֲמֵשֶׁת חַמְּלָכִים Joshua 10:5 + 5 times; \ Judges 18:7, Judges 18:14, Judges 18:17; ח׳ שׁקלים Numbers 18:16; also, distrib., ח׳ ח׳ שְׁקָלִים Numbers 3:47; ח׳ הַסְּרָנִים Joshua 13:3; Judges 3:3; I Samuel 6:18; ח׳ בני מ׳ II Samuel 21:8.

= ordinal, בִּשְׁנַת חָמֵשׁ ליורם II Kings 8:16 the fifth (year) of Joram; בַּחֲמִשָּׁה לַחֹדֶשׁ on the fifth (day) of the month Ezekiel 1:1, Ezekiel 1:2; Ezekiel 8:1; Ezekiel 33:21; (so also 15th, 25th, etc.)

ח׳ combined with עשׂר, עשׂרה ten = fifteen:

חֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה (c. noun (fem.)) Genesis 5:10; Genesis 7:20; Exodus 27:14, Exodus 27:15; Exodus 38:14, Exodus 38:15; II Kings 14:17, II Kings 14:23; II Kings 20:6; II Chronicles 15:10; II Chronicles 25:25; Isaiah 38:5.

חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר (c. noun (masc.)), (1) after noun Esther 9:21; (2) before noun Exodus 16:1 (= ordinal fifteenth, so Leviticus 23:6 +) Hosea 3:2 +.

חֲמֵשֶׁת עָשָׂר before n. II Samuel 19:18 +.

חֲמֵשֶׁת עָשָׂר, without n. = ordinal fifteenth I Chronicles 24:14 + 4 times + Ezekiel 45:12 (read חֲמִשִּׁים A Hitzig Co).

חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת = 500 Genesis 5:30, Genesis 5:32 + 49 times + Ezekiel 42:16 Qr

חֲמֵשֶׁת אֲלָפִים = 5000 Numbers 31:32; Joshua 8:12; Judges 20:45; I Samuel 17:5; Ezekiel 45:6; Ezekiel 48:15; I Chronicles 29:7; II Chronicles 35:9; Ezra 1:11; Ezra 2:69;—in 25,000, 35,000 etc. חֲמִשָּׁה (usually without א׳) precedes the 20,000, 30,000, etc.

with other numerals:

חָמֵשׁ before larger numeral: (1) noun repeated Genesis 5:6 + 4 times; (2) noun with 2nd num. only, Genesis 5:17 + 8 times + Ezekiel 45:3 Kt; (3) noun c. בְּ with 2nd num. Ezekiel 40:21 + 2 times

חָמֵשׁ after larger num.: (1) noun repeated Genesis 25:7; (2) noun following ח׳ (only) Judges 14:10 + (especially in expressions of age and duration); (3) noun before both num., st. absolute, II Chronicles 3:15; st. construct II Chronicles 15:19.

no noun expr., ח׳ between other num., for example שֵׁשׁ מאות ח׳ ושׁבעים Numbers 31:37.

חֲמִשָּׁה before larger num., noun following larger num. Numbers 1:25 + 22 times

ח׳ follows, and (1) is following by noun Judges 20:35 + 7 times; (2) noun precedes both I Kings 7:3; Jeremiah 52:30.

ח׳ precedes, no noun expr. I Kings 5:12.

ח׳ follows, no noun expr. Genesis 18:28 +.

no noun expr. ח׳ between other num. Exodus 38:28; Ezra 2:5.

חֲמִשִּׁים

n.plural (a) fifty (Arabic خَمْسُونَ Aramaic ܚܰܡܫܝܺܢ, Phoenician חמשם; MI²⁸ חמשן; Assyrian ḫamšâti Delitzsch in Lotz^{TP 80})—חֲמִשִּׁים Genesis 6:15 + 154 times (incl. Ezekiel 40:25, Ezekiel 40:29, Ezekiel 40:33, del. Co) + Ezekiel 45:12 (so read A Hitzig Co for חמשׁה); with suffix חֲמִשֶּׁיךָ II Kings 1:10, II Kings 1:12, חֲמִשָּׁיו II Kings 1:9 + 4 times, חֲמִשֵּׁיהֶם II Kings 1:14;—

absolute

a fifty, a company of fifty Exodus 18:21, Exodus 18:25 Deuteronomy 1:15; I Samuel 8:12; II Kings 1:9^(×2) + 13 times II Kings 1 (in v II Kings 1:14 = fifties) Isaiah 3:3.

elsewhere, without noun expr., (1) without other numeral Numbers 31:30, Numbers 31:47; Ezekiel 27:18^(×2) Haggai 2:16; (2) with other num. ח׳ preceding Exodus 30:23^(×2) + 11 times; + I Chronicles 12:34 Baer, van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:33 (followed by אלף); (3) ח׳ following Exodus 38:26 + 10 times; (4) ח׳ between other num. Numbers 1:23 + 23 times

חֲמִשִּׁים without other num.:

before noun Genesis 6:15 + 58 times + ח׳ בָּאַמָּה Exodus 38:12.

after noun II Samuel 24:24; Exodus 26:11 + 4 times Chr.

ח׳ before other num.:

following by noun Genesis 7:24 +.

preceded bynoun I Chronicles 5:21.

ח׳ after other num., and

this after noun I Chronicles 8:40; Ezra 8:3, Ezra 8:26.

noun repeated for example Genesis 9:28, Genesis 9:29.

ח׳ preceded by construct for example בִּשְׁנַת ח׳ שָׁנָה II Kings 15:23, II Kings 15:27; Leviticus 15:10, Leviticus 15:11.

ח׳ = ordinal, fiftieth Leviticus 25:10, Leviticus 25:11; II Kings 15:23, compare v II Kings 15:27.

חֲמִישִׁי

m. חֲמִישִׁית f.adjectivenum.ordin. fifth;—m. חֲמִישִׁי Genesis 1:23 + 22 times; חֲמִשִׁי Zechariah 7:3 + 3 times; f. חֲמִישִׁית absolute I Kings 14:25 + 4 times; חֲמִשִׁית Leviticus 19:25; Jeremiah 36:9; חֲמִשִּׁית I Kings 6:31; construct חֲמִישִׁית Leviticus 27:15, Leviticus 27:19; with suffix חֲמִישִׁתוֹ Leviticus 5:16 + 2 times; חֲמִשִׁיתוֹ Leviticus 22:14; Leviticus 27:31; חֲמִשִׁתוֹ Leviticus 27:27, compare חֲמִשִׁתָיו Leviticus 5:24, read תוֹ- Sam. Dillmann (q.see);—fifth, usually in enum. days, months, years, sons, etc.; definite, except masculine Genesis 1:23; Genesis 30:17, feminine Genesis 47:24; 1 I Chronicles 6:31; Nehemiah 6:5;—

m. Genesis 1:23; Numbers 7:36; Numbers 29:26; Numbers 33:38; Joshua 19:24 (all P), Genesis 30:17, Judges 19:8; II Kings 25:8 Jeremiah 1:3; Jeremiah 28:1; Jeremiah 52:12; Zechariah 7:3; I Chronicles 27:8 Ezra 7:8, Ezra 7:9; noun om. II Samuel 3:4; I Chronicles 2:14; I Chronicles 3:3; I Chronicles 8:2; I Chronicles 26:3, I Chronicles 26:4 (all of בֵּן), I Chronicles 24:9; I Chronicles 25:12 (גּוֹרָל), Zechariah 8:19 (חֹדֶשׁ), I Chronicles 27:8 (יוֹם).

f. Leviticus 19:25; I Kings 14:25 Jeremiah 36:9; Ezekiel 1:2; II Chronicles 12:2; פַּעַם ח׳ Nehemiah 6:5.

חֲמִשִּׁית I Kings 6:31 as noun a fifth part, so חֲמִישִׁית Genesis 47:24; Leviticus 5:16, Leviticus 5:24; Leviticus 22:14; Leviticus 27:13, Leviticus 27:27, Leviticus 27:31; Numbers 5:7; construct חֲמִישִׁית כֶּסֶף Leviticus 27:15, Leviticus 27:19.

חֲמֻשִׁים

adjectiveplural in battle array, always this form, Exodus 13:18, Joshua 1:14; Joshua 4:12 (both D), Judges 7:11 + Numbers 32:17, see חושׁ.

חֲמָת

n.pr.location (√ doubtful; Gesenius' Thesaurus Muhlau-Volck al. der. from חָמָה, חֲמָת = fortress, or (see Robertson Smith^{Sem i, 140}), sacred enclosure, temenos, ḥimā, compare Hal^{JAS 7 ème Sér. x, 392} Lagarde^{BN 82, 156}; but no certainty that name is Shemitic; Arabic حَمَاة, Assyrian Amattu, Delitzsch^{PA 275 ff. Pr 174});—mod. Ḥamâ, on el-ʿÂṣi (Orontes), 38 h. (c. 115 m.) N. of Damascus, see Bd^{Pal. 398 f.} It had a king, תֹּעִי, in David’s time II Samuel 8:9 = I Chronicles 18:9, and in 8th cent. b.c. II Kings 19:13 = Isaiah 37:13; gods of its own II Kings 17:30; II Kings 18:34 = Isaiah 36:19; gave its name to land (limits unknown) רִבְלָה בְּאֶרֶץ ח׳ II Kings 23:33; II Kings 25:21 Jeremiah 39:5; Jeremiah 52:9, Jeremiah 52:27, compare II Chronicles 8:4; contained Isr. exiles Isaiah 11:11; furnished colonists for Samaria II Kings 17:24 (compare v II Kings 17:30 above) after being conquered by Sargon, (COT II Kings 17:24; II Kings 18:34 compare Isaiah 10:9). It is called great Hamath by Amos 6:2 (חֲמַת רַבָּה,—חֲמַת only here). ח׳ is mentioned with דַּמֶּשֶׂק, צֹר, צִידוֹן in prophecy against land Hadrach (חַדְרָךְ) Zechariah 9:2, compare Jeremiah 49:23. Often in phr. לְבֹא ח׳ (עַד־) = the entrance to H., that is the approach to H., as territorial limit Judges 3:3; usually as denoting (ideal) northern limit of Isr. territory Joshua 13:5; Numbers 13:21; Numbers 24:8; Amos 6:14; I Kings 8:65 = II Chronicles 7:8, II Kings 14:25 I Chronicles 13:5; חֲמָ֑תָה I Chronicles 18:3; ח׳ צובָה II Chronicles 8:3, and הֵשִׁיב אֶת־דַּמֶּשֶׂק וְאֶת־ח׳ לִיחוּדָה II Kings 14:28; so also Ezekiel 47, Ezekiel 48: גְּבוּל ח׳ Ezekiel 47:17, compare v Ezekiel 47:16 + v Ezekiel 47:16 (del. Co); לְבוֹא ח׳ Ezekiel 48:1, compare Ezekiel 47:20; אֶל־יַד ח׳ Ezekiel 48:1.

חֵן

see sub חנן.

חָנָה

verb decline, bend down, encamp (Aramaic ܚܢܳܐ to aim at, incline towards, reach; Zinj. מחנת construct camp, Inscr. Panammu^{13, 16, 17}; Arabic حَنَا bend, curve, bend down; Assyrian mûnu, mênu and tênû couch, mânîtu, house, Zim^{BP 44, 45} Delitzsch in Zim¹¹⁷)—

past (עבר) חָנָה I Samuel 26:5 Isaiah 29:1; וְחָנִ֫יתִי consec. Isaiah 29:3 Zechariah 9:8; חָנוּ Numbers 2:34 + 2 times; וְחָנוּ consec. Numbers 1:52; future (עתיד) וַיִּחַן Genesis 26:17 + 9 times; 3rd feminine singular תַּחֲנֶה Psalms 27:3; יַחֲנוּ Numbers 1:50 + 13 times Nu + Exodus 14:2: וַיַּחֲנוּ Exodus 13:20 + 79 times (of which 42 in Numbers 33); וַיַּחֲנוּן Judges 11:18; 2nd masculine plural תַּחֲנוּ Exodus 14:2; 1st plural וַנַּחֲנֶה Ezra 8:15; imperative (ציווי) חֲנֵה II Samuel 12:28; חֲנוּ Numbers 31:19; Jeremiah 50:29; infinitive (מקור) חֲנוֹת Judges 19:9; חֲנֹת Numbers 1:51; with suffix חֲנֹתֵנוּ Numbers 10:31; חֲנֹתְכֶם Deuteronomy 1:33; participle (בינוני) חֹנֶה Exodus 18:5 Psalms 34:8; f. חֹנָה II Samuel 23:13; I Chronicles 11:15; הֹנָ֑ךְ Psalms 53:6; plural חֹנִים Exodus 14:9 + 11 times; חוֹנִים Numbers 2:2; Nahum 3:17;—

decline, of day drawing to its close חֲנוֹת הַיּוֹם Judges 19:9 (‖ רָפָה הַיּ׳ לַעֲרוֹב; also נְטוֹת הַיּ׳ v Judges 19:8; הַיּוֹם רַד מְאֹד v Judges 19:11).

encamp (proposes verge toward, incline to, settle at, of goal of day’s march):—

of single nomad Genesis 26:17 (J; followed by ב), Genesis 33:18 (E; followed by אֶת־פני).

of Israel at Exod. and in wilderness Exodus 13:20 (ב) Exodus 14:2 (לִפְנֵי), v Exodus 14:2 (עַל), + c. 80 times (Hex chiefly P); also (absolute) Numbers 9:18, Numbers 9:20, Numbers 9:22, Numbers 9:23 compare Ezra 8:15; Nehemiah 11:30 so they encamped (that is settled, or were settled) from Beersheba to the valley of Hinnom (‖ ישׁבו v Nehemiah 11:25).

of armies: (1) Israel (conquering Cannan, etc.) Joshua 4:19; Joshua 5:10 + often; (2) Philistines I Samuel 4:1; I Samuel 13:16; II Samuel 23:23 +; usually followed by ב location Numbers 10:31; I Samuel 4:1; I Samuel 13:16 Joshua 4:19; I Samuel 13:5 + 63 times (וַיַּחֲנוּ בְ II Samuel 24:5 read וַיָּחֵלּוּ מִן SeptuagintL Wellhausen Driver see חלל); so of locusts in hedges (in sim.) Nahum 3:17; also followed by עַל = by, near Exodus 14:2, Exodus 14:9; Exodus 15:27; Numbers 1:52; Numbers 2:2, Numbers 2:5, Numbers 2:12, Numbers 2:27; Numbers 3:29; Numbers 3:35 (על ירך), Numbers 33:10; Judges 7:1; I Samuel 4:1; על־פני השׂדה (על in diff. sense) II Samuel 11:11; followed by עַל also = against, encamp with hostile purpose Joshua 10:5, Joshua 10:31, Joshua 10:34 Judges 6:4; Judges 20:19 I Samuel 11:1; II Samuel 12:28; I Kings 16:15; II Kings 25:1; II Chronicles 32:1; Jeremiah 50:29; Jeremiah 52:4 Psalms 27:3; followed by אֶל־ in same sense Joshua 11:5; metaphorically of God’s hostility to apostate Jerusalem (על) Isaiah 29:3; followed by also לְ = at, by Numbers 2:34; Zechariah 9:8; אשׁר … שָׁם Exodus 18:5; I Samuel 26:5; followed by סביב לְ for protection Numbers 1:50, Numbers 1:53, compare metaphorically Psalms 34:8, but also hostility Job 19:12; also followed by other preposition and preposition phrases, for example מֵעֵבֶר Numbers 21:13; מחוץ Numbers 31:19; בין I Samuel 17:1; נגד I Kings 20:27 etc.; followed by direct object location II Samuel 17:26; followed by with suffix direct object with hostile sense הֹנָ֑ךְ Psalms 53:6; without preposition or noun following, in sense of encamp, be or abide in encampment Numbers 9:18, Numbers 9:20, Numbers 9:22, Numbers 9:23; Ezra 8:15; II Samuel 11:11 +; poet. of David in Jerusalem, Isaiah 29:1 city in which David fixed his camp.

חֲנִית

noun (fem.) spear (as flexible? see Gesenius' Thesaurus);—absolute חֲנִית II Samuel 13:19 + 26 times; construct the same I Samuel 26:16 (so v I Samuel 26:22 Qr, where Kt has art.); with suffix חֲנִיתֶ֑ךָ Habakkuk 3:11; חֲנִיתוֹ I Samuel 17:7^(×2) + 11 times + II Samuel 23:8, see below; plural חֲנִיתִים II Chronicles 23:9; חֲנִיתוֹתֵיהֶם Isaiah 2:4 = חֲנִיתֹתֵיהֶם Micah 4:3;—

spear, as hurled I Samuel 18:10, I Samuel 18:11; I Samuel 19:9, I Samuel 19:10^(×2) I Samuel 20:33; held by king I Samuel 22:6; sign of king’s presence I Samuel 26:7, I Samuel 26:8, I Samuel 26:11, I Samuel 26:12, I Samuel 26:16, I Samuel 26:22 (see Robertson Smith^{K 171}); also II Samuel 1:6; II Samuel 2:23; II Samuel 21:19; II Samuel 23:18, II Samuel 23:21^(×3) I Chronicles 11:11 = II Samuel 23:8, where read הוּא עוֹרֵר אֶת־חֲנִיתוֹ (for הוּא עֲדִינוֹ הָעֶצְנִו֯) according to Ewald Th Ke Klostermann Driver (not Wellhausen), I Chronicles 11:20, I Chronicles 11:23^(×3); plural II Chronicles 23:9; often ‖ חֶרֶב I Samuel 13:19, I Samuel 13:22; I Samuel 17:45, I Samuel 17:47; I Samuel 21:9; Isaiah 2:4 = Micah 4:3,; Nahum 3:3; ‖ שְׁלָטִים II Kings 11:10; ‖ צִנָּה I Chronicles 12:35 (Baer); מַסָּע Job 41:18; סְגֹר Psalms 35:3; ‖ קֶשֶׁת Psalms 46:10.

shaft of spear is עֵץ ח׳ II Samuel 23:7; I Chronicles 20:5 + I Samuel 17:7 Qr (doubtless right; Kt חץ).

spear-head לַהֶבֶת ח׳ I Samuel 17:7, compare לַהַב ח׳ Job 39:23; בְּרַק ח׳ Nahum 3:3; Habakkuk 3:11.

butt of spear אַחֲרֵי ח׳ II Samuel 2:23.

metaphorically of teeth of lions Psalms 57:5 (‖ חצים; figuratively of Psalmist’s enemies).

חָנַט

verb spice, make spicy, embalm (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, bud, blossom; Arabic حَنَطَ become mature, ii. prepare for burial, حَنُوطٌ spices for a corpse; حَنَّاطٌ embalmer, Dozy^{i, 322} after Payne Smith (Syriac Thesaurus)¹³²⁰; Aramaic ܚܢܰܛ, חֲנַט embalm; so Ethiopic ሐነጠ (loan-word Dillmann¹¹⁰));—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular הָֽנְטָה Song of Songs 2:13; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural וַיַּחַנְטוּ Genesis 50:2, Genesis 50:26; infinitive (מקור) construct לַחֲנֹט Genesis 50:2;—

spice, make spicy הַתְּאֵנָה ח׳ פַגֶּיהָ Song of Songs 2:13 the fig-tree spiceth its figs, so VB De in transl. (Ewald De in notes Öt al. prefer reddeneth, on account of spring season, compare the less common and perhaps secondary sense in Arabic become red (of leather) Lane^{657 a}).

embalm, followed by direct object person Genesis 50:2^(×2) (performed by הָרֹפְאִים), v Genesis 50:26.

חֲנֻטִים

n.[m.]pluralabstr. embalming, only יְמֵי הַח׳ Genesis 50:3 that is the days consumed in the embalming process = אַרְבָּעִים יוֹם see Dillmann

חִטָּה²

noun (fem.) wheat (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Aramaic חִנְטִין, חִיטְּתָא, ܚܶܛܬܳܐ; Arabic حِنْطَةٌ );—absolute ח׳ Exodus 9:32 + 6 times; plural חִטִּים Genesis 30:14 + 20 times; חִטִּין Ezekiel 4:9; construct חִטֵּי Ezekiel 27:17;—wheat, singular chiefly poet., of growing wheat Exodus 9:32, Deuteronomy 8:8 Job 31:40; Joel 1:11; sown Isaiah 28:25; food-product Deuteronomy 32:14 (חֵלֶב כִּלְיוֹת ח׳ kidney-fat of wheat, that is the choicest, see חֵלֶב) חֵלֶב ח׳ Psalms 81:17 (compare Psalms 147:14 below); elsewhere plural; wheat as sown Jeremiah 12:13; wheat-harvest קְצִיר ח׳ Genesis 30:14, Exodus 34:22, Judges 15:1 I Samuel 6:13; I Samuel 12:17 Ruth 2:23, + II Samuel 24:15 where insert according to Septuagint Wellhausen Driver; wheat threshed Judges 6:11; I Chronicles 21:20 compare v Judges 6:23; measured I Kings 5:25 = II Chronicles 2:9 (חטים מַכּוֹת, read ח׳ מַכֹּלֶת as I Kings 5:25 = wheat for food Th Be Ke after Vrss), v I Kings 5:14; I Chronicles 27:5 Ezekiel 45:13; stored (with barley, oil and honey) Jeremiah 41:8; for food II Samuel 17:28, חֵלֶב חִטִּים Psalms 147:14 (compare Psalms 81:14 above); לֹקְחֵי חִטִּים II Samuel 4:6 (read סֹקְלָה ח׳ Septuagint Wellhausen Driver); סֹלֶת ח׳ fine wheaten flour Exodus 29:2; Ezekiel 4:9 (חִטִּין, Aramaic plural) mixed with barley, beans, lentils, etc., and made into bread.

חַנִּיאֵל

n.pr. and חֲנִינָה see sub חנן.

חֲנִית²

see sub חנה.

חֵךְ²

noun (masc.) palate, roof of mouth, gums (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic ܚܶܢܟܳܐ, חִכָּא; Arabic حَنَكٌ palate, roof of mouth, jaws, lower part of mouth, lower jaw of horse, mouth, etc. Lane⁶⁵⁹ Dozy^{i. 332});—absoluteח׳ Job 12:11; Job 34:3; with suffix חִכִּי Proverbs 8:7 + 6 times, חִכְּךָ Hosea 8:1, חִכֶּ֑ךָ Ezekiel 3:26 Proverbs 24:13; chiefly poet., especially WisdLt:—חִכֵּךְ Song of Songs 7:10, חִכּוֹ Lamentations 4:4 + 2 times, חִכָּהּ Proverbs 5:3, חִכָּם Job 29:10;—palate, roof of mouth:

אֶל־חִכְּךָ שֹׁפָר Hosea 8:1 a trumpet to thy palate! (or gums; as in Eng., to thy lips); often c. לָשׁוֹן, tongue clings (דבק) to חך, expression for speechlessness Ezekiel 3:26 Job 29:10, as imprecation Psalms 137:6; for the parching of extreme thirst Lamentations 4:4 (בַּצָּמָא), compare Psalms 22:16 Masoretic Text יָבֵשׁ כַּחֶרֶשׂ כֹּחִי, read חִכִּי for כחי see Cheyne^{crit. n.} (‖ לְשׁוֹנִי מֻדְבָּק מַלְקוֹחָ֑י).

as organ of speech, Proverbs 5:3; Proverbs 8:7 (both ‖ שְׂפָתַיִם), Job 31:30; Job 33:2 דִּבְּרָה לְשׁוֹנִי בְחִכִּי (‖ פָּתַחְתִּי פִי).

as organ of taste Job 12:11; Job 34:3, פִּרְיוֹ מָתוֹק לְחִבִּי Song of Songs 2:3 his fruit was sweet to my palate, Proverbs 24:13 (implied sim. of wisdom as sweet to the soul); figuratively of God’s words as sweet לְח׳ Psalms 119:103 (‖ פִּי); of taste as distinguishing misfortunes Job 6:30 (‖ לָשׁוֹן; > others of speech); of keeping wickedness בְּתוֹךְ ח׳ Job 20:13 (‖ תַּחַת לָשׁוֹן), that is delighting in and prolonging the taste of it.

nearly = mouth, as an element in personal sweetness and beauty Song of Songs 5:16; Song of Songs 7:10.

חָנַךְ

verb train up, dedicate (compare Arabic حَنَكَ appar. denom. from حَنَكٌ, rub palate of child with chewed dates, Lane^659a, of midwife rub palate of new-born child with oil, etc., before it begins to suck, Dozy^{ii, 332}; also make experienced, submissive, etc. (as one does a horse by a rope in its mouth) Lane; see also Wellhausen^{Skizzen iii, 154}; Mishnaic Hebrew חִנֵּךְ accustom; Aramaic חֲנַךְ dedicate, חַנֵּיךְ as Mishnaic Hebrew; Ethiopic ii. ሐነከ perceive, understand (Dillmann¹⁰⁸, ሕንካ initiatio is loan-word Id.^ib.))—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular with suffix חֲנָכוֹ Deuteronomy 20:5; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix יַחְנְכֶנּוּ Deuteronomy 20:5, 3rd masculine plural וַיַּחְנְכוּ I Kings 8:63; II Chronicles 7:5; imperative (ציווי) חֲנֹךְ Proverbs 22:6;—

train, train up a (the) youth (לַנַּעַר) Proverbs 22:6 (compare Mishnaic Hebrew חִנּוּךְ).

dedicate, of formal opening of a new house Deuteronomy 20:5^(×2); dedicate, consecrate temple I Kings 8:63 = II Chronicles 7:5 (all followed by direct object)

חֲנוֹךְ

n.pr.m.

son of Cain Genesis 4:17^(×2), Genesis 4:18 Septuagint Ενωχ, SeptuagintL Ενως.

son of Jered (line of Seth), the pious Enoch, who walked with God and was taken by him Genesis 5:18, Genesis 5:19, Genesis 5:21, Genesis 5:22, Genesis 5:23, Genesis 5:24; I Chronicles 1:3 Septuagint Ενωχ.

חֲנֹךְ a son of Midian Genesis 25:4; I Chronicles 1:33, Septuagint Ενωχ.

חֲנוֹךְ a son of Reuben Genesis 46:9 Exodus 6:14; Numbers 26:5; I Chronicles 5:3, Septuagint Ενωχ.

חֲנֻכָּה

noun (fem.) dedication, consecration, as a matter of usage only P and late (Mishnaic Hebrew חֲנוּכָּה Feast of Dedication; so Aramaic חֲנוּכְּתָא)—absolute ח׳ Nehemiah 12:27; construct חֲנֻכַּת Numbers 7:10 + 6 times; dedication of wall of Jerus. Nehemiah 12:27^(×2), by sacrifices and processions, with music; of altar in temple II Chronicles 7:9; of ‘the house’ Psalms 30:1 (title), that is the temple (re-dedication by Judas Maccab., The Book of Maccabees I (Kahana Translation) 4:52), see Olshausen Bae al. (opposite De), and especially Cheyne^{OP 234, 247}; = dedication-offering for altar in tabernacle Numbers 7:10 (direct object c. וַיַּקְרִיבוּ) compare יַקְרִיבוּ אֶת־קָרְבָּנָם לַחֲנֻכַּת הַמִּזְבֵּחַ v Numbers 7:11, also v Numbers 7:84, Numbers 7:88 (all P; v Dillmann Numbers 7:20).

חַכָּה²

noun (fem.) hook fastened in jaw, fish-hook (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Aramaic חַכְּתָא)—absolute ח׳ Job 40:25 + 2 times;—כָּל־מַשְׁלִיכֵי בַיְאֹר חַכָּ֑ה Isaiah 19:8 (‖ הַדַּיָּגִים), כֻּלֹּה בְּחַכָּה הֵעֲלָה Habakkuk 1:15 (of אדם, who, v Habakkuk 1:14, is comp. to דְּגֵי הַיָּם, and רֶמֶשׂ), compare תִּמְשֹׁךְ לִוְיָתָן בְּחַכָּ֑ה Job 40:25.

חִנָּם

see sub I. חנן.

חֲנַמְאֵל

n.pr.m. (perhaps = חנן־אל)—Jeremiah’s cousin, son of his uncle Jeremiah 32:7, Jeremiah 32:8, Jeremiah 32:9, compare ח׳ דֹּדִי v Jeremiah 32:12; Septuagint Αναμεηλ.

חָנַן

verb show favour, be gracious (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Aramaic חֲנַן, ܚܰܢ; Arabic حَنَّ yearn towards, long for, be merciful, compassionate, favourable, inclined towards; Sab. חן in n.pr. חן מסבררהם DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 40}; Phoenician חנן in חן favour, and n.pr. as אלחנן, חננבעל; Assyrian in deriv. annu, grace, favour, unninu, têninu nannu, the same, Lotz^TP Zim^{BP 23, 66})—

past (עבר) חָנַן Genesis 33:5; with suffix חַנַּ֫נִי Genesis 33:11; יְ֯חַנַּנִי II Samuel 12:22; חַנֹּתִי Exodus 33:19; חָנָ֑נוּ Lamentations 4:16; future (עתיד) יֶחֱנַן Amos 5:15; יָחֹן Deuteronomy 28:50; וַיָּ֫חָן II Kings 13:23; with suffix יָחְנְךָ Genesis 43:29 Isaiah 30:19; וִיחֻנֶּךָּ Numbers 6:25; יְחֻנֶּנּוּ Isaiah 27:11 Job 33:24; יְחָנֵּנוּ Psalms 67:2; Psalms 123:2 Malachi 1:9; תָּחֹן Psalms 59:6; with suffix תְּחָנֵּם Deuteronomy 7:2; אָחֹן Exodus 33:19; imperative (ציווי) with suffix חָנֵּנִי Psalms 4:2 + 17 times ψψ; חָנְנֵנִי Psalms 9:14 (Baer pts. חַנְנֵנִי); חָנֵּנוּ Isaiah 33:2 Psalms 123:3^(×2); חָנּוּנוּ Judges 21:22; חָנֻּנִי Job 19:21^(×2); infinitive (מקור) absolute חָנוֹן Isaiah 30:19; construct חַנּוֹת Psalms 77:10; חֶנְנָהּ Psalms 102:14; חֲנַנְכֶם Isaiah 30:18; participle (בינוני) חֹנֵן Proverbs 14:31; חוֹנֵן Psalms 37:21 + 5 times ψψ Pr.—favour, shew favour;

of man:

Judges 21:22 favour us with them (2 direct object; that is by giving them to us).

in dealing with the poor, needy, and orphans, absolute Psalms 37:21, Psalms 37:26 = Psalms 112:5; with a direct object Proverbs 14:31; Proverbs 19:17; Proverbs 28:8; c. לְ Psalms 109:12.

by considering and sparing, with a direct object Deuteronomy 7:2; Deuteronomy 28:50; Lamentations 4:16; Job 19:21^(×2).

of God,

in the bestowal of favours, with direct object Genesis 33:11, Genesis 43:29, Numbers 6:25, II Samuel 12:22; double direct object Genesis 33:5, תּוֹרָֽתְךָ חָנֵּנִי be gracious unto me (in giving) thy law Psalms 119:29.

usually in the bestowal of redemption from enemies, evils, and sins; absolute Psalms 77:10, elsewhere with a direct object Exodus 33:19^(×2), Amos 5:15; II Kings 13:23; Isaiah 27:11; Isaiah 30:18, Isaiah 30:19^(×2); Isaiah 33:2; Malachi 1:9 Psalms 4:2; Psalms 6:3; Psalms 9:14; Psalms 25:16; Psalms 26:11; Psalms 27:7; Psalms 30:11; Psalms 31:10; Psalms 41:5, Psalms 41:11; Psalms 51:3; Psalms 56:2; Psalms 57:2^(×2); Psalms 59:6; Psalms 67:2; Psalms 86:3, Psalms 86:16; Psalms 102:14; Psalms 119:58, Psalms 119:132; Psalms 123:2, Psalms 123:3^(×2) Job 33:24.—Job 19:17 see II. חנן.

past (עבר) 2nd feminine singular נֵחַנְתְּ Jeremiah 22:23 be pitied (compare נֵאַר √ ארר) but Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate express groan (that is נֶאֱנַחְתְּ), which is favoured by context, and adopted by Hitzig Ewald Gf Gie al.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular make gracious, favourable כִּי־יְחַנֵּן קוֹלוֹ Proverbs 26:25. Poʿel future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular direct favour to (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 55, 1) וְאֶת־עֲפָרָהּ יְחֹנֵנוּ Psalms 102:15; participle (בינוני) מְחוֹנֵן עֲנָיִ֯ם Proverbs 14:21.

future (עתיד) יֻחַן be shewn favour, consideration Isaiah 26:10; Proverbs 21:10.

past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular הִתְחַנַּנְתָּה I Kings 9:3 + 5 times past (עבר); future (עתיד) וַיִּתְחַנֵּן II Kings 1:13; וַתִּתְחַנֶּן־ Esther 8:3; אֶתְחַנָּ֑ן Psalms 30:9 + etc. + 6 times future (עתיד); infinitive (מקור) לְהִתְחַנֶּן־ Esther 4:8; בְּהִתְחַנְנוֹ Genesis 42:21—seek or implore favour:

of man, with אֶל Genesis 42:21 II Kings 1:13; with לְ Job 19:16; Esther 4:8; Esther 8:3.

of God, with אֶל־ Deuteronomy 3:23 I Kings 8:33, I Kings 8:47 = II Chronicles 6:37, Job 8:5 Psalms 30:9; Psalms 142:2; with לְ Hosea 12:5; Job 9:15; with לפני I Kings 8:59; I Kings 9:3; II Chronicles 6:24.

חֵן²

noun (masc.) ^{ψ 45:3} favour, grace;—ח׳ Genesis 6:8 + 67 times; with suffix חִנּוֹ Genesis 39:21;—

favour, grace, elegance:

of form and appearance, of a woman ‖ יֹ֑פִי Proverbs 31:30; אֵשֶׁת חֵן Proverbs 11:16; זונה טובת חן Nahum 3:4; of a doe Proverbs 5:19; precious stone אבן חן Proverbs 17:8; of ornaments Proverbs 1:9 = Proverbs 4:9, Proverbs 3:32.

of speech, lips Psalms 45:3 Proverbs 22:11; words Ecclesiastes 10:12.

favour, acceptance:

with men Proverbs 13:15; Proverbs 22:1; Ecclesiastes 9:11.

with God Zechariah 4:7^(×2); Zechariah 12:10; chiefly in phrases: מצא חן בעיני find favour in the eyes of: (1) men Genesis 30:27; Genesis 32:6; Genesis 33:8, Genesis 33:10, Genesis 33:15; Genesis 34:11; Genesis 39:4; Genesis 47:25, Genesis 47:29; Genesis 50:4 Numbers 32:5 (all J); Deuteronomy 24:1; Ruth 2:2, Ruth 2:10, Ruth 2:13; I Samuel 1:18; I Samuel 16:22; I Samuel 20:3, I Samuel 20:29; I Samuel 25:8; I Samuel 27:5; II Samuel 14:22; II Samuel 16:4; I Kings 11:19; Esther 5:8; Esther 7:3; (2) of God Genesis 6:8; Genesis 18:3; Genesis 19:19; Exodus 33:12, Exodus 33:13^(×2), Exodus 33:16, Exodus 33:17; Exodus 34:9 Numbers 11:11, Numbers 11:15 (all J); Judges 6:17; II Samuel 15:25; Proverbs 3:4; absolute מצא חן (with man) Proverbs 28:23; (with God) Jeremiah 31:2; מצא חן לפניו Esther 8:5 (that is of the king); נתן חן בעיני give favour in the eyes of (1) man Genesis 39:21; Exodus 3:21; Exodus 11:3; Exodus 12:36; absolute נתן חן of man Psalms 84:12; (2) of God Proverbs 3:34; נשׂא חֵן בְּעֵינֵי obtain favour in the eyes of Esther 2:15; of the king Esther 5:2; so וַתִּשָּׂא־חֵן וָחֶסֶד לְפָנָיו Esther 2:17.

חִנָּם²

noun, used chiefly in the accus. as adverb (compare Assyrian annáma, in vain, Delitzsch^{K 7, Pr 44}; from חֵן, with aff. ָם, which is sometimes found in substantives proper, as סֻלָּם, and pr. names, but is more partic. used with substs. applied adverbially, as יוֹמָם, אָמְנָם, דּוּמָם, רֵיקָם: Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 293 Barth^{NB § 216})—literally out of favour; that is

gratis, gratuitously, for nothing, עָבַד חִנָּם to serve for nought Genesis 29:15; Job 1:9, Isaiah 52:3 to be sold (figuratively) for nought v Isaiah 52:5; Exodus 21:2, Exodus 21:11 יָצָא חִנָּם to go out (from slavery) freely, for nothing, Numbers 11:5 which we used to eat in Egyptian for nought, Jeremiah 22:13; I Chronicles 21:24; in the genitive II Samuel 24:24 עלוֹת חִנָּם that is burntofferings which cost nothing (in the ‖ I Chronicles 21:24 the construct is changed).

for no purpose, in vain Proverbs 1:17; Malachi 1:10: once אֶל חִנָּם (compare אֶל 7) Ezekiel 6:10.

gratuitously, without cause, undeservedly, especially of groundless hostility or attack I Samuel 19:5 לְהָמִית חִנָּם to slay David without cause, I Samuel 25:31 Psalms 35:7^(×2); Psalms 109:3; Psalms 119:161 רְדָפוּנִי חִנָּם, Proverbs 1:11; Proverbs 3:30; Proverbs 23:29; Job 2:3 לְבַלְּעוֹ ח׳, Job 9:17; Job 22:6; Ezekiel 14:23, Psalms 35:19 and Psalms 69:5 שׂנְאַי חִנָּם my haters without cause, Lamentations 3:52 אֹיְבַי חִנָּם; in the genitive I Kings 2:31 דְּמֵי חִנָּם blood shed without cause (compare I Samuel 25:31), Proverbs 24:28 אַל־תְּהִי עֵד ח׳ בְּרֵעֶ֑ךָ, Proverbs 26:2 קִלְלַת ח׳ the causeless curse.

חֵן³

n.pr.m. (favour)—contemp. of Zerubbabel Zechariah 6:14, so RV Siegfried-Stade Wellhausen, but RVm Ewald Hitzig Ke Or grace, favour, kindness.

חַנָּה

n.pr.f. Septuagint Ἄννα (compare Nab. חנה Eut^{Noldeke. 20}), mother of Samuel I Samuel 1:2^(×2), I Samuel 1:5^(×2), I Samuel 1:8, I Samuel 1:9, I Samuel 1:13, I Samuel 1:15, I Samuel 1:19, I Samuel 1:20, I Samuel 1:22; I Samuel 2:1, I Samuel 2:21.

חָנָן

n.pr.m. (gracious; compare Sab. חנן, Phoenician חנא)—

one of the warriors of David I Chronicles 11:43.

one of the heads of families of Nethinim Ezra 2:46 = Nehemiah 7:48.

names of Levites Nehemiah 8:7; Nehemiah 10:11; Nehemiah 13:3.

chiefs of the people:

Nehemiah 10:23.

Nehemiah 10:27.

Benjamite name I Chronicles 8:23, I Chronicles 8:38; I Chronicles 9:44 (compare n.pr.location בֵּית חָנָן, Mish. כְּפַר חָנָן).

אִישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים head of a prophetic guild, בְּנֵי הָנָן Jeremiah 35:4.

חָנוּן

n.pr.m. (favoured; compare Assyrian Ḫanunu, king of Gaza COT on II Kings 15:29);—

an Ammonite king II Samuel 10:1, II Samuel 10:2, II Samuel 10:3, II Samuel 10:4; I Chronicles 19:2^(×2), I Chronicles 19:3, I Chronicles 19:4, I Chronicles 19:6.

Jewish chiefs, contemporaries of Nehemiah:

חַנּוּן

adjective gracious, only used as an attribute of God, as hearing the cry of the vexed debtor Exodus 22:26 (covt. code), ‖ מְרַחֵם Psalms 116:5; elsewhere in the earlier phrase רַחוּם וְחַנּוּן Exodus 34:6 = Psalms 86:15; Psalms 103:8, or the later חַנּוּן וְרַחוּם II Chronicles 30:9; Nehemiah 9:17, Nehemiah 9:31 Psalms 111:4; Psalms 112:4; Psalms 145:8 Joel 2:13; Jonah 4:2.

חֲנִינָה

noun (fem.) favour לֹא־אֶתֵּן לָכֶם חֲנִינָה I will shew you no favour Jeremiah 16:13 (see on form Barth^{NB 136}).

חַנִּיאֵל²

n.pr.m. (favour of Ēl; compare Phoenician חנבעל, חנמלקרת (Hamilcar) favour of Melqart; Nab. חנאל Vog^{Noldeke. 10})—

prince of tribe of Manasseh Numbers 34:23.

a chief of the tribe of Asher I Chronicles 7:39.

חֲנַנְאֵל

n.pr.m. (Ēl is gracious; compare Phoenician חננבעל, אלחנן, etc.)—name of a tower at Jerusalem Jeremiah 31:38; Zechariah 14:10; Nehemiah 3:1; Nehemiah 12:39.

חֵנָדָד

n.pr.m. (חֵן + הָדָד favour of Hadad)—Levite chief Ezra 3:9; Nehemiah 3:18, Nehemiah 3:24; Nehemiah 10:10.

חֲנָנִי

n.pr.m. (perhaps abbrev. from following);—

father of the prophet Jehu I Kings 16:1, I Kings 16:7; II Chronicles 16:7; II Chronicles 19:2; II Chronicles 20:34.

brother of Nehemiah Nehemiah 1:2; Nehemiah 7:2.

a chief musician of David I Chronicles 25:4, I Chronicles 25:25.

a chief musician in time of Nehemiah Nehemiah 12:36.

a priest of Ezra’s time Ezra 10:20.

חֲנַנְיָ֫הוּ

n.pr.m. (י׳ hath been gracious)—Septuagint Ἀνανίας; חֲנַנְיָהוּ: (compare חנניהו on Israel. seal, Ganneau^{JAs Fev.-Mars 1883, 128, Noldeke. 1})—

father of a prince under Jehoiakim Jeremiah 36:12.

captain of Uzziah’s army II Chronicles 26:11.

chief of one of the divisions of musicians of David I Chronicles 25:23 = חֲנַנְיָה v I Chronicles 25:4.—חֲנַנְיָה:

a false prophet of Jeremiah’s time Jeremiah 28:1, Jeremiah 28:5, Jeremiah 28:10, Jeremiah 28:11, Jeremiah 28:12, Jeremiah 28:13, Jeremiah 28:15^(×2), Jeremiah 28:17.

one of the three companions of Daniel Daniel 1:6, Daniel 1:7, Daniel 1:11, Daniel 1:19.

grandfather of an officer of the guard in Jeremiah’s time Jeremiah 37:13.

a son of Zerubbabel I Chronicles 3:19, I Chronicles 3:21.

a Benjamite I Chronicles 8:24.

various postexilic persons.

Nehemiah 10:24.

Nehemiah 12:12, Nehemiah 12:41.

חַנָּתֹן

n.pr.location place in the tribe of Zebulun Joshua 19:14; Septuagint Αμωθ, A Ενναθωθ, SeptuagintL Αναθωθ; site unknown; according to Conder = Talm. Caphar Hanania (Nbr^{Géogr. 176, 226}) on the border of Upper and Lower Galilee, mod. Kefrʾ Anân, Survey^{WP i, 205, 207}.

חָנַן²

be loathsome (compare Arabic خَنَّ x. foetorem emisit (puteus); Syriac ܚܰܢܻܝܢܳܐ rancid);—Qal pf. וְחַנֹּתִ֫י לִבְנֵי בִטְנִי Job 19:17 and I am loathsome to the sons of my womb (‖ זָרָה see ii. זור), so RVm Ewald De Dillmann al. (On the tone see De.)

חָנֵס

n.pr.location Isaiah 30:4 in Lower Egypt, on island in Nile, S. of Memphis (‖ צֹעַן) = Egyptian Ḥnnstn [Ḥnénsĕ], Assyrian Ḫininši; Herodot. ^{ii. 137} Ἄνυσις, afterward Heracleopolis magna, now Ahnâs; see Steindorff^{BAS i, 602}.

חָנֵף

verb be polluted, profane (Arabic حَنَفَ incline, decline, hence حَنِيفٌ inclining to a right state, but in Hebrew of inclining away from right, irreligion, profaneness, compare حَنِفَ have a حَنَفٌ that is distortion of foot; Syriac in deriv. be profane, etc.; Mishnaic Hebrew Hiph., Aramaic Aph. act falsely toward, flatter, חֲנוּכָּה hypocrisy; Assyrian ḫanpu, ruthlessness; ḫanâpu, exercise ruthlessness toward, Tel Amarna Zim^{ZA vi. 1891, 256})—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular חָֽנְפָה Isaiah 24:5; 3rd plural חָנֵפ֑וּ Jeremiah 23:11; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תֶּחֱנַף Jeremiah 3:1; תֶּחֱנָ֑ף Micah 4:11; וַתֶּחֱנַף Jeremiah 3:9 Psalms 106:38; infinitive (מקור) absolute חָנוֹף Jeremiah 3:1;—

be polluted: of land Isaiah 24:5; Jeremiah 3:1^(×2) Psalms 106:38; of Zion Micah 4:11.

of prophet and priest = be חָנֵף (compare below) that is profane, godless Jeremiah 23:11.—Jeremiah 3:9 appar. trans. וַתֶּחֱנַף את הארץ, Gf del. את, Gie cites Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 121, 1, but read rather Hiph. וַתַּחֲנֵף with Codd. Septuagint Ewald al. (see also Gf Gie).

future (עתיד) יַחֲנִיף Numbers 35:33; Daniel 11:32; 2nd feminine singular וַתַּחֲנִ֫יפִי Jeremiah 3:2; 2nd masculine plural תַּחֲנִ֫יפוּ;—

pollute: the land Numbers 35:33^(×2) (by blood; P), Jeremiah 3:2 (by idolatry, etc.) + Jeremiah 3:9 (see above)

make profane, godless Daniel 11:32 with a direct object person

חֹ֫נֶף

n.[m.] profaneness—לַעֲשׂוֹת ח׳ Isaiah 32:6 to practise profaneness (+ נְבָלָה, אָוֶן, תּוֹעָה).

חָנֵף²

adjective profane, irreligious (Syriac ܚܰܢܦܳܐ profane, hence often heathen, apostate; Arabic حَنِيفٌ inclining to a right state, especially the true religion, a Muslim)—absolute ח׳ Job 8:13 + 10 times; plural חֲנֵפִים Isaiah 33:14; חַנְפֵי Job 36:13 Psalms 35:16;—profane, godless: of persons, אָדָם ח׳ Job 34:30; גּוֹי ח׳ Isaiah 10:6; as noun godless man Isaiah 9:16 (‖ מרע) Job 8:13; Job 13:16; Job 17:8; Job 20:5; Job 27:8; Proverbs 11:9; coll. עֲדַת ח׳ Job 15:34; plural Isaiah 33:14; חַנְפֵי־לֵב Job 36:Job 13; בְּחַנְפֵי לַעֲגֵי מָעוֹג Psalms 35:16 as profane men, mockers for cake (that is table-jesters; on construct see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 130, 5), but text doubtful (see Cheyne^{crit. n.} Bae).

חֲנֻפָּה

(so Baer; van d. H חֲנֻפָה) noun (fem.) profaneness, pollution, Jeremiah 23:15.

חַנָּתֹן²

see sub חנן.

חֶ֫סֶד

noun (masc.) ^{2 S 16:17} goodness, kindness;—absolute ח׳ Genesis 24:12 + 85 times; חָ֑סֶד Genesis 39:21 + 12 times; construct חֶסֶד I Samuel 20:14 + 8 times; with suffix חַסְדִּי Psalms 59:18 + 120 times sfs.; plural חֲסָדִים Genesis 32:11; construct חַסְדֵי Isaiah 55:3 + 5 times (Baer^{Jes p. 79} Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 93, R. 1 F.); with suffix חֲסָדַי Nehemiah 13:14 + 10 times sfs.; (not in H or P).

of man:

kindness of men towards men, in doing favours and benefits I Samuel 20:15; II Samuel 16:17 Psalms 141:5 Proverbs 19:22; Proverbs 20:6; ח׳ יהוה I Samuel 20:14 the kindness of י׳ (such as he shews, Gesenius' Thesaurus Muhlau-Volck; that sworn to by oath to Yahweh Mich Dathe; shewn out of reverence to Yahweh Th Ke), compare ח׳ אלהים II Samuel 9:3; תּוֹרַת־ח׳ Proverbs 31:26 instruction in kindness, kindly instruction עָשָׂה חֶסֶד עִמָּדִי do or shew kindness (in dealing) with me Genesis 20:13; Genesis 40:14, I Samuel 20:14; II Samuel 10:2 (עִמִּי in ‖ I Chronicles 19:2); c. עִם Genesis 21:23, Genesis 24:12, Genesis 24:14; Joshua 2:12^(×2) Judges 1:24, Judges 8:35; I Samuel 15:6; II Samuel 2:5; II Samuel 3:8; II Samuel 9:1, II Samuel 9:3, II Samuel 9:7, II Samuel 10:2 = I Chronicles 19:2, I Chronicles 19:2; II Chronicles 24:22; c. עַל I Samuel 20:8; c. לְ I Kings 2:7; נשׂא ח׳ לפני obtain kindness before Esther 2:9, Esther 2:17; היטיב ח׳ Ruth 3:10.

kindness (especially as extended to the lowly, needy and miserable), mercy Proverbs 20:28; Job 6:14; אישׁ חסד merciful man Proverbs 11:17 (opposite אַכְזָרִי); מַלְכֵי ח׳ merciful kings I Kings 20:31; עשׂה ח׳ Psalms 109:16; in this sense usually with other attributes (see also below II. 2); ‖ אמת Hosea 4:1; Isaiah 16:5; ח׳ ואמת Proverbs 3:3; Proverbs 14:22; Proverbs 16:6; Proverbs 20:28; עשׂה ח׳ ואמת Genesis 24:49; Genesis 47:29; Joshua 2:14 (J; RV gives these under 1); ‖ צדקה Hosea 10:12; צדקה וח׳ Proverbs 21:21; ‖ משׁפט Micah 6:8; ח׳ ומשׁפט Hosea 12:7; ‖ חוֹנֵן Psalms 109:12; ח׳ ורחמים Zechariah 7:9 Daniel 1:9.—(On Hosea 6:4, Hosea 6:6 see 3 below)

(rarely) affection of Isr. to י׳, love to God, piety: ח׳ נְעוּרַיִךְ Jeremiah 2:2 piety of thy youth (‖ love of thine espousals to Yahweh); poss. also חַסְדְּכֶם כַּעֲנַן־בֹּקֶר Hosea 6:4 your piety is like a morning cloud (fleeting), and כִּי חֶסֶד חָפַצְתִּי וְלאֹ־זָ֑בַח Hosea 6:6 for piety I delight in and not in peace-offering (‖ דעת אלהים, compare I Samuel 15:22);—so Wü Nowack Hitzig (v I Samuel 15:4) Cheyne; Ke Hitzig (v I Samuel 15:6) al. sub 2 (or 1);—אַנְשֵׁי חֶסֶד men of piety Isaiah 57:1 (‖ צַדִּיק); plural pious acts II Chronicles 32:32; II Chronicles 35:26; Nehemiah 13:14.

lovely appearance: כָּל־חַסְדּוֹ כְּצִיץ הַשָּׂדֶה Isaiah 40:6 all its loveliness as the flower of the field (so Gesenius' Thesaurus Hitzig De Cheyne Dillmann al.; but δόξα Septuagint 1 Pet 1:24 & gloria Vulgate favour an original reading הוֹדוֹ Lo or כְּבֹדוֹ Ewald, see Br^{MP 375}; Duhm הֲדָרוֹ).

of God: kindness, lovingkindness in condescending to the needs of his creatures. He is חַסְדָּם their goodness, favour Jonah 2:9; חַסְדִּי Psalms 144:2; אֱלֹהֵי חַסְדִּי God of my kindness Psalms 59:18; in v Psalms 59:11 read אֱלֹהַי חַסְדּוֹ my God with his kindness Peshitta Vulgate Ewald Hup De Pe Cheyne Bae; his is the kindness Psalms 62:13; it is with him Psalms 130:7; he delights in it Micah 7:18.

specif. lovingkindness:

in redemption from enemies and troubles Genesis 19:19; Genesis 39:21, Exodus 15:13 (song), Jeremiah 31:3; Ezra 7:28; Ezra 9:9 Psalms 21:8; Psalms 31:17, Psalms 31:22; Psalms 32:10; Psalms 33:22; Psalms 36:8, Psalms 36:11; Psalms 42:9; Psalms 44:27; Psalms 48:10; Psalms 59:17; Psalms 66:20; Psalms 85:8; Psalms 90:14; Psalms 94:18; Psalms 107:8, Psalms 107:15, Psalms 107:21, Psalms 107:31; Psalms 143:8, Psalms 143:12; Job 37:13; Ruth 1:8; Ruth 2:20; men should trust in it Psalms 13:6; Psalms 52:10; rejoice in it Psalms 31:8; hope in it Psalms 33:18; Psalms 147:11.

in preservation of life from death Psalms 6:5; Psalms 86:13 Job 10:12.

in quickening of spiritual life Psalms 109:26; Psalms 119:41, Psalms 119:76, Psalms 119:88, Psalms 119:124, Psalms 119:149, Psalms 119:159.

in redemption from sin Psalms 25:7; Psalms 51:3.

in keeping the covenants, with Abraham Micah 7:20; with Moses and Israel שׁמר הַבְּרִית וְ(הַ)חֶסֶד keepeth the covenant and the lovingkindness Deuteronomy 7:9, Deuteronomy 7:12; I Kings 8:23 = II Chronicles 6:14, Nehemiah 1:5; Nehemiah 9:32; Daniel 9:4; with David and his dynasty II Samuel 7:15 = I Chronicles 17:13, II Samuel 22:51 = Psalms 18:51, I Kings 3:6^(×2) = II Chronicles 1:8, Psalms 89:29, Psalms 89:34; with the wife Zion Isaiah 54:10.

חֶסֶד is grouped with other divine attributes: חסד ואמת kindness (lovingkindness) and fidelity Genesis 24:27, Psalms 25:10; Psalms 40:11, Psalms 40:12; Psalms 57:4; Psalms 61:8; Psalms 85:11; Psalms 89:15; Psalms 115:1; Psalms 138:2; עשׂה ח׳ ואמת עם II Samuel 2:6; II Samuel 15:20 (Septuagint, see Driver); c. אֶת־ Genesis 24:49; רַב ח׳ ואמת Exodus 34:6, Psalms 86:15; also ‖ אמת Micah 7:20 Psalms 26:3; Psalms 117:2; ‖ אֱמוּנָה Psalms 88:12; Psalms 89:3; Psalms 92:3; אמונה וח׳ Psalms 89:25; ח׳ ואמונה Psalms 98:3; ‖ רחמים Psalms 77:9; ח׳ ורחמים Jeremiah 16:5; Hosea 2:21 Psalms 103:4; ח׳ ומשׁפט Jeremiah 9:23 Psalms 101:1; ‖ צדקה Psalms 36:11; טוב וח׳ Psalms 23:6.

the kindness of God is

abundant: רַב־חֶסֶד abundant, plenteous in kindness (goodness) Numbers 14:18, Nehemiah 9:17 (Qr), Joel 2:13; Jonah 4:2 Psalms 86:5; Psalms 103:8 (compare Exodus 34:6 JE; Psalms 86:15); רֹב חַסְדְּךָ Nehemiah 13:22 Psalms 5:8; Psalms 69:14; Psalms 130:7 (Septuagint Vulgate Aq Targum, to be preferred to Masoretic Text חֲסָדֶיךָ); רֹב חֲסָדָו֯ Lamentations 3:32 Psalms 106:45 (Kt Septuagint in both to be preferred).

great in extent: גֹּדֶל ח׳ greatness of thy mercy Numbers 14:19; גְּדָו֯ל־ח׳ Psalms 145:8; it is kept for thousands Exodus 34:7, Jeremiah 32:18, especially of those connected with lovers of י׳, Exodus 20:6 = Deuteronomy 5:10; for 1000 generations Deuteronomy 7:9; it is great as the heavens Psalms 57:11; Psalms 103:11, compare Psalms 36:6; Psalms 108:5; the earth is full of it Psalms 33:5; Psalms 119:64.

everlasting: לעולם חסדוֹ Jeremiah 33:11; I Chronicles 16:34, I Chronicles 16:41; II Chronicles 5:13; II Chronicles 7:3, II Chronicles 7:6; II Chronicles 20:21; Ezra 3:11 Psalms 100:5; Psalms 106:1; Psalms 107:1; Psalms 118:1, Psalms 118:2, Psalms 118:3, Psalms 118:4, Psalms 118:29; Psalms 136:1-26 (26 times); חסדךָ לעולם Psalms 138:8; ח׳ מעולם ועד עולם Psalms 103:17; ח׳ עולם Isaiah 54:8; ח׳ אל כל היום Psalms 52:3.

good: כִּי־טוֹב חַסְדְּךָ Psalms 69:17; Psalms 109:21; כי טוב חסדךָ מחיים Psalms 63:4.

plural mercies, deeds of kindness, the historic displays of lovingkindness to Israel: shewn to Jacob Genesis 32:11; but mostly late Isaiah 63:7 Psalms 25:6; Psalms 89:2; כְּרֹב חסדיו Isaiah 63:7, see 3 a; promised in the Davidic covenant Psalms 89:50; חַסְדֵי דָוִיד mercies to David Isaiah 55:3; II Chronicles 6:42; mercies in general Lamentations 3:22 Psalms 17:7; Psalms 107:43—חֶסֶד in n.pr.m. בן־ח׳ see sub בֵּן. On Leviticus 20:17; Proverbs 14:34 see ii. חֶסֶד sub II. חסד.

חָסִיד

adjectivem. kind, pious (so, as denoting active practice of חֶסֶד, kindness, Gesenius' Thesaurus Muhlau-Volck De and most, compare קָצִיר, פָּקִיד etc.; > Hup on Psalms 4:4 RVm who expl. as passive reception of י׳’s חֶסֶד, compare שָׂכִיר, אָסִיר etc.; its use as attribute of God Jeremiah 3:12 Psalms 145:17, and the context Psalms 12:1 Micah 7:2 etc., favour active sense)—ח׳ Psalms 4:4 + 9 times; חֲסִידֶ֑ךָ Deuteronomy 33:8 Psalms 89:20; חֲסִידְיךָ֯ Psalms 16:10; plural חֲסִידִים Psalms 149:1, Psalms 149:5; with suffix חֲסִידָ֑י Psalms 50:5; חֲסִידָו֯ I Samuel 2:9 + 15 times sfs.;—

kind:

of man עם ח׳ תתחסד with the kind thou shewest thyself kind II Samuel 22:26 = Psalms 18:26.

of wing of ostrich אִם אֶבְרָה חֲסִידָה Job 39:13 is it a kindly pinion? poss. with play on חֲסִידָה noun (fem.) stork (is the ostrich kind like the stork?).

of God, only Jeremiah 3:12 Psalms 145:17.

pious, godly, either as exhibition of ‘duteous love’ toward God (Cheyne^{OP 378}), or (in view of rarity of such passages as Hosea 6:4, Hosea 6:6; Jeremiah 2:2, and their possible ambiguity) because kindness, as prominent in the godly, comes to imply other attributes, and to be a designation of the godly character, piety:

as adjective—גּוֹי לא חסיד a nation, not pious, = ungodly Psalms 43:1.

elsewhere as noun: sing., a pious man, the godly Psalms 4:4; Psalms 12:2; Psalms 32:6; Psalms 86:2, ‖ יָשָׁר Micah 7:2; (thy) pious one(s) Psalms 16:10 (Kt plural), I Samuel 2:9 (Qr plural) Proverbs 2:8, אִישׁ חֲסִידֶ֑ךָ men of thy pious one Deuteronomy 33:8 (Moses, see Dillmann; others, the man, thy godly one, that is Levi); plural the pious, godly, those of the people who were faithful, devoted to God’s service, only in Psalter and chiefly, if not entirely, in late Psalms Psalms 149:1, Psalms 149:5; his pious ones Psalms 30:5; Psalms 31:24; Psalms 37:28; Psalms 85:9; Psalms 97:10; Psalms 116:15; Psalms 148:14; Psalms 149:9; thy pious ones Psalms 52:11; Psalms 79:2; Psalms 89:20; Psalms 132:9 = II Chronicles 6:41, Psalms 145:10; my pious ones Psalms 50:Psalms 5, her (Zion’s) pious Psalms 132:16.—(In Maccab. age, συναγωγὴ Ἀσιδαίων denoted, technically, the party of the pious, who opposed the Hellenization of Judaea, see The Book of Maccabees I (Kahana Translation) 2:42; compare The Book of Maccabees I (Kahana Translation) 7:13 The Book of Maccabees II 14:6 and Cheyne^{OP 48, 56}; so perhaps Psalms 116:15; Psalms 149:1, Psalms 149:5, Psalms 149:9.)

חֲסִידָה

noun (fem.) stork (so called as kind and affectionate to its young)—Leviticus 11:19 = Deuteronomy 14:18; Psalms 104:17; Jeremiah 8:7; Zechariah 5:9; compare Lat. pietaticultrix.

חֶ֫סֶד²

noun (masc.) shame, reproach, only absolute:—ח׳ הוּא Leviticus 20:17 it is a shame (shameful thing); ח׳ לְאֻמִּים חַטָּאת Proverbs 14:34 sin is a reproach to peoples.

חֹסָה

n.pr.m. (refuge)—name of one of the Levitical doorkeepers of the temple I Chronicles 16:38; I Chronicles 26:10, I Chronicles 26:11, I Chronicles 26:16.

n.pr.location place in the tribe of Asher Joshua 19:29; site unknown; Septuagint Ιασιφ, A Σουσα, SeptuagintL Ωσα.

חָסִיל

noun (masc.) a kind of locust (singular coll.), always absolute ח׳, and always as destructive; I Kings 8:37 = II Chronicles 6:28 Psalms 78:46 (all ‖ אַרְבֶּה), Joel 1:4; Joel 2:25 (‖ יָ֑לֶק, אַרְבֶּה, גָּוָם); compare אֹסֶף הֶחָ׳ Isaiah 33:4 the gathering of the locust, in sim. of despoiling of Assyria (‖ גֵּבִים).

חֹ֫סֶן

noun (masc.) ^{Proverbs 15:6} wealth, treasure (on relation to √ meaning compare חַיִל)—ח׳ absolute Proverbs 15:6 + 2 times; construct Isaiah 33:6; Jeremiah 20:5;—wealth, treasure, of individuals Proverbs 15:6 (ח׳ רַב, opposite נֶעְכָּ֑רֶת), Proverbs 27:24 (‖ נֵזֶר), Ezekiel 22:25 (‖ יְקָר); of city ח׳ הָעִיר הַזֹּאת Jeremiah 20:5 (‖ יְגִיעַ, יְקָר, אוֹצָרוֹת); in transf. sense ח׳ יְשׁוּעֹת, wealth (or abundance VB) of salvations, ח׳ יְשׁ׳ חָכְמַת וָדָ֑עַת יִרְאַת י׳ הִיא אוֹצָרוֹ Isaiah 33:6 and stability of thy times shall be abundance of salvations (helps, deliverances), etc.

חֲסִין

adjective strong, mighty (Aramaism);—only מִי־כָמוֹךָ חֲסִין יָהּ Psalms 89:9.

חָסֵר

verb lack, need, be lacking, decrease (see Lagarde ^{BN 143}; Mishnaic Hebrew חִסֵּר cause to lack or fail, diminish (active), and deriv.; Aramaic חֲסַר, ܚܣܰܪ, want, lack, and deriv., compare Phoenician מחסר, see מחסור below; Arabic حَسَرَ remove, strip off; disappear, retire (of water), fail (of sight), etc.; perhaps also Ethiopic ኀስረ: be inferior, worthless, diminished Dillmann ⁵⁹⁰ and deriv.)—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ח׳ I Kings 17:16; 2nd masculine singular חָסַרְתָּ Deuteronomy 2:7; 3rd plural חָסֵ֑רוּ Nehemiah 9:21; 1st plural חָסַרְנוּ Jeremiah 44:18; future (עתיד) יֶחְסַר Deuteronomy 15:8 + 2 times; יֶחְסָ֑ר Proverbs 31:11 Ecclesiastes 9:8; 3rd feminine singular תֶּחְסָ֑ר I Kings 17:14; Proverbs 13:25; 2nd masculine singular תֶּחְסַר Deuteronomy 8:9; 1st singular אֶחְסָ֑ר Psalms 23:1; plural יַחְסְרוּ Psalms 34:11; Ezekiel 4:17; וַיַּחְסְרוּ Genesis 8:3; יַחְסְרוּן Genesis 18:28; infinitive (מקור) construct חֲסַר Proverbs 10:21 Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 238 a, compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) §45. 1 a; absolute חָסוֹר Genesis 8:5; participle (בינוני) חָסֵר I Kings 11:22; Ecclesiastes 10:3 (see חָסֵר below);—

lack:

with a direct object Genesis 18:28 perchance the fifty righteous lack five, Deuteronomy 2:7 thou hast not lacked anything, Deuteronomy 8:9; Jeremiah 44:18; I Kings 11:22; Ezekiel 4:17 Psalms 34:11; Proverbs 31:11, compare also בַּחֲסַר־לֵב Proverbs 10:21 by lacking intelligence (sense), (Dillmann puts here Deuteronomy 15:8 see below)

absolute be in want, want Psalms 23:1; Proverbs 13:25; Nehemiah 9:21.

be lacking, מַחְסֹרוֹ אֲשֶׁר יֶח׳ לוֹ Deuteronomy 15:8 his lack (that is thing needed), which is lacking to him (possible also is, which he lacks for himself, so Dillmann, see above); שֶׁמֶן עַל־רֹאְשְׁךָ אַל־יֶח׳ Ecclesiastes 9:8 oil on thy head let it not be lacking; see also absolute Isaiah 51:14; Song of Songs 7:3, and לִבּוֹ חָסֵר Ecclesiastes 10:3 his sense is lacking; of jar of oil I Kings 17:14, I Kings 17:16 (absolute) by meton. for the oil itself (compare ‖ כלה be consumed, exhausted).

diminish, decrease, of waters Genesis 8:3, compare הָלוֹךְ וְחָסוֹר v Genesis 8:5, waters continually diminished (see הלך above p. 233b).

cause to lack, with a direct object person, future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular with suffix וַתְּחַסְּרֵהוּ מעט מֵאֱלהים Psalms 8:6 and thou didst make him lack little of God; participle (בינוני) וּמְחַסֵּר את־נפשׁי מִטּוֹבָה Ecclesiastes 4:8 for whom am I labouring and depriving myself of good things?

past (עבר) הֶחֱסִיר Exodus 16:18; future (עתיד) יַחְסִיר Isaiah 32:6;—cause to be lacking, fail, with a direct object rei מַשְׁקֵה צָמֵא יַח׳ Isaiah 32:6; the drink of the thirsty he causeth to fail (‖ לְהָרִיק נפשׁ רָעֵב); absolute Exodus 16:18, he that gathered little caused no lack.

חֶ֫סֶר

noun (masc.) ^{Proverbs 28:22} want, poverty—always absolute; ח׳ יְבֹאֶנּוּ Proverbs 28:22 want shall come to him; ‖ כָּפָן hunger Job 30:3.

חָסֵר²

adjective needy, lacking, in want of—ח׳ absolute Ecclesiastes 6:2; construct חֲסַר I Samuel 21:16 + 13 times;—needy, in want of ח׳ משׁגעים אני I Samuel 21:16 am I in want of madmen? II Samuel 3:29 in need of bread, so Proverbs 12:9; usually חֲסַר־לֵב lacking understanding, sense Proverbs 6:32; Proverbs 7:7; Proverbs 9:4, Proverbs 9:16; Proverbs 10:13; Proverbs 11:12; Proverbs 12:11; Proverbs 15:21; אָדָם ח׳־לֵב Proverbs 17:18; Proverbs 24:30; נָּגִיד ח׳ תְּבוּנוֹת Proverbs 28:16; אֵינֶנּוּ חָסֵר לְנַפְשׁוֹ מִכֹּל וג׳ Ecclesiastes 6:2 neither is he lacking for his soul in aught of (מן particle) all that he desireth.

חַסְרָה

n.pr.m. grandfather of Shallum who was husband of Huldah the prophetess (Septuagint A Εσσερη, SeptuagintL Ασερ) = חַרְחַס II Kings 22:14 (Septuagint Αραας, SeptuagintL Αδρα) II Chronicles 34:22.

חַף

see ii. חפף.

חָפָה

verb cover (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, especially Pi.; Aramaic חֲפָא, ܚܦܳܐ (especially Pa.); Arabic خَفِىَ be hidden, خَفَى hide)—

past (עבר) חָפוּ II Samuel 15:30 + 3 times; participle (בינוני) חָפוּי II Samuel 15:30; construct חֲפוּי Esther 6:12;—cover the head (רֹאשׁ), in token of grief II Samuel 15:30 Jeremiah 14:3, Jeremiah 14:4; pt. agrees with ר׳ II Samuel 15:30; חֲפוּי רֹאשׁ (‖ אָבֵל) Esther 6:12; in token of sentence of death Esther 7:8.

participle (בינוני) f. נֶחְפָּה Psalms 68:14 (כנפי יונה נ׳), c. בְּ of material.

past (עבר) (late) חִפָּה II Chronicles 3:5, II Chronicles 3:9; future (עתיד) וַיְחַף II Chronicles 3:7; with suffix וַיְחַפֵּהוּ II Chronicles 3:5, II Chronicles 3:8; overlay followed by 2 direct object (one of material) II Chronicles 3:5^(×2), II Chronicles 3:7, II Chronicles 3:8, II Chronicles 3:9.

חֻפָּה

ii. חֻפָּה see sub חפף.

חֹ֫פֶן

n.[m.] hollow of hand (Mishnaic Hebrew חוֹפֶן, Aramaic חָפְנִי, חוּפְנָא, ܚܽܘܦܢܳܐ; Ethiopic ሕፍን: —also Arabic حُفْنَةٌ hollow in the ground; and, according to Zehnpfund ^{BAS i, 635}, Assyrian ḫupunnu, bowl, but ḫ = ح ?)—only dual חָפְנַיִם Ecclesiastes 4:6; construct חָפְנֵי Ezekiel 10:7 (del. Co intern. grounds); with suffix חָפְנֶיךָ Ezekiel 10:2; חָפְנָיו Leviticus 16:12 Proverbs 30:4; חָפְנֵיכֶם Exodus 9:8; מַלֵּא ח׳ Ezekiel 10:2 + v Ezekiel 10:7 (del. Co compare above);—מְלֹא ח׳ = handful Exodus 9:8 Leviticus 16:12 (both P), Ecclesiastes 4:6, material follows in implic. direct object; מי־אסף רוח בח׳ Proverbs 30:4.

חָפְנִי

n.pr.m. (Sab. n.pr. חפן Hal ^{Noldeke. 14})—one of Eli’s two sons I Samuel 1:3; I Samuel 2:34; I Samuel 4:4, I Samuel 4:11, I Samuel 4:17.

חָפַף

verb enclose, surround, cover (Arabic حَفَّ, surround, حِفَافٌ side, or border of a thing)—only

participle (בינוני) חֹפֵף עָלָיו Deuteronomy 33:12 (poem) he (י׳) is covering him over, figuratively of י׳’s sheltering Benj. (in temple; on omission of subj. see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 116. 5. R 3).

חוֹף²

n.[m.] shore, coast (as surrounding, enclosing)—ח׳ only construct Genesis 49:13^(×2) + 5 times:—shore of sea ח׳ הַיָּם Deuteronomy 1:7 Joshua 9:1 (both D), Judges 5:17; Jeremiah 47:7; Ezekiel 25:16; ח׳ יַמִּים Genesis 49:13 (poem); ח׳ אֳנִיּוֹת v Genesis 49:13 the shore of ships, that is to which ships come.

חֻפָּה²

noun (fem.) canopy, chamber (as covering, enclosing)—absolute ח׳ Isaiah 4:5; with suffix חֻפָּתוֹ Psalms 19:6; חֻפָּתָהּ Joel 2:16;—

canopy, על־כל־כבוד ח׳ Isaiah 4:5 over all glory a canopy (for protection).

chamber, of bridegroom Psalms 19:6 (metaphorically of sun rising); of bride Joel 2:16 (‖ חֶדֶר of bridegroom).

חֻפָּה³

n.pr.m. I Chronicles 24:13 priest of 13th course Septuagint Οφφα.

חַף²

adjective clean—only זַךְ אֲנִי בְּלִי֫ פָ֥שַׁע חַף אָנֹכִ֑י Job 33:9 I am pure, without transgression, I am clean (in speech of Elihu).

חָפֵץ

verb delight in (compare Arabic حَفِظَ be mindful of, attentive to, keep, protect, Aramaic ܚܦܛ whence ܚܦܺܝܛ eager, zealous, Arabic حَفِيظَةٌ anger (excitement), أَحْفَظَ enrage (Aramaic and Arabic of excited attention, Hebrew of delighted attention), Delitzsch ^{Pr 168} Noldeke ^{ZMG 1886, 742}; Mishnaic Hebrew חֵפֶץ weakened to thing, see De ^{Ec. Gloss.}, Phoenician in n.pr. חפצבעל);—

past (עבר) ח׳ Genesis 34:19 + 28 times; f. חָפֵ֑צָה Isaiah 66:3; 2nd masculine חָפַצְתָּ Deuteronomy 21:14 + 4 times; חָפָ֫צְנוּ Job 21:14, etc., + 14 times past (עבר); future (עתיד) יַחְפֹּץ Deuteronomy 25:7 + 7 times; יֶחְפָּ֑ץ Psalms 37:23; Psalms 147:10; plural יַחְפְּצוּ Isaiah 13:17; Jeremiah 6:10; יֶחְפָּ֑צוּ Psalms 68:31; יֶחְפָּצוּ֑ן Isaiah 58:2^(×2) etc. + 9 times future (עתיד); infinitive (מקור) absolute חָפֹץ Ezekiel 18:23; on participle (בינוני) חָפֵץ = adjective verb., see below;—

of men:

take pleasure in, delight in, c. בְּ, a woman Genesis 34:19, Deuteronomy 21:14; Esther 2:14; a man I Samuel 18:22; I Samuel 19:1 II Samuel 20:11; in matters and things II Samuel 24:3; Isaiah 13:17; Isaiah 66:3; Jeremiah 6:10 Psalms 109:17; Psalms 112:1; Psalms 119:35; Proverbs 18:2; Esther 6:6, Esther 6:7, Esther 6:9^(×2), Esther 6:11; with a direct object Psalms 68:31 Isaiah 58:2; Ecclesiastes 8:3; implic. obj. Psalms 73:25.

delight, desire, be pleased to do a thing, would do it Deuteronomy 25:7, Deuteronomy 25:8 I Kings 9:1; Esther 6:6 Ruth 3:13 Psalms 40:9; Job 9:3; Job 13:3; Job 21:14; Job 33:32; Isaiah 58:2; Jeremiah 42:22.

absolute עַד שֶׁתֶּחְפָּ֑ץ until it please (of love) Song of Songs 2:7; Song of Songs 3:5; Song of Songs 8:4.

of God:

delight in, have pleasure in, c. בְּ, persons Numbers 14:8, II Samuel 15:26; II Samuel 22:20 = Psalms 18:20, I Kings 10:9 = II Chronicles 9:8, Psalms 22:9; Psalms 41:12; Isaiah 62:4; not in the strength of a horse Psalms 147:10; in doing evil Malachi 2:17; in the death of the sinner Ezekiel 18:32; Ezekiel 33:11; but in mercy, justice, and righteousness Jeremiah 9:23; בחר באשׁר (לא) חפצתי Isaiah 56:4; Isaiah 65:12; Isaiah 66:4; not with (direct object) the blood of bullocks Isaiah 1:11; זבח(ים) Psalms 40:7; Psalms 51:18, Psalms 51:21, or the death of the sinner Exodus 18:23^(×2); but with חסד Hosea 6:6 Micah 7:18, אמת Psalms 51:8; with the way of a man Psalms 37:23; כל אשׁר חפץ Psalms 115:3; Psalms 135:6 Proverbs 21:1; אשׁר חפץ Isaiah 55:11; Jonah 1:14.

pleased to do a thing c. inf. Judges 13:23 I Samuel 2:25; Isaiah 53:10.

with impf. subj. (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § ^142(3)c) י׳ חָפֵץ יגדיל תּורה Yahweh was pleased to magnify teaching Isaiah 42:21.—On Job 40:17 see חָפַץ.

חָפֵץ²

adjective verb. delighting in, having pleasure in;—ח׳ Psalms 5:5 + 4 times; plural חֲפֵצִים Malachi 3:1 Nehemiah 1:11; construct חֲפֵצֵי Psalms 35:27 + 2 times; with suffix חֶפְצֵיהֶם Psalms 111:2; f. חֲפֵצָ֑ה I Chronicles 28:9;—

of man, with a direct object Psalms 34:13; Psalms 35:27 Malachi 3:1; c. inf. Nehemiah 1:11; absolute הֶחָפֵץ whosoever would I Kings 13:33; אם חפץ אתה if thou pleasest I Kings 21:6; נֶפֶשׁ חֲפֵצָה willing soul I Chronicles 28:9; plural construct before nouns absolute Psalms 35:22; Psalms 40:15 = Psalms 70:3; דְּרוּשִׁים לְכָל־חֶפְצֵיהֶם studied of all who take pleasure in them Psalms 111:2.

of God, לֹא אֵל־חָפֵץ רֶשַׁע אַתָּה thou art not a God taking pleasure in wickedness Psalms 5:5.

חֵ֫פֶץ

noun (masc.) ^{Proverbs 3:15} delight, pleasure;—ח׳ Isaiah 54:12 + 20 times; with suffix חֶפְצְךָ Isaiah 58:13 etc. + 13 times sfs.; plural חֲפָצִים Proverbs 8:11; with suffix חֲפָצֶיךָ Proverbs 3:15; חֲפָצֶ֖ךָ Isaiah 58:13—

delight אבני ח׳ Isaiah 54:12 delightful stones; אֶרֶץ ח׳ Malachi 3:12 delightsome land; דִּבְרֵי ח׳ Ecclesiastes 12:10; so perhaps also בִּגְדֵי ח׳ Ezekiel 27:20 garments of delight, that is of beauty and luxury (Gratz; Masoretic Text חֹפֶשׁ q.see); c. בְּ of persons Psalms 16:3; Ecclesiastes 5:3 Malachi 1:10; of things I Samuel 15:22; I Samuel 18:25 Psalms 1:2; Job 21:21; Ecclesiastes 12:1; כְּלִי אֵין חֵפֶץ בּוֹ vessel wherein is no pleasure Jeremiah 22:28; Jeremiah 48:38; Hosea 8:8; הַחֵפֶץ לְשַׁדַּי כִּי Job 22:3 is it a pleasure to Shadday that?

desire, longing מנע מח׳ דלים Job 31:16 withhold the poor from (their) desire; מְחוֹז חֶפְצָם the city of their desire Psalms 107:30; כל חפץ all (one’s) desire II Samuel 23:5 I Kings 5:22, I Kings 5:23, I Kings 5:24; I Kings 9:11, I Kings 10:13 = II Chronicles 9:12; כל חפצים all things to be desired Proverbs 3:15; Proverbs 8:11.

the good pleasure, will, purpose, of Yahweh Judges 13:23 Isaiah 44:28; Isaiah 46:10; Isaiah 48:14.

that in which one takes delight, his business (late), or matter (very late, compare Mish. = thing) חֵפֶץ י׳ בְּיָדוֹ יִצְלַח the good pleasure (cause, business) of Yahweh will prosper in his hands Isaiah 53:10; - Isaiah 58:3, Isaiah 58:13; עֲשׂוֹת חֲפָצֶךָ doing thy affairs Isaiah 58:13 (see De in loco); בְּחֵפֶץ כַּפֶּיהָ in the business of her hands Proverbs 31:13; עֵת לְכָל־חֵפֶץ time for every matter, affair Ecclesiastes 3:1, Ecclesiastes 3:17; Ecclesiastes 8:6; אַל־תִּתְמַהּ עַל־הַחֵפֶץ marvel not at the matter Ecclesiastes 5:7.

—חפץ is not used in any of its forms in E D² H P of the Hexateuch.

חָפַץ

verb bend down (Arabic خَفَضَ lower, depress, as wings Qor 15:88)—only

future (עתיד) יַחְפֹּץ זְנָכוֹ כְמוֹ־אֶרֶז Job 40:17; he bendeth down (extendeth down stiffly) his tail like a cedar, see Wetzstein in De ^{Job 526} Hitzig ^{Hiob 299}.

חָפַר

verb dig, search for (Arabic حَفَرَ the same; Aramaic חֲפַר, ܚܦܰܪ, the same; Mishnaic Hebrew חֵפֶר act of digging)—

past (עבר) ח׳ Job 39:29; וְחָפַרְתָּ֫ Job 11:18; וְחָפַרְתָּ֫ה Deuteronomy 23:14; חָפַרְתִּי Genesis 21:30; חָֽפְרוּ Genesis 26:18 + 2 times; חָפָ֑רוּ Genesis 26:32; חֲפָרוּהָ Numbers 21:18; future (עתיד) וַיַּחְפֹּר Genesis 26:18, Genesis 26:22; וַיַּחְפִּרֵהוּ Psalms 7:16; וָאֶחְפֹּר Jeremiah 13:7; יַחְפְּדוּ Job 39:21 (but read יַחְפֹּר so Septuagint Vulgate Peshitta Dillmann) Deuteronomy 1:22; וַיַּחְפְּרוּ Genesis 26:19 + 2 times; וַיַּחְפְּרֻהוּ Job 3:21; infinitive (מקור) construct לַחְפֹּר Joshua 2:2, Joshua 2:3 + Isaiah 2:20 (compare below); participle (בינוני) חֹפֵר Ecclesiastes 10:8;—

dig:

a well, with a direct object בְּאֵר Genesis 21:30, Genesis 26:15, Genesis 26:18^(×2), Genesis 26:19, Genesis 26:21, Genesis 26:22, Genesis 26:32, Numbers 21:18; compare Exodus 7:24; dig (a hole, implied as obj.) Deuteronomy 23:14; a pit, with hostile purpose, as snare or trap, figuratively of malicious plan, with a direct object בּוֹר Psalms 7:16 (‖ כָּרָה); so with a direct object גומץ Ecclesiastes 10:8, compare ח׳ לְנַפְשִׁי [שַׁחַת] Psalms 35:7; of horse, dig, that is paw the ground, יַחְפֹּר בָּעֵמֶק Job 39:21 (so read, see above) he paweth in the valley (compare Arabic حَافِرٌ hoof).

dig for something hidden, with a direct object Job 3:21 (figuratively of longing for death), Jeremiah 13:7 (no obj. expr.)

search, search out, explore, with a direct object הָאָרֶץ Joshua 2:2, Joshua 2:3, Deuteronomy 1:22; of eagle, search for food, with a direct object ח׳ אֹכֶל Job 39:29, with especially reference to keen vision (‖ מֵרָחוֹק עֵינָיו יַבִּיטוּ); so = search or look carefully about before going to rest Job 11:18 (no obj.).—לַחְפֹּר Isaiah 2:20 see חֲפַרְפָּרָה below

חֵ֫פֶר

n.pr.m.

a Manassite Numbers 26:32, Numbers 26:33; Numbers 27:1 Joshua 17:2, Joshua 17:3, Septuagint Οφερ.

a man of Judah I Chronicles 4:6; Septuagint Ηφαλ, SeptuagintL Αφερ.

one of David’s heroes, according to I Chronicles 11:36 (but on text see Be VB and Driver II Samuel 23:36).

חֵ֫פֶר²

n.pr.location

Canaanitish town, with a king, named just before Aphek Joshua 12:17, exact site unknown.

I Kings 4:10 in Judah (ארץ ח׳);—on גִּ֫תָּה ח׳ Joshua 19:13, גַּת הַח׳ II Kings 14:25, see גַּת sub יגן.

חֲפַרְפָּרָה

see sub I. חפר.

חָפַשׂ

verb search (Targum Yerushalmi חֲפַס dig, seek; Pal. Syriac dig (Schw); perhaps Assyrian êppêšu, êtpêšu, sensible, Lyon^{Sargontexte 65})—

future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular with suffix תַּחְפְּשֶׂ֫נָּה Proverbs 2:4; יַחְפְּשׂוּ Psalms 64:7; נַחְפְּשָׂה Lamentations 3:40; participle (בינוני) חֹפֵשׂ Proverbs 20:27;—search, search out, figuratively;

search for, obj. בִּינָה etc. Proverbs 2:4 (‖ בקשׁ).

= think out, devise, with a direct object עולות unjust acts Psalms 64:7 (compare also sub Pu.)

search = test, Lamentations 3:40 (obj. דרכינו; ‖ חקר), Proverbs 20:27.

past (עבר) נֶחְפְּשׂוּ Ob⁶ subj. עֵשָׂו coll.; searched out = exposed and plundered (‖ נִבְעוּ מַצְפּוּנָיו).

past (עבר) וְחִפַּשְׂתִּ֫י I Samuel 23:23; וְחִפְּשׂוּ I Kings 20:6; future (עתיד) וַיְחַפֵּשׂ Genesis 31:35 + 2 times; אֲחַפֵּשׂ Amos 9:3 Zephaniah 1:12; imperative (ציווי) חַפְּשׂוּ II Kings 10:23;—

search through, with a direct object, a house I Kings 20:6, Jerusalem (metaphorically) Zephaniah 1:12; no obj. expr. II Kings 10:23.

search for:

a person with a direct object I Samuel 23:23.

a thing, with a direct object Genesis 44:12 (J; Joseph searching for his cup); Genesis 31:35 (E; no obj. expr., Laban looking for his teraphim); Amos 9:3 (י׳ searching for evildoers), Psalms 77:7 (soul searching to understand י׳’s dealings with his servants).

future (עתיד) יְחֻפַּשׂ Proverbs 28:12 be searched for = be hidden; participle (בינוני) מְחֻפָּשׂ Psalms 64:7 in חֵפֶשׂ מ׳ = a searched out search, that is a device well thought out (compare Cheyne; ‖ Qal q.see); see also חֵ֫פֶשׂ.

past (עבר) הִתְחַפֵּשׂ II Chronicles 35:22 (but Septuagint הִתְחַזֵּק, compare also Vulgate Peshitta 3 Esdr 1:26, so Be Öt); future (עתיד) יִתְחַפֵּשׂ Job 30:18; וַיִּתְחַפֵּשׂ I Samuel 28:8 + 3 times; infinitive (מקור) absolute הִתְחַפֵּשׂ I Kings 22:30 = II Chronicles 18:29;—disguise oneself (literally let oneself be searched for) I Samuel 28:8 I Kings 22:30^(×2) = II Chronicles 18:29^(×2), II Chronicles 35:22 (but see above), all of disguise by change of garments; I Kings 20:38 באפר that is with headgear over eyes; subj. לבושׁ Job 30:18, that is his garment is disguised, no longer looks like the mantle it is.

חֵ֫פֶשׂ

n.[m.] a (shrewd) device, plot, only in תָּֽמְנוּ ח׳ מְחֻפָּשׂ Psalms 64:7 (compare חָפַשׂ above)

חָפַשׁ

verb be free—only

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular כִּי לֹא חֻפָּ֑שָׁה Leviticus 19:20, because she was not freed (a freed-woman).

חֹ֫פֶשׁ

n.[m.] very doubtful; only בִּגְדֵי־חֹ֫פֶשׁ לְרִכְבָּה Ezekiel 27:20 wide-spread (?) garments for riding, that is saddle-cloths, according to Gesenius' Thesaurus Smend Co Davidson al.; but meaning spread for √ purely conject.; Gratz suggests, plausibly, חֵ֫פֶץ (q.see)

חֻפְֿשָׁה

noun (fem.) freedom, only ח׳ לא נִתַּן־לָהּ Leviticus 19:20 freedom had not been given to her.

חָפְשִׁי

adjective free (Mishnaic Hebrew the same)—ח׳ Exodus 21:5 + 10 times + Psalms 88:6; plural חָפְשִׁים Isaiah 58:6 + 4 times—

free from slavery: of Hebrew bondslave (male or female) set free in 7th year Exodus 21:2, Exodus 21:5, Deuteronomy 15:12, Deuteronomy 15:13, Deuteronomy 15:18, compare Jeremiah 34:9, Jeremiah 34:10, Jeremiah 34:11, Jeremiah 34:14, Jeremiah 34:16; of slave (male or female) set free on account of injury done Exodus 21:26, Exodus 21:27; עֶבֶד ח׳ מֵאֲדֹנָיו Job 3:19 a slave is free from his master (that is in Sheʾôl); but בַּמֵּתִים חָפְשִׁי Psalms 88:6 among the dead I am free (that is adrift, cut off from Yahweh’s remembrance); more generally, שַׁלַּח רְצוּצִים חָפְשִׁים Isaiah 58:6 to let oppressed ones go free.

free from taxes, obligations, etc. אֵת בֵּית אָבִיו יַעֲשֶׂה חָפְשִׁי בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל I Samuel 17:25 his father’s house will he make free in Israel.

חֵץ

see sub חצץ.

חָצַב

verb hew, hew out, cleave (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Aramaic חֲצַב; SI^4.6 pt. plural החצבם; compare Phoenician מחצב = Hebrew the same)—

past (עבר) חָצֵב Isaiah 5:2; חָֽצְבָה Proverbs 9:1; חָצַבְתִּי Hosea 6:5, etc.; future (עתיד) וַיַּחְצֹב II Chronicles 26:10; 2nd masculine singular תַּחְצֹב Deuteronomy 8:9; infinitive (מקור) construct לַחְצֹב Jeremiah 2:13; לַחְצוֹב I Chronicles 22:2; participle (בינוני) active חֹצֵב Isaiah 10:15 + 4 times; construct חֹצְבִי Isaiah 22:16; חֹצְבִים I Chronicles 22:2 + 3 times; חֹצְבֵי II Kings 12:13; passive חֲצוּבִים Deuteronomy 6:11 Nehemiah 9:25;—

hew out, (dig), wine-vat יֶקֶב Isaiah 5:2; sepulchre (קֶבֶר) Isaiah 22:16^(×2); cisterns בֹּרוֹת Deuteronomy 6:11^(×2) II Chronicles 26:10; Nehemiah 9:25, compare Jeremiah 2:13; of mining מהרריה תַּח׳ נחשׁת Deuteronomy 8:9 out of its mountains thou mayst hew out copper.

hew stone I Chronicles 22:2; metaphorically of pillars Proverbs 9:1 (subj. wisdom); elsewhere pt., hewer of stone II Kings 12:13; I Chronicles 22:2, I Chronicles 22:15 (see SI^4.6 above); probably I Kings 5:29; II Chronicles 2:1, II Chronicles 2:17 (ח׳ בָּהָר see Be), compare II Chronicles 24:12; Ezra 3:7.

appar. hew wood Isaiah 10:15 ח׳ בוֹ (that is בְּגַרְזֶן).

metaphorically hew in pieces Hosea 6:5 figuratively of י׳ attacking people by agency of prophets (‖ הֲרַגְתִּים); divide, cleave subj. י׳’s voice Psalms 29:7 obj. להבות אשׁ, that is the thunder of his voice sends forked lightnings (but on text compare Cheyne and crit. n.)

future (עתיד) יֵחָצְבוּן be cut, hewn, graven (words on rock) Job 19:24.

past (עבר) חֻצַּבְתֶּם Isaiah 51:1 figuratively, hewn out of rock (of Isr.’s origin; ‖ נֻקַּר).

participle (בינוני) מַחֲצֶ֫בֶת Isaiah 51:9 hew in pieces = Qal 3, figuratively of destroying רהב = Egypt (compare Psalms 89:11).

חָצָה

verb divide (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic حَظِىَ / حُظِىَ is be fortunate, happy with one’s husband or wife, etc., that is have a share in happiness; حَظْوَةٌ a small arrow; Dillmann¹³⁴ puts here Ethiopic ሐጸ: arrow, compare חֵצִי)Qal past (עבר) חָצָה Numbers 31:42; וְחָצִיתָ consec. Numbers 31:27; וְחָצוּ consec. Exodus 21:35; future (עתיד) יֶחֱצֶה Isaiah 30:28; וַיַּ֫חַץ Genesis 32:8 + 2 times; וַיֶּחֱצֵם Judges 9:43; יֶחֱצוּ Psalms 55:24; יֶחֱצוּן Exodus 21:35; יֶחֱצוּהוּ Job 40:30;—

divide, followed by כסף Exodus 21:35; שׁור v Exodus 21:35 (both JE), לִוְיָתָן crocodile Job 40:30; prey, מלקוח, Numbers 31:27 (P; c. לְ before parts); a company of people Genesis 32:8 (followed by לְ as foregoing), Genesis 33:1 (both J) Judges 9:43 (לְ as foregoing) but compare Judges 7:16.

(appar. denom. from חֲצִי) Psalms 55:24 לא יח׳ ימיהם shall not halve their days, that is enjoy even half of the normal number; Isaiah 30:28 עד צואר יח׳ shall halve unto the neck = shall reach to the neck and so divide the man in half.

future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular apoc. תֵּחָץ Daniel 11:4 be divided (of kingdom), followed by לְ; ולא יֵחָ֫צוּ עוד לשׁני גוים Ezekiel 37:22 (Judah and Isr.); water of Jordan II Kings 2:8, II Kings 2:14.

חָצוֹת

noun (fem.) (infinitive (מקור) form.) division, middle—only construct כַּחֲצֹת הַלַּיְלָה Exodus 11:4—midnight; חֲצוֹת לַיְלָה Job 34:20 Psalms 119:62, where adverb. phr. of time (בְּ om.)

חֲצִי

noun (masc.) ^{Nu 12:12} half (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Phoenician חצי; on format. see Lagarde ^{BN 113})—absolute חֲצִי I Kings 3:25^(×2) + 3 times; הַחֵ֑צִי I Kings 10:7, compare I Kings 16:21; וָחֵ֔צִי Ezekiel 40:42; וָחֵצִי Daniel 12:7 + 13 times (usually c. Pashta or Tiphcha), compare בַּחֵ֖צִי II Samuel 10:4 I Chronicles 19:4; construct חֲצִי Exodus 12:29 + 84 times; with suffix חֶצְיוֹ Exodus 38:4 + 7 times + Joshua 8:33 וְהַחֶצְיוֹ (but art. suspicious see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 127 R 3, 4); חֶצְיָהּ Nehemiah 3:38; חֶצְיֵנוּ II Samuel 18:3; חֶצְיָם Zechariah 14:8^(×2) + 2 times—

half of anything:—blood of offering Exodus 24:6^(×2), beard II Samuel 10:4, a hin Numbers 15:9, Numbers 15:10; Numbers 28:14; curtain Exodus 26:12; week ח׳ השׁבוע Daniel 9:27 etc.; ח׳ אַמָּה half a cubit Exodus 26:16; Exodus 36:21 +; especially ח׳ שׁבט half a tribe Numbers 32:33; Numbers 34:13, Numbers 34:14, Numbers 34:15 +; half of people II Samuel 18:3; II Samuel 19:41; I Kings 16:21^(×3) +, etc. so ח׳ הַמְּנֻחוֹת I Chronicles 2:52 and ח׳ הַמָּנַחְתִּי v I Chronicles 2:54 (see Be and מָנַחַת sub נוח).—On כבחצי I Samuel 14:14 see Wellhausen Driver.

middle ח׳ הלילה Exodus 12:29 midnight, so Judges 16:3^(×2) Ruth 3:8; of garments II Samuel 10:4; I Chronicles 19:4; altar Exodus 27:5; of the Mt. of Olives Zechariah 14:4; ח׳ יָמַי Psalms 102:25 the midst of my days (when they are but half done), Jeremiah 17:11.

חָצַץ

verb divide (Mishnaic Hebrew make a partition; Assyrian ḫaṣâṣu, cut in two, Zim^{BP 24 n.}; Ethiopic ሐጸጸ: curtail, diminish)—

participle (בינוני) חֹצֵץ intr. Proverbs 30:27 of locusts ויצא ח׳ כלו; that is dividing (themselves) into companies or swarms.

participle (בינוני) מְחַצְצִים see II. חצץ.

past (עבר) מספר חדשׁיו חֻצָּ֑צוּ Job 21:21 the number of his months, they have been cut in two (figuratively for curtailed).

חָצָץ

n.[m.] gravel (as divided, comminuted; Aramaic חֲצִיצָא, ܚܨܳܨܳܐ )—only absolute ח׳ Proverbs 20:17; Lamentations 3:16 [חֲצָצֶיךָ Psalms 77:18 see חֵץ].—יִמָּלֵּא־פִיהוּ ח׳ Proverbs 20:17 figuratively of a liar; וַיַּגְרֵס בח׳ שִׁנָּ֑י Lamentations 3:16 and he hath crushed my teeth with gravel-stones, figuratively of י׳’s dealings with sufferer.

חֵץ²

noun (masc.) ^{1 S 20:20} arrow, mostly poet. and proph. (compare חֵצִי above sub חצה)—absolute ח׳ Psalms 91:5 + 9 times + I Samuel 17:7 Kt (Qr עֵץ q.see); construct the same II Kings 13:17^(×2); with suffix חִצִּי Job 34:6, חִצּוֹ Psalms 58:8 Zechariah 9:14, חִצָּם Psalms 11:2; Psalms 64:4; Pl. חִצִּים Genesis 49:23 + 17 times + I Samuel 20:38 Qr (Kt חֵ֫צִי q.see) + II Samuel 22:15 (< חִצָּיו ‖ Psalms 18:15); construct חִצֵּי Job 6:4 Psalms 120:4 + Ezekiel 5:16 (Co חִצַּי compare Septuagint Peshitta Hitzig); חִצַּי Deuteronomy 32:23, Deuteronomy 32:42 (Ezekiel 5:16 see above), חִצֶּיךָ Psalms 38:3 + 4 times חֲצָצֶיךָ Psalms 77:18; חִצָּיו Isaiah 5:28 + 5 times;—

literally, shot from bow by hand I Samuel 20:20, I Samuel 20:21^(×2), I Samuel 20:22 (Septuagint Wellhausen singular, that is הַחֵצִי, in v I Samuel 20:21, I Samuel 20:22, see also Driver) v I Samuel 20:36, I Samuel 20:38 Qr II Kings 19:32 = Isaiah 37:33, Isaiah 5:28; Isaiah 7:24; Jeremiah 50:9, Jeremiah 50:14; Jeremiah 51:11; Ezekiel 39:3, Ezekiel 39:9; I Chronicles 12:2; shot from engine of war II Chronicles 26:15; used in divination Ezekiel 21:26 compare II Kings 13:15^(×2), II Kings 13:17^(×2), II Kings 13:18; בַּעֲלֵי חִצִּים = archers Genesis 49:23.

figuratively of Israel’s weapons Numbers 24:8, of the (Messianic) king Psalms 45:6, of Yahweh’s judgments Deuteronomy 32:23, Deuteronomy 32:42; Job 6:4 (compare חִצִּי = my wound Job 34:6), Psalms 7:14; Psalms 38:3; Psalms 58:3 (but on text compare Cheyne^{crit. n.}) Psalms 64:8; Psalms 120:4 (? compare Cheyne); further Proverbs 7:23; Lamentations 3:12; Ezekiel 5:16; in theoph. Psalms 18:15 = II Samuel 22:15, compare Habakkuk 3:11 Zechariah 9:14 Psalms 77:18; Psalms 144:6; of wicked men’s violence Psalms 11:2 compare Psalms 91:5, under figuratively of lion’s teeth Psalms 57:5; their words Psalms 64:4 compare Proverbs 25:18; Jeremiah 9:8; simile, of strength and efficiency derived from one’s children, Psalms 127:4; of a deceiver’s words Proverbs 26:18; metaphorically of servant of ח׳ בָּרוּר י׳ Isaiah 49:2.—In I Samuel 17:7 read עֵץ (for חֵץ) as Qr and ‖ II Samuel 21:19 = the shaft; see עֵץ; so Klostermann Driver

חצצר

see IV. חצר.

חָצֵר

noun (masc.) Ezekiel 40:23 and (oftener) f. ^{1 K 6:36} enclosure, court—absolute ח׳ I Kings 7:8 +, חָצֵרָה Jeremiah 36:20; construct חֲצַר Exodus 27:9 +; with suffix חֲצֵרוֹ II Samuel 17:18; חֲצֵרוֹת Exodus 8:9 + 4 times; construct חַצְרֵי Nehemiah 13:7, חַצְרוֹת II Kings 21:5 + 10 times; with suffix חֲצֵרָ֑י Isaiah 1:12; Zechariah 3:7; חֲצֵרֶיךָ Psalms 65:5; Psalms 84:11; חֲצֵרוֹתָ֑י I Chronicles 28:6; חֲצֵרֹחָיו Psalms 100:4, לְחַצְרוֹתָ֑יו Psalms 96:8, וּבְחַצְרֹתֵיהֶם Nehemiah 8:16;—

enclosures (in Egypt), perhaps court-yards, or cattle-yards, distinct from houses and from fields Exodus 8:9.

court of private house II Samuel 17:18 (containing well), compare Nehemiah 8:16; of a palace, חָצֵר הָאַחֶרֶת I Kings 7:8 the other court, immediately surrounding palace, so called in distinct. from (הֶ)ח׳ הַגְּדוֹלָה v I Kings 7:9, I Kings 7:12 the great court, including ח׳ הא׳ and הֶח׳ הַפְּנִימִית of temple (see 3 b) in one great enclosure (see Stade^{Salomos Bauten, journal ZAW 1883, 152f.}); II Kings 20:4 (MSS. Qr Vrss The al.; Kt Ke al. הָעִיר), Jeremiah 36:20 Esther 1:5; Esther 2:11; Esther 4:11; Esther 5:1, Esther 5:2; Esther 6:4^(×2), Esther 6:5; ח׳ מַטָּרָה court of guard, place of (honourable) confinement Jeremiah 32:2 (in king’s house), v Jeremiah 32:8, Jeremiah 32:12; Jeremiah 33:1; Jeremiah 37:21^(×2); Jeremiah 38:6, Jeremiah 38:13, Jeremiah 38:28; Jeremiah 39:14, Jeremiah 39:15. Especially

court of tabernacle חֲצַר הַמִּשְׁכָּן Exodus 27:9, compare v Exodus 27:9, Exodus 27:12, Exodus 27:13 + 24 times Ex (all P; שַׁעַר הֶח׳ gate of the court Exodus 35:17; Exodus 38:15, Exodus 38:18, Exodus 38:31; Exodus 39:40; Exodus 40:8, Exodus 40:33); Leviticus 6:9, Leviticus 6:19; Numbers 3:26^(×2) (פֶּתַח הֶח׳), v Numbers 3:37; Numbers 4:26^(×2) (פֶּתַח שַׁעַר הֶח׳), v Numbers 4:32; courts of house of י׳ I Chronicles 23:28.

court(s) of Sol.’s temple, inner c. הֶח׳ הַפְּנִימית I Kings 6:36; I Kings 7:12 (but on text v Stade^l.c.) Ezekiel 8:16; Ezekiel 10:3 compare v Ezekiel 10:4; = upper c. הֶח׳ הָעֶלְיוֹן Jeremiah 36:10 (see Gf), and ח׳ הַכֹּהֲנִים II Chronicles 4:9 (where also הָעֲזָרָה הַגְּדוֹלָה, as often Ezek., also דְּלָתוֹת לָעֲזָרָה); outer court הֶח׳ הַחִיצֹנָה Ezekiel 10:5 = הֶח׳ הַחֲדָשָׁה II Chronicles 20:5; see further I Kings 8:64 = II Chronicles 7:7, II Chronicles 24:21; II Chronicles 29:16; Jeremiah 19:14; Jeremiah 26:2; Ezekiel 8:7; two courts II Kings 21:5 = II Chronicles 33:5, II Kings 23:12; courts Ezekiel 9:7; I Chronicles 28:12; II Chronicles 23:5; Nehemiah 8:1, Nehemiah 8:6; Nehemiah 13:7; often poet., courts of י׳ Isaiah 1:12; Isaiah 62:9 (ח׳ קדשׁי) Zechariah 3:7 Psalms 65:5; Psalms 84:3, Psalms 84:11; Psalms 96:8; Psalms 100:4; Psalms 116:19; Psalms 135:2.

courts of Ezek.’s temple Ezekiel 40:14 + 38 times Ezekiel 40-46 (of these read הַשַּׁעַר for החצר Ezekiel 40:19, Ezekiel 40:32 with Septuagint Hitzig Co; and החיצון for החצר Ezekiel 41:15 with Septuagint Ewald Co; compare Ezekiel 42:6 הַחִיצֹנוֹת for הַחֲצֵרוֹת); s. תִּיכוֹן on p. 1064.

חָצֵר²

noun (masc.) ^{Ne 11:25} settled abode, settlement, village (Lagarde^l.c.)—always plural, absolute חֲצֵרִים Joshua 19:8 + 5 times; construct חַצְרֵי I Chronicles 9:16; Nehemiah 12:28; with suffix חֲצֵרֶיהָ Joshua 21:12 + 4 times; חַצְרֵיהֶם I Chronicles 4:33 + 6 times; חַצְרֵיהֶן Joshua 13:23 + 24 times; Jos;—

settlements of Ishmaelites Genesis 25:16 (P; ‖טִירוֹת circles of tents); of עַוִּים Deuteronomy 2:23; of Kedar Isaiah 42:11 (‖ עָרִים); בָּתֵּי הַחֲצֵרִים אֲשֶׁר אֵין־לָהֶם חֹמָה סָבִיב Leviticus 25:31, houses of the villages which have no wall about them; מַאֲרַב חֲצֵרִים Psalms 10:8 lurking-place(s) of villages (that is where oppressor, as a wild beast, watches his opportunity to attack the defenceless). Usually

as dependencies of cities Joshua 15:46, with בְּנֹתֶיהָ (see above בַּת 4 p. 123) Joshua 15:45, Joshua 15:47⁽×2⁾ (all JE?); וְכָל־הַח׳ אֲשֶׁר סְבִיבוֹת הֶעָרִים Joshua 19:8, also Joshua 21:12 = I Chronicles 6:41, Nehemiah 12:29; also Joshua 13:23, Joshua 13:28; Joshua 15:32 + 23 times Jos (all P), Nehemiah 11:25, Nehemiah 11:30 (‖ בָּנוֹת v Nehemiah 11:25, Nehemiah 11:27 etc.), Nehemiah 12:28.

villages, not contrasted with cities (compare Isaiah 42:11 above) I Chronicles 9:16, I Chronicles 9:22, I Chronicles 9:25 (all of Levites).

ח׳ appar. incl. all settlements outside of Jerusalem הַח׳ בִּשְׂדֹתָם Nehemiah 11:25.—ח׳ in n.pr.location see below (and see Bla on Joshua 15:20-32).

חָצֵר הַתִּיכוֹן

n.pr.location Ezekiel 47:16 Septuagint Smend Co חָצֵ֫רָה עינון (q.see); it is described as אֲשֶׁר אֶל־גְּבוּל חַוְרָן; Wetzstein^{ZKW, 1884, see 114} identif. with Ḥaḍar (حَضَر) ‘at the foot of the eastern corner of Hermon.’

חָצוֹר

n.pr.location (Lagarde^{BN 47 f.})—Septuagint Ασωρ, etc.;

a royal city of northern Canaan Joshua 11:1 יָבִין מֶלֶךְ־ח׳, compare Joshua 12:19, and Judges 4:2, Judges 4:17; I Samuel 12:9; Joshua 11:10^(×2), Joshua 11:11, Joshua 11:13; Joshua 19:36; II Kings 15:29; חָצֹר I Kings 9:15.

places in the Negeb:

Joshua 15:25 וחָצוֹר חֲדַתָּה וּקְרִיּוֹת חֶצְרוֹן הִיא חָצוֹר.

חָצוֹר Nehemiah 11:33 a Benjamite town, probably = בַּעַל חָצוֹר q.see

מַמְלְכוֹת חָצוֹר אֲשֶׁר הִכָּה נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּו֯ר Jeremiah 49:28, compare v Jeremiah 49:30, Jeremiah 49:33, an Arabian locality, see Winer^{RW Hazor} Gf Gie.—עֵין ח׳ Joshua 19:37, see sub עַיִן.

חָצִיר

n.[m.] settled abode or haunt (‖ form of חָצֵר above, or textual error for it);—נְוֵה תַנִּים חָצִיר לִבְנוֹת יַעֲנָה Isaiah 34:13 a dwelling of jackals (and) a haunt for ostriches; also בִּנְוֵה תַנִּים רִבְצָהּ חָצִיר לְקָנֶה וָגֹ֑מֶא Isaiah 35:7 an abode, home, of reeds and rushes (so Cheyne Dillmann Duhm al.; others put this under ii. חָצִיר); Cheyne Duhm think the see mutilated, and would emend this line according to Isaiah 34:13.

חֶצְרוֹ

(n.pr.m. compare Sab. n.pr.m. חצֿר DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 56})—one of David’s heroes, called the Carmelite, חצרו II Samuel 23:35 Kt (חֶצְרַי Qr; Septuagint Ασαραι) = חֶצְרוֹ I Chronicles 11:37 Septuagint Ησεραι, Ασαραι, Εσρει.

חֶצְרוֹן

n.pr.location et person (compare Sab. חצֿרן n.pr.location vel. trib. Hal^{Noldeke. 651} DHM^{ZMG 1883, 15})—

n.pr.location Septuagint Ασωρων, Ασερων, Εσρωμ:

חֶצְרוֹן Joshua 15:3 place in extreme south of Judah, + אַדָּ֫רָה = חֲצַר־אַדָּר (q.see) Numbers 34:4.

קְרִיּוֹת חֶצְרוֹן הִיא חָצוֹר Joshua 15:25 another town of Judah in south.

n.pr.m. Septuagint Ασρωμ(ν), Εσρων, etc.:

חֶצְרֹן son of Reuben Genesis 46:9; Exodus 6:14; Numbers 26:6 = חֶצְרוֹן I Chronicles 5:3.

son of Pereṣ and grandson of Judah Genesis 46:12; Numbers 26:21 = חֶצְרוֹן Ruth 4:18, Ruth 4:19; I Chronicles 2:5, I Chronicles 2:9, I Chronicles 2:18, I Chronicles 2:21, I Chronicles 2:24^(×2), I Chronicles 2:25; I Chronicles 4:1.

חֲצֵרוֹת

n.pr.location Septuagint Ασηρωθ, a station of Isr. in wilderness: חֲצֵרוֹת Numbers 11:35^(×2); Numbers 12:16 = חֲצֵרֹת Numbers 33:17, Numbers 33:18; Deuteronomy 1:1.

חֲצַרְמָ֫וֶת

n.pr.m. (Arabic حَضْرَمَوْت, Sab. חצֿרמות, חצֿרמת, Os^{ZMG 1865, 239 ff.} DHM^{ZMG 1883, 18. 412})—a ‘son’ of יָקְטָן, 5th in order from Shem (שֵׁם, 1. אַרְפַּכְשַׁד; 2. שֶׁלַח; 3. עֵבֶר; 4. יָקְטָן; 5. ח׳) Genesis 10:26 = I Chronicles 1:20, Septuagint Ασαρ(α)μωθ; = n.pr.terr. a district in southern Arabia, where dwelt the Χατραμωτῖται (Strabo ^{xvi. 4. 2}); mod. Ḥaḍramaut (or Ḥaḍramût, see Maltzan^{ZMG 1871, 493} Mordt^{ZMG 1876, 323}, van d. Berg^{p. 9}, see below) is same land, but not quite co-extensive; see Dillmann Genesis 10:26, Ritter ^{Erdkunde xii (Arabien i) 609 ff.}, de Goeje^{Ḥadhr. 1886}, van den Berg^{Ḥadhramout, 1886}, Glaser^{Skizze ii. 20, 423 ff. etc.}; on its precise limits see especially Ritter ^{611 ff.}, de Goeje^l.c. van d. Berg ^{ch. 1}.

חָצִיר²

noun (masc.) ^{Is 15:6} green grass, herbage, absolute חָצִיר Numbers 11:5 + 16 times; construct חֲצִיר Isaiah 37:27 = II Kings 19:26, Psalms 129:6;—

grass, as food for animals I Kings 18:5; Job 40:15 Psalms 104:14; Psalms 147:8; Proverbs 27:25 (‖ דֶּשֶׁא and עֵשֶׂב), Isaiah 15:6 (‖ דֶּשֶׁא and יֶרֶק); spec. of leeks (as still sometimes in Aramaic, see Löw^{pp. 226, 228}) Numbers 11:5 (see Dillmann); in sim. of abundant growth Isaiah 44:4 (see Septuagint Ewald Cheyne); on Isaiah 35:7; see I. חָצִיר above

as type of what is quickly perishing Job 8:12, hence figuratively of perishing enemies חֲצִיר גַּגּוֹת Isaiah 37:27 = II Kings 19:26 (‖ דֶּשֶׁא, עֵשֶׂב), Psalms 129:6, that is having no depth of root; of wicked, soon to be cut down Psalms 37:2; with special reference to Israel’s oppressors Isaiah 40:6 (‖ ציץ [השׂרה]), v Isaiah 40:7 (‖ the same), v Isaiah 40:7, Isaiah 40:8 (‖ the same), Isaiah 51:12; in sim. of frail man Psalms 90:5; man’s days Psalms 103:15 (‖ ציץ השׂדה).

חֲצֹצְרָה

noun (fem.) clarion (Mishnaic Hebrew חֲצוֹצֶרֶת, Aramaic חֲצוֹצַרְתָּא)—mostly P and late;—absolute ח׳ Hosea 5:8; plural absolute חֲצֹצְרוֹת Numbers 10:8 + 22 times; חֲצֹצְרֹת Numbers 10:9, Numbers 10:10; construct the same Numbers 31:6; II Chronicles 13:12; חֲצוֹצְרֹת Numbers 10:2; clarion:

as secular instr. Hosea 5:8 (‖ שׁוֹפָר) II Kings 11:14^(×2) = II Chronicles 23:13^(×2).

as sacred instr. II Kings 12:14, especially for use by priests (only P, Psalms 98 and Chr).

תקע בח׳ (of blowing a single long blast) Numbers 10:3, Numbers 10:4, Numbers 10:7, Numbers 10:8, to gather congreg. or נשׂיא׳ together, and, on festivals, over sacrif., ‘to be remembered before י׳,’ v Numbers 10:10.

תקע תרועה בח׳, or הריע בח׳ (of sounding alarm,—a series of quick blasts) for camps to move Numbers 10:5, Numbers 10:6, also in battle, v Numbers 10:9, ‘to be remembered before י׳;’ so Numbers 31:6; II Chronicles 13:12 (compare v II Chronicles 13:14), both ח׳ התרועה.

especially in Chr’s descriptions of ceremonies at festivals, to express rejoicing: I Chronicles 13:8; I Chronicles 15:28 (‖ קוֹל שׁוֹפָר), I Chronicles 16:6, I Chronicles 16:42; II Chronicles 15:14 (‖ שׁוֹפָר), II Chronicles 20:28; II Chronicles 29:26, II Chronicles 29:27; Ezra 3:10; Nehemiah 12:35, Nehemiah 12:41, Psalms 98:6 (‖ קוֹל שׁוֹפָר); הָרִים קוֹל בח׳ II Chronicles 5:13; מחצצרים בח׳ I Chronicles 15:24; II Chronicles 5:12, II Chronicles 5:13; II Chronicles 13:14; in II Chronicles 29:28 this pt. agrees with noun in sense, and is masculine; and the clarions (= players on the clarions) sounded.—The חֲצֹצְרָה, or (sacred) clarion, was a long, straight, slender metal tube, with flaring end, see Benz^{Archäol 277}; distinguished thus from the שׁוֹפָר which was originally a ram’s horn, and probably always retained the horn-shape; the שׁוֹפָר is mentioned constantly in the earlier literally, and was used by watchmen, warriors, etc., as well as priests (see Benz^{ib. 276} and שׁוֹפָר).

חֻקָּה

see sub חקק.

חֲקוּפָא

n.pr.m. head of a family of returning exiles Ezra 2:51 = Nehemiah 7:52, Septuagint Αφεικα, Αχειφα, Ακουφα, etc.

חָקַק

verb cut in, inscribe, decree (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Aramaic חֲקַק, Zinj. חקק; Phoenician the same participle (בינוני) Hiph.; Arabic حَقَّ be just, right, obligatory, also make or decide to be just, etc.; حَقٌّ justness, truth, necessity, obligation; Ethiopic ሕቅ: adjective moderate, sufficient; compare also חקה)—

וְחַקּוֹתָ֫ Ezekiel 4:1; with suffix חַקֹּתִיךְ Isaiah 49:16; infinitive (מקור) with suffix בְּחֻקּוֹ Proverbs 8:27; בְּחוּקוֹ Proverbs 8:29 (assim. to בְּשׂוּמוֹ); imperative (ציווי) חֻקָּהּ Isaiah 30:8; participle (בינוני) חֹקְקִי Isaiah 22:16 (archaic ending Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 90. 3a) plural חֹקְקִים Isaiah 10:1; construct חוֹקְקֵי Judges 5:9 (poss. Poʿel = מחוקקי with מְ omitted, see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § ^{52 (2), note 6}); participle (בינוני) passive plural חֲקֻקִֿים Ezekiel 23:14 (Co חקוקים);—

cut in, with בְּ, Isaiah 22:16, of a dwelling-place = tomb, in a rock.

cut in or on, upon, engrave, inscribe, c. על on roll of a book Isaiah 30:8; representation of city on brick (as in Babylonia) Ezekiel 4:1; images on a wall Ezekiel 23:14; figuratively of Zion’s walls on palms of י׳ Isaiah 49:16.

trace, mark out, a circle, c. על over the face of deep Proverbs 8:27; with a direct object, foundations of earth v Proverbs 8:29.

of a law, engrave, inscribe (on a tablet), figuratively for enact, decree חקקים חקקי און Isaiah 10:1 (‖ כתב עמל); חוֹקְקֵי ישׂראל poet. = commanders (see Poʿel) Judges 5:9 (‖ מחקקים) v Judges 5:14). Poʿel future (עתיד) יְחוֹקְקוּ Proverbs 8:15; participle (בינוני) מְחֹקֵק Genesis 49:10; Numbers 21:18; Deuteronomy 33:21; with suffix מְחֹקְקִי Psalms 60:9; Psalms 108:9; מְחֹקְקֵנוּ Isaiah 33:22; plural מְחֹקְקִים Judges 5:14;—inscribe (as a law), enact (poet.): with a direct object צֶדֶק Proverbs 8:15 elsewhere pt.

prescriber of laws, hence (as sovereign authority in a warlike clan) commander Deuteronomy 33:21 (of warlike tribe of Gad), Judges 5:14; Isaiah 33:22 (of י׳; ‖ שֹׁפְטֵנוּ, מַלְכֵּנוּ).

commander’s staff Genesis 49:10 (‖ שֵׁבֶט), Numbers 21:18 (both poet.), Psalms 60:9 = Psalms 108:9.

participle (בינוני) מְחֻקָּק that which is decreed Proverbs 31:5 (late).

future (עתיד) יֻחָ֑קֿוּ Job 19:23 inscribed in (בְּ) a book.

חֹק

noun (masc.) ^{Mi 7:11} something prescribed, a statute or due;—ח׳ Genesis 47:22 + 22 times; חָק־ Exodus 30:21 + 14 times; with suffix חֻקִּי Proverbs 30:8 + 3 times; חָקְךָ Leviticus 10:13, Leviticus 10:14 etc. + 4 times sfs.; plural חֻקִּים Deuteronomy 4:5 + 31 times; construct חֻקֵּי Exodus 18:16; חוּקֵּ֯י Ezekiel 20:18; also חִקֲקֵי Judges 5:15; Isaiah 10:1 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 93, 1 R 7); חֻקָּו֯ Job 14:5 etc. + 44 times sfs.—

prescribed task, assigned to Isr. in Egypt Exodus 5:14.

prescribed portion, or allowance of food Genesis 47:22^(×2); Proverbs 30:8; Proverbs 31:15; Ezekiel 16:27; מחקי Job 23:12 (RV; < Septuagint Vulgate Ol Me Di SS בְּחֵקִי in my bosom).

action prescribed for oneself, resolve: חִקֲקֵי לֵב Judges 5:15 resolves of mind ‖ חִקְרֵי לֵב v Judges 5:16.

prescribed due of the priests from offerings Leviticus 6:11; Leviticus 10:13^(×2), Leviticus 10:14^(×2); due of י׳ Leviticus 6:15; לח׳ עולם Exodus 29:28; Leviticus 7:34; Leviticus 10:15; Numbers 18:8, Numbers 18:11, Numbers 18:19 (all P), Leviticus 24:9; portion of oil for the תּרומה Ezekiel 45:14.

prescribed limit, boundary: of sea Jeremiah 5:22; Proverbs 8:29; Proverbs 30:8; waters Job 26:10; heavens Psalms 148:6; land of Israel Micah 7:11; of time Job 14:5, Job 14:13; so פָּֽעֲרָה פִיהָ לִבְלִי חֹ֑ק Isaiah 5:14 She’ôl openeth wide her mouth, without limit.

enactment, decree, ordinance of either God or man:

specific decree: law of fifth in Egypt Genesis 47:26; of passover Exodus 12:24; lament for Jephthah’s daughter Judges 11:39; for Josiah II Chronicles 35:25; חק ומשׁפט Exodus 15:25; Joshua 24:25 (both E), I Samuel 30:25; חק עולם Exodus 30:21; ‖ עֵדוּת, מִשְׁפָּט Psalms 81:5, Psalms 81:6 (law of a festival).

of י׳ in nature Job 28:26.

respecting Mess. king Psalms 2:7; day of י׳ Zephaniah 2:2 Masoretic Text, but on text see Wellhausen and טֶרֶם (p. 382); covenant with Jacob Psalms 105:10 = I Chronicles 16:17; destiny of man Job 23:14.

law in general עלי חק according to law, right Psalms 94:20 (others against law); לַמֵּד ח׳ ומשׁפט Ezra 7:10; ‖ בּרית and תורות Isaiah 24:5; ‖ עדות Psalms 99:7.

plural חֻקִּים enactments, statutes of a law:

of י׳ in nature Jeremiah 31:36.

of the prophets Zechariah 1:6.

conditions of deed of purchase Jeremiah 32:11.

enactments ‖ מִשְׁפָּטִים: ancestral Ezekiel 20:18; given by God as punishment for disobedience Ezekiel 20:25.

decrees of unjust judges חִקֲקֵי־אָוֶן Isaiah 10:1.

civil enactments prescribed by God: חֻקֵּי האלהים Exodus 18:16 (E; ‖ תּוֹרֹתָיו), v Exodus 18:20 (E; ‖ the same)

elsewhere of prescriptions of the several codes of Hex: Leviticus 10:11; Numbers 30:17, Deuteronomy 4:6; Deuteronomy 6:24; Deuteronomy 16:12 Psalms 119:5 + 20 times, Malachi 3:7; ‖ תּוֹרַת י׳ Amos 2:4; ח׳ ותורות Psalms 105:45; דברי הת׳ והח׳ Deuteronomy 17:19; ‖ ברית Psalms 50:16; ח׳ וברית ועדות II Kings 17:15; usually either ‖ משׁפטים Deuteronomy 4:1, Deuteronomy 4:5, Deuteronomy 4:8, Deuteronomy 4:14; Deuteronomy 5:1; Deuteronomy 11:32; Deuteronomy 12:1; Deuteronomy 26:16, I Kings 9:4 = II Chronicles 7:17, I Chronicles 22:13; Ezekiel 11:12; Ezekiel 36:27, or else ח׳ ומשׁפטים combined with others synon. (usually preceding): for example דבר(ים) Psalms 147:19; תורה II Chronicles 33:8; Malachi 3:22; מצוה Deuteronomy 5:25; Deuteronomy 6:1; Deuteronomy 7:11; מצות Nehemiah 1:7; I Kings 8:58; מצוה, תורה II Chronicles 19:10; עֵדֹת Deuteronomy 4:45; Deuteronomy 6:20; sometimes following: for example תורות Leviticus 26:46; מצוה, תורה II Kings 17:37; or in different order, for example מ׳ ותורות ח׳ ומצות Nehemiah 9:13; מצות ומ׳ וח׳ Nehemiah 10:30; ח׳ ומצות ומ׳ Deuteronomy 26:17. Apart from משׁפטים it is combined with מצות, for example מ׳ וח׳ Exodus 15:26, Deuteronomy 27:10; ח׳ ומ׳ Deuteronomy 4:40; I Kings 3:14; I Kings 8:61; מ׳ וח׳ ותורה Nehemiah 9:14; מ׳ ועדות וח׳ Deuteronomy 6:17; I Chronicles 29:19; II Chronicles 34:31; דברי מ׳ וח׳ Ezra 7:11; it is used c. vbs.: נתן Leviticus 26:46 + 3 times; צוּה Numbers 30:17 + 9 times; למּד Deuteronomy 4:1 + 10 times; שׁמר Deuteronomy 26:17 + 16 times; עשׂה Deuteronomy 6:24 + 5 times; שׁמר לעשׂות Deuteronomy 11:32 + 4 times; הלך בְּ I Kings 8:61 + 3 times—[On usage of חֹק see חֻקָּה ad fin.]

חֻקָּה²

noun (fem.) ^{Ex 13:10} something prescribed, enactment, statute;—ח׳ Numbers 9:14 + 2 times; construct חֻקַּת Exodus 12:14 + 28 times; plural חֻקּוֹת Jeremiah 5:24 + 12 times; חֻקֹּת Leviticus 20:23; Jeremiah 31:35; with suffix חֻקּוֹתַי Genesis 26:5 + 14 times; חֻקֹּתַי Leviticus 18:4 + 21 times etc.;—

singular statute, of special ritual laws: of passover Exodus 13:10; elsewhere only in P (and H), חקת הפסח Exodus 12:43; Numbers 9:12, Numbers 9:14; ח׳ התורה Numbers 19:2; Numbers 31:21; ח׳ משׁפט Numbers 27:11; Numbers 35:29; ח׳ עולם Exodus 12:14, Exodus 12:17; Exodus 27:21; Exodus 28:43; Exodus 28:29;Exodus 28:9; Leviticus 3:17; Leviticus 10:9; Leviticus 16:29, Leviticus 16:31, Leviticus 16:34; Leviticus 23:21, Leviticus 23:31; Leviticus 24:3; Numbers 10:8; Numbers 15:15; Numbers 18:23; Numbers 19:10, Numbers 19:21 (all P), Leviticus 17:7; Leviticus 23:14, Leviticus 23:41; חֻקָּה אַחַת לַגֵּר ולאזרח Numbers 9:14; Numbers 15:15.

plural statutes:

of nature ח׳ שׁמים Job 38:33; Jeremiah 33:25; of moon and stars Jeremiah 31:35; of weeks of harvest Jeremiah 5:24.

figuratively of a firmly established custom ח׳ עמרי Micah 6:16; ח׳ הגוי(ם) Leviticus 20:23; II Kings 17:8; ח׳ העמים Jeremiah 10:3; idolatry ח׳ ישׂראל II Kings 17:19; sexual offences Leviticus 18:30.

ח׳ דוד statutes of David I Kings 3:3.

‖ משׁפטים II Samuel 22:23 = Psalms 18:23 (of the law known to David); ‖ מצות Psalms 89:32; ברית וח׳ I Kings 11:11; elsewhere of the prescriptions of the codes of D, H, P, Ez: usually חקות ומשׁפטים Leviticus 18:5, Leviticus 18:26; Leviticus 19:37; Leviticus 20:22, Leviticus 25:18; Numbers 9:3, I Kings 11:33 Ezekiel 5:7; Ezekiel 11:20; Ezekiel 18:9; Ezekiel 20:11, Ezekiel 20:13, Ezekiel 20:19, Ezekiel 20:21; preceded by מצות Deuteronomy 30:16; followed by מצות Leviticus 26:15, Deuteronomy 11:1; I Kings 6:12; תורה ומצוה II Kings 17:34; or else משׁפטים וחקות Leviticus 18:4; Leviticus 26:43, Ezekiel 5:6^(×2); Ezekiel 18:17; Ezekiel 20:16, Ezekiel 20:24; Ezekiel 37:24; preceded by מצות Deuteronomy 8:11; in diff. order, ח׳ מצות ומ׳ ועדות I Kings 2:3; frequently also ח׳ ומצות Leviticus 26:3, Deuteronomy 6:2; I Kings 11:38; II Chronicles 7:19; or מצות (ו)ח׳ Deuteronomy 10:13; Deuteronomy 28:15, Deuteronomy 28:45; Deuteronomy 30:10; I Kings 9:6; I Kings 11:34; Ezekiel 43:11 (Co), II Kings 17:13; following by תורות Genesis 26:5; מצות ועדות וח׳ II Kings 23:3; תורה וח׳ Jeremiah 44:10; ותורה וח׳ ועדות Jeremiah 44:23; ח׳ ותורות Ezekiel 44:5; Ezekiel 43:11 (Co); תורות יח׳ Ezekiel 44:24; special ordinances are ח׳ המזבח Ezekiel 43:18; ח׳ בית י׳ Ezekiel 44:5; ח׳ חיים Ezekiel 33:15 (which are life to those who keep them); ח׳ עולם תמיד (Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate Talm Co del. עולם) Ezekiel 46:14.

phrases of obedience are הלך ב׳ Leviticus 18:3; Leviticus 20:23; Leviticus 26:3, I Kings 3:3; I Kings 6:12; II Kings 17:8, II Kings 17:19; Jeremiah 44:10, Jeremiah 44:23; Ezekiel 5:6, Ezekiel 5:7; Ezekiel 11:20; Ezekiel 18:9, Ezekiel 18:17; Ezekiel 20:13, Ezekiel 20:16, Ezekiel 20:19, Ezekiel 20:21; Ezekiel 33:15; שׁמר Leviticus 18:4, Leviticus 18:5, Leviticus 18:26; Leviticus 19:19, Leviticus 19:37; Leviticus 20:8, Leviticus 20:22, Genesis 26:5, Deuteronomy 6:2; Deuteronomy 8:11; Deuteronomy 10:13; Deuteronomy 11:1; Deuteronomy 28:45; Deuteronomy 30:10, Deuteronomy 30:16; I Kings 2:3; I Kings 9:6; I Kings 11:11, I Kings 11:34, I Kings 11:38; II Kings 17:13; II Kings 23:3; Ezekiel 18:19, Ezekiel 18:21; Ezekiel 37:24; Ezekiel 43:11; Ezekiel 44:24; עשׂה Leviticus 25:18, Deuteronomy 28:15; I Kings 11:33; עשׂה כח׳ II Kings 17:34; בח׳ אֶשְׁתַּעֲשָׁ֑ע Psalms 119:16; phrases of disobedience are מאס ח׳ Ezekiel 20:24 מאס בח׳ Leviticus 26:15; געל Leviticus 26:43; עזב II Chronicles 7:19; חלל Psalms 89:32.—[חֹק and חֻקָּה differ somewhat in shade of meaning and frequency in various writings: for example חֹק oftener in Jb ψ Pr (חֻקָּה not at all Pr, once Jb), and in Chr (חֻקָּה only II Chronicles 7:19); חֻקָּה often in K, rarely in Hex. except in P; in proph., חֹק occurs Amos 2:4; Isaiah 5:14; Isaiah 24:5; Micah 7:11; Je 3 times, Ez 6 times, חֻקָּה only Ez, Je (6 times) and Micah 6:16; חֻקִּים especially in Dt and Psalms 119, חֻקּוֹת especially in H, Ez and sometimes (8 times) Dt; חֹק עוֹלָם usually = due, חֻקַּת ע׳ much more often statute, ordinance, etc.]

חוּקֹק²

n.pr.location only I Chronicles 6:60, probably error for חֶלְקַת (q.see) Joshua 19:25; Joshua 21:31.

חָקַר

verb search (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Niph. passive, Aramaic חֲקַר)—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular with suffix וַחֲקָרוֹ consec. Proverbs 18:17; חֲקָרָהּ Job 28:27; וְחָֽקַרְתָּ֫ Deuteronomy 13:15 etc.; future (עתיד) יַחְקֹר Job 13:19; יַחֲקָר־ Psalms 44:22; יַחְקְרֶנּוּ Proverbs 28:11; אֶחְקֹר I Samuel 20:12; תַּחְקְרוּן Job 32:11; נַחְקֹ֑רָה Lamentations 3:40 etc.; imperative (ציווי) חָקְרֵנִי Psalms 139:23; חִקְרוּ Judges 18:2; infinitive (מקור) חֲקֹר II Samuel 10:3 + 2 times; לַחְקוֹר Proverbs 23:30; לְחָקְרָהּ Judges 18:2;—

search (for), followed by direct object Proverbs 23:30; Job 32:11; absolute וְדָרַשְׁתָּ֫ וְחָקַרְתָּ֫ וְשָׁאַלְתָּ֫ הֵיטֵיב Deuteronomy 13:15; literally Ezekiel 39:14 (that is for bones unburied).

search through, explore, literally, obj. הארץ Judges 18:2 (‖ רַגֵּל) v Judges 18:2, I Chronicles 19:3 (‖ the same); city העיר II Samuel 10:3 (‖ the same), of mining Job 28:3; search out a subject or matter Job 5:27; Job 28:27; Proverbs 25:2 Psalms 44:22.

search a man, find out his sentiments (AV sound him) I Samuel 20:12.

of י׳ searching man, with a direct object Psalms 139:1 (‖ ידע), v Psalms 139:23 (‖ the same) Job 13:9, compare Jeremiah 17:10 (obj. לֵב).

of examining thoroughly, so as to expose weakness in a case Job 29:16; Proverbs 18:17, compare Proverbs 28:11; so of self-examination ח׳ דרכים Lamentations 3:40 (‖ חפשׂ).

past (עבר) נֶחְקַר I Kings 7:47; II Chronicles 4:18; future (עתיד) יֵחָקֵר Jeremiah 46:23; יֵחָֽקְרוּ Jeremiah 31:37 be searched out, found out, ascertained, I Kings 7:47; II Chronicles 4:18 (weight of the bronze used in temple utensils), of forest Jeremiah 46:23; searched out, Jeremiah 31:37 subj. מוסדי־ארץ.

past (עבר) חִקֵּר Ecclesiastes 12:9 he sought out many proverbs (מְשָׁלִים; ‖ אִזֵּן).

חֵ֫קֶר

noun (masc.) ^{Ju 5:16} searching, thing (to be) searched out;—absolute הֵ֫קֶר Job 5:9 + 8 times; construct the same Proverbs 25:27 + 2 times; plural construct חִקְרֵי Judges 5:16;—חִקְרֵי לֵב Judges 5:16 searchings, questionings of heart; Job 11:7 canst thou reach ח׳ אֱלוֹהַּ that is what is to be explored in him, the whole range of his nature, so ח׳ תהום Job 38:16 the range of the deep; especially אֵין ח׳ that is it is unsearchable Job 5:9; Job 9:10 Psalms 145:3 Proverbs 25:3 Isaiah 40:28, compare לא ח׳ Job 34:24; Job 36:26; ח׳ אבותם Job 8:8 that is thing searched out by their fathers.

חֹר²

see ii. חור; ii, iii חֹר, חֻר see ii, iii חרר.

חָרֵב

verb be dry, dried up (compare יָבֵשׁ) (Aramaic חֲרוֹב be dry, חוּרְבָּא drought);—

past (עבר) 3rd plural חָֽרְבוּ Genesis 8:13^(×2), Isaiah 19:6; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יֶחֱרַב Hosea 13:15 + 2 times, וַיֶּחֱרָ֑ב Psalms 106:9; imperative (ציווי) fs. חֳרָ֑בִי Isaiah 44:27;—be dry, dried up:

of ground, be freed from waters of flood ח׳ פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה Genesis 8:13.

of waters, be dried up, taken away; of waters of flood Genesis 8:13; of Nile וְנָהָר יֶחֱרַב וְיָבֵשׁ Isaiah 19:5 (‖ וְנִשְּׁתוּ־מַיִם מֵהַיָּם), see same combination Job 14:11 (‖ אָֽזְלוּ מַיִם מִנִּי־יָם); Isaiah 19:6 (‖ דָּֽלֲלוּ) Isaiah 44:27 (‖ הוֹבִישׁ); of Red Sea Psalms 106:9; figuratively of Ephraim’s freshness and vigour Hosea 13:15.

past (עבר) 3rd plural לֹא חֹרָ֑בוּ Judges 16:7, Judges 16:8, of fresh bow-strings (of gut, see Bla).

past (עבר) הֶחֱרִיב Nahum 1:4, of י׳’s drying up rivers (‖ וַיַּבְּשֵׁהוּ), perhaps also Isaiah 11:15 (for Masoretic Text החרים) see Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate Targum; וְהַחֲרַבְתִּ֫י the Euphrates Jeremiah 51:36 (‖ הוֹבַשְׁתִּי); future (עתיד) אַחֲרִיב יָם Isaiah 50:2, subj. י׳, I dry up a sea (‖ אָשִׂים נְהָרוֹת מִדְבָּר); אַחְרִב Isaiah 37:25 = אַחֲרִב II Kings 19:24, of king of Assyria drying up rivers of Egypt; participle (בינוני) fs. הַמַּחֲרֶבֶת Isaiah 51:10 of י׳’s arm drying up (Red) Sea.

חָרֵב²

adjective dry, only fs. חֲרֵבָה Leviticus 7:10 of meal-offering not moistened (with oil; P); פַּת־חֲרֵבָה Proverbs 17:1 a dry morsel.

חֹ֫רֶב

noun (masc.) ^{Genesis 31:40} dryness, drought, heat, absolute ח׳ Genesis 31:40 + 11 times + Deuteronomy 28:22 (for Masoretic Text חֶרֶב; see Dillmann, followed by Vulgate; Septuagint and SeptuagintL om.);—

dryness Judges 6:37, Judges 6:39, Judges 6:40 (all of absence of dew); Jeremiah 50:38 (‖ יָבֵשׁ); so read also Zechariah 11:17 (for Masoretic Text חֶרֶב, see v b and Stade^{journal ZAW i. 1881, 29}), a drying up upon his arm (i. e. a withering) and upon his right eye.

drought Haggai 1:11 + Deuteronomy 28:22 see above

parching heat (of sun) Genesis 31:40 (opposite קֶ֫רַח), Jeremiah 36:30 (opposite the same); Isaiah 4:6; Isaiah 25:4, Isaiah 25:5^(×2) of fever Job 30:30.

חָֽרָבָה

noun (fem.) dry ground;—absolute ח׳ Genesis 7:22 + 7 times; opposite הַיָּם Exodus 14:21. Haggai 2:6; compare Genesis 7:22; opposite water of Jordan Joshua 3:17^(×2), Joshua 4:18, II Kings 2:8; of Nile-arms וְנָתַתִּ֫י יְאֹרִים ח׳ Ezekiel 30:12.

חָרֵב³

be waste, desolate (Mishnaic Hebrew חָרֵב the same; Aramaic חֲרוֹב, ܚܪܰܒ be laid waste; Zinj. חרב adjective; Arabic خَرِبَ be in ruins, waste, depopulated; Assyrian ḫarâbu, be waste, Delitzsch^{Pr 175}, ḫuribtu, desert, Lotz^TP);—Qal future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תֶּחֱרַ֔ב Jeremiah 26:9, תֶּחֱרָ֔ב Isaiah 34:10; 3rd masculine plural יֶחֶרְבוּ Ezekiel 6:6, יֶחֱרָ֑בוּ Amos 7:9 Isaiah 60:12; Isaiah 60:3 fpl. תֶּחֱרַבְנָה Ezekiel 6:2; Ezekiel 12:20; imperative (ציווי) חֳרָבִי Isaiah 44:27, חָרְבוּ (so, not חָֽרְבוּ—Theile—see Konig^{i. 244}) Jeremiah 2:12; infinitive (מקור) absolute חָרֹב Isaiah 60:12;—be waste, desolate; of sanctuaries of Isr. Amos 7:9 (‖ נָשַׁמּוּ), of altars Ezekiel 6:6; of cities Jeremiah 26:9; Ezekiel 6:6; Ezekiel 12:20 (‖ שׁמם); of nations Isaiah 34:10, חָרֹב יֶחֱרָ֑בוּ Isaiah 60:12 (‖ יֹאבֵדוּ); figuratively, in address to the heavens חָרְבוּ מְאֹד Jeremiah 2:12—(‖ שֹׁמּוּ, וְשַׂעֲרוּ), be very desolate (at sins of Isr.); others, be amazed, astounded (on relation of meanings see שׁמם). Niph. participle (בינוני) f. נֶחֱרֶבֶת Ezekiel 26:19 as adjective, desolate city, that is uninhabited, see context; נַחֲרָבוֹת Ezekiel 30:7 of desolate countries (‖ נָשַׁמּוּ). Hiph. past (עבר) הֶחֱרִיב Ezekiel 19:7; 1st singular הֶחֱרַבְתִּי Zephaniah 3:6; 3rd plural הֶחֱרִיבוּ Isaiah 37:18 II Kings 19:17; future (עתיד) 1st singular אַחֲרִיב Isaiah 42:15; participle (בינוני) מַחֲרִיב Judges 16:24; plural c. with suffix מַחֲרִיבַיִךְ Isaiah 49:17;—lay waste, make desolate, human subj.; nations and lands Isaiah 37:18 = II Kings 19:17, Isaiah 42:15, compare pt. Isaiah 49:17 (‖ מְהָֽרְסַיִךְ); add probably with Wellhausen Amos 4:9 (הֶחֱרַבְתִּי for the untranslateable הַרְבּוֹת) I have devastated your gardens and vineyards; pt. Judges 16:24 desolater of our country (‖ הִרְבָּה אֶת־חֲלָלֵ֑נוּ); obj. cities Ezekiel 19:7; streets Zephaniah 3:6 (‖ נָשַׁמּוּ). Hoph. past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular הָחֳרָ֑בָה Ezekiel 26:2 she is laid waste, of a city; participle (בינוני) מָחֳרָבוֹת Ezekiel 29:12 laid waste, of cities (‖ שׁמם).

חָרֵב⁴

adjective waste, desolate;—ms. absolute ח׳ Jeremiah 33:10 + 5 times; fs. חֲרֵבָה Nehemiah 2:3 + 2 times; fpl. הֶחֳרֵבוֹת Ezekiel 36:35, Ezekiel 36:38 (see Konig^{i. 241});—of a city, defined מֵאֵין אָדָם וּמֵאֵין בְּהֵמָה Jeremiah 33:10, compare v Jeremiah 33:12; also Nehemiah 2:3, Nehemiah 2:17; הֶעָרִים הֶחֳרֵבוֹת Ezekiel 36:35 (+ הַנְשַׁמּוֹת, הַנֶּהֱרָסוֹת; opposite בְּצוּרוֹת יָשָׁ֑בוּ), Haggai 1:4, Haggai 1:9 (בַּיִת).

חֹ֫רֶב²

n.[m.] desolation;—עָרֵי ח׳ Isaiah 61:4 cities of desolation (‖ שֹׁמֲמוֹת, and, in v a, חָרְבוֹת); compare Zephaniah 2:14 (but read עֹרֵב, Septuagint Wellhausen al.) Jeremiah 49:13; מִצְרַיִם חָרְבוֹת ח׳ Ezekiel 29:10 Egypt shall be wastes of desolation (but Septuagint Vulgate Co wastes of the sword, חֶרֶב for חֹרֶב); + Ezekiel 38:8 Co, who reads מֵחֹרֶב (or מֵחָרְבָּה).

חֹרֵב

n.pr.mont. Horeb (waste, desert)—Septuagint Χωρηβ (see Lagarde^{BN 85}); אֶל־הַר הָאֱלֹהִים חֹרֵ֑בָה Exodus 3:1, compare עַד הַר הָאֱלֹהִים חֹרֵב I Kings 19:8; הַצּוּר בִּחֹרֵב Exodus 17:6, הַר חוֹרֵב Exodus 33:6 (both E); מֵחֹרֵב, בְּחֹרֵב Deuteronomy 1:2, Deuteronomy 1:6, Deuteronomy 1:19; Deuteronomy 4:10, Deuteronomy 4:15; Deuteronomy 5:2; Deuteronomy 9:8; Deuteronomy 18:16; Deuteronomy 28:69; I Kings 8:9 II Chronicles 5:10 Psalms 106:19 Malachi 3:22; the sacred mountain of the wilderness, no geograph. diff. from סִינַי discoverable, but synonym of it in E and (especially) D (except poem Deuteronomy 33:2; vid. סִינַי P).

חָרְבָּה

noun (fem.) waste, desolation, ruin;—absolute ח׳ Leviticus 26:31 + 15 times + Ezekiel 38:8 (del. Peshitta Co) + Ezekiel 38:12 חרבה Septuagint Co for חרבות; plural חֳרָבוֹת Psalms 9:7 + 11 times (Ezekiel 38:12, compare above); construct חָרְבוֹת Isaiah 5:17 + 7 times; with suffix חָרְבֹתַיִךְ Isaiah 49:19; חָרְבֹתָיו Ezra 9:9; חָרְבֹתֶיהָ Isaiah 51:3; חָרְבוֹתֶיהָ Isaiah 44:26; חָרְבוֹתֵיהֶם Psalms 109:10 + II Chronicles 34:6 (compare חֶרֶב and below); (chiefly mid. and late Hebrew Isaiah 2 8 times; Je 10 times Ez 14 times—incl. Ezekiel 38:8, q. del. Co);—

waste, ruin, of cities of Israel Leviticus 26:31, Leviticus 26:33; Judah Isaiah 44:26; Isaiah 49:19 (‖ שֹׁמְמֹת), Isaiah 58:12 (בנה), Jeremiah 25:18; Jeremiah 27:17; Jeremiah 44:2, Jeremiah 44:6 Ezekiel 5:14; ruins of Jerusalem Isaiah 52:9 Daniel 9:2; also Ezekiel 35:4; compare Malachi 1:4 (c. בנה), Ezekiel 36:10 (c. בנה) v Ezekiel 36:33 (the same); Egypt Ezekiel 29:9, Ezekiel 29:10 (in both ‖ שְׁמָמָה; חרבות חֹרֶב in v Ezekiel 29:10); ruin of temple Ezra 9:9; = ruined dwellings Psalms 109:10; compare II Chronicles 34:6, where read perhaps בְּחָרְבֹתֵיהֶם for בּחר בתיהם (see חֶרֶב sub III. חרב); Jeremiah 22:5; in generally ruins (si vera l., see Dillmann; obj. of בנה) Job 3:14; כוס ח׳ Psalms 102:7 an owl of a ruin.

of land: waste place amid ruins Isaiah 5:17, compare Isaiah 51:3 (‖ מִדְבָּר, עֲרָבָה); land a desolation Jeremiah 7:34; Jeremiah 44:22 Ezekiel 25:13 (Edom) Jeremiah 25:11 Isaiah 64:10 and Ezekiel 33:24, Ezekiel 33:27 (of Judah), compare Ezekiel 13:4, כְּשֻׁעָלִים בח׳ sim. of the prophets; הח׳ הַשֹּׁמֵמוֹת Ezekiel 36:4 (of Israel); of desolation of enemies of Isr. Psalms 9:7 (ח׳ לָנֶ֫צַח); ח׳ עולם = old ruins Isaiah 61:4 (c. בנה); elsewhere perpetual ruin, desolation Jeremiah 25:9; Jeremiah 49:13 (cities of Bosra); ה׳ מעולם Ezekiel 26:20 (sim. of Tyre) plural חֲרָבוֹת deserts (?) Isaiah 48:21.

חָרַב

verb (Aramaic and rare) attack, smite down (compare Arabic حَرَبَ plunder, iii. wage war with, vi. fight together, حَرْبٌ war, battle; Syriac ܚܪܰܒ smith, slay)—

imperative (ציווי) ms. חֲרֹב Jeremiah 50:21 attack (+ וְהַחֲרֵם אַחֲרֵיהֶם); mpl. חִרְבוּ v Jeremiah 50:27 obj. כָּל־פָּרֶיהָ, figuratively of men of Babylon.

past (עבר) 3rd plural נֶחֶרְבוּ המלכים (see Hoph.) הָחֳרֵב II Kings 3:23 the kings have attacked one another, fought together (‖ וַיַּכּוּ אִישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵהוּ).

infinitive (מקור) absolute II Kings 3:23, see Niph., but read perhaps הֵחָרֵב, compare Driver Leviticus 19:20, note.

חֶ֫רֶב

noun (fem.) Isaiah 21:15 sword (as weapon; Aramaic חַרְבָּא, ܚܰܪܒܳܐ, Zinj. חרב; Arabic حَرْبَةٌ dart, javelin) —absolute חֶ֫רֶב Genesis 3:24 +; חָ֑רֶב Exodus 17:13 +; construct חֶ֫רֶב Deuteronomy 33:29 +; with suffix חַרְבִּי Exodus 15:9 + 13 times; חַרְבְּךָ Genesis 27:40 + 7 times; חַרְבֶּ֑ךָ I Samuel 17:33 Psalms 17:13; חַרְבּוֹ Numbers 22:23 + 24 times; חַרְבְּכֶם Jeremiah 2:30 Ezekiel 33:26; חַרְבָּם Psalms 37:15; Psalms 44:4; plural חֲרָבוֹת Isaiah 21:15 + 5 times; construct חַרְבוֹת Joshua 5:2 + 2 times; with suffix חַרְבוֹתָיו Ezekiel 26:9; חַרְבוֹתָם Isaiah 2:4 + 5 times; חַרְבֹתֵיהֶם Micah 4:3 + 2 times;—

sword, as weapon of war Genesis 48:22, Judges 7:14, Judges 7:20 I Samuel 21:9, and so in all periods; two-edged (short) sword ח׳ וְלָהּ שְׁנֵי פֵיוֹ֖ת גֹּמֶד אָרְכָּהּ Judges 3:16, compare ח׳ פִּיּוֹת Proverbs 5:4 (in sim.), ח׳ פִּיפִיּוֹת Psalms 149:6; see also צוּר ח׳ edge of sword Psalms 89:44.

gird on sword = חָגַר הח׳ I Samuel 17:39; I Samuel 25:13^(×3) Psalms 45:4 (ח׳ הח׳ עַל יָרֵך), שִׂים על ירך Exodus 32:27, compare especially II Samuel 20:8.

draw the sword הֵרִיק הח׳ Exodus 15:9 Leviticus 26:33 Ezekiel 5:2, Ezekiel 5:12; Ezekiel 12:14; Ezekiel 28:7, הוציא הח׳ Ezekiel 21:8, Ezekiel 21:10, פתח הח׳ Psalms 37:14 Ezekiel 21:33, נטשׁ Isaiah 21:15 (Gratz Cheyne לטשׁ see below); usually שׁלף הח׳ Numbers 22:23, Numbers 22:31 Joshua 5:13 Judges 3:22; Judges 8:10, Judges 8:20; Judges 9:54 I Samuel 17:51; I Samuel 31:4 = I Chronicles 10:4; I Chronicles 21:16, and as characteristic of warriors שֹׁלֵף ח׳ Judges 20:2, Judges 20:15, Judges 20:17, Judges 20:25, Judges 20:35, Judges 20:46 II Samuel 24:9 II Kings 3:26, I Chronicles 21:5^(×2); וַתִּדְבַּק יָדוֹ אֶל־הַח׳ II Samuel 23:10, ins. also in ‖ I Chronicles 11:13 (Driver).

whet, sharpen the sword לטשׁ הח׳ Psalms 7:13 (compare Isaiah 21:15 above), but also שׁנן Deuteronomy 32:41 compare Psalms 64:4, הוּחַדָּה Ezekiel 21:14, Ezekiel 21:16.

put up the sword into the sheath הֵשִׁיב הח׳ אֶל־נְדָנָהּ I Chronicles 21:27 (sheath of sword is elsewhere תַּעַר I Samuel 17:51 II Samuel 20:8 Jeremiah 47:6 Ezekiel 21:8).

slay with sword הרג בח׳ Joshua 10:11; Joshua 13:22 +; in ימותו אנשׁים I Samuel 2:33, insert בְּחֶרֶב before אנשׁים Septuagint Wellhausen Driver; rarely הכה בח׳ Joshua 11:10 II Kings 19:37 = Isaiah 37:38; very often הִכָּה לְפִי־ח׳ smite according to the mouth of the sword that is as the sword can devour (II Samuel 2:26; II Samuel 11:25) = without quarter Numbers 21:24 Deuteronomy 13:16; Deuteronomy 20:13 Joshua 11:11, Joshua 11:12, Joshua 11:14 (all D) Judges 18:27; Judges 21:10 I Kings 10:25 Job 1:15, Job 1:17; also c. העיר as sole obj. Joshua 8:24; Joshua 10:28, Joshua 10:30, Joshua 10:32, Joshua 10:35, Joshua 10:37, compare v Joshua 10:39; Joshua 19:47 Judges 1:8, Judges 1:25; Judges 20:37 I Samuel 22:19^(×2) II Samuel 15:14; הרג לפי־ח׳ †Genesis 34:26; החרים לפי־ח׳ Deuteronomy 13:16 (incl. הָעִיר in obj.), Joshua 6:21 I Samuel 15:8, חלשׁ לפי־ח׳ †Exodus 17:13; נפל לפי־ח׳ Joshua 8:24 Judges 4:16; וַיָּהָם י׳ … לפי־ח׳ Judges 4:15;—(לפי־ח׳ is chiefly in Jos and Ju (21 times), in Hexat. only JED; but Jb post-ex.).

אכלה הח׳ etc., of the sword as devouring:—תֹּאכֵל חַרְבִּי בָשָׂר Deuteronomy 32:42 (poet.), II Samuel 2:26; II Samuel 11:25; II Samuel 18:8 Isaiah 1:20 Jeremiah 2:30 Jeremiah 46:10, Jeremiah 46:14 Nahum 2:14.

slain by sword is חֲלַל־ח׳ Numbers 19:16 and frequently Ez, חַלְלֵי־ח׳ Ezekiel 31:17, Ezekiel 31:18; Ezekiel 32:21, Ezekiel 32:25, Ezekiel 32:28, Ezekiel 32:29, Ezekiel 32:30, Ezekiel 32:32; Numbers 35:8 מְחֻלְלֵי ח׳ v Numbers 35:26 < Co חללי־ח׳ (on text of Numbers 32:20, Numbers 32:22, Numbers 32:31 see Co).

שְׁבֻיוֹת ח׳ Genesis 31:26 are captive of (taken by) sword.

sword frequently agent of י׳ Judges 7:20 Isaiah 34:6 Jeremiah 12:12; Jeremiah 47:6 etc.,—so Deuteronomy 28:22, but read חֹרֶב see sub I. חרב (compare on other hand I Samuel 17:47); note especially Genesis 3:24 לַהַט הח׳ הַמִּתְהַפֶּכֶת; poet. לַהַב ח׳ Nahum 3:3, בְּרַק ח׳ Deuteronomy 32:41. k. ח׳ figuratively of tongue Psalms 57:5 compare Psalms 59:8; figuratively of violence, war, etc., Genesis 27:40; in sim. Proverbs 5:4 (of grievous end of dealings with strange women).

knife ח׳ צֻרִים flint knives for use in circumcision Joshua 5:2, Joshua 5:3 (see Wellhausen^{Skizzen iii, 166}); Ezekiel 5:1, Ezekiel 5:2 ח׳ חַדָּה תַּעַר הַגַּלָּבִים (according to Co use of sword as razor is significant).

of tools used in hewing stone חַרְבְּךָ הֵנַפְתָּ עליה Exodus 20:22; יִתֹּץ בח׳ Ezekiel 26:9, according to most = tools, axes, ‘steel’ (Co ‘Eisen’), but poss. swords as implement read to hand; II Chronicles 34:6 Qr בְּחַרְבֹתֵיהֶם with their tools; read perhaps בְּחָרְבֹתֵיהֶם in their ruins, Be, who comp. Psalms 109:10; see חָרְבָּה sub II. חרב (Septuagint Vulgate om. חרב).

חַרְבוֹנָא

n.pr.m. eunuch of Ahasuerus Esther 1:10 = חַרְבוֹנָה Esther 7:9 (Pers. خربان = donkey driver, Vullers ^{i, 668 b}).

חָרַד

verb tremble, be terrified (Assyrian ḫarâdu, the same, according to Delitzsch^{HA 20, Pr 46}; Arabic خَرِدَ be bashful, shamefaced; Mishnaic Hebrew חֲרָדָה a trembling)—

past (עבר) וְחָרַד consec. Isaiah 19:16, חָֽרְדָה Isaiah 10:29, חָרַדְתְּ II Kings 4:13, חָרְדוּ I Samuel 13:7; I Samuel 14:15, וְחָֽרְדוּ consec. Ezekiel 26:16; Ezekiel 32:10; future (עתיד) יֶחֱרַד Job 37:1, וַיֶּחֱרַד Genesis 27:33 + 5 times; יֶחְרְדוּ Hosea 11:10 Ezekiel 26:18, יֶֽחֶרְדוּ Hosea 11:11, יֶחֱרָ֑דוּ Amos 3:6 Isaiah 41:6, וַיֶּֽחֶרְדוּ Genesis 42:28 + 2 times; imperative (ציווי) חִרְדוּ Isaiah 32:11;—

tremble, quake, of a mountain Exodus 19:18—so ℌ, but read הָעָם, Septuagint see Dillmann; of isles Ezekiel 26:18 (metaphorically, in fear); so Isaiah 41:5 (קְצוֹת הארץ, ‖ אִיִּים יראו).

tremble, of persons under supernat. infl. I Samuel 14:15 (‖ חֲרָדָה, וַתִּרְגַּז הָאָרָץ); start, start up (out of sleep) Ruth 3:8; in mental disturbance Genesis 27:33 (J; with a direct object cogn.) tremble, in terror Exodus 19:16, Isaiah 32:11 (‖ רגז), be startled (at sound of trumpet) Amos 3:6 compare I Kings 1:49 (+ קום, הלך, ירא); tremble Ezekiel 26:16; Ezekiel 32:10 followed by לְ = at, Job 37:1 (לִבִּי), be terrified, of Egypt (personif.) Isaiah 19:16 (‖ פָּחַד), Ramah Isaiah 10:29, of Saul I Samuel 28:5 subj. לִבּוֹ, ‖ ירא).

be anxiously careful חָרַדְתְּ אֵלֵנוּ את־כל הַחֲרָדָה הַזּאֹת II Kings 4:13.

with preps. pregn. = go or come trembling I Samuel 13:7 (followed by מֵאחריו SeptuagintL Wellhausen Driver) Genesis 42:28 (E; followed by אֶל־) I Samuel 16:4 (followed by לִקְרָאתוֹ) so I Samuel 21:2, Hosea 11:10 (מִיָּם) v Hosea 11:11 (מִמִּצְרַיִם).

past (עבר) הֶחֱרִיד Judges 8:12, וְהַחֲרַדְתִּ֫י II Samuel 17:2; participle (בינוני) מַחֲרִיד Leviticus 26:6 + 11 times; infinitive (מקור) construct הַחֲרִיד Ezekiel 30:9 Zechariah 2:4;—drive in terror, rout an army, followed by direct object Judges 8:12 Ezekiel 30:9 Zechariah 2:4 compare II Samuel 17:2; (Wellhausen proposes החרידו Hosea 5:8 ‘setzt Benj. in Schrecken,’ for Masoretic Text אַחֲרֶיךָ); in participle (בינוני) absolute, only in וְאֵין מ׳; and none shall terrify, that is disturb the peace of those reposing—שׁכב, שׁקט, רבץ, ישׁב, ישׁב לָבֶטַח—in the promised land Leviticus 26:6, so after captivity Jeremiah 30:10 = Jeremiah 46:27, also Ezekiel 34:28; Ezekiel 39:26 Micah 4:4 Zephaniah 3:13; of undisturbed peace of the righteous Job 11:19; peace of flocks in forsaken cities Isaiah 17:2; undisturbed feeding on carrion by fowl and beast Deuteronomy 28:26 Jeremiah 7:33, undisturbed prowling of lions Nahum 2:12 metaphorically of Assyrians).

חָרֵד

adjectiveverb. of foregoing, trembling;—חָרֵד Judges 7:3 + 3 times; חֲרֵדִים Isaiah 66:5 Ezra 10:3—trembling (from fear), absolute Judges 7:3 (‖ ירא), I Samuel 4:13 (subj. לִבּוֹ, followed by עַל, for, in behalf of); in awe and reverence, at word of God, followed by בְּ Ezra 9:4 Isaiah 66:2 (followed by עַל), v Isaiah 66:5 (followed by אֶל); compare ח׳ בְּמִצְוַת אל׳ Ezra 10:3.

חֲרֹד

n.pr.location only עֵין ח׳ (see sub עַיִן), a camping-place of Gideon and Israel. Judges 7:1.

חֲרָדָה

noun (fem.) trembling, fear, anxiety—חֲרָדָה Genesis 27:33 + 5 times + Ezekiel 38:21 (read for הָרַי, B Co compare Driver I Samuel 14:15); construct חֶרְדַּת I Samuel 14:15 Proverbs 29:25 (see Lagarde^{BN 113}); plural חֲרָדוֹת Ezekiel 26:16;—

trembling, quaking (of terror ascribed to supernat. cause) I Samuel 14:15^(×2) (hence ח׳ אלהים see Driver; ‖ וַתִּרְגַּז־הארץ) compare Ezekiel 38:21 (see above); Daniel 10:7; קול ח׳ Jeremiah 30:5 voice of trembling; followed by generally obj. ח׳ אָדָם Proverbs 29:25 trembling before man; opposite pleasure Isaiah 21:4; tremblings (plural) Ezekiel 26:16 under figuratively of garment (ח׳ ילבשׁו), of effect on coast-princes of fall of Tyre.

anxious care II Kings 4:13, direct object cogn. c. חָרַד.

חֲרָדָה²

n.pr.location a station of Isr. in wilderness Numbers 33:24, Numbers 33:25, site unknown.

חָרָה

verb burn, be kindled, of anger (Aramaic חרי Pa. cause fire to burn (rare); Zinj. חרא anger, Noldeke^{ZMG 1893, 98. 103}; Arabic حَرْوَةٌ burning sensation, in throat, etc., from rage and pain)—

past (עבר) ח׳ Genesis 4:6 + 20 times; future (עתיד) יֶחֱרֶה Exodus 32:11 + 2 times; יִ֫חַר Genesis 18:30 + 7 times; וַיִּ֫חַר Genesis 4:5 + 46 times; infinitive (מקור) absolute חָרֹה I Samuel 20:7; construct חֲרוֹת II Samuel 24:1 Psalms 124:3;—

of man:

חרה אף (one’s) anger was kindled, burned Genesis 39:19 Numbers 22:27, Exodus 32:19, Exodus 32:22, Judges 9:30; Judges 14:19 I Samuel 11:6 Job 32:2, Job 32:5; c. בְּ against Genesis 30:2, Genesis 44:18, I Samuel 17:28; I Samuel 20:30 II Samuel 12:5 II Chronicles 25:10 Psalms 124:3 Job 32:2, Job 32:3; c. אֶל Numbers 24:10.

impers., אף omitted; חרה לְ it was kindled for (him) he burned with anger Genesis 31:36, Genesis 4:5, Genesis 4:6; Genesis 34:7 Numbers 16:15, I Samuel 15:11 (read perhaps וַיֵּצֶר, Weir in Driver), I Samuel 18:8; I Samuel 20:7^(×2) II Samuel 3:8; II Samuel 6:8 = I Chronicles 13:11, II Samuel 13:21; II Samuel 19:43 Nehemiah 3:33; Nehemiah 4:1; Nehemiah 5:6 Jonah 4:1, Jonah 4:4, Jonah 4:9^(×2); ins. ויחר לדוד II Samuel 11:22 Septuagint Wellhausen Driver; ח׳ בְּעֵינֵי Genesis 31:35; Genesis 45:5.

of God:

ח׳ אף Exodus 22:23 Numbers 22:22, Numbers 11:1, Numbers 11:10; Numbers 32:10; c. בְּ Exodus 4:14; Exodus 32:10 Numbers 12:9 Deuteronomy 31:17, Deuteronomy 6:15; Deuteronomy 7:4; Deuteronomy 11:17; Deuteronomy 29:26 Joshua 23:16, Judges 6:39 II Samuel 6:7 = I Chronicles 13:10, Hosea 8:5 II Kings 23:26 II Chronicles 25:15 Job 42:7; בְּעַם Exodus 32:11 Numbers 11:33, Isaiah 5:25 Psalms 106:40; בישׂראל Numbers 25:3; Numbers 32:13; Judges 2:14, Judges 2:20; Judges 3:8; Judges 10:7 II Samuel 24:1 II Kings 13:3; בבני ישׂראל Joshua 7:1; בנהרים, אף omitted, Habakkuk 3:8; c. עַל Zechariah 10:3.

חרה לְ Genesis 18:30, Genesis 18:32 II Samuel 22:8 = Psalms 18:8.—

חרה not in HP (who use קצף); nor in Je Ez Isaiah 2 Pr or poetry of Jb.

past (עבר) נִחֲרוּ־ followed by בְּ Song of Songs 1:6 (according to Böttcher ^{ii. 379} De Konig^{i. 551}) be angry with; participle (בינוני) כֹּל הַנֶּחֱרִים בְּ׳ all that are incensed against (thee) Isaiah 41:11, so Isaiah 45:24.

past (עבר) הֶחֱרָה הֶחֱזִיק Nehemiah 3:20 burned with zeal (?) in repairing, but Septuagint om. החרה; probably dittogr.; future (עתיד) וַיַּחַר עָלַי אַפּוֹ Job 19:11 and kindled his anger against me.

future (עתיד) אַל תִּתְחַר Psalms 37:1, Psalms 37:7, Psalms 37:8 Proverbs 24:19 heat oneself in vexation.—The following forms are somewhat doubtful: future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular אֵיךְ תְּתַחֲרֶה אֶת־הַסּוּסִים Jeremiah 12:5 how canst thou hotly contend (in a race) with the horses? participle (בינוני) כִּי אַתָּה מְתַחֲרֶה בָאָ֑רֶז Jeremiah 22:15 because thou strivest eagerly (to excel) in cedar; expl. as Tiphʿēl by Gesenius' Thesaurus Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 55, 5 Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 122 a Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 255 a Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 159 b Konig^{i. p. 557} al., and regarded by most as a rare causative stem; but ag. existence of Tiphʿēl see Barth^{NB § 180 a; ZMG 1894, 20}; Barth regards the form as denom. (from a noun formed by ת preform., compare Aramaic ܬܰܚܪܘܽܬܳܐ contention); Siegfried-Stade would point as Hithp. [compare Syriac ܐܶܬܚܪܺܝ contend with, ܚܶܪܝܳܢ contention], although meaning of Hithp. is diff., see above

חָרוֹן

noun (masc.) (burning of) anger (compare Lagarde^{BN 204 Anm.} )—ח׳ Ezekiel 7:12 + 2 times; construct חֲרוֹן Numbers 25:4 + 33 times; with suffix חֲרוֹנִי Ezekiel 7:14 (Co חרון), חֲרוֹנוֹ Psalms 2:5; חֲרֹנְךָ Exodus 15:7; plural with suffix חֲרוֹנֶי֑ךָ Psalms 88:17;—always of God’s anger (see note, below), חֲרוֹן אף Exodus 32:12 Numbers 25:4; Numbers 32:14 Joshua 7:26, Deuteronomy 13:18 I Samuel 28:18 II Kings 23:26 II Chronicles 28:11, II Chronicles 28:13; II Chronicles 29:10; II Chronicles 30:8 Ezra 10:14 Hosea 11:9 Nahum 1:6 Zephaniah 2:2; Zephaniah 3:8 Isaiah 13:9, Isaiah 13:13 Jeremiah 4:8, Jeremiah 4:26; Jeremiah 12:13; Jeremiah 25:37, Jeremiah 25:38; Jeremiah 30:24; Jeremiah 49:37; Jeremiah 51:45 Jonah 3:9 Psalms 69:25; Psalms 78:49; Psalms 85:4 Job 20:23 Lamentations 1:12; Lamentations 4:11; אף om., Exodus 15:7 (song), Nehemiah 13:18 Psalms 2:5 Ezekiel 7:12 (del. Co), v Ezekiel 7:14; plural bursts of burning anger Psalms 88:17.—

כְּמוֹ־חָרוֹן Psalms 58:10 burning anger Septuagint Vulgate Jer AV Bae Cheyne; but Gesenius' Thesaurus Muhlau-Volck Siegfried-Stade DeW Ewald Olshausen Pe, something burning, for example thorns, antith. green thorns; Hengst De cooked flesh, antith. raw; Jeremiah 25:38 מפני ח׳ הַיּוֹנָה because of the fierceness of the oppressor (? AV) would then be the only use of the word of other than God’s anger; here Septuagint Targum Ewald Hitzig Gf Ke Cheyne Gie RV rightly read חרב oppressing sword (as Jeremiah 46:16; Jeremiah 50:16). חרון is not used in H P D ² or E (except song, Exodus 15:7) of the Hex; nor in Ez except Ezekiel 7:12 (del. Co), v Ezekiel 7:14.

חֳרִי

noun (masc.) burning, always חֳרִי (הָ)אַף of Moses Exodus 11:8; Jonathan I Samuel 20:34; army of Ephraim II Chronicles 25:10; Rezin Isaiah 7:4; of God Deuteronomy 29:23 Lamentations 2:3.

חַרְהֲיָה

see חרחיה.

חֲרוּמַף

n.pr.m. father of one of the builders of the wall Nehemiah 3:10.

חַרְחֲיָה

(van d. H. חרהיה), n.pr.m. (√ and meaning. unknown)—father of one of the builders of the wall, Neh.’s time Nehemiah 3:8.

חַרְחוּר

see sub i. חרר.

חַרְחַס

n.pr.m. grandfather of Shallum, who was husband of Huldah the prophetess II Kings 22:14 (see חַסְרָה).

חַרְטֹם

noun (masc.) ^{Exodus 7:22} engraver, writer, only in deriv. sense of one possessed of occult knowledge, diviner, astrologer, magician (probably = ם + חֶרֶט, see Dillmann Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 216, 5 Stade's Hebrew Grammar §§ 295, 327 a)—only plural absolute חַרְטֻמִּים Genesis 41:24 + 4 times; חַרְטֻמִּם Exodus 8:15; Exodus 9:11; construct חַרְטֻמֵּי Genesis 41:8 + 2 times;—

magicians of Egypt Genesis 41:8 (E; ‖ חֲכָמִים), v Genesis 41:24, Exodus 8:3, Exodus 8:14, Exodus 8:15; Exodus 7:11 (‖ חֲכָמִים, מְכַשְּׁפִים), v Exodus 7:22 Exodus 9:11^(×2) (all P).

magicians of Babylon Daniel 1:20; Daniel 2:2 (‖ אַשָּׁפִים, מְכַשְּׁפִים, כַּשְׂדִּים). the fact that the word is always applied to Egyptian magicians, except Daniel 2:2 (late), suggests Egyptian origin, but no agreement among Egyptologists: HarkavyJAs^{, 1870, Mars–Avril, 169} proposes xar, speak + tum, hidden = teller of hidden things; Wied^{Samml 44}: thinks Hebrew word perhaps imitating an Egyptian cher-ṭem-t, he who holds the book; FCCook ^{‘Speaker’s’ Comm. i. 279} proposes cher-tum = bearer of sacred words.

חֳרִי²

see חָרָה.

חֹרִי²

white bread see sub I. חור.

חֹרִי³

n.pr.gent. see sub III. חרר.

חָרוּל

n.[m.] a kind of weed, perhaps chickpea (cicercula), see Löw ^{p. 153} (Syriac ܚܽܘܪܠܴܐ fodder for horses; Targum Proverbs 24:31 gives חוּרְלָא)—absolute ח׳ Job 30:7 Zephaniah 2:9; plural חֲרֻלִּים Proverbs 24:31;—as growing in devastated land, coll. Zephaniah 2:9; in vineyard of slothful, plural כִּסּוּ פניו ח׳ Proverbs 24:31 (‖ קִמְּשׂנִים); as sole shelter of certain outcast peoples Job 30:7 (שִׂיחִים).

חָרַם

verbHiph. ban, devote, exterminate (MI¹⁷ החרמתה of devoting, dedicating a city to Chemosh, in cl. with כי explaining massacre of all inhabitants; the altar-hearth of י׳ there was dragged before Chemosh; حَرُمَ be prohibited, forbidden, unlawful, become sacred; ii. make, pronounce sacred, inviolable; Ethiopic ሐረመ prohibit from common use, consecrate to God, esteem unlawful; Palmyrene חרם = consacré Vog^{Noldeke. 35}; Nab. the same, Eut^{p. 28}; Sab. מחרם sanctuary, temple, Os^{ZMG 1865, 176, 252}, חרמתן DHM^{ZMG 1875, 594}; Aramaic אַחֲרִים, and especially ܐܰܚܪܶܡ anathematize, excommunicate; see also Wellhausen^{Skizzen iii, 165}, Driver^{Smend 100 ff.}, Robertson Smith^{Sem. i. 140(150)})—

past (עבר) הֶהֱרִים Joshua 8:26 + 5 times; הֶחֱרִם Joshua 10:28; 2nd masculine singular וְהַחֲרַמְתָּ֫ה I Samuel 15:18; 1st singular הֶחֱרַמְתִּי I Samuel 15:20; וְהַחֲרַמְתִּ֫י Numbers 21:2; 2nd feminine singular וְהַחֲרַמְתְּ(י) consec. Micah 4:13 (so Septuagint Vulgate Peshitta Targum RV most; Masoretic Text 1st singular), see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 44, R. 4; plural הֶחֱרִימוּ I Samuel 15:9 II Chronicles 32:14 etc.; (I Samuel 15:3 read והחרמתו Septuagint Wellhausen Driver); future (עתיד) יַחֲרִם Leviticus 27:28; וַיַּחֲרֵם Numbers 21:3 Joshua 10:37; with suffix וַיַּחֲרִימָהּ Joshua 10:1; 1st plural וַנַּחֲרֵם Deuteronomy 2:34; Deuteronomy 3:6 etc.; imperative (ציווי) הַחֲרֵם Deuteronomy 13:16; plural הַחֲרִימוּ Jeremiah 51:3; with suffix הַחֲרִימוּהָ Jeremiah 50:26; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַחֲרֵם Deuteronomy 3:6 + 4 times; construct הַחֲרִים II Chronicles 20:23 Daniel 11:44; with suffix הַחֲרִימָם Joshua 11:20 + 4 times;—ban, devote (especially religiously, followed by objects hostile to the theocracy [see especially Exodus 22:19 Hoph.]; this involved generally their destruction; when a city was ‘devoted’ the inhab. were put to death, the spoil being destroyed or not according to the gravity of the occasion [contrast Joshua 6:17, Joshua 6:21 I Samuel 15:3 with Deuteronomy 2:34; Deuteronomy 3:6, Deuteronomy 3:7], compare MI¹⁷ לעשתר כמש החרמתה to Ashtar-Chemosh I devoted it, that is the city Nebo);—

most often of devoting to destruction cities of Canaanites and other neighbours of Isr., exterminating inhabitants, and destroying or appropriating their possessions:

Isr. and her leaders subj. Numbers 21:2, Numbers 21:3 (destruction according to vow), Joshua 6:21 (compare חֵרֶם ליהוה v Joshua 6:17; all J); in v Joshua 6:18 read תַּחְמְדוּ (for Masoretic Text תַּחֲרִימוּ, see Dillmann VB); Joshua 8:26 Septuagint, not SeptuagintL, om. see), Joshua 10:1, Deuteronomy 2:34; Deuteronomy 3:6^(×2); Deuteronomy 7:2^(×2) (commanded through Moses, compare for underlying thought v Deuteronomy 7:4, Deuteronomy 7:5, Deuteronomy 7:6), Deuteronomy 20:17^(×2) (commanded by י׳), Joshua 2:10 Joshua 10:28, Joshua 10:35, Joshua 10:37, Joshua 10:39, Joshua 10:40 (divine command), Joshua 11:11, Joshua 11:12, Joshua 11:20, Joshua 11:21 (divine command v Joshua 11:12, Joshua 11:20; all D), I Samuel 15:3, I Samuel 15:8, I Samuel 15:9^(×2), I Samuel 15:15, I Samuel 15:18, I Samuel 15:20 (divine command v I Samuel 15:3, I Samuel 15:18, I Samuel 15:20, compare v I Samuel 15:11, I Samuel 15:22, I Samuel 15:23); quite secondary is simple exterminate I Kings 9:21, I Chronicles 4:41.

secondary meaning destroy, exterminate, also with other nations subj.:—II Kings 19:11 = Isaiah 37:11 = II Chronicles 32:14, II Chronicles 20:23, Jeremiah 50:21, Jeremiah 50:26 (both by divine command), Jeremiah 51:3 Daniel 11:44.

God as subj., figuratively all nations and their armies Isaiah 34:2; the nations of Western Asia Jeremiah 25:9; the tongue of the Egyptian sea (by drying it up) Isaiah 11:15 (but read perhaps החריב with Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate Targum).

so also of devoting even Israelites: a city of Isr. for worshipping other gods Deuteronomy 13:16; residents of Jabesh-Gilead for not joining in campaign against Benj. Judges 21:11.

devote to י׳: for sacred uses החרים ליהוה the spoil of the nations Micah 4:13; private possessions, whether a man, animal, or field Leviticus 27:28.

future (עתיד) יָחֳרַם Leviticus 27:29 Ezra 10:8; יָחֳרָ֑ם Exodus 22:19;—

be put under the ban, devoted (to death), for worshipping other gods than י׳ Exodus 22:19 (JE; earliest use of word in OT); for some other theocratic offence Leviticus 27:29 (P; see Dillmann).

devoted, that is forfeited, to the temple treasures Ezra 10:8.—On חרם see especially Dillmann (Kn) Leviticus 27:28; Ewald^Antiq.75.78, Driver I Samuel 15:33.

חֵ֫רֶם

noun (masc.) ^{Leviticus 27:28} 1. devoted thing. 2. devotion, ban;—ח׳ absolute Joshua 6:17 + 24 times (most read חֶרֶם Zechariah 14:11, Baer חֵרֶם); חֶ֑רֶם Joshua 7:1; with suffix חֶרְמִי I Kings 20:42 Isaiah 34:5;—thing devoted to י׳:

thing hostile to theocracy, and therefore (in the strictest application) to be either destroyed, or, in the case of certain objects (for example silver and gold, vessels of brass and iron Joshua 6:19, Joshua 6:24), set apart to sacred uses; especially

of a Canaan. city, as Jericho, incl. all inhab. (except Rahab’s family) and spoil Joshua 6:17, Joshua 6:18^(×2); Joshua 7:1, Joshua 7:11, Joshua 7:15; Achan by taking מִן־הַחֵרֶם made (camp of) Isr. ח׳ Joshua 7:12 compare Joshua 6:18, and became himself ח׳, and was stoned and, with his family and possessions, incl. the spoil, was burnt Joshua 7:1, Joshua 7:11, Joshua 7:12, Joshua 7:13^(×2) (all JE except Joshua 7:1 P; compare v Joshua 7:15, Joshua 7:24, Joshua 7:25); מָעַל מַעַל בַּח׳ committed unfaithfulness in the matter of the devoted thing is term for the sin Joshua 7:1 Joshua 22:20 (both P), compare מָעַל בַּח׳ I Chronicles 2:7; Saul and Isr. spared Agag king of Amalek and רֵאשִׁית הַח׳ that is of the spoil (sheep and oxen), wh. should have been utterly destroyed I Samuel 15:21 (compare v I Samuel 15:3, I Samuel 15:8; Saul rejected by י׳ for this v I Samuel 15:11, I Samuel 15:26); so an idolatr. city in Isr. should become ח׳, with all its contents, and be utterly destroyed Deuteronomy 13:17 (compare v Deuteronomy 13:13, Deuteronomy 13:15, Deuteronomy 13:16).

of individuals, one having relic of Canaanit. god in his house should become ח׳, the relic being ח׳ Deuteronomy 7:26^(×2); every human being who became ח׳ should be killed Leviticus 27:29^(×2) (P; see Dillmann).

appar. (so Dillmann) anything devoted to sanctuary under specially stringent conditions Leviticus 27:28 (see Dillmann; and compare Ezra 10:8); a field consecrated to י׳ becomes under certain conditions כִּשְׂדֵה הַח׳ Leviticus 27:21; every ח׳ is קֹדֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁים ליהוה v Leviticus 27:28, and no ח׳ that a man may devote, whether man, beast or field, may be sold or redeemed v Leviticus 27:28; every such ח׳ (as in case of metals and metal objects Joshua 6:17, Joshua 6:19) went to Aaron and his sons Numbers 18:14, to Zadokite priests Ezekiel 44:29.

devotion, ban, involving destruction; אִישׁ חֶרְמִי I Kings 20:42 man under my (י׳’s) ban (of Benhadad); עַם חֶרְמִי Isaiah 34:5 (of Edom); נתן לַח׳ Isaiah 43:28 figuratively of י׳’s giving over Jud. to Chald.; ח׳ not to be in future Zechariah 14:11; פֶּן־אָבוֹא וְהִכֵּיתִי אֶת־הָאָרֶץ ח׳ Malachi 3:24 smite the land with a ban, that is utterly destroy it.

חֳרֵם

n.pr.location (sacred; compare Sab.. n.pr.location אחרם DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 43})—a place in tribe of Naphtali Joshua 19:38; not identified.

חָרִם

n.pr.m. (consecrated; compare Sab. n.pr.m. חרם, יחרמאל Hal^{411. 504} DHM^l.c.)—

priest of the third course, David’s time, according to I Chronicles 24:8.

priest of time of Nehemiah Nehemiah 10:6.

heads of families of returning exiles:

Ezra 2:39 = Nehemiah 7:41, Ezra 10:21 Nehemiah 12:15.

Ezra 2:32 = Nehemiah 7:34, Ezra 10:31 Nehemiah 3:11.

a prince Nehemiah 10:28.

חָרְמָה

n.pr.location (asylum, compare Arabic the same, Wetzstein^{ZKW see 1884, 115})—a royal city of Canaanites, in the South, in tribe of Simeon Numbers 14:45 (JE; art. only here see Dillmann), Numbers 21:3 where name expl. from Israel’s devoting Canaanites of Arad to destruction; Joshua 15:30; Joshua 19:4, Deuteronomy 1:44 Joshua 12:14, I Samuel 30:30 I Chronicles 4:30; originally called צְפַת Judges 1:17, where name is said to have been changed to Ḥormah because Judah and Simeon (after death of Joshua) devoted its inhabitants to destruction, see Dillmann Numbers 21:3.—On site see צְפַת.

חֶרְמוֹן

n.pr.mont. Hermon (sacred mountain, compare Sab. מחרם, etc., temple, Arabic حَرَامٌ interior of mosque, حُرْمَةٌ asylum, Wetzstein^{ZKW see 1884, 115} Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 93; 2nd ed., 94})—the highest peak of Anti-Lebanon range, usually snow-capped, commanding southern Syria & northern Palestine; it is called שִׂיאֹן by the author of Deuteronomy 4:48; by the Amorites שְׂנִיר, by the Sidonians שִׂרְיֹן Deuteronomy 3:9. It has three peaks; and the names חרמון and שׂניר, distinguished in I Chronicles 5:23 Song of Songs 4:8, may refer to two of these peaks; חֶרְמוֹנִים Psalms 42:7 probably refers to these different peaks (see Rob^{BR iii, 357} Bäd^{Pal. 301}). It is a northern boundary עד הר ח׳ Deuteronomy 3:8 Joshua 12:1; הר חרמוֹן mount Hermon is used also Joshua 11:17; Joshua 12:5; Joshua 13:5, Joshua 13:11 I Chronicles 5:23; but חרמון Joshua 11:3 Psalms 89:13; Psalms 133:3 Song of Songs 4:8. Vid. בַּעַל חֶרְמוֹן Judges 3:3 I Chronicles 5:23 (see Wetzstein^{ib. 115}).

חָרַם²

verb slit (nose, lip, ear, etc.), mutilate, especially face (Arabic خَرَمَ perforate, pierce, slit the partition between the nostrils, or the lip, or the lobe of the ear)—

participle (בינוני) passive אִישׁ עִוֵּר אוֹ פִּסֵּחַ אוֹ חָרֻם אוֹ שָׂרוּעַ a man blind or lame or mutilated in the face (in nose, lip, ear, etc.), or too long in a limb Leviticus 21:18, see Dillmann (Kn).

חֵ֫רֶם²

noun (masc.) net (as something perforated; compare Arabic مُخَرَّمٌ perforated work, Fl in NHWB^{ii. 208}; Mishnaic Hebrew חֵרֶם net; Phoenician חרם maker of nets)—absolute ח׳ Micah 7:2; with suffix חֶרְמִי Ezekiel 32:3, חֶרְמוֹ Habakkuk 1:15, Habakkuk 1:16, Habakkuk 1:17; plural חֲרָמִים Ecclesiastes 7:26 Ezekiel 26:5, Ezekiel 26:14; Ezekiel 47:10;—hunter’s net Micah 7:2 Ecclesiastes 7:26; fisherman’s net Ezekiel 26:5, Ezekiel 26:14; Ezekiel 32:3; Ezekiel 47:10 Habakkuk 1:15, Habakkuk 1:16, Habakkuk 1:17.

חֶרְמֵשׁ

n.[m.] sickle (on form see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 85 xii. 55)—Deuteronomy 16:9; Deuteronomy 23:26.

חָרָן

n.pr.location city in northern Mesopotamia (Assyrian ḫarrânu = road, path COT^Gloss.; compare Delitzsch^{Pa 185}; Jensen^{Kosmologie 28} ‘junction of trading-routes’ = cross-roads)—mentioned as city of Abram’s sojourn Genesis 11:31, where his father Teraḥ died v Genesis 11:32, and whence he departed for Canaan Genesis 12:4, Genesis 12:5; where Laban, Jacob’s uncle, lived, and whither Jacob fled Genesis 27:43; Genesis 28:10 (both חָרָ֫נָה), Genesis 29:4; as conquered by fathers of Sennacherib II Kings 19:12 = Isaiah 37:12; as place of trade Ezekiel 27:23; Assyrian Ḫarrana (-ni), Schr^COT on Genesis 11:31; Genesis 27:43 Septuagint Χαρραν. It was an ancient seat of worship of moon-god (Sin), see Schr^{KG 355, 536}; see further Chwolsohn^{Ssabier i, 303 ff.} Wüstenfeld^{ZMG 1864, 443 f.} Schr^{KG 355, 536} Sachau^{Reise 217 ff.} Mez^{Gesch. d. Stadt Harran, 1892}.

חָרָן²

n.pr.m. son of Caleb of Judah I Chronicles 2:46^(×2); Septuagint Αρραν, SeptuagintL Ωρων (Sab. n.pr. חרן DHM^{Epigr. Dakm. 56}).

חֶ֫רֶס

noun (masc.) ^{Judges 14:18} sun (Mishnaic Hebrew the same)—absolute ח׳ Job 9:7 (‖ כוכבים); c. ה epenth. בְּטֶרֶם יָבֹא הַחַ֫רְסָה Judges 14:18 (compare לַיִל, לַיְלָה) before the sun could go down (but read perhaps הַחַ֫דְרָה into the (bridal) chamber Stade^{journal ZAW 1884, 253 ff.}).

חֶ֫רֶס²

n.pr.location

abode of Amorites, בְּהַר־חֶרֶס בְּאַיָּלוֹן וּבְשַׁעַלְבִֿים Judges 1:35, since חֶרֶס sun = שֶׁמֶשׁ, perhaps = בֵּית שֶׁמֶשׁ 1. (q.see), so Stu (who proposes עִיר חֶרֶס = עָר), Ke Be Budde^{Robertson Smith17} Öt Bla Septuagint ἐν τῷ [ὄρει τοῦ] Μυρσινῶνι(-ος) = הַר הֲדַס.

place E. of Jordan מִלְמַעֲלֵה הֶחָ֑רֶס Judges 8:13 from the ascent of Ḥeres, Septuagint Αρες; the point whence Gideon turned back from pursuing Midian; Aq Symm read הֶהָרִים (see Lagarde^{Onom. 96, 2nd ed. 131}) so Siegfried-Stade.—תִּמְנַת־חֶרֶס Judges 2:9 see sub תִּמְנַת, √ מנה.

חֶרֶס

see sub חרשׂ.

חָרַף

verb reproach (Mishnaic Hebrew Pi. the same; Aramaic חֲרַף the same, ܚܰܪܶܦ sharpen, ܚܰܪܺܝܦ sharp, keen, acute);—

future (עתיד) לֹא־יֶחֱרַף לְבָבִי מִיָּמָ֑י Job 27:6; participle (בינוני) with suffix חֹרְפִי Psalms 119:42 Proverbs 27:11; חוֹרְפֶיךָ Psalms 69:10.

past (עבר) חֵרֵף Judges 5:18 + 6 times; חֵרַפְתָּ Isaiah 37:23 + 4 times etc. + 10 times pf.; future (עתיד) יְחָרֵף II Samuel 21:21 I Chronicles 20:7; וְחָ֫רֶף Psalms 74:10 + 2 times with suffix; infinitive (מקור) לְחָרֵף Isaiah 37:4 + 5 times; בְּחָֽרְפָם II Samuel 23:9 (but see below); participle (בינוני) מְחָרֵף Psalms 44:17;—reproach,—proposes say sharp things against,—taunt, with a direct object Judges 8:15 I Samuel 17:10, I Samuel 17:25, I Samuel 17:26, I Samuel 17:36, I Samuel 17:45 II Samuel 21:21 + I Chronicles 20:7; God, by injustice to the poor Proverbs 14:31; Proverbs 17:5; Yahweh, by idolatry Isaiah 65:7; Yahweh as the God of Israel II Kings 19:4, II Kings 19:16, II Kings 19:22, II Kings 19:23 = Isaiah 37:4, Isaiah 37:17, Isaiah 37:23, Isaiah 37:24 = II Chronicles 32:17 (c. לְ); c. בְּ, Philistines II Samuel 23:9 Masoretic Text (but read בְּפַס דַּמִּים at Pas-dammîm, n.pr.location, as I Chronicles 11:13 Wellhausen Driver); reproach, Nehemiah 6:13 Psalms 42:11; Psalms 44:17; Psalms 55:13; Psalms 57:4; Psalms 74:10, Psalms 74:18; Psalms 79:12; Psalms 89:52^(×2); Psalms 102:9 Zephaniah 2:8, Zephaniah 2:10; poet. and figuratively, despise, scorn, ח׳ נפשׁ למוּת Judges 5:18.

חֶרְפָּה

noun (fem.) reproach—ח׳ Genesis 34:14 + 35 times; construct חֶרְפַּת Joshua 5:9 + 15 times; with suffix חֶרְפָּֽתְךָ Psalms 74:22 etc. + 17 times sfs.; plural חֲרָפוֹת Psalms 69:11 Daniel 12:2; construct חֶרְפּוֹת Psalms 69:10.—

taunt of enemy I Samuel 17:26; so also I Samuel 25:39; reproach cast upon another, scorn, contumely Nehemiah 3:36; Nehemiah 5:9 Psalms 69:20, Psalms 69:21; Psalms 71:13; Psalms 89:51; Psalms 119:22 Proverbs 18:3 Isaiah 51:7 Ezekiel 21:33; שׁמע ח׳ Jeremiah 51:51 Zephaniah 2:8 Lamentations 3:61; נתן ח׳ על Jeremiah 23:40; נשׂא ח׳ על Psalms 15:3 (slander); נשׂא ח׳ Jeremiah 31:19 Ezekiel 36:15 Micah 6:16 (reproach); נשׂא ח׳ על bear reproach for Psalms 69:8 Jeremiah 15:15 Zephaniah 3:18; השׁיב ח׳ Hosea 12:15 Nehemiah 3:36; חרף ח׳ Psalms 69:10; Psalms 79:12; Psalms 89:51; הסיר ח׳ מעל I Samuel 17:26 Isaiah 25:8; העביר ח׳ Psalms 119:39; reproaches against God Psalms 69:10 (חֶרְפּוֹת חוֹרְפֶיךָ), Psalms 74:22; Psalms 79:12.

reproach which rests upon one, condition of shame, disgrace:

sexual II Samuel 13:13 Isaiah 47:3 Ezekiel 16:57 Proverbs 6:33.

barrenness of womb Genesis 30:23 Isaiah 4:1; widowhood Isaiah 54:4.

hunger Ezekiel 36:30; disease Job 19:5.

ritual, uncircumcision Genesis 34:14 Joshua 5:9.

injuries from enemies Lamentations 3:30; Lamentations 5:1 Nehemiah 1:3; Nehemiah 2:17 Job 16:10 Daniel 11:18^(×2).

a reproach, the object of reproach, the person or thing reproached חֶרְפַּת אָדָם a reproach of man Psalms 22:7; ח׳ נבל Psalms 39:9; היה ח׳ ל׳ become an object of reproach to Psalms 31:12; Psalms 79:4; Psalms 89:42; Psalms 109:25 Ezekiel 5:15; (היה) לח (ל׳) Isaiah 30:5 Jeremiah 6:10; Jeremiah 20:8; Jeremiah 42:18; Jeremiah 44:8, Jeremiah 44:12; Jeremiah 49:13 Psalms 69:11 Daniel 9:16; Daniel 12:2; נתן ח׳ (ל׳) Ezekiel 22:4 Joel 2:19 Psalms 78:66; נתן לח׳ Jeremiah 24:9; Jeremiah 29:18 Ezekiel 5:14 Joel 2:17; שׂים ח׳ ל׳ Psalms 44:14; שׂים ח׳ על I Samuel 11:2.

חָרַף²

verbdenom. remain in harvest-time (so Arabic خَرَفَ; Eng. to winter)—only

future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular כָּל־בֶּהֱמַת הָאָרֶץ עָלָיו תֶּחֱרָ֑ף Isaiah 18:6 all the beasts of the earth shall spend the harvest-time upon it.

חָרֵף

(doubtful whether from I. or II.) n.pr.m. a chief of the line of Judah I Chronicles 2:51.

חָרִף

n.pr.m. (compare Arabic خَرِيفٌ autumn, see חֹרֶף above)—

חָרִף head of a family of returned exiles Nehemiah 7:23 (Septuagint Αρειφ, SeptuagintL Ιωρηε) = יוֹרָה (compare יוֹרֶה early rain) Ezra 2:18 (Septuagint Ουρα, A Ιωρα, SeptuagintL Ωραι).

חָרִיף one of those sealed Nehemiah 10:20 Septuagint Αρειφ(α), SeptuagintL Αρηφ.

חָרַף³

verb acquire (compare Arabic حَرَفَ turn a thing from its proper way or manner, but also gain, acquire [subsistence] for one’s family)—only

participle (בינוני) f. שִׁפְחָה נֶחֱרֶפֶת לְאִישׁ a maidservant acquired for a man (viz. as his concubine) Leviticus 19:20 (H; compare Mishnaic Hebrew חֲרוּפָה of woman designated for a man).

חָרַץ

verb cut, sharpen, decide (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, cut in, decide, Aramaic in deriv.; Assyrian ḫarâṣu, dig, decide, ḫariṣu, trench, Zehnpfund^{BAS i. 502}; Phoenician חרץ decision, Hoffmann^{AGG xxxvi. May 1889, 11})—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ח׳ Joshua 10:21; חָרָ֑צְתָּ I Kings 20:40; future (עתיד) יֶחֱרַץ־ Exodus 11:7; 2nd masculine singular תֶּחֱרָ֑ץ II Samuel 5:24; participle (בינוני) passive חָרוּץ Isaiah 10:22 Leviticus 22:22; plural חֲרוּצִים Job 14:5 (see also חָרוּץ below)—

cut, mutilate Leviticus 22:22 (עַוֶּרֶת אוֹ שָׁבוּר אוֹ־חָרוּץ אוֹ יַבֶּלֶת).

sharpen, figuratively the tongue, לֹא יֶח׳־כֶּלֶב לְשֹׁנוֹ לְ Exodus 11:7, that is utter no sound against Isr., Joshua 10:21.

decide I Kings 20:40 (absolute); so pt. passive חרוצים ימיו Job 14:5 his days are determined, fixed (‖ מִסְפַּר חדשׁיו), Isaiah 10:22 כִּלָּיוֹן ח׳; act with decision II Samuel 5:24.

participle (בינוני) נֶחֱרָצָה Isaiah 10:23 + 3 times; נֶחֱרֶצֶת Daniel 9:26 (both these forms inf. construct according to Barth^{NB 90}); decisive כָּלָה וְנֶח׳ Isaiah 10:23; Isaiah 28:22 Daniel 9:27 a consumption and strict decision (that is that which is strictly determined), כי נ׳ נֶעֱשָׂ֑תָה Daniel 11:36; נח׳ שֹׁמֵמוֹת Daniel 9:26 strict determining of desolation.

חָרוּץ

adjective sharp, diligent (on this and following see Barth^{NB 173})—חָרוּץ Isaiah 28:27 + 11 times; plural חֲרוּצִים Proverbs 10:4; Proverbs 12:24; חֲרֻצִים Proverbs 13:4; חֲרֻצוֹת Amos 1:3;—

sharp: of threshing instrument מוֹרָג ח׳ חָדָשׁ Isaiah 41:15; without מ׳, as noun, Isaiah 28:27 (where יוּדַשׁ); ח׳ הַבַּרְזֶל Amos 1:3; Job 41:22 (figuratively of crocodile).

figuratively diligent: as noun Proverbs 21:5; opposite רְמִיָּה Proverbs 10:4; Proverbs 12:24, Proverbs 12:27; opposite עָצֵל Proverbs 13:4.—Daniel 9:25 see iv. חרוץ.

חָרוּץ²

n.[m.] strict decision, only עֵמֶק הֶחָרוּץ Joel 4:14^(×2) valley of strict decision (see Barth^{l. c.}).

חָרוּץ³

n.[m.] trench, moat (Aramaic חֲרִיצָא; Assyrian ḫariṣu, ḫiriṣu, the same, Delitzsch^HWB)—only in רְחוֹב וְח׳ Daniel 9:25, si vera l.; as above Gesenius Herzf Ewald Zö Meinh (q.see); Gratz רְחוֹב וחיץ; < Septuagint Bev רְחוֹב וָחוּץ with public places and streets.

חָרוּץ⁴

n.pr.m. father of king Amon’s mother II Kings 21:19, Septuagint Αρους.

חָרוּץ⁵

noun (masc.) ^{Proverbs 8:10} gold, poet. (Phoenician חרץ, see Driver^{Smend xxviii.}; Assyrian ḫurâṣu)—חָרוּץ Psalms 68:14 + 5 times; gold, always ‖ כֶּסֶף; Zechariah 9:3, of dove’s wings Psalms 68:14 בִּירַקְרַק ח׳; elsewhere in comparison with value of wisdom, etc. Proverbs 3:14; Proverbs 8:10 (ח׳ נִבְחָר) v Proverbs 8:19; Proverbs 16:16.

חָרַק

verb gnash or grind the teeth, only poet. (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic حَرَقَ file, rub together, grate or grind (teeth); Aramaic ܚܰܪܶܩ the same)—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ח׳ Job 16:9; future (עתיד) יַחֲרֹק Psalms 112:10; וַיַּחַרְקוּ־ Lamentations 2:16; infinitive (מקור) absolute חָרֹק Psalms 35:16; participle (בינוני) חֹרֵק Psalms 37:12;—grind the teeth in rage against: ח׳ שׁניו על Psalms 37:12; Psalms 35:16; absolute without על Psalms 112:10 Lamentations 2:16 (only here c. שֵׁן sing.); c. בְּ instr. (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 119. 3 b. R. Davidson^{Synt. § 73 R. 6}) ח׳ בשׁניו על־ Job 16:9.

חָרַר

verb be hot, scorched, burn, poet. & late (Arabic حَرٌّ be hot, burn, thirst; Ethiopic ሐረረ Aramaic חַר; compare Assyrian arâru, glow, SASmAsrb. ^{i, p. 97} Belser^{BAS ii, 155})—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular חָ֫רָה Job 30:30, וְחָ֫רָה consec. Ezekiel 24:11, חָ֫רוּ Isaiah 24:6;—

be hot, scorched, Jerus., under figuratively of caldron Ezekiel 24:11.

burn = be burned, figuratively of men, in י׳’s judgment, Isaiah 24:6.

burn, of bones of sick men in fever ח׳ מִנִּי־חֹרֶב Job 30:30.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נָחָ֑ר Ezekiel 15:4, נִחַר Psalms 69:4; 3rd plural נִחָ֑רוּ Psalms 102:4 (Konig^{i. 368}); future (עתיד) וַיֵּחָ֑ר Ezekiel 15:5 יֵח֑רוּ Ezekiel 24:10 (del. Co B al.)

be scorched, of bellows מַפֻּחַ in fierce fire Jeremiah 6:29 (figuratively); scorched, charred, of the vine (as fuel) Ezekiel 15:4, Ezekiel 15:5 middle part charred, the ends devoured (אכל) by fire (sim. of inhab. of Jerus.); bones (sim. the same) Ezekiel 24:10 (see above).

burn, of bones in fever Psalms 102:4 (כְּמוֹקֵד, compare Qal Job 30:30); be parched, of throat נח׳ גרוני Psalms 69:4.—Isaiah 41:11; Isaiah 45:24 Song of Songs 1:6 see חרה. Niph. 1. נָחַר Jeremiah 6:29 from √ נחר snort, puff, according to Mich Ewald Gf Gie al.,—not Duhm.

infinitive (מקור) לְחַרְחַר־רִיב Proverbs 26:21 to kindle strife.

חַרְחוּר²

n.pr.m. head of a family of returning exiles Ezra 2:51 = Nehemiah 7:52; Septuagint Αρου(α)ρ (meaning as above? or from ii. חרר?).

חֹר³

noun (masc.) ^{I Kings 21:8} noble, late, especially Neh., see Driver^{Intr. 519 n.} (see Lagarde^{BN 32}) compare Noldeke^{ZMG lvii (1903), 416}.—only plural חֹרִים I Kings 21:8 + 6 times, חוֹרִים Ecclesiastes 10:17, Nehemiah 6:17 + 3 times; with suffix חֹרֶיהָ Isaiah 34:12;—nobles in Naboth’s city I Kings 21:8, I Kings 21:11; nobles of Judah, חֹרֵי יְהוּדָה I Kings 6:17; I Kings 13:17 Jeremiah 27:20; Jeremiah 39:6 Nehemiah 6:17; Nehemiah 13:17, הח׳ והסגנים (in Jerusalem) Nehemiah 2:16; Nehemiah 4:8, Nehemiah 4:13; Nehemiah 5:7; Nehemiah 7:5, Ecclesiastes 10:17, of Edom Isaiah 34:12.—i. חֹר, see ii. חור.

חֹר⁴

n.[m.] hole;—absolute חֹר II Kings 12:10 Ezekiel 8:7 (del. Co B etc.), חוֹר Song of Songs 5:4, חֹרִים I Samuel 14:11; construct חֹרֵי Job 30:6; with suffix חֹרָיו Nahum 2:13, חֹרֵיהֶן Zechariah 14:12;—hole in lid of chest II Kings 12:10 (made by boring, נקב), in door Song of Songs 5:4; in wall Ezekiel 8:7 (see supra); = eye-socket עיניו תִּמַּקְנָה בְּח׳ Zechariah 14:12 (plague of enemies of Jerusalem); holes as hiding-places for men I Samuel 14:11, so also I Samuel 13:6 Ewald Wellhausen Driver (for Masoretic Text חוחים), dwelling of outcast people חרי עָפָר Job 30:6; of dens of lions Nahum 2:13.—i. חֹר, see ii. חור.

חֻר

n.[m.] the same—plural חוּרִים Isaiah 42:22 as hiding-places of men; s. construct חֻר Isaiah 11:8 hole of asp (פָּ֑תֶן).

חֹרִי⁴

adjective, usually n.pr.gent. et person (probably = cave-dweller, so Gesenius' Thesaurus Rob-Gesenius. Muhlau-Volck VB; see also W Max Müll ^{Asien u. Europa 136, 155, 156})—

adjective gent. שֵׂעִיר הַח׳ Genesis 36:20 Seir the Horite; read הַח׳ also v Genesis 36:2 for Masoretic Text הַחִוִּי.

n.pr.gent. always c. art.; usually singular coll. הַחֹרִי, ancient inhabitants of land of Edom Genesis 14:6 (בְּהַרֲרָם שֵׂעִיר); in P called בְּנֵי שֵׂעִיר בְּאֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם Genesis 36:21 (vid. v Genesis 36:20); compare v Genesis 36:29, Genesis 36:30; according to Deuteronomy 2:12 (where alone הַחֹרִים), v Deuteronomy 2:22 they were driven out by sons of Esau (yet see Genesis 36l. c. and Dillmann); Septuagint ὁ Χορραιος, οἱ Χορραιοι, (Genesis 36:29, Genesis 36:30 Χορρ(ε)ι).

n.pr.personm.

חֹרִי an Edomite Genesis 36:22 = I Chronicles 1:39; Septuagint Χορρ(ε)ι.

חוֹרי a Simeonite Numbers 13:5, but Septuagint Σουρ(ε)ι, SeptuagintL Σουδρι.—i. חֹרִי see sub i. חור.

חֶ֫רֶשׂ

n.[m.] earthenware, earthen vessel, sherd, potsherd, P and late (Mishnaic Hebrew חֶרֶס, Aramaic חֲרַס)—absolute ח׳ Leviticus 6:21 + 9 times, חָ֑רֶשׂ Numbers 5:17 + 4 times; plural construct חַרְשֵׂי Isaiah 45:9; with suffix חֲרָשֶׂיהָ Ezekiel 23:34.—

earthenware: כְּלִי־ח׳ earthen vessel Jeremiah 32:14; especially P Leviticus 6:21; Leviticus 11:33; Leviticus 14:5, Leviticus 14:50; Leviticus 15:12; Numbers 5:17; without כְּלִי Proverbs 26:23; compare בַּקְבֻּק יוֹצֵר ח׳ Jeremiah 19:1; לְנִבְלֵי ח׳ Lamentations 4:2 they are reckoned as earthen vessels, sim. of sons of Zion; חֶרֶשׂ אֶת־חַרְשֵׂי אֲדָמָה Isaiah 45:9 a potsherd (perhaps = earthen vessel, see Proverbs 26:23 above) among earthen potsherds (of men, over against י׳ their potter); sim. of dryness Psalms 22:16.

a fragment of earthenware, sherd Isaiah 30:14 Ezekiel 23:34; ה׳ לְהִתְגָּרֵד Job 2:8 a sherd to scrape himself; חַדּוּדֵי ח׳ Job 41:22 sharpest potsherds, figuratively of sharp scales on belly of crocodile.

חֶ֫רֶס³

n.[m.] an eruptive disease, itch (Aramaic חַרְסָא, ܚܶܪܣܳܐ; also ܚܰܪܘܽܣ rough, etc.)—וּבֶחָ֑רֶס Deuteronomy 28:27 (‖ עפלים Kt, גָּרָב),—i, ii. חֶרֶס see sub חרס.

חָרַשׁ

verb cut in, engrave, plough, devise (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, plough, so Ethiopic ሐረሰ Phoenician חרש, Aramaic (rare) חֲרַת engrave, ܚܪܰܬ cleave, plough, Arabic حَرَثَ plough)—

past (עבר) חָֽרְשׁוּ Psalms 129:3, חֲרַשְׁתֶּם Judges 14:18 Hosea 10:13; future (עתיד) יַחֲרֹשׁ Isaiah 28:24 Proverbs 20:4; יַחֲרוֹשׁ Hosea 10:11 + Amos 6:12 (see below); 2nd masculine singular תַּחֲרֹשׁ Deuteronomy 22:10 Proverbs 3:29; infinitive (מקור) construct חֲרֹשׁ I Samuel 8:12; participle (בינוני) חֹרֵשׁ Genesis 4:22 + 5 times; חוֹרֵשׁ Amos 9:13; plural חֹרְשִׁים Psalms 129:3, חֹרְשֵׁי Job 4:8 + 3 times, fpl. absolute חֹרְשׁוֹת Job 1:14; passive חֲרוּשָׁה Jeremiah 17:1:—

cut in, engrave, of worker in metals ח׳ נְחֹשֶׁת וּבַרְזֶל Genesis 4:22, ח׳ נחשׁת I Kings 7:14; figuratively ח׳ עַל־לוּחַ לִבָּם Jeremiah 17:1 engraved on the tablet of their heart.

plough, literally, human subj. (animal usually c. בְּ), no obj. expr. I Kings 19:19 Deuteronomy 22:10 Isaiah 28:24, so יַחֲרוֹשׁ בבקרים Amos 6:12 (but read probably יֵחָרֵשׁ בבקר יָם, see Wellhausen al.); with a direct object cogn. ח׳ חֲרִישׁוֹ I Samuel 8:12 plough his ploughing (= do his ploughing), Proverbs 20:4; figuratively Judges 14:18 Hosea 10:11; with ethical ref. ח׳ רֶשַׁע v Hosea 10:13 (‖ קצר), ח׳ אָוֶן Job 4:8 (‖ זרע, קצר); עַל־גַּבִּי חָֽרְשׁוּ חֹרְשִׁים Psalms 129:3 upon my back have ploughmen ploughed (figuratively of oppression by wicked); חֹרֵשׁ = ploughman Isaiah 28:24, Amos 9:13 (‖ קוֹצֵר); ח׳ with oxen subj. only Job 1:14.

devise (as one who works in, practises), usually bad sense, obj. רָעָה Proverbs 3:29, רַע Proverbs 6:14; מַחְשְׁבוֹת אָוֶן v Proverbs 6:18, חֹרְשֵׁי רַע Proverbs 12:20; Proverbs 14:22; but also חֹרְשֵׁי טוֹב v Proverbs 14:22.

future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular צִיּוֹן שָׂדֶה תֵּחָרֵשׁ Micah 3:12 Zion, as a field she shall be ploughed = Jeremiah 26:18.

participle (בינוני) מַחֲרִישׁ רָעָה עַל־ I Samuel 23:9 fabricating mischief against (see Driver, and compare Wellhausen).

חָרָשׁ

noun (masc.) ^{Exodus 38:23} graver, artificer (Phoenician חרש)—absolute ח׳ (= חַרָּשׁ) Exodus 35:35 + 14 times; construct חָרַשׁ Exodus 28:11 + 2 times; plural חָֽרָשִׁים Hosea 13:2 + 7 times; חֲרָשִׁים I Chronicles 4:14^(×2) Nehemiah 11:35 (see below); construct חָֽרָשֵׁי II Samuel 5:11 + 6 times;—

graver, artificer:

worker in metal I Samuel 13:19 Hosea 8:6; Hosea 13:2 Deuteronomy 27:15 Jeremiah 10:9 (‖ צֹרֵף), Isaiah 40:19 (‖ the same), Isaiah 54:16 I Chronicles 29:5; ח׳ בַּרְזֶל Isaiah 44:12 II Chronicles 24:12; perhaps also Isaiah 41:7 (+ צֹרֵף); appar. = hammerer Zechariah 2:3 (symbol.).

worker in wood ח׳ עֵץ II Samuel 5:11 = I Chronicles 14:1 (עֵצִים), II Kings 12:12; II Kings 22:6 = II Chronicles 34:11, Jeremiah 10:3 Isaiah 40:20; Isaiah 44:13 (see also I Chronicles 22:15 below); perhaps also Ezra 3:7 II Chronicles 24:12 (both ‖ חצב).

worker in stone ח׳ אֶבֶן קִיר II Samuel 5:11 = I Chronicles 14:1 (om. אבן); also of engraving on gems ח׳ אבן Exodus 28:11 (P; ‖ פִּתּוּחֵי חֹתָם); see also following

in generally ח׳ אֶבֶן וָעֵץ I Chronicles 22:15; idol-maker ח׳ צִירִים Isaiah 45:16, compare Isaiah 44:11 (also v Isaiah 44:12, Isaiah 44:13 above), II Kings 24:14, II Kings 24:16 Jeremiah 24:1; Jeremiah 29:2 (all ‖ מַסְגֵּר), Exodus 35:35; Exodus 38:23 (both P; both ‖ חֹשֵׁב). In גֵּיא חֲרָשִׁים I Chronicles 4:14, גֵּי הַחֲ׳ Nehemiah 11:35 valley of (the) artificers, and חֲרָשִׁים artificers I Chronicles 4:14, ח has—ֲ exceptionally, see Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 183 a Konig^{ii § 60. 5}; read חָֽרָשִׁים?

figuratively ח׳ מַשְׁחִית Ezekiel 21:36 men skilled to destroy.

חָרִישׁ

noun (masc.) ploughing, ploughing-time—absolute ח׳ וְקָצִיר Genesis 45:6 ploughing and harvesting; also (= time of ploughing and harvest) Exodus 34:21; c. with suffix as direct object cogn. חָרַשׁ חֲרִישׁוֹ I Samuel 8:12 (see above חָרַשׁ 2).

חָרֵשׁ

verb

be silent, dumb, speechless;

be deaf; chiefly poet. (Mishnaic Hebrew Pi. make deaf; Aramaic ܚܪܶܫ, ܚܪܰܫ be dumb, deaf; Arabic خَرِسَ be dumb, speechless, compare Assyrian ḫarâšu, restrain, according to Delitzsch^{Pr 100}; see Lagarde^{BN 120})—

future (עתיד) יֶחֱרָ֑שׁ Psalms 50:3; 2nd masculine singular תֶּחֱרַשׁ Psalms 28:1; Psalms 83:2; תֶּחֱרַ֑שׁ Psalms 35:22; Psalms 109:1; תֶּחֱרָ֑שׁ Psalms 39:13; Psalms 39:3 fpl. תֶּחֱרַ֑שְׁנָה Micah 7:16;—

be silent, always of God’s keeping silence when men pray Psalms 35:22; Psalms 50:3; Psalms 83:2; Psalms 109:1; followed by אֶל־ Psalms 39:13.

be deaf, subj. י׳, followed by מִמֶּנִּי Psalms 28:1; subj. אָזְנַיִם Micah 7:16.

past (עבר) חֶחֱרִשׁ Numbers 30:15 Genesis 34:5; וְהֶחֱרִישׁ consec. Numbers 30:5, Numbers 30:8; וְהֶחֱרִשׁ consec. Numbers 30:12; הֶחֱרַ֫שְׁתִּי Esther 7:4 + 2 times etc.; future (עתיד) יַחֲרִישׁ Numbers 30:15 + 2 times (incl. Zephaniah 3:17 see below); 2nd masculine singular תַּחֲרִישׁ Habakkuk 1:13; juss. תַּחְרֵשׁ I Samuel 7:8; 2nd masculine plural תַּחֲרִישׁוּן Job 13:5; תַּחֲרִשׁוּן Exodus 14:14, etc.; imperative (ציווי) הַחֲרֵשׁ Judges 18:19 + 2 times; הַחֲרִ֫ישִׁי II Samuel 13:20; הַחֲרִ֫ישׁוּ Job 13:13 Isaiah 41:1; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַחֲרֵשׁ Numbers 30:15 + 2 times; participle (בינוני) מַחֲרִישׁ Genesis 24:21 + 2 times (incl. I Samuel 10:27 see below); מַחֲרִישִׁים II Samuel 19:11;—

be silent (= exhibit silence)

almost always of men Genesis 24:21; Genesis 34:5 Exodus 14:14 (all J), Judges 18:19 II Samuel 13:20; II Samuel 19:11 II Kings 18:36 = Isaiah 36:21, Jeremiah 4:19 Job 6:24; Job 13:5, Job 13:13, Job 13:19; Job 33:31, Job 33:33 Proverbs 11:12; Proverbs 17:28 Psalms 32:3 Nehemiah 5:8 Esther 4:14^(×2); Esther 7:4; also וַיְהִי כְּמַחֲרִישׁ I Samuel 10:27 (but read rather ויהי כְּמֵחֹדֶשׁ and it came to pass after about a month, Septuagint Driver); יחרישׁ באהבתו Zephaniah 3:17 (Septuagint Peshitta יְחַדֵּשׁ he will renew his love, see especially Buhl^{journal ZAW see 1885, 183}); ח׳ c. לְ person keep silence at one, that is fail to make objection at proper time Numbers 30:5, Numbers 30:8, Numbers 30:12, Numbers 30:15^(×3) (all P); הח׳ אלי Isaiah 41:1 pregn. = come silently unto me; followed by מִן person cease to speak with Jeremiah 38:27; be silent about, pass by in silence, followed by direct object אח׳ בַּדָּיו Job 41:4.

rarely of God, permitting evil in silence Habakkuk 1:13 Isaiah 42:14 Psalms 50:21.

once causat. make silent, with a direct object Job 11:3.

be deaf, shew deafness: אַל־תַּחֲרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ מִזְּעֹק I Samuel 7:8 be not deaf (turning) from us, so as not to cry.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural וַיִּתְחָֽרְשׁוּ Judges 16:2 and they kept quiet.

חֵרֵשׁ

adjective deaf—חֵרֵשׁ (= חִרֵּשׁ) Exodus 4:11 + 4 times; plural חֵרְשִׁים Isaiah 29:18 + 3 times;—deaf, Exodus 4:11 (J; ‖ אִלֵּם), Psalms 38:14 (‖ the same); also Leviticus 19:14, Isaiah 29:18; Isaiah 35:5; Isaiah 42:18, Isaiah 42:19 + v Isaiah 42:19 b (for last עִוֵּר, compare Isaiah 43:8; Gratz^{JQ 1891, Oct. p. 2} see Cheyne^{Comm., JQ Jan. 1892, 332}), Isaiah 43:8; פֶּ֫תֶן ח׳ Psalms 58:5 a deaf adder.

חֶ֫רֶשׁ

n. m. as adverb silently, secretly—מְרַגְּלִים ח׳ Joshua 2:1 exploring secretly.

חֶ֫רֶשׁ²

n.[m.] magic art or perhaps magic drug (Aramaic ܚܰܪܶܫ practice magic, חָרָשׁ, ܚܰܪܳܫܳܐ magician, ܚܶܪܫܳܐ incantation, magic art, preparation of magic potion, so Ethiopic ሐራሲ one using incantations; ሐረስ, ሐርስ, ሐራs incantation, magic; comp. perhaps Arabic خُرْسٌ, خُرْسَةٌ a medicinal broth given to women in childbed; חֶרֶשׁ perhaps magical drug, see Robertson Smith^{JPh. xiv. 1885, 125})—only חֲכַם חֲרָשִׁים Isaiah 3:3 skilled in magic arts, or drugs (‖ נְבוֹן לָ֑חַשׁ), (> others generally = handicraft).

חֶ֫רֶשׁ³

n.pr.m. a Levite I Chronicles 9:15 Septuagint Ραραιηλ, A Αρες, SeptuagintL Αρης.

חַרְשָׁא

n.pr.m. head of a family of returning exiles Ezra 2:52 Septuagint Αρησα, SeptuagintL Βαασα, = Nehemiah 7:53 Septuagint Αδασα.

חֲרָשִׁים

see חָרָשׁ and גַּיְא; also ii. חֶרֶשׁ.

חֶרֶת

n.pr.location, only in יַעַר חָ֑רֶת I Samuel 22:5.

חָשַׂךְ

verb withhold, refrain (Mishnaic Hebrew חָסַךְ, Aramaic חֲסַךְ, ܚܣܰܟ Palmyrene חסך remit, spare, Vog^{Nos. 6, 15}; Sab. משחכן weaned (child) DHM^{ZMG 1875, 608})—

past (עבר) חָשַׂךְ Genesis 39:9 + 4 times (+ Ezekiel 30:18 Barth; see חשׁך; Isaiah 38:17 see below), חָשָׂ֑ךְ Isaiah 14:6, חָֽשְׂכוּ Job 30:10, חָשָׂ֑כוּ Jeremiah 14:10, etc.; future (עתיד) יַחְשׂךְ Job 16:5 + 2 times; 2nd masculine singular תַּחְשׂךְ Isaiah 58:1, תַּחְשׂוֹךְ Proverbs 24:11; 2nd feminine singular תַּחְשׂ֑כִי Isaiah 54:2, etc.; imperative (ציווי) חֲשׂךְ Psalms 19:14; participle (בינוני) חֹשֵׂךְ Proverbs 10:19; Proverbs 11:24; חוֹשֵׂךְ Proverbs 13:24; Proverbs 17:27; followed by—

withhold, keep back, keep for oneself, direct object, Genesis 22:12, v Genesis 22:16; Genesis 39:9 (followed by מִמֶּנִּי; both J); absolute Proverbs 21:26 (opposite נָתַן); withhold the rod (שׁבט) in discipline, Proverbs 13:24; no obj. expr. Proverbs 11:24; Proverbs 24:11.

keep one from evil, calamity, Sheʾôl etc., with a direct object and מִן Genesis 20:6, I Samuel 25:39 Psalms 19:14; ח׳ מִמָּוֶת נַפְשָׁם Psalms 78:50 compare Job 33:18 Isaiah 38:7 (read חָשַׂכְתָּ or חֲשׂךְ for Masoretic Text חָשַׁקְתָּ, see חשׁק); absolute hinder (that is calamities from coming) Isaiah 14:6; ח׳ לְמַטָּה מֵעֲוֹנֵנוּ Ezra 9:13 thou hast kept back, downward (= and kept down), part of our iniquity, that is hast not punished us according to our full desert.

hold in check with a direct object II Samuel 18:16 (or spare see below); obj. רַגְלֵיהֶם Jeremiah 14:10; especially of keeping silence, obj. פִּי Job 7:11 restrain my mouth, שׂפתים Proverbs 10:19, אמרים Proverbs 17:27; מִפָּנַי לֹא ח׳ רֹק Job 30:10 from my face they have not withheld spittle (= they have spit in my face).

refrain (from doing what is mentioned in the context), absolute Isaiah 54:2; Isaiah 58:1.

spare, with a direct object person II Kings 5:20 he hath spared Naaman מִקַּחַת so as not to take (= and hath not taken anything) out of his hand; perhaps also II Samuel 18:16 Joab spared the people (v above).

reserve for, with a direct object + לְ Job 38:23.

(absolute) restrain, check (pain) i. e. assuage, so appar. Masoretic Text Job 16:5 (see Dillmann Kau; I would not restrain condolence of my lips, Septuagint Peshitta Me, reading לא אחשׂך for יחשׂך).—Ezekiel 30:18 see חשׁך.

future (עתיד) לְיוֹם אֵיד יֵחָשֶׂךְ־רָע Job 21:30 at the day of calamity the wicked is spared (passive of Qal 1 e); יֵחָשֵׂךְ Job 16:6 be assuaged, of pain (passive of Qal 2).

חָשַׂף

verb strip off, strip, make bare—

past (עבר) חָשַׂף Isaiah 52:10, חֲשָׂפָהּ Joel 1:7, חָשַׂפְתִּי Jeremiah 13:26; Jeremiah 49:10; future (עתיד) וַיֶּחֱשֹׂף Psalms 29:9; imperative (ציווי) fs. חֶשְׂפִּי־ Isaiah 47:2; infinitive (מקור) absolute חָשׂף Joel 1:7; construct לַחְשֹׂף Isaiah 30:14 Haggai 2:16; participle (בינוני) passive חֲשׂוּפָה Ezekiel 4:7, חֲשׂוּפַי Isaiah 20:4 (plural construct? compare below).—

strip off, expose oneself by removing (obj. שֹׁבֶל, flowing skirt, train) Isaiah 47:2 of Babylon, personified as queen (‖ גַּלִּי שׁוֹק), ח׳ שׁוּלַיִךְ עַל־פָּנַיִךְ Jeremiah 13:26.

strip, lay bare, figuratively of י׳ Isaiah 52:10 obj. זְרוֹעַ קדשׁו; of prophet, Ezekiel 4:7 (but Co del. see as interpol.); obj. person Jeremiah 49:10 (‖ גִּלֵּיתִי); חָשׂף חשׂפהּ Joel 1:7 of locusts stripping fig-tree; חֲשׂוּפַי שֵׁת Isaiah 20:4 (pt. either singular coll., with formative ending ַי, De Lagarde^{Se i, 19 (compare 69), BN 192}; or plural construct, see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 87, 1 c.); ח׳ יְעָרוֹת Psalms 29:9 of voice of י׳ (that is a storm) stripping forests.

draw (water) Isaiah 30:14; (wine) Haggai 2:16; properly take from the surface, skim.

חֲשׂוּפָא

n.pr.m. head of a family of Nethinim among the returning exiles חֲשׂוּפָא Ezra 2:43 = חֲשֻׂפָא Nehemiah 7:45.

חֲשׂוּפַי

Isaiah 20:4 see חשׂף.

חָשַׁב

verb think, account (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic חֲשַׁב, ܚܫܶܒ Arabic حَسَبَ; Ethiopic ሐሰበ: the same; Phoenician n. חשב meaning doubtful see CIS^{i. 86})—

past (עבר) ח׳ Isaiah 33:8 + 9 times; חָשַׁבְתָּה II Samuel 14:13 etc.; future (עתיד) יַחְשֹׁב Isaiah 10:7 + 4 times; יַחֲשָׁב־ II Samuel 19:20 Psalms 40:18; with suffix יַחְשְׁבֵנִי Job 19:11; Job 33:10; plural יַחְשְׁבוּ Psalms 41:8 Daniel 11:25; יַחְשֹׁ֑בוּ Isaiah 13:17; יַחֲשֹׁבוּן Psalms 35:20; נַחְשְׁבָה Jeremiah 18:18, etc. + 9 times future (עתיד); inf. construct לַחְשֹׁב Exodus 31:4 + 3 times; participle (בינוני) חֹשֵׁב Exodus 26:1 + 15 times, חוֹשֵׁב II Chronicles 26:15; חֹשְׁבִים Nehemiah 6:2 + 3 times, חֹשְׁבֵי Micah 2:1 + 3 times;—

of man:

think, account לבבו לא כן יחשׁב Isaiah 10:7 not so thinketh his mind; חשׁבי שׁמוֹ Malachi 3:16 those thinking of his name; followed by 2 direct object חשׁבנהו נגוע Isaiah 53:4 we thought him stricken; elsewhere with a direct object + לְ Genesis 38:15, I Samuel 1:13 Job 19:15; Job 35:2; Job 41:24; so, figuratively, of crocodile Job 41:19 he reckoneth iron as straw.

devise, plan, mean, with a direct object מַחֲשֶׁבֶת רָעָה Ezekiel 38:10, רעה Psalms 35:4; Psalms 140:3 Zechariah 7:10; Zechariah 8:17, תַּהְפֻּכ֑וֹת Proverbs 16:30, מְזִמּוֹת Psalms 10:2; Psalms 21:12, דִּבְרֵי מִרְמוֹת Psalms 35:20, אָוֶן Micah 2:1 Ezekiel 11:2 Psalms 36:5, הַוּוֹת Psalms 52:4; ח׳ רע(ה) על devise evil against Genesis 50:20, Jeremiah 48:2 Nahum 1:11, ח׳ רעה לְ Psalms 41:8, ח׳ מַחֲשֶׁבֶת על Jeremiah 11:19; Jeremiah 18:11, Jeremiah 18:18; Jeremiah 49:30 Daniel 11:25 Esther 8:3; Esther 9:25, ח׳ כזאת על II Samuel 14:13; c. inf. I Samuel 18:25 Jeremiah 18:8; Jeremiah 23:27 Job 6:26 Nehemiah 6:2, Nehemiah 6:6 Esther 9:24 Psalms 140:5; c. לבלתי + future (עתיד) II Samuel 14:14 (reading חוֹשֵׁב for וְחָשַׁב and taking man as subj. Wellhausen Driver; in this case לבלתי carries on לֹא יִשָּׂא).

count, reckon ח׳ עון ל׳, II Samuel 19:20 Psalms 32:2 reckon iniquity to.

esteem, value, regard, silver Isaiah 13:17, a man Isaiah 33:8, the servant of י׳ Isaiah 53:3.

invent ingenious and artistic things, ח׳ להם כלי שׁיר Amos 6:5 invent for themselves instruments of music; ח׳ (כל) מחשׁבת invent cunning work (of artistic devices in construct of tabern.) Exodus 31:4; Exodus 35:32, Exodus 35:35 (all P), so II Chronicles 2:13; מַעֲשֵׂה חֹשֵׁב work of the cunning (ingenious, inventive) workman (of artistic devices in weaving; see especially VB and Dillmann) Exodus 26:1, Exodus 26:31; Exodus 28:6, Exodus 28:15; Exodus 36:8, Exodus 36:35; Exodus 39:3, Exodus 39:8 (all P); מַחֲשֶׁבֶת חוֹשֵׁב II Chronicles 26:15 inventions of inventive men (of engines of war); חָרָשׁ וְחשֵׁב craftsman and inventive workman (in construct of tabern., vid. above) Exodus 35:35; Exodus 38:23.

of God:

think, with a direct object person + לְ indirect obj. account one לאויב, for an enemy Job 13:24; Job 33:10; ח׳ לוֹ כצריו Job 19:11 he accounted me unto him as his adversaries.

devise, plan, mean, with a direct object + ל indirect obj. לטבה for good Genesis 50:20; c. ל person לִי devise for me Psalms 40:18; direct object rei + עַל, devise something against a person Micah 2:3 Jeremiah 18:11; towards one Jeremiah 29:11, c. אל against Jeremiah 49:20; Jeremiah 50:45; followed by inf. Jeremiah 26:3; Jeremiah 36:3 Lamentations 2:8.

count, reckon with a direct object rei + ל person, the habit of believing in י׳ he reckoned to Abram as righteousness Genesis 15:6 (JE; compare Niph. 3); not reckon iniquity to one Psalms 32:2.

past (עבר) נֶחְשַׁב Numbers 18:27, Numbers 18:30, נֶחְשַׁבְתִּי Psalms 88:5 etc. + 10 times past (עבר); future (עתיד) יֵחָשֵׁב Leviticus 7:18 + 7 times, etc., + 6 times future (עתיד); participle (בינוני) נֶחְשָׁב Isaiah 2:22 I Kings 10:21 II Chronicles 9:20:—

be accounted, thought, esteemed, c. כְּ as Hosea 8:12 Isaiah 5:28; Isaiah 29:16; Isaiah 40:15 Psalms 44:23 Job 18:3; Job 41:21; c. לְ Isaiah 29:17 = Isaiah 32:15, Lamentations 4:2; עִם with, among Psalms 88:5, בַּמֶּה Isaiah 2:22 at what (value)? (see probably interpol.; om. Septuagint); with a direct object Deuteronomy 2:11, Deuteronomy 2:20 Proverbs 17:28 Nehemiah 13:13; נָכְרִיּוֹת נֶחְשַׁבְנוּ לוֹ Genesis 31:15 (E; Septuagint Sam כְּנֶח׳) Isaiah 40:17.

be computed, reckoned, c. לְ Joshua 13:3, עַל Leviticus 25:31, II Samuel 4:2: absolute כסף was not counted (so plentiful was it) I Kings 10:21 = II Chronicles 9:20 II Kings 22:7.

be imputed to any one, c. לְ Leviticus 7:18 Numbers 18:27, Numbers 18:30 (all P), Leviticus 17:4 Proverbs 27:14; the interposition of Phinehas נח׳ לוֹ לצדקה Psalms 106:31 was imputed to him for righteousness (compare Qal II 3).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular חִשַּׁב Leviticus 25:27 + 4 times; f. חִשְּׁבָה Jonah 1:4; 1st singular חִשַּׁבְתִּי Psalms 77:6; Psalms 119:59; future (עתיד) יְחַשֵּׁב Proverbs 16:9 Daniel 11:24, תְּחַשְּׁבוּן Nahum 1:9, etc., + 4 times future (עתיד); participle (בינוני) מְחַשֵּׁב Proverbs 24:8:—

think upon, consider, be mindful of, with a direct object Psalms 77:6; Psalms 119:59, (מה) בֶּן־אֱנוֹשׁ וַתְּחַשְּׁבֵהוּ (מה) Psalms 144:3 what (is) man’s son, and thou thinkest upon him (‖ תֵּדָעֵהוּ).

think to do, devise, plan. with a direct object Proverbs 16:9, אֶל of persons against whom Hosea 7:15 Nahum 1:9, עַל Daniel 11:24; c. inf. Psalms 73:16 Proverbs 24:8; so of inanim. object הָאֳנִיָּה חִשְּׁבָה לְהִשָּׁבֵר Jonah 1:4 the ship was about to (minded to) be broken up.

count, reckon, the years since a sale of land Leviticus 25:27; c. לְ person Leviticus 25:52, Leviticus 27:18, Leviticus 27:23; c. עִם Leviticus 25:50; c. אֶת II Kings 12:16.

future (עתיד) בַּגּוֹיִם לֹא יִתְחַשָּׁ֑ב Numbers 23:9 among the nations it shall not reckon itself.

חֵ֫שֶׁב

noun (masc.) ingenious work, name of the girdle or band of the ephod (cunningly woven band, RV), only P; always in combin., ח׳ האפ(ו)ד Exodus 28:27, Exodus 28:28; Exodus 29:5; Exodus 39:20, Exodus 39:21 Leviticus 8:7; ח׳ אֲפֻדָּתוֹ Exodus 28:8; Exodus 39:5.

חַשּׁוּב

n.pr.m. (considerate)—

a Levite chief I Chronicles 9:14 Nehemiah 11:15, Septuagint Ασουβ.

builders at the wall:

Nehemiah 3:11; Nehemiah 10:24, Septuagint Ασουβ, Ασουθ.

Nehemiah 3:23, Septuagint Ασουβ.

חֶשְׁבּוֹן

noun (masc.) reckoning, account (Mishnaic Hebrew Aramaic the same) Ecclesiastes 9:10, בקּשׁ ח׳ Ecclesiastes 7:25, מצא ח׳ Ecclesiastes 7:27.

חֶשְׁבּוֹן²

n.pr.location of the city of Sihon king of the Amorites Numbers 21:26, Numbers 21:27, Numbers 21:28, Numbers 21:30, Numbers 21:34; Numbers 32:3 (all E); Deuteronomy 1:4; Deuteronomy 2:24, Deuteronomy 2:26, Deuteronomy 2:30; Deuteronomy 3:2, Deuteronomy 3:6; Deuteronomy 4:46; Deuteronomy 29:6 Joshua 9:10; Joshua 12:2, Joshua 12:5; Joshua 13:10, Joshua 13:21, Joshua 13:27 (all D) Judges 11:19 Jeremiah 48:45 Nehemiah 9:22; captured by Israel who dwelt in it Numbers 21:25 Judges 11:26; rebuilt by Reuben Numbers 32:37, given to Reuben at the division of the land Joshua 13:17; on the border of Gad, Joshua 13:26, it subsequently fell to Gad and was assigned to Levites out of that tribe Joshua 21:39 I Chronicles 6:66; the Moabites gained possession of it Isaiah 15:4; Isaiah 16:8, Isaiah 16:9 and subsequently the Ammonites Jeremiah 48:2, Jeremiah 48:34, Jeremiah 48:45; Jeremiah 49:3; it was celebrated for its ponds Song of Songs 7:5.—Mod. Ḥusbân, Seetzen^{Reisen i. 407} Rob^{BR i. 551} Bd^{Pal 191} Survey^{EP 8}.

חֲשַׁבְיָ֫הוּ

n.pr.m. (Yah(u) has taken account)—

חֲשַׁבְיָהוּ a temple musician I Chronicles 25:3 = חֲשַׁבְיָה v I Chronicles 25:19; Septuagint in both Ασαβια.

חֲשַׁבְיָה a Levite, David’s time I Chronicles 27:17; perhaps = חֲשַׁבְיָהוּ, officer of David in Hebron I Chronicles 26:30; in both Septuagint Ασαβιας.

חֲשַׁבְיָהוּ a Levite, Josiah’s time II Chronicles 35:9; Septuagint Ασαβια. Elsewhere חשׁביה:

Levite in line of Merari I Chronicles 6:30 Septuagint Ασεβ(ε)ι, Ασαβια.

Levite I Chronicles 9:14, Septuagint Ασαβια = Nehemiah 11:15, A SeptuagintL Ασαβιου[ας].

Levite, Ezra’s time Ezra 8:19, Ezra 8:24 Nehemiah 10:12; Nehemiah 11:22; Nehemiah 12:24 (Septuagint Ασαβιας etc.) = חֲשַׁבְנְיָה 2, q.see

head of a family of priests Nehemiah 12:21, Septuagint Ασαβιας

a builder at the wall Nehemiah 3:17, Septuagint Ασαβια(ς).

חֲשַׁבְנָה

n.pr.m. (this and following perhaps textual error for חשׁביה(ו); yet Septuagint Εσαβανα, SeptuagintL Ασβανα)—a chief of the people, Nehemiah’s time Nehemiah 10:26. Vid. also following.

חֲשַׁבְנְיָה

n.pr.m. (see foregoing);—

father of a builder at the wall Nehemiah 3:10, Septuagint Ασβαναμ; SeptuagintL Σαβανιου[-ας].

a Levite Nehemiah 9:5 (om. Septuagint) = חֲשַׁבְיָה 6.

חֻשִׁים²

see above p. 302 and

חָשַׁךְ

verb be, grow dark (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic חֲשַׁךְ, ܚܫܶܟ; Arabic حَسِكَ bear rancour, see Lagarde^{BN 30})—

past (עבר) ח׳ Isaiah 5:30 + 4 times; וְחָֽשְׁכָה consec. Micah 3:6 (but see below); חָֽשְׁכוּ Lamentations 5:17; וְחָֽשְׁכוּ consec. Ecclesiastes 12:3; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תֶּחְשַׁךְ Ecclesiastes 12:2; וַתֶּחְשַׁךְ Exodus 10:15; 3rd masculine plural יֶחְשְׁכוּ Job 3:9; Job 3:3 fpl. תֶּחְשַׁכְנָה Psalms 69:24;—

be, grow dark, אוֹר Isaiah 5:30, compare (figuratively) Job 18:6; הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Isaiah 13:16 (figuratively); היום Ezekiel 30:18 (where read חשׁך, for Masoretic Text Baer חשׂך); Job 3:9 (subj. כוכבים), compare Ecclesiastes 12:2 (subj. השׁמשׁ, האור, הירח, הכוכבים); impers. Micah 3:6 (si vera l.; but read probably וַחֲשֵׁכָה, corresponding with לַיְלָה preceding).

have a dark colour: ח׳ מִשְּׁחוֹר תָּֽאֳרָם Lamentations 4:8 darker than blackness is their visage; of the earth הָאָרֶץ Exodus 10:15.

grow dim Lamentations 5:17 (subj. עינינו), compare Psalms 69:24 (figuratively), Ecclesiastes 12:3 subj. הָרֹאוֹת that is the eyes

past (עבר) הֶחְשִׁיךְ Amos 5:8, וְהַחֲשַׁכְתִּ֫י Amos 8:9; future (עתיד) יַחֲשִׁיךְ Psalms 139:12; יַחְשִׁךְ Jeremiah 13:16; וַיַּחְשִׁךְ Psalms 105:28; participle (בינוני) מַחְשִׁיךְ Job 38:2;—

make dark, יום לילה הח׳ Amos 5:8; absolute cause darkness Jeremiah 13:16 Psalms 105:28, compare Amos 8:9 (לארץ).

= hide, conceal, followed by מִמֶּךָּ Psalms 139:12.

figuratively obscure, confuse Job 38:2 (obj. עֵצָה).

חֹ֫שֶׁךְ

noun (masc.) ^{Exodus 10:21} darkness, obscurity;—absolute חֹשֶׁךְ Genesis 1:2 + 75 times (+ Exodus 8:12 del. Co A B etc.); construct the same Exodus 10:22; with suffix חָשְׁכִּי Psalms 18:29 = II Samuel 22:29;—

darkness (opposite אוֹר) literally Genesis 1:2, Genesis 1:4, Isaiah 45:7 Job 26:10 Ecclesiastes 2:13, compare in imprecation Job 3:4, Job 3:5 (ח׳ וצלמות = לילה Genesis 1:5, Genesis 1:18, compare Joshua 2:5, Isaiah 45:19 Job 17:12; Job 24:16; Job 38:19 Psalms 104:20; darkness in mines Job 28:3; of extraordinary darkness, in Egypt Exodus 10:21^(×2); ח׳־אֲפֵלָה Exodus 10:22, Psalms 105:28, from pillar of cloud Exodus 14:20; at Mt. Sinai Deuteronomy 4:11; Deuteronomy 5:17; of clouds of theophany II Samuel 22:12 = Psalms 18:12; of darkness in death, or Sheʾôl, I Samuel 2:9 Job 10:21 (אֶרֶץ ח׳ וצלמות), Job 17:13; Job 18:18 Psalms 88:13 Proverbs 20:20 (אִישׁוֹן ח׳ = extreme of darkness).

= secret place(s) Id Isaiah 45:3 Job 12:22 (‖ צלמות); = hiding-place Job 34:22 (‖ the same), compare Psalms 139:11, Psalms 139:12;—on Ezekiel 8:12, see above

figuratively,

= distress Isaiah 5:30; Isaiah 9:1; Isaiah 29:18 (figuratively of blindness), Isaiah 42:7; Isaiah 49:9; Isaiah 58:10; Isaiah 59:9; Isaiah 60:2 Lamentations 3:2 Micah 7:8 Psalms 18:29 = II Samuel 22:29, Job 15:22, Job 15:23, Job 15:30; Job 20:26; Job 22:11; Job 23:17; Job 29:3 Psalms 107:10, Psalms 107:14 (in both ‖ צלמות), Psalms 112:4 Ecclesiastes 5:16; Ecclesiastes 11:8.

= dread, terror, symbol. of judgment Amos 5:18, Amos 5:20 Zephaniah 1:15 Nahum 1:8 Ezekiel 32:8 Joel 2:4; Joel 3:4.

= mourning Isaiah 47:5.

= perplexity Job 5:14; Job 12:25; Job 19:8; confusion Psalms 35:6.

= ignorance Job 37:19 Ecclesiastes 2:14.

= evil, sin Isaiah 5:20^(×2) Proverbs 2:13.

= obscurity Ecclesiastes 6:4^(×2).

חֲשֵׁכָה

noun (fem.) darkness (chiefly poet.)—ח׳ Genesis 15:12 + 2 times, so read also probably Micah 3:6 (for Masoretic Text חָֽשְׁכָה); חֲשֵׁיכָה Psalms 139:12; construct חֶשְׁכַּת Psalms 18:12; plural חֲשֵׁכִים Isaiah 50:10;—darkness, opposite light (אוֹרָה) Psalms 139:12; supernat., ח׳ גדולה Genesis 15:12; חֶשְׁכַּת־מַיִם Psalms 18:12 in theoph. (but ‖ II Samuel 22:12 חַשְׁרַת־מים a mass of water); figuratively = lack of understanding Psalms 82:5; = distress Isaiah 8:22 (‖ צָרָה), Isaiah 50:10.

חָשֻׁם

n.pr.m. head of a family of returned exiles Ezra 2:19 = Nehemiah 7:21, Ezra 10:33 compare Nehemiah 8:4; Nehemiah 10:19.

חַשְׁמַל

n.[m.] etym. and exact meaning doubtful; evidently some shining substance; AV amber; supposed by Gesenius' Thesaurus (q.see) and most to be a brilliant amalgam of gold and silver, Septuagint ἤλεκτρον (v Liddell & Scott s. see 2), Vulgate electrum; see also Delitzsch in Baer^{Ezech. xii}; only in the combination כְּעֵין ח׳ like the appearance of ח׳ Ezekiel 1:4, Ezekiel 1:27; כְּעֵין הַחַשְׁמַ֑לָה Ezekiel 8:2 (on ending ה—ָ see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 90 f; Co del.).

חֹ֫שֶׁן

noun (masc.) the breast-piece or sacred pouch, containing the אורים ותמים, worn on the breast of the high priest when he ministered in the Holy Place to bring the tribes for memorial before. י׳. It was made of the same material as the ephod (see אֵפוֹד), a span square; set in front with twelve jewels in four rows, engraved with the names of the twelve tribes. It was firmly fastened to the shoulders of the ephod by gold chains passing through gold rings, and to the lower part of the ephod just above the girdle by a blue ribbon passing through other gold rings. It was חשֶׁן (ה)מִשְׁפָּט (Exodus 28:15, Exodus 28:29, Exodus 28:30) pouch of judgment, because of the decision given by the אוּרִים וְתֻמִּים. The name occurs only in P, Exodus 25:7; Exodus 28:4, Exodus 28:15, Exodus 28:22, Exodus 28:23^(×2), Exodus 28:24, Exodus 28:26, Exodus 28:28^(×2), Exodus 28:29, Exodus 28:30; Exodus 29:5; Exodus 35:9, Exodus 35:27; Exodus 39:8, Exodus 39:9, Exodus 39:15, Exodus 39:16, Exodus 39:17, Exodus 39:19, Exodus 39:21^(×2) Leviticus 8:8^(×2).—Vid. Nowack^{Arch. ii. 119.}

חָשַׁק

verb be attached to, love (Mishnaic Hebrew press together, desire (rare); Aramaic חֲשַׁק bind, saddle (an ass))—

past (עבר) ח׳ Deuteronomy 7:7 + 4 times; חָֽשְׁקָה Genesis 34:8; חָשַׁקְתָּ Isaiah 38:17 (but see below); וְחָֽשַׁקְתָּ֫ Deuteronomy 21:11;—be attached to, only figuratively = love, a woman followed by בְּ Genesis 34:8 Deuteronomy 21:11; elsewhere of י׳’s love for Israel Deuteronomy 7:7; Deuteronomy 10:15, and of love to י׳ Psalms 91:14; followed by direct object cogn. + לְ and inf. כל־חֵשֶׁק שְׁלֹמה אשׁר ח׳ לִבְנוֹת I Kings 9:19 = II Chronicles 8:6; חָשַׁקְתָּ נַפְשִׁי מִשַּׁחַת Isaiah 38:17 literally thou hast loved my soul out of the pit, that is lovingly delivered it; but read חָשַׂכְתָּ thou hast held back, kept, from Septuagint Vulgate Lo Ewald Cheyne Dillmann, or חֲשׂךְ hold back (imperative (ציווי)), so Duhm.

חֵ֫שֶׁק

noun (masc.) desire = thing desired—construct חֵשֶׁק שְׁלֹמֹה I Kings 9:19 = II Chronicles 8:6, I Kings 9:1; with suffix נֶשֶׁף חִשְׁקִי Isaiah 21:4 the twilight of my pleasure.

חֲשַׁשׁ

noun (masc.) Isaiah 5:24 chaff;—absolute תַּהֲרוּ ח׳ תִלְדוּ קַשׁ Isaiah 33:11 ye conceive chaff, ye bring forth stubble (figuratively of vain attempt of Assyrian); construct ח׳ לֶהָבָה יִרְפֶּח Isaiah 5:24 (‖ קַשׁ) as flaming chaff sinketh down (sim. of perishing of heedless Judahites).

חַת

חֵת

n.pr.m. appar. represented as ancestor of the Hittites (etym. and meaning unknown; pronounced as from √ ע״ע in Hebrew & Assyrian, but not Egyptian; see חִתִּי below)—‘begotten’ by Canaan Genesis 10:15 = I Chronicles 1:13; elsewhere only in combin. with בְּנֵי, בְּנוֹת;

בְּנֵי־חֵת according to P lived at Mamre (Hebron), and one of them sold Abraham the cave of Machpelah for a sepulchre Genesis 23:3, Genesis 23:5, Genesis 23:10^(×2), Genesis 23:16, Genesis 23:18, Genesis 23:20; Genesis 25:10; Genesis 49:32.

בְּנוֹת(־)חֵת only of wives of Esau Genesis 27:46^(×2) (P; Septuagint om. v b; ‖ בְּנוֹת הָאָרֶץ = בְּנוֹת כְּנָ֑עַן Genesis 28:1).

חִתִּי

adjective et n.gent. Hittite(s) (Egyptian Ḫ-tá, Ḫetá. W Max Müll^{Asien u. Europa, 319 ff.}; Assyrian Ḫatti, Schr^{KG 192 ff.} COT on Genesis 10:19 Delitzsch^Pa, ^{269 ff.}; Tel-el-Amarna Ḫatti, Ḫatta Bez^{Tel el Amarn. Brit. Mus. 150})—m. always c. art. הַחִתִּי Genesis 23:10 Exodus 3:8 +; f. חִתִּית Ezekiel 16:3, Ezekiel 16:45; mpl. הַחִתִּים Joshua 1:4 + 3 times; fpl. חִתִּיֹּת I Kings 11:1;—

adjective, of seller of Machpelah to Abr., עֶפְרוֹן הַחִתִּי Genesis 23:10; Genesis 49:29, Genesis 49:30; Genesis 50:13; עֶפְרֹן בֶּן־צֹחַר הַח׳ Genesis 25:9 (all P); of fathers of Esau’s wives בְּאֵרִי הַח׳ Genesis 26:34; אֵילוֹן הַח׳ v Genesis 26:34; Genesis 36:2 (all P); also of warriors of David, אֲחִימֶלֶךְ הַח׳ I Samuel 26:6, and especially אוּרִיָּה הַח׳ II Samuel 11:3, II Samuel 11:6, II Samuel 11:17, II Samuel 11:21, II Samuel 11:24; II Samuel 12:9, II Samuel 12:10; II Samuel 23:39 I Kings 15:5 I Chronicles 11:41; fs. = noun, only of (religious) ancestry of Jerus. Ezekiel 16:3 thy father was the Amorite, and thy mother was a Hittite woman חִתִּית, similarly v Ezekiel 16:45; fpl.; = noun of Sol.’s foreign wives, חִתִּיֹּת I Kings 11:1 Hittite women (+ מוֹאֲבִיּוֹת, עַמּוֹנִיּוֹת, אֲדֹמִיִּת, צֵדְנִיֹּת).

n. usually

coll. הַחִתִּי the Hittites: in lists of Canaanitish peoples Genesis 15:20, Exodus 3:8, Exodus 3:17 (both J), Exodus 13:5, Exodus 23:23, Exodus 23:28; Exodus 33:2; Exodus 34:11 Numbers 13:29 Joshua 3:10 (all JE), Deuteronomy 7:1; Deuteronomy 20:17 Joshua 9:1; Joshua 12:8; Joshua 24:11 (all D); read also for הַחִוִּי Judges 3:3 (so Wellhausen Mey Budde^{Urg. 350}); in Joshua 11:3 del. הַחִתִּי Wellhausen Mey Budde^l.c., and read then הַחִתִּי for הַחִוִּי v b (so Septuagint, not SeptuagintL); further I Kings 9:20 = II Chronicles 8:7, Ezra 9:1 Nehemiah 9:8.

plural הַחִתִּים: כֹּל אֶרֶץ הַחִתִּים Joshua 1:4 nearly = land of Canaanites; ארץ הַח׳ specif. of northern home of Hittites Judges 1:26; so also II Samuel 24:6 where read אֶרֶץ הַחִתִּים קֵ֫דְשָׁה (for Masoretic Text תחתים חָדְשִׁי, see חָדְשִׁי, קֵדֶשׁ); מַלְכֵי הַחִתִּים I Kings 10:29 = II Chronicles 1:17 (both + מַלְכֵי אֲרָם), II Kings 7:6 (+ מַלְכֵי מִצְרַיִם, both feared by אֲרָם). Hence it appears that הַחִתִּי(ם) had their proper seat in the north—where also they were encountered by Assyrians from time of TP I (see Schr Delitzsch^l.c.), and by Egyptians from time of Tutmes III (see W Max Müll^l.c.).—(compare also Judges 3:3 Joshua 11:3 above), but that individual Hittites were known in Isr. (compare, besides I Samuel 2:6 II Samuel 11:3 etc., I Kings 9:20 above); that the Hittites were regarded (by JED) as one of the peoples of Canaan, and that the name even came to be used in more generally sense for Canaanites. Only in P do they appear as having a definite settlement in the south, and are designated by בְּנֵי־חֵת (see חֵת), as well as by the adjective הַחתִּי.

חָתָה

verb snatch up, usually fire, coals (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Targum חֲתָא the same (rare); Assyrian ḫatû is destroy (that is snatch away?) see SASmith^{Asrb. i. 90})—

future (עתיד) יַחְתֶּה Proverbs 6:27; with suffix יַחְתְּךָ Psalms 52:7; infinitive (מקור) construct לַחְתּוֹת Isaiah 30:14; participle (בינוני) חֹתֶה Proverbs 25:22;—snatch up, with a direct object אֵשׁ מִיָּקוּד Isaiah 30:14 to snatch up fire from a hearth (‖ לַחְשֹׂף מים מִגֶּבֶא); אֵשׁ בְּחֵיקוֹ Proverbs 6:27 shall a man snatch up fire in his bosom and his garments not be burned? (in sim. of adulterer); pregn. seize (and put) upon גֶּחָלִים אַתָּה ח׳ על־רֹאשׁוֹ Proverbs 25:22; יַחְתְּךָ וְיִסָּֽחֲךָ מֵאֹ֑הֶל Psalms 52:7 God … shall snatch thee away, and pluck thee up tent-less.

חִתָּה

see sub חתת.

חִתּוּל

n.[m.] bandage—ח׳ Ezekiel 30:21, for broken arm (in figuratively of Pharaoh’s broken arm).

חֶתְלֹן

n.pr.location, on the extreme northern boundary of Isr. territory (in Ezek.’s conception), only דֶּרֶךְ(־)ח׳ Ezekiel 47:15; Ezekiel 48:1; mod. Ḥeitela nearly two hours from sea-coast, according to Furrer^{ZPV viii, 27}.

חָתַם

verb seal, affix seal, seal up (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic חֲתַם, ܚܬܰܡ; Ethiopic ኀተመ Arabic خَتَمَ (whence خَاتَمٌ) is loan-word according to Frä²⁵²)—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַחְתֹּם Job 9:7; Job 33:6, יַחְתּוֹם Job 37:7, וַיַּחְתֹּם Esther 8:10, etc.; imperative (ציווי) חֲתֹם Daniel 12:4, חֲתוֹם Isaiah 8:16, חִתְמוּ Esther 8:8; infinitive (מקור) absolute חָתוֹם Jeremiah 32:44; construct לַחְתֹּם Daniel 9:24, + v Daniel 9:24 Kt (Qr לְהָתֵם); participle (בינוני) active חוֹתֵם Ezekiel 28:12; passive חָתוּם Deuteronomy 32:34 + 2 times, etc.;—

seal, affix one’s seal, in attestation; seal with king’s seal (בְּחֹתָמוֹ) I Kings 21:8, בְּטַבַּעַת המלך Esther 8:8, Esther 8:10; of covenant with י׳, attested by seal (passive) Nehemiah 10:1, Nehemiah 10:2; figuratively, of י׳ putting his seal upon (בְּ) discipline, that is ratifying it, Job 33:16; perhaps also upon hand of man (that man may know י׳’s ways) Job 37:7 see De; Dillmann sub 2. seal up hand of man, so that he cannot work with it (in winter).

seal up, fasten up by sealing, a deed of sale Jeremiah 32:10, Jeremiah 32:11 (opposite הַגָּלוּי that which was left open), v Jeremiah 32:14, Jeremiah 32:44, a book of prophecy Daniel 12:4 (‖ סְתֹם הַדְּבָרים), compare v Daniel 12:9 (‖ the same), Daniel 9:24; so in sim. of unintelligible prophecy Isaiah 29:11^(×2); חֲתֹם תּוֹרָה בְּלִמֻּדָ֑י Isaiah 8:16 seal up the teaching among my disciples, that is keep it securely (‖ צוֹר); of י׳’s remembrance of offences חָתוּם בְּאוֹצְרֹתָ֑י Deuteronomy 32:34 (‖ כָּמֻס עִמָּדִי), so חָתוּם בִּצְרוֹר פִּשְׁעִי Job 14:17 (‖ וַתִּטְפֹּל עַל־עֲוֹנִי); מַעְיָן חָתוּם Song of Songs 4:12 a fountain sealed up, metaphorically of chaste woman (‖ נָעוּל (גַּל) גַּן); וּבְעַד כּוֹכָבִים יַח׳ Job 9:7 and about the stars he putteth a seal (‖ of forbidding sun to rise).—אַתָּה חוֹתֵם תָּכְנִית Ezekiel 28:12 is obscure: thou wast one sealing proportion, that is perfection,—wast complete perfection, Gesenius Smend.; wast a sealer of symmetry see Davidson; wast a seal (ring)—that is חוֹתַם construct—of proportion Codd. Septuagint Vulgate Hitzig compare Ewald; text perhaps corrupt, see suggestions in Co.—Daniel 9:24 read Qr לְהָתֵם (see תמם). Job 33:16; Job 37:7 see sub 1.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular [or participle (בינוני)?] נִכְתָּ֔ב וְנֶחְתָּ֖ם Esther 3:12 (it was) written and sealed בְּטַבַּעַת הַמֶּלֶךְ; infinitive (מקור) absolute וְנַחְתּוֹם Esther 8:8 (continuing pt. נִכְתָּ֣ב) also + בְּטַבַּעַת הַמּ׳; both passive of Qal 1. Pi. past (עבר) 3rd plural יוֹמָם הִתְּמוּ־לָמוֹ Job 24:16 literally by day they seal up for themselves, that is according to most, they shut themselves up, do not shew themselves (‖ לֹא יָדְעוּ אוֹר); SeptuagintC has ἡμέρας ἐσφράγισαν ἐαυτοῖς (B al. ἑαυτους), whence Siegf conjunction plausibly יָמִים ח׳ ל׳ they seal up the days unto themselves, that is daytime is for them sealed up and unused.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular אוֹ־הֶחְתִּים בְּשָׂרוֹ מִזּוֹבוֹ Leviticus 15:3 or hath his flesh (genital organ) shewn stoppage by reason of his flux.

חֹתָם

noun (masc.) ^{Job 41:7} seal, signet-ring (Aramaic ܚܳܬܡܳܐ; Ethiopic ማኅተም —see Lagarde^{BN 116})—absolute חֹתָם Exodus 28:11 + 2 times; חוֹתָם Jeremiah 22:24 + 8 times; with suffix חֹתָֽמְךָ Genesis 38:18, חֹתָמוֹ I Kings 21:8;—on supposed construct חוֹתַם see foregoing;—seal, signet-ring, hung by a cord (פָּתִיל) about the neck Genesis 38:18 (J; = חֹתֶמֶת v Genesis 38:25), or (later?) worn on (finger of) right hand Jeremiah 22:24, (Benz^Archäol. ¹⁰⁶); the two customsappar. combined Song of Songs 8:6 (עַל־לִבֶּ֗ךָ, עַל־זְרוֹעֶךָ); used to attest a royal missive I Kings 21:8 (instr. of verb חתם); a precious article Haggai 2:23 (sim. of Zerubbabel); פִּתּוּחֵי ח׳ engravings of a seal, as model for cutting names and inscr. on precious stones and gold plate Exodus 28:11, Exodus 28:21, Exodus 28:26; Exodus 39:6, Exodus 39:14, Exodus 39:30 (all P; see Benz^{258 ff.}); חֹמֶר ח׳ Job 38:14 = clay of (under) a signet; ח׳ צָ֑ר Job 41:7 a close signet, that is one that is closely pressed down, sim. of closely joined (סָגוּר) scales of crocodile.

חוֹתָם²

n.pr.m.

man of Asher I Chronicles 7:32 Septuagint Χωθαν(μ) (= הֶלֶם v I Chronicles 7:35; A Ελαμ, SeptuagintL Ιασουλ).

father of two of David’s heroes I Chronicles 11:44, Septuagint Κωθαν, SeptuagintL Χωθαν.

חֹתֵן

n.verb.

m. wife’s father (Arabic خَاتِنٌ a circumciser, hence father-in-law, with ref. to circumcision performed on young men just before marriage; خَتَنٌ relation on wife’s side; see Wellhausen^{Prol. 1886, 355 Anm. 1; Skizzen iii, 154} Stade^{journal ZAW 1886, 143 Anm.} Noldeke^{ZMG 1886, 187}; otherwise Delitzsch^{Pr 91} Lagarde^{BN 116})—construct חֹתֵן Exodus 18:1 + 9 times, חֹתֶנְךָ Exodus 18:6, חֹתְנוֹ Exodus 3:1 + 9 times;—usually of Moses’ wife’s father Exodus 3:1; Exodus 4:18; Exodus 18:1, Exodus 18:2, Exodus 18:5, Exodus 18:6, Exodus 18:7, Exodus 18:8, Exodus 18:12^(×2), Exodus 18:14, Exodus 18:15, Exodus 18:17, Exodus 18:24, Exodus 18:27 (all E), Numbers 10:29, Judges 1:16; Judges 4:11; of a Levite Judges 19:4, Judges 19:7, Judges 19:9.

f. wife’s mother, only with suffix חֹתַנְתּוֹ Deuteronomy 27:23.

חָתָן

noun (masc.) daughter’s husband, bridegroom (as one who undergoes circumcision, see above; Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic חַתְנָא, and ܚܰܬܢܳܐ (also sister’s husband, etc.); vulg.Ar. خَتَنٌ daughter’s husband, then more generally wife’s and husband’s relations; Sab. (Liḥyân) חֿתן daughter’s husband DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 87}; Assyrian ḫatanu, daughter’s husband COT^Gloss.)—absolute ח׳ I Samuel 18:18 + 10 times + Genesis 19:12 (where read חֲתָנֶיךָ Septuagint Olshausen Dillmann); construct חֲתַן Exodus 4:25 + 4 times; with suffix חֲתָנוֹ Judges 19:5; חֲתָנָיו Genesis 19:14^(×2);—

in relation to a father, daughter’s husband, or bridegroom Genesis 19:12, Genesis 19:14 (ח׳ לֹקְחֵי בְּנֹתָיו), v Genesis 19:14 (all J), Judges 15:6; Judges 19:5 I Samuel 18:18; I Samuel 22:14 Nehemiah 6:18; Nehemiah 13:28; see also חֲתַן בֵּית אַחְאָב II Kings 8:27 son-in-law of the house of Ahab, said of Ahaziah, whose mother Athaliah was the daughter of Ahab.

in relation to the bride, bridegroom ח׳ דָּמִים אַתָּה לִי Exodus 4:25 a bloody bridegroom art thou to me, compare v Exodus 4:26 (J; on this see Wellhausen^{Prol. 1886, 355}); ‖ כַּלָּה Jeremiah 7:34; Jeremiah 16:9; Jeremiah 25:10; Jeremiah 33:11 Joel 2:16; in sim. of י׳’s work for and delight in his people Isaiah 61:10; Isaiah 62:5; of sun Psalms 19:6.

חָתַר

verb dig, row (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, bore (through), so Aramaic חֲתַר Targum (rare))—

past (עבר) ח׳ Job 24:16, חָתַרְתִּי Ezekiel 12:7; future (עתיד) וָאֶחְתֹּר Ezekiel 8:8 יַחְתְּרוּ Ezekiel 12:12 Amos 9:2, וַיַּחְתְּרוּ Jonah 1:13; imperative (ציווי) חֲתָר־ Ezekiel 8:8; Ezekiel 12:5;—

dig into houses, with a direct object בָּתִּים Job 24:16 (of burglary); followed by בְּ into or through a wall Ezekiel 8:8^(×2) (Co del. on intern. grounds), Ezekiel 12:5, Ezekiel 12:7, Ezekiel 12:12; metaphorically followed by בשׁאול Amos 9:2 dig into Sh^eʾôl, that is as a refuge.

row (as digging into the water) Jonah 1:13.

חָתַת

verb be shattered, dismayed (Assyrian ḫattu, terror, Delitzsch^{HWB 296}; Talm. חִתִּית the same; Ethiopic ሐተተ is scrutari, examinare, see Dillmann^{Lex. 105})—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular חַת Jeremiah 50:2; 3rd feminine singular חַ֫תָּה Jeremiah 14:4 + 2 times, וָחָ֑תָּה Jeremiah 48:1; 3rd plural חַ֫תּוּ Isaiah 37:27 + 4 times, וְחַתּ֫וּ consec. Isaiah 20:5 + 2 times, וָחָ֑תּוּ consec. Jeremiah 50:36; future (עתיד) (Konig^{i. 366}) יֵחַת Isaiah 7:8; Isaiah 30:31, יֵחַ֑ת Job 39:22, יֵחָ֑ת Isaiah 31:4, אֵחַ֫תָּה Jeremiah 17:18, יֵחַ֫תּוּ I Samuel 2:10 + 3 times—On יֵחַ֑תּוּ Job 21:13 see נָחַת;—תֵּחָ֑תּוּ Joshua 10:25 + 2 times, etc.; imperative (ציווי) וָחֹ֫תּוּ Isaiah 8:9^(×3);—

be shattered, broken, figuratively of nations under divine judgment Isaiah 7:8; Isaiah 30:31; so probably also Isaiah 8:9^(×3) (but del. in v a), and perhaps (of י׳’s foes in generally) I Samuel 2:10 (song;—others render dismayed in all except Isaiah 7:8); figuratively of י׳’s righteousness Isaiah 51:6 (= be abolished, annihilated); literally of bows Jeremiah 51:56, according to Gie’s reading חַתָּה see Pi.

be dismayed, usually

absolute: | יָרֵא Deuteronomy 1:21; Deuteronomy 31:8 Joshua 8:1; Joshua 10:25 (all D), I Samuel 17:11 Jeremiah 23:4; Jeremiah 30:10; Jeremiah 46:27 Ezekiel 2:6; Ezekiel 3:9 I Chronicles 22:13; I Chronicles 28:20 II Chronicles 20:15, II Chronicles 20:17; II Chronicles 32:7; ‖ בּוֹשׁ Isaiah 20:5; Isaiah 37:27 = II Kings 19:26 Jeremiah 8:9; Jeremiah 17:18^(×2); Jeremiah 48:1, Jeremiah 48:20, Jeremiah 48:39; Jeremiah 50:2^(×2) (others assign Jeremiah 48:20, Jeremiah 48:39; Jeremiah 50:2^(×2) to 1); figuratively of the ground הָאֲדָמָה, dismayed for lack of rain Jeremiah 14:4 (‖ בּוֹשׁ of the husband-men); in Jeremiah 14:4 read probably with Duhm (after Septuagint) Co Driver וְעֹבְדֵי הא׳ חַתּוּ. ‖ערץ Joshua 1:9 no ‖ Jeremiah 50:36 Obadiah 1:9 Job 32:15; Job 39:22.

be dismayed at, followed by מִן Isaiah 31:4, Isaiah 31:9; Isaiah 51:7 (‖ יָרֵא) Jeremiah 1:17; Jeremiah 10:2^(×2).

past (עבר) only 3rd masculine singular וּמִפְּנֵי שְׁמִי נִחַח Malachi 2:5 and at my name he is put in awe (‖ יָרֵא).

past (עבר) dismay, scare, 2nd masculine singular with suffix וְחִתַּתַּ֫נִי בַחֲלֹמוֹת (Konig^{i. 372}) consec. Job 7:14 and thou scarest me with dreams (‖ בִּעֵת); 3rd feminine singular חִתְּתָה Jeremiah 51:56 (of bows) is intrans. [inchoat. Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 120, 2 d], Gf. al., be shattered, but text probably erron. Gie חַתָּה (see Qal 1).

past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular הַחִתֹּתָ Isaiah 9:3; 1st singular וְהַחְתַּתִּ֫י Jeremiah 49:37 (Konig^{i. 372}); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix יְחִתֵּנִי Job 31:34, with suffix 3rd feminine plural יְחִיתַ֑ן Habakkuk 2:17 (Konig^{i. 374}; but Septuagint Targum Peshitta Ewald Olshausen Stade Wellhausen יְחִתֶּ֑ךָ); 1st singular with suffix אֲחִתְּךָ Jeremiah 1:17 (followed by לפניהם).—

shatter with a direct object Isaiah 9:3.

cause to be dismayed Jeremiah 49:37 followed by לִפְנֵי.

dismay, terrify, followed by with suffix Job 31:34 Habakkuk 2:17.

חַת²

noun (masc.) ^{Genesis 9:2} terror, fear—חָ֑ת Job 41:25, חִתְּכֶם Genesis 9:2;—c. with suffix as obj. generally, Genesis 9:2 terror of you (‖ מוֹרַאֲכֶם); in description of crocodile c. neg., הֶעָשׂוּ לִבְלִי־חָ֑ת Job 41:25 one made for fearlessness.

חַת³

adjective shattered, dismayed—mpl. חַתִּים:—

shattered קֶשֶׁת גִּבֹּרִים ח׳ I Samuel 2:4 (song; on plural חַתִּים see Driver); so figuratively Ezekiel 32:30 according to Septuagint Codd. Co (חַתִּים for Masoretic Text חִתִּיתָם) broken in their might, of Sidonians in Sheʾôl.

dismayed Jeremiah 46:5 of Egyptians defeated by Nebuchadrezzar.

חֲתַת

n.[m.] terror—only תִּרְאוּ ח׳ וַתִּירָ֑אוּ Job 6:21 (> Baer תִּֽירְאוּ for תִּרְאוּ) ye see a terror, and fear (note paronomasia in Hebrew; see Dillmann).

חִתָּה²

noun (fem.) terror—חִתַּת אלהים עַל־הֶעָרִים Genesis 35:5 a terror of (= from) God was upon the cities.

חֲתַת²

n.pr.m. son of Othniel and grandson of Kenaz (brother of Caleb), חֲתַ֑ת I Chronicles 4:13.

חִתִּית

noun (fem.) terror, only Ezek.; absolute ח׳ Ezekiel 32:23, but Co reads חִתִּיתָם (with Septuagint and v Ezekiel 32:24, Ezekiel 32:26); construct the same Ezekiel 32:27; with suffix חתיתו Ezekiel 32:32 Kt (> חִתִּיתִי Qr); חִתִּיתָם Ezekiel 32:24 + 2 times + Ezekiel 26:17 (read חִתִּיתָהּ, with Septuagint Ewald Co, see VB, Ezekiel 32:30 (read חַתִּים, see ii. חת);—terror, caused by powerful cities, nations, kings, etc.: usually c. with suffix as obj. genit. Ezekiel 26:17 (of Tyre); elsewhere only Ezekiel 32: v Ezekiel 32:27 (ח׳ גִּבּוֹרִים, Peshitta Co ח׳ גבור תם), v Ezekiel 32:30 (חִתִּיתָם, but read חַתִּים, see above); especially in phr. נָתַן ח׳ בארץ חַיִּים cause one’s terror (terror of oneself) in the land of the living v Ezekiel 32:23, Ezekiel 32:24, Ezekiel 32:25 (del. Septuagint Co), v Ezekiel 32:26, Ezekiel 32:32.—חִתִּית Ezekiel 16:3, Ezekiel 16:45 see חִתִּי sub חֵת above p. 366.

חֵת²

see above p. 366.

חֵמָה²

(once חֵמָא)₁₂₁ noun (fem.) heat, rage (for יְחֵמָה; Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic יַחְמָא poison, ܚܶܡܬܳܐ heat, wrath, poison, Brockelmann^{Lex. 116}, also Nöldeke's Syriac Grammar § 105; Arabic حُمَةٌ poison, Lane ⁶⁵¹; Assyrian imtu, spittle, breath, poison, Delitzsch^{HWB 78} Muss-Arnolt^{CD 62})—absolute חֵמָה Nahum 1:2 + 39 times; חֵמָא †Daniel 11:44; construct חֲמַת Genesis 27:44 + 25 times; with suffix חֲמָתִי Jeremiah 4:4 + 36 times; חֲמָֽתְךָ Jeremiah 10:25 + 8 times; חֲמָתֶ֑ךָ Psalms 88:8; Psalms 89:47; חֲמָתוֹ Isaiah 51:17 + 8 times; חֲמָתָם Job 6:4; plural חֵמוֹת Proverbs 22:24, חֵמֹת Psalms 76:11;—

heat:

fever, חֲמַת מִיַּיִן Hosea 7:5 fever from wine, wine-fever (on st. construct see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 130, 1).

venom, poison (figuratively): חֲמַת זֹחֲלֵי עָפָר Deuteronomy 32:24; ח׳ תַּנִּינִים v Deuteronomy 32:33; ח׳ נָחָשׁ Psalms 58:5 compare v Psalms 58:5; ח׳ עַכְשׁוּב Psalms 140:4; poison of arrows (of י׳) Job 6:4.

burning anger, rage:

of man: Genesis 27:44, II Samuel 11:20 II Kings 5:12 Esther 1:12; Esther 2:1; Esther 3:5; Esther 5:9 (against, עַל), Esther 7:7, Esther 7:10 Psalms 37:8 (‖ אַף), Psalms 76:11 (yet on text see Cheyne), Proverbs 6:34; Proverbs 15:1, Proverbs 15:18 (אִישׁ חֵמָה man of rage = raging or wrathful man), Proverbs 16:4; Proverbs 19:19 (גְּדָל־ח׳ Qr = one great in rage, see De Nowack), Proverbs 27:4 (‖ אַף), Isaiah 51:13^(×2) Ezekiel 23:25; אִישׁ חֵמוֹת Proverbs 22:24 (‖ בַּעַל אָ֑ף); בַּעַל חֵמָה Proverbs 29:22 (‖ אִישׁ אַף); חֵמָה עַזָּה strong rage Proverbs 21:14 (‖ אַף); חֲמַת רוּחִי Ezekiel 3:14 the rage of my spirit.

of the he-goat in Daniel’s vision, בַּחֲמַת כֹּחוֹ Daniel 8:6 in the fury of his power.

of God (י׳), often Je Isaiah 2 Ez ψ: Jeremiah 4:4 + 16 times Je; II Kings 22:13, II Kings 22:17 Isaiah 27:4 (Hitzig Ewald Dillmann Duhm; on other interpr., and on text see Dillmann), Isaiah 63:5 Lamentations 2:4 Ezekiel 5:13 + 29 times Ez; Numbers 25:11, II Chronicles 12:7; II Chronicles 34:21, II Chronicles 34:25; II Chronicles 36:16 Psalms 59:14; Psalms 79:6; Psalms 88:8; Psalms 89:47; Psalms 106:23 Job 21:20; appar. also Job 19:29; Job 36:18 v Dillmann; often ‖ אַף, Micah 5:14 Deuteronomy 9:19; Deuteronomy 29:22 Isaiah 42:25 (אַפּוֹ as appos., + עֱזוּז מִלְחָמָה), Isaiah 63:3, Isaiah 63:6 Daniel 9:16 Psalms 6:2; Psalms 78:38; Psalms 90:7; לְהָשִׁיב בְּחֵמָה אַפּוֹ Isaiah 66:15 (‖ וְגַעֲרָתוֹ בְּלַהֲבֵי־אֵשׁ), Jeremiah 23:19; Jeremiah 30:23 of the whirlwind of י׳; ‖ אַף + קֶצֶף גָּדוֹל Deuteronomy 29:27 Jeremiah 21:5; Jeremiah 32:37; ‖ אַף + תֹּכְחוֹת חֵמָה Ezekiel 5:15, compare תּוֹכְחוֹת חֵמָה alone Ezekiel 25:17; ‖ חֲרוֹן אַפּוֹ Nahum 1:6 Lamentations 4:11; ‖ קֶצֶף Isaiah 34:2 (of fury against, על), Psalms 38:2; ‖ גְּעָרָה Isaiah 51:20; ‖ גְּמוּל Isaiah 59:18; ‖ קִנְאָה Ezekiel 36:6, compare חֵמָה גְדוֹלָה קִנֵּאתִי Zechariah 8:2 (‖ קִנְאָה גדולה); דַּם חֵמָה וְקִנְאָה Ezekiel 16:38 (on text see Co); חֲמַת קֶ֑רִי Leviticus 26:28 rage of meeting, that is encountering them in rage; כּוֹס חֲמָתוֹ(-תִי) Isaiah 51:17, Isaiah 51:22 the cup of his (my) fury; כּוֹס הַיַּיִן הַחֵמָה הַזּאֹת Jeremiah 25:15; בַּעַל חֵמָה a possessor of fury = furious Nahum 1:2 (‖ נֹקֵם, אֵל קִנּוֹא). [חֵמָה עַל = rage against one: Isaiah 34:2 II Chronicles 28:9.—Vbs. used with חֵמָה are: 2. and: שׁוּב Genesis 27:44, הֵשִׁיב Proverbs 15:1, עָלָה II Samuel 11:20, בָּעַר Esther 1:12, שָׁכַךְ Esther 2:1; Esther 7:10; 2. c.: הֵשִׁיב turn away wrath of י׳ Numbers 25:11 Psalms 106:23 Jeremiah 18:20 (but הָשִׁיב בְּחֵמָה אַפּוֹ Isaiah 66:15 to recompense his anger in fury, give it as requital); ח׳ י׳ is kindled against one יצת ב Niph. II Kings 22:13, II Kings 22:17; it burns בָּֽעֲרָה Jeremiah 4:4; Jeremiah 21:12; Jeremiah 44:6 Psalms 89:47; arises עלה II Chronicles 36:16, compare as obj. of עלה Hiph. Ezekiel 24:8; is poured out נִתְּכָה בְ II Chronicles 12:7; II Chronicles 34:21, II Chronicles 34:25 Jeremiah 7:20; נִתְּכָה עַל Jeremiah 42:18^(×2); Jeremiah 44:6; נִתְּכָה כָאֵשׁ Nahum 1:6; י׳ pours it out שָׁפַךְ אֶל Psalms 79:6; שָׁפַךְ עַל Isaiah 42:25 Jeremiah 10:25 Ezekiel 7:8; Ezekiel 9:8; Ezekiel 14:19; Ezekiel 16:38 (according to Co’s conject.), Ezekiel 20:8, Ezekiel 20:13, Ezekiel 20:21; Ezekiel 22:22; Ezekiel 30:15; Ezekiel 36:18; שָׁפַךְ כָּאֵשׁ Lamentations 2:4; חֵמָה שְׁפוּכָה Ezekiel 20:33, Ezekiel 20:34; הֵנִיחַ ח׳ בְ bring to rest (that is satisfy) one’s fury upon Ezekiel 5:13; Ezekiel 16:42; Ezekiel 24:13; כִּלָּה ח׳ Lamentations 4:11; + בְּ Ezekiel 5:13 I have accomplished my fury upon them (in their case), Ezekiel 6:12; Ezekiel 13:15.]