BDB — ע (512)

עֵטָא (Aramaic)

noun (fem.) counsel;—absolute Daniel 2:14 (see טְעֵם 2).

עֲבַד (Aramaic)

verb make, do (Targum Syriac Old Aramaic Nab. Palmyrene Egyptian Aramaic (S-C^Pap.; compare אַזְדָּא); = Biblical Hebrew עָבַד, q.see, but in meaning ‖ עשׂה);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ע׳ Daniel 3:1 +, 2nd masculine singular עֲבַ֑דְתְּ (Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 13, 2) Daniel 4:32; 1st singular עַבְדֵֿת Daniel 3:15; Daniel 6:23, 3rd masculine plural עֲבַ֫דוּ Ezra 6:13 +; future (עתיד) 2nd masculine plural תַּעְבְּדוּן (Baer Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 38, 1. b); תַּעַבְדוּן Gi Strack) Ezra 6:8; Ezra 7:18; infinitive (מקור) מֶעְבַּד (Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 15, a) 2)) Ezra 4:22; Ezra 7:18 (מֶעְבַּ֑ד); participle (בינוני) active עָבֵד Ezra 7:26 +, fs. עָבְדָא Daniel 7:21; mpl. עָֽבְדִין Ezra 4:15;—

make, direct object rei Daniel 3:1, Daniel 3:15 and (of creation) Jeremiah 10:11; make a feast Daniel 5:1, war Daniel 7:21 (עִם person), ded. of temple Ezra 6:16.

do, direct object of deed, Daniel 4:32 (of God), Daniel 6:23 Ezra 4:15, Ezra 4:22; do, act, כְּנֵמָא, thus, Ezra 6:13, כ, according to, Daniel 7:18 and (of God) Daniel 4:32, absolute Daniel 6:11; direct object + ב rei Ezra 7:18 do something with, + עִם person Daniel 6:8; do, perform, direct object of God’s law Daniel 7:26, direct object of signs, etc. (subj. God) Daniel 6:28 and (+ עִם person) Daniel 3:32.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִתְעֲבֵד Ezra 6:11 +, ד—ִ֑ Ezra 6:12; Ezra 7:21; 2nd masculine plural תִּתְעַבְדוּן Daniel 2:5; participle (בינוני) מִתְעֲבֵד Ezra 7:26, -בֶד־ Ezra 4:19, fs. -עַבְדָא Ezra 5:8;—

be made into, c. n. pred., Daniel 2:5; Daniel 3:29; Ezra 6:11.

be done, wrought, Ezra 4:19, Ezra 5:3 (subj. עֲבִידְתָּא); be performed, executed, of command Ezra 6:12; Ezra 7:21, Ezra 7:23, judgment Ezra 7:26.

עֲבַד² (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) slave, servant (Biblical Hebrew עֶ֫בֶד);—construct עֲבֵד Daniel 6:21 servant of God; plural with suffix of king, עבדיך Kt (Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 53 Anm. b)), עַבְדָךְ Qr Ezra 4:11; עַבְדָךְ Qr Daniel 2:4; with suffix of God, עַבְד֫וֹהִי, Daniel 3:26, Daniel 3:28; Ezra 5:11, of king Daniel 2:7.

עֲבֵד נְגוֹ (Aramaic)

n.pr.m. comrade of Daniel (Biblical Hebrew the same);—Daniel 2:49; Daniel 3:12 + 10 times Daniel 3:3, + עֲבֵד נְגוֹא Daniel 3:29; = עֲזַרְיָה Daniel 2:17.

עֲבַר (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) region across, beyond (see Biblical Hebrew I. עֵ֫בֶר, √ עָבַר);—construct in phr. עֲבַר(־)נַהֲרָה, that is Syria (Scheft ⁸⁷): Ezra 4:10, Ezra 4:11, Ezra 4:17, Ezra 4:20; Ezra 5:3, Ezra 5:6^(×2); Ezra 6:6^(×2), Ezra 6:8, Ezra 6:13; Ezra 7:21, Ezra 7:25, ע׳ נהרא Ezra 4:16. compare in Cilic. Aramaic, Cooke ³⁴⁶.

עַד (Aramaic)

עֲדָא (Aramaic)

verb pass on, away (Targum for Hebrew עָבַר, Syriac; see Biblical Hebrew I. עָדָה (rare, late));—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular עֲדָת Daniel 3:27; Daniel 4:28; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יֶעְדֵּה Daniel 7:14, 3rd feminine singular תֶּעְדֵּא Daniel 6:9;—

pass on, over, c. ב person Daniel 3:27.

pass away, of kingdom Daniel 4:28 (מִן person), Daniel 7:14; of law Daniel 6:9, Daniel 6:13.

take away (so Egyptian Aramaic S-C^{G 35}): past (עבר) 3rd masculine plural הֶעְדִּיו, direct object rei, Daniel 5:20 (מִן person), Daniel 7:12; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יְהַעְדּוֹן v Daniel 7:26; participle (בינוני) מְהַעְדֵּה Daniel 2:21 remove, depose kings, of God.

עַד² (Aramaic)

preposition and conjunction even to, until (Biblical Hebrew III. עַד; so Targum Syriac Old Aramaic Nab. Palmyrene Egyptian Aramaic (Lidzbarski³³⁶ S-C^{A 5 +}));—

preposition:

of space, even to Daniel 7:13; עַד־כָּה v Daniel 7:28.

of amount, up to Ezra 7:22 ^{(4 times)}.

of time, until Daniel 2:20; Daniel 6:15, Daniel 6:27; Daniel 7:18^(×2), Daniel 7:26 Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:16 וְעַד־כְּעַן; = our against Ezra 6:15 (compare Biblical Hebrew, p. 724 ^a top); to (the end of) = during Daniel 6:8 עַד יוֹמִין תְּלָתִין, v Daniel 6:13; Daniel 7:12, Daniel 7:25. On עַד־אָֽחֳרֵין Daniel 4:5 see אָחֳרָן; and on עַד־דִּבְרַת דִּי Daniel 4:14 see [דִּבְרָה].

conjunction:

עַד־דִּי until, followed by pf. (of past time) Daniel 2:34; Daniel 4:30; Daniel 5:21; Daniel 7:4, Daniel 7:9, Daniel 7:11, Daniel 7:22; followed by impf. (of fut.) Daniel 2:9; Daniel 4:20, Daniel 4:22, Daniel 4:29.—Daniel 6:25 לָא מְטוֹ … עַד דִּי שְׁלִטוּ וג׳ up to the time that …, that is ere that.

עַד alone, Ezra 4:21; Ezra 5:5.

עִדָּן (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) ^{Daniel 2:9} time (Targum the same, Syriac ܥܶܕܳܢܳܐ, perhaps loan-wd. from Assyrian (ḫ)adon(n)u, edanu, appointed, or definite, time; [Arabic عدّان probably Aramaic loan-wd., Schwally^{ZMG liii (1889), 197}]);—absolute ע׳ Daniel 7:12 +; emph. עִדָּנָא Daniel 2:8 +; plural absolute עִדָּנִין Daniel 4:13 +, emph. עִדָּנַיָּא Daniel 2:21;—

in generally, time, as duration Daniel 2:8; Daniel 7:12; involving specif. conditions Daniel 2:9, Daniel 2:21; (point of) time Daniel 3:5, Daniel 3:15.

definite time, = year (as mod. Gk. χρόνος, see EASophocles¹¹⁷³): שִׁבְעָה ע׳ = seven years, Daniel 4:13, Daniel 4:20, Daniel 4:22, Daniel 4:29; עִדָּן וְעִדָּנִין וּפְלַג עִדָּן Daniel 7:25 (that is 3 ½ years, see Driver; perhaps read dual for plural, compare Bev Gunk^{Schöpf. 201}).

עוֹד (Aramaic)

adverb still (Biblical Hebrew; S-C^{K 13}; Targum^{O Jon.}; Chr-Pal. Schulthess ^{143 f.}), Daniel 4:28 עוֹד מִלְּתָא בְּפֻם מַלְכָּא (compare Biblical Hebrew 1 a a).

עוֹף (Aramaic)

n.[m.] fowl (see Biblical Hebrew, √ I. עוּף);—ע׳ absolute Daniel 7:6 wings of a fowl; construct Daniel 2:38 coll.

עוּר (Aramaic)

n.[m.] chaff (J.Aram (Talm, rare), Syriac ܥܽܘܪܳܐ; Arabic عُوَّارٌ, عَاىِٔرٌ mote (in eye, tending to cause blindness [עִוֵּר]) according to Arabic Lexx., Lane ²¹⁹⁵);—absolute ע׳ Daniel 2:35 (in sim.).

עֵז (Aramaic)

עֶזְרָא (Aramaic)

n.pr.m. Ezra (Biblical Hebrew the same);—Ezra 7:12, Ezra 7:21, Ezra 7:25.

עֲזַרְיָה (Aramaic)

n.pr.m. comrade of Daniel (Biblical Hebrew the same; Daniel 1:6 +);—Daniel 2:17, = עֲבֵד נְגוֹ v Daniel 2:49 +.

עֵטָא² (Aramaic)

see יעט.

עַ֫יִן (Aramaic)

noun (fem.) ^{Ezra 5:5} eye (see Biblical Hebrew I. ע׳);—construct עֵין Ezra 5:5 (of God); plural (Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 51, 1) of horn, עַיְנִין Daniel 7:8, Daniel 7:20; of man, dual construct עַיְנֵי v Daniel 7:8, with suffix עַיְנַי Daniel 4:31.

עִיר (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) waking, or wakeful, one, that is angel (√ עיר, compare Syriac ܥܳܪ wake, ܥܺܝܪ waking (Payne Smith (Syriac Thesaurus) ²⁸⁴³), JAram עִיר, Mishnaic Hebrew עֵיר adjective awake);—absolute ע׳ Daniel 4:10, Daniel 4:20; plural absolute עִירִין v Daniel 4:14; Aq Symm. ἐγρήγορος; compare Charles^{Enoch i, 5; xxxix. 12; also p. 356} Driver^{ad location}; doubtful is the connex. with Phoenician Zophesemim (Euseb.^{Praep. Evang. 10}), that is צפי שמים watchers of heaven, as keeping watch over or spying out (Zim^{Schrader's Keilinschriften3. 629} Jerem^{AT im Licht d. AO 63}).

עַל (Aramaic)

עִלָּה (Aramaic)

see p. 1106.

עֶלְיוֹן (Aramaic)

adjectivethe same(Biblical Hebrew the same);—plural of God, קַדִּישֵׁי עֶלְיוֹנִין (double plural, Buhl, as sometimes Biblical Hebrew, Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 124 q Konig^{ii. 1. 438 f}) Daniel 7:18, Daniel 7:22, Daniel 7:25, Daniel 7:27.

עַל² (Aramaic)

preposition upon, over, on account of, above, to, against (Biblical Hebrew and general Aramaic the same);—with suffix 1st singular עֲלַי; 2nd masculine singular עליך Kt (so Egyptian Aramaic, Cooke^{Noldeke. 77, A 5, 6, B 8}, S-C^{Pap.A 3, B 5 +}), עֲלָךְ, Qr (Targum עֲלַךְ, Dalman^{§ 47, 2}) Daniel 3:12 + 6 times Dn, Ezra 7:18; 3rd masculine singular עֲלוֹהִי (so Nab. Palmyrene; Egyptian Aramaic עלוי S-C^{A 6 +}) Daniel 3:28 +, עֲלֹהִי †Ezra 6:11; 3rd feminine singular עליה Kt (so Egyptian Aramaic, S-C^{D 24}), עֲלַהּ Qr (so Targum) †Daniel 4:14; Daniel 5:21; 1st plural עֲלֵי֥נָא †Ezra 4:12, עֲלֶ֑ינָא Ezra 4:18; Ezra 5:17 Baer (Gi עֲלֶ֑ינָא); 3rd masculine plural עֲלֵיהֹם (so Nab., CIS ^{ii. 226}; Egyptian Aramaic, S-C^{Pap. F 5, 8 +}) †Ezra 7:24, עֲלֵיהוֹן †Ezra 5:1, Ezra 5:3;—

upon, Daniel 2:10, Daniel 2:28, Daniel 2:46; Daniel 5:5, Daniel 5:7; Daniel 6:11 + often, Daniel 4:26 עַל־הֵיכַל מַלְכוּתָא (II Samuel 11:2); to be established עַל מַלְכוּתִי Daniel 4:33 (compare II Chronicles 1:1; Biblical Hebrew II. 1) to lay an impost upon, Ezra 7:24; to trust on, Daniel 3:28; after a verb of motion, מְטָא עַל to come upon, Daniel 4:21, Daniel 4:25; of times, to pass over, Daniel 4:13, Daniel 4:20, Daniel 4:22, Daniel 4:29; Ezra 5:1 בְּשֻׁם אֱלָהּ יִשְׂרָאֵל עֲלֵיהוֹן that is (named) over them.

idiomatically (as in Biblical Hebrew; see II. 1 d) of the person who is the subj. of an emotion or experience, Daniel 5:9 וְזִיוֹהִי שָׁנַיִן עֲלוֹהִי were changed upon him, Daniel 7:28; Daniel 6:19 וְשִׁנְּתֵהּ נַדַּת עֲלוֹהִי (compare Daniel 2:1).

on direct object of (Biblical Hebrew 1st feminine b), Daniel 3:16 עַל־דְּנָה פִּתְגָּם. So in עַל־דְּנָה on this direct object †Ezra 4:15, Ezra 4:22; Ezra 5:17, עַל־מָה wherefore? †Daniel 2:15; and עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי (see דְּ׳).

on behalf of (ib. 1st feminine c), Ezra 6:17.

regarding, concerning (ib. 1st feminine g), Daniel 2:18; Daniel 5:14, Daniel 5:29; Daniel 6:6, Daniel 6:13; Ezra 7:14 + often

over, with vbs. of ruling appointing, etc., Daniel 2:48, Daniel 2:49; Daniel 3:12; Daniel 4:14 +, Ezra 4:20; Ezra 6:18.

in a compar. sense, above, beyond, Daniel 3:19; Daniel 6:4.

expressing direction:

to, of a person, after a verb of motion (compare Biblical Hebrew 7 c a α), Daniel 2:24; Daniel 4:31, Daniel 4:33; Daniel 6:7, Daniel 6:16; Ezra 4:12, Ezra 4:23 + often; after to send (a letter, etc.) Ezra 4:11, Ezra 4:17, Ezra 4:18; Ezra 5:6 +, write Ezra 4:7, prophesy Ezra 5:1; of the direction of the mind (ib. 7 c c), Daniel 3:12; Daniel 6:14^(×2) Daniel 6:15; compare Ezra 5:5 וְעֵין אֱל׳ הֲוַת עַל (compare Jeremiah 40:4 and אֶל Psalms 34:16).

against, Daniel 3:19, Daniel 3:29; Daniel 5:23; Daniel 6:5, Daniel 6:6 +; Ezra 4:8; Ezra 7:23.

in such phrases as שְׁפַר עַל, טְאֵב (to be) good or acceptable to (as in Syriac and late Hebrew: see Biblical Hebrew 8), Ezra 5:17 אִם עַל מַלְכָּא טָב, Ezra 7:18^(×2); Daniel 4:24 (יִשְׁפַּר), Daniel 6:15 (בְּאֵשׁ), v Daniel 6:24 (טְאֵב).—Comp. the synopsis of meanings in Lidzbarski ³⁴⁰.

עִלָּה² (Aramaic)

noun (fem.) matter, affair, occasion (Syriac ܥܶܠܬܳܐ, see Biblical Hebrew I. עלל);—absolute ע׳ Daniel 6:5^(×2), Daniel 6:6 (= ground of accusation).

עֲלַל (Aramaic)

verb go or come in (Targum Syriac; see Biblical Hebrew III. עלל);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular עַל Daniel 2:16; c. עַל person v Daniel 2:24; c. לְבַיְתֵהּ Daniel 6:11, so 3rd feminine singular עללת Kt, עַלַּת Qr Daniel 5:10; participle (בינוני) עללין Kt, עָלִּין Qr, absolute Daniel 4:4; Daniel 5:8.

bring in, c. קֳדָם person: past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הַנְעֵל (Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 11, 4. b; so Egyptian Aramaic, S-C ^{G 6, 7, 24, 27} הנעלת; compare D^{§ 71. 7; Dial.-Proben, p. 4}); Daniel 2:25 (ל direct object person), Daniel 6:19 (direct object rei); imperative (ציווי) ms. with suffix person, הַעֵלְנִי Daniel 2:24; infinitive (מקור) לְהַנְעָלָה Daniel 4:3 (ל direct object person); no קֳדָם person, לֶהֶעָלָה Daniel 5:7 (the same).

(W^{CG 225}) be brought, subj. person + קֳדָם person: past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הֻעַל Daniel 5:13, 3rd masculine plural הֻעַ֫לּוּ v Daniel 5:15.

עָלַם (Aramaic)

n.[m.] perpetuity, antiquity (see Biblical Hebrew III. עלם, עוֹלָם);—ע׳ absolute Daniel 3:33 +, construct Daniel 7:18; emph. עָֽלְמָא Daniel 2:20 +; plural עָֽלְמִין Daniel 2:4 +, emph. עָֽלְמַיָּא Daniel 2:44; Daniel 7:18;—perpetuity in the future: מַלְכוּת ע׳ Daniel 3:33; Daniel 7:27, compare Daniel 4:31; Daniel 7:14; ע׳ as adverb for ever Daniel 4:31; עַד־עָֽלְמָא וְעַד־עָלַם עָֽלְמַיָּא Daniel 7:18; plural לְע׳ for ever Daniel 2:4, Daniel 2:44^(×2); Daniel 3:9; Daniel 5:10; Daniel 6:7, Daniel 6:22, Daniel 6:27; antiquity, מִן־יוֹמָת עָֽלְמָא Ezra 4:15, Ezra 4:19; of limitless time both past and future: מִן־ע׳ וְעַד־ע׳ Daniel 2:20.

עַם (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) ^{Ezra 6:12} people (see Biblical Hebrew I. עמם, עַם);—ע׳ absolute Daniel 2:44; Daniel 3:29; Ezra 6:12, construct Daniel 7:27; emph. עַמָּה Ezra 5:12, עַמָּא Ezra 7:13, Ezra 7:16, Ezra 7:25; plural emph. עַמְמַיָּא (Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic §§ 15 d); 55, 5 a)) Daniel 3:4, Daniel 3:7^(×2), Daniel 3:31; Daniel 5:19; Daniel 6:26; Daniel 7:14.

עִם (Aramaic)

preposition with (Biblical Hebrew עִם: so Targum Syriac (ܥܰܡ) and general Aramaic);—with suffix עִמִּי †Daniel 3:32, עִמָּךְ †Ezra 7:13, עִמֵּהּ †Daniel 2:22, עִמְּהוֹן †Ezra 5:2;—

together with, Daniel 2:18, Daniel 2:43; Daniel 7:13 עִם־עֲנָנֵי שְׁמַיָּא, Ezra 5:2 +; whose dwelling, portion, etc., is with Daniel 2:11, Daniel 2:22; Daniel 4:12; Daniel 5:21.

to speak with Daniel 6:22, to make war with Daniel 7:21; to do with (= towards) Daniel 3:22 דִּי עֲבַד עִמִּי (compare Psalms 86:17), compare Ezra 6:8; שַׁוִּי עִם to make like to Daniel 5:21.

of time, Daniel 3:33 = Daniel 4:31 עִם־דָּר וְדָר (co-exists) with all generations (compare Biblical Hebrew 1 g); Daniel 7:2 עִם־לֵילְיָא during the night.

עֲנָה (Aramaic)

verb answer (see Biblical Hebrew I. עָנָה);—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular עֲנַת Daniel 5:10; 3rd masculine plural עֲנוֹ Daniel 2:7 +; participle (בינוני) active (עֲנָה Noldeke^{GGA, 1884, 1021}) עָנֵה Daniel 2:5 +, plural עָנַיִן (Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 47 Beisp. ε)) Daniel 3:24;—always + אמר participle (בינוני), answered and said (ל [or קֳדָם] person usually following אמר; following ע׳ Daniel 2:10, Daniel 2:27, Daniel 2:47):—

answer, make reply, to something said: Daniel 2:5, Daniel 2:7, Daniel 2:8, Daniel 2:10, Daniel 2:27; Daniel 3:16, Daniel 3:24, Daniel 3:25; Daniel 4:16 b; Daniel 5:17; Daniel 6:13, Daniel 6:14.

respond to occasion, speak in view of a situation: Daniel 2:15, Daniel 2:20, Daniel 2:26, Daniel 2:47; Daniel 3:9, Daniel 3:14, Daniel 3:19, Daniel 3:24, Daniel 3:26, Daniel 3:28; Daniel 4:16 a, Daniel 4:27; Daniel 5:7, Daniel 5:10, Daniel 5:13; Daniel 6:17, Daniel 6:21; Daniel 7:2.

עֵז² (Aramaic)

n.[f.] (she-)goat;—plural עִזִּין Ezra 6:17.

עֲנָן (Aramaic)

n.[m.

עֳפִי (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) ^{Daniel 4:9} leafage, foliage;—with suffix עָפְיֵהּ Daniel 4:9, Daniel 4:11, Daniel 4:18.

עִקַּר (Aramaic)

(< ר—ָ Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 59 c)) n.[m.] root, stock (√ עקר, see Biblical Hebrew, and, on meaning of √, Schwally^{ZMG iii (1898), 140});—construct ע׳ שָׁרְשׁ֫וֹהִי Daniel 4:12, Daniel 4:20, Daniel 4:23.

עָר (Aramaic)

עֲרַב (Aramaic)

verb mix (Targum (often); Syriac (rare); see Biblical Hebrew I. ערב);—

participle (בינוני) passive מְעָרַב mixed with (ב) Daniel 2:41, Daniel 2:43.

participle (בינוני) the same: מִתְעָרַב v Daniel 2:43 (עִם), plural -רֲבִין v Daniel 2:43 (ב).

עֲרָד (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) wild ass (Targum Syriac; √ ערד, perhaps = Arabic غرد give a cry Noldeke^{SBWAk. cxlii. see II. 1900}, see Biblical Hebrew עָרוֹד as loan-word (K^{Aramaismen 72}, but doubtful Noldeke^{ZMG lvii (1903), 413}));—pluralemph. עֲרָדַיָּא Daniel 5:21.

עָר² (Aramaic)

n. m. foe (compare JAram. עֲרָר objection; on doubtful Biblical Hebrew עָר see p. 786);—plural with suffix עריך Kt (Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 53 Anm. b)), עָרָךְ Qr Daniel 4:16.

עֲשַׂר (Aramaic)

n. m. et f. a ten (see Biblical Hebrew);—m. (following noun (fem.)) Daniel 7:7, Daniel 7:20, Daniel 7:24; f. (before noun (masc.)) v Daniel 7:24; תְּרֵי עֲשַׂר = twelve (following noun (masc.)) Daniel 4:26 Ezra 6:17.

עֲשִׁת (Aramaic)

(Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic §§ 38, 1 α); 17, 2 Anm. 2) verb think, plan (Biblical Hebrew II. עשׁת (q.see) as Aramaism; Targum אִתְעַשֵּׁת, not Syriac);—past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular (strictly participle (בינוני) passive Noldeke^{GGA 1884, 1019; Syriac Gratz. § 280} M ^78*) ע׳ Daniel 6:4, followed by inf., plan to do so and so.

עַתִּיק (Aramaic)

adjective advanced, aged (Biblical Hebrew (as Aramaism), √ עתק, q.see);—construct (-מַיָּא) ע׳ יוֹמִין one advanced, aged, in days Daniel 7:9, Daniel 7:13, Daniel 7:22 (compare Syriac ܥܰܬܻܝܩ ܝܰܘ݇ܡܳܬܳܐ Ecclus 25:4 al., Payne Smith (Syriac Thesaurus) ³⁰¹¹).

עֵדָה

noun (fem.) congregation (proposes company assembled together by appointment, or acting concertedly)—ע׳ Numbers 16:2 + 85 times; construct עֲדַת Exodus 12:3 + 52 times; with suffix עֲדָתִי Job 16:7 + 9 times sfs.;—

עֲדַת־אֵל Psalms 82:1 congregation of Ēl, of company of angels (‖ בקרב אלהים); ע׳ לְאֻמִּים Psalms 7:8 congregation of peoples; ע׳ צַדִּיקִים Psalms 1:5 congregation of the righteous; ‖ סוֹד יְשָׁרִים Psalms 111:1; ‖ קהל Proverbs 5:14; כָּל־עֲדָתִי Job 16:7 (of Job’s circle of dependents); in a bad sense, ע׳ מְרֵעִים company of evil doers Psalms 22:17; ע׳ עריצים Psalms 86:14; ע׳ חנף Job 15:34; ע׳ קֹרַח company of Korah Numbers 26:9; Numbers 27:3, so עֲדָתוֹ, עֲדָֽתְךָ Numbers 16:5, Numbers 16:6, Numbers 16:11, Numbers 16:16; Numbers 17:5, and הָעֵדָה Numbers 26:10; Numbers 27:3; ע׳ אֲבִירָם Psalms 106:17, compare v Psalms 106:18.

pack of animals ע׳ אַבִּירִים Psalms 68:31 (figuratively of nobles); ע׳ דְּבֹרִים Judges 14:8 a swarm of bees.

elsewhere of Israel Hosea 7:12 עֲדָתָם that is the whole assemblage of them; I Kings 8:5 (= II Chronicles 5:6) כל עדת ישׂ׳ of those gathered to Sol.; I Kings 12:20 העדה of assembly at Shechem; Jeremiah 6:18 (text very doubtful); עֲדָתוֹ Jeremiah 30:20 of restored people; עֲדָֽתְךָ Psalms 74:2 (‖ שׁכט נחלתך); elsewhere in P, except possibly Numbers 20:11, in technical sense, of the company of Israel of the Exodus, the congregation (115 times), especially in the phrases †ע׳ יהוה Numbers 27:17; Numbers 31:16 Joshua 22:16, Joshua 22:17; †ע׳ ישׂראל Exodus 12:3, Exodus 12:6, Exodus 12:19, Exodus 12:47 Leviticus 4:13 Numbers 16:9; Numbers 32:4 Joshua 22:18, Joshua 22:20; †ע׳ בני ישׂראל Exodus 16:1, Exodus 16:2, Exodus 16:9, Exodus 16:10; Exodus 17:1; Exodus 35:1, Exodus 35:4, Exodus 35:20 Leviticus 16:5; Leviticus 19:2, Numbers 1:2, Numbers 1:53; Numbers 8:9, Numbers 8:20; Numbers 13:26; Numbers 14:5, Numbers 14:7; Numbers 15:25, Numbers 15:26; Numbers 17:6; Numbers 19:9; Numbers 25:6; Numbers 26:2; Numbers 27:20; Numbers 31:12 Joshua 18:1; Joshua 22:12; הָעֵדָה Leviticus 8:4 + 29 times (compare Judges 20:1; Judges 21:10); כל־הע׳ Leviticus 8:3 + 33 times (compare Judges 21:13); †נְשִׂיאֵי (ה)ע׳ princes of the congregation Exodus 16:22; Numbers 4:34; Numbers 16:2; Numbers 31:13; Numbers 32:2; Joshua 9:15, Joshua 9:18; Joshua 22:30; כָּל־הַנְּשִׂאִים בָּע׳ Exodus 34:31; זִקְנֵי הע׳ elders of the congregation Leviticus 4:15 (compare Judges 21:16); ראשׁי אבות הע׳ Numbers 31:26. ii & iii עֵדָה see עוד.

עֵצָה

noun (fem.) counsel, advice ( = (יְ)עֵצָה)—ע׳ Judges 20:7 + 28 times; construct עֲצַת Isaiah 5:19 + 33 times; with suffix עֲצָתִי Proverbs 1:25 + 5 times (+ Isaiah 46:11 Qr; Kt עצתו better); עֲצָֽתְךָ Psalms 20:5; Psalms 73:24; עֲצָתוֹ Hosea 10:6 + 7 times (incl. Isaiah 46:10 Kt see above); עֲצָתָם Jeremiah 18:23 + 4 times; plural עֵצוֹת Deuteronomy 32:28 + 2 times; עֲצָתָ֑יִךְ Isaiah 47:13;—counsel, advice II Samuel 15:31, II Samuel 15:34; II Samuel 16:23^(×2); II Samuel 17:14^(×3), II Samuel 17:23 I Kings 12:8, I Kings 12:13, I Kings 12:14 = II Chronicles 10:8, II Chronicles 10:13, II Chronicles 10:14, II Chronicles 22:5; II Chronicles 25:16; Ezra 10:3 (where read ע׳ אֲדֹנִי Reuss Ry), v Ezra 10:8 Job 29:21; political consultation Isaiah 47:13; as direct object cogn. II Samuel 17:7; I Kings 1:12; Isaiah 8:10; Ezekiel 11:2 (עצת־רָע, ‖ אָוֶן); c. הָב֫וּ give counsel Judges 20:7; II Samuel 16:20; חֵבִיא ע׳ Isaiah 16:3; עשׂה ע׳ Isaiah 30:1; אָשִׁית עֵצוֹת בְּנַפְשִׁי Psalms 13:3; = design, purpose Ezra 4:5; Nehemiah 4:9; I Chronicles 12:20 (Baer), Psalms 14:6; Psalms 20:5; Jeremiah 18:23 (followed by עַל = against), Jeremiah 49:30 (‖ מַחֲשָׁבָה); עֲצַת־גּוֹיִם Psalms 33:10; suitable counsel for war (= generalship) II Kings 18:20 = Isaiah 36:5 (compare Proverbs 20:18 below); also עֲצַת שָׁלוֹם Zechariah 6:13 counsel of peace; practical wisdom, sagacity Isaiah 19:3, compare v Isaiah 19:11, Jeremiah 19:7 Deuteronomy 32:28 (‖ תְּבוּנָה) Hosea 10:6. Especially in WisdLt and proph.; counsel = good counsel, wisdom Job 38:2; Job 42:3; Proverbs 12:5; Proverbs 20:5 (its seat בְּלֶב־אִישׁ) ‖ תּוּשִׁיָּה Proverbs 8:14; Isaiah 28:29 (of י׳); ‖ חָכְמָה Jeremiah 49:7; ‖ חָכְמָה and תְּבוּנָה Job 12:13 Proverbs 21:30; ‖ מוּסָר Proverbs 19:20; ‖ תַּחְבֻּלוֹת Proverbs 20:18 (compare Isaiah 36:5 above); ע׳ נִפְתָּלִים Job 5:13; רוּחַ ע׳ וּגְבוּרָה Isaiah 11:2 (‖ ר׳ חָכְמָה וּבִינָה); hearty counsel ע׳ נֶפֶשׁ Proverbs 27:9; counsel of wisdom, when wisdom is personif. Proverbs 1:25, Proverbs 1:30 (‖ תּוֹכַחַת); in bad sense ע׳ רשׁעים Job 10:3; Job 21:16; Job 22:18; Psalms 1:1, compare Job 18:7 Psalms 106:43 Isaiah 29:15; of plan of י׳; ע׳ י׳ Psalms 33:11; Proverbs 19:21; Isaiah 19:17; Isaiah 14:26 (הע׳ הַיְּעוּצָה), Isaiah 25:1; Isaiah 46:10, Isaiah 46:11; ע׳ קדושׁ ישׂראל Isaiah 5:19; also Micah 4:12; Jeremiah 32:19 (גְּדֹל הָעֵצָה), Jeremiah 49:20; Jeremiah 50:45 Psalms 106:13; ע׳ עֶלְיוֹן Psalms 107:11; instruction, guiding wisdom of י׳ Psalms 73:24; אִישׁ־עֲצָתוֹ that is counsellor of י׳ Isaiah 40:13; in figuratively אַנְשֵׁי עֲצָתִי Psalms 119:24 = my counsellors, said of testimonies of God; = prophecy, ע׳ מלאכיו Isaiah 44:26 (‖ דְּבַר עַבְדּוֹ); תֹּאבַד ע׳ מִזְּקִנִים Ezekiel 7:26 (compare I Kings 12:8; ‖ חָזוֹן, תּוֹרָה), מֵחָכָם Jeremiah 18:18 (‖ דָּבָר, תּוֹרָה).

עָב

[עֹב] noun (masc.) archit. term, meaning unknown; projecting roof is conjectured (Smend Co Berthol); others landing (Davidson); AV RV thick beam or plank, RVm threshold; Benz Kittel Toy leave untranslated; in any case a structure of wood;—absolute וְעַסֻּדִים וְעָב I Kings 7:6; appar. construct וְעָב עֵץ אֶל־פְּנֵי הָאוּלָם מֵהַחוּץ Ezekiel 41:25; plural (si vera l.) הָעֻבִּים v Ezekiel 41:26.

עָב²

see עוּב.

עָבַד

verb work, serve (Old Aramaic עבד do, make, especially Nab. Palmyrene (often), Lidzbarski^{331 f.} Cook⁸⁶, so Targum עֲבַד, Syriac ܥܒܰܕ (very often); but also Old Aramaic Phoenician עבד slave, vassal (and in many n.pr.), Targum עַבְדָּא, Syriac ܥܰܒܕܳܐ the same; Assyrian abdu, the same (rare); Mishnaic Hebrew עָבַד serve, perform acts of worship (with a direct object cogn.), and deriv.; Arabic عَبَدَ worship, obey (God); compare Wellhausen^{Skizzen iii. 165; Heid. 141}, ii. enslave; عَبْدٌ slave, worshipper; Sab. עבד the same DHM^{Sudar. Alt. p. 18}; Gerber^{Verb. Denom.14 ff.} thinks be slave, serve (Qal) and enslave (Hiph.) are denom., compare also Noldeke^{ZMG xi (1886), 741});—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ע׳ Ezekiel 29:18 +; with suffix עֲבָדוֹ Malachi 3:18 +; 3rd masculine plural עָֽבְדוּ Deuteronomy 7:4; עָבָ֑דוּ Numbers 4:26, + 64 times past (עבר); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַעֲבֹד Genesis 25:23 +; with suffix יַעַבְדֵ֫נִי Exodus 4:23; יַעַבְדֶ֫נּוּ Psalms 22:31 II Kings 10:18; 3rd masculine plural יַעַבְדוּ Deuteronomy 12:30 +; יַעֲבֹ֑דוּ Genesis 15:14 (Driver^{§ 103}) Job 36:11; 2nd masculine plural תַּעַבְדוּן Exodus 3:12, תַּעֲבֹד֑וּן Joshua 24:15, + 99 times future (עתיד); (תָּעָבְדֵם, נָֽעָבְדֵם see Hoph.); imperative (ציווי) עֲבֹד I Samuel 26:19; with suffix עָבְדֵהוּ I Chronicles 28:9; עִבְדוּ Exodus 5:18 + 15 times; עֲבֹ֑דוּ Ezekiel 20:39; with suffix עִבְדֻהוּ I Samuel 7:3; infinitive (מקור) construct עֲבֹד Malachi 3:14 +; עֲבָד־ Jeremiah 34:9, Jeremiah 34:10; with suffix עָבְדוֹ Jeremiah 27:6 +, etc.; participle (בינוני) עֹבֵד Genesis 4:2 +; plural עֹבְדִים Numbers 18:21 +; construct עֹבְדֵי Psalms 97:7 +; with suffix עֹבְדָיו II Kings 10:19; עֹבְדֵיהֶם Zechariah 2:13;—

labour, work, do work: absolute Exodus 20:9 = Exodus 34:21 = Deuteronomy 5:13 (4th word); Exodus 5:18 Ecclesiastes 5:11; with a direct object rei, till the ground Genesis 2:5; Genesis 3:23; Genesis 4:2, Genesis 4:12, II Samuel 9:10; Isaiah 30:24; Jeremiah 27:11; Zechariah 13:5; Proverbs 12:11; Proverbs 28:19; obj. om. Deuteronomy 15:19; Ezekiel 48:19; vineyard Deuteronomy 28:39; garden Genesis 2:15; עֹבְדֵי פִשְׁתִּים Isaiah 19:9 workers in flax; עֹבְדֵ(י) הָעִיר Ezekiel 48:18, Ezekiel 48:19 labourers of the city; ע׳ עֲבֹדָתוֹ Isaiah 28:21 work his work (only here of God, ‖ עשׂה מַעֲשֵׂהוּ); ע׳ עבדה על Ezekiel 29:18 serve a military service against.

work for another, serve him by labour: absolute Exodus 21:2; with a direct object person Genesis 29:15; Genesis 31:6; Exodus 21:6 Deuteronomy 15:12, Deuteronomy 15:18; Malachi 3:17; Jeremiah 34:14, king his people I Kings 12:7; subj. animals Jeremiah 27:6; Job 39:9; with a direct object person et rei Genesis 30:26^(×2), Genesis 30:29; c. לְ person II Samuel 16:19; עִם Genesis 29:25, Genesis 29:30 Leviticus 25:40; עִמָּדִי Genesis 29:27; לִפְנֵי II Samuel 16:19^(×2); c. בְּ of price Genesis 29:18, Genesis 29:20, Genesis 29:25; Genesis 31:41 Hosea 12:13; Ezekiel 29:20; c. בְּ person work by means of another, use him as slave, Exodus 1:14; Leviticus 25:39, Leviticus 25:46 Jeremiah 22:13; Jeremiah 30:8; Jeremiah 34:9, Jeremiah 34:10; compare Deuteronomy 15:19.

serve as subjects: usually with a direct object, their own rulers Judges 9:28^(×2), Judges 9:38 I Samuel 11:1; I Kings 5:1 +; other kings, by tribute Psalms 18:44 = II Samuel 22:44; Jeremiah 27:7; Jeremiah 28:14; II Kings 25:24 +, other nations II Samuel 10:19; Jeremiah 40:9; Zechariah 2:13 +, kings other kings II Kings 18:7 +, c. לְ, I Samuel 4:9^(×2); †מַס עֹבֵד Genesis 49:15 Joshua 16:10; I Kings 9:21 (see מַס); †c. בְּ person, work with, that is use as subjects, impose tribute upon, Jeremiah 25:14; Jeremiah 27:7; Ezekiel 34:27.

serve God:

with a direct object י׳, Exodus 3:12; Exodus 4:23; Exodus 7:16, Exodus 7:26, Psalms 22:31; Job 21:15; Malachi 3:14 +; with a direct object person et rei Exodus 10:26; direct object person om., Jeremiah 2:20 (read אֶעֱבוֹד Kt), עבד זבח ומנחה Isaiah 19:21 serve with peace-offering and grain-offering; עבד עֲבֹדָה Exodus 13:5 (of מַצֹּת).

other gods, with a direct object א׳ †Deuteronomy 7:16; Deuteronomy 12:2, Deuteronomy 12:30 †; אלהים אחרים Deuteronomy 7:4; Deuteronomy 8:19; Deuteronomy 11:16; Deuteronomy 13:7, Deuteronomy 13:14; Deuteronomy 17:3; Deuteronomy 28:14, Deuteronomy 28:36, Deuteronomy 28:64; Deuteronomy 29:25; Deuteronomy 30:17; Deuteronomy 31:20; Joshua 23:16; Joshua 24:2, Joshua 24:16; Judges 2:19; Judges 10:13; I Samuel 8:8; I Samuel 26:19; I Kings 9:6, I Kings 9:9; II Kings 17:35; II Chronicles 7:19, II Chronicles 7:22; Jeremiah 11:10; Jeremiah 13:10; Jeremiah 16:11, Jeremiah 16:13; Jeremiah 22:9; Jeremiah 25:6; Jeremiah 35:15 (all D and Je); אֱלֹהֵי הַגּוֹיִם Deuteronomy 29:17; זָרִים Jeremiah 5:19; †כל צבא השׁמים Deuteronomy 4:19; II Kings 21:3; II Chronicles 33:3; Jeremiah 8:2; †הבעל(ים) Judges 2:11; Judges 3:7; Judges 10:6, Judges 10:10; I Samuel 12:10; I Kings 16:31; I Kings 22:54; II Kings 10:18^(×2), II Kings 10:19^(×2), II Kings 10:21, II Kings 10:22, II Kings 10:23^(×2); II Kings 17:16; †אלהי נֵכָר Joshua 24:20; Jeremiah 5:19; †(הַ)גִּלּוּלִים II Kings 17:12; II Kings 21:21^(×2) Ezekiel 20:39; †האשׁרים II Chronicles 24:18; עצבים Psalms 106:36; †פסיל(ים) II Chronicles 33:22; II Kings 17:41; פסל Psalms 97:7; c. לְ, †לבעל Judges 2:13; †לאלהים אחרים Jeremiah 44:3.

serve י׳ with Levitical service (all P; compare Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 69}): with a direct object עבד עֲבֹדָה (see עֲבֹדָה) Numbers 3:7, Numbers 3:8; Numbers 4:23, Numbers 4:30, Numbers 4:47; Numbers 7:5; Numbers 8:11, Numbers 8:19, Numbers 8:22, Numbers 8:26; Numbers 16:9; Numbers 18:6, Numbers 18:21, Numbers 18:23; Joshua 22:27; direct object om. Numbers 4:24, Numbers 4:26, Numbers 4:37, Numbers 4:41; Numbers 8:15 (but Sam Septuagint עבדה), v Numbers 8:25 Numbers 18:7.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נֶעְבָּ֑ד Ecclesiastes 5:8; 2nd masculine plural נֶעֱבַדְתֶּם Ezekiel 36:9; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יֵעָבֵד Deuteronomy 21:4; 3rd feminine singular תֵּעָבֵד Ezekiel 36:34;—

be tilled, of land Deuteronomy 21:4; Ez Ezekiel 36:9, Ezekiel 36:34.

Ecclesiastes 5:8 מֶלָךְ לְשָׂדֶה נֶעְבָּ֑ד doubtful: a king for (devoted to) the cultivated field (Hitzig); a king that maketh himself servant to the field (devoted to agriculture), De: see Comm., especially De.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular עֻבַּד Deuteronomy 21:3; Isaiah 14:3; passive of Qal, c. בְּ: impers. Deuteronomy 21:3 of a calf with which it has not been worked; hard service with which it was worked with captives Isaiah 14:3.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הֶעֱבִיד Ezekiel 29:18; 2nd masculine singular with suffix הֶעֱבַדְתַּ֫נִי Isaiah 43:24, הֶעֱבַדְתִּיךָ v Isaiah 43:23, וְהַעֲבַדְתִּיךָ Jeremiah 17:4 future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיַּעֲבֵד II Chronicles 34:33; 3rd masculine plural יַעֲבִדוּ Exodus 1:13; infinitive (מקור) construct הַעֲבִיד II Chronicles 2:17; participle (בינוני) plural מַעֲבִדִים Exodus 6:5;—

compel to labour as slaves Exodus 1:13; Exodus 6:5 II Chronicles 2:17, + Genesis 47:21 (reading הֶעֱבִיד לַעֲבָדִים), II Samuel 12:31 (reading וְהֶעֱבִיד, + בְּ at; on both these see עבר Hiph. ad fin.); cause to serve, of army’s service against, with a direct object + (על)אל Ezekiel 29:18; cause to labour, weary, c. בְּ of means Isaiah 43:23, Isaiah 43:24 (perhaps play on meanings2, 3).

make to serve as subjects, c. 2 direct object Jeremiah 17:4, + Jeremiah 15:14 (read וְהַעֲבַדְתִּיךָ, see עבר Hiph. ad fin.).

cause to serve God II Chronicles 34:33.

future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular with suffix תָּֽעָבְדֵם Exodus 20:5 = Deuteronomy 5:9; Exodus 23:24; 1st plural with suffix נָֽעָבְדֵם Deuteronomy 13:3 (Konig^{i. 259} Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 549 g Gesenius' Thesaurus; < Nes^{Marg. 12 f.} Qal anom. pointed (compare W^{AG. ed. 2, i. 62 n.} Fl ^{Kl. Schr. i. 98}); Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 60, R. 1 Driver Qal falsely pointed as Hoph.);—be led or enticed to serve other gods Exodus 20:5 = Deuteronomy 5:9; Exodus 23:24; Deuteronomy 13:3.

עֶ֫בֶד

noun (masc.) slave, servant (on format. Lagarde^{BN 77});—ע׳ Genesis 9:25 +, עָ֑בֶד Genesis 44:10 +; with suffix עַבְדִּי Genesis 26:24 +; עַבְדְּךָ Genesis 19:19 +; עַבְדֶּ֫ךָ Genesis 18:3 +; plural עֲבָדִים Genesis 9:25 +, עַבְדֵי Genesis 21:25 +; with suffix עֲבָדַי Leviticus 25:42 +, עַבְדֵיכֶם Joshua 9:11 +, etc.;—

slave, servant of household Genesis 39:17, Genesis 39:19; Genesis 41:12; Genesis 50:2; Exodus 21:2 +; man-servant, ‖ אמה Exodus 20:10 Leviticus 25:6; Deuteronomy 5:14; Job 31:13 +; ‖ שׁפחה Genesis 12:16; Genesis 32:6; Jeremiah 34:11; Isaiah 14:2 +; + אדון Deuteronomy 23:16; Isaiah 24:2; Malachi 1:6 +; מִקְנַת כֶּסֶף Exodus 12:44 or יְלִיד בַּיִת Jeremiah 2:14; עֶבֶד עֲבָדִים servant of servants, humblest servant, Genesis 9:25; †בֵּית עֲבָדִים house of slaves, especially Israel in Egypt Exodus 13:3, Exodus 13:14; Exodus 20:2 (R^D) Deuteronomy 5:6; Deuteronomy 6:12; Deuteronomy 7:8; Deuteronomy 8:14; Deuteronomy 13:6, Deuteronomy 13:11 Joshua 24:17; Judges 6:8 Jeremiah 34:13; Micah 6:4; †וזכרת כי עבד היית מצרים (ארץ)ב and thou shalt remember that thou wast a slave in (the land of) Egypt Deuteronomy 5:15; Deuteronomy 15:15; Deuteronomy 16:12; Deuteronomy 24:18, Deuteronomy 24:22; king of Babylon is slave to י׳ Jeremiah 25:9; Jeremiah 27:6; Jeremiah 43:10; the borrower to the lender Proverbs 22:7; figuratively of beast Job 40:28; of things Genesis 47:19.

Subjects, of chief Genesis 26:15, Genesis 26:19, Genesis 26:25, Genesis 26:32; Genesis 27:37; Genesis 32:17^(×2) +; of king Genesis 21:25 Exodus 7:28, Exodus 7:29; I Kings 9:27; Deuteronomy 29:1 +; vassal kings II Samuel 10:19; tributary nations II Samuel 8:2, II Samuel 8:6, II Samuel 8:14 = I Chronicles 18:2, I Chronicles 18:6, I Chronicles 18:13; specif. officers of king I Samuel 19:1; I Samuel 21:8; II Samuel 11:13; Proverbs 14:35 +; עַבְדֵי פַרְעֹה Genesis 40:20; Genesis 41:10; ע׳ שָׁאוּל I Samuel 16:17; I Samuel 18:22; I Samuel 28:7; ע׳ הַמֶּלֶךְ I Kings 1:47 Est Esther 3:3 +; עֶבֶד הַמֶּלֶךְ II Kings 22:12 = II Chronicles 34:20 (a court official); opposite שַׂר Proverbs 19:10; Ecclesiastes 10:7; מֶלֶךְ Proverbs 30:22; ambassadors Numbers 22:18 II Samuel 10:2; soldiers of army I Samuel 17:8; I Samuel 25:10; II Samuel 2:12, + officers of army I Samuel 29:3; I Kings 11:26; II Kings 25:8; Isaiah 36:9.

Servants, worshippers, of God: †עַבְדֵי יהוה II Kings 9:7; II Kings 10:23; Isaiah 54:17, compare Genesis 50:17; Isaiah 56:6; עֲבָדָיו Deuteronomy 32:36 = Psalms 135:14, Isaiah 65:15; Isaiah 66:14 Psalms 34:23; Psalms 69:37 Nehemiah 2:20; ‖ עַמּוֹ Psalms 105:25 compare Deuteronomy 32:43; עֲבָדַי Isaiah 65:8, Isaiah 65:9, Isaiah 65:13^(×3), Isaiah 65:14; עֲבָדֶיךָ I Kings 8:23; Isaiah 63:17 (‖ שִׁבְטֵי נחלתך), Psalms 89:51; Psalms 90:13, Psalms 90:16; Psalms 102:15, Psalms 102:29; Psalms 119:91, Psalms 79:2, Psalms 79:10 (‖ חֲסִידֶיךָ); delivered from Egypt Leviticus 25:42, Leviticus 25:55^(×2); Leviticus 26:13; עַבְדְּךָ Psalms 119:125; Psalms 143:2, ‖ בֶּן־אֲמָתֶ֑ךָ Psalms 86:16; Psalms 116:16^(×2); specif. angels Job 4:18; and ancient worthies, patriarchs Exodus 32:13 Deuteronomy 9:27; Abraham Genesis 26:24 Psalms 105:6, Psalms 105:42; Isaac Genesis 24:14; Jacob, Israel Ezekiel 28:25; Ezekiel 37:25 I Chronicles 16:13; Moses †Exodus 14:31; Joshua 18:7 Numbers 12:7, Numbers 12:8 Deuteronomy 34:5 (?) Joshua 1:1, Joshua 1:2, Joshua 1:7, Joshua 1:13, Joshua 1:15; Joshua 8:31, Joshua 8:33; Joshua 9:24; Joshua 11:12, Joshua 11:15; Joshua 12:6^(×2); Joshua 13:8; Joshua 14:7; Joshua 22:2, Joshua 22:4, Joshua 22:5 (all D), I Kings 8:53, I Kings 8:56; II Kings 18:12; II Kings 21:8; I Chronicles 6:34; II Chronicles 1:3; II Chronicles 24:6, II Chronicles 24:9; Nehemiah 1:8; Nehemiah 9:14; Nehemiah 10:30 Psalms 105:26 Malachi 3:22 Daniel 9:11; Joshua †Joshua 24:29 Judges 2:8; Caleb †Numbers 14:24; Job †Job 1:8; Job 2:3; Job 42:7, Job 42:8^(×3); David II Samuel 3:18; II Samuel 7:5, II Samuel 7:8, II Samuel 7:26 + 27 times; Hezekiah †II Chronicles 32:16; Zerubbabel †Haggai 2:23; Eliakim †Isaiah 22:20.—The צֶמַח Zechariah 3:8 compare Zechariah 6:12 is also servant of י׳ as Messianic builder of temple (see Br^{MP 442 ff.}).

servant of י׳, in a special sense: of Levitical singers using benedictions in temple Psalms 113:1; Psalms 134:1; Psalms 135:1; usually of prophets, עֲבָדַי הַנְּבִיאִים my servants the prophets II Kings 9:7; II Kings 17:13; Jeremiah 7:25; Jeremiah 26:5; Jeremiah 29:19; Jeremiah 35:15; Jeremiah 44:4; Ezekiel 38:17; Zechariah 1:6; עֲבָדָיו הַנְּבִיאִים II Kings 17:23; II Kings 21:10; II Kings 24:2; Jeremiah 25:4; Amos 3:7; Daniel 9:10; עֲבָדֶיךָ הנביאים Ezra 9:11; Daniel 9:6; specif. Ahia I Kings 14:18; I Kings 15:29; Elijah II Kings 9:36; II Kings 10:10; Jonah II Kings 14:25; Isaiah Isaiah 20:3; עַבְדּוֹ, ‖ מלאכיו Isaiah 44:26; as one calling to fear י׳ Isaiah 50:10.

Israel as a people is servant of י׳: יִשְׂרָאֵל Isaiah 41:8, Isaiah 41:9; Isaiah 44:21^(×2); Isaiah 49:3 Psalms 136:22; יעקב Isaiah 44:1, Isaiah 44:2; Isaiah 45:4; Isaiah 48:20; Jeremiah 30:10; Jeremiah 46:27, Jeremiah 46:28; עַבְדִּי = עֶבֶד יהוה, ‖ מַלְאָכִי, as having a mission to the nations Isaiah 42:19^(×2); and chosen as witness of י׳ Isaiah 43:10. But there is also an ideal servant chosen and endowed with the divine Spirit to be a covenant of Israel and a light of the nations Isaiah 42:1 (compare v Isaiah 42:2-6); formed to bring back Jacob, raise up the tribes, and become salvation to the end of the earth Isaiah 49:5, Isaiah 49:6, Isaiah 49:7; bearing the sins of all as a lamb and a trespass-offering, and yet prospering and justifying many as interposing martyr Isaiah 52:13; Isaiah 53:11: many understand of ideal Israel, contr. with the actual; al. of personif. ‖ with Zion the wife and mother, disting. from unworthy Israel as Zion from her apostate children; al. of ideal prophetic writer; al. of ideal prophetic person; al. (especially in Isaiah 53) of an actual proph. known to writer and his readers; [in any case it is Messianic, see Mt 8:16, 17; 12:16–21 Lk 4:17–22 Phil 2:5–11]; see De Is ii. 174 Davidson^{Expos. 1884, 358 ff.} Dillmann Duhm Cheyne al. on Isaiah 42, Isaiah 53, Driver ^{Is 168 ff.} Br^{MP 345 ff.}, also Gie^{Beitr. 146 ff.} Berthol ^{Is 53}.

In polite address of equals or superiors the Hebrews used עַבְדְּךָ thy servant = 1 person sing., I, Genesis 18:3; I Samuel 20:7, I Samuel 20:8^(×2) II Kings 8:13 +; עֲבָדֶיךָ thy servants = we Genesis 42:11; Isaiah 36:11; also עַבְדּוֹ his servant = I, I Samuel 26:18, I Samuel 26:19; II Samuel 14:22; II Samuel 24:21 +; also in addressing God, especially in prayer Exodus 4:10; Numbers 11:11; Judges 15:18; I Samuel 3:9, I Samuel 3:10; I Samuel 25:39; II Samuel 24:10 Psalms 19:12, Psalms 19:14; Psalms 27:9; Psalms 31:17; Psalms 35:27; Psalms 69:18; Psalms 109:28; Psalms 143:2 +.

Phrases are: †עבד (היה), c. לְ person, become servant to Genesis 9:26, Genesis 9:27; Genesis 44:10, Genesis 44:16, Genesis 44:17, Genesis 44:33; Genesis 47:19, Genesis 47:25 Deuteronomy 6:21; Deuteronomy 15:17; II Samuel 8:14; II Kings 17:3; II Kings 24:1; I Chronicles 18:2, I Chronicles 18:6, I Chronicles 18:13; II Chronicles 10:7; Proverbs 11:29; Proverbs 12:9; Proverbs 22:7; †היה לעבד, c. לְ person, Genesis 44:9 Genesis 50:18 I Samuel 8:17; I Samuel 17:9^(×2); I Samuel 27:12 II Samuel 8:2, II Samuel 8:6; Jeremiah 34:16; †כבשׁ לעבדים II Chronicles 28:10 Nehemiah 5:5; Jeremiah 34:11; לקח לע׳ Genesis 43:18 II Kings 4:1; Job 40:28.

עֶ֫בֶד²

n.pr.m. (servant of God = עַבְדְּאֵל);—

father of Gaal Judges 9:26, Judges 9:28, Judges 9:30, Judges 9:31, Judges 9:35 (GFM, after Hollenb^{ThLz 1891, 371} [compare Budde^{Ib. 1892, 63}] עֹבֵד, as SeptuagintL; see also Gray^{Prop. N. 184, 272}); Septuagint Ιωβηλ, A SeptuagintL Αβεδ.

a companion of Ezra Ezra 8:6; Septuagint Ωβηθ, SeptuagintL Αμιναδαβ.—For list of Arabic names beginning with عبد see Noldeke^{ZMG xli (1887), 724 ff.}, compare also the same^{ib. xlii (1888), 486} Wellhausen^{Heid. 2, 2 ff.}

עוֹבֵד

n.pr.m. (worshipper; compare Sab. עבד Os²² and DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 14};—

son of Boaz and Ruth Ruth 4:17, v Ruth 4:21 = I Chronicles 2:12; Ruth 4:22 (only here עֹבֵד) = I Chronicles 2:12, Peshitta Ωβηδ.

names in Judah, Septuagint Ωβηδ:

I Chronicles 2:37, I Chronicles 2:38.

II Chronicles 23:1.)

a mighty man of David I Chronicles 11:47, Septuagint Ιωβηθ, A Ιωβηδ.

a doorkeeper I Chronicles 26:7, Septuagint Ωβηδ.

עֲבֵד נְגוֹ

n.pr.m. (servant of (God) Nebo, נְגוֹ being corrupt (intent. or unintent.) for נבוֹ (q.see), COT Daniel 1:7 Bev Daniel 1:7);—Babylonian name of Azariah, one of the three companions of Daniel Daniel 1:7 (see also Biblical Aramaic); Septuagint Theod Αβδεναγω.

עַבְדָּא

n.pr.m. (servant of י׳ (= עֹבַדְיָה I Chronicles 9:16 = Nehemiah 11:17), but form doubtful, see Septuagint);—

father of Adoniram I Kings 4:6; Septuagint Εφρα, A Αβαω,SeptuagintL Εδραμ.

a Levite Nehemiah 11:17; Septuagint Ωβηβ, A Ιωβηβ, SeptuagintL Αβδιας.

עַבְדְּאֵל

n.pr.m. (servant of Ēl, compare עַבְדִּיאֵל) name in Judah Jeremiah 36:26; Septuagint Εσ(δ)ριηλ.

עֲבֹדָה

and (Chr) עֲבוֹדָה ₁₄₅ noun (fem.) labour, service (on format. see Lagarde^{BN 179} Barth^{NB 61});—ע׳ Exodus 1:14 + 41 times; construct עֲבֹדַת Exodus 30:16¹⁶ + 43 times; with suffix עֲבֹדָתִי Genesis 30:26 + 33 times sfs.; in Chr עֲבוֹדָה I Chronicles 28:14 + 7 times; construct עֲבוֹדַת I Chronicles 6:33³³ + 13 times; with suffix עֲבוֹדָתִי II Chronicles 12:8; עֲבוֹדָתָם I Chronicles 6:17; II Chronicles 31:16;—

†labour, work, Psalms 104:23²³; in the field Exodus 1:14; I Chronicles 27:26, probably Nehemiah 10:38 (עָרֵי ע׳), Psalms 104:14¹⁴ (עֵשֶׂב לע׳); in fine linen I Chronicles 4:21; in erection of tabernacle Exodus 35:24; Exodus 36:1, Exodus 36:3, Exodus 36:5; Exodus 39:42; in repairing temple II Chronicles 34:13^(×2); כל מלאכת עבדה לא תעשׂוּ ye shall do no laborious work Leviticus 23:7, Leviticus 23:8, Leviticus 23:21, Leviticus 23:25, Leviticus 23:35, Leviticus 23:36; Numbers 28:18, Numbers 28:25, Numbers 28:26; Numbers 29:1, Numbers 29:12, Numbers 29:35; figuratively of man, ע׳ הַצְּדָקָה Isaiah 32:17 (‖ מַעֲשֵׂה הַצּ׳); of God’s work of judgment Isaiah 28:21^(×2).

labour of servant or slave: of Jacob for Laban Genesis 29:27; Genesis 30:26; ע׳ עֶבֶד of bondservant Leviticus 25:39; of the Nethinim Ezra 8:20; service of things, vessels of tabernacle and temple Numbers 4:26, Numbers 4:32, I Chronicles 9:28; I Chronicles 28:14^(×2), I Chronicles 28:15.

labour, service of captives or subjects: of Israel in Egypt Exodus 1:14; Exodus 2:23^(×2), Exodus 5:11, Exodus 6:6; כבד(ה) הע׳ Exodus 5:9, Nehemiah 5:18; ע׳ קשׁה Exodus 1:14; Exodus 6:9, Deuteronomy 26:6; I Kings 12:4 = II Chronicles 10:4; Isaiah 14:3; מֵרֹב ע׳ Lamentations 1:3; ע׳ ממלכוֹת II Chronicles 12:8; ע׳ המלך I Chronicles 26:30; ע׳ אדניהם Nehemiah 3:5; military service Ezekiel 29:18^(×2).

service of God, in P Chr Ez: by people Joshua 22:27 II Chronicles 12:8, feast of passover Exodus 12:25, Exodus 12:26; II Chronicles 35:10, II Chronicles 35:16, unleavened bread Exodus 13:5; Levites and priests Numbers 4:19, Numbers 4:49; Numbers 8:11; I Chronicles 24:3, I Chronicles 24:19; II Chronicles 8:14; II Chronicles 31:16; ע׳ מתנה Numbers 18:7; Levites Exodus 38:21; Numbers 4:24, Numbers 4:27^(×2), Numbers 4:28, Numbers 4:33, Numbers 4:47^(×2); Numbers 7:7, Numbers 7:8; Numbers 8:26; Numbers 18:21; I Chronicles 6:17; II Chronicles 31:2; c. בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד v Numbers 4:4, Numbers 4:23, Numbers 4:31, Numbers 4:33, Numbers 4:35, Numbers 4:39, Numbers 4:43; Numbers 8:19, Numbers 8:22; Numbers 18:31; אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד Exodus 30:16; Numbers 4:30; Numbers 7:5; Numbers 8:24; Numbers 18:4, Numbers 18:6, Numbers 18:21, Numbers 18:23, compare Exodus 35:21; Numbers 7:5; (ה)מִשְׁכָּן Exodus 39:32, Exodus 39:40; Numbers 3:7, Numbers 3:8; Numbers 16:9; I Chronicles 6:33, compare Exodus 27:19; Numbers 3:36; I Chronicles 23:26; ע׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Numbers 7:9, compare Numbers 3:31; of its court v Numbers 3:26; more specif. ע׳ משׂא Numbers 4:47; צבא הע׳ Numbers 8:25; ע׳ בית י׳ (ה)אלהים I Chronicles 23:24, I Chronicles 23:28, I Chronicles 23:32; I Chronicles 25:6; I Chronicles 28:13^(×2), I Chronicles 28:21^(×2); I Chronicles 29:7; II Chronicles 29:35; II Chronicles 31:21; II Chronicles 35:2; Nehemiah 10:33; מלאכת ע׳ בית האלהים I Chronicles 9:13; I Chronicles 28:20; II Chronicles 24:12; מעשׂה ע׳ I Chronicles 23:28; its service Ezekiel 44:14; I Chronicles 9:19; specif. service of Levit. singers I Chronicles 25:1^(×2), and doorkeepers I Chronicles 26:8; II Chronicles 35:15.

עַבְדּוֹן

n.pr. I. n.pr.m.

a judge Judges 12:13, Judges 12:15, Septuagint Αβδων, A SeptuagintL Λαβδω(μ); (Ewald cp. בְּדָן I Samuel 12:11, but read בָּרָק, see בְּדָן above).

a Benjamite I Chronicles 8:23, Septuagint Αβαδων, A SeptuagintL Αβδων.

son of Jehiel a Gibeonite I Chronicles 8:30; I Chronicles 9:36; Septuagint Αβαλων, Σαβαδων, A Αβδων, Σαβδων, SeptuagintL Αβδων.

son of Micah II Chronicles 34:20, Septuagint Αβδοδομ, A SeptuagintL Αβδων (= עַכְבּוֹר II Kings 22:12). II. n.pr.location Levitical city in Asher Joshua 21:30; I Chronicles 6:59, Septuagint Δαββων, Αβαραν, A SeptuagintL Αβδων (I Chronicles 6:20 Codd. read עַבְדֹּן Joshua 19:28 for עֶבְרֹן), ʿAbde, Gutheérin ^{Gal 2:37} compare Buhl^{Geogr. 230}.

עַבְדִּי

n.pr.m. (= עֹבַדְיָה servant of Yah; see however, Gray^{Prop. N. 149 ff.} and compare Old Aramaic עבדו, Nab.Palmyrene עבדי Lidzbarski^{333, 334} Cook⁸⁷);—

a Levite I Chronicles 6:29; II Chronicles 29:12; Septuagint Αβδ(ε)ι, SeptuagintL 1 Ch Αβδια.

one with a foreign wife Ezra 10:26; Septuagint Αβδε(ι)α.

עַבְדִּיאֵל

n.pr.m. (servant of Ēl; on this and following compare Phoenician עבדאלם, Nab. עבדאלהא, Sin. עבדאלהי, etc., Lidzbarski³³² Cook⁸⁷; Sab. עבדלת = [עבדאלת] Hal¹⁶⁸ DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 16}; see also Gray^{Prop. N. 309, Noldeke. 53});—a Gadite I Chronicles 5:15; Septuagint Αβδεηλ, A SeptuagintL Αβδιηλ.

עֹבַדְיָ֫הוּ

n.pr.m. (servant of Yah, compare Gray^{Prop. N. 295, Noldeke. 90}; also Phoenician עבדבעל, Palmyrene עבדבל, Old Aramaic עבדההד Lidzbarski³³³, OHeb. עבדיהו the same³³⁴);—

עֹבַדְיָ֫הוּ:

chief of Ahab’s household I Kings 18:3^(×2), I Kings 18:4, I Kings 18:5, I Kings 18:6, I Kings 18:7, I Kings 18:16, Septuagint Αβδ(ε)ιου.

father of one of the chiefs of Zebulun I Chronicles 27:19, Septuagint Αβδ(ε)ιου (genit.).

a Levite overseer in time of Josiah II Chronicles 34:12, Septuagint Αβδ(ε)ια, A SeptuagintL Αβδιας.

עֹבַדְיָה:

the prophet Obadiah 1:1, Septuagint Οβδ(ε)ιου (genit.), Αβδ(ε)ιου.

a descendant of David I Chronicles 3:21, Septuagint Αβδεια, SeptuagintL Οβδιας.

chief of tribe of Issachar I Chronicles 7:3, Septuagint Μειβδεια, A Οβδια, SeptuagintL Αβδια.

a Benjamite 1 Ch I Chronicles 8:28; I Chronicles 9:44, Septuagint Αβδ(ε)ια.

a Levite I Chronicles 9:16 (‖ עַבְדָּא Nehemiah 11:17), Septuagint Αβδεια, A Οβδια, SeptuagintL Αβια.

a Gadite chief I Chronicles 12:9, Septuagint Αβδ(ε)ια.

a prince in time of Jehoshaphat II Chronicles 17:7, Septuagint Αβ(δ)ιαν.

priestly companion of Ezra Ezra 8:9 Nehemiah 10:6, Septuagint Αδεια, Αβ(α)δ(ε)ια, SeptuagintL Αβδιου, Αβιας.

a doorkeeper Nehemiah 12:25, א Οβδιας, SeptuagintL Αβδιας.

עָבָה

verb be thick, fat, gross (Mishnaic Hebrew Pi. עִבָּה make thick, and deriv.; Syriac ܥܒܳܐ swell up, pt. passive swollen, thick, dense, stupid, and many deriv.; Arabic غَبِىَ be dense, stupid, أَغُبَى dense foliage; Ethiopic ዐብየ: be great Dillmann⁹⁸⁵);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular קָֽטֳנִּי ע׳ מִמָּתְנֵי אָבִי I Kings 12:10 my little finger is thicker (stouter) than, etc., = II Chronicles 10:10; be thick, gross, of rebell. Isr. under figuratively of highly fed beast, 2nd masculine singular שָׁמַנְתָּ עָבִּיתָ כָּשִׂיתָ Deuteronomy 32:15.

עָבוֹת

עַבְטִיט

n.[m.]intens. weight of pledges, heavy debts;—absolute מַכְבִּיד עָלָיו ע׳ Habakkuk 2:6.

עוֹבָל

i. עֵיבָל n. pr. gent. Arabian people, descended from Joktan according to Genesis 10:28 (SeptuagintL Γαιβαλ); = עֵיבָל I Chronicles 1:22 (SeptuagintL Ηβηλ). On location compare Glaser^{Skizze ii. 426}.

עֵיבָל

see עוֹבָל above

עֵיבָל²

n. pr. m. vel gent. name in Edom, Genesis 36:23 (Septuagint Γαιβηλ), = I Chronicles 1:40 (Septuagint Γαιβηλ, A Γαοβηλ, SeptuagintL Ουβαλ); according to Glaser^{Skizze ii. 426} poss. = foregoing (cp. with name of (god) Bēl, Winckler^{Gesch. Isr. 120; Alttest. Unters. 117 f.}).

עֵיבָל³

n. pr. mont. Ebal, the mt. of cursing, N. of Shechem (Nabulus), and opposite Mt. Gerizim (mt. of blessing, S. of Shechem), Deuteronomy 11:29, also Joshua 8:30, Joshua 8:33; Septuagint Γαιβαλ (connex. with above √ doubtful; on בל = Bēl, compare Gray^{Prop. N. 124 n., and reff.});—on Ebal see Rob^{BR ii. 275 ff.} GASm^{Geogr. Ch. vi.} Dillmann Deuteronomy 11:29 Driver^ib. Bd^{Pal. (1898), 257}.

עָבַר

verb pass over, through, by, pass on (Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Zinj. עבר Haph. Lidzbarski³³⁶ Cook⁸⁸, perhaps also Nab. עבר the same^ib.; Targum עֲבַר, Syriac ܥܒܰܪ the same; Assyrian ebêru, the same Delitzsch^{HWB 10}, and deriv.; Arabic عَبَرَ the same, and deriv.; Sab. עבר = Hebrew עִבַּר 1. Mordt^{Sab Denkm 49}; עברת passage, march through DHM^{ZMG xxix (1875), 614} also bank or neighbourhood of a stream Sab Denkm⁴⁹);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ע׳ Genesis 15:17 +, with suffix עֲבָרוֹ Jeremiah 23:9; 1st singular עָבַ֫רְתִּי I Samuel 15:24 +; 2nd masculine plural עֲבַרְתֶּם Genesis 18:5 +; 1st plural עָבַ֫רְנוּ Joshua 24:17 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַעֲבֹר Amos 8:5 +, יַעֲבָר־ Genesis 33:14 +, with suffix 3rd masculine singular יַעַבְרֶ֫נּוּ Isaiah 33:21; Isaiah 35:8, יַעַבְרֶ֫נְהוּ Jeremiah 5:22, וַיַּעֲבֹר Genesis 12:6 +; 1st singular אֶעֱבֹר Amos 5:17 +, cohort. אֶעְבְּרָה Numbers 21:22 +, אֶעֱבֹ֑רָה Numbers 20:19 Judges 12:5, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. עֲבֹר Exodus 17:5 +; fs. עִבְרִי Micah 1:11 + 2 times; עֲבֹ֑רִי Isaiah 23:12; mpl. עִבְרוּ Amos 6:2 +; infinitive (מקור) absolute עָבוֹר II Samuel 17:16; construct עֲבֹר Amos 7:8 +, לַעֲבָר־ I Kings 18:6 + Nahum 2:1 Qr (Kt לעבור); with suffix עָבְרִי Exodus 33:22 Deuteronomy 4:21, etc.; participle (בינוני) עֹבֵר Judges 8:4 +, etc.;—

pass over:

= cross (stream, wady, sea, etc.), (1) with a direct object Genesis 31:21, Genesis 32:11, Joshua 3:14, Joshua 3:17; Joshua 4:1 (all JE), Deuteronomy 2:14, Numbers 32:29, II Samuel 17:20, II Samuel 17:22, II Samuel 17:24 Isaiah 16:8, + 37 times, + Genesis 32:23 (E; direct object מַעֲבַר), וְעָֽבְרָה הָֽעֲבָרָה לַעֲבִיר II Samuel 19:19 (read וַיַּעַבְרוּ Wellhausen Driver Kittel Löhr, and they crossed the ford, or וְעָֽבְרוּ frequent., HPS; > Septuagint Klostermann Budde וַיַּעַבְדוּ הָעֲבֹדָה and they performed the service); also with a direct object + direct object location I Samuel 13:7, + ה location Deuteronomy 4:26; Deuteronomy 31:13, Deuteronomy 32:47. (2) direct object om. Judges 3:28 II Samuel 17:16^(×2) + 32 times, + עֹבֵר Judges 8:4 (read וַיַּעֲבֹר Vrss, or del. as gloss GFM Budde), II Samuel 15:23 (where read עֹמֵד for Masoretic Text עֹבֵר Wellhausen Driver Budde Kittel Löhr HPS, but del. עֹבְרִים, plausibly, Klostermann HPS); c. אֶל־ †Numbers 32:7, Deuteronomy 27:2, Joshua 4:13; Joshua 22:19 (both P), c. אֶל־עֵבֶר Deuteronomy 30:13, c. הָעֵבֶר I Samuel 26:13; c.ה location †Deuteronomy 3:21; Deuteronomy 4:14; Deuteronomy 6:1; Deuteronomy 11:8, Deuteronomy 11:11; Deuteronomy 34:4 Isaiah 23:6; with a direct object location †Isaiah 23:12 Jeremiah 2:10 Numbers 32:32.

cross border, boundary, with a direct object Numbers 20:17; Numbers 21:22 (both JE), + אֶל־ I Samuel 27:2; of invasion, direct object om., c. אֶל־ Judges 11:32; Judges 12:3 I Samuel 14:1, I Samuel 14:6, I Samuel 14:8, c. ה location II Kings 8:21, absolute II Chronicles 21:9; compare Job 14:5.

cross over (sc. intervening space) against (עַל־) I Samuel 14:4, unto II Samuel 24:20 (read אֶל־ for עַל־ Budde HPS, compare SeptuagintL), so perhaps also Isaiah 45:14 (עַל; read אֶל?); with a direct object of goal Amos 5:5; Amos 6:2.

pass, march over (sc. bodies of captives), Isaiah 51:23^(×2).

= overflow, figuratively, Isaiah 23:10, absolute of invasion (like a flood) Isaiah 8:8, hence Daniel 11:10, Daniel 11:40, Nahum 1:8 (compare 4 c); of evil thoughts Psalms 73:7; compare עָֽבְרוּ דִבְרֵי־רָ֑ע Jeremiah 5:28 they overflow with evil matters.

pass, go, over, of waves, over one’s head, usually c. עַל־ Isaiah 54:9 Psalms 42:8; Psalms 88:17; Psalms 124:4, Psalms 124:5 (all figuratively), Jonah 2:4; with a direct object Psalms 38:5, compare Jeremiah 23:9 over whom wine hath gone (= overcome with wine).

of razor passing over head, c. עַל Numbers 6:5; figuratively of time passing over one, c. עַל־ I Chronicles 29:30 (compare Biblical Aramaic חלף על Daniel 4:13 +).

pass over upon (עַל־), in weakened sense, nearly = come or light upon; of spirit Numbers 5:14^(×2), Numbers 5:30; absolute + מֵאֵת I Kings 22:24 = II Chronicles 18:23; c. עַל־ also light upon in chastisement or judgment, Hosea 10:11 Job 13:13, compare Nahum 3:19; Deuteronomy 24:5 no affair shall pass over upon (עַל־) him, that is no duty be laid upon him.

overstep, transgress, with a direct object of covenant, command, etc. (usually divine); Numbers 14:41; Joshua 7:11, Joshua 7:15 (all JE), Deuteronomy 17:2; Deuteronomy 26:13; Joshua 23:16 (all D), Judges 2:20; I Samuel 15:24; Hosea 6:7; Hosea 8:1; II Kings 18:12; Jeremiah 34:18; Isaiah 24:5 Psalms 148:6 II Chronicles 24:20; Daniel 9:11; command of earthly king Esther 3:3; absolute Psalms 17:3 Job 14:5.

pass over = overlook, forgive עַל־פֶּשַׁע Micah 7:18 (+ לְ person), Proverbs 19:11; c. לְ person only, Amos 7:8; Amos 8:2.

Pass beyond, with a direct object I Samuel 14:23 (of battle), Jeremiah 5:22^(×2) (of sea); + אֶל Genesis 31:52^(×2); pass a little beyond ע׳ מְעַט מֵהָרֹאשׁ II Samuel 16:1, כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתִּי מֵהֶם Song of Songs 3:4; with a direct object of God’s command (פֶּה), Proverbs 8:29 (of sea), Numbers 22:18 = Numbers 24:13; direct object om. Job 14:5 Psalms 104:9.

Pass through, traverse, usually

c. בְּ of land, city, etc.: Numbers 21:23, Numbers 20:21 Joshua 18:9, Exodus 12:2, I Samuel 9:4^(×4) II Samuel 20:14 (+ ה location), + 31 times; c. בְּתוֹךְ †Ezekiel 9:4 Job 15:19; c. בְּקֶרֶב of camp, nation(s) †Joshua 1:11; Joshua 3:2, Joshua 24:17, Amos 5:17 Deuteronomy 29:15; with a direct object †Deuteronomy 2:18; Deuteronomy 29:15 Judges 11:29^(×2) Isaiah 10:29; absolute Exodus 12:23 Exodus 15:16, Numbers 20:19, Numbers 20:20, Deuteronomy 2:28 Micah 5:7 Lamentations 3:44 Ezekiel 14:15; Ezekiel 33:28; †opposite שׁוּב, pass through and return, go to and fro, Exodus 32:27 (E; מִשַׁעַר לָשַׁעַר בְּ׳), pt. absolute those going to and fro Ezekiel 35:7 Zechariah 7:14; Zechariah 9:8.

c. בְּ of river II Samuel 19:19 + II Samuel 15:23 (but read עֹמֵד Wellhausen Driver Budde al.), of sea Zechariah 10:11, compare Isaiah 43:2 Psalms 66:6, c. בְּתוֹךְ Numbers 33:8, Nehemiah 9:11; c. בְּ of gates Isaiah 62:10^(×2); compare עֹבְרֵי בְּעֵמֶק Psalms 84:7 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 130 a).

pt. absolute הָעֹבְרִים the passers-through Ezekiel 39:11, read probably הָעֲבָרִים (JDMich Hitzig Co Berthol), v Ezekiel 39:11 (Co reads אֶת־הַגַּיְא; Toy del. as gloss), v Ezekiel 39:14 (del. Septuagint Peshitta Co Toy Berthol).

pass through between (בֵּין) parts of victim, in covenant Genesis 15:17, Jeremiah 34:18, Jeremiah 34:19.

traverse with a direct object of expanse of water Isaiah 33:21 (of ship).

pass along by (עַל־), Genesis 18:5 (J; not סַרְתֶּם אֶל־ Ball after Septuagint), I Kings 9:8 Jeremiah 18:16 + 14 times; c. עַל־פָּנָיו †Exodus 34:6; with a direct object †Genesis 32:32 Judges 3:26 (on other possibilities see GFM), II Kings 6:9; absolute pass by Exodus 33:22^(×2), II Kings 4:8 + 15 times, + (of wind) Job 37:21 Proverbs 10:25 and (of waters, = flow past) Habakkuk 3:10 (compare Job 6:15), Job 11:16, hence מוֹר עֹבֵר Song of Songs 5:5, Song of Songs 5:13 flowing myrrh (liquid, opposite hard = מ׳ דְּרוֹר Exodus 30:23); pt. = passer-by Micah 2:8 Ezekiel 5:14; Ezekiel 36:34; Ezekiel 39:15 + 6 times. (Proverbs 26:10 see Toy), + עֹבֵר אֹרַח Isaiah 33:8, עֹבְרֵי דֶרֶךְ †Lamentations 1:12; Lamentations 2:15 Job 21:29 Proverbs 9:15 Psalms 80:13; Psalms 89:42; pass by = overtake and pass with a direct object †II Samuel 18:23.

pass by, בְּ rei, Psalms 103:16 (of wind); compare Deuteronomy 2:4.

sweep by, of scourge (figuratively) Isaiah 28:15, Isaiah 28:18, Isaiah 28:19 (compare מַעֲבָר 3).

be past, over, of time, etc., Amos 8:5 I Kings 18:29 Genesis 50:4 Song of Songs 2:11 + 7 times

pass along (from hand to hand), only pt. שֶׁקֶל כֶּסֶף עֹבֵר לַסֹּחֵר Genesis 23:16 that is current money of the merchant (see Budde^{Th Lz 1892(3), 63}); כֶּסֶף עֹבֵר II Kings 12:5 (see עֵרֶךְ).

Pass on, go on:

absolute Genesis 18:5, Numbers 22:26, Judges 12:1 + 20 times, + Judges 11:29; Judges 18:13 Joshua 10:29 (D; all with a direct object of goal + מִן), Genesis 18:3 (J; c. מֵעַל person); also c. אֶל־ person vel rei, proceed unto I Kings 19:19 II Kings 4:8 Nehemiah 2:14, c. עַל־ person (read אֶל־?) Lamentations 4:21; c. מִן Ruth 2:8, out of the city II Samuel 15:24; c. ה location Judges 12:1 II Samuel 19:41, c. ה location + מִן Joshua 10:31, Joshua 10:34; ע׳ מֵעִיר לָעִיר בארץ II Chronicles 30:10; absolute II Samuel 19:41 all the people of Judah proceeding with the king (read עֹבְרִים for ויעברו, see Hiph. ad fin.).

specif. of boundary-line, pass on, c. ה location Numbers 34:4^(×2) Joshua 15:3, Joshua 15:4; Joshua 16:6 (om. אוֹתוֹ Septuagint Vulgate compare Benn^Haupt Steuern); + מִן Joshua 19:13 + מִן + אֶל־ Joshua 18:13; c. מִן + לְ Joshua 15:6; c. אֶל־ Joshua 15:7, Joshua 15:10; Joshua 16:2; Joshua 18:18, Joshua 18:19; with a direct object location Joshua 15:3, Joshua 15:10, Joshua 15:11 (all P, except Joshua 16:2 JE).

c. לִפְנֵי pass on before, go in advance of Genesis 32:17 Exodus 17:5 (both E), Genesis 32:22; Genesis 33:3, Genesis 33:14 (all J), Deuteronomy 9:3 + 7 times, + Deuteronomy 3:18, Deuteronomy 3:28; Deuteronomy 31:3^(×2) Joshua 1:14 (all D) where ref. may be to crossing in advance of; c. עַל־פְּנֵו II Samuel 15:18 so v II Samuel 15:23 (reading עַל־פָּנָיו SeptuagintL Wellhausen Driver Klostermann Budde Kittel HPS).

pass on as far as (עַד), Judges 19:12, + מִן v Judges 19:18; c. אַחֲרֵי after II Samuel 20:13; תַּעֲבָר־כּוֹם עַל Lamentations 4:21 pass on unto (compare תִּסּוֹב Habakkuk 2:16).

pass on into (בְּ), Joshua 3:11 (+ לִפְנֵי), Joshua 4:7 (both JE), compare Judges 9:26 Job 33:28, so also ע׳ בִּבְרִית י׳ Deuteronomy 29:11 enter into a covenant with י׳; (Klostermann reads וַיַּעֲבֹר בַּבּ׳ also II Kings 23:3 for Masoretic Text ויעמד).

pass on away from (מֵאֵת) Deuteronomy 2:8 (+ ה location).

pass on in order, for counting II Samuel 2:15, עַל־יְדֵי מוֹנֶה Jeremiah 33:13, עֹבֵר עַל־הַפְּקֻדִים Exodus 30:13, Exodus 30:14; Exodus 38:26, also pass on under (תַּחַת) rod Leviticus 27:32 (for counting; all P; compare Hiph. 3 d).

pass along, travel with a direct object of way Isaiah 35:8 compare Isaiah 51:10; עֹבֵר אָרְחוֹת יַמִּים Psalms 8:9; c. בְּ of way Joshua 3:4 Proverbs 4:15; Proverbs 7:8.

pass on, advance, absolute, Psalms 48:5 (Olshausen Wellhausen pass away, perish), Micah 2:13 (direct object location).

Pass away:

emigrate, leave one’s territory or city Micah 1:11.

vanish, of chaff, Isaiah 29:5 compare Jeremiah 13:24, shadow Psalms 144:4, brooks Job 6:15 (all in sim.), Song of Songs 5:6.

= cease to exist, perish Nahum 1:12 Job 30:15; Job 33:18 (בְּ instr.), Job 36:12 (the same), Job 34:20 Psalms 37:36 (but read ואעבר and I passed by, compare 4 a), compare Isaiah 31:9 (סלעו subj.), מֵאֱלֹהַי מִשְׁפָּטִי יַעֲבוֹר Isaiah 40:27 pass away from.

= become invalid, obsolete, of law, decree, Esther 1:19; Esther 9:27, also v Esther 9:28 (+ מִתּוֹךְ הַיְהוּדִים).

c. מִן of hands Psalms 81:7 (that is they were freed from).

= be alienated, pass into other hands Ezekiel 48:14 (reading Kt; > Qr Hiph.).—Jeremiah 2:20 read אֶעֱבוֹד Kt (not אֶעֱבוֹר Qr); וָאֶתֵּן לָהֶם יַעַבְרוּם Jeremiah 8:13 and I gave to them that which they transgress Peshitta Vulgate Targum Aq Symm Ewald, those that shall pass over them Hitzig Gf Ke RVm, those that shall consume, devour them Rothst^Kau (reading יְבַעֲרוּם) but all very doubtful; Septuagint Co del.; Jeremiah 11:15 read Hiph. q.see; מִנֹּגַהּ נֶגְדּוֹ עָבָיו עָֽבְרוּ Psalms 18:13 is difficult; perhaps best, as Cheyne Kittel^Kau Löhr, out of the brightness before him issued forth hailstones, etc. (del. עָבָיו); > ‖ II Samuel 22:13 בָּֽעֲרוּ and so here Budde HPS compare Woods^{Hbr 1887, 262}, his clouds burned with hailstons, etc.; read rather עברו in 2 S.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular נַחַל אֲשֶׁר לֹא יֵעָבֵר Ezekiel 47:5 a stream which cannot be forded.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁוֹרוֹ עִבַּר Job 21:10 his bull impregnateth (compare Mishnaic Hebrew מְעֻבֶּרֶת pregnant, Yeb 4:1, 2; 7:3 Keth 1:9; but note also that in Targum Yonasan and Talm. (both Aramaic and Hebrew) עִבַּר = conceive, עִבּוּר conception, עוֹבֵר embryo.) absolute (proposes causeth to pass over, sc. semen).*

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיְעַבֵּר בְּ׳ I Kings 6:21 he made to pass across with chains of gold.—

see [עָבַר] below

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הֶעֱבִיר II Samuel 12:13 +; 2nd masculine singular הֵעֲבַ֫רְתָּ Joshua 7:7 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 63 p), וְהַעֲבַרְתָּ֫ Exodus 5:1 +; 1st singular הֶעֱבַ֫רְתִּי Zechariah 3:4, וְהַעֲבַרְתִּ֫י Ezekiel 20:37 + Jeremiah 15:14 (but read והעבדתי Septuagint Peshitta Targum Codd Ewald Hitzig Gf Gie), etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיַּעֲבֵר Genesis 8:1 +, וַיַּעֲבֶר־ II Chronicles 36:22 = Ezra 1:1, with suffix וַיַּעֲבִרֵנִי Ezekiel 46:21 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. הַעֲבֵר Psalms 119:37 + 2 times, הַעֲבֶר־ II Samuel 24:10 = I Chronicles 21:8; mpl. with suffix הַעֲבִירוּנִי II Chronicles 35:23; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַעֲבִיר Joshua 7:7 (read probably הַעֲבֵיר); construct הַעֲבִיר II Samuel 3:10 +, לַעֲבִיר II Samuel 19:19 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 53 q), etc.; participle (בינוני) מַעֲבִיר Deuteronomy 18:10 Daniel 11:20, plural מַעֲבִרִים I Samuel 2:24 (see below);—

cause to pass over, bring over:

cause one to cross river, c. 2 direct object, Genesis 32:24, Numbers 32:5 Joshua 7:7 (both JE), II Samuel 19:16, II Samuel 19:42; direct object of river om. Genesis 32:24, Joshua 4:3; Joshua 7:7 (+ infinitive (מקור) absolute; both JE), Genesis 4:8 (JE; + אֶל־), II Samuel 2:8 (+ direct object location).

cause something to pass over (עַל־): razor (direct object) Numbers 8:7, compare Ezekiel 5:1 (where Co reads with suffix of razor), wind Genesis 8:1.

make over to (ל), direct object of inheritance Numbers 27:7, Numbers 27:8; of making over, dedicating, something to (לְ) deity Exodus 13:12 (JE; = קִדַּשׁ). Especially

devote children to (לְ) heathen god Jeremiah 32:35 Ezekiel 23:37 (+ לְאָכְלָה), Leviticus 18:21, compare Ezekiel 16:21; + בָּאֵשׁ by fire II Kings 23:10; with a direct object alone devote Ezekiel 20:26; with a direct object + בָּאֵשׁ alone, devote by fire Deuteronomy 18:10 II Kings 16:3; II Kings 17:17; II Kings 21:6 = II Chronicles 33:6, Ezekiel 20:31 (on the practice compare Nowack^{Arch. ii. 205 f.} Benz^{Arch. 433 f.} Toy Ez:Ezekiel 16:20; Ezekiel 20:26 GFM^{JBL xvi (1897), 161 ff.}).

cause to pass through, with a direct object + בְּ Ezekiel 14:15; Ezekiel 47:3, Ezekiel 47:4 + v Ezekiel 47:4 (where ins. בְּ, compare Co Berthol Toy), Numbers 31:23^(×2); with a direct object + בְּתוֹךְ Psalms 136:14; with a direct object person alone Psalms 78:13, + אֶל־ Ezekiel 46:21, + עַד־אֲשֶׁר Nehemiah 2:7; with a direct object of (sound of) שׁוֹפָר Leviticus 25:9, + בְּ v Leviticus 25:9; with a direct object קוֹל = proclamation, + בְּ Exodus 36:6, II Chronicles 30:5; II Chronicles 36:22 = Ezra 1:1, Ezra 10:7 (+ לִ person), Nehemiah 8:15.

let pass through, with a direct object + בְּ person Deuteronomy 2:30.

cause to pass by, with a direct object + עַל־, Ezekiel 37:2 (+ סָבִיב סָבִיב), + עַל־פְּנֵי Exodus 33:19, + לִפְנֵי I Samuel 16:8, I Samuel 16:10 and (לִפְנֵי om.) v I Samuel 16:9.

let pass by, with a direct object מוֹעֵד Jeremiah 46:17 he hath let the set time pass by (in mocking appell. of Pharaoh).

cause arrow to pass beyond one I Samuel 20:36.

cause to pass under rod, for counting, Ezekiel 20:37 (compare Qal 5 g).

Cause to pass away, take away, kingdom (direct object) + מִן person II Samuel 3:10, compare Esther 8:2, put off robe + מֵעַל Jonah 3:6; with a direct object of sin II Samuel 12:13 (חַטָּאת) II Samuel 24:10 = I Chronicles 21:8; Job 7:21 (עָוֹן), + מֵעַל person Zechariah 3:4; Jeremiah 11:15 (reading יַעֲבִרוּ מֵעַל Ewald Gf Gie); put away evil (direct object) from (מִן), I Kings 15:12 compare ‖ II Chronicles 15:8; Zechariah 13:2; Ecclesiastes 11:10; with a direct object alone Psalms 119:39 Esther 8:3; also take me away (with suffix) II Chronicles 35:23 (c. מִן) v II Chronicles 35:24; turn away eyes (direct object) + מִן Psalms 119:37.—Genesis 47:21 read הֶעֱבִיד לַעֲבָדִים Sam Septuagint Vulgate Olshausen Kn Dillmann Kau Holz; Jeremiah 15:14 read וְהַעֲבַדְתִּיךָ Septuagint Targum Codd Gie; II Samuel 12:31 read וְהֶעֱבִיד Hoffmann^{journal ZAW ii (1882), 53 f.} Gratz Klostermann Budde Kittel HPS, compare Driver Löhr; II Samuel 19:41 (for ויעברו Kt, הֶעֱבִרוּ Qr) read עֹבְרִים Septuagint Wellhausen Budde Löhr HPS, וַיַּעַבְרוּ Kittel (see Qal 5 a); Ezekiel 48:14 read Qal (so Kt; see Qal 6 f); מַעֲבִרִים עַם־י׳ I Samuel 2:24 not good is the report which I hear the people of י׳ spreading (compare 2), so Ewald Th Wellhausen Driver Kittel Löhr RVm, but order of words difficult; > (ye) make the people of י׳ transgress Vulgate AV RV; text doubtful; מַעֲבִיר נוֹגֵשׂ Daniel 11:20 one causing an exactor to pass through Ewald al. RV, Bev proposes נוֹגֵשׂ מ׳ an exactor causing to pass away the glory, etc.

עֵ֫בֶר

noun (masc.) I Samuel 14:40 region across or beyond, side (on format. compare Barth^{NB 144}; compare especially Assyrian êbru, êbirtu, the same êbirtan, adverb beyond);—ע׳ absolute I Samuel 14:4 +; construct Joshua 24:4 +; with suffix עֶבְרוֹ Isaiah 47:15; plural construct עֶבְרֵי Isaiah 7:20 Jeremiah 48:28 (si vera l., see below); with suffix עֲבָרָיו I Kings 5:4 Jeremiah 49:32 (read probably עֶבְרֵיהֶם, so Vrss), עֶבְרֵיהֶם Exodus 32:15;—

region across or beyond anything (usually wady, river, or sea), mostly c. preposition: בְּעֵבֶר אַרְנוֹן Numbers 21:13 Judges 11:18, compare Jeremiah 25:22; אֶל־ע׳ הַיָּם Deuteronomy 30:13 b, מֵעֵבֶר לַיָּם v Deuteronomy 30:13 a beyond the sea; מֵע׳ לְנַהֲרֵי־כוּשׁ Isaiah 18:1, compare עַד־מֵע׳ I Kings 4:12 (מִן on the side of, on, see מִן 1 c; so usually c. ע׳); but also (rarely) מֵע׳ from the other side of Zephaniah 3:10 Job 1:19 II Chronicles 20:2; absolute הָע׳ I Samuel 26:13 to the other side (sc. of a ravine; after וַיַּעֲבֹר); בְּעֵבֶר הָעֵמֶק I Samuel 31:7, read perhaps בְּעָרֵי הָע׳, so Klostermann Budde HPS; בְּעֶבְרֵי פִי־פָ֑חַת Jeremiah 48:28 beyond the mouth of a chasm is doubtful; Gie proposes בְּחֹרֵי כֵפֵי בַתֹּת in the rock-holes of the precipices; especially (chiefly Hex, 37 times) ע׳הַיַּרְדֵּן (30 times), or (less often, Joshua 13:32 + 13 times), לַיַּרְדֵּן, לְיַרְדֵּן יְרֵחוֹ (only c. מֵע׳), of either E. Jordan (36 times) or W. Jordan land (9 times) according to standpoint of speaker or writer: A. E. Jordan (from standpoint of writer) Genesis 50:10, Genesis 50:11 Joshua 17:5 Deuteronomy 1:1, Deuteronomy 1:5; Deuteronomy 4:41, Deuteronomy 4:46, Deuteronomy 4:47, Deuteronomy 4:49; Joshua 1:14; Joshua 12:1; Joshua 13:8, Numbers 22:1; Numbers 32:19; Numbers 34:15 Joshua 13:27, Joshua 13:32; Joshua 14:3; Joshua 20:8, Judges 7:25; Judges 10:8 I Samuel 31:7 Isaiah 8:23 I Chronicles 6:63; I Chronicles 12:37; from standpoint of speaker, Joshua 7:7, Joshua 24:8, Joshua 1:15; Joshua 2:10; Joshua 9:10; Joshua 18:7; Joshua 22:4, Judges 5:17; in Numbers 35:14 (Moses speaks) it is land opposite to Can., compare Numbers 32:32; in Deuteronomy 3:8 (Moses speaks) writer ascribes his own standpoint to Moses; (often further topogr. note is added, for example מִזְרָ֫חָה Deuteronomy 4:49 +, מִזְרַח הַששֶּׁמֶשׁ Joshua 1:15 +, etc.); אֶל־עֵבֶר בְּנֵי יִשְׂר׳ Joshua 22:11 toward the region opposite the sons of Israel appar. also refers to E. side (see Steuernagel on text). B. W. Jordan (9 times), from standpoint of speaker Deuteronomy 3:20, Deuteronomy 3:25 (Moses), also Deuteronomy 11:30 (but here + מְבוֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ, and in all following some special designation of West), + יָ֫מָּה Joshua 5:1 (D; from standpoint of those just crossed), Joshua 12:7 (opposite East v Joshua 12:1-6), Joshua 22:7 (the same; Kt מעבר, Qr בְּעֵבֶר), compare Joshua 9:1 (as Joshua 5:1); + וָהָ֑לְאָה Numbers 32:19 a (opposite East v b); in I Chronicles 26:30 מֵע׳ לַיַּר׳ מַעֲרָ֑בָה ע׳ seems = side (see below). Also בְּע׳ הַנָּהָר beyond the river (Euphrates) Joshua 24:2, Joshua 24:14, Joshua 24:15 (E; Kt Qr מֵע׳), מֵע׳ II Samuel 10:16 = I Chronicles 19:16 beyond, and I Kings 14:5 to the other side of (see מִן 1 c); מֵע׳ from beyond the river only Joshua 24:3, in all these = beyond the Euphr. eastward, from standpoint of those west of Euphr.; so plural בְּעֶבְרֵי הַנּ׳ Isaiah 7:20; poss. also ע׳ alone (si vera l.) in the difficult passage Numbers 24:24; ע׳ הַנָּהָר = region beyond the river (Euphr.) westward (from standpoint of those in Babylonia or Persia) Nehemiah 2:7, Nehemiah 2:9; Nehemiah 3:7 Ezra 8:36; also I Kings 5:4^(×2) (written in Bab.; compare Biblical Aramaic עֲבַר, and Driver^{Intr (6) 504}). compare late Assyrian ebir nâri Schr^{KB iv. 304, 1. 7 from below;} Schrader's Keilinschriften 3. 188, 437.

(Opposite) side, side: מֵע׳ הַלָּז I Samuel 14:1 on yonder side seems transition to this meaning; מֵהָע׳ מִזֶּה twice, v I Samuel 14:4 = on one side, on the other side, so לְע׳ אֶחָד twice v I Samuel 14:40; even מִשְּׁנֵי עִבְרֵיהֶם Exodus 32:15 on their two sides (that is of tablets); אֶל־ע׳ הָאֵפוֹד בָּ֑יְתָה Exodus 28:26 toward the inner side of the ephod; in I Kings 7:20, I Kings 7:30 ע׳ appar. = at the side of or opposite, but the archit. details are obscure; מִכָּל־עֲבָרָיו מִסָּבִיב I Kings 5:4 on all sides of him, round about, מִכָּל־עֲבָרָיו Jeremiah 49:32 (reads עֶבְרֵיהֶם Vrss Gie) from all sides of them (all directions, = מִכָּל־סְבִיבָ֑יִךְ v Jeremiah 49:5); אֶל־עֵבֶר פָּנָיו יֵלֵ֑כוּ to the side of their faces (that is in front, straight forward) they (always) went Ezekiel 1:9, Ezekiel 1:12; Ezekiel 10:22, compare עַל־ע׳ פָּנֶיהָ Exodus 25:37 to give light upon the space in front of it; אִישׁ לְעֶבְרוֹ תָּעוּ Isaiah 47:15 they wander away each in his own direction (regardless of thee).—On I Chronicles 26:30 see above

עֵ֫בֶר²

n.pr.m. Eber (perhaps eponym of Hebrews, form inferred from עִבְרִי, compare reff. there);—

‘son’ of Shelaḥ, and ‘grandson’ of Arpachshad Genesis 10:24 = I Chronicles 1:18; Genesis 11:14, Genesis 11:15; ‘father’ of Peleg and Joktan Genesis 10:25 (J; with especially ref. to Joktan v Genesis 10:26, that is to Arabians) = I Chronicles 1:19 (compare v I Chronicles 1:20), of Peleg specif. Genesis 11:16, Genesis 11:17 (P; with especially ref. to Abr. v Genesis 11:26) compare I Chronicles 1:25 (see v I Chronicles 1:27); in Genesis 10:21 Shem is called אֲבִי כָּל־בְּנֵי־עֵבֶר; Septuagint Εβερ.—ע׳ Numbers 24:24 perhaps (si vera l.) belongs not here (= עִבְרִים Hebrews, Septuagint Ἐβραίους, so Gesenius' Thesaurus), but sub i. עֵבֶר = the (land) beyond (the river), ‖ אַשּׁוּר, so Dillmann Kau.

a Gadite chief I Chronicles 5:13, Septuagint Ωβηδ, SeptuagintL Εβερ.

Benjamite names:

I Chronicles 8:12, Septuagint Ωβηδ, SeptuagintL Αβερ.

I Chronicles 8:22 (עֵבֶר van d. H. Ginsb; עֶבֶד Baer), Septuagint Ωβδη, A Ωβηδ, SeptuagintL Αβερ.

a priest Nehemiah 12:20 SeptuagintL Αβεδ.

עִבְרִי

adjective et n. gent. Hebrew, either

put into the mouth of foreigners (Egyptian and Philist.), or

used to distinguish Isr. from foreigners ( = one from beyond, from the other side, that is probably (in Hebrew trad.) from beyond the Euphrates (compare Joshua 24:2, Joshua 24:3 E), but poss. in fact (if name given in Canaan) from beyond the Jordan; compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 2 bStade's Hebrew Grammar § 1 b Konig^{i. 18 ff.} Wellhausen^{Isr. u. Jüd. Gesch. 7} Kau^{‘Eber’ and ‘Hebräer’} in Ri^{HWB 332, 600}.—On connexion of ע׳ (in wide sense) with Ḫabirû (Tel Am.) see Winckler^{Gesch. Isr. 17 ff.; Sem. Studies in Mem. of Kohut, 605 ff.} EMey^{Aegyptica [Ebers], 75} compare Glaser^{MVG 1897, 255 ff.} Konig^{Exp. Times xi. 238}; opposite Jastr^{JBL xi (1892), 118 ff.} Say^{Monuments 188, 333} WMM^{As. u. Eur. 396});—ms. ע׳ Genesis 39:14 +; fs. עִבְרִיָּה Deuteronomy 15:12 Jeremiah 34:9; mpl. עִבְרִים Genesis 43:32 +, עִבְרִיִּים Exodus 3:18; fpl. עִבְרִיֹּת Exodus 1:15 + 2 times, -וֹת Exodus 1:16; word not in P;—

adjective

אִישׁ עִבְרִי Genesis 39:14 compare v Genesis 39:17 (both J), Genesis 41:12.

אִישׁ עִבְרִי Exodus 2:11 compare v Exodus 2:13; Exodus 21:2 (all E), Deuteronomy 15:12; Jeremiah 34:9, Jeremiah 34:14; f. Deuteronomy 15:12; Jeremiah 34:9.

n.

Exodus 1:16, Exodus 1:19; Exodus 2:7 (all f.) Exodus 2:6 (all E), I Samuel 4:6, I Samuel 4:9; I Samuel 13:19; I Samuel 14:11; I Samuel 29:3.

Genesis 40:15 Exodus 1:15 (f.; both E), I Samuel 13:3; I Samuel 14:21; Genesis 43:32; especially in אֱלֹהֵי הָעִבְרִים Exodus 3:18; Exodus 5:3; Exodus 7:16; Exodus 9:1, Exodus 9:13; Exodus 10:3 (all J); singular only אַבְרָם הָע׳ Genesis 14:13, ע׳ אָנֹ֑כִי Jonah 1:9.—Septuagint Ἐβραῖος, Ἐβραία, Genesis 14:13 τῷ περάτῃ.—I Samuel 13:7 read probably for וְעִבְרִים וגו׳, וְעָֽבְרוּ מַעְבְּרוֹת הַיַּרְדֵּן (Wellhausen), or, better, וַיַּעַבְרוּ Driver Kittel Löhr; > וְעַם רַב Klostermann Budde HPS.

עִבְרִי²

n.pr.m. Levite name, I Chronicles 24:27; Septuagint Αβαι, A Ωβδι, SeptuagintL Αβαρια.

עֶבְרָה

noun (fem.) overflow, arrogance, fury;—absolute ע׳ Isaiah 13:9 +; construct עֶבְרַת Zephaniah 1:18 +; with suffix עֶבְרָתִי Isaiah 10:6 +, etc.; plural עֲבָרוֹת Job 21:30; construct עַבְרוֹת Psalms 7:7 Job 40:11;—

overflow, excess, outburst, ע׳ זָדוֹן Proverbs 21:24 excess of insolence; עַבְרוֹת אַפֶּ֑ךָ Job 40:11 outbursts of thine anger.

arrogance, of Moab Isaiah 16:6 (+ גַּאֲוָה, גָּאוֹן), hence Jeremiah 48:30 (+ the same v Jeremiah 48:29).

overflowing rage, fury:

of men, Genesis 49:7 (poem in J), Amos 1:11 (both ‖ אַף), Isaiah 14:6 Proverbs 14:35, שֵׁבֶט עֶבְרָתוֹ Proverbs 22:8 (that is rod wielded by him in fury, see also Lamentations 3:1 below), עַבְרוֹת צוֹרְרָ֑י Psalms 7:7 the outbursts of fury of my foes.

of י׳ Hosea 5:10; Hosea 13:11 (‖ אַף), Habakkuk 3:8 (‖ the same), Isaiah 9:18 Lamentations 2:2 Psalms 90:9, Psalms 90:11; + חֲרוֹן אַף Isaiah 13:9, ‖ the same v Isaiah 13:13 Psalms 78:49 (+ זַעַם), Psalms 85:4; אֵשׁ עֶבְרָתִי Ezekiel 21:36 (‖ זַעַם), Ezekiel 22:31 (‖ the same), v Ezekiel 21:21; Ezekiel 38:19; שֵׁבֶט עֶבְרָתוֹ Lamentations 3:1 (compare Proverbs 22:8 above); עַם עֶבְרָתִי Isaiah 10:6 (that is obj. of my rage), compare דּוֹר עֶבְרָתוֹ Jeremiah 7:29; יוֹם עֶבְרַת י׳ Zephaniah 1:18 day of י׳’s fury (coming judgment), so Ezekiel 7:19 (del. Co Berthol, after Septuagint, as gloss from Zp); so יוֹם עֶבְרָה Zephaniah 1:15 Proverbs 11:4; יוֹם עֲבָרוֹת Job 21:30; compare עֶבְרָה Proverbs 11:23.

עָבַר²

verb denom.

be arrogant, infuriate oneself;—past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִתְעַבָּ֑ר Psalms 78:62; 2nd masculine singular הִתְעַבַּ֫רְתָּ Psalms 89:39; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיִּתְעַבֵּר Deuteronomy 3:26, וַיִּתְעַבָּ֑ר Psalms 78:21, Psalms 78:59; participle (בינוני) מִתְעַבֵּר Proverbs 14:16; Proverbs 26:17; with suffix מִתְעַבְּרוֹ Proverbs 20:2;—

be arrogant, Proverbs 14:16 (opposite יָרֵא).

put oneself in a fury, become furious. c. בְּ person Deuteronomy 3:26 Psalms 78:62; c. עִם person Psalms 89:39; absolute Psalms 78:21, Psalms 78:59 (all of God); of man, c. עַל rei. Proverbs 26:17.

incite one to fury for oneself Proverbs 20:2 (si vera l.; compare De Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 54 f.).

עֶבְרֹן

n.pr.location Joshua 19:38 (Septuagint Ελβων, A SeptuagintL Αχραν); read probably עַבְדֹּן q.see

עָבוֹת²

adjective having interwoven foliage, leafy;—עֵץ עָבוֹת leafy trees Ezekiel 20:28; Nehemiah 8:15; עֵץ עָבֹת Leviticus 23:40; f. אֵלָה עֲבֻתָּה Ezekiel 6:13 a leafy terebinth.—עָבוֹת II Samuel 23:4 Psalms 77:18 see ii. עָב sub עוּב.

עֲבֹת

noun (masc.) ^{Judges 15:13} + et f. ^{Judges 15:14}; Job 39:10 (twisted) cord, rope; cordage; interwoven foliage (?);—absolute ע׳ Exodus 28:14 + 2 times; construct עֲבוֹת Isaiah 5:18 Psalms 129:4; with suffix 3rd masculine singular עֲבֹתוֹ Job 39:10, 3rd masculine plural עֲבֹתֵ֑ימוֹ Psalms 2:3; plural עֲבֹתִים Judges 15:13 +, עֲבֹתֹת Exodus 28:14 +, etc.;—

cord, rope:

as fetter, Judges 15:13, Judges 15:14; Judges 16:11, Judges 16:12; Ezekiel 3:25; Ezekiel 4:8; Job 39:10 (of wild ox), so also probably Psalms 118:27 bind the festal victim (חַג) with cords Ewald Olshausen De Hup-Nowack Driver al.; > with branches Cheyne, compare Bae Duhm; figuratively of authority Psalms 2:3 (‖ מוֹסְרוֹתֵימוֹ), Psalms 129:4.

עֲבוֹת הָעֲגָלָה Isaiah 5:18 that is with which a cart is drawn (in sim.; ‖ חַבְלֵי הַשָּׁוְא); figuratively עֲבֹתוֹת אַהֲבָה Hosea 11:4 with the cords of love, of י׳’s drawing Isr. (‖ חַבְלֵי אָדָם).

cordage, cord, of (twisted) golden chains on high priest’s breast-piece (all P): מַעֲשֵׂה עֲבֹת, cordage-work Exodus 28:14, Exodus 28:22; Exodus 39:15; שַׁרְשְׁרֹת הָעֲבֹתֹת Exodus 28:14 the chains of cords (cordlike chains); שְׁתֵּי (הָ)עֲבֹתֹת the two cords v Exodus 28:24, Exodus 28:25; Exodus 39:17, Exodus 39:18.

interwoven foliage (?) in phr. (עַל־)בֵּין עֲבֹתִים of top of a vine Ezekiel 19:11 (clouds Ewald Hitzig-Smend Toy, read then עָבוֹת); of cedar, Ezekiel 31:3, Ezekiel 31:10, Ezekiel 31:14, but in these certainly clouds, so Septuagint Ewald Hitzig-Smend Co al.

עָגַב

verb have inordinate affection, lust (compare Arabic عَجِبَ wonder, admire, عَجِيبٌ beloved; and (on sens. obsc. in Mishnaic Hebrew) Levy^{NHWB iii. 616});—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular עָֽגְבָה Ezekiel 23:7, Ezekiel 23:9, Ezekiel 23:12; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular וַתַּעְגַּב v Ezekiel 23:5, + v Ezekiel 23:16 Kt (Qr וַתַּעְגְּבָה), וַתַּעְגְּבַה v Ezekiel 23:20 (Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 191 c Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 228 b); participle (בינוני) plural עֹגְבִים Jeremiah 4:30;—lust after (עַל־), only in figuratively of relations of Samaria and Jerus. (personif.) with foreigners Ezekiel 23:5, Ezekiel 23:9, Ezekiel 23:12, Ezekiel 23:16, Ezekiel 23:20, so with a direct object v Ezekiel 23:7; pt. as noun paramours Jeremiah 4:30.

עוּגָב

noun (masc.) a musical instr. (poss. from above √, because of sensuous or appealing tones);—Genesis 4:21 (J; + כִּנּוֹר), Job 21:12 (‖ תֹּף, כִּנּוֹר), Psalms 150:4 (+ מִנִּים), with suffix עֻגָבִי Job 30:31 (‖ כִּנֹּרִי);—according to Targum a reed-pipe or flute (אַבּוּבָא), Vulgate a Pan’s pipe (organon, made up of several reeds together); Nowack^{Arch. i. 277} Benz^{Arch. 276} think of bag-pipe (= סוּמְפֹּנְיָה Daniel 3:5, Daniel 3:10, Daniel 3:15), compare also in Wellhausen^{ψψ Eng.Tr. 219}; > a stringed instr. Septuagint Peshitta (Genesis 4:21).

עֻגָה

עֵ֫גֶל

noun (masc.) ^{Exodus 32:24} calf (as rolling or gamboling? compare כַּר fr. כָּרַר; Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Phoenician (Pu.) עגל the same Lidzbarski ³³⁶; עגילו Palmyrene n.pr. the same Cook⁸⁹; Aramaic ܥܶܓܠܴܐ, ܥܓܶܠܬܳܐ, עִיגְלָא, עֲגַלְתָּא, the same; Assyrian [agalu], plural agalê probably calves Delitzsch^{HWB 16} (compare against this Jen^{Kosmol. 110}, but see also Jäger^{BAS ii. 2, 286}); Arabic عِجْلٌ, the same; Ethiopic እጕል, እጉልት, compare also Hom^{NS 226});—ע׳ absolute Exodus 32:19 +; construct I Samuel 28:24 +; with suffix עֶגְלֵךְ Hosea 8:5; plural עֲגָלִים Hosea 13:2 +; construct עֶגְלֵי I Kings 12:28 +;—calf, Isaiah 11:6; Isaiah 27:10 in sim. of leaping mts. Psalms 29:6; in sim. of foot-sole of cherubim Ezekiel 1:7; ע׳ מַרְבֵּק that is a stall-fed (fatted) calf, I Samuel 28:24, in sim. Jeremiah 46:21; Malachi 3:20, compare ע׳ מִתּוֹךְ מַרְבֵּק Amos 6:4; ע׳ לֹא לֻמָּ֑ד Jeremiah 31:18 an untrained calf; עֶגְלֵי עַמִּים Psalms 68:31 calves of peoples, that is peoples like calves, so most; perhaps read בַּעֲלֵי עמ׳ Matthes Cheyne Gunkel^{Schöpf. 66 f.} compare Bae; calf as sacrif. victim Micah 6:6; Leviticus 9:2, Leviticus 9:3, Leviticus 9:8; cut in two, in ratifying covenant Jeremiah 34:18, Jeremiah 34:19 (compare עֶגְלָה Genesis 15:9); elsewhere image of calf: made at Horeb, ע׳ מַסֵּכָה Exodus 32:4, Exodus 32:8; Deuteronomy 9:16; Nehemiah 9:18; ע׳ alone Exodus 32:19, Exodus 32:20, Exodus 32:24, Exodus 32:35; Deuteronomy 9:21 Psalms 106:19; two set up by Jerob. I in N. Isr., I Kings 12:28, I Kings 12:32; II Kings 10:29; II Kings 17:16 II Chronicles 11:15; II Chronicles 13:8, compare Hosea 8:5, Hosea 8:6 (עֶגְלֵךְ, ע׳ שֹׁמְרוֹן), Hosea 13:2; also Hosea 10:5 (see i. עֶגְלָה as fin.).

עֶגְלָה

noun (fem.) heifer;—absolute ע׳ Genesis 15:9 +; construct עֶגְלַת Isaiah 7:21 +; with suffix עֶגְלָתִי Judges 14:18; plural construct עֶגְלוֹת Hosea 10:5 (but see below);—heifer, Isaiah 7:21, used in ploughing Judges 14:18 (figuratively), threshing Jeremiah 50:11 (ע׳ דָשָׁא, in sim., see דּוּשׁ, read perhaps דָשָׁה), figuratively of stateliness etc. Jeremiah 46:20; ע׳ מְלֻמָּדָה Hosea 10:11 a trained heifer (sim. of Ephr.); used for sacrif. I Samuel 16:2 (עֶגְלַת בָּקָר); cut in two for ratifying covenant Genesis 15:9 (J; ע׳ מְשֻׁלֶּשֶׁת; compare עֵגֶל Jeremiah 34:18, Jeremiah 34:19); in cleansing city from blood-guiltiness Deuteronomy 21:3 (ע׳ בָּקָר), v Deuteronomy 21:4^(×2), Deuteronomy 21:6; once of calves worshipped in N. Isr. Hosea 10:5 (where read probably עֵגֶל, so Septuagint Wellhausen Nowack GASm, compare Cheyne, see also the following sfs. ms.).

עֶגְלָה²

n.pr.f. wife of David (on sense heifer compare לֵאָה, רָחֵל; see also Gray^{Prop. N. 92, Noldeke. 27});—II Samuel 3:5 (Septuagint Αιγαλ, A Αιγας, SeptuagintL Αγλα) = I Chronicles 3:3 (Septuagint Αλα, A Αγλα, SeptuagintL Εγλα).

עָגֹל

adjective round;—absolute עָגֹל I Kings 7:23 + 2 times, עָגוֹל I Kings 10:19 II Chronicles 4:2; fpl. עֲגֻלּוֹת I Kings 7:31;—round I Kings 7:31^(×2) (opposite מְרֻבָּעוֹת), I Kings 10:19; ע׳ סָבִיב round in circuit (perimeter) I Kings 7:23 = II Chronicles 4:2; I Kings 7:35.

עֲגָלָה

noun (fem.) cart (from rolling of wheels; Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Phoenician (Pu.) עגלת (?) Lidzbarski³³⁶; Aramaic עֲגַלְתָּא, ܥܳܓܶܠܬܳܐ; Sem. loan-word in Egyptian āgartȧ Bondi³⁸, ʿagolt Erman^{Egyptian 491}; compare also Wilkinson^{Anc. Egyptian (1878), i. 223–241, especially 235, also 249} (illustr. vehicles drawn by cattle, compare I Samuel 6:7 Numbers 7:3));—absolute ע׳ I Samuel 6:7 +, with suffix עֶגְלָתוֹ Isaiah 28:28; plural עֲגָלוֹת Genesis 45:19 +; construct עֶגְלֹת Numbers 7:3;—cart, used for transporting persons and things Genesis 45:19, Genesis 45:21, Genesis 45:27; Genesis 46:5, I Samuel 6:7^(×2), I Samuel 6:8, I Samuel 6:10, I Samuel 6:11, I Samuel 6:14^(×2), II Samuel 6:3^(×2) = I Chronicles 13:7^(×2); Numbers 7:3 (ע׳ צָב covered carts), v Numbers 7:3, Numbers 7:6, Numbers 7:7, Numbers 7:8; in sim. Amos 2:13, עֲבוֹת הַע׳ Isaiah 5:18 cart-rope, אוֹפַן ע׳ Isaiah 28:27 of (threshing-) wagon (compare Driver^{Am. p. 228}), גִּלְגַּל ע׳ v Isaiah 28:28 the same;—ע׳ = warchariots only Psalms 46:10 (Duhm transport-wagons).

עָגִיל

n.[m.] hoop, ring;—absolute ע׳ Numbers 31:50 probably ear-ring (+ טַבַּעַת, etc.); plural עֲגִילִים עַל־ אָזְנָ֑יִךְ Ezekiel 16:12 (+ נֶזֶם עַל־אַפֵּךְ nose-ring).

עֶגְלוֹן

n.pr. (compare Gray^{Prop. N. 92, Noldeke. 27});—

m. a king of Moab, Judges 3:12, Judges 3:14, Judges 3:15, Judges 3:17^(×2), Septuagint Εγλωμ.

location Joshua 10:3, Joshua 10:5, Joshua 10:23, Joshua 10:37; Joshua 12:12; Joshua 15:34, c. ה location Joshua 10:34, מֵעֶגְלוֹ֫נָה v Joshua 10:36; Septuagint Οδολλαμ Joshua 10; Αιλαμ Joshua 12:12, A Εγλωμ, SeptuagintL Εγλων, and so Joshua 15:39; site ʿAǧlân, N. of Telel-Ḥesy, Buhl^{Geogr. 192}.

עֶגְלַ֫יִם

Ezekiel 47:10 in עֵין ע׳ q.see

עָגוּר

n.[m.] appar. understood by Mass. as name of a bird; very uncertain; crane according to Saad. (Is), but note of crane not suitable (Tristr^{NHB 239 f.});—וְתוֹר וְסוּס וְעָגוּר Jeremiah 8:7; כְּסוּס עָגוּר Isaiah 38:14 (but here gloss Klostermann Brd Dillmann Dn Cheyne^Haupt); Gesenius' Thesaurus and (in Je) Hitzig Gf Gie del. וְ and take ע׳ as adjective of סוס = twittering or the like; Gesenius' Thesaurus assumes transpos. from גער, Ethiopic ግዕረ: cry.

עַד

עֵד

עִדֹּא

see עדד.

עִדָּה

noun (fem.) menstruation, so Vrss (proposes time, period);—plural absolute בֶּגֶד עִדִּים Isaiah 64:5 that is stained garment (figuratively of best deeds of guilty people; ‖ טָמֵא).

עִדּוֹ

n.pr.m. Iddo;—

father of an officer of Sol. עִדֹּא I Kings 4:14; Septuagint Αχελ, A Σαδωκ, SeptuagintL Αχιαβ.

grandfather of prophet Zechariah עִדּוֹ Zechariah 1:1, עִדּוֹא v Zechariah 1:7; Septuagint Αδδω.

a Levite עִדּוֹ I Chronicles 6:6; Septuagint Αδει, SeptuagintL Αδδω.

a priestly name עִדּוֹא van d. H. Ginsb (Baer עִדּוֹ) Nehemiah 12:4; Septuagintא etc. Αδαιας; also עדיא v Nehemiah 12:16 Kt (עֲדָיָא?), Qr עִדּוֹא; Septuagintא τῷ Αδδαι, SeptuagintL τῷ Αδαιᾳ.

a seer עִדּוֹ הַחֹזֶה II Chronicles 12:15 = הַנָּבִיא עִדּוֹ II Chronicles 13:22; Septuagint Αδ(δ)ω; = יֶעְדּוֹ II Chronicles 9:29, Ιωηλ(δ).

עָדָה

verb pass on, advance (Arabic (عدو) عَدَا pass by, also run = Ethiopic ዐደወ: pass by; Aramaic עדי go along, go by (often for Hebrew עָבַר), Aph. remove; Syriac ܥܕܳܐ pass by, come, c. ܥܰܠ fall upon);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular עָדָה Job 28:8 the fierce lion hath not advanced upon it (sc. the way).

participle (בינוני) מַעֲדֶה בֶּגֶר Proverbs 25:20 removing a garment (compare Genesis 38:19 Targum, Jonah 3:6 Hebrew and Targum).

עַד²

and וָעֶ֑ד (so always) noun (masc.) perpetuity ( = advancing time, compare Assyrian adû, time, at the present time);—

of past time: מִנִּי עַד Job 20:4; הררי עד Habakkuk 3:6 ancient mountains (compare עולם 1) so Genesis 49:26 (read הַרְרֵי עַד for הוֹרַ֔י עַד).

of future time, לָעַד (usually לָעַ֑ד) for ever:

during lifetime, of king Psalms 21:7 Proverbs 29:14; of others Psalms 9:19; Psalms 22:27; Psalms 61:9 Proverbs 12:19.

of things, לָעַד בַּצּוּר יֵחָֽצֵב֑וּן Job 19:24.

of continuous existence, of nations, גְּבֶרֶת עַד (of Babylon, compare עולם 2 c) Isaiah 47:7 (yet see iii. עַד II 3); anger, לעד Amos 1:11; elsewhere עֲדֵי עַד Psalms 83:18; Psalms 92:8 Isaiah 26:4; Isaiah 65:18.

of divine existence, שֹׁכֵן עַד Isaiah 57:15; attributes, לָעַד Psalms 111:3, Psalms 111:10; Psalms 112:3, Psalms 112:9; residence in Zion, עֲדֵי עַד Psalms 132:14; law of God, לָעַד Psalms 19:10; promise as to dynasty of David, לָעַד Psalms 89:30; עֲדֵי עַד Psalms 132:12; inheritance of land, לָעַד Psalms 37:29; continuous relations between God and his people I Chronicles 28:9; Isaiah 64:8; Micah 7:18 לעד.

phrases (see עולם 2nd masculine): (לְ)עוֹלָם וָעֶ֑ד Psalms 9:6; Psalms 10:16; Psalms 21:5; Psalms 45:7, Psalms 45:18; Psalms 48:15; Psalms 52:10; Psalms 104:5; Psalms 119:44; Psalms 145:1, Psalms 145:2, Psalms 145:21; Exodus 15:18; Micah 4:5; Daniel 12:3; לָעַד לְעוֹלָם Psalms 111:8; Psalms 148:6; עַד־עוֹלְמֵי עַד Isaiah 45:17.—Isaiah 30:8 read (עַד־עוֹלָם) לְעֵד for a witness (Peshitta Septuagint Targum Gesenius Ewald Dillmann Cheyne Duhm) for Masoretic Text לָעַד.

עַד³

n.[m.] booty, prey (upon which one advances, falls); compare Targum עֲדִי booty, Isaiah 10:2; Isaiah 33:23 +.—יֹאכַל עַד Genesis 49:27 devour prey (‖ שָׁלָל); עַד שָׁלָל מַרְבֶּה Isaiah 33:23 prey of great spoil; קוּמִי לְעַד Zephaniah 3:8 (of God) my rising up to the prey (Br^MP); אֲבִי עַד Isaiah 9:5 father (that is distributor) of booty (Hitzig Kn Kue Br^MP Duhm Cheyne^Haupt; > Gesenius Ewald Dillmann al. everlasting father).

עַד⁴

in poetry עֲדֵי (†Numbers 24:20, Numbers 24:24 Psalms 104:23; Psalms 147:6; Job 7:4; Job 20:5, and in עֲדֵי עַד Isaiah 26:4; Isaiah 65:18 Psalms 83:18; Psalms 92:8; Psalms 132:12, Psalms 132:14: compare אֱלֵי, עֲלֵי), preposition as far as, even to, up to, until, while (Aramaic עד, ܥܕ; Sab. עד, עדי, Mordtm^{ZMG xxx (1876), 27}; DHM^{xxxvii (1883), 414}, Assyrian adi Delitzsch's Assyrian Grammar § 81 a (Arabic عَدَا is except); perhaps akin to عَدَا pass on, advance to, Konig^{ii. 304, 309}: עֲדֵי probably from ground-form ʿădăy, Olshausen^{428, 421} Konig^{ii. 309 ff.}; but Lagarde^{Sym. ii. 101–3, Mitth. i. 231 f.}; as plur. like אַחֲרֵי);—with with suffix עָדַי Numbers 23:18 +, עָדֶיךָ Micah 4:8 +, etc., עָֽדֵיכֶם †Job 32:12; II Kings 9:18 עַד־הֵם occurs; —as far as,- even to (differing from אֶל, in that the limit is included, as in Arabic حَتَّى Fl^{Kl.Schr. i. 402 f.}):

preposition

of space:—

Genesis 11:31 ויבאו עד חרן as far as Haran, Genesis 12:6; Genesis 13:3, Genesis 13:12 + often, Isaiah 8:8 עד צואר יגיע, Isaiah 15:4 עד יהץ נשׁמע קולם, Isaiah 25:12; Isaiah 26:5 Psalms 36:6 אמונתך עד שׁחקים, Psalms 69:2 באו מים עד נפשׁ (compare Jonah 2:6; Micah 1:9; Jeremiah 4:10, Jeremiah 4:18), Psalms 90:3 תָּשֵׁב אֱנוֹשׁ עַד דַּכָּא, Job 11:7, etc.; pregn. Psalms 118:27 אִסְרוּ־חַג עַד וגו׳ bind … (and lead) up to …; Isaiah 57:9 עַד מֵרָחוֹק even to afar (מִן 1 c); with the goal a person, Exodus 22:8 עד האלהים יָבֹא דְבַר שְׁנֵיהֶם, I Samuel 9:9 Psalms 65:3 עָדֶיךָ כָל־בָּשָׂר יָבֹאוּ, Isaiah 45:24; Job 4:5, שׁוּב עַד י׳ Hosea 14:2 al. (see שׁוּב, stronger than שׁוּב אֶל־י׳); poet. Numbers 24:20 וְאַחֲרִיתוֹ עֲדֵי אֹבֵד shall be even unto destruction, shall issue in destruction, v Numbers 24:24; rarely with verbs of attending, הֶאֱזִין עַד †Numbers 23:18, הִתְבּוֹנֵן עַד †Job 32:12; Job 38:18 (usually אֶל). Before another preposition, I Samuel 7:11 עַד מִתַּחַת ל׳, I Kings 4:12 עַד מֵעֵבֶר ל׳, עַד מֵעַל Ezekiel 41:20, עַד לִפְנֵי Esther 4:2, and even (si vera l.) עַד אֲלֵיהֶם II Kings 9:20: compare עַד נֶגֶד Nehemiah 3:16, Nehemiah 3:26, עַד נֹכַח Judges 19:10 +.

In the combin. מִן … (וְ)עַד, as Genesis 10:19 מצידון … עַד עַזָּה from Sidon … as far as Gaza + often (see מן 5 a); and idiomatically, not of actual space, but of classes of objects, to express the idea of both … and, as Genesis 19:4 מִנַּעַר וְעַד זָקִן from young to old (inclusively) = both young and old (see מִן 5 b); without מִן, even to = including, Leviticus 11:42 Numbers 8:4 even to (that is including) its base and its flowers, compare I Samuel 18:4.

Of time:

(a) even to, until Genesis 8:5 even to the 10th month, Exodus 12:6 unto the 14th day, etc., v Exodus 12:15, Exodus 12:18, etc.; עד היום unto this day, Genesis 19:37, Genesis 19:38, עד היום הזה Genesis 26:33; Genesis 32:33, both + often; עד יום followed by inf. Exodus 40:37 Joshua 6:10 Judges 18:30; עד בקר till morning, Exodus 12:10 + (15 times), עד הבקר Exodus 16:23 + (11 times); so עד (ה)ערב Exodus 18:13, Exodus 18:14 +, poet. עֲדֵי ערב Psalms 104:23; עַד עוֹלָם Genesis 13:15 + often; עַד שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים II Kings 4:35; עַד דּוֹר וָדוֹר Isaiah 13:20; see also בְּלִי, and בִּלְתִּי, ad fin. And followed by another preposition, Leviticus 23:16 עַד מִמָּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת, Nehemiah 13:9 עַד אַחַר הַשַּׁבָּת. With the force of against, Judges 6:31 יוּמַת עַד הַבֹּקֶר; compare (b) end. (b) followed by inf., both of past time, as Genesis 8:7; Genesis 32:25 עַד עֲלוֹת הַשַּׁחַר, Genesis 33:3; Genesis 34:5, and especially of future time, as Genesis 3:19 עַד שׁוּבְךָ until thy returning, Genesis 19:22; Genesis 27:45 Deuteronomy 7:20, Deuteronomy 7:23; Deuteronomy 20:20; Deuteronomy 22:2; Deuteronomy 28:20, Deuteronomy 28:22,—both + often; compare עַד בּוֹשׁ Judges 3:25 +; עַד תֹּם … Leviticus 25:29 + 10 times; עַד תֻּמָּם Deuteronomy 2:15 +; עַד כַּלֵּה †II Kings 13:17, II Kings 13:19; Ezra 9:14; עַד כַּלּוֹתָ(ם) I Samuel 15:18 Jeremiah 9:15 +; עַד אוֹר הַבֹּקֶר Judges 16:2 +; also in עַד הִשְׁמִדְךָ אֹתָם Deuteronomy 7:24 (compare Deuteronomy 28:48 Joshua 11:14; I Kings 15:29; II Kings 3:25; II Kings 10:17; II Kings 24:20 [‖ Jeremiah 52:3 הִשְׁלִיכוֹ]; on the anom. הִ׳, see Driver, read probably הַ׳); and most probably (compare Konig^{iii. 583}) in שָׂרִיד (לָהֶם) עַד בִּלְתִּי הִשְׁאִיר לוֹ Deuteronomy 3:3 (see Driver), + 5 times (see above p. 117), read probably הַשְׁאִיר. With the force of towards the end of, against, especially in עַד בֹּאָ(ם), Genesis 43:25 Exodus 22:25 Numbers 10:21 והקימו את המשׁכן עַד בֹּאָם used to set up the tab. against their coming, II Kings 16:11; Ezekiel 33:22; compare II Samuel 17:22. Ellipt. Judges 16:2 עַד אוֹר הַבֹּקֶר וַהֲרַגְנוּהוּ (wait) till the morning dawn, and we slay him! (GFM; Driver^{§ 115}). (c) with various adverbs of time (q.see), as עַד אָנָה, עַד־מָה, עַד מָתַי, עַד הֵנָּה, עַד כֹּה, עַד כֵּן, עַד עַתָּה, compare עַד כַּמֶּה פְעָמִים (see מָה 4 b). (d) to suggest also degree (compare 3), עַד אֵין מָקוֹם until there is no place Isaiah 5:8, עַד אֵין מִסְפָּר †Psalms 40:13 Job 5:9; Job 9:10; compare Leviticus 26:18 וְאִם־עַד־אֵלֶּה and if even up to these things, even the end of all these punishments, you do not hearken to me.

During (rare; proposes as far as the limit indicated, including the time previous, compare ἕως: so often Aramaic עַד, ܥܕ, while), II Kings 9:22 with is peace עַד זְנוּנֵי אִיזֶבֶל during, etc.? Job 20:5 עֲדֵי רָ֑גַע during a moment; followed by inf. Judges 3:26 עַד הִתְמַהְמְהָם during their delaying, Exodus 33:22 Job 7:19 עַד בִּלְעִי רֻקִּי Jonah 4:2.

Of degree, to suggest a higher or the highest; as עַד מְאֹד even to muchness, that is exceedingly (see מְאֹד), עַד מְהֵרָה even to haste †Psalms 147:15; Esther 5:6 וּמַה־בַּקָּשָׁתֵךְ עַד־חֲצִי הַמַּלְכוּת וְחֵעָשׂ, v Exodus 5:3; Esther 7:2. See also עַד לְ, below. With a neg., to express not even as much as, Deuteronomy 2:5 לא אתן לכם מארצם עַד מִדְרַךְ כַּף רָ֑גֶל, and with אֶחָד, †Exodus 9:7 לֹא מֵת … עַד־אֶחָד, simil. Exodus 14:28 Judges 4:16; II Samuel 17:22 (read אֶחָד for אַחַד: see Driver). Sometimes almost = Lat. adeo, I Samuel 2:5 (si vera l.) עַד עֲקָרָה ילדה שׁבעה even to the barren, she hath borne seven, that is even the barren hath, etc., Job 25:5 הן עד־יָרֵחַ ולא יאהיל, Haggai 2:19. In comparisons, to the degree of, even like (rare), Nahum 1:10 עַד סִירִים סְבֻכִים (text doubtful) entangled even like thorns, I Chronicles 4:27 לא הִרְבּוּ עד בני יהודה did not multiply to the degree of (that is like), etc. Cf. II Samuel 23:19 עַד הַשְּׁלשָׁה לֹא בָא did not attain (in prowess) unto the three.

Conj.

until:—

עַד אֲשֶׁר until that: (a) with pf., of past time, Exodus 32:20 ויטחן עד אשׁר דָּק (Deuteronomy 9:21), Deuteronomy 2:14 עד אשׁר עָבַרְנוּ, Joshua 3:17; Joshua 8:26; Judges 4:24; I Kings 10:7 (II Chronicles 9:6), II Kings 17:20, II Kings 17:23; II Kings 21:16; with suggestion of degree, I Samuel 30:4 (followed by אֵין, I Kings 17:17; rarely of future time (the ‘future perfect,’ Driver^§17), II Samuel 17:13 (of degree), Ezekiel 34:21. So עַד שֶׁ- (often in Mishnaic Hebrew; see שֶׁ), †Judges 5:7 Song of Songs 3:4^(×2); עַד כִּי †Genesis 26:13 עַד כִּי־גָדַל מְאֹד, Genesis 41:49 II Samuel 23:10 II Chronicles 26:15; and (of future time) עַד אֲשֶׁר אִם †Genesis 28:15; Numbers 32:17; Isaiah 6:11. (b) with impf., usually of future time, Genesis 27:44 עַד אֲשֶׁר תָּשׁוּב חֲמַת אָחִיךָ, Genesis 29:8; Exodus 23:30; Exodus 24:14 Leviticus 22:4; Numbers 11:20; Numbers 20:17; I Samuel 22:3; Hosea 5:15 +; rarely of past time, Jonah 4:5 עד אשׁר יראה till he should see, Ecclesiastes 2:3. So (of the future) עַד שֶׁ- †Song of Songs 2:7, Song of Songs 2:17; Song of Songs 3:5; Song of Songs 4:6; Song of Songs 8:4 Psalms 123:2; and עַד כִּי †Genesis 49:10 עַד כִּי־יָבֹא שִׁילֹה.

עַד alone, until: (a) with pf., of past time, Joshua 2:22; Joshua 4:23 עַד־עָבַרְנוּ, I Samuel 20:41 עַד דָּוִד הִגְדִּיל, II Samuel 21:10; I Kings 11:16; Ezekiel 28:15; of the future (rare), II Kings 7:3 עַד מָ֑תְנוּ, Ezekiel 39:15; Daniel 11:36 עַד כָּלָה זָ֑עַם. So עַד אִם (of the fut.), †Genesis 24:19, Genesis 24:33; Isaiah 30:17; Ruth 2:21. (b) with impf., of future time, I Samuel 1:22 (ellipt.: compare Judges 16:2, 12 a (b) end), Isaiah 22:14; Isaiah 26:20; Isaiah 32:15; Isaiah 62:1, Isaiah 62:7 Psalms 57:2; Psalms 71:18; Job 27:5 +; of the past (rare), Exodus 15:16 עד יעבור עמך, v Exodus 15:16 Joshua 10:13 (poet.) עַד יִקֹּם גּוֹי אוֹיְבָיו, Psalms 73:17; II Chronicles 29:34. In poetry, עַד is sometimes used to mark not an absolute close, but an epoch, or turning-point, in the fut., as Psalms 110:1 (see De) עַד אָשִׁית אֹיְבֶיךָ הֲדֹם לְרַגְלֶיךָ, Hosea 10:12; Job 14:6 (but see 3); after a neg. cl., Genesis 49:10; Numbers 23:24 Isaiah 42:4 Psalms 71:18; Psalms 112:8; Job 8:21 (but read probably with Ewald Hitzig Dillmann Duhm al. עֹד he will yet, etc., understanding v Job 8:20 as present, not future).

While (rare: compare 12 b):—

with pf., I Samuel 14:19 עד דִּבֶּר שׁאול while Saul spake.

with impf., Psalms 141:10 יַחַד אָנֹכִי עַד אֶעֱבֹר while I at the same time pass by.

with ptcp., Job 1:18 עַד זֶה מְדַבֵּר (but read probably עֹד, as v Job 1:16, Job 1:17), Nehemiah 7:3.

עַד שֶׁ- (without verb) †Song of Songs 1:12. So עַד לֹא while not = ere yet (of past time) †Proverbs 8:26 עד לא עשׂה ארץ (so עַד לָא, ܥܰܕ ܠܴܐ, often, for example Genesis 24:15 Targum, Mt 1:18); and עד אשׁר לא (of the fut.) †Ecclesiastes 12:1, Ecclesiastes 12:2, Ecclesiastes 12:6 (compare Talm. עַד דְּלָא, Mishn. עַד שֶׁלֹּא).

Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare), Isaiah 47:7 Thou saidst, I shall be for ever a lady, עַד לֹא שַׂמְתְּ אֵלֶּה עַל לִבֵּךְ to the point that (going so far in thy pride that) thou didst not, etc. (but Hitzig Cheyne Duhm al. join גְּבֶרֶת עַד I shall be for ever, a lady perpetually; see 1. עַד); Job 14:6 (Dillmann De Budde Duhm) to the point that he may enjoy, etc., Isaiah 22:14 (Duhm). In Joshua 17:14 עַד אֲשֶׂר עַד כֹּה בֵּֽרְכַנִי י׳, read עַל אֲשֶׁר because that (Gesenius Buhl; compare Dillmann).

עַד לְ, a strengthened from for עַד found chiefly in Ch Ezr, and occurring in most of the above senses. Thus

of space: עַר לְבוֹא חֲמָת Joshua 13:5; Judges 3:3; I Chronicles 13:5, עד ל׳ מִדְבָּ֫רָה I Chronicles 5:9, עד ל׳ מצרים II Chronicles 26:8; עַד לְמִזְרַח הַנָּ֑יְא I Chronicles 4:39, עַד לַמְצָד I Chronicles 12:17; עַד לִגְרָר II Chronicles 14:12; עַד לַשָּׁמַיִם II Chronicles 28:9; Ezra 9:6; עַד לְמֵרָחוֹק II Chronicles 26:15; Ezra 3:13.

Of time: עד לעולם I Chronicles 23:25; I Chronicles 28:7; עד למנחת הערבEzra 9:4; עַד לַדָּבָר הַזֶּה Ezra 10:14 probably during (Keil: Gesenius Be with regard to, strengthened for לְּ); followed by inf. עַד לַעֲלוֹת הַמִּנְחָה I Kings 18:29; עַד לִכְלוֹת I Chronicles 28:20; II Chronicles 29:28; עַד לְכַלֵּה II Chronicles 24:10; II Chronicles 31:1; עד להשׁחית II Chronicles 26:16; עַד לָמוּת II Chronicles 32:24 (‖ II Kings 20:1 לָמוּת alone); Ezra 10:14 עד להשׁיב.

Of degree: עַד לְמַחֲנֶה גָדוֹל even unto (till there was) a great camp, I Chronicles 12:23; עַד לְמַ֫עְלָה = exceedingly II Chronicles 16:12; II Chronicles 17:12; II Chronicles 26:8; עַד לִמְאֹד II Chronicles 16:14; עַד לְשִׂמְחָה II Chronicles 29:30; עַד לָרֹב II Chronicles 31:10; עַד לְאֵין מַרְפֵּא II Chronicles 36:16.

עֲדֶ֫נָֿה

Ecclesiastes 4:2 Baer Ginsb (al. עֲדֶ֫נָּה), abbrev. עֲדֶן Ecclesiastes 4:3 (from עַד־הֵנָּה, עַד־הֵן; compare Mishnaic Hebrew עֲדַיִן, for example Ned. Ecclesiastes 9:10), adverb hitherto, still.

עָדָה²

verb ornament, deck oneself (Aramaic in deriv. עִידּוּת, ornament; compare perhaps עֲדִיתָא, scurf, scab; Arabic عَدْوَى mange, scab, etc. [as sheathing, or excrescence?], also عِدَّى, broad stone for covering grave, etc., Lane¹⁹⁷⁹);—

past (עבר) 2nd feminine singular וְעָדִית Ezekiel 23:40; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תַּעְדֶּה Isaiah 61:10, וַתַּ֫עַד Hosea 2:15; 2nd feminine singular תַּעְדִּי Jeremiah 4:30; Jeremiah 31:4, וַתַּעְדִּי Ezekiel 16:13; 1st singular with suffix וָאֶעְדֵּךְ v Ezekiel 16:11; imperative (ציווי) ms. עֲדֵה־נָא Job 40:10;—ornament; usually

reflex., deck oneself with, with a direct object of (woman’s) ornaments, of bride Isaiah 61:10 (sim.; compare הִלְבִּישׁ v a); figuratively of Isr. Hosea 2:15; Jeremiah 31:4; Jerus. Jeremiah 4:30 (with a direct object cogn.; ‖ לָבַשׁ), Ezekiel 16:13 (מַלְבּוּשֵׁךְ in ‖ clause), Ezekiel 23:40 (with a direct object cogn.).

metaphorically, עֲדֵה־נָא גָאוֹן וגו׳ Job 40:10 deck now thyself [Job] with majesty.

c. 2 direct object, וָאֶעְדֵּךְ עֶ֑דִי Ezekiel 16:11 and I decked thee [Jerus.] with finery (? read Hiph. וָאַ׳).

עָדָה³

n.pr.f. (ornament; or (Arabic غُدْوَةٌ, غَدْوَةٌ) morning) Septuagint Αδ(δ)α;—wife,

of Lamech Genesis 4:19, Genesis 4:20, Genesis 4:23.

of Esau Genesis 36:2, Genesis 36:4, Genesis 36:10, Genesis 36:12, Genesis 36:16 (P^R).

עֲדִי

n.[m.] coll. ornaments (with which one is decked);—ע׳ absolute Isaiah 49:18, עֶדִ֑י Ezekiel 16:11; Ezekiel 23:40; construct II Samuel 1:24 +; with suffix עֶדְיוֹ Exodus 33:4 +, עֶדְיְךָ Exodus 33:5, etc.;—ornaments:

of women II Samuel 1:24 (ע׳ זָהָב), Jeremiah 2:32; of Jerus. under figuratively of woman Jeremiah 4:30 (ע׳ זָהָב), Ezekiel 16:11; Ezekiel 23:40 (all direct object cogn. c. עָדָה), Isaiah 49:18 (sim.).—עֲדִי עֲדָיִים Ezekiel 16:7, read probably עַד עִדִּים unto menstruation (maturity), JDMich Co Berthol (reading בְּעֵת עִדּ׳), Toy. עֶדְיֵךְ Psalms 103:5 [with suffix ref. to נַפְשִׁי] is doubtful, Septuagint τ. ἐπιθυμίαν σου (reading אַוָּתֵךְ? this usually c. נֶפֶשׁ]; thine age, prime (compare 1. עַד) JDMich Gesenius' Thesaurus; conject. in Hup-Nowack Cheyne Duhm.

of men Exodus 33:4, Exodus 33:5, Exodus 33:6.

in generally, as feeding pride Ezekiel 7:20 (צְבִי עֶדְיוֹ, with suffix ref. to silver and gold, v Jeremiah 7:19).

trappings of horse Psalms 32:9 (De Hup, compare Duhm), si vera l., but probably corrupt; Cheyne (after see Ortenb.) לִבְלֹ֑ם עַד יוּבַל אֵלֶיךָ must be curbed till he can be brought, etc.

עֲדִיאֵל

n.pr.m. (an ornament is Ēl; compare Sab. n.pr. עדאל Hal ^{51, 2});—

a Simeonite I Chronicles 4:36, SeptuagintA Εδιηλ, SeptuagintL Αδαηλ.

a priest I Chronicles 9:12, Septuagint Αδιηλ.

father of officer, David’s time I Chronicles 27:25, Septuagint Ωδιηλ.—Cf. Gray^{Prop. N. 225, 231}.

עֲדָיָ֫ה(וּ)

n.pr.m. (י׳ has decked himself);—

עֲדָיָ֫הוּ father of a Judaean captain II Chronicles 23:1, Septuagint Αζεια, A Αδαια, SeptuagintL Αδαιου (genit.). Elsewhere עֲדָיָה:

grandfather of Josiah II Kings 22:1, Septuagint Εδεινα, A Ιεδιδα, SeptuagintL Οζιου (genit.).

a Levite I Chronicles 6:26, Septuagint Αζεια, A SeptuagintL Αδ(α)ια.

a Benjamite I Chronicles 8:21, Septuagint Αβια, A Αλαια SeptuagintL Αδαια.

a priest I Chronicles 9:12 Nehemiah 11:12, Septuagint Αδαια(ς).

two with foreign wives:

Ezra 10:29, Septuagint Αδα, SeptuagintL Αδαιας.

v Ezra 10:39, Septuagint Αδαια, SeptuagintL Αδδαιας.

a Judahite Nehemiah 11:5, Septuagint Οζ(ε)ια, SeptuagintL Αδαια.

עֵדָה²

עֵדָה³

see עוד.

עִדָּה²

(א) see עדד.

עֲדִי²

(וּ) see II. עדה.

עֲדֻלָּם

n.pr.location old Canaanite city, Septuagint Οδολλαμ, with king Joshua 12:15, in the שְׁפֵלָה Joshua 15:35 (P; SeptuagintL Αδαλαμ), compare Micah 1:15; Nehemiah 11:30; (re-) built by Rehob. according to II Chronicles 11:7 (Οδολαμ); מְעָדַת ע׳ (read מְצֻדַת, מְצָדַת, see מְצָרָה sub I. ערר) I Samuel 22:1; II Samuel 23:13; I Chronicles 11:15; site probably ʿÎd-el-Mîye, c. I Chronicles 11:13 miles WSW. from Bethlehem, see GASm^{Geogr. 229} Buhl^{Geogr. 193} and reff.

עֲדֻלָּמִי

adjectivegent. Adullamite;—אִישׁ ע׳ Genesis 38:1, הָע׳ as noun v Genesis 38:12, Genesis 38:20.

עֵ֫דֶן

n.[m.] luxury, dainty, delight;—plural absolute עֲדָנִים luxuries II Samuel 1:24 si vera l. (read perhaps סְדִינִים [see סָדִין] Klostermann Gratz HPS); plural with suffix Jeremiah 51:34 he hath filled his belly מֵעֲדָנָ֑י from my dainties (figuratively of Nebuchad.’s plunder; Gie reads מַעֲדַנָּי֑); Targum Gf Rothst join with following: from my dainties hath he thrust me forth; figuratively of delights of worshipping י׳, נַחַל עֲדָנֶיךָ Psalms 36:9 (‖ דֶּשֶׁן בֵּיתֶ֑ךָ).

עֵ֫דֶן²

n.pr.m. Levite name II Chronicles 29:12 (Septuagint Ιω(α)δαν), II Chronicles 31:15 (Septuagint Οδομ, SeptuagintL Ιαδαν).

עַדְנָא

n.pr.m.

man with foreign wife Ezra 10:30 (Ginsb; עַדְנָה van d. H. Baer), Septuagint Αιδαινε, SeptuagintL Εδνα.

Nehemiah 12:5, Septuagintא Αδανας, SeptuagintL Εδνας.

עֶדְנָה

noun (fem.) delight;—Genesis 18:12 (sexual).

עַדְנָה

n.pr.m.

a prince of Judah II Chronicles 17:14, Septuagint Εδνα(α)ς.

a Manassite I Chronicles 12:21, probably (reading ע׳, with Codd., for עַדְנַח; van d. H. עַדְנָח, Septuagint Εδνα).—Vid. also עַדְנָא.

עָדִין

adjective voluptuous;—fs. עֲדִינָה as noun Isaiah 47:8, of Bab. personified, (thou) voluptuous one.—עֲדִינוֹ העצנו II Samuel 23:8, read עוֹרֵר אֶת־ הֲנִיתוֹ, ‖ I Chronicles 11:11 Th Wellhausen Driver, compare Ginsb^note.

עָדִין²

n.pr.m.

in בְּנֵי ע׳, returned exiles Ezra 2:15 = Nehemiah 7:20; Ezra 8:6, Septuagint Αδ(δ)ιν, Ηδ(ε)ιν, etc.

a chief Nehemiah 10:17, Septuagint Ηδ(ε)ιν, Αδειν.

עֲדִינָא

n.pr.m. Reubenite captain, David’s time, according to I Chronicles 11:42, Septuagint Αδ(ε)ινα.

עֵ֫דֶן³

n.pr.terr. (probably associated by Hebrew with i. עֵדֶן);—district in which lay garden of י׳, home of Adam and Eve: וַיִּטַּע גַּן־בְּעֵדֶן Genesis 2:8, river יֹצֵא מֵע׳ v Genesis 2:10, קִדְמַת־ע׳ Genesis 4:16; גַּן־ע׳ Genesis 2:15; Genesis 3:23, Genesis 3:24 (all Septuagint Εδεμ); compare כְּגַן־ע׳ Ezekiel 36:35 Joel 2:3 and כְּע׳ Isaiah 51:3 (‖ גַּן־י׳), all sim. of fertility; ע׳ גַּן־אֱלֹהִים Ezekiel 28:13, עֲצֵי ע׳ אֲשֶׁר בְּגַן הָאֱלֹהִים Ezekiel 31:9, עֲצֵי ע׳ v Ezekiel 31:16, Ezekiel 31:18^(×2) (Septuagint Ez Jo ἡ τρυφή; Is παράδεισος).

עֶ֫דֶן

n.pr. (? urb. et) terr. conquered by Assyria (probably = iv. עֵדֶן; pointed עֶדֶן, to differentiate from iii. ע׳, compare WMM^{As. u. Eur. 291});—בְּנֵי־ע׳ II Kings 19:12 (Septuagint υἱοὺς Ἔδεμ) = Isaiah 37:12 (in Telassar), ע׳ alone Ezekiel 27:23 (+ חָרָן וְכַנֶּה); probably = Adini on Middle Euphrates Schr^COT 2 K^{19, 12} Delitzsch^{Pa 263 f.}.—בֵּית ע׳, see p. 112.

עֲדֶן

see עַד preposition sub I. עדה.

עֵ֫דֶר

noun (masc.) Genesis 29, Genesis 2 flock, herd (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic עַדְרָא on Septuagint Γαδερ Genesis 35:16 (= ℌ v Genesis 35:21) v Lagarde^{BN 76 f.}, who assigns ע׳ therefore, plausibly, to III. עדר (غدر), as lagging, loitering);—ע׳ absolute Genesis 32:17^(×2) +, construct Song of Songs 4:1 +; with suffix עֶדְרוֹ Isaiah 40:11 +; plural עֲדָרִים Genesis 29:2 +, construct עֶדְרֵי Micah 5:7 +, etc.;—

flock:

of sheep, ע׳ צֹאן Genesis 29:2, Micah 5:7, ע׳ הַצּ׳ Joel 1:18; compare Genesis 29:2, Genesis 29:3, Genesis 29:8; Genesis 30:40 (all J), I Samuel 17:34 Jeremiah 51:23 Malachi 1:14; ‖ צֹאן Ezekiel 34:12 (sim.), Proverbs 27:23; + בְּהֵמָה II Chronicles 32:28; ע׳ הָֽרְחֵלִים Song of Songs 6:6 = Song of Songs 4:2 (ins. probably הָֽר׳); sign of desolation Isaiah 17:2; Isaiah 32:14 (מִרְעֵה ע׳), Zephaniah 2:14 Jeremiah 6:3, of peace Jeremiah 31:24; in sim. also Micah 2:12 Jeremiah 31:10 Psalms 78:52; figuratively of Isr. Isaiah 40:11 Jeremiah 13:20 (‖ זֹאן), ע׳ יהוה v Jeremiah 13:17, so עֶדְרוֹ Zechariah 10:3.

of goats, ע׳ הָעִוִּים Song of Songs 4:1; Song of Songs 6:5.

undefined Judges 5:16 Job 24:2 Song of Songs 1:7.

herds, flocks and herds:

incl. sheep, cattle, etc., Genesis 32:17^(×4), Genesis 32:20 (compare v Genesis 32:14; all E)

specif. ע׳ בָקָר Joel 1:18.—מִגְדַּל־עֵדֶר see p. 154 above

עֵ֫דֶר²

n.pr.m. (compare Nab. n.pr. עדרו = Arabic غُدَرُ Lidzbarski ³³⁷);—a Levite I Chronicles 23:23; I Chronicles 24:30, Septuagint Αιδαθ, Ηλα, A SeptuagintL Εδερ.

עֵ֫דֶר³

n.pr.location in extreme S. of Judah Joshua 15:21, site unknown; Septuagint Αρα, A Εδραι, SeptuagintL Εβερ.

עָב³

noun (masc.) Isaiah 19, Isaiah 1 and (I Kings 18:44 Konig^{Synt. 163}) f. dark cloud, cloud-mass, thicket;—ע׳ absolute I Kings 18:44 +, construct Isaiah 18:4; Proverbs 16:15; plural עָבִים Judges 5:4 +, עָבוֹת II Samuel 23:4 Psalms 77:18; construct עָבֵי II Samuel 22:12 Psalms 18:12; with suffix עָבָיו Psalms 18:13 (but probably del., see עבר Qal ad fin.);—

dark cloud:

rain-cloud Judges 5:4; Isaiah 5:6; I Kings 18:44, I Kings 18:45 + 9 times.

as high Isaiah 14:14 Job 20:6, + Ezekiel 19:11; Ezekiel 31:3, Ezekiel 31:10, Ezekiel 31:14 (reading עָבוֹת, see עֲבֹת).

chariot of י׳ Isaiah 19:1 Psalms 104:3; covering his eyes Job 22:14.

casting shadow Isaiah 25:5, compare II Samuel 23:4.

as swift Isaiah 60:8, and transient Isaiah 44:22; Job 30:15 (all sim.). f. disposed by God Job 36:29; Job 37:16. g. ע׳ טַל Isaiah 18:4 cloud of dew, dew-mist (sim.).

(cloud-) mass, ע׳ שְׁחָקִים II Samuel 22:12 masses of clouds (enwrapping י׳) = Psalms 18:12 (v Psalms 18:13 see above).

thicket as refuge Jeremiah 4:29 (perhaps under Aramaic influence).—עַב Exodus 19:9 see עֲבִי sub עבה. 1. עָב see p. 712 above

עֻגָה²

noun (fem.) disc or cake of bread;—absolute ע׳ Hosea 7:8; I Kings 17:13, construct עֻגַת I Kings 19:6; Ezekiel 4:12; plural עֻגוֹת Genesis 18:6; Numbers 11:8; construct עֻגֹת Exodus 12:39;—bread-cake, made of קֶמַח סֹלֶת Genesis 18:6, of קֶמַח I Kings 17:13, of manna Numbers 11:8 (JE; verb בִּשֵּׁל), of barley Ezekiel 4:12 (sim.); unleavened, עֻגֹת מַצּוֹת Exodus 12:39 (E; verb אָפָה); ע׳ רְצָפִים I Kings 19:6 cake of hot-stones, that is baked on them; metaphorically ע׳ בְּלִי הֲפוּכָה Hosea 7:8 Ephr. is a cake not turned (that is burnt, ruined).—On ע׳ see Benz^{Arch. 85 f.} Nowack^{Arch. i. iii} Kennedy^{Ency. Bib.Bread} and synonyms, Ib.^Cake.

עוֹג

and (I Kings 4:19) עֹג n.pr.m. (orig. n.pr. div. according to Robertson Smith^{Sem i.91, 2nd ed. 93});—Og, giant king of Bashan (that is, peculiarly, of a country, see Robertson Smith^l.c.), usually + סִיחוֹן (q.see); Numbers 21:33, Numbers 32:33, Deuteronomy 1:4; Deuteronomy 3:1, Deuteronomy 3:3, Deuteronomy 3:4, Deuteronomy 3:10, Deuteronomy 3:11, Deuteronomy 3:13; Deuteronomy 4:47; Deuteronomy 29:6; Deuteronomy 31:4; Joshua 2:10; Joshua 9:10; Joshua 12:4; Joshua 13:12, Joshua 13:30, Joshua 13:31 (probably all D), I Kings 4:19; Nehemiah 9:22 Psalms 135:11; Psalms 136:20; Septuagint Ωγ (Γωγ B Deuteronomy 3:1; Deuteronomy 4:47).

עוּגָב²

עוֹד

and (14 times: Fr^{MM 256}) עֹד, noun a going round, continuance, but used mostly as adverb direct object still, yet, again, besides: with with suffix עוֹדֶנִּי (with appar. verbal form, like אֵינֶנִּי: Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 222 g Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 352 b Konig^{ii. 444, iii. 360} Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 100. 5), †Deuteronomy 31:27; Joshua 14:11; I Samuel 20:14, עוֹדִי †Genesis 48:15 Psalms 104:33; Psalms 139:18; Psalms 146:2; עוֹדְךָ Genesis 46:30 + 4 times, f. עוֹדָךְ †I Kings 1:14; עוֹדֶנּוּ Genesis 18:22 + 20 times (never עוֹדוֹ), עוֹדֶנָּה †I Kings 1:22, עוֹדָהּ †Isaiah 28:4; עוֹדָם †Exodus 4:18 Esther 6:14, Esther 6:3 fpl. עוֹדֶינָה †Lamentations 4:17 Kt (Qr 1st plural עוֹדֵינוּ); there occur also עוֹר אֲנִי †II Samuel 14:32; Daniel 9:20, Daniel 9:21, and עוֹד הֵם †Isaiah 65:24:—

as adverb:

(a) expressing continuance, persistence, usually of the past or present, still, yet, Genesis 18:22 ואברהם עודנו עֹמֵד and A., he was still standing before י׳ (note often so עוֹדֶנּוּ after cas. pend., Genesis 44:14 I Samuel 13:7; I Kings 12:2; Jeremiah 33:1; II Chronicles 34:3), Genesis 29:7 הן עוד היום גדול the day is still high, Genesis 31:14; Genesis 43:7 הַעוֹד אֲבִיכֶם חַי, v Genesis 43:27; Genesis 45:3; Exodus 4:18; Exodus 9:2; Numbers 19:13; Judges 6:24; Judges 8:20; I Kings 20:32 הַעוֹדֶנּוּ חַי; II Samuel 14:32 (but Konig^{iii. 558} עַד), II Samuel 18:14; Isaiah 5:25 ועוד יָדוֹ נְטוּיָה; Isaiah 10:32 עוֹד הַיּוֹם בְּנֹב לַעֲמֹד still to-day (such is his haste) will he tarry in Nob; I Kings 22:44 עוד העם מְזַבְּחִים the people were still sacrificing, etc. (so II Kings 12:4 +); II Samuel 1:9 כי־כל־עוד נפשׁי בי, Job 27:3 (see כֹּל 1st feminine); Micah 6:10 (see הֲ 1 b end, and Ke; but also Wellhausen Nowack); Lamentations 4:17 the with suffix is anticipatory, either of eyes (Kt) or our (Qr Septuagint), poet. for עוֹד עֵינֵינוּ בָּלוֹת; but Dys Löhr al. read עַד מָה for ע׳, Bi ¹ Wild simply עוֹד. II Chronicles 14:6 read either עוֹדֵנוּ (with suffix 1st plural antic. of לפנינו), or עוֹד. Twice, peculiarly, עוֹד לֹא still not (Germ. noch nicht) that is not yet (in class. Hebrew טֶרֶם), Jeremiah 40:5 עוֹדֶנּוּ לא ישׁוב, II Chronicles 20:33 ועוד העם לא הֵכִינוּ לבבם (the verb fin. on direct object of לֹא). Sq. וְ, Numbers 11:33 הבשׂר עודנו בין שׁנּיהם … ואף י׳ חרה בעם the flesh was still between their teeth …, and (= when) etc., (compare Psalms 78:30 Job 8:12); and often in the phr. (מְדַבְּרִים) מְדַבֵּר (עוֹדָם וגו׳) עוֹדֶנּוּ he (they, etc.) was (were) still speaking, and (= when) etc., Genesis 29:9 עודנו מְדַבֵּר עמם ורחל באה, I Kings 1:22, I Kings 1:42; II Kings 6:33; Esther 6:14; Daniel 9:20, Daniel 9:21, so עוֹד זֶה … Job 1:16, Job 1:17 (+ v Job 1:18 for עַד): and of the future, I Kings 1:14; Isaiah 65:24 (עוֹד הֵם מְדַבְּרִים ואני אשׁמע); compare Exodus 9:17. (b) Expressing addition or repetition, still, yet, more, Genesis 7:4 כי לימים עוד שׁבעה after yet seven days, Genesis 8:10, Genesis 8:12; Genesis 29:27, Genesis 29:30 עוד שׁבע שׁנים אחרות, Genesis 45:6; II Kings 6:33; Isaiah 1:5; Habakkuk 2:3 כִּי עוֹד חָזוֹן לַמּוֹעֵד (compare Daniel 10:14; Daniel 11:2, Daniel 11:27, Daniel 11:35), Jeremiah 13:27 אַחֲרֵי מָתַי עוֹד after how long still? with stress on the idea of continuance, Genesis 46:29 וַיֵּבְךְ עַל צַוָּארָיו עוֹד still going on (AV. a good while), Ruth 1:14, Psalms 84:5 עוד יהללוך they will be still praising thee, Job 34:23; with עוֹד prefixed for emph., Exodus 11:1 עוד נגע אחד אביא על פ׳, Isaiah 49:20; Isaiah 56:8 עוֹד אֲקַבֵּץ וגו׳, Ezekiel 8:13, Ezekiel 8:15 Psalms 42:6; Psalms 92:15 +; in the phr. עוֹד מְעַט וְ followed by pf. consec., †Exodus 17:4 עוד מעט וּסְקָלֻנִי yet a little, and they will stone me, Hosea 1:4; Jeremiah 51:33, compare Psalms 37:10, Isaiah 10:25; Isaiah 29:17; simil. Jonah 3:4 (compare בְּעוֹד Isaiah 21:16), II Chronicles 10:5 (but see Septuagint and ‖ I Kings 12:5); עוד … לא no more, both of the past, as Exodus 2:3; Joshua 5:1, Joshua 5:12; I Kings 10:5, and of the fut., as Genesis 17:5 לא יִקָּרֵא עוד שׁמך א׳, Genesis 32:29; Deuteronomy 31:2; Isaiah 2:4; Isaiah 30:20; Isaiah 62:4; Jeremiah 3:16 + often, לא … עוד Genesis 8:22; so with אֵין Isaiah 23:10; Jeremiah 10:20; Jeremiah 48:2 Psalms 74:9 al.

When the continuance is limited by its nature to a single occurrence, עוֹד becomes = again, Genesis 4:25; Genesis 9:11 לא יִכָּרֵת כל בשׂר עוד, Genesis 18:29 וַיֹּסֶף עוֹד לְדַבֵּר and he added still to speak, that is he spake yet again (so often with יָסַף; see √), Genesis 24:20 וַתָּ֫רָץ עוֹד and she ran again, Genesis 29:33 וַתַּ֫הַר עוֹד, Genesis 35:9; Genesis 37:9; Exodus 3:15; Exodus 4:6; Deuteronomy 3:26; I Samuel 10:22 + often; with עוֹד prefixed, Hosea 12:10; Jeremiah 31:4, Jeremiah 31:5, Jeremiah 31:23; Jeremiah 32:15; Jeremiah 33:12, Jeremiah 33:13; לא … עוֹד not again, no more, Deuteronomy 13:17; Deuteronomy 34:10.

Still, moreover, besides (not in temporal sense); Genesis 19:12 עֹד מי לך פה whom hast thou here besides? Genesis 43:6 הַעוֹד לָכֶם אָח Amos 6:10; I Samuel 10:22 הֲבָא עוֹד הֲלֹם אִישׁ is there still a man come hither? (sc. besides ourselves: but Septuagint Wellhausen al. הֲבָא הֲלֹם הָאִישׁ), Genesis 16:11 עוֹד שָׁאַר הַקָּטָן, Genesis 18:8 ועוד לו אך המלוכה, I Kings 22:7, I Kings 22:8; II Kings 4:6 אֵין עוֹד כֶּ֑לִי, Isaiah 5:4; Jeremiah 36:32; Ezekiel 20:27; Ezekiel 23:38; Ezekiel 36:37; Proverbs 9:9; Ecclesiastes 12:9; I Chronicles 29:3; II Chronicles 17:6 +; וְאֵין עוֹד and there is none besides, †Deuteronomy 4:39 (compare v Deuteronomy 4:35), I Kings 8:60; Isaiah 45:5, Isaiah 45:6, Isaiah 45:14, Isaiah 45:18, Isaiah 45:22 (compare v Isaiah 45:21), Isaiah 46:9; Joel 2:27; אֲנִי וְאַפְסִי עוֹד †Isaiah 47:8, Isaiah 47:10; Zephaniah 2:15.

With prefixes:—

בְּעוֹד, literally in the continuance of …, that is (a) while yet: Genesis 25:6 בְּעוֹדֶנּוּ חַי while he was yet alive, Deuteronomy 31:27; II Samuel 12:22 בְּעוֹד הַיֶּלֶד חַי, Isaiah 28:4 Psalms 39:2; Job 29:5; בְּעוֹדִי alone, = so long as I live, Psalms 104:33; Psalms 146:2 (‖ בְּחַיַּי); II Samuel 3:35 בעוד היום, Jeremiah 15:9 בעוד יומם, Proverbs 31:15. (b) within yet, usually of time, Genesis 40:13 בְּעוֹד שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים יִשָּׂא ונו׳ within yet three days, etc., v Genesis 40:19; Joshua 1:11; Isaiah 7:8; Isaiah 21:16 בְּעוֹד שָׁנָה (followed by pf. cons.), Jeremiah 28:3, Jeremiah 28:11; Amos 4:7; but also of distance, Genesis 48:7 בְּעוֹד כִּבְרַת ארץ לבוא אפרתה (compare Genesis 35:16 ויהי עוד וגו׳); compare SI ² ובעוד שׁלשׁ אמה לה[נָּקֵב].

†מֵעוֹד, literally from the continuance of …, only in the phr. (מֵעוֹדְךָ) מֵעוֹדִי עד היום הזה ever since I was (thou wast) unto this day, Genesis 48:15; Numbers 22:30.

עֹדֵד²

n.pr.m. (restorer);—Septuagint Ωδηδ, Αδαδ:

עֲזַרְיָהוּ בֶן־עו׳ II Chronicles 15:1, so read also v II Chronicles 15:8 (Masoretic Text עֹדֵד alone).

עֹדֵד a prophet II Chronicles 28:9.

עֵד²

noun (masc.) Deuteronomy 17:6 witness (probably from reiterating, hence emphatically affirming);—ע׳ absolute Genesis 31:48 +, construct Exodus 20:13 +; with suffix עֵדִי Job 16:19; plural עֵדִים Numbers 35:30 +, construct עֵדֵי Psalms 27:12; Psalms 35:11; with suffix עֵדַי Isaiah 43:10, Isaiah 43:12, etc.;—

witness, testimony, evidence, of things: heap of stones Genesis 31:44, Genesis 31:48, Genesis 31:52, torn animal Exodus 22:12, song of Moses Deuteronomy 31:19, Deuteronomy 31:21, law-book v Deuteronomy 31:26, witness of י׳ against Israel; altar E. of Jordan, c. בֵּין, Joshua 22:27, Joshua 22:28, Joshua 22:34, compare Isaiah 19:20; Job’s evil condition Job 16:8; the moon Psalms 89:38.

witness, a person:

God, in heaven for Job Job 16:19; on earth, for Samuel I Samuel 12:5^(×2) + v I Samuel 12:6 Septuagint Th and most, Jeremiah Jeremiah 42:5; see also I Samuel 20:12 (ins. עֵד bef. י׳ Peshitta Driver Budde Kittel Löhr HPS); against persons Jeremiah 29:23; Malachi 3:5, nations Micah 1:2; between (בֵּין) persons Genesis 31:50.

Davidic dyn., to nations Isaiah 55:4.

witnesses, of transfer of property Jeremiah 32:10, Jeremiah 32:12, Jeremiah 32:25, Jeremiah 32:44, betrothal Ruth 4:9, Ruth 4:10, Ruth 4:11; usually of testimony in court, and in civil and social relations, c. בְּ against, Numbers 5:13 Joshua 24:22 I Samuel 12:5 +, c. קום rise up against Psalms 27:12; Psalms 35:11; †עָנָה עֵד שֶׁקֶר בְּ answer (in court) as a false witness against Exodus 20:13 = עֵד שָׁוְא Deuteronomy 5:17, Proverbs 25:18; †לְפִי עֵדִים Numbers 35:30; †עַל־פִּי עֵדִ(ים) Deuteronomy 17:6^(×2) at the mouth of witnesses, so Deuteronomy 19:15^(×2).—False witness is ע׳ שֶׁקֶר Exodus 20:13 Deuteronomy 19:18^(×2) Psalms 27:12 Proverbs 6:19; Proverbs 14:5; ע׳ שְׁקָרִים Proverbs 12:17; Proverbs 19:5, Proverbs 19:9; ע׳ כְּזָבִים Proverbs 21:28; ע׳ חִנָּם Proverbs 24:28; ע׳ בְּלִיַּעַל Proverbs 19:28; ע׳ חָמָס witness of (that is supporting) violence Exodus 23:1 Deuteronomy 19:16 Psalms 35:11. Faithful witness is ע׳ אֱמוּנִים Proverbs 14:5; ע׳ אֱמֶת Jeremiah 42:5; Proverbs 14:25.

עֵדָה⁴

noun (fem.) testimony, witness, of things (only E);—Genesis 21:30; Genesis 31:52; Joshua 24:27^(×2) (J uses עֵד for feminine things).—i. עֵדָה see יעד.

עֵדָה⁵

noun (fem.) only plural Masoretic Text testimonies (always of laws as divine testimonies or solemn charges);—plural absolute עֵדֹת Deuteronomy 4:45; Deuteronomy 6:20; with suffix (of י׳), עֵדֹתִי Psalms 132:12 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 91 n.), עֵדֹתָיו Deuteronomy 6:17 Psalms 25:10; Psalms 99:7; Psalms 119:2, עֵדוֹתָיו Psalms 78:56; עֵדֹתֶיךָ Psalms 93:5; Psalms 119:22, Psalms 119:24, Psalms 119:46, Psalms 119:59, Psalms 119:79, Psalms 119:95, Psalms 119:119, Psalms 119:125, Psalms 119:138, Psalms 119:146, Psalms 119:152, Psalms 119:167, Psalms 119:168 (Masoretic Text pointing artificial, der. probably from עֵדוּת, reading עֵדֻת for עֵדֹת, or regarding עֵדֹת as contr. from עֵדְוֹת, plural of עֵדוּת [Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 320 b Siegfried-Stade Buhl]; see also Driver Deuteronomy 4:45; Deuteronomy 4:45; Deuteronomy 6:17, Deuteronomy 6:20 are redactional).

עֵדוּת

and עֵדֻת₂₇ noun (fem.) testimony;—ע׳ absolute Exodus 16:34 +, construct Psalms 19:8 +; plural with suffix עֵדְוֹתֶיךָ Psalms 119:14 +, עֵדְוֹתָיו Jeremiah 44:23 + 4 times;—

testimony of the Ten Words on the tablets as a solemn divine charge, לֻחֹת הע׳ Exodus 31:18; Exodus 32:15; Exodus 34:29, הע׳ Exodus 25:16, Exodus 25:21; Exodus 40:20; ark as containing tables, אֲרוֹן הע׳ Exodus 25:22; Exodus 26:33, Exodus 26:34; Exodus 30:6, Exodus 30:26; Exodus 39:35; Exodus 40:3, Exodus 40:5, Exodus 40:21 Numbers 4:5; Numbers 7:89 (all P), Joshua 4:16 (JE; Kue הברית [ag. him Dillmann], so Benn Steuernag), הארן לע׳ Exodus 31:7; abbrev. לִפְנֵי הע׳ Exodus 16:34; Exodus 30:36 Numbers 17:19, Numbers 17:25; עַל הע׳ Exodus 27:21 (= הע׳ Leviticus 24:3), Exodus 30:6 Leviticus 16:13; tabernacle as containing ark of testimony, משׁכן הע׳ tabernacle of the testimony Exodus 38:21 Numbers 1:50, Numbers 1:53^(×2); Numbers 10:11; so אֹהֶל הע׳ Numbers 9:15; Numbers 17:22, Numbers 17:23; Numbers 18:2 II Chronicles 24:6.

the code of law in generally (late), as a testimony of God: Psalms 19:8 Psalms 119:88; Psalms 122:4; ‖ תּוֹרָה Psalms 78:5; ‖ חֹק Psalms 81:6. In titles, עַל־ שׁוּשַׁן ע׳ Psalms 60:1, אֶל־שֹׁשַׁנּ֑ים ע׳ Psalms 80:1 = melody whose first line cp. law as testimony to a choice flower. Special laws of the code are denoted by plural; + חֻקּוֹת etc. I Kings 2:3 II Kings 23:3 = II Chronicles 34:31 (+ חקים etc.), Jeremiah 44:23; חֻקִּים etc. I Chronicles 29:19; מִצְוֹת Nehemiah 9:34; plural of contents of covenant II Kings 17:15; plural elsewhere Psalms 119:14, Psalms 119:31, Psalms 119:36, Psalms 119:99, Psalms 119:111, Psalms 119:129, Psalms 119:144, Psalms 119:157. Vid. also iii. [עֵדָה].—For הָעֵדוּת II Kings 11:12 = II Chronicles 23:11 read probably הַצְּעָדוֹת (compare II Samuel 1:10 Wellhausen al.).

עָוָה

verb bend, twist (so Arabic عَوَى );—

past (עבר) 1st singular נַעֲוֵיתִי Isaiah 21:3 Psalms 38:7; participle (בינוני) construct נַעֲוֵה Proverbs 12:8; f. construct נַעֲוַת I Samuel 20:30 (but read נַעֲרַת Septuagint Wellhausen Driver Siegfried-Stade Budde HPS);—be bent, bowed down, twisted, ‖ שׁחה Psalms 38:7; ‖ נבהל Isaiah 21:3; נַעֲוִה לֵב Proverbs 12:8 one perverted of mind.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular עִוָּה, subj. י׳:—Lamentations 3:9 my paths hath he twisted; וְע׳ Isaiah 24:1 its surface will be distort (‖ בּוֹקֵק הָאָרֶץ).

past (עבר) 1st singular יָשָׁר הֶעֱוֵיתִי Job 33:27 the right have I perverted (‖ חָטָא); so 3rd plural הֶעֱזוּ אֶת־דַּרְכָּם Jeremiah 3:21.

עַוָּה

noun (fem.) distortion, ruin;—עַוָּה עַוָּה עַוָּה אֲשִׂימֶנָּה Ezekiel 21:32 (compare √ Pi. Isaiah 24:1).

עִוְעִים

n.pluralabstr. distorting, warping (for *עַוְעֲוִים);—רוּחַ עִוְעִים Isaiah 19:14 temper of distorting, that is warped judgment.

עִי

n.[m.] ruin, heap of ruins;—ע׳ absolute Job 30:24, construct Micah 1:6; plural עִיִּין (Aramaic form) Micah 3:12, but עִיִּים in the quotation Jeremiah 26:18, and Psalms 79:1.

עָוֹן

noun (masc.) ^{Isaiah 22:14} iniquity, guilt or punishment of iniquity;—ע׳ absolute Exodus 28:43 +; עָווֹן II Kings 7:9 Psalms 51:7; construct עֲוֹן Genesis 15:16 +; עֲווֹן I Chronicles 21:8; with suffix עֲוֹנִי Genesis 4:13 + (II Samuel 16:12 read בְּעָנְיִי), עֲוֹנְךָ Hosea 9:7 +; עֲוֹנֵ֑כִי Psalms 103:3; עֲוֹ֔נָהֿ Numbers 15:31 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 91 e), etc.; plural עֲוֹנוֹת absolute Psalms 130:3 +, construct Job 13:26 +; עְוֹנֹת absolute Psalms 65:4, construct Leviticus 16:21 +; with suffix עֲוֹנֹתֶיךָ Isaiah 43:24, עֲוֹנֹתֵיכֶם Numbers 14:34 +, etc.; also עֲוֹנֶיךָ Ezekiel 28:18; עֲוֹנֵינוּ Isaiah 64:6 +, etc. (Siegfried-Stade doubt all these);—

iniquity, Job 15:5; Job 20:27 Jeremiah 11:10; Jeremiah 14:7; Jeremiah 16:17 Lamentations 2:14 Ezekiel 4:5; Ezekiel 7:13; ‖ חטאת I Samuel 20:1 Job 13:23 Isaiah 5:18; Isaiah 43:24; Isaiah 59:2 Jeremiah 5:25; Jeremiah 16:10 Lamentations 4:6, Lamentations 4:13 Daniel 9:16 Hosea 4:8; Hosea 13:12; ‖ פשׁע Job 14:17; Job 31:33 Psalms 107:17 Isaiah 50:1; Isaiah 53:5; ‖ אשׁמה Ezra 9:6, Ezra 9:7, Ezra 9:13; רעה Job 22:5 Hosea 7:1.

ע׳ נְעוּרַי Job 13:26 iniquities of my youth; ע׳ חֶרֶב Job 19:29 iniquities calling for the sword; ע׳ פְּלִילִי(ם) Job 31:11, Job 31:28 iniquity for (to be punished by) judges; שְׁתֵּי עֲוֹנֹתָם Hosea 10:10 (so read Vrss Hitzig al.); כשׁל בע׳ stumble by iniquity Hosea 5:5; Hosea 14:2; compare מִבְשׁוֹל ע׳ Ezekiel 7:19; Ezekiel 14:3, Ezekiel 14:4, Ezekiel 14:7; Ezekiel 18:30; Ezekiel 44:12; לכל־עון Deuteronomy 19:15; אשׁתמרה מע׳ II Samuel 22:24 = Psalms 18:24; עָוֹן אֲשֶׁר־חֵטְא Hosea 12:9.

iniquity as recognized, ידע ע׳ I Samuel 3:13; Isaiah 59:12; Jeremiah 3:13; Jeremiah 14:20; confessed, התודה ע׳ Leviticus 16:21; Leviticus 26:40^(×2), Nehemiah 9:2; הגיד ע׳ Psalms 38:19; לא כסה ע׳ Psalms 32:5; brought to remembrance, הזכיר ע׳ Numbers 5:15 I Kings 17:18; Ezekiel 21:28, Ezekiel 21:29; Ezekiel 29:16; causing shame, יִכָּֽלְמוּ מע׳ Ezekiel 43:10; turned from, שׁוּב מע׳ Daniel 9:13, compare השׁיב מע׳ Malachi 2:6.

(i) phrases of punishment: פקד ע׳ על Exodus 20:5 = Deuteronomy 5:9; Exodus 34:7; Numbers 14:18;, Leviticus 18:25 II Samuel 3:8; Isaiah 13:11; Isaiah 26:21; Jeremiah 25:12; Jeremiah 36:31; Amos 3:2; without על, Lamentations 4:22, פקד ע׳ ב Psalms 89:33; Job 11:6 see II. [נשׁא]; יסּר על ע׳ Psalms 39:12 chastise for iniquity; שַׁתָּ֯ ע׳לנגדךָ Psalms 90:8 set our iniquities before thee; גמל כע׳ Psalms 103:10; שׁמר ע׳ Psalms 130:3; שׁלּם ע׳ Isaiah 65:7^(×2); Jeremiah 16:18; Jeremiah 32:18; מַטְבֵּחַ בע׳ Isaiah 14:21; (2) of forgiveness or removal: העביר ע׳ II Samuel 24:10 = I Chronicles 21:8; Job 7:21 Zechariah 3:4; משׁתי ע׳ Zechariah 3:9; סלח לע׳ Exodus 34:9 Numbers 14:19, Psalms 25:11; Psalms 103:3; Jeremiah 31:34; Jeremiah 33:8; Jeremiah 36:3; נשׂא ע׳ Exodus 34:7; Numbers 14:18, Psalms 32:5; Psalms 85:3; Isaiah 33:24; Hosea 14:3; Micah 7:18; סר ע׳ Isaiah 6:7; יכבושׁ ע׳ Micah 7:19; (3) of covering over, כסה על ע׳ Nehemiah 3:37; כפּר ע׳ Psalms 78:38; Proverbs 16:6; Isaiah 22:14; Isaiah 27:9; Daniel 9:24; כפּר על ע׳ Jeremiah 18:23; יתכפּר ע׳ I Samuel 3:14; (4) of cleansing from: כבּס מע׳ Psalms 51:4; מחה ע׳ v Psalms 51:11; טהר מע׳ Jeremiah 33:8; Ezekiel 36:33; (5) of imputing, reckoning to one: חשׁב ע׳ ל II Samuel 19:20 Psalms 32:2; (ל) זכר ע׳ Psalms 79:8; Isaiah 64:8; Jeremiah 14:10; Hosea 8:13; Hosea 9:9; יִזָּכֵר ע׳ Psalms 109:14; בקשׁ (ל)ע׳ Job 10:6; Jeremiah 50:20; (6) פדה מע׳ Psalms 130:8 ransom from iniquity.

Guilt of iniquity (not always easy to disting. from 1; Siegfried-Stade give more, Buhl fewer, sub 2);—‖ תועבות Ezekiel 36:31; ‖ דם Isaiah 59:3; ‖ חמם Ezekiel 9:9; ע׳ פעור Joshua 22:17; ע׳ סדם Ezekiel 16:49; ע׳ בצעוֹ Isaiah 57:17; שְׁנֵי עונם Ezekiel 4:4; נִכְתָּם עֲוֹנֵךְ לְפָנַי Jeremiah 2:22 the guilt of thine iniquity is marked before me; מצא ע׳ Genesis 44:16 Psalms 36:3.

ע׳ בְ: guilt of iniquity upon one Numbers 15:31 I Samuel 20:8; II Samuel 14:32; לא ע׳ לִי Job 33:9 (‖ זַךְ); בלי־עון Psalms 59:5 without my guilt.

guilt, as great, increased: רֹב עָוֹן Jeremiah 13:22; Jeremiah 30:14, Jeremiah 30:15; Ezekiel 28:18; Hosea 9:7; לֹא־שָׁלֵם ע׳ Genesis 15:16; ע׳ עָֽבְרוּ רֹאשִׁי Psalms 38:5; ע׳ עֲקֵבַי יְסוּבֵּנִי Psalms 49:6; ע׳ הִשִּׂיגוּנִי Psalms 40:13; ע׳ גברו מני Psalms 65:4; עַם כֶּבֶד ע׳ Isaiah 1:4; בע׳ נלקח Ezekiel 33:6.

as a condition, בע׳:

חוללתי was I brought forth Psalms 51:7;

גָּוַע expire Joshua 22:20; c. מות die Jeremiah 31:30; Ezekiel 3:18, Ezekiel 3:19; Ezekiel 18:17, Ezekiel 18:18; Ezekiel 33:8, Ezekiel 33:9.

Consequence of, or punishment for, iniquity (Siegfried-Stade include most of these under 2, and do not recognize 3; Buhl thinks this meaning rare, giving only Genesis 4:13; Isaiah 5:18);—אִם יִקְּ֯רֵךְ ע׳ בדבר הזה I Samuel 28:10 no punishment shall happen unto thee for, etc.; נשׂא ע׳ bear the punishment for iniquity of others Exodus 28:38; Leviticus 10:17 (take away ע׳ Dillmann Nowack^{ii. 233 n.}) Leviticus 16:22; Numbers 30:16, Ezekiel 4:4, Ezekiel 4:5, Ezekiel 4:6; בע׳ Ezekiel 18:19, Ezekiel 18:20^(×2); one’s own, Exodus 28:43 Leviticus 5:1, Leviticus 5:17; Leviticus 7:18; Leviticus 17:16; Leviticus 19:8; Leviticus 20:17, Leviticus 20:19; Leviticus 22:16; Numbers 5:31; Numbers 14:34; Numbers 18:1^(×2), Numbers 18:23, Ezekiel 14:10; Ezekiel 44:10, Ezekiel 44:12; גדול ע׳מנשׂוא Genesis 4:13 my punishment is greater than I can bear; נִרְצָה עֲוֹנָהּ Isaiah 40:2 her punishment is accepted, compare רצה ע׳ Leviticus 26:41, Leviticus 26:43; ומצאנוּ ע׳ II Kings 7:9 punishment will overtake us; תנה ע׳ על ע׳ Psalms 69:28 add punishment to their punishment; ע׳ הוא יסבל Isaiah 53:11 the consequences of their iniquities he shall bear, compare ע׳ סָבָ֑לְנוּ Lamentations 5:7; הפגיע בו ע׳ Isaiah 53:6; נִקָּה מע׳ freed from punishment Numbers 5:31 Job 10:14; בי אני העון I Samuel 25:24 on me the punishment; עלי הע׳ II Samuel 14:9; בע׳ c. various vbs.: Genesis 19:15 Leviticus 26:39^(×2) Psalms 31:11; Psalms 106:43; Jeremiah 51:6; Ezekiel 4:17; Ezekiel 7:16; Ezekiel 24:23; Ezekiel 39:23; עת ע׳ קץ Ezekiel 21:30, Ezekiel 21:34; Ezekiel 35:5; see also: Proverbs 5:22 (‖ חַבְלֵי חטאת), Isaiah 30:13; Isaiah 64:5, Isaiah 64:6; Lamentations 4:22; Ezekiel 4:4; Ezekiel 14:10^(×2); Ezekiel 32:27.

עָוָה²

verb denom. (Gerber⁹⁰) commit iniquity, do wrong (Aramaic עוי commit sin, עֲוָיָא sin, compare Levy^{NHWB iii. 626});—

(late) past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular עָֽוְתָה Esther 1:16 she hath done wrong (c. עַל); 1st plural עָוִינוּ Daniel 9:5 we have committed iniquity (‖ חָטָא).

commit iniquity;—past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הֶעֱוָה II Samuel 19:20; 1st singular הֶעֱוֵיתִי II Samuel 24:17 (‖ חָטָא); 1st plural הֶעֱוִינוּ I Kings 8:47 = II Chronicles 6:37, Psalms 106:6 (all ‖ חָטָא); infinitive (מקור) absolute הַעֲוֵה Jeremiah 9:4, construct with suffix הַעֲוֹתוֹ II Samuel 7:14.—Job 33:27 see I. עָוָה.

עַוָּה²

n.pr.location city conquered by Assyrians;—עַוָּה II Kings 17:24 (van d. H. עַוָּא) = עִוָּה II Kings 18:34; II Kings 19:13 = Isaiah 37:13; Septuagint Αια(ν), Ανα, and (II Kings 19:13) Ουδου, A Αυτα, SeptuagintL Αιναγ, etc.; site in N. Syria Winckler^{Alttest. Unters. 102 f.} Benz; Sachau^{ZA xii (1897), 48} proposes Emma (Tab. Pent.) = Ἴμμα Ptol see II Kings 19:15^(×2), mod. ʿImm betw. Antioch and Aleppo.—i. עַוָּה see sub I. עוה.

עֲוִיל

see II. עול.

עֲוִית

n.pr.location in Edom Genesis 36:35 = Qr I Chronicles 1:46 (Kt עיות); Septuagint Γεθθαιμ, but SeptuagintL I Chronicles 1:46 Ευιθ.

עוּל

verb give suck (Arabic غيل, غَالَ give suck (while pregnant); compare Aramaic ܥܽܘܠܴܐ foetus, sucking child; ܥܺܝܠܴܐ foal, so Ethiopic ዕዋል Talm עִילָה);—

participle (בינוני) fpl. עָלוֹת giving suck, of cows I Samuel 6:7, I Samuel 6:10, ewes Psalms 78:71 and (figuratively of returning exiles) Isaiah 40:11; of both Genesis 33:13.

עוּל²

noun (masc.) sucking child, suckling;—construct ע׳ יָמִים Isaiah 65:20 a suckling of days, that is a few days old; with suffix עוּלָהּ Isaiah 49:15 (‖ בֶּז־בִּטְנָהּ).

עֲוִיל²

noun (masc.) young boy;—plural עֲוִילִים Job 19:18; with suffix עֲוִילֵיהֶם Job 21:11.—ii. עֲוִיל sub III. עול.

עָ֫וֶל

noun (masc.) injustice, unrighteousness (opposite צְדָקָה);—ע׳ Leviticus 19:15 +; construct עֶ֫וֶל Ezekiel 28:18 (van d. H. עָוֶל, but see Baer Ginsb); with suffix עַוְלוֹ Ezekiel 18:26; Ezekiel 33:13;—עשׂה עול Leviticus 19:15, Leviticus 19:35 Deuteronomy 25:16; Ezekiel 3:20; Ezekiel 18:24, Ezekiel 18:26^(×2); Ezekiel 33:13^(×2), Ezekiel 33:15, Ezekiel 33:18; פעל ע׳ Job 34:32; הִתְעִיבוּ ע׳ Psalms 53:2 (‖ עֲלִילָה Psalms 14:2); שׁפט ע׳ Psalms 82:2; אישׁ ע׳ Proverbs 29:27; ע׳ בְּכַפַּי Psalms 7:4; מצא ע׳ בְּ Jeremiah 2:5, read probably also Ezekiel 28:15 (for Masoretic Text עולתה); מע׳ ישׁיב ידוֹ Ezekiel 18:8; בְּעֶוֶל רְכֻלָּֽתְךָ Ezekiel 28:18; of God, אין עול (‖ אֱמוּנָה) Deuteronomy 32:4; חָלִלָה מע׳ Job 34:10.

עַוְלָה

noun (fem.) ^{Job 11:14} (? m. Malachi 2:6 Konig^{ii. 2, 453, § 345 d} Ezekiel 28:15 [עולתה; but ע׳ only here Ez, error for עול] questioned by Siegfried-Stade, see Albrecht^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 117}) injustice, unrighteousness, wrong;—ע׳ Psalms 37:1 + 24 times, + i. עוֹלָה Isaiah 61:8 (read probably עַוְלָה); עַוְלָ֫תָה Psalms 125:3; Psalms 92:16 (Qr) + 2 times; עֹלָ֫תָה v Psalms 92:16 (Kt) Job 5:16; plural עוֹלוֹת Psalms 58:3; Psalms 64:7;—

violent deeds of injustice, בְּנֵי עַוְלָה II Samuel 3:34; II Samuel 7:10 = I Chronicles 17:9; בֶּן־ע׳ Psalms 89:23, compare בְּנֵי עַלְוָה Hosea 10:9 (read עַוְלָה Nowack); אישׁ מרמה וע׳ Psalms 43:1; בע׳ Isaiah 61:8; ‖ דַּם Micah 3:10; Habakkuk 2:12; עשׂה ע׳ Psalms 37:1 Zephaniah 3:5, Zephaniah 3:13; פעל ע׳ Psalms 58:3; Psalms 119:3; Job 36:23; שׁלח בע׳ ידים Psalms 125:3.

injustice of speech: דבּר ע׳ Job 13:7; Job 27:4; לשׁונכס ע׳ תהגה Isaiah 59:3; בלשׁוני ע׳ Job 6:30; ע׳ לא נמצא בשׂפתיו Malachi 2:6; ע׳ קפצה פיה Psalms 107:42; Job 5:16.

injustice, in general, Psalms 64:7; Job 6:29; Job 11:14; Job 15:16; Job 22:23; Job 24:20, + Job 36:33 (for Masoretic Text עוֹלֶה according to Septuagint Dillmann Budde Duhm al.), Ezekiel 28:15 Proverbs 22:8; Hosea 10:13; of God, לא ע׳ בוֹ Psalms 92:16; אֵין עִם י׳ ע׳ II Chronicles 19:7.

עֲוִיל³

noun (masc.) unjust one, Job 16:11 (see following).

עַוָּל

noun (masc.) unjust, unrighteous one;—especially of oppressive ruler Zephaniah 3:5; Job 18:21; Job 27:7 (‖ רָשָׁע), Job 29:17; Job 31:3 (‖ פֹּעֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן); probably also Job 16:11 (for Masoretic Text עֲוִיל, so Dillmann; ‖ רְשָׁעִים).

עוֹלֵל

see II. עלל.

עוֹלָם

see עלם.

עָוֹן²

see II. עוה.

עוּן

verb dwell (probably; √ of following; Arabic عون, عَانَ is support, help, see especially Fl^{Kl.Schr. i. 87 ff.});—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular consec. וְעָנָה֫ (read וְעָ֫נָה?) Isaiah 13:22 and jackals shall dwell, etc. (on agreement see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 145 k; ‖ שׁכן v Isaiah 13:21), so Septuagint Buhl; Cheyne^{Hebrew Haupt.. 124} וְשָֽׁכְנוּ; > Peshitta Targum Vulgate al. √ IV. ענה.—Psalms 87:7 see מַעְיָן.

עוֹנָה

Qr, [עֵינָה] Kt noun (fem.) only with suffix Hosea 10:10: Qr plural עוֹנֹתָם Baer, singular עוֹנָתָם Ginsb; > עֵינֹתָם Kt; but read עֲוֹנֹתָם, see עָוֹן 1 and p. 730.

עִוְעִים²

see sub I. עוה.

עוּף

verb fly (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, (rare) flicker, flutter, עוֹף fowl; Aramaic עוֹפָא, ܥܰܘܦܳܐ the same; Ethiopic ዖፍ the same; Arabic عَوْفٌ augury, from birds (compare Wellhausen^{Heid. 2, 202}), fortune, عيف, عَافَ practice augury, عَاىَٔفٌ augur; also عوف, عَاَفَ fly about, of birds);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine plural וְעָפוּ consec. Isaiah 11:14; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָעוּף Job 20:8 Psalms 91:5 + Proverbs 23:5 Qr (> Kt ועוף [van d. H.], or ועיף [Ginsb]); וַיָּעֹ֑ף II Samuel 22:11 = Psalms 18:11; Nahum 3:16, וַיָּ֫עָף Isaiah 6:6; 3rd feminine singular (הֲ)תָעוּף Proverbs 23:5 Kt (see below); 3rd feminine plural תְּעוּפֶינָה Isaiah 60:8, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct עוּף Job 5:7; Proverbs 26:2; participle (בינוני) fs. עָפָה Zechariah 5:1, Zechariah 5:2; plural עָפוֹת Isaiah 31:5;—

fly, of birds Deuteronomy 4:17, specif. of swallow (in sim.) Proverbs 26:2 (‖ נוּד); of seraph Isaiah 6:6 (compare Pōʿl.); י׳ riding (רכב) on cherub II Samuel 22:11 = Psalms 18:11; roll (in vision) Zechariah 5:1, Zechariah 5:2; arrow Psalms 91:5; of swift army Isaiah 11:14 (under figuratively of bird, followed by בְּכָתֵף) Habakkuk 1:8 (sim. of vulture); figuratively of ships (like cloud, or doves) Isaiah 60:8; בְּנֵי־רֶשֶׁף יַגְבִּיהוּ עוּף Job 5:7 make high to fly, that is make their flight high, soar aloft (sim. of irresistible tendency).

hover (protectingly) Isaiah 31:5 (birds, sim. of י׳; on sense compare Deuteronomy 32:11).

fly away, to a distance, Psalms 55:7 (figuratively; ‖ אַרְחִיק נְדֹד v Psalms 55:8); = vanish, of locusts Nahum 3:16 (figuratively); כְּנֶשֶׁר יָעוּף הַשָּׁמַיִם Proverbs 23:5 (Qr) sim. of riches (see Toy); of wicked Job 20:8 (כַּחֲלוֹם); end of life, in generally, וַנָּעֻ֑פָה Psalms 90:10.—הֲתָעוּף Proverbs 23:5 Kt, do thine eyes fly (light) upon it? (הֲתָעִיף Hiph. Qr dost thou cause thine eyes to fly, etc.?) is difficult, and line perhaps not original (see Toy).

fly about, to and fro; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְעוֹפֵף of birds Genesis 1:20; seraphim Isaiah 6:2; participle (בינוני) שָׂרָף מְעוֹפֵף flying fiery serpent Isaiah 14:29; Isaiah 30:6.

cause to fly to and fro, brandish, infinitive (מקור) construct with suffix בְּעוֹפְפִי חַרְבִּי Ezekiel 32:10 when I brandish my sword before them. Hithpōʿl. future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular כָּעוֹף יִתְעוֹפֵף כְּבוֹדָם Hosea 9:11 like a bird their glory shall fly away.

future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular Qr, see Qal ad fin.

עוֹף

noun (masc.) Genesis 40:17 coll. flying creatures, fowl, insects;—ע׳ absolute Genesis 1:20 +, construct v Genesis 1:21 +;—

fowl birds, Genesis 40:17, Genesis 40:19, Genesis 7:8, Genesis 1:20, Genesis 1:22, I Kings 5:13 +; especially (38 times) ע׳ הַשָּׁמַיִם fowl of the sky, Genesis 2:19, Genesis 2:20, Genesis 1:26, Genesis 1:28, Genesis 1:30, Hosea 2:20 Ecclesiastes 10:20 +, carrion birds I Samuel 17:44, I Samuel 17:46 II Samuel 21:10 I Kings 14:11 + 11 times; ע׳ הָרִים Psalms 50:11, ע׳ נוֹדֵד Isaiah 16:2, כִּכְלוּב מָלֵא ע׳ Jeremiah 5:27; redundantly ע׳ כָּנָף fowl of wing Genesis 1:21, Psalms 78:27 (for food); for food also Leviticus 7:26, Leviticus 17:13; Leviticus 20:25 (both H), compare Leviticus 11:13, Leviticus 11:46 (H, clean and unclean); for offering Genesis 8:20 (J; הָע׳ הַטָּהוֹר), Leviticus 1:14.

winged insects (clean and unclean) שֶׁרֶץ הָע׳ הַהֹלֵךְ עַל־אַרְבַּע Leviticus 11:20, Leviticus 11:21, שׁ׳ הָע׳ Deuteronomy 14:19, so probably הָע׳ alone v Deuteronomy 14:20; שׁ׳ הָע׳ אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ אַרְבַּע רַגְלָ֑יִם Leviticus 11:23.

עוּף²

I. [עִיף] verb be dark;—only Qal future (עתיד) 2nd feminine singular תָּעֻ֫פָה Job 11:17 (though) it be dark, but read probably תְּעֻפָה, noun, see below

עֵיפָה

noun (fem.) darkness;—עֹשֵׂה שַׁחַר עֵיפָה Amos 4:13; אֶרֶץ עֵפָ֫תָה Job 10:22 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 90 g; ‖ צַלְמָוֶת).

עֵיפָה²

n.pr.

gent. ‘son’ of Midian Genesis 25:4 = I Chronicles 1:33, compare Isaiah 60:6, Septuagint Γαφερ, Γεφαρ, Γαιφα(ρ).

m. name in Judah I Chronicles 2:47, Septuagint Γαιφα.

f. concubine of Caleb I Chronicles 2:46, Septuagint Γαιφαηλ, A Γαιφα ἡ, Septuagint L Γαιφα.

עוֹפַי

Kt, עֵיפַי Qr n.pr.m. a Neṭophathite, Jeremiah 40:8, Septuagint Ιωφε, Ωφε, Ωφετ.

עוּץ

verb counsel, plan (Aramaic the same; ‖ form of יעץ);—only

imperative (ציווי) mpl. עֻ֫צוּ Judges 19:30 (GFM reads עֵצָה, but see Budde), Isaiah 8:10 with a direct object cogn. עֵצָה. (Stade^{ThLZ 1894, Apr. 28, 235} der. עֻצוּ from יעץ).

עוּץ²

n. pr.

m.

(eldest) ‘son’ of Aramaic Genesis 10:23, = ‘son’ of Shem I Chronicles 1:17, Septuagint Ως, SeptuagintL Ch Ουζ.

eldest ‘son’ of Naḥor Genesis 22:21, A Ωξ, SeptuagintL Ωζ.

Edomite name Genesis 36:28 = I Chronicles 1:42, Septuagint Ως, SeptuagintL Ους.

location (= 1. a, b, poss. also c), מַלְכֵי אֶרֶץ הָעוּץ Jeremiah 25:20 (Septuagint om.); בְּאֶרֶץ־עוּץ Job 1:1 (home of Job), Septuagint Αυσιτις; Lamentations 4:21 (del. עוּץ Septuagint compare Budde and reff.); on Uz as vague name for E. country see especially Budde ^{ix. f.}; Delitzsch^{Pa259, ZKF ii. 87 ff.} puts in Ḥauran, or N. (NE.) therefrom, = Assyrian Uṣṣu, but doubtful With name עוּץ Robertson Smith^{K 261} cp. Arabic n.pr. div. عَوْض,, so Wellhausen^{Heid. 2, 146}; against this Noldeke^{ZMG xl (1886), 183 f.}, but see reply Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 43}.

עָוַר

verbPi. make blind, blind (orig. meaning of √ doubtful; Gesenius' Thesaurus עור = dig (Arabic غَارٌ etc. cave); Hal^{RÉJ xi, 67} cp. עוֹר skin, whence blindness as cataract;—Aramaic adjective עֲוִיר, ܥܘܺܪ blind, Pa. עַוַּר, ܥܰܘܰܪ = Hebrew Pi.; Arabic عَوِرَ be one-eyed, Ethiopic ዖረ be blind Dillmann ⁹⁹⁵);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular עִוֵּר II Kings 25:7, c. עֵינֵי put out the eyes of = Jeremiah 39:7 = Jeremiah 52:11; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְעַוֵּר figuratively, Exodus 23:8 a bribe blindeth, with a direct object person (Sam. Septuagint ins. עֵינֵי); Deuteronomy 16:19, c. עֵינֵי.

עִוֵּר

adjective blind;—only absolute ע׳ Exodus 4:11 +, plural עִוְרִים II Samuel 5:6 +, f. עִוְרוֹת Isaiah 42:7; (c. art. הָעִוֵּר Deuteronomy 28:29, elsewhere הַע׳ Baer Ginsb; van d. H. לָעִוֵּר Job 29:15, הָעִוְרִים II Samuel 5:6, II Samuel 5:8; Isaiah 42:18);—blind, usually as noun = the blind:

literally, physically blind:

of men Exodus 4:11 (J; opposite פִּקֵּחַ), II Samuel 5:6, II Samuel 5:8^(×2); Leviticus 19:14, Deuteronomy 27:18; Jeremiah 31:8 Job 29:15; in sim. Deuteronomy 28:29; Zephaniah 1:17; Isaiah 59:10, compare Lamentations 4:14 (appos.); as adjective attribute אִישׁ ע׳ Leviticus 21:18.

of sacrif. animal Deuteronomy 15:21; Malachi 1:8.

figuratively,

of the helpless, groping Isaiah 29:18; Isaiah 35:5; Isaiah 42:16 Psalms 146:8; as adjective attribute, עֵינַיִם עִוְרוֹת Isaiah 42:7.

of the dull, unreceptive, Isaiah 42:18, Isaiah 42:19^(×3) (but v Isaiah 42:19 c read חֵרֵשׁ q.see); as adjective attrib. עַם עִוֵּר Isaiah 43:8; as predicate Isaiah 56:10.

עִוָּרוֹן

n.[m.] blindness;—only in phr. (subj. י׳), smite (הִכָּה) with blindness: figuratively of ‘blind incapacity’ (Driver) בְּע׳ Deuteronomy 28:28; of smiting horses בַּע׳ Zechariah 12:4, that is with blind staggers, making them helplessly wild.

עַוֶּ֫רֶת

noun (fem.) the same;—of sacrif. animals, abstr. for concr., Leviticus 22:22.

עוּר

verb rouse oneself, awake (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic עוּר, ܥܳܪ; Arabic عير, عَارَ see עיר, עַיִר; غير, غَارَ is be jealous, compare Syriac ܥܝܳܪܳܐ hate, revenge);—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix יְעוּרֶנּוּ Job 41:2 Baer Ginsb, and Qr van d. H., but Kt יעירנו (Hiph.), Bab. Mass. (see Baer ^{p. 58}), so Ginsb^margin van d. H.; read thus, or יְעוֹרְרֶנּוּ (Pōʿl.) Budde; > contr. form of Pōʿl. Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 72 cc Dillmann; compare Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 484 e; imperative (ציווי) ms. ע֫וּרָה Psalms 7:7 +, fs. ע֫וּרִי Judges 5:12^(×2) + 3 times, עוּרִ֫י Judges 5:12^(×2) + 5 times (for rhythm); participle (בינוני) עֵר Song of Songs 5:2 + Malachi 2:12 (read probably עֵד Wellhausen Nowack GASm, compare Septuagint ἓως = עַד);—rouse oneself to activity, of Deborah Judges 5:12^(×4); of י׳ Psalms 7:7 (‖ קוּמָה, הִנָּשֵׂא), Psalms 59:5 (followed by inf.), Psalms 44:24 (opposite יָשֵׁן), of י׳’s arm Isaiah 51:9^(×3), of oneself Psalms 57:9, of Zion Isaiah 52:1^(×2), of stone (idol) Habakkuk 2:19, sword Zechariah 13:7 (+ עַל against), wind Song of Songs 4:16, harp and lyre Psalms 57:9 = Psalms 108:3; לִבִּי עֵר Song of Songs 5:2 my heart waketh (opposite יָשֵׁן).—Job 41:2 Malachi 2:12 see above

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נֵעוֹר Zechariah 2:17; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יֵעוֹר Jeremiah 6:22 Zechariah 4:1; 3rd masculine plural יֵעֹרוּ Jeremiah 50:41 Job 14:12, יֵעוֹרוּ Joel 4:12;—be roused Zechariah 4:1 (from [מִן] sleep, in sim.), so Job 14:12 (sleep of death, ‖ יָקִיצוּ, יָקוּם); be incited to activity, c. מִן location: of י׳ Zechariah 2:17, of nation Jeremiah 6:22, kings Jeremiah 50:41, whirlwind Jeremiah 25:32; absolute of nation Joel 4:12. Pōʿl. past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular עוֹרֵר II Samuel 23:18 +, וְע׳ consec. Isaiah 10:26, 1st singular וְעוֹרַרְתִּ֫י Zechariah 9:13, with suffix עוֹרַרְתִּיךָ Song of Songs 8:5; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תְּעֹרֵר Proverbs 10:12, 2nd masculine plural תְּעוֹרְרוּ Song of Songs 2:7; Song of Songs 3:5, תְּעֹרְרוּ Song of Songs 8:4 (feminine subj. Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 144 a); imperative (ציווי) ms. עוֹרְרָה Psalms 80:3; infinitive (מקור) עֹרֵר Job 3:8;—rouse, incite to activity, with a direct object person Zechariah 9:13 (+ עַל against), direct object רְפָאִים Isaiah 14:9 (subj. שְׁאוֹל see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 145 t); ע׳ אֶת־גְּבוּרָתֶ֑ךָ Psalms 80:3 (of י׳); הָעֲתִידִים עֹרֵר לִוְיָתָּן Job 3:8; especially rouse, excite love Song of Songs 2:7; Song of Songs 3:5; Song of Songs 8:4 (all ‖ תָּעִירוּ; feminine subj. see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 144 a); עוֹרַרְתִּיךָ Song of Songs 8:5 is dubious, of exciting love De, arousing from slumber Budde, so, reading עוֹרַרְתִּיךְ, Siegf; שִׂנְאָה תְּע׳ מְדָנִים Proverbs 10:12 hatred stirreth up strifes; with a direct object of weapon II Samuel 23:18 rouse, awaken, that is wield, brandish (+ עַל against), so read also v II Samuel 23:8 (see חֲנִית 1) = I Chronicles 11:11, I Chronicles 11:20, so Isaiah 10:26.—Isaiah 23:13 see ערר.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural זַעֲקַת־שֶׁבֶר יְעֹעֵ֑רוּ Isaiah 15:5, usually expl. as = יְעַרְעֵ֑רוּ (wh. some read), rouse (that is raise?) a cry of destruction, Gesenius^{Comm. Gesenius' Thesaurus.} De Dillmann Duhm Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 72 cc Konig^{i. 500; ii. 497}; Phip. not elsewhere, very doubtful; read perhaps יְעוֹרֵ֑רוּ; Lagarde^{Proph. Chald. IL} Cheyne Guthe^Kau Siegfried-Stade read יְרֹעָ֑עוּ shout, but improb. with זַעֲקַת. Hithpōʿl. past (עבר) וְהִתְעֹרַ֫רְתִּי כִּי consec. Job 31:29 and I was (joyfully) excited, triumphant, that (‖ אֶשְׂמַח), so perhaps future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular Job 17:8, reading וְחָנֵף עַל־נָקִי יִתְעֹרָ֑ר Me Dillmann Beer (Masoretic Text וְנָקִי עַל־חָנֵף יִתְע׳, that is be excited with displeasure); rouse oneself to activity, participle (בינוני) מִתְעוֹרֵר לְהַחֲזִיק בָּךְ Isaiah 64:6; compare Isaiah 51:17.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הֵעִיר Isaiah 41:2 +; 1st singular הַעִיר֫וֹתִי Isaiah 41:25 (see Konig^{i. 500} Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 72 x), with suffix הַעִירֹתִהוּ Isaiah 45:13; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָעִיר Deuteronomy 32:11 +, וְיָעֵר Daniel 11:25, וַיָּ֫עַר Haggai 1:14 +, with suffix וַיְעִירֵנִי Zechariah 4:1, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. הָעִירָה Psalms 35:23; mpl. הָעִירוּ Joel 4:9; infinitive (מקור) בָּעִיר (= בְּהָעִיר) Psalms 73:20 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 53 q); participle (בינוני) מֵעִיר Isaiah 13:17 +, with suffix מְעִירָם Joel 4:7;—

rouse, c. with suffix Zechariah 4:1 (as if from sleep, see Qal); rouse, stir up, to activity, כְּנֶשֶׁר יָעִיר קִנּוֹ Deuteronomy 32:11; with a direct object person, or equiv., expressed or implied, especially subj. י׳: Isaiah 45:13; c. מִן location Isaiah 41:2, Isaiah 41:25; Joel 4:7; + עַל against Isaiah 13:17, compare Jeremiah 50:9; Jeremiah 51:1 Ezekiel 23:22; הֵעִיר אֶת־רוּחַ פ׳ Jeremiah 51:11 Haggai 1:14 I Chronicles 5:26; II Chronicles 21:16 (+ עַל against), Isaiah 36:22 = Ezra 1:1, compare v Ezra 1:5; י׳ subj. also Psalms 78:38 (חֵמָה) Isaiah 42:13 (קִנְאָה) יָעִיר Isaiah 50:4^(×2) (+ לִי אֹזֶן); human subj., with a direct object person Joel 4:9, Daniel 11:2 (+ אֵת in conflict with, Vulgate de W Meinh Behrm, compare Bev. who thinks יערך לקראת poss.); perhaps also, obj. crocodile Job 41:2 (reading יְעִירֶנּוּ see Qal); וְיָעֵר כֹּחוֹ וּלְבָבוֹ Daniel 11:25 (+ עַל against); especially of rousing love Song of Songs 2:7; Song of Songs 3:5; Song of Songs 8:4 (all ‖ Pōʿl. q.see); figuratively אָעִירָה שָׁ֑חַר Psalms 57:9; Psalms 108:3 I will arouse the dawn (‖ imperative (ציווי) Qal q.see); pt. absolute = stirring up (a fire) Hosea 7:4 (si vera l.; compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 120 b; but text dubious compare Wellhausen Nowack GASm).

declarative or exhibitive sense, act in an aroused manner, awake, הָעִירָה וְהָקִיצָה לְמִשְׁפָּטִי Psalms 35:23, compare Job 8:6 (+ עַל over = for; both subj. י׳); absolute Psalms 73:20.

עִיר

n.[m.] agitation;—of terror, ע׳ וּבֶהָלוֹת Jeremiah 15:8; of rage (si vera l.), לֹא אָבוֹא בְּעִיר Hosea 11:9, but St proposes לְבָעֵר compare Wellhausen Oort Nowack GASm.—בָּעִיר Psalms 73:20 see עור Hiph.—ii, iii. עִיר see p. 746 below

עֵר

n.pr.m. Hρ (compare עוּר Qal participle (בינוני));—

eldest son of Judah Genesis 38:3, Genesis 38:6 = I Chronicles 2:3^(×2), Genesis 38:7; Genesis 46:12^(×2) Numbers 26:19^(×2).

son of Judah’s son Shelah I Chronicles 4:21.—Vid. also Qal participle (בינוני) עֵר above

עֵרִי

n.pr.m. a son of Gad Genesis 46:16 Numbers 26:16, Αηδις, Αδδει.

עֵרִי²

adjectivegent. of i. עֵרִי, c. art. as noun coll. הָעֵרִי Numbers 26:16, Αδδει.

עוּר²

verb be exposed, bare (akin to עָרָה, ערר; Arabic عَوْرَةٌ = pudenda);—

future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular עֶרְיָה תֵעוֹר קַשְׁתֶּ֑ךְ Habakkuk 3:9 into nakedness (that is utterly) is thy bow laid bare, made ready; Wellhausen proposes עוֹרֵר תְּעוֹרֵר (compare II Samuel 23:18, I. עור Pōʿl.), and so Nowack [from √ ערר, lay bare] thou layest, etc.

עֵירֹם

adjective and n.[m.] 1. naked; 2. nakedness ( √ עור Ewald ^{423, 426} Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 85 t Stade's Hebrew Grammar §§ 295, 327 a; > √ ערם (not Hebrew in this sense) Barth^{NB § 27 g} Konig^{ii. 84, 120});—absolute עֵירֹם Genesis 3:10, Genesis 3:11 + 4 times, עֵרֹם Ezekiel 16:7 + 2 times Ez; plural עֵירֻמִּים Genesis 3:7;—

adjective naked Genesis 3:7, Genesis 3:10, Genesis 3:11 (all pred.); as noun concr. Ezekiel 18:7, Ezekiel 18:16.

n.abstr. nakedness Deuteronomy 28:48; ע׳ וְעֶרְיָה nakedness and bareness (= naked and bare, of personified Jerusalem), Ezekiel 16:7, Ezekiel 16:22, Ezekiel 16:39; Ezekiel 23:29.

עָרוֹם

adjective naked (perhaps secondary form from עֵירֹם Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 163 c Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 327 a; or from √ עָרָה, q.see);—absolute עָרוֹם Amos 2:16 + 8 times, עָרֹם I Samuel 19:24 + 3 times; f. עֲרֻמָּה Hosea 2:5; plural עֲרוּמִּים Genesis 2:25 Job 22:6;—naked Genesis 2:25 I Samuel 19:24 Hosea 2:5; adverb. (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 118 n) c. הָלַךְ Isaiah 20:2, Isaiah 20:3, Isaiah 20:4 Micah 1:8, compare Amos 2:16 Job 24:7, Job 24:10; = noun concr. Isaiah 58:7 Job 22:6; = without possessions Job 1:21^(×2) = Ecclesiastes 5:14; of Sheʾôl. open before י׳ Job 26:6.

עוֹר

noun (masc.) Job 7:5 skin (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Phoenician ערת Lidzbarski ³⁴⁶);—ע׳ absolute Genesis 3:21 +, construct Exodus 34:29 +; with suffix עֹרוֹ Exodus 29:14 +, עוֹרוֹ Jeremiah 13:23, עֹרָהּ Numbers 19:5, etc.; plural construct עֹרֹת Genesis 27:16 +, עוֹרֹת Exodus 39:34, with suffix עֹרֹתָם Leviticus 16:27;—skin:

of men (55 times), שׂמְלָתוֹ לְעֹרוֹ Exodus 22:26, ע׳ פָּנָיו Exodus 34:29, Exodus 34:30 compare v Exodus 34:35 (all P); (dark) skin of Cushite Jeremiah 13:23; see also Ezekiel 37:6, Ezekiel 37:8 Lamentations 3:8 Job 7:5; Job 10:11 +; in hyperb. Micah 3:2, Micah 3:3; עוֹר שִׁנָּ֑י Job 19:20 the skin of my teeth, that is gums (si vera l.); also Leviticus 13:2 + 33 times Leviticus 13, in tests for leprosy (see especially ע׳־בְּשָׂרוֹ v Leviticus 13:2^(×2), Leviticus 13:3, Leviticus 13:4, Leviticus 13:11, compare v Leviticus 13:3, Leviticus 13:38, Leviticus 13:39, Leviticus 13:43); עוֹר בְּעַד עוֹר Job 2:4 skin in behalf of, for, skin, appar. proverb. phrase of barter, = everything has its price (on varieties of interpr. see Comm.).

hide of animals (44 times), always—except Job 40:31—after skinning: Genesis 27:16; of sacrif. victims Exodus 29:14 Leviticus 4:11 + 5 times (all P); prepared for use (by some process of tanning, compare Nowack^{Arch. i. 242}), sometimes = leather: material of garments Genesis 3:21, girdle II Kings 1:8, any article Leviticus 11:32; Leviticus 13:48; Numbers 31:20; covering of tabern. Exodus 25:5^(×2) + 10 times Exodus 26, Exodus 35, Exodus 36, Exodus 39, of ark, sacred utensils, etc., Numbers 4:6 + 5 times Numbers 4.

עוּתַי

n.pr.m.

name in Judah I Chronicles 9:4, Γωθει (= עֲתָיָה Nehemiah 11:4).

Ezra 8:14, Ουθι.

עַז

עֵז

see ענז.

עָזַב

verb leave, forsake, loose (Mishnaic Hebrew the same (rare); Arabic عَرَبَ be remote, absent, depart, Assyrian ezêbu, leave, Shaph. ušezib, rescue, compare Biblical Aramaic שֵׁיזֵב;—Ethiopic ማዕሰብ widowed Dillmann ⁹⁷³);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ע׳ Genesis 24:27 +, with suffix עֲזָבַנִי Isaiah 49:14 Psalms 38:11; 3rd feminine singular עָזָבָ֑ה Ezekiel 23:8; 1st singular with suffix עֲזַבְתִּיךְ Isaiah 54:7; Isaiah 54:2 fpl. עֲזַבְתֶּן Exodus 2:20, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַעֲזֹב Isaiah 55:7 +, יַעֲזָב־ Genesis 2:24, with suffix 1st singular וַיַּעַזְבֵנִי I Samuel 30:13, etc.; imperative (ציווי) עֲזֹב Psalms 37:8, עָזְבָה Jeremiah 49:11, עִזְבוּ Jeremiah 48:28; Proverbs 9:6, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute עָזוֹב Jeremiah 14:5, עָזֹב Exodus 23:5; construct עֲזֹב Genesis 44:22 +, with suffix עָזְבֵךְ Jeremiah 2:17 +, etc.; participle (בינוני) active עֹזֵב Proverbs 10:17 +, construct עֹזְבִי (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 90 l); f. construct עֹזֶבֶת Proverbs 2:17 etc.; passive עָזוּב Deuteronomy 32:26 +, etc.;—

leave, with a direct object (on order of meanings compare Noldeke^{ZMG xl (1886), 726});

= depart from, direct object person Genesis 44:22^(×2), II Kings 2:2, II Kings 2:4, II Kings 2:6; II Kings 4:30; Numbers 10:31, Ruth 1:16 Jeremiah 9:1 (‖ הָלַךְ מֵאֵת); direct object location I Kings 8:6 Jeremiah 25:28 (י׳ as lion leaving lair); c. מִן location intrans. (strangely) Jeremiah 18:14 (of snow).

leave behind, direct object person Exodus 2:20, II Samuel 15:16 (+ inf.), Ezekiel 24:21; direct object rei + בְּיַד Genesis 39:12, Genesis 39:13, + אֶצְלִי v Genesis 39:15, Genesis 39:18 (all J); + ב location Genesis 50:8; direct object person et rei Exodus 9:21.

leave in the presence of (לִפְנֵי) I Chronicles 16:37 (ל of accus., compare ל 3 b above), II Chronicles 28:14.

leave in safety, וְאָ֫נָה תַעַזְבוּ כְּבוֹדְכֶם Isaiah 10:3.

leave in a given condition, situation, ע׳ אֹתוֹ בְמַחֲלֻיִים II Chronicles 24:25 they left him in great suffering; c. adverb direct object Ezekiel 23:29; a city פְּתוּחָה Joshua 8:17.

leave undisturbed, let alone Ruth 2:16.

leave unexercised, Genesis 24:27 pregn. he hath not left his kindness and his faithfulness from (being) with (מֵעִם) my master; so ע׳ חַסְדּוֹ אֶת־ Ruth 2:20 (both of י׳); ע׳ חֵמָה Psalms 37:8 (‖ הֶרֶף מֵאַף).

leave in the hand of, entrust to, direct object rei + בְּיַד Genesis 39:6, + אֶל־ Job 39:11 (‖ בָּטַח בְּ), + עַל־ Psalms 10:14 (direct object om., his cause).—So also poss. (c. לְ) Nehemiah 3:34 (reading לֵאלֹהִים for Masoretic Text לָהֶם), but text probably otherwise corrupt.

leave to (ל) one (unaided), וְחָדַלְתָּ֫ מֵעֲזֹב לוֹ Exodus 23:5 thou shalt refrain from leaving it (sc. the affair) to him; compare תַּעֲזֹב לָאָרֶץ בֵּיצֶיהָ Job 39:14 (of ostrich).

leave over, remaining, direct object person Judges 2:21; direct object rei + לְ person Leviticus 19:10; Leviticus 23:22, Malachi 3:19. k. leave = have nothing to do with Proverbs 9:6.

leave, abandon, forsake:

abandon, direct object rei: (1) land, house, city, tent, etc., I Samuel 31:7 = I Chronicles 10:7; II Kings 7:7; Jeremiah 9:18; Jeremiah 48:28; Jeremiah 51:9; II Chronicles 11:14; Isaiah 17:9 (+ מִפְּנֵי of enemy); pt. passive of cities v Isaiah 17:2 Jeremiah 4:29; Zephaniah 2:4, compare עֲזוּבָה Isaiah 17:9 pt. = noun = deserted region. (2) oxen I Kings 19:20; idol-images (+ שָׁם) II Samuel 5:21 = I Chronicles 14:12; flock Zechariah 11:17; pt. passive of eggs Isaiah 10:14.

forsake, (1) human subj. and obj.: Genesis 2:24 (J; a man his + parents), I Samuel 30:13; Joshua 22:3, Jeremiah 49:11 Psalms 27:10 (parent a child), Proverbs 2:17 (wife her husband, אַלּוּף), compare אִשָּׁה עֲזוּבָה Isaiah 54:6, and ע׳ of personif. Zion Isaiah 60:15; Isaiah 62:4. (2) an animal its young Jeremiah 14:5 (obj. om.).

= neglect, Levite Deuteronomy 12:19; Deuteronomy 14:27, poor Job 20:19.

especially (1) figuratively of forsaking God (י׳), apostatizing, Judges 10:10; Deuteronomy 28:20; Deuteronomy 31:16 Jeremiah 1:16 + 38 times (often Je and later); + Jonah 2:9 (obj. חַסְדָּם, that is God, see חֶסֶד II); c. ל + inf. only אֶת־י׳ עָֽזְבוּ לִשְׁמֹר Hosea 4:10 (Oort Wellhausen Nowack doubt לִשְׁמֹר). (2) obj. י׳’s law, commands, covenant, etc., Deuteronomy 29:24; I Kings 19:10, I Kings 19:14 + 14 times; house of י׳ II Chronicles 24:18; Nehemiah 10:40. †(3) forsake, fail to follow, obey advice, instruction, wisdom, reproof: I Kings 12:8, I Kings 12:13 = II Chronicles 10:8, II Chronicles 10:13; Proverbs 2:13; Proverbs 4:2, Proverbs 4:6; Proverbs 10:17; Proverbs 15:10; Proverbs 27:10. †(4) but also of forsaking idols Ezekiel 20:8, sins of various kinds Ezekiel 23:8 Isaiah 55:7; Proverbs 28:13 (obj. om.; + מוֹדֶה confess); הַמַּשָּׁא usury Nehemiah 5:10.

of God’s forsaking, abandoning men: Deuteronomy 31:17; Isaiah 41:17; Isaiah 49:14; Isaiah 54:7; II Chronicles 12:5; Ezra 9:9 Psalms 9:11; Psalms 22:2 + 8 times ψψ; + בְּיַד Nehemiah 9:28; Psalms 37:33; Psalms 16:10 thou wilt not abandon my soul לִשְׁאוֹל; of temporary abandonment II Chronicles 32:31 (+ inf. of purpose); etc. (34 times in all); + Jeremiah 12:7 (י׳ abandoning his house).

of God’s leaving, that is ceasing to regard, the earth, thus giving impunity to crime, Ezekiel 8:12; Ezekiel 9:9.

of strength (כֹּחַ) forsaking one Psalms 38:11, courage (לֵב) Psalms 40:13, kindness and faithfulness (חֶסֶד וֶאֱמֶת) Proverbs 3:3.

let loose, set free, let go עָזֹב תַּעֲזֹב עִמּוֹ Exodus 23:5 thou shalt by all means free it (sc. the beast) with him, (aid him to set it free; on sense, compare Deuteronomy 22:4; DHM sub ii. עזב); עָצוּר וְעָזוּב shut up and freed, proverb. phr., = all classes of people Deuteronomy 32:36; I Kings 14:10; I Kings 21:21; II Kings 9:8; II Kings 14:26 (exact meaning doubtful; probably either = bond and free, or [see Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 437, 2nd ed. 456}] under taboo and free from it); let go Job 20:13 (with a direct object of wickedness as morsel in mouth); let loose my complaint Job 10:1 (עָלַי apud me, compare עַל II 1 d); אֶעֶזְבָה פָנַי Job 9:27 I will loosen, relax, my face, (compare Gesenius' Thesaurus De Me Stu Dillmann Buhl^Lex Budde; > abandon my [gloomy] countenance AV RV Siegfried-Stade Bae^Kau Duhm).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נֶעֱזַב Nehemiah 13:11; 3rd feminine singular נֶעֱזָבָ֑ה Isaiah 62:12; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תֵּעָזֵב Isaiah 7:16; Leviticus 26:43, תֵּעָ֣זַב Job 18:4; 3rd masculine plural יֵעָֽזְבוּ Isaiah 18:6; participle (בינוני) נֶעֱזָב Isaiah 27:10 Psalms 37:25; fpl. נֶעֱזָבוֹת Ezekiel 36:4;—

be left to (לְ), that is to the possession of, Isaiah 18:6.

be forsaken, of house of God Nehemiah 13:11, a city Ezekiel 36:4; Isaiah 27:10 (‖ מְשֻׁלָּח), Isaiah 62:12; the earth Job 18:4, land Isaiah 7:16; Leviticus 26:43 (+ מִן of exiles); of man Psalms 37:25.

(or Qal passive, see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 52 e) be deserted, of city: past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הֲמוֹן עִיר עֻזָּ֑ב Isaiah 32:14 (‖ נֻטָ֔שׁ); 3rd feminine singular עֻזְּבָה Jeremiah 49:25.

עֲזוּבָה

noun (fem.) forsakenness, desolation;—וְרַבָּה הָע׳ בְּקֶרֶב הָאָדֶץ Isaiah 6:12.—Isaiah 17:9 see √2 a.

עֲזוּבָה²

n. pr. f.

Αζαεβα, Αζονβα, mother of Jehoshaphat I Kings 22:42 = II Chronicles 20:31.

(Γ)αζουβα, wife of Caleb I Chronicles 2:18, I Chronicles 2:19.

עָזַב²

verb restore, repair (?) (compare perhaps Sab. עדֿב restore, Sab Denkm⁹⁰ DHM^{Öster. Monatsschr. f. d. Orient 1885, 226}; also Mishnaic Hebrew מַעֲזִיבָה restoration, erection Levy^{NHWB iii. 186}, Arabic معزب building-stone Kremer^{Beitr. ii. 18});—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural וַּיַּעַזְבוּ Nehemiah 3:8 and they repaired (?) Jerus. as far as the broad wall; > paved Guthe^{ZPV viii (1885), 282 f.}, or from √ I. עזב (see views in Be Ryle).

עַזְבּוּק

עַזָּה

n.pr.location Gaza, Γαζα (Assyrian Ḫazzutu, etc., COT^{i. 97} Delitzsch^{Pa 290}, TelAm. Ḫazati, Azzati Winckler^38*; Egyptian Gaḏatu̥ WMM^{As. u. Eur. 87, 96, 159, 392}; Septuagint Γαζα, so Jos^{Ant. xiii. 5, 5, etc.}; Herod. ^{ii. 159; iii. 5} Κάδυτις);—Philistine city (mod. غَزَّة, Ghazze, Razze), c. Lat. 31° 3ˊ N, Long. 34° 28ˊ E. c. 50 miles WSW. from Jerus., near the sea (Rob^{BR ii. 36 ff.} GASm^{Geogr. 181 ff.} Buhl^{Geogr. 190 f.}), Judges 16:1, Judges 16:21 (both עַזָּ֫תָה), southernmost of the famous five cities, Genesis 10:19, Judges 6:4; I Kings 5:4; II Kings 18:8, compare Deuteronomy 2:23; Joshua 10:41; also Joshua 11:22, Joshua 15:47, Judges 1:18; I Samuel 6:17; Amos 1:6, Amos 1:7; Zephaniah 2:4; Jeremiah 25:20; Jeremiah 47:1, Jeremiah 47:5; Zechariah 9:5^(×2);—On commercial importance see DHM^{B und S 989} Gatt^{ZPV vii (1884), 1 ff., 293 ff.; viii (1885), 69 ff., 179 ff.}.—For עַזָּה I Chronicles 7:28 van d. H., read עַיָּה Baer Ginsb (q.see), Be Oettli Kau Kittel^Haupt.; see עַי.

עָזַז

verbbe strong (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Hiph., especially in bad sense, and especially deriv. עַז; Phoenician עז strength, also in n.pr. Lidzbarski³³⁸; Aramaic ܥܰܙ be mighty, strong, compare Old Aramaic Nab. Palmyrene n.pr. עזיזו Lidzbarski³³⁸ Cook⁹⁰; Arabic عَزَّ be mighty, strong, Ethiopic ዐዘዘ the same; Assyrian ezêzu, be furious, ezzu, fierce);—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָעֹז Psalms 9:20; Psalms 52:9, יָעוֹז Daniel 11:12; 3rd feminine singular תָּעֹז Psalms 89:14 Ecclesiastes 7:19, וַתָּ֫עָז Judges 3:10; Judges 6:2; imperative (ציווי) ms. עוּזָּה Psalms 68:29 (but see below); infinitive (מקור) construct עֲזוֹז Proverbs 8:28;—be strong, prevail, וַתָּ֫עָז יָדוֹ עַל־ Judges 3:10 and his hand prevailed against, so Judges 6:2; אַל־יָעֹז אֱנוֹשׁ Psalms 9:20, Daniel 11:12; absolute תָּעֹז יָֽדְךָ Psalms 89:14 (of י׳); of appar. strength of wicked Psalms 52:9; בַּעֲזוֹז עִינוֹת תְּהוֹם Proverbs 8:28 when the fountains of the deep grew strong, i. e. firm, fixed; but Oort Bi Toy read בְּעַזְּזוֹ when he made firm, fixed fast (‖ בְּאַמְּצוֹ); עוּזָּה אֱלֹהִים Psalms 68:29 Cheyne Bae al. shew thyself strong, O God, who, etc., compare Konig^{i. 363}; < עוֹז הָא׳ the might, O God, wh., etc., Hup Duhm; הַחָכְמָה תָּעֹז לֶחָכָם Ecclesiastes 7:19 wisdom is strong for the wise.—לָעוֹז Isaiah 30:2 see עוּז.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular חֵעֵז אִישׁ רָשָׁע בְּפָנָיו Proverbs 21:29 a wicked man maketh firm (sheweth boldness) with his face; so 3rd feminine singular הֵעֵ֫וָה פָנֶיהָ Proverbs 7:13 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67 dd Konig^{i. 372}) she maketh bold her face.

עַז²

adjective strong, mighty, fierce;—ע׳ absolute Numbers 13:28 + 2 times, עָז Judges 14:18, עָ֑ז Amos 5:9 + 4 times; עַז construct Deuteronomy 28:50; Daniel 8:23; f. עַזָּה Exodus 14:21 + 2 times; plural עַזִּים Ezekiel 7:24 + 3 times; f. עַזּוֹת Proverbs 18:23; construct עַזֵּי Isaiah 56:11;—strong, mighty, wind Exodus 14:21; border Numbers 21:24, but read probably יַעְזֵר (Septuagint Dillmann al.) Yaʾzer was times border; of people Proverbs 30:25 (figuratively of ants), מַיִם עַזִּים Isaiah 43:16 (‖ הַיָּם), Nehemiah 9:11; of love Song of Songs 8:6; = noun the mighty Amos 5:9; Ezekiel 7:24 + Proverbs 24:5 (of physical force; reading טוֹב מֵעַז or the like Septuagint Peshitta Targum Kmp^Kau Wild Toy); formidable, fierce, of lion Judges 14:18, so (= noun) v Judges 14:14, of king Isaiah 19:4 (‖ אֲדֹנִים קָשֶׁה), of people Numbers 13:28, Isaiah 25:3 (‖ עָרִיצִים); of enemy II Samuel 22:18 = Psalms 18:18, so as noun Psalms 59:4; עַז פָּנִים Deuteronomy 28:50 fierce of countenance, Daniel 8:23, so perhaps = impudent Ecclesiastes 8:1 (reading עַז for עֹז q.see); of anger (אַף) Genesis 49:7 (poem in J), wrath (חֵמָה) Proverbs 21:14; הַכְּלָבִים עַזֵּי־נֶפֶשׁ Isaiah 56:11 dogs fierce of appetite (‖ לֹא יָֽדְעוּ שָׂבְעָה); fpl. as adverb accus. יַעֲנֶה עַזּוֹת Proverbs 18:23 the rich answereth fiercely.

עֹז

and (rarely) עוֹז noun (masc.) strength, might;—absolute ע׳ Judges 9:51 +, עוֹז Psalms 84:6 +, עָז־ Isaiah 26:1, once עָ֑ז Genesis 49:3; construct עֹז Micah 5:3 +, עָז־ Psalms 28:8; with suffix עָזִּי Exodus 15:2 + 2 times, עֻזִּי Psalms 28:7 +; עָזְּךָ Psalms 21:2 + 2 times, עֻזְּךָ Psalms 66:3 +; with suffix 1st plural עוּזֵנוּ Psalms 81:2; 3rd masculine plural עֻזָּמוֹ Psalms 89:18 etc.;—strength, might (usually poet., 44 times ψψ):

material and physical, מִגְדַּל־עֹז Judges 9:51, and figuratively (of י׳), Psalms 61:4 Proverbs 18:10, מַחֲסִי־עֹז Psalms 71:7, compare עִיר עָז־לָנוּ Isaiah 26:1, קִרְיַת־עֹז Proverbs 18:19 (sim.), Proverbs 10:15 = Proverbs 18:11 (figuratively); עֹז טִבְטֶחָ֑ה Proverbs 21:22 (of a city, read poss. מעוז Toy); צוּר עֻזִּי Psalms 62:8 (figuratively); מְרוֹם עֻזָּהּ Jeremiah 51:53 (of Bab.), מַצְּבוֹת עֻזֵּךְ Ezekiel 26:11 (of Tyre), compare Psalms 30:8 (reading לְהַרְרֵי־עֹז Targum Hup Cheyne Kau Wellhausen; but no obj. for verb; Gie in Bae proposes הָעֳמַדְתִּי for הֶעֱמַדְתָּה); רְקִיעַ עֻזּוֹ Psalms 150:1 his mighty firmament (De Hup Kau al.; Ki AV RV Cheyne the f. of his power, where his power dwells); בְּכָל־עֹז with all one’s might II Samuel 6:14 = I Chronicles 13:8, + II Chronicles 30:21 (where so read, for Masoretic Text כְּלֵי עֹז, Kau Kittel compare Be Oettli); בְּעוֹז Proverbs 31:17, Proverbs 31:25; abstr. for concr. Judges 5:21 si vera l., but probably crpt., compare GFM Budde; of crocodile Job 41:14; קוֹל עֹז Psalms 68:34 a mighty voice; זְרוֹעַ עֻזּוֹ = his mighty arm (figuratively of י׳) Isaiah 62:8, compare Isaiah 51:9 Psalms 89:11 Job 26:2, גֶּשֶׁם מִטְרוֹת עֻזּוֹ Job 37:6; מַטֵּה־עֹז, figuratively of political power Jeremiah 48:17 (‖ מַקֵּל תִּפְאָרָה), Ezekiel 19:11, Ezekiel 19:12, Ezekiel 19:14 (vine-branches, in figuratively), Psalms 110:2.

personal, social, and political:

Amos 3:11, גְּאוֹן ע׳ Leviticus 26:19, Ezekiel 24:21; Ezekiel 30:6, Ezekiel 30:18; Ezekiel 33:28.

bestowed by י׳, I Samuel 2:10 (song), Psalms 29:11; Psalms 68:36; Psalms 86:16; Psalms 138:3, עוֹז־לוֹ רָ֑ךְ Psalms 84:6; Psalms 138:3; so (implic.) of Zion Isaiah 52:1.

of י׳ as strength of his servants Micah 5:3; Isaiah 49:5 Psalms 81:2; Psalms 84:6, also Exodus 15:2 (‖ יְשׁוּעָה) = Isaiah 12:2 = Psalms 118:14, compare Isaiah 45:24, עֹז יְשׁוּעָתִי Psalms 140:8, תִּפְאֶרֶת עֻזָּמוֹ Psalms 89:18; sometimes as their stronghold, for defence Jeremiah 16:19 (+ מָעֻזִּי), Psalms 28:7 (+ מָגִנִּי), v Psalms 28:8 (‖ מָעוֹז). Psalms 46:2 (+ מַחֲסֶה), Psalms 59:10 (reading עֻזִּי, see Comm. and Ginsb^margin; ‖ מִשְׂגַּבִּי), v Psalms 59:18 (‖ the same), compare Proverbs 14:26 (‖ מַחְסֶה); see also sub 1.—Proverbs 24:5 see עַז.

might of י׳ (especially ψψ):

as essential attribute Habakkuk 3:4; Job 12:16 Psalms 62:12; Psalms 63:3; Psalms 68:35; Psalms 93:1; Psalms 96:6 = I Chronicles 16:27; עֹז מֶלֶךְ Psalms 99:4 (title of י׳).

theme of ascription in praise Psalms 29:1 (c. יָהַב) = Psalms 96:7 = I Chronicles 16:28, Psalms 59:17 (c. שִׁיר), Psalms 68:35 (c. נָתַן).

exerted for his people and against his foes Exodus 15:13 (song), Psalms 21:2 (‖ יְשוּעָה), v Psalms 21:14; Psalms 66:3; Psalms 68:29 + v Psalms 68:29 (reading עוֹז for עוּזָּה, see עזז), Psalms 74:13; Psalms 77:15; Psalms 78:26; Psalms 105:4 = I Chronicles 16:11, Ezra 8:22 (+ אַפּוֹ), compare עֹז אַפֶּ֑ךָ Psalms 90:11.

manifested in connex. with the ark, אֲרוֹן עֻזֶּ֑ךָ II Chronicles 6:41 = Psalms 132:8, עֹז = ark Psalms 78:61.

עֹז פָּנָיו = boldness, impudence Ecclesiastes 8:1, changed by wisdom. De Wild al.; < read עַז פ׳ he who is impudent Septuagint Siegf (compare עזז Hiph.).

= stronghold (compare 2 c): Psalms 8:3 out of the mouth of babes … thou hast founded strength, or a stronghold (for thy defence, compare v b), so Ewald De Hup Kau Sch Cheyne Driver, compare Duhm; > praise Vrss Bae.—מָעוֹז see עוז.

עִזּוּז

adjective mighty, powerful;—of an army Isaiah 43:17; of י׳ Psalms 24:8.

עָזָז

n.pr.m. Reubenite name I Chronicles 5:8, Οζουζ, SeptuagintL Ιωαζαζ. (Ginsb^margin. עָזֵז, עָזָן, עַזָּן, compare Baer¹⁰⁰.)

עֻזָּא

n.pr.m. Οζα, Αζα:

driver of the ark II Samuel 6:3 = עֻזָּה v II Samuel 6:6, II Samuel 6:7, Psalms 6:8 = עֻזָּא I Chronicles 13:7, I Chronicles 13:9, I Chronicles 13:10, I Chronicles 13:11.

in גַּן־עֻזָּא burial-place of Manasseh and Amon II Kings 21:18, II Kings 21:26 (ע׳ perhaps = עֻזִּיָּה, compare Stade^{G i. 569, ii. 679} Kittel).

Benjamite name I Chronicles 8:7.

head of family of returned exiles Ezra 2:49 = Nehemiah 7:50.

עֻזָּה

n.pr.m.

Levite name I Chronicles 6:14, Οζ(ι)α, Αζα.

see עֻזָּא.

עֲזַזְיָ֫הוּ

n.pr.m. (י׳ is mighty);—Οζ(ε)ιας (= עֻזִּיָּהוּ):

Levite names:

I Chronicles 15:21 (del. Kittel).

II Chronicles 31:13 (? Kittel).

a Benjamite I Chronicles 27:20 (Kittel עֻזִּיָּהוּ; see also Gray^{Prop. N. 295}).

עֻזִּיאֵל

n.pr.m. (my strength is Ēl);—Οζ(ε)ιηλ:

Levites:

Exodus 6:18, Exodus 6:22 Leviticus 10:4 Numbers 3:19, Numbers 3:30 I Chronicles 5:28; I Chronicles 6:3; I Chronicles 15:10; I Chronicles 23:12, I Chronicles 23:20; I Chronicles 24:24.

I Chronicles 25:4 (= עֲזַרְאֵל v I Chronicles 25:18), Septuagint (Vaticanus) Αζαραηλ.

II Chronicles 29:14.

2. Simeonite I Chronicles 4:42.

Benjamite I Chronicles 7:7.

repairer of wall Nehemiah 3:8.—Vid. יַעֲזִיאֵל.

עֻזִּיָּהוּ

n.pr.m. (my strength is י׳; compare OHeb. עזיו Lidzbarski³³⁸);—

Οζειας, but also Αζαριας: king of Judah = עַזֲרְיָהוּ:

עֻזִּיָּהוּ II Kings 15:32, II Kings 15:34; II Chronicles 26:1, II Chronicles 26:3, II Chronicles 26:8, II Chronicles 26:9, II Chronicles 26:11, II Chronicles 26:14, II Chronicles 26:18^(×2), II Chronicles 26:19, II Chronicles 26:21, II Chronicles 26:22, II Chronicles 26:23; II Chronicles 27:2; Isaiah 1:1; Isaiah 6:1; Isaiah 7:1.

עֻזִּיָּה II Kings 15:13, II Kings 15:30; Hosea 1:1; Amos 1:1; Zechariah 14:5.

עֻזִּיָּהוּ father of an officer of David I Chronicles 27:25.

עֻזִּיָּה Levite name I Chronicles 6:9.

the same: priest with foreign wife Ezra 10:21.

the same: name in Judah Nehemiah 11:4 (also v Nehemiah 11:5 Septuagint for חזיה).—Vid. also יַעֲזִיָּהוּ.

עֻזִּיָּא

n.pr.m. (= foregoing; compare Gray^{Prop. N. 295});—hero of David I Chronicles 11:44, Οζεια(ς).

עֻזִּי

n.pr.m. Οζει:

Levites:

I Chronicles 5:31, I Chronicles 5:32; I Chronicles 6:36; Ezra 7:4.

Nehemiah 11:22.

priestly name Nehemiah 12:19, Nehemiah 12:42.

name in Issachar I Chronicles 7:2, I Chronicles 7:3.

Benjamite name I Chronicles 7:7; I Chronicles 9:8.

עַזְבּוּק²

n.pr.m. father of one Nehemiah, a wall-builder Nehemiah 3:16, Αζαβουχ, SeptuagintL Εζδουκ.

עַזְגָּד

n.pr.m. Ασγαδ, Αζγαδ (Gad is mighty; Gray^{Prop. N. 145});—

head of family returning with Zerub. Ezra 2:12 = Nehemiah 7:17.

returning with Ezra Ezra 8:12.

one of those sealed Nehemiah 10:16.

עַזְמָ֫וֶת

n.pr.m. A SeptuagintL usually Αζμωθ, Ασμωθ:

one of David’s heroes II Samuel 23:31 I Chronicles 11:33, B Ασβωθ.

father of two of David’s men I Chronicles 12:3.

officer of David I Chronicles 27:25.

Benjamite name I Chronicles 8:36; I Chronicles 9:42, B Σαλμω, Γαβαωθ.

עַזְמָ֫וֶת²

n.pr.location see בֵּית־ע׳ p. 112 above

עַזָּן

n.pr.m. οξα, οζα, in Issachar Numbers 34:26.

עֲזֵקָה

n.pr.location Αζηκα, in the Shephelah of Judah, near שׂוֹכֹה, Joshua 10:10, Joshua 10:11, Joshua 15:35, I Samuel 17:1; Jeremiah 34:7; II Chronicles 11:9; Nehemiah 11:30; not identified.

עָזַר

verb help, succour (Mishnaic Hebrew n. עֶזְרָה help; Phoenician in deriv. and cpds. Lidzbarski^{338 f.}; Arabic عَذَرَ excuse, exculpate, also aid; Aramaic ܥܕܰܪ help, Palmyrene עדר, rarely עזר Lidzbarski³³⁸ Cook^89.90);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular with suffix עֲזָרָ֑נִי Psalms 118:13, עֲזָֽרְךָ I Chronicles 12:19; 3rd plural with suffix עֲזָרֻם I Chronicles 12:20, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַעֲזָר־ Isaiah 50:7, Isaiah 50:9, with suffix יַעְזְרֶךָּ Isaiah 44:2; 3rd masculine plural יַעְזֹ֑רוּ Isaiah 30:7; Isaiah 41:6, וַיַּעְזְרוּ I Kings 1:7, with suffix יַעַזְרֻנִי Psalms 119:175, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. with suffix עָזְרֵנִי Psalms 109:26; Psalms 119:86 + Joshua 10:4 Kt, mpl. with suffix עִזְרֻנִי Qr; etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct לַעֲזֹר I Chronicles 22:17, לַעֲזוֹר I Chronicles 18:5, לַעְזֹר Joshua 10:33 + 5 times, לַעְזוֹר II Chronicles 25:8 + II Samuel 18:3 Qr (> Kt לַעֲזִיר Hiph.); with suffix לְעָזְרֵנִי I Chronicles 12:17 + 2 times, etc.; participle (בינוני) active עֹזֵר I Kings 20:16 +, etc.; passive עָזֻר Isaiah 31:3;—help, with a direct object person I Kings 20:16; Joshua 1:14, Isaiah 41:6 + II Chronicles 28:23 reading עֹזְרִים Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 53 o, for Masoretic Text מַעְזְרִים, appar. Hiph.; subj. false gods); with a direct object location (city) Joshua 10:33; especially c. with suffix person Joshua 10:4, Joshua 10:6 (+ הוֹשִׁיעַ; both JE), I Chronicles 12:18, I Chronicles 12:20, I Chronicles 12:23 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:17, I Chronicles 12:19, I Chronicles 12:22), II Chronicles 32:3; Ezra 8:22 (+ מִן of enemy), Ezra 10:15; Daniel 10:13 (subj. Michael); subj. often God (י׳), with a direct object person Psalms 10:14; I Chronicles 15:26, usually with suffix Genesis 49:25 (poem in J), I Samuel 7:12; Isaiah 41:10, Isaiah 41:13, Isaiah 41:14 + 12 times + II Chronicles 26:7 (c. עַל against), Psalms 37:40 (+ פִּלֵּט), Psalms 46:6 (with suffix of city), Psalms 109:26 (‖ הוֹשִׁיעַ); subj. false gods Deuteronomy 32:8; II Chronicles 28:23; c. לְ person II Samuel 8:5 + I Chronicles 18:5 + 4 times + II Samuel 18:3 (read Qr לַעֲזוֹר, or לְעֹזֵר? compare HPS); subj. י׳ Is Isaiah 50:7, Isaiah 50:9; c. עִם person I Chronicles 12:22 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:21; + עַל against); c. אַחֲרֵי person (construct praegn.) I Kings 1:7; c. בְּ person against whom II Chronicles 20:23 (+ inf.); c. בֵּין … לְ, of י׳, II Chronicles 14:10; absolute Isaiah 30:7; II Chronicles 26:13 (+ עַל against), II Chronicles 28:16; ע׳ לְרָעָה Zechariah 1:15 they helped, with evil result; י׳ subj., II Chronicles 25:8 (opposite הַכְשִׁיל); also pt. c. with suffix Ezekiel 30:8 + 3 times; c. לְ person II Kings 14:26 + 5 times; of י׳ Psalms 30:11; Psalms 54:6; absolute Isaiah 31:3; Isaiah 63:5 Jeremiah 47:4 Psalms 22:12; Psalms 107:12; construct עֹזְרֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה I Chronicles 12:1, עֹזְרֵי רָ֑הַב Job 9:13 (see רַהַב); participle (בינוני) passive absolute as noun he who is helped Isaiah 31:3.

past (עבר) וְנֶעֱזָרְ֑תִּי Psalms 28:7 I am helped (sc. by י׳); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural וַיֵּעָֽזְרוּ I Chronicles 5:20 (sc. the same; + עַל against), c. n. cogn. יֵעָֽזְרוּ עֵזֶר מְעָט Daniel 11:34; infinitive (מקור) construct הִפְלִיא לְהֵעָזֵר II Chronicles 26:15 he was wonderfully helped (literally made wonderful to be helped).

doubtful: infinitive (מקור) construct II Samuel 18:3 Kt, participle (בינוני) plural מַעְזְרִים II Chronicles 28:23, see Qal.

עֵ֫זֶר

noun (masc.) ^{Psalms 121:1} help, succour;—ע׳ absolute Genesis 2:18 +, with suffix עֶזְרִי Exodus 18:4, עֶזְרֹה Ezekiel 12:14, etc.;—

help, succour Isaiah 30:5 (‖ הוֹעִיל, opposite בּשֶׁת, חֶרְפָּה), Daniel 11:34; from י׳ Psalms 20:3; Psalms 121:1, Psalms 121:2; Psalms 124:8; in Psalms 89:20 read; נֵזֶר for ע׳ Dy Gratz Kau (עֹז Bi Cheyne), compare Hup; מָגֵן עֶזְר֑ךָ Deuteronomy 33:29) = י׳).

concr. = one who helps (compare i. עֶזְרָה 2) בְּע׳ (בְּ essent., see ב I 7 b, Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 119 h, i) Genesis 2:18, Genesis 2:20 + Hosea 13:9 (read מִי בְע׳ Cheyne Wellhausen Guthe^Kau Nowack); coll. (without בְּ) Ezekiel 12:14 (si vera l.; Co עֹזְרָיו); especially of י׳ ע׳ מִצָּרָיו Deuteronomy 33:7 (poem), ע׳ + מָגֵן Psalms 33:20; Psalms 115:9, Psalms 115:10, Psalms 115:11, + מְפַלֵּט Psalms 70:6; בְּע׳ (see above) Exodus 18:4, Deuteronomy 33:26 (poem), Psalms 146:4. אֶבֶן הָעֵזֶר see אֶבֶן (9).

עֵ֫זֶר²

n.pr.m. (Phoenician and OHeb. עזר Lidzbarski³³⁸);—

a wall-builder Nehemiah 3:19, Αζουρ.

name in Judah I Chronicles 4:4, Αζηρ, Εζερ.

hero of David I Chronicles 12:10 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:9), Αζερ, etc.

עֶ֫זֶר

n.pr.m.

Ephraimite I Chronicles 7:21, Εζερ.

עָ֑זֶר, a priest, Nehemiah 12:42, Ιεζουρ.

עֶזְרָא

n.pr.m. Εσρας, Εσδρας, Εζδρας;

Ezra Ezra 7:1, Ezra 7:10; Ezra 10:1, Ezra 10:2, Ezra 10:5, Ezra 10:6; Nehemiah 8:6; called (ה)סֹּפֵר Ezra 7:6 Nehemiah 8:1, Nehemiah 8:4, Nehemiah 8:5, Nehemiah 8:13; Nehemiah 12:36, הַכֹּהֵן Ezra 10:10, Ezra 10:16; Nehemiah 8:2, Nehemiah 8:9, both Ezra 7:11; Nehemiah 12:26.

priest with Zerub. Nehemiah 12:1, Nehemiah 12:13.

Nehemiah 12:33.

עֶזְרָה

noun (fem.) help, succour, assistance;—absolute ע׳ Isaiah 10:3 +, עֶזְרָת Psalms 60:13; Psalms 108:13 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 80 g), עֶזְרָ֫תָה Psalms 63:8 + 2 times; construct עֶזְרַת Isaiah 31:2 +; with suffix עֶזְרָתִי Psalms 22:20 +, etc.;—

help, succour Isaiah 10:3; Isaiah 20:6 (+ לְהִנָּצֵל), Isaiah 31:1; Jeremiah 37:7;Lamentations 4:17; Job 6:13; II Chronicles 28:21; ע׳ פֹּעֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן Isaiah 31:2 help from, etc.; ע׳ י׳ Judges 5:23^(×2) help of (for) י׳; from י׳ Psalms 22:20, Psalms 38:23; Psalms 40:14 (‖ לְהַצִּילֵנִי), Psalms 70:2 (‖ the same), Psalms 71:12, + מִצָּ֑ר Psalms 60:13 (‖ תְּשׁוּעָה) = Psalms 108:13.

concr., embodied help, one who helps (compare i. עֵזֶר 2):

coll. Job 31:21 when I saw my help (assistance, support) in the gate; בְּע׳ (see i. עֵזֶר 2) Nahum 3:9.

of י׳ Psalms 27:9; Psalms 40:18 (+ מְפַלֵּט), Psalms 46:2 (‖ מַחֲסֶה, עֹז), Psalms 44:27; Psalms 63:8; Psalms 94:17; בְּע׳ Psalms 35:2.

עֶזְרָה²

n.pr.m. Εσρει, Ιεζραα, in Judah I Chronicles 4:17.

עַזּוּר

and (once) עַזֻּר n.pr.m. Αζωρ, Εζερ, Ιαζερ:

father of Hananiah Jeremiah 28:1.

עַזֻּר Ezekiel 11:1.

a chief of people Nehemiah 10:18.

עֲזַרְאֵל

n.pr.m. (Ēl hath helped);—Οζρειηλ, Εζριηλ, etc.:

warrior of David I Chronicles 12:7 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:6).

Levite musician I Chronicles 25:18 (= עֻזִּיאֵל v I Chronicles 25:4), B Αζαρια, A Εζριηλ.

a Danite I Chronicles 27:22, Αζαραηλ, Εζριηλ.

one with foreign wife Ezra 10:41.

priestly name:

Nehemiah 11:13.

Nehemiah 12:36.

עַזְרִיאֵל

n.pr.m. (my help is Ēl);—Εσ(δ)ριηλ, etc.:

Jeremiah 36:26.

a Manassite I Chronicles 5:24.

name in Naphtali I Chronicles 27:19.

עֲזַרְיָ֫הוּ

n.pr.m. (י׳ hath helped); Azariah (OHeb. עזריהו, Phoenician עזרבעל, Old Aramaic הדדעזר, הדעדר, Lidzbarski^{338, 258} Cook⁴²);—Αζαριας:

king of Judah (Assyrian Azriyâʾû COT II Kings 15:1 Jäger^{BAS i. 468}) עֲוַרְיָהוּ II Kings 15:6, II Kings 15:8; עֲוַרְיָה II Kings 14:21; II Kings 15:1, II Kings 15:7, II Kings 15:17, II Kings 15:23, II Kings 15:27; I Chronicles 3:12 (see עֻזִּיָּה).

-יָהוּ officer of Sol. I Kings 4:5.

the same prophet II Chronicles 15:1.

sons of Jehosh.:

the same, II Chronicles 21:2.

-יָה v II Chronicles 21:2.

priests:

-יָהוּ I Kings 4:2 = -יָה I Chronicles 5:36, I Chronicles 5:37; Ezra 7:3.

-יָה I Chronicles 5:35^(×2).

the same, I Chronicles 5:39, I Chronicles 5:40; I Chronicles 9:11; Ezra 7:1.

the same, Nehemiah 10:3.

-יָהוּ II Chronicles 31:10, II Chronicles 31:13, = -יָה II Chronicles 26:17, II Chronicles 26:20.

Levites, -יָהוּ:

II Chronicles 29:12.

v II Chronicles 29:12. -יָה:

I Chronicles 6:21.

-יָהוּ a temple captain II Chronicles 23:1 a (van d. H. -יָה compare Ginsb^margin), v II Chronicles 23:1 b.

-יָה wall-builder Nehemiah 3:23, Nehemiah 3:24.

-יָה one with Zerub. Nehemiah 7:7 (שְׂרָיָה ‖ Ezra 2:2). 10. -יָה Nehemiah 12:33. 11. -יָהוּ Ephraimite II Chronicles 28:12. 12. -יָה name in Judah:

son of Ethan (!) I Chronicles 2:8.

v I Chronicles 2:38, I Chronicles 2:39.*—For עֲזַרְיָה II Chronicles 22:6 read אֲחַזְיָה, compare v II Chronicles 22:7.

עֶזְרִי

n.pr.m. I Chronicles 27:26, Εσδρει, Εζραι.

עַזְרִיקָם

n.pr.m. Εζρεικαν, Εζρικαμ, etc.:

decendant of David I Chronicles 3:23.

prince in Judah II Chronicles 28:7.

Benjamite I Chronicles 8:38; I Chronicles 9:44.

Levite I Chronicles 9:14; Nehemiah 11:15.

עֵט

noun (masc.) ^{Jeremiah 8:8} stylus (√ doubtful; Konig^{ii. 1, 83} (after older authorities) cp. Arabic غوط, غَاطَ sink, penetrate);—ע׳ only construct:

of iron, for use on stone or metal Jeremiah 17:1 (בְּצִפֹּרֶן שָׂמִיר with diamond-point), Job 19:24 (see also חֶרֶט).

probably = reed-pen (used on roll, compare Jeremiah 36:2, Jeremiah 36:23 etc.), ע׳ שֶׁקֶר סֹפְרִים Jeremiah 8:8, figuratively, לְשׁוֹנִי ע׳ סוֹפֵר מָהִיר Psalms 45:1 (compare Nowack^{Arch. i. 290} Benz^{Arch. 290}).

עָטָה

verb wrap oneself, enwrap, envelop oneself (Arabic غَطَا cover, conceal; Aramaic ܥܛܳܐ extinguish, destroy; Assyrian eṭû, be dark, eṭûtu, darkness);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular וְע׳ (consec.) Jeremiah 43:12; 3rd plural וְעָטוּ (consec.) Micah 3:7; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַעְטֶה Leviticus 13:45 + 2 times, וַיַּ֫עַט Isaiah 59:17; 2nd masculine singular תַּעְטֶה Ezekiel 24:17; 3rd masculine plural יַעֲטוּ (Baer יַעְ׳ Psalms 71:13; Psalms 109:29; 2nd masculine plural תַּעְטוּ Ezekiel 24:22; participle (בינוני) active עֹטֶה I Samuel 28:14 Psalms 104:2; fs. עֹטְיָה Song of Songs 1:7;—wrap, envelop oneself with sthg. (direct object, like לבשׁ): וְהוּא עֹטֶה מְעִיל I Samuel 28:14 an old man ascending, and he is enwrapped in a robe; so יַע׳ הָרֹעֶה בִּגְדוֹ Jeremiah 43:12 (sim.), and וְע׳ אֶת־אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם v Jeremiah 43:12 he will wrap himself in the land of Egypt (use it as a robe, figuratively, of Nebuchadnezzar; so completely will it be in his power, Gf); so figuratively of י׳, וַיַּעַט כַּמְעִיל קִנְאָה Isaiah 59:17 (‖ לָבַשׁ), ע׳־אוֹר כַּשַּׂלְמָה Psalms 104:2; of men, כְּבֶגֶד יַע׳ Psalms 109:19 (sim. ‖ לָבַשׁ v Psalms 109:18), וְיַע׳ כַמְעִיל בָּשְׁתָּם v Psalms 109:29 (‖ the same), יַע׳ חֶרְפָּה וגו׳ Psalms 71:13; c. עַל of part covered, in phrase וְעָטוּ עַל־שָׂפָם Micah 3:7 they shall envelop themselves upon their beard (cover the beard, sign of mourning or shame Cheyne Nowack Benz^{Arch. 165} Nowack^{Arch. i. 195}), so Ezekiel 24:17, Ezekiel 24:22 and (of leper) Leviticus 13:45; pt. f. עֹטְיָה Song of Songs 1:7 as noun, one wrapping (a veil about her), that is a mourner; > a harlot (compare Genesis 38:14); but preferably II עטה picked lice.—וַיַּעַט etc., see also עיט; מְעֻטָּה, see מדט.

past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular הֶעֱטִיתָ עָלָיו בּוּשָׁה Psalms 89:46 (of י׳) thou hast wrapped shame upon him (enwrapped him in shame); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular בְּרָכוֹת יַעְטֶה מוֹרֶה Psalms 84:7 early rain enwrappeth (it, עֵמֶק הַבָּכָא v a) with blessings (Septuagint δώσει, as if from Arabic عطو, عَطَا iii, iv. give, compare Ne^{Marg. 41}); read probably also יַעֲטֵנִי Isaiah 61:10 (for Masoretic Text יְעָטָ֑נִי, see יעט) with a robe of rightness he envelopeth me, so Brd Dillmann Ry^Kau Duhm; > Qal past (עבר) עָטָ֑נִי Klostermann Cheyne^Haupt.

עַטָה

verb grasp (Arabic عطو, عَطَا i, vii. take with hands);—

infinitive (מקור) absolute + participle (בינוני) active with suffix וְעֹטְךָ עָטֹה Isaiah 22:17 he shall grasp thee forcibly, compare Gesenius^Comm. Hitzig Ewald De Cheyne^Comm. Dillmann Guthe^Kau; > Gesenius' Thesaurus RobGes Buhl^{Lex (13)} from I. עטה (he shall wrap, roll the tight together); picked lice Jeremiah 43:12 (Bött^{NÄ 163} Septuagint compare Isaiah 22:17 Song of Songs 1:7).

עֲטָרָה

noun (fem.) crown, wreath;—absolute ע׳ Ezekiel 21:31; Song of Songs 3:11; construct עֲטֶרֶת II Samuel 12:30 + 17 times; plural עֲטָרוֹת Zechariah 6:11; Job 31:36, עֲטָרֹת Zechariah 6:14;—crown:

of idol-image (Milcom, Septuagint Wellhausen Klostermann Driver Kittel Löhr HPS) II Samuel 12:30 = I Chronicles 20:2; golden, ע׳ פָּז Psalms 21:4; ע׳ תִּפְאַרְתְּכֶם of king and queen, Jeremiah 13:18 the crown of your splendour; compare Ezekiel 21:31; wedding-crown Song of Songs 3:11.

ע׳ זָהָב Esther 8:15 (of Mordecai); of silver and gold Zechariah 6:11, Zechariah 6:14; ע׳ תִּפְאֶרֶת crown of splendour, on personif. Jerus. Ezekiel 16:12 (in allegory), Jerus. and Samaria Ezekiel 23:42; ע׳ as appos. (= sim.) Job 31:36.

figuratively of honour, etc., Job 19:9 (‖ כְּבוֹדִי) Lamentations 5:16; אֵשֶׁת חַיִל ע׳ בַּעְלָהּ Proverbs 12:4, compare Proverbs 14:24; Proverbs 17:6; ע׳ תִּפְאֶרֶת Proverbs 16:31 (of שֵׂיבָה); gift of wisdom Proverbs 4:9; figuratively of Jerus. Isaiah 62:3 (‖ צְנִיף מְלוּכָה), compare ע׳ גֵאוּת Isaiah 28:1, 3 figuratively of Samaria; figuratively of י׳, ע׳ צְבִי v Isaiah 28:5 (‖ צְפִירַת תִּפְאָרָה).

עֲטָרָה²

n.pr.f. I Chronicles 2:26, Αταρα.

עֲטָרוֹת

and (Numbers 32:34) עֲטָרֹת n.pr.location Αταρωθ, etc.:

E. of Jordan (MI^{10. 11});—

Numbers 32:3 (+ דִּיכוֹן, etc)—mod. Aṭṭarûs, c. 8 miles NNW. from Dibon—built by Gad Numbers 32:34 (+ ד׳, עֲרֹעֵר, and also)

עַטְרֹת שׁוֹפָן v Numbers 32:35 (Sam. ע׳ שפים, see Dillmann; site unknown).

W. of Jordan, conject. as to sites see in Dillmann Buhl^{Geogr. 172}:

on border between Ephr. and Benj. Joshua 16:2, = עַטְרוֹת אַדָּר v Joshua 16:5; Joshua 18:13.

on E. border of Ephr. Joshua 16:7.

עַטְרוֹת בֵּית יוֹאָב I Chronicles 2:54 in Judah; a ‘son’ of Salma (+ Bethlehem, al.).

עַי

n.pr.location Αγγαι (Gn), Γαι:

old Canaanit. city, עַי always c. art. הָעַי (הָעָ֑י Genesis 13:3 +), near Bethel to the SE. (exact site unknown, compare Dillmann Joshua 7:2 Buhl^{Geogr. 177}), Genesis 12:8, Genesis 13:3, Joshua 7:2^(×2), Joshua 7:3, Joshua 7:4, Joshua 7:5; Joshua 8:1^(×2), Joshua 8:2, Joshua 8:3 + 18 times Joshua 8 (+ Qr v Joshua 8:12, Joshua 8:16, but improb., Kt עיר, compare Dillmann), Joshua 9:3; Joshua 10:1^(×2), Joshua 10:2 (all JE), Joshua 12:9, Ezra 2:28 = Nehemiah 7:31; = עַיָּת Isaiah 10:28; עַיָּה (so Baer Ginsb, > עַיָּא van d. H.) Nehemiah 11:31, so read also (for עַזָּה q.see ad fin.) I Chronicles 7:28.

E. Jordan city Jeremiah 49:3 (+ חֶשְׁבוֹן), but read עָר city (?) Gf Rothst^Kau Co (הָעִיר?).

עִי²

עֵיבָל⁴

see עוֹבָל sub עבל.

עַיָּה

עִיּוֹן

n.pr.location Αιν, in Naphtali;—I Kings 15:20 = II Chronicles 16:4; II Kings 15:29 (on II Samuel 24:6 see דָּן p. 193 a above). Perhaps = Tell Dibbin, on the platau Merj ʿayyûn Buhl^{Geogr. 11, 110}), between the Lîṭânî and the Ḥāsbânî (Id. ^{ib. 237 f.}).

עַ֫יִט

noun (masc.) Jeremiah 12:9 bird(s) of prey (from scream);—absolute ע׳ Genesis 15:11 +, עָ֑יִט Job 28:7, c. art. (perhaps) הַע׳ Jeremiah 12:9 b (compare Gie; הַע׳ interrog. v a); construct עֵיט Isaiah 18:6; Ezekiel 39:4;—usually coll. Genesis 15:11, Isaiah 18:6 Job 28:7, עֵיט הָרִים Isaiah 18:6, עֵיט צִפּוֹר כָּל־כָּנָף Ezekiel 39:4; figuratively of foes of Judah Jeremiah 12:9 b; of single bird v Jeremiah 12:9 a (figuratively of Judah), Isaiah 46:11 (figuratively of invader, ‖ אִישׁ עֲצָתִי).

עֵיטָם

n.pr.location (perhaps animal-name, from עַיִט, compare Gray^{Prop. Names 93});—

Ηταμ, SeptuagintL Ιταμ, a cliff, סְעִיף סֶלַע ע׳ Judges 15:8, Judges 15:11 perhaps near town עֵיטָם, see following, but at ʿArāḳ Ismaʿīn near edge of Shephelah, WSW. from Jerus. according to Schick^{ZPV x (1887), 143 ff.}

Αιταν[μ], etc., city fortified by Rehob. II Chronicles 11:6, between Bethlehem and Tekoa, = ʿAinʿAtān c. 2 miles SSW. from B., Buhl^Geogr.92 GFM Judges 15:8, near Ŭrtâs Rob^{BR i. 477}; clan in Judah I Chronicles 4:3.

Αιταν[μ], in Simeon I Chronicles 4:32 (Be [not Oettli Kau Kittel] reads עֵתֶר from Joshua 15:42).

עֵילָם

n.pr.gent. et terr. Elam, Αιλαμ, Ἐλαμεῖται, well-known country and people NE. of Lower Tigris (Assyrian Elamtu Delitzsch^{Pa 320 ff.} COT Genesis 10:22);—as early invaders of Palestin Genesis 14:1, Genesis 14:9, allies of Assyrian Isaiah 22:6; foe of Babylon Isaiah 21:2; abode of dispersed Israelites Isaiah 11:11; prophesied against Jeremiah 49:34, Jeremiah 49:35, Jeremiah 49:36^(×2) (Qr, Kt עולם), v Jeremiah 49:37, Jeremiah 49:38, Jeremiah 49:39 Ezekiel 32:24, compare כָּל־מַלְכֵי ע׳ Jeremiah 25:25; called ‘son’ of Shem Genesis 10:22 = I Chronicles 1:17; purely local designation ע׳ הַמְּדִינָה Daniel 8:2.

עֵילָם²

n.pr.m. Ηλαμ, Αιλαμ:

heads of families of returned exiles:

Ezra 2:7 = Nehemiah 7:12.

Ezra 2:31 = Nehemiah 7:33.

Ezra 8:7; Ezra 10:2 (Qr; Kt עולם), v Ezra 10:26.

a chief of people Nehemiah 10:15.

name in Benjamin I Chronicles 8:24.

Levite name I Chronicles 26:3.

a priest Nehemiah 12:42.

עַ֫יִן

noun (fem.) Genesis 3:7 and (Zechariah 3:9; Zechariah 4:10 Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 75}) m. eye (ancient Sem. word; √ and relation to ii. ע׳ unknown; Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Phoenician ען; Targum עֵינָא, עַיְינָא; Palmyrene עינא, Zinj. with suffix עיני, עינך; Syriac ܥܰܝܢܳܐ; Assyrian ênu, enu, TelAm. with suffix inaya and (appar. Can. gloss) ḫinaya; Arabic عَيْنٌ; Ethiopic ዐይን );—absolute ע׳ Exodus 21:4 +, construct עֵין v Exodus 21:26 +; with suffix עֵינִי Genesis 44:21 + (II Samuel 16:12 read עָנְיִי Vrss Comm.), עֵינֵךָ Deuteronomy 7:16 +, עֵינֵנוּ Psalms 35:21 (II Samuel 20:6 see נצל Hiph.); with suffix 3rd masculine plural עֵינָם Isaiah 13:18 (Zechariah 5:6 read עֲוֹנָם Septuagint Wellhausen Gratz Nowack), עֵינֵמוֹ Psalms 73:7 (but read עֲוֹנָמוֹ see Comm.); usually dual עֵינַיִם Genesis 20:16 +, עֵינָ֑יִם Isaiah 3:16 +, especially construct עֵינֵי Genesis 3:7 +, עֵנֵי Isaiah 3:8; with suffix עֵינַי Genesis 31:10 +, עֵינֶיךָ Judges 6:17 +, etc. (Hosea 10:10 read עֲוֹנֹתָם) compare Septuagint Vulgate Cheyne Wellhausen Gratz Nowack);—eye:

literally as physical organ,

of man Exodus 21:6^(×3), Genesis 3:6 +, Leviticus 21:20; Leviticus 24:20^(×2); Leviticus 26:16 (H; very rarely P, for example Deuteronomy 34:4, Deuteronomy 34:7), II Kings 4:34^(×2) +; once שְׁתֵּי עֵינַי Judges 16:28.

anthropomorph. of י׳ Psalms 33:18; Psalms 34:16 (אֶל) +.

of idols Psalms 115:5; Psalms 135:16.

of beasts Genesis 30:41, Job 40:24 (hippop., si vera l., but probably crpt. Dillmann Siegf Budde Duhm where see conjunction), Job 41:10 (crocod.); bird Job 28:7; Job 39:29; Proverbs 1:17.

in wheels Ezekiel 1:18 compare Ezekiel 10:12; on stone Zechariah 3:9 (all in visions).

subj. of ראה see Genesis 45:12^(×2), + (often Dt), c. חזה Psalms 11:4; men see בְּע׳ Deuteronomy 3:27; II Kings 7:12 +; especially נָשָׂא ע׳ + ראה Genesis 13:10, Genesis 13:14 +; compare לְכָל־מַרְאֵה עֵינֵי הַכֹּהֵן Leviticus 13:12 = as far as the priest can see, מַרְאֵה ע׳ Deuteronomy 28:34 what is seen by the eyes = v Deuteronomy 28:67 Ecclesiastes 6:9.

as affected by sleep, see שֵׁנָה sub [יָשֵׁן].

as weeping, ע׳ מְקוֹר דִּמְעָה Jeremiah 8:23, ע׳ נִגְּרָה Lamentations 3:49, דָּֽלְפָה ע׳ Job 16:20; see also Jeremiah 31:16 Psalms 116:8, and ירד Qal 3 c.

as growing dim, see I. כָּהָה, חָשַׁךְ 3; c. כָּבֵד Genesis 48:10, קוּם I Samuel 4:15 I Kings 14:4, שָׁעַע Isaiah 32:3; Isaiah 6:10 (Hiph.); c. כָּלָה pine, languish, see כ׳ Qal 2 b, Pi. 2 b, c. דָּאַב Psalms 88:10, עָשַׁשׁ Psalms 6:8; Psalms 31:10, דָּלַל Isaiah 38:14.

c. פָּקַח open, after sleep Job 27:19, sleep of death II Kings 4:35; = keep awake Proverbs 20:13 (opposite שֵׁנָה); of new power of vision Genesis 3:5, Genesis 3:7, given by God Genesis 21:19, II Kings 6:17^(×2); so (c. וַיְגַל) Numbers 22:31; = give sight to blind II Kings 6:20^(×2); Isaiah 35:5; Isaiah 42:7 Psalms 146:8; of God (י׳) opening his eyes, פָּקַח ע׳ II Kings 19:16 = Isaiah 37:17, Daniel 9:18, + עַל־ Jeremiah 32:19; Zechariah 12:4; Job 14:3 שִׂים ע׳ עַל Genesis 44:21 Jeremiah 39:12; Jeremiah 40:4, + לטובה Jeremiah 24:6, + לרעה Amos 9:4; c. פָּתַח, + אֶל־ I Kings 8:29 = II Chronicles 6:20; I Kings 8:52; Nehemiah 1:6, + ל II Chronicles 6:40; II Chronicles 7:15; + inf. Nehemiah 1:6.

אוֹר ע׳ etc., = revive, see אור verb Qal, Hiph.; noun, 10.

קָרַץ ע׳ = wink Psalms 35:19; Proverbs 10:10, ק׳ בְּע׳ Proverbs 6:13.

יִרְזְמוּן ע׳ Job 15:12 that is roll (in anger).

לָטַשׁ ע׳ ל׳ Job 16:9 whet eyes against = ‘look daggers at.’

put out eye, see עִוֵּר, נקר.

as feature of beauty, יְפֵה ע׳ Deuteronomy 16:12; compare Song of Songs 4:9; Song of Songs 7:5, ע׳ יוֹנִים Song of Songs 1:15; Song of Songs 4:1 and Song of Songs 5:12 (כְּיוֹנִים); on other hand, ע׳ לֵאָה רַכּוֹת Genesis 29:17; וַתָּשֶׂם בַּפּוּךְ ע׳ †II Kings 9:30 (see פּוּךְ), compare Jeremiah 4:30, כָּחַל ע׳ Ezekiel 23:40 paint the eyes †.

apple of the eye, see אִישׁוֹן, [בָּבָה], בַּת 6.

גַּבֹּת ע׳ Leviticus 14:9 eyebrows.

חַכְלִילִי ע׳ מִיָּ֑יִן Genesis 49:12, חַכְלִילוּת ע ׳ Proverbs 23:29 (see ח׳); מְאוֹר ע׳ Proverbs 15:30, see Toy.—see שׁתם for Numbers 24:3, Numbers 24:15.

eyes as shewing mental qualities: arrogance ע׳ גַבְהוּת Isaiah 2:11, ע׳ גְבֹהִים Isaiah 5:15, גְּבַהּ־ע׳ Psalms 101:5, תִּפְאֶרֶת רוּם ע׳ Isaiah 10:12; c. רוּם also Psalms 18:28 (so read also ‖ II Samuel 22:28 Hup HPS), Psalms 131:1 Proverbs 6:17; Proverbs 21:4; humility, שַׁח ע׳ Job 22:29; mockery, ע׳ תִּלְעַג לְ Proverbs 30:17; compare רָעָה ע׳ בְּ Deuteronomy 15:9 (grudging), Deuteronomy 28:54, Deuteronomy 28:56 (the same); especially (עַל) ע׳ אַל־תָּחֹס not have pity on Deuteronomy 7:16 + 4 times Dt, Ezekiel 5:11 + 8 times Ez, Isaiah 13:18, also Genesis 45:20 (E; = not regret); compare נֹחַם יִסָּתֵר מֵע׳ Hosea 13:14.

מַחְמַד ע׳ Ezekiel 24:16 desire of the eyes, so v Ezekiel 24:21, Ezekiel 24:25; שִׁקּוּצֵי ע׳ Ezekiel 20:7 abominations of the eyes, so v Ezekiel 20:3.—Psalms 73:7 see חֵלֶב.

Fig. of mental and spiritual faculties, acts and states:

תִּפָּקַחְנָה ע׳ Genesis 3:5, Genesis 3:7 Isaiah 42:7, גִּלוּי ע׳ Numbers 24:4, Numbers 24:16; also טַח מֵרְאוֹת ע׳ Isaiah 44:18; ע׳ אֶל־י׳ Psalms 123:2 (see v Psalms 123:2^(×2) for origin of figuratively), +; of י׳, Psalms 33:18 (that is his favour) Psalms 34:16 (the same) +.

ע׳ הַזֹּנוֹת Ezekiel 6:9; תִּשְׂבַּע ע׳ Ecclesiastes 1:8; Ecclesiastes 4:8; שָֽׁאֲלוּ ע׳ Ecclesiastes 2:10; ע׳ לְנֹכַח יַבִּיטוּ Proverbs 4:25; טוֹב־ע׳ Proverbs 22:9 = bountiful, רַע עָ֑יִן Proverbs 23:6 = niggardly one, so Proverbs 28:22; eye as avenue of temptation Job 31:1, Job 31:7; שִׁית ע׳ Psalms 17:11 = design.

especially בְּעֵינֵי, c. adjective and intrans. verbs, in the view, opinion, of Genesis 16:4, Genesis 16:5, Genesis 21:11, Genesis 21:12, Genesis 34:18, + often; c. active verb II Samuel 10:3 = I Chronicles 19:3; Esther 1:17; Esther 3:6; הַטּוֹב בְּע׳ Genesis 16:6; Genesis 19:14, +, that is what one pleases, Numbers 36:6 whom they please; הַיָּשָׁר בְּע׳ Deuteronomy 12:8, Deuteronomy 12:25 +, הַטּוֹב וְהַיָּשָׁר בְּע׳ v Deuteronomy 12:28 Joshua 9:25, הָרַע בְּע׳ Judges 2:11; Judges 3:7; Deuteronomy 4:25 + especially D and K (R^D); so לְנֶגֶד עיניו II Samuel 22:25 = Psalms 18:25; אַחֲרֵי עֵינֵיכֶם Numbers 15:39 = according to your wish, fancy (+ לְבַבְכֶם).

נֶעְלָם מֵע׳ Leviticus 4:13 that is hid from knowledge of, so Numbers 5:13 (both P), Job 28:21; מֵע׳ Numbers 15:24 without the knowledge of; אַעְלִים ע׳ מִן Isaiah 1:15 = disregard, pay no attention; compare Leviticus 20:4 Ezekiel 22:26; without מִן, absolute, Proverbs 28:27; נִסְתְּרוּ מֵע׳ Isaiah 65:16, וַיַּסְתֵּר עָמָל מֵע׳ Job 3:10; אַעְלִים ע׳ בּוֹ (that is בַּכֹּפֶר) I Samuel 12:3 (נעלים sandals + ענו בי Septuagint Th Wellhausen Kittel, compare Ecclus^{xlvi. 19}; Budde HPS ins. ענו בי); הַשֹּׁחַד יְעַוֵּר ע׳ Deuteronomy 16:19, compare כְּסוּת ע׳ Genesis 20:16.

Transferred meanings:

visible surface of earth Exodus 10:5, Exodus 10:15 Numbers 22:5, Numbers 22:11.

appearance Leviticus 13:5 (P; reading בְּעֵינוֹ Dillmann Kau Driver-Wh), v Leviticus 13:37 (P; reading the same), v Leviticus 13:55 Numbers 11:7^(×2); so appar. dual I Samuel 16:7.

gleam, sparkle (of metal, jewels, etc.) Ezekiel 1:4, Ezekiel 1:7, Ezekiel 1:16, Ezekiel 1:22, Ezekiel 1:27; Ezekiel 8:2; Ezekiel 10:9 Daniel 10:6; of wine Proverbs 23:31.

Other phrases are: ע׳ תַּחַת ע׳ Exodus 21:24 = Leviticus 24:20, = ע׳ בְּע׳ Deuteronomy 19:21, all = an eye for an eye; ע׳ בְּע׳ = eye to eye, Numbers 14:14 Isaiah 52:8 (figuratively), compare וְע׳ אֶת־ע׳ תִּרְאֶינָה Jeremiah 32:4; Jeremiah 34:3; especially לְעֵינֵי in the presence of, in full view of Genesis 42:24 Genesis 47:19 Exodus 4:30 Numbers 19:5, + often of business transaction Jeremiah 32:12^(×2); Genesis 23:11, Genesis 23:18; so נֶגֶד ע׳ Joel 1:16, לְנֶגֶד ע׳ Job 4:16, בְּע׳ Joshua 3:7; Joshua 4:14 I Samuel 21:14 Ezra 3:12; נִגְרַזְתִּי מִנֶּגֶד ע׳ Psalms 31:23; בֵּין ע׳ = on the forehead Exodus 13:9, Exodus 13:16 Deuteronomy 6:8; Deuteronomy 11:18; Deuteronomy 14:1; Daniel 8:5, Daniel 8:21.

עַ֫יִן²

noun (fem.) spring (of water) (connexion with i. ע׳ doubtful; Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Phoenician ען; Assyrian ênu, înu; Arabic عَيْنٌ; Ethiopic ዐይን; Palmyrene עינא, Targum עֵינָא, עַיְינָא; Syriac ܥܰܝܢܳܐ );—absolute ע׳ I Samuel 29:1 +, עָ֑יִן Genesis 49:22 +, הָעַ֫יְנָה Genesis 24:16, Genesis 24:45; construct עֵין v Genesis 24:13 +; plural עֲיָנֹת Deuteronomy 8:7, -וֹת II Chronicles 32:3; construct עֵינוֹת Exodus 15:27 = Numbers 33:9, עִינוֹת Proverbs 8:28 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) §93 v);—spring Genesis 16:7; Genesis 24:16, Genesis 24:29, Genesis 24:30, Genesis 24:42, Genesis 24:45 (all J) Genesis 49:22 (poem in J), I Samuel 29:1; עֵין הַמַּיִם Genesis 16:7; Genesis 24:13, Genesis 24:43, compare Exodus 15:27 Numbers 33:9; נַחֲלֵי מַיִם ע׳ וּתְהֹמֹת Deuteronomy 8:7; מֵימֵי הָעֲיָנוֹת II Chronicles 32:3; ע׳ תְּהוֹם Proverbs 8:28 (that is of the sea); figuratively עֵין יַעֲקֹב Deuteronomy 33:28 (poem), that is Jacob’s descendants. Particular springs are:

ע׳ חֲרֹד Judges 7:1 (on location compare GFM).

ע׳ הַקּוֹרֵא (partridge-spring) Judges 15:19 (compare the same).

ע׳ רֹגֵל near Jerus. (early sanctuary Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 157, 2nd ed. 172}) II Samuel 17:17 compare I Kings 1:9, on border of Judah Joshua 15:7, and Benj. Joshua 18:16.

ע׳ הַתַּנִּין (dragonspring) Nehemiah 2:13 (= c.? so Robertson Smith^l.c.).—On שַׁעַר הָעַיִן Nehemiah 2:14; Nehemiah 3:15; Nehemiah 12:37 see שַׁעַר.

עַ֫יִן³

n.pr.location

לָעָ֑יִן, on NE. border of Can. Numbers 34:11, Septuagint ἐπὶ πηγάς.

in Negeb of Judah Joshua 15:32 (+ וְרִמּוֹן), Levit. city Joshua 21:16 (but SeptuagintB Ασα read עָשָׁן, as I Chronicles 6:44), appar. =

I Chronicles 19:7 (+ ר׳; assigned to Simeon), וָע׳ ר׳ I Chronicles 4:32 (read probably וְעֵין ר׳); probably mod. Umm er-Ramāmīn, c. 18 mils SW. from Hebron, Buhl^Geogr.183.—Vid. עֵין רִמּוֹן.

עֵין גֶּ֫דִי

n.pr.location Ενγαδδει, etc.; Joshua 15:62: מְצָדֹת עֵין גֶּדִ֑י I Samuel 24:1, מִדְבַּר ע׳ I Samuel 24:2, כַּרְמֵי ע׳ Song of Songs 1:14; ע׳ = חַצְצוֹן תָּמָר (q.see) according to II Chronicles 20:2; עֵין גֶּ֨דִי֨ Ezekiel 47:10; mod. ʿAin ǧidî, on W. shore of Dead Sea, GASm^{Geogr. 269 f., 512} Buhl^{Geogr. 41, 164 f.}

עֵין גַּנִּים

n.pr.location

in the Shephelah of Judah Joshua 15:34, perhaps Umm-ǧîna, c. 1 mile S. of W. from Bethshemesh ClGann Buhl^{Geogr. 194 f.}.

in Issachar 19:21 (A Ηνγαννιμ), Levit. city 21:29 (πηγὴν γραμμάτων); hence by textual error עָנֵם I Chronicles 6:58; Ǧennin, near SE. end of plain of Jezreel, c. 15 m. NNE. from Samaria, Buhl^{Geogr. 202}

עֵין מִשְׁפָּט

n.pr.location Genesis 14:7 = (בַּרְנֵעַ) קָדֵשׁ q.see (Septuagint τὴν πηγὴν τὴν κρίσεως; on signif. of name compare Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 165, 2nd ed. 181}).

עֵין תַּפּוּחַ

n.pr.location see iii. תַּפּוּחַ sub נפח.

עֵינַ֫יִם

n.pr.location (on form see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 88 c);—Genesis 38:14, Genesis 38:21, Αιναν = following.

עֵינָם

n.pr.location in the Shephelah of Judah, הָע׳ Joshua 15:34 (Μαιανει, A SeptuagintL Ηναειμ) = עֵינַיִם.

עֵינָן

n.pr.m. Αιναν, name in Naphtali Numbers 1:15; Numbers 2:29; Numbers 7:78, Numbers 7:83; Numbers 10:27.—Vid. also חֲצַר עֵינוֹן.

עֵינוֹן

see חֲצַר עֵינוֹן.

עִיף

= II. עוּף q.see for עֵיפָה, עֵיפַי etc.

עִיף²

verb be faint (compare Syriac ܥܳܦ 3, Payne Smith (Syriac Thesaurus)²⁸³⁵; ‖ form of יעף q.see; occurrences doubtful);—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular עָֽיְפָה נַפְשִׁי לְ Jeremiah 4:31 (? read עֲיֵפָה); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיָּ֫עַף Judges 4:21 (< וְיָעֵף GFM Budde), I Samuel 14:28 (del. Wellhausen Budde Kittel Löhr, emend. HPS), v I Samuel 14:31 (read וַיִּעַף [√ יעף] Buhl HPS), II Samuel 21:15 (corrupt, HPS; for Philist. name Wellhausen Driver Budde Kittel).

עָיֵף

adjective faint, weary;—ע׳ absolute Genesis 25:29 +; f. עֲיֵפָה Jeremiah 31:25 +; plural עֲיֵפִים Judges 8:4 +;—from exertion and hunger Genesis 25:29, Genesis 25:30, Judges 8:4, Judges 8:5; Deuteronomy 25:18 (+ יָגֵעַ), compare Isaiah 5:27, הָנִיחוּ לֶע׳ Isaiah 28:12 (figuratively), II Samuel 16:14 (si vera l., n.pr.location needed, compare Wellhausen Driver HPS); + רָעֵב, צָמֵא II Samuel 17:29; specif. from thirst Isaiah 29:8 (sim.), Job 22:7, נֶפֶשׁ ע׳ Proverbs 25:25 and (figuratively) Jeremiah 31:25 (‖ דָּֽאֲבָה); hence אֶרֶץ צִיָּה וְעָיֵף Psalms 63:2 (figuratively, on masculine see Konig^{Synt.§ 334 f.}), compare Psalms 143:6 (sim.), Isaiah 32:2 (opposite צֵל, in sim.); ע׳ sc. beast Isaiah 46:1.—Vid. also foregoing.

עִיר²

see sub I. עור.

עִיר³

noun (fem.) Genesis 10:12 (Albrecht^{journal ZAW xvi. 49 f.}) city, town (√ unkn.; Mishnaic Hebrew the same;? Phoenician ער Lidzbarski³⁴⁵; Sab. ער fortified height (compare 3) Prä^{ZMG xxvi (1872), 437}, ערן, עהרן city CIS^{iv. pp. 94, 95, 173});—ע׳ absolute Genesis 4:17 +, construct Genesis 24:10 +; הָעִ֫ירָה I Kings 14:12 + 7 times; with suffix עִירִי II Samuel 19:38 + 2 times, etc.; plural עָרִים Isaiah 6:11 +, עֲיָרִים Judges 10:4 (textual error, or word-play, compare GFM); construct עָרֵי Genesis 19:29 +; with suffix עָרַי Zechariah 1:17, עָרֵיכֶם Isaiah 1:7 +, etc.;—

city, town, abode of men Genesis 4:17 and often; גְּדֹלָה Genesis 10:12, +, or קְטַנָּה Ecclesiastes 9:14 (compare Genesis 19:20); especially

fortified: עָרִים בְּצֻרוֹת II Samuel 20:6 +, etc., see בָּצַר, מִבְצָר; עִיר מִבְצַר־צֹר Joshua 19:29 fortified city (of) Tyre, ע׳ מָצוֹר Psalms 31:22 +, etc., see מָצוֹר, מְצוּרָה sub צוּר (Micah 7:12 see מָצוֹר p. 596 a); ע׳ עָז־לָנוּ Isaiah 26:1, עָרֵי מָעוּזּוֹ Isaiah 17:9; ע׳ דְּלָתַים וּבְרִיחַ I Samuel 23:7; ע׳ חוֹמָה Leviticus 25:29, compare v Leviticus 25:30, I Kings 4:13; on Hosea 10:14 see i. עַם 2 b (I Samuel 9:14 read הַשַּׁעַר Septuagint Wellhausen Driver al.).

opposite כֹּפֶר הַפְּרָוִי I Samuel 6:18, עָרֵי הַפּ׳ Deuteronomy 3:5, ע׳ הַפְּרָזוֹת Esther 9:19; disting. from dependencies חֲצֵרִים Joshua 13:23 + often P

עָרֶיהָ are dependent towns Joshua 13:17, Jeremiah 19:15.

עָרֵי הַמַּמְלָכָה Joshua 10:2 royal cities (that is with a king, compare Tel Am. al šarri;), so singular I Samuel 27:5, opposite עָרֵי הַשָּׂדֶה v I Samuel 27:5 rural towns; ע׳ הַמְּלוּכָה II Samuel 12:26 (but read ע׳ הַמַּיִם Wellhausen Budde Kittel Löhr HPS, see 2 below).

עָרֵי מִסְכְּנוֹת Exodus 1:11 storage-cities, so I Kings 9:19 = II Chronicles 8:6; II Chronicles 8:4; II Chronicles 17:12; for מ׳ ע׳ נַפְתָּלִי II Chronicles 16:4 read probably כִּנְרוֹת עַל־וגו׳ (as I Kings 15:20; Be Kittel Buhl); compare ע׳ הָרֶכֶב I Kings 9:19; I Kings 10:26 = II Chronicles 8:6; II Chronicles 9:25; II Chronicles 1:14; ע׳ הַפָּרָשִׁים I Kings 9:19 = II Chronicles 8:6.

ע׳ (הַ)מִקְלָט asylum-cities Numbers 35:11, Numbers 35:13, Numbers 35:14; Joshua 20:2, compare Numbers 35:25, Numbers 35:26, Numbers 35:27, Numbers 35:28, Numbers 35:32, ע׳ לְמִקְלָט v Numbers 35:12; ע׳ מִקְלַט הָרֹצֵחַ Joshua 21:13 + 4 times Joshua 21:21.

ע׳ (הָ)אֱלֹהִים = Jerus.: Psalms 46:5; Psalms 87:3, compare Psalms 48:2, Psalms 48:9; ע׳ י׳ Isaiah 60:14 Psalms 101:8; ע׳ י׳ צְבָאוֹת Psalms 48:9.

city = inhabitants I Samuel 4:13; I Samuel 5:12; Isaiah 22:2 Ruth 1:19, so II Samuel 20:22 (reading הָעִיר for Masoretic Text הָעָם) Septuagint Wellhausen Driver al. (compare also following).

combinations are: ע׳ רֹכְלִים Ezekiel 17:4 city of merchants; ע׳ מוֹשָׁב Psalms 107:4, Psalms 107:7, Psalms 107:36 city for dwelling; especially of character or condition: †ע׳ הַצֶּדֶק Isaiah 1:26, †ע׳ הָאֱמֶת Zechariah 8:3; †ע׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Isaiah 48:2; Isaiah 52:1 Nehemiah 11:1, Nehemiah 11:18, compare Daniel 9:24, all of Jerus.; עָרֵי קָדְשֶׁ֑ךָ Jeremiah 5:17 of Judaean cities; of foreign cities, ע׳ תְּהִלָּה Jeremiah 49:25, הַהֻלָּלָה הָע׳ Ezekiel 26:17, הָע׳ הָעַלִּיזָה Zephaniah 2:15; of Jerus. also הָע׳ הַיּוֹנָה Zephaniah 3:1 oppressive city, ע׳ (הַ)דָּמִים bloody city Ezekiel 22:2; Ezekiel 24:6, Ezekiel 24:9 and (of Nineveh) Nahum 3:1.

of fortress in a city especially עִיר דָּוִד II Samuel 5:7, II Samuel 5:9; II Samuel 6:10 + often (see דָּוִד); ע׳ בֵּית הַבָּ֑עַל II Kings 10:25 (crpt.; Klostermann proposes דְּבִיר for ע׳, compare Kmp Benz Kittel); ע׳ הַמַּיִם II Samuel 12:27 (so read also v II Samuel 12:26, see 1 d).

appar. fortified place, of any size, בְּכָל־עָרֵיהֶם מִמִּגְדַּל נוֹצְרִים עַד־ עִיר מִבְצָר II Kings 17:9 = II Kings 18:8; compare Numbers 13:9 (P; but on comp. of ver. see Dillmann); perhaps also ע׳ עֲמָלֵק I Samuel 15:5 (HPS).—Hosea 7:4 see I. עור Hiph.

עִיר הַהֶרֶס

see הֶרֶס.

עִיר נָחָשׁ

as n.pr.m. see ii. נָחָשׁ.

עִיר⁴

n.pr.m. in בְּנֵי ע׳ I Chronicles 7:12, text doubtful, see Be Kau.

עַ֫יִר

noun (masc.) ^{Genesis 32:16} male ass (young and vigorous);—plural וַעְיָרִם Genesis 32:16; with suffix עִירֹה Genesis 49:11 (poem; ‖ בְּנִי אֲתֹנוֹ); construct עַיִר פֶּרֶא (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 131 c N. 2; or appos. Konig^{Synt.§ 333 s} Dillmann al.) Job 11:12 wild ass’s colt; plural עֲיָרִים, for riding Judges 10:4 (v Judges 10:4 b see ii. עִיר), עֲיָרִם Judges 12:14, singular absolute עַיִר Zechariah 9:9; עֲיָרִים for carrying Isaiah 30:6 Qr (Kt עורים), עֲיָרִם for tillage v Isaiah 30:24.

עִירָא

n.pr.m. (see Sab. n.pr.m. עיר Hal¹⁶⁹);—

כֹּהֵן (q.see 1) of David II Samuel 20:26; on poss. ident. with 2 b see Th Klostermann HPS, opposite Wellhausen Driver; Ειρας, SeptuagintL Ιωδαε.

heroes of David (Ειρας, etc., SeptuagintL Ιδαε, Οιαδ, etc.):

II Samuel 23:26 = I Chronicles 11:28; I Chronicles 27:9.

II Samuel 23:38 = I Chronicles 11:40.

עִירָד

n.pr.m. a Cainite Genesis 4:18^(×2) Γαιδαδ.

עִירוּ

n.pr.m. in Judah I Chronicles 4:15, Ηρ(α).

עִירָם

n.pr.m. in Edom Genesis 36:43 = I Chronicles 1:54, Ζαφω(ε)ιν (A Gn Ηραμ).

עֵירֹם²

see II. עור.

עַ֫יִשׁ

noun (fem.) a constellation, perhaps Great Bear (compare especially Dillmann) (point perhaps עִיֻּשׁ (see Budde and reff.), compare Syriac ܥܺܝܽܘܬܳܐ Payne Smith (Syriac Thesaurus)²⁸⁶⁶, ܥܝܽܘܬܳܐ Brockelmann., name of a star);—וְע׳ עַל־בָּנֶיהָ Job 38:32 = עָשׁ Job 9:9 (both + כִּימָה, כְּסִיל etc.).

עַכְבּוֹר

n.pr.m. (mouse, compare עַכְבָּר, see Gray^{Prop. N. 93}; עכבר OH and Phoenician as n.pr. Lidzbarski ³⁴⁰ (compare also on simil. Lat. n.pr. Cl-Gann^{JAs 1883, Fev.–Mar. 128}));—Septuagint Αχοβωρ:

Edomite Genesis 36:38, Genesis 36:39 = עַכְבֹּר I Chronicles 1:49 (Baer Ginsb).

courtier of Josiah II Kings 22:12, II Kings 22:14, perhaps also Jeremiah 26:22; Jeremiah 36:12 (compare Gie and Ency. Bib.).

עַכָּבִישׁ

noun (masc.) spider (Targum עַכּוּבִיתָא, עַכָּבִיתָא; whence Arabic عَنْكَبُوتٌ as loan-wd.; Mishnaic Hebrew עַכְשׁוּב probably tarantula, according to Levy^{NHWB iii. 648});—בֵּית ע׳ Job 8:14 that is web, so probably Job 27:18 (reading ע׳ for Masoretic Text עָשׁ); compare קוּרֵי ע׳ Isaiah 59:5 filaments of a spider.

עַכּוֹ

n.pr.location Ακχω, Acco, in Asher, Ju Isaiah 1:31, + Joshua 19:30, reading ע׳ for Masoretic Text עֻמָּה, Dillmann Kau Benn Ency. Bib., after Septuagint Codd.; a seaport N. of Carmel (= Acre, Ptolemais), mod. ʿAkka, compare Buhl^{Geogr. 228} (Egyptian ʿA-ka, ’Ακη WMM^{As. u. Eur. 181}; Assyrian Akkû, COT^Gloss, TelAm. Ak-ka).

עָכָן

n.pr.m. man of Judah;—Joshua 7:1, v Joshua 7:18, Joshua 7:19, Joshua 7:20, Joshua 7:24, Joshua 22:20; = עָכָר I Chronicles 2:7 (from עָבוֹר Joshua 7:26, see also עָכָר); Αχαρ, Αχαν.

עַכְסָה

n.pr.f. daughter of Caleb Joshua 15:16, Joshua 15:17 = Judges 1:12, Judges 1:13; I Chronicles 2:49, Ασχα, Αχσα, Αζα, Οξα.

עָכַר

verb stir up, disturb, trouble (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, make turbid; Arabic عَكِرَ be turbid);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ע׳ I Samuel 14:29; 2nd masculine singular with suffix עֲכַרְתָּ֔נִי Joshua 7:25, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix יַעְכָּרְךָ v Joshua 7:25; participle (בינוני) עֹכֵר I Kings 18:17 + 3 times, עוֹכֵר I Chronicles 2:7; plural with suffix עֹכְרָ֑י Judges 11:35;—disturb, trouble, with a direct object person Genesis 34:30, Joshua 6:18; Joshua 7:25^(×2) (all JE; v Joshua 7:25 subj. י׳), Judges 11:35; compare Proverbs 11:17 (opposite גֹּמֵל), v Proverbs 11:29; Proverbs 15:27 (opposite חָיָה); ע׳ יִשְׂרָאֵל I Kings 18:17, I Kings 18:18; I Chronicles 2:7 (compare Joshua 6:18 etc., above); ע׳ אֶת־הָאָרֶץ I Samuel 14:29.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular וּכְאֵבִי נֶעְכָּ֑ר Psalms 39:3 my pain was stirred up; participle (בינוני) f. נֶעְכָּ֑רֶת Proverbs 15:6 usually as n. abstr. disturbance, calamity, but < read וּתְבוּאַת רָשָׁע נִכְרָ֑ת[ה] the income of the wicked is cut off (Toy).

עָכוֹר

n.[m.] disturbance, trouble, only in עֵמֶק ע׳ valley of trouble, W. or SW. from Jericho Joshua 7:24, Joshua 7:26 (JE; name explained), on border of Judah Joshua 15:7, compare Hosea 2:17; Isaiah 65:10; on identif. compare especially Dillmann Joshua 7:24 Buhl^{Geogr. 98}; Εμεκαχωρ, φάραγξ (or κοίλας) Αχωρ.

עָכָר

n.pr.m. see עָכָן.

עָכְרָן

n.pr.m. name in Asher Numbers 1:13; Numbers 2:27; Numbers 7:72, Numbers 7:77; Numbers 10:26; Εχραν.

עַכְשׁוּב

noun (masc.) usually asp, viper (so Septuagint Vulgate; perhaps conject. from sense and ‖ נָחָשׁ), but perhaps = (? crpt. for) עַכָּבִישׁ spider (q.see; compare Targum^{ad location});—חֲמַת ע׳ Psalms 140:4 a viper’s (? spider’s) venom is under their lips (see especially Cheyne and reff.).

עַל

עֹל

see III. עלל.

עֻלָּא

n.pr.m. in Asher I Chronicles 7:39, Ωλα.

עָלָה

verb go up, ascend, climb (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; MI ^{33 (?)}; Phoenician עלה; Assyrian elû; Arabic عَلَا; Targum and Syriac in der. species; compare perhaps Ethiopic ለዐለ: (for ለዐዐለ: ዐልዐለ: Dillmann ⁵⁴); Sab. עלי = عَلَّى DHM^{ZMG xxxvii. 415}, compare עלוהו = عُلْوَهُ Sab Denkm ⁹¹);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ע׳ Genesis 19:15 +; 3rd feminine singular עָֽלְתָה Genesis 40:10 +; עָלָ֑תָה Jeremiah 14:2 I Samuel 1:22; 2nd masculine singular עָלִיתָ Genesis 49:4 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַעֲלֶה Genesis 2:6 +, יַ֫עַל Genesis 44:33 +, וַיַּעַל Genesis 13:1 +; with suffix יַעֲלֶנָּה Isaiah 35:9, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute עָלֹה Genesis 46:4 + 2 times; construct עֲלוֹת Genesis 32:25 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) עֲלֵה Genesis 35:1 +; fs. עֲלִי Numbers 21:17 +, plural עֲלוּ Genesis 44:17 +; participle (בינוני) עֹלֶה Genesis 38:13 +; עוֹלֶה Isaiah 24:18 +, plural עֹלִים Genesis 28:12 +, etc.;—

of persons, go up, ascend, in local relations:

from low place to high, c. מִן, מִמִּצְרַיִם Genesis 45:25 + 6 times; מארץ מצרים Exodus 13:18 + 3 times; †מִבָּבֶל Ezra 7:6; Ezra 8:1; מִן הירדן Joshua 4:16, Joshua 4:17, Joshua 4:19; ם(ן־ה)מדבר Song of Songs 3:6; Song of Songs 8:5 etc.

out of a place, c. מִן, מִן הארץ I Samuel 28:13; מֵהַבְּאֵר II Samuel 17:21; הַפַּחַת (תּוֹךְ)םִ Isaiah 24:18 Jeremiah 48:44.

with a direct object of place whither: a city ביתאל Genesis 35:1, Genesis 35:3; באר שׁבע Genesis 26:23; a mountain ההר Numbers 13:17 Deuteronomy 1:24 +, etc.; a bed Genesis 49:4^(×2) II Kings 1:4, II Kings 1:16, gate Ruth 4:1; (הַ)שָּׁיִם Deuteronomy 30:12; II Kings 2:11 Amos 9:2 + 4 times; c. אֶל־, אל (ה)הר Exodus 19:23; Exodus 34:2, Exodus 34:4 Exodus 24:15, Exodus 24:18 + 5 times P; אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם Deuteronomy 17:8, אל ירושׁלם Ezra 7:7; Isaiah 2:3 = Micah 4:2 (אל הר), with a direct object location + אֶל־י׳ (see 2 b) Jeremiah 31:6, of going up to Jerusalem (from a distance), etc.; c. לְ to, לירושׁלם Ezra 1:3 (from Babylon); לבית I Samuel 25:35, etc.; c. עַד unto, עד־נחל Numbers 32:9; †c. בְּ, בְּאַחַת עָרֵי II Samuel 2:1 (construct praegn.); בְּבעל פְּרָצִים I Chronicles 14:11, בָּהָר Deuteronomy 5:5; בְּגֹרָלִי Judges 1:3.

to sacred places, Exodus 34:24, with a direct object †בית יהוה, from palace II Kings 19:14; II Kings 20:5, II Kings 20:8; II Kings 23:2; II Chronicles 29:20; II Chronicles 34:30; Isaiah 37:14; Isaiah 38:22 Jeremiah 26:10; במה I Samuel 9:13, I Samuel 9:14, I Samuel 9:19; c. אֶל, אל הר האלהים Exodus 24:13; בּבית י׳ I Samuel 1:7 (בּ dittogr.); בהר יהוה Psalms 24:3.

with a direct object דֶּרֶךְ by the way to †Numbers 21:33 Deuteronomy 3:1; Judges 8:11; I Samuel 6:9; II Kings 3:8; מעלה Jeremiah 48:5; חוֹמָה Joel 2:7.

ascent, climb, c. בְּ by, a ladder Genesis 28:12, Ezekiel 40:6, Ezekiel 40:22, Ezekiel 40:49, etc.; c. עַל upon, altar by (ב) steps, of priest, Exodus 20:20 (Gi van d. H. v Exodus 20:23; E) the roof Joshua 2:8 Judges 9:51, bed Psalms 132:3; עַל־יָדָיו on his hands I Samuel 14:13; על במתי עב Isaiah 14:14 (‖ ממעל לכוכבי אֵל), etc.

go up, in personal relations:

to meet or visit, c. אֶל person, Genesis 44:17, Genesis 44:24, Genesis 44:34; Genesis 45:9 Joshua 10:4, Joshua 10:6 (all with implication of ascent), Deuteronomy 25:7 (to gate of city), +; c. †על person, Genesis 38:12 (+ ה location, up to Timnah); לקראת Genesis 46:29 Judges 6:35; II Kings 1:3, II Kings 1:6, II Kings 1:7

go up unto (אֶל) God, on a height, אל האלהים Exodus 19:3 I Samuel 10:3; אל יהוה Exodus 24:1 Exodus 19:21; Exodus 32:20 Judges 21:5^(×2), Judges 21:8 (to war); אֵלַי Exodus 24:12 Deuteronomy 10:1; unto Deborah Judges 4:5.

go up, in war, c. אֶל against Numbers 13:31 Judges 1:1; Judges 12:3 I Samuel 7:7 Isaiah 36:10 (= על II Kings 18:25) +; oftener c. על, I Samuel 14:10 Judges 6:3; Judges 15:10; Judges 18:9; I Kings 14:25 +; c. על + לַצָּבָא Joshua 22:12, Joshua 22:33; c. בְּ, Isaiah 7:6; Jeremiah 48:18; c. לְ, Habakkuk 3:16; + למלחמה Judges 20:18 + 3 times; + במלחמה I Samuel 29:9; וַתּעל(ה) המלחמה I Kings 22:35 = II Chronicles 18:34.

go up after, c. אחרי = follow I Samuel 25:13; I Kings 1:35, I Kings 1:40.

go up, depart, c. מֵעַל (q.see) I Samuel 6:20 Genesis 17:22; Genesis 35:13 +, subj. כבוד י׳ Ezekiel 11:23, Ezekiel 11:24; = withdraw, retreat, I Kings 15:19; II Kings 12:19; Jeremiah 21:2, absolute II Samuel 23:9, and so read ‖ I Chronicles 11:13 (see Driver^Smend).

of animals, go or come up: absolute frogs Exodus 7:28 Exodus 8:2, quails Exodus 16:13; lion Isaiah 35:9; fox Nehemiah 3:25; rise up, fly up, eagle Isaiah 40:31; Jeremiah 49:22; c. מִן, cattle out of water Genesis 41:2, Genesis 41:3, Genesis 41:18, Genesis 41:19 Song of Songs 4:2; Song of Songs 6:6, lion מִגְּאוֹן הַיַּרְדֵּן Jeremiah 49:19 = Jeremiah 50:44, מִסֻּבְּכוֹ Jeremiah 4:7, from prey Genesis 49:9; climb up into (ב) houses, locusts Joel 2:9; frogs, on (ב) persons Exodus 7:29; c. על, of cattle, sexually Genesis 31:10, Genesis 31:12; locusts upon the land Exodus 10:12, Exodus 10:14 Joel 1:6.

of vegetation, spring up, grow, shoot forth: trees Isaiah 55:13^(×2) Ezekiel 47:12; קיקיון Jonah 4:6; grass Deuteronomy 29:22; Amos 7:1; ears of grain Genesis 41:5, Genesis 41:22, also Genesis 40:10 Isaiah 5:6; Isaiah 32:13 compare sim. Isaiah 53:2; Hosea 10:8; Proverbs 26:9; ע׳ כֻלּוֹ קמשׂנים Proverbs 24:31 all of it grown up with thorns, Isaiah 34:13; figuratively קֶרֶן Daniel 8:3, Daniel 8:8.

of natural phenom. go up, rise: dew, Exodus 16:14, that is disappear; אֵד ע׳ מִן־הָאָרֶץ Genesis 2:6, cloud I Kings 18:44; Jeremiah 4:13; ע׳ הַשַּׁחַר dawn, etc. Genesis 19:15 Judges 19:25; I Samuel 9:26 +; smoke Genesis 19:28; Exodus 19:18 Judges 20:40 +; fire Judges 6:21; flame Judges 13:20; stench Isaiah 34:3; Joel 2:20; incense Ezekiel 8:11; well Numbers 21:17; waters Jeremiah 47:2; Nile Jeremiah 46:7, Jeremiah 46:8; Amos 8:8; Amos 9:5; c. על, of overflow Isaiah 8:7 +.

of inanimate things (instead of passive construction), absolute, shock of grain (to גֹּרֶן) Job 5:26; of בָּשָׂר (covering bones in Ezek.’s vision) Ezekiel 37:8; c. על, of garments upon the body Leviticus 19:19 Ezekiel 44:17; razor on head Judges 13:5; Judges 16:17; I Samuel 1:11; yoke upon oxen Numbers 19:2 I Samuel 6:7; lot upon an animal Leviticus 16:9, Leviticus 16:10; c. בְּ, weight in balance Psalms 62:10; entry in (ב) a book I Chronicles 27:24; = be offered (of sacrif.) I Kings 18:29; II Kings 3:20; Isaiah 60:7; אֲרוּכָה (q.see) in healing, Jeremiah 8:22, figuratively II Chronicles 24:13; Nehemiah 4:1.

of thoughts, ע׳ על לב II Kings 12:5; Isaiah 65:17 + 5 times; ע׳ על לבב Jeremiah 51:50; Ezekiel 38:10; ע׳ אל לב Ezekiel 14:7; ע׳ על רוּחַ Ezekiel 20:32; of anger II Samuel 11:20; II Chronicles 36:16 (ב person) + 3 times; temper Ecclesiastes 10:4 (עָלֶיךָ).

come up before God, arrogance, בְּאָזְנָיו II Kings 19:28 = Isaiah 37:29; cry, אֶל־א׳ Exodus 2:23, with a direct object I Samuel 5:12, absolute Jeremiah 14:2; tumult Psalms 74:23; of evil Jonah 1:2 (לְפָנַי).

go up, extend, of boundary, c. מִן whence, + direct object, אֶל, לְ and even בְ whither Joshua 15:3, Joshua 15:6, Joshua 15:8; Joshua 18:12^(×2) + (all P).

excel: thou excellest (עַל) them Proverbs 31:29; be superior to יעלה עליך מעלה מעלה Deuteronomy 28:43.—עוֹלֶה Job 36:33 is difficult, compare Comm., and see עַוְלָה.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נַעֲלָה Numbers 10:11 +; 2nd masculine singular נַעֲלֵיתָ Psalms 97:9; future (עתיד) יֵעָלֶה Exodus 40:37, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct הֵעָלוֹת Numbers 9:17 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) mpl. הֵעָלוּ Numbers 16:24;—

be brought up: מבבל לירושׁלם Ezra 1:11.

be taken up, וַתֵּעֲלוּ על שׂפת לשׁון Ezekiel 36:3 (Konig^{i 553}; talked about).

(1) passive, be taken up, away, of (pillar of) cloud, followed by מֵעַל of tabern. Exodus 40:36; Numbers 9:17; Numbers 10:11; absolute Exodus 40:37^(×2); Numbers 9:21^(×2), Numbers 9:22; of the glory from upon the cherubim Ezekiel 9:3; (2) reflex., take oneself away from, get up from: מִסָּבִיב Numbers 16:24; מֵעַל v Numbers 16:27; of a besieging army Jeremiah 37:5, Jeremiah 37:11.

reflex.: take oneself away מאחרי person, from following after, II Samuel 2:27.

be exalted, of God Psalms 47:10; c. על, over all gods Psalms 97:9.

past (עבר) הֶעֱלָה Numbers 8:3 +, הֵעֲלָה Habakkuk 1:15 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 63 p); with suffix הֶעֶלְךָ Nehemiah 9:18, הֶעֱלָנוּ Exodus 32:1 + 2 times; 3rd feminine singular וְהַעַלְתָה I Samuel 2:19 consec.; with suffix הֶעֱלָ֫תַם Joshua 2:6; 2nd masculine singular הֶעֱלִיתָ Exodus 33:1 +; וְהַעֲלִיתָ Deuteronomy 27:6 +; הֶעֱלֵיתָ Exodus 32:7; וְהַעֲלֵיתָ consec Exodus 40:4; 1 p. הֶעֱלִיתִי Amos 2:10; 2nd masculine plural with suffix הֶעֱלִיתֻנוּ Numbers 20:5; Numbers 21:5, etc.; future (עתיד) יַעֲלֶה Leviticus 17:8 +; וְיַ֫עַל II Samuel 24:22; וַיַּעֲלֶה Jeremiah 10:13; וַיַּ֫עַל Genesis 8:20 +, with suffix יַעְלֵם Deuteronomy 28:61, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַעֲלֵה Ezekiel 23:46; construct הַעֲלוֹת I Chronicles 23:31 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) הַ֫עַל Exodus 33:12 + 2 times; fs. הַעֲלִי I Samuel 28:8, I Samuel 28:11 +, etc.; participle (בינוני) מַעֲלֶה I Samuel 7:10 +; construct מַעֲלֵה Leviticus 11:4 +; with suffix מַעַלְךָ Deuteronomy 20:1 Psalms 81:11; f. מַעֲלָה Leviticus 11:26; construct מַעֲלַת Leviticus 11:3, Leviticus 11:6; Deuteronomy 14:6, etc.;—

bring up persons:

from a place, c. מִן: מִן הַסָּ֑לַע Judges 15:13; מִמִּצְרַיִם Exodus 17:3 + 3 times E, + 8 times; מארץ מצרים Exodus 32:1 + 5 times J, + Leviticus 11:45, Deuteronomy 20:1; Joshua 24:17, + 13 times; מארץ צפון Jeremiah 16:15 = Jeremiah 23:8.

(1) out of a place, c. כן: †םִ(ן הַ)בּוֹר Genesis 37:28 Psalms 40:3 Jeremiah 38:10; Jeremiah 38:13; משּׁחת Jonah 2:7; מקּברות Ezekiel 37:12, Ezekiel 37:13; מן־שׁאול Psalms 30:4, etc.; (2) c. בְּ by means of, בְּחֶרְמִי Ezekiel 32:3 (Habakkuk 1:15 see 3 below).

with a direct object of place whither, Numbers 20:25 Numbers 22:41 Joshua 2:6; Joshua 7:24 Ezra 4:2; השׁמים II Kings 2:1; c. אֶל: אֶל־הָעֲלִיָּה I Kings 17:19; c. לְ: לבית II Chronicles 8:11.

cause to ascend, climb: על המרכבה I Kings 20:33 (אֶל II Kings 10:15 probably error), על־המגדלות II Chronicles 32:5 (Vulgate built towers thereon, that is ע׳ עָלָיו); מֵעַל לחומה Nehemiah 12:31 vid. עַל IV 2 e.

in personal relations:

bring up, c. אל, I Samuel 19:15 II Kings 10:15; II Kings 25:6; Jeremiah 39:5; Jeremiah 52:9; c. לְ, I Samuel 28:8, I Samuel 28:11^(×2).

in war, c. עַל against II Chronicles 36:17; Jeremiah 50:9; Ezekiel 16:40; Ezekiel 23:46; Ezekiel 26:3.

take away (from life) Psalms 102:25 Job 36:20.

bring up animals, c. על, frogs על הארץ Exodus 8:1, Exodus 8:3; bring up horses to a charge Jeremiah 51:27, compare Nahum 3:3; draw up men, under figuratively of fish (בְּחַכָּה) Habakkuk 1:15; train, young lion Ezekiel 19:3; of cattle, מעלה גֵרָה, that is chewing the cud Leviticus 11:3, Leviticus 11:4^(×2), Leviticus 11:5, Leviticus 11:6, Leviticus 11:26 Deuteronomy 14:6, Deuteronomy 14:7^(×2)

cause to ascend: with a direct object rei, smoke מן העיר Judges 20:38; stench באף Amos 4:10, etc.; bring waters upon, על Isaiah 8:7; bring up from (מן location) II Samuel 6:2, II Samuel 6:12; I Kings 8:1; Genesis 50:25, +; c. אֶל location, Judges 16:3; I Chronicles 15:3, I Chronicles 15:12, with a direct object location II Chronicles 2:15; c. אל person I Samuel 6:21; c. לְ person Judges 16:8; I Samuel 2:19; c. על, bring sickness upon Deuteronomy 28:61; †הע׳ עפר על ראשׁ throw dust on the head Joshua 7:6; Lamentations 2:10; Ezekiel 27:30; clothe sackcloth upon Amos 8:10; flesh upon Ezekiel 37:6; put ornaments on II Samuel 1:24; compare also I Kings 10:16, I Kings 10:17 = II Chronicles 9:15, II Chronicles 9:16; II Chronicles 3:5, II Chronicles 3:14; הע׳ נֵר light lamp (make flame go up; Gesenius' Thesaurus; al. of raising lamp upon the lamp-stand) Exodus 25:37; Exodus 27:20 + 6 times P; bring up new flesh (heal; see אֲרוּכָה Jeremiah 30:17; Jeremiah 33:6.

mentally: הע׳ גִּלּוּלִים על לב Ezekiel 14:3, אל לב v Ezekiel 14:7, that is make object of thought; rouse, stir up, with a direct object אַף, anger Proverbs 15:1, compare Ezekiel 24:8.

הע׳ מנחה ל׳ II Kings 17:4 offer a present; bring up tithe to (ל) Nehemiah 10:39; הע׳מַם raise a levy I Kings 5:27; I Kings 9:15, למם v I Kings 9:21 II Chronicles 8:8.

exalt: Psalms 137:6 if I exalt not Jerus. above (עַל) my chief joy; אנכי אַעַלְךָ גם־(מ)עלה Genesis 46:4 I will exalt thee exceedingly (cf; Qal 10; מ lost in Masoretic Text, after ם; Dillmann and most bring up).

cause to ascend (in flame; Gesenius' Thesaurus al. to go up on altar), offer sacrifice, usually עֹלָה, either alone or following by other sacrif.: העלה עלות Exodus 24:5 Exodus 32:6 Leviticus 17:8 Deuteronomy 12:13, Deuteronomy 12:14 + (see עֹלָה); seldom: †קטרת Exodus 30:9, compare Psalms 66:15; †מנחה Isaiah 57:6; Isaiah 66:3, also probably I Kings 18:29, I Kings 18:36; II Kings 3:20 (> Qal); פר(ים) Numbers 23:2, Numbers 23:4, Numbers 23:14, Numbers 23:30 Psalms 51:21; הטוב בעיניו II Samuel 24:22; הע׳ ליהוה Judges 13:16; absolute II Chronicles 8:13; II Chronicles 29:29; †הע׳ לעולה Genesis 22:2, Genesis 22:13; with a direct object location מַעֲלֶה בָמָה Jeremiah 48:35; מזבח(ה) Leviticus 14:20 Isaiah 60:7 (> Qal); c. לְ location II Chronicles 29:27; c. בְּ location Genesis 8:20 Numbers 23:2, Numbers 23:4, Numbers 23:14, Numbers 23:30; עַל־הַחֹמָה II Kings 3:27; usually על location, על הַצּוּר Judges 13:19, הע׳ על מזבח 1 K I Kings 12:32, I Kings 12:33^(×2); II Kings 16:12; II Chronicles 1:6; II Chronicles 29:21; I Samuel 2:28, פרים על מזבח Psalms 51:21; elsewhere הע׳ עלות על מזבח Exodus 40:29 Joshua 22:23; I Kings 3:4; I Kings 9:25; II Chronicles 1:6; II Chronicles 35:16; Ezra 3:2; Ezekiel 43:18, הע׳ עלות ליהוה על מז׳ Deuteronomy 27:6;Joshua 8:31; I Chronicles 16:40; II Chronicles 8:12; Ezra 3:3.

past (עבר);—

be carried away, 3rd feminine singular הֹעֲלָ֑תָה Nahum 2:8.

be taken up into, inserted in 3rd masculine singular הֹעֲלָה II Chronicles 20:34 (על ספר) (passive of Qal 6).

3rd masculine singular be offered, of פר Judges 6:28 (על המזבח).

lift oneself: future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular אֶל־יִתְעַל Jeremiah 51:3 against (him that) lifts himself, but corrupt; either read אַל־, let him not, etc. (Peshitta Targum Vulgate Hitzig Gf Gie Rothst), or del. אל (Septuagint Co^Haupt).

עָלֶה

noun (masc.) leaf, leafage (see עלה Qal 4);—ע׳ Leviticus 26:36 +; construct עֲלֵה Genesis 3:7; Genesis 8:11; with suffix עָלֵהוּ Jeremiah 17:8 +; plural construct עֲלֵי Nehemiah 8:15 +; with suffix עָלֶהָ Isaiah 1:30;—leaf, leafage, of various trees Genesis 3:7; Genesis 8:11; Nehemiah 8:15^(×5); green Jeremiah 17:8, flourishing Proverbs 11:28; but usually fading Isaiah 1:30; Isaiah 34:4; Isaiah 64:5; Jeremiah 8:13; Ezekiel 47:12 Psalms 1:3; driven leaf Leviticus 26:36; Job 13:25; עלה לִתְרוּפָה leaf for healing Ezekiel 47:12.

עֵלִי

n.pr.m. Eli, priest at Shiloh I Samuel 1:3 (+ v I Samuel 1:3 Septuagint Th Klostermann HPS), v I Samuel 1:9, I Samuel 1:12 + 28 times I Samuel 1:1-4 + I Samuel 14:3 I Kings 2:27; Ηλει.

עֹלָה

noun (fem.) whole burnt-offering (that which goes up (√ 6) to heaven (al. on altar));—ע׳ Genesis 22:3 + 141 times; עוֹלָה Numbers 28:27 + 33 times; construct עֹלַת Exodus 29:42 + 27 times, עוֹלַת Numbers 28:24 + 2 times; with suffix עוֹלָֽתְךָ Psalms 20:4, etc.; plural עֹלוֹת Joshua 8:31 + 42 times, עֹלֹת Genesis 8:20 + 3 times; עוֹלֹת Deuteronomy 27:6, עוֹלוֹת Amos 5:22 +; with suffix עֹלוֹתֵיכֶם Jeremiah 6:20 +, etc.;—the whole burnt-offering (beast or fowl) is entirely consumed and goes up in the flame of the altar to God expressing the ascent of the soul in worship. All of the victim is laid on the altar except the hide and such parts as could not be washed clean. If beast the ע׳ must be a male without blemish Leviticus 1:3, Leviticus 1:10; Leviticus 22:18, Leviticus 22:19, of herd or flock; if of flock, either sheep or goat; if fowl, either turtledove or young pigeon Leviticus 1:14, the latter usually offered by the poor †Leviticus 5:7; Leviticus 12:8; Leviticus 14:22; Leviticus 15:14, Leviticus 15:15, Leviticus 15:29, Leviticus 15:30; Numbers 6:10, Numbers 6:11. A lamb was offered by individuals Leviticus 12:6; Numbers 6:14, and by the nation at the עֹמֶר offering Leviticus 23:12, and daily at the עֹלַת הַבֹּקֶר Leviticus 9:17; Numbers 28:23; II Kings 16:15; Ezekiel 46:13, and at morning and evening עלה תמיד Numbers 28:3, †עֹלַת (הַ)תָּמִיד Exodus 29:42; Numbers 28:6, Numbers 28:10, Numbers 28:15, Numbers 28:23, Numbers 28:24, Numbers 28:31; Numbers 29:6, Numbers 29:11, Numbers 29:16, Numbers 29:19, Numbers 29:22, Numbers 29:25, Numbers 29:28, Numbers 29:31, Numbers 29:34, Numbers 29:38; Ezra 3:5; Nehemiah 10:34; Ezekiel 46:15. These were doubled at the עֹלַת שַׁבָּת Numbers 28:10. A ram was offered by Aaron and his sons †Exodus 29:18; Leviticus 8:18; Leviticus 9:2; Leviticus 16:3, Leviticus 16:5; but a young bullock was of greater value Numbers 15:8, Numbers 15:24; II Samuel 24:22 I Chronicles 21:23, at consecration of Levites Numbers 8:12, so calves Micah 6:6; on great occasions bullocks + rams Numbers 23:1-6, Numbers 23:14, Numbers 23:15, bullocks + rams + lambs Isaiah 1:11; one of each kind offered by tribal chiefs Numbers 7:15, Numbers 7:21, Numbers 7:27, Numbers 7:33, Numbers 7:39, Numbers 7:45, Numbers 7:51, Numbers 7:57, Numbers 7:63, Numbers 7:69, Numbers 7:75, Numbers 7:81, Numbers 7:87. In ritual of עֹלַת (ה)חֹדֶשׁ Numbers 28:14; Numbers 29:6 and at מצּות and Pentecost 2 bullocks, 1 ram, and 7 lambs were added to daily offering Numbers 28:11, Numbers 28:19, Numbers 28:27; at offering of new bread at Pentecost 1 bullock, 2 rams, and 7 lambs Leviticus 23:18; on the 1st and 10th of the 7th month and at עצרת 1 bullock, 1 ram, and 7 lambs, in addition to the offerings of new moon Numbers 29:2, Numbers 29:8, Numbers 29:36; the system culminated in 70 bullocks, 14 rams, 98 lambs for the 7 days of Tabernacles Numbers 29:13 According to Ezek. the prince was to offer on each of 7 days of מצות 7 bullocks and 7 rams Ezekiel 45:23, and on Sabbath 6 lambs and 1 ram Ezekiel 46:4. At the reconsecration of temple 70 bullocks, 100 rams, and 200 lambs were offered II Chronicles 29:32, and at the return of exiles 12 bullocks, 96 rams, and 77 lambs Ezra 8:35. In early times whole burnt-offerings of children were sometimes made, for example Jephthah’s daughter Judges 11:31, Isaac proposed as, Genesis 22:2 but ram substituted v Genesis 22:13; made to other gods II Kings 3:27; Jeremiah 19:5 +. The ע׳ was anciently made on any altar used for worship, but in P confined to †מִזְבַּח הָעֹלָה Exodus 30:28; Exodus 31:9; Exodus 35:16; Exodus 38:1; Exodus 40:6, Exodus 40:10, Exodus 40:29; Leviticus 4:7, Leviticus 4:10, Leviticus 4:18, Leviticus 4:25^(×2), Leviticus 4:30, Leviticus 4:34; I Chronicles 6:34; I Chronicles 16:40; I Chronicles 21:26, I Chronicles 21:29; II Chronicles 29:18 (not in other literally); מזבח לעלה Joshua 22:29; I Chronicles 22:1. The offerer imposed his hands on head of animal, then slaughtered it Leviticus 1:4, Leviticus 1:5; †שׁחט ע׳ Leviticus 4:24, Leviticus 4:33; Leviticus 6:8; Leviticus 7:2; Leviticus 9:12; Leviticus 9:14;Leviticus 14:13, Leviticus 14:19, Leviticus 14:31; Ezekiel 40:39, Ezekiel 40:42; Ezekiel 44:11, and flayed it †הִפְשִׁיט ע׳ Leviticus 1:6 II Chronicles 29:34. The priest washed the pieces Ezekiel 40:38; arranged them on the altar above the wood Leviticus 6:5; the fire devoured them v Leviticus 6:2-6; Leviticus 9:24; I Kings 18:38; II Chronicles 7:1, they went up in the flame ריח ניחח ליהוה (ל) Leviticus 1:9, Leviticus 1:13, Leviticus 1:17; Leviticus 8:21 Numbers 28:13; לְרָצוֹן, according to character of offerer is Isaiah 56:7; Jeremiah 6:20; see also Psalms 20:4; Psalms 40:7; Psalms 51:18; I Samuel 15:22. Phrases: †העלה ע׳ Genesis 8:20 Exodus 32:6 Exodus 24:5 Exodus 30:9; Exodus 40:29; Leviticus 14:20; Leviticus 17:8 Deuteronomy 12:13, Deuteronomy 12:14; Deuteronomy 27:6; Joshua 8:31; Joshua 22:23; Judges 6:26; Judges 20:26; Judges 21:4; I Samuel 6:14, I Samuel 6:15; I Samuel 7:9, I Samuel 7:10; I Samuel 10:8; I Samuel 13:9, I Samuel 13:10, I Samuel 13:12; II Samuel 6:17, II Samuel 6:18; II Samuel 24:24, II Samuel 24:25; I Kings 3:4, I Kings 3:15; I Kings 9:25; I Kings 10:5; II Kings 3:27; I Chronicles 16:2, I Chronicles 16:40; I Chronicles 21:24, I Chronicles 21:26; I Chronicles 23:31; I Chronicles 29:21; II Chronicles 1:6; II Chronicles 8:12; II Chronicles 9:4; II Chronicles 23:18; II Chronicles 24:14; II Chronicles 29:7, II Chronicles 29:27; II Chronicles 35:14, II Chronicles 35:16; Ezra 3:2, Ezra 3:3, Ezra 3:6; Job 1:5; Job 42:8 Psalms 66:15 Jeremiah 14:12; Jeremiah 33:18; Ezekiel 43:18, Ezekiel 43:24; Amos 5:22 (compare העלה 9); †זבח ע׳ Exodus 20:21; עשׂה לע׳ Leviticus 23:12; Numbers 6:11; Numbers 15:24; Numbers 29:39; †עָשָׂה ע׳ Leviticus 5:10; Leviticus 9:7, Leviticus 9:22; Leviticus 15:15, Leviticus 15:30; Leviticus 16:24^(×2); Numbers 6:16; Numbers 8:12; Numbers 15:3, Numbers 15:8; Numbers 29:2; Deuteronomy 12:27; Judges 13:16; I Kings 8:61; II Kings 5:17; II Kings 10:24, II Kings 10:25; II Chronicles 7:7; Ezekiel 43:27; Ezekiel 45:17, Ezekiel 45:23; Ezekiel 46:2, Ezekiel 46:12^(×2), Ezekiel 46:13; †הִקְרִיב ע׳ Leviticus 7:8; Leviticus 9:16; Leviticus 10:19; Leviticus 23:37; Numbers 28:3, Numbers 28:11, Numbers 28:19, Numbers 28:27; Numbers 29:8, Numbers 29:13, Numbers 29:36; I Chronicles 16:1; Ezra 8:35; Ezekiel 46:4; הקריב לע׳ Leviticus 22:18; Numbers 6:14; †הביא ע׳ Deuteronomy 12:6, Deuteronomy 12:11; II Chronicles 29:31, II Chronicles 29:32; II Chronicles 30:15; Isaiah 43:23; Jeremiah 17:26; †הקטיר ע׳ II Kings 16:13, II Kings 16:15; II Chronicles 13:11.—עֹלָתָה, עוֹלוֹת see also עַוְלָה sub I. עוּל.

עֹלָה²

noun (fem.) ascent, stairway, עלותו Ezekiel 40:26 Kt, עֹלוֹתָיו Qr; read probably מַעֲלָתוֹ (Septuagint Co Siegfried-Stade לוֹ, Toy עֹלָתוֹ).

עֶלְיוֹן

adjective

high;—ms. ע׳ Deuteronomy 26:19; Deuteronomy 28:1; I Kings 9:8 (? reading הַבַּיִת הַזֶּה הָע׳ as SeptuagintL Benz) = II Chronicles 7:21, of י׳ Psalms 97:9.

upper Bethhoron, ע׳ Joshua 16:5 העליון I Chronicles 7:24; II Chronicles 8:5, the upper (opposite lower), of house Nehemiah 3:25; compare II Kings 15:35; II Chronicles 23:20 + 5 times, + Genesis 40:17 (uppermost basket); fs. הָעֶלְיוֹנָה the upper pool II Kings 18:17 = Isaiah 36:2; Isaiah 7:3; the highest side-chamber (צֵלָע) Ezekiel 41:7; fpl. הָעֶלְיוֹנֹת Ezekiel 42:5 the upper chambers (לְשָׁכוֹת).

of Davidic king exalted above monarchs Psalms 89:28 (compare Deuteronomy 28:1, above).

עֶלְיוֹן²

noun (masc.) Highest, Most High (probably = foregoing);—

name of God Numbers 24:16; Deuteronomy 32:8 Psalms 18:14 = II Samuel 22:14 Psalms 9:3; Psalms 21:8; Psalms 46:5; Psalms 50:14; Psalms 73:11; Psalms 77:11; Psalms 78:17; Psalms 83:19; Psalms 87:5; Psalms 91:1, Psalms 91:9; Psalms 92:2; Psalms 107:11; Isaiah 14:14; Lamentations 3:35, Lamentations 3:38; with other divine names: אל עליון Genesis 14:18, Genesis 14:19, Genesis 14:20, Genesis 14:22 (see Dillmann) Psalms 78:35; יהוה עליון Psalms 7:18; Psalms 47:3; אלהים עליון Psalms 57:3; Psalms 78:56.

of rulers, either monarchs or angel-princes, בְּנֵי עֶלְיוֹן = אלהים Psalms 82:6.

עַל²

(compare Konig^{ii. 261 f.})

noun height (poet.) †Hosea 7:16 יָשׁוּבוּ לֹא עָ֗ל they return (but) not upwards (that is not God-wards), Hosea 11:7 וְאֶל־עַל יִקְרָאֻהוּ they (the prophets) call it (the people) upwards, (but) none striveth to rise; as adverb accus., II Samuel 23:1 the man הֻ֣קַּם עָ֔ל (that) is raised up on high. With מִן, מֵעָ֑ל, †(ה)שׁמים מֵעָ֑ל (the) heavens above Genesis 27:39; Genesis 49:25 Psalms 50:4 (opposite מִתַּחַת Exodus 20:4. In prose מִמַּעַל).

As preposition upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against (SI^4.6; Moab. Aramaic the same; Phoenician על, and עלת; Palmyrene Nab. על; Sab. עלי, Arabic عَلَى );—abbrev. from עֲלֵי (compare אֱלֵי, עֲדֵי), which is preserved in poetry, Genesis 49:17^(×2), Genesis 49:22^(×2) Numbers 24:6^(×2) Deuteronomy 32:2^(×2) Isaiah 18:4; Jeremiah 8:18; Micah 5:6; Lamentations 4:5; I Kings 20:41; Qr, Job 7:1 Qr + 10 times ψ, 3 times Pr, 15 times Jb; with with suffix עָלַי; עָלֶיךָ, עָלַיִךְ (†Psalms 116:7 the Aramaizing form עָלָ֑יְכִי); עָלָיו, + I Samuel 2:10 עָלָו, עָלֶיהָ; 1st plural עָלֵינוּ; 2nd masculine plural עֲלֵיכֶם, + Exodus 12:13 עֲלֵכֶם, 2nd feminine plural עֲלֵיכֶן †Ezekiel 23:49; 3rd masculine plural עֲלֵיהֶם, 13 times in Pent. עֲלֵהֶם Genesis 45:15, etc. (Konig^{ii. 305}), poet. עָלֵ֫ימוֹ Deuteronomy 22:23 + 11 times ψ, Jb (perhaps sometimes singular, Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 103 i, N.); 3rd feminine plural עֲלֵיהֶן, †Exodus 29:13 עֲלֵהֶן Exodus 29:22; Leviticus 3:4, Leviticus 3:10, Leviticus 3:16 (on the form of עֲלֵי, עָלַי, etc., see Konig^{ii. 390 ff.}, and compare sub עַד).

Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed; as על־הארץ upon the earth Genesis 1:11, Genesis 1:26; Genesis 7:6, etc., Psalms 110:6 על ארץ רבה over a wide country; על האדמה upon the ground Exodus 20:12 + often, Amos 7:12 עַל אֲדָמָה טְמֵאָה, Isaiah 14:2 על אדמת י׳, Psalms 137:4 עַל אַדְמַת נֵכָר (אֲדָמָה being properly ground, soil, is construed regularly with על, באדמה being very rare), more definitely על פני האדמה Genesis 6:1; Numbers 12:3 + often; על מקום Leviticus 14:28; Jeremiah 45:5 (uncommon: usually בְּ); Deuteronomy 17:20; Isaiah 9:6 עַל מַמְלַכְתּוֹ upon his realm, II Chronicles 1:1; עַל בָּֽתִּים very strangely Hosea 11:11 (read וַהֲשִׁבֹתִים with Septuagint; see 7 c α β); constantly after such vbs. as נוח, ישׁב, רכב, etc., Genesis 8:4; Exodus 11:5; כתב על to write (idiomatically) on a book or other surface, Joshua 10:13, etc.; יצא על go forth over Genesis 41:45; Zechariah 5:3 Psalms 81:6; with נִשְׁעַן, נִסְמַךְ, בָּטַח (figuratively), to lean or trust upon: Genesis 3:14 to go עַל גְּחֹנְךָ upon thy belly, Genesis 32:32 to limp עַל יְרֵכוֹ upon his thigh, I Samuel 14:13; Ezekiel 37:10; Judges 15:8 to smite שׁוֹק עַל יָרֵךְ leg upon thigh, that is so that the scattered limbs fall one upon another, Amos 3:15. And with ref. not to a horizontal surface but to a side, Leviticus 1:5 + זָרַק עַל to pour against the altar, I Kings 6:5, I Kings 6:18 to build against the temple, Joshua 10:27, etc. Fig. Exodus 23:13 let it not be heard עַל פִּיךָ upon thy mouth (in out idiom, upon thy lips, as Proverbs 22:18), Psalms 15:3 לֹא רָגַל עַל לְשֹׁנוֹ he slandereth not (that is prepares not slander) upon his tongue, II Samuel 23:2 וּמִלָּתוֹ עַל לְשׁוֹנִי, Proverbs 16:23, Proverbs 16:27; Proverbs 31:26; Ecclesiastes 5:1; compare נָשָׂא עַל שְׂפָתַיִם or עַל פֶּה Psalms 16:4; Psalms 50:16; Ezekiel 36:3. Specially

—(a) of clothing, etc., which any one wears, Genesis 37:23 the tunic אשׁר עליו which was upon him, Joshua 9:5; I Kings 11:30; Ruth 3:15 +; Genesis 24:30; Genesis 38:30; II Samuel 13:18, of a sword II Samuel 20:8 Song of Songs 3:8; so הָיָה עַל Leviticus 16:4; Deuteronomy 22:5; Ezekiel 44:18; I Chronicles 15:27; I Chronicles 18:7 (‖ II Samuel 8:7 אֶל: see p. 41 a); compare לֹא יַעֲלֶה עָלֶיךָ Leviticus 19:19; Ezekiel 44:17, and with הֶעֱלָה, below, 7 b. (b) With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it (‘upon’ referred to a side): see גָּנַן, כָּסָה, סָכַךְ, עַטָה; Nehemiah 2:8 יד אלהי הטובה עלי, compare v Nehemiah 2:18 Ezra 7:6, Ezra 7:9; Ezra 8:18, Ezra 8:22, Ezra 8:31; Exodus 27:21 the veil that is over (that is before) the testimony, I Samuel 25:16 חוֹמָה הָיוּ עַלֵינוּ they were a wall about us; סָגַר עַל to shut in (or down) upon Exodus 14:3; Job 12:14; Ezekiel 13:5; Job 13:27; Job 26:9; Job 36:30 he spreadeth his light עַלָיו about him.

Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him, Isaiah 1:14 הָיוּ עַלַי לָטֹרַח they are a cumbrance upon me, Job 7:20 I am a burden עָלַי upon myself, II Samuel 15:33 (compare with אֶל II Samuel 19:36); כָּבַד עַל to be heavy upon Exodus 5:9 al. (see כָּבַד); of sin, calamity, etc. Isaiah 53:5; Ezekiel 33:10 Psalms 88:8; Job 21:9; II Chronicles 15:5; II Chronicles 28:13; Ecclesiastes 6:1; Ecclesiastes 8:6 (compare 5 a β); Leviticus 7:20 וְטֻמְאָתוֹ עָלָיו Leviticus 22:3: idiomatically, Genesis 48:7 מֵתָה עָלַי רָחֵל Rachel died upon me (that is to my sorrow), Genesis 33:13 וְהַבָּקָר עָלוֹת עָלַי are giving suck upon me (that is as a care to me), Numbers 11:13 יִבְכּוּ עָלַי they weep upon me (vexing me), Judges 14:16, Judges 14:17; Judges 19:2 (see Be), I Samuel 21:16 to play the mad man upon me, Jeremiah 12:11.

Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him, as שָׂם עַל to lay upon Exodus 5:8; Exodus 21:22, Exodus 21:30 (שָׁת), Exodus 22:24, compare Genesis 47:26; II Chronicles 35:25; with other verbs, Job 38:10; Deuteronomy 24:5; Deuteronomy 26:6; II Kings 15:20; II Kings 18:14; II Kings 23:33; Nehemiah 10:33^(×2) Esther 1:8; Esther 9:21, Esther 9:27, Esther 9:31; with צִוָּה enjoin upon Genesis 2:16 + often, כתב prescribe to II Kings 22:13 Psalms 40:8, נטשׁ cast upon I Samuel 17:20 (v I Samuel 17:22 על יד), נתן על יד (figuratively) Genesis 42:37; II Kings 12:12; II Kings 22:5, compare I Kings 14:27, עזב Psalms 10:14, גלל Psalms 37:5, השׁליך Psalms 55:23, פקד Job 34:13 al.; Genesis 30:28 נָקְבָה שְׂכָֽרְךָ עָלַי fix thy wages upon me (name thy wages to me), Genesis 34:12 הַרְבּוּ עָלַי מְאֹד מֹהַר וּמַתָּן multiply upon me, etc., II Samuel 19:39 (pregn.) whatsoever thou choosest (and layest) upon me; without a verb, Judges 19:20 רַק כָּל־מַחְסֹרְךָ עָלָ֑י only let all thy wants be upon me, Ezra 10:4 Psalms 56:13 עָלַי נְדָרֶיךָ thy vows are upon me (that is I owe them: compare Numbers 30:7, Numbers 30:9, Numbers 30:15), Proverbs 7:14 זִבְחֵי שְׁלָמִים עָלָ֑י peace-offerings were upon me (= were due from me); perhaps Psalms 62:1; Psalms 77:1 (to the charge of); with an inf. II Samuel 18:11 וְעָלַי לָתֵת and it would have been incumbent on me to give, etc., I Kings 4:7; Ezra 10:12 (accents [Baer], RV^m), Nehemiah 13:13, compare Zechariah 12:2 (Ewald RVm); Numbers 7:9 the service of … was upon them, Ezekiel 45:17, so especially late I Chronicles 9:27, I Chronicles 9:33; I Chronicles 23:31; II Chronicles 2:3 לעולם זאת על ישׂראל, II Chronicles 8:15; II Chronicles 24:9; Ezra 7:11; Nehemiah 11:23; Isaiah 9:5 and the government is upon his shoulder (compare Isaiah 22:22), II Chronicles 25:3; Psalms 7:11 מָֽגִנִּי עַל־א׳ my shield rests upon God (he has undertaken my defence), Psalms 62:8 על־אלהים יִשְׁעִי וּכְבֹדִי.

על is used idiomatically to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him: Psalms 42:6 why art thou cast down, O my soul, וַתֶּהֱמִי עָלַי and disquieted upon me? v Psalms 42:7 my soul upon me is cast down, v Psalms 42:12 Psalms 43:5; Lamentations 3:20; Psalms 131:2 כְּגָמֻל עֲלֵי אִמּוֹ כַּגָּמוּל עָלַי נַפְשִׁי is my soul upon me; Psalms 142:4 בְּהִתְעַטֵּף עָלַי רוּחִי when my spirit faints upon me, Psalms 143:4; Jonah 2:8; Jeremiah 8:18 עָלַי לִבִּי דַוָּֽי׃ my heart upon me is sick, Job 14:22^(×2) (compare Dillmann), Hosea 11:8 נהפך עלי לבי my heart is turned (altered) upon me, I Samuel 17:32; I Samuel 25:36; Nehemiah 5:7 וַיִּמָּלֵךְ לִבִּי עָלַי and my heart took counsel upon me: compare Psalms 42:5 I will pour out my soul upon me, Job 30:16; Job 10:1 אעזבה עלי שׂיחי I will let loose my complaint upon me. (Gesenius' Thesaurus apud me, mecum. The rend. ‘within me’ alters entirely the point of view of the Hebrew expression, and is incorrect.) Denoting with some emph. the subj. of an experience, Job 30:2 עלימו אבד כָּ֑לַח, Daniel 2:1 his sleep נִהְיְתָה עָלָיו was done with upon him (compare Aramaic Daniel 6:19 נַדַּת עֲלוֹהִי), Daniel 10:8 וְהוֹדִי נְהְפַּךְ עָלַי (compare Daniel 5:9; Daniel 7:28): also, rather differently, Leviticus 18:18; Jeremiah 49:20 אִם לֹא יַשִּׁים עֲלֵיהֶם נְוֵהֶם, Micah 7:13 Psalms 90:17; Psalms 7:9 according to my perfectness upon me, Ezekiel 18:20; Ezekiel 22:3; II Chronicles 36:8.

חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support; compare Isaiah 3:1, and ζῆν ἐπί τινος), Deuteronomy 8:3 עַל־הַלֶּחֶם, Isaiah 38:16 (compare Hitzig), Genesis 27:40 על חרבך תחיה upon (= by) thy sword thou shalt live (compare Kazwini^{ii. 17} ap. Tuch), Ezekiel 33:19, compare v Ezekiel 33:26.

Of the ground, or basis, on which a thing is done, as Genesis 24:9 על הדבר הזה, Leviticus 7:12 if he offers it עַל תּוֹדָה on the ground of a thanksgiving, Numbers 6:21 עַל נִזְרוֹ, v b Ezekiel 16:15; Ezekiel 28:17; Daniel 8:25 עַל שִׂכְלוֹ, Daniel 9:18 על צדקותינו (with عَلَى this use is extended so as to denote explicitly on condition of). Hence (a) the basis being conceived as regulative, על comes to denote the norm or standard (compare Germ. ‘auf die Art’; W^{AG ii. § 59 i}): the transition may be seen in a passage like Exodus 24:8 the covenant which י׳ made with you on the basis of (על), or in agreement with, all these words (compare על פי Exodus 34:27), Numbers 35:24 על המשׁפטים האלה, Deuteronomy 17:11; Jeremiah 30:18 the palace shall sit (that is be inhabited: see ישׁב) עַל מִשְׁפָּטוֹ in accordance with its manner, Psalms 94:20 who frames mischief עֲלֵי־חֹק in accordance with a law, על פי … according to the mouth (that is command, Genesis 45:21 + often, evidence Deuteronomy 17:6; Deuteronomy 19:15, sentence Deuteronomy 21:5) of …; עַל שֵׁם … according to the name of … (mostly with call, be called) Genesis 48:6; Exodus 28:21; II Samuel 18:18 +, compare I Chronicles 23:14; Exodus 6:26; Exodus 12:51 עַל צִבְאֹתָם according to their hosts (usually לְ), Numbers 1:18 על משׁפחתם (usually לְ), v Numbers 1:52 Numbers 2:2, Numbers 2:34; Numbers 7:3 (‖ ל), Deuteronomy 18:8 (probably); עַל יְדֵי according to the hands (direction) of Jeremiah 5:31; Jeremiah 33:13 al. (see p. 391 b); Psalms 110:4 עַל דִּבְרָתִי מ׳ after the manner of M.; Proverbs 25:11 (probably) a word spoken עַל אָפְנָיו in accordance with its circumstances = appositely; of the tune according to which a song is to be sung (RV. set to) Psalms 6:1 (I Chronicles 15:21), Psalms 8:1; Psalms 9:1; Psalms 12:1; Psalms 45:1; Psalms 46:1 (I Chronicles 15:20) עַל־עֲלָמוֹת (perhaps, however, in the manner of maidens = for ‘sopranos’), Psalms 53:1; Psalms 56:1; Psalms 60:1; Psalms 69:1; Psalms 81:1; Psalms 84:1; Psalms 88:1 (compare in Syriac ܥܰܠ ܩܳܠܴܐ ܕ). (b) The basis being conceived as involving the ground, על denotes the cause or reason, on account of, because of, Genesis 20:3 lo thou shalt die עַל הָאִשָּׁה on account of the woman, Genesis 21:12; Genesis 26:7, Genesis 26:9; Genesis 27:41; Genesis 42:21; Leviticus 4:3, Leviticus 4:28; Leviticus 5:18; Leviticus 19:17; Leviticus 26:18, Leviticus 26:24, Leviticus 26:28; Deuteronomy 9:18; Deuteronomy 24:16 fathers shall not be put to death על־בנים on account of children, Deuteronomy 31:18; Joshua 9:20; Jeremiah 1:16; Jeremiah 5:9; Ezekiel 18:26 עליהם (‖ Ezekiel 33:18 בָּהֶם), Proverbs 28:21 Psalms 39:12; Psalms 50:8 + often; Psalms 44:23 עָלֶיךָ הֹרַגְנוּ on thy account are we slain all the day, Psalms 69:8; Jeremiah 15:15; in the phrases עַל דְּבַר …, עַל אוֹדוֹת, עַל זֹאת and עַל זֶה on this account, עַל מָה on what account? עַל־כֵּן = therefore (see דָּבָר, אוֹדָה, etc.); before an inf., as Exodus 17:7 וְעַל נַסּוֹתָם אֶת־י׳ and on account of their trying י׳, Amos 1:3 עַל דּוּשָׁם on account of their threshing = because they threshed, v Amos 1:6, Amos 1:9, Amos 1:11, Amos 1:13, etc., Jeremiah 2:35 עַל אָמְרֵךֶ because of thy saying, Jeremiah 9:12; Jeremiah 16:18 +; and as a conjunction both with and without אֲשֶׁר or כִּי (see below III). And so often of the ground or cause of fear, grief, delight, or other emotions, for example Exodus 18:9; Exodus 32:14 (נִחַם repent: so often), I Samuel 4:13; I Samuel 30:6; II Samuel 1:26; II Samuel 3:8; I Kings 21:4; II Kings 6:11; Jeremiah 10:19 Amos 6:6. (c) Somewhat more strongly, on behalf of, for the sake of, Genesis 19:17 escape על נפשׁך for thy life; Judges 9:17; II Kings 10:3 נִלְחַם עַל (usually ל); I Kings 2:18 I will speak on thy behalf to the king, v I Kings 2:19 (II Kings 4:13 לְ); Esther 4:16; Esther 4:8; Esther 7:7; Esther 8:11; Esther 9:16; Daniel 12:1 עמד על stand up (in late Hebrew) on behalf of; התפלל על intercede for (usually בעד) Job 42:8; Nehemiah 1:6; II Chronicles 30:18; II Chronicles 29:21 Ezra 8:35; and very often with כִּפֶּר (q.see) make atonement for. (Not very common with other verbs.) (d) Sometimes it acquires almost a final force, for; Exodus 12:4; Exodus 29:36; Exodus 30:16; Deuteronomy 27:13 these shall stand עַל־הַקְּלָלָה (‖ v Deuteronomy 27:12 לְבָרֵךְ), Psalms 89:48 עַל־מַה־שָּׁוְא בָּרָאתָ כָל־בְּנֵי־אָדָם unto what vanity hast thou created, etc.! Proverbs 29:5; II Chronicles 23:18; Ecclesiastes 3:17. (e) Of a condition, or attendant circumstances (rare; so عَلَى, W^{AG ii. § 59 e}): Psalms 50:5 עֲלֵי זָ֑נַח ׃ upon, with sacrifice, Psalms 92:4 עֲלֵי עָשׂוֹר וגו׳ with a ten-stringed instr., with a harp, with sounding music on a lyre; עַל רִיב upon occasion of a lawsuit Exodus 23:2; Ezekiel 44:24, עַל יוֹם טוֹב I Samuel 25:8 (compare عَلَى حِينِ at a time of … Qor 28:14), Nehemiah 12:22 (? read עַד BeRy), Isaiah 18:4 כְּחֹם צַח עֲלֵי אוֹר at time of sunshine, Isaiah 64:11 עַל אֵלֶּה, Jeremiah 8:18 עֲלֵי יָגוֹן at time of sorrow, Jeremiah 16:7 (but Gie עַל אָבֵל to): with abstr. substs. to form a periphr. for adverbs, Leviticus 5:22 and swear עַל שֶׁקֶר upon falseness = falsely, Jeremiah 6:14 = Jeremiah 8:11 to heal a wound עַל נְקַלָּה lightly, easily, Psalms 31:24 עַל יֶתֶר = abundantly, Isaiah 60:7 עַל רָצוֹן = acceptably (compare عَلَى لَذَّةٍ = with delight). (f) It hence acquires the force of in spite of, notwithstanding (so عَلَى, W^{AG ii. § 59 h}), Job 10:7 עַל דַּעְתְּךָ in spite of thy knowing, Job 34:6 על משׁפטי notwithstanding my right I am to be a liar (Dillmann De Davidson RV: otherwise Hitzig RV^m). compare below, III c b. (g) Upon, concerning, with vbs. of speaking, as דִּבֶּר Judges 9:3; I Kings 5:13, אָמַר Jeremiah 16:3; Jeremiah 27:19 (‖ אל) Jeremiah 33:4, hearing Genesis 41:15 שָׁמַעְתִּי עָלֶיךָ I have heard concerning thee, saying, etc., I Kings 10:6; Isaiah 37:9 (‖ II Kings 19:9 אל), disputing Genesis 26:21, telling I Samuel 27:11; Joel 1:3, commanding II Samuel 14:8; I Kings 11:10, being vexed I Kings 21:4; II Kings 6:11, crying II Kings 8:5, confessing Psalms 32:5 Nehemiah 1:6; of the object of a prophecy or vision I Kings 22:8; Isaiah 1:1; Isaiah 2:1; and often with similar verbs. (h) In a somewhat weaker sense, in the matter of, as regards, Genesis 41:32 וְעַל הִשָּׁנוֹת הַחֲלוֹם, Exodus 22:8; Ruth 4:7; Leviticus 5:22, Leviticus 5:26; Daniel 9:14; Nehemiah 9:33; חָטָא עַל Leviticus 4:14 (‖ בָּהּ v Leviticus 4:23, cogn. direct object v Leviticus 4:28), Leviticus 5:5; Numbers 6:11; Nehemiah 13:26; … עַל־דְּבַר in the matter of, Numbers 25:18; Numbers 31:16.

It expresses excess (synon. מִן q.see); Genesis 48:22 I give thee שְׁכֶם אַחַד עַל אַחֶיךָ one shoulder (ridge) above thy brethren, Exodus 16:5 מִשְׁנֶה על double above or beyond, Numbers 3:46 Deuteronomy 25:3 stripes עַל־אֵלֶּה beyond these, Joshua 3:15 Jordan מָלֵא עַל was full over all its banks (compare Joshua 4:18 Isaiah 8:7 הלך על, עלה), Psalms 138:2 Ecclesiastes 1:16 Daniel 1:20 עֶשֶׂר יָדוֹת עַל ten times above (compare in Aramaic 3:19, and عَلَى Qor 37:153), Ezra 1:6 †לְבַד עַל = beside (see בַּד); Psalms 16:2 (si vera l.) טוֹבָתִי בַל עָלֶיךָ my welfare is not beyond thee, that is does not lie outside thee.—Of time, Leviticus 15:25 if she has an issue עַל נִדָּתָהּ beyond her time of impurity (compare Isaiah 32:10, 4 b).

It denotes elevation or pre-eminence, as עליון על high (figuratively) above, Deuteronomy 26:19 al., Deuteronomy 28:43 יעלה עליך will go up above thee, compare Proverbs 31:29; Psalms 57:6, Psalms 57:12 be thou exalted above the heavens, Psalms 89:8; Psalms 95:3; Psalms 96:4, etc., Nehemiah 9:5; with words (q.see) such as גבר, גדל, חזק, נשׂא (Ni. Pi. Hithp.), עזז, and especially those denoting rule or superintendence, as מלך, הפקיד; so with שָׁת, היה, נתן, Genesis 41:33, Genesis 41:40, Genesis 41:43, שׂם I Samuel 18:5; with פָּקִיד, שַׂר, מֶלֶךְ, etc., Genesis 41:34; Exodus 1:11; Exodus 18:21, etc.; absolute II Samuel 8:16 Joab was על־הצבא over the host, II Samuel 20:23, II Samuel 20:24 I Kings 4:4-6; I Kings 5:30; Numbers 10:14 I Chronicles 9:23, I Chronicles 9:26; I Chronicles 27:25; II Chronicles 30:17; II Chronicles 31:12; אֲשֶׁר עַל בֵּיתוֹ of Joseph’s steward Genesis 43:16, Genesis 43:19; Genesis 44:1, Genesis 44:4; and in the official titles אּשֶׁר עַל־הַבַּיִת = the Governor of the Palace Isaiah 22:15 al. (see בַּיִת 6); אֲשֶׁר עַל־הַמַּס the overseer of the forced labour I Kings 12:18; אשׁר על־העיר the governor of the city II Kings 10:5, אשׁר על המלתחה v II Kings 10:22.

It expresses addition (compare ἐπὶ in Gk., for example ἐπὶ τούτοις); viz.

introducing the complement of a verb, as with יָסַף to add upon or to, Psalms 61:7 + often (see יָסַף), שָׁת to put to Genesis 30:40, נִלְוָה to be joined to Numbers 18:2, Numbers 18:4; Isaiah 14:1 (also c. אֶל), נָפַל to fall to, that is desert to, Jeremiah 21:9 +, עבר to pass over to Exodus 30:13, Exodus 30:14; Isaiah 45:14 (compare Isaiah 60:5); also Habakkuk 2:16 תִּסֹּב כּוֹס עַל Lamentations 4:21, Esther 4:7; נֶחְשַׁב to be reckoned to Leviticus 25:31; II Samuel 4:2, היה על Numbers 36:12; Psalms 69:28 תְּנָה עָוֹן עַל עֲוֹנָם, Isaiah 56:8 עוֹד אֲקַבֵּץ עָלָיו I will yet gather (others) unto him.

Used absol., as Genesis 28:9 he took Maḥalath עַל נָשָׁיו in addition to his (other) wives, Genesis 31:50 (compare אל Leviticus 18:18), Numbers 31:8 עַל חַלְלֵיהֶם in addition to their slain (‖ Joshua 13:22 אֶל), Deuteronomy 23:14; Ezekiel 16:37, Ezekiel 16:43; Ezekiel 25:10; Isaiah 32:10 יָמִים עַל שָׁנָה days upon, in addition to, a year, II Chronicles 21:15 יָמִים עַל יָמִים, Ezekiel 7:26 הֹוָה עַל הֹוָה תָבוֹא (‖ אל), Jeremiah 4:20 (if נִקְרָא = be proclaimed), Job 16:14 יִפְרְצֵנִי פֶרֶץ עַלאפְּנֵי־פָ֑רֶץ (compare Lagarde^{M iii. 112}; also Il. 14:130 ἕλκος ἐφʼ ἕλκει, Odyss. 7:120f., Qor 31:13). So often in laws of P (compare c), Leviticus 7:12 he shall offer עַל־זֶבַח הַתּוֹדָה in addition to the sacrifice of thanksgiving, etc., v ^13b Numbers 6:20; Numbers 15:9; Numbers 28:10, Numbers 28:15, Numbers 28:24 (compare מִלְּבַד v ³¹ Numbers 29:6), Numbers 35:6; Ezekiel 16:43 (Hitzig Smend RV: compare Ezekiel 44:7 אל).

Hence by an easy transition it denotes together with, with, Exodus 35:22 men together with (עַל) women, Job 38:32 וְעַיִשׁ עַל־בָּנֶיהָ תַנְחֵם and the Bear with her children, wilt thou lead them? I Kings 15:20; Jeremiah 3:18 the house of Isr. with the house of Judah, Micah 5:2 (Ca Ke Kue; but al. as 7 c a), Genesis 32:12 lest he come and smite me, אֵם עַל בָּנִים the mother with the children (compare Hosea 10:14 Deuteronomy 22:6); and as a techn. term in the regulations for sacrifice, especially with אכל, Exodus 12:8 עַל־מְרֹרִים יֹאכְלֻהוּ together with bitter herbs they shall eat it, v Exodus 12:9 his head with (על) his legs, etc., Numbers 9:11; Deuteronomy 16:3 לֹא־תֹאכָל עָלָיו חָמֵץ (compare Exodus 23:18; Exodus 34:25), v Deuteronomy 16:3; in the phrase אכל על הדם to eat with the blood I Samuel 14:32, I Samuel 14:33 (v I Samuel 14:34 אל), Leviticus 19:26; Ezekiel 33:25 (compare in Gk. for example ἐπὶ τῷ σίτῳ πίνειν ὕδωρ); see also Leviticus 2:2, Leviticus 2:16; Leviticus 3:4 (so v Leviticus 3:10, Leviticus 3:15 Leviticus 4:9; Leviticus 7:4), Leviticus 4:11; Leviticus 7:13, Leviticus 7:30; Leviticus 10:15; Leviticus 14:31; Leviticus 23:18, Leviticus 23:20; Numbers 6:17; Numbers 19:5; I Chronicles 7:4.

It expresses the idea of being suspended, or extended, over anything, without however being in contact with it, above, over: Genesis 1:20 let fowl fly over the earth, Genesis 19:23 השׁמשׁ יצא על had come forth upon the earth (compare זרח על Exodus 22:2 +; בא על go down [set] upon Deuteronomy 24:15 Micah 3:6; Job 25:3), Numbers 10:34; Numbers 14:14 and thy cloud stood עליהם over them, Deuteronomy 28:23 the heavens על־ראשׁך above thy head, Isaiah 4:5; Isaiah 60:1, Isaiah 60:2; Zephaniah 2:11; Zechariah 9:14 Psalms 7:8 over it return thou on high, Job 29:3 בְּהִלּוֹ נֵרוֹ עֲלֵי רֹאשִׁי (compare דעך על be extinguished over, Job 18:6), Song of Songs 2:4 his banner over me: figuratively of protection Deuteronomy 32:38 Psalms 68:35: with vbs. of motion (expressed or implied), נשׁקף על to incline over I Samuel 13:18 +, נטה ידו על Exodus 14:16; Isaiah 23:11 + (compare Psalms 21:12), הניף על to swing over Isaiah 11:15; Isaiah 19:16; השׁמיע על to proclaim over Jeremiah 4:16; Amos 3:9, compare Numbers 10:10; II Chronicles 13:12, נקרא שׁם על a name to be called over II Samuel 12:28 + (see קרא).

From the sense of inclining or impending over, על comes to denote contiguity or proximity, Engl. by (or sometimes on):—

in designating localities, especially those beside water, Genesis 14:6 עַל־הַמִּדְבָּר by the wilderness, Genesis 16:7 עַל עֵין הַמַּיִם by the spring of water, Genesis 24:13, Genesis 24:30; Genesis 29:2 three flocks lying עָלֶיהָ by it (the well), Genesis 41:1 Numbers 3:26; Numbers 13:29 על־הים by the sea, Numbers 22:5; Numbers 24:6 gardens עֲלֵי נָהָר Deuteronomy 3:12; Deuteronomy 33:8; Judges 5:19; Judges 7:1; I Samuel 1:9 על מזוזת היכל י׳ (Ezekiel 46:2), I Samuel 4:1; II Kings 2:7 and they stood על־הירדן by the Jordan, II Kings 25:4 Isaiah 19:7; Isaiah 38:20 Psalms 1:3 planted by water-courses, Jeremiah 17:2, Jeremiah 17:8; Job 30:4; Job 31:9 על פתח by the entrance, Proverbs 14:19, + often.; על הדרך by the way Genesis 38:21; I Samuel 24:4; Ezekiel 48:24 על גבולו adjoining his border; עבר על to pass by a place I Kings 9:18; Jeremiah 18:16 +, figuratively עבר על פשׁע to pass by transgression, that is to overlook it, Micah 7:18 al.: על יְמִין … on the right of … Psalms 110:5 +, עַל יַד …, עַל יֶרֶךְ …, עַל כֶּתֶף … on the side of … (see these words): less freq. (except as c) with ref. to persons, Numbers 2:5 וְהַחֹנִים עָלָיו and those encamping next him, v Numbers 2:12, Numbers 2:20, Numbers 2:27 Numbers 6:9 וכי ימות מת עליו, II Kings 11:11 by the king round about (compare Numbers 3:26 above), עבר על פ׳ Genesis 18:5; II Kings 4:9 +.

II Samuel 9:7, II Samuel 9:10 to eat bread עַל שֻׁלְחַן פּ׳ at any one’s table, Exodus 16:3 when we sat עַל־סִיר הַבָּשָׂר, I Samuel 20:24 Kt to sit עַל־חַלֶּהֶם at meat; I Samuel 25:13; I Samuel 30:24 to remain עַל־הַכֵּלִים; Proverbs 23:30 to tarry long על־היין at (or over) the wine, Job 39:9 עַל־אֲבוּסֶֽךָ ׃ at thy crib: compare הַיּוֹשֵׁב עַל הַמִּשְׁפָּט Isaiah 28:6.

Idiomatically, with עָמַד and נִצַּב to stand by (literally over,—orig. no doubt with ref. to one supposed to be seated), Genesis 18:2 three men נִצָּבִים עָלָיו standing by him, v Genesis 18:8 and he עֹמֵד עליו standing by him under the tree, Genesis 24:30 by the camels, Genesis 28:13; I Samuel 4:20; II Samuel 1:9; II Samuel 20:11, II Samuel 20:12; Amos 7:7; especially of persons standing about a superior, as servants or courtiers, Genesis 45:1; Judges 3:19; I Samuel 22:6, I Samuel 22:7, I Samuel 22:17, of persons surrounding a judge Exodus 18:13, Exodus 18:14, of י׳’s heavenly ministers, I Kings 22:19 (compare Isaiah 6:2 ממעל לו), Zechariah 4:14, and with התיצב Zechariah 6:5 Job 1:6; Job 2:1; also of one standing by (proposes leaning over) an altar or sacrifice Numbers 23:3, Numbers 23:6; I Kings 13:1 (compare 7 b); Amos 9:1; of an Ashérah by an altar Judges 6:25, Judges 6:28 (compare אֵצֶל Deuteronomy 16:21) ortree Jeremiah 17:2; compare II Samuel 12:17 (קום) Exodus 2:15; II Samuel 2:13 (ישׁב).

In connexion with verbs of motion (actual or figuratively):—

of motion from a higher place downwards, down upon: thus (a) המטיר על to rain upon Genesis 2:5; Genesis 19:24, ירד על Genesis 15:11, יצק על to pour upon Genesis 28:18, נפל על צוארי פ׳ Genesis 33:4, נפל על פניו to fall on his (own) face Genesis 17:3, Genesis 17:17, שׂם על to put upon, Genesis 21:14; Genesis 22:6, Genesis 22:9; Genesis 24:47 (v Genesis 24:22 Sam Dillmann), נתן על כף to place on the hand of … Genesis 40:11, Genesis 40:21, השׁליך על II Samuel 20:12, etc.; compare Job 29:22 וְעָלֵימוֹ תִּטֹּף מִלָּתִי, Micah 3:5; Nahum 3:12. (b) In diff. figuratively connexions, as of sleep falling upon one, Genesis 2:21; Genesis 15:12; of fear Genesis 9:2; I Samuel 11:7 (see פַּחַד, חֲרָדָה, אֵימָה); of good or bad fortune, especially the latter, coming upon one, as with בוא and הביא, Genesis 27:12; Deuteronomy 28:2 (in good sense), v Deuteronomy 28:15, Jeremiah 5:12; Jeremiah 19:3 (רעה, as often); of retribution, reproach, the Divine wrath, etc., with diff. verbs (הביא, נתן, ירד, חול, היה, etc.), as Genesis 20:9; Numbers 12:11 חטאה; Genesis 42:36 עָלַי הָיוּ כֻלָּנָה upon me are they all; Numbers 18:5 + (היה קֶצֶף על); Deuteronomy 19:10 דם (compare אל II Samuel 21:2 Septuagint Wellhausen Driver), Judges 9:24; I Kings 2:32; II Samuel 16:8; Hosea 12:15; II Samuel 3:29; II Samuel 15:14; I Samuel 11:2 חרפה; Jeremiah 14:16; Jeremiah 26:15 דם נקי (‖ אל), Jonah 1:14; Ezekiel 7:3, Ezekiel 7:4, Ezekiel 7:8; Ezekiel 23:49; Ezekiel 36:29; Psalms 7:17; Psalms 94:2, Psalms 94:23; Psalms 109:5 וישׂימו עלי רעה תחת טובה (lay upon me: but Hu וישיבו, Proverbs 17:13), Psalms 140:11; שָׁפַךְ חֵמָה על Ezekiel 7:8 + often; without a verb, Genesis 16:5 חֲמָסִי עָלֶיךָ my wrong be upon thee, Jeremiah 51:35 (‖ אל); Genesis 27:13 עלי קללתך; Genesis 38:29 (accents, RV^m); II Samuel 1:16 דמיך על ראשׁך; II Samuel 14:9 עָלַי הֶעָוֹן; Isaiah 24:17; Jeremiah 48:43; Jeremiah 50:27; Ezekiel 13:3; הוֹי עַל …; Psalms 55:16 Kt.; of a blessing, Exodus 32:29 Psalms 3:9, a curse Deuteronomy 30:7, mercies (probably conceived spec. as descending from heaven) Psalms 33:22; Psalms 86:13; Psalms 90:17; Psalms 103:17 (with גבר be mighty over or upon, v Psalms 103:11 Psalms 117:2), Psalms 116:12; Psalms 145:9; Ezra 3:11, שׁלום Psalms 125:5; Psalms 128:6; I Chronicles 22:9. (c.) Introducing the object upon which an action, or emotion, especially if accompanied by a gesture, is conceived as being directed (but with some of these words, especially when they refer to an event, rather than a person, as Exodus 18:9, על is to be explained from Exodus 18:1 b). Thus with verbs denoting the manifestation of joy or giref, as שׂושׂ to rejoice over, גיל, שׂמח, התענג, התפאר, שׂחק, אבל, ספד, שׁמם, בכה Judges 11:37 +, נשׂא (משׁל) קינה to take up a lament, or proverb, over (see these words); probably also in הִנָּבֵא על prophecy over Ezekiel 11:4; Ezekiel 13:17 +; with חוּס, חָמַל, רִחַם to shew compassion on (compare I Kings 3:26 [Genesis 43:30 אל], Song of Songs 5:4 [Jeremiah 31:20 ל]); with שׁמר, שׁקד, הֵעִיר (Job 8:6) to guard or watch over; with יעץ to counsel upon Isaiah 14:26 +, חשׁב to devise (usually in bad sense, Jeremiah 29:11 in good), דִּבֶּר (רעה Jeremiah 11:17 +, טובה Jeremiah 18:20; Jeremiah 32:42), הֵקִים דָּבָר Jeremiah 29:10. Of more distinctly phys. acts, with בכה to weep on Genesis 45:14, Genesis 45:15 +, שׁרק to hiss, ספק or תקע כף to clap the hand, הִכָּה כף Ezekiel 22:13 (‖ אל); Isaiah 5:30 to growl over, Isaiah 31:4 Ezekiel 36:2; Job 30:5; הִתְוַדָּה to confess over (the goat), Leviticus 16:21; Exodus 30:10 (probably); Deuteronomy 21:6; Job 6:27; Job 40:30.

From a lower place upwards, up upon, up to, as עלה על to go up upon: Exodus 20:23; I Samuel 2:28; I Kings 12:33; II Kings 16:12; II Chronicles 1:6 (an altar, that is to a ledge beside it; compare II Kings 23:9, and ירד Leviticus 9:22; I Kings 1:53); Judges 9:51; Isaiah 14:14; Isaiah 40:9, etc.; to come up upon (in diff. connexions) Exodus 10:12; Leviticus 16:9 (figuratively), Leviticus 19:19; I Samuel 1:11; I Samuel 6:7; I Kings 10:16, I Kings 10:17; figuratively עלה על לב Isaiah 65:17 + (see לב, לבב, 3 d); in Hiph. I Kings 20:23 וַיַּעֲלֵהוּ עַל הַמֶּרְכָּבָה, Amos 8:10 (compare 1 a a), II Samuel 1:24; Ezekiel 37:6 Psalms 137:6 (figuratively), II Chronicles 3:5, II Chronicles 3:14 (= ornamented with); Deuteronomy 28:61 (compare Exodus 15:26); II Chronicles 20:34 the history of Jehu which הֹעֲלָה עַל was brought up upon (that is inserted in) the book of, etc. (compare II Chronicles 32:32; and כתב על above 1); compare נטה יד על־השׁמים up to heaven Exodus 9:22; Exodus 10:21; Exodus 17:16.

Expressing direction towards (not common, except in sense against: see below)—(a) with verbs of motion, properly of a person (or thing) moving to another so as either to stand above, or rest upon, it (compare Pusey^{Min. Pr. 333}), Exodus 34:12 הארץ אשׁר אתה בא עליה (simil., of a land, or place, Exodus 18:23 Numbers 11:12; I Kings 2:26 עֲנָתֹת לֵךָ עַל־שָׂדֶיךָ, Ezekiel 32:9; Jeremiah 3:18; Jeremiah 16:13; Jeremiah 22:26, and after שׁוּב or הֵשִׁיב Jeremiah 16:15; Jeremiah 22:27; Jeremiah 23:3; Jeremiah 24:6 [but אֶל Jeremiah 27:22; Jeremiah 30:3 al.], Ezekiel 29:14; Genesis 40:13 וֶהֱשִׁיבְךָ עַל־כַּנֶּ֑ךָ, Genesis 41:13, Genesis 30:33 כִּי תָבֹא עַל שְׂכָרִי to view my hire; Leviticus 21:11; Numbers 6:6 בא על נפשׁ מֵת to come in upon a corpse; בא על אשׁה Genesis 19:31; Deuteronomy 25:5 (usually אל); Joshua 3:16 מַיִם יֹרְדִים עַל יָם, Ezekiel 47:8; I Kings 18:12 יִשָּֽׂאֲךָ עַל־אֲשֶׁר לֹא־אֵדָ֑ע, Psalms 19:7; II Kings 16:12; II Chronicles 20:24; Isaiah 53:1 upon whom (coming from above) was י׳’s arm revealed? Isaiah 62:10 הרימו נֵס על העמים over towards (but Isaiah 49:22 אל): but often it is doubtful if this force is perceptible; and in generally על in such cases seems to be used merely as a syn.—perhaps as a slightly more graphic syn.—of אֶל (compare p. 41); in the later language, also, it may be due partly to the infl. of Aramaic, which does not use אֶל; thus (α) with a personal obj., with assemble or be assembled, Exodus 32:1; II Samuel 17:11; I Kings 8:5; I Kings 11:24; II Kings 22:20 (II Chronicles 34:28 and usually אל), II Chronicles 13:7, עלה Genesis 38:12; Joshua 2:8; I Samuel 14:10 (v I Samuel 14:9, I Samuel 14:12 אל), עבר I Samuel 14:4 (v I Samuel 14:1 אל), בא II Samuel 15:4 (see Driver) I Chronicles 12:23, יצא II Kings 24:12, הוליך II Kings 25:20, נגע Judges 20:34, Judges 20:41 (compare Isaiah 6:7; Jeremiah 1:9), נס Isaiah 10:3, הלך Isaiah 22:15 (אל … על), נשׂא Isaiah 30:6, שׁלח II Kings 18:27 (אל … על … על: ‖ Isaiah 36:12אל … אל … על), Jeremiah 26:15; Jeremiah 29:31; I Chronicles 13:2; II Chronicles 28:16; II Chronicles 30:1; II Chronicles 32:9, II Chronicles 32:31; II Chronicles 36:15; Nehemiah 6:3, נגשׁ Ezekiel 9:6, שׁב, השׁיב Nehemiah 4:6; Malachi 3:24 (see c), followed by על י׳ II Chronicles 15:4; II Chronicles 30:9, התיצּב II Chronicles 11:13; letters going על פ׳ Nehemiah 2:7; Nehemiah 6:17 (v ^b אל). (β) of places, Genesis 24:49; II Samuel 2:19 + על ימין to the right; with הלך I Samuel 2:11; I Kings 20:43 על־ביתו (I Kings 21:4 אל), II Samuel 15:20 ואני הולך על אשׁר אני הולך, Jeremiah 1:7; Ezekiel 1:20 (v Ezekiel 1:12 אל), הוליך I Kings 1:38 (v I Kings 1:33 אל), נהר Micah 4:1 (‖ Isaiah 2:2 אל), Jeremiah 31:12 (אל … על), נגשׁ Ezekiel 44:13 (‖ אל), עלה I Samuel 24:23; II Samuel 19:1 I Kings 6:8 (‖ אל), Ezekiel 41:7, בא Jeremiah 14:3; Jeremiah 51:51, (על הר) הביא Isaiah 66:20 (Isaiah 56:7 אל), ירד Jeremiah 36:12, הִטָּה Proverbs 21:1, הסיר II Samuel 6:10 (‖ I Chronicles 13:13 אל), נתן Isaiah 29:12 (v Isaiah 29:11 אל) Micah 1:14; Micah 3:5; Genesis 42:37, השׁיב, שׁב, Numbers 33:7; Jeremiah 11:10 (figuratively, עַל עֲוֹנוֹת), Psalms 35:13 Job 34:15 (Genesis 3:19 אל), Proverbs 26:11. Ecclesiastes 1:6; I Kings 17:21, I Kings 17:22 (compare I Samuel 30:12 אל) השׁתחוה Leviticus 26:1 (probably), Isaiah 60:14; pregn. Isaiah 24:22 אֻסְּפוּ עַל בּוֹר be collected (and delivered) into a dungeon: compare חוּשׁ עַל Job 31:5 (figuratively), also to requite עַל־חֵיק Isaiah 65:6; Isaiah 65:7 Kt. (Jeremiah 32:18 Psalms 79:12 אל). After נראה appear, Psalms 90:16 (אל … על). And as far as, unto (nearly = עַל) Genesis 49:13 וְיַרְכָתוֹ עַל צִידוֹן Joshua 2:7; Joshua 18:13; Joshua 19:12; Jeremiah 31:39; Ezekiel 47:18; Ezekiel 48:21, Ezekiel 48:28 Psalms 48:11; I Chronicles 5:16. (b) With אמר say to, II Kings 22:8; Jeremiah 18:11 (אל … על), Jeremiah 22:6; Jeremiah 23:2, Jeremiah 23:35 (על … אל), Jeremiah 36:29; Jeremiah 44:20 (אל … על), דבר I Samuel 1:13 (Genesis 24:45 אל), I Kings 9:5; Hosea 12:11; Jeremiah 6:10; Jeremiah 10:1; Jeremiah 11:2 (אל … על), speak to Jeremiah 25:2 (על … אל), Jeremiah 26:2, compare Esther 1:17, היה דבר י׳ Jeremiah 25:1; I Chronicles 22:8 compare I Chronicles 11:10, ענה II Samuel 19:43, קרא Isaiah 34:14; II Chronicles 32:18, שִׁוַּע Psalms 18:42, הֵרַע I Kings 17:20, שֹׁרֵר, שָׁר sing Proverbs 25:20; Job 33:27, החליק Proverbs 29:5 (Psalms 36:3 אל), התפלל I Samuel 1:10, כתב II Chronicles 30:1; Ezra 4:7; Esther 8:8, שׁמע II Kings 20:13 (= Isaiah 39:2), Isaiah 22:13; Jeremiah 23:16; Jeremiah 26:5; Jeremiah 35:18; Haggai 1:12; see also הקשׁיב, האזין, הבין, התבונן, השׂכיל. (c) Expressing (or implying) the direction of the mind, II Samuel 14:1 לב המלך על אבשׁלם; Malachi 3:24; Ezra 6:22; Song of Songs 7:11 וְעָלַי תְּשׁוּקָתוֹ (Genesis 3:16; Genesis 4:7 אל); שָׂם לִבּוֹ על Job 1:8 (Job 2:3 אל), I Samuel 25:25 (אל … על); Jeremiah 22:17 thy eyes and thy heart are only (set) upon (על) …, I Chronicles 12:17; I Kings 1:20; II Chronicles 20:12 כִּי עָלֶיךָ עֵינֵינוּ (elsewhere אל), I Kings 2:15 עָלַי שָׂמוּ פניהם, Psalms 146:5 שִׂבְרוֹ על י׳; Isaiah 10:25 וְאַפִּי עַל־תַּבְלִיתָם be (directed) towards their destruction, Jeremiah 32:31 (Gf Ewald: compare RV); compare שׁעה על look to (trustfully) Isaiah 17:7; Isaiah 31:1. (The uses a, b, c are all exceptional: אל would be regularly employed.) (d) With the force of over and towards (compare 5 and 7 a b, end): Psalms 65:5 נוֹרָא עֲלִילָה עַל; to shine, etc. on, Psalms 31:17 הָאִירָה פָנֶיךָ עַל (Numbers 6:25 אל); רָאָה עַל Exodus 5:21; הוֹפִיעַ עַל Job 10:3; וְשַׂמְתִּי עֵינִי עַל Amos 9:4 + (compare Job 14:3; Job 24:3; Job 34:21); הִשְׁקִיף עַל look out over Psalms 14:3 +.

In a hostile sense, upon, against: so very often, after every kind of verb expressing or implying attack, as בא Genesis 34:25, Genesis 34:27, נֶאֱסַף v Genesis 34:30, קצף to be angry Genesis 40:2, לון to murmur Exodus 15:24, עמד stand up Leviticus 19:16 +, קָם rise up Deuteronomy 19:11; Amos 7:9, נלחם Deuteronomy 20:10, חנה I Samuel 11:1 Psalms 27:3, עלה II Kings 17:3, חרה אף Zechariah 10:3 (usually בְּ), שׁפך סללה Isaiah 37:33, צוּר besiege Deuteronomy 20:12, חשׁב to devise Genesis 50:20; Jeremiah 11:19, דִּבֶּר Deuteronomy 13:6 +, etc.: add Job 16:4^(×2), Job 16:9, Job 16:10, Job 16:13; Job 19:12; Job 21:27; Job 30:12, etc.; היה על II Samuel 11:23; Numbers 31:3: הִנְנִי עָלַיִךְ (see אֶל 4); note also Judges 9:31; Judges 20:5: without a verb Isaiah 9:20; Judges 16:12 פלשׁתים עליך the Philistines are upon thee, Judges 20:9 עָלָיהָ בְּגוֹרָל Against it by lot!

By writers of the silver age, על is sometimes used with the force of a dative, I Chronicles 13:2 אִם עֲלֵיבֶם טוֹב (in classical Hebrew בְּעֵינֵיבֶם) if it seems good to you, אִם עַל הַמֶּלֶךְ טוֹב †Nehemiah 2:5, Nehemiah 2:7 Esther 1:19; Esther 3:9; Esther 5:4, Esther 5:8; Esther 7:3; Esther 8:5; Esther 9:13 (compare in Aramaic Ezra 5:17; Ezra 7:18); שָׁפַר עַל Psalms 16:6 (compare in Aramaic Daniel 4:24); עָרַב עַל Psalms 104:34 (elsewhere לְ); רַע עַל Ecclesiastes 2:17 (see De; compare בְּאֵשׁ עַל Daniel 6:15): comp. Job 22:2 סָכַן על be profitable to, Job 33:23; also גָּמַל עַל (in both good and bad sense: see גמל), Nehemiah 5:19 עשׂה על, Nehemiah 9:30 משׁך על prolong (mercy) to; הִטָּה חֶסֶד עַל Ezra 7:28; Ezra 9:9 (Genesis 39:21 אל): I Samuel 20:8 read probably עם for על. compare Mish. חביב על, dear to; סני על hateful to; Syriac ܕܚܺܝܡ ܥܰܠ, ܡܩܰܒܰܠ ܥܰܠ, pleasant, acceptable to.—Comp. in generally the uses of عَلَى,, W^{AG ii. § 59}.

With other particles:—עַל אַהֲרֵי Ezekiel 41:15; עַל בֵּין Ezekiel 19:11 (compare אל Ezekiel 31:10, Ezekiel 31:14); עַל לִפְנֵי Ezekiel 40:15; עַל מֵעַל Ezekiel 41:17 (text doubtful), v Ezekiel 41:20; עַל עֵבֶר Exodus 25:37 (compare אל Ezekiel 1:9, Ezekiel 1:12); עַל־כָּ֫כָה Esther 9:26 (see p. 462).—On עַל־יַד, עַל־יְדֵי, עַל פִּי, עַל־פְּנֵי, see יָד, פֶּה, פָּנִים.

As conjunction:

עַל אֲשֶׁר because that … (compare above, II 1st feminine b), Exodus 32:35 and י׳ plagued the people על אשׁר עשׂו because they had made, etc., Numbers 20:24; Deuteronomy 29:24 (in answer to על מה: so I Kings 9:9; Jeremiah 16:11; Jeremiah 22:9), Deuteronomy 32:51^(×2) I Samuel 24:6; II Samuel 3:30; II Samuel 6:8; II Samuel 8:10; II Samuel 12:6 Psalms 119:49 +.

עַל כִּ׳ similar in meaning, but less frequent: †Deuteronomy 31:17; Judges 3:12; Jeremiah 4:28; Malachi 2:14 Psalms 139:14.

עַל alone: (a) because, †Genesis 31:20 עַל בְּלִי הִגִּיד, Psalms 119:136 עַל לֹא. (b) notwithstanding that (above, 1st feminine f), although, †Isaiah 53:9 עַל לֹא חָמָס עָשָׂה although he did no violence, Job 16:17 עַל לֹא חָמָס בְּכַפָּ֑י.

Compounds:—

with כְּ (rare and late),

as concerning, as upon †Psalms 119:14 כְּעַל כָּל־הוֹן, II Chronicles 32:19.

(pleonastically for כְּ), † Isaiah 59:18 כְּעַל גְּמֻלוֹת כְּעַל יְשַׁלֵּם the like of their deeds is the like of (that which) he will repay (כְּעַל repeated on the anal. of כְּ Numbers 15:15; Hosea 4:9: see כְּ) = according to their deeds is (that which) he will repay, Isaiah 63:7 according to.

מֵעַל₃₀₄ from upon, from over, from by—used with much delicacy of application in many different connexions, corresponding mostly with the different senses of על. Thus

from upon idiomatically, when removal, motion, etc., from a surface is involved, as מעל האדמה, מעל פני האדמה from upon (the face of) the ground, usually with expel, destroy, perish, etc. Genesis 4:14; Genesis 6:7; Genesis 7:4; Exodus 32:12; Deuteronomy 6:15; Deuteronomy 28:21:Deuteronomy 28:63 + often especially Je and compiler of K; to be lifted up מעל הארץ Genesis 7:17 Ezekiel 1:19, Ezekiel 1:21 +, to return or be dried (of water) מעל הארץ Genesis 8:3, Genesis 8:7, Genesis 8:11, Genesis 8:13; to roll a stone מֵעַל פִּי הַבְּאֵר Genesis 29:3; of the cloud departing מעל האהל Numbers 9:17; Numbers 12:10, compare Nehemiah 9:19; to rise up מֵעַל הַכִּסֵּא Judges 3:20; I Kings 2:4, מֵעַל מִשְׁכָּבוֹ II Samuel 11:2; to alight (נָפַל) מֵעַל הַגָּמָל Genesis 24:64 (compare Joshua 15:18 צנח, I Samuel 25:23 ירד), ירד מֵעַל הַמֶּרְכָּבָה Judges 4:15; II Kings 5:21; (נפל); to take מֵעַל רֹאשׁ Genesis 40:19 II Samuel 12:30, מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ Leviticus 16:12; Numbers 17:11; Isaiah 6:6; to see מֵעַל הַגָּג II Samuel 11:2; to shoot מֵעַל הַחוֹמָה v II Samuel 11:20, II Samuel 11:24; to speak מֵעַל הַכַּפֹּרֶת Exodus 25:22; Numbers 7:89; to cast down מֵעַל יָדַיִם Deuteronomy 9:17; Leviticus 8:28 (כַּפַּיִם); to break, remove, etc., a yoke (צוארך) מעל שׁכמך Genesis 27:40; Isaiah 10:27; Jeremiah 28:10, Jeremiah 28:11; to wipe tears מֵעַל כָּל־פָּנִים Isaiah 25:8; to take a bandage מעל עיניו I Kings 20:41 (compare על v I Kings 20:38); often of putting off a garment or ornament, as Genesis 38:14, Genesis 38:19 וַתָּסַר צְעִיפָהּ מֵעָלֶיהָ, Exodus 33:5 הוֹרֵד עֶדְיְךָ מֵעָלֶיךָ, a sandal Exodus 3:5; Joshua 5:15, a ring מֵעַל יָדוֹ Genesis 41:42; to seek (דרשׁ), or hear, words מֵעַל הַסֵּפֶר Isaiah 34:16; Jeremiah 36:11 (compare כתב על ספר above); pregn. with בָּלָה to wear away (and fall) from off, Deuteronomy 8:4; Deuteronomy 29:4, compare of the bones or skin in disease Job 30:17 עֲצָמַי נִקַּר מֵעָלָ֑י are pierced (and drop) from off me, v Job 30:30 עוֹרִי שָׁחַר מעלי is black (and falls) from off me; figuratively I Samuel 1:11 הָסִירִי יֵינֵךְ מֵעָלַיִךְ remove thy wine from off thee; Numbers 14:9 סָר צִלָּם מֵעֲלֵיהֶם; Judges 16:19, Judges 16:20 י׳ סר מעליו (with allusion to the hair, as the seat of Samson’s strength), I Samuel 16:23 (compare על in v I Samuel 16:16).

Of relief from a burden or trouble: as of a plague, stroke, rod, etc., removed from (resting) on one, Exodus 10:17 וְיָסֵר מֵעָלַי אֶת־הַמָּוֶת הַזֶּה, Numbers 21:7; Numbers 25:8 וַתֵּעָצַר הַמַּגֵּפָה מֵעַל ישׂר׳ (II Samuel 24:21, II Samuel 24:25), Psalms 39:11 הָסֵר מֵעָלַי נִגְעֶ֑ךָ, Job 9:34; Job 13:21 Joel 2:20; of reproach Joshua 5:9; Isaiah 25:8 Psalms 119:22, iniquity Ezekiel 18:31; Zechariah 3:4, bloodguiltiness, I Kings 2:31, wrath Judges 8:3; Numbers 25:11; Proverbs 24:18, murmurings Numbers 17:21, Numbers 17:25; הֵקֵל מֵעַל to lighten from upon one Exodus 18:22 +; Amos 5:23 הָסֵר מֵעָלַי הֲמוֹן שִׁירֶיךָ; pregn. Jonah 1:11, Jonah 1:12 that the sea יִשְׁתֹּק מֵעָלֵינוּ may be calm from off us; מֵעָלָיו שְׁעֵה look away from him Job 14:6; to remove, etc., מֵעַל פָּנַי (see פָּנִים); I Samuel 6:20 to whom shall he go up מֵעָלֵינוּ from upon us (relieving us of his presence); so often of an army retiring from a country or raising a siege, II Samuel 10:14 ויָּשָׁב יוֹאָב מֵעַל בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן, II Samuel 20:21 וְאֵלְכָה מֵעַל הָעִיר, v II Samuel 20:22 II Kings 3:27; II Kings 18:14, especially with עָלָה, נַעֲלָה, I Kings 15:19; Jeremiah 21:2; Jeremiah 37:5, Jeremiah 37:11 +; II Samuel 19:10 David fled מעל אבשׁלום from Absalom (whom his presence had encumbered), Nehemiah 13:28 וָאַבְרִיחֵהוּ מֵעָלַי, compare Genesis 13:11; Genesis 25:6 Numbers 20:21 וַיֵּט ישׂר׳ מֵעָלָיו, II Chronicles 20:10; Exodus 10:28 לֵךְ מֵעָלַי (contemptuously; be no more obnoxious to me), similarly II Samuel 13:17 שׁלחו־נא את־זאת מעלי (Amnon of Tamar).

From beside (compare על 6 c), in different nuances: Genesis 17:22 God went up מעל אברהם from beside A., Genesis 35:13; Genesis 18:3 אל נא תעבר מעל עבדך (compare על v Genesis 18:5), Genesis 42:24 Numbers 16:26, Numbers 16:27; I Kings 1:53 to come down מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ (compare על I Kings 13:1; 6 c and 7 b); from attendance on Genesis 45:1 (compare על ib.), Judges 3:19 וַיֵּצְאוּ מֵעָלָיו כָּל־הָעֹמְדִים עָלָיו I Samuel 17:15 (see Driver), II Samuel 13:9, compare I Samuel 13:8, I Samuel 13:11 II Kings 25:5 (Jeremiah 36:21 read עַל, מ being dittogr.), compare II Chronicles 35:15; from attachment to, רָחַק מֵעַל י׳ Jeremiah 2:5; Ezekiel 11:15; Ezekiel 44:10, compare Ezekiel 8:6, סָר מֵעַל י׳ Jeremiah 32:40; Ezekiel 6:9, תָּעָה מֵעַל י׳ Ezekiel 44:10, Ezekiel 44:15, compare Ezekiel 14:5; Deuteronomy 13:11; also סָר מֵעַל חַטֹּאות II Kings 10:31; II Kings 15:18 (usually מֵחטאות), compare Ezekiel 14:6; Ezekiel 23:18; from companionship with, Job 19:13 אַחַי מֵעָלַי הִרְחִיק; from accompanying protectingly I Samuel 28:15 וֵאלֹהִים סָר מֵעָלַי, v I Samuel 28:16 (compare על Psalms 110:5; and see Driver); from adhesion to II Kings 17:21 קָרַע ישׂראל מֵעַל בֵּית דָּוִד, Isaiah 7:17; Isaiah 56:3 יַבְדִּילַנִי י׳ מֵעַל עַמּוֹ, Hosea 9:1 זָנִיתָ מֵעַל אֱלֹהֶיךָ.

In late Hebrew, = עַל above: II Kings 25:28 נָתַן כִּסְאוֹ מֵעַל כִּסֵּא וגו׳ (‖ Jeremiah 52:32 more class. מִמַּעַל לְ), Esther 3:1 Psalms 108:5 גדול מעל שׁמים (‖ Psalms 57:11 עַד), Psalms 148:4 Ecclesiastes 5:7 גָּבֹהַּ מֵעַל גָּבֹהַּ שֹׁמֵר, Nehemiah 3:28; Nehemiah 8:5; II Chronicles 34:4 לְמַעְלָה מֵעֲלֵיחֶם on high above them; Ezekiel 41:17, Ezekiel 41:20; Proverbs 14:14 read w. Capp. וּמִמַּעֲלָלָיו.—see p. 1126 on Haggai 2:15, Haggai 2:18; Zechariah 11:13.

מֵעַל לְ (chiefly late, and pleonastically for עַל, or else = the more class. syn. מִמַּעַל לְ): (a) Genesis 1:7 מֵעַל לָרָקִיעַ (Ezekiel 1:26 מִמַּעַל לְ׳), Ezekiel 1:25 (text doubtful; see Comm.), I Samuel 17:39; Jonah 4:6; Malachi 1:5 upon, over the border (territory) of Israel (so Köhl Ke: but Hitzig Ewald Wellhausen beyond), II Chronicles 13:4 upon mount Zemaraim, II Chronicles 24:20. (b) beside II Chronicles 26:19 מֵעַל לְמִזְבַּח הַקְּטֹרֶת; Nehemiah 12:31^(×2), Nehemiah 12:37, Nehemiah 12:38^(×2), Nehemiah 12:39 doubtful: BeRy (in all) off the side of (מִן 6) = at a little distance from; Ke in v Nehemiah 12:31, Nehemiah 12:38 upon, in v Nehemiah 12:37, Nehemiah 12:38, Nehemiah 12:39 by the side of (an … vorüber).

עַלְוָה

transp. from עַוְלָה (q.see) Hosea 10:9.

עַלְוָה²

n.pr.m. in Edom Genesis 36:40 = I Chronicles 1:51 Qr (Kt עליה), Septuagint Γωλα; SeptuagintL^Chr Αλουα.

עַלְוָן

n.pr.m. in Edom Genesis 36:23, Septuagint Γωλων, Γωλαμ = I Chronicles 1:40 Qr (Kt עלין), Septuagint Σωλαμ, A Ιωλαμ, SeptuagintL Αλουαν.

עֵלִי²

עַלְיָה

see עלוה, עלון.

עָלַל

verb Poʿēl, act arbitrarily (toward) (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, deal with (rare), and deriv.; Arabic عَلَّ do a thing (drink, beat, give) a second time, ii. divert, occupy, see divert, occupy oneself with (food, a woman, etc.); Syriac ܥܶܠܬܳܐ cause, occasion, affair);—act severely, always c. ל person: past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular עוֹלַלְתָּ לִי Lamentations 1:22 as thou hast acted severely to me (in punishment, subj. י׳); לְמִי ע׳ Lamentations 2:20 to whom hast thou acted thus severely? 3rd feminine singular עֵינִי עוֹלְלָה לְנַפְשִׁי Lamentations 3:51 my eye deals severely with me, that is gives me pain (?; text doubtful; compare Perles^{Anal. 18} Budde). imperative (ציווי) ms. עוֹלֵל לָמוֹ Lamentations 1:22 deal severely with them.—Vid. also ע׳ denom. below Pōʿal past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular מַכְאֹבִי אֲשֶׁר עוֹלַל לִי Lamentations 1:12 my pain which is severely dealt out to me.

past (עבר) 1. busy, divert oneself with (compare Arabic see), always c. ב person: 1st singular אֶת־אֲשֶׁר הִתְעַלַּלְתִּי בְּ׳ Exodus 10:2 how I [י׳] have made a toy of Egypt; especially deal wantonly, ruthlessly with (ב person): 3rd masculine singular הִתְעַלֵּל I Samuel 6:6; 2nd feminine singular הִתְעַלַּלְתְּ Numbers 22:29 (JE; Balaam’s ass); 3rd plural וְהִתְעַלְּלוּ consec. I Samuel 31:4 = I Chronicles 10:4; Jeremiah 38:19; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural וַיִּתְעַלְּלוּ־בָהּ Judges 19:25 (of abusing a woman; ‖ וַיֵּדְעוּ אֹתָהּ). Hithpōʿ. infinitive (מקור) construct לְהִתְעוֹלֵל עֲלִלוֹת Psalms 141:4 to practise practice in wickedness (perhaps denom.).

עוֹלֵלוֹת

noun (fem.)plural intens. gleaning (going over a second time);—gleaning (of grapes and olives; לֶקֶט of grain), always figuratively of remnant: absolute ע׳ Isaiah 17:6 (‖ כְּנֹקֶף זַיִת), Isaiah 24:13 (sim.; ‖ the same, + בָּצִיר), Jeremiah 49:9 (compare בֹּצְרִים v a) = Obadiah 1:5 (the same); construct עֹלְלֹת בָּצִיר Micah 7:1; figuratively of warlike achievement עֹלְלוֹת אֶפְרַיִם Judges 8:2 (opposite בָּצִיר).

עָלַל²

verb denom. Pōʿ. glean (grapes or olives; לִקֵּט of grain);—future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular תְּעוֹלֵל Leviticus 19:10 (obj. כֶּרֶם; ‖ תְּלַקֵּט), Deuteronomy 24:21 (absolute, + אַחֲרֶיךָ); 3rd masculine plural figuratively (+ infinitive (מקור) absolute) עוֹלֵל יְעוֹלְלוּ כַגֶּפֶן שְׁאֵרִית יִשְׂרָאֵל Jeremiah 6:9; וַיְעֹלְלֻהוּ Judges 20:45 they made a gleaning of them (that is smote the fugitives).

עֲלִילָה

noun (fem.) wantonness, deed;—absolute ע׳ Psalms 14:1; Psalms 66:5; elsewhere plural עֲלִלוֹת I Samuel 2:3 Psalms 141:4; construct עֲלִילֹת Deuteronomy 22:14, Deuteronomy 22:17; with suffix עֲלִילוֹתֶיךָ Psalms 77:13, עֲלִילוֹתָם Zephaniah 3:7 +, etc.;—

wantonness, ע׳ דְּבָרִים Deuteronomy 22:14, Deuteronomy 22:17 wantonness of words, that is baseless charges (compare Dillmann, especially Driver).

deed:

in generally, of men I Samuel 2:3.

of י׳ (only ψψ) Psalms 9:12 = Psalms 105:1 = Isaiah 12:4 = I Chronicles 16:8, Psalms 77:13 (‖ פָּעֳלֶ֑ךָ), Psalms 78:11 (‖ נִפְלְאוֹתָיו), Psalms 103:7; נוֹרָא ע׳ עַל Psalms 66:5 he is terrible in deed toward, etc.

usually practices = evil deeds (especially Ez 8 times): Ezekiel 14:22, Ezekiel 14:23; Ezekiel 20:43; Ezekiel 24:14; Ezekiel 36:17, Ezekiel 36:19 (all ‖ דֶּרֶךְ), fully ע׳ הַנִּשְׁחָתוֹת Ezekiel 20:44 (‖ ד׳ הָרָעִים); Ezekiel 21:29 Zephaniah 3:11; הִשְׁחִיתוּ כָּל־ע׳ v Zephaniah 3:7.

עוֹלֵל²

noun (masc.) Lamentations 2:19 child;—absolute עוֹלֵל I Samuel 15:3 +, עוֹלָל Jeremiah 6:11; Jeremiah 9:20; usually plural עוֹלְלִים Psalms 8:3, עֹלְלִים Job 3:16, עוֹלָלִים Lamentations 4:4 Joel 2:16; construct עֹלְלֵי Lamentations 2:20; with suffix עֹלָלַיִךְ Psalms 137:9, עֹלָלֶיהָ Micah 2:9 +, עֹלְלֵיהֶם II Kings 8:2 +, etc.;—child Micah 2:9 Lamentations 2:19, Lamentations 2:20; Lamentations 4:4; + יוֹנֵק (sometimes disting. from men and women), I Samuel 15:3; I Samuel 22:19 Psalms 8:3 Jeremiah 44:7 Lamentations 2:11 Joel 2:16, ‖ בַּחוּרִים Jeremiah 6:11; Jeremiah 9:20; ‖ בָּנִים Psalms 17:14 (heirs of father); dashed in pieces (רטשׁ) by for II Kings 8:12; Hosea 14:1; Nahum 3:10; Isaiah 13:16, compare Psalms 137:9 (נִפֵּץ); taken captive Lamentations 1:5; stillborn Job 3:16.

עָלַל³

verb denom. act or play the child;—only Pōʿ. participle (בינוני) עַמִּי נֹגְשָׂיו מְעוֹלֵל Isaiah 3:12 my people—its ruler is acting the child.

עָלַל⁴

verb insert, thrust in (Arabic غَلَّ whence غُلٌّ yoke; compare Old Aramaic עלל, Targum עֲלַל, Syriac ܥܰܠ, all enter);—only Pōʿ. past (עבר) 1st singular וְעֹלַלְתִּי בֶעָפָר קַרְנִי Job 16:15 figuratively of humiliation.

עֹל²

noun (masc.) I Kings 12:4 yoke;—ע׳ absolute Hosea 11:4 +; construct Isaiah 9:3 +; with suffix עֻלֵּךְ Jeremiah 2:20 Isaiah 47:6, עֻלּוֹ Genesis 27:40 +, עֻלְּכֶם I Kings 12:11, etc.;—yoke, for cattle, עָלָה עֲלֵיהֶם ע׳ I Samuel 6:7, compare Numbers 19:2, מָֽשְׁכָה בְּע׳ Deuteronomy 21:3; usually figuratively of servitude I Kings 12:4, I Kings 12:10, I Kings 12:11^(×2), I Kings 12:14^(×2) = II Chronicles 10:4, II Chronicles 10:10, II Chronicles 10:11^(×2), II Chronicles 10:14; נָתַן ע׳ עַל I Kings 12:4, I Kings 12:9 = II Chronicles 10:4, II Chronicles 10:9; וְנָתַן ע׳ בַּרְזֶל עַל־צַוָּארֶ֑ךָ Deuteronomy 28:48, so Jeremiah 28:14; עַל־זָקֵן הִכְבַּדְתְּ ע׳ Isaiah 47:6; also אֶת־צַוָּארוֹ בְּעֹל (הֵבִיא) נָתַן Jeremiah 27:8, Jeremiah 27:11, Jeremiah 27:12; שָׁבַר ע׳ break the yoke Jeremiah 2:20; Jeremiah 5:5; Jeremiah 28:2, Jeremiah 28:4, Jeremiah 28:11; Jeremiah 30:8 (+ מֵעַל צ׳), so מֹטֹת ע׳ Leviticus 26:13, Ezekiel 34:27 (see מוֹטָה); פָּרַק ע׳ Genesis 27:40 (J; + מֵעַל צ׳); הֵחֵת ע׳ Isaiah 9:3; compare הֵרִים ע׳ Hosea 11:4; also יָסוּר ע׳ מֵעַל צ׳ Isaiah 10:27, and Isaiah 14:25; figuratively of transgressions Lamentations 1:14, del. ע׳ Septuagint Vulgate Löhr Budde, but read עֹל v b (see the same); of hardship, נָשָׂא ע׳ Lamentations 3:27.

עָלַם

verb conceal (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, der. spec.);—

participle (בינוני) passive עֲלֻמֵנוּ Psalms 90:8 as noun our secret, that is hidden sin (‖ עֲוֹנֹת).

past (עבר) be concealed, of wisdom, 3rd feminine singular נֶעֶלְמָה מֵעֵינֵי Job 28:21; of a fact or condition, נֶעְלַם II Chronicles 9:2, וְנ׳ consec. Leviticus 5:2, Leviticus 5:3, Leviticus 5:4 (all c. מִן person), וְנ׳ מֵעֵינֵי Leviticus 4:13; Numbers 5:13 (all P); participle (בינוני)

נֶעְלָם concealed, c. הָיָה in periphrastic conjug. I Kings 10:3 (מִן person); absolute כָּל־נֶעְלָם Ecclesiastes 12:14.

fs. תְּהִי נַעֲלָמָה Nahum 3:11 mayest thou become obscured (as to the senses; figuratively for swoon), but very doubtful, read perhaps נעלפה? [Driver].

plural נַעֲלָמִים Psalms 26:4 those who conceal themselves, that is their thoughts, dissemblers (‖ מְתֵי שָׁוְא).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הֶעְלִים II Kings 4:27; 3rd plural הֶעְלִימוּ Ezekiel 22:26; future (עתיד) 2 ms. תַּעְלִים Psalms 10:1, תַּעְלֵם Lamentations 3:56; 3rd masculine plural יַעְלִימוּ Leviticus 20:4, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַעְלֵם v Leviticus 20:4; participle (בינוני) מַעְלִים Job 42:3; Proverbs 28:27;—conceal, hide, c. מִן person II Kings 4:27 (‖ לֹא הִגִּיד לִי); usually hide the eyes from (מִן), that is disregard Isaiah 1:15; Ezekiel 22:26, הַעְלֵם יַע׳ וגו׳ Leviticus 20:4, מִן om. Proverbs 28:27; hide the eyes by (ב) a bride I Samuel 12:3 (that is pervert justice, but see i. עַיִן 3 d); hide (cover) the ear Lamentations 3:56 (turn a deaf ear); hide (obscure) counsel (עֵצָה) Job 42:3; לָמָה תַּע׳ Psalms 10:1 why dost thou [י׳] hide, sc. thine eyes (so most), or practise concealment (= hide thyself)?

past (עבר) 2 ms. consec. וְהִתְעַלַּמְתָּ מֵהֶם Deuteronomy 22:1, Deuteronomy 22:4 and thou hide thyself completely from them (utterly neglect to aid), so infinitive (מקור) construct (מֵהֶם om.) לְהִתְעַלֵּם v Deuteronomy 22:3; so also future (עתיד) c. מִן, תִּתְעַלַּם Psalms 55:2, תִּתְעַלָּ֑ם Isaiah 58:7; once literally יִתְעַלֶּם־שָׁ֑לֶג Job 6:16 wherein snow hides itself.

עַלְמוֹן

n.pr.location (compare Sab. n.pr. עלמן Hal¹⁹²);—priestly city in Benj. Joshua 21:18, Septuagint Γαμαλα, A Αλμων, SeptuagintL Ελμων; = עָלֶמֶת in ‖ I Chronicles 6:45 (Septuagint Γαλεμεθ, SeptuagintL Αλαμωθ); mod. ʿAlmît, c. 1 hour NE. of Jerusalem, see Buhl^{Geogr. 175}.

עֲלָמוֹת

etc., see עַלְמָה sub II. עלם.

עָלֶ֫מֶת

n.pr.m. a Benjamite I Chronicles 8:36; I Chronicles 9:42, עָלָ֑מֶת I Chronicles 7:8; Septuagint Σαλαμαιθ, Γαλεμαθ, Αλαμωθ, etc.

n.pr.location (= עַלְמוֹן q.see) I Chronicles 6:45 Baer Ginsb (van d. H. עַלֶּמֶת).

עַלְמָה

noun (fem.) young woman (ripe sexually; maid or newly married);—ע׳ Genesis 24:43, Exodus 2:8, Proverbs 30:19 Isaiah 7:14; plural עֲלָמוֹת Psalms 68:26 Song of Songs 1:3; Song of Songs 6:8; עַל־עֲלָמוֹת to (the voice of) young women, either literally, or of soprano or falsetto of boys: I Chronicles 15:20 Psalms 9:1 (read עַל־עֲלָמוֹת לַבֵּן [for עַל־מוּת לַבֵּן, ‘voce virginea a pueris decantandum,’ Gesenius' Thesaurus), Psalms 46:1; Psalms 48:15 (read עַל־עֲלָמוֹת [for עַל־מוּת]; tr. probably to Psalms 49:1).

עוֹלָם²

noun (masc.) long duration, antiquity, futurity;—ע׳ Genesis 9:12 + 405 times; עֹלָם Genesis 3:22 + 19 times; עֵילוֹם II Chronicles 33:7, read probably עוֹלָם (for other explan. see note in Kittel^Haupt); with suffix עֹלָמוֹ Ecclesiastes 12:5; plural עוֹלָמִים Isaiah 26:4 + 7 times, עֹלָמִים Psalms 145:13 + 2 times; construct עוֹלְמֵי Isaiah 45:17;—

of past time:

ancient time: יְמֵי ע׳ days of old Isaiah 63:9, Isaiah 63:11 Amos 9:11 Micah 5:1; Micah 7:14 Malachi 3:4; יְמוֹת ע׳ Deuteronomy 32:7; עַם ע׳ Isaiah 44:7 ancient people; גּוֹי מֵע׳ Jeremiah 5:15; חָרְבוֹת ע׳ old waste places Isaiah 58:12 Isaiah 61:4, compare Ezekiel 26:20 b; פִּתְחֵי ע׳ ancient gates Psalms 24:7, Psalms 24:9; ארח ע׳ Job 22:15; נתבות ע׳ Jeremiah 6:16; שְׁבִילֵי ע׳ Jeremiah 18:15; גבול ע׳ Proverbs 22:28; Proverbs 23:10; במות ע׳ Ezekiel 36:2; מִן (םֵ)ע׳ from of old Isaiah 64:3 Jeremiah 2:20 Joel 2:2, of the fathers Joshua 24:2, the prophets Jeremiah 28:8, the ancient נפלים Genesis 6:4; (Ezekiel 32:27 Septuagint Co for מערלים; but I Samuel 27:8 read מִטֵּלָם for מעולם Wellhausen Driver HPS); בהם ע׳ long in them Isaiah 64:4 (text doubtful).

מֵתֵי ע׳ the long dead Psalms 143:3 Lamentations 3:6; so עַם ע׳ Ezekiel 26:20.

of God, מֵע׳: former acts Isaiah 46:9; as redeemer Isaiah 63:16; of love Psalms 25:6, judgment Psalms 119:52, dominion Isaiah 63:19; long silence Isaiah 42:14; Isaiah 57:11*; his wisdom personif. Proverbs 8:23; his existence Psalms 93:2.

of things: גבעות ע׳ ancient hills Genesis 49:26, Habakkuk 3:6 (‖ הררי־עד), Deuteronomy 33:15 (‖ הררי קדם).

plural שְׁנוֹת עולמים Psalms 77:6 years of ancient times; דורות עולמים Isaiah 51:9; לעלמים Ecclesiastes 1:10 in olden times.

indef. futurity, c. preposition for ever, always (sometimes = during the lifetime); עֶבֶד עולם slave for ever Deuteronomy 15:17; I Samuel 27:12; Job 40:28; עָבַד לע׳ serve for ever Exodus 21:6, Leviticus 25:46; עד ע׳ I Samuel 1:22; גְּאֻלַּת ע׳ Leviticus 25:32 redemption at any time; הֲרַת ע׳ Jeremiah 20:17 ever pregnant (womb); כְּלִמַּת ע׳ v Jeremiah 20:11 of persecutors of Jeremiah; חרפת ע׳ Jeremiah 23:40; שַׁלְוֵי ע׳ Psalms 73:12 alway at ease; יְחִי לע׳ (יחיה) may the king live always I Kings 1:31; Nehemiah 2:3; compare אֹרֶךְ יָמִים עולם ועד Psalms 21:5; ישׁב עולם לפני אלהים Psalms 61:8; so of the pious, לע׳ לא ימוט Psalms 15:5; בל ימוט Proverbs 10:30, compare Psalms 30:7; other phr.: Psalms 37:27, Psalms 37:28 Psalms 41:13; Psalms 55:23; Psalms 61:8; Psalms 73:26; Psalms 121:8 Proverbs 10:25; ע׳ אשׁירה Psalms 89:2 I will sing for ever (as long as I live), compare Psalms 52:10; Psalms 115:18; Psalms 145:1, Psalms 145:2; הוֹדה לע׳ Psalms 30:13; Psalms 44:9; Psalms 52:11; Psalms 79:13; other emotions and activities continuous through life Psalms 5:12; Psalms 31:2 = Psalms 71:1, Psalms 75:10; Psalms 86:12; Psalms 119:44, Psalms 119:93, Psalms 119:98, Psalms 119:111, Psalms 119:112 Micah 4:5, compare לע׳ Micah 2:9.

= continuous existence, (1) of things: the earth, הָאָרֶץ לְעוֹלָם עֹמֶדֶת Ecclesiastes 1:4; other phr.: Psalms 78:69; Psalms 104:5, heavens and contents Psalms 148:6, ruined cities Isaiah 25:2; Isaiah 32:14 Ezekiel 26:21; Ezekiel 27:36; Ezekiel 28:19, ruined lands Jeremiah 18:16; Jeremiah 25:9, Jeremiah 25:12; Jeremiah 49:13, Jeremiah 49:33; Jeremiah 51:26, Jeremiah 51:62 Ezekiel 35:9 Zephaniah 2:9; לעד עד ע׳ Isaiah 30:8 for a witness for ever, in a book; (2) of nations: לעולם אהיה Isaiah 47:7 (Babylon loqu.), compare Psalms 81:16 Obadiah 1:10; ישׁב לע׳ of Judah Joel 4:20; (3) families Psalms 49:12 Isaiah 14:20; the dynasty of Saul I Samuel 13:13; house of Eli I Samuel 2:30; (4) national relations: איבת ע׳ continual enmity Ezekiel 25:15; Ezekiel 35:5; of exclusion from קהל י׳, עד ע׳ Deuteronomy 23:4 = Nehemiah 13:1; various relations Isaiah 32:17; Isaiah 34:10; חרפת ע׳ perpetual reproach Psalms 78:66, of dynasty of David II Samuel 3:28; II Samuel 12:10 I Kings 2:33, families v I Kings 2:33 II Kings 5:27 Psalms 106:31 Jeremiah 35:6.

of divine existence: אל עולם Genesis 21:33; אלהי ע׳ Isaiah 40:28; חי אנכי לע׳ Deuteronomy 32:40; חֵי הע׳ Daniel 12:7; of divine name, זה שׁמי לְע׳ Exodus 3:15, compare II Chronicles 33:7 (see above); blessing and praise of it II Samuel 7:26 = I Chronicles 17:24, Psalms 72:19; Psalms 135:13; of י׳ himself Psalms 89:53; attributes, אהבה Jeremiah 31:3 I Kings 10:9; חסד Isaiah 54:8 Psalms 89:2; Psalms 138:8; לע׳ חַסְדּוֹ I Chronicles 16:34, I Chronicles 16:41 II Chronicles 5:13; II Chronicles 7:3, II Chronicles 7:6; II Chronicles 20:21 Ezra 3:11 Psalms 100:5; Psalms 106:1; Psalms 107:1; Psalms 118:1, Psalms 118:2, Psalms 118:3, Psalms 118:4, Psalms 118:29; Psalms 136:1 + 25 times, Jeremiah 33:11; כבוד Psalms 104:31; אמת Psalms 117:2; Psalms 146:6; צדק Psalms 119:142; עצה Psalms 33:11; reign Exodus 15:18, Psalms 10:16; Psalms 66:7; Psalms 92:9; Psalms 146:10 Jeremiah 10:10 Micah 4:7; יהוה לע׳ ישׁב Psalms 9:8; Psalms 29:10; Psalms 102:13 Lamentations 5:19; presence in Zion I Chronicles 23:25; Isaiah 33:14; Isaiah 60:19, Isaiah 60:20 Ezekiel 37:28; Ezekiel 43:7, Ezekiel 43:9; his salvation Isaiah 51:6, Isaiah 51:8; זרעת ע׳ Deuteronomy 33:27 everlasting arms; כל אשׁר יעשׂה האלהים יהיה לע׳ Ecclesiastes 3:14.

of God’s covenant: בְּרִית ע׳ everlasting covenant Genesis 9:16; Genesis 17:7, Genesis 17:13, Genesis 17:19 Exodus 31:16 Leviticus 24:8 Numbers 18:19 (all P), II Samuel 23:5; I Chronicles 16:17 = Psalms 105:10, Isaiah 24:5; Isaiah 55:3; Isaiah 61:8 Jeremiah 32:40; Jeremiah 50:5; Ezekiel 16:60; Ezekiel 37:26; covenant with Noah, לְדֹרֹת ע׳ Genesis 9:12; God remembers it I Chronicles 16:15 = Psalms 105:8, Psalms 111:5; will not break it, לע׳ Judges 2:1; אוֹת ע׳ Exodus 31:17; אוֹת עד ע׳ Deuteronomy 28:46.

of God’s laws: דבר(ים) Isaiah 59:21 Psalms 119:89; משׁפט Psalms 119:160; עדות v Psalms 119:144, Psalms 119:152; חק ע׳ Exodus 29:28; Exodus 30:21, Leviticus 6:11, Leviticus 6:15; Leviticus 7:34; Leviticus 10:15; Leviticus 24:9 Numbers 18:8, Numbers 18:11, Numbers 18:19, also Jeremiah 5:22 (of bounds of sea); חק עד ע׳ Exodus 12:24, חֻקַּת ע׳ v Exodus 12:14, Exodus 12:17; Exodus 27:21; Exodus 28:43; Exodus 29:9 Leviticus 3:17; Leviticus 7:36; Leviticus 10:9; Leviticus 16:29, Leviticus 16:31, Leviticus 16:34; Leviticus 17:7; Leviticus 23:14, Leviticus 23:21, Leviticus 23:31, Leviticus 23:41; Leviticus 24:3, Leviticus 24:8; Numbers 10:8; Numbers 15:15; Numbers 18:23; Numbers 19:10, Numbers 19:21 (most of these in fact specif. Jewish and temporary); temple to bear God’s name, עד ע׳ I Kings 9:3 = II Chronicles 7:16; לע׳ II Kings 21:7 II Chronicles 33:4; consecrated לע׳ II Chronicles 30:8; its ceremonies לע׳ II Chronicles 2:3; Levit. priesthood, לשׁרתו עד ע׳ I Chronicles 15:2; Aaronic priesthood, לברך בשׁמי עד ע׳ I Chronicles 23:13^(×2).

of God’s promises: his word, יקום לע׳ Isaiah 40:8; promised dynasty of David, עד (ה)ע׳ II Samuel 7:13, II Samuel 7:16^(×2), II Samuel 7:25 = I Chronicles 17:12, I Chronicles 17:14^(×2), I Chronicles 17:23 Psalms 18:51 = II Samuel 22:51; I Kings 2:33, I Kings 2:45 I Chronicles 22:10 Psalms 89:5; לע׳ I Kings 9:5; I Chronicles 28:4, I Chronicles 28:7; II Chronicles 13:5 Psalms 89:29, Psalms 89:37 II Samuel 7:29^(×2) = I Chronicles 17:27^(×2); of holy land I Chronicles 28:8, אֲחֻזַּת ע׳ Genesis 17:8; Genesis 48:4 Leviticus 25:34; given לע׳ Exodus 32:13 II Chronicles 20:7; עד ע׳ Genesis 13:15, inherited לע׳ Isaiah 60:21 Psalms 37:18; עד ע׳ Isaiah 34:17; dwelt in עד ע׳ Ezekiel 37:25; other blessings, לע׳ Deuteronomy 5:26 Hosea 2:21; עד ע׳ Deuteronomy 12:28; II Samuel 7:24 = I Chronicles 17:22, Psalms 133:3; שִׂמְחַת ע׳ Isaiah 35:10; Isaiah 51:11; Isaiah 61:7; דֶּרֶךְ ע׳ Psalms 139:24; שׁם ע׳ Isaiah 56:5; Isaiah 63:12; אות ע׳ Isaiah 55:13; גאון ע׳ Isaiah 60:15; Jerus. to abide לע׳ Jeremiah 17:25 Psalms 125:1, compare Jeremiah 31:40; עד ע׳ Psalms 48:9.

of relations between God and his people, לע׳ I Chronicles 29:18 Psalms 45:18; Psalms 85:6; Psalms 103:9; Psalms 145:21; Isaiah 57:16; Jeremiah 3:5, Jeremiah 3:12; Lamentations 3:31; Joel 2:26, Joel 2:27; עד (ה)ע׳ Psalms 28:9 Malachi 1:4.

of Messianic dynasty and king: (ל)ע׳ Psalms 110:4; having divine throne Psalms 45:7; name endures Psalms 72:17; established Psalms 89:38; God blesses him Psalms 45:3; of his reign, מעתה ועד ע׳ Isaiah 9:6.

= indefinite, unending future: live לע׳ Genesis 3:22; Job 7:16; הנביאים הלע׳ יִחְיוּ Zechariah 1:5 the prophets, can they live for ever? compare חדל לע׳ Psalms 49:9; c. neg. never Ezra 9:12; Proverbs 27:24.

after death: שׁנת ע׳ Jeremiah 51:39, Jeremiah 51:57; בית ע׳ Ecclesiastes 12:5; חַיֵּי ע׳ Daniel 12:2; דראון ע׳ v Daniel 12:2; also v Daniel 12:3 Jonah 2:7; Ecclesiastes 2:16; Ecclesiastes 9:6.

= age (duration) of the world: את העלם נתן בְּלִבָּם Ecclesiastes 3:11 the age of the world he hath set, etc. (compare especially Mishnaic Hebrew; others i).

plural intens. everlastingness, eternity: תשׁועת עולמים Isaiah 45:17; צדק עלמים Daniel 9:24; צור עולמים Isaiah 26:4 (RVm rock of ages); מלכוּת כל עלמים Psalms 145:13; also Psalms 61:5; Psalms 77:8; I Kings 8:13 = II Chronicles 6:2.

special phr.: מ(ה)עולם (ו)עד (ה)עולם (מן) from everlasting to everlasting, of י׳ Psalms 90:2, חסד י׳ Psalms 103:17; benedictions I Chronicles 16:36 = Psalms 106:48, Nehemiah 9:5; I Chronicles 29:10 Psalms 41:14; the land given למן עולם ועד עולם Jeremiah 7:7; Jeremiah 25:5; מעתה ועד עולם from now and for ever Psalms 115:18; Psalms 121:8 (that is as long as one lives); of people’s hope in God Psalms 131:3; dynasty of David Isaiah 9:6; of God’s acts, words, etc. Micah 4:7; Isaiah 59:21 Psalms 125:2, compare Psalms 113:2;—see further i. עַד p. 723.

עֲלָמוֹת²

see עַלְמָה, II. עלם.

עָלַף

verb cover (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, cover, faint; Arabic غَلَفَ smear, ii. cover, غِلَافٌ sheath; Assyrian elpitu, pining, exhaustion);—

participle (בינוני) f. covered, encrusted, construct מְעֻלֶּפֶת Song of Songs 5:14 his belly of ivory encrusted with sapphires. past (עבר) 3rd plural בָּנַיִךְ עֻלְּפוּ Isaiah 51:20 thy sons are enshrouded, enwrapped, that is their senses obscured = have swooned away; so also Ezekiel 31:15, reading 3rd feminine singular עֻלָּ֑פָה for noun עֻלְפֶּה (Konig^{ii. 1, 113}), all the trees have fainted for (עַל) him (so Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate Hitzig Co al.).

enwrap oneself, future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular וַתִּתְעַלָּ֑ף Genesis 38:14; = swoon away, 3rd masculine singular וַיִּתְעַלָּ֑ף Jonah 4:8; Jonah 4:3 fpl. תִּתְעַלַּפְנָה Amos 8:13.

עֻלְפֶּה

Ezekiel 31:15 see foregoing.

עָלַץ

verb rejoice, exult (Mishnaic Hebrew the same (rare); Hiph. future (עתיד) יעליצו Ecclus 4:20; Assyrian elêṣu, exult; Sab. מעלץ joys CIS ^{iv, Noldeke. 197, 1. 5. 7}; see also עלז, עלס);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ע׳ לִבִּ׳ בְּי׳ I Samuel 2:1 my heart exulteth in י׳; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַעֲלֹץ הַשָּׂדֶה I Chronicles 16:32 the field exulteth; compare 3rd feminine singular תַּעֲלֹץ קִרְיָה Proverbs 11:10 (‖ רנן); 1st singular אֶעֶלְצָה בָּ֑ךְ Psalms 9:3 (that is in י׳; + שׂמה, ‖ זמּר); 3rd masculine plural יַעְלְצוּ בְךָ Psalms 5:12 (in י׳; ‖ שׂמח, רנן); יַעַלְצוּ לִפְנֵי אֱלֹהִים Psalms 68:4 (+ שׂמח, ‖ שׂישׂ); + לִי Psalms 25:2 exult at me; infinitive (מקור) construct בַּעֲלֹץ Proverbs 28:12 when the righteous exult.

עֹלָ֫תָה

Job 5:16 etc., see עַוְלָה sub עָוַל.

עַם

see sub I. עמם.

עָמַד

take one’s stand, stand (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Phoenician עמד; Assyrian emêdu, stand, set up; Arabic عَمَدَ prop up, support, and deriv.; Ethiopic ዐምድ: pillar; Targum עַמּוּדָא pillar, Syriac ܥܰܡܽܘܕܳܐ, Palmyrene עמודא, compare also n.pr. תימעמד; Sab. עמד pillar, according to CIS^{iv. 91} (or other deriv. from √ עמד DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 5}), plural אעמדן pillars DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. aus Abess. 80});—

past (עבר) ע׳ Genesis 19:27 +, 3rd feminine singular עָֽמְדָה II Kings 13:6 +, etc.; future (עתיד) יַעֲמֹד Exodus 21:21, יַעֲמוֹד Nahum 1:6 +, יַעֲמָד־ I Samuel 16:22 +; 1st singular אֶעֱמֹ֑דָה Habakkuk 2:1, וָאֶעֱמֹד II Samuel 1:10; 3rd masculine plural יַעַמְדוּ Jeremiah 32:14 +, יַעֲמֹ֑דוּ Ezekiel 1:21 +; f. יַעֲמֹדְנָה Daniel 8:22; 2nd masculine plural וַתַּעַמְדוּן Deuteronomy 4:11, etc.; imperative (ציווי) עֲמֹד I Samuel 9:27 +, עֲמָד־ II Samuel 1:9; fs. עִמְדִי Isaiah 47:12; Jeremiah 48:19, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute עָמֹד Esther 9:16; construct עֲמֹד Exodus 18:23 +, with suffix עָמְדִי Jeremiah 18:20, עֲמָדְךָ Obadiah 1:11, etc.; participle (בינוני) עֹמֵד Isaiah 3:13 +, f. עֹמֶ֫דֶת Haggai 2:5 +, etc.;—

stand, be in a standing attitude: c. עַל by, I Samuel 26:13; II Samuel 2:25; II Kings 2:7 +, so pt. Genesis 18:8, Genesis 41:1, Genesis 41:17 +, עַל on, Exodus 3:5, Deuteronomy 27:12 +; c. ב location Exodus 32:26; Numbers 22:24, Numbers 22:26 (all JE), +; c. אֶל location I Kings 20:38 (+ לְ person), Jeremiah 48:19; Ezekiel 21:26; Ezekiel 27:29; c. אֶל person I Samuel 17:51; II Kings 5:25; c. אֵצֶל Genesis 41:3, Ezekiel 9:2; Ezekiel 10:6; Nehemiah 8:4; c. לִפְנֵי Genesis 18:22; I Kings 3:16; I Kings 8:22 +; before י׳, for intercession Genesis 19:27, Deuteronomy 4:10; Jeremiah 15:1; Jeremiah 18:20, etc.; take one’s stand and do a thing I Samuel 17:8; I Kings 8:55; II Kings 18:28 = Isaiah 36:13 +; followed by inf. I Kings 8:11 = II Chronicles 5:14 +.

stand forth (to speak, etc.) II Kings 10:9 +.

take a stand against (עַל), in opposition to, Judges 6:31; Ezra 10:15 (but stand over, = have charge of, according to Kue^{Gesenius. Abh. 247 f.}) II Chronicles 26:18; compare עַל־דַּם Leviticus 19:16 against the blood of, that is seek one’s blood, life; c. יָ֑חַד Isaiah 50:8 together, that is against each other.

present oneself before (לִפְנֵי) Genesis 43:15, Exodus 9:10, Numbers 27:2, Numbers 27:21, I Samuel 16:21 +; before י׳ (in sanctuary) Deuteronomy 19:17; Jeremiah 7:10 compare Jeremiah 18:20 Leviticus 9:5; so in heaven I Kings 22:21 = II Chronicles 18:20; c. ב location of child at birth Hosea 13:13, in palace (as retainer, courtier) Daniel 1:4.

c. לִפְנֵי attend upon, be (come) servant of I Samuel 16:22 (see Driver), I Kings 1:2 +; servant of י׳ I Kings 17:1; I Kings 18:15 II Kings 3:14; II Kings 5:16 Jeremiah 15:19; priests (לְשָֽׁרְתוֹ) לִפְנֵי י׳ Deuteronomy 10:8; Judges 20:28; Ezekiel 44:15; II Chronicles 29:11; of Levites, stand before congreg. for menial duties Ezekiel 44:11; Numbers 16:9.

stand afar מֵרָחוֹק Exodus 20:15, Exodus 20:18, Isaiah 59:14 Psalms 38:12, בְּר׳ Psalms 10:1; מִנֶּגֶד מֵר׳ II Kings 2:7; stand aloof, מִנֶּגֶד Obadiah 1:11 Psalms 38:12.

stand (silent) Job 32:16.

stand (appealingly) Job 30:20 (but read עָמַדְתָּ, of God, Me Hitzig Duhm).

stand, subj. רֶגֶל Zechariah 14:4 (עַל location), Psalms 122:2 (ב location) so Psalms 26:12 (figuratively).

stand, of water, עַל־הָרִים Psalms 104:6. Vid. also preps. אֶל, אֵצֶל, עַל, מִמַּעַל, עִם, etc.

stand still, stop, cease moving, of moon Joshua 10:13 (JE; ‖ וַיִּדֹּם), sun v Joshua 10:13, both, Habakkuk 3:11; of person I Samuel 9:27 (opposite עָבַר), II Samuel 2:28 (opposite רָדַף), עִמְדוּ עֲמֹ֫דוּ Nahum 2:9 +; stop flowing (of oil) II Kings 4:6; remain standing, c. תַּחְתֵּינוּ Judges 7:21; I Samuel 14:9 etc.; of eruption in skin = remain unchanged Leviticus 13:23, Leviticus 13:28; so (without ת׳) Leviticus 13:5, Leviticus 13:37 (all P).

= be inactive II Chronicles 20:17 (opposite לְהִלָּחֵם, + הִתְיַצְּבוּ).

= be attentive Job 37:14.

stop, cease doing a thing II Kings 13:18; c. מִן Genesis 29:35; Genesis 30:9 (both J), Jonah 1:15.

tarry, delay Genesis 45:9, Joshua 10:19 (JE; opposite רָדַף), I Samuel 20:38 (opposite מְהֵרָה, חוּשָׁה), +.

remain, c. ב location II Kings 15:20; Deuteronomy 10:10; c. עִמָּדִי Deuteronomy 5:25 (opposite שׁוּב); + inf. purpose Esther 7:7.

continue, abide Leviticus 13:5; Jeremiah 32:14; Isaiah 66:22 Psalms 102:27 Ecclesiastes 2:9; = dwell Exodus 8:18 (J; עַל location); לָעַד Psalms 19:10; Psalms 111:3, Psalms 111:10; Psalms 112:3, Psalms 112:9; לְעוֹלָם Psalms 33:11 Ecclesiastes 1:4; בְּתוֹךְ Haggai 2:5; of plan = be established Psalms 33:11 (earlier קוּם, as Isaiah 14:24), so Esther 3:4; Daniel 11:17 b; = maintain itself (earlier קוּם Joshua 2:11) Ecclesiastes 2:9; לֹא יַעֲמָד־בִּי כֹחַ Daniel 10:17.

endure Exodus 18:23, Ezekiel 22:14 (‖ חָזַק).

be steadfast Deuteronomy 25:8; Ruth 2:7.

persist Ecclesiastes 8:3.

make a stand, hold one’s ground, Amos 2:15; II Kings 10:4; Malachi 3:2 +; c. לִפְנֵי Judges 2:14; II Kings 10:4; Esther 9:2 +, בִּפְנֵי Joshua 10:8; Joshua 21:44 (Ginsb; van d. H. Baer v Joshua 21:42), Joshua 23:9 (all D); c. עַל, for one’s life Esther 8:11; Esther 9:16.

stand upright:

remain standing II Kings 13:6; of head II Kings 6:31 remain upright upon him (עָלָיו); of house (figuratively of endurance) Job 8:15, Proverbs 12:7.

stand up, opposite sit, Nehemiah 8:5; Job 29:8 (+ קוּם); opposite lie prostrate Ezekiel 2:1 (עַל־רַגְלֶיךָ), so Ezekiel 37:10 (the same), Daniel 10:11, v Daniel 10:11 (עַל־עָמְדֶ֑ךָ), Esther 8:4; of revival after death Daniel 12:13 (late for קוּם).

stand up, rise, of water Joshua 3:13 (+ apposs. נֵד אֶחָד), v Joshua 3:16 (+ קָמוּ + the same; both JE).

be erect, upright, of boards Exodus 26:15; Exodus 36:20.

arise, appear, come on the scene (= קוּם; late) Ezra 2:63 = Nehemiah 7:64, Psalms 106:30 (compare Ecclus 47:1, 12), especially Daniel 8:22^(×2), Daniel 8:23; Daniel 11:2, Daniel 11:3, Daniel 11:4; Daniel 12:1, compare Daniel 11:7 (כַּנּוֹ), v Daniel 11:20, Daniel 11:21 (עַל־כַּנּוֹ); c. תַּחַת instead of Ecclesiastes 4:15; of war I Chronicles 20:4, deliverance Esther 4:14.

stand forth, appear = come into being Isaiah 48:13 Psalms 33:9; Psalms 119:90.

rise up as foe (earlier קום Amos 7:9; Genesis 4:8), c. עַל against I Chronicles 21:1; II Chronicles 20:23; Daniel 8:25; Daniel 11:14, c. לְנֶגְדִּי against Daniel 10:13.

rare usages are:

ע׳ אֶת־ stand with, as attendant, servitor Genesis 45:1, Numbers 1:5.

take one’s stand in covenant, בַּבְּרִית II Kings 23:3.

stand עַל־חֶרֶב Ezekiel 33:26 (resort to the sword).

stand בְּסוֹד י׳ Jeremiah 23:18, Jeremiah 23:22 (see סוֹד).

be appointed Ezra 10:14.

stand before (לִפְנֵי) beast Leviticus 18:23 (carnal intercourse)

grow flat, insipid (Gie), taste of wine Jeremiah 48:11 (figuratively of Moab), or remain unchanged (so most, in that case compare 3 b).—עָמְדִי Daniel 11:1 is crpt., read probably עָמַדְתִּי, or עָמַד (מִיכָאֵל subj.), join then to Daniel 10:21 and del. Daniel 11:1; so Bev Behrm Marti^Kau.

(compare Driver^{Intr. (6) 535}) past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הֶעֱמִיד I Kings 12:32 +, 2nd masculine singular הֶעֱמַדְתָּה Psalms 30:8, וְהַעֲמַדְתָּ֫ Numbers 3:6 +, etc.; future (עתיד) יַעֲמִיד Proverbs 29:4 +, וַיַּעֲמֵד II Kings 8:1 +; 3rd feminine singular with suffix וַתַּעֲמִדֵנִי Ezekiel 2:2; Ezekiel 3:24, 1st plural וַנַּעֲמִיד Nehemiah 4:3, etc.; imperative (ציווי) הַעֲמֵד Isaiah 21:6; with suffix הַעֲמִידֶהָ Ezekiel 24:11; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַעֲמֵיד Nehemiah 7:3; construct הַעֲמִיד I Kings 15:4 +; participle (בינוני) מַעֲמִיד II Chronicles 18:34 (but seeHoph.);—

station, set, with a direct object Judges 16:25 (בֵּין); for duty Numbers 11:24 (E; סְבִיבֹת), I Kings 12:32 (ב location), II Chronicles 19:5 (the same), Nehemiah 13:11 (עַל־עָמְדָם), Isaiah 21:6 + (Nehemiah 4:7 read perhaps Qal, so Perles^{Anal. 65}), c. עַל against Nehemiah 4:3.

cause to stand firm Psalms 18:34 = II Samuel 22:34 (c. עַל location); maintain (opposite overthrow) Exodus 9:16, I Kings 15:4, compare Proverbs 29:4.

cause to stand up, set up, erect, with a direct object + עַל־רַגְלַי Ezekiel 2:2; Ezekiel 3:24, so עַל־עָמְדִי Daniel 8:18; temple Ezra 2:68 (על location), compare II Chronicles 24:13 (על location, of repairs); especially doors Nehemiah 3:1 + 7 times Ne; Asherim II Chronicles 33:19, compare II Chronicles 25:14.

+ לִפְנֵי present one before king Genesis 47:7, י׳ (in sanctuary) Leviticus 14:11 + 3 times P, + (of goat) Leviticus 16:7, priest Leviticus 27:8 + 4 times P, + (of beast) Leviticus 27:11.

appoint Nehemiah 7:3; I Chronicles 15:17 + (late); c. עַל over Nehemiah 13:9 +, c. inf. purpose Nehemiah 6:7 +, c. 2 direct object I Chronicles 15:16; = assign (land) to (ל) II Chronicles 33:8 (‖ II Kings 21:8 נָתַן); appoint courses of priests II Chronicles 8:14; II Chronicles 31:2, compare Nehemiah 13:30; ordain commandments, עַל person Nehemiah 10:33, compare II Chronicles 30:5; establish עַד־הָעוֹלָם I Chronicles 17:14 (ב location), compare II Chronicles 9:8 Psalms 148:6; with a direct object of covenant Psalms 105:10 = I Chronicles 16:17 (ל person + ל rei); c. חָזוֹן vision Daniel 11:14 (= fulfil, earlier הֵקִים).

other meanings:

ע׳ אֶת־פָּנָיו II Kings 8:11 have a fixed look.

with a direct object רַגְלַי + ב location Psalms 31:9 (figuratively).

make to stand (in a covt.; see ‖ II Kings 23:3) II Chronicles 34:32.

restore waste places Ezra 9:9.

+ לְפָנֶיהָ Esther 4:5, that is make servant to.

cause wind to arise Psalms 107:25.

= raise an army Daniel 11:11, Daniel 11:13.—II Chronicles 18:34 see Hoph.; Psalms 30:8 see עֹז; Ezekiel 29:7 see מָעַד.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָעֳמַד־ Leviticus 16:10 be presented (of goat), + לִפְנֵי י׳; participle (בינוני) הָיָה מָעֳמָד I Kings 22:35 he was caused to stand, that is propped up, in (ב) his chariot, so read also ‖ II Chronicles 18:34 (as Septuagint), for Masoretic Text מַעֲמִיד.—On past (עבר) הָעֳמַדְתִּי see עֹז Psalms 30:8.

עַמּוּד

noun (masc.) I Kings 7:15 pillar, column;—עַמּוּד absolute I Kings 7:15 +, construct Exodus 13:21 +; עַמֻּד absolute Jeremiah 52:21, construct Numbers 14:14; with suffix עַמּוּדוֹ II Chronicles 23:13; plural עַמּוּדִים I Kings 7:16 +, less often עַמֻּ׳ v I Kings 7:21 +; construct עַמּוּדֵי Exodus 26:32 + less often עַמֻּ׳ Exodus 38:17 +; with suffix עַמּוּדָיו Exodus 36:38 +, עַמֻּדָיו Exodus 27:10 +, etc.;—

pillar, supporting house Judges 16:25, Judges 16:26, Judges 16:29; pillars in tabern. Exodus 27:10, Exodus 27:11, Exodus 27:17; Exodus 36:38; Numbers 3:37 + 27 times Ex Nu, + עַמּוּדֵי שִׁטִּים pillars of acacia wood Exodus 26:32, Exodus 26:37; Exodus 36:36; pillars in Sol.’s palace I Kings 7:2, I Kings 7:3, I Kings 7:6, אוּלָם הָע׳ v I Kings 7:6, עַמּוּדֵי אֲרָזִים v I Kings 7:2 pillars of cedar; in Ezek.’s temple Ezekiel 42:6^(×2); ע׳ שֵׁשׁ Esther 1:6 (in palace), Song of Songs 5:15 (sim.).

two bronze pillars—I Kings 7:15; II Kings 25:13 = Jeremiah 52:17—before temple I Kings 7:15^(×2) + 14 times I Kings 7, + II Kings 25:16, II Kings 25:17^(×2) = Jeremiah 52:20, Jeremiah 52:21^(×2), Jeremiah 27:19; I Chronicles 18:8; II Chronicles 3:15, II Chronicles 3:16, II Chronicles 3:17 + 4 times II Chronicles 4; perhaps one was הָע׳ by which king stood in temple II Kings 11:14 = II Chronicles 23:13; II Kings 23:3; > ע׳ here = standing-place, platform Gesenius' Thesaurus al.; two pillars bef. Ezek.’s temple Ezekiel 40:49.

columns, uprights, of silver Song of Songs 3:10 (litter).

ע׳ עָשָׁן Judges 20:40 column of smoke: ע׳ (הֶ)עָנָן Exodus 13:21, Exodus 13:22 + 6 times JE, hence Nehemiah 9:12, Nehemiah 9:19 Psalms 99:7; ‖ ע׳ (הָ)אֵשׁ Exodus 13:21, Exodus 13:22, Numbers 14:14, Nehemiah 9:12, Nehemiah 9:19; ע׳ אֵשׁ וְעָנָן Exodus 14:24, all of the theoph at time of Exodus.

ע׳ בַּרְזֶל Jeremiah 1:18 (figuratively of proph.).

poet. of pillars of earth Job 9:5 Psalms 75:4, of heaven Job 26:11.

of wisdom’s house Proverbs 9:1.

עַמִּיאֵל

and similar n.pr. see sub I. עמם.

עָמַל

verb labour, toil (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic عَمِلَ labour, make; Sab. עמל work (? n. or verb) CIS ^{iv. Noldeke. 250}; Aramaic עֲמַל, ܥܡܰܠ; Zinj. עמל; Assyrian nîmelu, gain, possessions);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ע׳ Ecclesiastes 2:21; 3rd feminine singular עָֽמְלָה Proverbs 16:26; 2nd masculine singular עָמַלְתָּ Jonah 4:10; 1st singular עָמַלְתִּי Ecclesiastes 2:11 + 2 times; plural עָֽמְלוּ Psalms 127:1; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַעֲמֹל Ecclesiastes 1:3 + 3 times;—labour (very late): in building, c. בְּ Psalms 127:1; tillage, c. בְּ Jonah 4:10; generally, c. בְּ Ecclesiastes 2:21, c. לְ Proverbs 16:26; Ecclesiastes 5:15, c. לְ + inf. Ecclesiastes 8:17; עֲמָלוֹ שֶׁיַּעֲמֹל Ecclesiastes 1:3; Ecclesiastes 5:17, compare Ecclesiastes 2:11, Ecclesiastes 2:19, Exodus 2:20.

עָמָל

noun (masc.) ^{Job 4:8} f. Ecclesiastes 10:15 (against Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 113}, see Konig^{Synt. § 249 m}) trouble, labour, toil (on this form as abstr. see Lagarde^{BN 143} Barth^{NB 105});—ע׳ Numbers 23:21 +; construct עֲמַל Judges 10:16 +; with suffix עֲמָלִי Genesis 41:51 +, etc.;—

trouble (‖ sorrow): one’s own suffering, עָמָל וְיָגוֹן Jeremiah 20:18; ע׳ וָכַעַם Psalms 10:14; עֳנִי וע׳ Deuteronomy 26:7 Psalms 25:18; ע׳ וָאָ֑וֶן Psalms 90:10; ‖ אָוֶן Numbers 23:21; Job 5:6; ‖ שָֽׁוְא Job 7:3; ע׳ נפשׁו Isaiah 53:11; ע׳ בְּעֵינָ֑י Psalms 73:16; וַיַּסְתֵּר ע׳ מֵעֵינָ֑י Job 3:10; מְנַחֲמֵי ע׳ Job 16:2; אדם לע׳ יוּלָּד Job 5:7; בע׳ אנושׁ אינימוֹ Psalms 73:5; שׁכח ע׳ Job 11:16; נַשַּׁנִי ע׳ Genesis 41:51; ע׳ לא זכר Proverbs 31:7; תקצר נפשׁו בע׳ Judges 10:16.

trouble, mischief, as done to others: ‖ שֹׁד Proverbs 24:2; יֹצֵר ע׳ Psalms 94:20; ‖ רָע Habakkuk 1:13; יָשׁוּב ע׳ בְרֹאשׁוֹ Psalms 7:17; ע׳ וָאָ֑וֶן Psalms 10:7; און וע׳ Psalms 55:11; ‖ אָוֶן Isaiah 10:1; Isaiah 59:4; Habakkuk 1:3 Psalms 7:15; Job 4:8; Job 15:35; עֲמַל שְׂפָתֵימוֹ Psalms 140:10 mischief of their lips.

toil, labour (late in Hebrew): Ecclesiastes 2:10^(×2), Ecclesiastes 2:21, Ecclesiastes 2:24; Ecclesiastes 3:13; Ecclesiastes 4:4, Ecclesiastes 4:6, Ecclesiastes 4:8, Ecclesiastes 4:9; Ecclesiastes 5:14, Ecclesiastes 5:18; Ecclesiastes 6:7; Ecclesiastes 8:15; Ecclesiastes 10:15; c. עָמַל (q.see) Ecclesiastes 1:3; Ecclesiastes 2:11, Ecclesiastes 2:19, Ecclesiastes 2:20; Ecclesiastes 5:17; עָמֵל (שְׁהוּא) ע׳ שֶׁאֲנִי Ecclesiastes 2:18, Ecclesiastes 2:22; ע׳ אֲשֶׁר עָמֵל Ecclesiastes 9:9; = fruit of labour, ע׳ לְאֻמִּים יִירָ֑שׁוּ Psalms 105:44; וַיַּכְנַע בע׳ לִבָּם Psalms 107:12 he humbled their mind by toil.

עָמָל²

n.pr.m. name in Asher I Chronicles 7:35, Septuagint Αμαα, SeptuagintL Αλαμ.

עָמֵל

noun (masc.) ^{Proverbs 16:26} labourer, sufferer;—ע׳ Proverbs 16:26 + 2 times; plural עֲמֵלִים Judges 5:26;—

labourer, workman: Judges 5:26 Proverbs 16:26.

sufferer, Job 3:20 (‖ מָרֵי נֶפֶשׁ), Job 20:22.

עָמֵל²

adjective verb. toiling, only Ec, as pred.;—Ecclesiastes 2:18, Ecclesiastes 2:22; Ecclesiastes 3:9; Ecclesiastes 4:8; Ecclesiastes 9:9.

עֲמָלֵק

n.pr.gent. Amalek (on—ָ see Lagarde^{BN 162} Barth^{NB 160});—ancient people Numbers 24:20^(×2), S. of Canaan—in Negeb Numbers 13:29 (all JE), fierce and warlike Bedawin (compare GASm^{Geogr. 282} GFM Judges 6:3, Judges 6:33), foes of Isr. during Exodus Exodus 17:8 + 6 times Exodus 17, Deuteronomy 25:17, Deuteronomy 25:19; later marauders in Isr. territory Judges 3:13; Judges 6:3, Judges 6:33; Judges 7:12; Judges 10:12, defeated by Saul I Samuel 14:48; I Samuel 15:2 + times I Samuel 14:28, I Samuel 18, and by David I Samuel 30:18 (compare adjectivegent. below), II Samuel 8:12 = I Chronicles 18:11, compare Psalms 83:8; also הָע׳ II Samuel 1:1 (where read עֲמָלֵק or הָעֲמָלֵקִי, see Comm.); ע׳ I Chronicles 4:43; as grandson of Esau Genesis 36:12 = I Chronicles 1:36, Genesis 36:16; appar. connected with Ephr. territory Judges 5:14 (compare Judges 12:15 below; yet GFM conjunction עֵמֶק).—On Amalek see Noldeke^{Amalekites (1864)}; ^{Ency. Bi. s.see}.

עֲמָלֵקִי

adjectivegent. I Samuel 30:13; II Samuel 1:13, also (as pred.) v II Samuel 1:8; coll. = (the) Amalekites I Samuel 15:6, I Samuel 15:15; I Samuel 30:1, elsewhere c. art. הָע׳ Numbers 14:25, Numbers 14:43, Numbers 14:45 (J; all + הַכְּנַעֲנִי), I Samuel 27:8; שְׂדֵה הָע׳ Genesis 14:7; הַר הָע׳ Judges 12:15 (in Ephraim); read הָע׳ also Judges 1:16 (for הָעָם) Budde GFM, > עֲמָלֵק Hollenb Mey Kittel^Kau; on II Samuel 1:1 see foregoing

עָמַם

verb (√ of following compare Arabic عَمَّ be comprehensive, include; عَمٌّ company; also paternal uncle; perhaps Assyrian ummanu, people; Sab. עם either (a) people, or (b) paternal uncle CIS^{iv. p. 20}; plural with suffix אעממהו = (b) Mordtm^{Himj. Inschr. 45. 70}; also often in n.pr. CIS^{iv. Noldeke. 5, 1. 99, 7} etc., Prät^{Neue Beitr. 25} Hom^{Chrest. 12, 133; A. und A. 6} Wellhausen^{GGN 1893, 480}).

עַם²

noun (masc.) Genesis 11:6 (see below) people (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, plebeian, common man; Targum עַמָּא people, plural peoples, tribes, etc.; Syriac ܥܰܡܳܐ; Arabic عَمٌّ see above; orig. meaning probably those united, connected, related, compare Wellhausen^{GGN 1893, 480});—absolute עַם Genesis 11:6 +, עַם Judges 9:36 +, הָעָם Joshua 8:11 +; construct עַם Numbers 21:29 +; with suffix עַמִּי Exodus 3:7 +, עַמְּךָ Exodus 22:27 +, etc.; plural עַמִּים Isaiah 2:3 +, עֲמָמִים (compare Biblical Aramaic) Nehemiah 9:22; construct עַמֵּי I Kings 8:43 +, עַמְמֵי Nehemiah 9:24; plural c. with suffix see ii. עַם;—(Gesenius' Thesaurus cites following as f. וְחָטָאת עַמֶּ֑ךָ Exodus 5:16 [but corrupt and unintellig.; read perhaps וְחַטָאתָ לְע׳, so Septuagint Peshitta Dillmann]; Judges 18:7 [but ישֶׁבֶת must agree with lost word city, or the like, see GFM]; Jeremiah 8:5 [but read שׁוֹבַב for שׁוֹבְבָה Gie]);—

a people, nation (sometimes ‖ גּוֹי), n. coll. (singular Exodus 21:8 Joshua 17:14, Joshua 17:15, Joshua 17:17; II Samuel 17:29 + often, or plural Exodus 20:13; Exodus 24:2; Jeremiah 5:31 + often, or both in same clause Exodus 1:20; II Samuel 13:24): עַם אֶחָד = all mankind Genesis 11:6; peoples in generally Genesis 27:29 (J; ‖ לְאֻמִּים), Exodus 19:5, Deuteronomy 2:25; Deuteronomy 4:6 + often Dt, Nehemiah 13:24 + often; קְהַל עַמִּים Genesis 28:3 an assembly (multitude) of peoples, Genesis 48:4, Ezekiel 23:24; Ezekiel 32:3 (+ דַבִּים); one’s own people Jeremiah 46:16 Psalms 45:11; Ruth 1:10, Ruth 1:15, Ruth 1:16^(×2) + (on עַמִּי נָדִיב Song of Songs 6:12 see especially Budde); particular peoples, Egypt Genesis 41:40, Exodus 1:22, Nehemiah 9:10 +; עַם־אֲרָם Amos 1:5; עַם־כְּמוֹשׁ (that is Moab) Numbers 21:29, Jeremiah 48:46; but especially Isr. Exodus 1:20 + often; עַם־בְּנֵי יִשׂ׳ v Exodus 1:9; called ע׳ יהוה Numbers 11:29, I Samuel 2:24 +, and (by י׳) עַמִּי Exodus 3:7; Exodus 5:1 + often (all periods); קְהַל עַם־הָאֱלֹהִים Judges 20:2, עַם־הַקָּהָל Leviticus 16:33, קְהַל עָם Psalms 107:32; especially הָעָם הַזֶּה (often in contempt or disgust) Numbers 11:1, Numbers 11:12, Numbers 11:13 +; figuratively of ants Proverbs 30:25, the shaphan v Proverbs 30:26, locusts Joel 2:2, compare לְעַם לְצִיִּים Psalms 74:14 (where read לְעַם צִיִּים Hup-Nowack).—On Judges 1:16 see עֲמָלֵקִי.

= smaller units, for example

inhab. of a city Genesis 19:4, I Samuel 9:12, I Samuel 9:13; Jeremiah 29:16, Jeremiah 29:25; II Chronicles 31:4 + (Jeremiah 8:5 del. יְרוּשׁ׳ Septuagint Gie Co Rothst).

inhab. of a locality Jeremiah 37:12 [appar. not = tribe, Deuteronomy 33:3 read עַמּוֹ Septuagint Dillmann Driver, Hosea 10:14; Judges 5:8, Judges 5:14 read בְּעָרֶיךָ Wellhausen Nowack; see sub d].

retainers, followers Genesis 14:16; Genesis 32:8; Genesis 33:15; Genesis 35:6; Judges 3:18; Judges 8:5; II Samuel 15:17; Jeremiah 41:13, Jeremiah 41:14 +.

people bearing arms I Samuel 11:11; I Kings 20:10 +; ע׳ כָּבֵד Numbers 20:20, that is a powerful force; עַם הַצָּבָא Numbers 31:32, ע׳ הַמִּלְחָמָה Joshua 8:1, Joshua 8:3, Joshua 8:11; Joshua 10:7; Joshua 11:7 (all JE); so probably Judges 5:8 a (fighting) band; perhaps also v Judges 5:14 (read singular? see GFM Budde).

= common people Jeremiah 21:7; Jeremiah 22:4, Leviticus 4:27 (opposite ruler v Leviticus 4:22), Nehemiah 5:1 (opposite יְהוּדִים), Nehemiah 7:5 (opposite rulers).

people in generally, persons Genesis 50:20, so appar. כָּל־הָעָם אֲשֵׁר וגו׳ Exodus 33:16, Numbers 11:34, Joshua 5:5^(×2), Judges 9:36 (as singular), v Judges 9:37 (as plural), Jeremiah 36:9; persons labouring I Kings 9:23; superior persons Job 12:2 (iron.); עַם עוֹלָם Ezekiel 26:20 people of long ago (now in Sh^eʾôl).

phrases are:

(עַמָּהּ, עַמִּי, עַמְּךָ) כְּנֵי עַמּוֹ members of one’s people, compatriots, fellow-countrymen, etc. Numbers 22:5, Genesis 23:11 Leviticus 19:18, Judges 14:16, Judges 14:17; Ezekiel 33:2, Ezekiel 33:12 +.

בְּנֵי הָעָם = common people (see 3) II Kings 23:6; Jeremiah 26:23 +; people in generally שַׁעַר בְּנֵי הָעָם Jeremiah 17:19 that is public gate II Chronicles 35:5, II Chronicles 35:12.

עַם הָאָרֶץ the people at large, as a body II Kings 11:14, II Kings 11:18, II Kings 11:19, II Kings 11:20; II Kings 15:5; II Kings 16:15; II Kings 21:24^(×2) +, Jeremiah 37:2; Jeremiah 44:21 Leviticus 20:2, Genesis 23:7, Genesis 23:12, Genesis 23:13; common people Jeremiah 34:19, compare דַּלַּת ע׳ הא׳ II Kings 24:14; disting. from prince Ezekiel 45:22; Ezekiel 46:3, Ezekiel 46:9, from priests Haggai 2:4 Zechariah 7:5; = Canaanites Numbers 14:9, compare עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ I Chronicles 5:25; mixed post-exil. population Ezra 4:4.

עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ usually peoples of the earth Joshua 4:24, II Chronicles 32:19 +; of heathen peoples about and in Pal. after exile Ezra 10:2, Ezra 10:11; traders Nehemiah 10:31; עַמֵּי הָאֲרָצוֹת Nehemiah 9:30; Nehemiah 10:29; II Chronicles 32:13.

מִשְׁפְּחוֹת עַמִּים Psalms 96:7 = I Chronicles 16:28 (compare Psalms 22:23).

בַּת־עַמִּי = people personif. Isaiah 22:4; Jeremiah 4:11 + 7 times Je + Jeremiah 6:14 (van d. H.; om. בַּת Baer Gi), Lamentations 2:11; Lamentations 3:48; Lamentations 4:3, Lamentations 4:6, Lamentations 4:10; בְּתוּלַת בַּת־עַמִּי Jeremiah 14:17.

designations of Isr. are: עַם־קָדוֹשׁ Deuteronomy 7:6 + 3 times, ע׳ קְדוֹשִׁים Daniel 8:24, ע׳ (ה)קֹדֶשׁ Isaiah 62:12; Isaiah 63:18; Daniel 12:7; ע׳ סְגֻלָּה Deuteronomy 7:6; Deuteronomy 14:2; Deuteronomy 26:18.

of foreign (non-Isr.) peoples: ע׳ נָכְרִי Exodus 21:8, ע׳ אַחֵר Deuteronomy 28:32, and especially from language, ע׳ עִמְקֵי שָׂפָה Ezekiel 3:5 compare v Ezekiel 3:6, כִּלְשׁוֹן עַם וָעָם Nehemiah 13:24 compare Esther 1:22^(×2); Esther 3:12, ע׳ לֹעֵג Psalms 114:1.

עַם עֶבְרָתִי Isaiah 10:6, ע׳ חֶרְמִי Isaiah 34:11, ע׳־מִבְחָרָיו Daniel 11:15, עַמֵּי תּוֹעֵבוֹת הָאֵלָּה Ezra 9:14; לֹא עַם בִּינוֹת Isaiah 27:11.—For עַם־עוֹלָם Isaiah 44:7 read (אֹתִיּוֹת) מֵעוֹלָם (מִי הִשְׁמִי)עַ Oort Duhm Kittel Cheyne^Haupt compare Perles^{Anal. 40, 64}.

עִם

preposition with (Aramaic עִם, ܥܰܡ, Sab. עם DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 12} Hom^{Chrest. 51}; compare Arabic مَعَ, مَعْ (but see Prät^{BAS. i. 26})), with suffix עִמִּי₄₆ and עִמָּדִי₄₅ (probably akin to Arabic عِنْدٌ side, عِنْدَ beside: compare √ ענד), without difference of meaning (עמי in Pent. Genesis 31:31; Genesis 39:7, Genesis 39:12, Genesis 39:14; Exodus 33:12 Leviticus 26:21, Leviticus 26:23, Leviticus 26:27, Leviticus 26:40 [H] Numbers 22:19; Jos-K. 13 times; Psalms 42:9; Psalms 86:17; Job 10:17; Ruth 1:11; Esther 7:8; in Dn 7 times, Ezr Ne Ch 11 times: עמדי in Pent. Gn [JE] 14 times, Exodus 17:2; Leviticus 25:23; Deuteronomy 5:25; Deuteronomy 32:34, Deuteronomy 32:39; Ju S 7 times; Psalms 23:4; Psalms 50:11; Psalms 50:19; Psalms 101:6; Jb 14 times, Ruth 1:8); עִמְּךָ, †עִמְּכָה I Samuel 1:26, עִמָּ֑ךְ; עִמּוֹ, עִמָּהּ; עִמָּ֫נוּ; עִמָּכֶם; עִמָּם₂₇ (Genesis 18:16, etc.: Gn-K 20 times; Nehemiah 13:25; not Ezr Ch), and עִמָּהֶם₂₃ (chiefly late: Numbers 22:12; Deuteronomy 29:16 (v Deuteronomy 29:24 עמם), Jonah 1:3; Job 1:4, and 19 times Ne Ezr Ch):

of fellowship and companionship (Lat. cum), as Genesis 13:1 ולוט עמו and Lot with him, Genesis 18:16; Genesis 19:30; Genesis 24:54 הוא והאנשׁים אשׁר עמו, וכל ישׂראל עמו Joshua 7:24 al.; + often Peculiar to Ch Ezr are clauses introd. by ועמהם … I Chronicles 12:34; I Chronicles 13:2; I Chronicles 15:18 +, Ezra 8:13, Ezra 8:14 (Aramaic Ezra 5:2) +; so ועמו … I Chronicles 12:28; II Chronicles 17:14-18; II Chronicles 26:17; Ezra 8:3-12, Ezra 8:33. Coupling substantives, together with, chiefly in poetry: Deuteronomy 12:23 לא תאכל הנפשׁ עם הבשׂר, Joshua 11:21; Judges 16:3; Ecclesiastes 7:11; II Samuel 1:24 שָׁנִי עִם עֲדָנִים, Deuteronomy 32:14 עִם חֵלֶב כרים, v Deuteronomy 32:14, Deuteronomy 32:24, Deuteronomy 32:25 Amos 4:10; Isaiah 25:11; Isaiah 34:7; Jeremiah 6:11; Jeremiah 51:40; Nahum 3:12 Psalms 66:15 אעשׂה בקר עם עתודים, Psalms 81:3; Psalms 83:8; Psalms 87:4; Psalms 89:14; Psalms 104:25 +, Song of Songs 1:11; Song of Songs 4:13^(×2) כפרים עם נרדים, v Song of Songs 4:14^(×2); Song of Songs 5:1^(×3). Unusually, Esther 9:25 אמר עם הספר he ordered in conjunction with writing, in a written order. Poet. or late uses: Psalms 42:9 ובלילה שִׁירֹה עמי, Psalms 89:22 אשׁר יָדִי תִּכּוֹן עמו, v Psalms 89:25; in Jb of the companionship of sufferings or prosperity, Job 6:4 חִצֵּי שַׁדַּי עמדי, Job 17:2 אם לא הֲתֻלִים עמדי, Job 29:6 וְצוּר יָצוּק עמדי פלגי שׁמן, v Job 29:20 כבודי חָדָשׁ עמדי, II Chronicles 14:5 ואין עמו מלחמה, II Chronicles 16:9 ישׁ עמך מלחמות, II Chronicles 28:10 עִמָּכֶם אֲשָׁמוֹת. Hence, in partic.

of aid, Exodus 23:5 Deuteronomy 22:4; I Chronicles 12:19; especially of God, Genesis 21:22 אלהים עמך, Genesis 26:3 ואהיה עמך, v Genesis 26:33; Genesis 31:3, Genesis 31:5; Exodus 3:12; Joshua 1:5; Isaiah 8:10 כ׳ עמנו אל Psalms 23:4; Psalms 46:8, Psalms 46:12; Job 29:5 + often (compare אֵת, Genesis 39:2, Genesis 39:3, Genesis 39:21, Genesis 39:23; Isaiah 43:5 +): so הִתְחַזַּק עם I Chronicles 11:10; II Chronicles 16:9; Daniel 10:21, עָזַר עם I Chronicles 12:21, כי גם ידם עם דוד I Samuel 22:17; II Samuel 3:12; I Chronicles 4:10 (compare Exodus 23:1, and II. אֵת 1 a) With the help of (= Gk. σύν), I Samuel 14:45 כי עם אלהים עשׂה היום הזה, Daniel 11:39 (rare).

Of actions done jointly with another, as ירשׁ עם inherit with, Genesis 21:10, כרת ברית עם Genesis 26:28 + often, עם (חִלֵּק) חָלַק to share with Joshua 22:8; Isaiah 53:12 +; compare Deuteronomy 10:9 חֵלֶק וְנַחֲלָה עִם אֶחָיו, Deuteronomy 18:1.

If the common action be of the nature of a contest or combat, עִם is with in the sense of against: so often with נִלְחַם to fight, נִשְׁפַּט to dispute, נֶאֱבַק to wrestle, רִיב to strive (see these verbs), Genesis 26:20; Genesis 30:8; Genesis 32:29; בּא בְּמִשְׁפָּט עם to enter into judgment with Isaiah 3:14 +, Job 14:3 (הֵבִיא), רִיב לי׳ עִם Hosea 4:1 +; hence, without a verb expressing the idea explicitly, Psalms 94:16 מי יקום לי עִם מְרֵעִים in the struggle with evil-doers? v b Psalms 55:19 כי בְרַבִּים היו עמדי for as many are they in combat with me, Job 9:14 אָבְחֲרָה דְבָרַי עמו in the contest with him, Job 10:17; Job 16:21; perhaps צָדַק עִם Job 9:2; Job 25:4 (compare 4 b end).

Of dealing with a person, or of the relation in which one stands with, or towards, another: as עשׂה חסד עם to do kindness with Genesis 24:12 + often (in 1 person observe that in this phr. עמדי, not עמי, is regul. used, Genesis 19:19; Genesis 20:13; Genesis 40:14; I Samuel 20:14; II Samuel 10:2 [‖ I Chronicles 19:2 עמי: here only], al.), עשׂה טוב עם Genesis 26:29 +, see also Genesis 20:9; Genesis 31:29; Deuteronomy 33:21; Judges 15:3; Job 10:12; Job 13:20; Job 42:8 Psalms 86:17 (compare אִתְּכֶם Deuteronomy 1:30; Deuteronomy 10:21; and Aramaic Daniel 3:32), Psalms 119:124; Psalms 126:2 (I Samuel 12:24), Job 33:29; הֵיטִיב עם Genesis 32:10, Genesis 32:13 +, הֵרַע עִם Genesis 31:7; רָצָה עם be well pleased with Psalms 50:18; Job 34:9; דִּבֶּר עם to speak with (subj. usually God) Exodus 19:9 + (see דִּבֶּר 3 e), hence דָּבָר עִם Judges 18:7, Judges 18:28; II Samuel 3:17; I Kings 1:7; Job 15:11 דָּבָר לָאַט עמך a word (spoken) gently with thee, compare Job 11:5 ויפתח שׂפתיו עמך; יֵאָמֵן עם II Chronicles 1:9: and with adjj. תמים עם perfect with (that is toward) Deuteronomy 18:13 Psalms 18:24, שָׁלֵם עם I Kings 8:61 +; compare וְלִבָּם לֹא נָכוֹן עִמּוֹ Psalms 78:37; II Samuel 21:4; II Samuel 23:5; I Kings 3:6 (עמך), Micah 6:8 הַצְנֵעַ לֶכֶת עִם אֱלֹהָיו, Psalms 73:22 toward thee, I Chronicles 19:6; Hosea 12:1 (?); also הָלַךְ קְרִי עִם Leviticus 26:21 (7 times), מַמְרִים הֱיִיתֶם עם Deuteronomy 9:7, Deuteronomy 9:24; Deuteronomy 31:27; II Chronicles 16:10; II Chronicles 26:19 Psalms 85:5; Job 10:17 and

Of a common lot, Genesis 18:23 האף תספה צדיק עם רשׁע together with the wicked, v Genesis 18:25 Job 3:14, Job 3:15; Isaiah 38:11 Psalms 26:9 אל תאסף עם חטּאים נפשׁי, v b; Psalms 28:3^(×2), Psalms 69:29; Job 30:1; I Chronicles 24:5; hence like, Psalms 73:5 ועם אדם לא יְנֻגָּ֑עוּ with (that is like) men (in general), Psalms 106:6 חטאנו עם אבותינו, Ecclesiastes 2:16 ואיך ימות הֶחָכָם עם הכסיל that is like the fool.

Of equality or resemblance generally (poet.), Job 9:26 חָֽלְפוּ עִם אֳנִיּוֹת אֵבֶה they pass by with, that is as swiftly as, skiffs of reed, Job 37:18 תרקיע עמו שׁחקים that is like him, Job 40:15 אשׁר עשׂיתי עמך; so נִמְשַׁל עִם Psalms 28:1; Psalms 143:7, נֶחְשַׁב עִם Psalms 88:5, compare Ecclesiastes 7:11.

Of time, = as long as, Psalms 72:5 יִירָאוּךָ עם שׁמשׁ as long as the sun endureth (compare Aramaic Daniel 3:33; Daniel 4:31; also Ovid. Am. i. 15, 16 cum sole et luna semper Aratus erit); at the time of (?) II Chronicles 21:19 (but read perhaps מֵחָלְיוֹ); and c. inf. (late), Ezra 1:11 עִם הֵעָלוֹת הַגּוֹלָה (compare ἅμα τῷ followed by inf. Judges 3:21; Judges 9:33; also עִם Ecclus 40:14).

Of a locality, close to, beside: †Genesis 25:11 וישׁב יצחק עם באר לחי ראי beside the well of, etc., Genesis 35:4 תַּחַת הָאֵלָה אשׁר עם שׁכם (so, after אשׁר, Joshua 7:2; Judges 9:6; Judges 18:22 II Samuel 13:23), Joshua 19:46 (?), Judges 18:3 הֵמָּה עִם בֵּית מִיכָה (so Judges 19:11; II Samuel 20:8), I Samuel 10:2; II Samuel 6:7 וַיָּ֫מָת שָׁם עִם אֲרוֹן הא׳, II Samuel 19:38; II Samuel 24:16; I Kings 1:9; I Chronicles 13:14 by the house of O., in its own house (see Be), I Chronicles 21:15 (II Samuel 24:16), I Chronicles 26:16 (compare אֵת 2). By a person, Deuteronomy 5:25 וְאַתָּה עֲמֹד פֹּח עמדי by me, I Samuel 1:26 הַנִּצֶּבֶת עִמְּכָה +; of one living near another, Exodus 22:24; Leviticus 25:35, Leviticus 25:36, Leviticus 25:39, Leviticus 25:47.

Of persons, עִם is spec.

in the house or family or service of (apud, chez): Genesis 23:4 גֵּר וְתוֹשָׁב עמך (figuratively of י׳ Leviticus 25:23 Psalms 39:13), Genesis 27:44; Genesis 29:14 וַיֵּשֶׁב עִמּוֹ, v Genesis 27:25 עבדתי עמך I have served with thee (so v Genesis 27:30, compare Deuteronomy 15:16), Genesis 31:38; Leviticus 25:6, Leviticus 25:40^(×2), Leviticus 25:50, Leviticus 25:53; Deuteronomy 22:2; Deuteronomy 23:17; Judges 17:10; II Samuel 19:34; I Kings 11:22; compare I Samuel 2:21 עם י׳ that is at his sanctuary.

In the possession of (Lat. penes): Genesis 24:25 straw, etc., is עִמָּנוּ, Genesis 31:32 Deuteronomy 17:19 והיתה עמו with him, at his side, Deuteronomy 29:16; Job 28:14 וְיָם אָמַר אֵין עִמָּדִי; = stored up with, Deuteronomy 32:34 כָּמֻם עִמָּדִי, Job 27:13 (but read here probably מֵאֵל; compare Job 20:29); of ethical or mental attributes, I Samuel 25:25 וּנְבָלָה עִמּוֹ, Job 12:13 עִמּוֹ חָכְמָה וּגְבוּרָה, v Job 12:16; Job 25:2 Psalms 130:7; II Chronicles 19:3, II Chronicles 19:7. compare figuratively Psalms 36:10 כי עמך מְקוֹר חַיִּים.

In the custody or care of, I Samuel 9:23 שִׂים אֹתָהּ עִמָּ֑ךְ; I Samuel 22:23 כִּי מִשְׁמֶרֶת אַתָּה עִמָּדִי: compare Job 17:3 עָרְבֵנִי עִמָּ֑ךְ be surety for me with thyself.

Beside = except, Deuteronomy 32:39 אֵין אלהים עִמָּדִי, Psalms 73:25 ועמך לא חפצתי בארץ and beside thee I delight not (in aught that is) upon earth (al. in comparison of thee, 1st feminine), II Chronicles 14:10 וְאֵין עִמְּךָ לַעֲזֹר there is none beside thee to help, II Chronicles 20:6; perhaps Hosea 9:8 (Hitzig Ke; but very doubtful, see Comm.). compare אֵת 1 b.

With = friendly with, Genesis 31:2 כי איננו עמי (syn. v Genesis 31:5 אֶל towards), II Kings 10:15 לְבָבִי עִם לְבָֽבְךָ, Proverbs 23:7 וְלִבּוֹ בַל עִמָּ֑ךְ.

Idiom. of a thought or purpose present with one:—

עִם לְבַב פ׳, especially in Dt. and the later Deut. style, Deuteronomy 8:5 וְיָדַעְתָּ עִם לְבָבְךָ thou shalt know with thy heart, Deuteronomy 15:9 פן יהיה דבר עם לבבך בליעל a wicked thought with thy heart, Joshua 14:7 I brought back word כאשׁר עם לבבי; היה עם לְבַב פ׳, especially of a purpose, I Kings 8:17 ויהי עם לבב דוד לִבְנוֹת וגו׳ that is it was David’s purpose to build, etc., v I Kings 8:18^(×2); I Kings 10:2 (= II Chronicles 6:7, II Chronicles 6:8^(×2); II Chronicles 9:1), I Chronicles 22:7; I Chronicles 28:2 (both based on I Kings 8:17, etc.), II Chronicles 1:11; II Chronicles 24:4; II Chronicles 29:10; rather differently, to muse or talk with one’s heart, Psalms 77:7; Ecclesiastes 1:16.

עִם alone, = in one’s consciousness, whether of knowledge or memory or purpose (compare אֵת 3 b; عِنْدَ W^{AG ii. § 66}): Numbers 14:24 עֵקֶב הָֽיְתָה רוּחַ אַחֶרֶת עִמּוֹ that is operating in his mind, I Kings 11:11 יען אשׁר היתה זאת עמך, I Chronicles 28:12 the pattern of all אשׁר היה בָרוּחַ עמו that was in spirit (that is mentally) with him, Psalms 50:11 וְזִיז שָׂדַי עִמָּדִי is with me (that is is known to me; ‖ ידעתי), probably also Psalms 73:23; Psalms 139:18 (= in thy thought and care); Job 9:35 לא כן אנכי עמדי not so am I with myself (my consciousness—or conscience—does not tell me that I need dread him), Job 10:13 ידעתי כי זאת עמך that is that this was thy purpose (‖ אֵלֶּה צָפַנְתָּ בִּלְבָבֶ֑ךָ), Job 15:9 ולא עמנו הוא and is not with us (= in our knowledge; ‖ וְלֹא נֵדָ֑ע), Job 23:10 כי ידע דרך עמדי the way of which I am conscious (De; Ewald Dillmann the way attending me, my usual way), v Job 23:14 וְכָהֵנָּה רַבּוֹת עמו that is he has many such purposes, Job 27:11 אֲשֶׁר עִם שַׁדָּי לֹא אֲכַחֵד that is his purposes or principles of action. Also sometimes in the judgment or estimation of, I Samuel 2:26 טוֹב עִם, II Samuel 6:22 נִכְבַּד עִם, perhaps צָדַק עִם Job 9:2; Job 25:4 (Gesenius Budde; but Ewald as 1 c, Hitzig De beside, in comparison of).

Metaph. together with = in spite of, notwithstanding Nehemiah 5:18 וְעִם זֶה (compare مَعَ W^{AG ii. § 57}; in Hebrew בְּ is the more usual syn.).—In I Samuel 16:12 אַדְמֹנִי עִם יְפֵה עֵינַיִם (compare I Samuel 17:42 עִם יְפֵה מַרְאֶה), if text correct, יפה must be a neuter noun, with beauty of eyes; but read probably (Gratz Budde) עֶלֶם a youth (I Samuel 17:56; I Samuel 20:22) for עם (see HPS; Cheyne ^{Expos. Times x. 521} אַדְמֹנִי עֶצֶם, compare Lamentations 4:7).

עַם³

n.[m.] kinsman* kinsman, later development of i. עַם Robertson Smith^{K 58; 2nd ed. 72}. (on father’s side) (Arabic عَمٌّ paternal uncle, etc. see I. עמם; compare perhaps TelAm. ammu, kinsmen (?); on Nab. עם ancestor compare Lidzbarski^{151, 499}; see also especially Nestle^{Eg 187, journal ZAW xvi (1896), 322 f.} Krenkel^{ib. viii (1888), 280–84});—with suffix עַמִּי in בֶּן־עַמִּי (q.see), and n.pr. sqq.; elsewhere plural with suffix עַמֶּיךָ Numbers 27:13; Numbers 31:2 (Leviticus 19:16 read עַמְּךָ Septuagint Sam), + (poss.) עֲמָמֶיךָ Judges 5:14; עַמָּיו Genesis 25:8 + 15 times, עַמֶּיהָ Genesis 17:14 + 3 times; read עַמַּי (for Masoretic Text עַמִּי, 1עַם; compare Krenkel^{l.c. 281}) Genesis 49:29 and perhaps Judges 14:3 (compare Leviticus 21:14); according to Buhl Kittel also II Kings 4:13;—father’s kinsmen: וַיֵּאָסֵף אֶל־עַמָּיו Genesis 25:8 (of joining kinsmen in Sh^eʾôl), so v Genesis 25:17; Genesis 35:29; Genesis 49:33; Numbers 20:24; Deuteronomy 32:50, compare Genesis 49:29 (see above), Numbers 27:13; Numbers 31:2; Deuteronomy 32:50 (all P); וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ מֵעַמֶּיהָ Genesis 17:14 (severed from living kinsmen), so Leviticus 7:20, Leviticus 7:21, Leviticus 7:25, Leviticus 7:27; Leviticus 19:8; Leviticus 23:29; Numbers 9:13, מִקֶּרֶב עַמֶּיהָ Exodus 31:14, compare Exodus 30:33, Exodus 30:38; Leviticus 17:9 (all PH); מֵעַמָּיו יִקַּח אִשָּׁה Leviticus 21:14, and perhaps Judges 14:3 (sim. 1עַם: [ם—ָ, הּ—ָ] מִקֶּרֶב עַמּוֹ Leviticus 17:4, Leviticus 17:10; Leviticus 18:29 +); other combin. Judges 5:14 (si vera l., read perhaps בְּעַמֶּ֑ךָ, see 1.עַם 2 d), Leviticus 21:1, Leviticus 21:4, Leviticus 21:15, Ezekiel 18:18 and (perhaps) II Kings 4:13.—בֶּן־עַמִּי (see p. 122 b) perhaps = son of my kinsman; on n.pr. c. עַם see Gray^{Prop. N. 41 ff.}.

עַמּוֹן

n. pr. gent. Ammon, Septuagint Αμμαν, Αμμων (Assyrian Bît Ammanu COT^Gloss.);—always (except I Samuel 11:11 [where however Septuagint reads בְּנֵי ע׳], Psalms 83:8, which have ע׳ alone) בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן, connected by J with בֶּן־עַמִּי son of Lot Genesis 19:38 (and meaning of name doubtless sought herein by J; compare ii. עַם); people apparently akin to Isr., but usually hostile, dwelling E. of Jordan, NE. of Moab, between Arnon and Jabbok: Numbers 21:24^(×2), Deuteronomy 2:19^(×2), Deuteronomy 2:37; Deuteronomy 3:11, Deuteronomy 3:16; Joshua 12:2; Joshua 13:10, v Joshua 13:25, Judges 3:13; Judges 10:6 + 25 times Judges 10-12; I Samuel 11:11; I Samuel 12:12; I Samuel 14:47; II Samuel 8:12; II Samuel 10:1 + 14 times II Samuel 10-12, II Samuel 17:27; I Kings 11:7, I Kings 11:33; II Kings 23:13; II Kings 24:2; I Chronicles 18:11 + 20 times Ch, Amos 1:13; Isaiah 11:14; Jeremiah 9:25 + 9 times Je, Zephaniah 2:8, Zephaniah 2:9; Ezekiel 21:25, Ezekiel 21:33 + 5 times Ezekiel 25; Daniel 11:41.—Vid. Cheyne^Ammon in Ency. Bib.

עַמּוֹנִי

adjective gent. Ammonite;—absolute ms. עַמּוֹנִי as noun Deuteronomy 23:4 an Ammonite (generic), so עַמֹּנִי Nehemiah 13:1; הָעַמּוֹנִי of individual I Samuel 11:1, I Samuel 11:2; II Samuel 23:37 = I Chronicles 11:39; Nehemiah 2:19, so הָעַמֹּנִי Nehemiah 2:10; Nehemiah 3:35; fs. הָעַמֹּנִית I Kings 14:21 = II Chronicles 12:13; I Kings 14:31, so הָעַמּוֹנִית II Chronicles 24:26; הָעַמֹּנִי as noun coll. Ezra 9:1; mpl. as noun עַמֹּנִים I Kings 11:5, הָע׳ Deuteronomy 2:20; Nehemiah 4:1, הָעַמּוֹ׳ II Chronicles 26:8 (on II Chronicles 20:1 see מְעוּנִים); fpl. as adjective עַמֳּנִיֹּת I Kings 11:1, so Nehemiah 13:23 Qr, Kt עמוניות.

עַמִּיאֵל²

n.pr.m. (my kinsman is God, Gray^{Prop. N. 254});—Septuagint Αμ(με)ιηλ:

E. Jordan name II Samuel 9:4, II Samuel 9:5; II Samuel 17:27.

a Danite Numbers 13:12.

David’s father-in-law I Chronicles 3:5 (= אֱלִיעָם II Samuel 11:3).

son of Obed Edom I Chronicles 26:5.

עַמִּיהוּד

n.pr.m. (my kinsman is majesty);—Septuagint (Σ)εμιουδ, Αμιουδ, etc.:

a Geshurite II Samuel 13:37 Qr (> Kt עַמִּיחוּר, compare Driver al., Gray^{Prop. N. 43}).

an Ephraimite Numbers 1:10; Numbers 2:18; Numbers 7:48, Numbers 7:53; Numbers 10:22 (all P), I Chronicles 7:26.

a Simeonite Numbers 34:20.

a Naphtalite Numbers 34:28.

a Judahite I Chronicles 9:4.

עַמִּיזָבָד

n.pr.m. (my kinsman hath bestowed; compare זָבָד, אֶלְזָבָד, יְהוֹזָבָד, זַבְדִּיאֵל, זְבַדְיָה, and, especially on Palmyrene equiv., see Gray^{Prop. N. 223f.} also Lidzbarski²⁶⁵ Cook^46f.);—son of Benaiah I Chronicles 27:6, Septuagint Ααιβαζαθ, A Αμιραζαθ, SeptuagintL Αμειναζαβαδ.

עַמִּינָדָב

n.pr.m. (my kinsman is noble);—Septuagint Αμ(ε)ιναδαβ:

Aaron’s father-in-law Exodus 6:23; Numbers 1:7; Numbers 2:3; Numbers 7:12, Numbers 7:17; Numbers 10:14 (all P), Ruth 4:19, Ruth 4:20; I Chronicles 2:10^(×2).

Levites:

I Chronicles 6:7.

I Chronicles 15:10, I Chronicles 15:11.

עַמִּישַׁדָּ֑י

n.pr.m. (my kinsman is Shaddai);—a Danite Numbers 1:12; Numbers 2:25; Numbers 7:66, Numbers 7:71; Numbers 10:25, Septuagint Αμ(ε)ισαδαι, SeptuagintL Αμισαδε.

עָמַם²

verb darken, dim (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic غَمَّ cover, veil, conceal; Targum עֲמַם grow dark);—

past (עבר) 3rd plural with suffix עֲמַמֻהוּ Ezekiel 31:8 doubtful, but probably (as Gesenius' Thesaurus) cedars did not eclipse him; עֲמָמוּךָ Ezekiel 28:3 no secret do they hold dark (= is held dark) for thee (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 117 x).

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יוּעַם זָהָב Lamentations 4:1 (figuratively) how is the gold dimmed! compare Budde.

עָמַס

verb

load.

carry a load (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Phoenician עמס carry; compare poss. Arabic عَمِسَ gravis et obscurus fuit dies (Freytag));—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיַּעֲמֹס Genesis 44:13, יַעֲמָס־ Psalms 68:20; participle (בינוני) active עֹמְסִים Nehemiah 13:15; עֹמְשִׂים Nehemiah 4:11 (but see below); with suffix עֹמְסֶיהָ Zechariah 12:3; passive עֲמֻסִים Isaiah 46:3, עֲמוּסוֹת v Isaiah 46:1;—

load (obj. om.) upon (עַל) ass Genesis 44:13, Nehemiah 13:15; so absolute Nehemiah 4:11, literally, si vera l. (see Be-Ry Ryle); but read probably חֲמֻשִׁים Ry^Kau.

carry a load Psalms 68:20 (י׳, for (ל) his people), carry as a load Zechariah 12:3 (figuratively), passive Isaiah 46:1 (literally), v Isaiah 46:3 (figuratively).*

עָמוֹס

n.pr.m. Amos the prophet;—Amos 1:1; Amos 7:8, Amos 7:10, Amos 7:11, Amos 7:12, Amos 7:14; Amos 8:2, Septuagint Αμως.

עֲמַסְיָה

n.pr.m. name in Judah II Chronicles 17:16, Septuagint Μασαιας, SeptuagintL Αμασιας (compare Phoenician אשמנעמס, בעלעמס CIS^{i. 139, 169, 719}, see also Gray^{Prop. N. 296f.}).

עָמֹק

verb be deep (Mishnaic Hebrew in deriv.; Arabic عَمُقَ; Ethiopic ዐመቀ: probably Assyrian [emêḳu

עֵ֫מֶק

noun (masc.) Micah 1:4 vale (proposes deepening, depth, see GASm^{Geogr. 384f. 654f.}; compare בִּקְעָה, גַּיְא, נַחַל);—ע׳ absolute Joshua 8:13 +, construct Genesis 14:17 +; with suffix עִמְקֵךְ Je Jeremiah 49:4, עִמְקָם Jeremiah 47:5 (but see below); plural עֲמָקִים Micah 1:4, with suffix עֲמָקַיִךְ Isaiah 22:7;—vale, valley, lowland, opposite הֶהָרִים Micah 1:4, amid mts., for example about Jerus. Isaiah 22:7; Jeremiah 31:40, so perhaps ע׳ שָׁוֵה Genesis 14:17 = ע׳ הַמֶּלֶךְ v Jeremiah 14:17; II Samuel 18:18, compare ע׳ חֶבְרוֹן Genesis 37:14, ע׳ בְּגִבְעוֹן Isaiah 28:21; Joshua 8:13, ע׳ הָאֵלָה I Samuel 17:2, I Samuel 17:19; I Samuel 21:10 (perhaps Wady es-Sant, in Shephelah, W. of Bethlehem, GASm^{Geogr. 226}); ע׳ אֲשֶׁר לְבֵית רְחוֹב Judges 18:28 in extreme north; in Moab Jeremiah 48:8 (‖ [opposite?] מִישׁוֹר); or wider, for example Judges 5:15 (scene of Sisera’s defeat; read perhaps ע׳ also for עֲמָלֵק v Judges 5:14 GFM), ע׳ יִזְרְעֶ֑אל Judges 6:33; Hosea 1:5; Joshua 17:16, compare Judges 7:1, Judges 7:8, Judges 7:12; I Samuel 31:7 = I Chronicles 10:7, these all perhaps narrow ends of plain (compare GASm^l.c.), but see I Kings 20:28 (opposite הֶהָרִים; ‖ מִישׁוֹר v I Kings 20:23; = open country, compare Aphek v I Kings 20:26); of Jordan-valley Joshua 13:19, Joshua 13:27; of Philistine plain (opposite הָהָר) Judges 1:19, Judges 1:34; fit for chariots, so also אֶרֶץ הָע׳ Joshua 17:16, compare Job 39:21; ישֶׁבֶת הָע׳ Jeremiah 21:13, compare Numbers 14:25 (see Gie Dillmann); cultivated I Samuel 6:13; Jeremiah 49:4^(×2) Job 39:10, fertile I Chronicles 27:29 Psalms 65:14; Song of Songs 2:1; see also אַיָּלוֹן, בָּכָא, בְּרָכָה, ii. חָרוּץ, יְהוֹשָׁפָט, סֻכּוֹת, עָכוֹר, קְצִיץ, רְפָאִים, שִׂדִּים; בֵּית הָע׳ see p. 112and—For עִמְקָם Jeremiah 47:5 read עֲנָקִם Anakim Septuagint Gesenius' Thesaurus Hitzig Gf Gie Co Rothst; so also (more doubtful) I Chronicles 12:16 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:15) Gf Gie, where otherwise הָע׳ = people of valleys.

עָמֹק²

adjective deep (compare Barth^{NB § 23b});—

ע׳ literally Leviticus 13:3 + 6 times Leviticus 13; f. עֲמֻקָּה of cup Ezekiel 23:32, trench Proverbs 22:14; Proverbs 23:27 (all 3 in sim.); ע׳ מִשְּׁאוֹל Job 11:8 (figuratively); plural מַיִם עֲמֻקִּים (sim.) Proverbs 18:4; Proverbs 20:5.

= unsearchable עָמֹק Psalms 64:7 Ecclesiastes 7:24^(×2); plural עֲמֻקוֹת (Baer עֲמוּקוֹת, van d. H. עֲמֻקּוֹת) Job 12:22.

עָמוֹק

n.pr.m. a priest Nehemiah 12:7, Nehemiah 12:20, Αμουκ.

עֹ֫מֶר

noun (masc.) ^{Leviticus 23:11} sheaf (swath, row of fallen grain, Wetzstein^{Z.f. Ethnol. 1873, 273 (Syriac Dreschtafel)}, ag. him Vogelstein^{LandwirthschaftinPal. 61} who trans. heap of sheaves);—ע׳ absolute Deuteronomy 24:19; Leviticus 23:11, Leviticus 23:12, Leviticus 23:15, construct v Leviticus 23:10; figuratively of food (absolute) Job 24:10; plural עֳמָרִים literally Ruth 2:7, Ruth 2:15.

עֹ֫מֶר²

noun (masc.) ^{Exodus 16:22} omer (compare Arabic غُمَرٌ small drinking cup or bowl; relation to i. ע׳ obscure);—a measure, only Exodus 16;—the measure itself v Exodus 16:18, Exodus 16:32, Exodus 16:33; amount measured v Exodus 16:16, Exodus 16:22; = 1/10 ephah v Exodus 16:36; Septuagint γόμορ.

עָמִיר

n.[m.] swath, row of fallen grain (hay, as Mishn., according to Vogelstein^{l.c. 74f.} (who is then compelled to read עֹמֶר Micah 4:12), compare Syriac ܥܡܺܝܪ grass, Schwally^{Idiot. 69});—Amos 2:13 (on cart), Jeremiah 9:21 (falling behind reaper), Micah 4:12 (brought to threshing-floor), Zechariah 12:6 (inflammable).

עֲמֹרָה

n.pr.location Gomorrah, Γομορρα (Γ = غ;; √ II. עמר according to Lagarde^BN54);—always c. סְדֹם q.see; Genesis 10:19 + 8 times Gn, in sim. Amos 4:11; Isaiah 1:9; Isaiah 13:19; Deuteronomy 29:22; Jeremiah 49:18; Jeremiah 50:40; Zephaniah 2:9, compare Deuteronomy 32:32; figuratively of iniquity Isaiah 1:10; Jeremiah 23:14.

עָמְרִי

n.pr.m.

Omri, king of Israel (MI 4:5, 7 עמרי; in Assyrian Ḫumri COT^Gloss.);—I Kings 16:16 + 11 times I Kings 16; II Kings 8:26 = II Chronicles 22:2; Micah 6:16, Septuagint (Ζ)αμβρ(ε)ι.

name in Benj. I Chronicles 7:8.

in Judah I Chronicles 9:4.

in Issachar 27:18.

עַמְרָם

n.pr.m. (√ עמר Noldeke^{ZMG xl (1886), 185}; poss. רָם + עַם Gesenius' Thesaurus, compare Gray^{Prop. N. 45, 47, 51});—

father of Moses Exodus 6:18, Exodus 6:20^(×2) + 4 times P, I Chronicles 5:28, I Chronicles 5:29 + 4 times Ch; Αμ(β)ραμ[ν].

עֲמָשָׂא

n.pr.m. (compare עמס, עמשׂ? or read עַמִּשַׂי (ii. עַם + יִשַׂי), Wellhausen^{Isr. u. Jüd. Gesch. 24}, compare Gray^{Prop. N. 44, 323});—

Absalom’s general II Samuel 17:25^(×2) II Samuel 19:14 + 8 times II Samuel 20; I Kings 2:5, I Kings 2:32; I Chronicles 2:17^(×2), Septuagint Αμεσσ(α)ει, SeptuagintL Αμεσσα.

Ephraimite II Chronicles 28:12.

עֲמָשַׂי

n.pr.m. (compare foregoing);—

warrior of David I Chronicles 12:19 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:18), Αμασαι, perhaps = אֲבִישִׁי (II Samuel 23:18).

Levites;

I Chronicles 6:10, I Chronicles 6:20 (עֲמָשָׁ֑י).

II Chronicles 29:12.

priest I Chronicles 15:24.

עֵנָב

noun (masc.) ^{Genesis 40:11} grape(s) (on formation compare Lagarde^{BN 153});—ע׳ absolute Deuteronomy 32:14 (coll.); elsewhere plural עֲנָבִים Genesis 40:10 +; construct עִנְּבֵי (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 20 h) Leviticus 25:5; Deuteronomy 32:32; with suffix עֲנָבֵמוֹ v Deuteronomy 32:32;—grapes Genesis 40:10, Genesis 40:11, Amos 9:13 (all as yielding juice for drink), Hosea 9:10 (sim.), Isaiah 5:2, Isaiah 5:4 (parable), Jeremiah 8:13; Nehemiah 13:15; Leviticus 25:5; מִשְׁרַת ע׳ Numbers 6:3, poet. דַּם־ע׳ Genesis 49:11; Deuteronomy 32:14; בִּכּוּרֵי ע׳ Numbers 13:20, אֶשְׁכּוֹל ע׳ v Numbers 13:23; eaten Deuteronomy 23:25 so ע׳ לַחִים וִיבֵשִׁים Numbers 6:3; אֲשִׁישֵׁי ע׳ Hosea 3:1 raisin-cakes; ע׳ רוֹשׁ Deuteronomy 32:12 grapes of poison.

עֲנָב

n.pr.location in hill-country of Judah Joshua 11:21; Joshua 15:50, Αναβ(ωθ), Ανωβ[ν], mod. ʿAnab, Joshua 15:18 1/2 miles SW. from Hebron, Buhl^{Geogr. 164}.

עָנוּב

n.pr.m. I Chronicles 4:8, Εννων, SeptuagintL Άνωβ.

עֹ֫נֶג

n.[m.] daintiness, exquisite delight;—הֵיכְלֵי ע׳ Isaiah 13:22; וְקָרָאתָ לַשַּׁבָּת ע׳ Isaiah 58:13.

עָנָה

verb answer, respond (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, respond, make response; Targum עֲנָא; Syriac ܥܢܳܐ; Old Aramaic Palmyrene ענה; compare Arabic عنى, عَنَا intend by saying);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ע׳ Micah 6:5 +; with suffix עָנַנִי I Samuel 28:15 +, עָנָךְ Isaiah 30:19; Jeremiah 23:37, עָנָהוּ I Samuel 9:17 +; 1st singular עָנִיתִי Hosea 14:9, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַעֲנֶה Genesis 41:16 +, וַיַּעַן Amos 7:14 +, with suffix יַעֲנֵנִי Job 20:3 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) עֲנֵה Micah 6:3; Proverbs 26:5 etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct עֲנוֹת Genesis 45:3 + [II Samuel 22:36 see עֲנָוָה]; participle (בינוני) עֹנֶה Judges 19:28 +, etc.;—

answer, respond to sthg. said, actual or implied, Judges 8:8; I Samuel 4:20; Job 9:15 +; especially

of men, with a direct object person Genesis 45:3, Judges 5:29; II Kings 18:36 = Isaiah 36:21; Job 5:1 + very often (c. 110 times); specif. be responsive, that is answer kindly, grant request I Kings 12:7 (with suffix person); = be amenable, docile (toward י׳) Hosea 2:17 (of Isr. in figuratively); seldom and late, with a direct object of thing replied to, Job 32:12; Job 33:13 (De Dillmann Budde), Job 40:2.

of God answering (graciously): usually with a direct object person; by oracle I Samuel 14:37; I Samuel 28:6, I Samuel 28:15 +, figuratively Habakkuk 2:11; by deed I Samuel 7:9; I Kings 18:37^(×2), compare בָּאֵשׁ v I Kings 18:24; I Chronicles 21:26, and especially Hosea 2:23, Hosea 2:24; Hosea 14:9, see also Micah 3:4 Isaiah 41:17; Isaiah 49:8 Jeremiah 33:3; Job 12:4 +, especially ψψ, for example Job 3:5; Job 4:2; Job 20:2 + 33 times, etc. (in all c. 77 times);

rarely with a direct object, or cl., of answer: אלהים יַע׳ אֶת־שְׁלוֹם פַּרְעֹה Genesis 41:16; Job 15:2; Proverbs 18:23; Nehemiah 8:6 they responded, Amen! II Samuel 19:43 they made reply against Isr. (c. עַל against, only here), + quoted answer; with a direct object person + answer I Samuel 20:28 Jonathan answered Saul, David asked leave, etc.; c. 2 direct object (c. 20 times) II Kings 18:36 = Isaiah 36:21; Job 23:5 +; so = grant, vouchsafe to, נוֹרָאוֹת תַּעֲנֵנוּ Psalms 65:6 terrible things dost thou [י׳] vouchsafe to us.

often + אָמַר Genesis 18:27 Abr. answered and said, Exodus 4:1, Exodus 19:8, Job 4:1; Job 6:1 etc.; + אָמַר אֶל־ Genesis 27:39 + 16 times; + א׳ לְ v Genesis 27:37 + 8 times; ע׳ + direct object person + אמר, I Samuel 9:8 he answered Saul and said, + 23 times (in all c. 130 times); seldom + לֵאמֹר †Numbers 32:31, ע׳ + direct object person + לא׳ Genesis 23:5, Genesis 23:10, Genesis 23:14, Genesis 41:16; Genesis 42:22, Joshua 1:16

seldom + דִּבֶּר Joshua 22:21, II Kings 1:10, II Kings 1:11, II Kings 1:12; ע׳ + direct object person + ד׳ Genesis 34:13.

respond to an occasion, speak in view of circumstances: I Samuel 9:17 (direct object person + quot.), Judges 18:14 (+ אָמַר), Numbers 11:28 (JE; + the same), II Kings 1:11 (+ the same), + 19 times

figuratively יַעֲנֶה אֶת־הַכֹּל Ecclesiastes 10:19 money meets all demands.

specif. respond as a witness, testify, so perhaps pt. עֹנֶה (absolute) Malachi 2:12 (in good sense); c. בְּ person = in the case of = for Genesis 30:33; usually against, I Samuel 12:3; II Samuel 1:16; Isaiah 3:9; Isaiah 59:12; Micah 6:3; Jeremiah 14:7; Job 15:6; Numbers 35:30, Ruth 1:21 (> Be be occupied with; Vrss Luth Kittel^Kau עִנָּה humiliate); c. בְּפָנָיו Hosea 5:5; Hosea 7:10; Job 16:8; c. לְפָנָיו Deuteronomy 31:21 (+ לְעֵד as witness); c. בְּ person + direct object of charge, סָרָה Deuteronomy 19:16, of false witness שֶׁקֶר v Deuteronomy 19:18, עֵד־שֶׁקֶר Exodus 20:13 (Ginsb v Exodus 20:13), ‖ Deuteronomy 5:17, Proverbs 25:18: absolute (bad implic.) Exodus 23:2 (E; עַל concerning).

less often make response as one accused (respondent) Job 9:14, Job 9:15.

make answer, subj. י׳, c. ל person, past (עבר) 1st singular נַעֲנֵיתִי Ezekiel 14:4; participle (בינוני) נַעֲנֶה v Ezekiel 14:7 (Qal not in Ez).

be answered: future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יֵעָנֶה,

Job 11:2 (subj. words).

of man = receive answer Proverbs 21:13, so 1st singular אֵעָנֶה Job 19:7.

participle (בינוני) מַעֲנֶה בְּשִׂמְחַת לִבּוֹ Ecclesiastes 5:19, wholly doubtful; Hitzig (God) cause (all things) to respond in the joy of his heart; De answers to the joy, etc.; de Jong Wild occupies him (II. עָנָה with the joy, etc.

עֵת

noun (fem.) Amos 5:13 and (seldom, mostly late) m. ^{Ezra 10:14} time (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Phoenician עת; Assyrian inu, ittu, time; Talm עַנְתָּא; clearly from a √ ענה, but doubtful whether I. ע׳);—absolute ע׳ Hosea 10:12 +, construct ע׳ Genesis 24:11 +, עֶת־ Leviticus 15:25 + 5 times; with suffix עִתּוֹ Hosea 2:11 +, etc.; plural, late, עִתִּים I Chronicles 12:32 +, with suffix עִתֶּיךָ Isaiah 33:6; עִתּוֹת Psalms 9:10; Psalms 10:1, with suffix עִתֹּתָ֑י Psalms 31:16;—ע׳ only twice P, once H;—

time of an event, etc.:

usually (213 times) c. preposition: c. בְּ (142 times), especially בָּע׳ הַהִוא Genesis 21:22 in that time, Genesis 38:1, Numbers 22:4, Deuteronomy 1:9 + 14 times Dt; בָּע׳ הַהִיא Joshua 5:2; Amos 5:13; Daniel 12:1^(×2) + (69 times, not in P); בָּע׳ הַזֹּאת Esther 4:14, בָּעִתִּים הָהֵם II Chronicles 15:5; Daniel 11:14; בְּכָל־עֵת at all times Exodus 18:22, Exodus 18:26, Leviticus 16:2 Psalms 34:2 +; = continually Proverbs 8:30, בְּכָל־עֵת אֲשֶׁר Esther 5:13 as long as I see Mordecai; c. לְ (31 times; compare ל 6, p. 516 above), II Samuel 11:1 + at the time, but Ezekiel 12:27 for distant times, compare לְעֵת כָּזֹאת Esther 4:14, etc.; c. כְּ (21 times; compare ב 1 a, p. 453 above), †מָחָר כָּע׳ הַזֹּאת Joshua 11:6 tomorrow about this time, usually כָּע׳ מָחָר (Konig^{Synt. 401 o}) Exodus 9:18, I Samuel 9:16 (compare Driver), I Samuel 20:12; I Kings 19:2; I Kings 20:6; II Kings 7:1, II Kings 7:18; II Kings 10:6 †; כָּעֵת חַיָּה see p. 312; †כָּעֵת הָרִאשׁוֹן Isaiah 8:23 at the former time; כָּעֵת alone Numbers 23:23 at this time = now (probably, compare Dillmann), Judges 13:23; Judges 21:22, etc.; c. מִן (8 times;), מִן הָעֵת הַהִא Nehemiah 13:21, etc.; c. עַד (12 times), עַד־הָע׳ הַהִיא Nehemiah 6:1 up to that time, מֵעֵת עַד־עֵת Ezekiel 4:10, Ezekiel 4:11, etc. (5 times Dn); c. אֶל־, מֵעֵת אֶל־עֵת I Chronicles 9:25.

often construct defined by n.following: בְּעֵת צָהֳרָ֑יִם Jeremiah 20:16, לְעֵת (הָ)עֶרֶב II Samuel 11:12; Genesis 8:11; Genesis 24:11 (both J), Isaiah 17:14; Zechariah 14:7, עַד־עֵת הָעָ֑רֶב Joshua 8:29, כְּעֵת מִנְחַת עֶרֶב Daniel 9:21, redundantly לְעֶת־יוֹם בְּיוֹם I Chronicles 12:23, ע׳ (ה)קָצִיר Jeremiah 50:16; Jeremiah 51:33, ע׳ הַזָּמִיר Song of Songs 2:12, ע׳ זִקְנָה I Kings 11:4; I Kings 15:23 Psalms 71:9, בְּע׳ אַפְּךָ Jeremiah 18:23 = לְע׳ פָּנֶיךָ Psalms 21:10 (of anger), לְעִתּוֹת בַּצָּרָה Psalms 9:10; Psalms 10:1 at times of destitution (see בַּצָּרָה), etc.

followed byinf. לְע׳ בּוֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Joshua 10:27, II Chronicles 18:34, בְּע׳ קָרְאָם Jeremiah 11:14 (read בְּעֵת also v b, Gie), etc.

followed by cl. c. verb fin. (poet. or late) Deuteronomy 32:35; Job 6:17; II Chronicles 20:22; II Chronicles 24:11; II Chronicles 29:27 + (compare 2 c).

= usual time: לְע׳ צֵאת II Samuel 11:1 at the time of kings’ going forth = I Chronicles 20:1; בְּעֵת יַחֵם Genesis 31:10; עֵת לֶדֶת Job 39:1, Job 39:2.

proper, suitable time: rain בְּעִתּוֹ Deuteronomy 11:14; Jeremiah 5:24 +, compare Leviticus 26:4, also Psalms 1:3; Psalms 104:27; Psalms 145:15; Proverbs 15:23; Isaiah 60:22; Ecclesiastes 3:11; עֵת מִלְחָמָה v Ecclesiastes 3:8, ע׳ שָׁלוֹם v Ecclesiastes 3:8; followed byinf. Hosea 10:12, הַעֵת לָקַחַת II Kings 5:26 is it a time to take money? Haggai 1:4, לְהִבָּנוֹת עֶת־בֵּית י׳ v Haggai 1:2 (v a read עַתָּ בָּא Hitzig Wellhausen Nowack al.); עֵת לַעֲשׂוֹת Psalms 119:126, compare Ecclesiastes 3:2-8 (26 times); absolute כִּי עֵת Hosea 13:13 (Hitzig Wellhausen al.; Guthe^Kau gives עַתָּ; > Nowack כָּעֵת); absolute c. neg. Job 22:16; Ecclesiastes 7:17; hence (late) יוֹדְעֵי בִינָה לָעִתִּים I Chronicles 12:32, יֹדְעֵי הָעִתִּים Esther 1:13 that is astrologers, etc.

appointed time, בְּעֵת תֵּת וגו׳ I Samuel 18:19 at the appointed time of giving, Ezekiel 7:7, Ezekiel 7:12 Isaiah 13:22, ע׳ פְּקֻדָּתָם Jeremiah 8:12; Jeremiah 10:15 = Jeremiah 51:18, Jeremiah 46:21; Jeremiah 50:27 compare (c.verb fin.) Jeremiah 6:15; Jeremiah 49:8; Jeremiah 50:31, ע׳ אַרְצוֹ Jeremiah 27:7, ע׳ גּוֹיִם Ezekiel 30:3, מְזֻמָּנִים לְעִתִּים Ezra 10:14 Nehemiah 10:35 compare Nehemiah 13:31; עַד־ע׳ מוֹעֵד II Samuel 24:15, Psalms 102:14 (‖ מוֹעֵד), etc.; compare עֵת וּמִשְׁפָּט Ecclesiastes 8:5, Ecclesiastes 8:6 (for time of judgment), עִתּוֹ Ecclesiastes 9:12; especially לְעֵת קֵץ Daniel 8:7 compare Daniel 11:35, Daniel 11:40; Daniel 12:4, Daniel 12:9, בְּע׳ עֲוֹן קֵץ Ezekiel 21:30, Ezekiel 21:34 compare Ezekiel 35:5; לְקֵץ הָעִתּים Daniel 11:13.

as uncertain עֵת וָפֶגַע Ecclesiastes 9:11.

= experiences, fortunes, plural אֱמוּנַת עִתֶּיךָ Isaiah 33:6, Psalms 31:16; הָעִתִּים אֲשֶׁר עָֽבְרוּ עָלָיו I Chronicles 29:30.

occurrence, occasion (= פַּעַם), רַבּוֹת עִתִּים Nehemiah 9:28 great numbers of times (= very often).

עַתָּ֫ה

(also Ezekiel 23:43 Psalms 74:6 עת Kt, Qr עַתָּה), עָ֑֫תָּה Genesis 32:5 +, adverb of time, now (proposes direct object of [’int], עֵת (Konig^{ii. 260}), at the time, in partic. of the present time, that is now; compare Germ. zur Zeit, Arabic اَلْآنَ at the time, that is now);—now:

Genesis 12:19 ועתה הנה אשׁתך and now, behold thy wife, Genesis 22:12 כי עתה ידעתי now I know (so Exodus 18:11; Judges 17:13; I Kings 17:24 [עַתָּה זֶה], Psalms 20:7), Genesis 26:22, Genesis 26:29; Genesis 27:36; Genesis 31:13, Genesis 31:28, etc., Exodus 5:5 הן רבים עתה עם הארץ; whether in opposite to past time, as Genesis 32:11; Joshua 14:11 כְּכֹחִי אָז וּכְכֹחִי עָ֑תָּה, Judges 11:8; I Kings 12:4; Isaiah 1:21 ועתה מרצהים, Isaiah 16:14 Hosea 2:9 כִּי טוֹב לִי אָז מֵעָ֑תָּה, Hosea 13:2; Job 30:1 +, or to future, as Numbers 24:17 אֶרְאֶנּוּ ולא עתה, Judges 8:6 הֲכַף זֶבַח וצ׳ עַתָּה־בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ, I Samuel 2:16 כִּי עַתָּה תִּתֵּן; = after all Numbers 22:38; Judges 8:2; = now at last II Samuel 24:16; I Kings 19:4; II Kings 19:25; Hosea 7:2; Jeremiah 4:12; and in the phr. מעתה ועד עולם †Isaiah 9:6; Isaiah 59:21; Micah 4:7 (see below), Psalms 113:2; Psalms 115:18; Psalms 121:8; Psalms 125:2; Psalms 131:3.

of the imminent or impending future: Genesis 19:9 עַתָּה נָרַע לְךָ מֵהֶם, Genesis 29:32 כי עתה יאהבני אישׁי, v Genesis 29:34 Exodus 6:1 עתה תראה, Numbers 11:23; Numbers 22:4; II Samuel 20:6; Isaiah 33:10 (Psalms 12:6), Isaiah 43:19; Isaiah 49:19; Amos 6:7 לכן עתה יִגְלוּ, Isaiah 49:19; Micah 7:4, Micah 7:10; Daniel 10:20; and especially ἀσυνδέτως in Hos, introducing a punishment, Hosea 4:16 עתה יִרְעֵם י׳ וגו׳ Hosea 5:7; Hosea 8:8, Hosea 8:13 (Jeremiah 14:10), Jeremiah 10:2.

of a time ideally present (= then, from our point of view): Isaiah 29:22 לא עתה יבושׁ יעקב, v b Hosea 10:3; Micah 4:9, Micah 4:10, Micah 4:11, Micah 4:14; Micah 5:3.

describing a present state = as things are: I Samuel 8:5 thou art old, etc., עתה שִׂימָה לנו מלך, I Samuel 9:6; I Samuel 13:12; I Samuel 14:30; I Samuel 25:7; I Samuel 27:1 now I shall be swept away one day, etc., II Kings 18:20, II Kings 18:25; Job 6:21; Job 14:16; Job 16:7.

with an imperative (ציווי), as an encouragement, implying that the time has come for the exhortation or advice to be followed, Genesis 31:13 עתה קום צא, Exodus 18:19 עתה שְׁמַע בקולי, Numbers 22:11 Deuteronomy 2:13 Isaiah 30:8.

Phrases:

עַתָּה זֶה (זֶה 4 h) †I Kings 17:24 II Kings 5:22.

ועתה and, now, or now, therefore (וְ 4), drawing a conclusion, especially (compare 1 e) a practical one, from what has been stated: Genesis 3:22 and now (since man has once been disobedinet), lest he put forth his hand, etc., Genesis 20:7; Genesis 21:23 וְעַתָּה הִשָּֽׁבְעָה לִי הֵ֫נָּה, Genesis 27:3, Genesis 27:8 ועתה בני שְׁמַע בקולי, Genesis 30:30; Genesis 31:16, Genesis 31:44; Genesis 37:20 + often, Isaiah 5:3, Isaiah 5:5; Isaiah 36:8 Psalms 2:10; Genesis 11:6 ועתה לֹא־יִבָּצֵר מֵהֶם וגו׳, Genesis 31:30; Genesis 45:8; II Samuel 19:11 Psalms 39:8 ועתה מַה־קִּוִּיתִי אֲדֹנָי, Isaiah 52:5.

וְעַתָּה הִנֵּה stating the ground on which some conclusion or action is to be based, Exodus 3:9 Joshua 14:10^(×2) I Samuel 12:2; I Samuel 24:21; I Kings 1:18; Jeremiah 40:4 (with ועתה usually repeated after the הנה-clause).

גם עתה Genesis 44:10; I Samuel 12:16; I Kings 14:14; Joel 2:12; Job 16:19.

מֵעַתָּה from now, henceforth, Jeremiah 3:4; Isaiah 48:6; Daniel 10:17 (according to some, here = from just now), II Chronicles 16:9; מעתה ועד עולם, see above 1 a end.

עַד־עַתָּה until now, Genesis 32:5 וָאֵחַר עד־ע׳, Deuteronomy 12:9 לא באתם עד ע׳ אל הנחלה (opposite to the fut.), II Kings 13:23; especially after clause with מִן, Genesis 46:34 מִנְּעוּרֵינוּ וְעַד־ע׳ (II Samuel 19:8 Ezekiel 4:14), Exodus 9:18; II Kings 8:6; Ruth 2:7.

כִּי עַתָּה for in this case, in our idiom, for then (עתה pointing to a condition assumed as a possible contingency; compare Driver^{§ 141, 142}); †(a) Exodus 9:15 כי עתה שׁלחתי וגו׳ for then (if the intention expressed in v Exodus 9:14 had not existed) I should have put forth my hand, etc., Numbers 22:29 כי עתה הֲרַגְתִּיךְ, I Samuel 13:13; Job 3:13; followed by impf. Job 6:3 for then (if it were weighed, v Job 6:2) it would be heavier, etc., Job 13:19 for then would I be silent and die; (b) after a protasis, surely then Genesis 31:42 + (see כִּי 1 d b, p. 472).—

Read כְּמוֹ עַתָּ (Septuagint Vulgate) as now, for כְּמוֹ עֵת Ezekiel 16:57, עַתָּ נִשְׁבַּרְתְּ (Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate) now art thou broken! for עֵת נִשְׁבֶּרֶת Ezekiel 27:34, and probably עַתָּ בָּא (Hitzig Wellhausen Konig Nowack, compare Septuagint Peshitta) for עֶת־בֹּא Haggai 1:2; also עַתָּה for אַתָּה I Kings 1:20, and אַתָּה for עַתָּה v I Kings 1:18; II Samuel 18:3.

עַתַּי

n.pr.m. (Ι)εθθει

of Judah I Chronicles 2:35 (עַתָּ֑י), v I Chronicles 2:36.

of Gad I Chronicles 12:11.

II Chronicles 11:20

עִתִּי

adjective timely, ready (Gk. ὡραῖος);—אִישׁ ע׳ Leviticus 16:21 a man who is in readiness.

עָנָה²

verb be occupied, busied with (ב), only Ec (perhaps Aramaic loan-word; Syriac ܥܢܳܐ be occupied with, ܥܶܢܝܳܢ occupation, affair; compare Arabic عنى, عَنَا concern one, also be occupied by; Ecclus 42:8 ^margin);—

infinitive (מקור) עֲנוֹת Ecclesiastes 1:13; Ecclesiastes 3:10.

עִנְיָן

noun (masc.) ^{Ecclesiastes 1:13} occupation, task, only Ec (Aramaic loan-word Lagarde^{BN 205}; common in Mishnaic Hebrew);—ע׳ absolute Ecclesiastes 2:26; Ecclesiastes 3:10; Ecclesiastes 5:2; Ecclesiastes 8:16; with suffix כַּעַס עִנְיָנוֹ Ecclesiastes 2:23 his task is (sheer) vexation; עִנְיָן רָע Ecclesiastes 1:13 an evil (worthless) task, so Ecclesiastes 4:8 (Mass. עִנְיַן as if construct, see Baer^{1, 13} but Konig^{ii. 1, 99}), and, in weakened sense, Ecclesiastes 5:13 a bad business, bad affair.

עָנָה³

verb be bowed down, afflicted (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; MI Pi. ויענו l⁵, אענו l⁶; Assyrian enû, thwart, frustrate, do violence to; Arabic عنو, عَنَا be lowly, submissive, see Rahlfs^{עָנִי und עָנָו in d. Psalmen (1892), 67 ff.}; Targum עַנִּי Pa. oppress; Syriac Ethpe. humble oneself, and deriv.);—

past (עבר) 1st singular עָנִיתִי Psalms 116:10; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַעֲנֶה Isaiah 25:5; Isaiah 31:4, etc.;—

be put down or become low, of song of triumph Isaiah 25:5 (others as Hiph. he putteth down, ‖ תַּכְנִיעַ).

be depressed, downcast Isaiah 31:4 (of lion; ‖ יֵחָ֑ת).

be afflicted Psalms 116:10; Psalms 119:67; Zechariah 10:2.

past (עבר) 1st singular נַעֲנֵיתִי Psalms 119:107; infinitive (מקור) construct לֵעָנֹת (perhaps read as Qal Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 51 l) Exodus 10:3; participle (בינוני) נַעֲנֶה Isaiah 53:7; fs. נַעֲנָה Isaiah 58:10;—

humble oneself מִפְּנֵי Exodus 10:3.

be afflicted Psalms 119:107 Isaiah 53:7; Isaiah 58:10.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular עִנָּה Deuteronomy 22:24 + 5 times; 2nd masculine singular עִנִּיתָ Psalms 88:8; 1st singular עִנֵּיתִי Psalms 35:13, with suffix וְעִנִּתִךְ consec. Nahum 1:12, etc.; future (עתיד) יְעַנֶּה Job 37:23, etc.; imperative (ציווי) עַנּוּ Judges 19:24; infinitive (מקור) absolute עַנֵּה Exodus 22:22; construct עַנּוֹת Isaiah 58:5 +, etc.; participle (בינוני) plural with suffix מְעַנַּיִךְ Isaiah 60:14 Zephaniah 3:19;—

humble, mishandle, afflict: individual Genesis 16:6; Genesis 31:50 Exodus 22:21, Exodus 22:22^(×2) Job 30:11; by imprisonment and bonds Judges 16:5, Judges 16:6, Judges 16:19 Psalms 105:18; a nation by way or in bondage Genesis 15:13 Exodus 1:11, Exodus 1:12; Numbers 24:24^(×2) Deuteronomy 26:6; I Samuel 12:8 (inserting וַיְעַנּוּם מִצְרַיִם, so Septuagint Driver Budde Kittel HPS (compare Th Wellhausen]), II Samuel 7:10; II Kings 17:20 Psalms 94:5; Isaiah 60:14; Zephaniah 3:19; dynasty of David Psalms 89:23.

humble, a woman by cohabit., Genesis 34:2 Deuteronomy 21:14; Deuteronomy 22:24, Deuteronomy 22:29; Judges 19:24; Judges 20:5 II Samuel 13:12, II Samuel 13:14, II Samuel 13:22, II Samuel 13:32; Ezekiel 22:10, Ezekiel 22:11; Lamentations 5:11.

afflict as a discipline (God agent) Deuteronomy 8:2, Deuteronomy 8:3, Deuteronomy 8:16; I Kings 11:39 Psalms 88:8; Psalms 90:15; Psalms 119:75; Isaiah 64:11 Nahum 1:12^(×2) Lamentations 3:33.

humble, weaken, obj. כֹּחַ Psalms 102:24; משׁפט Job 37:23 (compare Talm עִנָּה דִּין); נֶפֶשׁ oneself, by fasting Leviticus 16:29, Leviticus 16:31; Leviticus 23:27, Leviticus 23:32; Numbers 29:7 Psalms 35:13; Isaiah 58:3, Isaiah 58:5; by an oath Numbers 30:14.

past (עבר) 1st singular עֻנֵּיתִי Psalms 119:71; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תְּעֻנֶּה Leviticus 23:29; infinitive (מקור) construct with suffix עֻנּוֹתוֹ Psalms 132:1; participle (בינוני) מְעֻנֶּה Isaiah 53:4;—

be afflicted, in discipline by God Psalms 119:71; Psalms 132:1 Isaiah 53:4.

be humbled by fasting Leviticus 23:29.

future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular with suffix תַּעֲנֵם I Kings 8:35 = II Chronicles 6:26 afflict, in discipline.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִתְעַנָּה I Kings 2:26; 2nd masculine singular הִתְעַנִּיתָ v I Kings 2:26; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יִתְעַנּוּ Psalms 107:17; imperative (ציווי) הִתְעַנִּי Genesis 16:9; infinitive (מקור) construct הִתְעַנּוֹת Ezra 8:21 Daniel 10:12;—

humble oneself (c. תַּחַת יָדֶיהָ Genesis 16:9.

be afflicted, by men I Kings 2:26^(×2) by God in discipline Psalms 107:17.

humble oneself in fasting Ezra 8:21 Daniel 10:12.

עָנָו

(?; Lagarde^{BN 48}) noun (masc.) poor, afflicted, humble, meek;—עָנָו Numbers 12:3 (Kt; Qr עָנָיו is to ensure the—ָ according to Dillmann Konig^{ii 1, 76}); elsewhere plural עֲנָוִים Isaiah 29:19 + 11 times + Kt עֲנָוִים Isaiah 32:7 Psalms 9:19 (Qr עֲנִיִּים); Qr עֲנָוִים Psalms 9:13; Psalms 10:12 Proverbs 3:34; Proverbs 14:21; Proverbs 16:19 (Kt עניים); construct עַנְוֵי Zephaniah 2:3 + 2 times, + Kt ענוי (Qr עֲנִיֵּי) Amos 8:4 (so Job 24:4 van d. H.; but עֲנִיֵּי Kt and Qr Baer Ginsb)—these forms shew confusion with עָנִי, which is perhaps only another form of עָנָו (otherwise Rahlfs^{op. cit. 62 f.} Driver^‘Poor’ in Hastings^DB; עָנָו = humble, meek, עָנִי = passive humbled, afflicted);—

poor, needy Proverbs 14:21 (Qr).

poor and weak, oppressed by rich and powerful Amos 2:7; Isaiah 29:19; Isaiah 32:7 (Kt); ענוי (ה)ארץ Psalms 76:10 Isaiah 11:4 Zephaniah 2:3 Amos 8:4 (Kt), Job 24:4.

poor, weak and afflicted Israel (usually rendered meek) Psalms 10:17; Psalms 22:26; Psalms 25:9^(×2); Psalms 34:3; Psalms 37:11; Psalms 69:33 (עָנִי 3, also in all these ψψ), Psalms 147:6; Psalms 149:4 Isaiah 61:1 (‖ נשׁברי לב, compare Isaiah 66:2 עָנִי 3), Psalms 9:19 (Kt) v Psalms 9:13; Psalms 10:12 (Qr).

humble, lowly, meek Numbers 12:3 (Moses); Proverbs 3:34; Proverbs 16:19 (both Qr).

עֲנָוָה

noun (fem.) humility;—ע׳ Proverbs 15:33 + 3 times; עַנְוָה־ (contr. because of Maqqeph, see Br^MP) Psalms 45:5; עַנְוָֽתְךָ Psalms 18:36 (= עֲנֹתְךָ II Samuel 22:36 see I. ענה; read עֶזְרָֽתְךְ Olshausen Wellhausen);—

humility, meekness Psalms 45:5 (doubtful), Proverbs 15:33; Proverbs 18:12; Proverbs 22:4 Zephaniah 2:3 (probably gloss, see Wellhausen Nowack).

condescension Psalms 18:36 (doubtful, see above).

עֱנוּת

noun (fem.) affliction;—Psalms 22:25; Cheyne^{JBL xv (1896), 198} proposes צַעֲקַת cry [compare Septuagint Vulgate Targum], (צ dropped out after ץ).

עָנִי

adjective poor, afflicted, humble;—ע׳ Deuteronomy 24:12 + 51 times; plural עֲנִיִּים Isaiah 3:15 + 6 times; construct עֲנִיֵּי Isaiah 10:2 + 4 times (see also Kt and Qr sub עָנָו above); with suffix עֲנִיֶּיךָ Psalms 72:2; Psalms 74:19, עֲנִיֶּ֑ךָ Deuteronomy 15:11; עֲנִיָּו Isaiah 49:13; fs. עֲנִיָּה Isaiah 51:21; Isaiah 54:11 (+ Isaiah 10:30 Masoretic Text, but read עֲנִיהָ, see I. ענה);—

poor, needy, ‖ אביון Deuteronomy 15:11; Deuteronomy 24:14, Deuteronomy 24:15; Proverbs 31:20, ‖ יתום Job 24:12; Exodus 22:24, Deuteronomy 24:12; having right to gleanings Leviticus 19:10; Leviticus 23:22; יְמֵי ע׳ Proverbs 15:15, compare Proverbs 14:21 (Kt).

poor and weak, oppressed by rich and powerful Isaiah 3:14, Isaiah 3:15; Isaiah 32:7 (Qr), Isaiah 58:7; Job 29:12; Job 36:6, Job 36:15; Proverbs 30:14; Ecclesiastes 6:8; Ezekiel 18:17; Zechariah 7:10; Job 24:4, also Amos 8:4 (Qr); ‖ דל Job 34:28; Proverbs 22:22; עֲנִיֵּי עַמִּי Isaiah 10:2; ענו ואביון Job 24:14; Proverbs 31:9; Jeremiah 22:16; Ezekiel 16:49; Ezekiel 18:12; Ezekiel 22:29.

poor, weak, afflicted Israel, or pious in Israel afflicted by wicked nations or the wicked in Israel itself Psalms 10:2, Psalms 10:9^(×2), Psalms 14:6 (doubtful, compare Psalms 53:6) Psalms 102:1 (or n.pr.), Isaiah 14:32; Habakkuk 3:14; of Zion, עֲנִיָּה Isaiah 51:21; Isaiah 54:11; שׁד ע׳ Psalms 12:6; יחיד וע׳ Psalms 25:16; עני ואביון Psalms 35:10; Psalms 37:14; Psalms 40:18 = Psalms 70:6, Psalms 74:21; Psalms 86:1; Psalms 109:16, Psalms 109:22, plural Isaiah 41:17; עני וְכוֹאֵב Psalms 69:30; ע׳ וָרָשׁ Psalms 82:3; עֱנוּת ע׳ Psalms 22:25; ע׳ וְגׄוֵעַ Psalms 88:16 ‖ דל Isaiah 26:6 Zephaniah 3:12; ע׳ וּנְכֵה־רוּחַ Isaiah 66:2;—Zechariah 11:7, Zechariah 11:11 see ii. כְּנַעֲנִי;—God does not forget them Psalms 9;Psalms 13 (Kt)¹⁹ (Qr) Psalms 10:12 (Kt) Psalms 74:19, but has pity on them Isaiah 49:13, saves Psalms 34:7, delivers Psalms 35:10, and bestows various favours Psalms 68:11; Psalms 140:13, the king also judges Psalms 72:2, Psalms 72:4, and delivers Psalms 72:12.

humble, lowly, Zechariah 9:9 (victorious king); opposite לֵצִים Proverbs 3:34 (Kt); opposite גֵּאִים Proverbs 16:19 (Kt); עם עני opposite עינים רמות Psalms 18:28 = II Samuel 22:28.

עֳנִי

noun (masc.) affliction, poverty;—ע׳ Exodus 3:7 +; עֹ֑נִי Deuteronomy 16:3 +, ע֑וֹנִי Psalms 107:41, עוני II Samuel 16:12 (Kt, but read עָנְיִי; > Qr עֵינִי !); with suffix עָנְיִי Genesis 31:42 +, עָנְיֵךְ Genesis 16:11, etc.;—

affliction, Job 36:15, Job 36:21 Psalms 44:25; Psalms 88:10; Psalms 107:41; Psalms 119:50, Psalms 119:92 Lamentations 1:3; Lamentations 3:19; ארץ ע׳ Genesis 41:52; יְמֵי ע׳ Job 30:16, Job 30:27 Lamentations 1:7; כּוּר ע׳ Isaiah 48:10; חַבְלֵי ע׳ Job 36:8; אֲסִירֵי ע׳ Psalms 107:10; בְּנֵי ע׳ Proverbs 31:5; ראה ע׳ Genesis 31:42, Exodus 3:7; Exodus 4:31, Deuteronomy 26:7; II Kings 14:26; Nehemiah 9:9; Job 10:15 Psalms 9:14; Psalms 25:18; Psalms 31:8; Psalms 119:153; Lamentations 1:9; Lamentations 3:1, ins. also before עַמִּי I Samuel 9:16 Septuagint Th Wellhausen Driver Kittel Budde HPS; ראה בע׳ Genesis 29:32, I Samuel 1:11 II Samuel 16:12 (see above); שׁמע ע׳ Genesis 16:11; העלה מע׳ Exodus 3:17; להם עני Deuteronomy 16:3.

frustration, בְּעָנִיִי in spite of my frustration, I Chronicles 22:14.

עָנָה⁴

verb sing (Arabic عَنَّى sing, chant, غِنَآءٌ singing, chanting, etc.; Syriac ܥܰܢܺܝ sing responsively, ܥܽܘܢܺܝܬܳܐ hymn, refrain; poss. Assyrian enû, resound (?); Egyptian anni is loan-word according to Bondi⁸⁰);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular וְעָנוּ consec. Jeremiah 51:14; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַעֲנֶה Jeremiah 25:30; 3rd feminine singular וַתַּעַן Exodus 15:21; Exodus 15:3 fpl. וַתַּעֲנֶינָה I Samuel 18:7, etc.; imperative (ציווי) עֱנוּ Numbers 21:17 Psalms 147:7; infinitive (מקור) construct עֲנוֹת Exodus 32:18^(×2);—sing, utter tunefully, Exodus 15:21 and Miriam sang to (ל) them; of uttering shout (הֵידָד), as in vintage Jeremiah 25:30 (י׳ subj.; + אֶל־ person), in attack Jeremiah 51:14 (+ עַל־ person); קוֹל עֲנוֹתגְּבוּרָה(חֲלוּשָׁה) Exodus 32:18^(×2) Hosea 2:17; c. ל rei see person laudat. Numbers 21:17 (JE; well); Psalms 147:7 (י׳; ‖ זַמְּרוּ), Ezra 3:11; + אָמַר I Samuel 18:7 the women sang, and said; יַעֲגוּ בַמְּחֹלוֹת לֵאמֹר I Samuel 21:12; I Samuel 29:5; with a direct object rei laudat. Psalms 119:172 (compare ‖ v Psalms 119:171).—Isaiah 13:22 see עון.

intens.: imperative (ציווי) עַנּוּ־לַהּ Isaiah 27:2 sing sweetly of it; infinitive (מקור) קוֹל עַנּוֹת Exodus 32:18 the sound of distinct singing; compare לְעַנּוֹת Psalms 88:1.

עֲנָה

n.pr.m. Horites:—

Genesis 36:2 (read הַחֹרִי for הַחִוִּי see Dillmann) v Genesis 36:14, Genesis 36:18, Genesis 36:20, Genesis 36:25^(×2), Genesis 36:29 = I Chronicles 1:38, I Chronicles 1:41.

(‘nephew’ of 1) Genesis 36:24^(×2) = I Chronicles 1:40.—Ανα, Α(ι)να(ν) (compare n.pr.m. ען, Safa, Hal^{JAs 7, x. 374}).

עֵז²

noun (fem.) Genesis 15:9 she-goat;—absolute ע׳ Genesis 15:9 + 6 times; plural עִזִּים Genesis 27:9 + 65 times; with suffix עִזֶּיךָ Genesis 31:38;—

as property Genesis 30:22, Genesis 30:33, Genesis 30:35, Genesis 31:38, I Samuel 25:2.

as food: עִזִּים (גְּדִי) גְּדָיֵי kid(s) of she-goats Genesis 27:9, Genesis 27:16 + 7 times, שְׂעִיר עִזּים Genesis 37:31 a buck of goats, he-goat, שֵׂה עִזִּים Deuteronomy 14:4 a(n individual) goat; compare Leviticus 7:23 (P; fat forbidden); also חֲלֵב ע׳ Proverbs 27:27 goats’ milk.

as sacrificial victim, chiefly P:

in generally Leviticus 22:27, Numbers 15:11.

in בְּרִית Genesis 15:9 (JE; compare v Genesis 15:18).

פֶּסַח Exodus 12:5 (שֶׂה), בְּנֵי עִזִּים II Chronicles 35:7.

עוֹלָה Leviticus 22:19, Leviticus 1:10 Numbers 28:30 (שְׂעִיר ע׳).

זֶבַח שְׁלָמִים Leviticus 3:12; Leviticus 17:3 (H; compare v Leviticus 17:5), אִשֶּׁה Numbers 18:17 (בְּכוֹר ע׳). f. חַטָּאת, שְׂעִיר ע׳ Ezekiel 43:22; Ezekiel 45:23 Leviticus 4:23 + 3 times Lv, Numbers 7:16 + 19 times Nu; שְׂעִירַת עִזִּים a single she-goat Leviticus 4:28; Leviticus 5:6; צְפִירֵי עִזִּים II Chronicles 29:21 he-goats.

עִזִּים = goats’ hair, as material I Samuel 19:13, I Samuel 19:16 Exodus 25:4 + 6 times P (Exodus 35:26 obj. of טָווּ!).

in sim. חֲשִׂפֵי עִזִּים I Kings 20:27 (see [חָשִׂיף]); כְּעֵדֶר הָע׳ Song of Songs 4:1; Song of Songs 6:5, of flowing, undulating hair.

צְפִיר הָע׳ Daniel 8:5, Daniel 8:8 he-goat in vision.

עִנְיָן²

see II. [ענה].

עָנֵם

see עֵין גַּנִּים.

עֲנָמִים

n.pr.gent. in (or near) Egypt Genesis 10:13 = I Chronicles 1:11, Αινειαμιειμ, Αινεμετιειμ, etc.; form doubtful and locality unknown, v conjunction in Dillmann.

עָנָן

noun (masc.) Exodus 19:16 cloud-mass, cloud;—(הֶ)ע׳ absolute Exodus 19:9 +; construct עֲנַזִ Hosea 6:4 +; with suffix עֲנָֽנְךָ Numbers 14:14, עֲנָנוֹ Job 26:9; Job 37:15; plural עֲנָנִים Jeremiah 4:13;—

cloud-mass:

especially of theophanic cloud (58 times), chiefly at Exodus in JE (less often P), usually עַמּוּד הֶע׳ Exodus 13:21, Exodus 13:22 + (see עַמּוּד), but also ע׳ alone Exodus 34:5 compare Exodus 14:20, Numbers 10:34; Numbers 11:25; Numbers 14:14 (all JE); עַב־הֶע׳ Exodus 19:9, ע׳ כָּבֵד v Exodus 19:16; ע׳ in P Exodus 16:10; Exodus 24:15 + 23 times; also Deuteronomy 1:33; Deuteronomy 4:11; Deuteronomy 5:17, Psalms 78:14; Psalms 105:39; in temple I Kings 8:10, I Kings 8:11 = II Chronicles 5:13, II Chronicles 5:14, compare Ezekiel 1:4; Ezekiel 10:3, Ezekiel 10:4; hence in generally Psalms 97:2, as symbol of protection Isaiah 4:5; as a barrier Lamentations 3:44; compare וע׳ אֲבַק רַגְלָיו Nahum 1:3.

of rain-bow cloud Genesis 9:13, Genesis 9:14^(×2), Genesis 9:16, Ezekiel 1:28 (sim.).

עֲנַן־בֹּקֶר Hosea 6:4; Hosea 13:3 (sim. of transitoriness; on phenom. in Pal. see Chaplin^{PEQ, 1883, 19}), compare Isaiah 44:22; Job 7:9 (both the same); sim. of invasion Ezekiel 38:9, Ezekiel 38:16, plural Jeremiah 4:13.

poet. in various connex. Job 26:8, Job 26:9; Job 38:9; c. אוֹר as thunder-cloud Job 37:11, Job 37:15;

symbol. of gloom Ezekiel 30:18; Ezekiel 32:7; יוֹם ע׳ וַעֲרָפֶל Zephaniah 1:15; Ezekiel 34:12; Joel 2:2, compare Ezekiel 30:3 (all of day of י׳).

ע׳ קְטֹרֶת Leviticus 16:13 cloud of incense, so Ezekiel 8:11 (del. ע׳ Septuagint Co Berthol, not Toy).

עֲנָנָה

noun (fem.) cloud (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 122t) Job 3:5.

עָנַן²

verb Pōʿ. practise soothsaying (probably denom., but orig. meaning doubtful; connex. with i. עָנָן (De Isaiah 2:6) now generally abandoned; Löw^{ZMG xxxi (1877), 539} cp. עַיִן eye, so Wellhausen^{Skizzen iii. 148} (but see below); Robertson Smith^{JPhil. xiv (1885), 119 f.} cp. Arabic غُنَّةٌ nasal twang, hum of insects, whence diviners as crooning; Ewald Gerber³¹ of diviner as interpreting hum of insects, whisper of leaves, etc.; Wellhausen^{Heid. 2, 204} now cp. عَنَّ appear, that is dealers in phenomena);—past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular consec. וְעוֹנֵן II Kings 21:6 = II Chronicles 33:6; future (עתיד) 2nd masculine plural וְלֹא תְעוֹנֵ֑נוּ Leviticus 19:26; participle (בינוני) as noun מְעוֹנֵן Deuteronomy 18:10 (forbidden), plural מְעֹנְנִים v Deuteronomy 18:14, מְעוֹ׳ Micah 5:11, אֵלוֹן מְעוֹנְנִים Judges 9:37 (see i. אֵלוֹן; seat of an oracle, compare Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 179, 2nd ed. 196}); also (without מְ, compare Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 233 Konig^{i. 349}) עֹנְנִים Isaiah 2:6, with suffix עֹנְנֵיכֶם Jeremiah 27:9; fs. in בְּנֵי עֹנְנָה Isaiah 57:3 sons of a soothsaying woman, figuratively of apostates.—Vid. כִּשֵּׁף, II. [נָחַשׁ], [קָסַם].

עָנָן²

n.pr.m. Nehemiah 10:27, Ηναμ, Η(ι)ναν (compare n.pr.m. Sab. ענן SabDenkm³⁰; Palmyrene ענני).

עֲנַנְיָה

n.pr.

m. Nehemiah 3:23, Ανανια(ς).

location Nehemiah 11:32, Ανανια, Ανια; perhaps mod. Beit Ḫanîna, c. 4 miles NNW. from Jerusalem, compare Buhl^{Geogr. 167}.

עָנָף

n.[m.] branch(es), bough(s);—usually singular coll., absolute ע׳ branches of vine Ezekiel 17:8, plural only with suffix עֲנָפֶיהָ Psalms 80:11 (both in figuratively); boughs of tree, construct עֲנַף Leviticus 23:40, with suffix (as if from *עֶנֶף Konig^{ii. 1, 74}) עַנְפְּכֶם Ezekiel 36:8; singular absolute (in figuratively) Malachi 3:19, of cedar Ezekiel 17:23; Ezekiel 31:3.

עֲנָק

n.[m.] neck, only in epith. gent. בְּנֵי הָעֲנָק long-necked (tall) men, early giant people about Hebron and in Philistia, Ενακ, Εναχ, Joshua 15:14 = Judges 1:20, without art. Numbers 13:33, Deuteronomy 9:2; also יְלִידַי הָע׳ Numbers 13:22, Numbers 13:28; Joshua 15:14 (all JE); called also עֲנָקִים long-necks, Ενακειμ, Joshua 14:12, Joshua 14:15, Joshua 11:21, Joshua 11:22, Deuteronomy 2:10, Deuteronomy 2:11, Deuteronomy 2:21 + Jeremiah 47:5 (read עֲנָקִים for Masoretic Text עִמְקָם), and perhaps I Chronicles 12:16 (see עֵמֶק ad fin.); בְּנֵי עֲנָקִים I Chronicles 1:28 (Septuagint γίγαντες, compare Numbers 13:33), Numbers 9:2; עֲנָק later (erron.) as eponym. ancestor of Anaḳim Joshua 15:13 = עֲנוֹק Joshua 21:11 (both P).—Vid. especially Mey^{journal ZAW i (1881), 139} GFM Judges 1:10, Judges 1:20 Cheyne^{Ency. Bib. ANAK}.

עֲנָק²

noun (masc.) ^{Song of Songs 4:9} necklace, neck-pendant (Aramaism according to Lagarde^{BN 175});—absolute ע׳ Song of Songs 4:9 appar. part of necklace, perhaps neck-pendant; plural עֲנָקוֹת Judges 8:26 (ornament of camels), עֲנָקִים Proverbs 1:9 (of youth; in figuratively).

עָנֵר

n.pr.

appar. m. ally of Abram Genesis 14:13, Genesis 14:24, Αυναν; compare אֶשְׁכּוֹל, מַמְרֵא.

location in Manasseh I Chronicles 6:55 Αμαρ, SeptuagintL Ανηρ.

עֹ֫נֶשׁ

n.[m.] indemnity, fine;—וַיִּתֶּן־ע׳ עַל־הָאָרֶץ II Kings 23:33; of individual נֹשֵׂא ע׳ Proverbs 19:19.

עֲנָת

n.pr.m. father of Shamgar Judges 3:31; Judges 5:6, Αναθ (Δειναχ, Κεναθ);—see also בֵּית עֲנוֹת, ב׳ עֲנָת (compare Tel Am. n. pr. Anati, Winckler^{125, 43}; Assyrian n. pr. deae Anatu (Jastr^{Rel. Bab. 153}; hence) in Syria and Phoenician—also Egypt—ענת (Muss-Arnolt^{JBL xi (1892), 80} Pietschmann^{Phön. 149 f.} Hal^{JAs. 7, x (1877), 374; xiii (1879), 208})).

עֲנָתוֹת

and (I Kings 2:26) עֲנָתֹת n.pr. Αναθωθ;

location (compare goddess Anat, ref. sub foregoing);—Isaiah 10:30; I Kings 2:26; Jeremiah 1:1; Jeremiah 11:21, Jeremiah 11:23; Jeremiah 32:7, Jeremiah 32:8, Jeremiah 32:9 Joshua 21:18, I Chronicles 6:45; Ezra 2:23 = Nehemiah 7:26; Nehemiah 11:32; mod. ʿAnâtâ, c. 3 miles NNE. from Jerusalem, compare Buhl^{Geogr. 175} GASm^{Geogr. 315}.

m.

I Chronicles 7:8.

Nehemiah 10:20.

עָסִיס

noun (masc.) ^{Joel 1:5} sweet wine (proposes pressed out juice);—absolute ע׳ Amos 9:13 (see Driver and reff.), Joel 1:5; Joel 4:18; in sim. Isaiah 49:26; construct עֲסִיס רִמֹּנִי Song of Songs 8:2.

עפאים

Kt, עֳפָיִם Qr n.[m.]plural foliage (compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) §93 z; Aramaic loan-word, Targum עָפְיָא foliage, Syriac ܥܘܽܦܝܳܐ flower, branch);—Psalms 104:12.

עֹ֫פֶל

n. [m.] mound, hill, only as acropolis;—ע׳ absolute II Kings 5:24 +, construct Micah 4:8;—fortified mound or hill within city, of Jerus. (compare Rob^{BR i. 267} GuZPV^{v (1882), 326}) Micah 4:8; Isaiah 32:14; S. end of eastern hill Nehemiah 3:26; Nehemiah 11:21; II Chronicles 33:14 חוֹמַת הָע׳ Nehemiah 3:27; II Chronicles 27:3 (compare חמת העפל in קרחה MI^21.22); of Samaria II Kings 5:24.

עֹ֫פֶל²

noun (masc.) I Samuel 6:4 hemorrhoid;—only plural Kt (בָּ)עֳפָלִים Deuteronomy 28:27; I Samuel 5:6, I Samuel 5:9, I Samuel 5:12; construct עָפְלֵי I Samuel 6:4; with suffix עָפְלֵיכֶם v I Samuel 6:5; Qr in all (ב)טְחֹרִים, טְחֹרֵי, טְחֹרֵיכֶם, see [טְחוֹר].

עָפָר

noun (masc.) ^{Leviticus 14:42} dry earth, dust;—absolute ע׳ Genesis 2:7 +, construct עֲפַר Genesis 13:16 +; with suffix עֲפָרֵךְ Ezekiel 26:12, עֲפָרוֹ Deuteronomy 9:21, etc.; plural construct עַפְרֹת Job 28:6; Proverbs 8:26;—

literally:

dry, loose earth, thrown (in malice) II Samuel 16:13 (‖ אֲבָנִים); וַיַּעֲלוּ ע׳ עַל־רֹאשׁ Joshua 7:6 (JE; sign of grief), so Ezekiel 27:30; Lamentations 2:10, and (c. זָרַק) Job 2:12; loose earth (on surface of ground) I Kings 18:38; Amos 2:7; Isaiah 34:7, Isaiah 34:9; Leviticus 17:13 Ezekiel 24:7 (in figuratively), Numbers 5:17; Job 14:19; Job 38:38; Job 39:14; Genesis 26:15, made into siege works Habakkuk 1:10; of sand-storm Deuteronomy 28:24 (+ אָבָק); as serpent’s food, token of punishment and humiliation, Genesis 3:14 Isaiah 65:25 (compare Micah 7:17 2 e below); זׄחֲלֵי ע׳ Deuteronomy 32:24 (poem; compare 2 e).

specif. as material of human body Genesis 2:7; Genesis 3:19, Ecclesiastes 3:20, compare Job 4:19; Job 8:19 Psalms 103:14, to which it returns (שׁוּב אֶל־) Genesis 3:19; Job 10:9 Psalms 104:29 Ecclesiastes 3:20; so (c. עַל) Job 34:15; Ecclesiastes 12:7.

= surface of ground Exodus 8:12, Exodus 8:13^(×2) (P; ע׳ הָאָרֶץ), Job 19:25; Isaiah 25:12; Isaiah 26:5 (both ‖ אֶרֶץ), surface of (whole) earth Job 41:25, מְחִלוֹת ע׳ Isaiah 2:19 (for hiding), so ע׳ alone v Isaiah 2:10, compare חֹרֵי ע׳ Job 30:6; = soil, Job 5:6; Job 7:5; Job 14:8.

powder of anything pulverized Deuteronomy 9:21^(×2) (compare דָּ֑ק ‖ Exodus 32:20), II Kings 23:6^(×2), II Kings 23:12, II Kings 23:15, so in sim. II Samuel 22:43 = Psalms 18:43, hence = ashes v Psalms 18:4; Numbers 19:17.

debris, of ruined city I Kings 20:10; Ezekiel 26:4, Ezekiel 26:12; Nehemiah 3:34; Nehemiah 4:4 Psalms 102:15. The following are late:

earth of the grave: לֶע׳ אֶשְׁכַּב Job 7:21, so (c. עַל) Job 20:11; Job 21:26, compare Job 17:16; יוֹרְדֵי ע׳ Psalms 22:30, שֹׁכְנֵי ע׳ Isaiah 26:19, יְשֵׁנֵי אַדְמַת־ע׳ Daniel 12:2; עֲפַר־מָוֶת Psalms 22:16; ע׳ in figuratively Psalms 30:10.

mortar (that is dried mud) for plastering houses Leviticus 14:41, Leviticus 14:42, Leviticus 14:45.

(iron-) ore Job 28:2; עַפְרֹת זָהָב v Job 28:6 golddust (but see סַפִּיר).

material of earth Isaiah 40:12, compare ראֹשׁ עַפְרֹת תֵּבֵל Proverbs 8:26 the first of the earth- particles of the world.

figuratively:

of abundance Genesis 13:16^(×2); Genesis 28:14 (all J) II Chronicles 1:9; Job 27:16 Psalms 78:27 (‖ חוֹל יַמִּים), compare עֲפַר יַעֲקֹב Numbers 23:10; with added idea of commonness, worthlessness Zephaniah 1:17; Zechariah 9:3.

of worthlessness (alone) Job 22:24.

sim. of the scattered, dispersed II Kings 13:7; כֶּע׳ Isaiah 41:2 (so van d. H. Ginsb; Baer כֵּע׳; on meaning see Duhm Cheyne, reading תְּשִׂימֵם for יִתֵּן).

of self-abasement Genesis 18:27 (+ אֵפֶר), וְנִחַמְתִּי עַל־ע׳ וָאֵפֶר Job 42:6, יִתֵּן בֶּע׳ פִּיהוּ Lamentations 3:29.

of humiliation (sitting or lying in dust) Isaiah 29:4; Isaiah 47:1; Micah 1:10; Job 16:15; Job 40:13 Psalms 7:6; Psalms 44:26; Psalms 119:25, sim. Job 30:19; licking dust Psalms 72:9 Isaiah 49:23; Micah 7:17, compare TelAm. tikalu ipra (of enemies, see Winckler^{Altor. Forsch. iii. 291}; also of serpent 1 a above); of י׳ raising from the dust I Samuel 2:8 = Psalms 113:7, I Kings 16:2; of lifting oneself Isaiah 52:2.

עֶפְרוֹן

n.pr. Εφρων:—

m. Hittite, Abr.’s time, according to Genesis 23:8, Genesis 23:10^(×2), Genesis 23:13, Genesis 23:16, Genesis 23:17; Genesis 49:29, עֶפְרֹן Genesis 23:6; Genesis 25:9; Genesis 49:30; Genesis 50:13 (all P).

location II Chronicles 13:19 Kt (עֶפְרַיִן Qr), compare עָפְרָה 1 and

mont. הַר־ע׳, on N. border of Judah Joshua 15:9.

עֶפְרַ֫יִן

II Chronicles 13:19 Qr see עֶפְרוֹן 2.

עֹפֶרֶת

noun (masc.) ^{Jeremiah 6:29}^{(si vera l. Qr)} lead (√ doubtful; probably foreign word; compare Targum אֲבָרָא lead, Syriac ܐܰܒܳܪܳܐ, and (as Aramaic loan-word) Arabic أَبَار [see Dozy], Frä¹⁵²; perhaps also Assyrian abaru, a metal, magnesite according to Hilpr^{Assyriaca i (1894), 80 ff.} Haupt^{1b. 83});—כִּכַּר ע׳ Zechariah 5:7 a round weight (disc) of lead, אֶבֶן־הָעו׳ v Zechariah 5:5; with other metals (see בְּדִיל): עוֹ׳ Ezekiel 22:18, Ezekiel 22:20; Ezekiel 27:12, הָעֹפָ֑רֶת Numbers 31:22; עֹפ׳ also Job 19:24 (with which chiselled letters are filled according to Dillmann and most; Budde reads בְּע׳ in [a tablet of] lead); also (as flux) Jeremiah 6:29 (reading Qr; so Gf Co; emend. Gie); עוֹ׳ in sim. Exodus 15:10 (song).

עֵץ

see II. עצה.

עֶ֫צֶב

n.[m.] pain, hurt, toil;—

ע׳ pain Genesis 3:16 (of travail), Proverbs 10:22.

hurt (of mind), דְּבַר־ע׳ Proverbs 15:1 a word that hurts (opposite מַעֲנֶה־רַךְ).

toil Proverbs 14:23; plural לֶחֶם הָעֲצָבִים Psalms 127:2 bread of (gained by) toils; with suffix עֲצָבֶיךָ Proverbs 5:10.

עֹ֫צֶב

n.[m.] pain;—ע׳ I Chronicles 4:9 (compare travail); דֶּרֶךְ־ע׳ Psalms 139:24 hurtful way (of any wicked habit; > Targum Gesenius' Thesaurus way of idolatry; ii. עֹצֶב); with suffix עָצְבְּךָ Isaiah 14:3 of the pain of exile.

עֶ֫צֶב²

noun (masc.) vessel (as fashioned);—ע׳ נִבְזֶה וגו׳ Jeremiah 22:28 a vessel despised, etc. (figuratively of Coniah = Jehoiachin).

עֹ֫צֶב²

noun (masc.) idol;—with suffix עָצְבִּי Isaiah 48:5.

עָצָה

verb shut (Ar. (و et ى) غَضَا iv. shut eyes; Ethiopic ዐጸወ shut door);—

participle (בינוני) active עֹצֶה עֵינָיו Proverbs 16:30 he that shuts his eyes (Siegfried-Stade cp. עצּם [Isaiah 29:10], which Gratz reads).

עֵץ²

noun (masc.) Genesis 2: Genesis 9 tree, trees, wood;—ע׳ absolute Genesis 3:3 +, construct Genesis 3:24 +, עֵץ־ Genesis 2:16 +; with suffix עֵצְיךָ Deuteronomy 28:42, etc.; plural עֵצִים Judges 9:8 +, construct עֲצֵי Isaiah 7:2 +, with suffix עֵצֶיךָ Deuteronomy 29:10, עֵצֵינוּ Lamentations 5:4, etc.;—

(c. 150 times)

a standing tree Genesis 18:4, Genesis 18:8 +, Exodus 15:25 (J; of shrub?), Jeremiah 17:18 = Psalms 1:3 (sim.); to be felled Deuteronomy 19:5; II Kings 6:6; הָעֵצִים (appar. incl. vine and bramble) in allegory Judges 9:8 + 6 times Judges 9; עֵץ הַחַיִּים †Genesis 2:9; Genesis 3:22, Genesis 3:24, compare ע׳ חַיִּים, figuratively of source of (life and) happiness †Proverbs 3:18; Proverbs 11:30; Proverbs 13:12; Proverbs 15:4; ע׳ הַדַּעַת טוֹב וָרָע Genesis 2:9, Genesis 2:16; עֲצֵי (ה)יַעַר Isaiah 7:2 (sim.), Isaiah 44:14; Ezekiel 15:2 +; עֲצֵי הַשָּׂדֶה Isaiah 55:12; Ezekiel 17:24 (figuratively), +; עֲצֵי לְבָנוֹן II Chronicles 2:7; עֲצֵי־מַיִם †Ezekiel 31:14; עֲצֵי י׳ †Psalms 104:16; עֲצֵי עֵדֶן †Ezekiel 31:9, Ezekiel 31:16, Ezekiel 31:18^(×2); עֲצֵי לְבוֹנָה Song of Songs 4:14; of vine עֵץ הַגֶּפֶן †Ezekiel 15:2, Ezekiel 15:6; תַּחַת כָּל־עֵץ רַעֲנָ֑ן place of illicit worship †Deuteronomy 12:2; Jeremiah 2:20; Jeremiah 3:6, Jeremiah 3:13; I Kings 14:23; II Kings 16:4; II Kings 17:10; Ezekiel 6:13; Isaiah 57:5; II Chronicles 28:4, compare עַל־עֵץ רַעֲנָן Jeremiah 17:2; כָּל־עֵץ עָבֹת Ezekiel 20:28.

coll. trees, עֵץ־הַגָּן Genesis 2:16; Genesis 3:1, Genesis 3:2, Genesis 3:8 (all J); usually later, ע׳ Genesis 1:12, Genesis 1:29^(×2), +; עֵץ פְּרִי fruit-bearing trees Genesis 1:11, Psalms 148:9, compare Ecclesiastes 2:5, פְּרִי עֵץ Exodus 10:15, Ezekiel 36:30 Leviticus 23:40, compare Joel 2:22; עֵץ־מַאֲכָל Deuteronomy 20:20; Leviticus 19:23, Ezekiel 47:12; Nehemiah 9:25; עֵץ הַזַּיִת Haggai 2:19 olive trees, עֵץ שֶׁמֶן Nehemiah 8:15, עֵץ־שָׁ֑מֶן Isaiah 41:19; סֲבָךְ־עֵץ Psalms 74:5 thicket of trees; עֵץ הַשָּׂדֶה Exodus 9:25, +; עֵץ הַיַּעַר †Ezekiel 15:6, compare Isaiah 10:19; Isaiah 44:23; כִּימֵי הָעֵץ Isaiah 65:22 (sim. of great age).

plural of trees felled for building, I Kings 5:20, I Kings 5:32 (+ אֲבָנִים); עֲצֵי אֲרָזִים II Samuel 5:11 = I Chronicles 14:1 + 7 times; עֲצֵי בְרוֹשׁים I Kings 5:22, I Kings 5:24; I Kings 9:11; (אַלְגּ׳) עֲצֵי אַלְמֻגִּים, see אַלְגּ׳ p. 38 above

(c. 175 times; c. 120 times plural, to denote pieces [or articles] of wood)

wood, as material; for building, II Kings 12:13 (+ אַבְנֵי מַחְצֵב), II Kings 22:6 = II Chronicles 34:11 (both + the same), Nehemiah 2:8 +; עֲצֵי שָׁ֑מֶן I Kings 6:23, I Kings 6:31, I Kings 6:33 compare v II Kings 6:32; עֲצֵי־גֹּפֶר Genesis 6:14 (Noah’s ark), עֲצֵי שִׁטּים Exodus 25:5, Exodus 25:10 + 20 times Ex (of tabern. and its furniture; all P) Deuteronomy 10:3; מִגְדַּל־עֵץ Nehemiah 8:4; מוֹטֹת עֵץ Jeremiah 28:13 (in figuratively; opposite מ׳ בַּרְזֶל); כְּלִי־עֵץ article of wood Leviticus 11:32; Leviticus 15:12 Numbers 31:20, compare Numbers 35:18 (all P). Hence

עֵצִים = articles of wood Exodus 7:19 (P; ‖ אֲבָנִים), I Chronicles 29:2; so עֲצֵי בְרוֹשִׁים II Samuel 6:5 (but see בְּרוֹשׁ ad fin.); specif. הָעֵץ = helve of axe Deuteronomy 19:5; עֵץ חֲנִית(וֹ) I Samuel 17:7 Qr (Kt חֵץ) = I Chronicles 20:5; II Samuel 21:19; II Samuel 23:7; עֲצֵי הָעֲגָלָה I Samuel 6:14 (that is wood of which cart was made), עֲצֵי הָאֲשֵׁרָה Judges 6:26; especially timbers of a house Zechariah 5:4; Habakkuk 2:11; Leviticus 14:45, of a city I Kings 15:22 = II Chronicles 16:5; Ezekiel 26:12; עֵץ of pole on which bodies of slain (criminals and others) were exposed (perhaps orig. tree) Genesis 40:19, Joshua 8:29^(×2); Joshua 10:26^(×2), Joshua 10:27 (all JE), Deuteronomy 21:22, Deuteronomy 21:23; late (in Pers.) used for executing criminals (? by hanging = gallows), תָּלָה עַל־עֵץ Esther 2:23 + 8 times Est.

of idols, עֵץ וָאֶבֶן Deuteronomy 4:28; Deuteronomy 28:36, Deuteronomy 28:64; Deuteronomy 29:16; II Kings 19:18 = Isaiah 37:19; Ezekiel 20:32, compare Jeremiah 2:27; Jeremiah 3:9; Habakkuk 2:19; so עֵץ alone Hosea 4:12; Isaiah 40:20, compare Isaiah 44:19; Isaiah 45:20; אֲשֵׁרָה כָּל־עֵץ Deuteronomy 16:21.

(fire-)wood Joshua 9:23, Joshua 9:27, v Joshua 9:21, Deuteronomy 19:5; Isaiah 30:33 +, read עֵצִים also Ezekiel 24:5 (for Masoretic Text עצמים Böttcher Ewald Smend Co Berthol Toy; especially for sacrifices I Kings 18:23^(×2) +, Genesis 22:7, Genesis 22:9^(×2) Leviticus 1:7 + 6 times Lv (all P), II Samuel 24:22 ‖ I Chronicles 21:23, +; עֲצֵי עוֹלָה Genesis 22:3, Genesis 22:6.

עֵץ (הָ)אֶרֶז cedar-wood, used in purifications Leviticus 14:4, Leviticus 14:6, Leviticus 14:49, Leviticus 14:51, Leviticus 14:52; Numbers 19:6 (all P).

פִּשְׁתֵּי הָעֵץ Joshua 2:6 woody-flax, that is flax on the stalk.—Jeremiah 10:8 Gie proposes הֶבֶל מֹעֲצֹתָו for Masoretic Text הֲבָלִים עֵץ הוּא.—מֹאֶסֶת כָּל־עֵץ Ezekiel 21:15 is doubtful, Smend proposes מָאַסְתָּ כָל־עֵץ, Co מֹאֲסֵי כָל־עֹוֹ, Berthol וּמְאַסֵּף כָּל־עַז; Siegf^Kau Toy leave untranslated.

עֵצָה²

noun (fem.)coll. trees Jeremiah 6:6, but read עֵצָהּ (עֵץ c. with suffix 3rd feminine singular), so Orient. Codd. Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate Targum Hitzig Gf—1. עֵצָה see under יָעַץ.

עָצֵל

verb

be sluggish (Mishnaic Hebrew in der. species, and deriv.; compare Arabic عَظِلَ iii. stick fast in coitu, Lane²⁰⁸⁶; Syriac ܥܛܶܠ be stupid);—future (עתיד) 2nd masculine plural אַל־תֵּעָֽצְלוּ לָלֶכֶת Judges 18:9 be not sluggish in going.

עָצֵל²

adjective sluggish, lazy;—always ע׳ absolute;—אִישׁ־ע׳ Proverbs 24:30; elsewhere noun sluggard Proverbs 6:6, Proverbs 6:9 + 10 times Pr + הֶע׳ Proverbs 10:26.

עַצְלָה

noun (fem.) sluggishness;—ע׳ Proverbs 19:15; dual intens. עֲצַלְתַּיִם Ecclesiastes 10:18 double (that is great) sluggishness (so Gesenius' Thesaurus De al.; read then perhaps עַצְלָתַיִם; > from עָצֵל a sluggish pair, that is hands Ewald al.), but improb.; ‖ שִׁפְלוּת יָדַיִם, whence Bi conjunction עַצְלוּת, Siegf עַצְלַת יָדַיִם.

עַצְלוּת

noun (fem.) the same;—לֶחֶם ע׳ Proverbs 31:27.

עָצְמָה

noun (fem.) might;—Isaiah 40:29 (‖ כֹּחַ) Isaiah 47:9; Nahum 3:9.

עֶ֫צֶם

noun (fem.) Psalms 35:10; Job 19:20 (c. pron. masculine Ezekiel 37:5, Ezekiel 37:6 etc., compare Albr.^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 73}) bone, substance, self;—absolute ע׳ Genesis 2:23 +; עָ֑צֶם Proverbs 15:30; Proverbs 16:24; construct עֶצֶם Exodus 24:10 +; with suffix עַצְמִי Job 19:20 +, etc.; plural עֲצָמוֹת II Kings 23:16 +; construct עַצְמוֹת Joshua 24:22 +; with suffix עַצְמֹתַי Job 4:14 +, etc.; also עֲצָמִים Ezekiel 24:4 +, with suffix עֲצָמַי Genesis 2:23 +, etc.;—

bone:

of living person Micah 3:2, Micah 3:3 (hyperb.), Job 10:11; Job 19:20 Lamentations 4:8 Psalms 102:6; Ecclesiastes 11:5 +; figuratively of close relationship †עֶצֶם מֵעֲצָמַי Genesis 2:23, compare Genesis 29:14 (both J), Judges 9:2; II Samuel 5:1 = I Chronicles 11:1; II Samuel 19:13, II Samuel 19:14 (all + בָּשָׂר).

ע׳ + בָּשָׂר = body, Job 2:5; plural = bodily frame Jeremiah 20:9 (sim.), limbs, members, לַעֲצָמֶיהָ Judges 19:29 that is limb by limb (GFM); as seat of vigour Job 20:11, etc.

(poet.) as seat of disease and pain Job 30:17, Job 30:30 and (especially of personif. Isr.) Psalms 22:15; Psalms 31:11; Psalms 102:4; Lamentations 1:13; Habakkuk 3:16 +.

plural as representing entire person = one’s whole being, (especially of personif. Isr.) Psalms 6:3 (‖ נֶפֶשׁ v Psalms 6:4), Psalms 35:10 (‖ נֶפֶשׁ v Psalms 35:9), Isaiah 66:14; of individ. (incl. physical and moral) Proverbs 3:8; Proverbs 14:30; Proverbs 15:30; Proverbs 16:24.

singular = external body Lamentations 4:7 Ewald Th al., but doubtful; Bi Budde bones (= branches) of coral (פְּנִינִים); Löhr עוֹרָם their skin. f. especially of dead Numbers 19:16, Numbers 19:18, Ezekiel 37:1 +; often (plural) = remains Amos 6:10; Genesis 50:25; Exodus 13:19^(×2); Joshua 24:32 (all E) II Samuel 21:12, II Samuel 21:13 +.

bone of animal Exodus 12:46 Numbers 9:12 (both P); Ezekiel 24:4, Ezekiel 24:5 (symbol.); of (living) hippopot. Job 40:18.

singular substance, self (compare גֶּרֶם 3): כְּע׳ הַשָּׁמַיִם Exodus 24:10, like the substance of the sky = the sky itself; בְּע׳ תֻּמּוֹ Job 21:23 that is full prosperity; especially אֶת־ע׳ הַיוֹם הַזֶּה Ezekiel 24:2 this selfsame day, בְּע׳ וגו׳ Ezekiel 24:2; Ezekiel 40:1; Genesis 7:13; Genesis 17:23, Genesis 17:26; Exodus 12:17, Exodus 12:41, Exodus 12:51; Leviticus 23:21, Leviticus 23:28, Leviticus 23:29, Leviticus 23:30 Deuteronomy 32:48; Joshua 5:11 (all P) Ezekiel 40:1, עַד־ע׳ וגו׳ Ezekiel 2:3; Leviticus 23:14, Joshua 10:27.—Ezekiel 24:5 read הָעֵצִים (Böttcher Ewald al.); v Ezekiel 24:10 del. הָעֲצָמוֹת (Co Toy); Job 7:15 read מֵעַצְּבוֹתָ֑י (Reiske Me Budde Duhm al.); Psalms 53:6 read perhaps מֵעֲצַת (compare ‖ Psalms 14:6 Bae; see Hup Cheyne al.); Psalms 69:5 read מֵעַצְמוֹתַי (for Masoretic Text מַצְמִיתַי), Peshitta Olshausen Cheyne Bae al.

עֶ֫צֶם²

n.pr.location Ασομ, etc., in Negeb of Judah, עָ֑צֶם Joshua 15:29, Simeon Joshua 19:3 I Chronicles 4:29 (עֶצֶם).

עָצוּם

31 adjective mighty, numerous;—ע׳ Genesis 18:18 +, plural עֲצוּמִים Isaiah 8:7 +, עֲצֻמִים Micah 4:3 +; with suffix עֲצוּמָין Psalms 10:Psalms 10;—

mighty, especially of people, strong in numbers (often ‖ רַב, גָּדוֹל) Genesis 18:18; Exodus 1:9; Numbers 14:12; Numbers 22:6 JE; Deuteronomy 4:38 + 6 times D, Micah 4:3, Micah 4:7 Zechariah 8:22; Isaiah 60:22 (opposite צָעִיר), of locusts Joel 1:6; Joel 2:2, Joel 2:5, compare v Joel 2:11; so of חַיִל Daniel 11:25; עַם לֹא עָצוּם, that is feeble Proverbs 30:26 (of the שָׁפָן); less often of individ. מְלָכִים ע׳ Psalms 135:10; of waters Isaiah 8:7; ע׳ alone Proverbs 18:18 the mighty, Daniel 8:24; Psalms 10:10 his mighty ones (that is claws, of lion).

numerous, countless (all ‖ רַב): Amos 5:12 Psalms 35:18; as noun = many Isaiah 53:12; Proverbs 7:26.

עָצַר

verb restrain, retain (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; compare probably Assyrian eṣêru, retain, restrain, Delitzsch^{HWB 122} Jäger^{BAS i.483} Zehnpfund^ib.500* compare Assyrian uṣurtu, taboo SAC^{JA, 1904, 754}.; Ethiopic ዐጸረ: press, Arabic عَصَرَ; Targum עֲצַר, Syriac ܥܨܰܪ the same);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ע׳ Genesis 20:18 +, with suffix עֲצָרַנִי Genesis 16:2; 1st singular עָצַרְתִּי Daniel 10:8, Daniel 10:16, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַעְצֹר I Samuel 9:17 +, יַעְצָר־ II Chronicles 2:5; with suffix יַעֲצָרְכָה I Kings 18:44, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute עָצֹר Genesis 20:18, construct לַעְצֹר II Chronicles 22:9, וַעְצֹר Job 4:2 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 28 b); participle (בינוני) passive עָצוּר Jeremiah 33:1 +, etc.;—

restrain, with a direct object person Genesis 16:2 (J; + מִן, that is prevent), עָצֹר עָצַר בְּעַד כָּל־רֶחֶם Genesis 20:18, compare absolute Isaiah 66:9 (opposite מוֹלִיד); followed by inf. II Kings 4:24; with a direct object person alone I Kings 18:44 hinder, stop; with a direct object of sky (hindering rain) Deuteronomy 11:17; II Chronicles 7:13; pt. passive absolute shut up, or hindered (for reasons not given) Jeremiah 36:5; Nehemiah 6:10 (? by a vow, or by ceremonial uncleanness, compare Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 436 f., 2nd ed. 455 f.}); = shut up (c. ב, in prison) II Kings 17:4, pt. passive Jeremiah 33:1; Jeremiah 39:15, figuratively Jeremiah 20:9; on עָצוּר וְעָזוּב (5 times), see I. עזב; עֲצֻרָה לָנוּ I Samuel 21:6 women have been kept away with ref. to us (compare Robertson Smith^l.c.); עָצוּר מִפְּנֵי I Chronicles 12:1 kept away from before Saul; = detain, with a direct object Judges 13:15, Judges 13:16; in Jb c. בְּ, ע׳ בְּמִלִּין Job 4:2, compare Job 29:9, so בַּמַּיִם Job 12:15; ע׳ בְּעַמִּי I Samuel 9:17 is rule over, etc. (si vera l.); ins. also (with other words) I Samuel 10:1 Septuagint Wellhausen Driver al.

(late) retain, with a direct object כֹּחַ II Chronicles 13:20; II Chronicles 22:9 Daniel 10:8, Daniel 10:16; Daniel 11:6; + inf. = be able to I Chronicles 29:14 II Chronicles 2:5; om. כֹּחַ II Chronicles 14:10 (+ עִמְּךָ), II Chronicles 20:37 (+ inf.).

be restrained, stayed, of plague: past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular נֶעֱצָ֑רָה Numbers 17:15; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תֵּעָצַר II Samuel 24:21 = I Chronicles 21:22, וַתֵּעָצַר Numbers 17:13; Numbers 25:8 II Samuel 24:25 Psalms 106:30; be shut up (of sky), infinitive (מקור) construct בְּהֵעָצֵר I Kings 8:35 = II Chronicles 6:26; be under restraint or detention participle (בינוני) נֶעְצָר I Samuel 21:8 + לִפְנֵי י׳ (? that is kept by a vow, compare HPS and Nehemiah 6:10 above).

עֶ֫צֶר

n.[m.] restraint (?), only יוֹרֵשׁ ע׳ Judges 18:7 a possessor of restraint, that is ruler, but Septuagint Vulgate wealth, so Gesenius' Thesaurus al., text very doubtful, compare GFM; Budde conjunction that ע׳ combines readings אֹצָר and עֹשֶׁר.

עֹ֫צֶר

n.[m.] restraint, coercion;—ע׳ absolute: מֵע׳ וּמִמִּשְׁפָּט Isaiah 53:8 from (as a result of) coercion and judgment he was taken off; construct ע׳ רָעָה Psalms 107:39; ע׳ רָ֑חַם Proverbs 30:16 restraint of womb, barrenness (so Psalms 107:39 Perles^{Anal. 85}).

עֲצָרָה

noun (fem.) assembly (?as confined, held in);—absolute עֲצָרָה Isaiah 1:13 + 2 times; עֲצֶ֫רֶת Deuteronomy 16:8 + 3 times, עֲצָ֑רֶת II Chronicles 7:9; construct עֲצֶ֫רֶת Jeremiah 9:1; plural with suffix עַצְרֹתֵיכֶם Amos 5:21;—

sacred assembly, rejected by י׳, Isaiah 1:13 and (at Bethel, etc.) Amos 5:21; for Baal II Kings 10:20; Deuteronomy 16:8 (last day of Maṣṣoth), Leviticus 23:36, Numbers 29:35, Nehemiah 8:18 (all of day after feast of booths), compare II Chronicles 7:9 [Mishnaic Hebrew of feast of weeks, Targum עֲצַרְתָּא Jos^{Ant. iii. 10, 6} Ἀσάρτα]; occasional, Joel 1:14; Joel 2:15.

assemblage, company (in generally), ע׳ בֹּגְדִים Jeremiah 9:1 an assemblage of deceivers (Gratz עֲדַת; Cheyne חֶבְרַת).

עָקֵב

noun (masc.) heel, footprint, hinderpart (Arabic عَقِبٌ heel, figuratively end (of a month), عِقْبَةٌ mark, sign, trace; Aramaic עִקְבָּא, ܥܩܶܒ heel, footprint, figuratively trace, mark (compare Wsd 2:4 Peshitta, Ecclus 13:26 ℌ Peshitta), also end, extremity);—ע׳ absolute Genesis 3:15 +, construct עֲקֵב Genesis 25:26, plural construct עִקְבֵי Song of Songs 1:8, עִקְּבֵי Genesis 49:17; Judges 5:22, עִקְּבוֹת Psalms 77:20; Psalms 89:52, etc.;—

heel, of man, Genesis 25:26 וְיָדוֹ אֹחֶזֶת בַּעֲקֵב אָחִיו, as obj. of attack from behind, Genesis 3:15 וְאַתָּה תְּשׁוּפֶנּוּ עָקֵב, Job 18:9 יֹאחֵז בְּע׳ פַּח, Jeremiah 13:22 נֶחְמְסוּ עֲקֵבָ֑יִךְ are treated violently, that is are rudely exposed (‖ נִגְלוּ שׁוּלַיִךְ); as instrument of attack, Psalms 41:10 הִגְדִּיל עָלַי עָ׳ hath made great the heel against me, that is given me insidiously great fall (figuratively for, taken some cruel advantage of me; compare ὑποσκελίζω); of an animal, Genesis 49:17 הַנּשֵׁךְ עִקְּבֵי סוּס, Judges 5:22.

mark of heel, footprint, Song of Songs 1:8) צְאִי־לָךְ בְּעִקְבֵי הַצֹּאן, Psalms 56:7 יִשְׁמְרוּ עַקִבַי they mark my footprints, that is watch me insidiously wherever I go, Psalms 89:52 אֲשֶׁר חֵֽרְפוּ עִקְּבוֹת מְשִׁיחֶ֑ךָ that is followed him mockingly, of י׳ (figuratively) Psalms 77:20 עִקְּבוֹתֶיךָ לֹא נוֹדָ֑עו thy footprints were not known (the waters closing over them).

hinder-part, rear (of a troop of men), Genesis 49:Genesis 19 וְהוּא יָגוּד עָקֵב׃ (read עֲקִבָם׃ אָשֵׁר) he will troop on their rear, Joshua 8:13 עֲקֵבוֹ (compare Dillmann).

עָקַב

verb follow at the heel, figuratively assail insidiously, circumvent, overreach (denom. from עָקֵ; compare Arabic عَقَبَ follow (at the heel), succeed, iii. bring consequence on, that is punish, Qor 22:59, iv. make to follow, that is reward or punish, عَاقِبَةٌ end, final lot 6:11, reward 6:136; ܥܩܰܒ hold back (rare), follow, Pa. investigate, search out: Ethiopic ዐቀበ is keep, guard);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular Hosea 12:4 בַּבֶּטֶן עָקַב אֶת־אָחִיו he attacked his brother at the heel (compare Genesis 25:26 sub עָקֵב); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular Genesis 27:36 הֲכִי קָרָא שְׁמוֹ יַעֲקֹב וַיַּעְקְבֵנִי זֶה פַעֲמַיִם and he hath overreached me now twice; + infinitive (מקור) absolute Jeremiah 9:3 כָּל־אָח עָקוֹב יַעֲקֹב surely overreacheth (‖ רָכִיל יַהֲלֹךְ). [Septuagint πτερνίζω, to attack with the heel; but this doubtful In ‘supplant,’ also, the figuratively is a different one.]

Job 37:4 וְלֹא יְעַקְּבֵם, doubtful; poss. attack at the heel (compare זִנֵּב), hence figuratively hold back; more probably read וְלֹא יְעַכְּבֵם holdeth them not back (sc. בְּרָקָיו his lightnings), when his voice is heard, from עִכֵּב to hold back (common in Mishnaic Hebrew; Targum עַכֵּב).

עָקֵב²

adjective verb. overreacher, Psalms 49:6 עֲוֹן עֲקֵבַי יְסֻבֵנִי that is of those who would take some insidious advantage of me.

עָקֹב

adjective

insidious, deceitful, Jeremiah 17:9 עָקֹב הַלֵּב מִכֹּל.

foot-tracked (denom. from i. עָקֵב) Hosea 6:8 גִּלְעָד קִרְיַת פֹּעֲלֵי אָוֶן עֲקֻבָּה מִדָּם.

עָקֹב²

adjective steep, hilly (see √; compare عَقَبَةٌ difficult mountain path, Qor 90:11; ዐቀብ hill);—Isaiah 40:4 והיה הֶעָקֹב לְמִישׁוֹר let the steep ground (Ch) become a plain (‖ הָֽרְכָסִים). Cf. Ecclus 6:20.

עֵ֫קֶב

n.[m.] consequence, usually as adverbdirect object as a consequence of, because (that), also reward, end (see sub עָקַב; and compare عَقِبٌ heel, figuratively consequence, result);—

Isaiah 5:23 מַצְדִּיקֵי רָשָׁע עֵקֶב שֹׁחַד (adverb direct object) in consequence of a bribe, Psalms 40:16 (= Psalms 70:4) עַל עֵקֶב בָּשְׁתָּם (pleonastically) according to the consequence of their shame, that is in consequence of the disgrace falling upon them. Hence as conjunction עֵקֶב אֲשֶׁר as a consequence of (the fact) that, because, Genesis 22:18 ע׳ אֲשֶׁר שָׁמַעְתָּ בְּקֹלִי, Genesis 26:5 II Samuel 12:6; so עֵקֶב כִּי II Samuel 12:10; Amos 4:12 ע׳ כִּי זאת אעשׂה לך; עֵקֶב alone, Numbers 14:24, and (followed by impf.) Deuteronomy 7:12 ע׳ תשׁמעון in consequence of your hearkening, etc., Deuteronomy 8:20.

consequence = gain, reward, Psalms 19:12 בְּשָׁמְרָם עֵקֶב רָב, Proverbs 22:4 עֵקֶב עֲנָוָה (וְ)יִרְאַת י׳ עשֶׁר וגו׳.

end (of time), adverb direct object, Psalms 119:33 וְאֶצֳּרֶנָּה ע׳ to the end, v Psalms 119:112 לְעוֹלָם ע׳ (compare Ecclus Psalms 16:3; Targum עִקְבָּא (rare)).

עַקּוּב

n.pr.m. SeptuagintB usually (Ι)ακουν[μ], A Septuagint L Ακ(κ)ουβ:—

descendant of David I Chronicles 3:24.

heads of post-exilic families:

Ezra 2:43 = Nehemiah 7:44.

Ezra 2:45 (si vera l.).

Levites:

I Chronicles 9:17.

Nehemiah 11:19; Nehemiah 12:25.

עָקֹד

adjective striped, streaked;—of Jacob’s goats and sheep; as noun ע׳ Genesis 30:40 (coll.), plural עֲקֻדִּים Genesis 31:8^(×2); plural as attrib. Genesis 30:35, Genesis 30:39, pred. Genesis 31:10, Genesis 31:12.

עֲקַלָּתוֹן

adjective crooked (according to Smend^{journal ZAW iv. 213} constellation Draco);—לִוְיָתָן נָחָשׁ ע׳ Isaiah 27:1.

עָקַר

verb denom. pluck or root up;—

infinitive (מקור) construct לַעֲקוֹר with a direct object Ecclesiastes 3:2 (opposite נָטַע).

future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular עֶקְרוֹן תֵּעָקֵר Zephaniah 2:4 (word-play).

עָקָר

adjective barren;—ע׳ of male Deuteronomy 7:14, עֲקָרָה of female v Deuteronomy 7:14 (mankind and beasts), Exodus 23:26 (E; female); elsewhere of women Genesis 11:30; Genesis 25:21; Genesis 29:31 (all J), Judges 13:2, Judges 13:3; I Samuel 2:5; Job 24:21 Psalms 113:9 (עֲקֶרֶת construct); of personif. Zion Isaiah 54:1.

עֶקְרוֹן

n.pr.location Eḳrȏn, Ακκαρων (in Assyrian Amḳarruna COT^Gloss., Delitzsch^{Pa 289} who proposes עַקָּרוֹן);—Philistine city, one of the famous five, Amos 1:8; Joshua 13:3 + 4 times Jos, Judges 1:8 I Samuel 10^(×2) + 5 times 1 S; II Kings 1:2, II Kings 1:3, II Kings 1:6, II Kings 1:16; Jeremiah 25:20; Zephaniah 2:4; Zechariah 9:5, Zechariah 9:7; mod. ʿÁkir Rob^{BR i. 227 ff.} GASm^{Geogr. 193} Buhl^{Geogr. 187 f.}

עִקֵּשׁ

adjective twisted, perverted;—absolute דּוֹד ע׳ וּפְתַלְתֹּל Deuteronomy 32:5 a generation twisted and crooked, לֵבָב ע׳ Psalms 101:4; as noun (masc.) (of one devious in life) the perverted II Samuel 22:27 = Psalms 18:27, Proverbs 22:5, of things Proverbs 8:8; construct ע׳ דְּרָכַיִם Proverbs 28:6, ע׳ שְׂפָתָיו Proverbs 19:1, עִקֶּשׁ־לֵב Proverbs 17:20; plural אָרְחֹתֵיהֶם עִקְּשִׁים Proverbs 2:15 whose ways are twisted; construct עִקְּשֵׁי־לֵב Proverbs 11:20.

עִקֵּשׁ²

n.pr.m. a Tekoan II Samuel 23:26 = I Chronicles 11:28; I Chronicles 27:9; Εισκα, Εκκις, etc.

עִקְּשׁוּת

noun (fem.) crookedness:—construct ע׳ פֶּה crookedness of mouth Proverbs 4:24; Proverbs 6:12 (compare עִקֵּשׁ Proverbs 19:1).

עָר

n.pr.location in Moab, S. of Arnon (Ηρ Numbers 21:15, elsewhere chiefly Αροηρ);—ע׳ Numbers 21:15; Deuteronomy 2:9, Deuteronomy 2:18, Deuteronomy 2:29; עָר מוֹאָך Numbers 21:28; Isaiah 15:1;—usually interpreted as capital city (עָר = עִיר) of Moab (DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 398} cp. Sab. ער fortified height, compare Mordtm^{Him. Inschr. 29} Hal^{Et.Sab. 159}, so Arabic ٱلْعُرُّ, dial. of Yemen); Buhl^{Geogr. 269 f.} thinks name of district S. of Arnon.

עָר²

noun (masc.) only 2 times: עָרֶ֑ךָ I Samuel 28:16 (see Driver); read צָרֶ֑ךָ thine adversary Klostermann HPS (al. as altern. with following) >עִם רֵעֶ֑ךָ Septuagint Peshitta Targum Th Budde Kittel (?) al.; עָרֶיךָ Psalms 139:20 is very doubtful; Hup עָלֶיךָ, Olshausen Cheyne al. שְׁמֶ֑ךָ; Bae leaves untranslated.

עֵר²

see I. עוּר.

עֵ֫רֶב

noun (masc.) Exodus 12, Exodus 38 mixture, mixed company;—heterogeneous body attached to a people; to Israel Exodus 12:38, Nehemiah 13:3; to Egyptians Jeremiah 25:20 (Vulgate joins to v Jeremiah 25:19, so Gie); to Chaldeans Jeremiah 50:37; in Jeremiah 25:24 del. וְאֵת … הָעֶרֶב as doublet (so Gie, compare Septuagint); in I Kings 10:15 read עֲרָב (as ‖ II Chronicles 9:14, so Benz Kittel al.); Ezekiel 30:5 read probably the same (Co).

עֵ֫רֶב²

n.[m.] woof (as mixed, interwoven, with warp);—Leviticus 13:48 + 8 times Leviticus 13:13 (all opposite שְׁתִי warp), compare GFM^{PAOS 1889, clxxviii}.

עָרֹב

noun (masc.) Exodus 8, Exodus 20; probably swarm (mixture, from incessant, involved motion; Lagarde^{BN 112} doubts);—of plague of stinging flies, coming in a swarm (see Dillmann ^Ex) Exodus 8:17^(×2) + 5 times 8, Psalms 78:45; Psalms 105:31.

עָרַב

verb take on pledge, give in pledge, exchange (Mishnaic Hebrew go surety for (rare); Phoenician ערב surety; Old Aramaic ערבא pledge; Targum עֲרַב, Syriac ܥܪܰܒ, go surety for; usually identified with I. ערב—mix, exchange, pledge—but quite uncertain; compare Buhl^Lex Lagarde^{BN 203});—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ע׳ Genesis 44:32 + 4 times; 2nd masculine singular עָרַבְתָּ Proverbs 6:1; future (עתיד) 1st singular with suffix אֶעֶרְבֶנּוּ Genesis 43:9; imperative (ציווי) עֲרֹב Psalms 119:122, with suffix עָרְבֵנִי Isaiah 38:14, so Job 17:3 (but see below); infinitive (מקור) construct לַעֲרֹב Ezekiel 27:9; participle (בינוני) עֹרֵב Proverbs 17:18, etc.;—

with a direct object person take on pledge, that is go surety for the safety of, Genesis 43:9, Genesis 44:32 (J; + מֵעִם person); for the debts of Proverbs 11:15; Proverbs 20:16; Proverbs 27:13; of God Isaiah 38;Isaiah 14 go surety for me, Psalms 119:122, so Job 17:3 (si vera l., see עֵרָבוֹן); direct object person om., ע׳ לֵ Proverbs 6:1 go surety to one (in behalf of another, ‖ תָּקַּע לַזָּר כַּפֶּ֑יךָ); with a direct object rei Proverbs 22:26 (‖ תֹּקְעֵי־כָ֑ף.

give in pledge, with a direct object rei Nehemiah 5:3 (that is mortgage), figuratively ע׳ אֶת־לִבּוֹ Jeremiah 30:21 so ע׳ עֲרֻבָּה לִפְנֵי רֵעֵהוּ Proverbs 17:18 (‖ תֹּקֵעַ כָּ֑ף).

exchange (in trade), with a direct object cogn. מַעֲרָבֵךְ Ezekiel 27:9, Ezekiel 27:27.

recipr.: imperative (ציווי) הִתְעָ֫רֶב נָא אֶת־אֲדֹנִי II Kings 18:23 exchange pledges (make a bargain) with my lord = Isaiah 36:8.

have fellowship with, בְּ person, past (עבר) 3rd plural הִתְעָֽרְבוּ Ezra 9:2; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural וַיִּתְעָֽרְבוּ Psalms 106:35; 2nd masculine singular תִּתְעָרָ֑ב c. לְ person Proverbs 20:19, c. עִם person Proverbs 24:21.

share in, בְּ rei, 3rd masculine singular יִתְעָרַב Proverbs 14:10 in his joy no other shares.

עֲרֻבָּה

noun (fem.) thing exchanged, pledge, token;—with suffix עֲרֻבָּתָם I Samuel 17:18 = a token from them, that is response, token of welfare, Th Driver al.; absolute as direct object cogn. עָרַב ע׳ Proverbs 17:18 give a pledge.

עֵרָבוֹן

n.[m.] pledge;—נָתַן ע׳ give a pledge Genesis 38:17, Genesis 38:18, לָקַח ע׳ v Genesis 38:20 (all J), receive (back) a pledge (when condition is fulfilled).—Job 17:3 read perhaps עֶרְבֹנִי (for Masoretic Text עָרְבֵנִי), as obj. of שִׂימָה set my pledge (a surety for me), so Beer Budde al.

עָרַב²

verb be sweet, pleasing (Mishnaic Hebrew the same (rare); Hiph. future (עתיד) יעריבו Ecclus 40:21; Targum עָרִיב adjective pleasant, sweet);—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular עָֽרְבָה Jeremiah 31:26 my sleep was sweet to me (לִי), וְע׳ שְׁנָתֶ֑ךָ consec. Proverbs 3:24; of offering לֹא ע׳ לי׳ Malachi 3:4; 2nd feminine singular עָרַבְתְּ Ezekiel 16:37 c. עַל person, to whom thou wast pleasing; 3rd plural לֹא עָֽרְבוּ לִי Jeremiah 6:20 (of sacrif.); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יֶעֱרַב עָלָיו שִׂיחִי Psalms 104:34 let my meditation be pleasing unto him! 3rd feminine singular תֶּעֱרַב לְ Proverbs 13:19 (of realized wish); 3rd masculine plural לֹא יֶעֶרְבוּ לוֹ Hosea 9:4 (of sacrifice; but Kue Cheyne Wellhausen GASm Nowack read יַעַרְכוּ).

עָרֵב

adjective sweet, pleasant;—ע׳ לָאִישׁ לֶחֶם שָׁ֑קֶר Proverbs 20:17; קוֹלֵךְ ע׳ Song of Songs 2:14.

עֲרַב

n.[m.] desert-plateau, steppe (compare Cheyne^{Intr. Is. 129});—בַּעֲרָ֑ב בַּעֲרַב (si vera l.) Isaiah 21:13^(×2) in the steppe (of what we know as N. Arabia); but in v^b Vrss Lo Cheyne Guthe^Kau al. בָּעֶרֶב in the evening.

עֲרָבִי

n.gent. of foregoing, steppe-dweller;—Isaiah 13:20; כַּעֲרֶבִי בַּמִּדְבָּר֑ Jeremiah 3:2.

עֲרָב

n.pr.gent.coll. steppe-dwellers of N. Arabia (Wetzstein^{Zvölkerpsych. vii. 463 f.}; extended later (so Herod. ^ii.11 etc.) to whole peninsula, compare Arabic العَرَبُ the Arabs, Bedúwy the people, Doughty^{Arabic Deserta, i. 224}; Sab. ערבן, ערב, אערב CIS ^{iv. p. 123}, Assyrian Aribu, Arubu, Arabi, people in N. Arabia, Delitzsch^{Pa 295 f. 304 f.} COT Jeremiah 25:24; also Urbi Delitzsch^{Pa 305 f.} of nomad ‘Arab’ tribes);—מַלְכֵי ע׳ הַשּׁסֹכְנִים בַּמִּדְבָּר Jeremiah 25:24 (see i. עֵרֶב), II Chronicles 9:14 + ‖ I Kings 10:15 (see the same); ע׳ also Ezekiel 27:21 + Ezekiel 30:5 (see the same); see especially Noldeke^Arabia in Ency. Bib.

עַרְבִי

adjectivegent. Arabian (in strictly ethnographic sense, Noldeke^l.c.);—הָע׳ as noun Nehemiah 2:19 Geshem the Arabian, so Nehemiah 6:1; plural הָעַרְבִים Nehemiah 4:1 II Chronicles 21:16; II Chronicles 22:1; also (written as Mishnaic Hebrew) הערביים II Chronicles 26:7 (Qr הָעַרְבִים), and even הָעַרְבִיאִים II Chronicles 17:11.

עֲרָבָה

noun (fem.) desert-plain, steppe; absolute ע׳ II Samuel 4:7 +, with suffix עַרְבָתָהּ Isaiah 51:3; plural עֲרָבוֹת Jeremiah 5:6 Psalms 68:5, construct עַרְבוֹת II Kings 25:5 +, עַרְבֹת Jeremiah 52:8;—

earliest use:

arid steppe W. of Dead Sea (in S. Judah) I Samuel 23:24, also Ezekiel 47:8; Isaiah 51:3, whence name יָם הָע׳ Joshua 3:6 (JE ‖ יָם הַמֶּלַח), also II Kings 14:25; Deuteronomy 4:29, and (‖ the same) Deuteronomy 3:17 Joshua 12:3; נַחַל הָעֲרָבָה Amos 6:14 must be E. of Dead Sea, si vera l., but read probably נ׳ מִצְרַיִם see נַחַל.

Jordan-valley W. of river + adjacent plain; near ford (opposite Jericho) II Samuel 2:29, compare Joshua 8:14; also Deuteronomy 11:30; II Kings 25:4 = Jeremiah 39:4 = Jeremiah 52:7;—II Samuel 15:28; II Samuel 17:16 see עֲבָרָה.

Jordan-valley E. of river II Samuel 4:7.

in D: and especially of E. Jordan plain Deuteronomy 1:1 (probably) Joshua 12:1, Joshua 12:3, E. half of Jordan-valley Deuteronomy 3:17; Deuteronomy 4:49; of entire Jordan-valley (between כִּנֶּרֶת and Dead Sea, mod. El-Ghôr, the Depression) Deuteronomy 1:7; Joshua 11:2, Joshua 11:16; W. Jordan plain only Joshua 12:8; depression S. of Dead Sea (mod. Wady el-ʿArabah) Deuteronomy 2:8.

in P always plural construct עַרְבוֹת מוֹאָב (E. Jordan) Numbers 22:1 + 11 times (see מוֹאָב); ע׳ יְרֵחוֹ (W. Jordan) Joshua 4:13; Joshua 5:10, also II Kings 25:5 = Jeremiah 39:5 = Jeremiah 52:8.

appar. N. Arabian desert Isaiah 40:3; Isaiah 41:19.

in generally the steppe (often ‖ מִדְבָּר), Jeremiah 17:6; Jeremiah 50:12 Isaiah 33:9; Isaiah 35:1, Isaiah 35:6; Job 24:5; Job 39:6 Psalms 68:5; זְאֵב עֲרָבוֹת Jeremiah 5:6 (figuratively of invader); compare description of Exodus אֶרֶץ עֲרָבָה וְשׁוּחָה Jeremiah 2:6; in sim., of a plain, of future land of Judah Zechariah 14:10.—Vid. Driver Deuteronomy 1:1 ^{and reff.} Buhl^{Geogr. 111}.

עֶ֫רֶב

n.[m. I Samuel 20:5 del. הַשְּׁלִישִׁית see Wellhausen Driver al.] (sun)set, evening;—absolute ע׳ II Kings 2:16 +, עָ֑רֶב Exodus 12:18 +; construct עֶרֶב Proverbs 7:9; dual עַרְבַּיִם Exodus 30:8 + 4 times, -בָּ֑יִם Exodus 12:6 + 5 times (all P);—

evening, orig. sunset, and hence perhaps לְעֵת ע׳ at the time of sunset †Genesis 8:11, Genesis 24:11 (J; ‖ לְעֵת צֵאת הַשֹּׁאֲבֹת), II Samuel 11:2 Isaiah 17:14 and (of the day of י׳) Zechariah 14:7, עֵת הָע׳ Joshua 8:29†; usually ע׳ alone = time of sunset, evening: בָּע׳ in the evening Genesis 19:1, Genesis 29:23, Exodus 12:18, Deuteronomy 16:6 (+ כְּבוֹא שֶׁמֶשׁ), I Kings 22:35 (compare ‖ II Chronicles 18:34 where + לְעֵת בּוֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ) + 20 times + בָּע(־)בָּע׳ II Chronicles 13:11^(×2) = every evening; לָע׳ at evening only late: †I Chronicles 16:40; I Chronicles 23:30; II Chronicles 2:3; Ezra 3:3 Psalms 59:7, Psalms 59:1R; Psalms 90:6; Ecclesiastes 11:6†; לִפְנוֹת ע׳ at the turn of evening †Genesis 24:63, Deuteronomy 23:12; ע׳ as adverb direct object Exodus 16:6, Psalms 55:18; as marking duration of impurity, in phr. עַד־הָע׳ Leviticus 11:24 + 30 times P + Leviticus 22:6; of Day of Atonement מֵע׳ עַד־ע׳ Leviticus 23:32.

dual in phrase (only P) בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם between the two evenings, that is probably between sunset and dark (see Gesenius' Thesaurus [various views fully given]; otherwise Dillmann Exodus 12:6; on form as poss. only expanded plural see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 88 c), †Exodus 12:6; Exodus 16:12; Exodus 29:39, Exodus 29:41; Exodus 30:8; Leviticus 23:5; Numbers 9:3, Numbers 9:5, Numbers 9:11; Numbers 28:4, Numbers 28:8†.

other phrases are: צִלְלֵי ע׳ Jeremiah 6:4 (dist. from צָהֳרָ֑יִם and לָ֑יְלָה v Jeremiah 6:5), מִנְחַת (הָ)ע׳ †II Kings 16:15; Ezra 9:4, Ezra 9:5 Psalms 141:2 Daniel 9:21†; זְאֵבֵי ע׳ see 1. זְאֵב; for all combin. with בֹּקֶר morning, see ב׳ 1 d, e.

(late poet.) = night, עָ֑רֶב Job 7:4; compare בְּנֶשֶׁף בְּעֶרֶב יוֹם Proverbs 7:9 (‖ בְּאִישׁוֹן לַיְלָה וַאֲפֵלָה).

עֹרֵב

noun (masc.) ^{Leviticus 11:15} raven;—ע׳ Isaiah 34:11; הָע׳ Genesis 8:7 Leviticus 11:15; Deuteronomy 14:14; Job 38:41; כָּעוֹרֵב Song of Songs 5:11 black as the raven; בְּנֵי עֹרֵב Psalms 147:9, young ravens; plural absolute הָעֹרְבִים I Kings 17:4, I Kings 17:6; construct עֹרְבֵי־נַחַל Proverbs 30:17.

עֲרָבָה²

n.[f.] poplar (populus Euphratica = Arabic غَرَبٌ Wellhausen in De Gn (Genesis 4), 568 Kersten^{ZPV ii. 209} De Is (Isaiah 4) 44, 4 Löw ^{p. 300 Anm.}; Mishnaic Hebrew עֲרָבָה; √ obscure);—plural absolute עֲרָבִים עַל־יִבְלֵי־מָ֑יִם Isaiah 44:4, compare Psalms 137:2; construct עַרְבֵי־נָ֑חַל Leviticus 23:40; Job 40:22; נַחַל־הָעֲרָבִים Isaiah 15:7 (a wady in Moab; identification doubtful, see conjectures in Buhl^{Geogr. 124}).

עֲרָד

n.pr.location Can. city in the Negeb, Αραδ (Egyptian ʿa-ru-dâ WMM^{As. u. Eur. 168, 170});—Judges 1:16, מֶלֶךְ־ע׳ Numbers 21:1 = Numbers 33:40, Joshua 12:14 (D, Α(ι)ραθ, A SeptuagintL Αδερ); probably mod. Tel Arad, Joshua 12:16 1/2 miles S. of Hebron; compare GFM Judges 1:16 Buhl^{Geogr. 182}.

עֲרָד²

n.pr.m. Benjamite I Chronicles 8:15, Ωρηρ, A Αρωδ, SeptuagintL Αραδ.

עָרָה

verb be naked, bare (Arabic عَرِىَ be naked; Phoenician ערה [Pi.] lay bare (compare Bloch Lidzbarski); Assyrian ûru, nakedness, also desert waste (compare [עָרָה] below) Jäger^{BAS ii. 282} and reff.; Mishnaic Hebrew עֶרְוָה = Biblical Hebrew, Targum עִירְיְתָא; Syriac ܥܪܳܝܽܘܬܳܐ in Lexx);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular עֵרָה Isaiah 22:6 Zephaniah 2:14; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְעָרֶה Isaiah 3:17; 3rd feminine singular וַתְּעַר Genesis 24:20; 2nd masculine singular juss. תְּעַר Psalms 141:8; 3rd masculine plural וִיעָרוּ II Chronicles 24:11; imperative (ציווי) mpl. עָ֫רוּ Psalms 137:7^(×2); infinitive (מקור) absolute עָרוֹת Habakkuk 3:13 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 75 n);—

lay bare Isaiah 3:17; Isaiah 22:6; Zephaniah 2:14 (indef. subj.); of laying foundations bare, that is tearing down walls, etc. Habakkuk 3:13 (yet on text see Nowack), absolute עָ֫רוּ עָ֑רוּ Psalms 137:7^(×2).

lay bare by removing contents, empty, water-jar Genesis 24:20 (J; + אֶל location), chest II Chronicles 24:11.

pour out, אַל־תְּעַר נַפְשָׁי Psalms 141:8 (that is slay).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הֶעֱרָה:

make naked, of sexual offences Leviticus 20:18, Leviticus 20:19 (both ‖ גִּלָּה).

pour out, הֶע׳ לַמָּוֶת נַפְשׁוֹ Isaiah 53:12 (figuratively for slay, compare Pi. 3).

passive of Hiph. 2: 3rd masculine singular יֵעָרֶה עָלֵינוּ רוּחַ Isaiah 32:15 (figuratively) until there be poured upon us a spirit from on high.

future (עתיד) 2nd feminine singular תִּתְעָרִ֑י Lamentations 4:21 thou shalt make thyself naked (of Edom under figuratively of drunken woman).

participle (בינוני) מִתְעָרֶה Psalms 37:35 usually pouring himself, that is spreading himself out like a tree (Bae doubts; Duhm מִתְעַלֶּה lifting himself up, compare Septuagint).

עָרָה²

noun (fem.) bare place;—plural עָרוֹת Isaiah 19:7 (si vera interpr.; > Septuagint ἄχ(ε)ι, Ki Saad reeds).

עֶרְוָה

noun (fem.) nakedness, pudenda;—absolute ע׳ Exodus 28:42 Leviticus 18:6; usually construct עֶרְוַת Genesis 9:22 +, with suffix עֶרְוָתְֽךָ Exodus 20:20 (Ginsb), Leviticus 18:10; עֶרְוָתֵךְ Isaiah 47:3 +; -תוֹ Leviticus 20:17, -תָהּ Leviticus 18:7 +; with suffix 3rd feminine plural עֶרְוָתָן v Leviticus 18:9, Leviticus 18:10;—

pudenda, of man, רָאָה ע׳ implying shameful exposure Genesis 9:22, Genesis 9:23; mostly of woman: figuratively of Jerus. (c. רָאָה) Lamentations 1:8; Ezekiel 16:37; usually c. גלה: literally תִּגָּלֶה ע׳ that is be exposed to view Exodus 20:20 (Ginsb; van d. H. v Exodus 20:23; E), so, as shameful punishment, figuratively of Egypt Isaiah 20:4 (gloss according to Duhm Cheyne Dillmann-Kittel), Bab. Isaiah 47:3, of Jerus. Ezekiel 16:37; Ezekiel 23:10, Ezekiel 23:29 (עֶרְוַת זְנוּנַיִךְ; all three obj. of active verb); chiefly euphem. for cohabit., גִּלָּה ע׳ Leviticus 18:6 + (see גלה Pi. 1 a); figuratively of Jerus. (verb passive) Ezekiel 16:36; רָאָה ע׳ in same meaning Leviticus 20:17^(×2) (H; of both sexes); ע׳ also Leviticus 18:8, Leviticus 18:10, Leviticus 18:16; כִּסָּה ע׳ cover nakedness Genesis 9:23, Exodus 28:42 (P; בְּשַׂר ע׳), Hosea 2:11 (figuratively of Isr.), Ezekiel 16:8 (of Jerus.); reviling words are לְבֹשֶׁת ע׳ אִמֶּ֑ךָ I Samuel 20:30 (compare Doughty^{Arabic Deserta i. 269}).

עֶרְוַת דָּבָר nakedness of a thing, that is probably indecency, improper behaviour Deuteronomy 23:15; Deuteronomy 24:1 (see Driver).

figuratively ע׳ הָאָרֶץ Genesis 42:9, Genesis 42:12, that is its exposed, undefended parts (Arabic عَوْرَةٌ).

עֶרְיָה

noun (fem.) nakedness;—always absolute ע׳;—ע׳־בֹּשֶׁת Micah 1:11 (in) nakedness, (in) shame (figuratively of town Shaphir); of Jerus. עֵרֹם וְע׳ Ezekiel 16:7 + 3 times (see עֵירֹם sub II. עור); of bow Habakkuk 3:9 (see II. עור).

עָרוֹד

n.[m.] wild ass (probably Aramaic loan-word (= Hebrew פֶּרֶא), Targum עֲרָדָא, עֲרוֹדָא; Syriac ܥܪܳܕܳܐ; Mand. אראדא, compare Hom^{NS 133})* Job 39:5.

עָרַךְ

verb arrange or set in order (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; also roll dough, Targum עֲרַךְ the same; Phoenician ערכת CIS^{Noldeke. 132, 4} valuation, Bloch, but doubtful; Arabic عَرَكَ iii. contend in battle, مَعْرَكٌ, مَعْرَكَةٌ, battle-ground);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ע׳ Job 32:14; II Chronicles 13:3, וְע׳ consec. Leviticus 1:12; Leviticus 6:5; עָרַכְתִּי Numbers 23:4 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַעֲרֹךְ Exodus 27:21 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) עֶרְכָה Job 33:5, עִרְכוּ Jeremiah 46:3; Jeremiah 50:14 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 481); infinitive (מקור) absolute עָרֹךְ Isaiah 21:5; construct עֲרךְ Judges 20:22 +; participle (בינוני) active plural עֹרְכִים Isaiah 65:11, etc.; passive עָרוּךְ Jeremiah 6:23 +, construct עֱרוּךְ Joel 2:5 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 22.4.2); not in D;

arrange in order, seven altars Numbers 23:4, that is I have built seven altars in a row (compare בנה v Numbers 23:1), flax-stalks Joshua 2:6 (both JE); especially

set or lay in order, as wood Genesis 22:9, I Kings 18:33, compare Tophet Isaiah 30:33; Leviticus 1:7; offerings Leviticus 1:8, Leviticus 1:12; Leviticus 6:5; lamp(s) Exodus 27:21; Leviticus 24:3, Leviticus 24:4 (all P), lamp (figuratively of dynasty) Psalms 132:17; ‘shew’-bread Exodus 40:4, Exodus 40:23 (upon [עַל] sacred שֻׁלְחָן; both with a direct object cogn.), Leviticus 24:8.

in common life (compare Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 183 f., 2nd ed. 200 f.}), arrange a table (that is dishes in order upon it), שֻׁלְחָן Isaiah 21:5 Proverbs 9:2 (figuratively of wisdom), Ezekiel 23:41 (of Jerus. in figuratively); Psalms 23:5; Psalms 78:19 (figuratively; subj. God); in idolatr. worship Isaiah 65:11.

arrange a battle, that is draw up in battle order, ע׳ מִלְחָמָה Judges 20:22; I Samuel 17:8; II Samuel 10:8 = I Chronicles 19:9; I Chronicles 12:37 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:36); II Chronicles 14:9; עֹרְכֵי מִלְחָמָה I Chronicles 12:34, I Chronicles 12:36 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:33, I Chronicles 12:35); עֱרוּךְ מ׳ Joel 2:5; + אֵת with, that is against Judges 20:20 Genesis 14:8, עִם II Chronicles 13:3; + לִקְרַאת I Samuel 17:2; I Chronicles 19:17; ע׳ מַעֲרָכָה לִקְרַאת I Samuel 17:21; עָרוּךְ כְּאִישׁ לַמִּלְחָמָה Jeremiah 6:23; Jeremiah 50:42; obj. om. Judges 20:22, Judges 20:33, + לִקְרַאת I Samuel 4:2; II Samuel 10:9, II Samuel 10:10 = I Chronicles 19:10, I Chronicles 19:11; II Samuel 10:17; + אֶל against Judges 20:30; I Chronicles 19:17, + על Jeremiah 50:14, לְ against Jeremiah 50:9;—Job 6:4 read יַעַכְרוּנִי Dillmann Budde Duhm

arrange weapons of army in order for battle Jeremiah 46:3; I Chronicles 12:9 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:8).

arrange words (מִלִּין) Job 32:14 (+ אֶל against), so (obj. om.) Job 33:5 (+ לְפָנַי), Job 37:19 Psalms 5:4 (probably; > of arranging a sacrifice); compare recount things in order, יַעְרְכֶהָ לִי Isaiah 44:7.

state in order, set forth a legal case Job 13:18; Job 23:4, so probably (obj. om.) of God Psalms 50:21 (+ לְעֵינֶיךָ), and (passive of בְּרִית) II Samuel 23:5 (compare Driver).—הֲיַעֲרֹךְ שׁועך Job 36:19 is difficult: Dillmann will he set thy cry (שַׁוְעֲךָ) in order? Bi (for לֹא) הֲיֵעָרֵךְ שׁ׳ לוֹ shall thy cry be set in order unto him? (sense good, although Niph. not found); see al. in Dillmann

compare (as result of arranging in order): מַה־דְּמוּת תַּע׳־לוֹ Isaiah 40:18 what likeness will ye compare to him? אֵין עֲרֹךְ אֵלֶיךָ Psalms 40:6.

intrans. be comparable, c. לְ, Psalms 89:7 (‖ דָּמָה), c. with suffix of thing compared Job 28:17, Job 28:19.

עֵ֫רֶךְ

noun (masc.) Leviticus 27; Leviticus 25 order, row, estimate;—construct ע׳ Judges 17:10; Exodus 40:23; with suffix עֶרְכִּי Psalms 55:14, עֶרְכְּךָ Leviticus 5:15 +, etc.;—

order, row, ע׳ בְּגָדִים Judges 17:10 a (complete) suit of clothes (laid out in order), Septuagint (Vaticanus) στολὴν ἱματίων; ע׳ לֶחֶם Exodus 40:23 that is loaves arranged in a row, so ע׳ alone v Exodus 40:4; עֶרְכּוֹ Job 41:4 his symmetry (see חִין sub חנן).

estimate, valuation, made by ordering, classifying: אִישׁ כְּעֶרְכּוֹ II Kings 23:35; in II Kings 12:5 read עֵרֶךְ (for Masoretic Text עוֹבֵר) money of a man’s valuation Septuagint Benz Kittel, and probably del. כֶּסֶף נַפְשׁוֹת עֶרְכּוֹ (? כ׳ עֶרֶךְ נ׳ Kittel) as gloss (Stade^{journal ZAW v (1885), 288 f.}); כְּעֶרְכִּי Psalms 55:14 a man according to my valuation, figuratively for my equal; elsewhere P, of priest’s valuation of trespass-offering Leviticus 5:15, Leviticus 5:18, Leviticus 5:25, vows, and redemption-money Leviticus 27:2, Leviticus 27:3^(×2), Leviticus 27:4 + 17 times 27 (כֶּסֶף עֶרְכְּךָ v Leviticus 27:15, Leviticus 27:19, מִכְסַת הָעֶרְכְּךָ v Leviticus 27:3 [del. הָ], compare v Leviticus 27:23 [del. the same]), Numbers 18:16.—Job 28:13 read דַּרְכָּהּ Septuagint Dillmann al.

עָרַךְ²

verbdenom.

value (for taxation), tax (from עֵרֶךְ 2);—past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הֶעֱרִיךְ אֶת־הָאָרֶץ II Kings 23:35; in P, וְהֶע׳ consec., with a direct object person Leviticus 27:8, Leviticus 27:12 c. with suffix v Leviticus 27:14; future (עתיד) יַעֲרִיךְ v Leviticus 27:14; with suffix יַעֲרִכֶנּוּ v Leviticus 27:8.

עָרְלָה

noun (fem.) foreskin;—ע׳ Genesis 34:14; Jeremiah 9:24; construct עָרְלַת Exodus 4:25; Deuteronomy 10:16, etc.; plural הָעֲרָלוֹת (not עֳ׳) Joshua 5:3 (Konig^{ii. 1, 158}); construct עָרְלוֹת Jeremiah 4:4 + 2 times; עָרְלֹתֵיהֶם I Samuel 18:27;—foreskin I Samuel 18:25, I Samuel 18:27; II Samuel 3:14, compare גִּבְעַת הָעֲרָלוֹת Joshua 5:3 hill of the foreskins, near Gilgal; of circumcision, כרת ע׳ Exodus 4:25, בְּשַׂר ע׳ Genesis 17:11 + 5 times P (see II. מוּל), אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר לוֹ ע׳ Genesis 34:14, that is one uncircumcised; compare Jeremiah 9:24; figuratively of fruit trees, עָרְלָתוֹ Leviticus 19:23 (P; see [עָרַל]); figuratively of heart, ע׳ לבב Deuteronomy 10:16; Jeremiah 4:4.

עָרַל

verb denom. count as foreskin, that is as uncircumcised;—

past (עבר) 2nd masculine plural, with a direct object cogn. וַעֲרַלְתֶּם עָרְלָתוֹ Leviticus 19:23 ye shall regard its fruit as uncircumcised, and not eat it (for three years) (> Siegfried-Stade remove its foreskin (its fruit), as Vulgate, compare Septuagint περικαθαριεῖτε τὴν ἀκαθαρσίαν αὐτοῦ).

imperative (ציווי) הֵעָרֵל Habakkuk 2:16 be counted uncircumcised, that is be object of mockery; but doubtful, read probably הֵרָעֵל reel (Septuagint Peshitta Wellhausen Nowack Buhl^Lex).

עָרֵל

adjective having foreskin, that is uncircumcised;—ע׳ Exodus 12:48 + 5 times; construct עֶ֫רֶל Ezekiel 44:9^(×2); עֲרַל Exodus 6:12, Exodus 6:30; f. עֲרֵלָה Jeremiah 6:10; plural עֲרֵלִים Leviticus 19:23 + 20 times; construct עַרְלֵי Jeremiah 9:25 + 2 times;—uncircumcised person Exodus 12:48; Joshua 5:7, Philistines Judges 14:3; Judges 15:18; I Samuel 14:6; I Samuel 17:26, I Samuel 17:36; I Samuel 31:4; II Samuel 1:20; I Chronicles 10:4; of other nations Isaiah 52:1; Jeremiah 9:25, especially as slain Ezekiel 28:10; Ezekiel 31:18; Ezekiel 32:19 + 9 times Ezekiel 32:32; in v Ezekiel 32:27 read מֵעוֹלָם so Hitzig and most (see on meaning Toy Ezekiel 31:18); עָרֵל זָכֶר uncircumcised male Genesis 17:14; ע׳ בָּשָׂר Ezekiel 4:7, Ezekiel 4:9 uncircumcised of flesh; figuratively of fruit trees Leviticus 19:23 (compare [עָרַל] above); ע׳ שְׂפָתַיִם figuratively of incapacity to speak Exodus 6:12, Exodus 6:30; of character, ע׳ לב Jeremiah 9:25; Ezekiel 44:7, Ezekiel 44:9, compare לִבָבָם הֶעָרֵל Leviticus 26:41, עֲרֵלָה אָזְנָם Jeremiah 6:10 their ear is uncircumcised (unreceptive).

עֵרֹם

see II. עור.

עָרַם

verb

be heaped up (compare Sab. אערמהו, plural of [ערם] dam, so Arabic عَرِمٌ, compare DHM^{ZMG xxx (1876), 676; VOJ i. 25} who cp. Biblical Hebrew עֲרֵמָה, Arabic عَرَمَةٌ (which Frä ¹³⁵ thinks Aramaic loan-word), compare ܥܪܰܡ Pa. heap up; > Wetzstein^{Zeltschr. für Ethnol. 1873, 279 (Syriac Dreschtafel)} who cp. عَرَمَ strip [whence עַרְמוֹן below], and thinks עֲרֵמָה = bare heap);—past (עבר) 3rd plural נֶעֶרְמוּ מַיִם Exodus 15:8.

עָרֹם

verb be shrewd, crafty (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Hiph.; Arabic عَرَمَ, عَرِمَ, عَرُمَ, be ill-natured, cross; Targum adjective עָרִים shrewd, Syriac ܥܪܝܡ the same, and verb in der. spec. (Pe. in Lexx.));—

infinitive (מקור) absolute in עָרֹם יַעְרִם I Samuel 23:22 he is exceedingly crafty.

future (עתיד) be crafty, 3rd masculine singular יַעְרִם I Samuel 23:22; be or become shrewd יַעְרִם Proverbs 15:5; Proverbs 19:25; all these Qal future (עתיד)in—ִ according to Barth^{ZMG xlili (1889), 180} so Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 63 n Buhl^Lex, but perhaps read יֶעְרַם as Qal; true Hiph. in 3rd masculine plural יַעֲרִימוּ סוֹד Psalms 83:4⁴ they make crafty (their) counsel against thy people.

עָרְמָה

noun (fem.) craftiness, prudence;—

בְע׳ craftily Exodus 21:14, Joshua 9:4.

ע׳ in Pr, in good sense, prudence Proverbs 1:4; Proverbs 8:5, Proverbs 8:12.

עָרוּם

adjective crafty, shrewd, sensible;—

crafty, ע׳ as pred., of serpent Genesis 3:1; plural as noun מַחְשְׁבוֹת עֲרוּמִים Job 5:12, לְשׁוֹן ע׳ Job 15:5.

in Pr, in good sense (opposite אֱוִיל, כְּסִיל, פֶּתִי); as attrib. אָדָם עָרוּם Proverbs 12:23 a shrewd or sensible man; ע׳ as noun = the same, v Proverbs 12:16; Proverbs 13:16, so חָכְמַת ע׳ Proverbs 14:8; = prudent man Proverbs 14:15; Proverbs 22:3; Proverbs 27:12; plural עֲרוּמִים Proverbs 14:18.

עַרְעָר

see II. ערר.

עֹ֫רֶף

noun (masc.) ^{Deuteronomy 31:27} back of neck, neck;—ע׳ absolute Joshua 7:12 +; construct Genesis 49:8 +; with suffix עָרְפִּי Job 16:12, עָרְפְּךָ Deuteronomy 31:27, etc.;—

back of neck of fleeing foe יָֽדְךָ בְּע׳ אֹיְבֶיךָ Genesis 49:8 (poem in J), compare וְאָחַז בְּעָרְפִּי Job 16:12 (figuratively); Exodus 23:27, Psalms 18:41 = II Samuel 22:41; turn (הָפַךְ, פָּנָה) one’s back before (לִפְנֵי) a foe Joshua 7:8, Joshua 7:12, absolute Jeremiah 48:39; figuratively of apostasy פָּנָה ע׳אֶל Jeremiah 2:27; Jeremiah 32:33 (opposite פָּנָה פָנִים) absolute וַיִּתְּנוּ ע׳ II Chronicles 29:6; of י׳’s disfavour ע׳ וְלֹא פָנִים אֶרְאֵם Jeremiah 18:17 with the back and not the face will I look at them.

figuratively in קְשֵׁה־ע׳ stiff of neck, that is obstinate, of Isr. Exodus 32:8; Exodus 33:3, Exodus 33:5; Exodus 34:9 (all JE), Deuteronomy 9:6, Deuteronomy 9:13; עָרְפְּךָ הַקָּשֶׁה Deuteronomy 31:27; with verb הִקְשָׁה ע׳ that is be obstinate, intractable Deuteronomy 10:16; Jeremiah 7:26; Jeremiah 17:23; Jeremiah 19:15; II Kings 17:14^(×2) Nehemiah 9:16, Nehemiah 9:17, Nehemiah 9:29; II Chronicles 30:8; compare גִּיד בַּרְזֶל ע׳ Isaiah 48:4 (‖ קָשֶׁה אָ֑תָּת); הִקְשָׁה ע׳ of individual II Chronicles 36:13; Proverbs 29:1.

of bird: nip its head מִמּוּל עָרְפּוֹ Leviticus 5:8.

עָרַף

verb denom. break the neck of an animal;—

past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular with suffix וַעֲרַפְתּוֹ consec. Exodus 13:13; Exodus 34:20, 3rd plural וְעָֽרְפוּ־שָׁם אֶת־הָעֶגְלָה consec. Deuteronomy 21:4; participle (בינוני) active עוֹרֵף כֶּלֶב Isaiah 66:3; passive הָעֲרוּפָה הָעֶגְלָה Deuteronomy 21:6; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַעֲרֹף Hosea 10:2 figuratively of breaking down altars.

עָרְפָּה

n.pr.f. sister-in-law of Ruth, Ruth 1:4, Ruth 1:14, Ορφα.

עָרַף²

verb drip, drop (compare Arabic غَرَفَ lade out water with the hand (as with ladle) compare Phoenician ערפת portico (whence rain drips) see Hoffmann^{Abh. d. GGW xxxvi. May, 1889, 12f.}; compare also غُرْفَةٌ upper-room; מערף ענן Ecclus 43:22 the dropping of a cloud, Assyrian irpu, irpitu, cloud(s));—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural שָׁמָיו יַעַרְפוּ־טָ֑ל Deuteronomy 33:28 his heavens drop dew; figuratively, of speech, intrans., יַעֲרֹף כַּמָּטָר לִקְחִי Deuteronomy 32:2 let my teaching drop like the rain (‖ תִּזַּל כַּטַּל אִמְרָתִי).—Cf. רָעַף.

עֲרָפֶל

noun (masc.) cloud, heavy cloud (perhaps from above √ + ל afform; Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Syriac ܥܰܪܦܶܠܴܐ; Targum עֲרָפֵילָא; Mand. ארפילא Noldeke^{M 126, 128}; on vocaliz. see Barth^{NB 160} and against him Schwally^{journal ZAW x (1890), 178} who proposes עַרְפֶּל);—ע׳ in which God dwells Exodus 20:15 (Gi; van d. H. v Exodus 20:18), I Kings 8:12 = II Chronicles 6:1; + עָנָן Deuteronomy 4:11 (also חֹשֶׁךְ), Deuteronomy 5:17 (Deuteronomy 5:19) Psalms 97:2; Job 22:13 v בַּעַד; ע׳ תַּחַת רַגְלָיו II Samuel 22:10 = Psalms 18:10; as swaddling-bands of sea Job 38:9; figuratively of misery Isaiah 60:2 (‖ חֹשֶׁךְ); of י׳’s judgment Jeremiah 13:16 (‖ צַלְמָוֶת), as a past day יוֹם עָנָן וַע׳ Ezekiel 34:12 = (of future day of י׳) Zephaniah 1:15 (‖ יוֹם חשֶׁךְ וַאֲפֵלָה) = Joel 2:2 (‖ the same).

עָרִיץ

adjective awe-inspiring, terror-striking;—ע׳ of י׳, כְּגִבּוֹר עָרִיץ Jeremiah 20:11; plural as noun עָרִיצִים, in bad sense of formidable adversaries, personal, Jeremiah 15:21 (‖ רָעִים), Job 6:23 (‖ צָר), and national, Psalms 54:5 (‖ זָרִים), = עֲדַת ע׳ Psalms 86:14 (‖ זֵדִים), הֲמוֹן ע׳ Isaiah 29:5 (‖ זָרָ֑יִךְ); especially of Chaldeans Isaiah 13:11, construct עָרִיצֵי גוֹיִם most terrifying of the nations Ezekiel 28:7 (‖ זָרִים) Ezekiel 30:11; Ezekiel 31:12 (‖ זָרִים), Ezekiel 32:12; so (probably) singular עָרִיץ Isaiah 49:25 (read ע׳ also for צַדִּיק v Ezekiel 32:24, so Lo Ewald Cheyne Gratz al.); without specif. ref. גּוֹרִם עָרִיצִים Isaiah 25:3 awe-inspiring nations (Duhm Cheyne take ע׳ as noun), רוּחַ ע׳ v Isaiah 25:4 (del. as gloss Dillmann al.), זְמִיר ע׳ v Isaiah 25:5 (del. verse as gloss Duhm Cheyne); late, of wicked in generally, as ruthless רָאִיתִי רָשָׁע ע׳ Psalms 37:35 I have seen a wicked man ruthless; as noun, Isaiah 29:20 (‖ לֵץ), Job 15:20 (‖ רשׁע), plural Job 27:13 (‖ the same), Proverbs 11:16; read also עָרִיץִ(ים) Isaiah 11:4 (for Masoretic Text אֶרֶץ), so Cheyne Br^MP Duhm Gratz al. (‖ רָשָׁע).

עָרַר

verb strip oneself (‖ form of ערה, II. עור);—

imperative (ציווי) עֹ֫רָה Isaiah 32:11 (‖ פְּשֹׁ֫טָה; according to Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 110 k Hitzig De al. ms. with fpl. subj.; according to Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 226 a Duhm Dillmann al. fpl., shortened from ערנה etc.). Pōʿ. past (עבר) 3rd plural עוֹרְרוּ אַרְמְנוֹתֶיהָ Isaiah 23:13 they have laid bare (the foundations of) her palaces, that is destroyed them; so

infinitive (מקור) absolute +

future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular עַרְעֵר תִּתְעַרְעַר Jeremiah 51:58 be laid utterly bare, compare ערה

1.

עֲרִירִי

adjective stripped, specif. childless;—ע׳ Genesis 15:2, Jeremiah 22:30; plural עֲרִירִים Leviticus 20:20, Leviticus 20:21.

עֲרוֹעֵר

n.[m.] probably a tree or bush; juniper? (Arabic عَرْعَرٌ juniper (or cypress? see Lane), so Tristr^{NHB 358} Rob^{BR ii. 124}; on format. see Lagarde^{BN 162} Barth^{NB 160});—עֲרוֹעֵר בַּמִּדְבָּר Jeremiah 48:6, + Jeremiah 17:6, where read probably עֲרֹעֵר בָּעֲרָבָה (for Masoretic Text עַרְעָר; > Gf al. conversely, read עַרְעָר Jeremiah 48:6).

עֲרֹעֵר

n.pr.location Αροηρ, MI²⁶ ערער;—

city on N. bank of Arnon, S. limit of E. Jordan Isr., עֲרֹעֵר Numbers 32:34, Deuteronomy 2:36; Deuteronomy 3:12; Deuteronomy 4:48; Joshua 12:2 II Kings 10:33; I Chronicles 5:8; עֲרוֹעֵר Joshua 13:9, v Joshua 13:16, II Samuel 24:5; Moabitish Jeremiah 48:19 (compare MI²⁶); once עַרְעֹר Judges 11:26; mod. ʿArʿâir Buhl^{Geogr. 269}, Tristr^{Moab 129 ff.}

city near Rabbah in Ammon, עֲרֹעֵר Judges 11:33, עֲרוֹ׳ Joshua 13:25, site unknown.

city in S. Judah, עֲרֹעֵר I Samuel 30:28 (Septuagint Αροηρ + Αμμαδει, latter orig. according to Wellhausen, indicating form ערערה; SeptuagintL Ραγουηλ); + Joshua 15:22 reading ע׳ (or עַרְעָרָה) for Masoretic Text עַדְעָדָה, Septuagint (Vaticanus) Αρουηλ, Wellhausen I Samuel 30, I Samuel 28 (compareDriver HPS), Dillmann^{ad location} Benn Steuern; poss. ʿArʿâra c. 9 miles S. of E. from Beersheba, but compare Buhl^{Geogr. 183}.—Isaiah 17:2 read עָרֶיהָ עֲדֵי עַד Septuagint Lo Lagarde^{Sem. i. 30} Cheyne Buhl^Lex al. (for Masoretic Text עָרֵי עֲרֹעֵר).—Vid. also Cheyne^{Ency. Bib. 317}.

עֶ֫רֶשׂ

noun (fem.) ^{Job 7:13} couch, divan;—construct ע׳ Deuteronomy 3:11 +; absolute עָ֑רֶשׂ Amos 3:12; with suffix עַרְשִׂי Job 7:13 +, etc.; plural with suffix עַרְשׂוֹתָם Amos 6:4;—couch, divan, Amos 3:12; Amos 6:4 (‖ מִטּוֹת), + II Samuel 17:28 (read עַרְשׂת מִשְׁכָּב Klostermann Ne^{Marg. 18} HPS, compare Septuagint); for lying at night Job 7:13 Psalms 6:7 (‖ מִטָּה), Proverbs 7:16, עֶרֶשׂ יְצוּעָ֑י Psalms 132:3 the couch of (consisting in) my bed; couch of sickness Psalms 41:4; marriage couch Song of Songs 1:16; perhaps transf. to sarcophagus, as last couch עַרְשׂוֹ עֶרֶשׂ בַּרְזֶל Deuteronomy 3:11 (see Driver).

עֵ֫שֶׂב

noun (masc.) ^{Genesis 1:11} herb, herbage;—ע׳ absolute Deuteronomy 11:15 +; construct Genesis 2:5 +; with suffix עֶשְׂבָּם Isaiah 42:15; plural construct עִשְּׂבוֹת (d.f. dirim.) Proverbs 27:25;—herb, herbage, in oldest use often generally (therefore incl. grass [דֶּשֶׁא]): ע׳ הַשָּׂדֶה Exodus 9:22, Genesis 2:5 (+ שִׂיחַ) Exodus 9:25 (+ עֵץ), Exodus 10:15 (+ id; all J) Amos 7:2, so ע׳ הָאָרֶץ Exodus 10:12, + פְּרִי הָעֵץ v Exodus 10:15, whence Psalms 105:35; appar. generally also in ע׳ הארץ Job 5:25 Psalms 72:16, ע׳ alone Psalms 92:8; ע׳ כָּל־הַשָּׂדֶה Jeremiah 12:14, ע׳ alone Deuteronomy 32:2 (‖ דֶּשֶׁא), Isaiah 42:15 Psalms 102:5, Psalms 102:12, and Deuteronomy 29:22 Micah 5:6 Proverbs 19:12; hence ע׳ as food for cattle Deuteronomy 11:15 Psalms 106:20 compare Jeremiah 14:6 Zechariah 10:1; עִשְּׂבוֹת הָרִים Proverbs 27:25 (‖ דֶּשֶׁא, חָצִיר); but as human food (hence excluding דֶּשֶׁא) ע׳ הַשָּׂדֶה Genesis 3:18; especially P Genesis 1:29 (+ עֶץ), יֶרֶק ע׳ v Genesis 1:30; Genesis 9:3, hence ע׳ Psalms 104:14 (‖ חָצִיר for cattle); ע׳ disting. from דֶּשֶׁא, עֵץ also Genesis 1:11, Genesis 1:12, ע׳ שָׂדֶה + דֶּשֶׁא, חָצִיר II Kings 19:26 + Isaiah 37:27.

עָשָׂה

I. עָשָׂה verb do, make (Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; MI^23.26 עשתי, l.^3.9 ואעש, l.²⁴ imperative (ציווי) עשו; OH n.pr. עשיו, אלעשה, מעשיהו; not Aramaic, and not certainly found in S. Sem. lang.; on Sab. see especially DHM^{SB Berl. Akkadian 1886, 849});—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular Genesis 3:1 +, with suffix עָשָׂהוּ Hosea 8:6 +; 3rd feminine singular עָֽשְׂתָה Deuteronomy 22:21 +, וְעָשָׂת consec. Leviticus 25:21; 2nd masculine singular עָשִׂיתָ Genesis 3:14 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַעֲשֶׂה Genesis 18:25 +, וַיַּעֲשֶׂה I Kings 16:25 + 3 times, וַיַּעַשׂ Isaiah 5:2 +; יַעֲשֵׂה Isaiah 64:3, 2nd masculine singular תַּעֲשֶׂה I Samuel 10:8, תַּעֲשֵׂה Genesis 26:29 Joshua 7:9, juss. (c. אַל) תַּעַשׂ Genesis 22:12 +, תַּעֲשֵׂה II Samuel 13:12 Jeremiah 40:16 Qr (Kt תַּעַשׂ); 1st singular אֶעֱשֶׂה Genesis 2:18 +, וָאֶעֱשֶׂה Ezekiel 20:14 Daniel 8:27, וָאַעַשׂ Deuteronomy 10:3 + 4 times Ez; etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. עֲשֵׂה Judges 10:15 +; fs. עֲשִׂי Jeremiah 6:26 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute עָשׂה Jeremiah 44:17 +; עָשׂוֹ Jeremiah 7:5 + 2 times (Jeremiah 4:18 van d. H. עָשׂוּ); construct עֲשׂוֹת Genesis 2:4 +, עֲשֹׂה Genesis 50:20 + 2 times, עֲשׂוֹ Genesis 31:28, with suffix עֲשׂתוֹ Genesis 41:32 +, עֲשׂהוּ †Exodus 18:18, etc.; participle (בינוני) active עֹשֶׂה Isaiah 5:5 +, with suffix הָעשֹׁוֹ Job 40:19 (but see below); plural עֹשִׂים Genesis 24:49 +; with suffix עֹשָׂ֑י Job 35:10 (yet see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 124 k), etc.; passive עָשׂוּי Exodus 3:16 +, הֶעָשׂוּ Job 41:25 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 75 k); f. עֲשׂוּיָה Ezekiel 21:20 +, etc.;—

do (1560 + times):

(1) with a direct object active Genesis 3:14 Genesis 20:10 + often; do right in eyes of י׳ II Kings 12:3; II Kings 14:13 +, evil II Kings 8:18, II Kings 8:27 + (compare i. עַיִן 3 c); do God’s commands, statutes, etc., Deuteronomy 16:12; Deuteronomy 30:8, Numbers 15:39; ע׳ חַיִל I Samuel 14:48 + do might, that is mightily, valiantly; Proverbs 31:29 do efficiency, that is efficiently; = commit (offence) Leviticus 20:13, Deuteronomy 20:18; followed by מִן particle, וְעָשָׂה מֵאַחַת מֵהֵנָּה Leviticus 4:2 and shall do a single one of them (things prohibited; see מִן 3 b (d)), compare וְעָשׂוּ אַחַת מִכָּל־מִצְוֹת י׳ v II Kings 8:13, II Kings 8:22; II Kings 5:17 (all P); do = perform a work, with a direct object cogn. מַעֲשֶׂה Exodus 18:20; Exodus 23:12, also (י׳ subj.) Deuteronomy 11:7 Daniel 9:14 Ecclesiastes 3:11; with a direct object מְלָאכָה Genesis 2:2, Genesis 2:2, Exodus 20:9, Exodus 20:10 = Deuteronomy 9:13 (10 Words); with a direct object דְּרָכֶיךָ †Isaiah 58:13; ע׳ מְלוּכָה עַל I Kings 21:7 = exercise sovereignty over; of י׳ performing signs (אֹתֹת) Joshua 24:17, Numbers 14:11, Numbers 14:22, Deuteronomy 11:3, so Moses Exodus 4:17 and (מֹפְתִים) v Exodus 4:21. (2) do something to one (ל person) Genesis 20:9, Judges 9:56 +; c. עַל reflex. Jeremiah 26:19 do evil against ourselves; especially י׳ subj., c. לְ, do good to Exodus 18:9, I Kings 8:66, or evil Genesis 42:28; in phr. so may God do to me, etc. I Samuel 3:17 II Kings 6:31 + (see יסף Hiph. 1). (3) do something for one (ל person) Genesis 30:31 I Kings 11:8 +, dir. obj. om. I Samuel 20:4; + ל rei Judges 21:7, Judges 21:16 what shall we do for them, for wives? c. עַל person Nehemiah 5:19; c. dat. eth. (ל) I Samuel 10:7; c. לְ, of י׳ doing kindness for I Samuel 22:3; executing vengeance for Judges 11:36 (+ מִן of enemy); י׳ doing a sign (אוֹת) for †Judges 6:17 (elsewhere נָתַן אוֹת לְ), compare עֲשֵׂה־עִמִּי אוֹת לְטוֹבָה Psalms 86:17. (4) do someth. (in relation or intercourse) with (עִם, אֵת person), י׳ subj. Exodus 34:10 Deuteronomy 1:30 all that he did with you, Deuteronomy 10:21 (compare Psalms 86:17 above), human subj. II Chronicles 24:24 (obj. שְׁפָטִים), Ruth 2:11. (5) seldom c. ב, usually of executing judgment upon I Samuel 28:18 Isaiah 48:14, more generally Esther 1:15 what shall we do with the queen? also, subj. י׳, Ezekiel 25:11; Ezekiel 28:26 Psalms 149:7, Psalms 149:9 Numbers 33:4 (on false gods); in good sense, ע׳ חֲסָדִים בּ׳ Nehemiah 13:14. (6) of י׳ doing the justice (מִשְׁפַּט) of any one, that is maintaining his cause I Kings 8:45, I Kings 8:49 Psalms 9:5. (7) c. adverb do thus, כֹּה, Joshua 6:14, according to, כְּ, Genesis 6:22, Genesis 18:21, I Kings 2:6; direct object as, כַּאֲשֶׁר Genesis 27:19; Exodus 1:17 +; c. בְּ of manner, Judges 9:16, Ezekiel 8:18; Ezekiel 25:15.

work for (ל rei) Genesis 30:30; c. ל person I Samuel 14:6 Ezekiel 29:20 (for י׳); work in (ב) gold or other material I Kings 7:14 II Chronicles 2:6, II Chronicles 2:13 Exodus 31:4, Exodus 31:5; Exodus 35:32 (all P); c. בָּהּ (that is בָּעֲבֹדָח) Exodus 5:9 in toil Nehemiah 4:10; work w. (עִם) God I Samuel 14:45, so probably of God’s working with (אֵת) Moses and Aaron I Samuel 12:6 (usually appoint); c. עִם with (of person in whose company, in whose field) Ruth 2:19^(×2) (gleaning); work בְּחֵפֶץ כַּפֶּיהָ Proverbs 31:13; without preposition Exodus 36:1 Nehemiah 3:38.

deal with, c. עִם, II Chronicles 2:2 Daniel 1:13 (כַּאֲשֶׁר direct object as); c. אֵת, Ez (Ezekiel 17:17) Ezekiel 20:44 Micah 5:14 Psalms 109:21; Ezekiel 22:14 Zephaniah 3:19 (Gratz Nowack ins. כָּלָה, see ii 1 g), + כְּ Jeremiah 21:2, + בְּ of manner Ezekiel 23:25, Ezekiel 23:29; c. לְ person + בְּ Ezekiel 25:12; c. בְּ person, Jeremiah 18:23 Daniel 11:7, + כְּ according toNehemiah 9:24 Esther 3:11.

often in phr., do kindness (חֶסֶד) with: c. עִם, (עִמָּדִי) Genesis 19:19; Genesis 24:12, Genesis 24:14, Judges 1:24; Judges 8:35 I Samuel 15:6 II Samuel 2:5; II Samuel 10:2 = I Chronicles 19:2 +; c. עַל, I Samuel 20:8 (but read עִם Vrss Wellhausen Driver al.); absolute, Psalms 109:16; obj. חֶסֶד + אֱמֶת, c. עִם, Joshua 2:14 Judges 9:19 II Samuel 2:6; c. אֵת with, Genesis 24:49; Genesis 32:11; Genesis 47:29 (all J); c. לְ, Exodus 20:6 = Deuteronomy 5:10, II Samuel 22:51 = Psalms 18:51; so ע׳ טוֹב, c. עִם, Genesis 26:29, compare Judges 8:35; Judges 9:16; c. אֵת with, I Samuel 24:19 II Samuel 2:6.

absolute act, act with effect, especially of י׳, I Kings 8:32, I Kings 8:39 Jeremiah 14:7 Ezekiel 20:9, Ezekiel 20:14, Ezekiel 20:22 Psalms 22:32; Psalms 37:5; Psalms 52:11 Daniel 9:19; of men II Chronicles 31:21 Daniel 8:12, Daniel 8:24; Daniel 11:28, Daniel 11:30, Daniel 11:32; c. ל person Ezekiel 31:11.

make (670 + times):

c. obj. concr., ark Genesis 8:6, altar Genesis 13:4, idols Judges 18:24, Judges 18:31 +, etc.

often of God’s making (creating) Genesis 3:1, Genesis 1:7, Genesis 1:16, Genesis 1:25, Nehemiah 9:6 Job 9:9 Proverbs 8:26 II Chronicles 2:11 Psalms 95:5 +; making man Psalms 100:3; Psalms 119:73 (made by God’s hands), in the womb Job 31:15^(×2); making constituting, nation Deuteronomy 26:19; Deuteronomy 32:6, Deuteronomy 32:15; pt. with suffix עֹשֵׂהוּ his Maker Isaiah 17:7 Proverbs 14:31; Proverbs 17:5 (הָעֹשׂוֹ Job 40:19 is improb., most read הֶעָשָׂוּי, with various interpr. of following words); עֹשֶׂךָ Isaiah 51:13, עֹשֵׂנִי Job 32:22 (Ginsb; v Job 32:22 van d. H. Baer), עֹשֵׂנוּ Psalms 95:6; so appar. pt. plural עֹשָׂ֑י Job 35:10, עֹשַׂיִךְ Isaiah 54:5 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 124 k expl. as singular).

make something, c. לְ reflex., make for thee Exodus 20:4 Deuteronomy 9:12; Deuteronomy 10:1 +, for (ל) another I Samuel 2:19 II Samuel 7:11 I Kings 2:24 +; obj. מִשְׁתֶּה banquet Genesis 40:20 Esther 5:4, also (no ל) Genesis 29:22 Judges 14:10 Esther 5:5, Esther 5:12 and (figuratively, י׳ subj.) Isaiah 25:6; c. ל rei, Deuteronomy 22:8; c. ל of animal Genesis 33:17.

make a name (שֵׁם) for oneself (ל) II Samuel 7:9 I Chronicles 17:8, also (no ל) II Samuel 8:13; a new heart for oneself (ל) Ezekiel 18:31.

make war with (אֶת) Genesis 14:2 Joshua 11:18; c. עִם, Deuteronomy 20:12, Deuteronomy 20:20 I Chronicles 5:10, I Chronicles 5:19; absolute I Chronicles 22:8; c. ל reflex. Proverbs 24:6; pt. עֹשֵׂה מִלְחָמָה II Chronicles 11:1; II Chronicles 26:11, II Chronicles 26:13; make peace, c. ל person Joshua 9:15; ע׳ אִתִּי בְרָכָה II Kings 18:31 make an agreement with me.

c. ב, ע׳ פֶּרֶץ בּ׳ Judges 21:15 י׳ brought a catastrophe upon (compare פרץ).

c. 2 direct object, make something out of (direct object mater.) Exodus 25:18; Exodus 28:13; Exodus 37:17, Exodus 37:24 Song of Songs 3:10 Deuteronomy 10:3 +; make something into something (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 117 ii) Hosea 8:4 Genesis 27:9 Judges 17:4 Numbers 11:8; Numbers 17:3 Psalms 104:4; make something כָּלָה, that is utterly destroy it Nahum 1:8 Zephaniah 1:18 Ezekiel 20:17 Nehemiah 9:31; c. pt. passive as 2nd direct object Exodus 38:7 they made it נְבוּב לֻחֹת hollow with boards, Exodus 39:9; but also with a direct object + לְ, Hosea 2:10 gold they made into (ל) the Baal, Judges 8:27 Exodus 27:3, Deuteronomy 9:14 Jeremiah 37:15 Ezekiel 4:9 Isaiah 44:17, Isaiah 44:19; make something for (ל person), + מִן of material Song of Songs 3:9.

produce, yield: of grain, yielding meal Hosea 8:7^(×2), vineyard, grapes Isaiah 5:2^(×2), Isaiah 5:4^(×2), Isaiah 5:10, tree, fruit II Kings 19:30 = Isaiah 37:31, Hosea 9:16 Jeremiah 12:2; Jeremiah 17:8 Ezekiel 17:23 (all figuratively), Genesis 1:11, Genesis 1:12; branches Job 14:9 and (figuratively) Ezekiel 17:8; land, fruit Leviticus 25:21 compare Habakkuk 3:17, absolute Genesis 41:47; of seed Isaiah 5:10, vine, shoots Ezekiel 17:6 (figuratively); of cows, yielding milk Isaiah 7:22; hippop. producing fat Job 15:27.

prepare, especially of dressing and cooking food, Genesis 18:7, Genesis 18:8 Judges 6:19; Judges 13:15 I Samuel 25:18 (passive), II Samuel 12:4^(×2) Genesis 27:14, Genesis 27:17, Genesis 27:31 II Samuel 13:5, II Samuel 13:7 I Kings 17:12 Exodus 12:39 (+ ל reflex.) Ezekiel 35:6; a bullock for sacrifice I Kings 18:23, I Kings 18:25, I Kings 18:26; כְּלֵי גוֹלָה Ezekiel 12:3 (+ ל reflex.); a chamber Nehemiah 13:7; prepare to build (+ ל person and inf.).

make offering, for example עוֹלָה Judges 13:16 Jeremiah 33:18 Leviticus 16:24, עוֹלָה וָזֶבַח II Kings 5:17 (+ ל dei), הַחַטָּאת Leviticus 14:19, אִשֶּׁה Numbers 15:3, Numbers 15:14, various offerings I Kings 8:64 Leviticus 9:22 Ezekiel 45:17; Ezekiel 46:2 +; + לי׳ to י׳ Leviticus 17:9 +; also with a direct object of thing sacrificed (perhaps orig. prepare or provide, see above) Ezekiel 43:25^(×2); Ezekiel 46:15 Leviticus 14:30; Leviticus 15:15, Leviticus 15:30; Leviticus 16:9 Numbers 6:11, Numbers 6:17 Psalms 66:15 (+ ל dei) +; absolute = offer sacrifice Exodus 10:25 (E + לי׳), to (ל) heathen gods II Kings 17:32.

attend to, put in order: pare (the nails) Deuteronomy 21:12; wash (feet) II Samuel 19:25; trim (beard) v II Samuel 19:25 (compare Fr faire la barbe, Ger. die Haare machen).

observe, celebrate, religious festival, for example pass-over Exodus 12:47, Exodus 12:48; Numbers 9:4, Numbers 9:8, Numbers 9:13; Joshua 5:10, also (+ לי׳) Exodus 12:48 Numbers 9:10, Numbers 9:14 (all P), Deuteronomy 16:1 +; sabbath Exodus 31:16; Deuteronomy 5:15; feast of weeks Deuteronomy 16:10, booths Deuteronomy 16:13, Purim Esther 9:21, Esther 9:27, etc.

acquire property of various kinds (compare ‘make money’) Genesis 12:5; Genesis 31:1; Isaiah 15:7; Jeremiah 17:11; Jeremiah 48:36; Deuteronomy 8:18; Ezekiel 22:13; Ezekiel 28:4^(×2); Ezekiel 38:12; II Chronicles 32:29; Ecclesiastes 2:8; + ל reflex. Deuteronomy 8:17; II Samuel 15:1; I Kings 1:5; of fruits from vineyards, etc. Psalms 107:37.

appoint priests I Kings 12:31; I Kings 13:33; II Chronicles 2:17 (all + מִן source), a feast I Kings 12:32, I Kings 12:33 (+ ל person); ordain a sacrifice Numbers 28:6, a festal day Psalms 118:24; institute, אוֹב וְיִדְּעֹנִי ghost and familiar spirit II Kings 21:6 = II Chronicles 33:6 (compare Driver Deuteronomy 18:11).

bring about, of י׳’s effecting a deliverance Exodus 14:13 (לָכֶם), I Samuel 11:13; II Samuel 23:10 (ins. also ‖ I Chronicles 11:13 Driver), v I Chronicles 11:12; cause, followed by cl. c. שֶׁ Ecclesiastes 3:14.

use, וְע׳ לִמְלַאכְתּוֹ I Samuel 8:16; passive Exodus 38:24

spend, pass, days of life Ecclesiastes 6:12.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נַעֲשָׂה Judges 16:11 +; 3rd feminine singular נֶעֶשְׂתָה II Samuel 17:23 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יֵעָשֶׂה Genesis 29:26 +, 3rd feminine singular c. ו subord. וְתֵעָשׂ Esther 5:6; Esther 7:2; Esther 9:12 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 109 f), etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct הֵעָשׂוֹת Esther 9:1, Esther 9:14, etc.; participle (בינוני) נַעֲשֶׂה Nehemiah 5:18, etc.;—

be done (passive of Qal I 1):

subj. מְלָאכָה Judges 16:11 (c. ב instr.), Nehemiah 6:16 (c. מֵאֵת אֱלֹהִים), v Nehemiah 6:9 Exodus 12:16 + 4 times; subj. om. Ezekiel 44:14, indef. Esther 4:1; c. כֵּן Esther 9:14; be done, כַּתּוֹרָה Ezra 10:3; be committed, of offence, Deuteronomy 13:15; Numbers 15:24; Ecclesiastes 4:1 + 3 times; c. neg. not (yet) done, that is future Isaiah 46:10; be accomplished, performed, fulfilled Ezekiel 12:25, Ezekiel 12:28; Daniel 11:36; Esther 5:5; Esther 7:2; Esther 9:12; be executed, carried out, of sentence Ecclesiastes 8:11, decree Esther 9:1; be followed, of counsel II Samuel 17:23; nearly = occur Ecclesiastes 1:9^(×2), Ecclesiastes 1:13; Ecclesiastes 9:3, Ecclesiastes 9:6, subj. מַעֲשֶׂה Ecclesiastes 1:14; Ecclesiastes 2:17; Ecclesiastes 4:3; Ecclesiastes 8:9, Ecclesiastes 9:17, subj. הֶבֶל v Ecclesiastes 9:14, עִנְיָן v Ecclesiastes 9:15.

future (עתיד) c. neg., is (are) not done, not according to usage, of flagrant offences Genesis 20:9, Genesis 29:26 (c.כֵּן), Genesis 34:7 (both J), II Samuel 13:12 (כֵּן); hence not to be done, forbidden by י׳ Leviticus 4:2, Leviticus 4:13, Leviticus 4:22, Leviticus 4:27; Leviticus 5:17.

be done to, c. ל of animal I Samuel 11:7 (כֹּה); ל person Exodus 2:4 Exodus 21:31 (E; כַּמִּשְׁפָּט), Isaiah 3:11; Jeremiah 5:13 (כֹּה), Leviticus 24:19 (H; כֵּן), Numbers 15:34 + 8 times; be done for, ל person Judges 11:37; Esther 6:3, עִם pers v Esther 6:3; ל rei Numbers 15:11 (כָּכָה).

be done upon, against (ב) Daniel 9:12.

(passive of Qal II):

be made, of concr. things I Kings 10:20 = II Chronicles 9:19 (throne), Jeremiah 3:16 (ark), II Kings 12:14; Ezekiel 43:18; Exodus 25:31; Numbers 4:26; with a direct object mat. Leviticus 2:7.

be produced from (מִן) vine Numbers 6:4.

be prepared, of food Exodus 12:16; Leviticus 6:14; Leviticus 7:9 (all P), Nehemiah 5:18^(×2).

be offered, מִנְחָה Leviticus 2:8, Leviticus 2:11, kid Numbers 28:15, Numbers 28:24.

be observed, passover II Kings 23:22, II Kings 23:23 (ל dei) = II Chronicles 35:18, II Chronicles 35:19; Purim Esther 9:28.

be used + ל rei Leviticus 7:24; Leviticus 13:51, Ezekiel 15:5^(×2); compare Exodus 38:24; I Samuel 8:16.

past (עבר) 1st singular עֻשֵּׂיתִי Psalms 139:15 I was made.

עֲשָׂהאֵל

n.pr.m. Ασαηλ, SeptuagintL Ασσαηλ (on this and following cf אֶלְעָשָׂה);—

brother of Joab and Abishai II Samuel 2:18^(×2) + 7 times 2, + II Samuel 3:27, II Samuel 3:30; II Samuel 23:24; I Chronicles 2:16; I Chronicles 11:26; I Chronicles 27:7.

Levites:

II Chronicles 17:8 (Ιασειηλ, Ασιηλ).

II Chronicles 31:13.

post-exil. name Ezra 10:15.

עֲשִׂיאֵל

n.pr.m. Simeonite I Chronicles 4:35, Ασιηλ.

עֲשָׂיָה

n.pr.m. Ασαιας, etc.; SeptuagintL in Kgs. Αζαριας;—

servant of Josiah II Kings 22:12, II Kings 22:14 = II Chronicles 34:20.

Simeonite I Chronicles 4:36.

Levites:

I Chronicles 6:15; I Chronicles 15:6, I Chronicles 15:11.

I Chronicles 9:5.

עָשָׂה²

verb

press, squeeze (Mishnaic Hebrew עִשָּׂה Pi. compel; Targum עַסִּי Pa. crush, gnash (teeth); compare Arabic غَشِىَ compress a woman);—past (עבר) 3rd plural עִשּׂוּ דַּדֵּי בְּתוּלִים Ezekiel 23:3, Ezekiel 23:8 (unchaste act); infinitive (מקור) construct בַּעֲשׂוֹת … דַּדַּיִךְ v Ezekiel 23:21 read Pi. בְּעַשּׂוֹת (Ewald Co Toy, al.).

עֵשָׂו

n.pr.m. Esau, Ησαυ;—Esau, elder son of Isaac Genesis 25:25, Genesis 25:26 + 7 times Genesis 25:25, Genesis 26:34; Genesis 27:1 + 24 times 27, 28; Genesis 32:4 + 15 times Genesis 32, Genesis 33, Genesis 35; Joshua 24:4^(×2) Malachi 1:2, Malachi 1:3; I Chronicles 1:34; identif. with אֱדוֹם Genesis 36:1, Genesis 36:8, Genesis 36:19, ancestor of Edomites v Genesis 36:9, Genesis 36:43, compare I Chronicles 1:35; dwelling in Mt. Seir Genesis 36:8 (25 times in all, Genesis 36) Deuteronomy 2:5; Joshua 24:4; בְּנֵי עֵשָׂו = Edomites Deuteronomy 2:4, Deuteronomy 2:8, Deuteronomy 2:12, Deuteronomy 2:22, Deuteronomy 2:29; עֵשָׂו = Edom Jeremiah 49:8; Obadiah 1:6, בֵּית עֵשָׂו v Obadiah 1:18^(×2), הַר עֵשָׂו v Obadiah 1:8, Obadiah 1:9, Obadiah 1:19, Obadiah 1:21.

עֵ֫שֶׂק

n.pr.font. in SW. Pal. Genesis 26:20 (expl. as contention);—locality unknown, Septuagint Ἀδικία.

עֶשֶׂר

noun (masc.) and f. ten (Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; perhaps MI ³³ עשרֿ; Phoenician עשר, עסר, עשרת, etc.; Arabic عَشْرٌ, عَشَرَةٌ; Sab. עשר SabDenkm^{Noldeke. 11 b, l, 5, 6}, עשרת and cpds. Hom^{Chrest. 48}; Ethiopic ዐሥሩ: ዐሠርቱ; Assyrian ešru; Targum עֲסַר, עַסְרָא; עֲשַׂר, עַשְׂרָא; Syriac ܥܣܰܪ, ܥܶܣܪܳܐ; Nab. עשר, all = ten; Palmyrene עשרתא the Ten (rulers));—m. (c. noun (fem.)) עֶ֫שֶׂר II Samuel 15:16 + 53 times (absolute and construct usually indistinguishable); עָ֑שֶׂר I Kings 7:43; I Chronicles 6:46; f. (c. noun (masc.)): absolute עֲשָׂרָה Genesis 24:10 + 69 times; construct (probably) עֲשֶׂ֫רֶת I Samuel 17:18 + 46 times; f.plural עֲשָׂרֹת Exodus 18:21 + 2 times;—on plural עֶשְׂרִים, 20, see below;—

a ten, only f.plural tens in phr. שָׂרֵי ע׳ captains of tens Exodus 18:21, Exodus 18:25, Deuteronomy 1:15.

ten, enumerating person or things, usually without other num.:

עֶ֫שֶׂר bef. noun (fem.)plural, Genesis 45:23 + 43 times; after n. †I Kings 7:27, I Kings 7:43 + late passages Joshua 15:57; Joshua 21:5, Joshua 21:26 (all P), I Chronicles 6:46; II Chronicles 4:7; bef. בָּאַמָּה = ten cubits †I Kings 6:3, I Kings 6:25, I Kings 6:26; I Kings 7:23, I Kings 7:24.

עֲשָׂרָה bef. noun (masc.)plural, Genesis 45:23 + 25 times (incl. ע׳ אֲלָפִים = 10,000 II Samuel 18:3; II Kings 24:14 Kt, עֲשֶׂרֶת Qr); bef. n. coll. בָּקָר I Kings 5:3, רֶכֶב II Kings 13:7; also ע׳ לֶתֶם הַזֶּה I Samuel 17:17 these ten loaves, compare I Kings 14:3; ע׳ אֶלֶף Ezekiel 45:1 read עֶשְׂרִים א׳ Septuagint Hitzig Co Berthol Toy; after noun (masc.)plural †Genesis 32:16^(×2); Genesis 43:3 (all E), Joshua 17:5, Numbers 29:23, I Kings 7:43; II Chronicles 4:6, II Chronicles 4:8; Daniel 1:12, Daniel 1:14, Daniel 1:15 †; after n. coll. צֹאן II Chronicles 30:24; n. om., sc. men, †Genesis 18:32 Amos 5:3; Ezra 8:4; sc. shekels (weight) Genesis 24:22 Numbers 7:14 + 13 times Numbers 7 (ע׳ זָהָב); ע׳ כֶסֶף (sc. shekels, value) II Samuel 18:11; sc. measures (of grain) Haggai 2:16; c. art. the ten Genesis 18:32 (J; sc. men), Nehemiah 11:1 (the same = every ten); as pred. Exodus 27:12^(×2) = Exodus 38:12^(×2) (all P)†.

עֲשֶׂ֫רֶת bef. noun (masc.)plural Exodus 34:28 + 18 times, + כַּעֲשֶׂרֶת הַיָּמִים I Samuel 25:38 (on art. compare Weir in Driver, but doubtful; probably om., so Septuagint Wellhausen Budde), + ע׳ אֲלָפִים = 10,000 Judges 1:4 + 26 times; n. om. ע׳ כֶּסֶף (sc. shekels) Judges 17:10.

rarely + other num.:

עֶשֶׂר after larger num., מֵאָה וָע׳ שָׁנִים Genesis 50:22, Genesis 50:26; Joshua 24:29 (all E), Judges 2:8.

ע׳ before larger num. עֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים וּתְשַׁע מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה Genesis 5:14.

עֲשָׂרָה after larger num., מֵאָה וַעֲשָׂרָה הַזְּכָרִים Ezra 8:12, compare (n. preceding) Ezra 1:10.

עֲשָׂרָה after smaller num., שִׁבְעָה שְׁקָלִים וַעֲשָׂרָה הַכָּ֑סֶף Jeremiah 32:9 = seventeen shekels; before smaller num. + n. singular עֲשָׂרָה וַחֲמִשָּׁה שֶׁקֶל Ezekiel 45:12, but read חֲמִשִּׁים, joining עֲשָׂרָה to preceding, Septuagint (Alexandrinus) Hitzig Co al.

עָשָׂר

n. ten, only after units to make num. 11–19, both cardinal and ordinal; עֶשְׂרֵה c. noun (fem.), עָשָׂר c. noun (masc.), thus:

eleven:

אַחַד עָשָׂר (c. noun (masc.)) Genesis 32:23 + 2 times.

אַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה (c. noun (fem.)) II Kings 23:36 + 7 times; also = eleventh I Kings 6:38 II Kings 9:29.

עַשְׁתֵּי עָשָׂר (c. noun (masc.)) Numbers 29:20; ord. Deuteronomy 1:3 + 7 times.

עַשְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרֵה (c. noun (fem.)) Exodus 26:7 + 4 times; ord. Jeremiah 1:3 + 4 times.

twelve:

שְׁנֵי(ם) עָשָׂר (c. noun (masc.)) Genesis 35:22 + 80 times; ord. I Kings 19:19 + 12 times

שְׁתֵּי(ם) עֶשְׂרֵה (c. noun (fem.)) Exodus 24:4 + 31 times; ord. II Kings 8:25 + 6 times.

thirteen:

שְׁלשָׁה עָשָׂר (c. noun (masc.)) Numbers 29:14 + 2 times; ord. Esther 3:12 + 7 times.

שְׁלשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה (c. noun (fem.)) I Kings 7:1 + 9 times; ord. Genesis 14:4 + 2 times.

fourteen:

אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר Genesis 46:22 + 13 times; ord. Exodus 12:6 + 17 times.

אַרְבַּע עֶשְׂרֵה Genesis 31:41 + 5 times; ord. II Kings 18:13 + 3 times.

fifteen:

חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר Hosea 3:2 + 3 times; ord. Exodus 16:1 + 14 times.

חֲמֵשֶׁת עָשָׂר Judges 8:10; II Samuel 19:18.

חֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה II Kings 14:17 + 9 times; ord. †II Kings 14:23; II Chronicles 15:10.—Vid. also עֶשֶׂר 3 d.

sixteen:

שִׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר Exodus 26:25 + 6 times; ord. I Chronicles 24:14 + 2 times.

שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה Genesis 46:18 + 13 times.

seventeen:

שִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר I Chronicles 7:11 + 2 times; ord. Genesis 7:11 + 3 times.

שְׁבַע עֶשְׂרֵה Genesis 37:2 + 4 times; ord. I Kings 22:52; II Kings 16:1.—Vid. also עֶשֶׂר 3 d.

eighteen:

עָשָׂר (שְׁמֹנַת) שְׁמֹנָה Genesis 14:4 + 10 times; ord. †I Chronicles 24:15; I Chronicles 25:25.

שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה Judges 3:14 + 6 times; ord. I Kings 15:1 + 8 times.

nineteen:

תִּשְׁעָה עָשָׂר II Samuel 2:30; ord. I Chronicles 24:16; I Chronicles 25:26.

תְּשַׁע עֶשְׂרֵה Genesis 11:25; Joshua 19:38; ord. II Kings 25:8 = Jeremiah 52:12. These num. usually take singular of the nouns most often used, שָׁנָה, יוֹם, חֹדֶשׁ, compare (sometimes) אִישׁ, אַמָּה, etc.; otherwise plural; rarely (late usage) they follow noun, which is then usually plural, for example Numbers 29:30; Joshua 15:51, Ezra 8:35^(×2;) Esther 3:13; Esther 8:5, etc. (even שָׁנִים שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה Nehemiah 5:14), but שָׁנָה precedes ordinal I Kings 6:38, שְׁנַת I Kings 15:1 + 8 times, so יוֹם (c. ord.) II Chronicles 29:17 + 5 times Esther 9; also יוֹם and שָׁנָה (שְׁנַת) both precede and following ordinal Numbers 7:72, Numbers 7:78; II Kings 8:25; II Kings 9:29; II Kings 14:23; II Kings 16:1; Jeremiah 32:1; II Kings 25:8 = Jeremiah 52:12.—Vid. also Konig^{ii. 1, 211 ff.} Davidson^{Synt. § 37 a, also R. 1, 2} Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) §§ 92 d, e, 134, and especially Herner^{Synt. d. Zahlwörter im AT (1893)}; on form in ה—ֵ (prob for י—ַ), Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 110 Konig^{ii. 1, 427} W^{SG 138}.

עָשַׂר

verb denom. take the tenth of, tithe;—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַעְשֹׂר I Samuel 8:15, I Samuel 8:17 (with a direct object of thing tithed).

future (עתיד) + infinitive (מקור) absolute give a tenth of, with a direct object rei: 2nd masculine singular עַשֵּׂר תְּעַשֵּׂר Deuteronomy 14:22; 1st singular עַשֵּׂר אֲעַשְּׂרֶנּוּ לָ֑ךְ Genesis 28:22; participle (בינוני) taking the tenth, הַמְעַשְּׂרִים Nehemiah 10:38.

(so usually expl.) infinitive (מקור) לַעְשֵׂר Deuteronomy 26:12 with a direct object cogn. that is taking, reckoning, tithe, but infinitive (מקור) construct with—ֵ improb., < read לְעַשֵּׂר Pi.; בַּעְשֵׂר Nehemiah 10:39 absolute, that is receiving tithes, but read probably בַּעְשֹׂר Qal (on anom. points, see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 53 k Driver Deuteronomy 26:12).

עָשׂוֹר

and (Exodus 12:3) עָשֹׂר n.[m.] a ten, decade;—

usually of days:

a period of ten days Genesis 24:55.

in phr., לַחֹדֶשׁ (עָשׂר) בֶּעָשׂוֹר on the tenth day of the month Leviticus 25:9, Ezekiel 20:1; Ezekiel 24:1; Ezekiel 40:1; Exodus 12:3; Leviticus 16:29; Leviticus 23:27; Numbers 29:7; Joshua 4:19 (all P), II Kings 25:1 = Jeremiah 52:4, Jeremiah 52:12 (seventh day in ‖ II Kings 25:8).

of strings of instr.: נֵבֶל ע׳ harp, a ten (-stringed one) Psalms 33:2; Psalms 144:9; ע׳ alone Psalms 92:4 upon a ten (-stringed instrument).

עֶשְׂרִים

n.pluralindecl. (a) twenty (ancient plural of עֶשֶׂר Prä^{BAS i. 376}; Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Arabic عِشْرُونَ; Assyrian ešrâ; Sab. עשרי Hom^{Chrest. 48}; Ethiopic ዕሥራ: Aramaic עשרין, ܥܶܣܪܝܺܢ; Nab. עשרין);—

as cardinal:

without other num.:

usually followed by n.s. (especially שָׁנָה, אִישׁ, אַמָּה, etc.) Genesis 31:38 I Samuel 14:14 Exodus 38:18 + 64 times, + עֶשְׂרִים אֶלֶף 20,000 I Chronicles 18:4 + 7 times + Ezekiel 45:1 (reading עֶשְׂרִים אָ֑לֶף, see עֶשֶׂר 2 b).

followed by n.plural II Samuel 3:20; Exodus 36:23, Exodus 36:24, Exodus 36:25 + 4 times.

followed by n.s. coll. I Kings 5:3.

n.plural precedes Genesis 32:15^(×2), Genesis 32:16; II Chronicles 3:3 + 6 times

n. om. Genesis 18:31^(×2) (הָע׳), I Kings 6:2 + 6 times, as pred. Exodus 27:10^(×2), Exodus 27:11^(×2) + 4 times.

+ בָּאַמָּה Zechariah 5:2.

+ other num.:

c. units, usually 20 + (c. וְ) unit + n.s. Judges 10:2, Judges 10:3 I Kings 14:20 + 58 times (incl. 20 + 1 × 1000, etc., 27 times); n. om. Joshua 15:32 + 2 times pred.; less often unit + 20 + n.s. Genesis 11:24 Exodus 38:24 Numbers 8:24 (all P) + 27 times; unit + 20 + בָּאַמָּה Ezekiel 40:21 Exodus 26:2; Exodus 36:9 (both P).

20 + unit + n.plural Numbers 7:8^(×2), I Chronicles 2:22 + 3 times Chr.

n.plural + 20 + unit Joshua 19:30 I Chronicles 12:29 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:28).

c. hundreds, 20 usually following; followed by n.s. I Kings 9:14 Genesis 6:3 Deuteronomy 31:2 + 7 times; n. om. II Chronicles 3:4 Ezra 2:32 = Nehemiah 7:34; Nehemiah 7:20 + 100 (n. om.) Numbers 7:86.

n.plural + 100 + 20 I Chronicles 15:5, I Chronicles 15:6;—compare further מֵאָה.

as ordinal:

20 alone, בִּשְׁנַת ע׳ in the twentieth year I Kings 15:9 + 4 times; n. om. Numbers 10:11 + 3 times.

20 + unit + ns. Ezekiel 29:17; Ezekiel 40:1.

ns. + 20 + unit Haggai 1:15; II Chronicles 7:10 +; ns. + unit + 20 Exodus 12:8; בִּשְׁנַת + 20 + unit I Kings 16:10, etc.—Vid. reff. sub עֶשֶׂר.

עֲשִׂירִי

m., עֲשִׂירִיָּה, and עֲשִׂירִית₈ f. adjective num. ord. tenth;—

דּוֹר עֲשִׂירִי Deuteronomy 23:3, Deuteronomy 23:4; בַּיּוֹם הָע׳ Numbers 7:66; הַחֹדֶשׁ הָע׳ Genesis 8:5 Ezekiel 24:1 + 5 times; בַּחֹדֶשׁ הָעֲשִׂרִי Jeremiah 39:1; ח׳ om. הָעֲשִׂירִי Genesis 8:5, בָּעֲשִׂרִי Ezekiel 29:1; Ezekiel 33:21; other nouns om. הָעֲשִׂירִי I Chronicles 12:13; I Chronicles 25:17; I Chronicles 27:13, הָעֲשִׂרִי I Chronicles 24:11; בַּשָּׁנָה הָעֲשִׂרִית Ezekiel 29:1, בַּשּׁ׳ הָעֲשִׂרִית Jeremiah 32:1.

as noun a tenth part: f. absolute עֲשִׂרִיָּה Isaiah 6:13; f. construct עֲשִׂירִית הָאֵיפָה Numbers 28:5, עֲשִׂרִית Exodus 16:36, עֲשִׂירִת Leviticus 5:11; Leviticus 6:13; Numbers 5:15; עֲשִׂירִת הַחֹמֶר Ezekiel 45:11; m. absolute הָעֲשִׂירִי Leviticus 27:32 the tithe (that is of cattle, etc.).

עָשׁ

Job 9:9 probably error for עישׁ, see עַיִשׁ.

עָשׁ²

see עשׁשׁ.

עָשָׁן

noun (masc.) Exodus 19:18 smoke;—absolute ע׳ Judges 20:38 +, construct עֲשַׁן Joshua 8:20, Joshua 8:21; עֶ֫שֶׁן Exodus 19:18; with suffix עֲשָׁנוֹ Exodus 19:18, עֲשָׁנָהּ Isaiah 34:10;—

of burning city Joshua 8:20, Joshua 8:21; Judges 20:38, Judges 20:40, compare Nahum 2:14; heralding a foe Isaiah 14:31.

in figuratively of destruction of Isr. Isaiah 9:17, Edom Isaiah 34:10.

sim. of dust-cloud Song of Songs 3:6; of transitoriness Hosea 13:3 Isaiah 51:6 Psalms 37:20 (reading בֶּע׳, as Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate), Psalms 68:3; Psalms 102:4; sim. of the unpleasant, Proverbs 10:26.

breath of crocodile Job 41:12.

attending theoph., תַּנּוּר ע׳ Genesis 15:17; of mt. Exodus 19:18, compare sim. כְּע׳ הַכִּבְשָׁן v Exodus 19:18; Isaiah 6:4, also Isaiah 4:5 Joel 3:3.

of God’s anger, ע׳ בְּאַפּוֹ II Samuel 22:9 = Psalms 18:9; so probably also Isaiah 65:5.

עָשַׁן

verb denom. smoke, be wroth;—

smoke, past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ע׳ of mt. Exodus 19:18, so future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יֶעֱשָׁ֑נוּ (at touch of י׳) Psalms 104:32; Psalms 144:5.

figuratively, 3rd masculine singular יֶעְשַׁן אַף־י׳, c. ב against, Deuteronomy 29:19 Psalms 74:1. Hence

subj. person, fume, that is be wroth, past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular עָשַׁנְתָּ בּ׳ Psalms 80:5.

עָשֵׁן

adjective smoking;—ע׳ of mt. Exodus 20:15 (Gi v Exodus 20:13); plural הָאוּדִים הָעֲשֵׁנִים Isaiah 7:4 the smoking firebrands (dying out; in figuratively).

עָשָׁן²

n.pr.location in Shephelah of Judah Joshua 15:42, in Simeon according to Joshua 19:7; I Chronicles 4:32, Levit. city I Chronicles 6:44; Ασαν, etc.; = בּוֹר עָשָׁן, q.see p. 92 above

עָשַׁק

verb oppress, wrong, extort (Targum עֲשַׁק = Biblical Hebrew, so Old Aramaic עשק; Syriac ܥܫܰܩ accuse, slander; Assyrian adjective ešḳu, strong; Arabic عَسَقٌ roughness, injustice);—

past (עבר) ע׳ Leviticus 5:21; Ezekiel 18:18; 2nd masculine singular with suffix עֲשַׁקְתָּ֫נוּ I Samuel 12:4, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix יַעַשְׁקֻנִי Psalms 119:122; 2nd masculine singular תַּעֲשֹׁק Leviticus 19:13 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct עֲשֹׁק Hosea 12:8, with suffix עָשְׁקָם I Chronicles 16:21 Psalms 105:14; participle (בינוני) active עֹשֵׁק Proverbs 14:31 +, fpl. הָעשְׁקוֹת Amos 4:1, etc.; passive עָשׁוּק Deuteronomy 28:29 +, etc.;—

oppress, wrong (often by extortion, ‖ גָּזַל), with a direct object person I Samuel 12:3, I Samuel 12:4 Micah 2:2 Leviticus 5:21; Leviticus 19:13; especially the poor and helpless Amos 4:1 Deuteronomy 24:14 Jeremiah 7:6 Ezekiel 22:29 Zechariah 7:10 Proverbs 14:31; Proverbs 22:16; Proverbs 28:3 Ecclesiastes 4:1; also with a direct object cogn. ע׳ עשֶׁק (וְ)גָזַל גָּזֵל Ezekiel 18:18 practise extortion, Ezekiel 22:29, take by extortion Leviticus 5:23 and (with a direct object rei) Malachi 3:5; absolute Hosea 12:8 practise extortion; Job 10:3 deal tyrannically (of God); pt. oppressor, extortioner Jeremiah 21:12 Psalms 72:4 Ecclesiastes 4:1; pt. passive as noun the oppressed Psalms 103:6; Psalms 146:7.

oppress a nation Isaiah 52:4, compare Psalms 105:14 = I Chronicles 16:21, Psalms 119:122, pt. active oppressor v Psalms 119:121, pt. passive oppressed Jeremiah 50:33, in predict. ע׳ וְגָזוּל Deuteronomy 28:29, ע׳ וְרָצוּץ v Deuteronomy 28:33 Hosea 5:11.

doubtful are: יַעְשֹׁק נָהָר Job 40:23 a river oppresses him, that is rushes violently upon him (sc.; the hippopot.; Duhm יָשֹׁק, from שׁוּק; > Gunk Budde יִשְׁקַע fails, sinks); עָשֻׁק בְּדַם נֶפֶשׁ Proverbs 28:17 oppressed (? burdened) with the blood of a person.

participle (בינוני) f. הַמְּעֻשָּׁקָה Isaiah 23:12 crushed (of conquered Sidon under figuratively of woman).

עֹ֫שֶׁק

noun (masc.) Ecclesiastes 7:7 oppression, extortion;—ע׳ absolute Jeremiah 6:6 +, construct Psalms 119:134 Ecclesiastes 5:7;—

Jeremiah 6:6; Jeremiah 22:17; Ezekiel 22:7, Ezekiel 22:12 Psalms 73:8; c. genit. subj. Psalms 119:134, obj. Ecclesiastes 5:7; as direct object cogn. c. עָשַׁק (q.see) Ezekiel 18:18; Ezekiel 22:29.

national oppression, Isaiah 54:14.

concr., gain of extortion Psalms 62:11, so perhaps Ecclesiastes 7:7; as direct object cogn. Leviticus 5:23 (‖ גָּזֵל).—Isaiah 30:12; Isaiah 59:13 read עִקֵּשׁ Lagarde Gratz al.

עֵ֫שֶׁק

n.pr.m. Benjamite I Chronicles 8:39, Ασηλ, Ασεκ.

עָשְׁקָה

noun (fem.) oppression, distress;—עָֽשְׁקָה־לִי Isaiah 38:14 (compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) §§ 9 v, 48 i) oppression to me! = I am oppressed, distressed.

עָשׁוֹק

n.[m.] oppressor, extortioner;—Jeremiah 22:3 (= עֹשֵׁק Jeremiah 21:12).

עֲשׁוּקִים

n.pluralabstr. oppression, extortion;—ע׳ Amos 3:9; Job 35:9, עֲשֻׁקִים Ecclesiastes 4:1.

עֹ֫שֶׁר

noun (masc.) I Samuel 18:17, I Samuel 18:25 riches;—ע׳ absolute Genesis 31:16 + 27 times, construct Esther 1:4; with suffix עָשְׁרוֹ Jeremiah 9:22 + 5 times, עָשְׁרָם Psalms 49:7 Proverbs 14:24; + (or ‖) כָּבוֹד I Kings 3:13 Proverbs 3:16 + 9 times; עָשָׂה ע׳ Jeremiah 17:11, compare Eng. ‘make money.’

עָשִׁיר

adjective et n. rich;—absolute ע׳ Exodus 30:15 + 19 times; plural absolute עֲשִׁירִים Ecclesiastes 10:6; construct עֲשִׁירֵי Psalms 45:13; with suffix עֲשִׁירֶיהָ Micah 6:12;—adjectivem. II Samuel 12:1, II Samuel 12:4 (opposite רָאשׁ), Ruth 3:10 (opposite דַּל); usually noun (masc.) the rich, opposite דִּל Proverbs 10:15 + 3 times; opposite רָשׁ II Samuel 12:2; Proverbs 14:20 + 4 times; opposite אֶבְיוֹן Psalms 49:3; alone Jeremiah 9:22 Micah 6:12 + 5 times, + עֲשִׁירֵי עָם Psalms 45:13; ע׳ Isaiah 53:9 is probably crpt., compare ‖ רְשָׁעִים; Böttcher Ry Dillmann-Kittel עֹשֵׂי רַע; Krochm Gratz Cheyne^Haupt conjunction רְשָׁעִים for ע׳, and פֹּשְׁעִים for ר׳.

עָשׁ³

noun (masc.)^{Isaiah 50:9} moth (as waster, consumer);—ע׳ absolute, Hosea 5:12 (‖ רָקָב), Isaiah 50:9; Isaiah 51:8; in sim. Psalms 39:12; כְּבֶגֶד אֲכָלוֹ עָשׁ Job 13:28; symbol of fragility Job 4:19.—Job 27:18 read probably עַכָּבִישׁ q.see

עֶ֫שֶׁת

n.[m.] plate (as smooth, shiny? Mishnaic Hebrew the same, lump or bar of metal);—construct ע׳ שֵׁן Song of Songs 5:14 a plate of ivory (Löw in Buhl ^Lex Budde).

עָשׁוֹת

adjective smooth?—only בַּרְזֶל ע׳ Ezekiel 27:19 as merchandise of Tyre; Co עָשׁוּת, that is pt. passive, from √ עשׁת forge, or work skilfully; Toy iron skilfully wrought; all dubious.

עַשְׁתֵּי

n.num. one (Assyrian išten, one; išten ešrit, eleven; Delitzsch's Assyrian Grammar § 75, TelAm. [iš-]tit, first time; see Gie^{journal ZAW i (1881), 226} Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 97 e Konig^{ii. 1, 212} and reff.);—only + עָשָׂר, עֶשְׂרֵה (q.see) = eleven, eleventh, Jeremiah 1:3; Jeremiah 39:2 = Jeremiah 52:5 = II Kings 25:2, Ezekiel 26:1; Ezekiel 40:9; Zechariah 1:7; Exodus 26:7, Exodus 26:8; Exodus 36:14, Exodus 36:15; Numbers 7:72; Numbers 29:20 (all P), Deuteronomy 1:3; I Chronicles 12:13; I Chronicles 24:12; I Chronicles 25:18; I Chronicles 27:14.

עַשְׁתֹּ֫רֶת

n.pr.deae. ʿAštōreth, < ʿAštart, ʿAštéreth (see below) (MI¹⁷ עשתר כמש; Phoenician עשתרת (+ often in n. pr.), n. pr. עבד עשתר Cook^{Acad. Jan. 18, 1896} Sab. n. pr. dei עתֿתר see especially Os^{ZMG xx (1866), 279 f.} DHM ^{ib. xxxvii (1883), 376} Fell^{Sab. Götternamen, ZMG liv (1900), 231 ff., especially 237 ff.}; Assyrian Ištar; Old Aramaic Palmyrene עתר (= עתֿתר) in n. pr.; in Egyptian ʿastirati WMM^{As. u. Eur. 313}; Gk. Ἀστάρτη; on other Gk. equivalents (for example Ἀφροδίτη) compare Lewy^{Fremdw. 148, 186 f. 250});——ֶֹ probably artificial, to suggest בֹּשֶׁת, orig. -תַּרְתְּ, -תֶּרֶת, compare Ištar, Ασταρτη, etc.; ע׳ I Kings 11:5 + 2 times; plural -תָּרוֹת Judges 2:13 + 3 times + -רֹת I Samuel 7:4; I Samuel 31:10 read probably singular (Driver al.);—ʿAštart, ʿAštereth (Ασταρτη, plural Ασταρται, but Judges 10:6; I Samuel 7:4 Ασταρωθ), ancient Sem. goddess (with male counterpart in Moab., Sab. and appar. Phoenician); Phoenician diety, עשׁתרת אֱלֹהֵי צִדֹנִים I Kings 11:5, I Kings 11:33, ע׳ שִׁקֻּץ צ׳ II Kings 23:13; so probably בֵּית ע׳ I Samuel 31:10 (reading singular; see especially Driver); elsewhere plural, of various local goddesses, called עַשְׁתָּרוֹת (compare Assyrian ilâni u ištarat = gods and Ištars (that is goddesses), usually + בעל(ים), as Canaanitish deities Judges 2:13; Judges 10:6; I Samuel 7:4; I Samuel 12:10; ‖ אֱלֹהֵי הַנֵּכָר I Samuel 7:3.—Vid. especially Driver ^Ashtoreth in Hast^DB; on Ištar Jastr^{Rel. Bab. passive especially 202 f.}; on ʿAthtar Bae^{Rel. 117 f.}; on Phoenician ʿAštart Pietschm^{Gesch. Phön. 184 f.}; on ʿAshtoreth Barton^{JBL x (1891), 73 ff.} GFM^{Ency. Bib.}

עַשְׁתָּרוֹת

see foregoing.

עַשְׁתָּרוֹת²

n.pluralf. only construct in phr. עַשְׁתְּר(וֹ)ת צֹאנֶ֑ךָ ^{Dt 7:13}; Deuteronomy 28:4, Deuteronomy 28:18, Deuteronomy 28:51 (all ‖ שְׁגַר אֲלָפֶיךָ) usually interpr. either as

= ewes (Gesenius' Thesaurus) or as

= young (compare veneres gregis; in either case with ref. to ʿAštart as goddess of fecundity; Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 292, 457 f., 2nd ed. 310, 476 f.}, adopting b, thinks one type of ʿAšt. in Canaan had form of sheep, so Driver Deuteronomy 7:13); compare also عَثَّرِى as name of land fertilized by dew and rain Wellhausen^{Skizzen iii. 170}.

עַשְׁתָּרוֹת³

n.pr.location Ασταρωθ, etc., E. of Jordan (name from worship of diff. forms of ʿAštart; in Egyptian ʿastiratu, as E. Jordan location WMM^{As. u. Eur. 162, 313}; compare TelAm. n. pr. location Aštarti);—in Bashan (near Edrei) Deuteronomy 1:4 (-רֹת), Joshua 12:4; Joshua 13:12, Joshua 13:31 (all + אֶדְרֶ֑עִי), Joshua 9:10; I Chronicles 6:56 = בְּעֶשְׁתְּרָה (that is בֵּית עַשְׁתָּרָה) Joshua 21:27; also עַשְׁתְּרֹת קַרְנַיִם Genesis 14:5 (Septuagint Ασταρωθ Καρναιν, compare GFM^{JBL xvi (1897), 155 f.} who expl. name as ʿAshtereth of the two-peaked mt.); compare further, קַרְנַיִם Amos 6:13;—site probably either Tel ʿAštara, 21 miles E. of Sea of Galilee, or Muzeirib, 8 miles further S.; poss. both occur in OT; compare especially Driver ^Ashtaroth in Hast^DB Dillmann ^{Gn 14:5} Buhl^{Geogr. 248 ff.} GASm^{Ency. Bib. 335 f.}

עֵת²

עָתִיד

[עָתוּד] adjective ready, prepared;—

absolute עָתִיד לַכִּידוֹר Job 15:24 a king ready for the onset; plural עֲתִדִים לַיּוֹם Esther 3:14 ready for the day, so Esther 8:13 Qr (Kt עתודים).

ready = skilled הָעֲתִידִים עֹרֵר Job 3:8 those skilled in rousing Leviathan.

prepared = impending (compare Mishnaic Hebrew = future), fpl. וְחָשׁ עֲתִדֹת Deuteronomy 32:35 the impending things are hastening (‖ קָרוֹב יוֹם אֵידָם).

prepared = stored up, ועתידתיהם Isaiah 10:13 Kt (Qr וַעֲתוּדֹתֵיהֶם, to differentiate it from above) and their stores have I plundered.

עַתָּה

see עֵת sub I. ענה.

עֲתָיָה

n.pr.m. Nehemiah 11:4, Αθεα, SeptuagintL Αθαρασθας (very doubtful); = עוּתַי I Chronicles 9:4.

עֲתַלְיָ֫ה(וּ)

n.pr.f. et m. (? י׳ is exalted);—

f. Athaliah, daughter of Ahab and Jezebel, mother of Ahaziah king of Judah, Γοθολια: -יָתוּ II Kings 8:26; II Kings 11:2, II Kings 11:20 = II Chronicles 22:2, II Chronicles 22:10, II Chronicles 22:11; II Chronicles 23:12, II Chronicles 23:13, II Chronicles 23:21; II Chronicles 24:7; -יָה II Kings 11:1, II Kings 11:3, II Kings 11:13, II Kings 11:14; II Chronicles 22:12.

m.

I Chronicles 8:26 Ογοθολια.

Ezra 8:7 Αθελει, A Αθλια; SeptuagintL Γοθονίου (genit.).

עַתְלָ֑י one with foreign wife Ezra 10:28, Θαλι, A Οθαλι.

עָתְנִי

n.pr.m. Levite I Chronicles 26:7, Γοονει, (Γ)οθνι.

עָתְנִיאֵל

n.pr.m. son of Ḳenaz, a hero in Isr., Γοθονιηλ, Joshua 15:17 Judges 1:13; Judges 3:9, Judges 3:11; I Chronicles 4:13^(×2); name of family I Chronicles 27:15.

עָתֵק

verb move, proceed, advance (Mishnaic Hebrew Hiph.; Assyrian etêḳu as H., also trans. bring, move; Arabic عَتَقَ, عَتُقَ precede, pass forth, become free, grow old; Aramaic ܥܬܶܩ, עֲתַק grow old, Palmyrene adjective עתק old);—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular עָֽתְקָה Psalms 6:8, 3rd plural עָֽתְקוּ Job 21:7; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יֶעְתַּק Job 14:18; Job 18:4;—

move וְצוּר יֶע׳ מִמְּקֹמוֹ Job 14:18, so Job 18:4.

advance (in years; Aramaic sense) Job 21:7 (‖ יִחְיוּ); hence = grow old and weak Psalms 6:8 (of eye, ‖ עָֽשְׁשָׁה).

past (עבר) 3rd plural הֶעְתִּיקוּ Job 32:16 (Gi; van d. H. Baer v Job 32:15), Proverbs 25:1; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיַּעְתֵּק Genesis 12:8; Genesis 26:22; participle (בינוני) מַעְתִּיק Job 9:5;—

move forward (sc. tent) = proceed Genesis 12:8 (מִשָּׁם, ה location), Genesis 26:22 (מִשָּׁם); so figuratively Job 32:15 (see above) words have moved away from them (מֵהֶם), but see probably gloss (Budde al.).

Job 9:5 he who removeth mountains.

very late Proverbs 25:1 transcribe (remove from one book or roll to another; Septuagint ἐξεγράψαντο, Vulgate transtulerunt; so in mediaeval Hebrew: Zunz^{ZMG xxv (1871), 447 f. = Gesenius Schr. iii. 66 f.}).

עָתָק

adjective forward, arrogant (of speech) (Gesenius' Thesaurus free (see Arabic), unrestrained);—I Samuel 2:3 Psalms 31:19; Psalms 94:4; so also Psalms 75:6 (compare צַוָּאר).

עָתֵק²

adjective Gesenius' Thesaurus (ancient and so) valuable; < advanced, eminent, surpassing (compare عتيق preceding, hence surpassing, choice Lane ¹⁹⁴⁷);—הוֹן ע׳ Proverbs 8:18 eminent wealth.

עָתִיק

adjective eminent, surpassing, choice (see עָתֵק);—מְכַסֶּה ע׳ Isaiah 23:18 choice attire.

עַתִּיק

adjective removed, old;—

removed, עַתִּיקֵי מִשָּׁדָ֑יִם Isaiah 28:9 that is weaned (‖ גְּמוּלֵי מֵחָלָב; on construct see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 130 a).

old, ancient (Aramaism: עַתִּיק, ܥܰܬܻܝܩ old), הַדְּבָרִים עַתִּיקִים I Chronicles 4:22.

עֲתֶ֫רֶת

noun (fem.) abundance (Aramaism, si vera l.);—construct Jeremiah 33:6 I will reveal to them abundance of peace, etc. (corrupt according to Gie Buhl^Lex; Vrss. render variously).