BDB — ח (525)

חַד (Aramaic)

adjective one, a;—ms. ח׳ Daniel 2:31 +; fs. חֲדָה Ezra 4:8 +;—

one side Daniel 7:5; n. om. Daniel 6:3; חֲדָה Daniel 2:9 = one and invariable (inevitable); כַּחֲדָה v Daniel 2:35 as one, altogether (so S-C^{K 3} Targum, and late Biblical Hebrew כְּאֶחָד Ezra 2:64 +); = ordinal, שְׁנַת חֲדָה first year Ezra 7:1; Ezra 5:13; Ezra 6:3; ח׳ = a certain one (τινὰ) Daniel 7:16 (c. מִן partit.).

a (indef. art.) c. noun Daniel 2:31; Daniel 6:18; Daniel 4:16 (see שָׁעָה), Ezra 4:8; Ezra 6:2, חַד שִׁבְעָה Daniel 3:19 = seven-fold (as Syriac: Nöldeke's Syriac Grammar § 241 Payne Smith (Syriac Thesaurus) ¹¹⁹⁴; compareShemos 16:5 Peshitta), see Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 66, 2.

חֲבַל (Aramaic)

verb

destroy, hurt (see Biblical Hebrew II. חבל);—past (עבר) 3rd masculine plural with suffix חַבְּלוּנִי Daniel 6:23 (of lions); imperative (ציווי) mpl. with suffix חַבְּלוּהִי Daniel 4:20 (with suffix of tree); infinitive (מקור) לְחַבָּלָה Ezra 6:12 (direct object of temple).

be destroyed: future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular לָא תִּתְחַבַּל Daniel 2:44; Daniel 6:27; Daniel 7:14 (-בַּ֑ל; all of kingdom of God).

חֲבָל (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) ^{Daniel 6:24} hurt, injury;—absolute ח׳ Daniel 3:25; Daniel 6:24, compare RÉS ^{362 A 2}; emph. חֲבָלָא Ezra 4:22.

חַגַּי (Aramaic)

proper name (masc.) prophet (Biblical Hebrew the same);—Ezra 5:1; Ezra 6:14.

חֲדִי (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) breast (Targum Syriac; see Biblical Hebrew II. חזה);—dual (Schulthess^{journal ZAW xxii (1902), 164}) with suffix חֲדוֹ֫חִי Daniel 2:32.

חֲדַ֑ת (Aramaic)

adjective new (Targum Syriac; Biblical Hebrew חדשׁ);—ח׳ Ezra 6:4.

חוּט (Aramaic)

verb repair (foundations);—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יַחִ֫יטוּ Ezra 4:12 (si vera l. [Noldeke^{GGA, 1884, 1018} Strack's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 13 b

חִוָּר (Aramaic)

adjective white (Targum Syriac; Biblical Hebrew I. [חָוַר]);—Daniel 7:9 (robe).

חֲזָה (Aramaic)

verb see, behold (see Biblical Hebrew);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ח׳ Daniel 4:20; Daniel 7:1; 2nd masculine singular חֲזַ֫יְתָ Daniel 2:43 +, -תָה Daniel 2:41^(×2); 1st singular חֲזֵית v Daniel 2:26 +; 2nd masculine plural חֲזֵיתוּן Daniel 2:8; Pe. infinitive (מקור) לְמֶחֱזֵא֑ Ezra 4:14; participle (בינוני) active חָזֵה Daniel 2:31 + 14 times; plural חָזַ֫יִן Daniel 3:27; Daniel 5:23; passive חֲזֵה Daniel 3:19;—

see, have sense of sight Daniel 5:23.

see, behold:

direct object person Daniel 3:25, c. ל v Daniel 3:27, direct object rei Daniel 5:5.

see, witness dishonour of king (direct object) Ezra 4:14.

usually behold in dream or vision (often pt. in periphrast. conjunction), direct object person, Daniel 4:20, direct object rei Daniel 2:41^(×2), Daniel 2:43; Daniel 4:17, absolute Daniel 2:34; Daniel 7:4, Daniel 7:7, Daniel 7:9, Daniel 7:11^(×2), Daniel 7:21, + אֲלוּ Daniel 2:31; Daniel 4:7, Daniel 4:10, אֲרוּ Daniel 7:2, Daniel 7:6, Daniel 7:13; c. object cl. Daniel 2:8, Daniel 2:45; behold a dream, direct object חֵלֶם, Daniel 2:26; Daniel 4:2, Daniel 4:6, Daniel 4:15; Daniel 7:1.

passive = customary (seemly) Daniel 3:19 (so Targum Vayikra 5:10 and elsewhere, see Driver).

חֲיָא (Aramaic)

verb live (see Biblical Hebrew חָיָה);—

imperative (ציווי) לְעָֽלְמִין חֱיִי live for ever! Daniel 2:4; Daniel 3:9; Daniel 5:10; Daniel 6:7, Daniel 6:22.

participle (בינוני) מַחֵא (Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 11, 3 b) γ) Haupt^{Kmp. Dn. 28}) Daniel 5:19 let live.

חַי (Aramaic)

adjective living (Biblical Hebrew the same);—

of God: construct חַי Daniel 4:31, emph. חַיָּא Daniel 6:21, Daniel 6:27; men, plural emph. חַיַּיָּא the living Daniel 2:30; Daniel 4:14 (חַי עָֽלְמָא).

plural as n. abstr. life (Biblical Hebrew חַיִּים): חַיִּין Daniel 7:12; construct חַיֵּי Ezra 6:10.

חֵיוָא (Aramaic)

noun (fem.) beast (Biblical Hebrew ii. חַיָּה);—absolute א—ָ Daniel 4:13, ה—ָ Daniel 7:5, Daniel 7:7; emph. חֵיוְתָא Daniel 7:6, Daniel 7:11, Daniel 7:19, Daniel 7:23, and (coll.) Daniel 4:11, Daniel 4:12; Daniel 5:21; construct (coll.) חֵיוַת בָּרָא Daniel 2:38; Daniel 4:9, Daniel 4:18, Daniel 4:20, Daniel 4:22, Daniel 4:29; plural absolute חֵיוָן Daniel 7:3, emph. חֵיוָתָא Daniel 7:7, Daniel 7:12, Daniel 7:17.

חַ֫יִל (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) power, strength, army (see Biblical Hebrew II. חול, חיל);—

power: absolute בְּאֶדְרָע וְחָ֑יִל Ezra 4:23 by force and power; קרא בְח׳ that is call loudly Daniel 3:4, בְּחַיִל Daniel 4:11; Daniel 5:7; גִּבָּרֵי־ח׳ Daniel 3:20 mighty men of power.

force, army, with suffix חַיְלֵהּ Daniel 3:20; construct חֵיל שְׁמַיָּא Daniel 4:32 (= Biblical Hebrew צְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם).

חָכְמָה (Aramaic)

noun (fem.) wisdom;—ח׳ absolute Daniel 2:30 +, emph. חָכְמְתָא Daniel 2:20 +, construct חָכְמֶת Daniel 5:11; Ezra 7:25;—wisdom, attrib. of God Daniel 2:20; of gods Daniel 5:11; of man Daniel 2:30; of God imparted to man Ezra 7:25 (practical wisdom), Daniel 2:21; = occult knowledge (see foregoing) imparted to men v Daniel 2:23; Daniel 5:11, Daniel 5:14.

חֵ֫לֶם (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) Daniel 4:2 dream (Targum Syriac; see Biblical Hebrew חֲלוֹם, √ II. חלם);—absolute ח׳ Daniel 4:2; Daniel 7:1; emph. חֶלְמָא Daniel 2:4 +; with suffix הֶלְמִי Daniel 4:6, -מָךְ Daniel 2:28; plural חֶלְמִין Daniel 5:12;—dream, as vehicle or revelation Daniel 2:4 + 10 times, Daniel 4:3 + 6 times, Daniel 5:12; to prophet Daniel 7:1.

חֲלָק (Aramaic)

n.[m.] portion, possession, lot (see Biblical Hebrew);—absolute ח׳ possession in land Ezra 4:16; with suffix חֲלָקֵהּ Daniel 4:12, Daniel 4:20, that is his appointed lot.

חֱמָא (Aramaic)

חֲמַר (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) wine (Targum Syriac; Biblical Hebrew חֶמֶר (poet. and late), √ I. חמר);—absolute ח׳ Ezra 6:9; Ezra 7:22; emph. חַמְרָא Daniel 5:1, Daniel 5:2, Daniel 5:4, Daniel 5:23.

חֲנֻכָּה (Aramaic)

noun (fem.) dedication (Targum; Biblical Hebrew the same, √ חנך);—construct חֲנֻכַּת, of image Daniel 3:2, Daniel 3:3; temple Ezra 6:16, Ezra 6:17.

חֲנַנְיָה (Aramaic)

proper name (masc.) (= Biblical Hebrew the same 5);—Daniel 2:17.

חֲסַף (Aramaic)

n.[m.] clay, potsherd (Targum the same; Chr-Pal. ܚܣܦܐ clay vessel, ܚܨܒܢܐ plural potsherds Schulthess ⁶⁸, Syriac ܚܶܨܦܳܐ potsherd; Targum חַצְבָא, Mishnaic Hebrew חָצָב clay vessel; Assyrian ḫaṣbu, the same; ܚܨܰܦ jar (Payne Smith (Syriac Thesaurus) ¹²³⁸), whence Arabic خَزَفٌ pottery Frä ¹⁶⁹, but Sabean חסף jar, according to Hom^{ZMG xlvi (1892), 532}; compare Ethiopic ܚܶܙܒܳܐ: jar (transp.; Dillmann ¹²⁶⁵); see Biblical Hebrew [חַסְפַּם]);—ח׳ absolute Daniel 2:41 (ח׳ דִּי פֶּחָר), חֲסַ֑ף v Daniel 2:33, Daniel 2:42; construct ח׳ טִינָא v Daniel 2:41, Daniel 2:43; emph. חַסְפָּא v Daniel 2:34, Daniel 2:35, Daniel 2:43, Daniel 2:45.

חַרְטֹם (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) magician (Biblical Hebrew the same, √ I. חרט);—absolute Daniel 2:10; plural absolute חַרְטֻמִּין Daniel 2:27; Daniel 5:11; emph. -מַּיָּא Daniel 4:4, Daniel 4:6.

חֱמָא² (Aramaic)

noun (fem.) rage;—absolute Daniel 3:19, חֲ׳ v Daniel 3:13.

חַד

adjective = אֶחָד Yechezkel 33:30 del. Co, compare Septuagint.

חִירָם

proper name (masc.) Hiram (Phoenician חרם; abbr. from foregoing)—ח׳ Shmuel Beis 5:11 + 18 times 1 K + Kesiv Divrei HaYamim Alef 14:1 Divrei HaYamim Beis 4:11; Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:10 (all Keri חוּרָם); חִירוֹם Melachim Alef 5:24, Melachim Alef 5:32; Melachim Alef 7:40; also חוּרָם Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:5 + 9 times Ch.—

an artificer of Tyre, sent by Hiram the king Melachim Alef 7:13, Melachim Alef 7:40^(×2), Melachim Alef 7:45 Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:12; Divrei HaYamim Beis 4:11^(×2), Divrei HaYamim Beis 4:16.

a Benjamite Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:5.

חִיאֵל

proper name (masc.) (probably (אֲ)חִיאֵל brother of Ēl, Septuagint Ἀχειηλ; compare חירם & Phoenician חמלך, etc.; see Baethgen^{Rel 156}) a Bethelite, rebuilder of Jericho Melachim Alef 16:34.

חָבַב

verb love (Mishnaic Hebrew Pi. the same; Arabic حَبَّ be loved; Ethiopic ተሐበበ amore alicujus incendi Dillmann; Aramaic ܚܰܒ kindle, be set on fire, ܚܰܒܶܒ, חַבֵּב love, embrace, חוּבָּא bosom)—

participle (בינוני) אַף חֹבֵב עַמִּים Devarim 33:3 (Dillmann reads עַמּוֹ, compare Septuagint).

חֹבָב

proper name (masc.) (compare Phoenician proper name חב; Wellhausen^{Skizzen iii, 171. 217} suggests compar. with حُباب serpent)—son of Reuel, חֹתֵן of Moses (see חתן), Bamidbar 10:29, Shoftim 4:11; ins. ח׳ probably also Shoftim 1:16, see G.F. Moore.

חֻבָּה

proper name (masc.) a descendant of Asher, Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:34 (read וְחֻבָּה, so Keri; > Kesiv יְחֻבָּה).

חָבָה

verb withdraw, hide, compare חבא;—

imperative (ציווי) ms. חֲבִי Yeshaya 26:20 (Aramaic form, Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 235, 3 Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 224 c Duhm; Dillmann reads חֲבֵי = חֲבֵה), withdraw into privacy (‖ בֹּא בַחֲדָרֶיךָ).

past (עבר) וְנֶחְבָּה consec. Yirmiya 49:10; וְנַחְבֵּתֶם consec. Yehoshua 2:16; infinitive (מקור) לְהֵחָבֵה (as ל״א) Melachim Alef 22:25 Melachim Beis 7:12; withdraw, hide oneself, literally Yehoshua 2:16, followed by שָׁמָּה; Melachim Beis 7:12 c. בְּ location; Melachim Alef 22:25; of Esau = Edom, hiding from judgment of י׳, וְנֶחְבָּה לֹא יוּכָ֑ל Yirmiya 49:10, as pointed, meant no doubt as pf., but construct then hard; read rather inf. absolute נַחְבֹּה; so Graf Giesebrecht and elsewhere (see Konig^{i. 624}).

חֶבְיוֹן

n.[m.] hiding, hiding-place, or < veil, envelope, only construct וְשָׁם ח׳ עֻזֹּה Chavakuk 3:4 (< Septuagint Peshitta Hi-St Gr וְשָׂם and he maketh, compare Tehillim 18:12).

חֶבְ֗יוֹן

see under חבה.

חָבַל

verb bind, pledge (Arabic حَبَلَ bind; compare Aramaic ܚܒܰܠ, ܚܰܒܶܠ travail; חֲבַל pledge (but rare and doubtful); especially ܚܰܒܠܴܐ cord, field, חַבְלָא cord, ܚܶܒܠܴܐ, חֶבְלָא pain, especially of travail; Sabean חבל border-territory, or field, Sab, Denkm ^48.49; Ethiopic ጠበለ Zim^{BP 93 n.}, comp. Assyrian naḫbalu, rope, snare)—

past (עבר) חָבָ֑ל Yechezkel 18:16 future (עתיד) יַחֲבֹל Devarim 24:6; 2nd masculine singular תַּחֲבֹל Devarim 24:17; תַּחְבֹּל Shemos 22:25 Iyov 22:6; יַחְבְּלוּ Iyov 24:3; יַחְבֹּ֑לוּ Iyov 24:9; imperative (ציווי) with suffix חַבְלֵהוּ Mishlei 20:16; Mishlei 27:13; infinitive (מקור) absolute חָבֹל Shemos 22:25; participle (בינוני) active חֹבֵל Devarim 24:6, compare חֹבְלִים Zecharia 11:7, Zecharia 11:14 (name of מַקֵּל); passive חֲבֻלִים Amos 2:8;—

bind, only in חֹבְלִים, name of one of Zec.’s symbolic staves, Zecharia 11:7, Zecharia 11:14 symbol. of fraternity. Especially

bind by taking a pledge of, hold by a pledge, followed by direct object person Mishlei 20:16; Mishlei 27:13 Iyov 22:6; take or hold in pledge, followed by direct object rei Shemos 22:25, Devarim 24:6^(×2), Devarim 24:17 Iyov 24:3; followed by direct object cogn. חֲבֹל Yechezkel 18:16; עַל־עָנִי יַחְבֹּ֑לוּ Iyov 24:9 probably pregn. (see Dillmann) take pledges (getting power) over the poor; בְּגָדִים חֲבֻלִים Amos 2:8 garments taken in pledge.

future (עתיד) יֵחָ֫בֶל לוֹ Mishlei 13:13 becometh pledged to it (that is pledged to pay the penalty, opposite יְשֻׁלָּ֑ם), so Ewald Hitzig De Nowack Strack Revised Version^m VB. > under II. חָבַל q.see

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular חִבְּלָה Shir HaShirim 8:5; חִבְּלַתְךָ Shir HaShirim 8:5; future (עתיד) יְחַבֶּל־ Tehillim 7:15;—writhe, twist, hence travail; of mother Shir HaShirim 8:5^(×2) (with a direct object of child; ‖ יְלָדָ֑תְךָ); metaphorically of wicked man יְחַבֶּל־אָ֑וֶן וְהָרָה עָמָל וְיָלַד שָֽׁקֶר׃ Tehillim 7:15.

חֶ֫בֶל

noun (masc.) ^{Yehoshua 2:14} f. †Tzefania 2:6 (but see below) cord, territory, band; ח׳ absolute Yehoshua 2:15 +; construct Devarim 3:4 +, חֵ֫בֶל Yehoshua 19:29; with suffix חַבְלוֹ Iyov 18:10; plural חֲבָלִים Shmuel Beis 8:2 + 10 times + Yechezkel 47:13 Iyov 21:7 see below; construct חַבְלֵי Yehoshua 17:5 + 5 times; חֶבְלֵי Tehillim 116:3 + 4 times + Tehillim 18:5 (read משׁברי see below); with suffix חֲבָלָ֑יִךְ Yeshaya 33:23; חֲבָלָיו Yeshaya 33:20;—

cord, rope, by which men were lowered Yehoshua 2:15, Yirmiya 38:6, Yirmiya 38:11, Yirmiya 38:12, Yirmiya 38:13, or stones dragged Shmuel Beis 17:13; of tents Yeshaya 33:20; tackling of ship v Yeshaya 33:23; for binding Yechezkel 27:24 Iyov 40:25 Esther 1:6; symbol of captivity or subjection Melachim Alef 20:31, Melachim Alef 20:32; figuratively of snare for wicked Iyov 18:10 (‖ מַלְכֻּדְתּוֹ), set by wicked Tehillim 140:6 (‖ פַּח); Tehillim 119:61 cords of wicked men have surrounded me; of wicked held בחבלי חַטָּאתוֹ Mishlei 5:22; ח׳ הַשָּׁ֑וְא Yeshaya 5:18 cords (ropes) of wickedness (‖ כַּעֲבוֹת הָעֲגָלָה); of cords of distress (עֹ֑נִי) Iyov 36:8 (‖ זִקִּים); so חֶבְלֵי מָוֶת (probably) Tehillim 116:3, חֶבְלֵי שׁאוֹל Tehillim 18:6 = Shmuel Beis 22:6 (‖ מוֹקְשֵׁי מָוֶת);—for חֶבְלֵי מות Tehillim 18:5 read מִשְׁבְּרֵי, see Shmuel Beis 22:5 and ‖ נַחֲלֵי בְלִיַּעַל, De Cheyne Baethgen; to draw בְּחַבְלֵי אָדָם Hoshea 11:4 (that is humanely, kindly); of cord of life חֶבֶל הַכֶּסֶף Koheles 12:6.

measuring-cord, line ח׳ מִדָּה Zecharia 2:5; so ח׳ alone Shmuel Beis 8:2^(×3) Amos 7:17 Micha 2:5 Tehillim 78:55; figuratively (of favoured life) Tehillim 16:6; in generally of one’s portion, fortune Iyov 21:17 according to Targum Gesenius' Thesaurus Add. Ewald Dillmann and elsewhere, but < v. חֵבֶל. Thence

measured portion, lot, part, region, ח׳ נַחֲלָה inherited portion Devarim 32:9 Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:18 = Tehillim 105:11; also ח׳ alone Yehoshua 17:5, Yehoshua 17:14; Yehoshua 19:9 Yechezkel 47:13 (חבלים; Vulgate Targum read as dual, see Ewald Smend Davidson and elsewhere; Co del. on intern. grounds); of particular regions ח׳ אַרְגֹּב Devarim 3:4, Devarim 3:13, Devarim 3:14 Melachim Alef 4:13; ח׳ אַכְזִיב Yehoshua 19:29 (si vera l., see WMM^{Asien 194}); ח׳ הַיָּם Tzefania 2:5; also v Tzefania 2:6, but היתה ח׳ here doubtful; Stade proposes 2nd feminine singular הָיִת, and del. ח׳ הים; without היס, v Tzefania 2:7.

band, company of prophets Shmuel Alef 10:5, Shmuel Alef 10:10.—ii. חֶבֶל see under ii. חָבַל.

חֵ֫בֶל

noun (masc.) ^{Yeshaya 66:7} (but see Yirmiya 49:24) pain, pang;—ח׳ absolute Yeshaya 66:7; elsewhere plural חֲבָלִים Yeshaya 13:8 + 3 times + Iyov 21:17 see below; construct חֶבְלֵי Hoshea 13:13; with suffix חֲבָלֶיהָ Yeshaya 26:17; חֶבְלֵיהֶם Iyov 39:3 (on with suffix see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 135, 5, R 1);—pain, pang:

pains of travail:

object of תְּשַׁלַּחְנָה Iyov 39:3 meton. for offspring (‖ יַלְדֵיהֶן; see Dillmann; of goats and hinds).

simile of distress of exiles Yeshaya 26:17; figuratively of anguish of nations צִירִים וַחֲבָלִים יֹאחֵזוּן Yeshaya 13:8 (‖ כַּיּוֹלֵדָה יְחִילוּן), also Yirmiya 13:21; Yirmiya 22:23; Yirmiya 49:24; of crisis of redemption Hoshea 13:13 (‖ חֶבְלֵי יוֹלֵדָה), of birth of new Isr. Yeshaya 66:7.

of other than birth-pangs only חבלים Iyov 21:17; pains, pangs, sorrows (so Septuagint Vulgate Gesenius' Thesaurus,—otherwise Add.—RobGes Hitzig Davidson and elsewhere; ‖ נֵר יִדְעָ֑ךְ, יָבֹא אֵידָם); > others, portion, fortune, see חֶבֶל.

חֲבֹל

n.[m.] pledge (as binding)—יָשִׁיב ח׳ Yechezkel 18:12; Yechezkel 33:15; as cogn. direct object c. חָבַל Yechezkel 18:16.

חֲבֹלָה

noun (fem.) the same (on format. compare Lg^{BN 179})—חֲבֹלָתוֹ Yechezkel 18:7.

חִבֵּל

n.[m.] probably mast (as corded or roped in place; denom. from חֶבֶל)—only in simile of drunken man שֹׁכֵב בְּרֹאֹשׁ ח׳ Mishlei 23:34 (opposite שֹׁכֵב בְּלֶב־יָם) that is in the lookout-basket at the mast-head, compare Gesenius' Thesaurus in carchesio.—Septuagint Vulgate read חֹבֵל.

חֹבְלִים

n.[m.]plural union (literally binders) name of Zec.’s second symbolic staff Zecharia 11:7 and c. art. v Zecharia 11:14. See חָבַל 1.

חָבַל²

verb act (ruinously) corruptly (Mishnaic Hebrew the same wound, injure; Arabic خَبَلَ corrupt or render unsound (the mind, a limb, etc.), خَبِلَ be deranged (in mind); Assyrian ḫabâlu, injure, VR^{62, 11}; Aramaic ܚܰܒܶܠ, חַבֵּל corrupt, ruin; Ethiopic ተሐበለ be arrogant, audacious; Sabean חֿבל D.H. Müller^{Epigr. Denkm. 48}; compare Palmyrene חבל mortuus Vog^{Noldeke. 161} and often)—

past (עבר) 1st plural חָבַלְנוּ Nechemia 1:7; future (עתיד) 1st singular אֶחְבֹּל Iyov 34:31; infinitive (מקור) construct (used as absolute) Nechemia 1:7;—act corruptly against, חֲבֹל חבלנו לְ Nechemia 1:7; absolute Iyov 34:31.

future (עתיד) יֵחָ֫בֶל לוֹ Mishlei 13:13 shall be ruined (לֵ reflex.), Gesenius' Thesaurus RobGes Authorized Version Revised Version, but < I. חָבַל (see p. 286).

ruin, destroy: past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular consec. וְחִבֵּל את מעשׂה ידיך Koheles 5:5, subj. God. future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תְּחַבֵּל וְחֶבֶל נִמְרָץ Micha 2:10 that destroyeth, even with sore destruction; but read rather תְּחֻבְּלוּ ח׳ נ׳ ye shall be destroyed with etc., so Septuagint Roorda Cheyne. infinitive (מקור) construct לְחַבֵּל with a direct object, the poor Yeshaya 32:7, the land Yeshaya 13:5; absolute Yeshaya 54:16; compare participle (בינוני) plural מְחַבְּלִים Shir HaShirim 2:15 with a direct object of foxes ruining vineyards.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular וְחֻבַּל consec. Yeshaya 10:27 of yoke, be ruined, broken, si vera l.; Robertson Smith^{JPh. xiii. 1885, p. 62} proposes יחדל, compare also Cheyne^{crit. n.}; and rem. by Dillmann Duhm; 3rd feminine singular חֻבָּ֑לָה Iyov 17:1 my spirit is broken (‖ יָמַי נִזְעָ֑כוּ); future (עתיד) 2nd masculine plural תְּחֻבְּלוּ Micha 2:10 (emend.: see above)

חֶ֫בֶל²

noun (masc.) destruction—חֶבֶל נִמְרָץ Micha 2:10; compare ii. חָבַל Pi.

חֲבַצֶּלֶת

noun (fem.) meadow-saffron or crocus (colchicum autumnale, Linn.) (Syriac ܚܰܡܨܰܠܳܝܬܳܐ, see Gesenius^commentaries Yeshaya 35:1 Löw^{p. 174, Noldeke. 128}; Assyrian ḫabaṣillatu VR^{32, 62} is a marsh-plant, reed; compare Zim^{BP 59} Delitzsch^{HA 34; Pr 82}; also Cheyne^l.c. and crit. n.);—ח׳ הַשָּׁרוֹן שׁוֹשַׁנַּת הָעֲמָקִים Shir HaShirim 2:1 (figuratively of Shulamite), וְתָגֵל עֲרָבָה וְתִפְרַח כַּחֲבַצָּֽלֶת׃ Yeshaya 35:1 (narcissus Cheyne Yeshaya 35:1 compare Conder^{PEF, 1878, 46} Tristr^{NHB 476} and elsewhere)

חֲבַצִּנְיָה

proper name (masc.) a Rechabite Yirmiya 35:3, Septuagint Χαβασ(ε)ιν.

חָבַק

verb clasp, embrace (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Targum חַבֵּקֹ; Mand.. ܚܒܰܩ, NSyr. ܚܦܩ; Arabic حَبَقَ ii. collect one’s possessions, etc., Freytag)—

infinitive (מקור) לַחֲבוֹק Koheles 3:5; participle (בינוני) חֹבֵק Koheles 4:5; חֹבֶקֶת Melachim Beis 4:16;—embrace, with a direct object בֵּן Melachim Beis 4:16; יָדָיו Koheles 4:5 (said of הַכְּסִיל = fold his arms, that is be idle; compare חִבֻּק); no object expr. Koheles 3:5 (‖ Pi).

past (עבר) חִבְּקוּ Iyov 24:8 Eicha 4:5; future (עתיד) וַיְחַבֵּק Breishis 48:10; וַיְחַבֶּק־ Breishis 29:13; וַיְחַבְּקֵהוּ Breishis 33:4; 3rd feminine singular with suffix תְּחַבְּקֵ֫נִי Shir HaShirim 2:6; Shir HaShirim 8:3; 2nd masculine singular וּתְחַבֵּק Mishlei 5:20, with suffix תְּחַבְּקֶ֫נָּה Mishlei 4:8; infinitive (מקור) חַבֵּק Koheles 3:5;—embrace of person, no object עת לִרְחֹק מֵחַבֵּק Koheles 3:5 (‖ Qal); followed by לְ Breishis 29:13, Breishis 48:10; followed by with suffix Breishis 33:4, Mishlei 4:8 Shir HaShirim 2:6; Shir HaShirim 8:3; with a direct object Mishlei 5:20; embrace צוּר for want of shelter Iyov 24:8 (of poor); embrace refuse-heaps אשׁפתות Eicha 4:5, that is are outcasts.

חִבֻּק

n.[m.] a clasping, folding of the hands, only construct מְעַט ח׳ יָדַיִם לִשְׁכָּ֑ב Mishlei 6:10; Mishlei 24:33 (compare חָבַק Qal).

חֲבַקּוּק

proper name (masc.) the prophet Habakkuk Chavakuk 1:1; Chavakuk 3:1; Septuagint Ἀμβακουμ (Assyrian ḫambaḳûḳu is name of a plant, Delitzsch^{HA 36, Pr 84}, so حبقبق in Yemen (Schweinfurth) see Hom^{Aufsätze u. Abh. 1892, 27, 28}).

חָבַר

verb unite (usually intr.), be joined, tie a magic knot or spell, charm (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Ethiopic ኀበረ yet Assyrian [abâru], ubburu, bind, ban (of spells), ibru, friend, and many deriv., Delitzsch^{W 51 ff.}; Aramaic ܚܰܒܰܪ, חַבֵּר and many deriv.; compare Phoenician n. חבר associate)—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine plural חָֽבְרוּ Breishis 14:3; participle (בינוני) active m. חֹבֵר Devarim 18:11, חוֹבֵר Tehillim 58:6; fpl. חֹבְרֹת Shemos 26:3^(×2) + 2 times + Yechezkel 1:9 (compare below), חוֹבְרוֹת Yechezkel 1:11; participle (בינוני) passive construct חֲבוּר Hoshea 4:17 (yet. see below);—

unite, be joined:

of allies, followed by אֶל־ location Breishis 14:3, construct praegn. = came as allies unto; pt. passive figuratively חֲבוּר עֲצַבִּים אֶפְרָ֖יִם Hoshea 4:17 Ephr. is joined to idols (but Wellhausen reads חבר, see חָבֵר 2 d, and compare חֲבֵרָיו Yeshaya 44:11, חֲבֶרְתְּךָ Malachi 2:14).

of one thing reaching to, touching another; wings of Ezek.’s living creatures followed by אֶל־ rei, Yechezkel 1:9 (del. Septuagint B Co, but see Smend); compare ח׳ אישׁ v Yechezkel 1:11, that is joining each one (trans.), < Septuagint Peshitta Co ח׳ אשׁה אל־אחותה (as v Yechezkel 1:9), united each to the other; so of curtains of tabernacle, followed by אֶל־ rei Shemos 26:3^(×2); absolute joined together, of shoulder pieces of ephod Shemos 28:7; Shemos 39:4 (all P; compare also Pu).

tie magic knots, charm (Robertson Smith^{JPh. xiv.1885, 123} thinks meaning charm is der. from nectere verba, and comp. Arabic خَبَر, narrative); only with a direct object cogn. ח׳ חָ֑בֶר Devarim 18:11 (in a long series of kindred phrases), specif. of charming serpents Tehillim 58:6 (‖ מְלַחֲשִׁים).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular חִבַּר Tehillim 36:10; 2nd masculine singular וְחִבַּרְתָּ֫ Shemos 26:6 + 2 times; future (עתיד) וַיְחַבֵּר Shemos 36:10 + 2 times; with suffix וַיְחַבְּרֵהוּ Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:36; infinitive (מקור) construct לְחַבֵּר Shemos 36:18;—

make an ally of, unite one with, only ויחברהו עִמּוֹ Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:36 and he united him with himself, followed by infinitive (מקור) of purpose.

unite, join (trans.), only Ex, of tabern., object the curtains, followed by direct object + אֶל־ rei Shemos 26:6; Shemos 36:10^(×2), Shemos 36:13; followed by direct object only Shemos 26:9; Shemos 36:16; object את־האהל join the tent together, Shemos 26:11; Shemos 36:18.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular חֻבָּ֑ר Shemos 39:4, וְחֻבָּ֑ר consec. Shemos 28:7 (but see below), 3rd feminine singular שֶׁחֻבְּרָה־ Tehillim 122:3; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְחֻבַּר Koheles 9:4 Keri (Kesiv יבחר see below); with suffix הַיְחָבְרְךָ Tehillim 94:20 (Konig^{i. 257 f.}; Gesenius Ewald Böttcher De and elsewhere as Qal);—

be allied with thee (with suffix ref. to י׳) Tehillim 94:20;

be united to = be one of, מי אשׁר יְח׳ אל כל־הַחַיִּם whoever is united to all the living (Kesiv יבחר is meaningless) Koheles 9:4.

be joined together, of ephod עַל־שְׁנֵי קְצוֹותָ֯ו ח׳ Shemos 39:4 by its two edges was it joined together; compare ‖ Shemos 28:7 (where Masoretic Text אֶל־שְׁנֵי קְצוֹתָיו וְחֻבָּ֑ר < Septuagint Sam which read עַל־שׁ׳ ק׳ יְחֻבָּ֑ר); עִיר שֶׁח׳־לָהּ Tehillim 122:3 joined together for itself, that is compactly built (of Jerusalem).

future (עתיד) 1st singular אַחְבִּ֫ירָה עליכם בְּמִלִּים Iyov 16:4 I could make a joining with words (that is join words together Revised Version VB) against you.

(late) past (עבר) אֶתְחַבֵּר (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 54, 1 n.) Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:35; future (עתיד) יִתְחַבָּ֑רוּ Daniel 11:6; infinitive (מקור) with suffix הִתְחַבֶּרְךָ Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:37; Aramaic form הִתְחַבְּרוּת Daniel 11:23 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 54, 3 R. 1);—join oneself to, make an alliance with, followed by עִם person Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:35, Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:37, followed by אֶל־ person Daniel 11:23; recipr. league together (absolute) Daniel 11:6.

חֶ֫בֶר

n.[m.] company, association, spell—absolute חָ֑בֶר Devarim 18:11 + 2 times; construct חֶבֶר Hoshea 6:9; plural חֲבָרִים Tehillim 58:6, with suffix חֲבָרַיִךְ Yeshaya 47:9, Yeshaya 47:12;—

company, band of (bad) priests Hoshea 6:9.

association, society (abstr.), only in בֵּית חָ֑בֶר Mishlei 21:9 = Mishlei 25:24 house of association, that is shared with a contentious woman (house in common, see Revised Version^m VB).

spell:

as direct object cogn. c. חָבַר (q.see) Devarim 18:11 Tehillim 58:6.

alone, of Babylonian magic Yeshaya 47:9, Yeshaya 47:12 (see Len^{Chald. Magic [1878]; Magie u. Wahrsagekunst, 1878}; Scholz^{Götzendienst u. Zauberwesen, 1877, 80 ff.} Say^{TBA iii. 145 ff. and Rel. Bab 396 ff., 440 ff.}).

חֶ֫בֶר²

proper name (masc.)

חֶבֶר (Septuagint Χαβερ) the Kenite, husband of Jael Shoftim 4:11, Shoftim 4:17^(×2), Shoftim 4:21; Shoftim 5:24.

a man of Asher חִבֶר Breishis 46:17 Septuagint Χοβωρ Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:31, Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:32 Septuagint Χαβερ SeptuagintL Ιεχοβερ; חֵבֶר Bamidbar 26:45 Septuagint Χοβερ; on poss. identif. with Ḫabiri of Tel el Amarna see Jastr^{JBL 1892, xi. 118 ff. 1893, xii. 61 ff.}

חֶבֶר name in Judah Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:18 Septuagint Αβεισα, SeptuagintL Αβερ.

חָ֑בֶר a Benjamite Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:17 Septuagint Αβαρ, SeptuagintL Αβερ.

חָבֵר

adjective and noun (masc.) Shir HaShirim 8:13, united, associate, companion—ח׳ absolute Mishlei 28:24 Tehillim 119:63; with suffix חֲבֵרוֹ Koheles 4:10 (+ 3 times Ez Kesiv; Keri חבריו, see below); plural חֲבֵרִים Shoftim 20:11 Shir HaShirim 8:13; construct חַבְרֵי Yeshaya 1:23; with suffix חֲבֵרֶ֑ךָ Tehillim 45:8, חֲבֵרֶ֑יךָ Shir HaShirim 1:7; חֲבֵרָיו Yeshaya 44:11 + 3 times Ez Keri;—

adjective united כְּאִישׁ אֶחָד חֲבֵרִים Shoftim 20:11 knit together as one man (Authorized Version Revised Version).

n. associate, fellow:

of children (tribes) of Isr. assoc. with Judah as head Yechezkel 37:16; the same assoc. with Joseph (Ephr.) as head v Yechezkel 37:16, Yechezkel 37:19 (in all these read Keri חֲבֵרָיו).

of like rank Tehillim 45:8.

of like calling Shir HaShirim 1:7.

worshippers (associates, belonging to the society or guild) of idols Yeshaya 44:11 (see Cheyne; > others priests, Geiger ^{Urschr, 121, 493} Siegfried-Stade, compare חֶבֶר Hoshea 6:9; Duhm reads חֲבָרִים enchantments).

in generally Shir HaShirim 8:13.

implying likeness of character Yeshaya 1:23 Mishlei 28:24 Tehillim 119:63.

companion at a particular time Koheles 4:10.

חַבּוּרָה

[חַבֻּרָה, חֲבֻרָה] noun (fem.) stripe, blow;—absolute חַבּ׳ Yeshaya 1:6 + 2 times; with suffix חַבֻּרָתִי Breishis 4:23; חֲבֻרָתוֹ Yeshaya 53:5; plural construct חַבֻּרוֹת Mishlei 20:30; with suffix חַבּוּרֹתָ֑י Tehillim 38:6:—stripe, blow, stroke, Breishis 4:23 my blow, that is for striking me, compare Shemos 21:25^(×2), also of injury to land of Judah (under figuratively of human body) Yeshaya 1:6 (all ‖ פֶּצַע, see below); of blows (singular coll.) inflicted on suffering servant of י׳ Yeshaya 53:5; (plural) Tehillim 38:6, חַבֻּרוֹת פֶּצַע Mishlei 20:30, that is blows that cut in (‖ מַכּוֹת).

חֶבְרוֹן

proper name (place) Hebron (association, league)—ח׳ Breishis 13:18 +; c. ה location חֶבְרוֹנָה Yehoshua 10:36 + 6 times; חֶבְרֹ֫נָה Shmuel Beis 2:1;—Septuagint Χεβρων; mod. El-Ḫalîl (see Robinson^{BR i. 213 f., ii. 73 ff.} Gutheérin^{Judée iii. 214 ff.}); ancient city in southern Judah, where (or near which) Abr. built an altar Breishis 13:18, and where was a sanctuary in Dvd.’s time Shmuel Beis 15:7, compare לפני י׳ בְּח׳ Shmuel Beis 5:3 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:3; built 7 yrs. bef. Ṣoan in Egypt according to Bamidbar 13:22 b; under a king Yehoshua 10:3, Yehoshua 10:5, Yehoshua 10:23 Yehoshua 12:10; assigned to Caleb Yehoshua 14:13, Yehoshua 14:14 (JED) Shoftim 1:20 yet see Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:40 (compare v Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:41); older name קִרְיַת (הָ)אַרְבַּע according to Yehoshua 14:15 (JED), compare Breishis 23:2; Breishis 35:27 Yehoshua 15:54; Yehoshua 20:7 (all P) Shoftim 1:10 b; see also Yehoshua 15:13; Yehoshua 21:11 (both P); called also מַמְרֵא Breishis 23:19 (and Breishis 35:27, both P); a city of refuge Yehoshua 21:13 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:42; עֵמֶק ח׳ Breishis 37:14; named elsewhere Bamidbar 13:22 a Yehoshua 10:36, Yehoshua 10:39; Yehoshua 11:21 (all D) Shoftim 1:10 a; Shoftim 16:3 Shmuel Beis 2:32; Shmuel Beis 15:9 Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:10; a resort of David, and for 7 yrs. his royal city Shmuel Alef 30:31 Shmuel Beis 2:1, Shmuel Beis 2:11; Shmuel Beis 3:2, Shmuel Beis 3:5, Shmuel Beis 3:19, Shmuel Beis 3:20, Shmuel Beis 3:22, Shmuel Beis 3:27, Shmuel Beis 3:32; Shmuel Beis 4:1, Shmuel Beis 4:8, Shmuel Beis 4:12^(×2); Shmuel Beis 5:1, Shmuel Beis 5:3, Shmuel Beis 5:13 Melachim Alef 2:11; Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:1, Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:4; Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:1, Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:3; Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:24, Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:39 (van d. H. v Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:23, Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:38) Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:27; read also perhaps for תחתו Shmuel Beis 3:12, SeptuagintL εἰς Χεβρων, compare Driver; seat of Absalom’s rebellion Shmuel Beis 15:10; עָרֵי ח׳ Shmuel Beis 2:3 abode of David’s men.

חֶבְרוֹן²

proper name (masc.) (Septuagint Χεβρων).

grandson of Levi Shemos 6:18; Bamidbar 3:19 (both P) = Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:28 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:3, Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:12, Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:19, compare Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:9.

name in Caleb’s family Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:42, Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:43.

חָבַשׁ

verb bind, bind on, bind up (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Assyrian abâšu, according to Delitzsch^{W 70}, ^{Pr 174}; Arabic حَبَسَ confine, restrict; yet on Assyrian ḫibšu ‘Kopfbinde’ (c. חֿ), etc., see Zehnpfund^{BAS i. 499, 526}; Aramaic ܚܒܰܫ; compare ܚܒܽܘܫܝܳܐ, חֲבוּשְׁיָא imprisonment, etc.)—

past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular וְחָבַשְׁתָּ֫ Shemos 29:9; 2nd masculine plural חֲבַשְׁתֶּם Yechezkel 34:4; future (עתיד) יַחֲבוֹשׁ Iyov 34:17; וַיַּחֲבֹשׁ Breishis 22:3 + 4 times; וִיַּחֲבָשׁ־ Melachim Alef 13:23; וְיֶחְבָּ֑שׁ Iyov 5:18; וַיַּחְבְּשֵׁנוּ Hoshea 6:1; 3rd feminine singular וַתַּחֲבֹשׁ Melachim Beis 4:24; אֶהֱבֹשׁ Yechezkel 34:16; cohort. אֶחְבְּשָׁה־ Shmuel Beis 19:27 (but comparebelow); וָאֶחְבְּשֵׁךְ Yechezkel 16:10; וַיַּחְבְּשׁוּ־ Melachim Alef 13:13; וַיַּחֲבֹ֑שׁוּ Melachim Alef 13:27; imperative (ציווי) חֲבֹשׁ Iyov 40:13; חֲבוֹשׁ Yechezkel 24:17; חִבְשׁוּ Melachim Alef 13:13, Melachim Alef 13:27; infinitive (מקור) construct חֲבֹשׁ Yeshaya 30:26; Yeshaya 61:1; לְחָבְשָׁהּ Yechezkel 30:21 (del. Co, compare Septuagint). participle (בינוני) active חֹבֵשׁ Yeshaya 3:7; passive חָבוּשׁ Yonah 2:6; חֲבוּשִׁים Shoftim 19:10; חֲבֻשִׁים Shmuel Beis 16:1 Yechezkel 27:24;—

bind, bind on:

headgear, with a direct object rei, לְ person Shemos 29:9 Vayikra 8:13 (both P); c. על person Yechezkel 24:17; passive of seaweeds clinging about head סוּף חָבוּשׁ לְרֹאשִׁי Yonah 2:6; c. with suffix person et בְּ rei וָאֶחְבְּשֵׁךְ Yechezkel 16:10 and I bound (or wound) about thee (that is thy head, Smend VB) שֵׁשׁ (in metaphorically of י׳’s care for Jerus.; ‖ אַלְבִּישֵׁךְ, אֶנְעֲלֵךְ); figuratively of punishment for wicked פְּנֵיהֶם חֲבֹשׁ בטמון Iyov 40:13 veil their faces in darkness (‖ טָמְנֵם בֶּעָפָר) see Dillmann

passive probably twined, twisted in חֲבָלִים חֲבֻשִׁים וַאֲרֻזִים Yechezkel 27:24, cords twisted and strong, see Smend Davidson. Especially

of equipping a beast for riding; ass, in direct object Breishis 22:3 Bamidbar 22:21 (both E), Shmuel Beis 17:23 & Shmuel Beis 19:27 (where however read לוֹ חָבְשָׁה־לִּי, so Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate Th Wellhausen Driver), Melachim Alef 2:40; Melachim Alef 13:13^(×2), Melachim Alef 13:23, Melachim Alef 13:27^(×2) (v Melachim Alef 13:27 b no dir. object expressed) Melachim Beis 4:24; passive, also of asses, Shoftim 19:10 Shmuel Beis 16:1.

figuratively = restrain, control (Germ. bändigen), absolute Iyov 34:17.

bind up, viz. a wound, usually in figuratively, of comforting the distressed, etc.; c. with suffix person Hoshea 6:1 (‖ רָכָּא, opposite הִכָּה); followed by לְ person לַחֲבֹשׁ לְנִשְׁבְּרֵי־לֵב Yeshaya 61:1; compare Yechezkel 34:4 (followed by לַנִּשְׁבֶּרֶת; ‖ חַזֵּק, רִפֵּא), v Yechezkel 34:16 (followed by the same; ‖ חִזֵּק); followed by direct object rei בְּיוֹם חֲבֹשׁ י׳ אֶת־שֶׁבֶר עַמּוֹ Yeshaya 30:26;Yeshaya 26 (‖ רָפָא); with a direct object of Pharaoh’s broken arm Yechezkel 30:21 (si vera l., see above; compare Pu.); absolute Iyov 5:18 (opposite הִכְאִיב; ‖ רָפָה = רָפָא); also Yeshaya 3:7 of repairing fortunes of people.

past (עבר) חִבֵּשׁ bind, restrain מִבְּכִי נהרות Iyov 28:11; participle (בינוני) מְחַבֵּשׁ bind up לְעַצְבוֹתָם Tehillim 147:3.

past (עבר) be bound up חֻבְּשָׁה Yechezkel 30:21 (metaphorically) Pharaoh’s broken arm; חֻבָּ֑שׁוּ Yeshaya 1:6 (wounds of land of Judah).

חָגָב

noun (masc.) ^{Koheles 12:5} locust, grasshopper (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; compare Targum), probably a non-flying species, see Kn in Dillmann Vayikra 11:22; הֶחָגָב allowed as food Vayikra 11:22 (P; ‖ אַרְבֶּה, סָלְעָם, חַרְגֹּל), כַּחֲגָבִים Bamidbar 13:33 (simile of insignificance), so Yeshaya 40:22; as agent of Yahweh’s wrath חָגָב לֶאֱכוֹל חארץ Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:13; וְיִסְתַּבֵּל הֶחָגָב Koheles 12:5 and the grasshopper shall be a burden; better shall stuff itself, grow fat (s. סבל); De thinks ח׳ here figuratively of the back part of the pelvic cavity (Arabic حَجَبَةٌ is point of hip-bone, Böttcher, compare Lane), and refers to stiffness of aged joints, so Nowack; but the meaning is dubious; see other views in commentaries

חָגָב²

proper name (masc.) head of a family of returning exiles Ezra 2:46 Septuagint Ἁγαβ (no ‖ in Nechemia 7 H; but SeptuagintL Nechemia 7:47 has both Αγαβ and Αγαβα, compare חֲגָבָא).

חֲגָבָא

proper name (masc.) head of a family of returnng exiles Nechemia 7:47, Septuagint Ἁγαβα (compare also foregoing) probably = following.

חֲגָבָה

proper name (masc.) head of a family of returning exiles Ezra 2:45, probably = foregoing; Septuagint Ἁγαβα.

חָגַג

verb make pilgrimage, keep a pilgrim-feast (Arabic حَجَّ betake oneself to or towards an object of reverence; make a pilgrimage to Mecca; Sabean חגג make pilgrimage Sabean Denkm^{86, compare 85}; Syriac ܚܰܓܺܝ celebrate a feast. In Palmyrene חגגו is proper name Vog^{Noldeke. 61}; compare also Phoenician proper name חגי, חגת);—

past (עבר) 2nd masculine plural חַגֹּתֶם Shemos 12:14 + 2 times; future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular תָּחֹג Shemos 23:14 Devarim 16:15; 3rd masculine plural יָח֫וֹגּוּ Tehillim 107:27 (Böttcher's Hebrew Grammar § 1118 (2)); וְיָחֹ֫גּוּ Shemos 5:1; 2nd masculine plural תָּחֹ֫גּוּ Vayikra 23:39, Vayikra 23:41; with suffix תְּהָגֻּ֫הוּ Shemos 12:14; imperative (ציווי) f. חָגִּי Nachum 2:1; infinitive (מקור) construct חֹג Zecharia 14:18 + 2 times; participle (בינוני) חוֹגֵג Tehillim 42:5; plural חֹגֲגִים Shmuel Alef 30:16;—

keep a pilgrim-feast, absolute Shemos 5:1 of one proposed by Moses; שׁלשׁ רגלים תחג לי three times shalt thou make pilgrimage unto me (in the year) Shemos 23:14 (covt. code); of pilgrim-feasts in general Nachum 2:1, the Passover Shemos 12:14; elsewhere feast of Booths; all celebrated in part by sacred processions and dances; המון חוגג Tehillim 42:5 multitude keeping festival (led by the Psalmist in procession); חגג חג Vayikra 23:39, Bamidbar 29:12, Nachum 2:1 Zecharia 14:16, Zecharia 14:18, Zecharia 14:19; חגג אתו חג Shemos 12:14, Vayikra 23:41; אתוֹ Vayikra 23:41; with suffix Shemos 12:14.

behave as at a חָג Shmuel Alef 30:16 (of the Amalekites when surprised by David that is enjoying themselves merrily, Driver; others, circling in the sacred dance).

reel, in giddiness on the sea Tehillim 107:27 (compare חָגָּא Yeshaya 19:17); this either points to an earlier meaning of √; or better, the ψ being late, means reel as from festival excesses (‖ וְיָנוּעוּ כַשִּׁכּוֹר).

חַג

noun (masc.) ^{Yeshaya 29:1} festival-gathering, feast, pilgrim-feast (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic ܚܰܓܳܐ, חַגָּא; Arabic حَجٌّ pilgrimage; Sabean חג D.H. Müller^{Epigr. Denkm. 31}; Noldeke^{ZMG 1887, 719}; Robertson Smith^{Proph. Lect. ii. n. 6}; > Wellhausen^{Skizzen iii. 106, 165} sacred dance)—חַג absolute and construct Shemos 10:9 + 36 times; חָ֑ג Bamidbar 28:17 + 13 times; with suffix חַגִּי Shemos 23:18; חַגֶּךָ֑ Devarim 16:14; חַגָּהּ Hoshea 2:13; חַגֵּנוּ Tehillim 81:4; plural חַגִּים Yeshaya 29:1 + 2 times; with suffix חַגַּיִךְ Nachum 2:1; חַגֵּיכֶם Amos 5:21 + 2 times;—

feast, especially one observed by a pilgrimage (Shemos 23:14, Shemos 23:17):

special feast to the golden calf Shemos 32:5 (J; where there was a sacred dance v Shemos 32:19); a feast in the 8th month observed by Jeroboam in place of the feast of the 7th month in Judah Melachim Alef 12:32, Melachim Alef 12:33; pilgrim feast proposed by Moses Shemos 10:9; feast at Shiloh Shoftim 21:19. Elsewhere

apparently always of the three great pilgrim feasts, celebrated by processions and dancing: (1) in general Yeshaya 30:29 Amos 8:10 Nachum 2:1; חגים ינקפו let feasts come round Yeshaya 29:1; ‖ עצרות Amos 5:21; חַג לי׳ Vayikra 23:41; disting. from the more generally מועדים (sacred seasons) Yechezkel 45:17; Yechezkel 46:11 Hoshea 9:5 (יום חג), and from specif. חדשׁים, שׁבתות as well, Hoshea 2:13; (2) in particular: unleavened cakes and Passover חג (ה)מצות Shemos 23:15 = Shemos 34:18; Vayikra 23:6, Devarim 16:16 Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:13; Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:13, Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:21; Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:17 Ezra 6:22; חג Shemos 12:14; first day of the seven Bamidbar 28:17; the last day Shemos 13:6; the seven Yechezkel 45:21, Yechezkel 45:23; חג חפסח Shemos 34:25, חגי Shemos 23:18 (both ); בַּכֶּסֶה לְיּוֹם חַגֵּנוּ Tehillim 81:4 (probably the full moon of Passover); חג הקציר Shemos 23:16 = חג שׁבעת Shemos 34:22, compare Devarim 16:10, Devarim 16:16 Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:13; חג האס(י)ף Shemos 23:16 = Shemos 34:22 = חג הסכ(ו)ת Vayikra 23:34, Devarim 16:13, Devarim 16:16; Devarim 31:10 Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:13 Ezra 3:4 Zecharia 14:16, Zecharia 14:18, Zecharia 14:19; also חג י׳ Vayikra 23:39, הֶחָג Melachim Alef 8:2, Melachim Alef 8:65 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 5:3; Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:8, Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:9, Yechezkel 45 Nechemia 8:14; חַגֶּךָ֑ (that is of people) Devarim 16:14; Devarim 16:7 days Bamidbar 29:12, Nechemia 8:18.—Vbs. c. חג are: חגג Vayikra 23:39, Vayikra 23:41, Shemos 12:14 Bamidbar 29:12, Nachum 2:1 Zecharia 14:16, Zecharia 14:18, Zecharia 14:19; שׁמר Shemos 23:15 = Shemos 34:18; התקדשׁ Yeshaya 30:29; but usually עשׂה Shemos 34:22, Devarim 16:10, Devarim 16:13 Melachim Alef 8:65; Melachim Alef 12:32, Melachim Alef 12:33 Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:8, Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:9; Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:13, Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:21; Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:17 Ezra 3:4; Ezra 6:22 Nechemia 8:18.

festival sacrifice (compare Mishnaic Hebrew חֲגִיגָה) Tehillim 118:27 (see מזבח 12); Malachi 2:3 (Revised Version after Gesenius' Thesaurus Ke and elsewhere: but Authorized Version Ewald Or feast).

חַגַּי

proper name (masc.) (festal; Phoenician חגי, חגת; Palmyrene חגגו Vog^{Noldeke. 61})—the prophet Haggai Chaggai 1:1, Chaggai 1:3, Chaggai 1:12, Chaggai 1:13; Chaggai 2:1, Chaggai 2:10, Chaggai 2:13, Chaggai 2:14, Chaggai 2:20 Ezra 5:1; Ezra 6:14; Septuagint Ἀγγαῖος.

חַגִּית

proper namef. (festal) wife of David and mother of Adonijah Shmuel Beis 3:4 Melachim Alef 1:5, Melachim Alef 1:11; Melachim Alef 2:13 Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:2; Septuagint Ἀγγιθ.

חָגְלָה

proper namef. (= partridge, see above)—a daughter of Ṣelophchad of Manasseh Bamidbar 26:33; Bamidbar 27:1; Bamidbar 36:11 Yehoshua 17:3 (all P); Septuagint Ἑγλα, A Αιγλα(μ). On proper name (place) בֵּית ח׳ see p. 111 b.

חָגַר

verb gird, gird on, gird oneself (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Aramaic חֲגַר; Arabic حَجَرَ hinder, restrain, so Syriac ܚܓܰܪ; Assyrian agâru, surround, in deriv., Delitzsch^{W 105 ff.}; Sabean מחגרת (compare Arabic مَحْجِرٌ, مَحَاجِر, enclosed space, district, etc.), D.H. Müller in Muhlau-Volck; also proper name dei and location חגר, Sabean Denkm^3.81.93 CIS^{iv. 1, Noldeke. 49} etc.)—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular חָֽגְרָה Mishlei 31:17; 2nd masculine singular וְהָגַרְתָּ֫ Shemos 29:9; 3rd plural חָֽגְרוּ Yeshaya 15:3 Eicha 2:10; וְח׳ consec. Yechezkel 7:18; Yechezkel 27:31; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַחְגֹּר Vayikra 16:4, וַיַּחְגֹּר Vayikra 8:7^(×2) + 4 times; with suffix יַחְגְּרֶ֑הָ Tehillim 109:19; 2nd masculine singular תַּחְגֹּר Tehillim 76:11 (but on text see below); 3rd masculine plural יַחְגְּרוּ Yechezkel 44:18 Shmuel Beis 22:46 (but on text of both see below), וַיַּחְגְּרוּ Shmuel Alef 25:13 Melachim Alef 20:32; Melachim Alef 20:3 fpl. תַּחְגֹּרְנָה Tehillim 65:13; 2nd masculine plural וַתַּחְגְּרוּ Devarim 1:41; imperative (ציווי) ms. חֲגֹר Melachim Beis 4:29; Melachim Beis 9:1, חֲגוֹר Tehillim 45:4; fs. חִגְרִי־ Yirmiya 6:26; mpl. חִגְרוּ Shmuel Alef 25:13 + 3 times; fpl. חֲגֹרְנָה Yirmiya 49:3, compare חֲג֖וֹרָה Yeshaya 32:11 (see below); infinitive (מקור) construct לַחֲגֹר Yeshaya 22:12; participle (בינוני) active חֹגֵר Melachim Alef 20:11 Melachim Beis 3:21; passive m. חָגוּר Shoftim 18:11 + 5 times; f. construct חֲגֻרַת־ Yoel 1:8; plural חֲגוּרִים Shemos 12:11 Shoftim 18:16; חֲגֻרִים Daniel 10:5;—

trans., gird some one, with girdle; c. 2 direct object Shemos 29:9 Vayikra 8:13 (both P); passive, girded with ephod (direct object) Shmuel Alef 2:18 Shmuel Beis 6:14; followed by בְּ Daniel 10:5, with a direct object and בְּ, figuratively Mishlei 31:17, חגרה בְּעוז מתניה Vayikra 8:7^(×2), with a direct object מתנים gird up thy loins, that is make ready to go Melachim Beis 4:29; Melachim Beis 9:1, passive Shemos 12:11; compare probably also חֲג֖וֹרָה עַל־חֲלָצָ֑יִם Yeshaya 32:11 gird upon the loins (2nd direct object om.); on verb. form as imperative (ציווי) fpl. see AE Ki Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 226 a Dillmann Duhm; > as ms. Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 234 a Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 48. 5 Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 591 d König's Hebrew Grammar § 20. 12.

gird on, bind on (= gird oneself with), a girdle Tehillim 109:19 (in simile); so especially with a direct object שׂק, שׂקים of mourning Yeshaya 15:3; Yeshaya 22:12 Eicha 2:10 Yechezkel 7:18; Yechezkel 27:31 Shmuel Beis 3:31 Yirmiya 4:8; Yirmiya 6:26; Yirmiya 49:3; also Melachim Alef 20:32 (with a direct object שׂק + ב bef. מתנים); passive, followed by על bef. object of mourning Yoel 1:8 (simile); absolute (שׂק om.) Yoel 1:13 (‖ ספדו); followed by חֶרֶב Shmuel Alef 25:13^(×3) Devarim 1:41; Tehillim 45:4 ח׳ חרב על יָרֵךְ, so Shoftim 3:16, Shmuel Alef 17:39 (followed by direct object + מֵעַל); with a direct object cogn. ח׳ חגורה Melachim Beis 3:21; absolute Melachim Alef 20:11; passive Shoftim 18:11, Shoftim 18:16, Shoftim 18:17 Shmuel Beis 20:8 b (where read חֶרֶב Klostermann Driver—not Wellhausen), Shmuel Beis 21:16; read perhaps also חָגוּר for חֲגוֹר Shmuel Beis 20:8 c, so Klostermann Driver.

intr. gird oneself, followed by בְּ rei Vayikra 16:4, so לֹא יַח׳ בַיָּ֑זַע they shall not gird themselves with sweat(?) Yechezkel 44:18 (del. Peshitta Co Sgfr); with a direct object rei (figuratively) גִּיל גְּבָעוֹת תַּח׳ Tehillim 65:13 with rejoicing the hills gird themselves; compare שְׁאֵרִית חֵמֹת תַּחְ׳ Tehillim 76:11 with a remnant (residue) of wraths thou girdest thyself, so Hitzig Hupfeld De VB; but very doubtful; Septuagint Böttcher; Ewald read תְּחָגֶּ֑ךָ for תַּחגר; Baethgen Ka omit line as corrupt; compare further Cheyne and crit. n.—וְיַחְגְּרוּ Shmuel Beis 22:46 is textual error for וְיַחְרְגוּ, compare ‖ Tehillim 18:46; so Nowack Hupfeld Kittel and elsewhere

חֲגוֹר

n.[m.] belt, girdle (distinct from אֵזוֹר waist-cloth, Cheyne ^{Je, in Pulpit commentaries (1883) 333; Jerem, Life and Times (1888) 161} Robertson Smith^{JQ Jan. 1882, 289 ff.})—חֲגוֹר for sword Shmuel Beis 20:8 (yet read probably חָגוּר, Th Wellhausen Klostermann Driver), compare Shmuel Alef 18:4; article of commerce Mishlei 31:24 (coll.? or of a richly adorned girdle?).

חֲגוֹרָה

noun (fem.) girdle loin-covering, belt—חֲגוֹרָה Yeshaya 3:24; חֲגֹרָה Shmuel Beis 18:11 Melachim Beis 3:21; with suffix חֲגֹרָתוֹ Melachim Alef 2:5; Pl. חֲגֹרֹת Breishis 3:7;—girdle, loin-covering Breishis 3:7; as article of women’s dress Yeshaya 3:24; belt of warrior Melachim Alef 2:5 Melachim Beis 3:21 (חֹגֵר ח׳), compare Shmuel Beis 18:11.—On חֲג֖וֹרָה Yeshaya 32:11 see חָגַר 1.

חַד²

Yechezkel 33:30 see אֶחָד.

חַד³

see under חדד.

חָדַד

verb be sharp, keen (Aramaic חֲדַד; Mishnaic Hebrew חִדֵּד sharpen; Arabic حَدَّ be sharp and sharpen; Assyrian uddudu, sharpen, Delitzsch^{Pr 174}; compare I. חָדָה)—

past (עבר) וְחַדּ֫וּ מִזְּאֵבֵי עֶרֶב consec. Chavakuk 1:8 are keener than evening wolves (of impetuous Chaldean horses).

הֵחֵד (Cheyne Or Brd) or יַחֵד (Näg compare Driver^{§ 123 a, R}), ins. Yeshaya 44:12 after Septuagint Peshitta: the smith sharpeneth an axe.

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular הוּחַדָּה Yechezkel 21:14, Yechezkel 21:15, Yechezkel 21:16 be sharpened (in all, subj. חֶרֶב).

הִתְאַחֲדִי Yechezkel 21:21.

חַד⁴

adjective sharp—only fs. חַדָּה, of חֶרֶב Yechezkel 5:1; in figuratively of tongue Tehillim 57:5; simile of mouth Yeshaya 49:2; figuratively of end of (that is final experience with) strange woman ח׳ כְּחֶרֶב פִּיּוֹת Mishlei 5:4 (‖ מָרָ֯ה כַלַּעֲנָה).—i. חַד see under אֶחָד.

חֲדַד

proper name (masc.) (on this and following compare Palmyrene proper name חדודן Vog^{Noldeke. 96}, Sabean חדד Hal²⁷);—a son of Ishmael Breishis 25:15 (compare Baer’s n.; van d. H. חֲדַר) Septuagint Χοδδαν, SeptuagintL Χοδδαδ; = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:30 Septuagint Χονδαν, A Χοδδαδ, SeptuagintL Αδαδ.

חָדִיד

proper name (place) in Benj., mentioned with לֹד and אוֹנוֹ Ezra 2:33 = Nechemia 7:36; with these and other places Nechemia 11:34; probably = Ἀδιδά The Book of Maccabees I (Kahana Translation) 12:38, Ἀδίδοις The Book of Maccabees I (Kahana Translation) 13:13; mod. El-Ḥadite c. 3 1/4 miles N. of E. from Lydda, Gutheérin^{Judée i. 320} (compare Robinson^{BR iii. 143}).

חָדָה

verb be or grow sharp;—

grow sharp, future (עתיד) apoc. = juss. יָ֑חַד Mishlei 27:17;

sharpen (figuratively), future (עתיד) apoc. יַ֫חַד Mishlei 27:17; בַּרְזֶל בְּבַרְזֶל יָ֑חַד וְאִישׁ יַחַד פְּנֵי־רֵעֵהוּ let iron by means of iron grow sharp, and let a man sharpen the countenance (presence, bearing) of his friend;—so Ki^{Michl. 126 a} De Nowack Konig^{Lgb i, 373 f.}, compare Strack. (who however makes both forms Hiph.)

חָדָה²

verb rejoice (Assyrian ḫadû Delitzsch^{Pr 153}; Aramaic ܚܕܳܐ, חֲדָא)—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיִּ֫חַדְּ Shemos 18:9, and Jethro rejoiced over (עַל rei); juss. אַל־יִ֫חַדְּ Iyov 3:6 let it not rejoice among (בְּ) the days of the year, that is not take its place joyfully among them (figuratively of day of Job’s birth).—Klostermann proposes וְלֹא חָדוּ … בְּ Shmuel Alef 6:19 for וַיַּךְ … בְּ compare also Driver

future (עתיד) with suffix (causat.) תְּחַדֵּהוּ בְשִׂמְחָה Tehillim 21:7 thou makest him joyful (Cheyne cheerest him) with gladness (‖ תְּשִׁיתֵהוּ בְרָכוֹת).

חָדַל

verb cease (Sabean חדל be negligent, Sabean Denkm.⁷⁶)—

past (עבר) חָדַל Breishis 18:11 + 4 times; וְחָדַל consec. Bamidbar 9:13 Tehillim 49:9; 2nd masculine singular וְחָדַלְתָּ֫ Shemos 23:5; plural חָֽדְלוּ Shoftim 5:6 + 4 times; חָדֵ֑לּוּ (compare Konig^{i, 243}) Shoftim 5:7 Shmuel Alef 2:5; 1st plural חָדַלְנוּ Yirmiya 44:18; future (עתיד) יֶחְדַּל Devarim 15:11 + (Iyov 10:20 Kesiv יחדל jussive > Keri וַחֲדָ֑ל imperative (ציווי)); אֶחְדָּ֑ל Shoftim 15:7 + 3 times; וְאַחְדְּלָה Iyov 16:6; plural יֶחְדָּ֑לוּ Yechezkel 2:5 + 2 times; יֶחְדָּלוּ֔ן Shemos 9:29; וַיַּחְדְּלוּ Breishis 11:8 Shemos 9:33, נֶחְדָּ֑ל Melachim Alef 22:15, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct חֲדֹל Shmuel Alef 12:23; imperative (ציווי) חֲדַל Shemos 14:12 +, etc.; חִדְלוּ Yeshaya 1:16; Yeshaya 2:22; חֲדָ֑לוּ Zecharia 11:12;—

cease, come to an end Shemos 9:29, Shemos 9:33, Shemos 9:34, Yeshaya 24:8; impers. חָדַל לִהְיוֹת לְשָׂרָה Breishis 18:11; cease to be Devarim 15:11 (followed by מִן), and poet. Shoftim 5:6, Shoftim 5:7^(×2) Shmuel Alef 2:5 Iyov 14:7; = be lacking, fail Iyov 19:14 Mishlei 10:19.

cease, leave off, followed by inf. c. לְ Breishis 11:8, Breishis 41:49, Bamidbar 9:13, Shmuel Alef 12:23; Shmuel Alef 23:13 Yirmiya 44:18; Yirmiya 51:30 Devarim 23:23 Tehillim 36:4 Mishlei 19:27 Rus 1:18; inf. alone Yeshaya 1:16; so also Hoshea 8:10, where read וְחָֽדְלוּ for וַיָּחֵלּוּ Septuagint Cheyne Wellhausen; followed by inf. c. מִן Shemos 23:5, Melachim Alef 15:21=Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:5; followed by noun c. מִן (cease regarding) Yeshaya 2:22 (but Cheyne Duhm and elsewhere treat see as interpol.; om. Septuagint), Shmuel Alef 9:5 Mishlei 23:4; followed by מֵאלהים Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:21, that is leave off provoking God; Shemos 14:12, followed by מִמֶּנּו desist from us, let us alone; Iyov 7:16; followed by direct object Iyov 3:17 ח׳ רֹגֶז; Iyov 14:6 have rest (that is cease from being troubled, see Dillmann; compare v Iyov 14:1); no complem. expressed, cease, forbear Shoftim 15:7; Shoftim 20:28 Amos 7:5 Melachim Alef 22:6, Melachim Alef 22:15 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:5, Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:14, Yirmiya 40:4; Yirmiya 41:8 Zecharia 11:12 Tehillim 49:9 Iyov 16:6 Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:16 Iyov 10:20 (but read here probably יְמֵי חֶלְדִּי Septuagint Peshitta Bi Budde Duhm); specif. of refusal to hear Yechezkel 2:5, Yechezkel 2:7; Yechezkel 3:11, Yechezkel 3:27 (all opposite שָׁמַע).

past (עבר) (contracted) c. interrog. particle הֶחֳדַלְתִּי Shoftim 9:9, Shoftim 9:11, Shoftim 9:13 should I be made to leave, followed by direct object (compare Konig^{i, 240 ff.}); but perhaps read הֶחָדַלְתִּי, Qal past (עבר) Stu Be, compare, for direct object followed by, Iyov 3:17.

חָדֵל

adjective forbearing, lacking, הֶחָדֵל as noun Yechezkel 3:27 he that forbeareth (opposite שׁמע, compare חָדֵל Qal ad fin.); construct חֲדַל אִישִׁים Yeshaya 53:3 lacking men (that is forsaken by them);—ceasing, transient מֶה־חָדֵל אָ֑נִי Tehillim 39:5, but read rather חֶלֶד, see Cheyne^{crit. n.}

חֶ֫דֶל

n.[m.] cessation, only יוֹשְׁבֵי חָ֑דֶל Yeshaya 38:11 (so Baer) inhabitants of (land of) cessation, that is of Sheʾôl; see Dillmann; but read rather חָ֑לֶד, see חֶלֶד.

חַדְלָ֑י

proper name (masc.) an Ephraimite, Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:12, Septuagint Χοαδ, A Αδδι, SeptuagintL Αδλι.

חֵ֫דֶק

n.[m.] brier (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic חִדְקָא Löw^{p. 147, Noldeke. 104}; compare Arabic حَدَقٌ a kind of nightshare, see Lane⁵³²);—טוֹבָם כְּחֵדֶק Micha 7:4 the best of them (si vera l.) is like the brier (‖ יָשָׁר מִמְּסוּכָה); דֶּרֶךְ עָצֵל כִּמְשֻׂכַת חָ֑דֶק Mishlei 15:19 the way of a sluggard is like a brier-hedge.

חִדֶּ֫קֶל

proper namefl. Tigris (Sum. Idigna, Assyrian Idiḳlat, Dillmannḳlat, O.-Pers. Tigrâ Spieg^{APK, Gloss.}, etc.), the famous Assyrian river; see especially Delitzsch^{Pa 110 f. 170 ff.}; ח׳ Breishis 2:14; חִדָּ֑קֶל Daniel 10:4.

חֶ֫דֶר

noun (masc.) Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:11 chamber, room (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Phoenician חדר, חדרת; Sabean חֿדר Mordt^{ZMG, 1876, 24}; Ethiopic ማኅደር ማኅደር is not ‘chamber’, but (from √ ኀደረ dwell) dwelling-place, abode, tent.) absolute חֶדֶר Shmuel Beis 13:10 + 11 times; הַחַ֫דְרָה Breishis 43:30 Melachim Alef 1:15; הֶחָ֑דְרָה Shoftim 15:1 Shmuel Beis 13:10; construct חֶ֫דֶר Shir HaShirim 3:4; חֲדַר Shemos 7:28 + 5 times; with suffix חֶדְרוֹ Yoel 2:16; plural חֲדָרִים Devarim 32:25 Mishlei 24:4; Mishlei 24:4; construct חַדְרֵי Mishlei 7:27 + 8 times; with suffix חֲדָרֶיךָ Yeshaya 26:20; חֲדָרָיו Shir HaShirim 1:4 Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:11;—room, chamber, usually private, as bedroom Breishis 43:30, Shoftim 15:1; Shoftim 16:9, Shoftim 16:12 Shmuel Beis 13:10^(×2) Melachim Alef 1:15 Shir HaShirim 1:4 Yeshaya 26:20; Shoftim 14:18 read probably הַחַדְרָה bridal-chamber for הַחַרְסָה Stade^{journal ZAW 1884, 253}, compare Yoel 2:16 (‖ חֻפָּתָהּ of bride), ח׳ הוֹרָתִי Shir HaShirim 3:4 (‖ בֵּית אִמִּי); of kings (of Egypt) Tehillim 105:30; specif.: ח׳ מִשְׁכָּב bed-chamber Shemos 7:28, Shmuel Beis 4:7 Melachim Beis 6:12 Koheles 10:20; other combinations:—ח׳ הַמְּקֵרָה Shoftim 3:24 = cool chamber; ח׳ הַפְּנִימִים Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:11 inner chamber; חדרי מַשְׂבִּיתוֹ Yechezkel 8:12 his chambers of imagery (del. Hitzig Co Sgfr.); ח׳ בְּח׳ a chamber within a chamber, that is an innermost chamber Melachim Alef 20:30; Melachim Alef 22:25 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:24, Melachim Beis 9:2; plural = store-rooms Mishlei 24:4; so ח׳ הַמִּטּוֹת Melachim Beis 11:2 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 22:11, that is room where beds were stored (Ke Th); metaphorically ח׳ מָ֑וֶת Mishlei 7:27 (‖ דַּרְכֵי שְׁאוֹל); חדרי תֵּמָן Iyov 9:9 chambers of south (where constellations are treasured up, see Dillmann; Hoffmann. thinks of proper name of star or constell.); compare Iyov 37:9 a chamber whence comes storm-wind (סוּפָה); חַדְרֵי בֶטֶן that is inner parts of body, only figuratively Mishlei 18:8 = Mishlei 26:22, Mishlei 20:27, Mishlei 20:30; in Devarim 32:25 מֵחֲדָרִים = within, poet. for מִבַּיִת, ‖ מִחוּץ without.

חַדְרָ֔ךְ

proper nameterr. only Zecharia 9:1 אֶרֶץ ח׳ (‖ דַּמֶּשֶׂק); perch. = Assyrian Ḫatarakka, Ḫatari(k)ka, a district near Damascus and Hamath; see Schrader^{Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament ad location}, Delitzsch^{Pa 279}.

חָדַשׁ

verb only Pi. (and Hithp.) renew, repair (poet. and late) (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Phoenician חדש; n. חדש new moon, also in קרתחדשת new-city = Carthage; Aramaic حَدَثَ and חַדֵּשׁ; Arabic ܚܰܕܶܬ be new, Ethiopic ሐደሰ i. 2. renew; Sabean החדתֿ, see Os (Levy)^{ZMG 1865, 204} Mordt^{ZMG 1876, 30}; Assyrian [adâšu], uddiš, renew, eššu, new, etc. Delitzsch^{W 199 ff.})—

past (עבר) וְחִדְּשׁוּ consec. Yeshaya 61:4; future (עתיד) וַיְחַדֵּשׁ Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:8; 2nd masculine singular תְּחַדֵּשׁ Iyov 10:17 Tehillim 104:30; וּנְחַדֵּשׁ Shmuel Alef 11:14; imperative (ציווי) חַדֵּשׁ Tehillim 51:12 Eicha 5:21; infinitive (מקור) לְחַדֵּשׁ Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:4, Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:12;—

renew, make anew הַמְּלוּכָה Shmuel Alef 11:14 (editorial); פני אדמה Tehillim 104:30, רוּחַ Tehillim 51:12 (‖ בּרא); = bring back יָמֵינוּ כְּקֶדֶם Eicha 5:21; ח׳ עדיך Iyov 10:17 that is bringest fresh (new) witnesses.

repair, cities Yeshaya 61:4, temple Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:4, Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:12, altar Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:8.

future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תִּתְחַדֵּשׁ c. plural subj. ת׳ כַּנֶּשֶׁר נְעוּרָ֑יְכִי Tehillim 103:5 thy youth reneweth itself, like the eagle.

חָדָשׁ

adjective new(on format. see Lg^{BN 48})—ח׳ absolute Shemos 1:8 + 19 times; f. חֲדָשָׁה Vayikra 23:16 + 19 times; plural חֲדָשִׁים Devarim 32:17 + 10 times; f. חֲדָשׁוֹת Yeshaya 42:9; Yeshaya 48:6;—new, usually

attrib. Shemos 1:8 a new king; so of house Devarim 20:5, Devarim 22, wife Devarim 24:5, cords Shoftim 15:13; Shoftim 16:11, Shoftim 16:12, cart Shmuel Alef 6:7 Shmuel Beis 6:3^(×2) (but del. in v b, compare Wellhausen Driver)=1 Ch; Divrei HaYamim Alef 13:7; garment Melachim Alef 11:29, Melachim Alef 11:30, vessel Melachim Beis 2:20, wine-skins Yehoshua 9:13 Iyov 32:19, threshing instr. Yeshaya 41:15; meal-offering Vayikra 23:16 Bamidbar 28:26; especially (poet.) שִׁיר ח׳ a new song (of praise) Tehillim 33:3; Tehillim 40:4; Tehillim 96:1; Tehillim 98:1; Tehillim 144:9 Tehillim 149:1 Yeshaya 42:10; בְּרִית ח׳ Yirmiya 31:31; שָׁמַיִם חדשׁים וארץ חדשׁה Yeshaya 65:17 compare Yeshaya 65:17 compare Yeshaya 66:22; שֵׁם ח׳ Yeshaya 62:2; רוּחַ ח׳ a new spirit Yechezkel 11:19; Yechezkel 18:31; Yechezkel 36:26, + לֵב ח׳ Yechezkel 18:31; Yechezkel 36:26; פֶּתַח שַׁעַר־י׳ הֶח׳ Yirmiya 26:10 new gate of (house of) י׳, compare Yirmiya 36:10 (see Graf Yirmiya 20:2); also הֶחָצֵר הַח׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:5 the new court (see Be Öt); אלהים חדשׁים Shoftim 5:8 new gods? judges? text probably corrupt, compare Noldeke^{ZMG 1888, 477}, Müll^{Königsb. Stud. i.}, GACooke^{Deb. 34 ff.} and conjunction by Budde^{Robertson Smith, 103}, Robertson Smith in Bla^Judges; in generally אֵין כָּל־ח׳ Koheles 1:9 there is nothing new; with no noun expr. חָגוּר חֲדָשָׁה Shmuel Beis 21:16 girt with a new (sword: but text perhaps corrupt, compare Wellhausen Klostermann Driver), of (food-)products of earth (opposite יָשָׁן) Vayikra 26:10 Shir HaShirim 7:14; חֲדָשִׁים Devarim 32:17 new ones (that is gods; ‖ מִקָּרֹב בָּאוּ); in generally f. חֲדָשָׁה a new thing Yeshaya 43:19 Yirmiya 31:22, fpl. Yeshaya 42:9 (opposite הָרִאשֹׁנוֹת), Yeshaya 48:6.

very rarely predicate: of י׳’s compassions חדשׁים לַבְּקָרִם Eicha 3:23 they are new every morning; כְּבוֹדִי ח׳ עִמָּדִי Iyov 29:20 my glory shall be fresh with me; רְאֵה זֶה ח׳ הוּא Koheles 1:10 see, this is new!

חֹ֫דֶשׁ

noun (masc.) Breishis 7:11 (f. Masoretic Text Breishis 38:24 but m. Sam Dillmann) (newness), new moon, month (on format. compare Lg^{BN 144}; on usage, names, etc., Muss-Arnolt^{JBL 1892, 72 ff., 160 ff.})—ח׳ absolute Breishis 7:11 +; construct (rare) Breishis 29:14 +; with suffix חָדְשׁוֹ Bamidbar 28:14 + 2 times; חָדְשָׁהּ Hoshea 2:13 Yirmiya 2:24; plural חֳדָשִׁים Breishis 38:24 +; construct חָדְשֵׁי Shemos 12:2 + 2 times; with suffix חֳדָשָׁיו Iyov 14:5 + 2 times; חָדְשֵׁיכֶם Yeshaya 1:14 Bamidbar 28:11; חָדְשֵׁכֶם Bamidbar 10:10;—

new moon=day, time, of new moon, as religious festival Shmuel Alef 20:5, Shmuel Alef 20:18, Shmuel Alef 20:24, Shmuel Alef 20:27, Shmuel Alef 20:34 (Driver); compare יֹאכְלֵם ח׳ Hoshea 5:7 a new moon shall devour them, Hitzig St VB, but on text see Wellhausen; usually ‖ שַׁבָּת Amos 8:5 Melachim Beis 4:23 Yeshaya 1:13 (+קְרֹא מִקְרָא), מִדֵּי חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֹ Yeshaya 66:23, Yechezkel 46:1, Yechezkel 46:6 (both יוֹם הַח׳), Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:31 Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:3; Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:13; Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:3 Nechemia 10:34 (all + מוֹעֵד), Hoshea 2:13 Yechezkel 45:17 (both + חג, מועד); ‖ מוֹעֵד alone Yeshaya 1:14 Yechezkel 3:5; ‖ יוֹם חַגֵּנוּ Tehillim 81:4; (compare רֹאשׁ הַח׳ Bamidbar 10:10; Bamidbar 28:11; on religious observance of new moon compare Dillmann Lv p. 578 f Benzinger^Archäol. ^{§ 69}); as time of augury in Babylon (astrolog. prognost.) Yeshaya 47:13.

month (as beginning with new moon, lunar month; compare Benzinger^Archäol. ^{§ 30}, but then, without ref. to day of beginning):

as measure of time during which Breishis 38:24, Bamidbar 11:20, Bamidbar 11:21, Bamidbar 9:22, Shoftim 11:37, Shoftim 11:38, Shoftim 11:39; Shoftim 20:47 Shmuel Alef 6:1; Shmuel Alef 27:7 Shmuel Beis 2:11; Shmuel Beis 5:5; Shmuel Beis 6:11; Shmuel Beis 24:8, Shmuel Beis 24:13 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:12, Amos 4:7 Melachim Alef 4:7; Melachim Alef 5:7, Melachim Alef 5:28^(×3); Melachim Alef 11:16 Melachim Beis 15:8; Melachim Beis 23:31; Melachim Beis 24:8 Yechezkel 39:12, Yechezkel 39:14 Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:4; Divrei HaYamim Alef 13:14 Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:2, Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:9 Esther 2:12^(×3). In Shmuel Alef 10:27 b read probably כְּמֵחֹרֶשׁ for Masoretic Text כמחרישׁ, and join to Shmuel Alef 11:1, so Septuagint Wellhausen Driver (compare Breishis 38:24); in combinatios, ח׳ יָמִים a month (of) time (compare יֶרַח ימים Devarim 21:1 Melachim Beis 15:23) Breishis 29:14, Bamidbar 11:20, Bamidbar 11:26, ימים ארבעה ח׳ Shoftim 19:2; of age מִסְפַּר־ח׳ number of his months=length of his life Iyov 14:5; Iyov 21:21; compare especially בֶּן־ח׳ Vayikra 27:6 Bamidbar 3:15, Bamidbar 3:22, Bamidbar 3:28, Bamidbar 3:34, Bamidbar 3:39, Bamidbar 3:40, Bamidbar 3:43; Bamidbar 18:16; Bamidbar 26:62 (all P).

calendar months, †(1) with names ח׳ הָאָבִיב Shemos 13:4; Shemos 23:15; Shemos 34:18^(×2) (all = 1st mo. Shemos 12:2 P), Devarim 16:11; ח׳ זִו Melachim Alef 6:1 (=2nd mo. ib.;=יֶרַח זִו v Melachim Alef 6:37); compare Melachim Alef 8:2 (הַח׳ הַשְּׁבִיעִי = יֶרַח הָאֵתָנִים), Melachim Alef 6:38 (הַח׳ הַשְּׁמִינִי = יֶרַח בּוּל); in the postex. books occur Babyl. names (see the several words):—ח׳ נִיסָן Nechemia 2:1 Esther 3:7 (= 1st mo. Esther 3:7); ח׳ סִיוָן Esther 8:9=3rd mo.; ח׳ כִּסְלֵו Zecharia 7:1 Nechemia 1:1 (=9th mo. Zecharia 7:1); ח׳ טֵבֵ֑ת Esther 2:16=10th mo.; ח׳ שְׁבָט Zecharia 1:7=11th mo.; ח׳ אֲדָר Esther 3:7, Esther 3:13; Esther 8:12; Esther 9:1 in all=12th mo., Esther 9:15, Esther 9:17, Esther 9:19, Esther 9:21; (compare also אֱלוּל Nechemia 6:15, without ח׳ or יֶרַח; this was 6th mo.; see further Schrader^{Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament} Nechemia 1:1 Benzinger^l.c.).† (2) merely numbered (chiefly P and late) for example בַּח׳ הַשֵּׁנִי Breishis 7:11, compare Breishis 8:4, Breishis 8:5, Breishis 8:14 Vayikra 16:29 Bamidbar 1:1, Bamidbar 1:18 (all P) + often P; Devarim 1:3, Melachim Alef 12:32, Melachim Alef 12:33; Melachim Beis 25:1, Melachim Beis 25:3, Melachim Beis 25:8, Melachim Beis 25:25, Melachim Beis 25:27 Yirmiya 1:3 + 11 times Je, Yechezkel 24:1; Yechezkel 32:1 Chaggai 1:1, Chaggai 1:15 Zecharia 1:1; Zecharia 7:1, Zecharia 7:3; Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:15, compare entire list Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:2-15 Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:2 + 12 times 2 Ch; Ezra 3:1 + 10 times Ezr; Nechemia 7:71; Nechemia 8:2, Nechemia 8:14 Esther 3:12; note especially הַח׳ הַזֶּה לָכֶם רֹאשׁ חָדָשִׁ֑ים רִאשׁוֹן הוּא לָכֶם Shemos 12:2, as implying that the 1st mo. was formerly not in the spring; observe also usage of omitting ח׳, for example בָּרִאשׁוֹן = בַּח׳ הָר׳ Breishis 8:13, compare v Breishis 8:5; so commonly in Ezek.:—Yechezkel 1:1; Yechezkel 8:1; Yechezkel 20:1; Yechezkel 29:1, Yechezkel 29:17; Yechezkel 30:20; Yechezkel 31:1; Yechezkel 33:21; Yechezkel 45:18, Yechezkel 45:21, Yechezkel 45:25 + Yechezkel 26:1; Yechezkel 32:17; Yechezkel 45:20 Co(ח׳ sometimes expr., see Yechezkel 24:1; Yechezkel 32:1 above; on like usage with יום see יום). (3) special phrases and usages are:— †עֹלַת חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֹ לְחָדְשֵׁי שָׁנָה Bamidbar 28:14 (P; compare יום, and Yeshaya 66:23 above 1); מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם וּמֵחֹדֶשׁ לְחֹדֶשׁ Esther 3:7 from day to day and from month to month; חָדְשָׁהּ Yirmiya 2:24 of wild she-ass’s mating time.†

חֹ֫דֶשׁ²

proper namef. a wife of Shaharaim of Benj. Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:9, Septuagint Ἁδα, SeptuagintL Βαδαα (so v Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:8 = בַּעֲרָה).

חָדְשִׁי

in proper name (place) אֶרֶץ תַּחְתִּים ח׳ Shmuel Beis 24:6, read א׳ הַחִתִּים קֵדְשָׁה see Hitzig^{Gesch. Isr. i. 29}, SeptuagintL εἰς γῆν Χεττιειμ Καδης; compare Driver^{ad location} and (in part) Klostermann; see also קֵדֶשׁ.

חוֹב

n.[m.] debt (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic ܚܰܘܒܳܐ, חוֹבָא);—חֲבֹלָתוֹ ח׳ יָשִׁיב Yechezkel 18:7 his pledge as to indebtedness he restores, see Hitzig-Smend Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 291 b Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 131 R 5, b Konig^{Lgb. i. 497 f.} and compare Driver^{§ 193} (but construct hard: Co שׁוֹב; dittogr. from חבל׳ Bev Daniel 1:10, compare v Daniel 1:12, Daniel 1:16).

חוֹבָה

proper name (place) Breishis 14:15, north of Damascus; mod. Ḫoba, 20 hours N. of Dam., according to Wetzstein ^{Del Gn. ed. 4, 561 ff.} so Dillmann.

חוּג

verb draw round, make circle (Aramaic ܚܳܓ circumivit; n. ܚܽܘܓܬܳܐ, חוּגְתָּא, circle, vault of heavens)

past (עבר) חֹק חָג על־פני מים Iyov 26:10 (compare Mishlei 8:27), hath drawn as circle bound, of horizon-line.

חוּג²

n.[m.] vault, horizon; of the heavens, sea and earth חוּג שׁמים התהלך Iyov 22:14; בְּחֻקֿוֹ חוּג על־פני תהום Mishlei 8:27 (compare חקק on p. 349a); היֹשֵׁב עַל־חוּג הארץ Yeshaya 40:22.

חִידָה

noun (fem.) riddle, enigmatic, perplexing saying or question;—absolute ח׳ Shoftim 14:12 + 6 times; with suffix חִידָתִי Shoftim 14:18 Tehillim 49:5; חִידָֽתְךָ Shoftim 14:13; plural absolute חִידוֹת Melachim Alef 10:1 + 4 times; חִידֹת Bamidbar 12:8; with suffix חִידֹתָם Mishlei 1:6;—

riddle = dark, obscure utterance Bamidbar 12:8 (opposite פֶּה־אֶל־פֶּה and מַרְאֶה); of something put indirectly and needing interpretation;—an allegory חוד ח׳ Yechezkel 17:2 (‖ מְשֹׁל מָשָׁל); allegor. and figuratively sayings Mishlei 1:6 (‖ מְלִיצָה מָשָׁל and דִּבְרֵי חֲכָמִים); enigmat. sentences and comparisons, declaring fate of Chaldeans Chavakuk 2:6 (+ מְלִיצָה; ‖ מָשָׁל), perplexing moral problem Tehillim 49:5 (c. פָּתַח open, propound; ‖ מָשָׁל), a lesson taught indirectly Tehillim 78:2 (ח׳ מִנִּי קֶדֶם, c. הִבִּיעַ; ‖ מָשָׁל).

riddle, enigma, to be guessed, in Shoftim 14:

with verb חוּד Shoftim 14:12, Shoftim 14:13, Shoftim 14:16 propound a riddle.

with verb הִגִּיד tell (give answer to) a riddle Shoftim 14:14, Shoftim 14:15, Shoftim 14:17, Shoftim 14:19.

with verb מצא find out a riddle Shoftim 14:18.

perplexing questions by which queen of Sheba put Sol. to the test (נִסָּה) Melachim Alef 10:1 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:1.

with הֵבִין skilled in double-dealing Daniel 8:23 (Bev).

חוּד

verbdenom. propound a riddle;—

past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular חַדְתָּה Shoftim 14:16; future (עתיד) אָח֫וּדָה Shoftim 14:12; imperative (ציווי) (חִידָה וּמְשֹׁל מָשָׁל) חוּד Yechezkel 17:2; חוּ֫דָה Shoftim 14:13; always c. חידה direct object cogn.

חַוָּה

proper namef. (life, vid. Dillmann Breishis 3:20; > Wellhausen^{Prol. 1886, 322; Skizzen iii. 217} after Noldeke who suggests serpent as poss. meaning, compare Arabic حَيَّةٌ; but Robertson Smith^{K 177} ‘mother of every ḥayy,’ see ii. חַי under חיה)—Breishis 3:20 and the man called his wife חַוָּ֑ה, because she was אֵם כָּל־חָֽי׃; compare ח׳ אִשְׁתּוֹ Breishis 4:1 (both J).—ii. חַוָּה village, see below under ii.חוה.

חַוָּה²

noun (fem.) tent-village—Pl. חַוֹּתֵיהֶם Bamidbar 32:41, compare Dillmann. Elsewhere in cpd. appellative, almost = proper name חַוֹּת יָאִיר Devarim 3:14 Yehoshua 13:30, Shoftim 10:4 Melachim Alef 4:13 Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:23.—i. חַוָּה proper namef. see above

חָוָה

verb only Pi. (poet. & late), tell, declare (Aramaic ܚܰܘܺܝ, חַוֵּי)—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְחַוֶּה־ Tehillim 19:3; 1st singular אֲחַוֶּה Iyov 32:10, Iyov 32:17; with suffix אֲחַוְךָ Iyov 15:17, אֲחַוֶּךָּ Iyov 36:2; infinitive (מקור) construct חַוֹּת;—declare, make known, with a direct object דָּ֑עַת Tehillim 19:3 (subj. לַיְלָה, followed by לְלַיְלָה; ‖ יַבִּיעַ אֹמֶר); with a direct object דֵּעִי Iyov 32:10, Iyov 32:17; c. 2 direct object וָאִירָא מֵחַוֹּת דֵּעִי אֶתְכֶם Iyov 32:6, followed by with suffix person + object cl., וַאֲחַוֶּ֑ךָּ כִּי־עוֹד לֶאֱלוֹהַּ מִלִּֽים׃ Iyov 36:2 and I will shew thee that (there are) yet words for God; followed by with suffix person only Iyov 15:17;—read probably also וַאֲחַוֶּה for וַאֲקַוֶּה Tehillim 52:11 Hitzig Cheyne and elsewhere

חוֹזָ֑י

Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:19 see under חזה.

חוֹחַ

noun (masc.) ^{Melachim Beis 14:9} 1. brier, bramble. 2. hook, ring, fetter;—ח׳ absolute Hoshea 9:6 + 8 times; plural חֲוָחִים Shmuel Alef 13:6 (but see below), חוֹחִים Shir HaShirim 2:2; חֹחִים Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:11;—

brier, bramble Melachim Beis 14:9^(×2) = Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:18^(×2) (allegory of Jehoash); coll., sign of desolation Hoshea 9:6 (‖ קִמּוֹשׁ), Yeshaya 34:13 (‖ קִמּוֹשׁ, סִירִים), Iyov 31:40 (opposite חִטִּים); in simile of fool’s parable ח׳ עָלָה בְּיַד־שִׁכּוֹר Mishlei 26:9 a brier cometh into the hand of a drunken man (De Nowack Strack); כְּשׁוֹשַׁנָּה בֵּין הַחוֹחִים Shir HaShirim 2:2; briers = thickets as hiding-places Shmuel Alef 13:6 (but Ewald Wellhausen Driver חוֹרִים holes, compare Shmuel Alef 14:11; see under iii. חרר; ‖ מְעָרוֹת, סְלָעִים, צְרִחִים, בֹּרוֹת; Septuagint here ἐν τ. μάνδραις; Shmuel Alef 14:11 ἐκ τ. τρωγλῶν).

late,

hook or ring, in jaw of crocodile c. תִּקֹּב Iyov 40:26 (‖ הֲתָשִׂים אַגְמֹן בְּאַפּוֹ); of captive וַיִּלְכְּדוּ אֶת־מְנַשֶּׁה בַּחֹחִים Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:11 (compare חַח).

חוּט

noun (masc.) ^{Yehoshua 2:18} thread, cord, line (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic خَيْطٌ, Aramaic ܚܽܘܛܳܐ, חוּטָא)—ח׳ absolute Breishis 14:23 + 2 times; construct Yehoshua 2:18 + 3 times;—

thread, as easily broken Shoftim 16:12 (simile); as composing a rope or cord; תִּקְוַת ח׳ הַשָּׁנִי הַזֶּה Yehoshua 2:18 this cord of scarlet thread (literally the cord of this thread of scarlet); probably also מִחוּט וְעַד שְׂרוֹךְ נַעַל Breishis 14:23 from a thread to a sandal-thong; in simile כְּח׳ הַשָּׁנִי Shir HaShirim 4:3 like a thread of scarlet are thy lips.

cord, הַח׳ הַמְּשֻׁלָּשׁ Koheles 4:12 a three-fold cord.

line, as measure of length Melachim Alef 7:15 and a line of twelve cubits surrounded (that is would surround) it (compare קָו v Melachim Alef 7:23), so Yirmiya 52:21.

חֲוִילָה

proper nameterr. (√ doubtful Delitzsch^{Pa 12} suggests חוֹל sand-land, dunes, as Hebrew popular etym., Muhlau-Volck¹¹ give it as actual etym.; Stade^{ThLZ Apr. 28, 1894, 235} compares this, as well as חוֹל sand, with Arabic وَحَلٌ soft mud, [damp sand])—אֶרֶץ הַחֲוִילָה Breishis 2:11 (surrounded or bordered—סבב—by river Pishon; noted for excellent gold, bdellium and shoham-stone); elsewhere without art. חֲוִילָה Breishis 10:7 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:9 as a ‘son’ of Cush (between סְבָא and סַבְתָּה); but also as a ‘son’ of יָקְטָן, a descendant of Shem Breishis 10:29 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:23 (between אוֹפִיר and יוֹבָב); מֵח׳ עַד־שׁוּר Breishis 25:18 said of limits of Ishmaelitish territory; compare same limits of Amalek Shmuel Alef 15:7 (but doubtful; Wellhausen reads טֵילָם, compare v Shmuel Alef 15:4 and vid. Driver; Glaser^{Skizze ii, 326} reads חֲכִילָה as Shmuel Alef 23:19; Shmuel Alef 26:1, Shmuel Alef 26:3).—Most have supposed several regions named ח׳ to be indicated in these passages:—for example Gesenius' Thesaurus 1. Arabian shore of Pers. Gulf Breishis 10:29 etc. 2. Ethiopian coast Breishis 10:7 etc. 3. India Breishis 2:11 (regarded as indef. extension of 1). Dillmann Breishis 10:7 distinguishes 1 and 2 either as quite distinct, or as different settlements of one great people, and (on Breishis 2:14) thinks that כל ארץ ח׳ Breishis 2:11 implies vague extension eastward. Delitzsch^{Pa 12 ff. 57 ff.} identif. ח׳ in all passages with NE. part of Syrian desert, so E. Meyer^{Gesch. Alterth. i. 224}; Glaser^{Skizze ii. 323 ff.} with central and NE. Arabia. The question is still undecided.

חוּל

[חִיל] verb whirl, dance, writhe (Mishnaic Hebrew, Aramaic the same, dance; Arabic حَاَل change, turn; Assyrian ḫîlu, writhe in fear Delitzsch^{Pr 191} (on ḫ = ح see D.H. Müller^{ZK i. 357}); on form of Hebrew verb see Noldeke^{ZMG, 1883, 536})—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular חָ֫לָה Micha 1:12 + 2 times; וְחָלָה֫ consec. Hoshea 11:6; חַלְתִּי Yeshaya 23:4; חָ֫לוּ Yirmiya 5:3 (but see below), Eicha 4:6; וְחָלוּ֫ Devarim 2:25; חַ֫לְנוּ Yeshaya 26:18; future (עתיד) יָחוּל Yirmiya 23:19; Yirmiya 30:23; 3rd feminine singular תָּחוּל Yechezkel 30:16 Keri (Kesiv Co תחיל); וַתָּחֹ֑ל Yirmiya 51:29; אחולה Yirmiya 4:19 Kesiv (Keri אוֹחִילָה, Hiph. יחל); יָחֻ֫לוּ Shmuel Beis 3:29; but also יָחִיל Tehillim 55:5 (Iyov 20:21 see ii. חול); וַיָּ֫חֶל Shmuel Alef 31:3 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 10:3 + Breishis 8:10 (where read probably וַיִּיָּ֫חֶל as v Breishis 8:12; = וַיְיַחֵל Olshausen Dillmann); 3rd feminine singular תָּחִיל Yeshaya 26:17 + 2 times + Yechezkel 30:16 Kesiv (compare above); וַתָּ֑חֶל Tehillim 97:4; 2nd feminine singular תְּחִלִין Yeshaya 45:10; יָחִילוּ Tehillim 77:17 = 3 times (Tehillim 10:5 see ii. חול); וַיָּחִ֫ילוּ Shoftim 3:25; וַחִילוּן Yeshaya 13:8; תָּחִ֫ילוּ Yirmiya 5:22; imperative (ציווי) fs. חוּ֫לִי Micha 4:10 Tehillim 114:7; mpl. חִילוּ Tehillim 96:9 Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:30; infinitive (מקור) construct (לָ)חוּל Shoftim 21:21 Yechezkel 30:16 (= infinitive (מקור) absolute); participle (בינוני) fs. חוֹלָה Yirmiya 4:31 vid. Graf Giesebrecht and Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 72 R.1.;—

dance Shoftim 21:21 (לָחוּל בַּמְּחֹלוֹת Tehillim 96:9).

twist, writhe:

in pain, especially childbirth Yeshaya 26:17; Yeshaya 45:10 מַה־תח׳ (‖ מה־תוליד); metaphorically, of sea Yeshaya 23:4 (‖ ילד); Israel Yeshaya 26:18 (‖ הרה), Yeshaya 54:1 (‖ ילד); Zion Yeshaya 66:7, Yeshaya 66:8 (‖ the same), Micha 4:10 (‖ גֹּ֫חִי, simile כיולדה; compare see Yeshaya 66:9), Yirmiya 4:31.

figuratively, be in severe pain, or anguish (mostly poet. and elevated prose), followed by מפני Devarim 2:25 (‖ רגז, compare also פַּחַד and יִרְאָה v a); Yechezkel 30:16 Yirmiya 5:22 (‖ ירא); followed by מִלִּפְנֵי Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:30 Tehillim 114:7; absolute Tehillim 55:5 (‖ אימות מָוֶת נפלו עלי), Yirmiya 4:19 Kesiv, Tehillim 77:17 (‖ רגז) Tehillim 97:4 Yeshaya 13:8; Yeshaya 23:5 Yirmiya 51:29 (‖ רָעַשׁ), Yoel 2:6 Zecharia 9:5 (‖ ירֵא), probably also Shmuel Alef 31:3 (compare Shmuel Alef 28:5) = Divrei HaYamim Alef 10:3, compare Öt; figuratively of mts. Chavakuk 3:10.

in contrition Yirmiya 5:3, חָ֫לוּ der. from חול Ewald Graf Giesebrecht; < Peshitta Ra Hi Ke al. from חלה (wrongly accented; vid. חלה Qal 2).

in anxious longing עַד בּוֹשׁ Shoftim 3:25, followed by לְ Micha 1:12 (on Breishis 8:10, compare above)

whirl, whirl about עַל־רֹאשׁ יוֹאָב (that is blood—דמים—of Abner, from sword) Shmuel Beis 3:29; of attach of sword itself Hoshea 11:6 (‖ כִּלָּה, אכל), compare Eicha 4:6 לא חָ֫לוּ בה ידים; of tempest על ראשׁ רשׁעים יחול Yirmiya 23:19 (v a סער מִתְחוֹלֵל) = Yirmiya 30:23 (v a סַעַר מִתְגּוֹרֵר).

future (עתיד) יְחוֹלֵל Tehillim 29:9; 3rd feminine singular תְּחוֹלֵל Mishlei 25:23; with suffix תְּחוֹלֶלְכֶם Yeshaya 51:2; 2nd masculine singular תְּחוֹלֵל Iyov 35:14; וַתְּחוֹלֵל Tehillim 90:2; infinitive (מקור) construct חֹלֵל Iyov 39:1; participle (בינוני) מְחוֹלֵל Mishlei 26:10; מְחֹלֶלְךָ Devarim 32:18; מְחֹלְלוֹת Shoftim 21:23;—Shmuel Alef 18:6 Tehillim 87:7 v below; on Yeshaya 51:9 and Iyov 26:13 see I. חלל;—

dance Shoftim 21:23, so perhaps also Shmuel Alef 18:6 (read חַמְּחֹלְלוֹת Septuagint Wellhausen Driver; and חֹלֲלִים pt. (מ om.) Tehillim 87:7 Revised Version Pe De Cheyne Baethgen; compare Qal 1).

writhe in travail with, bear, bring forth (poet.), of Sarah, mother of Isr., Yeshaya 51:2 (‖ אַבְרָהָם אֲבִיכֶם); of hinds Iyov 39:1 Tehillim 29:9 (caus.); figuratively of י׳’s producing earth Tehillim 90:2 (‖ יֻלָּד֑וּ); of his bringing forth Isr. (with difficulty, see Dillmann) Devarim 32:18; of north wind bringing forth rain Mishlei 25:23; רַב מְחוֹלֵל כֹּ֑ל Mishlei 26:10 a master produceth everything (on trans. see VB; Ewald. and elsewhere derive from חלל wound).

wait anxiously (compare Qal 2 d), followed by לְ Iyov 35:14 (Elihu).

past (עבר) חוֹלָ֑לתִּי Tehillim 51:7 + 2 times; חוֹלָ֑לְתָּ Iyov 15:7; future (עתיד) יְחוֹלָ֑לוּ Iyov 26:5;—

be made to writhe Iyov 26:5 (הָֽרְפָאִים).

be brought forth Iyov 15:7 (‖ תִּוָּלֵד), Tehillim 51:7 (‖ יחם), metaphorically of wisdom Mishlei 8:24, Mishlei 8:25.

future (עתיד) יָחִיל Tehillim 29:8^(×2) cause to be in anguish, with a direct object מִדְבָּר, subj. י׳. Hoph. future (עתיד) יוּחַל Yeshaya 66:8 be born (= travailed with, Cheyne), subj. אֶרֶץ (‖ יִוָּלֵד גוי).

participle (בינוני) מִתְחוֹלֵל whirling סַעַר מתח׳ Yirmiya 23:19 (= סער מִתְגּוֹרֵר Yirmiya 30:23).

writhing, suffering torture Iyov 15:20 (of life of wicked).

imperative (ציווי) הִתְחוֹלֵל Tehillim 37:7 wait longingly followed by לְ for, ‖ דּוֹם.

future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular וַתִּתְחַלְחַל Esther 4:4 and she writhed in anxiety.

חוֹל

noun (masc.) ^{Hoshea 2:1} sand (perhaps as turning or whirling; otherwise explained by Stade, vid. under חֲוִילָה; Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Aramaic חָלָא, ܚܳܠܴܐ )—ח׳ absolute Breishis 22:17 + 15 times; construct Breishis 32:13 + 6times;—sand Shemos 2:12; set as bound for sea Yirmiya 5:22; שְׂפֻנֵי טמוני ח׳ Devarim 33:19 hidden treasures of sand, poet. for glass (regarded as mysteriously produced out of sand, see Dillmann and reff.);

usually sand of seashore, simile of numberlessness, vastness, so of Abraham’s seed Breishis 22:17 (J; compare Breishis 15:5); Jacob’s Breishis 32:13; of a host Yehoshua 11:4, Shoftim 7:12 Shmuel Alef 13:5 Shmuel Beis 17:11; a people Melachim Alef 4:20 Hoshea 2:1 Yeshaya 10:22; Yeshaya 48:19 (‖ וְצֶאֱצָאֵי מֵעֶיךָ בִּמְעֹתָ֑יו), Yirmiya 33:22 Chavakuk 1:9; of corn gathered by Joseph Breishis 41:49; of days of Job Iyov 29:18 (on interpr. = phœnix, vid. Dillmann); of birds עוף כנף (that is quails) Tehillim 78:27 (‖ כֶּעָפָר); of vast extent of Sol.’s wisdom Melachim Alef 5:9.

in comp., more than the sand Yirmiya 15:8 (widows of Judah); thoughts of God Tehillim 139:18.

of weight (in balances), metaphorically of Job’s vexation (כַּעַשׂ) Iyov 6:3 heavier than the sand, compare וְנֵטֶל הַחוֹל Mishlei 27:3 (‖ כֹּבֶד אֶבֶן), said of כַּעַס אֱוִיל.—Combinations are: כח׳ אשׁר על שׂפת הים Breishis 22:17 Yehoshua 11:4 Shmuel Alef 13:5 Melachim Alef 5:9; כח׳ הַיָּם Breishis 32:13; Breishis 41:49 Yeshaya 10:22 Hoshea 2:1 (+ אשׁר לא יִמַּד ולא יִסָּפֵר); ח׳ הַיָּם Yirmiya 33:22; כח׳ שֶׁעַל־שׂפת הים לרב Shoftim 7:12; כח׳ אשׁר־על־הים לרב Shmuel Beis 17:11 Melachim Alef 4:20; (ם)חול יַמִּים Iyov 6:3 Tehillim 78:27 Yirmiya 15:8.

חִיל

noun (masc.) ^{Shemos 15:14} a writhing, anguish;—ח׳ absolute Shemos 15:14 + 5 times—

writhing (contortions of fear) Shemos 15:14 (‖ verb רָגַז).

anguish, always in simile כַּיּוֹלֵדָה Tehillim 48:7 (allied kings against Jerus.); Zion, before Assyrians Micha 4:9; before Scythians or Chaldeans Yirmiya 6:24 (‖ צָרָה), = Yirmiya 50:43 (of king of Babylon; ‖ צָרָה); Yirmiya 22:23 (‖ חבלים q.see)

חִילָה

noun (fem.) anguish, Iyov 6:10.

חֵל

noun (masc.) ^{Ovadia 1:20} rampart, fortress (perhaps orig. surrounding wall, compare Sabean Denkm ^{91 n.2})—absolute חֵיל Nachum 3:8, חֵל Eicha 2:8 + 3 times (+ Tehillim 10:10 Keri see חלכה); construct חֵל Melachim Alef 21:23; with suffix חֵילֵךְ Tehillim 122:7, חֵילָהּ Zecharia 9:4; חֵילָה = חֵילָהּ Tehillim 48:11, Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 40 c. 75 g. 96 e Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 347 c;—

rampart (defined by Jews as בֶּן חוֹמָה, that is a little wall, compare Ki s.see), of an outer fortification Shmuel Beis 20:15 (others, by meton., of space between outer and inner fortif., incl. moat, see Driver Kittel); Yeshaya 26:1 Eicha 2:8 (both ‖ חוֹמוֹת); in generally of defences, or sea-power of Tyre וְהִכָּה בַיָּם חֵילָהּ Zecharia 9:4 (see Stade^{journal ZAW i. 1881, 15}), of Noldeke-Amon (Thebes) אֲשֶׁר חֵיל יָם מִיָּם חוֹמָתָהּ Nachum 3:8; of Zion Tehillim 122:7, also Tehillim 48:14 (חילה = חֵילָהּ, compare above; both ‖ ארמנותיך).—For חֵל Melachim Alef 21:23 read probably חֵלֶק, q.see

fortress גָּלֻת הַחֵל הַזֶּה Ovadia 1:20 the exiles of this fortress (Hitzig-St; Or AVRV this army, חֵל = חַיִל).

חֵילָם

proper name (place) E. of Jordan Shmuel Beis 10:16 (Th their army, but Septuagint Peshitta I Ewald^{Gesch. iii. 211 Anm. 1 = H iii. 155 n.2} Wellhausen Driver) = חֵלָ֑א‌֯מָה v Shmuel Beis 10:17 (Septuagint Αιλαμ); + חילם Yechezkel 47:16 (Septuagint Ηλιαμ) Co; according to this it lay on the border between Damascus and Hamath.

חֹלוֹן

proper name (place)

in Moab חֹלוֹן Yirmiya 48:21 (Septuagint Χελων, Χαιλων.

in Judah חֹלֹן Yehoshua 15:51 (Septuagint Χαλου, SeptuagintL Χειλου); priestly city Yehoshua 21:15 (Septuagint Γελλα, SeptuagintL Ιλων) = חִילֵן Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:43 (SeptuagintL Χελων).

חֵלֹן

proper name (masc.) a man of Zebulon Bamidbar 1:9; Bamidbar 2:7; Bamidbar 7:24, Bamidbar 7:29; Bamidbar 10:16 (Septuagint Χαιλων, SeptuagintL Χελων).

חַלְחָלָה

noun (fem.) anguish, מָֽלְאוּ מָתְנַי ח׳ Yeshaya 21:3, ח׳ בכל מתנים Nachum 2:11; Yechezkel 30:4, Yechezkel 30:9 (‖ החריד).

חול

verb be firm, strong (Aramaic Pa. Strengthen, חֵילָא, ܚܰܝܠܴܐ strength; Palmyrene רב חילא רבא general-in-chief Vog^{Noldeke. 28} and elsewhere; Sabean חֿיל Sabean Denkm^.91 (on חֿל in Sabean proper namev Hal^{JAS Juin, 1872, 533}); Ethiopic ኄለ, ኀyየለ be strong, ኀይል strength, army, ኀyያl strong; Assyrian ḫâ(i)ltu, army Flood Tabl. ^iii.22 horses (as strong ones? compare Tehillim 33:17))—only

future (עתיד) in לֹא יָחִיל טוּבוֹ Iyov 20:21 his prosperity is not firm (does not endure); יָחִילוּ דְרָכָו֯ בְּכָל־עֵת Tehillim 10:5 his ways are always firm (stable, prosperous), so Olshausen De Pe Cheyne and elsewhere

חַ֫יִל

noun (masc.) Melachim Beis 10:2 strength, efficiency, wealth, army;—absolute ח׳ Breishis 47:6 +, חָ֑יִל Tehillim 60:14 +, חָ֑יִל Tehillim 60:14 +, חֵיל Yeshaya 36:2 Melachim Beis 18:17; construct חֵיל Shemos 14:28 + (on Tehillim 10:10 see חלכה); with suffix חֵילִי Iyov 31:25 + 2 times; חֵילְךָ Yirmiya 15:13 +; חֵילוֹ Shemos 14:4 +, etc.; plural חֲיָלִים Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:5 + 19 times; with suffix חֵילֵיהֶם Yeshaya 30:6;—

strength, usually physical:

seld. alone (chiefly poet.) Shmuel Alef 2:4 Tehillim 18:33, Tehillim 18:40 = Shmuel Beis 22:33, Shmuel Beis 22:40; also גָּֽבְרוּ ח׳ Iyov 21:7, compare Koheles 10:10; מֵחַיִל אֶל־חָ֑יִל Tehillim 84:8; בְּכֹחַ ח׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:13; of virility Mishlei 31:3; of י׳’s power Tehillim 59:12; Tehillim 110:3, compare Chavakuk 3:19; strength of horse Tehillim 33:17; figuratively of product of vine and fig-tree Yoel 2:22 (‖ פְּרִי).

of result or display of strength עשׂה ח׳ achieve might = do valiantly Bamidbar 24:18, Shmuel Alef 14:48 Tehillim 60:14 = Tehillim 108:14, Tehillim 118:15, Tehillim 118:16.

often in phrases גִּבּוֹר(הַ)ח׳, גִּבּוֹרֵי(הַ)ח׳ hero(es) of strength, mighty man (men) of valour Yehoshua 1:14, Yehoshua 6:2; Yehoshua 8:3; Yehoshua 10:7 (all ), Shoftim 6:12; Shoftim 11:1; Shmuel Alef 9:1 Shmuel Alef 16:18 Melachim Alef 11:28 Melachim Beis 5:1; Melachim Beis 15:20; Melachim Beis 24:14, Melachim Beis 24:16 Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:24; Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:2, Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:9; Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:40 + (very freq. in Ch), note especially הַגִּבּוֹרִים וכל גבורי ח׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:1; also ג׳ ח׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:3 (‖ ג׳ מלחמה); ג׳ (הַ)חֲיָלִים Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:5, Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:7, Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:11, Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:40; Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:26 (see also גִּבּוֹר, p. 150); בֶּן־(הַ)ח׳, בְּנֵי(הַ)ח׳ Devarim 3:18 Shoftim 18:2 + (see בֵּן 8, p. 121); אִישׁ ח׳, אַנְשֵׁי ח׳ Shoftim 3:29; Shoftim 20:44, Shoftim 20:46 Shmuel Alef 31:12; Shmuel Beis 11:16; Shmuel Beis 23:20; (Keri; Kesiv חי, on phr. בן־אישׁ חיל compare Driver) = Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:22 (Kesiv חיל), Shmuel Beis 24:9 Nachum 2:4 Yirmiya 48:14 Divrei HaYamim Alef 10:12 Nechemia 11:6 Tehillim 76:6; ironical א׳ ח׳ לִמְסֹךְ שֵׁבָר Yeshaya 5:22 (‖ גבורים לשׁתות יין); Koheles 12:3 metaphorically of legs.

ability, efficiency, often involving moral worth אַנְשֵׁי ח׳ Breishis 47:6, Shemos 18:21, Shemos 18:25 (both E); of a woman אֵשֶׁת ח׳ Mishlei 12:4; Mishlei 31:10 Rus 3:11; compare Melachim Alef 1:42, Melachim Alef 1:52 (opposite רעה), and especially אַנְשֵׁי ח׳ יִרְאֵי אלהים אַנְשֵׁי אֱמֶת שׂנְאֵי בָּ֑צַע Shemos 18:21; עָשָׂה היל Mishlei 31:29 do worthily, efficiently, perhaps also Rus 4:11; late (with weakened meaning of גִּבּוֹר) גִּבּוֹרֵי חֵיל מְלֶאכֶת עֲבוֹדַת בֵּית הָאלהים Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:13, compare אישׁ ח׳ בַּכֹּחַ לַעֲכֹדָה Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:8. So also Shmuel Alef 10:26 (read בְּנֵי ח׳, see Septuagint Wellhausen Driver, men of worth, opposite בני בליעל v Shmuel Alef 10:27).for Masoretic Text ח׳ force, band.

wealth Breishis 34:29 Bamidbar 31:9 (both P), Devarim 8:17, Devarim 8:18; Devarim 33:11 Yeshaya 8:4; Yeshaya 10:14; Yeshaya 30:6 (‖ אוֹצְרֹתָם), Yeshaya 60:5 (‖ הֲמוֹן יָם), v Yeshaya 60:11; Yeshaya 61:6 Micha 4:13 Yirmiya 15:13; Yirmiya 17:3 (both ‖ אצרות), Tzefania 1:13 Yechezkel 26:12; Yechezkel 28:4, Yechezkel 28:5^(×2) Zecharia 14:14 Iyov 5:5; Iyov 15:29; Iyov 20:15, Iyov 20:18; Iyov 31:25 Tehillim 49:7, Tehillim 49:11; Tehillim 62:11; Tehillim 73:12 Mishlei 13:22.

force, army, very often Shemos 14:4, Shemos 14:9, Shemos 14:17, Shemos 14:28 (all P), Shemos 15:4 (song), Shmuel Alef 17:20; Shmuel Beis 8:9 Melachim Beis 6:4, Melachim Beis 6:15; Melachim Beis 25:1, Melachim Beis 25:5^(×2), Melachim Beis 25:10 Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:3 (בְּחַיִל גִּבּוֹרֵי מלחמה), Divrei HaYamim Beis 14:7; Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:7; Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:14 +; so usually Jer.: Yirmiya 32:2; Yirmiya 34:1 +; freq. Ezek.: Yechezkel 17:17; Yechezkel 27:10 +; Daniel 11:7, Daniel 11:13, Daniel 11:25^(×2), Daniel 11:26; = a band Shmuel Alef 10:26 (Masoretic Text, but see 2, ad fin.); of queen’s train ח׳ כָּבֵד Melachim Alef 10:2 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:1; חֵיל כָּבֵד Yeshaya 36:2 = Melachim Beis 18:17 (var. חַיִל) a powerful army (on form compare Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 194 c); also (late) חֵיל הַצָּבָא Divrei HaYamim Alef 20:1 Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:13, חֵיל עָם Esther 8:11; הֲמוֹן חֲיָלִים Daniel 11:10; שַׂר־הח׳ Shmuel Beis 24:2 captain of the host, שָׂרֵי הח׳ v Shmuel Beis 24:4, Shmuel Beis 24:4; שָׂרֵי הַחֲיָלִים captains of armies (bands, divisions) Melachim Alef 15:20 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:4, Melachim Beis 25:23 Yirmiya 40:7, Yirmiya 40:13; Yirmiya 41:11, Yirmiya 41:13, Yirmiya 41:16; Yirmiya 42:1, Yirmiya 42:8; Yirmiya 43:4, Yirmiya 43:5; פִּקּוּדֵי החיל Bamidbar 31:14.—חֵילוֹ Yechezkel 32:31 om. B Hitzig Co; for חֵילֵךְ Yechezkel 27:11 read probably a proper name (place), compare Davidson; Co proposes חתלון (compare Yechezkel 47:15; Yechezkel 48:1), Hal^{Mél. Epigr. 1874, 69} חלך = Cilicia, see Lagarde^{M i, 211}.

חוּל²

proper name (masc.) a ‘son’ of Aramaic Breishis 10:23 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:17, named between עוּץ and גֶּתֶר Septuagint Ουλ.

חוּם

adjective darkened, dark brown or black, only of colour of sheep (in Breishis 30, J);—וכל־שֶׂה־חוּם בכשׂבים Breishis 30:32, וְחוּם בכ׳ Breishis 30:33, Breishis 30:35, וכל־חוּם בְּצֹאן Breishis 30:40 (cl. probably interpol. Olshausen Hupfeld De Wellhausen Dillmann).

חוֹמָה

see under חמה.

חוּס

verb pity, look upon with compassion (Aramaic ܚܳܣ, חוּס pity, spare; Assyrian ḫûs, in proper name compare Delitzsch^{Pr 181})—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular חָסָה Yechezkel 16:5, 2nd masculine singular חַ֫סְתָּ Yonah 4:10; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָחוּס Yirmiya 21:7; יָחֹס Tehillim 72:13; 3rd feminine singular תָּחוּס Yeshaya 13:18; תָּחוֹס Devarim 7:16 + 9 times (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 72 R 4 Böttcher's Hebrew Grammar § 1133 (2)); תָּחֹס Breishis 45:20 Yechezkel 9:5; וַתָּ֫חָס Shmuel Alef 24:11 Yechezkel 20:17; 1st singular אָחוּס Yirmiya 13:14 + 2 times; imperative (ציווי) חוּ֫סָה Yoel 2:17 Nechemia 13:22:—

of the eye, עין, תח(ו)ס על (לא) the eye shall (not) look with compassion, pity, upon Devarim 7:16; Devarim 13:9; Devarim 19:13; Yeshaya 13:18 Yechezkel 7:4; Yechezkel 20:17; לא חסה עָלַיִךְ עין Yechezkel 16:5; עֵינְכֶם אַל־תָּחֹס עַל־כְּלֵיכֶם Breishis 45:20 (R) let not your eye look with regret upon your stuff; with ellipsis of עַיִן Shmuel Alef 24:11 (but read וָאָחֻס for וַתָּחָס Septuagint Peshitta Wellhausen Klostermann Driver); with ellipsis of על Devarim 19:21; Devarim 25:12 Yechezkel 5:11; Yechezkel 7:9; Yechezkel 8:18; Yechezkel 9:10; ע֯ל תחס עיני֯כם (אל) Yechezkel 9:5.

of God חוסה על Nechemia 13:22 Yoel 2:17; לא אחוס על נינוה Yonah 4:11; ellipsis of עַל Yirmiya 13:14 Yechezkel 24:14.

of man: the Messianic king על־דַּל וְאֶבְיוֹן Tehillim 72:13 he shall have pity on poor and needy; Nebuchadrezzar עליהם (that is on Zedekiah and the people) Yirmiya 21:7; Jonah, על חקיקיון Yonah 4:10.—Vid. also חמל.

חוֹף

see under i. חפף.

חוּץ

n.[m.] the outside, sometimes, especially in plural, spec. a street, never with with suffix in singular, with ָה location ח֫וּצָה, חֻ֫צָה, plural חוּצוֹת, חֻצוֹת, with with suffix חוּצֹתָיו etc., Yeshaya 15:3 etc.;—

the outside, of a house, tent, city, camp, etc., often used, especially with preps., to express the adverb idea of outside, abroad (Aramaic syn., except in sense 2 a, is בַּר, ܒܰܪ):

as accus. after verb of motion Devarim 23:13 יָצָא חוּץ to go forth outside (sc. a camp), v Devarim 23:14 (as adverb accus.) בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ חוּץ outside, הוֹצִיא הַחוּץ to bring forth outside (a house or chamber) Shoftim 19:25 Shmuel Beis 13:18 compare Nechemia 13:8, Shoftim 12:9 בָּנוֹת הֵבִיא לְבָנָיו מִן־הַחוּץ from outside, from abroad, Melachim Beis 4:3 שַׁאֲלִי־לָךְ כֵּלִים מִן־הַחוּץ from outside (opposite בַּבַּיִת v Melachim Beis 4:2); as genit. Vayikra 18:9 מוֹלֶדֶת חוּץ one born abroad (that is by another father or mother, of a half-sister: opposite מוֹלֶדֶת בַּיִת) Yechezkel 47:2^(×2). With ָה location חוּצָה, after a verb of motion Shemos 12:46 מִן־הַבַּיִת … חוּצָה, Mishlei 5:16 Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:16, Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:15 חוּצָה לָעִיר outside of the city, Bamidbar 35:4 מִקִּיר הָעִיר וָחוּצָה from the wall of the city and outwards; = on the outside, without Melachim Alef 6:6 Yeshaya 33:7 צָֽעֲקוּ חוּצָה cry without, Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:8: so הַחוּצָה Breishis 15:5 וַיּוֹצֵא אֹתוֹ הח׳ and brought him outside, Breishis 19:17; Breishis 24:29 Yehoshua 2:19 +, Melachim Alef 8:8 לֹא יֵרָאוּ הַחוּצָה were not seen towards the outside, Devarim 25:5 לֹא תִהְיֶה אֵשֶׁת הַמֵּת הַחוּצָה לְאִישׁ זָר that is shall not be married into another family, compare Shoftim 12:9.

with preps.: and †אל־החוץ towards the outside Yechezkel 41:9, †Yechezkel 34:21 pleonastically אל־החוצה. b. בחוץ Breishis 9:22 outside (opposite בְּתוֹךְ אָהֳלֹה v Breishis 9:21), Breishis 24:31 לָמָּה תַעֲמֹד בַּחוּץ, Devarim 24:11 Shemos 21:19 אם יקום והתהלך בחוץ (after leaving a sick couch), Melachim Beis 10:24 Tehillim 31:12 Yechezkel 7:15 (opposite מִבַּיִת), Hoshea 7:1 +. c. †לחוץ Tehillim 41:7 יצא לחוץ; = on the outside Yechezkel 41:17; Yechezkel 42:7, †לַחוּצָה Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:5 towards the outside. d. מִחוּץ on (מִן 1 c) the outside Yechezkel 40:19; Yechezkel 46:2, מִבַּיִת וּמִחוּץ within and without (of an ark, building, etc.) Breishis 6:14 Shemos 25:11 = Shemos 37:2 Melachim Alef 7:9, Devarim 32:25 מחוץ תְּשַׁכֶּל־חֶרֶב (opposite וּמֵחֲדָרִים אֵימָה), Eicha 1:20 (compare Yechezkel 7:15 above b); so מֵהַחוּץ †Yechezkel 41:25. מִחוּץ לְ on the outside of, Breishis 19:16 וַיַּנִּיחֵהוּ מִחוּץ לָעִיר, Breishis 24:11 Shemos 26:35; Shemos 37:7^(×2) Vayikra 8:17; Vayikra 14:8 Bamidbar 35:5 Yehoshua 6:23 Yirmiya 21:4 +, even after a verb of motion Melachim Alef 21:13 וַיּוֹצִיאוּהוּ מִחוּץ לָעִיר, Melachim Beis 23:6, though in this case אל מחוץ ל is more common, Vayikra 4:12, Vayikra 4:21 אל מחוץ למחנה, Vayikra 6:4; Vayikra 10:4; Vayikra 14:40, Vayikra 14:41 + often P, Devarim 23:11. e. †מִחוּצָה Yechezkel 40:40 on the outside, מִחוּצָה לְ v Yechezkel 40:44. f. (late) †חוּץ מִן outside of, Koheles 2:25 who can eat, and who enjoy, חוּץ מִמֶּנִּי outside of me, that is except me? (but read rather, with Septuagint Peshitta De Nowack and elsewhere, חוּץ מִמֶּנּוּ apart from, without him, that is God). (So Mishnaic Hebrew חוּץ מִן except, without, see De Koheles 2:25. Cf. the Aramaic syn. בַּר מִן except Shemos 20:3 Targum, apart from, without Yeshaya 36:10 Targum; Syriac ܠܒܰܪ ܡܶܢ the same)

Of a definite locality, viz.

that which is outside the houses of a town, that is a street Yeshaya 51:23 כַּחוּץ לַעֹבְרִים, Yirmiya 37:21 חוּץ הָאֹפִים the Bakers’ street, Mishlei 1:20 בַּחוּץ (‖ בָּֽרְחֹבוֹת: so Mishlei 7:12; Mishlei 22:13 Yirmiya 9:20); often in plural, as חוּצֹת אַשְׁקְלוֹן the streets of Ashkelon Shmuel Beis 1:20, ח׳ ירושׁלם Yirmiya 5:1; Yirmiya 7:17, Yirmiya 7:34 + often Jer., Melachim Alef 20:34 וְחֻצוֹת תָּשִׂים־לְךָ בְּדַמֶּשֶׂק and streets (that is bazaars) shalt thou make thee in D., as my father made in Samaria (a concession involving the right of trading), Amos 5:16 Yeshaya 15:3; Yeshaya 24:11 (as scene of mourning), Yeshaya 5:25 Yirmiya 51:4 Yechezkel 11:6; Yechezkel 28:23 (as filled with corpses of slain), בְּרֹאשׁ כָּל־חוּצוֹת that is in conspicuous places, Nachum 3:10 Eicha 2:19; Eicha 4:1 Yeshaya 51:20, טִיט חוּצוֹת mire of streets Zecharia 10:5 (trampled on by warriors), in simile, of foes trodden under foot, Tehillim 18:43 Micha 7:10 (so כְּחֹמֶר ח׳ Yeshaya 10:6), metaphorically of cheapness and abundance Zecharia 9:3.

more generally, that which is outside enclosed cities, the open country, Iyov 18:17 וְלֹא שֵׁם לוֹ עַל־פְּנֵי־חוּץ (see De), cr. Mishlei 24:27; in the plural Iyov 5:10 וְשֹׁלֵחַ מַיִם עַל פְּנֵי חוּצוֹת, Mishlei 8:26 Tehillim 144:13 (as place where flocks abound).

חַ֫יִץ

n.[m.] party-wall (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, probably from Ez l.c.)—Yechezkel 13:10, according to Ki מחיצה גרועה that is a thin or party-wall.

חֵיק

n.[m.] bosom (Mishnaic Hebrew the same)—absolute חֵיק Yechezkel 43:17 Mishlei 16:33 + Yechezkel 43:13 (Co חיקו, compare ZKW ^{1883, pp. 67 ff.}; חֵיקֹה Driver^{Smend xxxi}), חֵק Mishlei 21:14; construct חֵיק Melachim Alef 22:35 + 3 times + Yechezkel 43:14 (Co חיקו) חֵק Mishlei 5:20 (om. by accident in Baer, compare Strack^{ad location}) Mishlei 17:23; with suffix חֵיקִי Melachim Alef 3:20 Tehillim 89:51; חֵקִי Iyov 19:27 etc.; elsewhere always plene c. with suffix; חוקך Kesiv Tehillim 74:11 (Keri חֵיקְךָ);—bosom, specif.

of fold of garment, at breast Shemos 4:6^(×2), Shemos 4:7^(×3) (all J), Mishlei 6:27; Mishlei 16:33, metaphorically of י׳ Tehillim 74:11; שֹׁחַד בח׳ Mishlei 21:14 is a hidden reward (concealed in bosom; ‖ מַתָּן בַּסֵּתֶר); שֹׁחַד מֵחֵק Mishlei 17:23 is a gift secretly given; figuratively, requite into bosom Yeshaya 65:6, Yeshaya 65:7; Yirmiya 32:18; compare Tehillim 35:13; Tehillim 79:12.

carry (נָשָׁא) in bosom, Moses the people Bamidbar 11:12; Naomi, Ruth’s child Rus 4:16, compare Melachim Alef 3:20^(×2); Melachim Alef 17:19; ewe lamb Shmuel Beis 12:3 Yeshaya 40:11 (metaphorically); Eicha 2:12 of infants dying in their mothers’ arms; figuratively of carrying insults in one’s bosom Tehillim 89:51 (read probably כְּלִמַּת for כֹּל, see Bi Cheyne).

bosom as part of body:

external, lie in bosom, of wife שׁכבת Micha 7:5, compare Shmuel Beis 12:8; concubine Breishis 16:5 compare Melachim Alef 1:2; אֵשֶׁת חיק(ך) Devarim 13:7; Devarim 28:54, compare also Mishlei 5:20 תְּחַבֵּק חֵק נָכְרִיָּה; אִישׁ חֵיקָהּ Devarim 28:56.

internal, anger resteth בח׳ כסילים Koheles 7:9; כָּלוּ כִלְיֹתַי בְּחֵקִי Iyov 19:27 my reins are consumed within me; Iyov 23:12 (read בְּחֵקִי for מֵחֻקִּי, so Septuagint Vulgate Olshausen Me Stu Dillmann) in my breast have I hidden the words of his mouth (compare בְּלִבִּי Tehillim 119:11); figuratively of interior of chariot Melachim Alef 22:35 ח׳ הרכב; of hollow bottom of altar Yechezkel 43:13, Yechezkel 43:14, Yechezkel 43:17 (Smend Rinne; Co Grundeinfassung).

חוּקֹק

proper name (place) city in Asher Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:60 Septuagint Ικακ, SeptuagintL Ακωκ; but read probably חֶלְקַת (as Yehoshua 19:25) q.see—חֻקֹ֑קָה Yehoshua 19:34 see under חקק.

חָוַר

verb be or grow white, pale (Arabic حَوِرَ be white, حَوَرٌ whiteness, Aramaic ܚܘܰܪ, חֲוַר be white)—only

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural וְלֹא עַתָּה פָּנָיו יֶחֱוָ֑רוּ Yeshaya 29:22 (‖ לֹא עַתָּה יֵבוֹשׁ יַעֲקֹב).

חוּר

n.[m.] white stuff (doubtful whether cotton or linen, compare כַּרְפַּס), ‖ תְּכֵלֶת:—of Mordecai’s garments בִּלְבוּשׁ מַלְכוּת תְּכֵלֶת וָחוּר Esther 8:15 in a royal garment of violet and white stuff (compare וְתַכְרִיךְ בּוּץ וְאַרְגָּמָן v b); of furnishings of royal palace of Susa ח׳ כַּרְפַּס וּתְכֵלֶת אָחוּז בְּחַבְלֵי־בוּץ וְאַרְגָּמָן Esther 1:6 white stuff of fine linen (?) held fast by cords of byssus and purple.

חוֹרָ֑י

noun (masc.) white stuff, compare i. חוּר; וְאֹרְגִים חוֹרָ֑י Yeshaya 19:9 and (those) weaving white stuff.

חֹרִי

n.[m.] white bread or cake שְׁלֹשָׁה סַלֵּי חֹרִי Breishis 40:16 three baskets of white bread.—ii. חֹרִי see iii. חרר.

חוּר²

proper name (masc.) (meaning doubtful; compare Nabataean proper name חורו Noldeke in Eut^{p. 45})—

Septuagint Ωρ, named with Aaron as compan. of Moses Shemos 17:10, Shemos 17:12; Shemos 24:14 (all E).

Septuagint Ωρ, a Judahite Shemos 31:2 = Shemos 35:30, compare Shemos 38:22 (all P) Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:19, Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:20, Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:50 (on div. of verse see Be VB); also Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:1, Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:4 Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:5.

Septuagint Ουρ, a king of Midian Bamidbar 31:8 Yehoshua 13:21 (both P).

SeptuagintL Σουρ (B om.) head of fam. of returned exiles Nechemia 3:9.

בֶּן־חוּר officer of Sol. Melachim Alef 4:8, see under בֵּן p. 122.

חוּר³

= חֻר see under III. חרר.

חוּרַי

proper name (masc.) a hero of David ח׳ מִנַּחֲלֵי גָ֔עַשׁ Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:32 Septuagint Ουρ(ε)ι, SeptuagintL Ουρια; = הִדָּי Shmuel Beis 23:30 (om. B; A Αθθαι, SeptuagintL Αδδαι).

חוּרִי

proper name (masc.) a Gileadite (of Gad) Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:14 (Septuagint Ουρ(ε)ι).

חוּרָם

see חִירָם under אַח, אחה above p. 27 b.

חֹר

n.[m.] hollow, only in חֹר הַגִּדְגָּ֑ד Bamidbar 33:32 hollow of Gidgad (see Dillmann); see p. 151.

חוֹר

(חוֹרִים) see under II., III. חרר.

חַוְרָן

proper nameterr. (meaning unknown; conjectures are:—black-land (as basaltic region), supported by حَوْر black, dial. of Yemen, Maltzan^{ZMG 1874, 230}, and tokens of immigration from Yemen into Ḥaurân, Wetzstein in De ^{Job 2, 598; ZKW 1884, 120}; land of caves, Gesenius' Thesaurus Hitzig-Smend, Porter^{Dict. Bib.}, and hollow, G.A. Smith^{Geogr. 552}, who comp. Hebrew חור hole; but this probably from iii. חרר, and Arabic خَوْر, hollow, diff. from حَوْرَان )—district SE. from Mt. Hermon, extending between Jaulan and Lejah, toward Syriac desert; only גְּבוּל חַוְרָ֑ן Yechezkel 47:16 compare מִבֵּין חַוְרָ֥ן וּמִבֵּין דַּמֶּשֶׂק v Yechezkel 47:18; = Assyrian Ḫaurani Delitzsch^{Pa 294}; Septuagint Αυρανιτις, and so Jos^Ant. xv. 10, 1 etc., Arabic حَوْرَان. On this district see Wetzstein ^{Hauran, (1860)} and in De ^{Job 2, 597 ff.} Bd^{Pal 195 ff.} Schumacher^{Across the Jordan, 1889; ZPV xii. 1889, 225 ff. (with map)} G.A. Smith^{Geogr. 552 f. 609 ff.}

חוּשׁ

verb haste, make haste (Assyrian ḫâšu, Delitzsch^{Pr 180}, Ethiopic ሖሰ; on this verb see Noldeke^{ZMG 1883, 538})—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular חָשׁ Devarim 32:35 (or participle (בינוני), but see Dillmann), 1st singular חַשְׁתִּי Tehillim 119:60; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular וַתַּ֫חַשׁ (sic!) Iyov 31:5 Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 72 R. 9; imperative (ציווי) חוּ֫שָׁה Shmuel Alef 20:38 + 6 times ψ, + Tehillim 71:12 Keri (Kesiv חישׁה); infinitive (מקור) with suffix חוּשִׁי Iyov 20:2; participle (בינוני) active חָשׁ Chavakuk 1:8 + Yeshaya 8:1, Yeshaya 8:3 in proper name; passive חֻשִׁים Bamidbar 32:17; but see below:—make haste Devarim 32:35 (‖ קרוב), Tehillim 119:60; in prophetic proper name מַהֵר שָׁלָל חָשׁ בַּ֑ז Yeshaya 8:1, Yeshaya 8:3; of eagle (in simile of Chald. army) נשׁר חשׁ לאכול Chavakuk 1:8; Iyov 31:5 subj. רגל, followed by על־מרמה; חוּ֫שִׁי בִי Iyov 20:2 my haste in me, that is my inward excitement—especially imperative (ציווי) Shmuel Alef 20:38 (‖ מהרה), and in ψψ: followed by לְעֶזְרָתִי Tehillim 22:20; Tehillim 38:23; Tehillim 40:14; Tehillim 70:2; Tehillim 71:12 (Keri); followed by לִי Tehillim 70:6; Tehillim 141:1; pt. passive נֵחָלֵץ חֻשִׁים Bamidbar 32:17, but probably for חֲמֻשִׁים (Kn Dillmann comp. Shemos 13:18 etc.); Barth^{NB 180} retains חוּשִׁים and regards it as active (intrans.) = hastening.

past (עבר) הֵחִישׁוּ Shoftim 20:37; future (עתיד) יָחִישׁ Yeshaya 28:16; יָחִ֫ישָׁה coh. Yeshaya 5:19 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 48. 3); אָחִ֫ישָׁה coh. Tehillim 55:9; with suffix אֲחִישֶׁנָּה Yeshaya 60:22;—

shew haste, act quickly Shoftim 20:37; hasten, come quickly Yeshaya 5:19 (subj. מַעֲשֵׂהוּ, ‖ יְמַהֵר; others: let him hasten on his work), יָחִישׁ Yeshaya 28:16 hasten away (flee), or hasten about distractedly (si vera l.; Cheyne Guthe read ימישׁ yield, give way).

transit. c. with suffix Yeshaya 60:22 I will hasten it; with a direct object Tehillim 55:9 I would hasten (= secure quickly) my escape.

חִישׁ

adverb quickly, כי גז חישׁ Tehillim 90:10 of passing away of human life.

חוּשׁ²

verb feel, enjoy (with the senses) (Nowack comp. Arabic حَسَّ feel, perceive by senses; Mishnaic Hebrew חוּשׁ feel pain; Aramaic ܚܳܫ חוּשׁ, feel pain; Ethiopic ሕዋስ perception)—only

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular מִי יֹאכַל וּמִי יָחוּשׁ Koheles 2:25 who can eat and who can feel (that is enjoy pleasure)?

חוּשָׁה

proper name (masc.) a ‘son’ of חוּר = place in Judah Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:4.

חוּשַׁי

proper name (masc.)

ח׳ הָאַרְכִּי Shmuel Beis 15:32 so Shmuel Beis 17:5, Shmuel Beis 17:14, called רֵעֶה דוד Shmuel Beis 15:37 friend of David, so Shmuel Beis 16:16 a; compare Shmuel Beis 16:16, Shmuel Beis 16:17, Shmuel Beis 16:18 Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:33; also Shmuel Alef 17:6, Shmuel Alef 17:7, Shmuel Alef 17:8, Shmuel Alef 17:15

Melachim Alef 4:16 father of one of Solomon’s officers.

חוּשִׁים

proper namef. wife of Shaharaim of Benjamin, חוּשִׁים Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:8, חֻשִׁים v Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:11.

חֻשִׁים

proper name (masc.) of Dan, וּבְנֵי דָן ח׳ Breishis 46:23 compare חֻשִֿׁם בְּנֵי אַחֵר Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:12 (see Be VB); = שׁוּחָם (q.see) Bamidbar 26:42 compare שׁוּחָתִי v Bamidbar 26:42, Bamidbar 26:43.

חֻשָֿׁם

proper name (masc.) a king of Edom: חֻשָֿׁם Breishis 36:34, Breishis 36:35 = חוּשָׁם Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:45, Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:46.

חוֹתָם

see under חתם.

חֲזָאֵל

see חֲזָהאֵל under i. חזה.

חָזָה

verb (almost wholly poet.) see, behold (Aramaic ܚܙܳܐ, חֲזָא, see, perceive with the eyes; Palmyrene Ethp. אתחזי = ἔδοξεν Reckendorf^{ZMG, 1888, 397}; Arabic حَزَى, perceive with the inner vision, only; حَازٍ astronomer, astrologer)—

past (עבר) ח׳ Tehillim 58:11 + 6 times; חָזִיתָ Mishlei 22:29; Mishlei 29:20; חָזִית Yeshaya 57:8; חָזִיתִי Iyov 15:17; חֲזִיתִךָ Tehillim 63:3; חָ֥זוּ Iyov 24:1 + 5 times; חֲזִיתֶם Iyov 27:12 Yechezkel 13:7, Yechezkel 13:8; future (עתיד) יֶחֱזֶה Bamidbar 24:4 + 2 times; 3rd feminine singular וְתַ֫חַז Micha 4:11; 2nd masculine singular תֶּחֱזֶה Shemos 18:21; 1st singular אֶחֱזֶה Tehillim 17:15 + 4 times; אָ֫חַז Iyov 23:9; plural יֶחֱזוּ Yeshaya 26:11 + 4 times; יֶחֱזָ֑יוּן Yeshaya 26:11; תֶּחֱזֶ֫ינָת Yeshaya 33:17 + 2 times; תֶּחֱזוּ Yeshaya 30:10 Shir HaShirim 7:1; 1st plural וְנֶחֱזֶת Shir HaShirim 7:1; imperative (ציווי) חֲזֵה Yeshaya 33:20; Yeshaya 48:6; חֲזוּ Tehillim 46:9 Yeshaya 30:10; infinitive (מקור) construct חֲזוֹת Tehillim 27:4 Yechezkel 21:34; participle (בינוני) חֹזֶה Yechezkel 12:27; plural חֹזִים Yeshaya 47:13 Yechezkel 13:9, Yechezkel 13:16; Yechezkel 22:28. (All other ptc. forms are used as nouns, see חֹזֶה.)

see, behold:

with the eye, direct object rei Tehillim 58:9, Tehillim 58:11 Mishlei 22:29; Mishlei 29:20 Yeshaya 33:20; Yeshaya 57:8; God in theophany Shemos 24:11; God, after death, apart from the flesh Iyov 19:26, Iyov 19:27; the face of God Tehillim 11:7; Tehillim 17:15 (after death).

subj. the eyes themselves; man’s eyes: תֶּחֱזֶינָה עֵינֶיךָ thine eyes will behold Yeshaya 33:17; also of God’s eyes: Tehillim 11:4; Tehillim 17:2.

with בְּ look on (intensely, with gratification); a damsel Shir HaShirim 7:1, Shir HaShirim 7:1; Zion Micha 4:11; נֹעַם י׳ in the temple Tehillim 27:4; the work of God Iyov 36:25; with investigation בַּכּוֹכָבִים on the stars, as stargazers, in astrology Yeshaya 47:13.

see as a seer in the ecstatic state, with direct object of the vision seen: חזון Yeshaya 1:1 Yechezkel 12:27; Yechezkel 13:16; מחזה Bamidbar 24:4, Bamidbar 24:16 (poet., Balaam); מחזה שׁוא Yechezkel 13:7; משּׂא Yeshaya 13:1 Chavakuk 1:1; משׂאות שׁוא Eicha 2:14; שׁוא Yechezkel 13:6, Yechezkel 13:9, Yechezkel 13:23; Yechezkel 21:34; Yechezkel 22:28 Eicha 2:14; כזב Yechezkel 13:8; שֶׁקֶר Zecharia 10:2; object deceitful things Yeshaya 30:10; דבר(ים) Yeshaya 2:1 Amos 1:1 Micha 1:1; with לְ, be a seer, for any one Yeshaya 30:10; see a vision for one Eicha 2:14, Eicha 2:14.

see, perceive:

with the intelligence, absolute Iyov 34:32 Mishlei 24:32; direct object rei Yeshaya 48:6; Yahweh in his temple Tehillim 63:3; in his providential workings Iyov 23:9 Tehillim 46:9 Yeshaya 26:11^(×2).

see, by experience absolute Iyov 27:12; direct object rei Iyov 15:17; Iyov 24:1.

provide, תחזה מכל העם אנשׁי חיל Shemos 18:21 provide from all the people men of ability.

—בֵּית אֲבָנִים יֶחֱזֶה Iyov 8:17 is difficult: Revised Version renders he (it) beholdeth the place of stones (the root of the plant personified) Hengst, compare Reuss and elsewhere after Peshitta Targum. Other renderings are: pierceth (compare חָזַז) Böttcher Ewald Hitzig (יְחַזֶּה), Dillmann De Muhlau-Volck; between (see p. 108) the stones it liveth (יִחְיֶה) Septuagint Siegf.

חוֹזָ֑י²

Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:19, see following.

חֹזֶה

noun (masc.) seer;—absolute ח׳ Amos 7:12 + 7 times; construct חֹזֵה Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:9 + 3 times; חוֹזֵה Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:15; plural חֹזִים Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:10 + 4 times; חוֹזִים Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:19 (so read with Septuagint; חוֹזָ֑י Masoretic Text scribal error)—

seer:

of unnamed persons, syn. נבא(ים) Melachim Beis 17:13 Yeshaya 29:10; רֹאִים Yeshaya 30:10; קֹסְמִים Micha 3:7; historical writers דִּבְרֵי הַחֹזִים Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:18, דברי חוזים (Septuagint) Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:19 (Masoretic Text appar. proper name)

named prophets; Gad Shmuel Beis 24:11 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:9, Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:29 Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:25; Amos Amos 7:12; Iddo Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:29; Divrei HaYamim Beis 12:15; Jehu Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:2.

the singers: Heman Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:5; Asaph Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:30; Jeduthun Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:15.

It seems best to add 2. vision (compare רֹאֶה Yeshaya 28:7) עִם שְׁאוֹל עָשִׂינוּ חֹזֶה Yeshaya 28:15 with Sheʾôl we made a vision (had a vision, in connexion with Sheʾôl—that is by necromancy, see Duhm—which makes us secure; ‖ כרת ברית אֶת־מָוֶת); Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 156 e trans. oracle here and Melachim Beis 17:13; Hoffmann^{journal ZAW iii. 95} puts this under 1: ‘we have appointed a prophet with Sheʾôl (Siegfried-Stade “Ein bei der Scheol bestellter Seher”), who is answerable to us for it;’ Septuagint Vulgate Targum Authorized Version Revised Version Cheyne Dillmann and elsewhere, are at (or have made an) agreement (prophetic advice of seers being taken at time of making treaties; see חָזוּת 1)—Vid. also כָּל־חֹזֶה proper name (masc.) under כל.

חָזוֹן

noun (masc.) ^{Daniel 8:1} vision (on format. compare Lg^{BN 204})—absolute ח׳ Hoshea 12:11 + 25 times; construct חֲזוֹן Yeshaya 1:1 + 8 times.

vision, as seen in the ecstatic state ‖ קסם Micha 3:6; ‖ מקסם Yechezkel 12:24; ‖ חלמות Daniel 1:17; ‖ נביא Daniel 9:24; חזה ח׳ Yechezkel 12:27; Yechezkel 13:16; ראה ח׳ Daniel 8:15; ראה בח׳ Daniel 8:2, Daniel 8:2; Daniel 9:21; דבּר בח׳ Tehillim 89:20; חזון נראה אל Daniel 8:1 vision appeared unto; מצא ח׳ מיהוה Eicha 2:9 find a vision from Yahweh; also Yechezkel 12:22, Yechezkel 12:23 Daniel 8:13, Daniel 8:17, Daniel 8:26; Daniel 10:14; Daniel 11:14.

vision, in the night חֲזוֹן לַיְלָה Yeshaya 29:7.

divine communication in a vision, oracle, prophecy בקשׁ ח׳ מנביא seek a vision (prophecy) from prophet Yechezkel 7:26; ‖ דבר(ים) Shmuel Alef 3:1 Divrei HaYamim Alef 17:15; חֲזוֹן לִבָּם יְדַבֵּ֑רוּ Yirmiya 23:16 a prophecy of their own hearts (minds) they speak; חֲזוֹן שֶׁקֶר וְקֶסֶם אֱלִיל וְתַרְמִית לִבָּם הֵמָּה מִתְנַבְּאִים Yirmiya 14:14 false vision and (see אֱלִיל) worthless divination & deceit of their own hearts they are prophesying; כתב ח׳ write the vision Chavakuk 2:2; also Hoshea 12:11 Chavakuk 2:3 Mishlei 29:18 Yechezkel 7:13 (del. Co).

vision, as title of book of prophecy, ספר חזון נחוּם Nachum 1:1; ח׳ ישׁעיהו Yeshaya 1:1; ח׳ עבדיה Ovadia 1:1; of other writings of prophets Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:32.

חָזוּת

noun (fem.) vision, conspicuousness (on format. compare Lg^{BN 202})—absolute ח׳ Yeshaya 21:2 Daniel 8:5, Daniel 8:8; construct חָזוּת Yeshaya 29:11; with suffix חָזוּתְכֶם Yeshaya 28:18;—

vision, oracle of a prophet חָזוּת קָשָׁה הֻגַּד־לִי Yeshaya 21:2 a hard vision is declared to me; וַתְּהִי לָכֶם חָזוּת הַכֹּל כְּדִבְרֵי הַסֵּפֶר הֶחָתוּם Yeshaya 29:11 the vision (prophecy) of the whole is become to you as the words of a sealed writing; חָזוּתְכֶם אֶת־שְׁאוֹל לֹא תָקוּם Yeshaya 28:18 your agreement with Sheol will not stand, so Gesenius' Thesaurus Muhlau-Volck De Cheyne Dillmann and elsewhere after old versions, but Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 156 e renders oracle, and Siegf. Hellseherei, see חֹזֶה 2.

conspicuousness in appearance: קֶרֶן הָזוּת a conspicuous horn Daniel 8:5 = the great horn v Daniel 8:8, Daniel 8:21; so חָזוּת אַרְבַּע Daniel 8:8, but < read אֲחֵרוֹת others, as Septuagint Gratz Bev.

חִזָּיוֹן

noun (masc.) ^{Shmuel Beis 7:17} vision (on format. compare Lg^{BN 200})—absolute ח׳ Shmuel Beis 7:17 Yeshaya 22:1, Yeshaya 22:5; construct חֶזְיוֹן Iyov 20:8; Iyov 33:15; with suffix חֶזְיֹנוֹ Zecharia 13:4; plural absolute חֶזְיֹנוֹת Iyov 7:14 Yoel 3:1, construct the same Iyov 4:13;—

vision, in the ecstatic state ראה ח׳ Yoel 3:1; גּי(א) ח׳ valley of vision Yeshaya 22:1, Yeshaya 22:5.

vision, in the night חֶזְיוֹנ(וֹת) לַיְלָה Iyov 4:13; Iyov 20:8; Iyov 33:15; ‖ חֲלֹמוֹת Iyov 7:14.

divine communication in a vision, oracle, prophecy: ‖ דברים Shmuel Beis 7:17 (= חזון Divrei HaYamim Alef 17:15); יֵבשׁוּ אִישׁ מֵחֶזְיֹנוֹ בְּהִנָּֽכְאֹתוֹ Zecharia 13:4 they will be ashamed, every one of his vision when he prophesieth.

חֶזְיוֹן

proper name (masc.) (vision) ancestor of Benhadad king of Aramaic Melachim Alef 15:18 (Klostermann proposes חֶזְרוֹן and comp. Septuagint Melachim Alef 11:23).

חֲזָהאֵל

proper name (masc.) (Ēl sees; Assyrian Ḫazaʾilu Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament^Gloss) king of Aramaic Melachim Beis 8:8, Melachim Beis 8:13, Melachim Beis 8:15, v Melachim Beis 8:29 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 22:6; contr. חֲזָאֵל Melachim Alef 19:15, Melachim Alef 19:17 Melachim Beis 8:9, Melachim Beis 8:12, v Melachim Beis 8:28 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 22:5, Melachim Beis 9:14, Melachim Beis 9:15; Melachim Beis 10:32; Melachim Beis 12:18^(×2), Melachim Beis 12:19; Melachim Beis 13:3^(×2), Melachim Beis 13:22, Melachim Beis 13:24, Melachim Beis 13:25; בֵּית חֲזָאֵל Amos 1:4.

חֲזָיָה

proper name (masc.) (Yah hath seen) one of the chiefs of the בְּנֵי יְהוּדָה Nechemia 11:5.

חָזֶה

noun (masc.) ^{Vayikra 7:31} breast of animals (Aramaic ܚܰܕܝܳܐ, חַדְיָא)—absolute ח׳ Shemos 29:26 + 4 times; construct חֲזֵה Shemos 29:27 + 5 times; plural חָזוֹת Vayikra 9:20, Vayikra 9:21—breast, only P, and only of sacrificial animals; always as wave-offering; of ram of installation Shemos 29:26, Shemos 29:27 Vayikra 8:29, of peace-offering Vayikra 7:30, Vayikra 7:30; Vayikra 9:20, Vayikra 9:21, of Nazirite sacrif. Bamidbar 6:20; perquisite of Aaron and his sons Vayikra 7:31, Vayikra 7:34; Vayikra 10:14, Vayikra 10:15, compare Bamidbar 18:18.

חֲזוֹ

proper name (masc.) son of Nahor Breishis 22:22, Septuagint Αζαυ (compare Assyrian proper name (place) Hazû, mentioned with Bazû (see iii. בּוּז) by Esar. Delitzsch^{Pa 307; ZK 1885, 93 f.} Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament on Breishis 22:21; also Dillmann).

חָזַק

verb be or grow firm, strong, strengthen (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic ܚܙܰܩ, חֲזַק bind on or about, gird on, compare Arabic حَزَقَ bind, squeeze)—

past (עבר) ח׳ Breishis 41:57 + 4 times; חָזָק֑ Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:15; with suffix חֲזָקוֹ Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:20, etc.; future (עתיד) יֶחֱזַק Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:7 (Baer) + 2 times; וַיֶּחֱזַק Breishis 41:56 +; יֶחֶזְקוּ Shmuel Beis 10:11 + 2 times; יֶחְזְקוּ Yeshaya 28:22; imperative (ציווי) חֲזַק Devarim 12:23 +; חִזְקוּ Devarim 31:6 +; infinitive (מקור) construct לְחָזְקָה Melachim Beis 12:13; with suffix לְחָזְקָהּ Yechezkel 30:21; participle (בינוני) חָזֵק Shemos 19:19 Shmuel Beis 3:1, etc.;—

intrans. be or grow strong:—

of physical strength of hands Shoftim 7:11 Shmuel Beis 2:7; Shmuel Beis 16:21 Yechezkel 22:14 Zecharia 8:9, Zecharia 8:13 (on Yechezkel 3:14 see below); of arm, followed by inf. Yechezkel 30:21; used of recovery from illness Yeshaya 39:1; followed by מִן compar. over-power Shmuel Alef 17:50 (c. בְּ instr.), Shmuel Beis 13:14.

of people, army Devarim 11:8 Yehoshua 17:13, = Shoftim 1:28, Ezra 9:12; followed by מִן compar. be stronger than, too strong for, prevail against Shmuel Beis 10:11^(×2) = Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:12^(×2) Melachim Alef 20:23, Melachim Alef 20:25; the same, followed by direct object Melachim Alef 16:22, compare of י׳ as prevailing over man Yirmiya 20:7 (‖ יָכֹל); followed by על Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:3; Divrei HaYamim Beis 27:5.

of royal power וְדָוִד הֹלֵךְ וְחָזֵק Shmuel Beis 3:1 (opposite הֹלְכִים וְדַלִּים); compare Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:15 (‖ חֶזְקָה v Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:16), Daniel 11:5.

prevail over, upon, of word of king Shmuel Beis 24:4 (followed by אֶל־) = Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:4 (followed by עַל).

of bonds Yeshaya 28:22.

of sound of trumpet הוֹלֵךְ וְחָזֵק מְאֹד Shemos 19:19 (E, compare חָזָק v Shemos 19:16) it grew much louder and louder.

be firm, fast:—

literally be caught fast, of Absalom’s head Shmuel Beis 18:9 (followed by בְּ).

be firm, secure, of a kingdom Melachim Beis 14:5 (+ בְּיָדוֹ) = Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:3 (+ עָלָיו). Oftener

be firm = courageous, confident, especially imperative (ציווי), usually ‖ אמץ (q.see), Devarim 31:6, Devarim 31:7, Devarim 31:23 Yehoshua 1:6, Yehoshua 1:7, Yehoshua 1:9, Yehoshua 1:18; Yehoshua 10:25; Yehoshua 23:6 (all D), Shmuel Beis 10:12; Shmuel Beis 13:28 Melachim Alef 2:2 Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:13 (‖ התחזק), Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:13; Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:10, Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:20 Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:7; Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:11; Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:7 Ezra 10:4 Tehillim 27:14; Tehillim 31:25 Yeshaya 35:4; Yeshaya 41:6 Chaggai 2:4^(×3) Daniel 10:19^(×2); followed by לַמִּלְחָמָה Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:8.

hold firmly to, devote oneself to, followed by בְּ Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:4.

followed by infinitive (מקור) be firm not to eat blood, that is firmly refrain from it Devarim 12:23, compare Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:7.

press, be urgent, followed by עַל + infinitive (מקור) Shemos 12:33; followed by עַל of hand of י׳ in prophetic ecstasy Yechezkel 3:14 (Septuagint Co read חֲזָקָה, adjective, see חָזָק).

in bad sense:

grow stout, rigid, hard, with idea of perversity, of Pharaoh’s heart Shemos 7:13, Shemos 7:22; Shemos 8:15 (all P), Shemos 9:35; compare חזקו עָלַי דבריכם Malachi 3:13.

be severe, grievous, of battle Melachim Beis 3:26; of famine Breishis 41:56, Breishis 41:57, Breishis 47:20 (J; followed by על), Melachim Beis 25:3 = Yirmiya 52:6.

transit. only לֹא חֲזָקוֹ Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:20 strengthened him not, but text very doubtful (‖ וַיָּצַר לוֹ).

past (עבר) חִזַּק Tehillim 147:13 +, etc.; future (עתיד) וַיְחַזֵּק Shemos 9:12 + 10 times, etc.; imperative (ציווי) חַזֵּק Nechemia 6:9 + 2 times; fs. חַזְּקִי Nachum 3:14; חַזֵּ֑קִי Yeshaya 54:2 etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct חַזֵּק Melachim Beis 12:9 + 12 times; participle (בינוני) מְחַזֵּק Shemos 14:17; מְחַזְּקִים Melachim Beis 12:9;—

make strong (physically):

followed by direct object person Shoftim 16:28; followed by על Shoftim 3:12; followed by מָתְנַיִם Nachum 2:2 (‖ אַמֵּץ כֹּחַ; of personif. people).

= restore to strength Daniel 10:18, Daniel 10:19; to health Yechezkel 34:4, Yechezkel 34:16; c. לְ give strength to Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:12; so, followed by זְרוֹעֹתָם, Hoshea 7:15 Yechezkel 30:24 (and v Yechezkel 30:25 Co, see Hiph.)

followed by direct object rei Yeshaya 41:7 Yirmiya 10:4 (both c. בְּ instr.; of manufacture of idols); of strengthening tent-pegs, in metaphorically Yeshaya 54:4, compare Yeshaya 33:23; followed by bars of gates Tehillim 147:13; often of making strong, fortifying a town, etc. Nachum 3:14 Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:11, Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:12; Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:9; Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:5; = repair (wall, object not expr.) Nechemia 3:19 see Hiph.; with a direct object of temple Melachim Beis 12:6, Melachim Beis 12:7, Melachim Beis 12:15; Melachim Beis 22:6 Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:5, Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:12; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:3; Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:8, compare v Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:10 (‖ לִבְדּוֹק); followed by לְבית י׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:27; object breaches (direct object) Melachim Beis 12:8, Melachim Beis 12:9, Melachim Beis 12:13; Melachim Beis 22:5.

of establishing kingdom Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:17.

strengthen the hands (direct object) of any one, that is sustain, encourage (opposite רִפָּה) Shoftim 9:24 Yirmiya 23:14 Yechezkel 13:22 Yeshaya 35:3 Iyov 4:3 Ezra 6:22 Nechemia 2:18; Nechemia 6:9 Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:34; וַיְח׳ ידו בֵּאלהים Shmuel Alef 23:16; followed by בְּ Ezra 1:6 (+ בְּ instr.)

make strong = bold, encourage, with a direct object Devarim 1:38; Devarim 3:28 Shmuel Beis 15:5 Yeshaya 41:7; with a direct object person + לַעֲבֹדַת בֵּית י׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:2.

make firm:—

c. Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:2 direct object וְאַבְנֵֽטְךָ אֲחַזְּקֶנּוּ Yeshaya 22:21 and with thy sash (of office) will I make him firm, that is bind it firmly about him (‖ הלבישׁ).

make firm or fixed, = definitely adopt דָּבָר רָע יח׳־לָמוֹ Tehillim 64:6.

make rigid, hard, that is perverse, obstinate, harden (the heart of any one) Shemos 4:21; Shemos 10:20, Shemos 10:27 (all E), Shemos 9:12; Shemos 11:10; Shemos 14:4, Shemos 14:8, Shemos 14:17 (all P), Yehoshua 11:20; see also ח׳ פניהם מִסֶּלַע Yirmiya 5:3†.

past (עבר) הֶחֱזִיק Shoftim 7:8 +; 3rd feminine singular הֶחֱזִ֫יקָה Yirmiya 49:24 +; with suffix הֶחֱזִקָ֑תְנִי Yirmiya 8:21; הֶחֱזַ֫קְתִּי Nechemia 5:16 + 3 times; וְהַחֲזַקְתִּ֫י Yechezkel 30:25, etc.; future (עתיד) יַחֲזִיק Iyov 8:15 + 2 times; 1st singular וְאַחְזֵק Yeshaya 42:6; יַחֲזִיקוּ Yirmiya 6:23 + 2 times; יַחֲזִקוּ Daniel 11:32, etc.; imperative (ציווי) הַחֲזֵק Shmuel Beis 11:25 + 2 times, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct הַחֲזִיק Melachim Beis 15:19 Yeshaya 64:6; with suffix הֶחֱזִיקִי Yirmiya 31:32 (הַח׳ Cod. Petrop. see Robertson Smith^{JPh. xvi, 1888, 73}); participle (בינוני) מַחֲזִיק Shemos 9:2 + 9 times; with suffix מַחֲזִקָהּ Daniel 11:6; fs. מַחֲזֶקֶת Nechemia 4:11; plural מַחֲזִיקִים Nechemia 4:10 + 5 times; construct מַחֲזִיקֵי Yechezkel 27:9, Yechezkel 27:27;—

make strong, strengthen Yirmiya 51:12.

make firm, the kingdom Melachim Beis 15:19 (+ בְּיָדוֹ).

display strength (late) Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:8 (‖ וַיֵּלֶךְ שְׁמוֹ עַד וגו׳), Daniel 11:32 (‖ וְעָשׂוּ).

make severe, of battle Shmuel Beis 11:25.

followed by יד = support Yechezkel 16:49; followed by זְרוֹעוֹת Yechezkel 30:25 (subj. י׳; but Co reads Pi. as v Yechezkel 30:24)†.

= repair, walls of Jerus., Nechemia 3:4^(×3) + 31 times Nechemia 3; compare (in generally) pt. used substant. מחזיקי בדקך Yechezkel 27:9, Yechezkel 27:27 of Tyre and her ships (‖ מַלָּחִים, etc.)

prevail, absolute Daniel 11:7; followed by עַל Iyov 18:9; prevail upon to הח׳ בּוֹ לֶאֱכֹל Melachim Beis 4:8.

especially take or keep hold of, seize, grasp:

take hold of, seize, catch, followed by בְּ Breishis 19:4, Breishis 21:18, Shemos 4:4 (J; ‖ אחז), Shoftim 7:20 Shmuel Alef 15:27 Shmuel Beis 1:11 Melachim Alef 1:50; Melachim Alef 2:28 Melachim Beis 2:12; Melachim Beis 4:27 Yeshaya 4:1 Zecharia 8:23^(×2) Mishlei 7:13; Mishlei 26:17, compare also Shoftim 19:25, Shoftim 19:29 Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:15; with violence Devarim 22:25; Devarim 25:11 Shmuel Alef 17:35 (perhaps pf. consec. freq., see Driver), Shmuel Beis 2:16; Shmuel Beis 13:11; followed by לְ Shmuel Beis 15:5; figuratively take hold in order to lead one (subj. י׳) followed by בְּ Yirmiya 31:32, with a direct object Yeshaya 41:9, Yeshaya 41:13; compare Yeshaya 51:18 (בְּ; ‖נֵהֵל); followed by direct object Nachum 3:14 take hold of the brick-mould, Yirmiya 6:23 = Yirmiya 50:42, Zecharia 14:13 (with violence), Tehillim 35:2 Nechemia 4:10, Nechemia 4:11, seize the kingdom Daniel 11:21; in metaphorically Micha 4:9 (הֶחֱזִיקֵךְ חִיל), Yirmiya 6:24; Yirmiya 8:21; Yirmiya 49:24 (see Giesebrecht), Yirmiya 50:43; of pious laying hold of י׳, followed by בְּ Yeshaya 64:6, compare Yeshaya 27:5; Yeshaya 56:2, Yeshaya 56:4, Yeshaya 56:6; of other gods Melachim Alef 9:9 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:22; laying hold of wisdom Mishlei 3:18, compare Mishlei 4:13 Iyov 2:3, Iyov 2:9; Iyov 27:6 Yirmiya 8:5.

have or keep hold of, followed by בְּ Shoftim 16:26 Shmuel Beis 3:29 Yirmiya 50:33 Nechemia 4:15.

hold up, followed by בְּ, figuratively = sustain, support Vayikra 25:35; of י׳ holding his servants Yeshaya 42:6; Yeshaya 45:1, compare Iyov 8:20; see also pt. used substantively Daniel 11:1 (‖ מָעוֹז), v Daniel 11:6 (‖ מֵבִיא, יֹלֵד); of Ne. holding fast to (בְּ) his work Nechemia 5:16; compare of wicked, holding to his house Iyov 8:15; cleave or cling to (על) one’s brethren Nechemia 10:30. hence

keep, retain, followed by בְּ Shemos 9:2, Shoftim 7:8; Shoftim 19:4; so Yechezkel 7:13 Smend Co (Masoretic Text Hithp.); followed by anger (direct object) Micha 7:18.

hence also hold, contain, followed by direct object Divrei HaYamim Beis 4:5.

(especially Ch) past (עבר) הִתְחַזַּק Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:7 + 3 times, etc.; future (עתיד) וַיִּתְחַזֵּק Breishis 48:2 + 7 times; וַיִּתְחַזַּק Divrei HaYamim Beis 21:4; Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:5; יִתְחַזָּ֑קוּ Yechezkel 7:13 (but Smend Co read Hiph.), etc.; imperative (ציווי) הִתְחַזַּק Melachim Alef 20:22; הִתְחַזְּקוּ Shmuel Alef 4:9; infinitive (מקור) construct לְהִתְחַזֵּק Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:8; Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:9; participle (בינוני) מִתְחַזֵּק Shmuel Beis 3:6 Daniel 10:21; plural מִתְחַזְּקִים Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:10;—

strengthen oneself Shmuel Beis 3:6 Melachim Alef 20:22 Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:1; Divrei HaYamim Beis 12:13; Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:21; Divrei HaYamim Beis 21:4; Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:1; Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:11; Divrei HaYamim Beis 27:6; followed by עַל against Divrei HaYamim Beis 17:1; gain strength Ezra 7:28 Daniel 10:19, compare הִתְח׳ ביהוה Shmuel Alef 30:6; figuratively = take courage Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:8.

put forth strength, use one’s strength Breishis 48:2 (that is he exerted himself, he sat up by a great effort), Bamidbar 13:20 Shoftim 20:22 Shmuel Alef 4:9 Shmuel Beis 10:12 Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:13 Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:5.

followed by לִפְנֵי withstand Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:7, Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:8.

followed by עִם hold strongly with Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:10 Daniel 10:21, compare of י׳, להתח׳ עִם לְבָבָם שָׁלֵם אֵלָיו Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:9.—For יִתְחַזָּ֑קוּ Yechezkel 7:13 read Hiph., see Smend Co Davidson.

חָזָק

adjective strong, stout, mighty;—ח׳ Shemos 10:19 + 18 times; f. חֲזָקָה Shemos 3:19 + 31 times + Yechezkel 3:14 (Co for Masoretic Text verb 3rd feminine singular); plural חֲזָקִים Shoftim 18:25 + 2 times; construct חִזְקֵי Yechezkel 2:4 (del. Co see below) Yechezkel 3:7;—

strong:

of men, rarely pred. Bamidbar 13:18 (opposite רָפֶה), v Bamidbar 13:31 (compar. c. מִן), Yehoshua 14:11; Yehoshua 17:18 (all ), Shoftim 18:26 (compar. c. מִן); also of גֹּאֲלָם Yirmiya 50:34 Mishlei 23:11; of hand of י׳ Yehoshua 4:24, so Yechezkel 3:14 Septuagint Co (see above and חָזַק Qal 3); compare of Tyre הָֽיְתָה חֲזָקָה בַּיָּם Yechezkel 26:17 (del. B Co).

usually attrib.; of arm of Pharaoh Yechezkel 30:22 (opposite נִשְׁבָּ֑רֶת); especially of hand of י׳ in delivering Isr. from Egypt, Shemos 3:19 (gloss? see Dillmann), Shemos 6:1^(×2); Shemos 13:9 (all J), Devarim 6:21; Devarim 7:8; Devarim 9:26 Daniel 9:15; in wonders done by agency of Moses Devarim 34:12; also בְּכֹחַ גָּדוֹל וּבְיָד חֲזָקָה Shemos 32:11, compare Nechemia 1:10, but oftener ביד חזקה וּבִזְרוֹעַ נְטוּיָה Devarim 4:34; Devarim 5:15; Devarim 7:19; Devarim 11:2; Devarim 26:8 Yirmiya 32:21 Tehillim 136:12; of control of enemies and deliverance from exile Yechezkel 20:33, Yechezkel 20:34; more generally Devarim 3:24 (‖ גָּדְלְךָ), Melachim Alef 8:42 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:32; of י׳’s opposition to Zedekiah Yirmiya 21:5; once of Edom, opposite Isr. בעם כבד וביד חזקה Bamidbar 20:20.

of sword of י׳ Yeshaya 27:1 (‖ הַקָּשָׁה וְהַגְּדוֹלָה), of wind Shemos 10:19, Melachim Alef 19:11; sound of trumpet (= loud) Shemos 19:16.

severe, sharp, hot, of war Shmuel Alef 14:52 (pred.), battle Shmuel Beis 11:15, sickness Melachim Alef 17:17 (pred.), famine Melachim Alef 18:2.

firm, hard, of face, פנים Yechezkel 3:8, forehead, מֵצַח v Yechezkel 3:8; adamant, simile of forehead v Yechezkel 3:9 (compar., c. מִן); of sky Iyov 37:18 (pred.) In plural construct ח׳ לֵב Yechezkel 2:4 hard of heart (‖ קְשֵׁי פָנִים) but om. B Co, ח׳־מֵצַח Yechezkel 3:7 hard (= impudent) of forehead (‖ קְשֵׁי־לֵב).

as noun, a strong one, of י׳ (בְּחָזָק, as, in the character of, a strong one) Yeshaya 40:10; of י׳’s agent Yeshaya 28:2 (‖ אַמִּץ); see also וְחָזָק לֹא יְאַמֵּץ כֹּחוֹ Amos 2:14; c. מִן comp. = one too strong for Yirmiya 31:11 Tehillim 35:10. In Yechezkel 34:16 Masoretic Text uses הח׳ in bad sense (‖ הַשְּׁמֵנָה), Septuagint Co, with diff. text, in good sense. (see VB).

חֵ֫זֶק

n.[m.] strength, only י׳ חִזְקִי Tehillim 18:2 (om. by error ‖ Shmuel Beis 22:2 where SeptuagintL ἰσχύς μου). (De and elsewhere der. from חֹזֶק, but [חֶזְקָה] favours חֵזֶק).

חֹ֫זֶק

noun (masc.) strength;—ח׳ construct Shemos 13:3 + 3 times; חָזְקֵנוּ Amos 6:13;—

of י׳, ח׳ יַד Shemos 13:3, Shemos 13:14, Shemos 13:16 (all ).

national strength Amos 6:13 Chaggai 2:22.

חִזְקִיָּ֫הוּ

proper name (masc.) (י׳ hath strengthened, י׳ strengtheneth; = Assyrian Ḫazaḳi(i)au, Schrader^{Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament} on Melachim Beis 18:1, Jäger^{BAS i, 469}; compare proper name יחזק on seal Gann^{JAs 1883 Feb.–Mar., 134 Noldeke. 7};—on format. see Lagarde^{BN 134})—

Septuagint Εζεκιας, son of Ahaz, King of Judah, seldom †חִזְקִיָּה Melachim Beis 18:1, Melachim Beis 18:10, Melachim Beis 18:14^(×2), Melachim Beis 18:15, Melachim Beis 18:16^(×2), also אַנְשֵׁי ח׳ Mishlei 25:1 †; elsewhere in 2 K (except Melachim Beis 20:10) חִזְקִיָּהוּ: Melachim Beis 16:20; Melachim Beis 18:9 + 34 times, Melachim Beis 18-21 ‖ Yeshaya 36:1 + 31 times, Yeshaya 36-39; also †Yirmiya 26:18, Yirmiya 26:19 Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:13 Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:18, Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:27; Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:24; Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:15; in Ch usually יְחִזְקִיָּהוּ Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:41 Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:27 + 35 times Divrei HaYamim Beis 29-33; also Melachim Beis 20:10 Yirmiya 15:4, and in title Yeshaya 1:1; †יִחִזְקִיָּה Hoshea 1:1 Micha 1:1 †(if י in these three be not textual error for וְ).

חִזְקִיָּה great-great-grandfather of proph. Zephaniah Tzefania 1:1, Septuagint τοῦ Εζεκιου, perhaps = 1.

Septuagint Εζεκια(ς), חִזְקִיָּה man of royal Davidic line Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:23 probably near time of Chr.

יְחִזְקִיָּה, Septuagint Εζεκια(ς), head of a family of returned exiles Ezra 2:16 = חִזְקִיָּה Nechemia 7:20, compare also ח׳ Nechemia 10:18.

יְחִזְקִיָּהוּ Septuagint Εζεκιας, an Ephraimite, Ahaz’s time Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:12.

חֲזִיר

noun (masc.) ^{Tehillim 80:14} swine, boar (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic חֲזִירָא, ܚܙܺܝܪܳܐ; Arabic خِنْزِيرٌ (Aramaic loan-wd. according to Frä ¹¹⁰, yet see Lagarde^{BN 113}); Ethiopic ኀንዚር (only once; = wild boar), see Hom^{NS 319 f. 358, 385})—always st. absolute, 4 times c. art. הַח׳;—

swine, forbidden as food Vayikra 11:7, Devarim 14:8, compare בְּשַׂר הַח׳ Yeshaya 65:4; Yeshaya 66:17, and דַּם־ח׳ Yeshaya 66:3 as heathen offering (Robertson Smith^{Sem i, 272.325.338.392}); with implication of repulsiveness נֶזֶם זָהָב בְּאַף ח׳ Mishlei 11:22 simile of fair woman with doubtful character.

wild boar ח׳ מִיָּ֑עַר Tehillim 80:14 figuratively of foes of Isr. (in figuratively of vineyard).

חֵזִיר

proper name (masc.) (compare inscr. in RA ^{1867, plural 7}, Driver^{Smend xxiii}; Noldeke^{ZMG 1886, 162} ‘pointing ֵto avoid offence;’ but Nbr^{Acad. 1887, Dec. 17} comp. Talm & Targum (חַזּוּרָא, חֵיזוּר, חֲזוּרָא etc.) pomegranate (and apple; Syriac ܚܰܙܘܽܪ, ܚܰܙܘܽܪܳܐ), compare בְּנֵי רִמּוֹן Shmuel Beis 4:2, Shmuel Beis 4:5, Shmuel Beis 4:9)—

a priest of 17th course (assigned to David’s time) Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:15; Septuagint Χηζειν (16th, v Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:14), but A Ιεζειρ, SeptuagintL Χηζειρ.

one of those sealed Nechemia 10:21; Septuagint Ηζειρ, SeptuagintL Αζηρ.

חַח²

see under חוח.

חָטָא

verb miss (a goal or way), go wrong, sin (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic חֲטָא, ܚܛܳܐ; Assyrian ḫaṭû, Zim^{BP 46}; Sabean חֿטא, החֿטא, the same, D.H. Müller in Muhlau-Volck; Arabic خَطِىَٔ do wrong, commit a mistake or an error; ii. make to miss the mark; iv. miss the mark, miss the way; Ethiopic ኀጥአ fail to find or have; sometimes sin, especially in deriv.)—

past (עבר) ח׳ Shemos 32:31 + 29 times, 3rd feminine singular חָֽטְאָה Vayikra 5:15 Eicha 1:8, חָטָ֑אָה Yirmiya 50:14 Yechezkel 16:15, חָטָאת Shemos 5:16, etc., + 82 times past (עבר); future (עתיד) יֶחֱטָא Vayikra 4:3 + 12 times, תֶּחֱטָ֫אוּ Shemos 20:17 Tehillim 4:5, etc. + 20 times future (עתיד); infinitive (מקור) חֲטֹא Yechezkel 3:21 + 8 times, מֵחֲטוֹא Tehillim 39:2, מֵחֲטוֹ (textual error for מחטא) Breishis 20:6, בְּחֶטְאָה Bamidbar 15:28, חֲטֹאתוֹ Yechezkel 33:12 (del. Co); participle (בינוני) חוֹטֵא Mishlei 13:22 + 6 times, חֹטֵא Yeshaya 1:4 Koheles 9:2, חוֹטֶא Yeshaya 65:20 + 2 times, חֹטֶא Koheles 8:12, with suffix חֹטְאִי Mishlei 8:36, plural חֹטִ֯אֿים Shmuel Alef 14:33, with suffix חֹטֵאת Yechezkel 18:4, Yechezkel 18:20;—

miss: לא תחטא thou shalt not miss anything Iyov 5:24, אָץ בְּרַגְלַיִם חוֹטֵא Mishlei 19:2 one hastening with his feet misseth (the way or the goal); חֹטְאִי חֹמֵס נַפְשׁוֹ Mishlei 8:36 the one missing me (Wisdom) is one wronging himself (opposite מֹצְאִי); miss, that is endanger, one’s life Mishlei 20:2 Chavakuk 2:10 according to De VB (others under 3 q.see)

sin, miss the goal or path of right and duty:

against man, absolute Shemos 5:16, Shmuel Alef 26:21 Shmuel Beis 19:21 Melachim Alef 18:9 Melachim Beis 18:14; with לְ of the person against whom or towards whom one sins, Breishis 40:1, Shoftim 11:27 Shmuel Alef 2:25; Shmuel Alef 19:4; Shmuel Alef 24:12, Melachim Alef 8:31 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:22; מה חטאתי לך wherein have I sinned against thee? Breishis 20:9 Yirmiya 37:18; with בְּ, אל תחטאו בילד Breishis 42:22 do not sin against the lad, against David Shmuel Alef 19:4, Shmuel Alef 19:5.

elsewhere always against God, absolute Shemos 20:17, Shemos 9:34 Yehoshua 7:11 Vayikra 4:3; Vayikra 5:1, Vayikra 5:11, Vayikra 5:17, Vayikra 5:21, Vayikra 5:23 Bamidbar 16:22, Nechemia 6:13 Iyov 1:5, Iyov 1:22; Iyov 7:20; Iyov 10:14; Iyov 24:19; Iyov 35:6 Tehillim 4:5; Tehillim 78:32 Yeshaya 43:27; Yeshaya 64:4 Yirmiya 2:35 Eicha 5:7 Yechezkel 3:21^(×2); Yechezkel 16:51; Yechezkel 28:16; Yechezkel 33:12 Hoshea 8:11 (del. Wellhausen ^{Kl. Proph.}), v Hoshea 11:11 Hoshea 10:9; Hoshea 13:2; לא נתתי לחטא חכי I have not permitted my palate to sin Iyov 31:30; participle (בינוני) חֹטֵא, used as adjective, sinful nation Yeshaya 1:4, sinful person Yechezkel 18:4, Yechezkel 18:20; but usually as noun, sinner Mishlei 11:31; Mishlei 13:22; Mishlei 14:21 Koheles 2:26; Koheles 7:26; Koheles 8:12; Koheles 9:2, Koheles 9:18 Yeshaya 65:20. Sin is confessed: חָטָאנוּ we have sinned Bamidbar 14:40; Bamidbar 21:7 Shoftim 10:15 Shmuel Alef 12:10, Melachim Alef 8:47 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:37, Nechemia 1:6 Tehillim 106:6 Eicha 5:16 Daniel 9:5, Daniel 9:15; חטאתי I have sinned Shemos 9:27 Bamidbar 22:34 Shmuel Alef 15:24, Shmuel Alef 15:30 Shmuel Beis 24:10, Shmuel Beis 24:17 Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:8, Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:17 Iyov 33:27. Sin is universal: אין אדם אשׁר לא יחטא there is no man who sinneth not Melachim Alef 8:46 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:36, כי אדם אין צדיק בארץ אשׁר יעשׂה טוב ולא יחטא Koheles 7:20 for man there is none righteous in the earth who doeth good and sinneth not; with לְ, against God Breishis 20:6, Breishis 39:9, Shemos 32:33 Bamidbar 32:33 (both ), Devarim 9:16; Devarim 20:18 Shmuel Alef 2:25; Shmuel Alef 12:23; Shmuel Alef 14:33, Shmuel Alef 14:34, Melachim Alef 8:33, Melachim Alef 8:35, Melachim Alef 8:46, Melachim Alef 8:50 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:24, Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:26, Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:36, Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:39, Melachim Beis 17:7 Hoshea 4:7 Micha 7:9 Tzefania 1:17 Yirmiya 40:3; Yirmiya 44:23; Yirmiya 50:7, Yirmiya 50:14 Yechezkel 14:13 Yeshaya 42:24 Iyov 8:4 Tehillim 78:17; Tehillim 119:11 Nechemia 1:6; in confession חטאתי ל Shemos 10:16 Yehoshua 7:20, Shmuel Beis 12:13 Tehillim 41:5; Tehillim 51:6; חטאנו ל Devarim 1:41 Shoftim 10:10 Shmuel Alef 7:6 Yirmiya 3:25; Yirmiya 8:14; Yirmiya 14:7, Yirmiya 14:20 Daniel 9:8, Daniel 9:11; with בְּ of instr., lips Iyov 2:10, tongue Tehillim 39:2; wherein Yechezkel 37:23 Vayikra 4:23, therein Vayikra 5:22; ellipsis of בְּ in phrase עונם אשׁר ח׳ לי (their) iniquity wherein they sinned against me Yirmiya 33:8^(×2); בשׁגגה by error, unwittingly Vayikra 4:2, Vayikra 4:22, Vayikra 4:27; Vayikra 5:15 Bamidbar 15:27, Bamidbar 15:28 (all P); against thy judgments Nechemia 9:29; with עַל, with regard to Vayikra 5:5 Bamidbar 6:11 Nechemia 13:26; with cognate direct object ח׳ חֲטָאָה Shemos 32:30, Shemos 32:31; חַטָּאת אשׁר ח׳ Bamidbar 12:11 Vayikra 4:3, Vayikra 4:28^(×2), Vayikra 4:35; Vayikra 5:6, Vayikra 5:10, Vayikra 5:13 (all P) Vayikra 19:22^(×2), Devarim 9:18 Melachim Alef 14:16, Melachim Alef 14:22; Melachim Alef 15:30; Melachim Alef 16:13, Melachim Alef 16:19 Melachim Beis 21:17 Yechezkel 18:24; Yechezkel 33:16; חטאת אשׁר ח׳ ל Yirmiya 16:10 Nechemia 1:6; חטאת אשׁר ח׳ על Vayikra 4:14; חֵטְא ח׳ Eicha 1:8; חֵטְא אשׁר ח׳ Devarim 19:15.

incur guilt, penalty by sin, forfeit: וחטאתי לך כל הימים Breishis 43:9 I shall incur the blame of sinning against thee all my days, compare Breishis 44:32; with a direct object חוֹטֵא נפשׁ for feiting one-self, one’s life Mishlei 20:2 Chavakuk 2:10 according to most, yet see under 1.—והביא אשׁמו אשׁר ח׳ Vayikra 5:7, he shall bring his trespass-offering which he has incurred by sin; קרבנו אשׁר ח׳ Vayikra 5:11; את אשׁר ח׳ מן־הקדשׁ ישׁלּם v Vayikra 5:16 what he hath incurred by taking of the holy thing he shall pay.

past (עבר) חִטֵּא Vayikra 14:52; with suffix חִטְּאוֹ Bamidbar 19:19, חִטֵּאתָ Shemos 29:36 + 2 times; 3rd plural חִטְּאוּ Yechezkel 43:22^(×2); future (עתיד) וַיְחַטֵּא Vayikra 8:15; with suffix וַיְחַטְּאֵהוּ Vayikra 9:15, תְּחַטְּאֵנִי Tehillim 51:9, אֲחַטֶּנָּה Breishis 31:39, וַיְחַטְּאוּ Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:24; infinitive (מקור) חַטֵּא Vayikra 14:49 Yechezkel 43:23; participle (בינוני) הַמְחַטֵּא Vayikra 6:19;—

bear loss: אָנֹכִי אֲחַטֶּנָּה I bare the loss of it Breishis 31:39 (E; literally I counted it missing? poss. read אֲחֻטּנה I was made to miss it?).

make a sin-offering: c. with suffix referring to שׂעיר Vayikra 9:15; to sin-offering Vayikra 6:19; על המזבח upon the altar Shemos 29:36 (P; not cleanse the altar Revised Version); ח׳ את דמם המזבחה Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:24 made a sin-offering with their blood on the altar.

purify from sin: the altar, by putting the blood of the sin-offering on its horns, Vayikra 8:15, Yechezkel 43:20, Yechezkel 43:22^(×2), Yechezkel 43:23; the sanctuary, by applying to it the blood of the sin-offering Yechezkel 45:18.

purify from uncleanness: the house of the leper by application of the mixture of living water and blood of the bird Vayikra 14:49, Vayikra 14:52; a person, by application of the mixture of living water and ashes of the red heifer Bamidbar 19:19, by sprinkling with a hyssop sprig Tehillim 51:9.

past (עבר) הֶחֱטִיא Melachim Alef 14:16 + 17 times, הֶחֶטִי֯ (Kesiv error for החטִיא) Melachim Beis 13:6; with suffix הֶחֱטִיאָם Melachim Beis 17:21; plural הֶחֱטִיאוּ Melachim Alef 16:13 Nechemia 13:26; future (עתיד) יַחֲטִא Shoftim 20:16 Melachim Beis 21:11; תַּחֲטִיא Devarim 24:4; וַתַּחֲטִא Melachim Alef 16:2; Melachim Alef 21:22; plural יַחֲטִיאוּ Shemos 23:33; infinitive (מקור) הַחֲטִיא Koheles 5:5 Melachim Alef 16:19 Yirmiya 32:35 (Keri), הַחֲ֯טִי Yirmiya 32:35 (Kesiv error); participle (בינוני) plural construct מַחֲטִיאֵי Yeshaya 29:21;—

miss the mark: קֹלֵעַ בָּאֶבֶן אֶל־הַשַּׂעְרָה וְלֹא יַחֲטִא Shoftim 20:16 slinging with stones at an hair and would not miss.

induce or cause to sin: with direct object Shemos 23:33, Nechemia 13:26; elsewhere in the phrase החטיא את ישׂראל (he) caused Israel to sin Melachim Alef 14:16; Melachim Alef 15:26, Melachim Alef 15:30, Melachim Alef 15:34; Melachim Alef 16:2, Melachim Alef 16:13, Melachim Alef 16:19, Melachim Alef 16:26; Melachim Alef 21:22; Melachim Alef 22:53; Melachim Beis 3:3; Melachim Beis 10:29, Melachim Beis 10:31; Melachim Beis 13:2, Melachim Beis 13:6, Melachim Beis 13:11; Melachim Beis 14:24; Melachim Beis 15:9, Melachim Beis 15:18, Melachim Beis 15:24, Melachim Beis 15:28; Melachim Beis 23:15; c. with suffix ref. to Isr. Melachim Beis 17:21; את יהודה Melachim Beis 21:11, Melachim Beis 21:16 Yirmiya 32:35 (sometimes c. 2nd direct object—חטאת, or אשׁר ref. to חטאת:—Melachim Alef 15:26, Melachim Alef 15:34; Melachim Alef 16:26 Melachim Beis 17:21; Melachim Beis 21:16; probably also Melachim Alef 14:16; Melachim Alef 15:30; Melachim Alef 16:13; no 2nd direct object Melachim Alef 16:2, Melachim Alef 16:19; Melachim Alef 21:22; Melachim Alef 22:53 Melachim Beis 21:11; Melachim Beis 23:15 Yirmiya 32:35; the rest are ambiguous).

bring into guilt, condemnation, punishment: מחטיאי אדם Yeshaya 29:21 who bring a man into condemnation; לא תחטיא את הארץ Devarim 24:4 thou shalt not bring the land into guilt; אל תתן את־פיך לחטיא את־בשׂרך Koheles 5:5 do not permit thy mouth to bring thy flesh into punishment.

future (עתיד) יִתְחַטָּא Bamidbar 19:12 + 4 times, יִתְחַטְּאוּ Bamidbar 8:21, יִתְחַטָּ֑אוּ Iyov 41:17, תִּתְחַטְּאוּ Bamidbar 31:19, תִּתְחַטָּ֑אוּ Bamidbar 31:20;—

miss oneself, lose oneself, figuratively for be bewildered, beside oneself, מִשְּׁבָרִים יִתְחַטָּאוּ Iyov 41:17 by reason of consternation they are beside themselves (‖ יגורו are afraid).

purify oneself from uncleanness, only in P:

Levites Bamidbar 8:21.

those in contact with the dead Bamidbar 19:12, Bamidbar 19:13, Bamidbar 19:20; Bamidbar 31:19, Bamidbar 31:20; with בְּ, בְּמֵי נִדָּה Bamidbar 31:23; by a mixture of ashes of the red heifer with fresh water Bamidbar 19:12.

חֵטְא

noun (masc.) ^{Devarim 15:9} sin (on format. see Lagarde^{BN 142})—ח׳ Vayikra 19:17 + 15 times; with suffix חֶטְאוֹ Vayikra 24:15 + 5 times, חֲטָאָו֯ Eicha 3:39, חֶטְאָם Vayikra 20:20; plural חֲטָאִים Koheles 10:4; construct חֲטָאֵי Melachim Beis 10:29 Yechezkel 23:49; with suffix חֲטָאַי Breishis 41:9, חֲטָאָ֑י Yeshaya 38:17 Tehillim 51:11, חֲטָאֵינוּ Daniel 9:16 Tehillim 103:10, חֲטָאֵיכֶם Yeshaya 1:18;—

sin:

against man Breishis 41:9 Koheles 10:4.

elsewhere ag. God, absolute Yeshaya 31:7 Hoshea 12:9; ח׳ חָטָא Eicha 1:8 compare Devarim 19:15 Melachim Beis 10:29; ח׳ משׁפט מות sin worthy of death Devarim 21:22 = ח׳ מות Devarim 22:26; with בְּ, because of, Daniel 9:16; God is entreated: hide thy face from my sins Tehillim 51:11; and it is said in faith, thou wilt cast behind thy back all my sins Yeshaya 38:17.

guilt of sin: היה חטא ב sin (the guilt of sin) come on one Devarim 15:9; Devarim 23:22, Devarim 23:23; Devarim 24:15; בחטאו מת in his sin (guilt) die Bamidbar 27:3; אישׁ בחטאו each for his own sin Devarim 24:16 + Melachim Beis 14:16 + Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:4; בחטא יחמתני אמי Tehillim 51:7 in sin (condition of sin and guilt) my mother conceived me; אם חטאיכם כשׁנים Yeshaya 1:18 though your sins be like scarlet(in guilt); לא כחטאינו עשׂה לנו Tehillim 103:10 not according to our sins (their guilt) hath he done to us.

punishment for sin: נשׂא ח׳ bear sin (its punishment) Vayikra 20:20; Vayikra 24:15, Bamidbar 9:13; Bamidbar 18:22; with עַל, bear sin because of Vayikra 19:17; Vayikra 22:9 Bamidbar 18:32; bear sins of idols (in worshipping idols) Yechezkel 23:49; the ideal servant of Yahweh bore the sins of many Yeshaya 53:12; without נשׂא, only Eicha 3:39 גבר על חטאו (wherefore doth) a man (complain) for the punishment of his sin?

חַטָּאָה

noun (fem.) sinful thing, sin, Shemos 34:7 Yeshaya 5:18.

חֲטָאָה

noun (fem.) sin, sin-offering (?)—

sin, chiefly in the phrase ח׳ גְדֹלָה great sin Breishis 20:9 Shemos 32:21, Shemos 32:30, Shemos 32:31, Melachim Beis 17:21; כְּסוּי ח׳ Tehillim 32:1 he whose sin is covered is blessed; but the prayer of the wicked becomes sin when he is judged Tehillim 109:7.

sin-offering (according to most) עולה וחטאה Tehillim 40:7 whole burnt-offering and sin-offering (so old versions Gesenius' Thesaurus Muhlau-Volck Siegfried-Stade and elsewhere, but < whole burnt-offering with sin see Br^{MP 329}).

חַטָּאת

noun (fem.) ^{Shmuel Alef 14:38} (Breishis 4:7 no exception for רֹבֵץ is noun = crouching beast) sin, sin-offering, ח׳ Breishis 4:7 + 124 times; לְחַטָּ֯ת Bamidbar 15:24 (textual error for לחטאת), לְחַטַּאת Zecharia 13:1 (but read לְחַטָּאת Stade^{journal ZAW i. 35}); construct חַטַּאת Shemos 30:10 + 19 times; with suffix חַטָּאתִי Breishis 31:36 + 16 times; חַטָּאתֹיו֯ Melachim Alef 16:26, חַטַּאתְכֶם Shemos 32:30 + 3 times, etc., + 52 times with suffix; plural חַטָּאוֹת Melachim Beis 12:17 + 3 times; construct חַטֹּאות Tehillim 25:7 + 17 times; חַטֹּאת Bamidbar 5:6 + 6 times; with suffix חַטֹּאותָ֑י Tehillim 25:18; חַטֹּאתָו֯ Yechezkel 18:21; Yechezkel 33:16, etc., + 40 times with suffix;—

sin:

against man Breishis 31:36; Breishis 50:17, Bamidbar 12:11 Shmuel Alef 20:1; ח׳ אדם sins against man Bamidbar 5:6. Elsewhere

against God Vayikra 4:14, Vayikra 4:23, Vayikra 4:28, Shmuel Alef 2:17; Shmuel Alef 14:38 Melachim Alef 16:13^(×2) Melachim Beis 21:16, Melachim Beis 21:17 Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:19 Yeshaya 3:9; Yeshaya 30:1; Yeshaya 58:1; Yeshaya 59:2, Yeshaya 59:12 Yirmiya 5:25; Yirmiya 16:10, Yirmiya 16:18; Yirmiya 30:14, Yirmiya 30:15; Yirmiya 50:20 Eicha 4:6, Eicha 4:22 Yechezkel 16:51; Yechezkel 18:14; Yechezkel 21:29; Yechezkel 33:10, Yechezkel 33:16 Amos 5:12 (Wellhausen ^{Kl. Proph.} reads חטאיכם, as s 1:18—see חֵטא—on direct object of masculine עצומים), Micha 1:13; Micha 3:8 Tehillim 32:5; Tehillim 51:5; Tehillim 59:4 Mishlei 5:22; Mishlei 13:6; Mishlei 14:34; Mishlei 21:4; Mishlei 24:9 Iyov 13:23^(×2) Daniel 9:20^(×2) ח׳ נעורי sins of my youth Tehillim 25:7; פרי בטני ח׳ נפשׁי Micha 6:7 fruit of my body (my child as an offering) for the sin of myself; sin of divination Shmuel Alef 15:23; of the mouth Tehillim 59:13; ח׳ עמי יאכלו Hoshea 4:8 the sin of my people they eat (gain their daily food by means of it, compare Wellhausen; Targum Hitzig Or and elsewhere sin-offering, but this not elsewhere in early proph., and ‖ עָוֹן against it, see Wellhausen^{Prol. 3. 76}); לפתח חטאת רבץ Breishis 4:7 at the door (of Cain) sin is a crouching beast; sin of the people is embodied in the golden calf Devarim 9:21; and the high places of Beth Aven Hoshea 10:8; c. בְּ on the ground of sin Nechemia 9:37; for sin Micha 1:5 Melachim Beis 24:3 Yeshaya 40:2 Yirmiya 15:13; Yirmiya 17:3 Yechezkel 16:52; with or by sin Melachim Alef 14:22; Melachim Alef 16:2 Yeshaya 43:24; הלך בח׳ walk in sin Melachim Alef 15:3, Melachim Alef 15:26, Melachim Alef 15:34; Melachim Alef 16:19, Melachim Alef 16:26, Melachim Alef 16:31 Melachim Beis 17:22; דבק בח׳ cleave unto sin Melachim Beis 3:3; c. עַל, on account of sin Devarim 9:18 Melachim Alef 15:30; Melachim Alef 16:19 Micha 6:13; for sin Vayikra 4:3, Vayikra 4:28, Vayikra 4:35; Vayikra 5:6, Vayikra 5:13 Vayikra 19:22; Vayikra 26:18, Vayikra 26:24, Vayikra 26:28; יסף על ח׳ add unto sin Shmuel Alef 12:19 Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:13 Yeshaya 30:1 Iyov 34:37; c. כְּ according to sin Vayikra 26:21; c. לְ to or for sin Vayikra 16:16, Vayikra 16:21 Devarim 19:15 Melachim Alef 12:30; Melachim Alef 13:34 Mishlei 10:16 Zecharia 13:1; c. מִן because of sin Vayikra 4:26; Vayikra 5:6, Vayikra 5:10; Vayikra 16:34, Vayikra 19:22, Eicha 4:13; more than sin Iyov 35:3; טָהַרְתִּי מֵחַטָּאתִי I am clean from my sin Mishlei 20:9; מפני ח׳ because of sin Tehillim 38:4; בגלל ח׳ because of sin Melachim Alef 14:16; הלך אחר ח׳ walk after sin Melachim Beis 13:2.

men should return from sin שׁוּב מִן Melachim Alef 8:35 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:26, Yechezkel 18:21; Yechezkel 33:14; depart from it סוּר מֵעַל Melachim Beis 10:31; Melachim Beis 15:18; סוּר מן Melachim Beis 13:6, Melachim Beis 13:11; Melachim Beis 14:24; Melachim Beis 15:9, Melachim Beis 15:24, Melachim Beis 15:28; be concerned about דאג מן Tehillim 38:19; confess הִתְוַדָּה ח׳ Bamidbar 5:7; התודה על ח׳ Nechemia 1:6; Nechemia 9:2.

God deals with sin: (1) he visits punishment upon it (על) פקד Shemos 32:34 Hoshea 8:13; Hoshea 9:9 Yirmiya 14:10; inquires after it דרשׁ ל Iyov 10:6; watches over it שׁמר על Iyov 14:16; hoards it up Hoshea 13:12; (2) by forgiveness: נשׂא ח׳ Shemos 10:17; Shemos 32:32, Shmuel Alef 15:25; נשׂא עון ח׳ Tehillim 32:5; נשׂא לח׳ Yehoshua 24:19, Tehillim 25:18; pardon סלח לח׳ Shemos 34:9 Melachim Alef 8:34, Melachim Alef 8:36 Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:25, Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:27; Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:14 Yirmiya 36:3; removal הסר Yeshaya 27:9; העביר Shmuel Beis 12:13; casting into the depths of the sea Micha 7:19; (3) by covering over, making atonement for חַטָּֽאתְךָ תְּכֻפָּ֑ר Yeshaya 6:7 thy sin shall be covered over; actively, כפּר עַל ח׳ Tehillim 79:9; כסּה ח׳ Tehillim 85:3 (compare כְּסוּי חֲטָאָה Tehillim 32:1); לְהָתֵם ח׳ (Keri) make an end of sins Daniel 9:24; (4) by blotting out מחה ח׳ Yeshaya 44:22 Yirmiya 18:23 Tehillim 109:14 Nechemia 3:37; cleanse from sin טַהֲרֵנִי מח׳ Tehillim 51:4; מקוֹר לח׳ a fountain for sin Zecharia 13:1; (5) by not remembering it לא זכר ח׳ Yeshaya 43:25; לח׳ לא זכר Yirmiya 31:34; אַל־תֵּפֶן אֶל־חַטָּאתוֹ Devarim 9:27 look not unto his sin.

atonement may be secured for, כפּר בעד ח׳ Shemos 32:30 (Moses, by his intercession).

according to P the priest is to make atonement for a person (כפּר על) by sin-offering or trespass-offering, מח׳ because of sin Vayikra 4:26; Vayikra 5:6, Vayikra 5:10; Vayikra 16:34; על ח׳ Vayikra 4:35; Vayikra 5:13 (all P), Vayikra 19:22 (H; see Wellhausen^{Comp, 59 = JBTh xxii, 427}), so that the man is clean from sin טהר מח׳ Vayikra 16:30.

condition of sin, guilt of sin Breishis 18:20 Bamidbar 16:26; Bamidbar 32:23, Yechezkel 3:20; Yechezkel 18:24, ח׳ יְהוּדָה חֲרוּשָׁה עַל־לוּחַ לִבָּם וּלְקַרְנוֹת מִזְבְּחוֹתֵיכֶם the sin (guilt) of Judah is graven upon the table of their heart, and upon the horns of your altars Yirmiya 17:1.

punishment for sin: זֹאת תִּהְיֶה ח׳ מִצְרָ֑יִם וח׳ כָל־הַגּוֹיִם Zecharia 14:19 this will be the punishment for sin of Egypt and the punishment for sin of all nations (the plague with which Yahweh will smite them).

sin-offering: one of the kinds of offering of P, Vayikra 7:37; first in the history Melachim Beis 12:17 (reign of Jehoash), where חטּאת of money given to priests; elsewhere only in Chr.; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:21, Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:23, Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:24 Hezekiah had made a ח׳ of 7 צְפִירֵי עִזִּים at purification of temple; Ezra 8:35; Ezra 8:12 צְפִירֵי ח׳ were offered; Nechemia 10:34 ח׳ ‖ עולות;—in these no evidence of special ritual. Sin-offering elsewhere only in codes of H Ez and P.—On Hoshea 4:8 see 1 above In H, Vayikra 23:19 a שׂעיר עזים, for feast of weeks. In Ez ח׳ in generally ‖ other sacrifices, Yechezkel 40:39; Yechezkel 45:17, Yechezkel 45:25; Yechezkel 46:20; and priests eat them Yechezkel 42:13; Yechezkel 44:29. At dedication of altar, the blood of a young bullock was to be applied to horns of altar, the corners of its settle and its border, the bullock itself burnt without the sanctuary; for each of the 7 days following a שׂעיר עזים was to be offered Yechezkel 43:19, Yechezkel 43:21, Yechezkel 43:22, Yechezkel 43:25. On first day of first month a young bullock was to be offered to cleanse the sanctuary: its blood upt on the door posts of the house and of the gate of the inner court and on the four corners of the settle of the altar; also on the seventh day (Septuagint first day of seventh month) Yechezkel 45:17, Yechezkel 45:19 (compare v Yechezkel 45:18, Yechezkel 45:20). On 14th day of first month the prince was to offer a bullock for himself and the people and on each of the 7 days of the Passover week a שׂעיר עזים Yechezkel 45:22, Yechezkel 45:23. When a priest entered the sanctuary to minister after his cleansing he was to offer his sin-offering Yechezkel 44:27. P gives several grades:

a ruler should offer a he-goat Vayikra 4:24, Vayikra 4:25 Bamidbar 7:16, Bamidbar 7:22, Bamidbar 7:28, Bamidbar 7:34, Bamidbar 7:40, Bamidbar 7:46, Bamidbar 7:52, Bamidbar 7:58, Bamidbar 7:64, Bamidbar 7:70, Bamidbar 7:76, Bamidbar 7:82, Bamidbar 7:87; an ordinary person a she-goat Vayikra 4:29 (compare v Vayikra 4:28) Vayikra 5:6 Bamidbar 15:27, ewe lamb Vayikra 4:32, Vayikra 4:33^(×2), Vayikra 4:34; Vayikra 14:19 Bamidbar 6:14, Bamidbar 6:16, a turtle dove or young pigeon Vayikra 5:7, Vayikra 5:8, Vayikra 5:9^(×2); Vayikra 12:6, Vayikra 12:8; Vayikra 14:22, Vayikra 14:31; Vayikra 15:15, Vayikra 15:30 Bamidbar 6:11, or one-tenth of an ephah of fine flour Vayikra 5:11^(×2), Vayikra 5:12; according to ability of the person, and nature of offence. The victim was brought unto the tent of meeting, the hands of the offerer laid on its head, it was slaughtered by the offerer, the priest took some of the blood and put it on horns of altar of burnt-offering and the rest of the blood he poured out at the base of it, to cover over the sin, or cleanse the altar from the sin defiling it. All the fat pieces (compare Vayikra 4:22-35) and a handful of the flour (compare Vayikra 5:12) were burned on altar. The rest of the flesh and the flour were eaten by priests in court of Holy place Vayikra 5:13; Vayikra 6:10, Vayikra 6:18^(×2), Vayikra 6:23 (compare v Vayikra 6:11, Vayikra 6:19), Vayikra 7:7; Vayikra 10:16, Vayikra 10:17, Vayikra 10:19^(×2); Vayikra 14:13 Bamidbar 18:9.

a bullock was offered for priests Shemos 29:14, Shemos 29:36 Vayikra 4:3, Vayikra 4:8, Vayikra 4:20; Vayikra 8:2, Vayikra 8:14⁽×2⁾; Vayikra 9:2, Vayikra 9:7, Vayikra 9:8, Vayikra 9:10; for Levites at their installation Bamidbar 8:3, Bamidbar 8:12 and for whole congregation Vayikra 4:14, Vayikra 4:21; but usually offering for congregation was he-goat Bamidbar 15:24, Bamidbar 15:25, especially at dedication of altar Vayikra 9:3, Vayikra 9:15, Vayikra 9:22, and in ritual of feasts Bamidbar 28:15, Bamidbar 28:22, Bamidbar 28:30; Bamidbar 29:5, Bamidbar 29:11, Bamidbar 29:16, Bamidbar 29:19, Bamidbar 29:22, Bamidbar 29:25, Bamidbar 29:28, Bamidbar 29:31, Bamidbar 29:34, Bamidbar 29:38. Before consecr. of tabernacle the blood went to altar of burnt-offering (Vayikra 9:9), but subsequ. some of it was sprinkled seven times before the vail and some of it put on horns of altar of incense to cleanse this higher altar; the fat pieces were burned on altar of burnt-offering, and the rest of the victim burned without the camp (Vayikra 4:3-21; Vayikra 6:23; Vayikra 8:16, Vayikra 8:17; Vayikra 9:10, Vayikra 9:11).

on day of atonement, sin-offering for high priest was a bullock Vayikra 16:3, Vayikra 16:6; and for congregation two he-goats, one לַעֲזָאזֵל (see עזאזל) Vayikra 16:5 (compare v Vayikra 16:8, Vayikra 16:10, Vayikra 16:20-22), the other for sacrifice ליהוה Vayikra 16:9 (compare v Vayikra 19:8). Some of the blood of Aaron’s bullock was first taken into innermost sanctuary and sprinkled on the כפרת and seven times before it; so also blood of the he-goat Vayikra 16:11^(×2), Vayikra 16:15 (compare v Vayikra 16:12-14, Vayikra 16:16, Vayikra 16:17) to cleanse highest altar: then the blood of the two victims was applied to lower altars as in a and b and so sin was covered over at the three altars Shemos 30:10 (compare Vayikra 16:16-19). The fat pieces went to altar of burnt-offering and the rest of the victims was burnt without the camp Vayikra 16:25, Vayikra 16:27^(×2). (Sins which might be covered over were limited to those committed בשׁגגה Vayikra 4:2, Vayikra 4:22, Vayikra 4:27 Bamidbar 15:27, לשׁגגה Bamidbar 15:24, minor offences Vayikra 5:1-6; and ceremonial uncleanness Vayikra 12:6, Vayikra 12:8; Vayikra 14:13; Vayikra 15:15 Bamidbar 6:11, Bamidbar 6:14.)—Phrases for sacrificing are: עשׂה ח׳ Vayikra 9:7, Vayikra 9:22 Vayikra 14:19 Bamidbar 6:16 Yechezkel 45:17, הקריב ח׳ Vayikra 10:19 Yechezkel 44:27, שׁחט ח׳ Vayikra 14:13 Yechezkel 40:39.

purification from sins of ceremonial uncleanness, all P: מֵי ח׳ Bamidbar 8:7 water of purification from sin; מֵי נִדָּה ח׳ הוּא water of (cleansing from) impurity, it is a purification from sin Bamidbar 19:9; עֲפַר שְׂרֵפַת הח׳ Bamidbar 19:17 ashes of the burning of the purification from sin (Revised Version renders sin-offering; but there was no offering made, only water of purification was used).

חֲטֻבוֹת

noun (fem.)plural dark-hued stuffs, only in חֲטֻבֿוֹת אֵטוּן מִצְרַיִם Mishlei 7:16 dark-hued stuffs (of) yarn of Egypt (‖ מַרְבַֿדִּים), see De Nowack; מְחֻטָּבוֹת Tehillim 144:12 der. from this √ by De (q.see, and Wetzt.’s n.), but see I. חטב.

חִטָּה

wheat, see under חנט.

חֲטִיטָא

proper name (masc.) head of a Levit. family, returned exiles Ezra 2:42 Septuagint Ατητα, = Nechemia 7:44 Septuagint Ατειτα, in both A Ατιτα, SeptuagintL Αζιζα.

חַטִּיל

proper name (masc.) head of a family of ‘the children of Sol.’s servants’ Ezra 2:57 Septuagint Αττεια, A Αττιλ = Nechemia 7:58 Septuagint Εγηλ, A Εττηλ, SeptuagintL Αττιλ in both.

חֲטִיפָא

proper name (masc.) head of a family of Nethinim, post-exil., Ezra 2:54 Septuagint Ατουφα, A Ατιφα = Nechemia 7:55 Septuagint Ατειφα; SeptuagintL both Ατουφα.

חֹ֫טֶר

noun (masc.) branch or twig, rod—metaphorically absolute ח׳ branch, twig, Yeshaya 11:1 ויצא ח׳ מִגֶּזַע יִשָׁ֑י (‖ נֵצֶר); construct rod, בְּפִי־אֱוִיל חֹטֶר גַּאֲוָ֑ה Mishlei 14:3.

חַטּוּשׁ

proper name (masc.)

man of Davidic line, post-exil., Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:22 Septuagint Χαττους SeptuagintL Ατους, Ezra 8:2 Septuagint Τους, ASeptuagintL Αττους.

a builder at the wall of Jerus. Nechemia 3:10, Septuagint Ατουθ, SeptuagintL Αττους.

head of a priestly house, post-exil., Nechemia 10:5 Septuagint Τους, SeptuagintL Αττους, Nechemia 12:2 SeptuagintL Αττους (B om.); relation to 2 dubious.compare Nabataean חטישו, Cooke ²⁴⁵.

חַי

see under חיה below

חִידָה²

see under חוד.

חָיָה

verb live (Mishnaic Hebrew Phoenician the same; Arabic حَىَّ, حَيِىَ; Sabean חיו Mordt^{ZMG 1876, 28}; Ethiopic ሐይወ Aramaic ܚܝܳܐ, חֲיָא; Palmyrene חיי life, life-time, Vog ^{32, 74})—

past (עבר) חָיָה Koheles 6:6 + 4 times; יְ֯חָיָה Yirmiya 21:9; Yirmiya 38:2; חַי Breishis 5:5 + 23 times (this and the following form are treated as ע״ע, the original weakness of the stem final י admitting of either ל״ה or ע״ע, Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 761); וְחֵי Vayikra 25:36 (Böttcher's Hebrew Grammar § 1181); 3rd feminine singular חָֽיְתָה Breishis 12:13 Yirmiya 38:17; וָחָ֑יָה Shemos 1:16 (for חַיָּה Böttcher's Hebrew Grammar § 1123 (3), Sam. חיתה); 2nd masculine singular חָיִיתָ Devarim 30:16, חָיִתָה Yirmiya 38:17; 3rd masculine plural תָיוּ Bamidbar 14:38, וְחָיוּ consec. Bamidbar 4:19 + Zecharia 10:9 (where read Pi. וְתִיּוּ Stade^{journal ZAW i, 1881, 22} so Septuagint), וִחְיִיתֶם Yechezkel 37:5 + 2 times; future (עתיד) יִחְיֶה Breishis 17:18 + 27 times; יְחִי Devarim 33:6 + 10 times; וִיתִי Tehillim 49:10 + 2 times; וְיֶ֑חִי Yeshaya 38:21, וַיְחִי Breishis 5:3 + 37 times; וַיֶּ֑חִי Devarim 4:33 + 4 times; 3rd feminine singular תִּחְיַה Yehoshua 6:17, תְּחִי Breishis 19:20 + 5 times; 2nd masculine singular תִּחְיֶה Breishis 27:40 + 7 times; 2nd feminine singular תִּחְיִי Melachim Beis 4:7; 1st singular אֶחְיֶה Melachim Beis 1:2 + 8 times; 3rd masculine plural יִחְיוּ Yehoshua 9:21 + 8 times; 3rd feminine plural תִּחְיֶינָה Yechezkel 13:19; Yechezkel 37:3; 2nd masculine plural תִּחְיוּ Devarim 4:1 + 2 times; תִּחְיוּן Devarim 5:27; Devarim 8:1; 1st plural נִחְיֶה Melachim Beis 7:4 + 7 times; imperative (ציווי) וֶחְיֵה Breishis 20:7 Mishlei 4:4, וֶחְיֶ֯ה Mishlei 7:2; fs. חֲיִי Yechezkel 16:6^(×2); mpl. וִחְיוּ Breishis 42:18 + 7 times; infinitive (מקור) absolute חָיֹה Melachim Beis 8:10 + 6 times; חָיוֹ Yechezkel 3:21 + 3 times; construct לִחְיוֹת Yechezkel 33:12, with suffix חֲיוֹתָם Yehoshua 5:8;—

live:

have life, Breishis 31:32, Shemos 33:20, Bamidbar 4:19, Devarim 30:16 +; also in phrase וַיְחִי and he lived (so many years) with direct object of time, Breishis 5:3-30 (16 times) Breishis 9:28; Breishis 11:11-26 (14 times) Breishis 47:28 (all P), Breishis 50:22, Melachim Beis 14:17 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:25 Iyov 42:16.

continue in life, remain alive Breishis 20:7, Vayikra 25:36 Shmuel Beis 12:22 +; also †ח׳ נפשׁ live, of the soul or the self Breishis 12:13; Breishis 19:20, Melachim Alef 20:32 Tehillim 119:175 Yirmiya 38:2, Yirmiya 38:17, Yirmiya 38:20 Yeshaya 55:3; וְחַי הַיָּ֑לֶד and the boy may live Shmuel Beis 12:22; †ח׳ לִפְנֵי live in the presence of Breishis 17:18 Hoshea 6:2; †ח׳ ב׳ live among Eicha 4:20.

sustain life, live on or upon (על), of the animal life, by the sword Breishis 27:40, by bread Devarim 8:3; elsewhere in pregnant sense of fulness of life in divine favour, sustained by (על) everything that issueth out of the mouth of י׳ Devarim 8:3; his promises (?) Yeshaya 38:16; of wicked man, by repentance Yechezkel 33:19; c. בְּ by the statutes and judgments of י׳ if a man do them, Vayikra 18:5 Yechezkel 20:11, Yechezkel 20:13, Yechezkel 20:21, Yechezkel 20:25 Nechemia 9:29; צַדִּיק בֶּאֱמוּנָתוֹ יִחְיֶה a righteous man by his faithfulness shall live Chavakuk 2:4.

live(prosperously) יְחִי הַמֶּלֶך may the king live Shmuel Alef 10:24 Shmuel Beis 16:16^(×2) Melachim Alef 1:25, Melachim Alef 1:31, Melachim Alef 1:34, Melachim Alef 1:39 Melachim Beis 11:12 Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:11; יְחִי לְבַבְכֶם Tehillim 22:27; Tehillim 69:33; המלך לעולם יחיה Nechemia 2:3.

be quickened, revive:

from sickness Bamidbar 21:8, Bamidbar 21:9 Yehoshua 5:8 Melachim Beis 1:2; Melachim Beis 8:8, Melachim Beis 8:9, Melachim Beis 8:10, Melachim Beis 8:14; Melachim Beis 20:1, Melachim Beis 20:7 = Yeshaya 38:1, Yeshaya 38:9, Yeshaya 38:21.

from discouragement of the spirit Breishis 45:27.

from faintness Shoftim 15:19.

from death Melachim Beis 13:21 Iyov 14:14 Yeshaya 26:14, Yeshaya 26:19; by return of נפשׁ Melachim Alef 17:22, of רוּחַ Yechezkel 37:3, Yechezkel 37:5, Yechezkel 37:6, Yechezkel 37:9, Yechezkel 37:10, Yechezkel 37:14 (and so Shoftim 15:19 c).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular חִיָּה Tehillim 22:30; 3rd feminine singular with suffix חִיָּ֑תְנִי Tehillim 119:50; 2nd masculine singular with suffix חִיִּיתַנִי Tehillim 30:4; חִיִּיתָ֑נִי Tehillim 119:93; 3rd plural חִיּוּ Shoftim 21:14, הַחִיִּיתֶם Bamidbar 31:15; future (עתיד) יְחַיֶּה Shmuel Alef 27:9 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) with suffix חַיֵּנִי Tehillim 119:25 + 8 times, חַיֵּיהוּ Chavakuk 3:2; infinitive (מקור) construct חַיּוֹת Breishis 7:3 Yechezkel 13:19; with suffix חַיֹּתֵנוּ Devarim 6:24 +, etc.; participle (בינוני) מְחַיֶּה Nechemia 9:6 Shmuel Alef 2:6;—

preserve alive, let live Shemos 1:17, Shemos 1:18, Shemos 1:22; Shemos 22:17 Yehoshua 9:15, Breishis 12:12, Bamidbar 31:15, Devarim 6:24; Devarim 20:16 Shoftim 21:14 Shmuel Alef 27:9, Shmuel Alef 27:11 Melachim Alef 18:5 Melachim Beis 7:4 Yirmiya 49:11 Yechezkel 3:18 Chavakuk 3:2 Iyov 36:6 Tehillim 30:4; Tehillim 33:19; Tehillim 41:3; Tehillim 138:7; ח׳ נפשׁ preserve oneself alive Tehillim 22:30 Yechezkel 18:27, or preserve persons alive Shemos 13:18, Shemos 13:19, or preserve life Melachim Alef 20:31; ח׳ זרע preserve seed alive Breishis 7:3; Breishis 19:32, Breishis 19:34; keep in existence heaven and earth Nechemia 9:6; nourish, young cow Yeshaya 7:21, lamb Shmuel Beis 12:3.

give life, to man when created Iyov 33:4.

quicken, revive, refresh:

restore to life, the dead Shmuel Alef 2:6 Devarim 32:39 Hoshea 6:2; the dying Tehillim 71:20.

cause to grow, grain Hoshea 14:8.

restore, a ruined city Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:8, stones destroyed by fire Nechemia 3:34.

revive, the people of י׳ by י׳ himself with fulness of life in his favour Tehillim 80:19; Tehillim 85:7; Tehillim 119:25, Tehillim 119:37, Tehillim 119:40, Tehillim 119:50, Tehillim 119:88, Tehillim 119:93, Tehillim 119:107, Tehillim 119:149, Tehillim 119:154, Tehillim 119:156, Tehillim 119:159; Tehillim 143:11 Koheles 7:12.

past (עבר) הֶחֱיָה Yehoshua 6:25 + 5 times; 2nd masculine singular with suffix הֶחֱיִתָנוּ Breishis 47:25; 1st singular הֶחֱיֵיתִי Bamidbar 22:33, הַחֲיִתֶם Yehoshua 2:13 Shoftim 8:19; imperative (ציווי) with suffix הַחֲיֵינִי Yeshaya 38:16; הַחֲיוּ Bamidbar 31:18; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַחֲיֵה Yehoshua 9:20; construct הַחֲיוֹת Breishis 6:20 + 6 times; הַחֲיֹת Breishis 6:19; Breishis 50:20; with suffix הַחֲיֹתוֹ Yechezkel 13:22;—

preserve alive, let live Breishis 45:7; Breishis 50:20 Breishis 47:25 Bamidbar 22:33 Yehoshua 2:13; Yehoshua 6:25 (all J), Yehoshua 14:10; Breishis 6:19, Breishis 6:20 Bamidbar 31:18 Yehoshua 9:20, Shoftim 8:19 Shmuel Beis 8:2 Yechezkel 13:22; with נפשׁ Breishis 19:19.

quicken, revive:

restore to health, a leper Melachim Beis 5:7, Hezekiah Yeshaya 38:16.

revive the לֵב and רוּחַ Yeshaya 57:15^(×2).

restore to life, the dead Melachim Beis 8:1, Melachim Beis 8:5^(×3).

חַי²

adjective alive, living;—ח׳ Breishis 25:6 +; חָ֑י Breishis 3:20 +, חֵי Amos 8:14 + 15 times (Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 329 explains as construct, but Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 93, R 7 n. and elsewhere as contracted absolute); f. חַיָּה Breishis 1:20 +; plural חַיִּים Tehillim 116:9 +;—

of God, as the living one, the fountain of life אֵל חַי Yehoshua 3:10, Hoshea 2:1 Tehillim 42:3; Tehillim 84:3; אלהים חי Melachim Beis 19:4, Melachim Beis 19:16 = Yeshaya 37:4, Yeshaya 37:17; אלהים חיים Devarim 5:20 Shmuel Alef 17:26, Shmuel Alef 17:36 Yirmiya 10:10; Yirmiya 23:36; חי יהוה Yahweh is living Tehillim 18:47 = Shmuel Beis 22:47; גאלי חי my avenger is living Iyov 19:25; the formula of the oath is חַי י׳ Shoftim 8:19 Rus 3:13 Shmuel Alef 14:39, Shmuel Alef 14:45; Shmuel Alef 19:6; Shmuel Alef 20:3, Shmuel Alef 20:21; Shmuel Alef 25:34; Shmuel Alef 26:10, Shmuel Alef 26:16; Shmuel Alef 28:10; Shmuel Alef 29:6 Shmuel Beis 4:9; Shmuel Beis 12:5; Shmuel Beis 14:11; Shmuel Beis 15:21 Melachim Alef 1:29; Melachim Alef 2:24; Melachim Alef 17:1, Melachim Alef 17:12; Melachim Alef 18:10; Melachim Alef 22:14 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:13, Melachim Beis 5:16, Melachim Beis 5:20 Hoshea 4:15 Yirmiya 4:2; Yirmiya 5:2; Yirmiya 12:16; Yirmiya 16:14, Yirmiya 16:15; Yirmiya 23:7, Yirmiya 23:8; Yirmiya 38:16; חי אל Iyov 27:2; חי האלהים Shmuel Beis 2:27; חי אדני י׳ Yirmiya 44:26; חי י׳ צבאות Melachim Alef 18:15 Melachim Beis 3:14; as used by God Himself it is חי אנכי Devarim 32:40, elsewhere חי אני Bamidbar 14:21, Bamidbar 14:28 Yeshaya 49:18; Yirmiya 22:24; Yirmiya 46:18 Yechezkel 5:11; Yechezkel 14:16, Yechezkel 14:18, Yechezkel 14:20; Yechezkel 16:48; Yechezkel 17:16, Yechezkel 17:19; Yechezkel 18:3; Yechezkel 20:3, Yechezkel 20:31, Yechezkel 20:33; Yechezkel 33:11, Yechezkel 33:27; Yechezkel 34:8; Yechezkel 35:6, Yechezkel 35:11 Tzefania 2:9, compare also חֵי דרך באר שׁבע, חֵי אלהיך דן Amos 8:14; with the exception of בְּחֵי הָעֹולָם by him who liveth for ever Daniel 12:7, חֵי is always (as an artificial distinction of scribes) used of non-sacred oaths, see b.

of man; אָדָם חַי a living man Eicha 3:39, in antith. מֵת: חי חי Yeshaya 38:19; הַחַי collective Koheles 7:2; Absalom Shmuel Beis 19:7; Naboth Melachim Alef 21:15; a son or lad Shmuel Beis 12:21 Melachim Alef 3:22^(×2), Melachim Alef 3:23^(×2), Melachim Alef 3:25, Melachim Alef 3:26^(×2), Melachim Alef 3:27; Melachim Alef 17:23; usually plural חיים alive, living Bamidbar 16:30, Bamidbar 16:33, Bamidbar 17:13, Devarim 4:4; Devarim 5:3 Yeshaya 8:19 Tehillim 55:16; Tehillim 124:3 Mishlei 1:12 Koheles 4:2^(×2), Koheles 4:15; Koheles 6:8; Koheles 9:4, Koheles 9:5 Rus 2:20; taking prisoners alive Yehoshua 8:23 Shmuel Alef 15:8 Melachim Alef 20:18^(×2) Melachim Beis 7:12; Melachim Beis 10:14^(×2) Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:12; living (prosperously) Shmuel Alef 25:6 (Wellhausen reads לָחִי = לְאָחִי (see Klostermann Driver) to my brother, after Vulgate fratribus meis); elsewhere in phrase כל־הימים אשׁר הֵם (אַתֶּם) היים על (פני) האדמה all the days that they (ye) live upon (the face of) the land Devarim 4:10; Devarim 12:1; Devarim 31:13 Melachim Alef 8:40 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:31. Note phrases: עוֹד חַי (ים) yet alive Breishis 25:6; Breishis 43:7, Breishis 43:27, Breishis 43:28; Breishis 45:28; Breishis 46:30, Breishis 45:3, Breishis 45:26 Shemos 4:18, Devarim 31:27 Shmuel Alef 20:14 Shmuel Beis 12:22; Shmuel Beis 18:14 Melachim Alef 20:32; בהיות חי Shmuel Beis 12:18 Melachim Alef 12:6 Divrei HaYamim Beis 10:6; אֶרֶץ (הַ)חַיִים land of the living Yeshaya 38:11; Yeshaya 53:8 Yirmiya 11:19 Yechezkel 26:20; Yechezkel 32:23, Yechezkel 32:24, Yechezkel 32:25, Yechezkel 32:26, Yechezkel 32:27, Yechezkel 32:32 Tehillim 27:13; Tehillim 52:7; Tehillim 142:6 Iyov 28:13; ארצות הח׳ Tehillim 116:9; ספר ח׳ Tehillim 69:29; צרור הח׳ bundle of the living Shmuel Alef 25:29; אור הח׳ light of the living Iyov 33:30 Tehillim 56:14. In the oath by life of men חי is pointed always חֵי: חֵי אדני המלך as my lord the king liveth Shmuel Beis 15:21; חֵי פרעה Breishis 42:15, Breishis 42:16; חֵי נַפְשְׁךָ Shmuel Alef 1:26; Shmuel Alef 17:55 Shmuel Beis 14:19; חַי י׳ וְחֵי נַפְשְׁךָ as Yahweh liveth and as thy soul (or thyself) liveth Shmuel Alef 20:3; Shmuel Alef 25:26 Melachim Beis 2:2, Melachim Beis 2:4, Melachim Beis 2:6; Melachim Beis 4:30 חַיֶּךָ וְחֵי נ׳ Shmuel Beis 11:11 (but on text see Wellhausen Driver).

of animals, alive, living: ox Shemos 21:35; Shemos 22:3; goat Vayikra 16:10, Vayikra 16:20, Vayikra 16:21; bird Vayikra 14:4, Vayikra 14:6^(×2), Vayikra 14:7, Vayikra 14:51, Vayikra 14:53; dog, לְכֶלֶב חַי הוּא טוֹב מִן־הָאַרְיֵה הַמֵּת Koheles 9:4 (comp. Arabic prov. Kalb ḥay wa-lâ maiyit, a living dog and no dead lion Wetzstein ^{Verhand. Berl. Anthrop. Gesenius 1878, 388}); reptiles Breishis 1:28; animals in general Breishis 9:3; בשׂר חי living, raw flesh Vayikra 13:10, Vayikra 13:14, Vayikra 13:15^(×2), Vayikra 13:16 Shmuel Alef 2:15.

animals and man, phrases for either or both: כל חי Breishis 3:20; Breishis 8:21 Iyov 12:10; Iyov 28:21; Iyov 30:23 Tehillim 143:2; Tehillim 145:16; כל החי Breishis 6:19; נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה Breishis 1:20, Breishis 1:24, Breishis 1:30 Breishis 2:7, Breishis 2:19; כל נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה Breishis 9:12, Breishis 9:15, Breishis 9:16 Yechezkel 47:9; כל נפשׁ החיה Breishis 1:21; Breishis 9:10 Vayikra 11:10, Vayikra 11:46.

(doubtful) of vegetation, as thorns, green, Tehillim 58:10 (Gesenius Ewald Olshausen Pe, but De Ri Cheyne Baethgen raw flesh, see c above ad fin.)

of water, flowing, fresh מים חיים Breishis 26:19, Vayikra 14:5, Vayikra 14:6, Vayikra 14:50, Vayikra 14:51, Vayikra 14:52; Vayikra 15:13 Bamidbar 19:17, Yirmiya 2:13; Yirmiya 17:13 Zecharia 14:8 Shir HaShirim 4:15.

(doubtful) lively, active: אישׁ חַי an active man Shmuel Beis 23:20 (but Keri אישׁ חַיִל is to be preferred); איבי חיים mine enemies are lively Tehillim 38:20 (Revised Version, but Houb Olshausen Ewald Hu. Cheyne and elsewhere read חִנָּם, ‖ שׁקר).

reviving: כָּעֵת חַיָּה at the time (when it is) reviving, the spring Breishis 18:10, Breishis 18:14, Melachim Beis 4:16, Melachim Beis 4:17.

חַי³

n.[m.] kinsfolk (Arabic حَىٌّ a group of families united by vital ties Robertson Smith^{K 36–40} Driver^{Smend 119}), plural with suffix חַיַּי Shmuel Alef 18:18, incorrectly pointed with the interpretation my life Revised Version, but read חַיִּי my kinsfolk, Wellhausen Ki Driver Robertson Smith Siegfried-Stade Revised Version margin VB. It is explained by the gloss משׁפחת אבי Wellhausen (Klostermann reads אַחַי וּ).

חַיָּה

noun (fem.) living thing, animal (Zinj. wild beast D.H. Müller^{Sendsch. 34})—ח׳ Breishis 8:17 +; construct חַיַּת Yeshaya 57:10 +; old case ending (poetic) חַיְתוֹ Breishis 1:24 Tehillim 50:10; Tehillim 79:2; Tehillim 104:11, Tehillim 104:20 Yeshaya 56:9^(×2) Tzefania 2:14; with suffix חַיָּתִי Tehillim 143:3, etc.; plural חַיּוֹת Vayikra 14:4 + 12 times—

animal, as a living, active being:

in general, Breishis 8:17 Vayikra 11:2, Vayikra 11:27, Vayikra 11:47^(×2) Bamidbar 35:3 Tehillim 104:25 Yeshaya 46:1 Daniel 8:4.

wild animals, on account of their vital energy and activity Breishis 7:14, Breishis 7:21; Breishis 8:1, Breishis 8:19; Breishis 9:5 Vayikra 17:13; Vayikra 25:7 Iyov 37:8 Tehillim 148:10 Yeshaya 40:16 Yechezkel 14:15; Yechezkel 33:27 Tzefania 2:14, Tzefania 2:15; ח׳ קנה Tehillim 68:31 wild animal of the reeds; ח׳ רעה evil beast Breishis 37:20, Breishis 37:33 Vayikra 26:6 Yechezkel 5:17; Yechezkel 14:15, Yechezkel 14:21; Yechezkel 34:25; ח׳ טמאה Vayikra 5:2 unclean beast; ח׳ הארץ Breishis 1:25, Breishis 1:30; Breishis 9:2, Breishis 9:10^(×2) Shmuel Alef 17:46 Yechezkel 29:5; Yechezkel 32:4; Yechezkel 34:28 Iyov 5:22; חיתו ארץ Breishis 1:24 Tehillim 79:2; ח׳ השׂדה Shemos 23:11, Shemos 23:29 (covt. code) Vayikra 26:22 Devarim 7:22 Shmuel Beis 21:10, Melachim Beis 14:9 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:18, Hoshea 2:14, Hoshea 2:20; Hoshea 4:3; Hoshea 13:8 Yeshaya 43:20 Yirmiya 27:6; Yirmiya 28:14 Yechezkel 38:20; Yechezkel 39:4 Iyov 5:23; Iyov 39:15; כל ח׳ השׂדה Breishis 2:19, Breishis 2:20; Breishis 3:1, Breishis 3:14 Iyov 40:20 Yirmiya 12:9 Yechezkel 31:6, Yechezkel 31:13; Yechezkel 34:5, Yechezkel 34:8; Yechezkel 39:17; חיתו שׂדי Yeshaya 56:9 Tehillim 104:11; חיתו (ב)יער Yeshaya 56:9 Tehillim 50:10; Tehillim 104:20; פְּרִיץ חיות Yeshaya 35:9 destroyer among beasts.

living beings, of the cherubic chariot Yechezkel 1:5, Yechezkel 1:13^(×2), Yechezkel 1:14, Yechezkel 1:15^(×2), Yechezkel 1:19^(×2), Yechezkel 1:20, Yechezkel 1:21, Yechezkel 1:22; Yechezkel 3:13; Yechezkel 10:15, Yechezkel 10:17, Yechezkel 10:20.

life, only in late poetry, Tehillim 143:3 Iyov 33:18, Iyov 33:20, Iyov 33:22, Iyov 33:28; Iyov 36:14 Yechezkel 7:13^(×2), and (doubtful) Tehillim 74:19; Tehillim 78:50.

appetite, activity of hunger: חית כפרים appetite of young lions Iyov 38:39.

revival, renewal: חַיַּת יָדֵךְ מָצָאתְ thou didst find renewal of thy strength (re-invigoration) Yeshaya 57:10; see חָיָה 2.

חַיָּה²

noun (fem.) (si vera l.) community (= feminine of ii. חַי according to Noldeke^{ZMG, 1886, 176})—וְחַיַּת פְּלִשְׁתִּים חֹנָה and a community of Philistines (that is a group of allied families, making a raid together) was encamping Shmuel Beis 23:13 (= מַחֲנֵה Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:15); perhaps also Tehillim 68:11 (compare below)

—Several other passages are doubtful: וַיֵּאָסְפוּ פְלִשְׁתִּים לַחַיָּה Shmuel Beis 23:11 assembled into a troop, or by bands (Revised Version, but neither rend. justif.: Böttcher Ewald Wellhausen Klostermann Driver rightly read לֶ֫חְיָה to Leḥi, compare Shoftim 15:9; wd. om. by accident in ‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:13 Driver); חַיָּֽתְךָ יָֽשְׁבוּ־בָהּ Tehillim 68:11 thy troop dwelt in it (Gesenius' Thesaurus Siegfried-Stade Revised Version margin Hitzig Ri Cheyne, but Septuagint Peshitta Jer Pe thy (living) creatures, of the people; Hupfeld the same, ref. to quails; improb.); אַל־תִּתֵּן לְחַיַּת נֶפֶשׁ תּוֹרֶךָ חַיַּת עֲנִיֶּיךָ אַל־תִּשְׁכַּח לָנֶ֫צַח Tehillim 74:19 give not the soul of thy turtle-dove to the wild beasts, the life of thine afflicted do not forget for ever: Revised Version Hitzig Pe Baethgen Sch render thus, giving חית diff. meanings in the two clauses, the former being archaic feminine absolute Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 80, 2. R. 2; text doubtless corrupt, read poss. למות Schrader Ri, for לחית, or לשׁחת Kroch; Gratz either of these; Cheyne either, or better לחרב.

חָיֶה

adjective having the vigour of life, lively (on format. see Lagarde^{BN 49})—fpl. חָיוֹת Shemos 1:19, of Hebrew women in childbirth, bearing quickly, easily.

חַיּוּת

noun (fem.) abstr. אַלְמְנוּת חַיּוּת Shmuel Beis 20:3, literally ‘widowhood of livingness,’ Driver; Wellhausen reads אַלְמָנוֹת חַיּוֹת living widows (‘grass-widows,’ who were separated from their husbands), after Septuagint χῆραι ζῶσαι, so Siegfried-Stade.

חִיאֵל²

proper name (masc.) (Ēl lives (or abbrev. for יחיאל); Sabean חיאל, name of coin, after proper name of king D.H. Müller^{ZMG 1875, 613, 1883, 15}; cp. also following, and Phoenician מריחי, כמשיחי)—name of the rebuilder of Jericho Melachim Alef 16:34; Septuagint Αχ(ε)ιηλ, om. SeptuagintL.

חַיִל

see under I. II. חול above

חִיצוֹן²

see under I. II. חוץ.

חֵיק²

see under חוק.

חִירָה

see under I. חור.

חִירָם²

see under אח, אחה above p. 27b.

חֵךְ

see under I. חנך.

חָכָה

verb wait, await—

participle (בינוני) plural construct חוֹכֵי Yeshaya 30:18, with לְ waiting for him (י׳).

חִכָּה Iyov 32:4; חִכְּתָה Tehillim 33:20; חִכִּיתִי Yeshaya 8:17; חִכּוּ Tehillim 106:13; חִכִּינוּ Melachim Beis 7:9; future (עתיד) יְחַכֶּה Yeshaya 30:18; תְּחַכֶּה Melachim Beis 9:3; imperative (ציווי) חַכֵּה־ Chavakuk 2:3; חַכּוּ Tzefania 3:8; infinitive (מקור) construct כְּחַכֵּי Hoshea 6:9 (Ephraimit. for חַכֵּה?); participle (בינוני) מְחַכֶּה Daniel 12:12; construct מְחַכֵּה Yeshaya 64:3; plural מְחַכִּים Iyov 3:21;—

wait, tarry, absolute Melachim Beis 9:3 tarry not; with עַד till morning light Melachim Beis 7:9; with a direct object את איוב בדברים Iyov 32:4 tarry for Job with words.

wait (in ambush), כְּחַכֵּי אִישׁ גְּדוּדִים Hoshea 6:9 as marauding bands wait for a man Authorized Version Revised Version De, or as marauders lie in wait Hitzig Ewald (taking אישׁ as construct)

wait for, await, with לְ. for י׳ Yeshaya 8:17; Yeshaya 64:3 Tzefania 3:8 Tehillim 33:20; for his counsel Tehillim 106:13; for his vision Chavakuk 2:3; for death Iyov 3:21; יחכה יהוה לחננכם Yahweh waiteth to be gracious unto you Yeshaya 30:18 (Dillmann regards this as threatening and refers it to 1); absolute waiteth (and cometh to the days of blessedness) Daniel 12:12.

חַכָּה

see under חנך.

חַכְלִילִי

adjective (dark) dull, from wine, ח׳ עינים מִיָּ֑יִן Breishis 49:12.

חֲכַלְיָה

proper name (masc.) (meaning doubtful; perhaps חַכֵּה לְיָהּ wait for Yahweh, √ חכה, so Wellhausen?)—father of Nehemiah Nechemia 1:1, Septuagint Χελκ(ε)ια, SeptuagintL Χελκιασ(ου), א A Αχαλια; Nechemia 10:2 Septuagint Αχελια, A SeptuagintL Αχαλια.

חָכַם

verb be wise (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic ܚܟܰܡ, חֲכַם the same; Zinj. חכמה wisdom, D.H. Müller^{Sendsch. 57}; Assyrian ḫakâmu, know (with exceptional חֿ see Delitzsch^{Pr 178 f.}); Arabic حَكَمَ restrain from acting in an evil manner, judge, govern; iv. make firm, sound, free from defect by the exercise of skill)—

past (עבר) ח׳ Mishlei 23:15; 3rd feminine singular חָֽכְמָה Zecharia 9:2; הָכַמְתָּ Mishlei 9:12^(×2), etc. + 3 times past (עבר); future (עתיד) יֶחְכַּם Mishlei 9:9; Mishlei 21:11; וַיֶּחְכַּם Melachim Alef 5:11; יֶחְכָּ֑ם Mishlei 20:1 +; וֶ֯חְכָּ֑ם Mishlei 13:20; תֶּחְכַּם Mishlei 19:20; אֶחְכָּ֑מָה Koheles 7:23; plural יֶחְכָּ֑מוּ Iyov 32:9; imperative (ציווי) חֲכַם Mishlei 27:11; חֲכָ֑ם Mishlei 6:6; Mishlei 23:19 + Mishlei 13:20 Kesiv; חֲכָ֑מוּ Mishlei 8:33;—be or become wise, act wisely Devarim 32:29 (poet.) Melachim Alef 5:11 Iyov 32:9 Mishlei 6:6; Mishlei 8:33; Mishlei 9:9, Mishlei 9:12^(×2); Mishlei 13:20; Mishlei 19:20; Mishlei 20:1; Mishlei 21:11; Mishlei 23:19; Mishlei 27:11 Koheles 2:15; Koheles 7:23 Zecharia 9:2; אם חכם לבך if thy mind be wise Mishlei 23:15; with a direct object שׁחכמתי Koheles 2:19 wherein I have acted wisely.

future (עתיד) יְחַכֵּם Tehillim 105:22; with suffix יְחַכְּמֵנוּ Iyov 35:11; תְּחַכְּמֵנִי Tehillim 119:98; all make wise, teach wisdom, with a direct object

participle (בינוני) made wise, intensive, as it were the embodiment of wisdom חוֹבֵר חֲבָרִים מְחֻכָּם Tehillim 58:6, plural הֵמָּה חֲכָמִים מְחֻכָּמִים Mishlei 30:24 (of intelligent animals).

participle (בינוני) construct מַחְכִּימַת פֶּ֑תִי Tehillim 19:8 making wise the simple.

future (עתיד) נִתְחַכְּמָה לוֹ Shemos 1:10 let us deal wisely (shrewdly) toward it (the people); 2nd masculine singular תִּתְחַכַּם Koheles 7:16 make or shew thyself wise.

חָכָם

adjective wise, ח׳ Devarim 4:6 + 67 times; construct חֲכַם Yeshaya 3:3 + 9 times; plural חֲכָמִים Devarim 1:13 + 39 times; construct חַכְמֵי Shemos 28:3 + 4 times; with suffix חֲכָמֶיךָ Yeshaya 19:12 etc. + 8 times; f. חֲכָמָה Shmuel Beis 14:2; Shmuel Beis 20:16; construct חַכְמַת Shemos 35:25; plural חֲכָמוֹת Yirmiya 9:16; construct חַכְמוֹת Shoftim 5:29 Mishlei 14:1 (but read חָכְמוֹת De);—

skilful in technical work; artificers Yeshaya 3:3; sailors Yechezkel 27:8, so (probably) v Yechezkel 27:9; mourning women Yirmiya 9:16; artisans of tabern. and temple and their furniture Shemos 28:3; Shemos 31:6; Shemos 35:10; Shemos 36:1, Shemos 36:2, Shemos 36:4, Shemos 36:8, Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:15 Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:6, Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:12, Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:13^(×2); women in spinning Shemos 35:25; goldsmiths and other artisans Yirmiya 10:9; makers of idol-images Yeshaya 40:20.

wise in the administration of affairs: Joseph in Egypt Breishis 41:33, Breishis 41:39; heads of tribes Devarim 1:13, Devarim 1:15, judges Devarim 16:19; of David Shmuel Beis 14:20, of Solomon Melachim Alef 2:9; Melachim Alef 3:12; Melachim Alef 5:21 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:11; the prince of Tyre, in satire Yechezkel 28:3; of kings in general Mishlei 20:26; class of political advisers of Judah Yeshaya 29:14 Yirmiya 18:18, appar. also Yeshaya 5:21; of Egypt Yeshaya 19:11^(×2), Yeshaya 19:12, Edom Ovadia 1:8, the nations Yirmiya 10:7; so of God Yeshaya 31:2.

shrewd, crafty, cunning: Jonadab Shmuel Beis 13:3; the princesses Shoftim 5:29; אשׁה חכמה wise woman Shmuel Beis 14:2; Shmuel Beis 20:16; generally, Yirmiya 9:22; intelligent animals Mishlei 30:24; לכד ח׳ בערמם taking the cunning in their craft Iyov 5:13; חכם בעיני wise in one’s own eyes Mishlei 3:7; Mishlei 26:5, Mishlei 26:12, Mishlei 26:16; Mishlei 28:11; חכמי לב wise of mind (in their own mind) Iyov 37:24.

plural class of learned and shrewd men, incl. astrologers, magicians and the like, of Egypt Breishis 41:8, Shemos 7:11 (P; compare Yeshaya 19:11^(×2), Yeshaya 19:12); Babylon Yeshaya 44:25 Yirmiya 50:35; Yirmiya 51:57; Persia Esther 1:13; Esther 6:13.

prudent, towards king Mishlei 16:14; in controversies Mishlei 11:29; Mishlei 29:8, Mishlei 29:9, Mishlei 29:11; religious affairs Hoshea 13:13; Hoshea 14:10 Yirmiya 4:22; Yirmiya 8:8, Yirmiya 8:9 Devarim 4:6; Devarim 32:6 Tehillim 107:43; אישׁ ח׳ Yirmiya 9:11.

wise, ethically and religiously, in WisdLt:

as adjective, חֲכַם לֵב wise of mind Pr Mishlei 10:8; Mishlei 16:21; לֵב חָכָם Koheles 8:5; of the son Mishlei 10:1 = Mishlei 15:20, Mishlei 13:1; Mishlei 23:24; Koheles 2:19; ילד ח׳ Koheles 4:13 wise boy; גבר ח׳ Iyov 34:34 wise man; מוכיח ח׳ wise reprover Mishlei 25:12.

= noun: (1) as a wise learner in school of wisdom, he fears God and departs from evil Mishlei 14:16; is silent Mishlei 17:28; hearkens to counsel Mishlei 12:15; hears and increases in learning Mishlei 1:5; his ear seeketh knowledge Mishlei 18:15; he receives it Mishlei 21:11; and stores it up Mishlei 10:14; his ears hearken to the reproof which giveth life Mishlei 15:31; and he becomes wiser through it Mishlei 9:8, Mishlei 9:9. (2) as a wise teacher, a sage, he does not answer with windy knowledge Iyov 15:2; he tells the experience of the past Iyov 15:18; has knowledge Iyov 34:2; teaches it Koheles 12:9; disperses it Mishlei 15:7; his tongue is health Mishlei 12:18; it utters knowledge aright Mishlei 15:2; his mind instructs his mouth and adds learning to his lips Mishlei 16:23; his words are gracious Koheles 10:12; it is good to hear his rebuke Koheles 7:5; his instruction is a fountain of life Mishlei 13:14; one walking with him becomes wiser Mishlei 13:20. The חכמים recall the Gk. σόφοι, having their schools, pupils (בֵן), discipline (מוּסָר), principles and collections of wisdom, דברי חכמים Mishlei 1:6; Mishlei 22:17 (compare Mishlei 24:23), Koheles 9:17; Koheles 12:11; God himself is חכם לבב Iyov 9:4. (3) the wise are prosperous: true, in sceptical view of Ec., they have no advantage over the fool Koheles 6:8; but die as the fool Koheles 2:16^(×2) Tehillim 49:11; they will not be able to find the works of God Koheles 8:17; like others are in the hands of God Koheles 9:1; they do not secure bread Koheles 9:11; but elsewhere reverse is true: precious treasure is in his dwelling Mishlei 21:20; his lips preserve him Mishlei 14:3; they inherit glory Mishlei 3:35; wealth is their crown Mishlei 14:24; the wise man is strong Mishlei 24:5 Koheles 7:19; his eyes are in his head Koheles 2:14; his mind is at his right hand Koheles 10:2; he interprets things Koheles 8:1. (4) the wise man is a blessing to others: he wins men Mishlei 11:30; scales the city of the mighty Mishlei 21:22; though poor he delivers the city Koheles 9:15; is a reproof to scorners Mishlei 15:12; his mind is in the house of mourning Koheles 7:4; injustice makes him foolish Koheles 7:7; Job finds no wise men among his cruel friends Iyov 17:10.

חָכְמָה

noun (fem.) wisdom, ח׳ Shemos 28:3 + 106 times; construct חָכְמַת Shemos 35:35 + 15 times; with suffix חָכְמָתִי Koheles 2:9, etc. + 25 times with suffix; plural abst. חָכְמוֹת Tehillim 49:4 Mishlei 1:20; Mishlei 9:1; Mishlei 24:7 (GK^{§ 861}); חַכְמוֹת Mishlei 14:1 (incorrectly pointed as adjective construct f.; read חָכְמוֹת De);—

skill in war Yeshaya 10:13; in technical work Shemos 28:3; Shemos 31:3, Shemos 31:6; Shemos 35:26, Shemos 35:31, Shemos 35:35; Shemos 36:1, Shemos 36:2, compare Melachim Alef 7:14, Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:21; of sailors Tehillim 107:27.

wisdom, in administration Devarim 34:9 Yeshaya 29:14 Yirmiya 49:7^(×2) Shmuel Beis 14:20; of prince of Tyre Yechezkel 28:4, Yechezkel 28:5, Yechezkel 28:7, Yechezkel 28:12, Yechezkel 28:17; Sol.’s wisdom included this with other forms of cleverness and shrewdness Melachim Alef 2:6; Melachim Alef 3:28; Melachim Alef 5:9, Melachim Alef 5:10, Melachim Alef 5:14^(×2), Melachim Alef 5:26; Melachim Alef 10:4, Melachim Alef 10:6, Melachim Alef 10:7, Melachim Alef 10:8, Melachim Alef 10:23, Melachim Alef 10:24 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:3, Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:5, Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:6, Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:7, Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:22, Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:23, Melachim Alef 11:41 Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:10, Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:11, Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:12; the Messiah is to have רוּחַ חָכְמָה וּבִינָה Yeshaya 11:2.

shrewdness, wisdom, Shmuel Beis 20:22 Melachim Alef 5:10^(×2) Yirmiya 9:22; withheld by God from the ostrich Iyov 39:17; of magicians and prophets Yeshaya 47:10 Daniel 1:4, Daniel 1:17, Daniel 1:20.

wisdom, prudence in religious affairs Devarim 4:6 Tehillim 37:30; Tehillim 51:8; Tehillim 90:12 Mishlei 10:31 Yeshaya 33:6 Yirmiya 8:9.

wisdom, ethical and religious:

of God, as a divine attribute or energy; his wisdom is in the skies Iyov 38:36; by it he numbers the clouds Iyov 38:37; founded the earth Mishlei 3:19; and made all things Yirmiya 10:12 = Yirmiya 51:15, Tehillim 104:24; it is with him Iyov 12:13; not to be found by the most persevering human search Iyov 28:12, Iyov 28:20; he alone knows it Iyov 28:23; gives it Mishlei 2:6; and shews its secrets Iyov 11:6.

the divine wisdom is personified: she was begotten before all things to be the architect and counsellor of God in the creation (Mishlei 8:22-31); she builds a palace and spreads a feast for those who will receive her instruction Mishlei 9:1 (compare vMishlei 9:2-5); she teaches in public places Mishlei 1:20; Mishlei 8:1, Mishlei 8:5, Mishlei 8:11, Mishlei 8:12 (see context); gives her pupils the divine spirit Mishlei 1:23; by her discipline simple become wise, rulers rule wisely, and those seeking her are richly rewarded Mishlei 8:14 (compare vMishlei 8:1-21).

of man: to get wisdom is principal thing Mishlei 4:7^(×2); its fundamental principle is to fear God Tehillim 111:10 Mishlei 15:33 Iyov 28:28 (‖ סוּר מֵרַע בִּינָה); and know י׳, the All Holy Mishlei 9:10; Mishlei 30:3; it is of inestimable worth Iyov 28:18 Mishlei 8:11; Mishlei 16:16; Mishlei 17:16; Mishlei 23:23; Mishlei 24:7; beyond the reach of scorners Mishlei 14:6; God giveth it to the good Koheles 2:26; men are to incline the ear Mishlei 2:2; attend unto wisdom Mishlei 5:1; seek Koheles 7:25; know Mishlei 24:14 Koheles 1:17; Koheles 8:16; behold Koheles 2:12; Koheles 9:13; get her Mishlei 4:5, Mishlei 4:7; treat her as sister Mishlei 7:4; happy the man who finds her Mishlei 3:13; he who has wisdom is אִישׁ תְּבוּנָה Mishlei 10:23; נָבוֹן Mishlei 10:13; Mishlei 14:33; מֵבִין Mishlei 17:24; compare also Tehillim 49:4 Iyov 4:21; Iyov 12:2, Iyov 12:12; Iyov 13:5; Iyov 15:8; Iyov 26:3; Iyov 32:7, Iyov 32:13; Iyov 33:33 Mishlei 1:2, Mishlei 1:7; Mishlei 2:10; Mishlei 4:11; Mishlei 11:2; Mishlei 13:10; Mishlei 14:1, Mishlei 14:8; Mishlei 18:4; Mishlei 21:30; Mishlei 24:3; Mishlei 28:26; Mishlei 29:3, Mishlei 29:15; Mishlei 31:26 Koheles 1:13, Koheles 1:16^(×2), Koheles 1:18; Koheles 2:3, Koheles 2:9, Koheles 2:13, Koheles 2:21; Koheles 7:10, Koheles 7:11, Koheles 7:12^(×2), Koheles 7:19, Koheles 7:23; Koheles 8:1; Koheles 9:10, Koheles 9:15, Koheles 9:16^(×2), Koheles 9:18; Koheles 10:1, Koheles 10:10;—on Solomon’s wisdom see above

חַכְמוֹנִי

proper name (masc.) (wise)—

father of one of David’s warriors Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:11.

father of the tutor of David’s sons Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:32.

חֵל²

see חֵיל under I. חול.

חֹל

see under III. חלל.

חֶלְאָה

noun (fem.) rust (perhaps as filth see above)—חֶלְאָתָהּ Yechezkel 24:6, Yechezkel 24:12 + v Yechezkel 24:11, Yechezkel 24:12 (del. Co intern. grounds) + v Yechezkel 24:6 חֶלְאָתָהֿ (compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 91, 1; R. 2) rust on metal pot, symbol of impurity of Jerusalem.

חֶלְאָה²

proper namef. (meaning doubtful)—wife of Ashḫur (of Judah) ‘father’ of Tekoah Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:5, Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:7 Septuagint Αωδα, Αοαδα, Αλαα, Ελαα, Ελεα.

חָלָב

noun (masc.) milk (Mishnaic Hebrew the same (and verb denom.); Aramaic חַלְבָּא, ܚܰܠܒܳܐ, Phoenician חלב; Arabic حَليبٌ n. fresh milk, حَلَبَ verb milk; Assyrian alibu, milk, see Delitzsch^{Pr 174}; Ethiopic ሐሊብ )—ח׳ absolute Breishis 18:18 + 35 times + Yechezkel 34:3 (see below); construct חֲלֵב Shemos 23:19 + 5 times; with suffix חֲלָבִי Shir HaShirim 5:1, חֲלָבֵךְ Yechezkel 25:4;—milk:

as common food Breishis 18:8 (J; distinct from חֶמְאָה curd, q.see), חֲלֵב צֹאן Devarim 32:14 (poet.; distinct from חֶמְאַת בָּקָר); in Shoftim 5:25 חָלָב is used parallel with חֶמְאָה; elsewhere חֶמְאָה seems to be produced from חָלָב:—מִיץ חָלָב יוֹצִיא חֶמְאָה Mishlei 30:33 a pressing (squeezing) of milk produces curd; מֵרֹב עֲשׂוֹת חָלָב יֹאכַל חֶמְאָה Yeshaya 7:22 because of abundant yield of milk he shall eat curd; compare also חֲרִצֵי הֶחָלָב Shmuel Alef 17:18 cuts of milk, that is cheeses; it was received in buckets or pails (עֲטִינָיו) Iyov 21:24 (see Ewald De Dillmann VB), and kept in skins (נֹאוד ח׳) Shoftim 4:19; men drank it (שׁתה) Yechezkel 25:4 (compare השׁקה Shoftim 4:19), but also ate it (אכל), if emend. הֶחָלָב Yechezkel 34:3 (for הַחֵלֶב) is right, Septuagint Vulgate Böttcher Hitzig-Smend Co, and elsewhere; it was poured out, see simile of formation of the embryo הֲלֹא כֶח׳ תַּתִּיכֵנִי Iyov 10:10 hast thou not poured me out like milk? specif. (1) חֲלֵב עִזִּים לְלַחְמְךָ Mishlei 27:27 milk of goats for thy food (Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 204}). (2) c. אֵם mother’s milk: of kid לֹא־תְבַשֵּׁל גְּדִי בַּחֲלֵב אִמּוֹ Shemos 23:19 = Shemos 34:26 = Devarim 14:21, compare טְלֵה ח׳ Shmuel Alef 7:9 sucking lamb (for sacrif.); but also of human beings גְּמוּלֵי מֵח׳ Yeshaya 28:9 weaned from milk (‖ עַתִּיקֵי מִשָּׁדָ֑יִם); figuratively in promise to Zion וְיָנַקְתְּ חֲלֵב גּוֹיִם Yeshaya 60:16 and thou shalt suck the milk of nations (‖ וְשֹׁד מְלָכִים תִּינָ֑קִי). (3) ח׳ with wine, as especially delicacy Shir HaShirim 5:1 (see De), figuratively of י׳’s choicest blessings Yeshaya 55:1. (4) often in phr. of productiveness of land of Canaan זָבַת חָלָב וּדְבָ֑שׁ (דְּבַשׁ) flowing with milk and honey Shemos 3:8, Shemos 3:17; Shemos 13:5; Shemos 33:3 Bamidbar 13:27; Bamidbar 14:8; Bamidbar 16:14 (all ), Vayikra 20:24, Devarim 6:3; Devarim 11:9; Devarim 26:9, Devarim 26:15; Devarim 27:3; Devarim 31:20 Yehoshua 5:6 Yirmiya 11:5; Yirmiya 32:22 Yechezkel 20:6, Yechezkel 20:15, of Egypt Bamidbar 16:13; the hills תֵּלַכְנָה ח׳ Yoel 4:18 (‖ יִטְּפוּ הֶהָרִים עָסִיס); figuratively of charms of loved one דְּבַשׁ וְח׳ תַּחַת לְשׁוֹנֵךְ Shir HaShirim 4:12 honey and milk are under thy tongue.

milk as white לְבֶן־שִׁנַּיִם מֵח׳ Breishis 49:12 white of teeth, from milk; צַחוּ מֵח׳ Eicha 4:7 they were whiter than milk (‖ זַכּוּ מִשֶּׁלֶג); so also probably of eyes (iris) רֹחֲצוֹת בֶּח׳ Shir HaShirim 5:12 bathed in milk, that is the white of the eye.—On milk as not used by Israel in sacrifice see Robertson Smith^{Sem 204}.

חֵ֫לֶב

noun (masc.) ^{Shemos 29:13} fat (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, fat, so Phoenician חלב (probably); Aramaic ܚܶܠܒܳܐ (also diaphragm in Lexx., see Payne Smith (Syriac Thesaurus)¹²⁷⁴) orig. diaphragm, midriff; Arabic خِلْبٌ, incl. midriff-fat, Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 360});—ח׳ absolute Vayikra 3:16 + 40 times; construct Breishis 45:18 + 21 times; with suffix חֶלְבּוֹ Vayikra 3:9 + 6 times; חֶלְבָּהּ Vayikra 4:31, Vayikra 4:35, חֶלְבָּם Bamidbar 18:17, חֶלְבָּ֫מוֹ Tehillim 17:10, חֶלְבְּהֶ֑ן Vayikra 8:16, Vayikra 8:25 (read n.plural חלביהן Sam. Dillmann); plural הַחֲלָבִים Vayikra 8:26 + 7 times; construct חֶלְבֵי Vayikra 6:5 + 4 times; with suffix חֶלְבֵהֶן Breishis 4:4 (חלביהן Sam. Dillmann, compare Vayikra 8:16, Vayikra 8:25 above);—

fat of human body Shoftim 3:22 (covering intestines); ח׳גִּבּוֹרִים Shmuel Beis 1:22 as smearing warrior’s shield; of grossness of wicked כִּסָּה פָּנָיו בְּחֶלְבּוֹ Iyov 15:27; fat (of midriff) figuratively of unreceptive heart ח׳ סָֽגְרוּ Tehillim 17:10, see also Tehillim 73:7 (read מֵחֵלֶב עֲוֹנָמוֹ for מחלב עֵינֵמוֹ Septuagint Peshitta Hitzig Ewald Olshausen De Cheyne Baethgen and elsewhere); טָפַשׁ כַּח׳ לִבָּם Tehillim 119:70 that is their heart is as unresponsive as the midriff-fat near it.

fat of beasts:

as rich food (poet.) Devarim 32:14 and in simile Tehillim 63:6 (‖ דֶּשֶׁן); so Masoretic Text Yechezkel 34:3 (but read הֶחָלָב, see חָלָב), Yechezkel 39:19 (Peshitta Co בשׂר).

especially as offered in sacrifice, singular, to י׳ Shemos 23:18, Shmuel Alef 2:15, Shmuel Alef 2:16 Shemos 29:13^(×2), Shemos 29:22^(×3) Vayikra 3:3^(×2), Vayikra 3:4, Vayikra 3:9^(×3), Vayikra 3:10, Vayikra 3:14^(×2), Vayikra 3:15 + 23 times Lv, Bamidbar 18:17 (all P), Vayikra 17:6, Shmuel Alef 15:22 Yeshaya 1:11; Yeshaya 43:24 Yechezkel 44:7, Yechezkel 44:15; see Yeshaya 34:6^(×2), Yeshaya 34:7 of fat of Edomites slaughtered by י׳’s sword (under figuratively of lambs, rams, and bulls); as eaten by (strange) gods Devarim 32:38; (poet.), not to be eaten by men Vayikra 3:17; Vayikra 7:23, Vayikra 7:24^(×2), Vayikra 7:25 (all P); also plural, fat parts or pieces Breishis 4:4 Vayikra 6:5 + 8 times Lv, Melachim Alef 8:64^(×2) Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:7^(×2); Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:35; Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:14.

choicest, best part of products of land Breishis 45:18, specif. of oil Bamidbar 18:12 and wine v Bamidbar 18:12; of corn and oil v Bamidbar 18:29, Bamidbar 18:30, Bamidbar 18:32; also (poet.) ח׳ כִּלְיוֹת חִטָּה Devarim 32:14 kidney-fat of wheat (that is the very choicest, compare Yeshaya 34:6), ח׳ חִטָּה Tehillim 81:17, ח׳ חִטִּים Tehillim 147:14.

חֵ֫לֶב²

proper name (masc.) (Sabean proper name (masc.) חֿלבן = the crafty one SabeanDenkm. ^{27. 28})—one of David’s heroes Shmuel Beis 23:29 (but read חלד(י), see Driver), Septuagint Εσθαει, A Αλαφ, SeptuagintL Αλλαν (= חֵלֶד Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:30 = חֶלְדַּי Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:15).

חֶלְבָּה

proper name (place) town assigned to Asher Shoftim 1:31, site unknown, Septuagint Χεβδα, SeptuagintL Ελβα; (comp. Assyrian Maḫalliba Schrader Delitzsch, but see אַחְלָב below)

חֶלְבּוֹן

proper name (place) place whence wine came (to Tyre) יֵין ח׳ Yechezkel 27:18; so also Assyrian proper nameterr. Ḫibunim or Hilbunu, see Schrader^{Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament} and Delitzsch in Co Mod. Ḫalbûn, NW. from Damascus, Wetzstein^{ZMG xi. 1857, 490 f.} Bd^{Pal. 341}.

חֶ֫לֶד

n.[m.] Iyov 11:17 duration, world (= αἰών) (Arabic خُلْدٌ perpetual duration, eternity)—absolute ח׳ Tehillim 17:14; חָ֑לֶד Iyov 11:17 + 2 times + Yeshaya 38:11 Cheyne De, followed by Cod. Babylonian etc. (Baer חָ֑דֶל); with suffix חֶלְדִּי Tehillim 39:6; = duration of life Iyov 11:17 Tehillim 39:6 (‖ יָמַי), זְכֹר אֲנִי מֶה־חָ֑לֶד Tehillim 89:48 of what duration I am Driver^{§ 189. 2}, or (אדני for אני) what is life(?) Hitzig Ewald Nowack and elsewhere; world (= αἰών, not κόσμος) Tehillim 17:14; Tehillim 49:2 (ישׁבי ח׳ ‖ כל־עמים), compare Yeshaya 38:11 (see above; ‖ אֶרֶץ הַחַיִּים).

חֵ֫לֶד

proper name (masc.) (Sabean proper name חֿלד D.H. Müller^{Epigr. Denkm. 35}) one of David’s heroes, son of בַּעֲנָה Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:30 A SeptuagintL Αλαδ (= חֶלְדַּי Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:15 = חֵלֶב Shmuel Beis 23:29).

חֻלְדָּה

proper namef. prophetess, Josiah’s time, Melachim Beis 22:14 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:22, Septuagint Ολδα.

חֶלְדַּי

proper name (masc.)

one of David’s heroes Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:15 (= חֵלֶד Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:30 = חֵלֶב Shmuel Beis 23:29) Septuagint Χολδεια (—δαι), SeptuagintL Ολδια.

a returned exile Zecharia 6:10 (om. Septuagint) = חֵלֶם v Zecharia 6:14.

חָלָה

verb be weak, sick (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic חֲלָא suffer (rare); Assyrian ḫalû, sickness, grief, Delitzsch^{Pr 181})—

past (עבר) ח׳ Melachim Alef 14:1 + 8 times; 2nd feminine singular חָלִית Yeshaya 57:10; 1st singular חָלִיתִי Shmuel Alef 30:13 + 2 times; וְחָלִי֫תִי consec. Shoftim 16:7, Shoftim 16:11, Shoftim 16:17, חָלוּ֫ Yirmiya 5:3 (so read, see below); future (עתיד) וַיָּ֑חַל Melachim Beis 1:2; infinitive (מקור) with suffix חֲלֹתוֹ Yeshaya 38:9; חֲלוֹתִי Tehillim 77:11 compare under Pi.; חֲלוֹתָם Tehillim 35:13; participle (בינוני) חֹלֶה Breishis 48:1 + 6 times + Shmuel Alef 22:8 (see below); חוֹלֶה Nechemia 2:2 Malachi 1:13; f. חוֹלָה Koheles 5:12 + 3 times (for Yirmiya 4:31 see I. חוּל), construct חוֹלַת Shir HaShirim 2:5; Shir HaShirim 5:8;—

be or become weak, Samson Shoftim 16:7, Shoftim 16:11, Shoftim 16:17; feel weak Yeshaya 57:10 (Cheyne) Yechezkel 34:4, Yechezkel 34:16.

become sick, ill Breishis 48:1 Shmuel Alef 19:14; Shmuel Alef 30:13 Melachim Alef 14:1, Melachim Alef 14:5; Melachim Alef 15:23 (of Asa, = חלא Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:2) Divrei HaYamim Beis 17:17 Melachim Beis 1:2; Melachim Beis 8:7; Melachim Beis 13:14 (with a direct object cogn.) Melachim Beis 20:12 = Yeshaya 39:1, Yeshaya 33:24; Yeshaya 38:9 Mishlei 23:35 Tehillim 35:13 Nechemia 2:2, compare Tehillim 77:11 חֲלוֹתִי for חַלּוֹתִי Cheyne after Bi; lame and sick—that is imperfect for sacrifice—of animals Malachi 1:8, Malachi 1:13; sick from effect of wounds Melachim Beis 8:29 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 22:6, compare Mishlei 23:35, מַכָּה with חֳלִי Devarim 28:59, Devarim 28:61 Yirmiya 6:7; Yirmiya 10:19; hyperbol. sick from love חוֹלַת אַהֲבָה אני Shir HaShirim 2:5; Shir HaShirim 5:8; be sick unto dying חלה לָמוּת Melachim Beis 20:1 = Yeshaya 38:1, ח׳עד־למות (late) Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:24; Yirmiya 5:3 read probably לֹא חָלוּ֫ (for Masoretic Text חָ֫לוּ, see I. חול) of the people, unmoved by י׳’s chastisements; thou hast smitten them, but they are not sick (compare Niph. Amos 6:6); of sickness of the mind in Masoretic Text Shmuel Alef 22:8 followed by עַל (but read rather חֹמֵל Septuagint Gratz Klostermann Driver); pt. as adjective severe, sore רָעָה חוֹלָה Koheles 5:12, Koheles 5:15;—on Yirmiya 4:31 see I. חול.

past (עבר) 1st singular נֶחֱלֵיתִי Daniel 8:27; 3rd plural נֶחְלוּ Amos 6:6 Yirmiya 12:13; participle (בינוני) f. נַחֲלָה Yeshaya 17:11 + 4 times; plural נַחְלוֹת Yechezkel 34:4 (del. Co) v Yechezkel 34:21;—

make oneself sick, figuratively for strain oneself Yirmiya 12:13 (but Gratz נִלְאוּ).

be made sick Daniel 8:27; לֹא נֶח׳ of indifference, apathy Amos 6:6 followed by על (compare Qal Yirmiya 5:3); pt. diseased, as noun c. art. Yechezkel 34:4 (del. Co) v Yechezkel 34:21; = severe, sore (pred. of מַכָּה) Nachum 3:19 Yirmiya 10:19; Yirmiya 14:17; Yirmiya 30:12; also (מַכָּה om.) Yeshaya 17:11.

past (עבר) חִלָּה make sick, with a direct object cogn. + בְּ of land Devarim 29:21; infinitive (מקור) construct חַלּוֹתִי הִיא Tehillim 77:11 read probably חֲלוֹתִי, infinitive (מקור) Qal, my sickness, so Bi Cheyne (others der. from חלל my wounding, see De).—For other forms of Pi. see II. חלה.

past (עבר) be made weak, 2nd masculine singular חֻלֵּיתָ Yeshaya 14:10.

future (עתיד) וַיִּתְחָ֑ל Shmuel Beis 13:6; imperative (ציווי) הִתְחָ֑ל Shmuel Beis 13:5; infinitive (מקור) הִתְחַלּוֹת Shmuel Beis 13:2;—make oneself sick, of Ammon’s morbid passion for his sister Shmuel Beis 13:2, followed by בַּעֲבוּר; of his pretended sickness of body Shmuel Beis 13:5, Shmuel Beis 13:6.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הֶחֱלִי Yeshaya 53:10; 1st singular הֶהֱלֵתִי Micha 6:13; plural הֶחֱלוּ Hoshea 7:5 (on text see below); participle (בינוני) מַחֲלָה Mishlei 13:12;—

make (sick, that is) sore thy smiting הַכּוֹתֶ֑ךָ Micha 6:13 (compare Nachum 3:19, Niph.); object (implic.) a person, וי׳ חָפֵץ דַּכְּאוֹ הֶחֱלִי Yeshaya 53:10 it pleased י׳ to bruise him, making him sick = to bruise him sorely, see further Dillmann.

make sick, object לֵב (of hope deferred) Mishlei 13:12.

shew (signs of) sickness, become sick, only הֶח׳ שׂרים חֲמַת מִיָּ֑יִן Hoshea 7:5 princes are become sick with fever of wine (Nowack Cheyne VB; > old versions Hitzig-St who read הֵחֵלּוּ they begin the day with wine-fever).

past (עבר) be made sick = wounded הָֽחֳלֵיתִי Melachim Alef 22:34 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:33, Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:23.

חֳלִי

noun (masc.) ^{Devarim 28:59} sickness, חֳלִי Devarim 28:61 + 8 times; חֹ֑לִי Devarim 7:15 + 2 times; with suffix חָלְיוֹ Yeshaya 38:9 + 7 times + Koheles 5:16 (where del. with suffix, compare old versions Nowack); plural חֳלָיִם Devarim 28:59, חֳלָיִים Divrei HaYamim Beis 21:15, חֳלָיֵנוּ Yeshaya 53:4;—sickness, disease Devarim 7:15; Devarim 28:59, Devarim 28:61 Melachim Alef 17:17 Melachim Beis 1:2; Melachim Beis 8:8, Melachim Beis 8:9; Melachim Beis 13:14 Yeshaya 38:9 Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:12^(×2); Divrei HaYamim Beis 21:15^(×2), Divrei HaYamim Beis 21:19 Tehillim 41:4 Koheles 6:2; of the suffering servant of י׳ Yeshaya 53:3, Yeshaya 53:4 (in both ‖ מַכְאֹב); of rich man Koheles 5:16 (read וָחֳלִי, see above); incurable disease ח׳ לְאֵין מַרְפֵּא Divrei HaYamim Beis 21:18; recover from sickness חיה מֵחלי Yeshaya 38:9; metaphorically of distress of land Hoshea 5:13 (‖ מָזוֹר), Yeshaya 1:5 Yirmiya 10:19; = wound, of violence in Jerusalem Yirmiya 6:7 (‖ מַכָּה).

חָלָה²

verb only Pi. followed by פְּנֵי, פָּנֶיךָ, פָּנַיִךְ = mollify, appease, entreat the favour of, literally make the face of any one sweet or pleasant (compare Arabic حَلَا, حَلِىَ be sweet, pleasant, Aramaic ܚܠܻܝ, חֲלִי, the same, adjective חָלֵי sweet);—

past (עבר) חִלָּה Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:12, חִלִּיתִי Shmuel Alef 13:12 Tehillim 119:58, וְחִלּוּ consec. Iyov 11:19, חִלִּינוּ Daniel 9:13; future (עתיד) וַיְחַל Shemos 32:11 + 3 times, יְחַלּוּ Tehillim 45:13 Mishlei 19:6; imperative (ציווי) חַל־נָא Melachim Alef 13:6, חַלּוּ־נָא Malachi 1:9; infinitive (מקור) construct לְחַלּוֹת Zecharia 7:2 + 2 times;—

ח׳ את־פני־י׳:

mollify, pacify, appease י׳, that is induce him to shew favour in place of wrath and chastisement Shemos 32:11, Melachim Alef 13:6 (+ הִתְפַּלֵּל), v Melachim Alef 13:6 Melachim Beis 13:4 Yirmiya 26:19 (+ וַיִּנָּ֫חֶם), Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:12 (‖ וַיִּכָּנַע מאד מִלִּפְנֵי), Daniel 9:13; also ח׳ פני־אֵל Malachi 1:9 (followed by וִיחָנֵּ֑נוּ that he may be gracious to us).

entreat the favour of י׳, that is aim at success, prosperity, etc., through his favour, Shmuel Alef 13:12 (in anticipation of war), Zecharia 8:21, Zecharia 8:22 (‖ לְבַקֵּשׁ אֶת־י׳; of cities and nations assembling at Jerusalem for worship), Zecharia 7:2 (‖ לְבַקֵּשׁ אֶת־י׳) of worship at Jerusalem; quite generally, as habit of God-fearing man, Tehillim 119:58 (+ בְּכָל־לֵב).

entreat favour of men (in sense of 1 b)—רַבִּים יְח׳ פני־נָדִיב Mishlei 19:6 many entreat a prince’s favour (‖ וְכָל־הָרֵעַ לְאִישׁ מַתָּן); יח׳ פָּנַיִךְ Tehillim 45:13 of favour of king’s bride; וְח׳ פָּנֶיךָ רַבִּים Iyov 11:19 favour of Job when absolved and restored.

חֲלִי

noun (masc.) ornament, נֶזֶם זָהָב וַחֲלִי־כָּ֑תֶם Mishlei 25:12 a (nose- or ear-) ring of gold and (neck- or breast-) ornament of fine gold; plural חֲלָאִים Shir HaShirim 7:2, in simile of grace and beauty.

חֲלִי²

proper name (place) in Asher Yehoshua 19:25, site unknown (see conject. in Dillmann).

חַלְחוּל

proper name (place) town in Judah, Yehoshua 15:58 Lagarde^{Onom. 119. 7, 2nd ed. 152} Elul in tribu Iuda, compare Alula juxta Chebron; mod. Ḥalḥûl, 1 1/2 hour (3 1/2 miles) N. from Hebron, see Dillmann (and reff.) Bla Robinson^{BR iii. 281 f.} Gutheérin ^{Judée iii. 284 ff.}

חַלְחָלָה²

noun (fem.) see i. חול.

חֵֽלְכָה

read חַלְכֶּה, חֶלְכֶּה, or חָלְכֶּה, adjective hapless, unfortunate, only as noun hapless, luckless one(s)—לְחֵֽלְכָה Tehillim 10:8, Septuagint εἰς τὸν πένητα, Peshitta Targum; חֵלֶ֑כָה Tehillim 10:14 Septuagint ὁ πτωχός; חלכאים Tehillim 10:10 Kesiv, read plural חַלְכָּאִים (חֶל׳, חָל׳); Keri חֵל כָּאִים, Septuagint τῶν πενήτων. In all text and meaning doubtful (Masoretic Text reads חֵלְכָה = חֵילְךָ thine army; and חֵל כָּאִים v Tehillim 10:10 army of dejected ones, but this against usage of חֵל, and no such figuratively sense of חַיִל, see Olshausen Hupfeld De Baethgen Cheyne, and crit. n.)

חָלַל

verb bore, pierce (Arabic خَلَّ perforate, pierce through, transfix, Ethiopic ኅለት (hollow) reed; Aramaic חֲלַל hollow out, חֲלִילָא pipe; ܚܠܻܝܠܴܐ adjective hollow, ܚܠܳܠܴܐ cave, ܚܶܠܬܳܐ sheath, etc.; Mishnaic Hebrew in deriv. חָלָל n. hollow, adjective slain, חָלִיל pipe);—

past (עבר) לִבִּי חָלַל בְּקִרְבִּי my heart is pierced (wounded) within me Tehillim 109:22 (? literally one has pierced my heart; or read Pu. חֻלַּל?); infinitive (מקור) construct חַלּוֹתִי הִיא Tehillim 77:11 it is my piercing, my wound my woe; Hu. Pe Bi Cheyne read חֲלוֹתִי my sickness).

participle (בינוני) plural (Baer) בְּיַד מְחַללֶי֑ךָ Yechezkel 28:9 in the hand of the ones wounding thee (Smend Co read מְחוֹלְלֶ֑ךָ).

participle (בינוני) מְחֻלֲלֵי הֶרֶב pierced by the sword Yechezkel 32:26. Poʿel. past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular חֹלֲלָה יָדוֹ נָחָשׁ בָּרִחַ Iyov 26:13 his hand pierced the fleeing serpent; רַב־מְחוֹלֵל כֹּל Mishlei 26:10 an archer piercing all (see חול) participle (בינוני) f. מְחוֹלֶלֶת תַּנִּין Yeshaya 51:9 who pierced the dragon. Poʿand elsewhere participle (בינוני) מְחֹלָל מִפְּשָׁעֵינוּ Yeshaya 53:5 pierced, wounded because of our transgressions (of the servant of י׳, ‖ מְדֻכָּא מֵעֲוֹנֹתֵינוּ).

חָלָל

noun (masc.) pierced, ח׳ absolute Devarim 21:1 + 25 times; construct חֲלַל Bamidbar 19:16; plural חֲלָלִים Bamidbar 23:24 + 28 times; construct חַלְלֵי Yeshaya 22:2 + 21 times; with suffix חֲלָלֶיךָ Tehillim 69:27, etc. + 11 times sfs.;—

pierced, fatally wounded Tehillim 69:27 Yirmiya 51:52 Yechezkel 26:15; Yechezkel 30:24 Eicha 2:12 Iyov 24:12.

slain Bamidbar 19:18; Bamidbar 31:8, Bamidbar 31:19, etc.; singular coll. Shmuel Beis 23:8, Shmuel Beis 23:18 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:11, Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:20 Yechezkel 6:7; Yechezkel 30:11, etc., but usually plural Breishis 34:27 Shmuel Alef 17:52 (Revised Version wounded) Yirmiya 51:49, etc.; †חַלְלֵי חֶרֶב Yeshaya 22:2 Yirmiya 14:18 Yechezkel 31:17, Yechezkel 31:18; Yechezkel 32:20, Yechezkel 32:21, Yechezkel 32:25, Yechezkel 32:28, Yechezkel 32:29, Yechezkel 32:30, Yechezkel 32:31, Yechezkel 32:32 Tzefania 2:12 Eicha 4:9; חַלְלֵי רעב Eicha 4:9; חַלְלֵי יהוה Yeshaya 66:16 Yirmiya 25:33.

חַלָּה

noun (fem.) a kind of cake (probably as perforated, see Dillmann Vayikra 2:4)—ח׳ absolute Bamidbar 15:20 Vayikra 24:5; construct חַלַּת Shemos 29:23 + 4 times; plural חַלּוֹת Vayikra 2:4 + 2 times; חַלֹּת Shemos 29:2 + 3 times—used in offerings:

at the sacrif. of David on removal of ark, given to each person as part of peace-offering Shmuel Beis 6:19.

elsewhere only P (H Vayikra 24:5^(×2)):

of the 12 cakes of the table of the holy place, made of סלת Vayikra 24:5^(×2).

made of ראשׁית ערסת as an offering of first-fruits Bamidbar 15:20.

of לחם שׁמן, to be burnt with the עוֹלָה Shemos 29:23 = Vayikra 8:26.

of מַצָּה burnt on the altar with c Vayikra 8:26, but usually to be eaten by participants in the several forms of peace-offering Bamidbar 6:19, and as such mingled with oil Shemos 29:2 Vayikra 2:4 Vayikra 7:12^(×2) Bamidbar 6:15.

ח׳ לחם חמץ to be used by the offerer in connexion with the unleavened cakes of d Vayikra 7:13.

חַלּוֹן

noun (masc.) ^{Yehoshua 2:18} and f. ^{Yechezkel 40:16} window, absolute הַחַלּוֹן Breishis 26:8 + 12 times; construct חַלּוֹן Breishis 8:6 Mishlei 7:6; with suffix חַלּוֹנָו֯ Yechezkel 40:22; mpl. חַלּוֹנִים Yechezkel 40:25 + 3 times; construct חַלּוֹנֵי Melachim Alef 6:4; with suffix חַלּוֹנָי֑ Yirmiya 22:14 (defective plural Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 87 (1)c, dual Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 177 a, but read יו סָפוֹן Mich Hitzig Graf Or Giesebrecht); חַלּוֹנֵינוּ Yirmiya 9:20; f. חַלּוֹנוֹת Yechezkel 40:16 + 4 times; חַלֹּנוֹת Shir HaShirim 2:9 + 3 times; window פָּתַח ח׳ open the window Breishis 8:6 Melachim Beis 13:17; עלה בח׳ Yirmiya 9:20; בעד הח׳ through the window Breishis 26:8 Yehoshua 2:15 Shoftim 5:28 Shmuel Alef 19:12 Shmuel Beis 6:16 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:29, Melachim Beis 9:30 Yoel 2:9; latticed windows Melachim Alef 6:4 Yechezkel 40:16; Yechezkel 41:16, Yechezkel 41:26; בּח׳ Yehoshua 2:18, Yehoshua 2:21 Mishlei 7:6 Tzefania 2:14; אֶל־הח׳ Melachim Beis 9:32; מִן־הח׳ Shir HaShirim 2:9; windows of palace, קָרַע לוֹ חַלּוֹנָי(ו) Yirmiya 22:14 cutteth him out his windows; of the gates of Ezek.’s temple Yechezkel 40:16, Yechezkel 40:22, Yechezkel 40:25^(×2), Yechezkel 40:29, Yechezkel 40:33, Yechezkel 40:36, of the temple itself Yechezkel 41:16^(×2).

חָלִיל

noun (masc.) flute, pipe, ח׳ Shmuel Alef 10:5 Yeshaya 5:12; Yeshaya 30:29; plural חֲלִלִים Melachim Alef 1:40 Yirmiya 48:36^(×2).

חָלַל²

verbdenom. play the pipe, pipe—

participle (בינוני) plural וְשָׁרִים כְּחֹלֲלִים Tehillim 87:7 as well the singers as the pipe-players, compare Authorized Version; < RV Pe De Che Bae al. Pôʿlel participle (בינוני) from i. חוּל dancers.

participle (בינוני) וְהָעָם מְחַלְּלִים בַּחֲלִלִים Melachim Alef 1:40 and the people piped with pipes (compare Assyrian ḫâlalu, according to Delitzsch in Zim^{BP 117}).

חָלַל³

verb pollute, defile, profane; Hiph. also begin (literally untie, loosen, open, see Arabic) (Arabic خَلَّ untie, undo, become free, lawful, free from obligation or tie; iv. make lawful; x. esteem lawful or free, profane, desecrate, violate; Mishnaic Hebrew חלל be profane, desecrated (also Pi. Hiph. transit.), compare Aramaic חֲלַל; ܚܰܠܶܠ Pa. is purify, ܐܰܚܶܠ Aph. is profane)—

past (עבר) נִחָ֑ל Yechezkel 25:3, נִחַלְתְּ (-תִּי Co) Yechezkel 22:16, נִחֲלוּ Yechezkel 7:24; future (עתיד) יֵחָ֑ל Yeshaya 48:11, תֵּחֵל Vayikra 21:9, וָאֵחַל Yechezkel 22:26; infinitive (מקור) הֵחֵל Yechezkel 20:9, Yechezkel 20:14, Yechezkel 20:22, with suffix לְהֵחַלּוֹ Vayikra 21:4.—

reflex. pollute, defile oneself

ritually, by contact with dead ‖ טמא, Vayikra 21:4

sexually ‖ זנה Vayikra 21:9.

Pass., be polluted, defiled, of holy places Yechezkel 7:24; Yechezkel 25:3, name of God Yechezkel 20:9, Yechezkel 20:14, Yechezkel 20:22 Yeshaya 48:11 and even God himself Yechezkel 22:16, Yechezkel 22:26.

past (עבר) חִלֵּל Vayikra 19:8 + 3 times; with suffix חִלְּלוֹ Devarim 20:6; 2nd masculine singular חִלַּלְתָּ Breishis 49:4 + 3 times; 2nd feminine singular חִלָּ֑לְתְּ Yechezkel 22:8; 3rd plural with suffix חִלְּלוּהֻ֯ Yechezkel 7:21 etc., + 16 times past (עבר); future (עתיד) יְחַלֵּל Vayikra 21:12, Vayikra 21:15, Vayikra 21:23; with suffix יְחַלְּלֶנּוּ Devarim 20:6; plural יְחַלְּלוּ Vayikra 21:6 + 4 times, יְחַלֵּ֑לוּ Tehillim 89:32 etc., + 13 times future (עתיד); infinitive (מקור) חַלֵּל Amos 2:7 + 4 times; חַלְּלוֹ Yechezkel 23:39 + 4 times; חַלְּלָם Yirmiya 16:18; participle (בינוני) מְחַלֵּל Yechezkel 24:21 plural מְחַלְּלִים Malachi 1:12 Nechemia 13:17; with suffix מְחַלֲלֶיהָ Shemos 31:14; f. מְחַלֶּלֶת Vayikra 21:9;—

defile, pollute:

sexually, Breishis 49:4 (poem) = Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:1 (the father’s bed); a woman = זנה Vayikra 19:29; Vayikra 21:9; זַרְעוֹ Vayikra 21:15.

ceremonially, profane, the altar by a tool Shemos 20:22; sacred places Vayikra 21:12, Vayikra 21:23, Yechezkel 7:21, Yechezkel 7:22^(×2), Yechezkel 23:39; Yechezkel 24:21; Yechezkel 44:7 Tzefania 3:4 Malachi 2:11 Tehillim 74:7 Daniel 11:31; the holy land Yirmiya 16:18; sacred things Vayikra 19:8; Vayikra 22:9, Vayikra 22:15 Bamidbar 18:32 Yechezkel 22:26; the sabbath Shemos 31:14, Yeshaya 56:2, Yeshaya 56:6 Yechezkel 20:13, Yechezkel 20:16, Yechezkel 20:21, Yechezkel 20:24; Yechezkel 22:8; Yechezkel 23:38 Nechemia 13:17, Nechemia 13:18; and so the sanctity of the prince of Tyre who made himself God, and his holy places, Yechezkel 28:7, Yechezkel 28:16, Yechezkel 28:18.

the name of God Vayikra 18:21; Vayikra 19:12; Vayikra 20:3; Vayikra 21:6; Vayikra 22:2, Vayikra 22:32 (all H), Amos 2:7 Yirmiya 34:16 Yechezkel 20:39; Yechezkel 36:20, Yechezkel 36:21, Yechezkel 36:22, Yechezkel 36:23 Malachi 1:12, God himself Yechezkel 13:19.

י׳ defiles or profanes his inheritance by giving it over to Babylon Yeshaya 47:6; the princes of the sanctuary by giving them to Chaldeans Yeshaya 43:28.

violate the honour of, dishonour, י׳ subj., crown of Davidic kingdom Tehillim 89:40 (followed by לארץ pregn.), kingdom of Judah Eicha 2:2; the גאון כל צבי Yeshaya 23:9.

violate a covenant Tehillim 55:21; Tehillim 89:35 Malachi 2:10, the חקות of God Tehillim 89:32.

treat a vineyard as common (see חֹל) by beginning to use its fruit Devarim 20:6^(×2); Devarim 28:30 Yirmiya 31:5 (see the law Vayikra 19:23-25, H).

participle (בינוני) שְׁמִי הַגָּדוֹל הַמְֿחֻלָּל בַּגּוֹיִם Yechezkel 36:23 my great name which is profaned among the nations.

future (עתיד) לֹא אַחֵל אֶת־שֶׁם־קָדְשִׁי עוֹד Yechezkel 39:7 I will not let my holy name be profaned any more; cp. Yechezkel 20:9.

לֹא יַחֵל דְּבָרוֹ he shall not violate his word Bamidbar 30:3.

begin, past (עבר) הֵחֵל Breishis 6:1 + 15 times, הֵחֵ֫לָּה Shoftim 20:40, הַחִלּוֹתָ Devarim 3:24 Esther 6:13, הַחִלֹּתִי Devarim 2:31 Shmuel Alef 22:15, הֵחֵ֫לּוּ Ezra 3:6 + 6 times; future (עתיד) יָחֵל Shoftim 10:18; Shoftim 13:5, וַיָּ֫חֶל Breishis 9:20 + 5 times, 3rd feminine singular וַ֫תָּחֶל Shoftim 13:25; Shoftim 16:19, 2nd masculine singular תָּחֵל Devarim 16:9, אָחֵל Devarim 2:25 Yehoshua 3:7, וַיָּחֵ֫לּוּ Shoftim 20:31 + 3 times, וַתְּחִלֶּינָה Breishis 41:54, תָּחֵ֫לּוּ Yechezkel 9:6; imperative (ציווי) הָחֵל Devarim 2:24, Devarim 2:31; infinitive (מקור) construct הָחֵל Shmuel Alef 3:12 + 2 times; with suffix הַחִלָּם Breishis 11:6; participle (בינוני) מֵחֵל Yirmiya 25:29;—begin, Bamidbar 17:11, Bamidbar 17:12 Devarim 16:9 Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:27^(×2); so Shmuel Beis 24:15 Septuagint Wellhausen Driver. (Septuagint inserts וְהַמַּגֵּפָה הֵחֵ֫לָּה בָּעָם bef. וַיָּ֫מָת); c. infinitive (מקור) (ל) begin to Breishis 41:54, Breishis 6:1; Breishis 10:8 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:10, Breishis 11:6 Bamidbar 25:1 (all J), Devarim 2:25, Devarim 2:31; Devarim 3:24; Devarim 16:9 Yehoshua 3:7, Shoftim 10:18; Shoftim 13:5, Shoftim 13:25; Shoftim 16:19, Shoftim 16:22; Shoftim 20:31, Shoftim 20:39, Shoftim 20:40 Shmuel Alef 3:2; Shmuel Alef 14:35; Shmuel Alef 22:15 Melachim Beis 10:32; Melachim Beis 15:37 Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:24 Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:1, Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:2; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:17; Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:7, Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:10, Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:21; Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:3^(×2) Ezra 3:6 Nechemia 4:1 Esther 6:13; Esther 9:23; Yirmiya 25:29 Yonah 3:4; c. ו consec. Breishis 9:20 Ezra 3:8; c. בְּ begin with Breishis 44:12, Yechezkel 9:6, Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:22; so Shmuel Beis 24:5, read וַיָּחֵ֫לּוּ for וַיַּחֲנוּ SeptuagintL Wellhausen Driver; c. מן begin from Yechezkel 9:6; הָחֵל רָשׁ begin! possess! Devarim 2:24, Devarim 2:31; הָחֵל וְכַלֵּה beginning and ending Shmuel Alef 3:12 (that is accomplishing my full purpose, see Driver).

past (עבר) אָו הוּחַל לִקְרֹא בְּשֵׁם י׳ then it was begun (= men began) to call on the name of י׳ Breishis 4:26.

—וַיָּחֵלּוּ מְעַט מִמַּשָּׂא Hoshea 8:10 begin to be minished by reason of the burden Revised Version Hitzig and elsewhere; Wü Nowack read וְיָחִלוּ (I. חול, חיל)—for om. of dagh. see also וְיָחֵלוּ of Cod. Babylonian—shall be in anguish a little for the burden, so Ra Authorized Version; Ewald וְיָחִלוּ that they may wait (?) a little; Septuagint וחדלו מעט ממשׁח cease a little from anointing, so Cheyne Wellhausen, this probably best.

חֹל²

n.[m.] profaneness, commonness;—לֶחֶם חֹל Shmuel Alef 21:5, דֶּרֶךְ חֹל v Shmuel Alef 21:6; in concrete sense, opposite קֹדֶשׁ Vayikra 10:10, Yechezkel 22:26; Yechezkel 42:20; Yechezkel 44:23; Yechezkel 48:15.

חָלָל²

adjective profaned;—חָלָל רָשָׁע (read construct חֲלַל Siegfried-Stade) profaned, dishonoured wicked one Yechezkel 21:30 (so Authorized Version Gesenius' Thesaurus Muhlau-Volck Siegfried-Stade Co Or; but Revised Version Hä deadly wounded, Ewald Smend fallen, slain); plural construct חַלְלֵי רְשָׁעִים Yechezkel 21:34; fs. חֲלָלָה of woman sexually dishonoured Vayikra 21:7; Vayikra 21:14 (H; ‖ זָנָה).

חָלִילָה

noun c. ה location, used as exclam. literally ad profanum! that is far be it (for me, thee, etc.)! (see Barth^{NB 136})—ח׳ Breishis 44:7 + 17 times, חָלִלָה Breishis 18:25 + 2 times—alone, Shmuel Alef 14:45; Shmuel Alef 20:2; elsewhere c. לְ person: Breishis 18:25, Shmuel Alef 2:30; Shmuel Alef 20:9; Shmuel Alef 22:15; + מִן and inf. of act deprecated Breishis 18:25; Breishis 44:7, Breishis 44:17 (all J), Yehoshua 24:16, Shmuel Alef 12:23 Shmuel Beis 23:17; + מִמֶּנּוּ ל (peculiarly) Yehoshua 22:29 (P; = from it, even to rebel); + אִם (= surely not) Shmuel Beis 20:20 (ח׳ ח׳), Iyov 27:5; strengthened idiomatically by מיהוה, ח׳לִי מִיּ׳ followed by מִן and inf. Shmuel Alef 26:11 Melachim Alef 21:3 + Shmuel Beis 23:17 (read מיהוה, SeptuagintL Peshitta Targum) = Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:19 (מאלהי) followed by אִם Shmuel Alef 24:7; ח׳ לָאֵל מֵרֶשַׁע Iyov 34:10.

חָלַם

verb be healthy, strong (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic ܚܠܰܡ Ethp. be made healthy, strong Aph. causat., also deriv.; חֲלַם press firmly together)—

future (עתיד) יַחְלְמוּ בְנֵיהֶם Iyov 39:4 their young are healthy.

future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular וְתַחֲלִימֵנִי Yeshaya 38:16 and restore me to health (‖ וִהַחֲיֵ֫ינִי).

חֵ֫לֶם

proper name (masc.) (strength)—a returned exile Zecharia 6:14 = חֶלְדַּי v Zecharia 6:10.

חָלַם²

verb dream (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic ܚܠܰܡ; חֲלַם; Ethiopic ሐለመ: Arabic حَلَمَ, dream, experience an emission of the seminal fluid, attain to puberty)—

past (עבר) ח׳ Breishis 42:9 Daniel 2:1, חָלַמְתִּי Breishis 37:9 + 3 times, חָלָ֑מְתִּי Breishis 37:6 + 2 times, etc., + 3 times past (עבר); future (עתיד) יַחֲלֹם Yeshaya 29:8 + 5 times, יַחְלְמוּ Iyov 39:4, וַיַּחַלְמוּ Breishis 40:5, יַחֲלֹמ֑וּן Yoel 3:1, נַחַלְמָה Breishis 41:11, participle (בינוני) חוֹלֵם Devarim 13:4, חֹלֵם Breishis 41:1 Devarim 13:2, Devarim 13:6, חֹלְמִים Tehillim 126:1—dream:

of ordinary dreams of sleep Yeshaya 29:8^(×2) Tehillim 126:1.

of dreams with prophetic meaning: of Jacob Breishis 28:12, Joseph Breishis 37:5, Breishis 37:6, Breishis 37:9^(×2), Breishis 37:10; Breishis 42:9, of Pharaoh and his servants Breishis 40:5, Breishis 40:8; Breishis 41:1, Breishis 41:5, Breishis 41:11^(×2), Breishis 41:15 (all E, not elsewhere in Hexateuch.); of Midianite Shoftim 7:13, Nebuchad. Daniel 2:1, Daniel 2:3, old men in latter days Yoel 3:1.

of dreams of false prophets Devarim 13:2, Devarim 13:4, Devarim 13:6 Yirmiya 23:25^(×2).

participle (בינוני) מַחְלְמִים dream (of false prophets, with a direct object cogn.) Yirmiya 29:8 (but read חֹלְמִים [מ by dittogr. from אַתֶּם], Hitzig Graf Giesebrecht Gratz).

חֲלוֹם

noun (masc.) Breishis 37:10 dream;—ח׳ absolute Breishis 37:5 +, construct Breishis 20:3, חֲלֹם absolute Breishis 20:6, construct Breishis 31:24; with suffix חֲלוֹמִי Breishis 40:9, Breishis 40:16, חֲלֹמִי Breishis 41:17, Breishis 41:22, חֲלֹמוֹ Breishis 40:5 + 5 times; plural חֲלֹמוֹת Yirmiya 23:32 + 10 times etc., + 7 times with suffix—dream

ordinary dream of sleep Iyov 7:14; Iyov 20:8 Tehillim 73:20 Koheles 5:2, Koheles 5:6 Yeshaya 29:7.

dreams with prophetic meaning, the lowest grade of prophecy (see Br^{MP 6}):

dream of Abimelek Breishis 20:3, Breishis 20:6, of Jacob Breishis 31:10, Breishis 31:11, Laban Breishis 31:24, Joseph Breishis 37:5, Breishis 37:6, Breishis 37:8, Breishis 37:9^(×2), Breishis 37:10, Breishis 37:19, Breishis 37:20; Breishis 42:9, Pharaoh and his servants Breishis 40:5^(×3), Breishis 40:8, Breishis 40:9^(×2), Breishis 40:16; Breishis 41:7, Breishis 41:8, Breishis 41:11^(×2), Breishis 41:12^(×2), Breishis 41:15^(×2), Breishis 41:17, Breishis 41:22, Breishis 41:25, Breishis 41:26, Breishis 41:32; of a lower order of prophets than Moses Bamidbar 12:6, (all E, not elsewhere in Hexateuch.), Iyov 33:15, of Midianite Shoftim 7:13^(×2), Shoftim 7:15, desired by Saul Shmuel Alef 28:6, Shmuel Alef 28:15; of Sol. Melachim Alef 3:5, Melachim Alef 3:15; of old men in latter days Yoel 3:1, of Nebuchad. Daniel 2:1, Daniel 2:2, Daniel 2:3^(×2) Daniel הֵבִין בְּכָל־חָזוֹן וַחֲלֹמוֹת Daniel 1:17 had understanding in all visions and dreams.

of false prophets Devarim 13:2, Devarim 13:4, Devarim 13:6 Yirmiya 23:27, Yirmiya 23:28^(×2), Yirmiya 23:32; Yirmiya 27:9; Yirmiya 29:8 Zecharia 10:2.

חַלָּמוּת

noun (fem.) name of a plant, with thick, slimy juice, purslain, Iyov 6:6 Revised Version margin, so Gesenius' Thesaurus Robinson Gesenius and elsewhere; Peshitta ܚܠܰܡܬܳܐ, anchusa Payne Smith (Syriac Thesaurus) ^{i, 1284}; on this, and later interpr. see Böttcher Dillmann Löw ^{pp. 165, 361}; only אִם־יֶשׁ־טַעַם בְּרִיר חַלָּמוּת Iyov 6:6 is there any taste in the juice of ח׳ (figuratively of insipid and dull discourse); > Authorized Version Revised Version Ewald Hitzig Siegfried-Stade after Targum Saad Rabb. in the white of an egg. The ref. is to Job’s suffering (from which as little joy comes as from eating unsavoury food, so now commentaries generally), rather than to the unpalatable words of his friends. It is doubtful whether Dillmann’s reason for perferring purslain to Targum חֶלְמוֹנָא yolk of egg (רִיר ח׳ slime of yolk, that is the white of the egg) is convincing, viz. that ancient Hebrews did not keep hens, or that of De, viz. that white of egg is not slime and is not unpalatable; meaning yolk preferred also by Davidson Budde Duhm.

חַלָּמִישׁ

noun (masc.) flint;—חַלָּמִישׁ Devarim 8:15 + 3 times; construct חַלְמִישׁ Devarim 32:13;—flint צוּר הַח׳ rock of flint = flinty rock, whence water flowed for Isr. in desert Devarim 8:15, and (no צור) Tehillim 114:8; worked by miners Iyov 28:9; hyperb. oil out of ח׳ צוּר Devarim 32:13 flint of rock = rocky flint (poet.);—in simile of firmness עַל־כֵּן שַׂמְתִּי פָּנַי כַּחַלָּמִישׁ Yeshaya 50:7.

חֵלֹן²

see under I. and II. חול.

חָלַף

verb pass on or away, pass through (mostly poet.) (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, pass by or away, change; Phoenician חלפת equivalent, Reinach^{RÉJ 188, 276}; Hoffmann^{G. G. Abh. xxxvi. 1890, 20}; Aramaic חֲלַף pass away, change; ܚܠܰܦ change, substitute; Nabataean חלף change (?) Eut ^{p. 53}; Arabic خَلَفَ come after, succeed, replace [compare ‘Caliph’ that is successor (of Mohammed)] and many deriv. Lane^792–799; so also ויחלפה Mesha Inscription ⁶ and his son succeeded him; Ethiopic ኀለፈ pass by, across, through)—

past (עבר) חָלַף Shir HaShirim 2:11 Chavakuk 1:11 etc.; future (עתיד) יַחֲלֹף Iyov 4:15 + 4 times; 3rd feminine singular with suffix תַּחְלְפֵ֫הוּ Iyov 20:24; יַחֲלֹ֑פוּ Tehillim 102:27; infinitive (מקור) construct לַחֲלוֹף Yeshaya 21:1;—

pass on quickly Shmuel Alef 10:3; elsewhere only poet., move or sweep on, of a flood Yeshaya 8:8, or wind Yeshaya 21:1 Iyov 4:15 Chavakuk 1:11, of God Iyov 9:11; Iyov 11:10.

pass away (vanish) Iyov 9:26 (of days); Shir HaShirim 2:11 (of rain ‖ עבר), of the heavens Tehillim 102:27, of idols Yeshaya 2:18, (but perhaps gloss JBL ^{ix. 1890, 86}).

of grass, come on anew, that is sprout again (compare Hiph. 2) Tehillim 90:5, Tehillim 90:6, so Gesenius' Thesaurus Authorized Version De Hitzig Cheyne Baethgen and elsewhere; less suitably in context Septuagint Vulgate Ewald pass away, above 1 b.

trans.

pass through, that is pierce, followed by direct object Shoftim 5:26 Iyov 20:24.

overstep, transgress Yeshaya 24:5 (‖ עבר), (compare Arabic iv. to break a promise).

future (עתיד) וַיְחַלֵּף (cause to pass) change, followed by direct object garment Breishis 41:14 Shmuel Beis 12:20.

past (עבר) חֶחֱלִף Breishis 31:7; future (עתיד) יַחֲלִיף Iyov 14:7; with suffix יַחֲלִיפֶנּוּ Vayikra 27:10; 3rd feminine singular תַּחֲלִיף Iyov 29:20; 2nd masculine singular וַתַּחֲלֵף Breishis 31:41; with suffix תַּחֲלִיפֵם; יַחֲלִ֫יפוּ Yeshaya 40:31; Yeshaya 41:1; נַחֲלִיף Yeshaya 9:9;—

change (trans.) garments Breishis 35:2 Tehillim 102:27, wages Breishis 31:7, Breishis 31:41 (both E); no object expr. Vayikra 27:10; substitute that is cause to succeed Yeshaya 9:9; change for better, renew, object כֹּחַ Yeshaya 40:31; Yeshaya 41:1.

shew newness, of tree, putting forth fresh shoots Iyov 14:7, of bow Iyov 29:20.

חֵ֫לֶף

n.[m.] exchange, only construct, as preposition in return for (so חֲלַף, ܚܠܳܦ, common in Aramaic for example Breishis 4:23 Targum Peshitta for Hebrew תַּחַת)—ח׳ עֲבֹדֶתֶם (עֲבֹדַתְכֶם) Bamidbar 18:21, Bamidbar 18:31 (both P).

חֵ֫לֶף²

proper name (place) in Naphtali, site unknown Yehoshua 19:33.

חֲלוֹף

noun (masc.) a passing away, vanishing (properly infinitive (מקור) of חלף)—בְּנֵי ח׳ Mishlei 31:8 i. e. those who are passing away, transitory (compare Qal 1 b).

חָלַץ

verb draw off or out, withdraw (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic חֲלַץ; ܚܠܰܨ despoil, usually Pa. etc.; Phoenician proper name חלצבעל Baal has rescued, and חלץ alone; Arabic خَلَصَ withdraw, retire)—

past (עבר) Hoshea 5:6; וְחָֽלְצָה consec. Devarim 25:9; חָֽלְצוּ Eicha 4:3; future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular תַּחֲלֹץ; participle (בינוני) passive construct חֲלוּץ Devarim 25:10—

draw, draw off, with a direct object of sandal Devarim 25:9 Yeshaya 20:2 (both followed by רֶגֶל c. מִן), compare בֵּית חֲלוּץ הַנָּ֑עַל Devarim 25:10; draw out, present the breast, of animal giving suck Eicha 4:3.

intrans. withdraw (himself) followed by מִן Hoshea 5:6.

past (עבר) be delivered נֶחֱלָ֑ץ Mishlei 11:8 (followed by מִן); future (עתיד) יֵחָלֵ֑צוּ Mishlei 11:9; יֵחָֽלְצוּן Tehillim 60:7 = Tehillim 108:7 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 51. 2. R. 2).

past (עבר) חִלֵּץ Vayikra 14:43 etc.; future (עתיד) יְחַלֵּץ Iyov 36:15; וָאֲחַלְּצָה Tehillim 7:5 (but on text vid. below ad fin.); with suffix אֲחַלֶּצְךָ Tehillim 50:15; אֲחַלְּצֶ֫ךָּ Tehillim 81:8, etc.; imperative (ציווי) חַלְּצָה Tehillim 6:5; חַלְּצֵנִי Tehillim 119:153; Tehillim 140:2;—

pull out, tear out Vayikra 14:40, Vayikra 14:43 (P; stones from infested house).

rescue, deliver, c. object person, but only poet.;—followed by נפשׁי Tehillim 6:5; Tehillim 116:8 (מִמָּ֫וֶת); compare Tehillim 140:2 (followed by מִן); absolute with a direct object Tehillim 18:20 = Shmuel Beis 22:20, Tehillim 34:8; Tehillim 50:15; Tehillim 81:8; Tehillim 91:15; Tehillim 119:153 Iyov 36:15; וָאֲחַלְּצָה Tehillim 7:5; followed by direct object, but I delivered Authorized Version Hupfeld Ri, compare Ewald; and spoiled, despoiled Gesenius Hitzig De Baethgen (but this only in Aramaic); < and oppressed (read וָאֶֽלְחְצָה) Krochm Dy Gratz Cheyne; (‖ גָּמַלְתִּי רַע).

חָלַץ²

verb equip for war (primary idea of strength, vigour, see Hiph., n. חֲלָצַיִם, and Assyrian ḫalṣu, fortification (Schrader^{Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament Gloss} Asrb. ^{Annals ii. 52}), compare ḫhilṣu, belt, Zehnpfund^{BAS i. 499}; Aramaic ܚܠܻܝܨ accinctus ad opus, strenuus, ܚܠܻܝܨܽܘܬܳܐ fortitudo, strenuitas, Gk. ἀνδρεία, > Gesenius' Thesaurus Robinson Gesenius Siegfried-Stade who regard as = I. חלץ in sense strip for battle, expeditus)—

only participle (בינוני) passive חָלוּץ Bamidbar 32:21 + 7 times, construct חֲלוּץ Bamidbar 32:27; plural חֲלוּצִים Bamidbar 32:30 + 2 times, construct חֲלוּצֵי Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:24 + 3 times; חֲלֻצֵי Yeshaya 15:4;—equipped:

as adjective Bamidbar 32:30, Bamidbar 32:32 Devarim 3:18.

as noun singular coll. Bamidbar 32:21 (see Niph. v Bamidbar 32:20) Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:21; Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:14, c. art. הֶח׳ Yehoshua 6:7, Yehoshua 6:9, Yehoshua 6:13; חֲלוּץ צָבָא Bamidbar 32:27 men equipped for war, so ח׳ הַמִּלְחָמָה Bamidbar 32:29; הֶחָ׳ לַצָּבָא Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:24 (v Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:23 van d. H.); plural חֲלוּצֵי צָבָא Bamidbar 31:5 Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:25 (v Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:24 Van d. H.) Divrei HaYamim Beis 17:18; ח׳ הַצּ׳ Yehoshua 4:13; note חֲלֻצֵי מוֹאָב Yeshaya 15:4 warriors (equipped ones, Cheyne men-at-arms) of Moab.

future (עתיד) 2nd masculine plural תֵּחָֽלְצוּ Bamidbar 32:20, 1st plural נֵחָלֵץ Bamidbar 32:17; imperative (ציווי) הֵחָֽלְצוּ Bamidbar 31:3; be, or go equipped, followed by לִפְנֵי Bamidbar 32:17, Bamidbar 32:20 (both see Qal participle (בינוני) v Bamidbar 32:21); followed by לַצָּבָא Bamidbar 31:3 (P; Niph. imperative (ציווי) here surprising with מֵאִתְּכֶם, see Dillmann).

future (עתיד) עַצְמֹתֶיךָ יַחֲלִיץ Yeshaya 58:11 he (י׳) will brace up, invigorate, thy bones (Muhlau-Volck De Dillmann; Hupfeld Cheyne crit. n. Duhm and elsewhere read יַחֲלִיף renew, rejuvenate).

חֶ֫לֶץ

proper name (masc.) (vigour).

one of David’s heroes Shmuel Beis 23:26, Septuagint Σελλης, A Ελλης, SeptuagintL Χαλλης; = Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:27 Septuagint Χελλης, SeptuagintL Ελλης; also Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:10 Septuagint Χεσλης, A SeptuagintL Χελλης (in both, Baer חֶלֶץ, van d. H. חֵלֶץ).

man of Judah Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:39 = חָ֑לֶץ v Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:39 Septuagint Χελλης SeptuagintL Αλλαν.

חָלַק

verb divide, share (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic חֲלַק field, חוּלְּקָא portion, ܚܠܰܩ divide, determine, decree; Arabic خَلَقَ measure, measure off; Assyrian eḳlu, possession, field, Jäger^{BAS ii. 296}; Ethiopic ኈለቈ: i. 2, is enumerate, ኍልቍ, ኊለቅ enumeration, number)—

past (עבר) ח׳ Devarim 4:19 + 5 times; חָֽלְקוּ Yehoshua 18:2; future (עתיד) יַחֲלֹק Iyov 27:17 Mishlei 17:2; 2nd masculine singular with suffix וַתַּחְלְקֵם Nechemia 9:22; 3rd plural וַיַּחְלְקוּ Yehoshua 14:5; יַחֲלֹ֑קוּ Shmuel Alef 30:24; וַיַּחְלְקוּם Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:4, Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:5; תַּחְלְקוּ Shmuel Beis 19:30; imperative (ציווי) חִלְקוּ Yehoshua 22:8; infinitive (מקור) לַחֲלֹק Nechemia 13:13; participle (בינוני) חוֹלֵק Mishlei 29:24;—

divide, apportion, followed by direct object (of gods) and לְ person Devarim 4:19; Devarim 29:25; direct object not expressed Nechemia 13:13 (ref. to offerings and tithes); with a direct object (of land) Yehoshua 14:5, Yehoshua 18:2, Shmuel Beis 19:30: object people Nechemia 9:22; ח׳ עִם divide with others Yehoshua 22:8.

assign, distribute: Levites over (על) temple Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:18, compare Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:4, Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:5.

assign, impart, followed by בַּבִּינָה & לְ Iyov 39:17.

share (in), followed by direct object silver Iyov 27:17; inheritance Mishlei 17:2; spoil Shmuel Alef 30:24 (object om.); followed by עם have shares with ח׳ עם גַּנָּב Mishlei 29:24.

divide up = plunder the temple, followed by direct object Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:21 (see Be).

future (עתיד) יֵחָלֵק Bamidbar 26:55 Melachim Alef 16:21; יֵחָ֫לֶק Iyov 38:24; וַיֵּחָלֵק Breishis 14:15; 3rd feminine singular תֵּחָלֵק Bamidbar 26:53; Bamidbar 26:56; וַיֶּֽחָלְקֵם (Baer) Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:6; Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:3 compare Be & below under Pi.;—

reflex., divide oneself Breishis 14:15 (that is one’s men).

passive be divided:

apportioned, the land Bamidbar 26:53, Bamidbar 26:55 (by lot) v Bamidbar 26:56 (the same); all P.

of people, divided into two factions Melachim Alef 16:21.

of light, parted, spread abroad Iyov 38:24.

trans. assign, distribute Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:6; Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:3, but trans. Niph. is unlikely, see below

past (עבר) 3rd plural חִלֵּקוּ Yoel 4:2; וְחִלַּקְתֶּם consec. Yechezkel 47:21; with suffix חִלְּקָם Eicha 4:16; 3rd feminine singular with suffix חִלְּקַ֫תָּה Yeshaya 34:17; 2nd masculine singular with suffix וְחִלַּקְתָּם Shemos 5:1;—future (עתיד) יְחַלֵּק Breishis 49:27 + 4 times, etc.; probably read יְחַלְּקֵם Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:6; Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:3 (see above Niph.), etc.; imperative (ציווי) חַלֵּק Yehoshua 13:7; infinitive (מקור) חַלֵּק Yehoshua 19:51 Mishlei 16:19; with suffix חַלְּקָם Yeshaya 9:2—

divide, apportion: food, at festival Shmuel Beis 6:19, followed by direct object & לְ = Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:3, garments Tehillim 22:19, sorrows Iyov 21:17 (no לְ); give a portion to, followed by לְ (no direct object expr.) Yeshaya 53:12; a land Yoel 4:2 (no ind. object) Yehoshua 19:51, also Micha 2:4, Tehillim 60:8 = Tehillim 108:8, Daniel 11:39; followed by direct object & לְ Yehoshua 13:7; Yehoshua 18:10 Melachim Alef 18:6 Yeshaya 34:17 Yechezkel 47:21; divide hair (symbol.) Yechezkel 5:1; divide spoil (שָׁלָל) Yeshaya 9:2 Mishlei 16:19 Breishis 49:27 (poem), Shemos 15:9 (song); Shoftim 5:30 Tehillim 68:13 Yeshaya 53:12.

assign, distribute: Levites to their service, probably Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:6; Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:3 (see above)

scatter, followed by direct object Breishis 49:7 (poem) (‖ הפיץ), Eicha 4:16.

past (עבר) חֻלַּק Yeshaya 33:23; וְחֻלַּק consec. Zecharia 14:1; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תְּחֻלָּ֑ק Amos 7:17; be divided, of land Amos 7:17; spoil Yeshaya 33:23 Zecharia 14:1.

past (עבר) וְהִתְחַלְּקוּ consec. Yehoshua 18:5 divide (land) among themselves.

infinitive (מקור) לַחֲלִק Yirmiya 37:12; to receive a portion (denom. from חֵלֶק), but doubtful

חֵ֫לֶק

noun (masc.) ^{Yehoshua 18:5} portion, tract, territory—ח׳ absolute Breishis 31:14 +; construct Breishis 14:24 +; with suffix חֶלְקִי Tehillim 16:5 + 6 times; חֶלְקְךָ Bamidbar 18:20 Koheles 9:9; חֶלְקֶ֑ךָ Tehillim 50:18; חֶלְקֵךְ Yeshaya 57:6; חֶלְקוֹ Chavakuk 1:16 + 5 times; חֶלְקָם Breishis 14:24 + 3 times; plural חֲלָקִים Yehoshua 18:5 + 5 times; with suffix חֶלְקֵיהֶם Hoshea 5:7;—

portion, share:

of booty Breishis 14:24^(×2) Bamidbar 31:36 Shmuel Alef 30:24^(×2).

of food Vayikra 6:10; ח׳ כּח׳ יאכלו Devarim 18:8; = food Chavakuk 1:16 (‖ מַאֲכָל); so (of unrestricted charity) Koheles 11:2 see Nowack.

followed by בְּ, share or interest in Koheles 9:6, with idea of obligation to Breishis 31:14 (E; in father’s house), Shmuel Beis 20:1 = Melachim Alef 12:16 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 10:16 (in royal line; all ‖ נַחֲלָה); of right (privilege) in ח׳ ביהוה Yehoshua 22:25, Yehoshua 22:27; Nechemia 2:20 (in Jerus.; + צְדָקָה וְזִכָּרוֹן).

proper share or part אַעֲנֶה חֶלְקִי Iyov 32:17 that is I will do my part in replying. Especially

portion, tract, of land:

as distrib. at conquest Yehoshua 19:9, seven portions Yehoshua 18:5, Yehoshua 18:6, Yehoshua 18:9 (all ) v Yehoshua 18:7 (+ נחלה in ‖ cl.), Yehoshua 15:13; Yehoshua 19:9 (both P); none for tribe of Levi Devarim 10:9; Devarim 12:12; Devarim 14:27, Devarim 14:29; Devarim 18:1 Yehoshua 18:7 (all D; ‖ נחלה), Yehoshua 14:4, none for priests Bamidbar 18:20 (P; ‖ verb נחל).

of land possessed by people Hoshea 5:7 Micha 2:4.

portion to be assigned after exile Yeshaya 61:7 Yechezkel 45:7; Yechezkel 48:8, Yechezkel 48:21, חֶלְקוֹ עַל־אַדְמַת הַקֹּרֶשׁ Zecharia 2:16.

specif. of town-land, district about a town, ח׳ יִזְרְעֵאל Melachim Beis 9:10, Melachim Beis 9:36 + Melachim Alef 21:23 (Masoretic Text חֵל), הַשָּדֶה בְּח׳ יִזְ׳ Melachim Beis 9:37.

הַחֵלֶק Amos 7:4 (opposite תְּהוֹם) appar. of land of Isr.

hence portion, that is (acquired) possession:

of people as י׳’s possession Devarim 32:9 (‖ חֶבֶל נחלתו); but especially

of י׳ as possession of his servants: of priests, as enjoying perquisites of altar Bamidbar 18:20 (P; ‖ נחלה), in spiritual sense Tehillim 73:26; Tehillim 119:57; Eicha 3:24; י׳ מְנָת חֶלְקִי Tehillim 16:5; ח׳ בְּאֶרֶץ הַחַיִּים Tehillim 142:6; hence ח׳ יעקב of י׳ Yirmiya 10:16 = Yirmiya 51:19 (שֵׁבֶט נַחֲלָתוֹ in ‖ cl.)

chosen portion, habitual mode of life עִם־מְנָאֲפִים ח׳ Tehillim 50:18 with adulterers is thy chosen life (companionship, shewing character); בְּחַלְּקֵי־נַחַל חֶלְקֵךְ Yeshaya 57:6 among smooth (things that is stones) of a brook-bed is thy chosen life (of idolatrous habit; see חָלָק); חֶלְקָם בַּחַיִּים Tehillim 17:14.

portion, award, from God ח׳ אֱלוֹהַּ Iyov 31:2 (‖ נחלה); specif. of punishment of wicked Yeshaya 17:14 (‖ גּוֹרָל), עִם־אֵל Iyov 27:13, מֵאֱלֹהִים Iyov 20:29 (‖ נחלה); = profit, reward, חֶלְקִי מִכָּל־עֲמָלִי Koheles 2:10, compare v Koheles 2:21; Koheles 3:22 Koheles 5:17, Koheles 5:18; Koheles 9:9.—לְחֵלֶק Iyov 17:5 is doubtful: a share of feast, or of booty, Kmp Hitzig; a prey, spoil, Ewald Dillmann Davidson; Authorized Version flattery does not suit context.

חֵ֫לֶק²

proper name (masc.) (portion) a Gileadite Bamidbar 26:30; Yehoshua 17:2. Septuagint Χελεγ, (κ), Κελεζ, etc.; SeptuagintL Yehoshua 17:2 Ελεκ.

חֶלְקָה

noun (fem.) portion of ground;—absolute ח׳ Amos 4:7^(×2) + 8 times; construct חֶלְקַת Breishis 33:19 + 12 times; with suffix חֶלְקָתִי Yirmiya 12:10; חֶלְקָתָם Iyov 24:18; portion of ground,

especially

ח׳ הַשָּׂדֶה = the clearly divided field Breishis 33:19 Yehoshua 24:32 (both E), Shmuel Beis 23:11, Rus 2:3; Rus 4:3, Melachim Beis 9:25, Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:13. Also

without השׂדה Amos 4:7^(×2), Shmuel Beis 14:30;^(×2), Shmuel Beis 14:31; Shmuel Beis 23:12; Melachim Beis 3:19, Melachim Beis 3:25; Melachim Beis 9:21, Melachim Beis 9:26^(×2) Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:14 Iyov 24:18; of י׳’s land Yirmiya 12:10^(×2) (‖ כַּרְמִי); compare also proper name (place) חלקת הַצֻּרִים Shmuel Beis 2:16 field of sword-edges (Driver). Septuagint Ewald^{G iii. 156, Eng. tr. 114} Wellhausen read ח׳ הַצֹּדִים field of plotters or liers-in-wait (see Driver).

portion of ground assigned to one, ח׳ מחקק Devarim 33:21 commander’s portion.

חֶלְקָ֑י

proper name (masc.) priest, time of Joiakim son of Jeshua, Nechemia 12:15 (perhaps abbrev. for חלקיהו, (q.see), SeptuagintL Χελκιας (B om.)

חֶלְקַת הַצֻּרִים

proper name (place) a place near pool of Gibeon where Ishbosheth’s men were killed by Dvd.’s men under Joab Shmuel Beis 2:16, Septuagint Μέρις τῶν ἐπιβούλων; on meaning of name see i חֶלְקָה above

חִלְקִיָּהוּ

proper name (masc.) (my portion is י׳) Septuagint usually Χελκ(ε)ιας, Χελχιας;—

father of Eliakim, Hezekiah’s officer, חלקיהו Melachim Beis 18:18, Melachim Beis 18:26; Yeshaya 22:20; Yeshaya 36:3, Yeshaya 36:22; חלקיה Melachim Beis 18:37.

high priest, Josiah’s time, חלקיהו Melachim Beis 22:4, Melachim Beis 22:8, Melachim Beis 22:14; Melachim Beis 23:4, Melachim Beis 23:24; Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:9, Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:14, Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:15^(×2), Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:18, Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:20, Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:22; חלקיה Melachim Beis 22:8, Melachim Beis 22:10, Melachim Beis 22:12 Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:39^(×2) Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:11; Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:8; Ezra 7:1, compare also Nechemia 11:11.

חלקיהו father of Jerem. Yirmiya 1:1.—The following are all חלקיה:

Levites:

Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:30.

Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:11.

a priest, contemp. of Ezra Nechemia 4:8; Nechemia 12:7, Nechemia 12:21.

father of Gemariah, an ambassador of Zedekiah to Nebuchadrezzar Yirmiya 29:3.

חָלַק²

verb be smooth, slippery (Mishnaic Hebrew adjective חָלָק smooth, empty, Arabic خَلَقَ make smooth, lie, forge, fabricate)—

past (עבר) ח׳ Hoshea 10:2; 3rd masculine plural חָֽלְקוּ Tehillim 55:22;—smooth, slippery, only figuratively: Hoshea 10:2 of heart of faithless Isr. (so Ewald Ke Wü Nowack Revised Version margin), Wellhausen false; > old versions (not Septuagint) Hitzig St who read חֻלַּק, divided is their heart; Septuagint ἐμέρισαν; of words, smooth Tehillim 55:22 that is deceptive (‖ רַכּוּ דְבָרָיו מִשֶּׁמֶן).

past (עבר) הֶחֱלִיק Tehillim 36:3, הֶחֱלִיקָה Mishlei 2:16; Mishlei 7:5; future (עתיד) יַחֲלִיקוּן Tehillim 5:10; participle (בינוני) מַחֲלִיק Mishlei 28:23 + 2 times; make smooth:

literally of idol-maker Yeshaya 41:7 with a direct object instr. פַּטִּישׁ hammer.

figuratively the tongue, that is flatter with it Tehillim 5:10; Mishlei 28:23, words, Mishlei 2:16; Mishlei 7:5 אֲמָרֶיהָ הֶחֱלִיקָה; absolute deal smoothy, followed by אֶל־ Tehillim 36:3, עַל Mishlei 29:5.

חֵ֫לֶק³

n.[m.] smoothness, seductiveness of speech, only singular construct בְּחֵלֶק שְׂפָתֶיהָ תַּדִּיחֶ֑נּוּ Mishlei 7:21 with the seductiveness of her lips she impelleth him (‖ הִטַּתּוּ בְּרֹב לִקְחָהּ).—i. and ii. חֵלֶק see under I. חלק.

חָלָק

adjective smooth—

literally אִישׁ חָלָק Breishis 27:11, smooth man (opposite אישׁ שָׂעִר); הָהָר הֶחָלָק Yehoshua 11:17; Yehoshua 12:7 the bald mt. (both D); southern limit of Jos.’s conquest, identif. doubtful; (1) white cliffs 8 m. S. of Dead Sea, and (2) Mt. Mâdara SW. from Pass es-Ṣafâ are proposed, see Dillmann.; as noun חַלְּקֵי־נַחַל Yeshaya 57:6 (see i. חֵלָק, 4) smooth (stones) of a brook-bed (ravine, wady), that is thou worshippest common round stones (contempt., see Cheyne Dillmann).

figuratively of mouth uttering smooth words וְחָלָק מִשֶּׁמֶן חִכָּהּ Mishlei 5:3 compare Mishlei 26:28.

as noun = flattery מִקְסַם חָלָק Yechezkel 12:24 divination of flattery or of a flatterer.

חֶלְקָה²

noun (fem.) smooth part, smoothness, flattery;—construct חֶלְקַת Breishis 27:16; Mishlei 6:24; plural חֲלָקוֹת Tehillim 12:3 + 3 times;—

smoothness, smooth part חֶלְקַת צַוָּארָיו Breishis 27:16.

plural slippery places Tehillim 73:18 figuratively of situation of wicked.

smoothness = flattery שְׂפַת ח׳ Tehillim 12:3, compare v Tehillim 12:4; חֶלְקַת לָשׁוֹן Mishlei 6:24; = noun plural smooth things, that is agreeable, flattering things Yeshaya 30:10.—i. חֶלְקָה see under I. חלק.

חַלֻּק

adjective smooth, only plural construct חַלֻּקֵי אֲבָנִים Shmuel Alef 17:40 smooth ones of (among) stones = smooth (or smoothest?) stones Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) §§ 132 P 2. 133, 3 Driver^Smend.

חֲלוּשָׁה

noun (fem.) weakness prostration, אֵין קוֹל עֲנוֹת ח׳ Shemos 32:18 it is not the sound of the answering of weakness (opposite גְּבוּרָה).

חָם

proper namepersonm. and location (compare Sabean חם Hal²⁴³)—Septuagint Χαμ:—

Ham, 2nd son of Noah Breishis 5:32; Breishis 6:10; Breishis 7:13; Breishis 9:18^(×2) Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:4; called father of Canaan Breishis 9:22 and of various peoples Breishis 10:1, Breishis 10:6, Breishis 10:20 Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:8, compare מִן־חָם הַיֹּשְׁבִים שָׁם Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:40; these peoples were inhabitants of southern lands, or related historically or politically to such inhabitants; see כּוּשׁ, כְּנַעַן, מִצְרַיִם, פּוּט, etc.

in late ψψ a name (coll.) for Egyptians:—אָֽהֳלֵי־ח׳ Tehillim 78:51; אֶרֶץ־ח׳ Tehillim 105:23, Tehillim 105:27; Tehillim 106:22 (all ‖ מִצְרַיִם, exc. Tehillim 105:27).—On historical significance, and attempts at etymol. see Dillmann ^{Gen. ed. 6, chap. 10, especially pp. 165, 168 f.}, Hom ^{SV i. 427} Budde^{Urg. 323} Wiedemann^{Ägypt. Gesch. i. 22}.

חָם²

husband’s father, see חמה.

חַם

adjective warm, hot, see under חמם.

חֹם

see under חמם.

חֶמְאָה

noun (fem.) curd;—ח׳ Breishis 18:8 + 6 times; = חֵמָה Iyov 29:6; construct חֶמְאַח Devarim 32:14; curd, curdled milk, mod. leben on mode of making lebben, by shaking milk in sour milk-skin, see Doughty^{Arabic Des. i. 221, 263; ii. 304, etc.} Thomson ^{Land and Book ii. 418}. See also ARSK^{Ency. Bib. Milk}. מִיץ חָלָב יוֹצִיא ח׳ Mishlei 30:33, elsewhere joined with חָלָב Breishis 18:8 Devarim 32:14 (poem; חֶמְאַת בָּקָר וַחֲלֵב צֹאן), Shoftim 5:25 (where served בְּסֵפֶל אַדִּירִים, see ספל); with דְּבַשׁ Shmuel Beis 17:29 Yeshaya 7:15, Yeshaya 7:22^(×2); compare נַחֲלֵי דבשׁ וח׳ figuratively of abundance Iyov 20:17; בִּרְחֹץ הֲלִיכַי בְּחֵמָ֑ה Iyov 29:6 (‖ צוּר יָצוּק פַּלְגֵי־שָֽׁמֶן׃). מַחֲמָאֹת.

חמָא

see חֵמָה under יחם.

חֶ֫מֶד

n.[m.] desire, delight—absolute ח׳ Amos 5:11 + 4 times; only after a construct; כַּרְמֵי־ח׳ נְטַעְתֶּם Amos 5:11 vineyards of desire (that is delightful vineyards) have ye planted; so read also Yeshaya 27:2 (for Masoretic Text כֶּרֶם חֶמֶר) Codd. ℌ Septuagint van d. H. Lo Hitzig Ewald De Dillmann Cheyne Duhm; so of fields שְׂדֵי ח׳ Yeshaya 32:12; elsewhere of young men בַּחוּרֵי ח׳ Yechezkel 23:6, Yechezkel 23:12, Yechezkel 23:23 desirable young men = fine, attractive, young men.

חֶמְדָּה

noun (fem.) the same—ח׳ Hoshea 13:15 + 8 times; construct חֶמְדַּת Shmuel Alef 9:20 + 3 times; with suffix חֶמְדָּתִי Yirmiya 12:10; חֶמְדָּתֵךְ Yechezkel 26:12; חֶמְדָּתָם Daniel 11:8;—desire of Israel Shmuel Alef 9:20 followed by לְ before object of desire; בְּלֹא ח׳ = without desire Divrei HaYamim Beis 21:20 (that is he lived as no one desired), see Öt Septuagint (not SeptuagintL) Vulgate; concrete: כל־ח׳ ישׂראל Shmuel Alef 9:20 and for whom is all that is desirable in Isr.? so Septuagint Vulgate Revised Version Driver; (> Authorized Version and on whom is all the desire of Isr.?); compare ובאו ח׳ כל־הגוים Chaggai 2:7 (that is the desirable, precious things of all nations); elsewhere after construct as חֶמֶד; especially כלי ח׳ Hoshea 13:15; Nachum 2:10; Yirmiya 25:34; Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:27; Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:10; Daniel 11:8; שְׂכִיּוֹת ח׳ Yeshaya 2:16, אֶרֶץ ח׳ Tehillim 106:24; Yirmiya 3:19; Zecharia 7:14, compare חֶלְקַת ח׳ Yirmiya 12:10; בתי ח׳ Yechezkel 26:12; ח׳ נשׁים Daniel 11:37, appar. ref. to some object of idolatrous worship, perhaps Adonis = Tammuz Ewald Bev (Astarte, Meinh).

חֶמְדָּן

proper name (masc.) an Edomite Breishis 36:26 Septuagint Αμαδα = חַמְרָן Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:41 (Septuagint Εμερων, SeptuagintL Αμαδαμ).

חָם³

noun (masc.) husband’s father (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, of husband’s or wife’s father, so Aramaic חֲמָא; Arabic حَمٌّ husband’s male relation (father, brother, paternal uncle), but also wife’s father, etc.; Ethiopic ሐም Assyrian emu, Zim^{BP 48});—only with suffix חָמִ֫יךָ Breishis 38:13, Breishis 38:25, of Judah as Tamar’s father-in-law; חָמִ֫יהָ Shmuel Alef 4:19, Shmuel Alef 4:21 of Eli, father-in-law of Phinehas’ wife.

חוֹמָה²

noun (fem.) wall (as protection; construct חמת Mesha Inscription^21.21)—absolute ח׳ Vayikra 25:29 + 59 times (incl. לְהַחוֹמָה Nechemia 12:38); חֹמָה Shemos 14:29 + 8 times; construct חוֹמַת Yehoshua 6:5 + 28 times; with suffix חוֹמָתָהּ Nachum 2:6; Nachum 3:8; plural absolute חוֹמוֹת Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:5; Yeshaya 26:1; חֹמוֹת Shir HaShirim 5:7; construct חוֹמוֹת Tehillim 51:20; חוֹמֹת Melachim Beis 25:10 + 9 times; with suffix חוֹמֹתַי Yeshaya 56:5; חֹמֹתֶיךָ Devarim 28:52; Yeshaya 25:12; חוֹמוֹתַיִךְ Yechezkel 26:10, Yechezkel 26:12; Yechezkel 27:11^(×2); חוֹמֹתַיִךְ Yeshaya 49:16 + 2 times; חֹמֹתַיִךְ Yeshaya 60:10; חֹמוֹתָ֑יִךְ Yechezkel 26:9; חוֹמוֹתֶיהָ Yirmiya 50:15; חוֹמֹתֶיהָ Tehillim 55:11; Yirmiya 1:15; dual חוֹמֹתַיִם Yeshaya 22:11; חֹמֹתַיִם Melachim Beis 25:4 = Yirmiya 52:7; חֹמֹתָ֑ים Yirmiya 39:4 (see Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 113 a Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 87 s);—

usually term for wall of city Devarim 28:52; Yehoshua 2:15; Yehoshua 6:5, Yehoshua 6:20 (all ), Shmuel Alef 31:10, Shmuel Alef 31:12; Shmuel Beis 11:20, Shmuel Beis 11:21^(×2) Melachim Beis 18:26, Melachim Beis 18:27 = Yeshaya 36:11, Yeshaya 36:12, Amos 1:7, Amos 1:10, Amos 1:14; Yeshaya 2:15; Yeshaya 22:10, Yeshaya 22:11; Yeshaya 25:12; Nachum 2:6; Nachum 3:8; Yechezkel 26:9 +, Yirmiya 1:15 +, Yoel 2:7, Yoel 2:9; בֵּין הַחֹמֹתַיִם (of Jerus.) that is between the two walls of the Ophel and the SW. hill respectively, of a reservoir Yeshaya 22:11, a gate Melachim Beis 25:4 = Yirmiya 34:4 = Yirmiya 52:7; symbol of Isr.; Amos 7:7; Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:5; Divrei HaYamim Beis 14:6; Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:23; Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:6^(×3) Tehillim 51:20; Nechemia 1:3 + 31 times in Ne; חוֹמַת אֲנָךְ Amos 7:7 (literally wall of a plummet) is of doubtful meaning: a wall built plumb, or by means of a plumb-line? Wellhausen thinks unintelligible; עִיר חוֹמָה = walled city, Vayikra 25:29, עִיר אשׁר לֹא ה׳ v Vayikra 25:30 (לֹא = לוֹ), opposite הַחֲצֵרִים אשׁר אין להם ח׳ v Vayikra 25:31 (all H); more elaborately עָרִים בְּצֻרֹת ח׳ גְבֹהָה דְּלָתַיִם וּבְרִ֑יחַ Devarim 3:5, compare Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:5; ע׳ גְּדֹלוֹת חוֹמָה וּבְרִיחַ נְחֹשֶׁת Melachim Alef 4:13; ח׳ בְצוּרָה Yeshaya 2:15; ח׳ singular of wall of Jerus. Melachim Alef 3:1 + often; contempt. חוֹמַת אַבְנֵיהֶם Nechemia 3:35; less often plural Nechemia 2:13 +; of specific portions of wall ח׳ הָעֹפֶל Divrei HaYamim Beis 27:3; Nechemia 3:27; ח׳ בְּרֵכַת הַשֶּׁלַה Nechemia 3:15; הַח׳ הָֽרְחָבָה Nechemia 3:8; Nechemia 12:38; also (generally) of Babylon Yirmiya 51:58.—Men build, בנה, the ח׳ Melachim Alef 9:15 +, especially (of rebuilding), Nechemia 2:17 +; fortify it בִּצֵּר Yeshaya 22:10; it is joined together קשׁר Nechemia 3:38; is repaired עָֽלְתָה אֲרוּכָה לְח׳ Nechemia 4:1; it falls נפל Yehoshua 6:5, Yehoshua 6:20; Melachim Alef 20:30; Yechezkel 38:20; the enemy makes it fall הִפִּיל Shmuel Beis 20:15 (preceded by מַשְׁחִית si vera l., see Driver); destroys it הִשְׁחִית Eicha 2:8; שִׁחֵת Yechezkel 26:4; makes a breach in it פָּרַץ בּ׳ Melachim Beis 14:13 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:23, compare פרץ with a direct object Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:6; Nechemia 3:35, and וַיִּבֶן אֶת־בל־הח׳ הַפְּרוּצָה Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:5; also (in simile) עִיר פְּרוּצָה ואין ח׳ Mishlei 25:28; and Pu. pt. מְפֹרָ֑צֶת Nechemia 1:3; one breaks it down נָתַץ Melachim Beis 25:10; Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:19; Yirmiya 39:8; Yirmiya 52:14; tears it down הָרַס Yechezkel 26:12, compare passive Yirmiya 50:15; Amos predicts that י׳ will send fire into wall (of Gaza, etc.): וְשִׁלַּחְתִּי אֵשׁ בְּח׳ Amos 1:7, Amos 1:10; or kindle fire in וְהִצַּתִּי אֵשׁ בְּח׳ v Amos 1:14, so Yirmiya 49:27.

wall of a building:

citadel, fortress ח׳ ארמנותיה Eicha 2:7.

surrounding new temple Yechezkel 40:5; Yechezkel 42:20.

figuratively of waters of Red Sea Shemos 14:22, Shemos 14:29, compare Nachum 3:8; of David’s men as protectors of Nabal’s shepherds Shmuel Alef 25:16; of prophet as object of assault חוֹמַת נְחשֶׁת Yirmiya 1:18; ח׳ נחשׁת בְּצוּרָה Yirmiya 15:20; of strong, virtuous woman Shir HaShirim 8:9, Shir HaShirim 8:10; of salvation, יְשׁוּעָה, as defence Yeshaya 26:1 (‖ חֵל); of י׳ himself ח׳ אֵשׁ Zecharia 2:9; a dangerous polit. scheme is called breach in ח׳ נִשְׂגָּבָה Yeshaya 30:13; ח׳ נִשְׂגָּבָה in simile of wealth Mishlei 18:11 (‖ קִרְיַת עֻזּוֹ); a reckless man is עִיר פְּרוּצָה אֵין ח׳ Mishlei 25:28.

חֲמוּטַל

Keri, חמיטל Kesiv, proper namef. (meaning doubtful; perhaps, if Kesiv right, my husband’s father is the dew, compare אֲבִיטַל)—Septuagint Αμειται, Μιτατ; A Αμιταλ, Αμιταθ; SeptuagintL Αμιταλ;—mother of the kings Jehoahaz and Zedekiah, sons of Josiah Melachim Beis 23:31; Melachim Beis 24:18 Keri (Kesiv חמיטל) = Yirmiya 52:1 Keri (Kesiv the same)

חֵמָה

wrath, see under יחם; חֵמָה Iyov 29:6, see חֶמְאָה; חַמָּה, חַמָּן, חַמּוֹן, חַמַּת see under חמם.

חַמּוּאֵל

proper name (masc.) see under חמם.

חֲמִיטַל

see חמוטל above

חָמַל

verb spare (Arabic حَمَلَ is bear, become responsible; Aramaic ܚܡܰܠ comportavit, congessit);—

past (עבר) ח׳ Shmuel Alef 15:15 + 3 times; חָמָ֑ל Shmuel Beis 12:6; Eicha 2:17; חָמָ֑לְתָּ Eicha 2:21; Eicha 3:43; וְחָמַלְתִּ֫י Malachi 3:17; future (עתיד) יַחְמֹל Iyov 16:13 + 6 times; יַחְמוֹל Iyov 6:10 + 3 times; וַיַּחְמֹל Shmuel Alef 15:9 + 3 times; 3rd feminine singular וַתַּחְמֹל Shemos 2:6; 2nd masculine singular תַּחְמֹל Devarim 13:9 Shmuel Alef 15:3; אֶחְמֹל Yechezkel 8:18; Yechezkel 9:10; אֶחְמוֹל Yirmiya 13:14 + 4 times; וָאֶחְמֹל Yechezkel 36:21; יַחְמֹ֑לוּ Yeshaya 9:18; תַּחְמְלוּ Yirmiya 50:14; Yirmiya 51:3; תַּחְמֹ֑לוּ Yechezkel 9:5; infinitive (מקור) construct חֻמְלָה Yechezkel 16:5 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 45. 1. b);—spare, have compassion, c. על Shemos 2:6, Shmuel Alef 15:3, Shmuel Alef 15:9, Shmuel Alef 15:15; Shmuel Alef 23:21; Shmuel Beis 21:7; Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:15, Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:17; Yirmiya 15:5; Yechezkel 16:5; Yechezkel 36:21; Iyov 20:13; Zecharia 11:5, Zecharia 11:6; Malachi 3:17^(×2) Yoel 2:18; Devarim 13:9 (‖ חוס followed by על), Yirmiya 21:7 (‖ חוס followed by על + רתם), Yechezkel 9:10 (‖ חוס followed by על according to Peshitta Targum Co); followed by אֶל־ Yirmiya 51:3; Yeshaya 9:18; note poet. אַל־תַּחְ׳ אֶל־חֵץ = spare no arrow Yirmiya 50:14; followed by infinitive (מקור) Shmuel Beis 12:4; absolute Shmuel Beis 12:6; Yeshaya 30:14; Eicha 2:17, Eicha 2:21, also v Eicha 2:2 where appar. followed by direct object, Eicha 3:43; Iyov 6:10; Iyov 16:13; Iyov 27:22; Mishlei 6:34; Chavakuk 1:17; ‖ חוס Yechezkel 5:11; Yechezkel 7:4 (del. Co as doubl. of v Yechezkel 7:9), Yechezkel 7:9; Yechezkel 8:18; Yechezkel 9:5; Yirmiya 13:14 (‖ אחוס and ארחם).

חֻמְלָה

see חמל infinitive (מקור)

חָמַם

verb be or become warm (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Pi., make warm, Aramaic ܚܰܡ, חֲמַם be warm; Arabic حَمَّ become hot, of water; also heat, kindle fire in)—

past (עבר) חַם Tehillim 39:4; Shemos 16:21; וְחַם consec. Melachim Alef 1:2; Koheles 4:11; חַמּוֹתִ֫י Yeshaya 44:16; future (עתיד) יָחֹם Yeshaya 44:16; וַיָּ֫חָם Melachim Beis 4:34; Yeshaya 44:15; יִחַם (יֵ K³) Melachim Alef 1:1; יֵחַם Devarim 19:6; יֵחָ֑ם Koheles 4:11; 3rd feminine singular תֵּחַם Yechezkel 24:11; יֵחַמּוּ Hoshea 7:7; וַיֶּחֱמוּ Breishis 30:29; וַיֵּחַמְנָה v Breishis 30:38 (last seven forms could be also from יחם q.see; but no decisive evidence that this √ is used in Qal; they are placed under חמם by Gesenius' Thesaurus Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 193 a Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 243 b; see also Konig^{i. 365, 417 ff.}, who on account of יחם Pi. infinitive (מקור) Breishis 30:41; Breishis 31:10, der. last two, needlessly, from יחם); infinitive (מקור) לַחְמָם Yeshaya 47:14, compare Iyov 30:4 (where, however, ל׳ is from לֶחֶם Mich Dillmann unles (Luzz Cheyne) we read לְחַמֵּם Pi. infinitive (מקור) in both); חֹם Shmuel Alef 11:9; Chaggai 1:6; Nechemia 7:3; with suffix חֻמּוֹ Iyov 6:17; חֻמָּם Yirmiya 51:39;—

literally, be or grow warm Shemos 16:21 (P; subj. שֶׁמֶשׁ), compare Shmuel Alef 11:9; Nechemia 7:3 and Iyov 6:17 (with suffix of impers. subj.); from fire Yeshaya 44:15, Yeshaya 44:16^(×2) Yeshaya 47:14 (compare above); natural heat Melachim Alef 1:1, Melachim Alef 1:2 (by personal contact), so Melachim Beis 4:34; Koheles 4:11^(×2), from clothing Chaggai 1:6; of Jerusalem under figuratively of pot or caldron Yechezkel 24:11.

figuratively, subj. לִבִּי Tehillim 39:4 (‖ בַּהֲגִיגִי תִבְעַר־אֵשׁ), compare Devarim 19:6; of conspirators Hoshea 7:7; Chaldeans Yirmiya 51:39.

of heat in conception (animals) Breishis 30:38, Breishis 30:39 (compare יחם).

participle (בינוני) נֵחָמִים באלים Yeshaya 57:5 (Konig^i.371), inflame oneself with, of idolatry.

future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תְּחַמֵּם Iyov 39:14 keep eggs warm (of ostrich).

future (עתיד) יִתְחַמָּם warm oneself Iyov 31:20 מִגֵּז כְּבָשִׂים by means of fleece of sheep.

חֹם²

noun (masc.)^{Yirmiya 17:8} heat;—חֹם absolute Breishis 8:22 + 3 times + Shmuel Alef 21:7 (see infrom); construct Breishis 18:1 + 3 times; of heat of (mid-)day חֹם היום Breishis 18:1, Shmuel Alef 11:11; Shmuel Beis 4:5; in promise of regular seasons Breishis 8:22 (opposite קֹר); compare Yeshaya 18:4^(×2) (ח׳ קָצִיר); but as dangerous to plant-life Yirmiya 17:8; it melts snow Iyov 24:19; לֶחֶם חֹם Shmuel Alef 21:7 bread of heat = hot bread, read perhaps ל׳ חָם (as Yehoshua 9:12).

חַם²

adjective hot;—לחם חָ֞ם Yehoshua 9:12 hot bread, that is freshly baked; בגדים חַמִּים Iyov 37:17 of garments heated by south wind.—1. חָם see above p. 325. 2. חָם see under חמה.

חַמָּה

noun (fem.) heat, sun (poet.)—חַמָּה Yeshaya 24:23 + 4 times; חַמָּתוֹ Tehillim 19:7;—

heat of sun Tehillim 19:7.

= sun Iyov 30:28; ‖ לְבָנָה moon Yeshaya 24:23; Yeshaya 30:26^(×2) Shir HaShirim 6:10.

חַמּוֹן

proper name (place) (hot spring?)—

town in Asher Yehoshua 19:28.

in Naphtali Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:61 (perhaps = 1. חַמַּת, חַמַּת דֹּאר, see Be and Dillmann Yehoshua 19:35).

חַמֹּת דֹּאר

proper name (place) in Naphtali, Levitical city Yehoshua 21:32 (perhaps = 1. חַמַּת, חַמּוֹן 2 see Dillmann), Septuagint Νεμμαθ, A Εμαθδωρ, SeptuagintL Αμαθδωρ.

חַמּוּאֵל²

proper name (masc.) (meaning? comp. Sabean חמא[ל] Hal²¹⁵)—a Simeonite Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:26 SeptuagintL Αμουηλ.

חָמַס

verb treat violenty, wrong (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, act violently, treat violently; Aramaic חֲמַס (rare) violently seize; Arabic حَمِسَ is be hard, strict, rigorous)—

past (עבר) 3rd plural חָֽמְסוּ Yechezkel 22:26; Tzefania 3:4; future (עתיד) יַחְמֹס Iyov 15:33, וַיַּחְמֹם Eicha 2:6; תַּחְמֹ֑סוּ Iyov 21:27; Yirmiya 22:3; participle (בינוני) חֹמֵס Mishlei 8:36;—treat violently, wrong;—

of physical wrong: תַּחְ׳ Yirmiya 22:3 (‖ תֹּנוּ) of wrong to widows and orphans; וַיַּח׳ כַּגַּן שֻׂכּוֹ Eicha 2:6 and hath done violence to his pavilion as to a garden (‖ שִׁחֵת מֹעֲדוֹ); so, figuratively, of vine, wrong, that is fail to nourish, kill יַח׳ כַּגֶּפֶן בִּסְרוֹ Iyov 15:33.

of ethical wrong, object תּוֹרָה Tzefania 3:4; Yechezkel 22:26 (both ‖ חִלֵּל קֹדֶשׁ); compare מְזִמּוֹת עָלַי תַּחְמֹ֑סוּ Iyov 21:27 the devices (wherewith) ye do me violence.

both physical and ethical חֹטְאִי חֹמֵס נַפְשׁוֹ Mishlei 8:36.

past (עבר) 3rd plural נֶחְמְסוּ Yirmiya 13:22 thy heels suffer violence (‖ נִגְלוּ שׁוּלַיִךְ).

חָמָס

noun (masc.) ^{Tehillim 7:17} violence, wrong—absolute ח׳ Breishis 6:11 + 44 times; construct חֲמַס Shoftim 9:24 + 7 times; with suffix חֲמָסִי Breishis 16:5; Yirmiya 51:35 (in both = wrong done to me); חֲמָסוֹ Tehillim 7:17; plural חֲמָסִים Shmuel Beis 22:49 + 3 times;—violence specif. of physical violence Shoftim 9:24; Shmuel Beis 22:3 (not ‖ Tehillim 18:3), Ob¹⁰, Chavakuk 1:9; Yirmiya 51:35 (of Chaldeans), Chavakuk 2:8, Chavakuk 2:17^(×2) Yoel 4:19 Tehillim 72:14; but also wrong, incl. injurious language, harsh treatment, etc. Breishis 16:5 (J, of wrong done to Sarah by Hagar), Iyov 19:7 Malachi 2:16; in generally of rude wickedness of men, their noisy, wild, ruthlessness Micha 6:12 Chavakuk 1:2; Tzefania 1:9 Mishlei 10:6, Mishlei 10:11; Mishlei 13:2; Mishlei 26:6 + Yechezkel 7:11 (si vera l., see Co), ‖ שֹׁד Amos 3:10; Chavakuk 1:3; Yirmiya 6:7; Yirmiya 20:8; Yechezkel 45:9; Yeshaya 60:18, ‖ רִיב Tehillim 55:10, ‖ עָמָל Tehillim 7:17, ‖ גַּאֲוָה Tehillim 73:6, אֹהֵב ח׳ Tehillim 11:5 (‖ רָשָׁע), denied, of servant of י׳ Yeshaya 53:9, ח׳ בארץ Yirmiya 51:46, compare Breishis 6:11, Breishis 6:13, Yechezkel 8:17; Yechezkel 12:19; מָֽלְאוּ מַחֲשַׁכֵּי־אֶרֶץ נְאוֹת ח׳ Tehillim 74:20, הָעִיר מָֽלְאָה ח׳ Yechezkel 7:23; Yechezkel 28:16, שֶׁבֶת ח׳ Amos 6:3 is (probably) enthronement of violence; כְּלֵי ח׳ Breishis 49:5 (poem) instruments, weapons, of violence;—other phrases are: ח׳ בְּיָדַיִם Yonah 3:8; Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:17, compare Iyov 16:17, ח׳ יְדֵיכֶם Tehillim 58:3 and פֹּעַל ח׳ בְּכַפֵּיהֶם Yeshaya 59:6; עֵד ח׳ that is a witness that promotes violence and wrong Shemos 23:1, Devarim 19:16, עֵדֵי ח׳ Tehillim 35:11; עֵדֵי שֶׁקֶר וִיפֵחַ חָמָס Tehillim 27:12; שׂנאת ח׳ Tehillim 25:19 = hatred characterized by violence; אִישׁ חָמָס = violent man Tehillim 18:49 (Shmuel Beis 22:49 has the later א׳ חמסים, compare below) Tehillim 140:12 Mishlei 3:31; Mishlei 16:29; אישׁ חמסים (later) Tehillim 140:2, Tehillim 140:5; Shmuel Beis 22:49; יֵין חֲמָסִים Mishlei 4:17 that is wine gained by violence (‖ לֶחֶם רֶשַׁע).

חָמֵץ

verb be sour, leavened (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Pi. Hiph. make sour, leaven; Arabic حَمُضَ be sour; Aramaic חֲמַע be sour, leavened, ܚܡܰܥ, be leavened)—

past (עבר) חָמֵץ Shemos 12:39; future (עתיד) יֶחְמָ֑ץ Shemos 12:34; infinitive (מקור) with suffix חֻמְצָתוֹ Hoshea 7:4;—be leavened, of dough (בָּצֵק), Shemos 12:34, Shemos 12:39, compare Hoshea 7:4.

be soured, embittered, Tehillim 73:21 (‖ כִּלְיוֹתַי אֶשְׁתּוֹנָן).

חָמֵץ²

noun (masc.) ^{Shemos 13:3} that which is leavened—ח׳ Shemos 12:15 + 10 times—forbidden at Passover Shemos 12:15, Shemos 13:3, Shemos 13:7, Devarim 16:3, in all sacrifices Shemos 23:18; Shemos 34:25 (both ); compare Amos 4:5; Vayikra 2:11; Vayikra 6:10 (P; appos.); exceptions are לֶחֶם ח׳ of peace-offering Vayikra 7:13, and the wave-loaves (ח׳ appos.) Vayikra 23:17.—see Robertson Smith^{Sem 203 OTJC 2, 345}.

חֹ֫מֶץ

noun (masc.) vinegar—ח׳ absolute Mishlei 10:26 + 3 times; construct Bamidbar 6:3^(×2);—a common condiment Rus 2:14, forbidden to Nazirite (ח׳ יין and ח׳ שֵׁכָר) Bamidbar 6:3^(×2), offered (in cruelty) to a thirsty man Tehillim 69:22 (figuratively for harshness, lack of sympathy); in simile of sluggard כַּחֹמֶץ לַשִּׁנַּיִם Mishlei 10:26, ח׳ עַל־נָ֑תֶר Mishlei 25:20 vinegar on nitre (simile of merry songs for the heavy-hearted).

חָמִיץ

adjective seasoned (viz. with salt, or a salt herb—Arabic حَمْضٌ, Pun. Ἀμουτ [= חמוץ] Blau^{ZMG 1873, 522}; see Gesenius' Thesaurus—rendering it more tasty), of provender for cattle בְּלִיל חָמִיץ יֹאכֵ֑לוּ Yeshaya 30:24.

חָמוֹץ

n.[m.] coll. the ruthless—only אַשְּׁרוּ ח׳ Yeshaya 1:17 set right the ruthless, so Hitzig Ewald Kn De Cheyne Dillmann; old versions give passive (perhaps חָמוּץ) hence Authorized Version relieve the oppressed; but on form חָמוֹץ = doer of action see Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 152 b.

חָמַק

verb turn away (intr.)—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular וְדוֹדִי ח׳ עָכָ֑ר Shir HaShirim 5:6 and my beloved had turned away, passed on.

future (עתיד) 2nd feminine singular עַד־מָתַי תִּתְחַמָּקִין הַבַּת הַשּׁוֹבֵבָה Yirmiya 31:22 turn hither and thither, see Graf VB.

חָמַר

verb ferment, boil or foam up (Arabic خَمَرَ ferment, leaven, خُمْرَةٌ, خَمِيرَةٌ, n. leaven; see Lagarde^{BN 207});—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular וְיַיִן ח׳ Tehillim 75:9 and wine which foams, (others from IV. חמר be red); 3rd plural חָֽמְרוּ is suggested by Wellhausen as poss. Chavakuk 3:15 (for Masoretic Text חֹמֶר q.see) the great waters foamed; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יֶהֱמוּ יֶחְמְרוּ מֵימָיו Tehillim 46:4 let its water roar and foam. Peʿalʿal past (עבר) passive 3rd plural מֵעַי חֳמַרְמָ֑רוּ Eicha 1:20 my bowels are in a ferment (‖ נֶהְפַּךְ לִבִּי), of distress at calamities of Jerus.; so חֳמַרְמְרוּ מֵעַי Eicha 2:11.—Iyov 16:16 see IV. חמר.

חֶ֫מֶר

n.[m.] wine (poet.) (Aramaic ܚܰܡܪܳܐ, חַמְרָא; Arabic خَمْرٌ, see Lagarde^{BN 207})—וְדַם־עֵנָב תִּשְׁתֶּה־חָ֑מֶר Devarim 32:14; כֶּרֶם חֶמֶר Yeshaya 27:2, but read here כֶּרֶם חֶמֶד (see הֶמֶד).

חֵמָר

n.[m.] bitumen, asphalt (from I. חמר according to OBlau^{ZMG 1869, 279}, bitumen as seething, swelling up; Gesenius' Thesaurus Muhlau-Volck, from IV. חמר, with ref. to reddish-brown colour)—חֵמָר Breishis 11:3 + 2 times; used for cement in building Babel Breishis 11:3; abounding in vale of Siddim בֶּאֱרֹת בֶּאֱרֹת ח׳ Breishis 14:10; used in coating Moses’ ‘ark’ of bulrushes Shemos 2:3 (E; ‖ זָ֑פֶת).

חֹ֫מֶר

noun (masc.) cement, mortar, clay;—ח׳ absolute Breishis 11:3 + 13 times; construct Yeshaya 10:6 + 2 times;—

mortar, cement for holding building-stones (brick) together Breishis 11:3, Shemos 1:14 (P; both ‖ לְבֵנִים); Nachum 3:14 (‖ טיט).

clay:

as material of vessels Yirmiya 18:4, Yirmiya 18:6, ח׳ היצר Yeshaya 29:16, in simile of God’s fashioning man Yeshaya 45:9; Yeshaya 64:7; Iyov 10:9; as material of human bodies בָּתֵּי ח׳ Iyov 4:19 compare Iyov 33:6; as material of bulwarks (disparagingly) Iyov 13:12; ח׳ חותם = seal-clay that is clay upon which seal is pressed.

= mire ח׳ חוצות Yeshaya 10:6; הֹרַנִי לַח׳ Iyov 30:19 he hath cast me into the mire, that is deeply humiliated me (עָפָר and אֵפֶר in ‖ cl.); as simile of commonness, abundance Iyov 27:16 (‖ עָפָר); Yeshaya 41:25.

חָמַר²

verbdenom. cover or smear with asphalt, only

future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular with suffix וַתַּחְמְרָה Shemos 2:3; on form of with suffix see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 58, 3, R. 1.

חֹ֫מֶר²

n.[m.] heap (compare i. חֲמוֹר)—ח׳ construct ח׳ מַיִם רַבִּים Chavakuk 3:15 a heap of great waters (‖ יָם)—but text doubtful, see I. חמר; plural חֳמָרִים חֳמָרִים Shemos 8:10, of dead frogs gathered in heaps.

חֹ֫מֶר³

noun (masc.) homer, a dry measure (perhaps from above √, but doubtful; compare Assyrian amâru, surround, contain, ii. R Shemos 36:19 and b Strm⁴⁷⁶⁰, imêru, a measure Zim^{BP 6 n})—ח׳ absolute Yeshaya 5:10 + 5 times Ez; construct Hoshea 3:2 + 3 times; plural הֳמָרִים Bamidbar 11:32;—ח׳ of barley Hoshea 3:2; Yechezkel 45:13, compare זֶרַע ח׳ שְׂעֹרִים Vayikra 27:16 that is land on which a ח׳ of barley seed was sown (taxed at 50 shekels); ח׳ of wheat Yechezkel 45:13; in generally זֶרַע ח׳ Yeshaya 5:10; = 10 ephahs (or baths, see בַּת under בתת) Yechezkel 45:11^(×3), Yechezkel 45:14^(×2) (in v Yechezkel 45:14 del. Co); on actual size of ח׳, = 393.9 litres, see Hultzsch ^{Metrol. 2nd ed. 448, 452 f.}. See further ii. בַּת and reff., Benzinger^{Arch. 183 f.} Nowack^{Arch. i, 203 f.}

חֲמוֹר

n.[m.] heap, absolute ח׳ with dual חֲמֹרָתָ֑יִם (Baer חֲמֹרֹת׳), as if from חֲמֹרָה;—בִּלְחִי הַחֲמוֹר חֲמוֹר חֲמֹרָתָ֑יִם Shoftim 15:16 with the ass’s jawbone, a heap, two heaps, that is so many slain.

חֲמוֹר²

noun (masc.) ^{Breishis 45:23} (he)-ass (Mishnaic Hebrew the same (sometimes female, but this regularly חֲמוֹרָה); Aramaic חֲמָרָא, ܚܡܳܪܳܐ; Arabic حِمَارٌ, Palmyrene חמרא Reckendorf^{ZMG 1888, 404}; Assyrian imêru, Schrader^{Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament Gloss.};—name from reddish colour)—absolute חֲמוֹר Breishis 22:5 + 43 times; חֲמֹר Shemos 13:13 Devarim 22:10; construct חֲמוֹר Shemos 23:5 + 4 times; חֲמֹר Breishis 49:14; with suffix חֲמֹרְךָ Devarim 5:14; Devarim 28:31; חֲמֹרֶ֑ךָ Shemos 23:12; חֲמֹרוֹ Breishis 22:3 + 8 times; plural חֲמוֹרִים Shoftim 19:10 + 9 times; חֲמֹרִים Breishis 12:16 + 16 times; with suffix חֲמוֹרֵינוּ Shoftim 19:19; חֲמֹרֵינוּ Breishis 43:18; חֲמוֹרֵיכֶם Shmuel Alef 8:16; חֲמֹרֵיהֶם Breishis 34:28 + 4 times; חֲמוֹרֵיהֶם Yehoshua 9:4;—ass (he-ass; אתון = she-ass) found in all periods (coll. only Breishis 32:6 Yeshaya 21:7);—

as (valuable) property, with oxen, sheep, camels, slaves, etc. Breishis 12:16; Breishis 24:35; Breishis 30:43; Breishis 47:17 Shemos 9:3 (all J) Shemos 20:14, Shemos 21:23; Shemos 22:3, Shemos 22:8, Shemos 22:9; Shemos 23:4, Shemos 23:5, Shemos 23:12; Bamidbar 16:15; Yehoshua 6:21; Yehoshua 7:24 (all ); note also Shemos 13:13 = Shemos 34:20 (firstlings belongs to י׳); Breishis 36:24; Bamidbar 31:28, Bamidbar 31:30, Bamidbar 31:34, Bamidbar 31:39, Bamidbar 31:45 (all P); Devarim 5:14, Devarim 5:17; Devarim 22:3, Devarim 22:4; Devarim 28:31; Shoftim 6:4; Shmuel Alef 8:16; Shmuel Alef 12:3; Shmuel Alef 15:3; Shmuel Alef 22:19; Shmuel Alef 27:9; Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:21 Ezra 2:67 = Nechemia 7:67 (Baer), Zecharia 14:15; coll. Breishis 32:5 (J; ‖ שׁוֹר, צֹאן, עֶבֶד, שִׁפְחָה), but plural (similar ‖) Breishis 34:28, Breishis 47:17; compare also ח׳ יְתוֹמִים Breishis 24:3 the orphans’ ass (‖ שׁוֹר אַלְמָנָה); as knowing its master’s crib Yeshaya 1:3 (‖ שׁוֹר); found in camp Melachim Beis 7:7, Melachim Beis 7:10 (both ‖ סוּסִים); as harnessed מֶתֶג לַח׳ Mishlei 26:3 (‖ סוּם).

used for riding:

by women Shemos 4:20, Yehoshua 15:18 = Shoftim 1:14; Shmuel Alef 25:20, Shmuel Alef 25:23, Shmuel Alef 25:42, compare Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:15.

by men Shmuel Beis 16:2; Shmuel Beis 17:23; Shmuel Beis 19:27; Melachim Alef 2:40; Melachim Alef 13:13^(×2), Melachim Alef 13:23, Melachim Alef 13:24, Melachim Alef 13:27, Melachim Alef 13:28^(×2) Yeshaya 21:7; Zecharia 9:9.

צֶמֶד חמורים a pair of asses Shmuel Beis 16:1 (for burdens and for riding); for man and woman Shoftim 19:3, Shoftim 19:10, Shoftim 19:19, Shoftim 19:21; carrying dead body v Shoftim 19:28, compare ח׳ Melachim Alef 13:29.

beast of burden Breishis 22:3, Breishis 22:5 (compare v Breishis 22:6), Breishis 42:26, Breishis 42:27; Breishis 45:23 (all E) Breishis 43:18, Breishis 43:24; Breishis 44:3, Breishis 44:13 (all J), Yehoshua 9:4, Shmuel Alef 25:18; Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:41; Nechemia 13:15 (compare also צֶמֶד ח׳ Shmuel Beis 16:1 above); metaphorically of Issachar ח׳ גָּ֑רֶם Breishis 49:14 (poem), an ass of (strong) bones.—ח׳ לֶחֶם Shmuel Alef 16:20 read probably חֲמִשָּׁה five, or better עֲשָׂרָה ten, see Wellhausen Driver.

used in tillage Yeshaya 32:20; not to be used in ploughing with an ox (שׁוֹר) Devarim 22:10.

parts of body of ass mentioned are: לְחִי ח׳ Shoftim 15:15, Shoftim 15:16 jawbone, Samson’s weapon; רֹאשׁ ח׳ Melachim Beis 6:25 eaten in famine; בְּשַׂר ח׳ Yechezkel 23:20 genital organ of ass (contempt. simile)

קְבוּרַת ח׳ Yirmiya 22:19 burial of an ass, in figuratively of ignominious treatment of a corpse. Also she-ass Shmuel Beis 19:27 (compare Mishn. AZ. vi).

חֲמוֹר³

proper name (masc.) father of Shechem (he-ass; see Robertson Smith^{K 220; Sem i. 449})—Breishis 33:19; Breishis 34:2, Breishis 34:4, Breishis 34:6, Breishis 34:8, Breishis 34:13, Breishis 34:18^(×2), Breishis 34:20, Breishis 34:24, Breishis 34:26; Yehoshua 24:32; Shoftim 9:28.

חַמְרָן

proper name (masc.) Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:41 (= חֶמְדָּן Breishis 36:26 q.see)

חָמֵשׁ

noun (masc.) and f. five (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, the same; Aramaic חֲמֵשׁ, חַמְשָׁא, ܚܰܡܶܫ, ܚܰܡܶܫܬܳܐ; Phoenician חמשת; Palmyrene חמשא, c. n. masculine, Reckendorf^{ZMG 1888, 408}; Assyrian ḫamšu, ḫamiltu Delitzsch's Assyrian Grammar § 75; Ethiopic ኀምስ, ኀምስቱ Arabic خَمْسٌ, خَمْسَةٌ; Sabean & Liḥyân. חֿמס D.H. Müller^{ZMG xxix, 613; Epigr. Denkm. 71, 73});—m. (c. noun (fem.)) absolute חָמֵשׁ Breishis 5:6 + 94 times + Yechezkel 40:30 (del. SeptuagintB Hitzig-Smend Co; Co del. also in v Yechezkel 40:25, Yechezkel 40:29, Yechezkel 40:33, Yechezkel 40:36) + Yechezkel 45:3 Kesiv (where read f. with Keri); construct חֲמֵשׁ Breishis 5:10 + 67 times + Yechezkel 48:16 Kesiv; f. (c. noun (masc.)) absolute חֲמִשָּׁה see Lagarde^{BN 80} Breishis 18:28 + 139 times (incl. Yechezkel 8:16 del. B Co and elsewhere); construct חֲמֵשֶׁת Bamidbar 3:47^(×2) + 26 times;—on plural חֲמִשִּׂים fifty, see below;—five, in Hexateuch chiefly P;—

without other numeral:

חָמֵשׁ, before fpl. noun Breishis 43:34 + 35 times; before n. coll. ח׳ צאן Shmuel Alef 25:18; see also ח׳ בָּאַמָּה five in cubit(s) = five cubits Melachim Alef 7:23; Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:23; Divrei HaYamim Beis 4:2; after noun (late) Melachim Beis 8:16 (בִּשְׁנַת חָמֵשׁ לְיוֹרָם = in the fifth year) + 6 times Ch; no noun expr. Melachim Alef 7:39^(×2), Melachim Alef 7:49^(×2) Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:20; Divrei HaYamim Beis 4:7^(×2).

חֲמִשָּׁה before mpl. noun Breishis 47:2 + 18 times; after noun Shemos 36:38 + 36 times Nu (all P); no noun expr. Breishis 14:9 (only here c. art.) + 20 times

חֲמֵשׁ before noun (usually defined; except מֵאוֹת, אֲלָפִים, see 3, 4) Shemos 26:3, Shemos 26:9; Shemos 36:10, Shemos 36:16 + Yechezkel 42:16 ח׳ אַמּוֹת Kesiv, but Keri ח׳ מאות, see below

חֲמֵשֶׁת חַמְּלָכִים Yehoshua 10:5 + 5 times; \ Shoftim 18:7, Shoftim 18:14, Shoftim 18:17; ח׳ שׁקלים Bamidbar 18:16; also, distrib., ח׳ ח׳ שְׁקָלִים Bamidbar 3:47; ח׳ הַסְּרָנִים Yehoshua 13:3; Shoftim 3:3; Shmuel Alef 6:18; ח׳ בני מ׳ Shmuel Beis 21:8.

= ordinal, בִּשְׁנַת חָמֵשׁ ליורם Melachim Beis 8:16 the fifth (year) of Joram; בַּחֲמִשָּׁה לַחֹדֶשׁ on the fifth (day) of the month Yechezkel 1:1, Yechezkel 1:2; Yechezkel 8:1; Yechezkel 33:21; (so also 15th, 25th, etc.)

ח׳ combined with עשׂר, עשׂרה ten = fifteen:

חֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה (c. noun (fem.)) Breishis 5:10; Breishis 7:20; Shemos 27:14, Shemos 27:15; Shemos 38:14, Shemos 38:15; Melachim Beis 14:17, Melachim Beis 14:23; Melachim Beis 20:6; Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:10; Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:25; Yeshaya 38:5.

חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר (c. noun (masc.)), (1) after noun Esther 9:21; (2) before noun Shemos 16:1 (= ordinal fifteenth, so Vayikra 23:6 +) Hoshea 3:2 +.

חֲמֵשֶׁת עָשָׂר before n. Shmuel Beis 19:18 +.

חֲמֵשֶׁת עָשָׂר, without n. = ordinal fifteenth Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:14 + 4 times + Yechezkel 45:12 (read חֲמִשִּׁים A Hitzig Co).

חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת = 500 Breishis 5:30, Breishis 5:32 + 49 times + Yechezkel 42:16 Keri

חֲמֵשֶׁת אֲלָפִים = 5000 Bamidbar 31:32; Yehoshua 8:12; Shoftim 20:45; Shmuel Alef 17:5; Yechezkel 45:6; Yechezkel 48:15; Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:7; Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:9; Ezra 1:11; Ezra 2:69;—in 25,000, 35,000 etc. חֲמִשָּׁה (usually without א׳) precedes the 20,000, 30,000, etc.

with other numerals:

חָמֵשׁ before larger numeral: (1) noun repeated Breishis 5:6 + 4 times; (2) noun with 2nd num. only, Breishis 5:17 + 8 times + Yechezkel 45:3 Kesiv; (3) noun c. בְּ with 2nd num. Yechezkel 40:21 + 2 times

חָמֵשׁ after larger num.: (1) noun repeated Breishis 25:7; (2) noun following ח׳ (only) Shoftim 14:10 + (especially in expressions of age and duration); (3) noun before both num., st. absolute, Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:15; st. construct Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:19.

no noun expr., ח׳ between other num., for example שֵׁשׁ מאות ח׳ ושׁבעים Bamidbar 31:37.

חֲמִשָּׁה before larger num., noun following larger num. Bamidbar 1:25 + 22 times

ח׳ follows, and (1) is following by noun Shoftim 20:35 + 7 times; (2) noun precedes both Melachim Alef 7:3; Yirmiya 52:30.

ח׳ precedes, no noun expr. Melachim Alef 5:12.

ח׳ follows, no noun expr. Breishis 18:28 +.

no noun expr. ח׳ between other num. Shemos 38:28; Ezra 2:5.

חֲמִשִּׁים

n.plural (a) fifty (Arabic خَمْسُونَ Aramaic ܚܰܡܫܝܺܢ, Phoenician חמשם; Mesha Inscription²⁸ חמשן; Assyrian ḫamšâti Delitzsch in Lotz^{TP 80})—חֲמִשִּׁים Breishis 6:15 + 154 times (incl. Yechezkel 40:25, Yechezkel 40:29, Yechezkel 40:33, del. Co) + Yechezkel 45:12 (so read A Hitzig Co for חמשׁה); with suffix חֲמִשֶּׁיךָ Melachim Beis 1:10, Melachim Beis 1:12, חֲמִשָּׁיו Melachim Beis 1:9 + 4 times, חֲמִשֵּׁיהֶם Melachim Beis 1:14;—

absolute

a fifty, a company of fifty Shemos 18:21, Shemos 18:25 Devarim 1:15; Shmuel Alef 8:12; Melachim Beis 1:9^(×2) + 13 times Melachim Beis 1 (in v Melachim Beis 1:14 = fifties) Yeshaya 3:3.

elsewhere, without noun expr., (1) without other numeral Bamidbar 31:30, Bamidbar 31:47; Yechezkel 27:18^(×2) Chaggai 2:16; (2) with other num. ח׳ preceding Shemos 30:23^(×2) + 11 times; + Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:34 Baer, van d. H. v Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:33 (followed by אלף); (3) ח׳ following Shemos 38:26 + 10 times; (4) ח׳ between other num. Bamidbar 1:23 + 23 times

חֲמִשִּׁים without other num.:

before noun Breishis 6:15 + 58 times + ח׳ בָּאַמָּה Shemos 38:12.

after noun Shmuel Beis 24:24; Shemos 26:11 + 4 times Chr.

ח׳ before other num.:

following by noun Breishis 7:24 +.

preceded bynoun Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:21.

ח׳ after other num., and

this after noun Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:40; Ezra 8:3, Ezra 8:26.

noun repeated for example Breishis 9:28, Breishis 9:29.

ח׳ preceded by construct for example בִּשְׁנַת ח׳ שָׁנָה Melachim Beis 15:23, Melachim Beis 15:27; Vayikra 15:10, Vayikra 15:11.

ח׳ = ordinal, fiftieth Vayikra 25:10, Vayikra 25:11; Melachim Beis 15:23, compare v Melachim Beis 15:27.

חֲמִישִׁי

m. חֲמִישִׁית f.adjectivenum.ordin. fifth;—m. חֲמִישִׁי Breishis 1:23 + 22 times; חֲמִשִׁי Zecharia 7:3 + 3 times; f. חֲמִישִׁית absolute Melachim Alef 14:25 + 4 times; חֲמִשִׁית Vayikra 19:25; Yirmiya 36:9; חֲמִשִּׁית Melachim Alef 6:31; construct חֲמִישִׁית Vayikra 27:15, Vayikra 27:19; with suffix חֲמִישִׁתוֹ Vayikra 5:16 + 2 times; חֲמִשִׁיתוֹ Vayikra 22:14; Vayikra 27:31; חֲמִשִׁתוֹ Vayikra 27:27, compare חֲמִשִׁתָיו Vayikra 5:24, read תוֹ- Sam. Dillmann (q.see);—fifth, usually in enum. days, months, years, sons, etc.; definite, except masculine Breishis 1:23; Breishis 30:17, feminine Breishis 47:24; 1 Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:31; Nechemia 6:5;—

m. Breishis 1:23; Bamidbar 7:36; Bamidbar 29:26; Bamidbar 33:38; Yehoshua 19:24 (all P), Breishis 30:17, Shoftim 19:8; Melachim Beis 25:8 Yirmiya 1:3; Yirmiya 28:1; Yirmiya 52:12; Zecharia 7:3; Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:8 Ezra 7:8, Ezra 7:9; noun om. Shmuel Beis 3:4; Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:14; Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:3; Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:2; Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:3, Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:4 (all of בֵּן), Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:9; Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:12 (גּוֹרָל), Zecharia 8:19 (חֹדֶשׁ), Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:8 (יוֹם).

f. Vayikra 19:25; Melachim Alef 14:25 Yirmiya 36:9; Yechezkel 1:2; Divrei HaYamim Beis 12:2; פַּעַם ח׳ Nechemia 6:5.

חֲמִשִּׁית Melachim Alef 6:31 as noun a fifth part, so חֲמִישִׁית Breishis 47:24; Vayikra 5:16, Vayikra 5:24; Vayikra 22:14; Vayikra 27:13, Vayikra 27:27, Vayikra 27:31; Bamidbar 5:7; construct חֲמִישִׁית כֶּסֶף Vayikra 27:15, Vayikra 27:19.

חֲמֻשִׁים

adjectiveplural in battle array, always this form, Shemos 13:18, Yehoshua 1:14; Yehoshua 4:12 (both D), Shoftim 7:11 + Bamidbar 32:17, see חושׁ.

חֲמָת

proper name (place) (√ doubtful; Gesenius' Thesaurus Muhlau-Volck and elsewhere der. from חָמָה, חֲמָת = fortress, or (see Robertson Smith^{Sem i, 140}), sacred enclosure, temenos, ḥimā, compare Hal^{JAS 7 ème Sér. x, 392} Lagarde^{BN 82, 156}; but no certainty that name is Shemitic; Arabic حَمَاة, Assyrian Amattu, Delitzsch^{PA 275 ff. Pr 174});—mod. Ḥamâ, on el-ʿÂṣi (Orontes), 38 h. (c. 115 m.) N. of Damascus, see Bd^{Pal. 398 f.} It had a king, תֹּעִי, in David’s time Shmuel Beis 8:9 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 18:9, and in 8th cent. b.c. Melachim Beis 19:13 = Yeshaya 37:13; gods of its own Melachim Beis 17:30; Melachim Beis 18:34 = Yeshaya 36:19; gave its name to land (limits unknown) רִבְלָה בְּאֶרֶץ ח׳ Melachim Beis 23:33; Melachim Beis 25:21 Yirmiya 39:5; Yirmiya 52:9, Yirmiya 52:27, compare Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:4; contained Isr. exiles Yeshaya 11:11; furnished colonists for Samaria Melachim Beis 17:24 (compare v Melachim Beis 17:30 above) after being conquered by Sargon, (Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament Melachim Beis 17:24; Melachim Beis 18:34 compare Yeshaya 10:9). It is called great Hamath by Amos 6:2 (חֲמַת רַבָּה,—חֲמַת only here). ח׳ is mentioned with דַּמֶּשֶׂק, צֹר, צִידוֹן in prophecy against land Hadrach (חַדְרָךְ) Zecharia 9:2, compare Yirmiya 49:23. Often in phr. לְבֹא ח׳ (עַד־) = the entrance to H., that is the approach to H., as territorial limit Shoftim 3:3; usually as denoting (ideal) northern limit of Isr. territory Yehoshua 13:5; Bamidbar 13:21; Bamidbar 24:8; Amos 6:14; Melachim Alef 8:65 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:8, Melachim Beis 14:25 Divrei HaYamim Alef 13:5; חֲמָ֑תָה Divrei HaYamim Alef 18:3; ח׳ צובָה Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:3, and הֵשִׁיב אֶת־דַּמֶּשֶׂק וְאֶת־ח׳ לִיחוּדָה Melachim Beis 14:28; so also Yechezkel 47, Yechezkel 48: גְּבוּל ח׳ Yechezkel 47:17, compare v Yechezkel 47:16 + v Yechezkel 47:16 (del. Co); לְבוֹא ח׳ Yechezkel 48:1, compare Yechezkel 47:20; אֶל־יַד ח׳ Yechezkel 48:1.

חֵן

see under חנן.

חָנָה

verb decline, bend down, encamp (Aramaic ܚܢܳܐ to aim at, incline towards, reach; Zinj. מחנת construct camp, Inscr. Panammu^{13, 16, 17}; Arabic حَنَا bend, curve, bend down; Assyrian mûnu, mênu and tênû couch, mânîtu, house, Zim^{BP 44, 45} Delitzsch in Zim¹¹⁷)—

past (עבר) חָנָה Shmuel Alef 26:5 Yeshaya 29:1; וְחָנִ֫יתִי consec. Yeshaya 29:3 Zecharia 9:8; חָנוּ Bamidbar 2:34 + 2 times; וְחָנוּ consec. Bamidbar 1:52; future (עתיד) וַיִּחַן Breishis 26:17 + 9 times; 3rd feminine singular תַּחֲנֶה Tehillim 27:3; יַחֲנוּ Bamidbar 1:50 + 13 times Nu + Shemos 14:2: וַיַּחֲנוּ Shemos 13:20 + 79 times (of which 42 in Bamidbar 33); וַיַּחֲנוּן Shoftim 11:18; 2nd masculine plural תַּחֲנוּ Shemos 14:2; 1st plural וַנַּחֲנֶה Ezra 8:15; imperative (ציווי) חֲנֵה Shmuel Beis 12:28; חֲנוּ Bamidbar 31:19; Yirmiya 50:29; infinitive (מקור) חֲנוֹת Shoftim 19:9; חֲנֹת Bamidbar 1:51; with suffix חֲנֹתֵנוּ Bamidbar 10:31; חֲנֹתְכֶם Devarim 1:33; participle (בינוני) חֹנֶה Shemos 18:5 Tehillim 34:8; f. חֹנָה Shmuel Beis 23:13; Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:15; הֹנָ֑ךְ Tehillim 53:6; plural חֹנִים Shemos 14:9 + 11 times; חוֹנִים Bamidbar 2:2; Nachum 3:17;—

decline, of day drawing to its close חֲנוֹת הַיּוֹם Shoftim 19:9 (‖ רָפָה הַיּ׳ לַעֲרוֹב; also נְטוֹת הַיּ׳ v Shoftim 19:8; הַיּוֹם רַד מְאֹד v Shoftim 19:11).

encamp (proposes verge toward, incline to, settle at, of goal of day’s march):—

of single nomad Breishis 26:17 (J; followed by ב), Breishis 33:18 (E; followed by אֶת־פני).

of Israel at Exod. and in wilderness Shemos 13:20 (ב) Shemos 14:2 (לִפְנֵי), v Shemos 14:2 (עַל), + c. 80 times (Hexateuch chiefly P); also (absolute) Bamidbar 9:18, Bamidbar 9:20, Bamidbar 9:22, Bamidbar 9:23 compare Ezra 8:15; Nechemia 11:30 so they encamped (that is settled, or were settled) from Beersheba to the valley of Hinnom (‖ ישׁבו v Nechemia 11:25).

of armies: (1) Israel (conquering Cannan, etc.) Yehoshua 4:19; Yehoshua 5:10 + often; (2) Philistines Shmuel Alef 4:1; Shmuel Alef 13:16; Shmuel Beis 23:23 +; usually followed by ב location Bamidbar 10:31; Shmuel Alef 4:1; Shmuel Alef 13:16 Yehoshua 4:19; Shmuel Alef 13:5 + 63 times (וַיַּחֲנוּ בְ Shmuel Beis 24:5 read וַיָּחֵלּוּ מִן SeptuagintL Wellhausen Driver see חלל); so of locusts in hedges (in simile) Nachum 3:17; also followed by עַל = by, near Shemos 14:2, Shemos 14:9; Shemos 15:27; Bamidbar 1:52; Bamidbar 2:2, Bamidbar 2:5, Bamidbar 2:12, Bamidbar 2:27; Bamidbar 3:29; Bamidbar 3:35 (על ירך), Bamidbar 33:10; Shoftim 7:1; Shmuel Alef 4:1; על־פני השׂדה (על in diff. sense) Shmuel Beis 11:11; followed by עַל also = against, encamp with hostile purpose Yehoshua 10:5, Yehoshua 10:31, Yehoshua 10:34 Shoftim 6:4; Shoftim 20:19 Shmuel Alef 11:1; Shmuel Beis 12:28; Melachim Alef 16:15; Melachim Beis 25:1; Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:1; Yirmiya 50:29; Yirmiya 52:4 Tehillim 27:3; followed by אֶל־ in same sense Yehoshua 11:5; metaphorically of God’s hostility to apostate Jerusalem (על) Yeshaya 29:3; followed by also לְ = at, by Bamidbar 2:34; Zecharia 9:8; אשׁר … שָׁם Shemos 18:5; Shmuel Alef 26:5; followed by סביב לְ for protection Bamidbar 1:50, Bamidbar 1:53, compare metaphorically Tehillim 34:8, but also hostility Iyov 19:12; also followed by other preposition and preposition phrases, for example מֵעֵבֶר Bamidbar 21:13; מחוץ Bamidbar 31:19; בין Shmuel Alef 17:1; נגד Melachim Alef 20:27 etc.; followed by direct object location Shmuel Beis 17:26; followed by with suffix direct object with hostile sense הֹנָ֑ךְ Tehillim 53:6; without preposition or noun following, in sense of encamp, be or abide in encampment Bamidbar 9:18, Bamidbar 9:20, Bamidbar 9:22, Bamidbar 9:23; Ezra 8:15; Shmuel Beis 11:11 +; poet. of David in Jerusalem, Yeshaya 29:1 city in which David fixed his camp.

חֲנִית

noun (fem.) spear (as flexible? see Gesenius' Thesaurus);—absolute חֲנִית Shmuel Beis 13:19 + 26 times; construct the same Shmuel Alef 26:16 (so v Shmuel Alef 26:22 Keri, where Kesiv has art.); with suffix חֲנִיתֶ֑ךָ Chavakuk 3:11; חֲנִיתוֹ Shmuel Alef 17:7^(×2) + 11 times + Shmuel Beis 23:8, see below; plural חֲנִיתִים Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:9; חֲנִיתוֹתֵיהֶם Yeshaya 2:4 = חֲנִיתֹתֵיהֶם Micha 4:3;—

spear, as hurled Shmuel Alef 18:10, Shmuel Alef 18:11; Shmuel Alef 19:9, Shmuel Alef 19:10^(×2) Shmuel Alef 20:33; held by king Shmuel Alef 22:6; sign of king’s presence Shmuel Alef 26:7, Shmuel Alef 26:8, Shmuel Alef 26:11, Shmuel Alef 26:12, Shmuel Alef 26:16, Shmuel Alef 26:22 (see Robertson Smith^{K 171}); also Shmuel Beis 1:6; Shmuel Beis 2:23; Shmuel Beis 21:19; Shmuel Beis 23:18, Shmuel Beis 23:21^(×3) Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:11 = Shmuel Beis 23:8, where read הוּא עוֹרֵר אֶת־חֲנִיתוֹ (for הוּא עֲדִינוֹ הָעֶצְנִו֯) according to Ewald Th Ke Klostermann Driver (not Wellhausen), Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:20, Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:23^(×3); plural Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:9; often ‖ חֶרֶב Shmuel Alef 13:19, Shmuel Alef 13:22; Shmuel Alef 17:45, Shmuel Alef 17:47; Shmuel Alef 21:9; Yeshaya 2:4 = Micha 4:3,; Nachum 3:3; ‖ שְׁלָטִים Melachim Beis 11:10; ‖ צִנָּה Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:35 (Baer); מַסָּע Iyov 41:18; סְגֹר Tehillim 35:3; ‖ קֶשֶׁת Tehillim 46:10.

shaft of spear is עֵץ ח׳ Shmuel Beis 23:7; Divrei HaYamim Alef 20:5 + Shmuel Alef 17:7 Keri (doubtless right; Kesiv חץ).

spear-head לַהֶבֶת ח׳ Shmuel Alef 17:7, compare לַהַב ח׳ Iyov 39:23; בְּרַק ח׳ Nachum 3:3; Chavakuk 3:11.

butt of spear אַחֲרֵי ח׳ Shmuel Beis 2:23.

metaphorically of teeth of lions Tehillim 57:5 (‖ חצים; figuratively of Psalmist’s enemies).

חָנַט

verb spice, make spicy, embalm (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, bud, blossom; Arabic حَنَطَ become mature, ii. prepare for burial, حَنُوطٌ spices for a corpse; حَنَّاطٌ embalmer, Dozy^{i, 322} after Payne Smith (Syriac Thesaurus)¹³²⁰; Aramaic ܚܢܰܛ, חֲנַט embalm; so Ethiopic ሐነጠ (loan-word Dillmann¹¹⁰));—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular הָֽנְטָה Shir HaShirim 2:13; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural וַיַּחַנְטוּ Breishis 50:2, Breishis 50:26; infinitive (מקור) construct לַחֲנֹט Breishis 50:2;—

spice, make spicy הַתְּאֵנָה ח׳ פַגֶּיהָ Shir HaShirim 2:13 the fig-tree spiceth its figs, so VB De in transl. (Ewald De in notes Öt and elsewhere prefer reddeneth, on account of spring season, compare the less common and perhaps secondary sense in Arabic become red (of leather) Lane^{657 a}).

embalm, followed by direct object person Breishis 50:2^(×2) (performed by הָרֹפְאִים), v Breishis 50:26.

חֲנֻטִים

n.[m.]pluralabstr. embalming, only יְמֵי הַח׳ Breishis 50:3 that is the days consumed in the embalming process = אַרְבָּעִים יוֹם see Dillmann

חִטָּה²

noun (fem.) wheat (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Aramaic חִנְטִין, חִיטְּתָא, ܚܶܛܬܳܐ; Arabic حِنْطَةٌ );—absolute ח׳ Shemos 9:32 + 6 times; plural חִטִּים Breishis 30:14 + 20 times; חִטִּין Yechezkel 4:9; construct חִטֵּי Yechezkel 27:17;—wheat, singular chiefly poet., of growing wheat Shemos 9:32, Devarim 8:8 Iyov 31:40; Yoel 1:11; sown Yeshaya 28:25; food-product Devarim 32:14 (חֵלֶב כִּלְיוֹת ח׳ kidney-fat of wheat, that is the choicest, see חֵלֶב) חֵלֶב ח׳ Tehillim 81:17 (compare Tehillim 147:14 below); elsewhere plural; wheat as sown Yirmiya 12:13; wheat-harvest קְצִיר ח׳ Breishis 30:14, Shemos 34:22, Shoftim 15:1 Shmuel Alef 6:13; Shmuel Alef 12:17 Rus 2:23, + Shmuel Beis 24:15 where insert according to Septuagint Wellhausen Driver; wheat threshed Shoftim 6:11; Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:20 compare v Shoftim 6:23; measured Melachim Alef 5:25 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:9 (חטים מַכּוֹת, read ח׳ מַכֹּלֶת as Melachim Alef 5:25 = wheat for food Th Be Ke after old versions), v Melachim Alef 5:14; Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:5 Yechezkel 45:13; stored (with barley, oil and honey) Yirmiya 41:8; for food Shmuel Beis 17:28, חֵלֶב חִטִּים Tehillim 147:14 (compare Tehillim 81:14 above); לֹקְחֵי חִטִּים Shmuel Beis 4:6 (read סֹקְלָה ח׳ Septuagint Wellhausen Driver); סֹלֶת ח׳ fine wheaten flour Shemos 29:2; Yechezkel 4:9 (חִטִּין, Aramaic plural) mixed with barley, beans, lentils, etc., and made into bread.

חַנִּיאֵל

proper name and חֲנִינָה see under חנן.

חֲנִית²

see under חנה.

חֵךְ²

noun (masc.) palate, roof of mouth, gums (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic ܚܶܢܟܳܐ, חִכָּא; Arabic حَنَكٌ palate, roof of mouth, jaws, lower part of mouth, lower jaw of horse, mouth, etc. Lane⁶⁵⁹ Dozy^{i. 332});—absoluteח׳ Iyov 12:11; Iyov 34:3; with suffix חִכִּי Mishlei 8:7 + 6 times, חִכְּךָ Hoshea 8:1, חִכֶּ֑ךָ Yechezkel 3:26 Mishlei 24:13; chiefly poet., especially WisdLt:—חִכֵּךְ Shir HaShirim 7:10, חִכּוֹ Eicha 4:4 + 2 times, חִכָּהּ Mishlei 5:3, חִכָּם Iyov 29:10;—palate, roof of mouth:

אֶל־חִכְּךָ שֹׁפָר Hoshea 8:1 a trumpet to thy palate! (or gums; as in Eng., to thy lips); often c. לָשׁוֹן, tongue clings (דבק) to חך, expression for speechlessness Yechezkel 3:26 Iyov 29:10, as imprecation Tehillim 137:6; for the parching of extreme thirst Eicha 4:4 (בַּצָּמָא), compare Tehillim 22:16 Masoretic Text יָבֵשׁ כַּחֶרֶשׂ כֹּחִי, read חִכִּי for כחי see Cheyne^{crit. n.} (‖ לְשׁוֹנִי מֻדְבָּק מַלְקוֹחָ֑י).

as organ of speech, Mishlei 5:3; Mishlei 8:7 (both ‖ שְׂפָתַיִם), Iyov 31:30; Iyov 33:2 דִּבְּרָה לְשׁוֹנִי בְחִכִּי (‖ פָּתַחְתִּי פִי).

as organ of taste Iyov 12:11; Iyov 34:3, פִּרְיוֹ מָתוֹק לְחִבִּי Shir HaShirim 2:3 his fruit was sweet to my palate, Mishlei 24:13 (implied simile of wisdom as sweet to the soul); figuratively of God’s words as sweet לְח׳ Tehillim 119:103 (‖ פִּי); of taste as distinguishing misfortunes Iyov 6:30 (‖ לָשׁוֹן; > others of speech); of keeping wickedness בְּתוֹךְ ח׳ Iyov 20:13 (‖ תַּחַת לָשׁוֹן), that is delighting in and prolonging the taste of it.

nearly = mouth, as an element in personal sweetness and beauty Shir HaShirim 5:16; Shir HaShirim 7:10.

חָנַךְ

verb train up, dedicate (compare Arabic حَنَكَ appar. denom. from حَنَكٌ, rub palate of child with chewed dates, Lane^659a, of midwife rub palate of new-born child with oil, etc., before it begins to suck, Dozy^{ii, 332}; also make experienced, submissive, etc. (as one does a horse by a rope in its mouth) Lane; see also Wellhausen^{Skizzen iii, 154}; Mishnaic Hebrew חִנֵּךְ accustom; Aramaic חֲנַךְ dedicate, חַנֵּיךְ as Mishnaic Hebrew; Ethiopic ii. ሐነከ perceive, understand (Dillmann¹⁰⁸, ሕንካ initiatio is loan-word Id.^ib.))—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular with suffix חֲנָכוֹ Devarim 20:5; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix יַחְנְכֶנּוּ Devarim 20:5, 3rd masculine plural וַיַּחְנְכוּ Melachim Alef 8:63; Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:5; imperative (ציווי) חֲנֹךְ Mishlei 22:6;—

train, train up a (the) youth (לַנַּעַר) Mishlei 22:6 (compare Mishnaic Hebrew חִנּוּךְ).

dedicate, of formal opening of a new house Devarim 20:5^(×2); dedicate, consecrate temple Melachim Alef 8:63 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:5 (all followed by direct object)

חֲנוֹךְ

proper name (masc.)

son of Cain Breishis 4:17^(×2), Breishis 4:18 Septuagint Ενωχ, SeptuagintL Ενως.

son of Jered (line of Seth), the pious Enoch, who walked with God and was taken by him Breishis 5:18, Breishis 5:19, Breishis 5:21, Breishis 5:22, Breishis 5:23, Breishis 5:24; Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:3 Septuagint Ενωχ.

חֲנֹךְ a son of Midian Breishis 25:4; Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:33, Septuagint Ενωχ.

חֲנוֹךְ a son of Reuben Breishis 46:9 Shemos 6:14; Bamidbar 26:5; Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:3, Septuagint Ενωχ.

חֲנֻכָּה

noun (fem.) dedication, consecration, as a matter of usage only P and late (Mishnaic Hebrew חֲנוּכָּה Feast of Dedication; so Aramaic חֲנוּכְּתָא)—absolute ח׳ Nechemia 12:27; construct חֲנֻכַּת Bamidbar 7:10 + 6 times; dedication of wall of Jerus. Nechemia 12:27^(×2), by sacrifices and processions, with music; of altar in temple Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:9; of ‘the house’ Tehillim 30:1 (title), that is the temple (re-dedication by Judas Maccab., The Book of Maccabees I (Kahana Translation) 4:52), see Olshausen Baethgen and elsewhere (opposite De), and especially Cheyne^{OP 234, 247}; = dedication-offering for altar in tabernacle Bamidbar 7:10 (direct object c. וַיַּקְרִיבוּ) compare יַקְרִיבוּ אֶת־קָרְבָּנָם לַחֲנֻכַּת הַמִּזְבֵּחַ v Bamidbar 7:11, also v Bamidbar 7:84, Bamidbar 7:88 (all P; v Dillmann Bamidbar 7:20).

חַכָּה²

noun (fem.) hook fastened in jaw, fish-hook (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Aramaic חַכְּתָא)—absolute ח׳ Iyov 40:25 + 2 times;—כָּל־מַשְׁלִיכֵי בַיְאֹר חַכָּ֑ה Yeshaya 19:8 (‖ הַדַּיָּגִים), כֻּלֹּה בְּחַכָּה הֵעֲלָה Chavakuk 1:15 (of אדם, who, v Chavakuk 1:14, is comp. to דְּגֵי הַיָּם, and רֶמֶשׂ), compare תִּמְשֹׁךְ לִוְיָתָן בְּחַכָּ֑ה Iyov 40:25.

חִנָּם

see under I. חנן.

חֲנַמְאֵל

proper name (masc.) (perhaps = חנן־אל)—Jeremiah’s cousin, son of his uncle Yirmiya 32:7, Yirmiya 32:8, Yirmiya 32:9, compare ח׳ דֹּדִי v Yirmiya 32:12; Septuagint Αναμεηλ.

חָנַן

verb show favour, be gracious (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Aramaic חֲנַן, ܚܰܢ; Arabic حَنَّ yearn towards, long for, be merciful, compassionate, favourable, inclined towards; Sabean חן in proper name חן מסבררהם D.H. Müller^{Epigr. Denkm. 40}; Phoenician חנן in חן favour, and proper name as אלחנן, חננבעל; Assyrian in deriv. annu, grace, favour, unninu, têninu nannu, the same, Lotz^TP Zim^{BP 23, 66})—

past (עבר) חָנַן Breishis 33:5; with suffix חַנַּ֫נִי Breishis 33:11; יְ֯חַנַּנִי Shmuel Beis 12:22; חַנֹּתִי Shemos 33:19; חָנָ֑נוּ Eicha 4:16; future (עתיד) יֶחֱנַן Amos 5:15; יָחֹן Devarim 28:50; וַיָּ֫חָן Melachim Beis 13:23; with suffix יָחְנְךָ Breishis 43:29 Yeshaya 30:19; וִיחֻנֶּךָּ Bamidbar 6:25; יְחֻנֶּנּוּ Yeshaya 27:11 Iyov 33:24; יְחָנֵּנוּ Tehillim 67:2; Tehillim 123:2 Malachi 1:9; תָּחֹן Tehillim 59:6; with suffix תְּחָנֵּם Devarim 7:2; אָחֹן Shemos 33:19; imperative (ציווי) with suffix חָנֵּנִי Tehillim 4:2 + 17 times ψψ; חָנְנֵנִי Tehillim 9:14 (Baer pts. חַנְנֵנִי); חָנֵּנוּ Yeshaya 33:2 Tehillim 123:3^(×2); חָנּוּנוּ Shoftim 21:22; חָנֻּנִי Iyov 19:21^(×2); infinitive (מקור) absolute חָנוֹן Yeshaya 30:19; construct חַנּוֹת Tehillim 77:10; חֶנְנָהּ Tehillim 102:14; חֲנַנְכֶם Yeshaya 30:18; participle (בינוני) חֹנֵן Mishlei 14:31; חוֹנֵן Tehillim 37:21 + 5 times ψψ Pr.—favour, shew favour;

of man:

Shoftim 21:22 favour us with them (2 direct object; that is by giving them to us).

in dealing with the poor, needy, and orphans, absolute Tehillim 37:21, Tehillim 37:26 = Tehillim 112:5; with a direct object Mishlei 14:31; Mishlei 19:17; Mishlei 28:8; c. לְ Tehillim 109:12.

by considering and sparing, with a direct object Devarim 7:2; Devarim 28:50; Eicha 4:16; Iyov 19:21^(×2).

of God,

in the bestowal of favours, with direct object Breishis 33:11, Breishis 43:29, Bamidbar 6:25, Shmuel Beis 12:22; double direct object Breishis 33:5, תּוֹרָֽתְךָ חָנֵּנִי be gracious unto me (in giving) thy law Tehillim 119:29.

usually in the bestowal of redemption from enemies, evils, and sins; absolute Tehillim 77:10, elsewhere with a direct object Shemos 33:19^(×2), Amos 5:15; Melachim Beis 13:23; Yeshaya 27:11; Yeshaya 30:18, Yeshaya 30:19^(×2); Yeshaya 33:2; Malachi 1:9 Tehillim 4:2; Tehillim 6:3; Tehillim 9:14; Tehillim 25:16; Tehillim 26:11; Tehillim 27:7; Tehillim 30:11; Tehillim 31:10; Tehillim 41:5, Tehillim 41:11; Tehillim 51:3; Tehillim 56:2; Tehillim 57:2^(×2); Tehillim 59:6; Tehillim 67:2; Tehillim 86:3, Tehillim 86:16; Tehillim 102:14; Tehillim 119:58, Tehillim 119:132; Tehillim 123:2, Tehillim 123:3^(×2) Iyov 33:24.—Iyov 19:17 see II. חנן.

past (עבר) 2nd feminine singular נֵחַנְתְּ Yirmiya 22:23 be pitied (compare נֵאַר √ ארר) but Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate express groan (that is נֶאֱנַחְתְּ), which is favoured by context, and adopted by Hitzig Ewald Graf Giesebrecht and elsewhere

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular make gracious, favourable כִּי־יְחַנֵּן קוֹלוֹ Mishlei 26:25. Poʿel future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular direct favour to (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 55, 1) וְאֶת־עֲפָרָהּ יְחֹנֵנוּ Tehillim 102:15; participle (בינוני) מְחוֹנֵן עֲנָיִ֯ם Mishlei 14:21.

future (עתיד) יֻחַן be shewn favour, consideration Yeshaya 26:10; Mishlei 21:10.

past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular הִתְחַנַּנְתָּה Melachim Alef 9:3 + 5 times past (עבר); future (עתיד) וַיִּתְחַנֵּן Melachim Beis 1:13; וַתִּתְחַנֶּן־ Esther 8:3; אֶתְחַנָּ֑ן Tehillim 30:9 + etc. + 6 times future (עתיד); infinitive (מקור) לְהִתְחַנֶּן־ Esther 4:8; בְּהִתְחַנְנוֹ Breishis 42:21—seek or implore favour:

of man, with אֶל Breishis 42:21 Melachim Beis 1:13; with לְ Iyov 19:16; Esther 4:8; Esther 8:3.

of God, with אֶל־ Devarim 3:23 Melachim Alef 8:33, Melachim Alef 8:47 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:37, Iyov 8:5 Tehillim 30:9; Tehillim 142:2; with לְ Hoshea 12:5; Iyov 9:15; with לפני Melachim Alef 8:59; Melachim Alef 9:3; Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:24.

חֵן²

noun (masc.) ^{ψ 45:3} favour, grace;—ח׳ Breishis 6:8 + 67 times; with suffix חִנּוֹ Breishis 39:21;—

favour, grace, elegance:

of form and appearance, of a woman ‖ יֹ֑פִי Mishlei 31:30; אֵשֶׁת חֵן Mishlei 11:16; זונה טובת חן Nachum 3:4; of a doe Mishlei 5:19; precious stone אבן חן Mishlei 17:8; of ornaments Mishlei 1:9 = Mishlei 4:9, Mishlei 3:32.

of speech, lips Tehillim 45:3 Mishlei 22:11; words Koheles 10:12.

favour, acceptance:

with men Mishlei 13:15; Mishlei 22:1; Koheles 9:11.

with God Zecharia 4:7^(×2); Zecharia 12:10; chiefly in phrases: מצא חן בעיני find favour in the eyes of: (1) men Breishis 30:27; Breishis 32:6; Breishis 33:8, Breishis 33:10, Breishis 33:15; Breishis 34:11; Breishis 39:4; Breishis 47:25, Breishis 47:29; Breishis 50:4 Bamidbar 32:5 (all J); Devarim 24:1; Rus 2:2, Rus 2:10, Rus 2:13; Shmuel Alef 1:18; Shmuel Alef 16:22; Shmuel Alef 20:3, Shmuel Alef 20:29; Shmuel Alef 25:8; Shmuel Alef 27:5; Shmuel Beis 14:22; Shmuel Beis 16:4; Melachim Alef 11:19; Esther 5:8; Esther 7:3; (2) of God Breishis 6:8; Breishis 18:3; Breishis 19:19; Shemos 33:12, Shemos 33:13^(×2), Shemos 33:16, Shemos 33:17; Shemos 34:9 Bamidbar 11:11, Bamidbar 11:15 (all J); Shoftim 6:17; Shmuel Beis 15:25; Mishlei 3:4; absolute מצא חן (with man) Mishlei 28:23; (with God) Yirmiya 31:2; מצא חן לפניו Esther 8:5 (that is of the king); נתן חן בעיני give favour in the eyes of (1) man Breishis 39:21; Shemos 3:21; Shemos 11:3; Shemos 12:36; absolute נתן חן of man Tehillim 84:12; (2) of God Mishlei 3:34; נשׂא חֵן בְּעֵינֵי obtain favour in the eyes of Esther 2:15; of the king Esther 5:2; so וַתִּשָּׂא־חֵן וָחֶסֶד לְפָנָיו Esther 2:17.

חִנָּם²

noun, used chiefly in the accus. as adverb (compare Assyrian annáma, in vain, Delitzsch^{K 7, Pr 44}; from חֵן, with aff. ָם, which is sometimes found in substantives proper, as סֻלָּם, and pr. names, but is more partic. used with substs. applied adverbially, as יוֹמָם, אָמְנָם, דּוּמָם, רֵיקָם: Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 293 Barth^{NB § 216})—literally out of favour; that is

gratis, gratuitously, for nothing, עָבַד חִנָּם to serve for nought Breishis 29:15; Iyov 1:9, Yeshaya 52:3 to be sold (figuratively) for nought v Yeshaya 52:5; Shemos 21:2, Shemos 21:11 יָצָא חִנָּם to go out (from slavery) freely, for nothing, Bamidbar 11:5 which we used to eat in Egyptian for nought, Yirmiya 22:13; Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:24; in the genitive Shmuel Beis 24:24 עלוֹת חִנָּם that is burntofferings which cost nothing (in the ‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:24 the construct is changed).

for no purpose, in vain Mishlei 1:17; Malachi 1:10: once אֶל חִנָּם (compare אֶל 7) Yechezkel 6:10.

gratuitously, without cause, undeservedly, especially of groundless hostility or attack Shmuel Alef 19:5 לְהָמִית חִנָּם to slay David without cause, Shmuel Alef 25:31 Tehillim 35:7^(×2); Tehillim 109:3; Tehillim 119:161 רְדָפוּנִי חִנָּם, Mishlei 1:11; Mishlei 3:30; Mishlei 23:29; Iyov 2:3 לְבַלְּעוֹ ח׳, Iyov 9:17; Iyov 22:6; Yechezkel 14:23, Tehillim 35:19 and Tehillim 69:5 שׂנְאַי חִנָּם my haters without cause, Eicha 3:52 אֹיְבַי חִנָּם; in the genitive Melachim Alef 2:31 דְּמֵי חִנָּם blood shed without cause (compare Shmuel Alef 25:31), Mishlei 24:28 אַל־תְּהִי עֵד ח׳ בְּרֵעֶ֑ךָ, Mishlei 26:2 קִלְלַת ח׳ the causeless curse.

חֵן³

proper name (masc.) (favour)—contemp. of Zerubbabel Zecharia 6:14, so Revised Version Siegfried-Stade Wellhausen, but Revised Version margin Ewald Hitzig Ke Or grace, favour, kindness.

חַנָּה

proper namef. Septuagint Ἄννα (compare Nabataean חנה Eut^{Noldeke. 20}), mother of Samuel Shmuel Alef 1:2^(×2), Shmuel Alef 1:5^(×2), Shmuel Alef 1:8, Shmuel Alef 1:9, Shmuel Alef 1:13, Shmuel Alef 1:15, Shmuel Alef 1:19, Shmuel Alef 1:20, Shmuel Alef 1:22; Shmuel Alef 2:1, Shmuel Alef 2:21.

חָנָן

proper name (masc.) (gracious; compare Sabean חנן, Phoenician חנא)—

one of the warriors of David Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:43.

one of the heads of families of Nethinim Ezra 2:46 = Nechemia 7:48.

names of Levites Nechemia 8:7; Nechemia 10:11; Nechemia 13:3.

chiefs of the people:

Nechemia 10:23.

Nechemia 10:27.

Benjamite name Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:23, Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:38; Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:44 (compare proper name (place) בֵּית חָנָן, Mish. כְּפַר חָנָן).

אִישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים head of a prophetic guild, בְּנֵי הָנָן Yirmiya 35:4.

חָנוּן

proper name (masc.) (favoured; compare Assyrian Ḫanunu, king of Gaza Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament on Melachim Beis 15:29);—

an Ammonite king Shmuel Beis 10:1, Shmuel Beis 10:2, Shmuel Beis 10:3, Shmuel Beis 10:4; Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:2^(×2), Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:3, Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:4, Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:6.

Jewish chiefs, contemporaries of Nehemiah:

חַנּוּן

adjective gracious, only used as an attribute of God, as hearing the cry of the vexed debtor Shemos 22:26 (covt. code), ‖ מְרַחֵם Tehillim 116:5; elsewhere in the earlier phrase רַחוּם וְחַנּוּן Shemos 34:6 = Tehillim 86:15; Tehillim 103:8, or the later חַנּוּן וְרַחוּם Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:9; Nechemia 9:17, Nechemia 9:31 Tehillim 111:4; Tehillim 112:4; Tehillim 145:8 Yoel 2:13; Yonah 4:2.

חֲנִינָה

noun (fem.) favour לֹא־אֶתֵּן לָכֶם חֲנִינָה I will shew you no favour Yirmiya 16:13 (see on form Barth^{NB 136}).

חַנִּיאֵל²

proper name (masc.) (favour of Ēl; compare Phoenician חנבעל, חנמלקרת (Hamilcar) favour of Melqart; Nabataean חנאל Vog^{Noldeke. 10})—

prince of tribe of Manasseh Bamidbar 34:23.

a chief of the tribe of Asher Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:39.

חֲנַנְאֵל

proper name (masc.) (Ēl is gracious; compare Phoenician חננבעל, אלחנן, etc.)—name of a tower at Jerusalem Yirmiya 31:38; Zecharia 14:10; Nechemia 3:1; Nechemia 12:39.

חֵנָדָד

proper name (masc.) (חֵן + הָדָד favour of Hadad)—Levite chief Ezra 3:9; Nechemia 3:18, Nechemia 3:24; Nechemia 10:10.

חֲנָנִי

proper name (masc.) (perhaps abbrev. from following);—

father of the prophet Jehu Melachim Alef 16:1, Melachim Alef 16:7; Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:7; Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:2; Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:34.

brother of Nehemiah Nechemia 1:2; Nechemia 7:2.

a chief musician of David Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:4, Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:25.

a chief musician in time of Nehemiah Nechemia 12:36.

a priest of Ezra’s time Ezra 10:20.

חֲנַנְיָ֫הוּ

proper name (masc.) (י׳ hath been gracious)—Septuagint Ἀνανίας; חֲנַנְיָהוּ: (compare חנניהו on Israel. seal, Ganneau^{JAs Fev.-Mars 1883, 128, Noldeke. 1})—

father of a prince under Jehoiakim Yirmiya 36:12.

captain of Uzziah’s army Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:11.

chief of one of the divisions of musicians of David Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:23 = חֲנַנְיָה v Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:4.—חֲנַנְיָה:

a false prophet of Jeremiah’s time Yirmiya 28:1, Yirmiya 28:5, Yirmiya 28:10, Yirmiya 28:11, Yirmiya 28:12, Yirmiya 28:13, Yirmiya 28:15^(×2), Yirmiya 28:17.

one of the three companions of Daniel Daniel 1:6, Daniel 1:7, Daniel 1:11, Daniel 1:19.

grandfather of an officer of the guard in Jeremiah’s time Yirmiya 37:13.

a son of Zerubbabel Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:19, Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:21.

a Benjamite Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:24.

various postexilic persons.

Nechemia 10:24.

Nechemia 12:12, Nechemia 12:41.

חַנָּתֹן

proper name (place) place in the tribe of Zebulun Yehoshua 19:14; Septuagint Αμωθ, A Ενναθωθ, SeptuagintL Αναθωθ; site unknown; according to Conder = Talm. Caphar Hanania (Nbr^{Géogr. 176, 226}) on the border of Upper and Lower Galilee, mod. Kefrʾ Anân, Survey^{WP i, 205, 207}.

חָנַן²

be loathsome (compare Arabic خَنَّ x. foetorem emisit (puteus); Syriac ܚܰܢܻܝܢܳܐ rancid);—Qal pf. וְחַנֹּתִ֫י לִבְנֵי בִטְנִי Iyov 19:17 and I am loathsome to the sons of my womb (‖ זָרָה see ii. זור), so Revised Version margin Ewald De Dillmann and elsewhere (On the tone see De.)

חָנֵס

proper name (place) Yeshaya 30:4 in Lower Egypt, on island in Nile, S. of Memphis (‖ צֹעַן) = Egyptian Ḥnnstn [Ḥnénsĕ], Assyrian Ḫininši; Herodot. ^{ii. 137} Ἄνυσις, afterward Heracleopolis magna, now Ahnâs; see Steindorff^{BAS i, 602}.

חָנֵף

verb be polluted, profane (Arabic حَنَفَ incline, decline, hence حَنِيفٌ inclining to a right state, but in Hebrew of inclining away from right, irreligion, profaneness, compare حَنِفَ have a حَنَفٌ that is distortion of foot; Syriac in deriv. be profane, etc.; Mishnaic Hebrew Hiph., Aramaic Aph. act falsely toward, flatter, חֲנוּכָּה hypocrisy; Assyrian ḫanpu, ruthlessness; ḫanâpu, exercise ruthlessness toward, Tel Amarna Zim^{ZA vi. 1891, 256})—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular חָֽנְפָה Yeshaya 24:5; 3rd plural חָנֵפ֑וּ Yirmiya 23:11; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תֶּחֱנַף Yirmiya 3:1; תֶּחֱנָ֑ף Micha 4:11; וַתֶּחֱנַף Yirmiya 3:9 Tehillim 106:38; infinitive (מקור) absolute חָנוֹף Yirmiya 3:1;—

be polluted: of land Yeshaya 24:5; Yirmiya 3:1^(×2) Tehillim 106:38; of Zion Micha 4:11.

of prophet and priest = be חָנֵף (compare below) that is profane, godless Yirmiya 23:11.—Yirmiya 3:9 appar. trans. וַתֶּחֱנַף את הארץ, Graf del. את, Giesebrecht cites Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 121, 1, but read rather Hiph. וַתַּחֲנֵף with Codd. Septuagint Ewald and elsewhere (see also Graf Giesebrecht).

future (עתיד) יַחֲנִיף Bamidbar 35:33; Daniel 11:32; 2nd feminine singular וַתַּחֲנִ֫יפִי Yirmiya 3:2; 2nd masculine plural תַּחֲנִ֫יפוּ;—

pollute: the land Bamidbar 35:33^(×2) (by blood; P), Yirmiya 3:2 (by idolatry, etc.) + Yirmiya 3:9 (see above)

make profane, godless Daniel 11:32 with a direct object person

חֹ֫נֶף

n.[m.] profaneness—לַעֲשׂוֹת ח׳ Yeshaya 32:6 to practise profaneness (+ נְבָלָה, אָוֶן, תּוֹעָה).

חָנֵף²

adjective profane, irreligious (Syriac ܚܰܢܦܳܐ profane, hence often heathen, apostate; Arabic حَنِيفٌ inclining to a right state, especially the true religion, a Muslim)—absolute ח׳ Iyov 8:13 + 10 times; plural חֲנֵפִים Yeshaya 33:14; חַנְפֵי Iyov 36:13 Tehillim 35:16;—profane, godless: of persons, אָדָם ח׳ Iyov 34:30; גּוֹי ח׳ Yeshaya 10:6; as noun godless man Yeshaya 9:16 (‖ מרע) Iyov 8:13; Iyov 13:16; Iyov 17:8; Iyov 20:5; Iyov 27:8; Mishlei 11:9; coll. עֲדַת ח׳ Iyov 15:34; plural Yeshaya 33:14; חַנְפֵי־לֵב Iyov 36:Iyov 13; בְּחַנְפֵי לַעֲגֵי מָעוֹג Tehillim 35:16 as profane men, mockers for cake (that is table-jesters; on construct see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 130, 5), but text doubtful (see Cheyne^{crit. n.} Baethgen).

חֲנֻפָּה

(so Baer; van d. H חֲנֻפָה) noun (fem.) profaneness, pollution, Yirmiya 23:15.

חַנָּתֹן²

see under חנן.

חֶ֫סֶד

noun (masc.) ^{2 S 16:17} goodness, kindness;—absolute ח׳ Breishis 24:12 + 85 times; חָ֑סֶד Breishis 39:21 + 12 times; construct חֶסֶד Shmuel Alef 20:14 + 8 times; with suffix חַסְדִּי Tehillim 59:18 + 120 times sfs.; plural חֲסָדִים Breishis 32:11; construct חַסְדֵי Yeshaya 55:3 + 5 times (Baer^{Jes p. 79} Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 93, R. 1 F.); with suffix חֲסָדַי Nechemia 13:14 + 10 times sfs.; (not in H or P).

of man:

kindness of men towards men, in doing favours and benefits Shmuel Alef 20:15; Shmuel Beis 16:17 Tehillim 141:5 Mishlei 19:22; Mishlei 20:6; ח׳ יהוה Shmuel Alef 20:14 the kindness of י׳ (such as he shews, Gesenius' Thesaurus Muhlau-Volck; that sworn to by oath to Yahweh Mich Dathe; shewn out of reverence to Yahweh Th Ke), compare ח׳ אלהים Shmuel Beis 9:3; תּוֹרַת־ח׳ Mishlei 31:26 instruction in kindness, kindly instruction עָשָׂה חֶסֶד עִמָּדִי do or shew kindness (in dealing) with me Breishis 20:13; Breishis 40:14, Shmuel Alef 20:14; Shmuel Beis 10:2 (עִמִּי in ‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:2); c. עִם Breishis 21:23, Breishis 24:12, Breishis 24:14; Yehoshua 2:12^(×2) Shoftim 1:24, Shoftim 8:35; Shmuel Alef 15:6; Shmuel Beis 2:5; Shmuel Beis 3:8; Shmuel Beis 9:1, Shmuel Beis 9:3, Shmuel Beis 9:7, Shmuel Beis 10:2 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:2, Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:2; Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:22; c. עַל Shmuel Alef 20:8; c. לְ Melachim Alef 2:7; נשׂא ח׳ לפני obtain kindness before Esther 2:9, Esther 2:17; היטיב ח׳ Rus 3:10.

kindness (especially as extended to the lowly, needy and miserable), mercy Mishlei 20:28; Iyov 6:14; אישׁ חסד merciful man Mishlei 11:17 (opposite אַכְזָרִי); מַלְכֵי ח׳ merciful kings Melachim Alef 20:31; עשׂה ח׳ Tehillim 109:16; in this sense usually with other attributes (see also below II. 2); ‖ אמת Hoshea 4:1; Yeshaya 16:5; ח׳ ואמת Mishlei 3:3; Mishlei 14:22; Mishlei 16:6; Mishlei 20:28; עשׂה ח׳ ואמת Breishis 24:49; Breishis 47:29; Yehoshua 2:14 (J; Revised Version gives these under 1); ‖ צדקה Hoshea 10:12; צדקה וח׳ Mishlei 21:21; ‖ משׁפט Micha 6:8; ח׳ ומשׁפט Hoshea 12:7; ‖ חוֹנֵן Tehillim 109:12; ח׳ ורחמים Zecharia 7:9 Daniel 1:9.—(On Hoshea 6:4, Hoshea 6:6 see 3 below)

(rarely) affection of Isr. to י׳, love to God, piety: ח׳ נְעוּרַיִךְ Yirmiya 2:2 piety of thy youth (‖ love of thine espousals to Yahweh); poss. also חַסְדְּכֶם כַּעֲנַן־בֹּקֶר Hoshea 6:4 your piety is like a morning cloud (fleeting), and כִּי חֶסֶד חָפַצְתִּי וְלאֹ־זָ֑בַח Hoshea 6:6 for piety I delight in and not in peace-offering (‖ דעת אלהים, compare Shmuel Alef 15:22);—so Wü Nowack Hitzig (v Shmuel Alef 15:4) Cheyne; Ke Hitzig (v Shmuel Alef 15:6) and elsewhere under 2 (or 1);—אַנְשֵׁי חֶסֶד men of piety Yeshaya 57:1 (‖ צַדִּיק); plural pious acts Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:32; Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:26; Nechemia 13:14.

lovely appearance: כָּל־חַסְדּוֹ כְּצִיץ הַשָּׂדֶה Yeshaya 40:6 all its loveliness as the flower of the field (so Gesenius' Thesaurus Hitzig De Cheyne Dillmann and elsewhere; but δόξα Septuagint 1 Pet 1:24 & gloria Vulgate favour an original reading הוֹדוֹ Lo or כְּבֹדוֹ Ewald, see Br^{MP 375}; Duhm הֲדָרוֹ).

of God: kindness, lovingkindness in condescending to the needs of his creatures. He is חַסְדָּם their goodness, favour Yonah 2:9; חַסְדִּי Tehillim 144:2; אֱלֹהֵי חַסְדִּי God of my kindness Tehillim 59:18; in v Tehillim 59:11 read אֱלֹהַי חַסְדּוֹ my God with his kindness Peshitta Vulgate Ewald Hupfeld De Pe Cheyne Baethgen; his is the kindness Tehillim 62:13; it is with him Tehillim 130:7; he delights in it Micha 7:18.

specif. lovingkindness:

in redemption from enemies and troubles Breishis 19:19; Breishis 39:21, Shemos 15:13 (song), Yirmiya 31:3; Ezra 7:28; Ezra 9:9 Tehillim 21:8; Tehillim 31:17, Tehillim 31:22; Tehillim 32:10; Tehillim 33:22; Tehillim 36:8, Tehillim 36:11; Tehillim 42:9; Tehillim 44:27; Tehillim 48:10; Tehillim 59:17; Tehillim 66:20; Tehillim 85:8; Tehillim 90:14; Tehillim 94:18; Tehillim 107:8, Tehillim 107:15, Tehillim 107:21, Tehillim 107:31; Tehillim 143:8, Tehillim 143:12; Iyov 37:13; Rus 1:8; Rus 2:20; men should trust in it Tehillim 13:6; Tehillim 52:10; rejoice in it Tehillim 31:8; hope in it Tehillim 33:18; Tehillim 147:11.

in preservation of life from death Tehillim 6:5; Tehillim 86:13 Iyov 10:12.

in quickening of spiritual life Tehillim 109:26; Tehillim 119:41, Tehillim 119:76, Tehillim 119:88, Tehillim 119:124, Tehillim 119:149, Tehillim 119:159.

in redemption from sin Tehillim 25:7; Tehillim 51:3.

in keeping the covenants, with Abraham Micha 7:20; with Moses and Israel שׁמר הַבְּרִית וְ(הַ)חֶסֶד keepeth the covenant and the lovingkindness Devarim 7:9, Devarim 7:12; Melachim Alef 8:23 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:14, Nechemia 1:5; Nechemia 9:32; Daniel 9:4; with David and his dynasty Shmuel Beis 7:15 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 17:13, Shmuel Beis 22:51 = Tehillim 18:51, Melachim Alef 3:6^(×2) = Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:8, Tehillim 89:29, Tehillim 89:34; with the wife Zion Yeshaya 54:10.

חֶסֶד is grouped with other divine attributes: חסד ואמת kindness (lovingkindness) and fidelity Breishis 24:27, Tehillim 25:10; Tehillim 40:11, Tehillim 40:12; Tehillim 57:4; Tehillim 61:8; Tehillim 85:11; Tehillim 89:15; Tehillim 115:1; Tehillim 138:2; עשׂה ח׳ ואמת עם Shmuel Beis 2:6; Shmuel Beis 15:20 (Septuagint, see Driver); c. אֶת־ Breishis 24:49; רַב ח׳ ואמת Shemos 34:6, Tehillim 86:15; also ‖ אמת Micha 7:20 Tehillim 26:3; Tehillim 117:2; ‖ אֱמוּנָה Tehillim 88:12; Tehillim 89:3; Tehillim 92:3; אמונה וח׳ Tehillim 89:25; ח׳ ואמונה Tehillim 98:3; ‖ רחמים Tehillim 77:9; ח׳ ורחמים Yirmiya 16:5; Hoshea 2:21 Tehillim 103:4; ח׳ ומשׁפט Yirmiya 9:23 Tehillim 101:1; ‖ צדקה Tehillim 36:11; טוב וח׳ Tehillim 23:6.

the kindness of God is

abundant: רַב־חֶסֶד abundant, plenteous in kindness (goodness) Bamidbar 14:18, Nechemia 9:17 (Keri), Yoel 2:13; Yonah 4:2 Tehillim 86:5; Tehillim 103:8 (compare Shemos 34:6 Tehillim 86:15); רֹב חַסְדְּךָ Nechemia 13:22 Tehillim 5:8; Tehillim 69:14; Tehillim 130:7 (Septuagint Vulgate Aq Targum, to be preferred to Masoretic Text חֲסָדֶיךָ); רֹב חֲסָדָו֯ Eicha 3:32 Tehillim 106:45 (Kesiv Septuagint in both to be preferred).

great in extent: גֹּדֶל ח׳ greatness of thy mercy Bamidbar 14:19; גְּדָו֯ל־ח׳ Tehillim 145:8; it is kept for thousands Shemos 34:7, Yirmiya 32:18, especially of those connected with lovers of י׳, Shemos 20:6 = Devarim 5:10; for 1000 generations Devarim 7:9; it is great as the heavens Tehillim 57:11; Tehillim 103:11, compare Tehillim 36:6; Tehillim 108:5; the earth is full of it Tehillim 33:5; Tehillim 119:64.

everlasting: לעולם חסדוֹ Yirmiya 33:11; Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:34, Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:41; Divrei HaYamim Beis 5:13; Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:3, Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:6; Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:21; Ezra 3:11 Tehillim 100:5; Tehillim 106:1; Tehillim 107:1; Tehillim 118:1, Tehillim 118:2, Tehillim 118:3, Tehillim 118:4, Tehillim 118:29; Tehillim 136:1-26 (26 times); חסדךָ לעולם Tehillim 138:8; ח׳ מעולם ועד עולם Tehillim 103:17; ח׳ עולם Yeshaya 54:8; ח׳ אל כל היום Tehillim 52:3.

good: כִּי־טוֹב חַסְדְּךָ Tehillim 69:17; Tehillim 109:21; כי טוב חסדךָ מחיים Tehillim 63:4.

plural mercies, deeds of kindness, the historic displays of lovingkindness to Israel: shewn to Jacob Breishis 32:11; but mostly late Yeshaya 63:7 Tehillim 25:6; Tehillim 89:2; כְּרֹב חסדיו Yeshaya 63:7, see 3 a; promised in the Davidic covenant Tehillim 89:50; חַסְדֵי דָוִיד mercies to David Yeshaya 55:3; Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:42; mercies in general Eicha 3:22 Tehillim 17:7; Tehillim 107:43—חֶסֶד in proper name (masc.) בן־ח׳ see under בֵּן. On Vayikra 20:17; Mishlei 14:34 see ii. חֶסֶד under II. חסד.

חָסִיד

adjectivem. kind, pious (so, as denoting active practice of חֶסֶד, kindness, Gesenius' Thesaurus Muhlau-Volck De and most, compare קָצִיר, פָּקִיד etc.; > Hupfeld on Tehillim 4:4 Revised Version margin who expl. as passive reception of י׳’s חֶסֶד, compare שָׂכִיר, אָסִיר etc.; its use as attribute of God Yirmiya 3:12 Tehillim 145:17, and the context Tehillim 12:1 Micha 7:2 etc., favour active sense)—ח׳ Tehillim 4:4 + 9 times; חֲסִידֶ֑ךָ Devarim 33:8 Tehillim 89:20; חֲסִידְיךָ֯ Tehillim 16:10; plural חֲסִידִים Tehillim 149:1, Tehillim 149:5; with suffix חֲסִידָ֑י Tehillim 50:5; חֲסִידָו֯ Shmuel Alef 2:9 + 15 times sfs.;—

kind:

of man עם ח׳ תתחסד with the kind thou shewest thyself kind Shmuel Beis 22:26 = Tehillim 18:26.

of wing of ostrich אִם אֶבְרָה חֲסִידָה Iyov 39:13 is it a kindly pinion? poss. with play on חֲסִידָה noun (fem.) stork (is the ostrich kind like the stork?).

of God, only Yirmiya 3:12 Tehillim 145:17.

pious, godly, either as exhibition of ‘duteous love’ toward God (Cheyne^{OP 378}), or (in view of rarity of such passages as Hoshea 6:4, Hoshea 6:6; Yirmiya 2:2, and their possible ambiguity) because kindness, as prominent in the godly, comes to imply other attributes, and to be a designation of the godly character, piety:

as adjective—גּוֹי לא חסיד a nation, not pious, = ungodly Tehillim 43:1.

elsewhere as noun: sing., a pious man, the godly Tehillim 4:4; Tehillim 12:2; Tehillim 32:6; Tehillim 86:2, ‖ יָשָׁר Micha 7:2; (thy) pious one(s) Tehillim 16:10 (Kesiv plural), Shmuel Alef 2:9 (Keri plural) Mishlei 2:8, אִישׁ חֲסִידֶ֑ךָ men of thy pious one Devarim 33:8 (Moses, see Dillmann; others, the man, thy godly one, that is Levi); plural the pious, godly, those of the people who were faithful, devoted to God’s service, only in Psalter and chiefly, if not entirely, in late Psalms Tehillim 149:1, Tehillim 149:5; his pious ones Tehillim 30:5; Tehillim 31:24; Tehillim 37:28; Tehillim 85:9; Tehillim 97:10; Tehillim 116:15; Tehillim 148:14; Tehillim 149:9; thy pious ones Tehillim 52:11; Tehillim 79:2; Tehillim 89:20; Tehillim 132:9 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:41, Tehillim 145:10; my pious ones Tehillim 50:Tehillim 5, her (Zion’s) pious Tehillim 132:16.—(In Maccab. age, συναγωγὴ Ἀσιδαίων denoted, technically, the party of the pious, who opposed the Hellenization of Judaea, see The Book of Maccabees I (Kahana Translation) 2:42; compare The Book of Maccabees I (Kahana Translation) 7:13 The Book of Maccabees II 14:6 and Cheyne^{OP 48, 56}; so perhaps Tehillim 116:15; Tehillim 149:1, Tehillim 149:5, Tehillim 149:9.)

חֲסִידָה

noun (fem.) stork (so called as kind and affectionate to its young)—Vayikra 11:19 = Devarim 14:18; Tehillim 104:17; Yirmiya 8:7; Zecharia 5:9; compare Lat. pietaticultrix.

חֶ֫סֶד²

noun (masc.) shame, reproach, only absolute:—ח׳ הוּא Vayikra 20:17 it is a shame (shameful thing); ח׳ לְאֻמִּים חַטָּאת Mishlei 14:34 sin is a reproach to peoples.

חֹסָה

proper name (masc.) (refuge)—name of one of the Levitical doorkeepers of the temple Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:38; Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:10, Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:11, Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:16.

proper name (place) place in the tribe of Asher Yehoshua 19:29; site unknown; Septuagint Ιασιφ, A Σουσα, SeptuagintL Ωσα.

חָסִיל

noun (masc.) a kind of locust (singular coll.), always absolute ח׳, and always as destructive; Melachim Alef 8:37 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:28 Tehillim 78:46 (all ‖ אַרְבֶּה), Yoel 1:4; Yoel 2:25 (‖ יָ֑לֶק, אַרְבֶּה, גָּוָם); compare אֹסֶף הֶחָ׳ Yeshaya 33:4 the gathering of the locust, in simile of despoiling of Assyria (‖ גֵּבִים).

חֹ֫סֶן

noun (masc.) ^{Mishlei 15:6} wealth, treasure (on relation to √ meaning compare חַיִל)—ח׳ absolute Mishlei 15:6 + 2 times; construct Yeshaya 33:6; Yirmiya 20:5;—wealth, treasure, of individuals Mishlei 15:6 (ח׳ רַב, opposite נֶעְכָּ֑רֶת), Mishlei 27:24 (‖ נֵזֶר), Yechezkel 22:25 (‖ יְקָר); of city ח׳ הָעִיר הַזֹּאת Yirmiya 20:5 (‖ יְגִיעַ, יְקָר, אוֹצָרוֹת); in transf. sense ח׳ יְשׁוּעֹת, wealth (or abundance VB) of salvations, ח׳ יְשׁ׳ חָכְמַת וָדָ֑עַת יִרְאַת י׳ הִיא אוֹצָרוֹ Yeshaya 33:6 and stability of thy times shall be abundance of salvations (helps, deliverances), etc.

חֲסִין

adjective strong, mighty (Aramaism);—only מִי־כָמוֹךָ חֲסִין יָהּ Tehillim 89:9.

חָסֵר

verb lack, need, be lacking, decrease (see Lagarde ^{BN 143}; Mishnaic Hebrew חִסֵּר cause to lack or fail, diminish (active), and deriv.; Aramaic חֲסַר, ܚܣܰܪ, want, lack, and deriv., compare Phoenician מחסר, see מחסור below; Arabic حَسَرَ remove, strip off; disappear, retire (of water), fail (of sight), etc.; perhaps also Ethiopic ኀስረ: be inferior, worthless, diminished Dillmann ⁵⁹⁰ and deriv.)—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ח׳ Melachim Alef 17:16; 2nd masculine singular חָסַרְתָּ Devarim 2:7; 3rd plural חָסֵ֑רוּ Nechemia 9:21; 1st plural חָסַרְנוּ Yirmiya 44:18; future (עתיד) יֶחְסַר Devarim 15:8 + 2 times; יֶחְסָ֑ר Mishlei 31:11 Koheles 9:8; 3rd feminine singular תֶּחְסָ֑ר Melachim Alef 17:14; Mishlei 13:25; 2nd masculine singular תֶּחְסַר Devarim 8:9; 1st singular אֶחְסָ֑ר Tehillim 23:1; plural יַחְסְרוּ Tehillim 34:11; Yechezkel 4:17; וַיַּחְסְרוּ Breishis 8:3; יַחְסְרוּן Breishis 18:28; infinitive (מקור) construct חֲסַר Mishlei 10:21 Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 238 a, compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) §45. 1 a; absolute חָסוֹר Breishis 8:5; participle (בינוני) חָסֵר Melachim Alef 11:22; Koheles 10:3 (see חָסֵר below);—

lack:

with a direct object Breishis 18:28 perchance the fifty righteous lack five, Devarim 2:7 thou hast not lacked anything, Devarim 8:9; Yirmiya 44:18; Melachim Alef 11:22; Yechezkel 4:17 Tehillim 34:11; Mishlei 31:11, compare also בַּחֲסַר־לֵב Mishlei 10:21 by lacking intelligence (sense), (Dillmann puts here Devarim 15:8 see below)

absolute be in want, want Tehillim 23:1; Mishlei 13:25; Nechemia 9:21.

be lacking, מַחְסֹרוֹ אֲשֶׁר יֶח׳ לוֹ Devarim 15:8 his lack (that is thing needed), which is lacking to him (possible also is, which he lacks for himself, so Dillmann, see above); שֶׁמֶן עַל־רֹאְשְׁךָ אַל־יֶח׳ Koheles 9:8 oil on thy head let it not be lacking; see also absolute Yeshaya 51:14; Shir HaShirim 7:3, and לִבּוֹ חָסֵר Koheles 10:3 his sense is lacking; of jar of oil Melachim Alef 17:14, Melachim Alef 17:16 (absolute) by meton. for the oil itself (compare ‖ כלה be consumed, exhausted).

diminish, decrease, of waters Breishis 8:3, compare הָלוֹךְ וְחָסוֹר v Breishis 8:5, waters continually diminished (see הלך above p. 233b).

cause to lack, with a direct object person, future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular with suffix וַתְּחַסְּרֵהוּ מעט מֵאֱלהים Tehillim 8:6 and thou didst make him lack little of God; participle (בינוני) וּמְחַסֵּר את־נפשׁי מִטּוֹבָה Koheles 4:8 for whom am I labouring and depriving myself of good things?

past (עבר) הֶחֱסִיר Shemos 16:18; future (עתיד) יַחְסִיר Yeshaya 32:6;—cause to be lacking, fail, with a direct object rei מַשְׁקֵה צָמֵא יַח׳ Yeshaya 32:6; the drink of the thirsty he causeth to fail (‖ לְהָרִיק נפשׁ רָעֵב); absolute Shemos 16:18, he that gathered little caused no lack.

חֶ֫סֶר

noun (masc.) ^{Mishlei 28:22} want, poverty—always absolute; ח׳ יְבֹאֶנּוּ Mishlei 28:22 want shall come to him; ‖ כָּפָן hunger Iyov 30:3.

חָסֵר²

adjective needy, lacking, in want of—ח׳ absolute Koheles 6:2; construct חֲסַר Shmuel Alef 21:16 + 13 times;—needy, in want of ח׳ משׁגעים אני Shmuel Alef 21:16 am I in want of madmen? Shmuel Beis 3:29 in need of bread, so Mishlei 12:9; usually חֲסַר־לֵב lacking understanding, sense Mishlei 6:32; Mishlei 7:7; Mishlei 9:4, Mishlei 9:16; Mishlei 10:13; Mishlei 11:12; Mishlei 12:11; Mishlei 15:21; אָדָם ח׳־לֵב Mishlei 17:18; Mishlei 24:30; נָּגִיד ח׳ תְּבוּנוֹת Mishlei 28:16; אֵינֶנּוּ חָסֵר לְנַפְשׁוֹ מִכֹּל וג׳ Koheles 6:2 neither is he lacking for his soul in aught of (מן particle) all that he desireth.

חַסְרָה

proper name (masc.) grandfather of Shallum who was husband of Huldah the prophetess (Septuagint A Εσσερη, SeptuagintL Ασερ) = חַרְחַס Melachim Beis 22:14 (Septuagint Αραας, SeptuagintL Αδρα) Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:22.

חַף

see ii. חפף.

חָפָה

verb cover (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, especially Pi.; Aramaic חֲפָא, ܚܦܳܐ (especially Pa.); Arabic خَفِىَ be hidden, خَفَى hide)—

past (עבר) חָפוּ Shmuel Beis 15:30 + 3 times; participle (בינוני) חָפוּי Shmuel Beis 15:30; construct חֲפוּי Esther 6:12;—cover the head (רֹאשׁ), in token of grief Shmuel Beis 15:30 Yirmiya 14:3, Yirmiya 14:4; pt. agrees with ר׳ Shmuel Beis 15:30; חֲפוּי רֹאשׁ (‖ אָבֵל) Esther 6:12; in token of sentence of death Esther 7:8.

participle (בינוני) f. נֶחְפָּה Tehillim 68:14 (כנפי יונה נ׳), c. בְּ of material.

past (עבר) (late) חִפָּה Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:5, Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:9; future (עתיד) וַיְחַף Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:7; with suffix וַיְחַפֵּהוּ Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:5, Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:8; overlay followed by 2 direct object (one of material) Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:5^(×2), Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:7, Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:8, Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:9.

חֻפָּה

ii. חֻפָּה see under חפף.

חֹ֫פֶן

n.[m.] hollow of hand (Mishnaic Hebrew חוֹפֶן, Aramaic חָפְנִי, חוּפְנָא, ܚܽܘܦܢܳܐ; Ethiopic ሕፍን: —also Arabic حُفْنَةٌ hollow in the ground; and, according to Zehnpfund ^{BAS i, 635}, Assyrian ḫupunnu, bowl, but ḫ = ح ?)—only dual חָפְנַיִם Koheles 4:6; construct חָפְנֵי Yechezkel 10:7 (del. Co intern. grounds); with suffix חָפְנֶיךָ Yechezkel 10:2; חָפְנָיו Vayikra 16:12 Mishlei 30:4; חָפְנֵיכֶם Shemos 9:8; מַלֵּא ח׳ Yechezkel 10:2 + v Yechezkel 10:7 (del. Co compare above);—מְלֹא ח׳ = handful Shemos 9:8 Vayikra 16:12 (both P), Koheles 4:6, material follows in implic. direct object; מי־אסף רוח בח׳ Mishlei 30:4.

חָפְנִי

proper name (masc.) (Sabean proper name חפן Hal ^{Noldeke. 14})—one of Eli’s two sons Shmuel Alef 1:3; Shmuel Alef 2:34; Shmuel Alef 4:4, Shmuel Alef 4:11, Shmuel Alef 4:17.

חָפַף

verb enclose, surround, cover (Arabic حَفَّ, surround, حِفَافٌ side, or border of a thing)—only

participle (בינוני) חֹפֵף עָלָיו Devarim 33:12 (poem) he (י׳) is covering him over, figuratively of י׳’s sheltering Benj. (in temple; on omission of subj. see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 116. 5. R 3).

חוֹף²

n.[m.] shore, coast (as surrounding, enclosing)—ח׳ only construct Breishis 49:13^(×2) + 5 times:—shore of sea ח׳ הַיָּם Devarim 1:7 Yehoshua 9:1 (both D), Shoftim 5:17; Yirmiya 47:7; Yechezkel 25:16; ח׳ יַמִּים Breishis 49:13 (poem); ח׳ אֳנִיּוֹת v Breishis 49:13 the shore of ships, that is to which ships come.

חֻפָּה²

noun (fem.) canopy, chamber (as covering, enclosing)—absolute ח׳ Yeshaya 4:5; with suffix חֻפָּתוֹ Tehillim 19:6; חֻפָּתָהּ Yoel 2:16;—

canopy, על־כל־כבוד ח׳ Yeshaya 4:5 over all glory a canopy (for protection).

chamber, of bridegroom Tehillim 19:6 (metaphorically of sun rising); of bride Yoel 2:16 (‖ חֶדֶר of bridegroom).

חֻפָּה³

proper name (masc.) Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:13 priest of 13th course Septuagint Οφφα.

חַף²

adjective clean—only זַךְ אֲנִי בְּלִי֫ פָ֥שַׁע חַף אָנֹכִ֑י Iyov 33:9 I am pure, without transgression, I am clean (in speech of Elihu).

חָפֵץ

verb delight in (compare Arabic حَفِظَ be mindful of, attentive to, keep, protect, Aramaic ܚܦܛ whence ܚܦܺܝܛ eager, zealous, Arabic حَفِيظَةٌ anger (excitement), أَحْفَظَ enrage (Aramaic and Arabic of excited attention, Hebrew of delighted attention), Delitzsch ^{Pr 168} Noldeke ^{ZMG 1886, 742}; Mishnaic Hebrew חֵפֶץ weakened to thing, see De ^{Ec. Gloss.}, Phoenician in proper name חפצבעל);—

past (עבר) ח׳ Breishis 34:19 + 28 times; f. חָפֵ֑צָה Yeshaya 66:3; 2nd masculine חָפַצְתָּ Devarim 21:14 + 4 times; חָפָ֫צְנוּ Iyov 21:14, etc., + 14 times past (עבר); future (עתיד) יַחְפֹּץ Devarim 25:7 + 7 times; יֶחְפָּ֑ץ Tehillim 37:23; Tehillim 147:10; plural יַחְפְּצוּ Yeshaya 13:17; Yirmiya 6:10; יֶחְפָּ֑צוּ Tehillim 68:31; יֶחְפָּצוּ֑ן Yeshaya 58:2^(×2) etc. + 9 times future (עתיד); infinitive (מקור) absolute חָפֹץ Yechezkel 18:23; on participle (בינוני) חָפֵץ = adjective verb., see below;—

of men:

take pleasure in, delight in, c. בְּ, a woman Breishis 34:19, Devarim 21:14; Esther 2:14; a man Shmuel Alef 18:22; Shmuel Alef 19:1 Shmuel Beis 20:11; in matters and things Shmuel Beis 24:3; Yeshaya 13:17; Yeshaya 66:3; Yirmiya 6:10 Tehillim 109:17; Tehillim 112:1; Tehillim 119:35; Mishlei 18:2; Esther 6:6, Esther 6:7, Esther 6:9^(×2), Esther 6:11; with a direct object Tehillim 68:31 Yeshaya 58:2; Koheles 8:3; implic. object Tehillim 73:25.

delight, desire, be pleased to do a thing, would do it Devarim 25:7, Devarim 25:8 Melachim Alef 9:1; Esther 6:6 Rus 3:13 Tehillim 40:9; Iyov 9:3; Iyov 13:3; Iyov 21:14; Iyov 33:32; Yeshaya 58:2; Yirmiya 42:22.

absolute עַד שֶׁתֶּחְפָּ֑ץ until it please (of love) Shir HaShirim 2:7; Shir HaShirim 3:5; Shir HaShirim 8:4.

of God:

delight in, have pleasure in, c. בְּ, persons Bamidbar 14:8, Shmuel Beis 15:26; Shmuel Beis 22:20 = Tehillim 18:20, Melachim Alef 10:9 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:8, Tehillim 22:9; Tehillim 41:12; Yeshaya 62:4; not in the strength of a horse Tehillim 147:10; in doing evil Malachi 2:17; in the death of the sinner Yechezkel 18:32; Yechezkel 33:11; but in mercy, justice, and righteousness Yirmiya 9:23; בחר באשׁר (לא) חפצתי Yeshaya 56:4; Yeshaya 65:12; Yeshaya 66:4; not with (direct object) the blood of bullocks Yeshaya 1:11; זבח(ים) Tehillim 40:7; Tehillim 51:18, Tehillim 51:21, or the death of the sinner Shemos 18:23^(×2); but with חסד Hoshea 6:6 Micha 7:18, אמת Tehillim 51:8; with the way of a man Tehillim 37:23; כל אשׁר חפץ Tehillim 115:3; Tehillim 135:6 Mishlei 21:1; אשׁר חפץ Yeshaya 55:11; Yonah 1:14.

pleased to do a thing c. inf. Shoftim 13:23 Shmuel Alef 2:25; Yeshaya 53:10.

with impf. subj. (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § ^142(3)c) י׳ חָפֵץ יגדיל תּורה Yahweh was pleased to magnify teaching Yeshaya 42:21.—On Iyov 40:17 see חָפַץ.

חָפֵץ²

adjective verb. delighting in, having pleasure in;—ח׳ Tehillim 5:5 + 4 times; plural חֲפֵצִים Malachi 3:1 Nechemia 1:11; construct חֲפֵצֵי Tehillim 35:27 + 2 times; with suffix חֶפְצֵיהֶם Tehillim 111:2; f. חֲפֵצָ֑ה Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:9;—

of man, with a direct object Tehillim 34:13; Tehillim 35:27 Malachi 3:1; c. inf. Nechemia 1:11; absolute הֶחָפֵץ whosoever would Melachim Alef 13:33; אם חפץ אתה if thou pleasest Melachim Alef 21:6; נֶפֶשׁ חֲפֵצָה willing soul Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:9; plural construct before nouns absolute Tehillim 35:22; Tehillim 40:15 = Tehillim 70:3; דְּרוּשִׁים לְכָל־חֶפְצֵיהֶם studied of all who take pleasure in them Tehillim 111:2.

of God, לֹא אֵל־חָפֵץ רֶשַׁע אַתָּה thou art not a God taking pleasure in wickedness Tehillim 5:5.

חֵ֫פֶץ

noun (masc.) ^{Mishlei 3:15} delight, pleasure;—ח׳ Yeshaya 54:12 + 20 times; with suffix חֶפְצְךָ Yeshaya 58:13 etc. + 13 times sfs.; plural חֲפָצִים Mishlei 8:11; with suffix חֲפָצֶיךָ Mishlei 3:15; חֲפָצֶ֖ךָ Yeshaya 58:13—

delight אבני ח׳ Yeshaya 54:12 delightful stones; אֶרֶץ ח׳ Malachi 3:12 delightsome land; דִּבְרֵי ח׳ Koheles 12:10; so perhaps also בִּגְדֵי ח׳ Yechezkel 27:20 garments of delight, that is of beauty and luxury (Gratz; Masoretic Text חֹפֶשׁ q.see); c. בְּ of persons Tehillim 16:3; Koheles 5:3 Malachi 1:10; of things Shmuel Alef 15:22; Shmuel Alef 18:25 Tehillim 1:2; Iyov 21:21; Koheles 12:1; כְּלִי אֵין חֵפֶץ בּוֹ vessel wherein is no pleasure Yirmiya 22:28; Yirmiya 48:38; Hoshea 8:8; הַחֵפֶץ לְשַׁדַּי כִּי Iyov 22:3 is it a pleasure to Shadday that?

desire, longing מנע מח׳ דלים Iyov 31:16 withhold the poor from (their) desire; מְחוֹז חֶפְצָם the city of their desire Tehillim 107:30; כל חפץ all (one’s) desire Shmuel Beis 23:5 Melachim Alef 5:22, Melachim Alef 5:23, Melachim Alef 5:24; Melachim Alef 9:11, Melachim Alef 10:13 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:12; כל חפצים all things to be desired Mishlei 3:15; Mishlei 8:11.

the good pleasure, will, purpose, of Yahweh Shoftim 13:23 Yeshaya 44:28; Yeshaya 46:10; Yeshaya 48:14.

that in which one takes delight, his business (late), or matter (very late, compare Mish. = thing) חֵפֶץ י׳ בְּיָדוֹ יִצְלַח the good pleasure (cause, business) of Yahweh will prosper in his hands Yeshaya 53:10; - Yeshaya 58:3, Yeshaya 58:13; עֲשׂוֹת חֲפָצֶךָ doing thy affairs Yeshaya 58:13 (see De in loco); בְּחֵפֶץ כַּפֶּיהָ in the business of her hands Mishlei 31:13; עֵת לְכָל־חֵפֶץ time for every matter, affair Koheles 3:1, Koheles 3:17; Koheles 8:6; אַל־תִּתְמַהּ עַל־הַחֵפֶץ marvel not at the matter Koheles 5:7.

—חפץ is not used in any of its forms in E D² H P of the Hexateuch.

חָפַץ

verb bend down (Arabic خَفَضَ lower, depress, as wings Qor 15:88)—only

future (עתיד) יַחְפֹּץ זְנָכוֹ כְמוֹ־אֶרֶז Iyov 40:17; he bendeth down (extendeth down stiffly) his tail like a cedar, see Wetzstein in De ^{Job 526} Hitzig ^{Hiob 299}.

חָפַר

verb dig, search for (Arabic حَفَرَ the same; Aramaic חֲפַר, ܚܦܰܪ, the same; Mishnaic Hebrew חֵפֶר act of digging)—

past (עבר) ח׳ Iyov 39:29; וְחָפַרְתָּ֫ Iyov 11:18; וְחָפַרְתָּ֫ה Devarim 23:14; חָפַרְתִּי Breishis 21:30; חָֽפְרוּ Breishis 26:18 + 2 times; חָפָ֑רוּ Breishis 26:32; חֲפָרוּהָ Bamidbar 21:18; future (עתיד) וַיַּחְפֹּר Breishis 26:18, Breishis 26:22; וַיַּחְפִּרֵהוּ Tehillim 7:16; וָאֶחְפֹּר Yirmiya 13:7; יַחְפְּדוּ Iyov 39:21 (but read יַחְפֹּר so Septuagint Vulgate Peshitta Dillmann) Devarim 1:22; וַיַּחְפְּרוּ Breishis 26:19 + 2 times; וַיַּחְפְּרֻהוּ Iyov 3:21; infinitive (מקור) construct לַחְפֹּר Yehoshua 2:2, Yehoshua 2:3 + Yeshaya 2:20 (compare below); participle (בינוני) חֹפֵר Koheles 10:8;—

dig:

a well, with a direct object בְּאֵר Breishis 21:30, Breishis 26:15, Breishis 26:18^(×2), Breishis 26:19, Breishis 26:21, Breishis 26:22, Breishis 26:32, Bamidbar 21:18; compare Shemos 7:24; dig (a hole, implied as object) Devarim 23:14; a pit, with hostile purpose, as snare or trap, figuratively of malicious plan, with a direct object בּוֹר Tehillim 7:16 (‖ כָּרָה); so with a direct object גומץ Koheles 10:8, compare ח׳ לְנַפְשִׁי [שַׁחַת] Tehillim 35:7; of horse, dig, that is paw the ground, יַחְפֹּר בָּעֵמֶק Iyov 39:21 (so read, see above) he paweth in the valley (compare Arabic حَافِرٌ hoof).

dig for something hidden, with a direct object Iyov 3:21 (figuratively of longing for death), Yirmiya 13:7 (no object expr.)

search, search out, explore, with a direct object הָאָרֶץ Yehoshua 2:2, Yehoshua 2:3, Devarim 1:22; of eagle, search for food, with a direct object ח׳ אֹכֶל Iyov 39:29, with especially reference to keen vision (‖ מֵרָחוֹק עֵינָיו יַבִּיטוּ); so = search or look carefully about before going to rest Iyov 11:18 (no object).—לַחְפֹּר Yeshaya 2:20 see חֲפַרְפָּרָה below

חֵ֫פֶר

proper name (masc.)

a Manassite Bamidbar 26:32, Bamidbar 26:33; Bamidbar 27:1 Yehoshua 17:2, Yehoshua 17:3, Septuagint Οφερ.

a man of Judah Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:6; Septuagint Ηφαλ, SeptuagintL Αφερ.

one of David’s heroes, according to Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:36 (but on text see Be VB and Driver Shmuel Beis 23:36).

חֵ֫פֶר²

proper name (place)

Canaanitish town, with a king, named just before Aphek Yehoshua 12:17, exact site unknown.

Melachim Alef 4:10 in Judah (ארץ ח׳);—on גִּ֫תָּה ח׳ Yehoshua 19:13, גַּת הַח׳ Melachim Beis 14:25, see גַּת under יגן.

חֲפַרְפָּרָה

see under I. חפר.

חָפַשׂ

verb search (Targum Yerushalmi חֲפַס dig, seek; Pal. Syriac dig (Schw); perhaps Assyrian êppêšu, êtpêšu, sensible, Lyon^{Sargontexte 65})—

future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular with suffix תַּחְפְּשֶׂ֫נָּה Mishlei 2:4; יַחְפְּשׂוּ Tehillim 64:7; נַחְפְּשָׂה Eicha 3:40; participle (בינוני) חֹפֵשׂ Mishlei 20:27;—search, search out, figuratively;

search for, object בִּינָה etc. Mishlei 2:4 (‖ בקשׁ).

= think out, devise, with a direct object עולות unjust acts Tehillim 64:7 (compare also under Pu.)

search = test, Eicha 3:40 (object דרכינו; ‖ חקר), Mishlei 20:27.

past (עבר) נֶחְפְּשׂוּ Ob⁶ subj. עֵשָׂו coll.; searched out = exposed and plundered (‖ נִבְעוּ מַצְפּוּנָיו).

past (עבר) וְחִפַּשְׂתִּ֫י Shmuel Alef 23:23; וְחִפְּשׂוּ Melachim Alef 20:6; future (עתיד) וַיְחַפֵּשׂ Breishis 31:35 + 2 times; אֲחַפֵּשׂ Amos 9:3 Tzefania 1:12; imperative (ציווי) חַפְּשׂוּ Melachim Beis 10:23;—

search through, with a direct object, a house Melachim Alef 20:6, Jerusalem (metaphorically) Tzefania 1:12; no object expr. Melachim Beis 10:23.

search for:

a person with a direct object Shmuel Alef 23:23.

a thing, with a direct object Breishis 44:12 (J; Joseph searching for his cup); Breishis 31:35 (E; no object expr., Laban looking for his teraphim); Amos 9:3 (י׳ searching for evildoers), Tehillim 77:7 (soul searching to understand י׳’s dealings with his servants).

future (עתיד) יְחֻפַּשׂ Mishlei 28:12 be searched for = be hidden; participle (בינוני) מְחֻפָּשׂ Tehillim 64:7 in חֵפֶשׂ מ׳ = a searched out search, that is a device well thought out (compare Cheyne; ‖ Qal q.see); see also חֵ֫פֶשׂ.

past (עבר) הִתְחַפֵּשׂ Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:22 (but Septuagint הִתְחַזֵּק, compare also Vulgate Peshitta 3 Esdr 1:26, so Be Öt); future (עתיד) יִתְחַפֵּשׂ Iyov 30:18; וַיִּתְחַפֵּשׂ Shmuel Alef 28:8 + 3 times; infinitive (מקור) absolute הִתְחַפֵּשׂ Melachim Alef 22:30 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:29;—disguise oneself (literally let oneself be searched for) Shmuel Alef 28:8 Melachim Alef 22:30^(×2) = Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:29^(×2), Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:22 (but see above), all of disguise by change of garments; Melachim Alef 20:38 באפר that is with headgear over eyes; subj. לבושׁ Iyov 30:18, that is his garment is disguised, no longer looks like the mantle it is.

חֵ֫פֶשׂ

n.[m.] a (shrewd) device, plot, only in תָּֽמְנוּ ח׳ מְחֻפָּשׂ Tehillim 64:7 (compare חָפַשׂ above)

חָפַשׁ

verb be free—only

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular כִּי לֹא חֻפָּ֑שָׁה Vayikra 19:20, because she was not freed (a freed-woman).

חֹ֫פֶשׁ

n.[m.] very doubtful; only בִּגְדֵי־חֹ֫פֶשׁ לְרִכְבָּה Yechezkel 27:20 wide-spread (?) garments for riding, that is saddle-cloths, according to Gesenius' Thesaurus Smend Co Davidson and elsewhere; but meaning spread for √ purely conject.; Gratz suggests, plausibly, חֵ֫פֶץ (q.see)

חֻפְֿשָׁה

noun (fem.) freedom, only ח׳ לא נִתַּן־לָהּ Vayikra 19:20 freedom had not been given to her.

חָפְשִׁי

adjective free (Mishnaic Hebrew the same)—ח׳ Shemos 21:5 + 10 times + Tehillim 88:6; plural חָפְשִׁים Yeshaya 58:6 + 4 times—

free from slavery: of Hebrew bondslave (male or female) set free in 7th year Shemos 21:2, Shemos 21:5, Devarim 15:12, Devarim 15:13, Devarim 15:18, compare Yirmiya 34:9, Yirmiya 34:10, Yirmiya 34:11, Yirmiya 34:14, Yirmiya 34:16; of slave (male or female) set free on account of injury done Shemos 21:26, Shemos 21:27; עֶבֶד ח׳ מֵאֲדֹנָיו Iyov 3:19 a slave is free from his master (that is in Sheʾôl); but בַּמֵּתִים חָפְשִׁי Tehillim 88:6 among the dead I am free (that is adrift, cut off from Yahweh’s remembrance); more generally, שַׁלַּח רְצוּצִים חָפְשִׁים Yeshaya 58:6 to let oppressed ones go free.

free from taxes, obligations, etc. אֵת בֵּית אָבִיו יַעֲשֶׂה חָפְשִׁי בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל Shmuel Alef 17:25 his father’s house will he make free in Israel.

חֵץ

see under חצץ.

חָצַב

verb hew, hew out, cleave (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Aramaic חֲצַב; SI^4.6 pt. plural החצבם; compare Phoenician מחצב = Hebrew the same)—

past (עבר) חָצֵב Yeshaya 5:2; חָֽצְבָה Mishlei 9:1; חָצַבְתִּי Hoshea 6:5, etc.; future (עתיד) וַיַּחְצֹב Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:10; 2nd masculine singular תַּחְצֹב Devarim 8:9; infinitive (מקור) construct לַחְצֹב Yirmiya 2:13; לַחְצוֹב Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:2; participle (בינוני) active חֹצֵב Yeshaya 10:15 + 4 times; construct חֹצְבִי Yeshaya 22:16; חֹצְבִים Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:2 + 3 times; חֹצְבֵי Melachim Beis 12:13; passive חֲצוּבִים Devarim 6:11 Nechemia 9:25;—

hew out, (dig), wine-vat יֶקֶב Yeshaya 5:2; sepulchre (קֶבֶר) Yeshaya 22:16^(×2); cisterns בֹּרוֹת Devarim 6:11^(×2) Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:10; Nechemia 9:25, compare Yirmiya 2:13; of mining מהרריה תַּח׳ נחשׁת Devarim 8:9 out of its mountains thou mayst hew out copper.

hew stone Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:2; metaphorically of pillars Mishlei 9:1 (subj. wisdom); elsewhere pt., hewer of stone Melachim Beis 12:13; Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:2, Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:15 (see SI^4.6 above); probably Melachim Alef 5:29; Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:1, Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:17 (ח׳ בָּהָר see Be), compare Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:12; Ezra 3:7.

appar. hew wood Yeshaya 10:15 ח׳ בוֹ (that is בְּגַרְזֶן).

metaphorically hew in pieces Hoshea 6:5 figuratively of י׳ attacking people by agency of prophets (‖ הֲרַגְתִּים); divide, cleave subj. י׳’s voice Tehillim 29:7 object להבות אשׁ, that is the thunder of his voice sends forked lightnings (but on text compare Cheyne and crit. n.)

future (עתיד) יֵחָצְבוּן be cut, hewn, graven (words on rock) Iyov 19:24.

past (עבר) חֻצַּבְתֶּם Yeshaya 51:1 figuratively, hewn out of rock (of Isr.’s origin; ‖ נֻקַּר).

participle (בינוני) מַחֲצֶ֫בֶת Yeshaya 51:9 hew in pieces = Qal 3, figuratively of destroying רהב = Egypt (compare Tehillim 89:11).

חָצָה

verb divide (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic حَظِىَ / حُظِىَ is be fortunate, happy with one’s husband or wife, etc., that is have a share in happiness; حَظْوَةٌ a small arrow; Dillmann¹³⁴ puts here Ethiopic ሐጸ: arrow, compare חֵצִי)Qal past (עבר) חָצָה Bamidbar 31:42; וְחָצִיתָ consec. Bamidbar 31:27; וְחָצוּ consec. Shemos 21:35; future (עתיד) יֶחֱצֶה Yeshaya 30:28; וַיַּ֫חַץ Breishis 32:8 + 2 times; וַיֶּחֱצֵם Shoftim 9:43; יֶחֱצוּ Tehillim 55:24; יֶחֱצוּן Shemos 21:35; יֶחֱצוּהוּ Iyov 40:30;—

divide, followed by כסף Shemos 21:35; שׁור v Shemos 21:35 (both ), לִוְיָתָן crocodile Iyov 40:30; prey, מלקוח, Bamidbar 31:27 (P; c. לְ before parts); a company of people Breishis 32:8 (followed by לְ as foregoing), Breishis 33:1 (both J) Shoftim 9:43 (לְ as foregoing) but compare Shoftim 7:16.

(appar. denom. from חֲצִי) Tehillim 55:24 לא יח׳ ימיהם shall not halve their days, that is enjoy even half of the normal number; Yeshaya 30:28 עד צואר יח׳ shall halve unto the neck = shall reach to the neck and so divide the man in half.

future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular apoc. תֵּחָץ Daniel 11:4 be divided (of kingdom), followed by לְ; ולא יֵחָ֫צוּ עוד לשׁני גוים Yechezkel 37:22 (Judah and Isr.); water of Jordan Melachim Beis 2:8, Melachim Beis 2:14.

חָצוֹת

noun (fem.) (infinitive (מקור) form.) division, middle—only construct כַּחֲצֹת הַלַּיְלָה Shemos 11:4—midnight; חֲצוֹת לַיְלָה Iyov 34:20 Tehillim 119:62, where adverb. phr. of time (בְּ om.)

חֲצִי

noun (masc.) ^{Nu 12:12} half (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Phoenician חצי; on format. see Lagarde ^{BN 113})—absolute חֲצִי Melachim Alef 3:25^(×2) + 3 times; הַחֵ֑צִי Melachim Alef 10:7, compare Melachim Alef 16:21; וָחֵ֔צִי Yechezkel 40:42; וָחֵצִי Daniel 12:7 + 13 times (usually c. Pashta or Tiphcha), compare בַּחֵ֖צִי Shmuel Beis 10:4 Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:4; construct חֲצִי Shemos 12:29 + 84 times; with suffix חֶצְיוֹ Shemos 38:4 + 7 times + Yehoshua 8:33 וְהַחֶצְיוֹ (but art. suspicious see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 127 R 3, 4); חֶצְיָהּ Nechemia 3:38; חֶצְיֵנוּ Shmuel Beis 18:3; חֶצְיָם Zecharia 14:8^(×2) + 2 times—

half of anything:—blood of offering Shemos 24:6^(×2), beard Shmuel Beis 10:4, a hin Bamidbar 15:9, Bamidbar 15:10; Bamidbar 28:14; curtain Shemos 26:12; week ח׳ השׁבוע Daniel 9:27 etc.; ח׳ אַמָּה half a cubit Shemos 26:16; Shemos 36:21 +; especially ח׳ שׁבט half a tribe Bamidbar 32:33; Bamidbar 34:13, Bamidbar 34:14, Bamidbar 34:15 +; half of people Shmuel Beis 18:3; Shmuel Beis 19:41; Melachim Alef 16:21^(×3) +, etc. so ח׳ הַמְּנֻחוֹת Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:52 and ח׳ הַמָּנַחְתִּי v Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:54 (see Be and מָנַחַת under נוח).—On כבחצי Shmuel Alef 14:14 see Wellhausen Driver.

middle ח׳ הלילה Shemos 12:29 midnight, so Shoftim 16:3^(×2) Rus 3:8; of garments Shmuel Beis 10:4; Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:4; altar Shemos 27:5; of the Mt. of Olives Zecharia 14:4; ח׳ יָמַי Tehillim 102:25 the midst of my days (when they are but half done), Yirmiya 17:11.

חָצַץ

verb divide (Mishnaic Hebrew make a partition; Assyrian ḫaṣâṣu, cut in two, Zim^{BP 24 n.}; Ethiopic ሐጸጸ: curtail, diminish)—

participle (בינוני) חֹצֵץ intr. Mishlei 30:27 of locusts ויצא ח׳ כלו; that is dividing (themselves) into companies or swarms.

participle (בינוני) מְחַצְצִים see II. חצץ.

past (עבר) מספר חדשׁיו חֻצָּ֑צוּ Iyov 21:21 the number of his months, they have been cut in two (figuratively for curtailed).

חָצָץ

n.[m.] gravel (as divided, comminuted; Aramaic חֲצִיצָא, ܚܨܳܨܳܐ )—only absolute ח׳ Mishlei 20:17; Eicha 3:16 [חֲצָצֶיךָ Tehillim 77:18 see חֵץ].—יִמָּלֵּא־פִיהוּ ח׳ Mishlei 20:17 figuratively of a liar; וַיַּגְרֵס בח׳ שִׁנָּ֑י Eicha 3:16 and he hath crushed my teeth with gravel-stones, figuratively of י׳’s dealings with sufferer.

חֵץ²

noun (masc.) ^{1 S 20:20} arrow, mostly poet. and proph. (compare חֵצִי above under חצה)—absolute ח׳ Tehillim 91:5 + 9 times + Shmuel Alef 17:7 Kesiv (Keri עֵץ q.see); construct the same Melachim Beis 13:17^(×2); with suffix חִצִּי Iyov 34:6, חִצּוֹ Tehillim 58:8 Zecharia 9:14, חִצָּם Tehillim 11:2; Tehillim 64:4; Pl. חִצִּים Breishis 49:23 + 17 times + Shmuel Alef 20:38 Keri (Kesiv חֵ֫צִי q.see) + Shmuel Beis 22:15 (< חִצָּיו ‖ Tehillim 18:15); construct חִצֵּי Iyov 6:4 Tehillim 120:4 + Yechezkel 5:16 (Co חִצַּי compare Septuagint Peshitta Hitzig); חִצַּי Devarim 32:23, Devarim 32:42 (Yechezkel 5:16 see above), חִצֶּיךָ Tehillim 38:3 + 4 times חֲצָצֶיךָ Tehillim 77:18; חִצָּיו Yeshaya 5:28 + 5 times;—

literally, shot from bow by hand Shmuel Alef 20:20, Shmuel Alef 20:21^(×2), Shmuel Alef 20:22 (Septuagint Wellhausen singular, that is הַחֵצִי, in v Shmuel Alef 20:21, Shmuel Alef 20:22, see also Driver) v Shmuel Alef 20:36, Shmuel Alef 20:38 Keri Melachim Beis 19:32 = Yeshaya 37:33, Yeshaya 5:28; Yeshaya 7:24; Yirmiya 50:9, Yirmiya 50:14; Yirmiya 51:11; Yechezkel 39:3, Yechezkel 39:9; Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:2; shot from engine of war Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:15; used in divination Yechezkel 21:26 compare Melachim Beis 13:15^(×2), Melachim Beis 13:17^(×2), Melachim Beis 13:18; בַּעֲלֵי חִצִּים = archers Breishis 49:23.

figuratively of Israel’s weapons Bamidbar 24:8, of the (Messianic) king Tehillim 45:6, of Yahweh’s judgments Devarim 32:23, Devarim 32:42; Iyov 6:4 (compare חִצִּי = my wound Iyov 34:6), Tehillim 7:14; Tehillim 38:3; Tehillim 58:3 (but on text compare Cheyne^{crit. n.}) Tehillim 64:8; Tehillim 120:4 (? compare Cheyne); further Mishlei 7:23; Eicha 3:12; Yechezkel 5:16; in theoph. Tehillim 18:15 = Shmuel Beis 22:15, compare Chavakuk 3:11 Zecharia 9:14 Tehillim 77:18; Tehillim 144:6; of wicked men’s violence Tehillim 11:2 compare Tehillim 91:5, under figuratively of lion’s teeth Tehillim 57:5; their words Tehillim 64:4 compare Mishlei 25:18; Yirmiya 9:8; simile, of strength and efficiency derived from one’s children, Tehillim 127:4; of a deceiver’s words Mishlei 26:18; metaphorically of servant of ח׳ בָּרוּר י׳ Yeshaya 49:2.—In Shmuel Alef 17:7 read עֵץ (for חֵץ) as Keri and ‖ Shmuel Beis 21:19 = the shaft; see עֵץ; so Klostermann Driver

חצצר

see IV. חצר.

חָצֵר

noun (masc.) Yechezkel 40:23 and (oftener) f. ^{1 K 6:36} enclosure, court—absolute ח׳ Melachim Alef 7:8 +, חָצֵרָה Yirmiya 36:20; construct חֲצַר Shemos 27:9 +; with suffix חֲצֵרוֹ Shmuel Beis 17:18; חֲצֵרוֹת Shemos 8:9 + 4 times; construct חַצְרֵי Nechemia 13:7, חַצְרוֹת Melachim Beis 21:5 + 10 times; with suffix חֲצֵרָ֑י Yeshaya 1:12; Zecharia 3:7; חֲצֵרֶיךָ Tehillim 65:5; Tehillim 84:11; חֲצֵרוֹתָ֑י Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:6; חֲצֵרֹחָיו Tehillim 100:4, לְחַצְרוֹתָ֑יו Tehillim 96:8, וּבְחַצְרֹתֵיהֶם Nechemia 8:16;—

enclosures (in Egypt), perhaps court-yards, or cattle-yards, distinct from houses and from fields Shemos 8:9.

court of private house Shmuel Beis 17:18 (containing well), compare Nechemia 8:16; of a palace, חָצֵר הָאַחֶרֶת Melachim Alef 7:8 the other court, immediately surrounding palace, so called in distinct. from (הֶ)ח׳ הַגְּדוֹלָה v Melachim Alef 7:9, Melachim Alef 7:12 the great court, including ח׳ הא׳ and הֶח׳ הַפְּנִימִית of temple (see 3 b) in one great enclosure (see Stade^{Salomos Bauten, journal ZAW 1883, 152f.}); Melachim Beis 20:4 (MSS. Keri old versions The and elsewhere; Kesiv Ke and elsewhere הָעִיר), Yirmiya 36:20 Esther 1:5; Esther 2:11; Esther 4:11; Esther 5:1, Esther 5:2; Esther 6:4^(×2), Esther 6:5; ח׳ מַטָּרָה court of guard, place of (honourable) confinement Yirmiya 32:2 (in king’s house), v Yirmiya 32:8, Yirmiya 32:12; Yirmiya 33:1; Yirmiya 37:21^(×2); Yirmiya 38:6, Yirmiya 38:13, Yirmiya 38:28; Yirmiya 39:14, Yirmiya 39:15. Especially

court of tabernacle חֲצַר הַמִּשְׁכָּן Shemos 27:9, compare v Shemos 27:9, Shemos 27:12, Shemos 27:13 + 24 times Ex (all P; שַׁעַר הֶח׳ gate of the court Shemos 35:17; Shemos 38:15, Shemos 38:18, Shemos 38:31; Shemos 39:40; Shemos 40:8, Shemos 40:33); Vayikra 6:9, Vayikra 6:19; Bamidbar 3:26^(×2) (פֶּתַח הֶח׳), v Bamidbar 3:37; Bamidbar 4:26^(×2) (פֶּתַח שַׁעַר הֶח׳), v Bamidbar 4:32; courts of house of י׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:28.

court(s) of Sol.’s temple, inner c. הֶח׳ הַפְּנִימית Melachim Alef 6:36; Melachim Alef 7:12 (but on text v Stade^l.c.) Yechezkel 8:16; Yechezkel 10:3 compare v Yechezkel 10:4; = upper c. הֶח׳ הָעֶלְיוֹן Yirmiya 36:10 (see Graf), and ח׳ הַכֹּהֲנִים Divrei HaYamim Beis 4:9 (where also הָעֲזָרָה הַגְּדוֹלָה, as often Ezek., also דְּלָתוֹת לָעֲזָרָה); outer court הֶח׳ הַחִיצֹנָה Yechezkel 10:5 = הֶח׳ הַחֲדָשָׁה Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:5; see further Melachim Alef 8:64 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:7, Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:21; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:16; Yirmiya 19:14; Yirmiya 26:2; Yechezkel 8:7; two courts Melachim Beis 21:5 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:5, Melachim Beis 23:12; courts Yechezkel 9:7; Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:12; Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:5; Nechemia 8:1, Nechemia 8:6; Nechemia 13:7; often poet., courts of י׳ Yeshaya 1:12; Yeshaya 62:9 (ח׳ קדשׁי) Zecharia 3:7 Tehillim 65:5; Tehillim 84:3, Tehillim 84:11; Tehillim 96:8; Tehillim 100:4; Tehillim 116:19; Tehillim 135:2.

courts of Ezek.’s temple Yechezkel 40:14 + 38 times Yechezkel 40-46 (of these read הַשַּׁעַר for החצר Yechezkel 40:19, Yechezkel 40:32 with Septuagint Hitzig Co; and החיצון for החצר Yechezkel 41:15 with Septuagint Ewald Co; compare Yechezkel 42:6 הַחִיצֹנוֹת for הַחֲצֵרוֹת); s. תִּיכוֹן on p. 1064.

חָצֵר²

noun (masc.) ^{Ne 11:25} settled abode, settlement, village (Lagarde^l.c.)—always plural, absolute חֲצֵרִים Yehoshua 19:8 + 5 times; construct חַצְרֵי Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:16; Nechemia 12:28; with suffix חֲצֵרֶיהָ Yehoshua 21:12 + 4 times; חַצְרֵיהֶם Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:33 + 6 times; חַצְרֵיהֶן Yehoshua 13:23 + 24 times; Jos;—

settlements of Ishmaelites Breishis 25:16 (P; ‖טִירוֹת circles of tents); of עַוִּים Devarim 2:23; of Kedar Yeshaya 42:11 (‖ עָרִים); בָּתֵּי הַחֲצֵרִים אֲשֶׁר אֵין־לָהֶם חֹמָה סָבִיב Vayikra 25:31, houses of the villages which have no wall about them; מַאֲרַב חֲצֵרִים Tehillim 10:8 lurking-place(s) of villages (that is where oppressor, as a wild beast, watches his opportunity to attack the defenceless). Usually

as dependencies of cities Yehoshua 15:46, with בְּנֹתֶיהָ (see above בַּת 4 p. 123) Yehoshua 15:45, Yehoshua 15:47⁽×2⁾ (all ?); וְכָל־הַח׳ אֲשֶׁר סְבִיבוֹת הֶעָרִים Yehoshua 19:8, also Yehoshua 21:12 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:41, Nechemia 12:29; also Yehoshua 13:23, Yehoshua 13:28; Yehoshua 15:32 + 23 times Jos (all P), Nechemia 11:25, Nechemia 11:30 (‖ בָּנוֹת v Nechemia 11:25, Nechemia 11:27 etc.), Nechemia 12:28.

villages, not contrasted with cities (compare Yeshaya 42:11 above) Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:16, Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:22, Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:25 (all of Levites).

ח׳ appar. incl. all settlements outside of Jerusalem הַח׳ בִּשְׂדֹתָם Nechemia 11:25.—ח׳ in proper name (place) see below (and see Bla on Yehoshua 15:20-32).

חָצֵר הַתִּיכוֹן

proper name (place) Yechezkel 47:16 Septuagint Smend Co חָצֵ֫רָה עינון (q.see); it is described as אֲשֶׁר אֶל־גְּבוּל חַוְרָן; Wetzstein^{ZKW, 1884, see 114} identif. with Ḥaḍar (حَضَر) ‘at the foot of the eastern corner of Hermon.’

חָצוֹר

proper name (place) (Lagarde^{BN 47 f.})—Septuagint Ασωρ, etc.;

a royal city of northern Canaan Yehoshua 11:1 יָבִין מֶלֶךְ־ח׳, compare Yehoshua 12:19, and Shoftim 4:2, Shoftim 4:17; Shmuel Alef 12:9; Yehoshua 11:10^(×2), Yehoshua 11:11, Yehoshua 11:13; Yehoshua 19:36; Melachim Beis 15:29; חָצֹר Melachim Alef 9:15.

places in the Negeb:

Yehoshua 15:23.

Yehoshua 15:25 וחָצוֹר חֲדַתָּה וּקְרִיּוֹת חֶצְרוֹן הִיא חָצוֹר.

חָצוֹר Nechemia 11:33 a Benjamite town, probably = בַּעַל חָצוֹר q.see

מַמְלְכוֹת חָצוֹר אֲשֶׁר הִכָּה נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּו֯ר Yirmiya 49:28, compare v Yirmiya 49:30, Yirmiya 49:33, an Arabian locality, see Winer^{RW Hazor} Graf Giesebrecht.—עֵין ח׳ Yehoshua 19:37, see under עַיִן.

חָצִיר

n.[m.] settled abode or haunt (‖ form of חָצֵר above, or textual error for it);—נְוֵה תַנִּים חָצִיר לִבְנוֹת יַעֲנָה Yeshaya 34:13 a dwelling of jackals (and) a haunt for ostriches; also בִּנְוֵה תַנִּים רִבְצָהּ חָצִיר לְקָנֶה וָגֹ֑מֶא Yeshaya 35:7 an abode, home, of reeds and rushes (so Cheyne Dillmann Duhm and elsewhere; others put this under ii. חָצִיר); Cheyne Duhm think the see mutilated, and would emend this line according to Yeshaya 34:13.

חֶצְרוֹ

(proper name (masc.) compare Sabean proper name (masc.) חצֿר D.H. Müller^{Epigr. Denkm. 56})—one of David’s heroes, called the Carmelite, חצרו Shmuel Beis 23:35 Kesiv (חֶצְרַי Keri; Septuagint Ασαραι) = חֶצְרוֹ Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:37 Septuagint Ησεραι, Ασαραι, Εσρει.

חֶצְרוֹן

proper name (place) et person (compare Sabean חצֿרן proper name (place) vel. trib. Hal^{Noldeke. 651} D.H. Müller^{ZMG 1883, 15})—

proper name (place) Septuagint Ασωρων, Ασερων, Εσρωμ:

חֶצְרוֹן Yehoshua 15:3 place in extreme south of Judah, + אַדָּ֫רָה = חֲצַר־אַדָּר (q.see) Bamidbar 34:4.

קְרִיּוֹת חֶצְרוֹן הִיא חָצוֹר Yehoshua 15:25 another town of Judah in south.

proper name (masc.) Septuagint Ασρωμ(ν), Εσρων, etc.:

חֶצְרֹן son of Reuben Breishis 46:9; Shemos 6:14; Bamidbar 26:6 = חֶצְרוֹן Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:3.

son of Pereṣ and grandson of Judah Breishis 46:12; Bamidbar 26:21 = חֶצְרוֹן Rus 4:18, Rus 4:19; Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:5, Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:9, Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:18, Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:21, Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:24^(×2), Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:25; Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:1.

חֲצֵרוֹת

proper name (place) Septuagint Ασηρωθ, a station of Isr. in wilderness: חֲצֵרוֹת Bamidbar 11:35^(×2); Bamidbar 12:16 = חֲצֵרֹת Bamidbar 33:17, Bamidbar 33:18; Devarim 1:1.

חֲצַרְמָ֫וֶת

proper name (masc.) (Arabic حَضْرَمَوْت, Sabean חצֿרמות, חצֿרמת, Os^{ZMG 1865, 239 ff.} D.H. Müller^{ZMG 1883, 18. 412})—a ‘son’ of יָקְטָן, 5th in order from Shem (שֵׁם, 1. אַרְפַּכְשַׁד; 2. שֶׁלַח; 3. עֵבֶר; 4. יָקְטָן; 5. ח׳) Breishis 10:26 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:20, Septuagint Ασαρ(α)μωθ; = proper nameterr. a district in southern Arabia, where dwelt the Χατραμωτῖται (Strabo ^{xvi. 4. 2}); mod. Ḥaḍramaut (or Ḥaḍramût, see Maltzan^{ZMG 1871, 493} Mordt^{ZMG 1876, 323}, van d. Berg^{p. 9}, see below) is same land, but not quite co-extensive; see Dillmann Breishis 10:26, Ritter ^{Erdkunde xii (Arabien i) 609 ff.}, de Goeje^{Ḥadhr. 1886}, van den Berg^{Ḥadhramout, 1886}, Glaser^{Skizze ii. 20, 423 ff. etc.}; on its precise limits see especially Ritter ^{611 ff.}, de Goeje^l.c. van d. Berg ^{ch. 1}.

חָצִיר²

noun (masc.) ^{Is 15:6} green grass, herbage, absolute חָצִיר Bamidbar 11:5 + 16 times; construct חֲצִיר Yeshaya 37:27 = Melachim Beis 19:26, Tehillim 129:6;—

grass, as food for animals Melachim Alef 18:5; Iyov 40:15 Tehillim 104:14; Tehillim 147:8; Mishlei 27:25 (‖ דֶּשֶׁא and עֵשֶׂב), Yeshaya 15:6 (‖ דֶּשֶׁא and יֶרֶק); spec. of leeks (as still sometimes in Aramaic, see Löw^{pp. 226, 228}) Bamidbar 11:5 (see Dillmann); in simile of abundant growth Yeshaya 44:4 (see Septuagint Ewald Cheyne); on Yeshaya 35:7; see I. חָצִיר above

as type of what is quickly perishing Iyov 8:12, hence figuratively of perishing enemies חֲצִיר גַּגּוֹת Yeshaya 37:27 = Melachim Beis 19:26 (‖ דֶּשֶׁא, עֵשֶׂב), Tehillim 129:6, that is having no depth of root; of wicked, soon to be cut down Tehillim 37:2; with special reference to Israel’s oppressors Yeshaya 40:6 (‖ ציץ [השׂרה]), v Yeshaya 40:7 (‖ the same), v Yeshaya 40:7, Yeshaya 40:8 (‖ the same), Yeshaya 51:12; in simile of frail man Tehillim 90:5; man’s days Tehillim 103:15 (‖ ציץ השׂדה).

חֲצֹצְרָה

noun (fem.) clarion (Mishnaic Hebrew חֲצוֹצֶרֶת, Aramaic חֲצוֹצַרְתָּא)—mostly P and late;—absolute ח׳ Hoshea 5:8; plural absolute חֲצֹצְרוֹת Bamidbar 10:8 + 22 times; חֲצֹצְרֹת Bamidbar 10:9, Bamidbar 10:10; construct the same Bamidbar 31:6; Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:12; חֲצוֹצְרֹת Bamidbar 10:2; clarion:

as secular instr. Hoshea 5:8 (‖ שׁוֹפָר) Melachim Beis 11:14^(×2) = Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:13^(×2).

as sacred instr. Melachim Beis 12:14, especially for use by priests (only P, Tehillim 98 and Chr).

תקע בח׳ (of blowing a single long blast) Bamidbar 10:3, Bamidbar 10:4, Bamidbar 10:7, Bamidbar 10:8, to gather congreg. or נשׂיא׳ together, and, on festivals, over sacrif., ‘to be remembered before י׳,’ v Bamidbar 10:10.

תקע תרועה בח׳, or הריע בח׳ (of sounding alarm,—a series of quick blasts) for camps to move Bamidbar 10:5, Bamidbar 10:6, also in battle, v Bamidbar 10:9, ‘to be remembered before י׳;’ so Bamidbar 31:6; Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:12 (compare v Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:14), both ח׳ התרועה.

especially in Chr’s descriptions of ceremonies at festivals, to express rejoicing: Divrei HaYamim Alef 13:8; Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:28 (‖ קוֹל שׁוֹפָר), Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:6, Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:42; Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:14 (‖ שׁוֹפָר), Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:28; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:26, Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:27; Ezra 3:10; Nechemia 12:35, Nechemia 12:41, Tehillim 98:6 (‖ קוֹל שׁוֹפָר); הָרִים קוֹל בח׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 5:13; מחצצרים בח׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:24; Divrei HaYamim Beis 5:12, Divrei HaYamim Beis 5:13; Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:14; in Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:28 this pt. agrees with noun in sense, and is masculine; and the clarions (= players on the clarions) sounded.—The חֲצֹצְרָה, or (sacred) clarion, was a long, straight, slender metal tube, with flaring end, see Benzinger^{Archäol 277}; distinguished thus from the שׁוֹפָר which was originally a ram’s horn, and probably always retained the horn-shape; the שׁוֹפָר is mentioned constantly in the earlier literally, and was used by watchmen, warriors, etc., as well as priests (see Benzinger^{ib. 276} and שׁוֹפָר).

חֻקָּה

see under חקק.

חֲקוּפָא

proper name (masc.) head of a family of returning exiles Ezra 2:51 = Nechemia 7:52, Septuagint Αφεικα, Αχειφα, Ακουφα, etc.

חָקַק

verb cut in, inscribe, decree (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Aramaic חֲקַק, Zinj. חקק; Phoenician the same participle (בינוני) Hiph.; Arabic حَقَّ be just, right, obligatory, also make or decide to be just, etc.; حَقٌّ justness, truth, necessity, obligation; Ethiopic ሕቅ: adjective moderate, sufficient; compare also חקה)—

וְחַקּוֹתָ֫ Yechezkel 4:1; with suffix חַקֹּתִיךְ Yeshaya 49:16; infinitive (מקור) with suffix בְּחֻקּוֹ Mishlei 8:27; בְּחוּקוֹ Mishlei 8:29 (assim. to בְּשׂוּמוֹ); imperative (ציווי) חֻקָּהּ Yeshaya 30:8; participle (בינוני) חֹקְקִי Yeshaya 22:16 (archaic ending Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 90. 3a) plural חֹקְקִים Yeshaya 10:1; construct חוֹקְקֵי Shoftim 5:9 (poss. Poʿel = מחוקקי with מְ omitted, see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § ^{52 (2), note 6}); participle (בינוני) passive plural חֲקֻקִֿים Yechezkel 23:14 (Co חקוקים);—

cut in, with בְּ, Yeshaya 22:16, of a dwelling-place = tomb, in a rock.

cut in or on, upon, engrave, inscribe, c. על on roll of a book Yeshaya 30:8; representation of city on brick (as in Babylonia) Yechezkel 4:1; images on a wall Yechezkel 23:14; figuratively of Zion’s walls on palms of י׳ Yeshaya 49:16.

trace, mark out, a circle, c. על over the face of deep Mishlei 8:27; with a direct object, foundations of earth v Mishlei 8:29.

of a law, engrave, inscribe (on a tablet), figuratively for enact, decree חקקים חקקי און Yeshaya 10:1 (‖ כתב עמל); חוֹקְקֵי ישׂראל poet. = commanders (see Poʿel) Shoftim 5:9 (‖ מחקקים) v Shoftim 5:14). Poʿel future (עתיד) יְחוֹקְקוּ Mishlei 8:15; participle (בינוני) מְחֹקֵק Breishis 49:10; Bamidbar 21:18; Devarim 33:21; with suffix מְחֹקְקִי Tehillim 60:9; Tehillim 108:9; מְחֹקְקֵנוּ Yeshaya 33:22; plural מְחֹקְקִים Shoftim 5:14;—inscribe (as a law), enact (poet.): with a direct object צֶדֶק Mishlei 8:15 elsewhere pt.

prescriber of laws, hence (as sovereign authority in a warlike clan) commander Devarim 33:21 (of warlike tribe of Gad), Shoftim 5:14; Yeshaya 33:22 (of י׳; ‖ שֹׁפְטֵנוּ, מַלְכֵּנוּ).

commander’s staff Breishis 49:10 (‖ שֵׁבֶט), Bamidbar 21:18 (both poet.), Tehillim 60:9 = Tehillim 108:9.

participle (בינוני) מְחֻקָּק that which is decreed Mishlei 31:5 (late).

future (עתיד) יֻחָ֑קֿוּ Iyov 19:23 inscribed in (בְּ) a book.

חֹק

noun (masc.) ^{Mi 7:11} something prescribed, a statute or due;—ח׳ Breishis 47:22 + 22 times; חָק־ Shemos 30:21 + 14 times; with suffix חֻקִּי Mishlei 30:8 + 3 times; חָקְךָ Vayikra 10:13, Vayikra 10:14 etc. + 4 times sfs.; plural חֻקִּים Devarim 4:5 + 31 times; construct חֻקֵּי Shemos 18:16; חוּקֵּ֯י Yechezkel 20:18; also חִקֲקֵי Shoftim 5:15; Yeshaya 10:1 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 93, 1 R 7); חֻקָּו֯ Iyov 14:5 etc. + 44 times sfs.—

prescribed task, assigned to Isr. in Egypt Shemos 5:14.

prescribed portion, or allowance of food Breishis 47:22^(×2); Mishlei 30:8; Mishlei 31:15; Yechezkel 16:27; מחקי Iyov 23:12 (Revised Version; < Septuagint Vulgate Ol Me Di SS בְּחֵקִי in my bosom).

action prescribed for oneself, resolve: חִקֲקֵי לֵב Shoftim 5:15 resolves of mind ‖ חִקְרֵי לֵב v Shoftim 5:16.

prescribed due of the priests from offerings Vayikra 6:11; Vayikra 10:13^(×2), Vayikra 10:14^(×2); due of י׳ Vayikra 6:15; לח׳ עולם Shemos 29:28; Vayikra 7:34; Vayikra 10:15; Bamidbar 18:8, Bamidbar 18:11, Bamidbar 18:19 (all P), Vayikra 24:9; portion of oil for the תּרומה Yechezkel 45:14.

prescribed limit, boundary: of sea Yirmiya 5:22; Mishlei 8:29; Mishlei 30:8; waters Iyov 26:10; heavens Tehillim 148:6; land of Israel Micha 7:11; of time Iyov 14:5, Iyov 14:13; so פָּֽעֲרָה פִיהָ לִבְלִי חֹ֑ק Yeshaya 5:14 She’ôl openeth wide her mouth, without limit.

enactment, decree, ordinance of either God or man:

specific decree: law of fifth in Egypt Breishis 47:26; of passover Shemos 12:24; lament for Jephthah’s daughter Shoftim 11:39; for Josiah Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:25; חק ומשׁפט Shemos 15:25; Yehoshua 24:25 (both E), Shmuel Alef 30:25; חק עולם Shemos 30:21; ‖ עֵדוּת, מִשְׁפָּט Tehillim 81:5, Tehillim 81:6 (law of a festival).

of י׳ in nature Iyov 28:26.

respecting Mess. king Tehillim 2:7; day of י׳ Tzefania 2:2 Masoretic Text, but on text see Wellhausen and טֶרֶם (p. 382); covenant with Jacob Tehillim 105:10 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:17; destiny of man Iyov 23:14.

law in general עלי חק according to law, right Tehillim 94:20 (others against law); לַמֵּד ח׳ ומשׁפט Ezra 7:10; ‖ בּרית and תורות Yeshaya 24:5; ‖ עדות Tehillim 99:7.

plural חֻקִּים enactments, statutes of a law:

of י׳ in nature Yirmiya 31:36.

of the prophets Zecharia 1:6.

conditions of deed of purchase Yirmiya 32:11.

enactments ‖ מִשְׁפָּטִים: ancestral Yechezkel 20:18; given by God as punishment for disobedience Yechezkel 20:25.

decrees of unjust judges חִקֲקֵי־אָוֶן Yeshaya 10:1.

civil enactments prescribed by God: חֻקֵּי האלהים Shemos 18:16 (E; ‖ תּוֹרֹתָיו), v Shemos 18:20 (E; ‖ the same)

elsewhere of prescriptions of the several codes of Hexateuch: Vayikra 10:11; Bamidbar 30:17, Devarim 4:6; Devarim 6:24; Devarim 16:12 Tehillim 119:5 + 20 times, Malachi 3:7; ‖ תּוֹרַת י׳ Amos 2:4; ח׳ ותורות Tehillim 105:45; דברי הת׳ והח׳ Devarim 17:19; ‖ ברית Tehillim 50:16; ח׳ וברית ועדות Melachim Beis 17:15; usually either ‖ משׁפטים Devarim 4:1, Devarim 4:5, Devarim 4:8, Devarim 4:14; Devarim 5:1; Devarim 11:32; Devarim 12:1; Devarim 26:16, Melachim Alef 9:4 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:17, Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:13; Yechezkel 11:12; Yechezkel 36:27, or else ח׳ ומשׁפטים combined with others synon. (usually preceding): for example דבר(ים) Tehillim 147:19; תורה Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:8; Malachi 3:22; מצוה Devarim 5:25; Devarim 6:1; Devarim 7:11; מצות Nechemia 1:7; Melachim Alef 8:58; מצוה, תורה Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:10; עֵדֹת Devarim 4:45; Devarim 6:20; sometimes following: for example תורות Vayikra 26:46; מצוה, תורה Melachim Beis 17:37; or in different order, for example מ׳ ותורות ח׳ ומצות Nechemia 9:13; מצות ומ׳ וח׳ Nechemia 10:30; ח׳ ומצות ומ׳ Devarim 26:17. Apart from משׁפטים it is combined with מצות, for example מ׳ וח׳ Shemos 15:26, Devarim 27:10; ח׳ ומ׳ Devarim 4:40; Melachim Alef 3:14; Melachim Alef 8:61; מ׳ וח׳ ותורה Nechemia 9:14; מ׳ ועדות וח׳ Devarim 6:17; Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:19; Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:31; דברי מ׳ וח׳ Ezra 7:11; it is used c. vbs.: נתן Vayikra 26:46 + 3 times; צוּה Bamidbar 30:17 + 9 times; למּד Devarim 4:1 + 10 times; שׁמר Devarim 26:17 + 16 times; עשׂה Devarim 6:24 + 5 times; שׁמר לעשׂות Devarim 11:32 + 4 times; הלך בְּ Melachim Alef 8:61 + 3 times—[On usage of חֹק see חֻקָּה ad fin.]

חֻקָּה²

noun (fem.) ^{Ex 13:10} something prescribed, enactment, statute;—ח׳ Bamidbar 9:14 + 2 times; construct חֻקַּת Shemos 12:14 + 28 times; plural חֻקּוֹת Yirmiya 5:24 + 12 times; חֻקֹּת Vayikra 20:23; Yirmiya 31:35; with suffix חֻקּוֹתַי Breishis 26:5 + 14 times; חֻקֹּתַי Vayikra 18:4 + 21 times etc.;—

singular statute, of special ritual laws: of passover Shemos 13:10; elsewhere only in P (and H), חקת הפסח Shemos 12:43; Bamidbar 9:12, Bamidbar 9:14; ח׳ התורה Bamidbar 19:2; Bamidbar 31:21; ח׳ משׁפט Bamidbar 27:11; Bamidbar 35:29; ח׳ עולם Shemos 12:14, Shemos 12:17; Shemos 27:21; Shemos 28:43; Shemos 28:29;Shemos 28:9; Vayikra 3:17; Vayikra 10:9; Vayikra 16:29, Vayikra 16:31, Vayikra 16:34; Vayikra 23:21, Vayikra 23:31; Vayikra 24:3; Bamidbar 10:8; Bamidbar 15:15; Bamidbar 18:23; Bamidbar 19:10, Bamidbar 19:21 (all P), Vayikra 17:7; Vayikra 23:14, Vayikra 23:41; חֻקָּה אַחַת לַגֵּר ולאזרח Bamidbar 9:14; Bamidbar 15:15.

plural statutes:

of nature ח׳ שׁמים Iyov 38:33; Yirmiya 33:25; of moon and stars Yirmiya 31:35; of weeks of harvest Yirmiya 5:24.

figuratively of a firmly established custom ח׳ עמרי Micha 6:16; ח׳ הגוי(ם) Vayikra 20:23; Melachim Beis 17:8; ח׳ העמים Yirmiya 10:3; idolatry ח׳ ישׂראל Melachim Beis 17:19; sexual offences Vayikra 18:30.

ח׳ דוד statutes of David Melachim Alef 3:3.

‖ משׁפטים Shmuel Beis 22:23 = Tehillim 18:23 (of the law known to David); ‖ מצות Tehillim 89:32; ברית וח׳ Melachim Alef 11:11; elsewhere of the prescriptions of the codes of D, H, P, Ez: usually חקות ומשׁפטים Vayikra 18:5, Vayikra 18:26; Vayikra 19:37; Vayikra 20:22, Vayikra 25:18; Bamidbar 9:3, Melachim Alef 11:33 Yechezkel 5:7; Yechezkel 11:20; Yechezkel 18:9; Yechezkel 20:11, Yechezkel 20:13, Yechezkel 20:19, Yechezkel 20:21; preceded by מצות Devarim 30:16; followed by מצות Vayikra 26:15, Devarim 11:1; Melachim Alef 6:12; תורה ומצוה Melachim Beis 17:34; or else משׁפטים וחקות Vayikra 18:4; Vayikra 26:43, Yechezkel 5:6^(×2); Yechezkel 18:17; Yechezkel 20:16, Yechezkel 20:24; Yechezkel 37:24; preceded by מצות Devarim 8:11; in diff. order, ח׳ מצות ומ׳ ועדות Melachim Alef 2:3; frequently also ח׳ ומצות Vayikra 26:3, Devarim 6:2; Melachim Alef 11:38; Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:19; or מצות (ו)ח׳ Devarim 10:13; Devarim 28:15, Devarim 28:45; Devarim 30:10; Melachim Alef 9:6; Melachim Alef 11:34; Yechezkel 43:11 (Co), Melachim Beis 17:13; following by תורות Breishis 26:5; מצות ועדות וח׳ Melachim Beis 23:3; תורה וח׳ Yirmiya 44:10; ותורה וח׳ ועדות Yirmiya 44:23; ח׳ ותורות Yechezkel 44:5; Yechezkel 43:11 (Co); תורות יח׳ Yechezkel 44:24; special ordinances are ח׳ המזבח Yechezkel 43:18; ח׳ בית י׳ Yechezkel 44:5; ח׳ חיים Yechezkel 33:15 (which are life to those who keep them); ח׳ עולם תמיד (Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate Talm Co del. עולם) Yechezkel 46:14.

phrases of obedience are הלך ב׳ Vayikra 18:3; Vayikra 20:23; Vayikra 26:3, Melachim Alef 3:3; Melachim Alef 6:12; Melachim Beis 17:8, Melachim Beis 17:19; Yirmiya 44:10, Yirmiya 44:23; Yechezkel 5:6, Yechezkel 5:7; Yechezkel 11:20; Yechezkel 18:9, Yechezkel 18:17; Yechezkel 20:13, Yechezkel 20:16, Yechezkel 20:19, Yechezkel 20:21; Yechezkel 33:15; שׁמר Vayikra 18:4, Vayikra 18:5, Vayikra 18:26; Vayikra 19:19, Vayikra 19:37; Vayikra 20:8, Vayikra 20:22, Breishis 26:5, Devarim 6:2; Devarim 8:11; Devarim 10:13; Devarim 11:1; Devarim 28:45; Devarim 30:10, Devarim 30:16; Melachim Alef 2:3; Melachim Alef 9:6; Melachim Alef 11:11, Melachim Alef 11:34, Melachim Alef 11:38; Melachim Beis 17:13; Melachim Beis 23:3; Yechezkel 18:19, Yechezkel 18:21; Yechezkel 37:24; Yechezkel 43:11; Yechezkel 44:24; עשׂה Vayikra 25:18, Devarim 28:15; Melachim Alef 11:33; עשׂה כח׳ Melachim Beis 17:34; בח׳ אֶשְׁתַּעֲשָׁ֑ע Tehillim 119:16; phrases of disobedience are מאס ח׳ Yechezkel 20:24 מאס בח׳ Vayikra 26:15; געל Vayikra 26:43; עזב Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:19; חלל Tehillim 89:32.—[חֹק and חֻקָּה differ somewhat in shade of meaning and frequency in various writings: for example חֹק oftener in Jb ψ Pr (חֻקָּה not at all Pr, once Jb), and in Chr (חֻקָּה only Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:19); חֻקָּה often in K, rarely in Hexateuch. except in P; in proph., חֹק occurs Amos 2:4; Yeshaya 5:14; Yeshaya 24:5; Micha 7:11; Je 3 times, Ez 6 times, חֻקָּה only Ez, Je (6 times) and Micha 6:16; חֻקִּים especially in Dt and Tehillim 119, חֻקּוֹת especially in H, Ez and sometimes (8 times) Dt; חֹק עוֹלָם usually = due, חֻקַּת ע׳ much more often statute, ordinance, etc.]

חוּקֹק²

proper name (place) only Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:60, probably error for חֶלְקַת (q.see) Yehoshua 19:25; Yehoshua 21:31.

חָקַר

verb search (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Niph. passive, Aramaic חֲקַר)—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular with suffix וַחֲקָרוֹ consec. Mishlei 18:17; חֲקָרָהּ Iyov 28:27; וְחָֽקַרְתָּ֫ Devarim 13:15 etc.; future (עתיד) יַחְקֹר Iyov 13:19; יַחֲקָר־ Tehillim 44:22; יַחְקְרֶנּוּ Mishlei 28:11; אֶחְקֹר Shmuel Alef 20:12; תַּחְקְרוּן Iyov 32:11; נַחְקֹ֑רָה Eicha 3:40 etc.; imperative (ציווי) חָקְרֵנִי Tehillim 139:23; חִקְרוּ Shoftim 18:2; infinitive (מקור) חֲקֹר Shmuel Beis 10:3 + 2 times; לַחְקוֹר Mishlei 23:30; לְחָקְרָהּ Shoftim 18:2;—

search (for), followed by direct object Mishlei 23:30; Iyov 32:11; absolute וְדָרַשְׁתָּ֫ וְחָקַרְתָּ֫ וְשָׁאַלְתָּ֫ הֵיטֵיב Devarim 13:15; literally Yechezkel 39:14 (that is for bones unburied).

search through, explore, literally, object הארץ Shoftim 18:2 (‖ רַגֵּל) v Shoftim 18:2, Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:3 (‖ the same); city העיר Shmuel Beis 10:3 (‖ the same), of mining Iyov 28:3; search out a subject or matter Iyov 5:27; Iyov 28:27; Mishlei 25:2 Tehillim 44:22.

search a man, find out his sentiments (Authorized Version sound him) Shmuel Alef 20:12.

of י׳ searching man, with a direct object Tehillim 139:1 (‖ ידע), v Tehillim 139:23 (‖ the same) Iyov 13:9, compare Yirmiya 17:10 (object לֵב).

of examining thoroughly, so as to expose weakness in a case Iyov 29:16; Mishlei 18:17, compare Mishlei 28:11; so of self-examination ח׳ דרכים Eicha 3:40 (‖ חפשׂ).

past (עבר) נֶחְקַר Melachim Alef 7:47; Divrei HaYamim Beis 4:18; future (עתיד) יֵחָקֵר Yirmiya 46:23; יֵחָֽקְרוּ Yirmiya 31:37 be searched out, found out, ascertained, Melachim Alef 7:47; Divrei HaYamim Beis 4:18 (weight of the bronze used in temple utensils), of forest Yirmiya 46:23; searched out, Yirmiya 31:37 subj. מוסדי־ארץ.

past (עבר) חִקֵּר Koheles 12:9 he sought out many proverbs (מְשָׁלִים; ‖ אִזֵּן).

חֵ֫קֶר

noun (masc.) ^{Ju 5:16} searching, thing (to be) searched out;—absolute הֵ֫קֶר Iyov 5:9 + 8 times; construct the same Mishlei 25:27 + 2 times; plural construct חִקְרֵי Shoftim 5:16;—חִקְרֵי לֵב Shoftim 5:16 searchings, questionings of heart; Iyov 11:7 canst thou reach ח׳ אֱלוֹהַּ that is what is to be explored in him, the whole range of his nature, so ח׳ תהום Iyov 38:16 the range of the deep; especially אֵין ח׳ that is it is unsearchable Iyov 5:9; Iyov 9:10 Tehillim 145:3 Mishlei 25:3 Yeshaya 40:28, compare לא ח׳ Iyov 34:24; Iyov 36:26; ח׳ אבותם Iyov 8:8 that is thing searched out by their fathers.

חֹר²

see ii. חור; ii, iii חֹר, חֻר see ii, iii חרר.

חָרֵב

verb be dry, dried up (compare יָבֵשׁ) (Aramaic חֲרוֹב be dry, חוּרְבָּא drought);—

past (עבר) 3rd plural חָֽרְבוּ Breishis 8:13^(×2), Yeshaya 19:6; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יֶחֱרַב Hoshea 13:15 + 2 times, וַיֶּחֱרָ֑ב Tehillim 106:9; imperative (ציווי) fs. חֳרָ֑בִי Yeshaya 44:27;—be dry, dried up:

of ground, be freed from waters of flood ח׳ פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה Breishis 8:13.

of waters, be dried up, taken away; of waters of flood Breishis 8:13; of Nile וְנָהָר יֶחֱרַב וְיָבֵשׁ Yeshaya 19:5 (‖ וְנִשְּׁתוּ־מַיִם מֵהַיָּם), see same combination Iyov 14:11 (‖ אָֽזְלוּ מַיִם מִנִּי־יָם); Yeshaya 19:6 (‖ דָּֽלֲלוּ) Yeshaya 44:27 (‖ הוֹבִישׁ); of Red Sea Tehillim 106:9; figuratively of Ephraim’s freshness and vigour Hoshea 13:15.

past (עבר) 3rd plural לֹא חֹרָ֑בוּ Shoftim 16:7, Shoftim 16:8, of fresh bow-strings (of gut, see Bla).

past (עבר) הֶחֱרִיב Nachum 1:4, of י׳’s drying up rivers (‖ וַיַּבְּשֵׁהוּ), perhaps also Yeshaya 11:15 (for Masoretic Text החרים) see Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate Targum; וְהַחֲרַבְתִּ֫י the Euphrates Yirmiya 51:36 (‖ הוֹבַשְׁתִּי); future (עתיד) אַחֲרִיב יָם Yeshaya 50:2, subj. י׳, I dry up a sea (‖ אָשִׂים נְהָרוֹת מִדְבָּר); אַחְרִב Yeshaya 37:25 = אַחֲרִב Melachim Beis 19:24, of king of Assyria drying up rivers of Egypt; participle (בינוני) fs. הַמַּחֲרֶבֶת Yeshaya 51:10 of י׳’s arm drying up (Red) Sea.

חָרֵב²

adjective dry, only fs. חֲרֵבָה Vayikra 7:10 of meal-offering not moistened (with oil; P); פַּת־חֲרֵבָה Mishlei 17:1 a dry morsel.

חֹ֫רֶב

noun (masc.) ^{Breishis 31:40} dryness, drought, heat, absolute ח׳ Breishis 31:40 + 11 times + Devarim 28:22 (for Masoretic Text חֶרֶב; see Dillmann, followed by Vulgate; Septuagint and SeptuagintL om.);—

dryness Shoftim 6:37, Shoftim 6:39, Shoftim 6:40 (all of absence of dew); Yirmiya 50:38 (‖ יָבֵשׁ); so read also Zecharia 11:17 (for Masoretic Text חֶרֶב, see v b and Stade^{journal ZAW i. 1881, 29}), a drying up upon his arm (i. e. a withering) and upon his right eye.

drought Chaggai 1:11 + Devarim 28:22 see above

parching heat (of sun) Breishis 31:40 (opposite קֶ֫רַח), Yirmiya 36:30 (opposite the same); Yeshaya 4:6; Yeshaya 25:4, Yeshaya 25:5^(×2) of fever Iyov 30:30.

חָֽרָבָה

noun (fem.) dry ground;—absolute ח׳ Breishis 7:22 + 7 times; opposite הַיָּם Shemos 14:21. Chaggai 2:6; compare Breishis 7:22; opposite water of Jordan Yehoshua 3:17^(×2), Yehoshua 4:18, Melachim Beis 2:8; of Nile-arms וְנָתַתִּ֫י יְאֹרִים ח׳ Yechezkel 30:12.

חָרֵב³

be waste, desolate (Mishnaic Hebrew חָרֵב the same; Aramaic חֲרוֹב, ܚܪܰܒ be laid waste; Zinj. חרב adjective; Arabic خَرِبَ be in ruins, waste, depopulated; Assyrian ḫarâbu, be waste, Delitzsch^{Pr 175}, ḫuribtu, desert, Lotz^TP);—Qal future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תֶּחֱרַ֔ב Yirmiya 26:9, תֶּחֱרָ֔ב Yeshaya 34:10; 3rd masculine plural יֶחֶרְבוּ Yechezkel 6:6, יֶחֱרָ֑בוּ Amos 7:9 Yeshaya 60:12; Yeshaya 60:3 fpl. תֶּחֱרַבְנָה Yechezkel 6:2; Yechezkel 12:20; imperative (ציווי) חֳרָבִי Yeshaya 44:27, חָרְבוּ (so, not חָֽרְבוּ—Theile—see Konig^{i. 244}) Yirmiya 2:12; infinitive (מקור) absolute חָרֹב Yeshaya 60:12;—be waste, desolate; of sanctuaries of Isr. Amos 7:9 (‖ נָשַׁמּוּ), of altars Yechezkel 6:6; of cities Yirmiya 26:9; Yechezkel 6:6; Yechezkel 12:20 (‖ שׁמם); of nations Yeshaya 34:10, חָרֹב יֶחֱרָ֑בוּ Yeshaya 60:12 (‖ יֹאבֵדוּ); figuratively, in address to the heavens חָרְבוּ מְאֹד Yirmiya 2:12—(‖ שֹׁמּוּ, וְשַׂעֲרוּ), be very desolate (at sins of Isr.); others, be amazed, astounded (on relation of meanings see שׁמם). Niph. participle (בינוני) f. נֶחֱרֶבֶת Yechezkel 26:19 as adjective, desolate city, that is uninhabited, see context; נַחֲרָבוֹת Yechezkel 30:7 of desolate countries (‖ נָשַׁמּוּ). Hiph. past (עבר) הֶחֱרִיב Yechezkel 19:7; 1st singular הֶחֱרַבְתִּי Tzefania 3:6; 3rd plural הֶחֱרִיבוּ Yeshaya 37:18 Melachim Beis 19:17; future (עתיד) 1st singular אַחֲרִיב Yeshaya 42:15; participle (בינוני) מַחֲרִיב Shoftim 16:24; plural c. with suffix מַחֲרִיבַיִךְ Yeshaya 49:17;—lay waste, make desolate, human subj.; nations and lands Yeshaya 37:18 = Melachim Beis 19:17, Yeshaya 42:15, compare pt. Yeshaya 49:17 (‖ מְהָֽרְסַיִךְ); add probably with Wellhausen Amos 4:9 (הֶחֱרַבְתִּי for the untranslateable הַרְבּוֹת) I have devastated your gardens and vineyards; pt. Shoftim 16:24 desolater of our country (‖ הִרְבָּה אֶת־חֲלָלֵ֑נוּ); object cities Yechezkel 19:7; streets Tzefania 3:6 (‖ נָשַׁמּוּ). Hoph. past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular הָחֳרָ֑בָה Yechezkel 26:2 she is laid waste, of a city; participle (בינוני) מָחֳרָבוֹת Yechezkel 29:12 laid waste, of cities (‖ שׁמם).

חָרֵב⁴

adjective waste, desolate;—ms. absolute ח׳ Yirmiya 33:10 + 5 times; fs. חֲרֵבָה Nechemia 2:3 + 2 times; fpl. הֶחֳרֵבוֹת Yechezkel 36:35, Yechezkel 36:38 (see Konig^{i. 241});—of a city, defined מֵאֵין אָדָם וּמֵאֵין בְּהֵמָה Yirmiya 33:10, compare v Yirmiya 33:12; also Nechemia 2:3, Nechemia 2:17; הֶעָרִים הֶחֳרֵבוֹת Yechezkel 36:35 (+ הַנְשַׁמּוֹת, הַנֶּהֱרָסוֹת; opposite בְּצוּרוֹת יָשָׁ֑בוּ), Chaggai 1:4, Chaggai 1:9 (בַּיִת).

חֹ֫רֶב²

n.[m.] desolation;—עָרֵי ח׳ Yeshaya 61:4 cities of desolation (‖ שֹׁמֲמוֹת, and, in v a, חָרְבוֹת); compare Tzefania 2:14 (but read עֹרֵב, Septuagint Wellhausen and elsewhere) Yirmiya 49:13; מִצְרַיִם חָרְבוֹת ח׳ Yechezkel 29:10 Egypt shall be wastes of desolation (but Septuagint Vulgate Co wastes of the sword, חֶרֶב for חֹרֶב); + Yechezkel 38:8 Co, who reads מֵחֹרֶב (or מֵחָרְבָּה).

חֹרֵב

proper namemont. Horeb (waste, desert)—Septuagint Χωρηβ (see Lagarde^{BN 85}); אֶל־הַר הָאֱלֹהִים חֹרֵ֑בָה Shemos 3:1, compare עַד הַר הָאֱלֹהִים חֹרֵב Melachim Alef 19:8; הַצּוּר בִּחֹרֵב Shemos 17:6, הַר חוֹרֵב Shemos 33:6 (both E); מֵחֹרֵב, בְּחֹרֵב Devarim 1:2, Devarim 1:6, Devarim 1:19; Devarim 4:10, Devarim 4:15; Devarim 5:2; Devarim 9:8; Devarim 18:16; Devarim 28:69; Melachim Alef 8:9 Divrei HaYamim Beis 5:10 Tehillim 106:19 Malachi 3:22; the sacred mountain of the wilderness, no geograph. diff. from סִינַי discoverable, but synonym of it in E and (especially) D (except poem Devarim 33:2; vid. סִינַי P).

חָרְבָּה

noun (fem.) waste, desolation, ruin;—absolute ח׳ Vayikra 26:31 + 15 times + Yechezkel 38:8 (del. Peshitta Co) + Yechezkel 38:12 חרבה Septuagint Co for חרבות; plural חֳרָבוֹת Tehillim 9:7 + 11 times (Yechezkel 38:12, compare above); construct חָרְבוֹת Yeshaya 5:17 + 7 times; with suffix חָרְבֹתַיִךְ Yeshaya 49:19; חָרְבֹתָיו Ezra 9:9; חָרְבֹתֶיהָ Yeshaya 51:3; חָרְבוֹתֶיהָ Yeshaya 44:26; חָרְבוֹתֵיהֶם Tehillim 109:10 + Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:6 (compare חֶרֶב and below); (chiefly mid. and late Hebrew Yeshaya 2 8 times; Je 10 times Ez 14 times—incl. Yechezkel 38:8, q. del. Co);—

waste, ruin, of cities of Israel Vayikra 26:31, Vayikra 26:33; Judah Yeshaya 44:26; Yeshaya 49:19 (‖ שֹׁמְמֹת), Yeshaya 58:12 (בנה), Yirmiya 25:18; Yirmiya 27:17; Yirmiya 44:2, Yirmiya 44:6 Yechezkel 5:14; ruins of Jerusalem Yeshaya 52:9 Daniel 9:2; also Yechezkel 35:4; compare Malachi 1:4 (c. בנה), Yechezkel 36:10 (c. בנה) v Yechezkel 36:33 (the same); Egypt Yechezkel 29:9, Yechezkel 29:10 (in both ‖ שְׁמָמָה; חרבות חֹרֶב in v Yechezkel 29:10); ruin of temple Ezra 9:9; = ruined dwellings Tehillim 109:10; compare Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:6, where read perhaps בְּחָרְבֹתֵיהֶם for בּחר בתיהם (see חֶרֶב under III. חרב); Yirmiya 22:5; in generally ruins (si vera l., see Dillmann; object of בנה) Iyov 3:14; כוס ח׳ Tehillim 102:7 an owl of a ruin.

of land: waste place amid ruins Yeshaya 5:17, compare Yeshaya 51:3 (‖ מִדְבָּר, עֲרָבָה); land a desolation Yirmiya 7:34; Yirmiya 44:22 Yechezkel 25:13 (Edom) Yirmiya 25:11 Yeshaya 64:10 and Yechezkel 33:24, Yechezkel 33:27 (of Judah), compare Yechezkel 13:4, כְּשֻׁעָלִים בח׳ simile of the prophets; הח׳ הַשֹּׁמֵמוֹת Yechezkel 36:4 (of Israel); of desolation of enemies of Isr. Tehillim 9:7 (ח׳ לָנֶ֫צַח); ח׳ עולם = old ruins Yeshaya 61:4 (c. בנה); elsewhere perpetual ruin, desolation Yirmiya 25:9; Yirmiya 49:13 (cities of Bosra); ה׳ מעולם Yechezkel 26:20 (simile of Tyre) plural חֲרָבוֹת deserts (?) Yeshaya 48:21.

חָרַב

verb (Aramaic and rare) attack, smite down (compare Arabic حَرَبَ plunder, iii. wage war with, vi. fight together, حَرْبٌ war, battle; Syriac ܚܪܰܒ smith, slay)—

imperative (ציווי) ms. חֲרֹב Yirmiya 50:21 attack (+ וְהַחֲרֵם אַחֲרֵיהֶם); mpl. חִרְבוּ v Yirmiya 50:27 object כָּל־פָּרֶיהָ, figuratively of men of Babylon.

past (עבר) 3rd plural נֶחֶרְבוּ המלכים (see Hoph.) הָחֳרֵב Melachim Beis 3:23 the kings have attacked one another, fought together (‖ וַיַּכּוּ אִישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵהוּ).

infinitive (מקור) absolute Melachim Beis 3:23, see Niph., but read perhaps הֵחָרֵב, compare Driver Vayikra 19:20, note.

חֶ֫רֶב

noun (fem.) Yeshaya 21:15 sword (as weapon; Aramaic חַרְבָּא, ܚܰܪܒܳܐ, Zinj. חרב; Arabic حَرْبَةٌ dart, javelin) —absolute חֶ֫רֶב Breishis 3:24 +; חָ֑רֶב Shemos 17:13 +; construct חֶ֫רֶב Devarim 33:29 +; with suffix חַרְבִּי Shemos 15:9 + 13 times; חַרְבְּךָ Breishis 27:40 + 7 times; חַרְבֶּ֑ךָ Shmuel Alef 17:33 Tehillim 17:13; חַרְבּוֹ Bamidbar 22:23 + 24 times; חַרְבְּכֶם Yirmiya 2:30 Yechezkel 33:26; חַרְבָּם Tehillim 37:15; Tehillim 44:4; plural חֲרָבוֹת Yeshaya 21:15 + 5 times; construct חַרְבוֹת Yehoshua 5:2 + 2 times; with suffix חַרְבוֹתָיו Yechezkel 26:9; חַרְבוֹתָם Yeshaya 2:4 + 5 times; חַרְבֹתֵיהֶם Micha 4:3 + 2 times;—

sword, as weapon of war Breishis 48:22, Shoftim 7:14, Shoftim 7:20 Shmuel Alef 21:9, and so in all periods; two-edged (short) sword ח׳ וְלָהּ שְׁנֵי פֵיוֹ֖ת גֹּמֶד אָרְכָּהּ Shoftim 3:16, compare ח׳ פִּיּוֹת Mishlei 5:4 (in simile), ח׳ פִּיפִיּוֹת Tehillim 149:6; see also צוּר ח׳ edge of sword Tehillim 89:44.

gird on sword = חָגַר הח׳ Shmuel Alef 17:39; Shmuel Alef 25:13^(×3) Tehillim 45:4 (ח׳ הח׳ עַל יָרֵך), שִׂים על ירך Shemos 32:27, compare especially Shmuel Beis 20:8.

draw the sword הֵרִיק הח׳ Shemos 15:9 Vayikra 26:33 Yechezkel 5:2, Yechezkel 5:12; Yechezkel 12:14; Yechezkel 28:7, הוציא הח׳ Yechezkel 21:8, Yechezkel 21:10, פתח הח׳ Tehillim 37:14 Yechezkel 21:33, נטשׁ Yeshaya 21:15 (Gratz Cheyne לטשׁ see below); usually שׁלף הח׳ Bamidbar 22:23, Bamidbar 22:31 Yehoshua 5:13 Shoftim 3:22; Shoftim 8:10, Shoftim 8:20; Shoftim 9:54 Shmuel Alef 17:51; Shmuel Alef 31:4 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 10:4; Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:16, and as characteristic of warriors שֹׁלֵף ח׳ Shoftim 20:2, Shoftim 20:15, Shoftim 20:17, Shoftim 20:25, Shoftim 20:35, Shoftim 20:46 Shmuel Beis 24:9 Melachim Beis 3:26, Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:5^(×2); וַתִּדְבַּק יָדוֹ אֶל־הַח׳ Shmuel Beis 23:10, ins. also in ‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:13 (Driver).

whet, sharpen the sword לטשׁ הח׳ Tehillim 7:13 (compare Yeshaya 21:15 above), but also שׁנן Devarim 32:41 compare Tehillim 64:4, הוּחַדָּה Yechezkel 21:14, Yechezkel 21:16.

put up the sword into the sheath הֵשִׁיב הח׳ אֶל־נְדָנָהּ Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:27 (sheath of sword is elsewhere תַּעַר Shmuel Alef 17:51 Shmuel Beis 20:8 Yirmiya 47:6 Yechezkel 21:8).

slay with sword הרג בח׳ Yehoshua 10:11; Yehoshua 13:22 +; in ימותו אנשׁים Shmuel Alef 2:33, insert בְּחֶרֶב before אנשׁים Septuagint Wellhausen Driver; rarely הכה בח׳ Yehoshua 11:10 Melachim Beis 19:37 = Yeshaya 37:38; very often הִכָּה לְפִי־ח׳ smite according to the mouth of the sword that is as the sword can devour (Shmuel Beis 2:26; Shmuel Beis 11:25) = without quarter Bamidbar 21:24 Devarim 13:16; Devarim 20:13 Yehoshua 11:11, Yehoshua 11:12, Yehoshua 11:14 (all D) Shoftim 18:27; Shoftim 21:10 Melachim Alef 10:25 Iyov 1:15, Iyov 1:17; also c. העיר as sole object Yehoshua 8:24; Yehoshua 10:28, Yehoshua 10:30, Yehoshua 10:32, Yehoshua 10:35, Yehoshua 10:37, compare v Yehoshua 10:39; Yehoshua 19:47 Shoftim 1:8, Shoftim 1:25; Shoftim 20:37 Shmuel Alef 22:19^(×2) Shmuel Beis 15:14; הרג לפי־ח׳ †Breishis 34:26; החרים לפי־ח׳ Devarim 13:16 (incl. הָעִיר in object), Yehoshua 6:21 Shmuel Alef 15:8, חלשׁ לפי־ח׳ †Shemos 17:13; נפל לפי־ח׳ Yehoshua 8:24 Shoftim 4:16; וַיָּהָם י׳ … לפי־ח׳ Shoftim 4:15;—(לפי־ח׳ is chiefly in Jos and Ju (21 times), in Hexat. only JED; but Jb post-ex.).

אכלה הח׳ etc., of the sword as devouring:—תֹּאכֵל חַרְבִּי בָשָׂר Devarim 32:42 (poet.), Shmuel Beis 2:26; Shmuel Beis 11:25; Shmuel Beis 18:8 Yeshaya 1:20 Yirmiya 2:30 Yirmiya 46:10, Yirmiya 46:14 Nachum 2:14.

slain by sword is חֲלַל־ח׳ Bamidbar 19:16 and frequently Ez, חַלְלֵי־ח׳ Yechezkel 31:17, Yechezkel 31:18; Yechezkel 32:21, Yechezkel 32:25, Yechezkel 32:28, Yechezkel 32:29, Yechezkel 32:30, Yechezkel 32:32; Bamidbar 35:8 מְחֻלְלֵי ח׳ v Bamidbar 35:26 < Co חללי־ח׳ (on text of Bamidbar 32:20, Bamidbar 32:22, Bamidbar 32:31 see Co).

שְׁבֻיוֹת ח׳ Breishis 31:26 are captive of (taken by) sword.

sword frequently agent of י׳ Shoftim 7:20 Yeshaya 34:6 Yirmiya 12:12; Yirmiya 47:6 etc.,—so Devarim 28:22, but read חֹרֶב see under I. חרב (compare on other hand Shmuel Alef 17:47); note especially Breishis 3:24 לַהַט הח׳ הַמִּתְהַפֶּכֶת; poet. לַהַב ח׳ Nachum 3:3, בְּרַק ח׳ Devarim 32:41. k. ח׳ figuratively of tongue Tehillim 57:5 compare Tehillim 59:8; figuratively of violence, war, etc., Breishis 27:40; in simile Mishlei 5:4 (of grievous end of dealings with strange women).

knife ח׳ צֻרִים flint knives for use in circumcision Yehoshua 5:2, Yehoshua 5:3 (see Wellhausen^{Skizzen iii, 166}); Yechezkel 5:1, Yechezkel 5:2 ח׳ חַדָּה תַּעַר הַגַּלָּבִים (according to Co use of sword as razor is significant).

of tools used in hewing stone חַרְבְּךָ הֵנַפְתָּ עליה Shemos 20:22; יִתֹּץ בח׳ Yechezkel 26:9, according to most = tools, axes, ‘steel’ (Co ‘Eisen’), but poss. swords as implement read to hand; Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:6 Keri בְּחַרְבֹתֵיהֶם with their tools; read perhaps בְּחָרְבֹתֵיהֶם in their ruins, Be, who comp. Tehillim 109:10; see חָרְבָּה under II. חרב (Septuagint Vulgate om. חרב).

חַרְבוֹנָא

proper name (masc.) eunuch of Ahasuerus Esther 1:10 = חַרְבוֹנָה Esther 7:9 (Pers. خربان = donkey driver, Vullers ^{i, 668 b}).

חָרַד

verb tremble, be terrified (Assyrian ḫarâdu, the same, according to Delitzsch^{HA 20, Pr 46}; Arabic خَرِدَ be bashful, shamefaced; Mishnaic Hebrew חֲרָדָה a trembling)—

past (עבר) וְחָרַד consec. Yeshaya 19:16, חָֽרְדָה Yeshaya 10:29, חָרַדְתְּ Melachim Beis 4:13, חָרְדוּ Shmuel Alef 13:7; Shmuel Alef 14:15, וְחָֽרְדוּ consec. Yechezkel 26:16; Yechezkel 32:10; future (עתיד) יֶחֱרַד Iyov 37:1, וַיֶּחֱרַד Breishis 27:33 + 5 times; יֶחְרְדוּ Hoshea 11:10 Yechezkel 26:18, יֶֽחֶרְדוּ Hoshea 11:11, יֶחֱרָ֑דוּ Amos 3:6 Yeshaya 41:6, וַיֶּֽחֶרְדוּ Breishis 42:28 + 2 times; imperative (ציווי) חִרְדוּ Yeshaya 32:11;—

tremble, quake, of a mountain Shemos 19:18—so ℌ, but read הָעָם, Septuagint see Dillmann; of isles Yechezkel 26:18 (metaphorically, in fear); so Yeshaya 41:5 (קְצוֹת הארץ, ‖ אִיִּים יראו).

tremble, of persons under supernat. infl. Shmuel Alef 14:15 (‖ חֲרָדָה, וַתִּרְגַּז הָאָרָץ); start, start up (out of sleep) Rus 3:8; in mental disturbance Breishis 27:33 (J; with a direct object cogn.) tremble, in terror Shemos 19:16, Yeshaya 32:11 (‖ רגז), be startled (at sound of trumpet) Amos 3:6 compare Melachim Alef 1:49 (+ קום, הלך, ירא); tremble Yechezkel 26:16; Yechezkel 32:10 followed by לְ = at, Iyov 37:1 (לִבִּי), be terrified, of Egypt (personif.) Yeshaya 19:16 (‖ פָּחַד), Ramah Yeshaya 10:29, of Saul Shmuel Alef 28:5 subj. לִבּוֹ, ‖ ירא).

be anxiously careful חָרַדְתְּ אֵלֵנוּ את־כל הַחֲרָדָה הַזּאֹת Melachim Beis 4:13.

with preps. pregn. = go or come trembling Shmuel Alef 13:7 (followed by מֵאחריו SeptuagintL Wellhausen Driver) Breishis 42:28 (E; followed by אֶל־) Shmuel Alef 16:4 (followed by לִקְרָאתוֹ) so Shmuel Alef 21:2, Hoshea 11:10 (מִיָּם) v Hoshea 11:11 (מִמִּצְרַיִם).

past (עבר) הֶחֱרִיד Shoftim 8:12, וְהַחֲרַדְתִּ֫י Shmuel Beis 17:2; participle (בינוני) מַחֲרִיד Vayikra 26:6 + 11 times; infinitive (מקור) construct הַחֲרִיד Yechezkel 30:9 Zecharia 2:4;—drive in terror, rout an army, followed by direct object Shoftim 8:12 Yechezkel 30:9 Zecharia 2:4 compare Shmuel Beis 17:2; (Wellhausen proposes החרידו Hoshea 5:8 ‘setzt Benj. in Schrecken,’ for Masoretic Text אַחֲרֶיךָ); in participle (בינוני) absolute, only in וְאֵין מ׳; and none shall terrify, that is disturb the peace of those reposing—שׁכב, שׁקט, רבץ, ישׁב, ישׁב לָבֶטַח—in the promised land Vayikra 26:6, so after captivity Yirmiya 30:10 = Yirmiya 46:27, also Yechezkel 34:28; Yechezkel 39:26 Micha 4:4 Tzefania 3:13; of undisturbed peace of the righteous Iyov 11:19; peace of flocks in forsaken cities Yeshaya 17:2; undisturbed feeding on carrion by fowl and beast Devarim 28:26 Yirmiya 7:33, undisturbed prowling of lions Nachum 2:12 metaphorically of Assyrians).

חָרֵד

adjectiveverb. of foregoing, trembling;—חָרֵד Shoftim 7:3 + 3 times; חֲרֵדִים Yeshaya 66:5 Ezra 10:3—trembling (from fear), absolute Shoftim 7:3 (‖ ירא), Shmuel Alef 4:13 (subj. לִבּוֹ, followed by עַל, for, in behalf of); in awe and reverence, at word of God, followed by בְּ Ezra 9:4 Yeshaya 66:2 (followed by עַל), v Yeshaya 66:5 (followed by אֶל); compare ח׳ בְּמִצְוַת אל׳ Ezra 10:3.

חֲרֹד

proper name (place) only עֵין ח׳ (see under עַיִן), a camping-place of Gideon and Israel. Shoftim 7:1.

חֲרָדָה

noun (fem.) trembling, fear, anxiety—חֲרָדָה Breishis 27:33 + 5 times + Yechezkel 38:21 (read for הָרַי, B Co compare Driver Shmuel Alef 14:15); construct חֶרְדַּת Shmuel Alef 14:15 Mishlei 29:25 (see Lagarde^{BN 113}); plural חֲרָדוֹת Yechezkel 26:16;—

trembling, quaking (of terror ascribed to supernat. cause) Shmuel Alef 14:15^(×2) (hence ח׳ אלהים see Driver; ‖ וַתִּרְגַּז־הארץ) compare Yechezkel 38:21 (see above); Daniel 10:7; קול ח׳ Yirmiya 30:5 voice of trembling; followed by generally object ח׳ אָדָם Mishlei 29:25 trembling before man; opposite pleasure Yeshaya 21:4; tremblings (plural) Yechezkel 26:16 under figuratively of garment (ח׳ ילבשׁו), of effect on coast-princes of fall of Tyre.

anxious care Melachim Beis 4:13, direct object cogn. c. חָרַד.

חֲרָדָה²

proper name (place) a station of Isr. in wilderness Bamidbar 33:24, Bamidbar 33:25, site unknown.

חָרָה

verb burn, be kindled, of anger (Aramaic חרי Pa. cause fire to burn (rare); Zinj. חרא anger, Noldeke^{ZMG 1893, 98. 103}; Arabic حَرْوَةٌ burning sensation, in throat, etc., from rage and pain)—

past (עבר) ח׳ Breishis 4:6 + 20 times; future (עתיד) יֶחֱרֶה Shemos 32:11 + 2 times; יִ֫חַר Breishis 18:30 + 7 times; וַיִּ֫חַר Breishis 4:5 + 46 times; infinitive (מקור) absolute חָרֹה Shmuel Alef 20:7; construct חֲרוֹת Shmuel Beis 24:1 Tehillim 124:3;—

of man:

חרה אף (one’s) anger was kindled, burned Breishis 39:19 Bamidbar 22:27, Shemos 32:19, Shemos 32:22, Shoftim 9:30; Shoftim 14:19 Shmuel Alef 11:6 Iyov 32:2, Iyov 32:5; c. בְּ against Breishis 30:2, Breishis 44:18, Shmuel Alef 17:28; Shmuel Alef 20:30 Shmuel Beis 12:5 Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:10 Tehillim 124:3 Iyov 32:2, Iyov 32:3; c. אֶל Bamidbar 24:10.

impers., אף omitted; חרה לְ it was kindled for (him) he burned with anger Breishis 31:36, Breishis 4:5, Breishis 4:6; Breishis 34:7 Bamidbar 16:15, Shmuel Alef 15:11 (read perhaps וַיֵּצֶר, Weir in Driver), Shmuel Alef 18:8; Shmuel Alef 20:7^(×2) Shmuel Beis 3:8; Shmuel Beis 6:8 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 13:11, Shmuel Beis 13:21; Shmuel Beis 19:43 Nechemia 3:33; Nechemia 4:1; Nechemia 5:6 Yonah 4:1, Yonah 4:4, Yonah 4:9^(×2); ins. ויחר לדוד Shmuel Beis 11:22 Septuagint Wellhausen Driver; ח׳ בְּעֵינֵי Breishis 31:35; Breishis 45:5.

of God:

ח׳ אף Shemos 22:23 Bamidbar 22:22, Bamidbar 11:1, Bamidbar 11:10; Bamidbar 32:10; c. בְּ Shemos 4:14; Shemos 32:10 Bamidbar 12:9 Devarim 31:17, Devarim 6:15; Devarim 7:4; Devarim 11:17; Devarim 29:26 Yehoshua 23:16, Shoftim 6:39 Shmuel Beis 6:7 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 13:10, Hoshea 8:5 Melachim Beis 23:26 Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:15 Iyov 42:7; בְּעַם Shemos 32:11 Bamidbar 11:33, Yeshaya 5:25 Tehillim 106:40; בישׂראל Bamidbar 25:3; Bamidbar 32:13; Shoftim 2:14, Shoftim 2:20; Shoftim 3:8; Shoftim 10:7 Shmuel Beis 24:1 Melachim Beis 13:3; בבני ישׂראל Yehoshua 7:1; בנהרים, אף omitted, Chavakuk 3:8; c. עַל Zecharia 10:3.

חרה לְ Breishis 18:30, Breishis 18:32 Shmuel Beis 22:8 = Tehillim 18:8.—

חרה not in HP (who use קצף); nor in Je Ez Yeshaya 2 Pr or poetry of Jb.

past (עבר) נִחֲרוּ־ followed by בְּ Shir HaShirim 1:6 (according to Böttcher ^{ii. 379} De Konig^{i. 551}) be angry with; participle (בינוני) כֹּל הַנֶּחֱרִים בְּ׳ all that are incensed against (thee) Yeshaya 41:11, so Yeshaya 45:24.

past (עבר) הֶחֱרָה הֶחֱזִיק Nechemia 3:20 burned with zeal (?) in repairing, but Septuagint om. החרה; probably dittogr.; future (עתיד) וַיַּחַר עָלַי אַפּוֹ Iyov 19:11 and kindled his anger against me.

future (עתיד) אַל תִּתְחַר Tehillim 37:1, Tehillim 37:7, Tehillim 37:8 Mishlei 24:19 heat oneself in vexation.—The following forms are somewhat doubtful: future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular אֵיךְ תְּתַחֲרֶה אֶת־הַסּוּסִים Yirmiya 12:5 how canst thou hotly contend (in a race) with the horses? participle (בינוני) כִּי אַתָּה מְתַחֲרֶה בָאָ֑רֶז Yirmiya 22:15 because thou strivest eagerly (to excel) in cedar; expl. as Tiphʿēl by Gesenius' Thesaurus Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 55, 5 Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 122 a Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 255 a Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 159 b Konig^{i. p. 557} and elsewhere, and regarded by most as a rare causative stem; but ag. existence of Tiphʿēl see Barth^{NB § 180 a; ZMG 1894, 20}; Barth regards the form as denom. (from a noun formed by ת preform., compare Aramaic ܬܰܚܪܘܽܬܳܐ contention); Siegfried-Stade would point as Hithp. [compare Syriac ܐܶܬܚܪܺܝ contend with, ܚܶܪܝܳܢ contention], although meaning of Hithp. is diff., see above

חָרוֹן

noun (masc.) (burning of) anger (compare Lagarde^{BN 204 Anm.} )—ח׳ Yechezkel 7:12 + 2 times; construct חֲרוֹן Bamidbar 25:4 + 33 times; with suffix חֲרוֹנִי Yechezkel 7:14 (Co חרון), חֲרוֹנוֹ Tehillim 2:5; חֲרֹנְךָ Shemos 15:7; plural with suffix חֲרוֹנֶי֑ךָ Tehillim 88:17;—always of God’s anger (see note, below), חֲרוֹן אף Shemos 32:12 Bamidbar 25:4; Bamidbar 32:14 Yehoshua 7:26, Devarim 13:18 Shmuel Alef 28:18 Melachim Beis 23:26 Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:11, Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:13; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:10; Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:8 Ezra 10:14 Hoshea 11:9 Nachum 1:6 Tzefania 2:2; Tzefania 3:8 Yeshaya 13:9, Yeshaya 13:13 Yirmiya 4:8, Yirmiya 4:26; Yirmiya 12:13; Yirmiya 25:37, Yirmiya 25:38; Yirmiya 30:24; Yirmiya 49:37; Yirmiya 51:45 Yonah 3:9 Tehillim 69:25; Tehillim 78:49; Tehillim 85:4 Iyov 20:23 Eicha 1:12; Eicha 4:11; אף om., Shemos 15:7 (song), Nechemia 13:18 Tehillim 2:5 Yechezkel 7:12 (del. Co), v Yechezkel 7:14; plural bursts of burning anger Tehillim 88:17.—

כְּמוֹ־חָרוֹן Tehillim 58:10 burning anger Septuagint Vulgate Jer Authorized Version Baethgen Cheyne; but Gesenius' Thesaurus Muhlau-Volck Siegfried-Stade DeW Ewald Olshausen Pe, something burning, for example thorns, antith. green thorns; Hengst De cooked flesh, antith. raw; Yirmiya 25:38 מפני ח׳ הַיּוֹנָה because of the fierceness of the oppressor (? Authorized Version) would then be the only use of the word of other than God’s anger; here Septuagint Targum Ewald Hitzig Graf Ke Cheyne Giesebrecht Revised Version rightly read חרב oppressing sword (as Yirmiya 46:16; Yirmiya 50:16). חרון is not used in H P D ² or E (except song, Shemos 15:7) of the Hexateuch; nor in Ez except Yechezkel 7:12 (del. Co), v Yechezkel 7:14.

חֳרִי

noun (masc.) burning, always חֳרִי (הָ)אַף of Moses Shemos 11:8; Jonathan Shmuel Alef 20:34; army of Ephraim Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:10; Rezin Yeshaya 7:4; of God Devarim 29:23 Eicha 2:3.

חַרְהֲיָה

see חרחיה.

חֲרוּמַף

proper name (masc.) father of one of the builders of the wall Nechemia 3:10.

חַרְחֲיָה

(van d. H. חרהיה), proper name (masc.) (√ and meaning. unknown)—father of one of the builders of the wall, Neh.’s time Nechemia 3:8.

חַרְחוּר

see under i. חרר.

חַרְחַס

proper name (masc.) grandfather of Shallum, who was husband of Huldah the prophetess Melachim Beis 22:14 (see חַסְרָה).

חַרְטֹם

noun (masc.) ^{Shemos 7:22} engraver, writer, only in deriv. sense of one possessed of occult knowledge, diviner, astrologer, magician (probably = ם + חֶרֶט, see Dillmann Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 216, 5 Stade's Hebrew Grammar §§ 295, 327 a)—only plural absolute חַרְטֻמִּים Breishis 41:24 + 4 times; חַרְטֻמִּם Shemos 8:15; Shemos 9:11; construct חַרְטֻמֵּי Breishis 41:8 + 2 times;—

magicians of Egypt Breishis 41:8 (E; ‖ חֲכָמִים), v Breishis 41:24, Shemos 8:3, Shemos 8:14, Shemos 8:15; Shemos 7:11 (‖ חֲכָמִים, מְכַשְּׁפִים), v Shemos 7:22 Shemos 9:11^(×2) (all P).

magicians of Babylon Daniel 1:20; Daniel 2:2 (‖ אַשָּׁפִים, מְכַשְּׁפִים, כַּשְׂדִּים). the fact that the word is always applied to Egyptian magicians, except Daniel 2:2 (late), suggests Egyptian origin, but no agreement among Egyptologists: HarkavyJAs^{, 1870, Mars–Avril, 169} proposes xar, speak + tum, hidden = teller of hidden things; Wied^{Samml 44}: thinks Hebrew word perhaps imitating an Egyptian cher-ṭem-t, he who holds the book; FCCook ^{‘Speaker’s’ commentaries i. 279} proposes cher-tum = bearer of sacred words.

חֳרִי²

see חָרָה.

חֹרִי²

white bread see under I. חור.

חֹרִי³

proper namegent. see under III. חרר.

חָרוּל

n.[m.] a kind of weed, perhaps chickpea (cicercula), see Löw ^{p. 153} (Syriac ܚܽܘܪܠܴܐ fodder for horses; Targum Mishlei 24:31 gives חוּרְלָא)—absolute ח׳ Iyov 30:7 Tzefania 2:9; plural חֲרֻלִּים Mishlei 24:31;—as growing in devastated land, coll. Tzefania 2:9; in vineyard of slothful, plural כִּסּוּ פניו ח׳ Mishlei 24:31 (‖ קִמְּשׂנִים); as sole shelter of certain outcast peoples Iyov 30:7 (שִׂיחִים).

חָרַם

verbHiph. ban, devote, exterminate (Mesha Inscription¹⁷ החרמתה of devoting, dedicating a city to Chemosh, in cl. with כי explaining massacre of all inhabitants; the altar-hearth of י׳ there was dragged before Chemosh; حَرُمَ be prohibited, forbidden, unlawful, become sacred; ii. make, pronounce sacred, inviolable; Ethiopic ሐረመ prohibit from common use, consecrate to God, esteem unlawful; Palmyrene חרם = consacré Vog^{Noldeke. 35}; Nabataean the same, Eut^{p. 28}; Sabean מחרם sanctuary, temple, Os^{ZMG 1865, 176, 252}, חרמתן D.H. Müller^{ZMG 1875, 594}; Aramaic אַחֲרִים, and especially ܐܰܚܪܶܡ anathematize, excommunicate; see also Wellhausen^{Skizzen iii, 165}, Driver^{Smend 100 ff.}, Robertson Smith^{Sem. i. 140(150)})—

past (עבר) הֶהֱרִים Yehoshua 8:26 + 5 times; הֶחֱרִם Yehoshua 10:28; 2nd masculine singular וְהַחֲרַמְתָּ֫ה Shmuel Alef 15:18; 1st singular הֶחֱרַמְתִּי Shmuel Alef 15:20; וְהַחֲרַמְתִּ֫י Bamidbar 21:2; 2nd feminine singular וְהַחֲרַמְתְּ(י) consec. Micha 4:13 (so Septuagint Vulgate Peshitta Targum Revised Version most; Masoretic Text 1st singular), see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 44, R. 4; plural הֶחֱרִימוּ Shmuel Alef 15:9 Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:14 etc.; (Shmuel Alef 15:3 read והחרמתו Septuagint Wellhausen Driver); future (עתיד) יַחֲרִם Vayikra 27:28; וַיַּחֲרֵם Bamidbar 21:3 Yehoshua 10:37; with suffix וַיַּחֲרִימָהּ Yehoshua 10:1; 1st plural וַנַּחֲרֵם Devarim 2:34; Devarim 3:6 etc.; imperative (ציווי) הַחֲרֵם Devarim 13:16; plural הַחֲרִימוּ Yirmiya 51:3; with suffix הַחֲרִימוּהָ Yirmiya 50:26; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַחֲרֵם Devarim 3:6 + 4 times; construct הַחֲרִים Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:23 Daniel 11:44; with suffix הַחֲרִימָם Yehoshua 11:20 + 4 times;—ban, devote (especially religiously, followed by objects hostile to the theocracy [see especially Shemos 22:19 Hoph.]; this involved generally their destruction; when a city was ‘devoted’ the inhab. were put to death, the spoil being destroyed or not according to the gravity of the occasion [contrast Yehoshua 6:17, Yehoshua 6:21 Shmuel Alef 15:3 with Devarim 2:34; Devarim 3:6, Devarim 3:7], compare Mesha Inscription¹⁷ לעשתר כמש החרמתה to Ashtar-Chemosh I devoted it, that is the city Nebo);—

most often of devoting to destruction cities of Canaanites and other neighbours of Isr., exterminating inhabitants, and destroying or appropriating their possessions:

Isr. and her leaders subj. Bamidbar 21:2, Bamidbar 21:3 (destruction according to vow), Yehoshua 6:21 (compare חֵרֶם ליהוה v Yehoshua 6:17; all J); in v Yehoshua 6:18 read תַּחְמְדוּ (for Masoretic Text תַּחֲרִימוּ, see Dillmann VB); Yehoshua 8:26 Septuagint, not SeptuagintL, om. see), Yehoshua 10:1, Devarim 2:34; Devarim 3:6^(×2); Devarim 7:2^(×2) (commanded through Moses, compare for underlying thought v Devarim 7:4, Devarim 7:5, Devarim 7:6), Devarim 20:17^(×2) (commanded by י׳), Yehoshua 2:10 Yehoshua 10:28, Yehoshua 10:35, Yehoshua 10:37, Yehoshua 10:39, Yehoshua 10:40 (divine command), Yehoshua 11:11, Yehoshua 11:12, Yehoshua 11:20, Yehoshua 11:21 (divine command v Yehoshua 11:12, Yehoshua 11:20; all D), Shmuel Alef 15:3, Shmuel Alef 15:8, Shmuel Alef 15:9^(×2), Shmuel Alef 15:15, Shmuel Alef 15:18, Shmuel Alef 15:20 (divine command v Shmuel Alef 15:3, Shmuel Alef 15:18, Shmuel Alef 15:20, compare v Shmuel Alef 15:11, Shmuel Alef 15:22, Shmuel Alef 15:23); quite secondary is simple exterminate Melachim Alef 9:21, Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:41.

secondary meaning destroy, exterminate, also with other nations subj.:—Melachim Beis 19:11 = Yeshaya 37:11 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:14, Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:23, Yirmiya 50:21, Yirmiya 50:26 (both by divine command), Yirmiya 51:3 Daniel 11:44.

God as subj., figuratively all nations and their armies Yeshaya 34:2; the nations of Western Asia Yirmiya 25:9; the tongue of the Egyptian sea (by drying it up) Yeshaya 11:15 (but read perhaps החריב with Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate Targum).

so also of devoting even Israelites: a city of Isr. for worshipping other gods Devarim 13:16; residents of Jabesh-Gilead for not joining in campaign against Benj. Shoftim 21:11.

devote to י׳: for sacred uses החרים ליהוה the spoil of the nations Micha 4:13; private possessions, whether a man, animal, or field Vayikra 27:28.

future (עתיד) יָחֳרַם Vayikra 27:29 Ezra 10:8; יָחֳרָ֑ם Shemos 22:19;—

be put under the ban, devoted (to death), for worshipping other gods than י׳ Shemos 22:19 (earliest use of word in OT); for some other theocratic offence Vayikra 27:29 (P; see Dillmann).

devoted, that is forfeited, to the temple treasures Ezra 10:8.—On חרם see especially Dillmann (Kn) Vayikra 27:28; Ewald^Antiq.75.78, Driver Shmuel Alef 15:33.

חֵ֫רֶם

noun (masc.) ^{Vayikra 27:28} 1. devoted thing. 2. devotion, ban;—ח׳ absolute Yehoshua 6:17 + 24 times (most read חֶרֶם Zecharia 14:11, Baer חֵרֶם); חֶ֑רֶם Yehoshua 7:1; with suffix חֶרְמִי Melachim Alef 20:42 Yeshaya 34:5;—thing devoted to י׳:

thing hostile to theocracy, and therefore (in the strictest application) to be either destroyed, or, in the case of certain objects (for example silver and gold, vessels of brass and iron Yehoshua 6:19, Yehoshua 6:24), set apart to sacred uses; especially

of a Canaan. city, as Jericho, incl. all inhab. (except Rahab’s family) and spoil Yehoshua 6:17, Yehoshua 6:18^(×2); Yehoshua 7:1, Yehoshua 7:11, Yehoshua 7:15; Achan by taking מִן־הַחֵרֶם made (camp of) Isr. ח׳ Yehoshua 7:12 compare Yehoshua 6:18, and became himself ח׳, and was stoned and, with his family and possessions, incl. the spoil, was burnt Yehoshua 7:1, Yehoshua 7:11, Yehoshua 7:12, Yehoshua 7:13^(×2) (all except Yehoshua 7:1 P; compare v Yehoshua 7:15, Yehoshua 7:24, Yehoshua 7:25); מָעַל מַעַל בַּח׳ committed unfaithfulness in the matter of the devoted thing is term for the sin Yehoshua 7:1 Yehoshua 22:20 (both P), compare מָעַל בַּח׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:7; Saul and Isr. spared Agag king of Amalek and רֵאשִׁית הַח׳ that is of the spoil (sheep and oxen), wh. should have been utterly destroyed Shmuel Alef 15:21 (compare v Shmuel Alef 15:3, Shmuel Alef 15:8; Saul rejected by י׳ for this v Shmuel Alef 15:11, Shmuel Alef 15:26); so an idolatr. city in Isr. should become ח׳, with all its contents, and be utterly destroyed Devarim 13:17 (compare v Devarim 13:13, Devarim 13:15, Devarim 13:16).

of individuals, one having relic of Canaanit. god in his house should become ח׳, the relic being ח׳ Devarim 7:26^(×2); every human being who became ח׳ should be killed Vayikra 27:29^(×2) (P; see Dillmann).

appar. (so Dillmann) anything devoted to sanctuary under specially stringent conditions Vayikra 27:28 (see Dillmann; and compare Ezra 10:8); a field consecrated to י׳ becomes under certain conditions כִּשְׂדֵה הַח׳ Vayikra 27:21; every ח׳ is קֹדֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁים ליהוה v Vayikra 27:28, and no ח׳ that a man may devote, whether man, beast or field, may be sold or redeemed v Vayikra 27:28; every such ח׳ (as in case of metals and metal objects Yehoshua 6:17, Yehoshua 6:19) went to Aaron and his sons Bamidbar 18:14, to Zadokite priests Yechezkel 44:29.

devotion, ban, involving destruction; אִישׁ חֶרְמִי Melachim Alef 20:42 man under my (י׳’s) ban (of Benhadad); עַם חֶרְמִי Yeshaya 34:5 (of Edom); נתן לַח׳ Yeshaya 43:28 figuratively of י׳’s giving over Jud. to Chald.; ח׳ not to be in future Zecharia 14:11; פֶּן־אָבוֹא וְהִכֵּיתִי אֶת־הָאָרֶץ ח׳ Malachi 3:24 smite the land with a ban, that is utterly destroy it.

חֳרֵם

proper name (place) (sacred; compare Sabean. proper name (place) אחרם D.H. Müller^{Epigr. Denkm. 43})—a place in tribe of Naphtali Yehoshua 19:38; not identified.

חָרִם

proper name (masc.) (consecrated; compare Sabean proper name (masc.) חרם, יחרמאל Hal^{411. 504} D.H. Müller^l.c.)—

priest of the third course, David’s time, according to Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:8.

priest of time of Nehemiah Nechemia 10:6.

heads of families of returning exiles:

Ezra 2:39 = Nechemia 7:41, Ezra 10:21 Nechemia 12:15.

Ezra 2:32 = Nechemia 7:34, Ezra 10:31 Nechemia 3:11.

a prince Nechemia 10:28.

חָרְמָה

proper name (place) (asylum, compare Arabic the same, Wetzstein^{ZKW see 1884, 115})—a royal city of Canaanites, in the South, in tribe of Simeon Bamidbar 14:45 (art. only here see Dillmann), Bamidbar 21:3 where name expl. from Israel’s devoting Canaanites of Arad to destruction; Yehoshua 15:30; Yehoshua 19:4, Devarim 1:44 Yehoshua 12:14, Shmuel Alef 30:30 Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:30; originally called צְפַת Shoftim 1:17, where name is said to have been changed to Ḥormah because Judah and Simeon (after death of Joshua) devoted its inhabitants to destruction, see Dillmann Bamidbar 21:3.—On site see צְפַת.

חֶרְמוֹן

proper namemont. Hermon (sacred mountain, compare Sabean מחרם, etc., temple, Arabic حَرَامٌ interior of mosque, حُرْمَةٌ asylum, Wetzstein^{ZKW see 1884, 115} Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 93; 2nd ed., 94})—the highest peak of Anti-Lebanon range, usually snow-capped, commanding southern Syria & northern Palestine; it is called שִׂיאֹן by the author of Devarim 4:48; by the Amorites שְׂנִיר, by the Sidonians שִׂרְיֹן Devarim 3:9. It has three peaks; and the names חרמון and שׂניר, distinguished in Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:23 Shir HaShirim 4:8, may refer to two of these peaks; חֶרְמוֹנִים Tehillim 42:7 probably refers to these different peaks (see Robinson^{BR iii, 357} Bäd^{Pal. 301}). It is a northern boundary עד הר ח׳ Devarim 3:8 Yehoshua 12:1; הר חרמוֹן mount Hermon is used also Yehoshua 11:17; Yehoshua 12:5; Yehoshua 13:5, Yehoshua 13:11 Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:23; but חרמון Yehoshua 11:3 Tehillim 89:13; Tehillim 133:3 Shir HaShirim 4:8. Vid. בַּעַל חֶרְמוֹן Shoftim 3:3 Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:23 (see Wetzstein^{ib. 115}).

חָרַם²

verb slit (nose, lip, ear, etc.), mutilate, especially face (Arabic خَرَمَ perforate, pierce, slit the partition between the nostrils, or the lip, or the lobe of the ear)—

participle (בינוני) passive אִישׁ עִוֵּר אוֹ פִּסֵּחַ אוֹ חָרֻם אוֹ שָׂרוּעַ a man blind or lame or mutilated in the face (in nose, lip, ear, etc.), or too long in a limb Vayikra 21:18, see Dillmann (Kn).

חֵ֫רֶם²

noun (masc.) net (as something perforated; compare Arabic مُخَرَّمٌ perforated work, Fl in NHWB^{ii. 208}; Mishnaic Hebrew חֵרֶם net; Phoenician חרם maker of nets)—absolute ח׳ Micha 7:2; with suffix חֶרְמִי Yechezkel 32:3, חֶרְמוֹ Chavakuk 1:15, Chavakuk 1:16, Chavakuk 1:17; plural חֲרָמִים Koheles 7:26 Yechezkel 26:5, Yechezkel 26:14; Yechezkel 47:10;—hunter’s net Micha 7:2 Koheles 7:26; fisherman’s net Yechezkel 26:5, Yechezkel 26:14; Yechezkel 32:3; Yechezkel 47:10 Chavakuk 1:15, Chavakuk 1:16, Chavakuk 1:17.

חֶרְמֵשׁ

n.[m.] sickle (on form see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 85 xii. 55)—Devarim 16:9; Devarim 23:26.

חָרָן

proper name (place) city in northern Mesopotamia (Assyrian ḫarrânu = road, path Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament^Gloss.; compare Delitzsch^{Pa 185}; Jensen^{Kosmologie 28} ‘junction of trading-routes’ = cross-roads)—mentioned as city of Abram’s sojourn Breishis 11:31, where his father Teraḥ died v Breishis 11:32, and whence he departed for Canaan Breishis 12:4, Breishis 12:5; where Laban, Jacob’s uncle, lived, and whither Jacob fled Breishis 27:43; Breishis 28:10 (both חָרָ֫נָה), Breishis 29:4; as conquered by fathers of Sennacherib Melachim Beis 19:12 = Yeshaya 37:12; as place of trade Yechezkel 27:23; Assyrian Ḫarrana (-ni), Schrader^{Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament} on Breishis 11:31; Breishis 27:43 Septuagint Χαρραν. It was an ancient seat of worship of moon-god (Sin), see Schrader^{KG 355, 536}; see further Chwolsohn^{Ssabier i, 303 ff.} Wüstenfeld^{ZMG 1864, 443 f.} Schrader^{KG 355, 536} Sachau^{Reise 217 ff.} Mez^{Gesch. d. Stadt Harran, 1892}.

חָרָן²

proper name (masc.) son of Caleb of Judah Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:46^(×2); Septuagint Αρραν, SeptuagintL Ωρων (Sabean proper name חרן D.H. Müller^{Epigr. Dakm. 56}).

חֶ֫רֶס

noun (masc.) ^{Shoftim 14:18} sun (Mishnaic Hebrew the same)—absolute ח׳ Iyov 9:7 (‖ כוכבים); c. ה epenth. בְּטֶרֶם יָבֹא הַחַ֫רְסָה Shoftim 14:18 (compare לַיִל, לַיְלָה) before the sun could go down (but read perhaps הַחַ֫דְרָה into the (bridal) chamber Stade^{journal ZAW 1884, 253 ff.}).

חֶ֫רֶס²

proper name (place)

abode of Amorites, בְּהַר־חֶרֶס בְּאַיָּלוֹן וּבְשַׁעַלְבִֿים Shoftim 1:35, since חֶרֶס sun = שֶׁמֶשׁ, perhaps = בֵּית שֶׁמֶשׁ 1. (q.see), so Stu (who proposes עִיר חֶרֶס = עָר), Ke Be Budde^{Robertson Smith17} Öt Bla Septuagint ἐν τῷ [ὄρει τοῦ] Μυρσινῶνι(-ος) = הַר הֲדַס.

place E. of Jordan מִלְמַעֲלֵה הֶחָ֑רֶס Shoftim 8:13 from the ascent of Ḥeres, Septuagint Αρες; the point whence Gideon turned back from pursuing Midian; Aq Symm read הֶהָרִים (see Lagarde^{Onom. 96, 2nd ed. 131}) so Siegfried-Stade.—תִּמְנַת־חֶרֶס Shoftim 2:9 see under תִּמְנַת, √ מנה.

חֶרֶס

see under חרשׂ.

חָרַף

verb reproach (Mishnaic Hebrew Pi. the same; Aramaic חֲרַף the same, ܚܰܪܶܦ sharpen, ܚܰܪܺܝܦ sharp, keen, acute);—

future (עתיד) לֹא־יֶחֱרַף לְבָבִי מִיָּמָ֑י Iyov 27:6; participle (בינוני) with suffix חֹרְפִי Tehillim 119:42 Mishlei 27:11; חוֹרְפֶיךָ Tehillim 69:10.

past (עבר) חֵרֵף Shoftim 5:18 + 6 times; חֵרַפְתָּ Yeshaya 37:23 + 4 times etc. + 10 times pf.; future (עתיד) יְחָרֵף Shmuel Beis 21:21 Divrei HaYamim Alef 20:7; וְחָ֫רֶף Tehillim 74:10 + 2 times with suffix; infinitive (מקור) לְחָרֵף Yeshaya 37:4 + 5 times; בְּחָֽרְפָם Shmuel Beis 23:9 (but see below); participle (בינוני) מְחָרֵף Tehillim 44:17;—reproach,—proposes say sharp things against,—taunt, with a direct object Shoftim 8:15 Shmuel Alef 17:10, Shmuel Alef 17:25, Shmuel Alef 17:26, Shmuel Alef 17:36, Shmuel Alef 17:45 Shmuel Beis 21:21 + Divrei HaYamim Alef 20:7; God, by injustice to the poor Mishlei 14:31; Mishlei 17:5; Yahweh, by idolatry Yeshaya 65:7; Yahweh as the God of Israel Melachim Beis 19:4, Melachim Beis 19:16, Melachim Beis 19:22, Melachim Beis 19:23 = Yeshaya 37:4, Yeshaya 37:17, Yeshaya 37:23, Yeshaya 37:24 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:17 (c. לְ); c. בְּ, Philistines Shmuel Beis 23:9 Masoretic Text (but read בְּפַס דַּמִּים at Pas-dammîm, proper name (place), as Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:13 Wellhausen Driver); reproach, Nechemia 6:13 Tehillim 42:11; Tehillim 44:17; Tehillim 55:13; Tehillim 57:4; Tehillim 74:10, Tehillim 74:18; Tehillim 79:12; Tehillim 89:52^(×2); Tehillim 102:9 Tzefania 2:8, Tzefania 2:10; poet. and figuratively, despise, scorn, ח׳ נפשׁ למוּת Shoftim 5:18.

חֶרְפָּה

noun (fem.) reproach—ח׳ Breishis 34:14 + 35 times; construct חֶרְפַּת Yehoshua 5:9 + 15 times; with suffix חֶרְפָּֽתְךָ Tehillim 74:22 etc. + 17 times sfs.; plural חֲרָפוֹת Tehillim 69:11 Daniel 12:2; construct חֶרְפּוֹת Tehillim 69:10.—

taunt of enemy Shmuel Alef 17:26; so also Shmuel Alef 25:39; reproach cast upon another, scorn, contumely Nechemia 3:36; Nechemia 5:9 Tehillim 69:20, Tehillim 69:21; Tehillim 71:13; Tehillim 89:51; Tehillim 119:22 Mishlei 18:3 Yeshaya 51:7 Yechezkel 21:33; שׁמע ח׳ Yirmiya 51:51 Tzefania 2:8 Eicha 3:61; נתן ח׳ על Yirmiya 23:40; נשׂא ח׳ על Tehillim 15:3 (slander); נשׂא ח׳ Yirmiya 31:19 Yechezkel 36:15 Micha 6:16 (reproach); נשׂא ח׳ על bear reproach for Tehillim 69:8 Yirmiya 15:15 Tzefania 3:18; השׁיב ח׳ Hoshea 12:15 Nechemia 3:36; חרף ח׳ Tehillim 69:10; Tehillim 79:12; Tehillim 89:51; הסיר ח׳ מעל Shmuel Alef 17:26 Yeshaya 25:8; העביר ח׳ Tehillim 119:39; reproaches against God Tehillim 69:10 (חֶרְפּוֹת חוֹרְפֶיךָ), Tehillim 74:22; Tehillim 79:12.

reproach which rests upon one, condition of shame, disgrace:

sexual Shmuel Beis 13:13 Yeshaya 47:3 Yechezkel 16:57 Mishlei 6:33.

barrenness of womb Breishis 30:23 Yeshaya 4:1; widowhood Yeshaya 54:4.

hunger Yechezkel 36:30; disease Iyov 19:5.

ritual, uncircumcision Breishis 34:14 Yehoshua 5:9.

injuries from enemies Eicha 3:30; Eicha 5:1 Nechemia 1:3; Nechemia 2:17 Iyov 16:10 Daniel 11:18^(×2).

a reproach, the object of reproach, the person or thing reproached חֶרְפַּת אָדָם a reproach of man Tehillim 22:7; ח׳ נבל Tehillim 39:9; היה ח׳ ל׳ become an object of reproach to Tehillim 31:12; Tehillim 79:4; Tehillim 89:42; Tehillim 109:25 Yechezkel 5:15; (היה) לח (ל׳) Yeshaya 30:5 Yirmiya 6:10; Yirmiya 20:8; Yirmiya 42:18; Yirmiya 44:8, Yirmiya 44:12; Yirmiya 49:13 Tehillim 69:11 Daniel 9:16; Daniel 12:2; נתן ח׳ (ל׳) Yechezkel 22:4 Yoel 2:19 Tehillim 78:66; נתן לח׳ Yirmiya 24:9; Yirmiya 29:18 Yechezkel 5:14 Yoel 2:17; שׂים ח׳ ל׳ Tehillim 44:14; שׂים ח׳ על Shmuel Alef 11:2.

חָרַף²

verbdenom. remain in harvest-time (so Arabic خَرَفَ; Eng. to winter)—only

future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular כָּל־בֶּהֱמַת הָאָרֶץ עָלָיו תֶּחֱרָ֑ף Yeshaya 18:6 all the beasts of the earth shall spend the harvest-time upon it.

חָרֵף

(doubtful whether from I. or II.) proper name (masc.) a chief of the line of Judah Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:51.

חָרִף

proper name (masc.) (compare Arabic خَرِيفٌ autumn, see חֹרֶף above)—

חָרִף head of a family of returned exiles Nechemia 7:23 (Septuagint Αρειφ, SeptuagintL Ιωρηε) = יוֹרָה (compare יוֹרֶה early rain) Ezra 2:18 (Septuagint Ουρα, A Ιωρα, SeptuagintL Ωραι).

חָרִיף one of those sealed Nechemia 10:20 Septuagint Αρειφ(α), SeptuagintL Αρηφ.

חָרַף³

verb acquire (compare Arabic حَرَفَ turn a thing from its proper way or manner, but also gain, acquire [subsistence] for one’s family)—only

participle (בינוני) f. שִׁפְחָה נֶחֱרֶפֶת לְאִישׁ a maidservant acquired for a man (viz. as his concubine) Vayikra 19:20 (H; compare Mishnaic Hebrew חֲרוּפָה of woman designated for a man).

חָרַץ

verb cut, sharpen, decide (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, cut in, decide, Aramaic in deriv.; Assyrian ḫarâṣu, dig, decide, ḫariṣu, trench, Zehnpfund^{BAS i. 502}; Phoenician חרץ decision, Hoffmann^{AGG xxxvi. May 1889, 11})—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ח׳ Yehoshua 10:21; חָרָ֑צְתָּ Melachim Alef 20:40; future (עתיד) יֶחֱרַץ־ Shemos 11:7; 2nd masculine singular תֶּחֱרָ֑ץ Shmuel Beis 5:24; participle (בינוני) passive חָרוּץ Yeshaya 10:22 Vayikra 22:22; plural חֲרוּצִים Iyov 14:5 (see also חָרוּץ below)—

cut, mutilate Vayikra 22:22 (עַוֶּרֶת אוֹ שָׁבוּר אוֹ־חָרוּץ אוֹ יַבֶּלֶת).

sharpen, figuratively the tongue, לֹא יֶח׳־כֶּלֶב לְשֹׁנוֹ לְ Shemos 11:7, that is utter no sound against Isr., Yehoshua 10:21.

decide Melachim Alef 20:40 (absolute); so pt. passive חרוצים ימיו Iyov 14:5 his days are determined, fixed (‖ מִסְפַּר חדשׁיו), Yeshaya 10:22 כִּלָּיוֹן ח׳; act with decision Shmuel Beis 5:24.

participle (בינוני) נֶחֱרָצָה Yeshaya 10:23 + 3 times; נֶחֱרֶצֶת Daniel 9:26 (both these forms inf. construct according to Barth^{NB 90}); decisive כָּלָה וְנֶח׳ Yeshaya 10:23; Yeshaya 28:22 Daniel 9:27 a consumption and strict decision (that is that which is strictly determined), כי נ׳ נֶעֱשָׂ֑תָה Daniel 11:36; נח׳ שֹׁמֵמוֹת Daniel 9:26 strict determining of desolation.

חָרוּץ

adjective sharp, diligent (on this and following see Barth^{NB 173})—חָרוּץ Yeshaya 28:27 + 11 times; plural חֲרוּצִים Mishlei 10:4; Mishlei 12:24; חֲרֻצִים Mishlei 13:4; חֲרֻצוֹת Amos 1:3;—

sharp: of threshing instrument מוֹרָג ח׳ חָדָשׁ Yeshaya 41:15; without מ׳, as noun, Yeshaya 28:27 (where יוּדַשׁ); ח׳ הַבַּרְזֶל Amos 1:3; Iyov 41:22 (figuratively of crocodile).

figuratively diligent: as noun Mishlei 21:5; opposite רְמִיָּה Mishlei 10:4; Mishlei 12:24, Mishlei 12:27; opposite עָצֵל Mishlei 13:4.—Daniel 9:25 see iv. חרוץ.

חָרוּץ²

n.[m.] strict decision, only עֵמֶק הֶחָרוּץ Yoel 4:14^(×2) valley of strict decision (see Barth^{l. c.}).

חָרוּץ³

n.[m.] trench, moat (Aramaic חֲרִיצָא; Assyrian ḫariṣu, ḫiriṣu, the same, Delitzsch^HWB)—only in רְחוֹב וְח׳ Daniel 9:25, si vera l.; as above Gesenius Herzf Ewald Zö Meinh (q.see); Gratz רְחוֹב וחיץ; < Septuagint Bev רְחוֹב וָחוּץ with public places and streets.

חָרוּץ⁴

proper name (masc.) father of king Amon’s mother Melachim Beis 21:19, Septuagint Αρους.

חָרוּץ⁵

noun (masc.) ^{Mishlei 8:10} gold, poet. (Phoenician חרץ, see Driver^{Smend xxviii.}; Assyrian ḫurâṣu)—חָרוּץ Tehillim 68:14 + 5 times; gold, always ‖ כֶּסֶף; Zecharia 9:3, of dove’s wings Tehillim 68:14 בִּירַקְרַק ח׳; elsewhere in comparison with value of wisdom, etc. Mishlei 3:14; Mishlei 8:10 (ח׳ נִבְחָר) v Mishlei 8:19; Mishlei 16:16.

חָרַק

verb gnash or grind the teeth, only poet. (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic حَرَقَ file, rub together, grate or grind (teeth); Aramaic ܚܰܪܶܩ the same)—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ח׳ Iyov 16:9; future (עתיד) יַחֲרֹק Tehillim 112:10; וַיַּחַרְקוּ־ Eicha 2:16; infinitive (מקור) absolute חָרֹק Tehillim 35:16; participle (בינוני) חֹרֵק Tehillim 37:12;—grind the teeth in rage against: ח׳ שׁניו על Tehillim 37:12; Tehillim 35:16; absolute without על Tehillim 112:10 Eicha 2:16 (only here c. שֵׁן sing.); c. בְּ instr. (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 119. 3 b. R. Davidson^{Synt. § 73 R. 6}) ח׳ בשׁניו על־ Iyov 16:9.

חָרַר

verb be hot, scorched, burn, poet. & late (Arabic حَرٌّ be hot, burn, thirst; Ethiopic ሐረረ Aramaic חַר; compare Assyrian arâru, glow, SASmAsrb. ^{i, p. 97} Belser^{BAS ii, 155})—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular חָ֫רָה Iyov 30:30, וְחָ֫רָה consec. Yechezkel 24:11, חָ֫רוּ Yeshaya 24:6;—

be hot, scorched, Jerus., under figuratively of caldron Yechezkel 24:11.

burn = be burned, figuratively of men, in י׳’s judgment, Yeshaya 24:6.

burn, of bones of sick men in fever ח׳ מִנִּי־חֹרֶב Iyov 30:30.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נָחָ֑ר Yechezkel 15:4, נִחַר Tehillim 69:4; 3rd plural נִחָ֑רוּ Tehillim 102:4 (Konig^{i. 368}); future (עתיד) וַיֵּחָ֑ר Yechezkel 15:5 יֵח֑רוּ Yechezkel 24:10 (del. Co B and elsewhere)

be scorched, of bellows מַפֻּחַ in fierce fire Yirmiya 6:29 (figuratively); scorched, charred, of the vine (as fuel) Yechezkel 15:4, Yechezkel 15:5 middle part charred, the ends devoured (אכל) by fire (simile of inhab. of Jerus.); bones (simile the same) Yechezkel 24:10 (see above).

burn, of bones in fever Tehillim 102:4 (כְּמוֹקֵד, compare Qal Iyov 30:30); be parched, of throat נח׳ גרוני Tehillim 69:4.—Yeshaya 41:11; Yeshaya 45:24 Shir HaShirim 1:6 see חרה. Niph. 1. נָחַר Yirmiya 6:29 from √ נחר snort, puff, according to Mich Ewald Graf Giesebrecht and elsewhere,—not Duhm.

infinitive (מקור) לְחַרְחַר־רִיב Mishlei 26:21 to kindle strife.

חַרְחוּר²

proper name (masc.) head of a family of returning exiles Ezra 2:51 = Nechemia 7:52; Septuagint Αρου(α)ρ (meaning as above? or from ii. חרר?).

חֹר³

noun (masc.) ^{Melachim Alef 21:8} noble, late, especially Neh., see Driver^{Intr. 519 n.} (see Lagarde^{BN 32}) compare Noldeke^{ZMG lvii (1903), 416}.—only plural חֹרִים Melachim Alef 21:8 + 6 times, חוֹרִים Koheles 10:17, Nechemia 6:17 + 3 times; with suffix חֹרֶיהָ Yeshaya 34:12;—nobles in Naboth’s city Melachim Alef 21:8, Melachim Alef 21:11; nobles of Judah, חֹרֵי יְהוּדָה Melachim Alef 6:17; Melachim Alef 13:17 Yirmiya 27:20; Yirmiya 39:6 Nechemia 6:17; Nechemia 13:17, הח׳ והסגנים (in Jerusalem) Nechemia 2:16; Nechemia 4:8, Nechemia 4:13; Nechemia 5:7; Nechemia 7:5, Koheles 10:17, of Edom Yeshaya 34:12.—i. חֹר, see ii. חור.

חֹר⁴

n.[m.] hole;—absolute חֹר Melachim Beis 12:10 Yechezkel 8:7 (del. Co B etc.), חוֹר Shir HaShirim 5:4, חֹרִים Shmuel Alef 14:11; construct חֹרֵי Iyov 30:6; with suffix חֹרָיו Nachum 2:13, חֹרֵיהֶן Zecharia 14:12;—hole in lid of chest Melachim Beis 12:10 (made by boring, נקב), in door Shir HaShirim 5:4; in wall Yechezkel 8:7 (see supra); = eye-socket עיניו תִּמַּקְנָה בְּח׳ Zecharia 14:12 (plague of enemies of Jerusalem); holes as hiding-places for men Shmuel Alef 14:11, so also Shmuel Alef 13:6 Ewald Wellhausen Driver (for Masoretic Text חוחים), dwelling of outcast people חרי עָפָר Iyov 30:6; of dens of lions Nachum 2:13.—i. חֹר, see ii. חור.

חֻר

n.[m.] the same—plural חוּרִים Yeshaya 42:22 as hiding-places of men; s. construct חֻר Yeshaya 11:8 hole of asp (פָּ֑תֶן).

חֹרִי⁴

adjective, usually proper namegent. et person (probably = cave-dweller, so Gesenius' Thesaurus Robinson-Gesenius. Muhlau-Volck VB; see also W Max Müll ^{Asien u. Europa 136, 155, 156})—

adjective gent. שֵׂעִיר הַח׳ Breishis 36:20 Seir the Horite; read הַח׳ also v Breishis 36:2 for Masoretic Text הַחִוִּי.

proper namegent. always c. art.; usually singular coll. הַחֹרִי, ancient inhabitants of land of Edom Breishis 14:6 (בְּהַרֲרָם שֵׂעִיר); in P called בְּנֵי שֵׂעִיר בְּאֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם Breishis 36:21 (vid. v Breishis 36:20); compare v Breishis 36:29, Breishis 36:30; according to Devarim 2:12 (where alone הַחֹרִים), v Devarim 2:22 they were driven out by sons of Esau (yet see Breishis 36l. c. and Dillmann); Septuagint ὁ Χορραιος, οἱ Χορραιοι, (Breishis 36:29, Breishis 36:30 Χορρ(ε)ι).

proper namepersonm.

חֹרִי an Edomite Breishis 36:22 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:39; Septuagint Χορρ(ε)ι.

חוֹרי a Simeonite Bamidbar 13:5, but Septuagint Σουρ(ε)ι, SeptuagintL Σουδρι.—i. חֹרִי see under i. חור.

חֶ֫רֶשׂ

n.[m.] earthenware, earthen vessel, sherd, potsherd, P and late (Mishnaic Hebrew חֶרֶס, Aramaic חֲרַס)—absolute ח׳ Vayikra 6:21 + 9 times, חָ֑רֶשׂ Bamidbar 5:17 + 4 times; plural construct חַרְשֵׂי Yeshaya 45:9; with suffix חֲרָשֶׂיהָ Yechezkel 23:34.—

earthenware: כְּלִי־ח׳ earthen vessel Yirmiya 32:14; especially P Vayikra 6:21; Vayikra 11:33; Vayikra 14:5, Vayikra 14:50; Vayikra 15:12; Bamidbar 5:17; without כְּלִי Mishlei 26:23; compare בַּקְבֻּק יוֹצֵר ח׳ Yirmiya 19:1; לְנִבְלֵי ח׳ Eicha 4:2 they are reckoned as earthen vessels, simile of sons of Zion; חֶרֶשׂ אֶת־חַרְשֵׂי אֲדָמָה Yeshaya 45:9 a potsherd (perhaps = earthen vessel, see Mishlei 26:23 above) among earthen potsherds (of men, over against י׳ their potter); simile of dryness Tehillim 22:16.

a fragment of earthenware, sherd Yeshaya 30:14 Yechezkel 23:34; ה׳ לְהִתְגָּרֵד Iyov 2:8 a sherd to scrape himself; חַדּוּדֵי ח׳ Iyov 41:22 sharpest potsherds, figuratively of sharp scales on belly of crocodile.

חֶ֫רֶס³

n.[m.] an eruptive disease, itch (Aramaic חַרְסָא, ܚܶܪܣܳܐ; also ܚܰܪܘܽܣ rough, etc.)—וּבֶחָ֑רֶס Devarim 28:27 (‖ עפלים Kesiv, גָּרָב),—i, ii. חֶרֶס see under חרס.

חָרַשׁ

verb cut in, engrave, plough, devise (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, plough, so Ethiopic ሐረሰ Phoenician חרש, Aramaic (rare) חֲרַת engrave, ܚܪܰܬ cleave, plough, Arabic حَرَثَ plough)—

past (עבר) חָֽרְשׁוּ Tehillim 129:3, חֲרַשְׁתֶּם Shoftim 14:18 Hoshea 10:13; future (עתיד) יַחֲרֹשׁ Yeshaya 28:24 Mishlei 20:4; יַחֲרוֹשׁ Hoshea 10:11 + Amos 6:12 (see below); 2nd masculine singular תַּחֲרֹשׁ Devarim 22:10 Mishlei 3:29; infinitive (מקור) construct חֲרֹשׁ Shmuel Alef 8:12; participle (בינוני) חֹרֵשׁ Breishis 4:22 + 5 times; חוֹרֵשׁ Amos 9:13; plural חֹרְשִׁים Tehillim 129:3, חֹרְשֵׁי Iyov 4:8 + 3 times, fpl. absolute חֹרְשׁוֹת Iyov 1:14; passive חֲרוּשָׁה Yirmiya 17:1:—

cut in, engrave, of worker in metals ח׳ נְחֹשֶׁת וּבַרְזֶל Breishis 4:22, ח׳ נחשׁת Melachim Alef 7:14; figuratively ח׳ עַל־לוּחַ לִבָּם Yirmiya 17:1 engraved on the tablet of their heart.

plough, literally, human subj. (animal usually c. בְּ), no object expr. Melachim Alef 19:19 Devarim 22:10 Yeshaya 28:24, so יַחֲרוֹשׁ בבקרים Amos 6:12 (but read probably יֵחָרֵשׁ בבקר יָם, see Wellhausen and elsewhere); with a direct object cogn. ח׳ חֲרִישׁוֹ Shmuel Alef 8:12 plough his ploughing (= do his ploughing), Mishlei 20:4; figuratively Shoftim 14:18 Hoshea 10:11; with ethical ref. ח׳ רֶשַׁע v Hoshea 10:13 (‖ קצר), ח׳ אָוֶן Iyov 4:8 (‖ זרע, קצר); עַל־גַּבִּי חָֽרְשׁוּ חֹרְשִׁים Tehillim 129:3 upon my back have ploughmen ploughed (figuratively of oppression by wicked); חֹרֵשׁ = ploughman Yeshaya 28:24, Amos 9:13 (‖ קוֹצֵר); ח׳ with oxen subj. only Iyov 1:14.

devise (as one who works in, practises), usually bad sense, object רָעָה Mishlei 3:29, רַע Mishlei 6:14; מַחְשְׁבוֹת אָוֶן v Mishlei 6:18, חֹרְשֵׁי רַע Mishlei 12:20; Mishlei 14:22; but also חֹרְשֵׁי טוֹב v Mishlei 14:22.

future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular צִיּוֹן שָׂדֶה תֵּחָרֵשׁ Micha 3:12 Zion, as a field she shall be ploughed = Yirmiya 26:18.

participle (בינוני) מַחֲרִישׁ רָעָה עַל־ Shmuel Alef 23:9 fabricating mischief against (see Driver, and compare Wellhausen).

חָרָשׁ

noun (masc.) ^{Shemos 38:23} graver, artificer (Phoenician חרש)—absolute ח׳ (= חַרָּשׁ) Shemos 35:35 + 14 times; construct חָרַשׁ Shemos 28:11 + 2 times; plural חָֽרָשִׁים Hoshea 13:2 + 7 times; חֲרָשִׁים Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:14^(×2) Nechemia 11:35 (see below); construct חָֽרָשֵׁי Shmuel Beis 5:11 + 6 times;—

graver, artificer:

worker in metal Shmuel Alef 13:19 Hoshea 8:6; Hoshea 13:2 Devarim 27:15 Yirmiya 10:9 (‖ צֹרֵף), Yeshaya 40:19 (‖ the same), Yeshaya 54:16 Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:5; ח׳ בַּרְזֶל Yeshaya 44:12 Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:12; perhaps also Yeshaya 41:7 (+ צֹרֵף); appar. = hammerer Zecharia 2:3 (symbol.).

worker in wood ח׳ עֵץ Shmuel Beis 5:11 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 14:1 (עֵצִים), Melachim Beis 12:12; Melachim Beis 22:6 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:11, Yirmiya 10:3 Yeshaya 40:20; Yeshaya 44:13 (see also Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:15 below); perhaps also Ezra 3:7 Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:12 (both ‖ חצב).

worker in stone ח׳ אֶבֶן קִיר Shmuel Beis 5:11 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 14:1 (om. אבן); also of engraving on gems ח׳ אבן Shemos 28:11 (P; ‖ פִּתּוּחֵי חֹתָם); see also following

in generally ח׳ אֶבֶן וָעֵץ Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:15; idol-maker ח׳ צִירִים Yeshaya 45:16, compare Yeshaya 44:11 (also v Yeshaya 44:12, Yeshaya 44:13 above), Melachim Beis 24:14, Melachim Beis 24:16 Yirmiya 24:1; Yirmiya 29:2 (all ‖ מַסְגֵּר), Shemos 35:35; Shemos 38:23 (both P; both ‖ חֹשֵׁב). In גֵּיא חֲרָשִׁים Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:14, גֵּי הַחֲ׳ Nechemia 11:35 valley of (the) artificers, and חֲרָשִׁים artificers Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:14, ח has—ֲ exceptionally, see Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 183 a Konig^{ii § 60. 5}; read חָֽרָשִׁים?

figuratively ח׳ מַשְׁחִית Yechezkel 21:36 men skilled to destroy.

חָרִישׁ

noun (masc.) ploughing, ploughing-time—absolute ח׳ וְקָצִיר Breishis 45:6 ploughing and harvesting; also (= time of ploughing and harvest) Shemos 34:21; c. with suffix as direct object cogn. חָרַשׁ חֲרִישׁוֹ Shmuel Alef 8:12 (see above חָרַשׁ 2).

חָרֵשׁ

verb

be silent, dumb, speechless;

be deaf; chiefly poet. (Mishnaic Hebrew Pi. make deaf; Aramaic ܚܪܶܫ, ܚܪܰܫ be dumb, deaf; Arabic خَرِسَ be dumb, speechless, compare Assyrian ḫarâšu, restrain, according to Delitzsch^{Pr 100}; see Lagarde^{BN 120})—

future (עתיד) יֶחֱרָ֑שׁ Tehillim 50:3; 2nd masculine singular תֶּחֱרַשׁ Tehillim 28:1; Tehillim 83:2; תֶּחֱרַ֑שׁ Tehillim 35:22; Tehillim 109:1; תֶּחֱרָ֑שׁ Tehillim 39:13; Tehillim 39:3 fpl. תֶּחֱרַ֑שְׁנָה Micha 7:16;—

be silent, always of God’s keeping silence when men pray Tehillim 35:22; Tehillim 50:3; Tehillim 83:2; Tehillim 109:1; followed by אֶל־ Tehillim 39:13.

be deaf, subj. י׳, followed by מִמֶּנִּי Tehillim 28:1; subj. אָזְנַיִם Micha 7:16.

past (עבר) חֶחֱרִשׁ Bamidbar 30:15 Breishis 34:5; וְהֶחֱרִישׁ consec. Bamidbar 30:5, Bamidbar 30:8; וְהֶחֱרִשׁ consec. Bamidbar 30:12; הֶחֱרַ֫שְׁתִּי Esther 7:4 + 2 times etc.; future (עתיד) יַחֲרִישׁ Bamidbar 30:15 + 2 times (incl. Tzefania 3:17 see below); 2nd masculine singular תַּחֲרִישׁ Chavakuk 1:13; juss. תַּחְרֵשׁ Shmuel Alef 7:8; 2nd masculine plural תַּחֲרִישׁוּן Iyov 13:5; תַּחֲרִשׁוּן Shemos 14:14, etc.; imperative (ציווי) הַחֲרֵשׁ Shoftim 18:19 + 2 times; הַחֲרִ֫ישִׁי Shmuel Beis 13:20; הַחֲרִ֫ישׁוּ Iyov 13:13 Yeshaya 41:1; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַחֲרֵשׁ Bamidbar 30:15 + 2 times; participle (בינוני) מַחֲרִישׁ Breishis 24:21 + 2 times (incl. Shmuel Alef 10:27 see below); מַחֲרִישִׁים Shmuel Beis 19:11;—

be silent (= exhibit silence)

almost always of men Breishis 24:21; Breishis 34:5 Shemos 14:14 (all J), Shoftim 18:19 Shmuel Beis 13:20; Shmuel Beis 19:11 Melachim Beis 18:36 = Yeshaya 36:21, Yirmiya 4:19 Iyov 6:24; Iyov 13:5, Iyov 13:13, Iyov 13:19; Iyov 33:31, Iyov 33:33 Mishlei 11:12; Mishlei 17:28 Tehillim 32:3 Nechemia 5:8 Esther 4:14^(×2); Esther 7:4; also וַיְהִי כְּמַחֲרִישׁ Shmuel Alef 10:27 (but read rather ויהי כְּמֵחֹדֶשׁ and it came to pass after about a month, Septuagint Driver); יחרישׁ באהבתו Tzefania 3:17 (Septuagint Peshitta יְחַדֵּשׁ he will renew his love, see especially Buhl^{journal ZAW see 1885, 183}); ח׳ c. לְ person keep silence at one, that is fail to make objection at proper time Bamidbar 30:5, Bamidbar 30:8, Bamidbar 30:12, Bamidbar 30:15^(×3) (all P); הח׳ אלי Yeshaya 41:1 pregn. = come silently unto me; followed by מִן person cease to speak with Yirmiya 38:27; be silent about, pass by in silence, followed by direct object אח׳ בַּדָּיו Iyov 41:4.

rarely of God, permitting evil in silence Chavakuk 1:13 Yeshaya 42:14 Tehillim 50:21.

once causat. make silent, with a direct object Iyov 11:3.

be deaf, shew deafness: אַל־תַּחֲרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ מִזְּעֹק Shmuel Alef 7:8 be not deaf (turning) from us, so as not to cry.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural וַיִּתְחָֽרְשׁוּ Shoftim 16:2 and they kept quiet.

חֵרֵשׁ

adjective deaf—חֵרֵשׁ (= חִרֵּשׁ) Shemos 4:11 + 4 times; plural חֵרְשִׁים Yeshaya 29:18 + 3 times;—deaf, Shemos 4:11 (J; ‖ אִלֵּם), Tehillim 38:14 (‖ the same); also Vayikra 19:14, Yeshaya 29:18; Yeshaya 35:5; Yeshaya 42:18, Yeshaya 42:19 + v Yeshaya 42:19 b (for last עִוֵּר, compare Yeshaya 43:8; Gratz^{JQ 1891, Oct. p. 2} see Cheyne^{commentaries, JQ Jan. 1892, 332}), Yeshaya 43:8; פֶּ֫תֶן ח׳ Tehillim 58:5 a deaf adder.

חֶ֫רֶשׁ

n. m. as adverb silently, secretly—מְרַגְּלִים ח׳ Yehoshua 2:1 exploring secretly.

חֶ֫רֶשׁ²

n.[m.] magic art or perhaps magic drug (Aramaic ܚܰܪܶܫ practice magic, חָרָשׁ, ܚܰܪܳܫܳܐ magician, ܚܶܪܫܳܐ incantation, magic art, preparation of magic potion, so Ethiopic ሐራሲ one using incantations; ሐረስ, ሐርስ, ሐራs incantation, magic; comp. perhaps Arabic خُرْسٌ, خُرْسَةٌ a medicinal broth given to women in childbed; חֶרֶשׁ perhaps magical drug, see Robertson Smith^{JPh. xiv. 1885, 125})—only חֲכַם חֲרָשִׁים Yeshaya 3:3 skilled in magic arts, or drugs (‖ נְבוֹן לָ֑חַשׁ), (> others generally = handicraft).

חֶ֫רֶשׁ³

proper name (masc.) a Levite Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:15 Septuagint Ραραιηλ, A Αρες, SeptuagintL Αρης.

חַרְשָׁא

proper name (masc.) head of a family of returning exiles Ezra 2:52 Septuagint Αρησα, SeptuagintL Βαασα, = Nechemia 7:53 Septuagint Αδασα.

חֲרָשִׁים

see חָרָשׁ and גַּיְא; also ii. חֶרֶשׁ.

חֶרֶת

proper name (place), only in יַעַר חָ֑רֶת Shmuel Alef 22:5.

חָשַׂךְ

verb withhold, refrain (Mishnaic Hebrew חָסַךְ, Aramaic חֲסַךְ, ܚܣܰܟ Palmyrene חסך remit, spare, Vog^{Nos. 6, 15}; Sabean משחכן weaned (child) D.H. Müller^{ZMG 1875, 608})—

past (עבר) חָשַׂךְ Breishis 39:9 + 4 times (+ Yechezkel 30:18 Barth; see חשׁך; Yeshaya 38:17 see below), חָשָׂ֑ךְ Yeshaya 14:6, חָֽשְׂכוּ Iyov 30:10, חָשָׂ֑כוּ Yirmiya 14:10, etc.; future (עתיד) יַחְשׂךְ Iyov 16:5 + 2 times; 2nd masculine singular תַּחְשׂךְ Yeshaya 58:1, תַּחְשׂוֹךְ Mishlei 24:11; 2nd feminine singular תַּחְשׂ֑כִי Yeshaya 54:2, etc.; imperative (ציווי) חֲשׂךְ Tehillim 19:14; participle (בינוני) חֹשֵׂךְ Mishlei 10:19; Mishlei 11:24; חוֹשֵׂךְ Mishlei 13:24; Mishlei 17:27; followed by—

withhold, keep back, keep for oneself, direct object, Breishis 22:12, v Breishis 22:16; Breishis 39:9 (followed by מִמֶּנִּי; both J); absolute Mishlei 21:26 (opposite נָתַן); withhold the rod (שׁבט) in discipline, Mishlei 13:24; no object expr. Mishlei 11:24; Mishlei 24:11.

keep one from evil, calamity, Sheʾôl etc., with a direct object and מִן Breishis 20:6, Shmuel Alef 25:39 Tehillim 19:14; ח׳ מִמָּוֶת נַפְשָׁם Tehillim 78:50 compare Iyov 33:18 Yeshaya 38:7 (read חָשַׂכְתָּ or חֲשׂךְ for Masoretic Text חָשַׁקְתָּ, see חשׁק); absolute hinder (that is calamities from coming) Yeshaya 14:6; ח׳ לְמַטָּה מֵעֲוֹנֵנוּ Ezra 9:13 thou hast kept back, downward (= and kept down), part of our iniquity, that is hast not punished us according to our full desert.

hold in check with a direct object Shmuel Beis 18:16 (or spare see below); object רַגְלֵיהֶם Yirmiya 14:10; especially of keeping silence, object פִּי Iyov 7:11 restrain my mouth, שׂפתים Mishlei 10:19, אמרים Mishlei 17:27; מִפָּנַי לֹא ח׳ רֹק Iyov 30:10 from my face they have not withheld spittle (= they have spit in my face).

refrain (from doing what is mentioned in the context), absolute Yeshaya 54:2; Yeshaya 58:1.

spare, with a direct object person Melachim Beis 5:20 he hath spared Naaman מִקַּחַת so as not to take (= and hath not taken anything) out of his hand; perhaps also Shmuel Beis 18:16 Joab spared the people (v above).

reserve for, with a direct object + לְ Iyov 38:23.

(absolute) restrain, check (pain) i. e. assuage, so appar. Masoretic Text Iyov 16:5 (see Dillmann Kau; I would not restrain condolence of my lips, Septuagint Peshitta Me, reading לא אחשׂך for יחשׂך).—Yechezkel 30:18 see חשׁך.

future (עתיד) לְיוֹם אֵיד יֵחָשֶׂךְ־רָע Iyov 21:30 at the day of calamity the wicked is spared (passive of Qal 1 e); יֵחָשֵׂךְ Iyov 16:6 be assuaged, of pain (passive of Qal 2).

חָשַׂף

verb strip off, strip, make bare—

past (עבר) חָשַׂף Yeshaya 52:10, חֲשָׂפָהּ Yoel 1:7, חָשַׂפְתִּי Yirmiya 13:26; Yirmiya 49:10; future (עתיד) וַיֶּחֱשֹׂף Tehillim 29:9; imperative (ציווי) fs. חֶשְׂפִּי־ Yeshaya 47:2; infinitive (מקור) absolute חָשׂף Yoel 1:7; construct לַחְשֹׂף Yeshaya 30:14 Chaggai 2:16; participle (בינוני) passive חֲשׂוּפָה Yechezkel 4:7, חֲשׂוּפַי Yeshaya 20:4 (plural construct? compare below).—

strip off, expose oneself by removing (object שֹׁבֶל, flowing skirt, train) Yeshaya 47:2 of Babylon, personified as queen (‖ גַּלִּי שׁוֹק), ח׳ שׁוּלַיִךְ עַל־פָּנַיִךְ Yirmiya 13:26.

strip, lay bare, figuratively of י׳ Yeshaya 52:10 object זְרוֹעַ קדשׁו; of prophet, Yechezkel 4:7 (but Co del. see as interpol.); object person Yirmiya 49:10 (‖ גִּלֵּיתִי); חָשׂף חשׂפהּ Yoel 1:7 of locusts stripping fig-tree; חֲשׂוּפַי שֵׁת Yeshaya 20:4 (pt. either singular coll., with formative ending ַי, De Lagarde^{Se i, 19 (compare 69), BN 192}; or plural construct, see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 87, 1 c.); ח׳ יְעָרוֹת Tehillim 29:9 of voice of י׳ (that is a storm) stripping forests.

draw (water) Yeshaya 30:14; (wine) Chaggai 2:16; properly take from the surface, skim.

חֲשׂוּפָא

proper name (masc.) head of a family of Nethinim among the returning exiles חֲשׂוּפָא Ezra 2:43 = חֲשֻׂפָא Nechemia 7:45.

חֲשׂוּפַי

Yeshaya 20:4 see חשׂף.

חָשַׁב

verb think, account (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic חֲשַׁב, ܚܫܶܒ Arabic حَسَبَ; Ethiopic ሐሰበ: the same; Phoenician n. חשב meaning doubtful see CIS^{i. 86})—

past (עבר) ח׳ Yeshaya 33:8 + 9 times; חָשַׁבְתָּה Shmuel Beis 14:13 etc.; future (עתיד) יַחְשֹׁב Yeshaya 10:7 + 4 times; יַחֲשָׁב־ Shmuel Beis 19:20 Tehillim 40:18; with suffix יַחְשְׁבֵנִי Iyov 19:11; Iyov 33:10; plural יַחְשְׁבוּ Tehillim 41:8 Daniel 11:25; יַחְשֹׁ֑בוּ Yeshaya 13:17; יַחֲשֹׁבוּן Tehillim 35:20; נַחְשְׁבָה Yirmiya 18:18, etc. + 9 times future (עתיד); inf. construct לַחְשֹׁב Shemos 31:4 + 3 times; participle (בינוני) חֹשֵׁב Shemos 26:1 + 15 times, חוֹשֵׁב Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:15; חֹשְׁבִים Nechemia 6:2 + 3 times, חֹשְׁבֵי Micha 2:1 + 3 times;—

of man:

think, account לבבו לא כן יחשׁב Yeshaya 10:7 not so thinketh his mind; חשׁבי שׁמוֹ Malachi 3:16 those thinking of his name; followed by 2 direct object חשׁבנהו נגוע Yeshaya 53:4 we thought him stricken; elsewhere with a direct object + לְ Breishis 38:15, Shmuel Alef 1:13 Iyov 19:15; Iyov 35:2; Iyov 41:24; so, figuratively, of crocodile Iyov 41:19 he reckoneth iron as straw.

devise, plan, mean, with a direct object מַחֲשֶׁבֶת רָעָה Yechezkel 38:10, רעה Tehillim 35:4; Tehillim 140:3 Zecharia 7:10; Zecharia 8:17, תַּהְפֻּכ֑וֹת Mishlei 16:30, מְזִמּוֹת Tehillim 10:2; Tehillim 21:12, דִּבְרֵי מִרְמוֹת Tehillim 35:20, אָוֶן Micha 2:1 Yechezkel 11:2 Tehillim 36:5, הַוּוֹת Tehillim 52:4; ח׳ רע(ה) על devise evil against Breishis 50:20, Yirmiya 48:2 Nachum 1:11, ח׳ רעה לְ Tehillim 41:8, ח׳ מַחֲשֶׁבֶת על Yirmiya 11:19; Yirmiya 18:11, Yirmiya 18:18; Yirmiya 49:30 Daniel 11:25 Esther 8:3; Esther 9:25, ח׳ כזאת על Shmuel Beis 14:13; c. inf. Shmuel Alef 18:25 Yirmiya 18:8; Yirmiya 23:27 Iyov 6:26 Nechemia 6:2, Nechemia 6:6 Esther 9:24 Tehillim 140:5; c. לבלתי + future (עתיד) Shmuel Beis 14:14 (reading חוֹשֵׁב for וְחָשַׁב and taking man as subj. Wellhausen Driver; in this case לבלתי carries on לֹא יִשָּׂא).

count, reckon ח׳ עון ל׳, Shmuel Beis 19:20 Tehillim 32:2 reckon iniquity to.

esteem, value, regard, silver Yeshaya 13:17, a man Yeshaya 33:8, the servant of י׳ Yeshaya 53:3.

invent ingenious and artistic things, ח׳ להם כלי שׁיר Amos 6:5 invent for themselves instruments of music; ח׳ (כל) מחשׁבת invent cunning work (of artistic devices in construct of tabern.) Shemos 31:4; Shemos 35:32, Shemos 35:35 (all P), so Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:13; מַעֲשֵׂה חֹשֵׁב work of the cunning (ingenious, inventive) workman (of artistic devices in weaving; see especially VB and Dillmann) Shemos 26:1, Shemos 26:31; Shemos 28:6, Shemos 28:15; Shemos 36:8, Shemos 36:35; Shemos 39:3, Shemos 39:8 (all P); מַחֲשֶׁבֶת חוֹשֵׁב Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:15 inventions of inventive men (of engines of war); חָרָשׁ וְחשֵׁב craftsman and inventive workman (in construct of tabern., vid. above) Shemos 35:35; Shemos 38:23.

of God:

think, with a direct object person + לְ indirect object account one לאויב, for an enemy Iyov 13:24; Iyov 33:10; ח׳ לוֹ כצריו Iyov 19:11 he accounted me unto him as his adversaries.

devise, plan, mean, with a direct object + ל indirect object לטבה for good Breishis 50:20; c. ל person לִי devise for me Tehillim 40:18; direct object rei + עַל, devise something against a person Micha 2:3 Yirmiya 18:11; towards one Yirmiya 29:11, c. אל against Yirmiya 49:20; Yirmiya 50:45; followed by inf. Yirmiya 26:3; Yirmiya 36:3 Eicha 2:8.

count, reckon with a direct object rei + ל person, the habit of believing in י׳ he reckoned to Abram as righteousness Breishis 15:6 (compare Niph. 3); not reckon iniquity to one Tehillim 32:2.

past (עבר) נֶחְשַׁב Bamidbar 18:27, Bamidbar 18:30, נֶחְשַׁבְתִּי Tehillim 88:5 etc. + 10 times past (עבר); future (עתיד) יֵחָשֵׁב Vayikra 7:18 + 7 times, etc., + 6 times future (עתיד); participle (בינוני) נֶחְשָׁב Yeshaya 2:22 Melachim Alef 10:21 Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:20:—

be accounted, thought, esteemed, c. כְּ as Hoshea 8:12 Yeshaya 5:28; Yeshaya 29:16; Yeshaya 40:15 Tehillim 44:23 Iyov 18:3; Iyov 41:21; c. לְ Yeshaya 29:17 = Yeshaya 32:15, Eicha 4:2; עִם with, among Tehillim 88:5, בַּמֶּה Yeshaya 2:22 at what (value)? (see probably interpol.; om. Septuagint); with a direct object Devarim 2:11, Devarim 2:20 Mishlei 17:28 Nechemia 13:13; נָכְרִיּוֹת נֶחְשַׁבְנוּ לוֹ Breishis 31:15 (E; Septuagint Sam כְּנֶח׳) Yeshaya 40:17.

be computed, reckoned, c. לְ Yehoshua 13:3, עַל Vayikra 25:31, Shmuel Beis 4:2: absolute כסף was not counted (so plentiful was it) Melachim Alef 10:21 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:20 Melachim Beis 22:7.

be imputed to any one, c. לְ Vayikra 7:18 Bamidbar 18:27, Bamidbar 18:30 (all P), Vayikra 17:4 Mishlei 27:14; the interposition of Phinehas נח׳ לוֹ לצדקה Tehillim 106:31 was imputed to him for righteousness (compare Qal II 3).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular חִשַּׁב Vayikra 25:27 + 4 times; f. חִשְּׁבָה Yonah 1:4; 1st singular חִשַּׁבְתִּי Tehillim 77:6; Tehillim 119:59; future (עתיד) יְחַשֵּׁב Mishlei 16:9 Daniel 11:24, תְּחַשְּׁבוּן Nachum 1:9, etc., + 4 times future (עתיד); participle (בינוני) מְחַשֵּׁב Mishlei 24:8:—

think upon, consider, be mindful of, with a direct object Tehillim 77:6; Tehillim 119:59, (מה) בֶּן־אֱנוֹשׁ וַתְּחַשְּׁבֵהוּ (מה) Tehillim 144:3 what (is) man’s son, and thou thinkest upon him (‖ תֵּדָעֵהוּ).

think to do, devise, plan. with a direct object Mishlei 16:9, אֶל of persons against whom Hoshea 7:15 Nachum 1:9, עַל Daniel 11:24; c. inf. Tehillim 73:16 Mishlei 24:8; so of inanim. object הָאֳנִיָּה חִשְּׁבָה לְהִשָּׁבֵר Yonah 1:4 the ship was about to (minded to) be broken up.

count, reckon, the years since a sale of land Vayikra 25:27; c. לְ person Vayikra 25:52, Vayikra 27:18, Vayikra 27:23; c. עִם Vayikra 25:50; c. אֶת Melachim Beis 12:16.

future (עתיד) בַּגּוֹיִם לֹא יִתְחַשָּׁ֑ב Bamidbar 23:9 among the nations it shall not reckon itself.

חֵ֫שֶׁב

noun (masc.) ingenious work, name of the girdle or band of the ephod (cunningly woven band, Revised Version), only P; always in combin., ח׳ האפ(ו)ד Shemos 28:27, Shemos 28:28; Shemos 29:5; Shemos 39:20, Shemos 39:21 Vayikra 8:7; ח׳ אֲפֻדָּתוֹ Shemos 28:8; Shemos 39:5.

חַשּׁוּב

proper name (masc.) (considerate)—

a Levite chief Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:14 Nechemia 11:15, Septuagint Ασουβ.

builders at the wall:

Nechemia 3:11; Nechemia 10:24, Septuagint Ασουβ, Ασουθ.

Nechemia 3:23, Septuagint Ασουβ.

חֶשְׁבּוֹן

noun (masc.) reckoning, account (Mishnaic Hebrew Aramaic the same) Koheles 9:10, בקּשׁ ח׳ Koheles 7:25, מצא ח׳ Koheles 7:27.

חֶשְׁבּוֹן²

proper name (place) of the city of Sihon king of the Amorites Bamidbar 21:26, Bamidbar 21:27, Bamidbar 21:28, Bamidbar 21:30, Bamidbar 21:34; Bamidbar 32:3 (all E); Devarim 1:4; Devarim 2:24, Devarim 2:26, Devarim 2:30; Devarim 3:2, Devarim 3:6; Devarim 4:46; Devarim 29:6 Yehoshua 9:10; Yehoshua 12:2, Yehoshua 12:5; Yehoshua 13:10, Yehoshua 13:21, Yehoshua 13:27 (all D) Shoftim 11:19 Yirmiya 48:45 Nechemia 9:22; captured by Israel who dwelt in it Bamidbar 21:25 Shoftim 11:26; rebuilt by Reuben Bamidbar 32:37, given to Reuben at the division of the land Yehoshua 13:17; on the border of Gad, Yehoshua 13:26, it subsequently fell to Gad and was assigned to Levites out of that tribe Yehoshua 21:39 Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:66; the Moabites gained possession of it Yeshaya 15:4; Yeshaya 16:8, Yeshaya 16:9 and subsequently the Ammonites Yirmiya 48:2, Yirmiya 48:34, Yirmiya 48:45; Yirmiya 49:3; it was celebrated for its ponds Shir HaShirim 7:5.—Mod. Ḥusbân, Seetzen^{Reisen i. 407} Robinson^{BR i. 551} Bd^{Pal 191} Survey^{EP 8}.

חֲשַׁבְיָ֫הוּ

proper name (masc.) (Yah(u) has taken account)—

חֲשַׁבְיָהוּ a temple musician Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:3 = חֲשַׁבְיָה v Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:19; Septuagint in both Ασαβια.

חֲשַׁבְיָה a Levite, David’s time Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:17; perhaps = חֲשַׁבְיָהוּ, officer of David in Hebron Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:30; in both Septuagint Ασαβιας.

חֲשַׁבְיָהוּ a Levite, Josiah’s time Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:9; Septuagint Ασαβια. Elsewhere חשׁביה:

Levite in line of Merari Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:30 Septuagint Ασεβ(ε)ι, Ασαβια.

Levite Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:14, Septuagint Ασαβια = Nechemia 11:15, A SeptuagintL Ασαβιου[ας].

Levite, Ezra’s time Ezra 8:19, Ezra 8:24 Nechemia 10:12; Nechemia 11:22; Nechemia 12:24 (Septuagint Ασαβιας etc.) = חֲשַׁבְנְיָה 2, q.see

head of a family of priests Nechemia 12:21, Septuagint Ασαβιας

a builder at the wall Nechemia 3:17, Septuagint Ασαβια(ς).

חֲשַׁבְנָה

proper name (masc.) (this and following perhaps textual error for חשׁביה(ו); yet Septuagint Εσαβανα, SeptuagintL Ασβανα)—a chief of the people, Nehemiah’s time Nechemia 10:26. Vid. also following.

חֲשַׁבְנְיָה

proper name (masc.) (see foregoing);—

father of a builder at the wall Nechemia 3:10, Septuagint Ασβαναμ; SeptuagintL Σαβανιου[-ας].

a Levite Nechemia 9:5 (om. Septuagint) = חֲשַׁבְיָה 6.

חֻשִׁים²

see above p. 302 and

חָשַׁךְ

verb be, grow dark (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic חֲשַׁךְ, ܚܫܶܟ; Arabic حَسِكَ bear rancour, see Lagarde^{BN 30})—

past (עבר) ח׳ Yeshaya 5:30 + 4 times; וְחָֽשְׁכָה consec. Micha 3:6 (but see below); חָֽשְׁכוּ Eicha 5:17; וְחָֽשְׁכוּ consec. Koheles 12:3; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תֶּחְשַׁךְ Koheles 12:2; וַתֶּחְשַׁךְ Shemos 10:15; 3rd masculine plural יֶחְשְׁכוּ Iyov 3:9; Iyov 3:3 fpl. תֶּחְשַׁכְנָה Tehillim 69:24;—

be, grow dark, אוֹר Yeshaya 5:30, compare (figuratively) Iyov 18:6; הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Yeshaya 13:16 (figuratively); היום Yechezkel 30:18 (where read חשׁך, for Masoretic Text Baer חשׂך); Iyov 3:9 (subj. כוכבים), compare Koheles 12:2 (subj. השׁמשׁ, האור, הירח, הכוכבים); impers. Micha 3:6 (si vera l.; but read probably וַחֲשֵׁכָה, corresponding with לַיְלָה preceding).

have a dark colour: ח׳ מִשְּׁחוֹר תָּֽאֳרָם Eicha 4:8 darker than blackness is their visage; of the earth הָאָרֶץ Shemos 10:15.

grow dim Eicha 5:17 (subj. עינינו), compare Tehillim 69:24 (figuratively), Koheles 12:3 subj. הָרֹאוֹת that is the eyes

past (עבר) הֶחְשִׁיךְ Amos 5:8, וְהַחֲשַׁכְתִּ֫י Amos 8:9; future (עתיד) יַחֲשִׁיךְ Tehillim 139:12; יַחְשִׁךְ Yirmiya 13:16; וַיַּחְשִׁךְ Tehillim 105:28; participle (בינוני) מַחְשִׁיךְ Iyov 38:2;—

make dark, יום לילה הח׳ Amos 5:8; absolute cause darkness Yirmiya 13:16 Tehillim 105:28, compare Amos 8:9 (לארץ).

= hide, conceal, followed by מִמֶּךָּ Tehillim 139:12.

figuratively obscure, confuse Iyov 38:2 (object עֵצָה).

חֹ֫שֶׁךְ

noun (masc.) ^{Shemos 10:21} darkness, obscurity;—absolute חֹשֶׁךְ Breishis 1:2 + 75 times (+ Shemos 8:12 del. Co A B etc.); construct the same Shemos 10:22; with suffix חָשְׁכִּי Tehillim 18:29 = Shmuel Beis 22:29;—

darkness (opposite אוֹר) literally Breishis 1:2, Breishis 1:4, Yeshaya 45:7 Iyov 26:10 Koheles 2:13, compare in imprecation Iyov 3:4, Iyov 3:5 (ח׳ וצלמות = לילה Breishis 1:5, Breishis 1:18, compare Yehoshua 2:5, Yeshaya 45:19 Iyov 17:12; Iyov 24:16; Iyov 38:19 Tehillim 104:20; darkness in mines Iyov 28:3; of extraordinary darkness, in Egypt Shemos 10:21^(×2); ח׳־אֲפֵלָה Shemos 10:22, Tehillim 105:28, from pillar of cloud Shemos 14:20; at Mt. Sinai Devarim 4:11; Devarim 5:17; of clouds of theophany Shmuel Beis 22:12 = Tehillim 18:12; of darkness in death, or Sheʾôl, Shmuel Alef 2:9 Iyov 10:21 (אֶרֶץ ח׳ וצלמות), Iyov 17:13; Iyov 18:18 Tehillim 88:13 Mishlei 20:20 (אִישׁוֹן ח׳ = extreme of darkness).

= secret place(s) Id Yeshaya 45:3 Iyov 12:22 (‖ צלמות); = hiding-place Iyov 34:22 (‖ the same), compare Tehillim 139:11, Tehillim 139:12;—on Yechezkel 8:12, see above

figuratively,

= distress Yeshaya 5:30; Yeshaya 9:1; Yeshaya 29:18 (figuratively of blindness), Yeshaya 42:7; Yeshaya 49:9; Yeshaya 58:10; Yeshaya 59:9; Yeshaya 60:2 Eicha 3:2 Micha 7:8 Tehillim 18:29 = Shmuel Beis 22:29, Iyov 15:22, Iyov 15:23, Iyov 15:30; Iyov 20:26; Iyov 22:11; Iyov 23:17; Iyov 29:3 Tehillim 107:10, Tehillim 107:14 (in both ‖ צלמות), Tehillim 112:4 Koheles 5:16; Koheles 11:8.

= dread, terror, symbol. of judgment Amos 5:18, Amos 5:20 Tzefania 1:15 Nachum 1:8 Yechezkel 32:8 Yoel 2:4; Yoel 3:4.

= mourning Yeshaya 47:5.

= perplexity Iyov 5:14; Iyov 12:25; Iyov 19:8; confusion Tehillim 35:6.

= ignorance Iyov 37:19 Koheles 2:14.

= evil, sin Yeshaya 5:20^(×2) Mishlei 2:13.

= obscurity Koheles 6:4^(×2).

חֲשֵׁכָה

noun (fem.) darkness (chiefly poet.)—ח׳ Breishis 15:12 + 2 times, so read also probably Micha 3:6 (for Masoretic Text חָֽשְׁכָה); חֲשֵׁיכָה Tehillim 139:12; construct חֶשְׁכַּת Tehillim 18:12; plural חֲשֵׁכִים Yeshaya 50:10;—darkness, opposite light (אוֹרָה) Tehillim 139:12; supernat., ח׳ גדולה Breishis 15:12; חֶשְׁכַּת־מַיִם Tehillim 18:12 in theoph. (but ‖ Shmuel Beis 22:12 חַשְׁרַת־מים a mass of water); figuratively = lack of understanding Tehillim 82:5; = distress Yeshaya 8:22 (‖ צָרָה), Yeshaya 50:10.

חָשֻׁם

proper name (masc.) head of a family of returned exiles Ezra 2:19 = Nechemia 7:21, Ezra 10:33 compare Nechemia 8:4; Nechemia 10:19.

חַשְׁמַל

n.[m.] etym. and exact meaning doubtful; evidently some shining substance; Authorized Version amber; supposed by Gesenius' Thesaurus (q.see) and most to be a brilliant amalgam of gold and silver, Septuagint ἤλεκτρον (v Liddell & Scott s. see 2), Vulgate electrum; see also Delitzsch in Baer^{Ezech. xii}; only in the combination כְּעֵין ח׳ like the appearance of ח׳ Yechezkel 1:4, Yechezkel 1:27; כְּעֵין הַחַשְׁמַ֑לָה Yechezkel 8:2 (on ending ה—ָ see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 90 f; Co del.).

חֹ֫שֶׁן

noun (masc.) the breast-piece or sacred pouch, containing the אורים ותמים, worn on the breast of the high priest when he ministered in the Holy Place to bring the tribes for memorial before. י׳. It was made of the same material as the ephod (see אֵפוֹד), a span square; set in front with twelve jewels in four rows, engraved with the names of the twelve tribes. It was firmly fastened to the shoulders of the ephod by gold chains passing through gold rings, and to the lower part of the ephod just above the girdle by a blue ribbon passing through other gold rings. It was חשֶׁן (ה)מִשְׁפָּט (Shemos 28:15, Shemos 28:29, Shemos 28:30) pouch of judgment, because of the decision given by the אוּרִים וְתֻמִּים. The name occurs only in P, Shemos 25:7; Shemos 28:4, Shemos 28:15, Shemos 28:22, Shemos 28:23^(×2), Shemos 28:24, Shemos 28:26, Shemos 28:28^(×2), Shemos 28:29, Shemos 28:30; Shemos 29:5; Shemos 35:9, Shemos 35:27; Shemos 39:8, Shemos 39:9, Shemos 39:15, Shemos 39:16, Shemos 39:17, Shemos 39:19, Shemos 39:21^(×2) Vayikra 8:8^(×2).—Vid. Nowack^{Arch. ii. 119.}

חָשַׁק

verb be attached to, love (Mishnaic Hebrew press together, desire (rare); Aramaic חֲשַׁק bind, saddle (an ass))—

past (עבר) ח׳ Devarim 7:7 + 4 times; חָֽשְׁקָה Breishis 34:8; חָשַׁקְתָּ Yeshaya 38:17 (but see below); וְחָֽשַׁקְתָּ֫ Devarim 21:11;—be attached to, only figuratively = love, a woman followed by בְּ Breishis 34:8 Devarim 21:11; elsewhere of י׳’s love for Israel Devarim 7:7; Devarim 10:15, and of love to י׳ Tehillim 91:14; followed by direct object cogn. + לְ and inf. כל־חֵשֶׁק שְׁלֹמה אשׁר ח׳ לִבְנוֹת Melachim Alef 9:19 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:6; חָשַׁקְתָּ נַפְשִׁי מִשַּׁחַת Yeshaya 38:17 literally thou hast loved my soul out of the pit, that is lovingly delivered it; but read חָשַׂכְתָּ thou hast held back, kept, from Septuagint Vulgate Lo Ewald Cheyne Dillmann, or חֲשׂךְ hold back (imperative (ציווי)), so Duhm.

חֵ֫שֶׁק

noun (masc.) desire = thing desired—construct חֵשֶׁק שְׁלֹמֹה Melachim Alef 9:19 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:6, Melachim Alef 9:1; with suffix נֶשֶׁף חִשְׁקִי Yeshaya 21:4 the twilight of my pleasure.

חֲשַׁשׁ

noun (masc.) Yeshaya 5:24 chaff;—absolute תַּהֲרוּ ח׳ תִלְדוּ קַשׁ Yeshaya 33:11 ye conceive chaff, ye bring forth stubble (figuratively of vain attempt of Assyrian); construct ח׳ לֶהָבָה יִרְפֶּח Yeshaya 5:24 (‖ קַשׁ) as flaming chaff sinketh down (simile of perishing of heedless Judahites).

חַת

חֵת

proper name (masc.) appar. represented as ancestor of the Hittites (etym. and meaning unknown; pronounced as from √ ע״ע in Hebrew & Assyrian, but not Egyptian; see חִתִּי below)—‘begotten’ by Canaan Breishis 10:15 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:13; elsewhere only in combin. with בְּנֵי, בְּנוֹת;

בְּנֵי־חֵת according to P lived at Mamre (Hebron), and one of them sold Abraham the cave of Machpelah for a sepulchre Breishis 23:3, Breishis 23:5, Breishis 23:10^(×2), Breishis 23:16, Breishis 23:18, Breishis 23:20; Breishis 25:10; Breishis 49:32.

בְּנוֹת(־)חֵת only of wives of Esau Breishis 27:46^(×2) (P; Septuagint om. v b; ‖ בְּנוֹת הָאָרֶץ = בְּנוֹת כְּנָ֑עַן Breishis 28:1).

חִתִּי

adjective et n.gent. Hittite(s) (Egyptian Ḫ-tá, Ḫetá. W Max Müll^{Asien u. Europa, 319 ff.}; Assyrian Ḫatti, Schrader^{KG 192 ff.} Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament on Breishis 10:19 Delitzsch^Pa, ^{269 ff.}; Tel-el-Amarna Ḫatti, Ḫatta Bez^{Tel el Amarn. Brit. Mus. 150})—m. always c. art. הַחִתִּי Breishis 23:10 Shemos 3:8 +; f. חִתִּית Yechezkel 16:3, Yechezkel 16:45; mpl. הַחִתִּים Yehoshua 1:4 + 3 times; fpl. חִתִּיֹּת Melachim Alef 11:1;—

adjective, of seller of Machpelah to Abr., עֶפְרוֹן הַחִתִּי Breishis 23:10; Breishis 49:29, Breishis 49:30; Breishis 50:13; עֶפְרֹן בֶּן־צֹחַר הַח׳ Breishis 25:9 (all P); of fathers of Esau’s wives בְּאֵרִי הַח׳ Breishis 26:34; אֵילוֹן הַח׳ v Breishis 26:34; Breishis 36:2 (all P); also of warriors of David, אֲחִימֶלֶךְ הַח׳ Shmuel Alef 26:6, and especially אוּרִיָּה הַח׳ Shmuel Beis 11:3, Shmuel Beis 11:6, Shmuel Beis 11:17, Shmuel Beis 11:21, Shmuel Beis 11:24; Shmuel Beis 12:9, Shmuel Beis 12:10; Shmuel Beis 23:39 Melachim Alef 15:5 Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:41; fs. = noun, only of (religious) ancestry of Jerus. Yechezkel 16:3 thy father was the Amorite, and thy mother was a Hittite woman חִתִּית, similarly v Yechezkel 16:45; fpl.; = noun of Sol.’s foreign wives, חִתִּיֹּת Melachim Alef 11:1 Hittite women (+ מוֹאֲבִיּוֹת, עַמּוֹנִיּוֹת, אֲדֹמִיִּת, צֵדְנִיֹּת).

n. usually

coll. הַחִתִּי the Hittites: in lists of Canaanitish peoples Breishis 15:20, Shemos 3:8, Shemos 3:17 (both J), Shemos 13:5, Shemos 23:23, Shemos 23:28; Shemos 33:2; Shemos 34:11 Bamidbar 13:29 Yehoshua 3:10 (all ), Devarim 7:1; Devarim 20:17 Yehoshua 9:1; Yehoshua 12:8; Yehoshua 24:11 (all D); read also for הַחִוִּי Shoftim 3:3 (so Wellhausen Mey Budde^{Urg. 350}); in Yehoshua 11:3 del. הַחִתִּי Wellhausen Mey Budde^l.c., and read then הַחִתִּי for הַחִוִּי v b (so Septuagint, not SeptuagintL); further Melachim Alef 9:20 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:7, Ezra 9:1 Nechemia 9:8.

plural הַחִתִּים: כֹּל אֶרֶץ הַחִתִּים Yehoshua 1:4 nearly = land of Canaanites; ארץ הַח׳ specif. of northern home of Hittites Shoftim 1:26; so also Shmuel Beis 24:6 where read אֶרֶץ הַחִתִּים קֵ֫דְשָׁה (for Masoretic Text תחתים חָדְשִׁי, see חָדְשִׁי, קֵדֶשׁ); מַלְכֵי הַחִתִּים Melachim Alef 10:29 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:17 (both + מַלְכֵי אֲרָם), Melachim Beis 7:6 (+ מַלְכֵי מִצְרַיִם, both feared by אֲרָם). Hence it appears that הַחִתִּי(ם) had their proper seat in the north—where also they were encountered by Assyrians from time of TP I (see Schrader Delitzsch^l.c.), and by Egyptians from time of Tutmes III (see W Max Müll^l.c.).—(compare also Shoftim 3:3 Yehoshua 11:3 above), but that individual Hittites were known in Isr. (compare, besides Shmuel Alef 2:6 Shmuel Beis 11:3 etc., Melachim Alef 9:20 above); that the Hittites were regarded (by JED) as one of the peoples of Canaan, and that the name even came to be used in more generally sense for Canaanites. Only in P do they appear as having a definite settlement in the south, and are designated by בְּנֵי־חֵת (see חֵת), as well as by the adjective הַחתִּי.

חָתָה

verb snatch up, usually fire, coals (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Targum חֲתָא the same (rare); Assyrian ḫatû is destroy (that is snatch away?) see SASmith^{Asrb. i. 90})—

future (עתיד) יַחְתֶּה Mishlei 6:27; with suffix יַחְתְּךָ Tehillim 52:7; infinitive (מקור) construct לַחְתּוֹת Yeshaya 30:14; participle (בינוני) חֹתֶה Mishlei 25:22;—snatch up, with a direct object אֵשׁ מִיָּקוּד Yeshaya 30:14 to snatch up fire from a hearth (‖ לַחְשֹׂף מים מִגֶּבֶא); אֵשׁ בְּחֵיקוֹ Mishlei 6:27 shall a man snatch up fire in his bosom and his garments not be burned? (in simile of adulterer); pregn. seize (and put) upon גֶּחָלִים אַתָּה ח׳ על־רֹאשׁוֹ Mishlei 25:22; יַחְתְּךָ וְיִסָּֽחֲךָ מֵאֹ֑הֶל Tehillim 52:7 God … shall snatch thee away, and pluck thee up tent-less.

חִתָּה

see under חתת.

חִתּוּל

n.[m.] bandage—ח׳ Yechezkel 30:21, for broken arm (in figuratively of Pharaoh’s broken arm).

חֶתְלֹן

proper name (place), on the extreme northern boundary of Isr. territory (in Ezek.’s conception), only דֶּרֶךְ(־)ח׳ Yechezkel 47:15; Yechezkel 48:1; mod. Ḥeitela nearly two hours from sea-coast, according to Furrer^{ZPV viii, 27}.

חָתַם

verb seal, affix seal, seal up (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic חֲתַם, ܚܬܰܡ; Ethiopic ኀተመ Arabic خَتَمَ (whence خَاتَمٌ) is loan-word according to Frä²⁵²)—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַחְתֹּם Iyov 9:7; Iyov 33:6, יַחְתּוֹם Iyov 37:7, וַיַּחְתֹּם Esther 8:10, etc.; imperative (ציווי) חֲתֹם Daniel 12:4, חֲתוֹם Yeshaya 8:16, חִתְמוּ Esther 8:8; infinitive (מקור) absolute חָתוֹם Yirmiya 32:44; construct לַחְתֹּם Daniel 9:24, + v Daniel 9:24 Kesiv (Keri לְהָתֵם); participle (בינוני) active חוֹתֵם Yechezkel 28:12; passive חָתוּם Devarim 32:34 + 2 times, etc.;—

seal, affix one’s seal, in attestation; seal with king’s seal (בְּחֹתָמוֹ) Melachim Alef 21:8, בְּטַבַּעַת המלך Esther 8:8, Esther 8:10; of covenant with י׳, attested by seal (passive) Nechemia 10:1, Nechemia 10:2; figuratively, of י׳ putting his seal upon (בְּ) discipline, that is ratifying it, Iyov 33:16; perhaps also upon hand of man (that man may know י׳’s ways) Iyov 37:7 see De; Dillmann under 2. seal up hand of man, so that he cannot work with it (in winter).

seal up, fasten up by sealing, a deed of sale Yirmiya 32:10, Yirmiya 32:11 (opposite הַגָּלוּי that which was left open), v Yirmiya 32:14, Yirmiya 32:44, a book of prophecy Daniel 12:4 (‖ סְתֹם הַדְּבָרים), compare v Daniel 12:9 (‖ the same), Daniel 9:24; so in simile of unintelligible prophecy Yeshaya 29:11^(×2); חֲתֹם תּוֹרָה בְּלִמֻּדָ֑י Yeshaya 8:16 seal up the teaching among my disciples, that is keep it securely (‖ צוֹר); of י׳’s remembrance of offences חָתוּם בְּאוֹצְרֹתָ֑י Devarim 32:34 (‖ כָּמֻס עִמָּדִי), so חָתוּם בִּצְרוֹר פִּשְׁעִי Iyov 14:17 (‖ וַתִּטְפֹּל עַל־עֲוֹנִי); מַעְיָן חָתוּם Shir HaShirim 4:12 a fountain sealed up, metaphorically of chaste woman (‖ נָעוּל (גַּל) גַּן); וּבְעַד כּוֹכָבִים יַח׳ Iyov 9:7 and about the stars he putteth a seal (‖ of forbidding sun to rise).—אַתָּה חוֹתֵם תָּכְנִית Yechezkel 28:12 is obscure: thou wast one sealing proportion, that is perfection,—wast complete perfection, Gesenius Smend.; wast a sealer of symmetry see Davidson; wast a seal (ring)—that is חוֹתַם construct—of proportion Codd. Septuagint Vulgate Hitzig compare Ewald; text perhaps corrupt, see suggestions in Co.—Daniel 9:24 read Keri לְהָתֵם (see תמם). Iyov 33:16; Iyov 37:7 see under 1.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular [or participle (בינוני)?] נִכְתָּ֔ב וְנֶחְתָּ֖ם Esther 3:12 (it was) written and sealed בְּטַבַּעַת הַמֶּלֶךְ; infinitive (מקור) absolute וְנַחְתּוֹם Esther 8:8 (continuing pt. נִכְתָּ֣ב) also + בְּטַבַּעַת הַמּ׳; both passive of Qal 1. Pi. past (עבר) 3rd plural יוֹמָם הִתְּמוּ־לָמוֹ Iyov 24:16 literally by day they seal up for themselves, that is according to most, they shut themselves up, do not shew themselves (‖ לֹא יָדְעוּ אוֹר); SeptuagintC has ἡμέρας ἐσφράγισαν ἐαυτοῖς (B and elsewhere ἑαυτους), whence Siegf conjunction plausibly יָמִים ח׳ ל׳ they seal up the days unto themselves, that is daytime is for them sealed up and unused.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular אוֹ־הֶחְתִּים בְּשָׂרוֹ מִזּוֹבוֹ Vayikra 15:3 or hath his flesh (genital organ) shewn stoppage by reason of his flux.

חֹתָם

noun (masc.) ^{Iyov 41:7} seal, signet-ring (Aramaic ܚܳܬܡܳܐ; Ethiopic ማኅተም —see Lagarde^{BN 116})—absolute חֹתָם Shemos 28:11 + 2 times; חוֹתָם Yirmiya 22:24 + 8 times; with suffix חֹתָֽמְךָ Breishis 38:18, חֹתָמוֹ Melachim Alef 21:8;—on supposed construct חוֹתַם see foregoing;—seal, signet-ring, hung by a cord (פָּתִיל) about the neck Breishis 38:18 (J; = חֹתֶמֶת v Breishis 38:25), or (later?) worn on (finger of) right hand Yirmiya 22:24, (Benzinger^Archäol. ¹⁰⁶); the two customsappar. combined Shir HaShirim 8:6 (עַל־לִבֶּ֗ךָ, עַל־זְרוֹעֶךָ); used to attest a royal missive Melachim Alef 21:8 (instr. of verb חתם); a precious article Chaggai 2:23 (simile of Zerubbabel); פִּתּוּחֵי ח׳ engravings of a seal, as model for cutting names and inscr. on precious stones and gold plate Shemos 28:11, Shemos 28:21, Shemos 28:26; Shemos 39:6, Shemos 39:14, Shemos 39:30 (all P; see Benzinger^{258 ff.}); חֹמֶר ח׳ Iyov 38:14 = clay of (under) a signet; ח׳ צָ֑ר Iyov 41:7 a close signet, that is one that is closely pressed down, simile of closely joined (סָגוּר) scales of crocodile.

חוֹתָם²

proper name (masc.)

man of Asher Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:32 Septuagint Χωθαν(μ) (= הֶלֶם v Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:35; A Ελαμ, SeptuagintL Ιασουλ).

father of two of David’s heroes Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:44, Septuagint Κωθαν, SeptuagintL Χωθαν.

חֹתֵן

n.verb.

m. wife’s father (Arabic خَاتِنٌ a circumciser, hence father-in-law, with ref. to circumcision performed on young men just before marriage; خَتَنٌ relation on wife’s side; see Wellhausen^{Prol. 1886, 355 Anm. 1; Skizzen iii, 154} Stade^{journal ZAW 1886, 143 Anm.} Noldeke^{ZMG 1886, 187}; otherwise Delitzsch^{Pr 91} Lagarde^{BN 116})—construct חֹתֵן Shemos 18:1 + 9 times, חֹתֶנְךָ Shemos 18:6, חֹתְנוֹ Shemos 3:1 + 9 times;—usually of Moses’ wife’s father Shemos 3:1; Shemos 4:18; Shemos 18:1, Shemos 18:2, Shemos 18:5, Shemos 18:6, Shemos 18:7, Shemos 18:8, Shemos 18:12^(×2), Shemos 18:14, Shemos 18:15, Shemos 18:17, Shemos 18:24, Shemos 18:27 (all E), Bamidbar 10:29, Shoftim 1:16; Shoftim 4:11; of a Levite Shoftim 19:4, Shoftim 19:7, Shoftim 19:9.

f. wife’s mother, only with suffix חֹתַנְתּוֹ Devarim 27:23.

חָתָן

noun (masc.) daughter’s husband, bridegroom (as one who undergoes circumcision, see above; Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic חַתְנָא, and ܚܰܬܢܳܐ (also sister’s husband, etc.); vulg.Ar. خَتَنٌ daughter’s husband, then more generally wife’s and husband’s relations; Sabean (Liḥyân) חֿתן daughter’s husband D.H. Müller^{Epigr. Denkm. 87}; Assyrian ḫatanu, daughter’s husband Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament^Gloss.)—absolute ח׳ Shmuel Alef 18:18 + 10 times + Breishis 19:12 (where read חֲתָנֶיךָ Septuagint Olshausen Dillmann); construct חֲתַן Shemos 4:25 + 4 times; with suffix חֲתָנוֹ Shoftim 19:5; חֲתָנָיו Breishis 19:14^(×2);—

in relation to a father, daughter’s husband, or bridegroom Breishis 19:12, Breishis 19:14 (ח׳ לֹקְחֵי בְּנֹתָיו), v Breishis 19:14 (all J), Shoftim 15:6; Shoftim 19:5 Shmuel Alef 18:18; Shmuel Alef 22:14 Nechemia 6:18; Nechemia 13:28; see also חֲתַן בֵּית אַחְאָב Melachim Beis 8:27 son-in-law of the house of Ahab, said of Ahaziah, whose mother Athaliah was the daughter of Ahab.

in relation to the bride, bridegroom ח׳ דָּמִים אַתָּה לִי Shemos 4:25 a bloody bridegroom art thou to me, compare v Shemos 4:26 (J; on this see Wellhausen^{Prol. 1886, 355}); ‖ כַּלָּה Yirmiya 7:34; Yirmiya 16:9; Yirmiya 25:10; Yirmiya 33:11 Yoel 2:16; in simile of י׳’s work for and delight in his people Yeshaya 61:10; Yeshaya 62:5; of sun Tehillim 19:6.

חָתַר

verb dig, row (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, bore (through), so Aramaic חֲתַר Targum (rare))—

past (עבר) ח׳ Iyov 24:16, חָתַרְתִּי Yechezkel 12:7; future (עתיד) וָאֶחְתֹּר Yechezkel 8:8 יַחְתְּרוּ Yechezkel 12:12 Amos 9:2, וַיַּחְתְּרוּ Yonah 1:13; imperative (ציווי) חֲתָר־ Yechezkel 8:8; Yechezkel 12:5;—

dig into houses, with a direct object בָּתִּים Iyov 24:16 (of burglary); followed by בְּ into or through a wall Yechezkel 8:8^(×2) (Co del. on intern. grounds), Yechezkel 12:5, Yechezkel 12:7, Yechezkel 12:12; metaphorically followed by בשׁאול Amos 9:2 dig into Sh^eʾôl, that is as a refuge.

row (as digging into the water) Yonah 1:13.

חָתַת

verb be shattered, dismayed (Assyrian ḫattu, terror, Delitzsch^{HWB 296}; Talm. חִתִּית the same; Ethiopic ሐተተ is scrutari, examinare, see Dillmann^{Lex. 105})—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular חַת Yirmiya 50:2; 3rd feminine singular חַ֫תָּה Yirmiya 14:4 + 2 times, וָחָ֑תָּה Yirmiya 48:1; 3rd plural חַ֫תּוּ Yeshaya 37:27 + 4 times, וְחַתּ֫וּ consec. Yeshaya 20:5 + 2 times, וָחָ֑תּוּ consec. Yirmiya 50:36; future (עתיד) (Konig^{i. 366}) יֵחַת Yeshaya 7:8; Yeshaya 30:31, יֵחַ֑ת Iyov 39:22, יֵחָ֑ת Yeshaya 31:4, אֵחַ֫תָּה Yirmiya 17:18, יֵחַ֫תּוּ Shmuel Alef 2:10 + 3 times—On יֵחַ֑תּוּ Iyov 21:13 see נָחַת;—תֵּחָ֑תּוּ Yehoshua 10:25 + 2 times, etc.; imperative (ציווי) וָחֹ֫תּוּ Yeshaya 8:9^(×3);—

be shattered, broken, figuratively of nations under divine judgment Yeshaya 7:8; Yeshaya 30:31; so probably also Yeshaya 8:9^(×3) (but del. in v a), and perhaps (of י׳’s foes in generally) Shmuel Alef 2:10 (song;—others render dismayed in all except Yeshaya 7:8); figuratively of י׳’s righteousness Yeshaya 51:6 (= be abolished, annihilated); literally of bows Yirmiya 51:56, according to Giesebrecht’s reading חַתָּה see Pi.

be dismayed, usually

absolute: | יָרֵא Devarim 1:21; Devarim 31:8 Yehoshua 8:1; Yehoshua 10:25 (all D), Shmuel Alef 17:11 Yirmiya 23:4; Yirmiya 30:10; Yirmiya 46:27 Yechezkel 2:6; Yechezkel 3:9 Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:13; Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:20 Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:15, Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:17; Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:7; ‖ בּוֹשׁ Yeshaya 20:5; Yeshaya 37:27 = Melachim Beis 19:26 Yirmiya 8:9; Yirmiya 17:18^(×2); Yirmiya 48:1, Yirmiya 48:20, Yirmiya 48:39; Yirmiya 50:2^(×2) (others assign Yirmiya 48:20, Yirmiya 48:39; Yirmiya 50:2^(×2) to 1); figuratively of the ground הָאֲדָמָה, dismayed for lack of rain Yirmiya 14:4 (‖ בּוֹשׁ of the husband-men); in Yirmiya 14:4 read probably with Duhm (after Septuagint) Co Driver וְעֹבְדֵי הא׳ חַתּוּ. ‖ערץ Yehoshua 1:9 no ‖ Yirmiya 50:36 Ovadia 1:9 Iyov 32:15; Iyov 39:22.

be dismayed at, followed by מִן Yeshaya 31:4, Yeshaya 31:9; Yeshaya 51:7 (‖ יָרֵא) Yirmiya 1:17; Yirmiya 10:2^(×2).

past (עבר) only 3rd masculine singular וּמִפְּנֵי שְׁמִי נִחַח Malachi 2:5 and at my name he is put in awe (‖ יָרֵא).

past (עבר) dismay, scare, 2nd masculine singular with suffix וְחִתַּתַּ֫נִי בַחֲלֹמוֹת (Konig^{i. 372}) consec. Iyov 7:14 and thou scarest me with dreams (‖ בִּעֵת); 3rd feminine singular חִתְּתָה Yirmiya 51:56 (of bows) is intrans. [inchoat. Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 120, 2 d], Graf. and elsewhere, be shattered, but text probably erron. Giesebrecht חַתָּה (see Qal 1).

past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular הַחִתֹּתָ Yeshaya 9:3; 1st singular וְהַחְתַּתִּ֫י Yirmiya 49:37 (Konig^{i. 372}); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix יְחִתֵּנִי Iyov 31:34, with suffix 3rd feminine plural יְחִיתַ֑ן Chavakuk 2:17 (Konig^{i. 374}; but Septuagint Targum Peshitta Ewald Olshausen Stade Wellhausen יְחִתֶּ֑ךָ); 1st singular with suffix אֲחִתְּךָ Yirmiya 1:17 (followed by לפניהם).—

shatter with a direct object Yeshaya 9:3.

cause to be dismayed Yirmiya 49:37 followed by לִפְנֵי.

dismay, terrify, followed by with suffix Iyov 31:34 Chavakuk 2:17.

חַת²

noun (masc.) ^{Breishis 9:2} terror, fear—חָ֑ת Iyov 41:25, חִתְּכֶם Breishis 9:2;—c. with suffix as object generally, Breishis 9:2 terror of you (‖ מוֹרַאֲכֶם); in description of crocodile c. neg., הֶעָשׂוּ לִבְלִי־חָ֑ת Iyov 41:25 one made for fearlessness.

חַת³

adjective shattered, dismayed—mpl. חַתִּים:—

shattered קֶשֶׁת גִּבֹּרִים ח׳ Shmuel Alef 2:4 (song; on plural חַתִּים see Driver); so figuratively Yechezkel 32:30 according to Septuagint Codd. Co (חַתִּים for Masoretic Text חִתִּיתָם) broken in their might, of Sidonians in Sheʾôl.

dismayed Yirmiya 46:5 of Egyptians defeated by Nebuchadrezzar.

חֲתַת

n.[m.] terror—only תִּרְאוּ ח׳ וַתִּירָ֑אוּ Iyov 6:21 (> Baer תִּֽירְאוּ for תִּרְאוּ) ye see a terror, and fear (note paronomasia in Hebrew; see Dillmann).

חִתָּה²

noun (fem.) terror—חִתַּת אלהים עַל־הֶעָרִים Breishis 35:5 a terror of (= from) God was upon the cities.

חֲתַת²

proper name (masc.) son of Othniel and grandson of Kenaz (brother of Caleb), חֲתַ֑ת Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:13.

חִתִּית

noun (fem.) terror, only Ezek.; absolute ח׳ Yechezkel 32:23, but Co reads חִתִּיתָם (with Septuagint and v Yechezkel 32:24, Yechezkel 32:26); construct the same Yechezkel 32:27; with suffix חתיתו Yechezkel 32:32 Kesiv (> חִתִּיתִי Keri); חִתִּיתָם Yechezkel 32:24 + 2 times + Yechezkel 26:17 (read חִתִּיתָהּ, with Septuagint Ewald Co, see VB, Yechezkel 32:30 (read חַתִּים, see ii. חת);—terror, caused by powerful cities, nations, kings, etc.: usually c. with suffix as object genit. Yechezkel 26:17 (of Tyre); elsewhere only Yechezkel 32: v Yechezkel 32:27 (ח׳ גִּבּוֹרִים, Peshitta Co ח׳ גבור תם), v Yechezkel 32:30 (חִתִּיתָם, but read חַתִּים, see above); especially in phr. נָתַן ח׳ בארץ חַיִּים cause one’s terror (terror of oneself) in the land of the living v Yechezkel 32:23, Yechezkel 32:24, Yechezkel 32:25 (del. Septuagint Co), v Yechezkel 32:26, Yechezkel 32:32.—חִתִּית Yechezkel 16:3, Yechezkel 16:45 see חִתִּי under חֵת above p. 366.

חֵת²

see above p. 366.

חֵמָה²

(once חֵמָא)₁₂₁ noun (fem.) heat, rage (for יְחֵמָה; Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic יַחְמָא poison, ܚܶܡܬܳܐ heat, wrath, poison, Brockelmann^{Lex. 116}, also Nöldeke's Syriac Grammar § 105; Arabic حُمَةٌ poison, Lane ⁶⁵¹; Assyrian imtu, spittle, breath, poison, Delitzsch^{HWB 78} Muss-Arnolt^{CD 62})—absolute חֵמָה Nachum 1:2 + 39 times; חֵמָא †Daniel 11:44; construct חֲמַת Breishis 27:44 + 25 times; with suffix חֲמָתִי Yirmiya 4:4 + 36 times; חֲמָֽתְךָ Yirmiya 10:25 + 8 times; חֲמָתֶ֑ךָ Tehillim 88:8; Tehillim 89:47; חֲמָתוֹ Yeshaya 51:17 + 8 times; חֲמָתָם Iyov 6:4; plural חֵמוֹת Mishlei 22:24, חֵמֹת Tehillim 76:11;—

heat:

fever, חֲמַת מִיַּיִן Hoshea 7:5 fever from wine, wine-fever (on st. construct see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 130, 1).

venom, poison (figuratively): חֲמַת זֹחֲלֵי עָפָר Devarim 32:24; ח׳ תַּנִּינִים v Devarim 32:33; ח׳ נָחָשׁ Tehillim 58:5 compare v Tehillim 58:5; ח׳ עַכְשׁוּב Tehillim 140:4; poison of arrows (of י׳) Iyov 6:4.

burning anger, rage:

of man: Breishis 27:44, Shmuel Beis 11:20 Melachim Beis 5:12 Esther 1:12; Esther 2:1; Esther 3:5; Esther 5:9 (against, עַל), Esther 7:7, Esther 7:10 Tehillim 37:8 (‖ אַף), Tehillim 76:11 (yet on text see Cheyne), Mishlei 6:34; Mishlei 15:1, Mishlei 15:18 (אִישׁ חֵמָה man of rage = raging or wrathful man), Mishlei 16:4; Mishlei 19:19 (גְּדָל־ח׳ Keri = one great in rage, see De Nowack), Mishlei 27:4 (‖ אַף), Yeshaya 51:13^(×2) Yechezkel 23:25; אִישׁ חֵמוֹת Mishlei 22:24 (‖ בַּעַל אָ֑ף); בַּעַל חֵמָה Mishlei 29:22 (‖ אִישׁ אַף); חֵמָה עַזָּה strong rage Mishlei 21:14 (‖ אַף); חֲמַת רוּחִי Yechezkel 3:14 the rage of my spirit.

of the he-goat in Daniel’s vision, בַּחֲמַת כֹּחוֹ Daniel 8:6 in the fury of his power.

of God (י׳), often Je Yeshaya 2 Ez ψ: Yirmiya 4:4 + 16 times Je; Melachim Beis 22:13, Melachim Beis 22:17 Yeshaya 27:4 (Hitzig Ewald Dillmann Duhm; on other interpr., and on text see Dillmann), Yeshaya 63:5 Eicha 2:4 Yechezkel 5:13 + 29 times Ez; Bamidbar 25:11, Divrei HaYamim Beis 12:7; Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:21, Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:25; Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:16 Tehillim 59:14; Tehillim 79:6; Tehillim 88:8; Tehillim 89:47; Tehillim 106:23 Iyov 21:20; appar. also Iyov 19:29; Iyov 36:18 v Dillmann; often ‖ אַף, Micha 5:14 Devarim 9:19; Devarim 29:22 Yeshaya 42:25 (אַפּוֹ as appos., + עֱזוּז מִלְחָמָה), Yeshaya 63:3, Yeshaya 63:6 Daniel 9:16 Tehillim 6:2; Tehillim 78:38; Tehillim 90:7; לְהָשִׁיב בְּחֵמָה אַפּוֹ Yeshaya 66:15 (‖ וְגַעֲרָתוֹ בְּלַהֲבֵי־אֵשׁ), Yirmiya 23:19; Yirmiya 30:23 of the whirlwind of י׳; ‖ אַף + קֶצֶף גָּדוֹל Devarim 29:27 Yirmiya 21:5; Yirmiya 32:37; ‖ אַף + תֹּכְחוֹת חֵמָה Yechezkel 5:15, compare תּוֹכְחוֹת חֵמָה alone Yechezkel 25:17; ‖ חֲרוֹן אַפּוֹ Nachum 1:6 Eicha 4:11; ‖ קֶצֶף Yeshaya 34:2 (of fury against, על), Tehillim 38:2; ‖ גְּעָרָה Yeshaya 51:20; ‖ גְּמוּל Yeshaya 59:18; ‖ קִנְאָה Yechezkel 36:6, compare חֵמָה גְדוֹלָה קִנֵּאתִי Zecharia 8:2 (‖ קִנְאָה גדולה); דַּם חֵמָה וְקִנְאָה Yechezkel 16:38 (on text see Co); חֲמַת קֶ֑רִי Vayikra 26:28 rage of meeting, that is encountering them in rage; כּוֹס חֲמָתוֹ(-תִי) Yeshaya 51:17, Yeshaya 51:22 the cup of his (my) fury; כּוֹס הַיַּיִן הַחֵמָה הַזּאֹת Yirmiya 25:15; בַּעַל חֵמָה a possessor of fury = furious Nachum 1:2 (‖ נֹקֵם, אֵל קִנּוֹא). [חֵמָה עַל = rage against one: Yeshaya 34:2 Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:9.—Vbs. used with חֵמָה are: 2. and: שׁוּב Breishis 27:44, הֵשִׁיב Mishlei 15:1, עָלָה Shmuel Beis 11:20, בָּעַר Esther 1:12, שָׁכַךְ Esther 2:1; Esther 7:10; 2. c.: הֵשִׁיב turn away wrath of י׳ Bamidbar 25:11 Tehillim 106:23 Yirmiya 18:20 (but הָשִׁיב בְּחֵמָה אַפּוֹ Yeshaya 66:15 to recompense his anger in fury, give it as requital); ח׳ י׳ is kindled against one יצת ב Niph. Melachim Beis 22:13, Melachim Beis 22:17; it burns בָּֽעֲרָה Yirmiya 4:4; Yirmiya 21:12; Yirmiya 44:6 Tehillim 89:47; arises עלה Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:16, compare as object of עלה Hiph. Yechezkel 24:8; is poured out נִתְּכָה בְ Divrei HaYamim Beis 12:7; Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:21, Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:25 Yirmiya 7:20; נִתְּכָה עַל Yirmiya 42:18^(×2); Yirmiya 44:6; נִתְּכָה כָאֵשׁ Nachum 1:6; י׳ pours it out שָׁפַךְ אֶל Tehillim 79:6; שָׁפַךְ עַל Yeshaya 42:25 Yirmiya 10:25 Yechezkel 7:8; Yechezkel 9:8; Yechezkel 14:19; Yechezkel 16:38 (according to Co’s conject.), Yechezkel 20:8, Yechezkel 20:13, Yechezkel 20:21; Yechezkel 22:22; Yechezkel 30:15; Yechezkel 36:18; שָׁפַךְ כָּאֵשׁ Eicha 2:4; חֵמָה שְׁפוּכָה Yechezkel 20:33, Yechezkel 20:34; הֵנִיחַ ח׳ בְ bring to rest (that is satisfy) one’s fury upon Yechezkel 5:13; Yechezkel 16:42; Yechezkel 24:13; כִּלָּה ח׳ Eicha 4:11; + בְּ Yechezkel 5:13 I have accomplished my fury upon them (in their case), Yechezkel 6:12; Yechezkel 13:15.]