BDB — ע (512)

עֵטָא (Aramaic)

noun (fem.) counsel;—absolute Daniel 2:14 (see טְעֵם 2).

עֲבַד (Aramaic)

verb make, do (Targum Syriac Old Aramaic Nabataean Palmyrene Egyptian Aramaic (S-C^Pap.; compare אַזְדָּא); = Biblical Hebrew עָבַד, q.see, but in meaning ‖ עשׂה);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ע׳ Daniel 3:1 +, 2nd masculine singular עֲבַ֑דְתְּ (Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 13, 2) Daniel 4:32; 1st singular עַבְדֵֿת Daniel 3:15; Daniel 6:23, 3rd masculine plural עֲבַ֫דוּ Ezra 6:13 +; future (עתיד) 2nd masculine plural תַּעְבְּדוּן (Baer Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 38, 1. b); תַּעַבְדוּן Gi Strack) Ezra 6:8; Ezra 7:18; infinitive (מקור) מֶעְבַּד (Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 15, a) 2)) Ezra 4:22; Ezra 7:18 (מֶעְבַּ֑ד); participle (בינוני) active עָבֵד Ezra 7:26 +, fs. עָבְדָא Daniel 7:21; mpl. עָֽבְדִין Ezra 4:15;—

make, direct object rei Daniel 3:1, Daniel 3:15 and (of creation) Yirmiya 10:11; make a feast Daniel 5:1, war Daniel 7:21 (עִם person), ded. of temple Ezra 6:16.

do, direct object of deed, Daniel 4:32 (of God), Daniel 6:23 Ezra 4:15, Ezra 4:22; do, act, כְּנֵמָא, thus, Ezra 6:13, כ, according to, Daniel 7:18 and (of God) Daniel 4:32, absolute Daniel 6:11; direct object + ב rei Ezra 7:18 do something with, + עִם person Daniel 6:8; do, perform, direct object of God’s law Daniel 7:26, direct object of signs, etc. (subj. God) Daniel 6:28 and (+ עִם person) Daniel 3:32.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִתְעֲבֵד Ezra 6:11 +, ד—ִ֑ Ezra 6:12; Ezra 7:21; 2nd masculine plural תִּתְעַבְדוּן Daniel 2:5; participle (בינוני) מִתְעֲבֵד Ezra 7:26, -בֶד־ Ezra 4:19, fs. -עַבְדָא Ezra 5:8;—

be made into, c. n. pred., Daniel 2:5; Daniel 3:29; Ezra 6:11.

be done, wrought, Ezra 4:19, Ezra 5:3 (subj. עֲבִידְתָּא); be performed, executed, of command Ezra 6:12; Ezra 7:21, Ezra 7:23, judgment Ezra 7:26.

עֲבַד² (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) slave, servant (Biblical Hebrew עֶ֫בֶד);—construct עֲבֵד Daniel 6:21 servant of God; plural with suffix of king, עבדיך Kesiv (Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 53 Anm. b)), עַבְדָךְ Keri Ezra 4:11; עַבְדָךְ Keri Daniel 2:4; with suffix of God, עַבְד֫וֹהִי, Daniel 3:26, Daniel 3:28; Ezra 5:11, of king Daniel 2:7.

עֲבֵד נְגוֹ (Aramaic)

proper name (masc.) comrade of Daniel (Biblical Hebrew the same);—Daniel 2:49; Daniel 3:12 + 10 times Daniel 3:3, + עֲבֵד נְגוֹא Daniel 3:29; = עֲזַרְיָה Daniel 2:17.

עֲבַר (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) region across, beyond (see Biblical Hebrew I. עֵ֫בֶר, √ עָבַר);—construct in phr. עֲבַר(־)נַהֲרָה, that is Syria (Scheft ⁸⁷): Ezra 4:10, Ezra 4:11, Ezra 4:17, Ezra 4:20; Ezra 5:3, Ezra 5:6^(×2); Ezra 6:6^(×2), Ezra 6:8, Ezra 6:13; Ezra 7:21, Ezra 7:25, ע׳ נהרא Ezra 4:16. compare in Cilic. Aramaic, Cooke ³⁴⁶.

עַד (Aramaic)

עֲדָא (Aramaic)

verb pass on, away (Targum for Hebrew עָבַר, Syriac; see Biblical Hebrew I. עָדָה (rare, late));—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular עֲדָת Daniel 3:27; Daniel 4:28; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יֶעְדֵּה Daniel 7:14, 3rd feminine singular תֶּעְדֵּא Daniel 6:9;—

pass on, over, c. ב person Daniel 3:27.

pass away, of kingdom Daniel 4:28 (מִן person), Daniel 7:14; of law Daniel 6:9, Daniel 6:13.

take away (so Egyptian Aramaic S-C^{G 35}): past (עבר) 3rd masculine plural הֶעְדִּיו, direct object rei, Daniel 5:20 (מִן person), Daniel 7:12; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יְהַעְדּוֹן v Daniel 7:26; participle (בינוני) מְהַעְדֵּה Daniel 2:21 remove, depose kings, of God.

עַד² (Aramaic)

preposition and conjunction even to, until (Biblical Hebrew III. עַד; so Targum Syriac Old Aramaic Nabataean Palmyrene Egyptian Aramaic (Lidzbarski³³⁶ S-C^{A 5 +}));—

preposition:

of space, even to Daniel 7:13; עַד־כָּה v Daniel 7:28.

of amount, up to Ezra 7:22 ^{(4 times)}.

of time, until Daniel 2:20; Daniel 6:15, Daniel 6:27; Daniel 7:18^(×2), Daniel 7:26 Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:16 וְעַד־כְּעַן; = our against Ezra 6:15 (compare Biblical Hebrew, p. 724 ^a top); to (the end of) = during Daniel 6:8 עַד יוֹמִין תְּלָתִין, v Daniel 6:13; Daniel 7:12, Daniel 7:25. On עַד־אָֽחֳרֵין Daniel 4:5 see אָחֳרָן; and on עַד־דִּבְרַת דִּי Daniel 4:14 see [דִּבְרָה].

conjunction:

עַד־דִּי until, followed by pf. (of past time) Daniel 2:34; Daniel 4:30; Daniel 5:21; Daniel 7:4, Daniel 7:9, Daniel 7:11, Daniel 7:22; followed by impf. (of fut.) Daniel 2:9; Daniel 4:20, Daniel 4:22, Daniel 4:29.—Daniel 6:25 לָא מְטוֹ … עַד דִּי שְׁלִטוּ וג׳ up to the time that …, that is ere that.

עַד alone, Ezra 4:21; Ezra 5:5.

עִדָּן (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) ^{Daniel 2:9} time (Targum the same, Syriac ܥܶܕܳܢܳܐ, perhaps loan-wd. from Assyrian (ḫ)adon(n)u, edanu, appointed, or definite, time; [Arabic عدّان probably Aramaic loan-wd., Schwally^{ZMG liii (1889), 197}]);—absolute ע׳ Daniel 7:12 +; emph. עִדָּנָא Daniel 2:8 +; plural absolute עִדָּנִין Daniel 4:13 +, emph. עִדָּנַיָּא Daniel 2:21;—

in generally, time, as duration Daniel 2:8; Daniel 7:12; involving specif. conditions Daniel 2:9, Daniel 2:21; (point of) time Daniel 3:5, Daniel 3:15.

definite time, = year (as mod. Gk. χρόνος, see EASophocles¹¹⁷³): שִׁבְעָה ע׳ = seven years, Daniel 4:13, Daniel 4:20, Daniel 4:22, Daniel 4:29; עִדָּן וְעִדָּנִין וּפְלַג עִדָּן Daniel 7:25 (that is 3 ½ years, see Driver; perhaps read dual for plural, compare Bev Gunk^{Schöpf. 201}).

עוֹד (Aramaic)

adverb still (Biblical Hebrew; S-C^{K 13}; Targum^{O Jon.}; Chr-Pal. Schulthess ^{143 f.}), Daniel 4:28 עוֹד מִלְּתָא בְּפֻם מַלְכָּא (compare Biblical Hebrew 1 a a).

עוֹף (Aramaic)

n.[m.] fowl (see Biblical Hebrew, √ I. עוּף);—ע׳ absolute Daniel 7:6 wings of a fowl; construct Daniel 2:38 coll.

עוּר (Aramaic)

n.[m.] chaff (J.Aram (Talm, rare), Syriac ܥܽܘܪܳܐ; Arabic عُوَّارٌ, عَاىِٔرٌ mote (in eye, tending to cause blindness [עִוֵּר]) according to Arabic Lexx., Lane ²¹⁹⁵);—absolute ע׳ Daniel 2:35 (in simile).

עֵז (Aramaic)

עֶזְרָא (Aramaic)

proper name (masc.) Ezra (Biblical Hebrew the same);—Ezra 7:12, Ezra 7:21, Ezra 7:25.

עֲזַרְיָה (Aramaic)

proper name (masc.) comrade of Daniel (Biblical Hebrew the same; Daniel 1:6 +);—Daniel 2:17, = עֲבֵד נְגוֹ v Daniel 2:49 +.

עֵטָא² (Aramaic)

see יעט.

עַ֫יִן (Aramaic)

noun (fem.) ^{Ezra 5:5} eye (see Biblical Hebrew I. ע׳);—construct עֵין Ezra 5:5 (of God); plural (Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 51, 1) of horn, עַיְנִין Daniel 7:8, Daniel 7:20; of man, dual construct עַיְנֵי v Daniel 7:8, with suffix עַיְנַי Daniel 4:31.

עִיר (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) waking, or wakeful, one, that is angel (√ עיר, compare Syriac ܥܳܪ wake, ܥܺܝܪ waking (Payne Smith (Syriac Thesaurus) ²⁸⁴³), JAram עִיר, Mishnaic Hebrew עֵיר adjective awake);—absolute ע׳ Daniel 4:10, Daniel 4:20; plural absolute עִירִין v Daniel 4:14; Aq Symm. ἐγρήγορος; compare Charles^{Enoch i, 5; xxxix. 12; also p. 356} Driver^{ad location}; doubtful is the connex. with Phoenician Zophesemim (Euseb.^{Praep. Evang. 10}), that is צפי שמים watchers of heaven, as keeping watch over or spying out (Zim^{Schrader's Keilinschriften3. 629} Jerem^{AT im Licht d. AO 63}).

עַל (Aramaic)

עִלָּה (Aramaic)

see p. 1106.

עֶלְיוֹן (Aramaic)

adjectivethe same(Biblical Hebrew the same);—plural of God, קַדִּישֵׁי עֶלְיוֹנִין (double plural, Buhl, as sometimes Biblical Hebrew, Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 124 q Konig^{ii. 1. 438 f}) Daniel 7:18, Daniel 7:22, Daniel 7:25, Daniel 7:27.

עַל² (Aramaic)

preposition upon, over, on account of, above, to, against (Biblical Hebrew and general Aramaic the same);—with suffix 1st singular עֲלַי; 2nd masculine singular עליך Kesiv (so Egyptian Aramaic, Cooke^{Noldeke. 77, A 5, 6, B 8}, S-C^{Pap.A 3, B 5 +}), עֲלָךְ, Keri (Targum עֲלַךְ, Dalman^{§ 47, 2}) Daniel 3:12 + 6 times Dn, Ezra 7:18; 3rd masculine singular עֲלוֹהִי (so Nabataean Palmyrene; Egyptian Aramaic עלוי S-C^{A 6 +}) Daniel 3:28 +, עֲלֹהִי †Ezra 6:11; 3rd feminine singular עליה Kesiv (so Egyptian Aramaic, S-C^{D 24}), עֲלַהּ Keri (so Targum) †Daniel 4:14; Daniel 5:21; 1st plural עֲלֵי֥נָא †Ezra 4:12, עֲלֶ֑ינָא Ezra 4:18; Ezra 5:17 Baer (Gi עֲלֶ֑ינָא); 3rd masculine plural עֲלֵיהֹם (so Nabataean, CIS ^{ii. 226}; Egyptian Aramaic, S-C^{Pap. F 5, 8 +}) †Ezra 7:24, עֲלֵיהוֹן †Ezra 5:1, Ezra 5:3;—

upon, Daniel 2:10, Daniel 2:28, Daniel 2:46; Daniel 5:5, Daniel 5:7; Daniel 6:11 + often, Daniel 4:26 עַל־הֵיכַל מַלְכוּתָא (Shmuel Beis 11:2); to be established עַל מַלְכוּתִי Daniel 4:33 (compare Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:1; Biblical Hebrew II. 1) to lay an impost upon, Ezra 7:24; to trust on, Daniel 3:28; after a verb of motion, מְטָא עַל to come upon, Daniel 4:21, Daniel 4:25; of times, to pass over, Daniel 4:13, Daniel 4:20, Daniel 4:22, Daniel 4:29; Ezra 5:1 בְּשֻׁם אֱלָהּ יִשְׂרָאֵל עֲלֵיהוֹן that is (named) over them.

idiomatically (as in Biblical Hebrew; see II. 1 d) of the person who is the subj. of an emotion or experience, Daniel 5:9 וְזִיוֹהִי שָׁנַיִן עֲלוֹהִי were changed upon him, Daniel 7:28; Daniel 6:19 וְשִׁנְּתֵהּ נַדַּת עֲלוֹהִי (compare Daniel 2:1).

on direct object of (Biblical Hebrew 1st feminine b), Daniel 3:16 עַל־דְּנָה פִּתְגָּם. So in עַל־דְּנָה on this direct object †Ezra 4:15, Ezra 4:22; Ezra 5:17, עַל־מָה wherefore? †Daniel 2:15; and עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי (see דְּ׳).

on behalf of (ib. 1st feminine c), Ezra 6:17.

regarding, concerning (ib. 1st feminine g), Daniel 2:18; Daniel 5:14, Daniel 5:29; Daniel 6:6, Daniel 6:13; Ezra 7:14 + often

over, with vbs. of ruling appointing, etc., Daniel 2:48, Daniel 2:49; Daniel 3:12; Daniel 4:14 +, Ezra 4:20; Ezra 6:18.

in a compar. sense, above, beyond, Daniel 3:19; Daniel 6:4.

expressing direction:

to, of a person, after a verb of motion (compare Biblical Hebrew 7 c a α), Daniel 2:24; Daniel 4:31, Daniel 4:33; Daniel 6:7, Daniel 6:16; Ezra 4:12, Ezra 4:23 + often; after to send (a letter, etc.) Ezra 4:11, Ezra 4:17, Ezra 4:18; Ezra 5:6 +, write Ezra 4:7, prophesy Ezra 5:1; of the direction of the mind (ib. 7 c c), Daniel 3:12; Daniel 6:14^(×2) Daniel 6:15; compare Ezra 5:5 וְעֵין אֱל׳ הֲוַת עַל (compare Yirmiya 40:4 and אֶל Tehillim 34:16).

against, Daniel 3:19, Daniel 3:29; Daniel 5:23; Daniel 6:5, Daniel 6:6 +; Ezra 4:8; Ezra 7:23.

in such phrases as שְׁפַר עַל, טְאֵב (to be) good or acceptable to (as in Syriac and late Hebrew: see Biblical Hebrew 8), Ezra 5:17 אִם עַל מַלְכָּא טָב, Ezra 7:18^(×2); Daniel 4:24 (יִשְׁפַּר), Daniel 6:15 (בְּאֵשׁ), v Daniel 6:24 (טְאֵב).—Comp. the synopsis of meanings in Lidzbarski ³⁴⁰.

עִלָּה² (Aramaic)

noun (fem.) matter, affair, occasion (Syriac ܥܶܠܬܳܐ, see Biblical Hebrew I. עלל);—absolute ע׳ Daniel 6:5^(×2), Daniel 6:6 (= ground of accusation).

עֲלַל (Aramaic)

verb go or come in (Targum Syriac; see Biblical Hebrew III. עלל);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular עַל Daniel 2:16; c. עַל person v Daniel 2:24; c. לְבַיְתֵהּ Daniel 6:11, so 3rd feminine singular עללת Kesiv, עַלַּת Keri Daniel 5:10; participle (בינוני) עללין Kesiv, עָלִּין Keri, absolute Daniel 4:4; Daniel 5:8.

bring in, c. קֳדָם person: past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הַנְעֵל (Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 11, 4. b; so Egyptian Aramaic, S-C ^{G 6, 7, 24, 27} הנעלת; compare D^{§ 71. 7; Dial.-Proben, p. 4}); Daniel 2:25 (ל direct object person), Daniel 6:19 (direct object rei); imperative (ציווי) ms. with suffix person, הַעֵלְנִי Daniel 2:24; infinitive (מקור) לְהַנְעָלָה Daniel 4:3 (ל direct object person); no קֳדָם person, לֶהֶעָלָה Daniel 5:7 (the same).

(W^{CG 225}) be brought, subj. person + קֳדָם person: past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הֻעַל Daniel 5:13, 3rd masculine plural הֻעַ֫לּוּ v Daniel 5:15.

עָלַם (Aramaic)

n.[m.] perpetuity, antiquity (see Biblical Hebrew III. עלם, עוֹלָם);—ע׳ absolute Daniel 3:33 +, construct Daniel 7:18; emph. עָֽלְמָא Daniel 2:20 +; plural עָֽלְמִין Daniel 2:4 +, emph. עָֽלְמַיָּא Daniel 2:44; Daniel 7:18;—perpetuity in the future: מַלְכוּת ע׳ Daniel 3:33; Daniel 7:27, compare Daniel 4:31; Daniel 7:14; ע׳ as adverb for ever Daniel 4:31; עַד־עָֽלְמָא וְעַד־עָלַם עָֽלְמַיָּא Daniel 7:18; plural לְע׳ for ever Daniel 2:4, Daniel 2:44^(×2); Daniel 3:9; Daniel 5:10; Daniel 6:7, Daniel 6:22, Daniel 6:27; antiquity, מִן־יוֹמָת עָֽלְמָא Ezra 4:15, Ezra 4:19; of limitless time both past and future: מִן־ע׳ וְעַד־ע׳ Daniel 2:20.

עַם (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) ^{Ezra 6:12} people (see Biblical Hebrew I. עמם, עַם);—ע׳ absolute Daniel 2:44; Daniel 3:29; Ezra 6:12, construct Daniel 7:27; emph. עַמָּה Ezra 5:12, עַמָּא Ezra 7:13, Ezra 7:16, Ezra 7:25; plural emph. עַמְמַיָּא (Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic §§ 15 d); 55, 5 a)) Daniel 3:4, Daniel 3:7^(×2), Daniel 3:31; Daniel 5:19; Daniel 6:26; Daniel 7:14.

עִם (Aramaic)

preposition with (Biblical Hebrew עִם: so Targum Syriac (ܥܰܡ) and general Aramaic);—with suffix עִמִּי †Daniel 3:32, עִמָּךְ †Ezra 7:13, עִמֵּהּ †Daniel 2:22, עִמְּהוֹן †Ezra 5:2;—

together with, Daniel 2:18, Daniel 2:43; Daniel 7:13 עִם־עֲנָנֵי שְׁמַיָּא, Ezra 5:2 +; whose dwelling, portion, etc., is with Daniel 2:11, Daniel 2:22; Daniel 4:12; Daniel 5:21.

to speak with Daniel 6:22, to make war with Daniel 7:21; to do with (= towards) Daniel 3:22 דִּי עֲבַד עִמִּי (compare Tehillim 86:17), compare Ezra 6:8; שַׁוִּי עִם to make like to Daniel 5:21.

of time, Daniel 3:33 = Daniel 4:31 עִם־דָּר וְדָר (co-exists) with all generations (compare Biblical Hebrew 1 g); Daniel 7:2 עִם־לֵילְיָא during the night.

עֲנָה (Aramaic)

verb answer (see Biblical Hebrew I. עָנָה);—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular עֲנַת Daniel 5:10; 3rd masculine plural עֲנוֹ Daniel 2:7 +; participle (בינוני) active (עֲנָה Noldeke^{GGA, 1884, 1021}) עָנֵה Daniel 2:5 +, plural עָנַיִן (Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 47 Beisp. ε)) Daniel 3:24;—always + אמר participle (בינוני), answered and said (ל [or קֳדָם] person usually following אמר; following ע׳ Daniel 2:10, Daniel 2:27, Daniel 2:47):—

answer, make reply, to something said: Daniel 2:5, Daniel 2:7, Daniel 2:8, Daniel 2:10, Daniel 2:27; Daniel 3:16, Daniel 3:24, Daniel 3:25; Daniel 4:16 b; Daniel 5:17; Daniel 6:13, Daniel 6:14.

respond to occasion, speak in view of a situation: Daniel 2:15, Daniel 2:20, Daniel 2:26, Daniel 2:47; Daniel 3:9, Daniel 3:14, Daniel 3:19, Daniel 3:24, Daniel 3:26, Daniel 3:28; Daniel 4:16 a, Daniel 4:27; Daniel 5:7, Daniel 5:10, Daniel 5:13; Daniel 6:17, Daniel 6:21; Daniel 7:2.

עֵז² (Aramaic)

n.[f.] (she-)goat;—plural עִזִּין Ezra 6:17.

עֲנָן (Aramaic)

n.[m.

עֳפִי (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) ^{Daniel 4:9} leafage, foliage;—with suffix עָפְיֵהּ Daniel 4:9, Daniel 4:11, Daniel 4:18.

עִקַּר (Aramaic)

(< ר—ָ Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 59 c)) n.[m.] root, stock (√ עקר, see Biblical Hebrew, and, on meaning of √, Schwally^{ZMG iii (1898), 140});—construct ע׳ שָׁרְשׁ֫וֹהִי Daniel 4:12, Daniel 4:20, Daniel 4:23.

עָר (Aramaic)

עֲרַב (Aramaic)

verb mix (Targum (often); Syriac (rare); see Biblical Hebrew I. ערב);—

participle (בינוני) passive מְעָרַב mixed with (ב) Daniel 2:41, Daniel 2:43.

participle (בינוני) the same: מִתְעָרַב v Daniel 2:43 (עִם), plural -רֲבִין v Daniel 2:43 (ב).

עֲרָד (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) wild ass (Targum Syriac; √ ערד, perhaps = Arabic غرد give a cry Noldeke^{SBWAk. cxlii. see II. 1900}, see Biblical Hebrew עָרוֹד as loan-word (K^{Aramaismen 72}, but doubtful Noldeke^{ZMG lvii (1903), 413}));—pluralemph. עֲרָדַיָּא Daniel 5:21.

עָר² (Aramaic)

n. m. foe (compare JAram. עֲרָר objection; on doubtful Biblical Hebrew עָר see p. 786);—plural with suffix עריך Kesiv (Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 53 Anm. b)), עָרָךְ Keri Daniel 4:16.

עֲשַׂר (Aramaic)

n. m. et f. a ten (see Biblical Hebrew);—m. (following noun (fem.)) Daniel 7:7, Daniel 7:20, Daniel 7:24; f. (before noun (masc.)) v Daniel 7:24; תְּרֵי עֲשַׂר = twelve (following noun (masc.)) Daniel 4:26 Ezra 6:17.

עֲשִׁת (Aramaic)

(Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic §§ 38, 1 α); 17, 2 Anm. 2) verb think, plan (Biblical Hebrew II. עשׁת (q.see) as Aramaism; Targum אִתְעַשֵּׁת, not Syriac);—past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular (strictly participle (בינוני) passive Noldeke^{GGA 1884, 1019; Syriac Gratz. § 280} M ^78*) ע׳ Daniel 6:4, followed by inf., plan to do so and so.

עַתִּיק (Aramaic)

adjective advanced, aged (Biblical Hebrew (as Aramaism), √ עתק, q.see);—construct (-מַיָּא) ע׳ יוֹמִין one advanced, aged, in days Daniel 7:9, Daniel 7:13, Daniel 7:22 (compare Syriac ܥܰܬܻܝܩ ܝܰܘ݇ܡܳܬܳܐ Ecclus 25:4 and elsewhere, Payne Smith (Syriac Thesaurus) ³⁰¹¹).

עֵדָה

noun (fem.) congregation (proposes company assembled together by appointment, or acting concertedly)—ע׳ Bamidbar 16:2 + 85 times; construct עֲדַת Shemos 12:3 + 52 times; with suffix עֲדָתִי Iyov 16:7 + 9 times sfs.;—

עֲדַת־אֵל Tehillim 82:1 congregation of Ēl, of company of angels (‖ בקרב אלהים); ע׳ לְאֻמִּים Tehillim 7:8 congregation of peoples; ע׳ צַדִּיקִים Tehillim 1:5 congregation of the righteous; ‖ סוֹד יְשָׁרִים Tehillim 111:1; ‖ קהל Mishlei 5:14; כָּל־עֲדָתִי Iyov 16:7 (of Job’s circle of dependents); in a bad sense, ע׳ מְרֵעִים company of evil doers Tehillim 22:17; ע׳ עריצים Tehillim 86:14; ע׳ חנף Iyov 15:34; ע׳ קֹרַח company of Korah Bamidbar 26:9; Bamidbar 27:3, so עֲדָתוֹ, עֲדָֽתְךָ Bamidbar 16:5, Bamidbar 16:6, Bamidbar 16:11, Bamidbar 16:16; Bamidbar 17:5, and הָעֵדָה Bamidbar 26:10; Bamidbar 27:3; ע׳ אֲבִירָם Tehillim 106:17, compare v Tehillim 106:18.

pack of animals ע׳ אַבִּירִים Tehillim 68:31 (figuratively of nobles); ע׳ דְּבֹרִים Shoftim 14:8 a swarm of bees.

elsewhere of Israel Hoshea 7:12 עֲדָתָם that is the whole assemblage of them; Melachim Alef 8:5 (= Divrei HaYamim Beis 5:6) כל עדת ישׂ׳ of those gathered to Sol.; Melachim Alef 12:20 העדה of assembly at Shechem; Yirmiya 6:18 (text very doubtful); עֲדָתוֹ Yirmiya 30:20 of restored people; עֲדָֽתְךָ Tehillim 74:2 (‖ שׁכט נחלתך); elsewhere in P, except possibly Bamidbar 20:11, in technical sense, of the company of Israel of the Exodus, the congregation (115 times), especially in the phrases †ע׳ יהוה Bamidbar 27:17; Bamidbar 31:16 Yehoshua 22:16, Yehoshua 22:17; †ע׳ ישׂראל Shemos 12:3, Shemos 12:6, Shemos 12:19, Shemos 12:47 Vayikra 4:13 Bamidbar 16:9; Bamidbar 32:4 Yehoshua 22:18, Yehoshua 22:20; †ע׳ בני ישׂראל Shemos 16:1, Shemos 16:2, Shemos 16:9, Shemos 16:10; Shemos 17:1; Shemos 35:1, Shemos 35:4, Shemos 35:20 Vayikra 16:5; Vayikra 19:2, Bamidbar 1:2, Bamidbar 1:53; Bamidbar 8:9, Bamidbar 8:20; Bamidbar 13:26; Bamidbar 14:5, Bamidbar 14:7; Bamidbar 15:25, Bamidbar 15:26; Bamidbar 17:6; Bamidbar 19:9; Bamidbar 25:6; Bamidbar 26:2; Bamidbar 27:20; Bamidbar 31:12 Yehoshua 18:1; Yehoshua 22:12; הָעֵדָה Vayikra 8:4 + 29 times (compare Shoftim 20:1; Shoftim 21:10); כל־הע׳ Vayikra 8:3 + 33 times (compare Shoftim 21:13); †נְשִׂיאֵי (ה)ע׳ princes of the congregation Shemos 16:22; Bamidbar 4:34; Bamidbar 16:2; Bamidbar 31:13; Bamidbar 32:2; Yehoshua 9:15, Yehoshua 9:18; Yehoshua 22:30; כָּל־הַנְּשִׂאִים בָּע׳ Shemos 34:31; זִקְנֵי הע׳ elders of the congregation Vayikra 4:15 (compare Shoftim 21:16); ראשׁי אבות הע׳ Bamidbar 31:26. ii & iii עֵדָה see עוד.

עֵצָה

noun (fem.) counsel, advice ( = (יְ)עֵצָה)—ע׳ Shoftim 20:7 + 28 times; construct עֲצַת Yeshaya 5:19 + 33 times; with suffix עֲצָתִי Mishlei 1:25 + 5 times (+ Yeshaya 46:11 Keri; Kesiv עצתו better); עֲצָֽתְךָ Tehillim 20:5; Tehillim 73:24; עֲצָתוֹ Hoshea 10:6 + 7 times (incl. Yeshaya 46:10 Kesiv see above); עֲצָתָם Yirmiya 18:23 + 4 times; plural עֵצוֹת Devarim 32:28 + 2 times; עֲצָתָ֑יִךְ Yeshaya 47:13;—counsel, advice Shmuel Beis 15:31, Shmuel Beis 15:34; Shmuel Beis 16:23^(×2); Shmuel Beis 17:14^(×3), Shmuel Beis 17:23 Melachim Alef 12:8, Melachim Alef 12:13, Melachim Alef 12:14 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 10:8, Divrei HaYamim Beis 10:13, Divrei HaYamim Beis 10:14, Divrei HaYamim Beis 22:5; Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:16; Ezra 10:3 (where read ע׳ אֲדֹנִי Reuss Ry), v Ezra 10:8 Iyov 29:21; political consultation Yeshaya 47:13; as direct object cogn. Shmuel Beis 17:7; Melachim Alef 1:12; Yeshaya 8:10; Yechezkel 11:2 (עצת־רָע, ‖ אָוֶן); c. הָב֫וּ give counsel Shoftim 20:7; Shmuel Beis 16:20; חֵבִיא ע׳ Yeshaya 16:3; עשׂה ע׳ Yeshaya 30:1; אָשִׁית עֵצוֹת בְּנַפְשִׁי Tehillim 13:3; = design, purpose Ezra 4:5; Nechemia 4:9; Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:20 (Baer), Tehillim 14:6; Tehillim 20:5; Yirmiya 18:23 (followed by עַל = against), Yirmiya 49:30 (‖ מַחֲשָׁבָה); עֲצַת־גּוֹיִם Tehillim 33:10; suitable counsel for war (= generalship) Melachim Beis 18:20 = Yeshaya 36:5 (compare Mishlei 20:18 below); also עֲצַת שָׁלוֹם Zecharia 6:13 counsel of peace; practical wisdom, sagacity Yeshaya 19:3, compare v Yeshaya 19:11, Yirmiya 19:7 Devarim 32:28 (‖ תְּבוּנָה) Hoshea 10:6. Especially in WisdLt and proph.; counsel = good counsel, wisdom Iyov 38:2; Iyov 42:3; Mishlei 12:5; Mishlei 20:5 (its seat בְּלֶב־אִישׁ) ‖ תּוּשִׁיָּה Mishlei 8:14; Yeshaya 28:29 (of י׳); ‖ חָכְמָה Yirmiya 49:7; ‖ חָכְמָה and תְּבוּנָה Iyov 12:13 Mishlei 21:30; ‖ מוּסָר Mishlei 19:20; ‖ תַּחְבֻּלוֹת Mishlei 20:18 (compare Yeshaya 36:5 above); ע׳ נִפְתָּלִים Iyov 5:13; רוּחַ ע׳ וּגְבוּרָה Yeshaya 11:2 (‖ ר׳ חָכְמָה וּבִינָה); hearty counsel ע׳ נֶפֶשׁ Mishlei 27:9; counsel of wisdom, when wisdom is personif. Mishlei 1:25, Mishlei 1:30 (‖ תּוֹכַחַת); in bad sense ע׳ רשׁעים Iyov 10:3; Iyov 21:16; Iyov 22:18; Tehillim 1:1, compare Iyov 18:7 Tehillim 106:43 Yeshaya 29:15; of plan of י׳; ע׳ י׳ Tehillim 33:11; Mishlei 19:21; Yeshaya 19:17; Yeshaya 14:26 (הע׳ הַיְּעוּצָה), Yeshaya 25:1; Yeshaya 46:10, Yeshaya 46:11; ע׳ קדושׁ ישׂראל Yeshaya 5:19; also Micha 4:12; Yirmiya 32:19 (גְּדֹל הָעֵצָה), Yirmiya 49:20; Yirmiya 50:45 Tehillim 106:13; ע׳ עֶלְיוֹן Tehillim 107:11; instruction, guiding wisdom of י׳ Tehillim 73:24; אִישׁ־עֲצָתוֹ that is counsellor of י׳ Yeshaya 40:13; in figuratively אַנְשֵׁי עֲצָתִי Tehillim 119:24 = my counsellors, said of testimonies of God; = prophecy, ע׳ מלאכיו Yeshaya 44:26 (‖ דְּבַר עַבְדּוֹ); תֹּאבַד ע׳ מִזְּקִנִים Yechezkel 7:26 (compare Melachim Alef 12:8; ‖ חָזוֹן, תּוֹרָה), מֵחָכָם Yirmiya 18:18 (‖ דָּבָר, תּוֹרָה).

עָב

[עֹב] noun (masc.) archit. term, meaning unknown; projecting roof is conjectured (Smend Co Berthol); others landing (Davidson); Authorized Version Revised Version thick beam or plank, Revised Version margin threshold; Benzinger Kittel Toy leave untranslated; in any case a structure of wood;—absolute וְעַסֻּדִים וְעָב Melachim Alef 7:6; appar. construct וְעָב עֵץ אֶל־פְּנֵי הָאוּלָם מֵהַחוּץ Yechezkel 41:25; plural (si vera l.) הָעֻבִּים v Yechezkel 41:26.

עָב²

see עוּב.

עָבַד

verb work, serve (Old Aramaic עבד do, make, especially Nabataean Palmyrene (often), Lidzbarski^{331 f.} Cook⁸⁶, so Targum עֲבַד, Syriac ܥܒܰܕ (very often); but also Old Aramaic Phoenician עבד slave, vassal (and in many proper name), Targum עַבְדָּא, Syriac ܥܰܒܕܳܐ the same; Assyrian abdu, the same (rare); Mishnaic Hebrew עָבַד serve, perform acts of worship (with a direct object cogn.), and deriv.; Arabic عَبَدَ worship, obey (God); compare Wellhausen^{Skizzen iii. 165; Heid. 141}, ii. enslave; عَبْدٌ slave, worshipper; Sabean עבד the same D.H. Müller^{Sudar. Alt. p. 18}; Gerber^{Verb. Denom.14 ff.} thinks be slave, serve (Qal) and enslave (Hiph.) are denom., compare also Noldeke^{ZMG xi (1886), 741});—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ע׳ Yechezkel 29:18 +; with suffix עֲבָדוֹ Malachi 3:18 +; 3rd masculine plural עָֽבְדוּ Devarim 7:4; עָבָ֑דוּ Bamidbar 4:26, + 64 times past (עבר); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַעֲבֹד Breishis 25:23 +; with suffix יַעַבְדֵ֫נִי Shemos 4:23; יַעַבְדֶ֫נּוּ Tehillim 22:31 Melachim Beis 10:18; 3rd masculine plural יַעַבְדוּ Devarim 12:30 +; יַעֲבֹ֑דוּ Breishis 15:14 (Driver^{§ 103}) Iyov 36:11; 2nd masculine plural תַּעַבְדוּן Shemos 3:12, תַּעֲבֹד֑וּן Yehoshua 24:15, + 99 times future (עתיד); (תָּעָבְדֵם, נָֽעָבְדֵם see Hoph.); imperative (ציווי) עֲבֹד Shmuel Alef 26:19; with suffix עָבְדֵהוּ Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:9; עִבְדוּ Shemos 5:18 + 15 times; עֲבֹ֑דוּ Yechezkel 20:39; with suffix עִבְדֻהוּ Shmuel Alef 7:3; infinitive (מקור) construct עֲבֹד Malachi 3:14 +; עֲבָד־ Yirmiya 34:9, Yirmiya 34:10; with suffix עָבְדוֹ Yirmiya 27:6 +, etc.; participle (בינוני) עֹבֵד Breishis 4:2 +; plural עֹבְדִים Bamidbar 18:21 +; construct עֹבְדֵי Tehillim 97:7 +; with suffix עֹבְדָיו Melachim Beis 10:19; עֹבְדֵיהֶם Zecharia 2:13;—

labour, work, do work: absolute Shemos 20:9 = Shemos 34:21 = Devarim 5:13 (4th word); Shemos 5:18 Koheles 5:11; with a direct object rei, till the ground Breishis 2:5; Breishis 3:23; Breishis 4:2, Breishis 4:12, Shmuel Beis 9:10; Yeshaya 30:24; Yirmiya 27:11; Zecharia 13:5; Mishlei 12:11; Mishlei 28:19; object om. Devarim 15:19; Yechezkel 48:19; vineyard Devarim 28:39; garden Breishis 2:15; עֹבְדֵי פִשְׁתִּים Yeshaya 19:9 workers in flax; עֹבְדֵ(י) הָעִיר Yechezkel 48:18, Yechezkel 48:19 labourers of the city; ע׳ עֲבֹדָתוֹ Yeshaya 28:21 work his work (only here of God, ‖ עשׂה מַעֲשֵׂהוּ); ע׳ עבדה על Yechezkel 29:18 serve a military service against.

work for another, serve him by labour: absolute Shemos 21:2; with a direct object person Breishis 29:15; Breishis 31:6; Shemos 21:6 Devarim 15:12, Devarim 15:18; Malachi 3:17; Yirmiya 34:14, king his people Melachim Alef 12:7; subj. animals Yirmiya 27:6; Iyov 39:9; with a direct object person et rei Breishis 30:26^(×2), Breishis 30:29; c. לְ person Shmuel Beis 16:19; עִם Breishis 29:25, Breishis 29:30 Vayikra 25:40; עִמָּדִי Breishis 29:27; לִפְנֵי Shmuel Beis 16:19^(×2); c. בְּ of price Breishis 29:18, Breishis 29:20, Breishis 29:25; Breishis 31:41 Hoshea 12:13; Yechezkel 29:20; c. בְּ person work by means of another, use him as slave, Shemos 1:14; Vayikra 25:39, Vayikra 25:46 Yirmiya 22:13; Yirmiya 30:8; Yirmiya 34:9, Yirmiya 34:10; compare Devarim 15:19.

serve as subjects: usually with a direct object, their own rulers Shoftim 9:28^(×2), Shoftim 9:38 Shmuel Alef 11:1; Melachim Alef 5:1 +; other kings, by tribute Tehillim 18:44 = Shmuel Beis 22:44; Yirmiya 27:7; Yirmiya 28:14; Melachim Beis 25:24 +, other nations Shmuel Beis 10:19; Yirmiya 40:9; Zecharia 2:13 +, kings other kings Melachim Beis 18:7 +, c. לְ, Shmuel Alef 4:9^(×2); †מַס עֹבֵד Breishis 49:15 Yehoshua 16:10; Melachim Alef 9:21 (see מַס); †c. בְּ person, work with, that is use as subjects, impose tribute upon, Yirmiya 25:14; Yirmiya 27:7; Yechezkel 34:27.

serve God:

with a direct object י׳, Shemos 3:12; Shemos 4:23; Shemos 7:16, Shemos 7:26, Tehillim 22:31; Iyov 21:15; Malachi 3:14 +; with a direct object person et rei Shemos 10:26; direct object person om., Yirmiya 2:20 (read אֶעֱבוֹד Kesiv), עבד זבח ומנחה Yeshaya 19:21 serve with peace-offering and grain-offering; עבד עֲבֹדָה Shemos 13:5 (of מַצֹּת).

other gods, with a direct object א׳ †Devarim 7:16; Devarim 12:2, Devarim 12:30 †; אלהים אחרים Devarim 7:4; Devarim 8:19; Devarim 11:16; Devarim 13:7, Devarim 13:14; Devarim 17:3; Devarim 28:14, Devarim 28:36, Devarim 28:64; Devarim 29:25; Devarim 30:17; Devarim 31:20; Yehoshua 23:16; Yehoshua 24:2, Yehoshua 24:16; Shoftim 2:19; Shoftim 10:13; Shmuel Alef 8:8; Shmuel Alef 26:19; Melachim Alef 9:6, Melachim Alef 9:9; Melachim Beis 17:35; Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:19, Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:22; Yirmiya 11:10; Yirmiya 13:10; Yirmiya 16:11, Yirmiya 16:13; Yirmiya 22:9; Yirmiya 25:6; Yirmiya 35:15 (all D and Je); אֱלֹהֵי הַגּוֹיִם Devarim 29:17; זָרִים Yirmiya 5:19; †כל צבא השׁמים Devarim 4:19; Melachim Beis 21:3; Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:3; Yirmiya 8:2; †הבעל(ים) Shoftim 2:11; Shoftim 3:7; Shoftim 10:6, Shoftim 10:10; Shmuel Alef 12:10; Melachim Alef 16:31; Melachim Alef 22:54; Melachim Beis 10:18^(×2), Melachim Beis 10:19^(×2), Melachim Beis 10:21, Melachim Beis 10:22, Melachim Beis 10:23^(×2); Melachim Beis 17:16; †אלהי נֵכָר Yehoshua 24:20; Yirmiya 5:19; †(הַ)גִּלּוּלִים Melachim Beis 17:12; Melachim Beis 21:21^(×2) Yechezkel 20:39; †האשׁרים Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:18; עצבים Tehillim 106:36; †פסיל(ים) Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:22; Melachim Beis 17:41; פסל Tehillim 97:7; c. לְ, †לבעל Shoftim 2:13; †לאלהים אחרים Yirmiya 44:3.

serve י׳ with Levitical service (all P; compare Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 69}): with a direct object עבד עֲבֹדָה (see עֲבֹדָה) Bamidbar 3:7, Bamidbar 3:8; Bamidbar 4:23, Bamidbar 4:30, Bamidbar 4:47; Bamidbar 7:5; Bamidbar 8:11, Bamidbar 8:19, Bamidbar 8:22, Bamidbar 8:26; Bamidbar 16:9; Bamidbar 18:6, Bamidbar 18:21, Bamidbar 18:23; Yehoshua 22:27; direct object om. Bamidbar 4:24, Bamidbar 4:26, Bamidbar 4:37, Bamidbar 4:41; Bamidbar 8:15 (but Sam Septuagint עבדה), v Bamidbar 8:25 Bamidbar 18:7.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נֶעְבָּ֑ד Koheles 5:8; 2nd masculine plural נֶעֱבַדְתֶּם Yechezkel 36:9; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יֵעָבֵד Devarim 21:4; 3rd feminine singular תֵּעָבֵד Yechezkel 36:34;—

be tilled, of land Devarim 21:4; Ez Yechezkel 36:9, Yechezkel 36:34.

Koheles 5:8 מֶלָךְ לְשָׂדֶה נֶעְבָּ֑ד doubtful: a king for (devoted to) the cultivated field (Hitzig); a king that maketh himself servant to the field (devoted to agriculture), De: see commentaries, especially De.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular עֻבַּד Devarim 21:3; Yeshaya 14:3; passive of Qal, c. בְּ: impers. Devarim 21:3 of a calf with which it has not been worked; hard service with which it was worked with captives Yeshaya 14:3.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הֶעֱבִיד Yechezkel 29:18; 2nd masculine singular with suffix הֶעֱבַדְתַּ֫נִי Yeshaya 43:24, הֶעֱבַדְתִּיךָ v Yeshaya 43:23, וְהַעֲבַדְתִּיךָ Yirmiya 17:4 future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיַּעֲבֵד Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:33; 3rd masculine plural יַעֲבִדוּ Shemos 1:13; infinitive (מקור) construct הַעֲבִיד Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:17; participle (בינוני) plural מַעֲבִדִים Shemos 6:5;—

compel to labour as slaves Shemos 1:13; Shemos 6:5 Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:17, + Breishis 47:21 (reading הֶעֱבִיד לַעֲבָדִים), Shmuel Beis 12:31 (reading וְהֶעֱבִיד, + בְּ at; on both these see עבר Hiph. ad fin.); cause to serve, of army’s service against, with a direct object + (על)אל Yechezkel 29:18; cause to labour, weary, c. בְּ of means Yeshaya 43:23, Yeshaya 43:24 (perhaps play on meanings2, 3).

make to serve as subjects, c. 2 direct object Yirmiya 17:4, + Yirmiya 15:14 (read וְהַעֲבַדְתִּיךָ, see עבר Hiph. ad fin.).

cause to serve God Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:33.

future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular with suffix תָּֽעָבְדֵם Shemos 20:5 = Devarim 5:9; Shemos 23:24; 1st plural with suffix נָֽעָבְדֵם Devarim 13:3 (Konig^{i. 259} Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 549 g Gesenius' Thesaurus; < Nes^{Marg. 12 f.} Qal anom. pointed (compare W^{AG. ed. 2, i. 62 n.} Fl ^{Kl. Schrader. i. 98}); Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 60, R. 1 Driver Qal falsely pointed as Hoph.);—be led or enticed to serve other gods Shemos 20:5 = Devarim 5:9; Shemos 23:24; Devarim 13:3.

עֶ֫בֶד

noun (masc.) slave, servant (on format. Lagarde^{BN 77});—ע׳ Breishis 9:25 +, עָ֑בֶד Breishis 44:10 +; with suffix עַבְדִּי Breishis 26:24 +; עַבְדְּךָ Breishis 19:19 +; עַבְדֶּ֫ךָ Breishis 18:3 +; plural עֲבָדִים Breishis 9:25 +, עַבְדֵי Breishis 21:25 +; with suffix עֲבָדַי Vayikra 25:42 +, עַבְדֵיכֶם Yehoshua 9:11 +, etc.;—

slave, servant of household Breishis 39:17, Breishis 39:19; Breishis 41:12; Breishis 50:2; Shemos 21:2 +; man-servant, ‖ אמה Shemos 20:10 Vayikra 25:6; Devarim 5:14; Iyov 31:13 +; ‖ שׁפחה Breishis 12:16; Breishis 32:6; Yirmiya 34:11; Yeshaya 14:2 +; + אדון Devarim 23:16; Yeshaya 24:2; Malachi 1:6 +; מִקְנַת כֶּסֶף Shemos 12:44 or יְלִיד בַּיִת Yirmiya 2:14; עֶבֶד עֲבָדִים servant of servants, humblest servant, Breishis 9:25; †בֵּית עֲבָדִים house of slaves, especially Israel in Egypt Shemos 13:3, Shemos 13:14; Shemos 20:2 (R^D) Devarim 5:6; Devarim 6:12; Devarim 7:8; Devarim 8:14; Devarim 13:6, Devarim 13:11 Yehoshua 24:17; Shoftim 6:8 Yirmiya 34:13; Micha 6:4; †וזכרת כי עבד היית מצרים (ארץ)ב and thou shalt remember that thou wast a slave in (the land of) Egypt Devarim 5:15; Devarim 15:15; Devarim 16:12; Devarim 24:18, Devarim 24:22; king of Babylon is slave to י׳ Yirmiya 25:9; Yirmiya 27:6; Yirmiya 43:10; the borrower to the lender Mishlei 22:7; figuratively of beast Iyov 40:28; of things Breishis 47:19.

Subjects, of chief Breishis 26:15, Breishis 26:19, Breishis 26:25, Breishis 26:32; Breishis 27:37; Breishis 32:17^(×2) +; of king Breishis 21:25 Shemos 7:28, Shemos 7:29; Melachim Alef 9:27; Devarim 29:1 +; vassal kings Shmuel Beis 10:19; tributary nations Shmuel Beis 8:2, Shmuel Beis 8:6, Shmuel Beis 8:14 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 18:2, Divrei HaYamim Alef 18:6, Divrei HaYamim Alef 18:13; specif. officers of king Shmuel Alef 19:1; Shmuel Alef 21:8; Shmuel Beis 11:13; Mishlei 14:35 +; עַבְדֵי פַרְעֹה Breishis 40:20; Breishis 41:10; ע׳ שָׁאוּל Shmuel Alef 16:17; Shmuel Alef 18:22; Shmuel Alef 28:7; ע׳ הַמֶּלֶךְ Melachim Alef 1:47 Est Esther 3:3 +; עֶבֶד הַמֶּלֶךְ Melachim Beis 22:12 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:20 (a court official); opposite שַׂר Mishlei 19:10; Koheles 10:7; מֶלֶךְ Mishlei 30:22; ambassadors Bamidbar 22:18 Shmuel Beis 10:2; soldiers of army Shmuel Alef 17:8; Shmuel Alef 25:10; Shmuel Beis 2:12, + officers of army Shmuel Alef 29:3; Melachim Alef 11:26; Melachim Beis 25:8; Yeshaya 36:9.

Servants, worshippers, of God: †עַבְדֵי יהוה Melachim Beis 9:7; Melachim Beis 10:23; Yeshaya 54:17, compare Breishis 50:17; Yeshaya 56:6; עֲבָדָיו Devarim 32:36 = Tehillim 135:14, Yeshaya 65:15; Yeshaya 66:14 Tehillim 34:23; Tehillim 69:37 Nechemia 2:20; ‖ עַמּוֹ Tehillim 105:25 compare Devarim 32:43; עֲבָדַי Yeshaya 65:8, Yeshaya 65:9, Yeshaya 65:13^(×3), Yeshaya 65:14; עֲבָדֶיךָ Melachim Alef 8:23; Yeshaya 63:17 (‖ שִׁבְטֵי נחלתך), Tehillim 89:51; Tehillim 90:13, Tehillim 90:16; Tehillim 102:15, Tehillim 102:29; Tehillim 119:91, Tehillim 79:2, Tehillim 79:10 (‖ חֲסִידֶיךָ); delivered from Egypt Vayikra 25:42, Vayikra 25:55^(×2); Vayikra 26:13; עַבְדְּךָ Tehillim 119:125; Tehillim 143:2, ‖ בֶּן־אֲמָתֶ֑ךָ Tehillim 86:16; Tehillim 116:16^(×2); specif. angels Iyov 4:18; and ancient worthies, patriarchs Shemos 32:13 Devarim 9:27; Abraham Breishis 26:24 Tehillim 105:6, Tehillim 105:42; Isaac Breishis 24:14; Jacob, Israel Yechezkel 28:25; Yechezkel 37:25 Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:13; Moses †Shemos 14:31; Yehoshua 18:7 Bamidbar 12:7, Bamidbar 12:8 Devarim 34:5 (?) Yehoshua 1:1, Yehoshua 1:2, Yehoshua 1:7, Yehoshua 1:13, Yehoshua 1:15; Yehoshua 8:31, Yehoshua 8:33; Yehoshua 9:24; Yehoshua 11:12, Yehoshua 11:15; Yehoshua 12:6^(×2); Yehoshua 13:8; Yehoshua 14:7; Yehoshua 22:2, Yehoshua 22:4, Yehoshua 22:5 (all D), Melachim Alef 8:53, Melachim Alef 8:56; Melachim Beis 18:12; Melachim Beis 21:8; Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:34; Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:3; Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:6, Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:9; Nechemia 1:8; Nechemia 9:14; Nechemia 10:30 Tehillim 105:26 Malachi 3:22 Daniel 9:11; Joshua †Yehoshua 24:29 Shoftim 2:8; Caleb †Bamidbar 14:24; Job †Iyov 1:8; Iyov 2:3; Iyov 42:7, Iyov 42:8^(×3); David Shmuel Beis 3:18; Shmuel Beis 7:5, Shmuel Beis 7:8, Shmuel Beis 7:26 + 27 times; Hezekiah †Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:16; Zerubbabel †Chaggai 2:23; Eliakim †Yeshaya 22:20.—The צֶמַח Zecharia 3:8 compare Zecharia 6:12 is also servant of י׳ as Messianic builder of temple (see Br^{MP 442 ff.}).

servant of י׳, in a special sense: of Levitical singers using benedictions in temple Tehillim 113:1; Tehillim 134:1; Tehillim 135:1; usually of prophets, עֲבָדַי הַנְּבִיאִים my servants the prophets Melachim Beis 9:7; Melachim Beis 17:13; Yirmiya 7:25; Yirmiya 26:5; Yirmiya 29:19; Yirmiya 35:15; Yirmiya 44:4; Yechezkel 38:17; Zecharia 1:6; עֲבָדָיו הַנְּבִיאִים Melachim Beis 17:23; Melachim Beis 21:10; Melachim Beis 24:2; Yirmiya 25:4; Amos 3:7; Daniel 9:10; עֲבָדֶיךָ הנביאים Ezra 9:11; Daniel 9:6; specif. Ahia Melachim Alef 14:18; Melachim Alef 15:29; Elijah Melachim Beis 9:36; Melachim Beis 10:10; Jonah Melachim Beis 14:25; Isaiah Yeshaya 20:3; עַבְדּוֹ, ‖ מלאכיו Yeshaya 44:26; as one calling to fear י׳ Yeshaya 50:10.

Israel as a people is servant of י׳: יִשְׂרָאֵל Yeshaya 41:8, Yeshaya 41:9; Yeshaya 44:21^(×2); Yeshaya 49:3 Tehillim 136:22; יעקב Yeshaya 44:1, Yeshaya 44:2; Yeshaya 45:4; Yeshaya 48:20; Yirmiya 30:10; Yirmiya 46:27, Yirmiya 46:28; עַבְדִּי = עֶבֶד יהוה, ‖ מַלְאָכִי, as having a mission to the nations Yeshaya 42:19^(×2); and chosen as witness of י׳ Yeshaya 43:10. But there is also an ideal servant chosen and endowed with the divine Spirit to be a covenant of Israel and a light of the nations Yeshaya 42:1 (compare v Yeshaya 42:2-6); formed to bring back Jacob, raise up the tribes, and become salvation to the end of the earth Yeshaya 49:5, Yeshaya 49:6, Yeshaya 49:7; bearing the sins of all as a lamb and a trespass-offering, and yet prospering and justifying many as interposing martyr Yeshaya 52:13; Yeshaya 53:11: many understand of ideal Israel, contr. with the actual; and elsewhere of personif. ‖ with Zion the wife and mother, disting. from unworthy Israel as Zion from her apostate children; and elsewhere of ideal prophetic writer; and elsewhere of ideal prophetic person; and elsewhere (especially in Yeshaya 53) of an actual proph. known to writer and his readers; [in any case it is Messianic, see Mt 8:16, 17; 12:16–21 Lk 4:17–22 Phil 2:5–11]; see De Is ii. 174 Davidson^{Expos. 1884, 358 ff.} Dillmann Duhm Cheyne and elsewhere on Yeshaya 42, Yeshaya 53, Driver ^{Is 168 ff.} Br^{MP 345 ff.}, also Giesebrecht^{Beitr. 146 ff.} Berthol ^{Is 53}.

In polite address of equals or superiors the Hebrews used עַבְדְּךָ thy servant = 1 person sing., I, Breishis 18:3; Shmuel Alef 20:7, Shmuel Alef 20:8^(×2) Melachim Beis 8:13 +; עֲבָדֶיךָ thy servants = we Breishis 42:11; Yeshaya 36:11; also עַבְדּוֹ his servant = I, Shmuel Alef 26:18, Shmuel Alef 26:19; Shmuel Beis 14:22; Shmuel Beis 24:21 +; also in addressing God, especially in prayer Shemos 4:10; Bamidbar 11:11; Shoftim 15:18; Shmuel Alef 3:9, Shmuel Alef 3:10; Shmuel Alef 25:39; Shmuel Beis 24:10 Tehillim 19:12, Tehillim 19:14; Tehillim 27:9; Tehillim 31:17; Tehillim 35:27; Tehillim 69:18; Tehillim 109:28; Tehillim 143:2 +.

Phrases are: †עבד (היה), c. לְ person, become servant to Breishis 9:26, Breishis 9:27; Breishis 44:10, Breishis 44:16, Breishis 44:17, Breishis 44:33; Breishis 47:19, Breishis 47:25 Devarim 6:21; Devarim 15:17; Shmuel Beis 8:14; Melachim Beis 17:3; Melachim Beis 24:1; Divrei HaYamim Alef 18:2, Divrei HaYamim Alef 18:6, Divrei HaYamim Alef 18:13; Divrei HaYamim Beis 10:7; Mishlei 11:29; Mishlei 12:9; Mishlei 22:7; †היה לעבד, c. לְ person, Breishis 44:9 Breishis 50:18 Shmuel Alef 8:17; Shmuel Alef 17:9^(×2); Shmuel Alef 27:12 Shmuel Beis 8:2, Shmuel Beis 8:6; Yirmiya 34:16; †כבשׁ לעבדים Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:10 Nechemia 5:5; Yirmiya 34:11; לקח לע׳ Breishis 43:18 Melachim Beis 4:1; Iyov 40:28.

עֶ֫בֶד²

proper name (masc.) (servant of God = עַבְדְּאֵל);—

father of Gaal Shoftim 9:26, Shoftim 9:28, Shoftim 9:30, Shoftim 9:31, Shoftim 9:35 (G.F. Moore, after Hollenb^{ThLz 1891, 371} [compare Budde^{Ib. 1892, 63}] עֹבֵד, as SeptuagintL; see also Gray^{Prop. N. 184, 272}); Septuagint Ιωβηλ, A SeptuagintL Αβεδ.

a companion of Ezra Ezra 8:6; Septuagint Ωβηθ, SeptuagintL Αμιναδαβ.—For list of Arabic names beginning with عبد see Noldeke^{ZMG xli (1887), 724 ff.}, compare also the same^{ib. xlii (1888), 486} Wellhausen^{Heid. 2, 2 ff.}

עוֹבֵד

proper name (masc.) (worshipper; compare Sabean עבד Os²² and D.H. Müller^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 14};—

son of Boaz and Ruth Rus 4:17, v Rus 4:21 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:12; Rus 4:22 (only here עֹבֵד) = Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:12, Peshitta Ωβηδ.

names in Judah, Septuagint Ωβηδ:

Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:37, Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:38.

Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:1.)

a mighty man of David Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:47, Septuagint Ιωβηθ, A Ιωβηδ.

a doorkeeper Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:7, Septuagint Ωβηδ.

עֲבֵד נְגוֹ

proper name (masc.) (servant of (God) Nebo, נְגוֹ being corrupt (intent. or unintent.) for נבוֹ (q.see), Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament Daniel 1:7 Bev Daniel 1:7);—Babylonian name of Azariah, one of the three companions of Daniel Daniel 1:7 (see also Biblical Aramaic); Septuagint Theod Αβδεναγω.

עַבְדָּא

proper name (masc.) (servant of י׳ (= עֹבַדְיָה Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:16 = Nechemia 11:17), but form doubtful, see Septuagint);—

father of Adoniram Melachim Alef 4:6; Septuagint Εφρα, A Αβαω,SeptuagintL Εδραμ.

a Levite Nechemia 11:17; Septuagint Ωβηβ, A Ιωβηβ, SeptuagintL Αβδιας.

עַבְדְּאֵל

proper name (masc.) (servant of Ēl, compare עַבְדִּיאֵל) name in Judah Yirmiya 36:26; Septuagint Εσ(δ)ριηλ.

עֲבֹדָה

and (Chr) עֲבוֹדָה ₁₄₅ noun (fem.) labour, service (on format. see Lagarde^{BN 179} Barth^{NB 61});—ע׳ Shemos 1:14 + 41 times; construct עֲבֹדַת Shemos 30:16¹⁶ + 43 times; with suffix עֲבֹדָתִי Breishis 30:26 + 33 times sfs.; in Chr עֲבוֹדָה Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:14 + 7 times; construct עֲבוֹדַת Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:33³³ + 13 times; with suffix עֲבוֹדָתִי Divrei HaYamim Beis 12:8; עֲבוֹדָתָם Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:17; Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:16;—

†labour, work, Tehillim 104:23²³; in the field Shemos 1:14; Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:26, probably Nechemia 10:38 (עָרֵי ע׳), Tehillim 104:14¹⁴ (עֵשֶׂב לע׳); in fine linen Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:21; in erection of tabernacle Shemos 35:24; Shemos 36:1, Shemos 36:3, Shemos 36:5; Shemos 39:42; in repairing temple Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:13^(×2); כל מלאכת עבדה לא תעשׂוּ ye shall do no laborious work Vayikra 23:7, Vayikra 23:8, Vayikra 23:21, Vayikra 23:25, Vayikra 23:35, Vayikra 23:36; Bamidbar 28:18, Bamidbar 28:25, Bamidbar 28:26; Bamidbar 29:1, Bamidbar 29:12, Bamidbar 29:35; figuratively of man, ע׳ הַצְּדָקָה Yeshaya 32:17 (‖ מַעֲשֵׂה הַצּ׳); of God’s work of judgment Yeshaya 28:21^(×2).

labour of servant or slave: of Jacob for Laban Breishis 29:27; Breishis 30:26; ע׳ עֶבֶד of bondservant Vayikra 25:39; of the Nethinim Ezra 8:20; service of things, vessels of tabernacle and temple Bamidbar 4:26, Bamidbar 4:32, Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:28; Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:14^(×2), Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:15.

labour, service of captives or subjects: of Israel in Egypt Shemos 1:14; Shemos 2:23^(×2), Shemos 5:11, Shemos 6:6; כבד(ה) הע׳ Shemos 5:9, Nechemia 5:18; ע׳ קשׁה Shemos 1:14; Shemos 6:9, Devarim 26:6; Melachim Alef 12:4 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 10:4; Yeshaya 14:3; מֵרֹב ע׳ Eicha 1:3; ע׳ ממלכוֹת Divrei HaYamim Beis 12:8; ע׳ המלך Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:30; ע׳ אדניהם Nechemia 3:5; military service Yechezkel 29:18^(×2).

service of God, in P Chr Ez: by people Yehoshua 22:27 Divrei HaYamim Beis 12:8, feast of passover Shemos 12:25, Shemos 12:26; Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:10, Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:16, unleavened bread Shemos 13:5; Levites and priests Bamidbar 4:19, Bamidbar 4:49; Bamidbar 8:11; Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:3, Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:19; Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:14; Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:16; ע׳ מתנה Bamidbar 18:7; Levites Shemos 38:21; Bamidbar 4:24, Bamidbar 4:27^(×2), Bamidbar 4:28, Bamidbar 4:33, Bamidbar 4:47^(×2); Bamidbar 7:7, Bamidbar 7:8; Bamidbar 8:26; Bamidbar 18:21; Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:17; Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:2; c. בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד v Bamidbar 4:4, Bamidbar 4:23, Bamidbar 4:31, Bamidbar 4:33, Bamidbar 4:35, Bamidbar 4:39, Bamidbar 4:43; Bamidbar 8:19, Bamidbar 8:22; Bamidbar 18:31; אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד Shemos 30:16; Bamidbar 4:30; Bamidbar 7:5; Bamidbar 8:24; Bamidbar 18:4, Bamidbar 18:6, Bamidbar 18:21, Bamidbar 18:23, compare Shemos 35:21; Bamidbar 7:5; (ה)מִשְׁכָּן Shemos 39:32, Shemos 39:40; Bamidbar 3:7, Bamidbar 3:8; Bamidbar 16:9; Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:33, compare Shemos 27:19; Bamidbar 3:36; Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:26; ע׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Bamidbar 7:9, compare Bamidbar 3:31; of its court v Bamidbar 3:26; more specif. ע׳ משׂא Bamidbar 4:47; צבא הע׳ Bamidbar 8:25; ע׳ בית י׳ (ה)אלהים Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:24, Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:28, Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:32; Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:6; Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:13^(×2), Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:21^(×2); Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:7; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:35; Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:21; Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:2; Nechemia 10:33; מלאכת ע׳ בית האלהים Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:13; Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:20; Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:12; מעשׂה ע׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:28; its service Yechezkel 44:14; Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:19; specif. service of Levit. singers Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:1^(×2), and doorkeepers Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:8; Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:15.

עַבְדּוֹן

proper name I. proper name (masc.)

a judge Shoftim 12:13, Shoftim 12:15, Septuagint Αβδων, A SeptuagintL Λαβδω(μ); (Ewald cp. בְּדָן Shmuel Alef 12:11, but read בָּרָק, see בְּדָן above).

a Benjamite Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:23, Septuagint Αβαδων, A SeptuagintL Αβδων.

son of Jehiel a Gibeonite Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:30; Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:36; Septuagint Αβαλων, Σαβαδων, A Αβδων, Σαβδων, SeptuagintL Αβδων.

son of Micah Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:20, Septuagint Αβδοδομ, A SeptuagintL Αβδων (= עַכְבּוֹר Melachim Beis 22:12). II. proper name (place) Levitical city in Asher Yehoshua 21:30; Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:59, Septuagint Δαββων, Αβαραν, A SeptuagintL Αβδων (Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:20 Codd. read עַבְדֹּן Yehoshua 19:28 for עֶבְרֹן), ʿAbde, Gutheérin ^{Gal 2:37} compare Buhl^{Geogr. 230}.

עַבְדִּי

proper name (masc.) (= עֹבַדְיָה servant of Yah; see however, Gray^{Prop. N. 149 ff.} and compare Old Aramaic עבדו, NabataeanPalmyrene עבדי Lidzbarski^{333, 334} Cook⁸⁷);—

a Levite Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:29; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:12; Septuagint Αβδ(ε)ι, SeptuagintL 1 Ch Αβδια.

one with a foreign wife Ezra 10:26; Septuagint Αβδε(ι)α.

עַבְדִּיאֵל

proper name (masc.) (servant of Ēl; on this and following compare Phoenician עבדאלם, Nabataean עבדאלהא, Sin. עבדאלהי, etc., Lidzbarski³³² Cook⁸⁷; Sabean עבדלת = [עבדאלת] Hal¹⁶⁸ D.H. Müller^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 16}; see also Gray^{Prop. N. 309, Noldeke. 53});—a Gadite Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:15; Septuagint Αβδεηλ, A SeptuagintL Αβδιηλ.

עֹבַדְיָ֫הוּ

proper name (masc.) (servant of Yah, compare Gray^{Prop. N. 295, Noldeke. 90}; also Phoenician עבדבעל, Palmyrene עבדבל, Old Aramaic עבדההד Lidzbarski³³³, OHeb. עבדיהו the same³³⁴);—

עֹבַדְיָ֫הוּ:

chief of Ahab’s household Melachim Alef 18:3^(×2), Melachim Alef 18:4, Melachim Alef 18:5, Melachim Alef 18:6, Melachim Alef 18:7, Melachim Alef 18:16, Septuagint Αβδ(ε)ιου.

father of one of the chiefs of Zebulun Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:19, Septuagint Αβδ(ε)ιου (genit.).

a Levite overseer in time of Josiah Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:12, Septuagint Αβδ(ε)ια, A SeptuagintL Αβδιας.

עֹבַדְיָה:

the prophet Ovadia 1:1, Septuagint Οβδ(ε)ιου (genit.), Αβδ(ε)ιου.

a descendant of David Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:21, Septuagint Αβδεια, SeptuagintL Οβδιας.

chief of tribe of Issachar Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:3, Septuagint Μειβδεια, A Οβδια, SeptuagintL Αβδια.

a Benjamite 1 Ch Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:28; Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:44, Septuagint Αβδ(ε)ια.

a Levite Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:16 (‖ עַבְדָּא Nechemia 11:17), Septuagint Αβδεια, A Οβδια, SeptuagintL Αβια.

a Gadite chief Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:9, Septuagint Αβδ(ε)ια.

a prince in time of Jehoshaphat Divrei HaYamim Beis 17:7, Septuagint Αβ(δ)ιαν.

priestly companion of Ezra Ezra 8:9 Nechemia 10:6, Septuagint Αδεια, Αβ(α)δ(ε)ια, SeptuagintL Αβδιου, Αβιας.

a doorkeeper Nechemia 12:25, א Οβδιας, SeptuagintL Αβδιας.

עָבָה

verb be thick, fat, gross (Mishnaic Hebrew Pi. עִבָּה make thick, and deriv.; Syriac ܥܒܳܐ swell up, pt. passive swollen, thick, dense, stupid, and many deriv.; Arabic غَبِىَ be dense, stupid, أَغُبَى dense foliage; Ethiopic ዐብየ: be great Dillmann⁹⁸⁵);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular קָֽטֳנִּי ע׳ מִמָּתְנֵי אָבִי Melachim Alef 12:10 my little finger is thicker (stouter) than, etc., = Divrei HaYamim Beis 10:10; be thick, gross, of rebell. Isr. under figuratively of highly fed beast, 2nd masculine singular שָׁמַנְתָּ עָבִּיתָ כָּשִׂיתָ Devarim 32:15.

עָבוֹת

עַבְטִיט

n.[m.]intens. weight of pledges, heavy debts;—absolute מַכְבִּיד עָלָיו ע׳ Chavakuk 2:6.

עוֹבָל

i. עֵיבָל n. pr. gent. Arabian people, descended from Joktan according to Breishis 10:28 (SeptuagintL Γαιβαλ); = עֵיבָל Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:22 (SeptuagintL Ηβηλ). On location compare Glaser^{Skizze ii. 426}.

עֵיבָל

see עוֹבָל above

עֵיבָל²

n. pr. m. vel gent. name in Edom, Breishis 36:23 (Septuagint Γαιβηλ), = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:40 (Septuagint Γαιβηλ, A Γαοβηλ, SeptuagintL Ουβαλ); according to Glaser^{Skizze ii. 426} poss. = foregoing (cp. with name of (god) Bēl, Winckler^{Gesch. Isr. 120; Alttest. Unters. 117 f.}).

עֵיבָל³

n. pr. mont. Ebal, the mt. of cursing, N. of Shechem (Nabulus), and opposite Mt. Gerizim (mt. of blessing, S. of Shechem), Devarim 11:29, also Yehoshua 8:30, Yehoshua 8:33; Septuagint Γαιβαλ (connex. with above √ doubtful; on בל = Bēl, compare Gray^{Prop. N. 124 n., and reff.});—on Ebal see Robinson^{BR ii. 275 ff.} G.A. Smith^{Geogr. Ch. vi.} Dillmann Devarim 11:29 Driver^ib. Bd^{Pal. (1898), 257}.

עָבַר

verb pass over, through, by, pass on (Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Zinj. עבר Haph. Lidzbarski³³⁶ Cook⁸⁸, perhaps also Nabataean עבר the same^ib.; Targum עֲבַר, Syriac ܥܒܰܪ the same; Assyrian ebêru, the same Delitzsch^{HWB 10}, and deriv.; Arabic عَبَرَ the same, and deriv.; Sabean עבר = Hebrew עִבַּר 1. Mordt^{Sab Denkm 49}; עברת passage, march through D.H. Müller^{ZMG xxix (1875), 614} also bank or neighbourhood of a stream Sab Denkm⁴⁹);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ע׳ Breishis 15:17 +, with suffix עֲבָרוֹ Yirmiya 23:9; 1st singular עָבַ֫רְתִּי Shmuel Alef 15:24 +; 2nd masculine plural עֲבַרְתֶּם Breishis 18:5 +; 1st plural עָבַ֫רְנוּ Yehoshua 24:17 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַעֲבֹר Amos 8:5 +, יַעֲבָר־ Breishis 33:14 +, with suffix 3rd masculine singular יַעַבְרֶ֫נּוּ Yeshaya 33:21; Yeshaya 35:8, יַעַבְרֶ֫נְהוּ Yirmiya 5:22, וַיַּעֲבֹר Breishis 12:6 +; 1st singular אֶעֱבֹר Amos 5:17 +, cohort. אֶעְבְּרָה Bamidbar 21:22 +, אֶעֱבֹ֑רָה Bamidbar 20:19 Shoftim 12:5, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. עֲבֹר Shemos 17:5 +; fs. עִבְרִי Micha 1:11 + 2 times; עֲבֹ֑רִי Yeshaya 23:12; mpl. עִבְרוּ Amos 6:2 +; infinitive (מקור) absolute עָבוֹר Shmuel Beis 17:16; construct עֲבֹר Amos 7:8 +, לַעֲבָר־ Melachim Alef 18:6 + Nachum 2:1 Keri (Kesiv לעבור); with suffix עָבְרִי Shemos 33:22 Devarim 4:21, etc.; participle (בינוני) עֹבֵר Shoftim 8:4 +, etc.;—

pass over:

= cross (stream, wady, sea, etc.), (1) with a direct object Breishis 31:21, Breishis 32:11, Yehoshua 3:14, Yehoshua 3:17; Yehoshua 4:1 (all ), Devarim 2:14, Bamidbar 32:29, Shmuel Beis 17:20, Shmuel Beis 17:22, Shmuel Beis 17:24 Yeshaya 16:8, + 37 times, + Breishis 32:23 (E; direct object מַעֲבַר), וְעָֽבְרָה הָֽעֲבָרָה לַעֲבִיר Shmuel Beis 19:19 (read וַיַּעַבְרוּ Wellhausen Driver Kittel Löhr, and they crossed the ford, or וְעָֽבְרוּ frequent., H.P. Smith; > Septuagint Klostermann Budde וַיַּעַבְדוּ הָעֲבֹדָה and they performed the service); also with a direct object + direct object location Shmuel Alef 13:7, + ה location Devarim 4:26; Devarim 31:13, Devarim 32:47. (2) direct object om. Shoftim 3:28 Shmuel Beis 17:16^(×2) + 32 times, + עֹבֵר Shoftim 8:4 (read וַיַּעֲבֹר old versions, or del. as gloss G.F. Moore Budde), Shmuel Beis 15:23 (where read עֹמֵד for Masoretic Text עֹבֵר Wellhausen Driver Budde Kittel Löhr H.P. Smith, but del. עֹבְרִים, plausibly, Klostermann H.P. Smith); c. אֶל־ †Bamidbar 32:7, Devarim 27:2, Yehoshua 4:13; Yehoshua 22:19 (both P), c. אֶל־עֵבֶר Devarim 30:13, c. הָעֵבֶר Shmuel Alef 26:13; c.ה location †Devarim 3:21; Devarim 4:14; Devarim 6:1; Devarim 11:8, Devarim 11:11; Devarim 34:4 Yeshaya 23:6; with a direct object location †Yeshaya 23:12 Yirmiya 2:10 Bamidbar 32:32.

cross border, boundary, with a direct object Bamidbar 20:17; Bamidbar 21:22 (both ), + אֶל־ Shmuel Alef 27:2; of invasion, direct object om., c. אֶל־ Shoftim 11:32; Shoftim 12:3 Shmuel Alef 14:1, Shmuel Alef 14:6, Shmuel Alef 14:8, c. ה location Melachim Beis 8:21, absolute Divrei HaYamim Beis 21:9; compare Iyov 14:5.

cross over (sc. intervening space) against (עַל־) Shmuel Alef 14:4, unto Shmuel Beis 24:20 (read אֶל־ for עַל־ Budde H.P. Smith, compare SeptuagintL), so perhaps also Yeshaya 45:14 (עַל; read אֶל?); with a direct object of goal Amos 5:5; Amos 6:2.

pass, march over (sc. bodies of captives), Yeshaya 51:23^(×2).

= overflow, figuratively, Yeshaya 23:10, absolute of invasion (like a flood) Yeshaya 8:8, hence Daniel 11:10, Daniel 11:40, Nachum 1:8 (compare 4 c); of evil thoughts Tehillim 73:7; compare עָֽבְרוּ דִבְרֵי־רָ֑ע Yirmiya 5:28 they overflow with evil matters.

pass, go, over, of waves, over one’s head, usually c. עַל־ Yeshaya 54:9 Tehillim 42:8; Tehillim 88:17; Tehillim 124:4, Tehillim 124:5 (all figuratively), Yonah 2:4; with a direct object Tehillim 38:5, compare Yirmiya 23:9 over whom wine hath gone (= overcome with wine).

of razor passing over head, c. עַל Bamidbar 6:5; figuratively of time passing over one, c. עַל־ Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:30 (compare Biblical Aramaic חלף על Daniel 4:13 +).

pass over upon (עַל־), in weakened sense, nearly = come or light upon; of spirit Bamidbar 5:14^(×2), Bamidbar 5:30; absolute + מֵאֵת Melachim Alef 22:24 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:23; c. עַל־ also light upon in chastisement or judgment, Hoshea 10:11 Iyov 13:13, compare Nachum 3:19; Devarim 24:5 no affair shall pass over upon (עַל־) him, that is no duty be laid upon him.

overstep, transgress, with a direct object of covenant, command, etc. (usually divine); Bamidbar 14:41; Yehoshua 7:11, Yehoshua 7:15 (all ), Devarim 17:2; Devarim 26:13; Yehoshua 23:16 (all D), Shoftim 2:20; Shmuel Alef 15:24; Hoshea 6:7; Hoshea 8:1; Melachim Beis 18:12; Yirmiya 34:18; Yeshaya 24:5 Tehillim 148:6 Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:20; Daniel 9:11; command of earthly king Esther 3:3; absolute Tehillim 17:3 Iyov 14:5.

pass over = overlook, forgive עַל־פֶּשַׁע Micha 7:18 (+ לְ person), Mishlei 19:11; c. לְ person only, Amos 7:8; Amos 8:2.

Pass beyond, with a direct object Shmuel Alef 14:23 (of battle), Yirmiya 5:22^(×2) (of sea); + אֶל Breishis 31:52^(×2); pass a little beyond ע׳ מְעַט מֵהָרֹאשׁ Shmuel Beis 16:1, כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתִּי מֵהֶם Shir HaShirim 3:4; with a direct object of God’s command (פֶּה), Mishlei 8:29 (of sea), Bamidbar 22:18 = Bamidbar 24:13; direct object om. Iyov 14:5 Tehillim 104:9.

Pass through, traverse, usually

c. בְּ of land, city, etc.: Bamidbar 21:23, Bamidbar 20:21 Yehoshua 18:9, Shemos 12:2, Shmuel Alef 9:4^(×4) Shmuel Beis 20:14 (+ ה location), + 31 times; c. בְּתוֹךְ †Yechezkel 9:4 Iyov 15:19; c. בְּקֶרֶב of camp, nation(s) †Yehoshua 1:11; Yehoshua 3:2, Yehoshua 24:17, Amos 5:17 Devarim 29:15; with a direct object †Devarim 2:18; Devarim 29:15 Shoftim 11:29^(×2) Yeshaya 10:29; absolute Shemos 12:23 Shemos 15:16, Bamidbar 20:19, Bamidbar 20:20, Devarim 2:28 Micha 5:7 Eicha 3:44 Yechezkel 14:15; Yechezkel 33:28; †opposite שׁוּב, pass through and return, go to and fro, Shemos 32:27 (E; מִשַׁעַר לָשַׁעַר בְּ׳), pt. absolute those going to and fro Yechezkel 35:7 Zecharia 7:14; Zecharia 9:8.

c. בְּ of river Shmuel Beis 19:19 + Shmuel Beis 15:23 (but read עֹמֵד Wellhausen Driver Budde and elsewhere), of sea Zecharia 10:11, compare Yeshaya 43:2 Tehillim 66:6, c. בְּתוֹךְ Bamidbar 33:8, Nechemia 9:11; c. בְּ of gates Yeshaya 62:10^(×2); compare עֹבְרֵי בְּעֵמֶק Tehillim 84:7 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 130 a).

pt. absolute הָעֹבְרִים the passers-through Yechezkel 39:11, read probably הָעֲבָרִים (JDMich Hitzig Co Berthol), v Yechezkel 39:11 (Co reads אֶת־הַגַּיְא; Toy del. as gloss), v Yechezkel 39:14 (del. Septuagint Peshitta Co Toy Berthol).

pass through between (בֵּין) parts of victim, in covenant Breishis 15:17, Yirmiya 34:18, Yirmiya 34:19.

traverse with a direct object of expanse of water Yeshaya 33:21 (of ship).

pass along by (עַל־), Breishis 18:5 (J; not סַרְתֶּם אֶל־ Ball after Septuagint), Melachim Alef 9:8 Yirmiya 18:16 + 14 times; c. עַל־פָּנָיו †Shemos 34:6; with a direct object †Breishis 32:32 Shoftim 3:26 (on other possibilities see G.F. Moore), Melachim Beis 6:9; absolute pass by Shemos 33:22^(×2), Melachim Beis 4:8 + 15 times, + (of wind) Iyov 37:21 Mishlei 10:25 and (of waters, = flow past) Chavakuk 3:10 (compare Iyov 6:15), Iyov 11:16, hence מוֹר עֹבֵר Shir HaShirim 5:5, Shir HaShirim 5:13 flowing myrrh (liquid, opposite hard = מ׳ דְּרוֹר Shemos 30:23); pt. = passer-by Micha 2:8 Yechezkel 5:14; Yechezkel 36:34; Yechezkel 39:15 + 6 times. (Mishlei 26:10 see Toy), + עֹבֵר אֹרַח Yeshaya 33:8, עֹבְרֵי דֶרֶךְ †Eicha 1:12; Eicha 2:15 Iyov 21:29 Mishlei 9:15 Tehillim 80:13; Tehillim 89:42; pass by = overtake and pass with a direct object †Shmuel Beis 18:23.

pass by, בְּ rei, Tehillim 103:16 (of wind); compare Devarim 2:4.

sweep by, of scourge (figuratively) Yeshaya 28:15, Yeshaya 28:18, Yeshaya 28:19 (compare מַעֲבָר 3).

be past, over, of time, etc., Amos 8:5 Melachim Alef 18:29 Breishis 50:4 Shir HaShirim 2:11 + 7 times

pass along (from hand to hand), only pt. שֶׁקֶל כֶּסֶף עֹבֵר לַסֹּחֵר Breishis 23:16 that is current money of the merchant (see Budde^{Th Lz 1892(3), 63}); כֶּסֶף עֹבֵר Melachim Beis 12:5 (see עֵרֶךְ).

Pass on, go on:

absolute Breishis 18:5, Bamidbar 22:26, Shoftim 12:1 + 20 times, + Shoftim 11:29; Shoftim 18:13 Yehoshua 10:29 (D; all with a direct object of goal + מִן), Breishis 18:3 (J; c. מֵעַל person); also c. אֶל־ person vel rei, proceed unto Melachim Alef 19:19 Melachim Beis 4:8 Nechemia 2:14, c. עַל־ person (read אֶל־?) Eicha 4:21; c. מִן Rus 2:8, out of the city Shmuel Beis 15:24; c. ה location Shoftim 12:1 Shmuel Beis 19:41, c. ה location + מִן Yehoshua 10:31, Yehoshua 10:34; ע׳ מֵעִיר לָעִיר בארץ Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:10; absolute Shmuel Beis 19:41 all the people of Judah proceeding with the king (read עֹבְרִים for ויעברו, see Hiph. ad fin.).

specif. of boundary-line, pass on, c. ה location Bamidbar 34:4^(×2) Yehoshua 15:3, Yehoshua 15:4; Yehoshua 16:6 (om. אוֹתוֹ Septuagint Vulgate compare Benn^Haupt Steuern); + מִן Yehoshua 19:13 + מִן + אֶל־ Yehoshua 18:13; c. מִן + לְ Yehoshua 15:6; c. אֶל־ Yehoshua 15:7, Yehoshua 15:10; Yehoshua 16:2; Yehoshua 18:18, Yehoshua 18:19; with a direct object location Yehoshua 15:3, Yehoshua 15:10, Yehoshua 15:11 (all P, except Yehoshua 16:2 ).

c. לִפְנֵי pass on before, go in advance of Breishis 32:17 Shemos 17:5 (both E), Breishis 32:22; Breishis 33:3, Breishis 33:14 (all J), Devarim 9:3 + 7 times, + Devarim 3:18, Devarim 3:28; Devarim 31:3^(×2) Yehoshua 1:14 (all D) where ref. may be to crossing in advance of; c. עַל־פְּנֵו Shmuel Beis 15:18 so v Shmuel Beis 15:23 (reading עַל־פָּנָיו SeptuagintL Wellhausen Driver Klostermann Budde Kittel H.P. Smith).

pass on as far as (עַד), Shoftim 19:12, + מִן v Shoftim 19:18; c. אַחֲרֵי after Shmuel Beis 20:13; תַּעֲבָר־כּוֹם עַל Eicha 4:21 pass on unto (compare תִּסּוֹב Chavakuk 2:16).

pass on into (בְּ), Yehoshua 3:11 (+ לִפְנֵי), Yehoshua 4:7 (both ), compare Shoftim 9:26 Iyov 33:28, so also ע׳ בִּבְרִית י׳ Devarim 29:11 enter into a covenant with י׳; (Klostermann reads וַיַּעֲבֹר בַּבּ׳ also Melachim Beis 23:3 for Masoretic Text ויעמד).

pass on away from (מֵאֵת) Devarim 2:8 (+ ה location).

pass on in order, for counting Shmuel Beis 2:15, עַל־יְדֵי מוֹנֶה Yirmiya 33:13, עֹבֵר עַל־הַפְּקֻדִים Shemos 30:13, Shemos 30:14; Shemos 38:26, also pass on under (תַּחַת) rod Vayikra 27:32 (for counting; all P; compare Hiph. 3 d).

pass along, travel with a direct object of way Yeshaya 35:8 compare Yeshaya 51:10; עֹבֵר אָרְחוֹת יַמִּים Tehillim 8:9; c. בְּ of way Yehoshua 3:4 Mishlei 4:15; Mishlei 7:8.

pass on, advance, absolute, Tehillim 48:5 (Olshausen Wellhausen pass away, perish), Micha 2:13 (direct object location).

Pass away:

emigrate, leave one’s territory or city Micha 1:11.

vanish, of chaff, Yeshaya 29:5 compare Yirmiya 13:24, shadow Tehillim 144:4, brooks Iyov 6:15 (all in simile), Shir HaShirim 5:6.

= cease to exist, perish Nachum 1:12 Iyov 30:15; Iyov 33:18 (בְּ instr.), Iyov 36:12 (the same), Iyov 34:20 Tehillim 37:36 (but read ואעבר and I passed by, compare 4 a), compare Yeshaya 31:9 (סלעו subj.), מֵאֱלֹהַי מִשְׁפָּטִי יַעֲבוֹר Yeshaya 40:27 pass away from.

= become invalid, obsolete, of law, decree, Esther 1:19; Esther 9:27, also v Esther 9:28 (+ מִתּוֹךְ הַיְהוּדִים).

c. מִן of hands Tehillim 81:7 (that is they were freed from).

= be alienated, pass into other hands Yechezkel 48:14 (reading Kesiv; > Keri Hiph.).—Yirmiya 2:20 read אֶעֱבוֹד Kesiv (not אֶעֱבוֹר Keri); וָאֶתֵּן לָהֶם יַעַבְרוּם Yirmiya 8:13 and I gave to them that which they transgress Peshitta Vulgate Targum Aq Symm Ewald, those that shall pass over them Hitzig Graf Ke Revised Version margin, those that shall consume, devour them Rothst^Kau (reading יְבַעֲרוּם) but all very doubtful; Septuagint Co del.; Yirmiya 11:15 read Hiph. q.see; מִנֹּגַהּ נֶגְדּוֹ עָבָיו עָֽבְרוּ Tehillim 18:13 is difficult; perhaps best, as Cheyne Kittel^Kau Löhr, out of the brightness before him issued forth hailstones, etc. (del. עָבָיו); > ‖ Shmuel Beis 22:13 בָּֽעֲרוּ and so here Budde H.P. Smith compare Woods^{Hbr 1887, 262}, his clouds burned with hailstons, etc.; read rather עברו in 2 S.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular נַחַל אֲשֶׁר לֹא יֵעָבֵר Yechezkel 47:5 a stream which cannot be forded.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁוֹרוֹ עִבַּר Iyov 21:10 his bull impregnateth (compare Mishnaic Hebrew מְעֻבֶּרֶת pregnant, Yeb 4:1, 2; 7:3 Keth 1:9; but note also that in Targum Yonasan and Talm. (both Aramaic and Hebrew) עִבַּר = conceive, עִבּוּר conception, עוֹבֵר embryo.) absolute (proposes causeth to pass over, sc. semen).*

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיְעַבֵּר בְּ׳ Melachim Alef 6:21 he made to pass across with chains of gold.—

see [עָבַר] below

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הֶעֱבִיר Shmuel Beis 12:13 +; 2nd masculine singular הֵעֲבַ֫רְתָּ Yehoshua 7:7 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 63 p), וְהַעֲבַרְתָּ֫ Shemos 5:1 +; 1st singular הֶעֱבַ֫רְתִּי Zecharia 3:4, וְהַעֲבַרְתִּ֫י Yechezkel 20:37 + Yirmiya 15:14 (but read והעבדתי Septuagint Peshitta Targum Codd Ewald Hitzig Graf Giesebrecht), etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיַּעֲבֵר Breishis 8:1 +, וַיַּעֲבֶר־ Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:22 = Ezra 1:1, with suffix וַיַּעֲבִרֵנִי Yechezkel 46:21 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. הַעֲבֵר Tehillim 119:37 + 2 times, הַעֲבֶר־ Shmuel Beis 24:10 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:8; mpl. with suffix הַעֲבִירוּנִי Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:23; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַעֲבִיר Yehoshua 7:7 (read probably הַעֲבֵיר); construct הַעֲבִיר Shmuel Beis 3:10 +, לַעֲבִיר Shmuel Beis 19:19 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 53 q), etc.; participle (בינוני) מַעֲבִיר Devarim 18:10 Daniel 11:20, plural מַעֲבִרִים Shmuel Alef 2:24 (see below);—

cause to pass over, bring over:

cause one to cross river, c. 2 direct object, Breishis 32:24, Bamidbar 32:5 Yehoshua 7:7 (both ), Shmuel Beis 19:16, Shmuel Beis 19:42; direct object of river om. Breishis 32:24, Yehoshua 4:3; Yehoshua 7:7 (+ infinitive (מקור) absolute; both ), Breishis 4:8 (+ אֶל־), Shmuel Beis 2:8 (+ direct object location).

cause something to pass over (עַל־): razor (direct object) Bamidbar 8:7, compare Yechezkel 5:1 (where Co reads with suffix of razor), wind Breishis 8:1.

make over to (ל), direct object of inheritance Bamidbar 27:7, Bamidbar 27:8; of making over, dedicating, something to (לְ) deity Shemos 13:12 (= קִדַּשׁ). Especially

devote children to (לְ) heathen god Yirmiya 32:35 Yechezkel 23:37 (+ לְאָכְלָה), Vayikra 18:21, compare Yechezkel 16:21; + בָּאֵשׁ by fire Melachim Beis 23:10; with a direct object alone devote Yechezkel 20:26; with a direct object + בָּאֵשׁ alone, devote by fire Devarim 18:10 Melachim Beis 16:3; Melachim Beis 17:17; Melachim Beis 21:6 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:6, Yechezkel 20:31 (on the practice compare Nowack^{Arch. ii. 205 f.} Benzinger^{Arch. 433 f.} Toy Ez:Yechezkel 16:20; Yechezkel 20:26 G.F. Moore^{JBL xvi (1897), 161 ff.}).

cause to pass through, with a direct object + בְּ Yechezkel 14:15; Yechezkel 47:3, Yechezkel 47:4 + v Yechezkel 47:4 (where ins. בְּ, compare Co Berthol Toy), Bamidbar 31:23^(×2); with a direct object + בְּתוֹךְ Tehillim 136:14; with a direct object person alone Tehillim 78:13, + אֶל־ Yechezkel 46:21, + עַד־אֲשֶׁר Nechemia 2:7; with a direct object of (sound of) שׁוֹפָר Vayikra 25:9, + בְּ v Vayikra 25:9; with a direct object קוֹל = proclamation, + בְּ Shemos 36:6, Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:5; Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:22 = Ezra 1:1, Ezra 10:7 (+ לִ person), Nechemia 8:15.

let pass through, with a direct object + בְּ person Devarim 2:30.

cause to pass by, with a direct object + עַל־, Yechezkel 37:2 (+ סָבִיב סָבִיב), + עַל־פְּנֵי Shemos 33:19, + לִפְנֵי Shmuel Alef 16:8, Shmuel Alef 16:10 and (לִפְנֵי om.) v Shmuel Alef 16:9.

let pass by, with a direct object מוֹעֵד Yirmiya 46:17 he hath let the set time pass by (in mocking appell. of Pharaoh).

cause arrow to pass beyond one Shmuel Alef 20:36.

cause to pass under rod, for counting, Yechezkel 20:37 (compare Qal 5 g).

Cause to pass away, take away, kingdom (direct object) + מִן person Shmuel Beis 3:10, compare Esther 8:2, put off robe + מֵעַל Yonah 3:6; with a direct object of sin Shmuel Beis 12:13 (חַטָּאת) Shmuel Beis 24:10 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:8; Iyov 7:21 (עָוֹן), + מֵעַל person Zecharia 3:4; Yirmiya 11:15 (reading יַעֲבִרוּ מֵעַל Ewald Graf Giesebrecht); put away evil (direct object) from (מִן), Melachim Alef 15:12 compare ‖ Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:8; Zecharia 13:2; Koheles 11:10; with a direct object alone Tehillim 119:39 Esther 8:3; also take me away (with suffix) Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:23 (c. מִן) v Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:24; turn away eyes (direct object) + מִן Tehillim 119:37.—Breishis 47:21 read הֶעֱבִיד לַעֲבָדִים Sam Septuagint Vulgate Olshausen Kn Dillmann Kau Holz; Yirmiya 15:14 read וְהַעֲבַדְתִּיךָ Septuagint Targum Codd Giesebrecht; Shmuel Beis 12:31 read וְהֶעֱבִיד Hoffmann^{journal ZAW ii (1882), 53 f.} Gratz Klostermann Budde Kittel H.P. Smith, compare Driver Löhr; Shmuel Beis 19:41 (for ויעברו Kesiv, הֶעֱבִרוּ Keri) read עֹבְרִים Septuagint Wellhausen Budde Löhr H.P. Smith, וַיַּעַבְרוּ Kittel (see Qal 5 a); Yechezkel 48:14 read Qal (so Kesiv; see Qal 6 f); מַעֲבִרִים עַם־י׳ Shmuel Alef 2:24 not good is the report which I hear the people of י׳ spreading (compare 2), so Ewald Th Wellhausen Driver Kittel Löhr Revised Version margin, but order of words difficult; > (ye) make the people of י׳ transgress Vulgate Authorized Version Revised Version; text doubtful; מַעֲבִיר נוֹגֵשׂ Daniel 11:20 one causing an exactor to pass through Ewald and elsewhere Revised Version, Bev proposes נוֹגֵשׂ מ׳ an exactor causing to pass away the glory, etc.

עֵ֫בֶר

noun (masc.) Shmuel Alef 14:40 region across or beyond, side (on format. compare Barth^{NB 144}; compare especially Assyrian êbru, êbirtu, the same êbirtan, adverb beyond);—ע׳ absolute Shmuel Alef 14:4 +; construct Yehoshua 24:4 +; with suffix עֶבְרוֹ Yeshaya 47:15; plural construct עֶבְרֵי Yeshaya 7:20 Yirmiya 48:28 (si vera l., see below); with suffix עֲבָרָיו Melachim Alef 5:4 Yirmiya 49:32 (read probably עֶבְרֵיהֶם, so old versions), עֶבְרֵיהֶם Shemos 32:15;—

region across or beyond anything (usually wady, river, or sea), mostly c. preposition: בְּעֵבֶר אַרְנוֹן Bamidbar 21:13 Shoftim 11:18, compare Yirmiya 25:22; אֶל־ע׳ הַיָּם Devarim 30:13 b, מֵעֵבֶר לַיָּם v Devarim 30:13 a beyond the sea; מֵע׳ לְנַהֲרֵי־כוּשׁ Yeshaya 18:1, compare עַד־מֵע׳ Melachim Alef 4:12 (מִן on the side of, on, see מִן 1 c; so usually c. ע׳); but also (rarely) מֵע׳ from the other side of Tzefania 3:10 Iyov 1:19 Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:2; absolute הָע׳ Shmuel Alef 26:13 to the other side (sc. of a ravine; after וַיַּעֲבֹר); בְּעֵבֶר הָעֵמֶק Shmuel Alef 31:7, read perhaps בְּעָרֵי הָע׳, so Klostermann Budde H.P. Smith; בְּעֶבְרֵי פִי־פָ֑חַת Yirmiya 48:28 beyond the mouth of a chasm is doubtful; Giesebrecht proposes בְּחֹרֵי כֵפֵי בַתֹּת in the rock-holes of the precipices; especially (chiefly Hexateuch, 37 times) ע׳הַיַּרְדֵּן (30 times), or (less often, Yehoshua 13:32 + 13 times), לַיַּרְדֵּן, לְיַרְדֵּן יְרֵחוֹ (only c. מֵע׳), of either E. Jordan (36 times) or W. Jordan land (9 times) according to standpoint of speaker or writer: A. E. Jordan (from standpoint of writer) Breishis 50:10, Breishis 50:11 Yehoshua 17:5 Devarim 1:1, Devarim 1:5; Devarim 4:41, Devarim 4:46, Devarim 4:47, Devarim 4:49; Yehoshua 1:14; Yehoshua 12:1; Yehoshua 13:8, Bamidbar 22:1; Bamidbar 32:19; Bamidbar 34:15 Yehoshua 13:27, Yehoshua 13:32; Yehoshua 14:3; Yehoshua 20:8, Shoftim 7:25; Shoftim 10:8 Shmuel Alef 31:7 Yeshaya 8:23 Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:63; Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:37; from standpoint of speaker, Yehoshua 7:7, Yehoshua 24:8, Yehoshua 1:15; Yehoshua 2:10; Yehoshua 9:10; Yehoshua 18:7; Yehoshua 22:4, Shoftim 5:17; in Bamidbar 35:14 (Moses speaks) it is land opposite to Can., compare Bamidbar 32:32; in Devarim 3:8 (Moses speaks) writer ascribes his own standpoint to Moses; (often further topogr. note is added, for example מִזְרָ֫חָה Devarim 4:49 +, מִזְרַח הַששֶּׁמֶשׁ Yehoshua 1:15 +, etc.); אֶל־עֵבֶר בְּנֵי יִשְׂר׳ Yehoshua 22:11 toward the region opposite the sons of Israel appar. also refers to E. side (see Steuernagel on text). B. W. Jordan (9 times), from standpoint of speaker Devarim 3:20, Devarim 3:25 (Moses), also Devarim 11:30 (but here + מְבוֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ, and in all following some special designation of West), + יָ֫מָּה Yehoshua 5:1 (D; from standpoint of those just crossed), Yehoshua 12:7 (opposite East v Yehoshua 12:1-6), Yehoshua 22:7 (the same; Kesiv מעבר, Keri בְּעֵבֶר), compare Yehoshua 9:1 (as Yehoshua 5:1); + וָהָ֑לְאָה Bamidbar 32:19 a (opposite East v b); in Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:30 מֵע׳ לַיַּר׳ מַעֲרָ֑בָה ע׳ seems = side (see below). Also בְּע׳ הַנָּהָר beyond the river (Euphrates) Yehoshua 24:2, Yehoshua 24:14, Yehoshua 24:15 (E; Kesiv Keri מֵע׳), מֵע׳ Shmuel Beis 10:16 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:16 beyond, and Melachim Alef 14:5 to the other side of (see מִן 1 c); מֵע׳ from beyond the river only Yehoshua 24:3, in all these = beyond the Euphr. eastward, from standpoint of those west of Euphr.; so plural בְּעֶבְרֵי הַנּ׳ Yeshaya 7:20; poss. also ע׳ alone (si vera l.) in the difficult passage Bamidbar 24:24; ע׳ הַנָּהָר = region beyond the river (Euphr.) westward (from standpoint of those in Babylonia or Persia) Nechemia 2:7, Nechemia 2:9; Nechemia 3:7 Ezra 8:36; also Melachim Alef 5:4^(×2) (written in Babylonian; compare Biblical Aramaic עֲבַר, and Driver^{Intr (6) 504}). compare late Assyrian ebir nâri Schrader^{KB iv. 304, 1. 7 from below;} Schrader's Keilinschriften 3. 188, 437.

(Opposite) side, side: מֵע׳ הַלָּז Shmuel Alef 14:1 on yonder side seems transition to this meaning; מֵהָע׳ מִזֶּה twice, v Shmuel Alef 14:4 = on one side, on the other side, so לְע׳ אֶחָד twice v Shmuel Alef 14:40; even מִשְּׁנֵי עִבְרֵיהֶם Shemos 32:15 on their two sides (that is of tablets); אֶל־ע׳ הָאֵפוֹד בָּ֑יְתָה Shemos 28:26 toward the inner side of the ephod; in Melachim Alef 7:20, Melachim Alef 7:30 ע׳ appar. = at the side of or opposite, but the archit. details are obscure; מִכָּל־עֲבָרָיו מִסָּבִיב Melachim Alef 5:4 on all sides of him, round about, מִכָּל־עֲבָרָיו Yirmiya 49:32 (reads עֶבְרֵיהֶם old versions Giesebrecht) from all sides of them (all directions, = מִכָּל־סְבִיבָ֑יִךְ v Yirmiya 49:5); אֶל־עֵבֶר פָּנָיו יֵלֵ֑כוּ to the side of their faces (that is in front, straight forward) they (always) went Yechezkel 1:9, Yechezkel 1:12; Yechezkel 10:22, compare עַל־ע׳ פָּנֶיהָ Shemos 25:37 to give light upon the space in front of it; אִישׁ לְעֶבְרוֹ תָּעוּ Yeshaya 47:15 they wander away each in his own direction (regardless of thee).—On Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:30 see above

עֵ֫בֶר²

proper name (masc.) Eber (perhaps eponym of Hebrews, form inferred from עִבְרִי, compare reff. there);—

‘son’ of Shelaḥ, and ‘grandson’ of Arpachshad Breishis 10:24 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:18; Breishis 11:14, Breishis 11:15; ‘father’ of Peleg and Joktan Breishis 10:25 (J; with especially ref. to Joktan v Breishis 10:26, that is to Arabians) = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:19 (compare v Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:20), of Peleg specif. Breishis 11:16, Breishis 11:17 (P; with especially ref. to Abr. v Breishis 11:26) compare Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:25 (see v Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:27); in Breishis 10:21 Shem is called אֲבִי כָּל־בְּנֵי־עֵבֶר; Septuagint Εβερ.—ע׳ Bamidbar 24:24 perhaps (si vera l.) belongs not here (= עִבְרִים Hebrews, Septuagint Ἐβραίους, so Gesenius' Thesaurus), but under i. עֵבֶר = the (land) beyond (the river), ‖ אַשּׁוּר, so Dillmann Kau.

a Gadite chief Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:13, Septuagint Ωβηδ, SeptuagintL Εβερ.

Benjamite names:

Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:12, Septuagint Ωβηδ, SeptuagintL Αβερ.

Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:22 (עֵבֶר van d. H. Ginsb; עֶבֶד Baer), Septuagint Ωβδη, A Ωβηδ, SeptuagintL Αβερ.

a priest Nechemia 12:20 SeptuagintL Αβεδ.

עִבְרִי

adjective et n. gent. Hebrew, either

put into the mouth of foreigners (Egyptian and Philist.), or

used to distinguish Isr. from foreigners ( = one from beyond, from the other side, that is probably (in Hebrew trad.) from beyond the Euphrates (compare Yehoshua 24:2, Yehoshua 24:3 E), but poss. in fact (if name given in Canaan) from beyond the Jordan; compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 2 bStade's Hebrew Grammar § 1 b Konig^{i. 18 ff.} Wellhausen^{Isr. u. Jüd. Gesch. 7} Kau^{‘Eber’ and ‘Hebräer’} in Ri^{HWB 332, 600}.—On connexion of ע׳ (in wide sense) with Ḫabirû (Tel Am.) see Winckler^{Gesch. Isr. 17 ff.; Sem. Studies in Mem. of Kohut, 605 ff.} EMey^{Aegyptica [Ebers], 75} compare Glaser^{MVG 1897, 255 ff.} Konig^{Exp. Times xi. 238}; opposite Jastr^{JBL xi (1892), 118 ff.} Say^{Monuments 188, 333} WMM^{As. u. Eur. 396});—ms. ע׳ Breishis 39:14 +; fs. עִבְרִיָּה Devarim 15:12 Yirmiya 34:9; mpl. עִבְרִים Breishis 43:32 +, עִבְרִיִּים Shemos 3:18; fpl. עִבְרִיֹּת Shemos 1:15 + 2 times, -וֹת Shemos 1:16; word not in P;—

adjective

אִישׁ עִבְרִי Breishis 39:14 compare v Breishis 39:17 (both J), Breishis 41:12.

אִישׁ עִבְרִי Shemos 2:11 compare v Shemos 2:13; Shemos 21:2 (all E), Devarim 15:12; Yirmiya 34:9, Yirmiya 34:14; f. Devarim 15:12; Yirmiya 34:9.

n.

Shemos 1:16, Shemos 1:19; Shemos 2:7 (all f.) Shemos 2:6 (all E), Shmuel Alef 4:6, Shmuel Alef 4:9; Shmuel Alef 13:19; Shmuel Alef 14:11; Shmuel Alef 29:3.

Breishis 40:15 Shemos 1:15 (f.; both E), Shmuel Alef 13:3; Shmuel Alef 14:21; Breishis 43:32; especially in אֱלֹהֵי הָעִבְרִים Shemos 3:18; Shemos 5:3; Shemos 7:16; Shemos 9:1, Shemos 9:13; Shemos 10:3 (all J); singular only אַבְרָם הָע׳ Breishis 14:13, ע׳ אָנֹ֑כִי Yonah 1:9.—Septuagint Ἐβραῖος, Ἐβραία, Breishis 14:13 τῷ περάτῃ.—Shmuel Alef 13:7 read probably for וְעִבְרִים וגו׳, וְעָֽבְרוּ מַעְבְּרוֹת הַיַּרְדֵּן (Wellhausen), or, better, וַיַּעַבְרוּ Driver Kittel Löhr; > וְעַם רַב Klostermann Budde H.P. Smith.

עִבְרִי²

proper name (masc.) Levite name, Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:27; Septuagint Αβαι, A Ωβδι, SeptuagintL Αβαρια.

עֶבְרָה

noun (fem.) overflow, arrogance, fury;—absolute ע׳ Yeshaya 13:9 +; construct עֶבְרַת Tzefania 1:18 +; with suffix עֶבְרָתִי Yeshaya 10:6 +, etc.; plural עֲבָרוֹת Iyov 21:30; construct עַבְרוֹת Tehillim 7:7 Iyov 40:11;—

overflow, excess, outburst, ע׳ זָדוֹן Mishlei 21:24 excess of insolence; עַבְרוֹת אַפֶּ֑ךָ Iyov 40:11 outbursts of thine anger.

arrogance, of Moab Yeshaya 16:6 (+ גַּאֲוָה, גָּאוֹן), hence Yirmiya 48:30 (+ the same v Yirmiya 48:29).

overflowing rage, fury:

of men, Breishis 49:7 (poem in J), Amos 1:11 (both ‖ אַף), Yeshaya 14:6 Mishlei 14:35, שֵׁבֶט עֶבְרָתוֹ Mishlei 22:8 (that is rod wielded by him in fury, see also Eicha 3:1 below), עַבְרוֹת צוֹרְרָ֑י Tehillim 7:7 the outbursts of fury of my foes.

of י׳ Hoshea 5:10; Hoshea 13:11 (‖ אַף), Chavakuk 3:8 (‖ the same), Yeshaya 9:18 Eicha 2:2 Tehillim 90:9, Tehillim 90:11; + חֲרוֹן אַף Yeshaya 13:9, ‖ the same v Yeshaya 13:13 Tehillim 78:49 (+ זַעַם), Tehillim 85:4; אֵשׁ עֶבְרָתִי Yechezkel 21:36 (‖ זַעַם), Yechezkel 22:31 (‖ the same), v Yechezkel 21:21; Yechezkel 38:19; שֵׁבֶט עֶבְרָתוֹ Eicha 3:1 (compare Mishlei 22:8 above); עַם עֶבְרָתִי Yeshaya 10:6 (that is object of my rage), compare דּוֹר עֶבְרָתוֹ Yirmiya 7:29; יוֹם עֶבְרַת י׳ Tzefania 1:18 day of י׳’s fury (coming judgment), so Yechezkel 7:19 (del. Co Berthol, after Septuagint, as gloss from Zp); so יוֹם עֶבְרָה Tzefania 1:15 Mishlei 11:4; יוֹם עֲבָרוֹת Iyov 21:30; compare עֶבְרָה Mishlei 11:23.

עָבַר²

verb denom.

be arrogant, infuriate oneself;—past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִתְעַבָּ֑ר Tehillim 78:62; 2nd masculine singular הִתְעַבַּ֫רְתָּ Tehillim 89:39; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיִּתְעַבֵּר Devarim 3:26, וַיִּתְעַבָּ֑ר Tehillim 78:21, Tehillim 78:59; participle (בינוני) מִתְעַבֵּר Mishlei 14:16; Mishlei 26:17; with suffix מִתְעַבְּרוֹ Mishlei 20:2;—

be arrogant, Mishlei 14:16 (opposite יָרֵא).

put oneself in a fury, become furious. c. בְּ person Devarim 3:26 Tehillim 78:62; c. עִם person Tehillim 89:39; absolute Tehillim 78:21, Tehillim 78:59 (all of God); of man, c. עַל rei. Mishlei 26:17.

incite one to fury for oneself Mishlei 20:2 (si vera l.; compare De Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 54 f.).

עֶבְרֹן

proper name (place) Yehoshua 19:38 (Septuagint Ελβων, A SeptuagintL Αχραν); read probably עַבְדֹּן q.see

עָבוֹת²

adjective having interwoven foliage, leafy;—עֵץ עָבוֹת leafy trees Yechezkel 20:28; Nechemia 8:15; עֵץ עָבֹת Vayikra 23:40; f. אֵלָה עֲבֻתָּה Yechezkel 6:13 a leafy terebinth.—עָבוֹת Shmuel Beis 23:4 Tehillim 77:18 see ii. עָב under עוּב.

עֲבֹת

noun (masc.) ^{Shoftim 15:13} + et f. ^{Shoftim 15:14}; Iyov 39:10 (twisted) cord, rope; cordage; interwoven foliage (?);—absolute ע׳ Shemos 28:14 + 2 times; construct עֲבוֹת Yeshaya 5:18 Tehillim 129:4; with suffix 3rd masculine singular עֲבֹתוֹ Iyov 39:10, 3rd masculine plural עֲבֹתֵ֑ימוֹ Tehillim 2:3; plural עֲבֹתִים Shoftim 15:13 +, עֲבֹתֹת Shemos 28:14 +, etc.;—

cord, rope:

as fetter, Shoftim 15:13, Shoftim 15:14; Shoftim 16:11, Shoftim 16:12; Yechezkel 3:25; Yechezkel 4:8; Iyov 39:10 (of wild ox), so also probably Tehillim 118:27 bind the festal victim (חַג) with cords Ewald Olshausen De Hupfeld-Nowack Driver and elsewhere; > with branches Cheyne, compare Baethgen Duhm; figuratively of authority Tehillim 2:3 (‖ מוֹסְרוֹתֵימוֹ), Tehillim 129:4.

עֲבוֹת הָעֲגָלָה Yeshaya 5:18 that is with which a cart is drawn (in simile; ‖ חַבְלֵי הַשָּׁוְא); figuratively עֲבֹתוֹת אַהֲבָה Hoshea 11:4 with the cords of love, of י׳’s drawing Isr. (‖ חַבְלֵי אָדָם).

cordage, cord, of (twisted) golden chains on high priest’s breast-piece (all P): מַעֲשֵׂה עֲבֹת, cordage-work Shemos 28:14, Shemos 28:22; Shemos 39:15; שַׁרְשְׁרֹת הָעֲבֹתֹת Shemos 28:14 the chains of cords (cordlike chains); שְׁתֵּי (הָ)עֲבֹתֹת the two cords v Shemos 28:24, Shemos 28:25; Shemos 39:17, Shemos 39:18.

interwoven foliage (?) in phr. (עַל־)בֵּין עֲבֹתִים of top of a vine Yechezkel 19:11 (clouds Ewald Hitzig-Smend Toy, read then עָבוֹת); of cedar, Yechezkel 31:3, Yechezkel 31:10, Yechezkel 31:14, but in these certainly clouds, so Septuagint Ewald Hitzig-Smend Co and elsewhere

עָגַב

verb have inordinate affection, lust (compare Arabic عَجِبَ wonder, admire, عَجِيبٌ beloved; and (on sens. obsc. in Mishnaic Hebrew) Levy^{NHWB iii. 616});—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular עָֽגְבָה Yechezkel 23:7, Yechezkel 23:9, Yechezkel 23:12; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular וַתַּעְגַּב v Yechezkel 23:5, + v Yechezkel 23:16 Kesiv (Keri וַתַּעְגְּבָה), וַתַּעְגְּבַה v Yechezkel 23:20 (Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 191 c Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 228 b); participle (בינוני) plural עֹגְבִים Yirmiya 4:30;—lust after (עַל־), only in figuratively of relations of Samaria and Jerus. (personif.) with foreigners Yechezkel 23:5, Yechezkel 23:9, Yechezkel 23:12, Yechezkel 23:16, Yechezkel 23:20, so with a direct object v Yechezkel 23:7; pt. as noun paramours Yirmiya 4:30.

עוּגָב

noun (masc.) a musical instr. (poss. from above √, because of sensuous or appealing tones);—Breishis 4:21 (J; + כִּנּוֹר), Iyov 21:12 (‖ תֹּף, כִּנּוֹר), Tehillim 150:4 (+ מִנִּים), with suffix עֻגָבִי Iyov 30:31 (‖ כִּנֹּרִי);—according to Targum a reed-pipe or flute (אַבּוּבָא), Vulgate a Pan’s pipe (organon, made up of several reeds together); Nowack^{Arch. i. 277} Benzinger^{Arch. 276} think of bag-pipe (= סוּמְפֹּנְיָה Daniel 3:5, Daniel 3:10, Daniel 3:15), compare also in Wellhausen^{ψψ Eng.Tr. 219}; > a stringed instr. Septuagint Peshitta (Breishis 4:21).

עֻגָה

עֵ֫גֶל

noun (masc.) ^{Shemos 32:24} calf (as rolling or gamboling? compare כַּר fr. כָּרַר; Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Phoenician (Pu.) עגל the same Lidzbarski ³³⁶; עגילו Palmyrene proper name the same Cook⁸⁹; Aramaic ܥܶܓܠܴܐ, ܥܓܶܠܬܳܐ, עִיגְלָא, עֲגַלְתָּא, the same; Assyrian [agalu], plural agalê probably calves Delitzsch^{HWB 16} (compare against this Jen^{Kosmol. 110}, but see also Jäger^{BAS ii. 2, 286}); Arabic عِجْلٌ, the same; Ethiopic እጕል, እጉልት, compare also Hom^{NS 226});—ע׳ absolute Shemos 32:19 +; construct Shmuel Alef 28:24 +; with suffix עֶגְלֵךְ Hoshea 8:5; plural עֲגָלִים Hoshea 13:2 +; construct עֶגְלֵי Melachim Alef 12:28 +;—calf, Yeshaya 11:6; Yeshaya 27:10 in simile of leaping mts. Tehillim 29:6; in simile of foot-sole of cherubim Yechezkel 1:7; ע׳ מַרְבֵּק that is a stall-fed (fatted) calf, Shmuel Alef 28:24, in simile Yirmiya 46:21; Malachi 3:20, compare ע׳ מִתּוֹךְ מַרְבֵּק Amos 6:4; ע׳ לֹא לֻמָּ֑ד Yirmiya 31:18 an untrained calf; עֶגְלֵי עַמִּים Tehillim 68:31 calves of peoples, that is peoples like calves, so most; perhaps read בַּעֲלֵי עמ׳ Matthes Cheyne Gunkel^{Schöpf. 66 f.} compare Baethgen; calf as sacrif. victim Micha 6:6; Vayikra 9:2, Vayikra 9:3, Vayikra 9:8; cut in two, in ratifying covenant Yirmiya 34:18, Yirmiya 34:19 (compare עֶגְלָה Breishis 15:9); elsewhere image of calf: made at Horeb, ע׳ מַסֵּכָה Shemos 32:4, Shemos 32:8; Devarim 9:16; Nechemia 9:18; ע׳ alone Shemos 32:19, Shemos 32:20, Shemos 32:24, Shemos 32:35; Devarim 9:21 Tehillim 106:19; two set up by Jerob. I in N. Isr., Melachim Alef 12:28, Melachim Alef 12:32; Melachim Beis 10:29; Melachim Beis 17:16 Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:15; Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:8, compare Hoshea 8:5, Hoshea 8:6 (עֶגְלֵךְ, ע׳ שֹׁמְרוֹן), Hoshea 13:2; also Hoshea 10:5 (see i. עֶגְלָה as fin.).

עֶגְלָה

noun (fem.) heifer;—absolute ע׳ Breishis 15:9 +; construct עֶגְלַת Yeshaya 7:21 +; with suffix עֶגְלָתִי Shoftim 14:18; plural construct עֶגְלוֹת Hoshea 10:5 (but see below);—heifer, Yeshaya 7:21, used in ploughing Shoftim 14:18 (figuratively), threshing Yirmiya 50:11 (ע׳ דָשָׁא, in simile, see דּוּשׁ, read perhaps דָשָׁה), figuratively of stateliness etc. Yirmiya 46:20; ע׳ מְלֻמָּדָה Hoshea 10:11 a trained heifer (simile of Ephr.); used for sacrif. Shmuel Alef 16:2 (עֶגְלַת בָּקָר); cut in two for ratifying covenant Breishis 15:9 (J; ע׳ מְשֻׁלֶּשֶׁת; compare עֵגֶל Yirmiya 34:18, Yirmiya 34:19); in cleansing city from blood-guiltiness Devarim 21:3 (ע׳ בָּקָר), v Devarim 21:4^(×2), Devarim 21:6; once of calves worshipped in N. Isr. Hoshea 10:5 (where read probably עֵגֶל, so Septuagint Wellhausen Nowack G.A. Smith, compare Cheyne, see also the following sfs. ms.).

עֶגְלָה²

proper namef. wife of David (on sense heifer compare לֵאָה, רָחֵל; see also Gray^{Prop. N. 92, Noldeke. 27});—Shmuel Beis 3:5 (Septuagint Αιγαλ, A Αιγας, SeptuagintL Αγλα) = Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:3 (Septuagint Αλα, A Αγλα, SeptuagintL Εγλα).

עָגֹל

adjective round;—absolute עָגֹל Melachim Alef 7:23 + 2 times, עָגוֹל Melachim Alef 10:19 Divrei HaYamim Beis 4:2; fpl. עֲגֻלּוֹת Melachim Alef 7:31;—round Melachim Alef 7:31^(×2) (opposite מְרֻבָּעוֹת), Melachim Alef 10:19; ע׳ סָבִיב round in circuit (perimeter) Melachim Alef 7:23 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 4:2; Melachim Alef 7:35.

עֲגָלָה

noun (fem.) cart (from rolling of wheels; Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Phoenician (Pu.) עגלת (?) Lidzbarski³³⁶; Aramaic עֲגַלְתָּא, ܥܳܓܶܠܬܳܐ; Sem. loan-word in Egyptian āgartȧ Bondi³⁸, ʿagolt Erman^{Egyptian 491}; compare also Wilkinson^{Anc. Egyptian (1878), i. 223–241, especially 235, also 249} (illustr. vehicles drawn by cattle, compare Shmuel Alef 6:7 Bamidbar 7:3));—absolute ע׳ Shmuel Alef 6:7 +, with suffix עֶגְלָתוֹ Yeshaya 28:28; plural עֲגָלוֹת Breishis 45:19 +; construct עֶגְלֹת Bamidbar 7:3;—cart, used for transporting persons and things Breishis 45:19, Breishis 45:21, Breishis 45:27; Breishis 46:5, Shmuel Alef 6:7^(×2), Shmuel Alef 6:8, Shmuel Alef 6:10, Shmuel Alef 6:11, Shmuel Alef 6:14^(×2), Shmuel Beis 6:3^(×2) = Divrei HaYamim Alef 13:7^(×2); Bamidbar 7:3 (ע׳ צָב covered carts), v Bamidbar 7:3, Bamidbar 7:6, Bamidbar 7:7, Bamidbar 7:8; in simile Amos 2:13, עֲבוֹת הַע׳ Yeshaya 5:18 cart-rope, אוֹפַן ע׳ Yeshaya 28:27 of (threshing-) wagon (compare Driver^{Am. p. 228}), גִּלְגַּל ע׳ v Yeshaya 28:28 the same;—ע׳ = warchariots only Tehillim 46:10 (Duhm transport-wagons).

עָגִיל

n.[m.] hoop, ring;—absolute ע׳ Bamidbar 31:50 probably ear-ring (+ טַבַּעַת, etc.); plural עֲגִילִים עַל־ אָזְנָ֑יִךְ Yechezkel 16:12 (+ נֶזֶם עַל־אַפֵּךְ nose-ring).

עֶגְלוֹן

proper name (compare Gray^{Prop. N. 92, Noldeke. 27});—

m. a king of Moab, Shoftim 3:12, Shoftim 3:14, Shoftim 3:15, Shoftim 3:17^(×2), Septuagint Εγλωμ.

location Yehoshua 10:3, Yehoshua 10:5, Yehoshua 10:23, Yehoshua 10:37; Yehoshua 12:12; Yehoshua 15:34, c. ה location Yehoshua 10:34, מֵעֶגְלוֹ֫נָה v Yehoshua 10:36; Septuagint Οδολλαμ Yehoshua 10; Αιλαμ Yehoshua 12:12, A Εγλωμ, SeptuagintL Εγλων, and so Yehoshua 15:39; site ʿAǧlân, N. of Telel-Ḥesy, Buhl^{Geogr. 192}.

עֶגְלַ֫יִם

Yechezkel 47:10 in עֵין ע׳ q.see

עָגוּר

n.[m.] appar. understood by Mass. as name of a bird; very uncertain; crane according to Saad. (Is), but note of crane not suitable (Tristr^{NHB 239 f.});—וְתוֹר וְסוּס וְעָגוּר Yirmiya 8:7; כְּסוּס עָגוּר Yeshaya 38:14 (but here gloss Klostermann Brd Dillmann Dn Cheyne^Haupt); Gesenius' Thesaurus and (in Je) Hitzig Graf Giesebrecht del. וְ and take ע׳ as adjective of סוס = twittering or the like; Gesenius' Thesaurus assumes transpos. from גער, Ethiopic ግዕረ: cry.

עַד

עֵד

עִדֹּא

see עדד.

עִדָּה

noun (fem.) menstruation, so old versions (proposes time, period);—plural absolute בֶּגֶד עִדִּים Yeshaya 64:5 that is stained garment (figuratively of best deeds of guilty people; ‖ טָמֵא).

עִדּוֹ

proper name (masc.) Iddo;—

father of an officer of Sol. עִדֹּא Melachim Alef 4:14; Septuagint Αχελ, A Σαδωκ, SeptuagintL Αχιαβ.

grandfather of prophet Zechariah עִדּוֹ Zecharia 1:1, עִדּוֹא v Zecharia 1:7; Septuagint Αδδω.

a Levite עִדּוֹ Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:6; Septuagint Αδει, SeptuagintL Αδδω.

a priestly name עִדּוֹא van d. H. Ginsb (Baer עִדּוֹ) Nechemia 12:4; Septuagintא etc. Αδαιας; also עדיא v Nechemia 12:16 Kesiv (עֲדָיָא?), Keri עִדּוֹא; Septuagintא τῷ Αδδαι, SeptuagintL τῷ Αδαιᾳ.

a seer עִדּוֹ הַחֹזֶה Divrei HaYamim Beis 12:15 = הַנָּבִיא עִדּוֹ Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:22; Septuagint Αδ(δ)ω; = יֶעְדּוֹ Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:29, Ιωηλ(δ).

עָדָה

verb pass on, advance (Arabic (عدو) عَدَا pass by, also run = Ethiopic ዐደወ: pass by; Aramaic עדי go along, go by (often for Hebrew עָבַר), Aph. remove; Syriac ܥܕܳܐ pass by, come, c. ܥܰܠ fall upon);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular עָדָה Iyov 28:8 the fierce lion hath not advanced upon it (sc. the way).

participle (בינוני) מַעֲדֶה בֶּגֶר Mishlei 25:20 removing a garment (compare Breishis 38:19 Targum, Yonah 3:6 Hebrew and Targum).

עַד²

and וָעֶ֑ד (so always) noun (masc.) perpetuity ( = advancing time, compare Assyrian adû, time, at the present time);—

of past time: מִנִּי עַד Iyov 20:4; הררי עד Chavakuk 3:6 ancient mountains (compare עולם 1) so Breishis 49:26 (read הַרְרֵי עַד for הוֹרַ֔י עַד).

of future time, לָעַד (usually לָעַ֑ד) for ever:

during lifetime, of king Tehillim 21:7 Mishlei 29:14; of others Tehillim 9:19; Tehillim 22:27; Tehillim 61:9 Mishlei 12:19.

of things, לָעַד בַּצּוּר יֵחָֽצֵב֑וּן Iyov 19:24.

of continuous existence, of nations, גְּבֶרֶת עַד (of Babylon, compare עולם 2 c) Yeshaya 47:7 (yet see iii. עַד II 3); anger, לעד Amos 1:11; elsewhere עֲדֵי עַד Tehillim 83:18; Tehillim 92:8 Yeshaya 26:4; Yeshaya 65:18.

of divine existence, שֹׁכֵן עַד Yeshaya 57:15; attributes, לָעַד Tehillim 111:3, Tehillim 111:10; Tehillim 112:3, Tehillim 112:9; residence in Zion, עֲדֵי עַד Tehillim 132:14; law of God, לָעַד Tehillim 19:10; promise as to dynasty of David, לָעַד Tehillim 89:30; עֲדֵי עַד Tehillim 132:12; inheritance of land, לָעַד Tehillim 37:29; continuous relations between God and his people Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:9; Yeshaya 64:8; Micha 7:18 לעד.

phrases (see עולם 2nd masculine): (לְ)עוֹלָם וָעֶ֑ד Tehillim 9:6; Tehillim 10:16; Tehillim 21:5; Tehillim 45:7, Tehillim 45:18; Tehillim 48:15; Tehillim 52:10; Tehillim 104:5; Tehillim 119:44; Tehillim 145:1, Tehillim 145:2, Tehillim 145:21; Shemos 15:18; Micha 4:5; Daniel 12:3; לָעַד לְעוֹלָם Tehillim 111:8; Tehillim 148:6; עַד־עוֹלְמֵי עַד Yeshaya 45:17.—Yeshaya 30:8 read (עַד־עוֹלָם) לְעֵד for a witness (Peshitta Septuagint Targum Gesenius Ewald Dillmann Cheyne Duhm) for Masoretic Text לָעַד.

עַד³

n.[m.] booty, prey (upon which one advances, falls); compare Targum עֲדִי booty, Yeshaya 10:2; Yeshaya 33:23 +.—יֹאכַל עַד Breishis 49:27 devour prey (‖ שָׁלָל); עַד שָׁלָל מַרְבֶּה Yeshaya 33:23 prey of great spoil; קוּמִי לְעַד Tzefania 3:8 (of God) my rising up to the prey (Br^MP); אֲבִי עַד Yeshaya 9:5 father (that is distributor) of booty (Hitzig Kn Kue Br^MP Duhm Cheyne^Haupt; > Gesenius Ewald Dillmann and elsewhere everlasting father).

עַד⁴

in poetry עֲדֵי (†Bamidbar 24:20, Bamidbar 24:24 Tehillim 104:23; Tehillim 147:6; Iyov 7:4; Iyov 20:5, and in עֲדֵי עַד Yeshaya 26:4; Yeshaya 65:18 Tehillim 83:18; Tehillim 92:8; Tehillim 132:12, Tehillim 132:14: compare אֱלֵי, עֲלֵי), preposition as far as, even to, up to, until, while (Aramaic עד, ܥܕ; Sabean עד, עדי, Mordtm^{ZMG xxx (1876), 27}; D.H. Müller^{xxxvii (1883), 414}, Assyrian adi Delitzsch's Assyrian Grammar § 81 a (Arabic عَدَا is except); perhaps akin to عَدَا pass on, advance to, Konig^{ii. 304, 309}: עֲדֵי probably from ground-form ʿădăy, Olshausen^{428, 421} Konig^{ii. 309 ff.}; but Lagarde^{Sym. ii. 101–3, Mitth. i. 231 f.}; as plur. like אַחֲרֵי);—with with suffix עָדַי Bamidbar 23:18 +, עָדֶיךָ Micha 4:8 +, etc., עָֽדֵיכֶם †Iyov 32:12; Melachim Beis 9:18 עַד־הֵם occurs; —as far as,- even to (differing from אֶל, in that the limit is included, as in Arabic حَتَّى Fl^{Kl.Schrader. i. 402 f.}):

preposition

of space:—

Breishis 11:31 ויבאו עד חרן as far as Haran, Breishis 12:6; Breishis 13:3, Breishis 13:12 + often, Yeshaya 8:8 עד צואר יגיע, Yeshaya 15:4 עד יהץ נשׁמע קולם, Yeshaya 25:12; Yeshaya 26:5 Tehillim 36:6 אמונתך עד שׁחקים, Tehillim 69:2 באו מים עד נפשׁ (compare Yonah 2:6; Micha 1:9; Yirmiya 4:10, Yirmiya 4:18), Tehillim 90:3 תָּשֵׁב אֱנוֹשׁ עַד דַּכָּא, Iyov 11:7, etc.; pregn. Tehillim 118:27 אִסְרוּ־חַג עַד וגו׳ bind … (and lead) up to …; Yeshaya 57:9 עַד מֵרָחוֹק even to afar (מִן 1 c); with the goal a person, Shemos 22:8 עד האלהים יָבֹא דְבַר שְׁנֵיהֶם, Shmuel Alef 9:9 Tehillim 65:3 עָדֶיךָ כָל־בָּשָׂר יָבֹאוּ, Yeshaya 45:24; Iyov 4:5, שׁוּב עַד י׳ Hoshea 14:2 and elsewhere (see שׁוּב, stronger than שׁוּב אֶל־י׳); poet. Bamidbar 24:20 וְאַחֲרִיתוֹ עֲדֵי אֹבֵד shall be even unto destruction, shall issue in destruction, v Bamidbar 24:24; rarely with verbs of attending, הֶאֱזִין עַד †Bamidbar 23:18, הִתְבּוֹנֵן עַד †Iyov 32:12; Iyov 38:18 (usually אֶל). Before another preposition, Shmuel Alef 7:11 עַד מִתַּחַת ל׳, Melachim Alef 4:12 עַד מֵעֵבֶר ל׳, עַד מֵעַל Yechezkel 41:20, עַד לִפְנֵי Esther 4:2, and even (si vera l.) עַד אֲלֵיהֶם Melachim Beis 9:20: compare עַד נֶגֶד Nechemia 3:16, Nechemia 3:26, עַד נֹכַח Shoftim 19:10 +.

In the combin. מִן … (וְ)עַד, as Breishis 10:19 מצידון … עַד עַזָּה from Sidon … as far as Gaza + often (see מן 5 a); and idiomatically, not of actual space, but of classes of objects, to express the idea of both … and, as Breishis 19:4 מִנַּעַר וְעַד זָקִן from young to old (inclusively) = both young and old (see מִן 5 b); without מִן, even to = including, Vayikra 11:42 Bamidbar 8:4 even to (that is including) its base and its flowers, compare Shmuel Alef 18:4.

Of time:

(a) even to, until Breishis 8:5 even to the 10th month, Shemos 12:6 unto the 14th day, etc., v Shemos 12:15, Shemos 12:18, etc.; עד היום unto this day, Breishis 19:37, Breishis 19:38, עד היום הזה Breishis 26:33; Breishis 32:33, both + often; עד יום followed by inf. Shemos 40:37 Yehoshua 6:10 Shoftim 18:30; עד בקר till morning, Shemos 12:10 + (15 times), עד הבקר Shemos 16:23 + (11 times); so עד (ה)ערב Shemos 18:13, Shemos 18:14 +, poet. עֲדֵי ערב Tehillim 104:23; עַד עוֹלָם Breishis 13:15 + often; עַד שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים Melachim Beis 4:35; עַד דּוֹר וָדוֹר Yeshaya 13:20; see also בְּלִי, and בִּלְתִּי, ad fin. And followed by another preposition, Vayikra 23:16 עַד מִמָּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת, Nechemia 13:9 עַד אַחַר הַשַּׁבָּת. With the force of against, Shoftim 6:31 יוּמַת עַד הַבֹּקֶר; compare (b) end. (b) followed by inf., both of past time, as Breishis 8:7; Breishis 32:25 עַד עֲלוֹת הַשַּׁחַר, Breishis 33:3; Breishis 34:5, and especially of future time, as Breishis 3:19 עַד שׁוּבְךָ until thy returning, Breishis 19:22; Breishis 27:45 Devarim 7:20, Devarim 7:23; Devarim 20:20; Devarim 22:2; Devarim 28:20, Devarim 28:22,—both + often; compare עַד בּוֹשׁ Shoftim 3:25 +; עַד תֹּם … Vayikra 25:29 + 10 times; עַד תֻּמָּם Devarim 2:15 +; עַד כַּלֵּה †Melachim Beis 13:17, Melachim Beis 13:19; Ezra 9:14; עַד כַּלּוֹתָ(ם) Shmuel Alef 15:18 Yirmiya 9:15 +; עַד אוֹר הַבֹּקֶר Shoftim 16:2 +; also in עַד הִשְׁמִדְךָ אֹתָם Devarim 7:24 (compare Devarim 28:48 Yehoshua 11:14; Melachim Alef 15:29; Melachim Beis 3:25; Melachim Beis 10:17; Melachim Beis 24:20 [‖ Yirmiya 52:3 הִשְׁלִיכוֹ]; on the anom. הִ׳, see Driver, read probably הַ׳); and most probably (compare Konig^{iii. 583}) in שָׂרִיד (לָהֶם) עַד בִּלְתִּי הִשְׁאִיר לוֹ Devarim 3:3 (see Driver), + 5 times (see above p. 117), read probably הַשְׁאִיר. With the force of towards the end of, against, especially in עַד בֹּאָ(ם), Breishis 43:25 Shemos 22:25 Bamidbar 10:21 והקימו את המשׁכן עַד בֹּאָם used to set up the tab. against their coming, Melachim Beis 16:11; Yechezkel 33:22; compare Shmuel Beis 17:22. Ellipt. Shoftim 16:2 עַד אוֹר הַבֹּקֶר וַהֲרַגְנוּהוּ (wait) till the morning dawn, and we slay him! (G.F. Moore; Driver^{§ 115}). (c) with various adverbs of time (q.see), as עַד אָנָה, עַד־מָה, עַד מָתַי, עַד הֵנָּה, עַד כֹּה, עַד כֵּן, עַד עַתָּה, compare עַד כַּמֶּה פְעָמִים (see מָה 4 b). (d) to suggest also degree (compare 3), עַד אֵין מָקוֹם until there is no place Yeshaya 5:8, עַד אֵין מִסְפָּר †Tehillim 40:13 Iyov 5:9; Iyov 9:10; compare Vayikra 26:18 וְאִם־עַד־אֵלֶּה and if even up to these things, even the end of all these punishments, you do not hearken to me.

During (rare; proposes as far as the limit indicated, including the time previous, compare ἕως: so often Aramaic עַד, ܥܕ, while), Melachim Beis 9:22 with is peace עַד זְנוּנֵי אִיזֶבֶל during, etc.? Iyov 20:5 עֲדֵי רָ֑גַע during a moment; followed by inf. Shoftim 3:26 עַד הִתְמַהְמְהָם during their delaying, Shemos 33:22 Iyov 7:19 עַד בִּלְעִי רֻקִּי Yonah 4:2.

Of degree, to suggest a higher or the highest; as עַד מְאֹד even to muchness, that is exceedingly (see מְאֹד), עַד מְהֵרָה even to haste †Tehillim 147:15; Esther 5:6 וּמַה־בַּקָּשָׁתֵךְ עַד־חֲצִי הַמַּלְכוּת וְחֵעָשׂ, v Shemos 5:3; Esther 7:2. See also עַד לְ, below. With a neg., to express not even as much as, Devarim 2:5 לא אתן לכם מארצם עַד מִדְרַךְ כַּף רָ֑גֶל, and with אֶחָד, †Shemos 9:7 לֹא מֵת … עַד־אֶחָד, simil. Shemos 14:28 Shoftim 4:16; Shmuel Beis 17:22 (read אֶחָד for אַחַד: see Driver). Sometimes almost = Lat. adeo, Shmuel Alef 2:5 (si vera l.) עַד עֲקָרָה ילדה שׁבעה even to the barren, she hath borne seven, that is even the barren hath, etc., Iyov 25:5 הן עד־יָרֵחַ ולא יאהיל, Chaggai 2:19. In comparisons, to the degree of, even like (rare), Nachum 1:10 עַד סִירִים סְבֻכִים (text doubtful) entangled even like thorns, Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:27 לא הִרְבּוּ עד בני יהודה did not multiply to the degree of (that is like), etc. Cf. Shmuel Beis 23:19 עַד הַשְּׁלשָׁה לֹא בָא did not attain (in prowess) unto the three.

Conj.

until:—

עַד אֲשֶׁר until that: (a) with pf., of past time, Shemos 32:20 ויטחן עד אשׁר דָּק (Devarim 9:21), Devarim 2:14 עד אשׁר עָבַרְנוּ, Yehoshua 3:17; Yehoshua 8:26; Shoftim 4:24; Melachim Alef 10:7 (Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:6), Melachim Beis 17:20, Melachim Beis 17:23; Melachim Beis 21:16; with suggestion of degree, Shmuel Alef 30:4 (followed by אֵין, Melachim Alef 17:17; rarely of future time (the ‘future perfect,’ Driver^§17), Shmuel Beis 17:13 (of degree), Yechezkel 34:21. So עַד שֶׁ- (often in Mishnaic Hebrew; see שֶׁ), †Shoftim 5:7 Shir HaShirim 3:4^(×2); עַד כִּי †Breishis 26:13 עַד כִּי־גָדַל מְאֹד, Breishis 41:49 Shmuel Beis 23:10 Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:15; and (of future time) עַד אֲשֶׁר אִם †Breishis 28:15; Bamidbar 32:17; Yeshaya 6:11. (b) with impf., usually of future time, Breishis 27:44 עַד אֲשֶׁר תָּשׁוּב חֲמַת אָחִיךָ, Breishis 29:8; Shemos 23:30; Shemos 24:14 Vayikra 22:4; Bamidbar 11:20; Bamidbar 20:17; Shmuel Alef 22:3; Hoshea 5:15 +; rarely of past time, Yonah 4:5 עד אשׁר יראה till he should see, Koheles 2:3. So (of the future) עַד שֶׁ- †Shir HaShirim 2:7, Shir HaShirim 2:17; Shir HaShirim 3:5; Shir HaShirim 4:6; Shir HaShirim 8:4 Tehillim 123:2; and עַד כִּי †Breishis 49:10 עַד כִּי־יָבֹא שִׁילֹה.

עַד alone, until: (a) with pf., of past time, Yehoshua 2:22; Yehoshua 4:23 עַד־עָבַרְנוּ, Shmuel Alef 20:41 עַד דָּוִד הִגְדִּיל, Shmuel Beis 21:10; Melachim Alef 11:16; Yechezkel 28:15; of the future (rare), Melachim Beis 7:3 עַד מָ֑תְנוּ, Yechezkel 39:15; Daniel 11:36 עַד כָּלָה זָ֑עַם. So עַד אִם (of the fut.), †Breishis 24:19, Breishis 24:33; Yeshaya 30:17; Rus 2:21. (b) with impf., of future time, Shmuel Alef 1:22 (ellipt.: compare Shoftim 16:2, 12 a (b) end), Yeshaya 22:14; Yeshaya 26:20; Yeshaya 32:15; Yeshaya 62:1, Yeshaya 62:7 Tehillim 57:2; Tehillim 71:18; Iyov 27:5 +; of the past (rare), Shemos 15:16 עד יעבור עמך, v Shemos 15:16 Yehoshua 10:13 (poet.) עַד יִקֹּם גּוֹי אוֹיְבָיו, Tehillim 73:17; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:34. In poetry, עַד is sometimes used to mark not an absolute close, but an epoch, or turning-point, in the fut., as Tehillim 110:1 (see De) עַד אָשִׁית אֹיְבֶיךָ הֲדֹם לְרַגְלֶיךָ, Hoshea 10:12; Iyov 14:6 (but see 3); after a neg. cl., Breishis 49:10; Bamidbar 23:24 Yeshaya 42:4 Tehillim 71:18; Tehillim 112:8; Iyov 8:21 (but read probably with Ewald Hitzig Dillmann Duhm and elsewhere עֹד he will yet, etc., understanding v Iyov 8:20 as present, not future).

While (rare: compare 12 b):—

with pf., Shmuel Alef 14:19 עד דִּבֶּר שׁאול while Saul spake.

with impf., Tehillim 141:10 יַחַד אָנֹכִי עַד אֶעֱבֹר while I at the same time pass by.

with ptcp., Iyov 1:18 עַד זֶה מְדַבֵּר (but read probably עֹד, as v Iyov 1:16, Iyov 1:17), Nechemia 7:3.

עַד שֶׁ- (without verb) †Shir HaShirim 1:12. So עַד לֹא while not = ere yet (of past time) †Mishlei 8:26 עד לא עשׂה ארץ (so עַד לָא, ܥܰܕ ܠܴܐ, often, for example Breishis 24:15 Targum, Mt 1:18); and עד אשׁר לא (of the fut.) †Koheles 12:1, Koheles 12:2, Koheles 12:6 (compare Talm. עַד דְּלָא, Mishn. עַד שֶׁלֹּא).

Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare), Yeshaya 47:7 Thou saidst, I shall be for ever a lady, עַד לֹא שַׂמְתְּ אֵלֶּה עַל לִבֵּךְ to the point that (going so far in thy pride that) thou didst not, etc. (but Hitzig Cheyne Duhm and elsewhere join גְּבֶרֶת עַד I shall be for ever, a lady perpetually; see 1. עַד); Iyov 14:6 (Dillmann De Budde Duhm) to the point that he may enjoy, etc., Yeshaya 22:14 (Duhm). In Yehoshua 17:14 עַד אֲשֶׂר עַד כֹּה בֵּֽרְכַנִי י׳, read עַל אֲשֶׁר because that (Gesenius Buhl; compare Dillmann).

עַד לְ, a strengthened from for עַד found chiefly in Ch Ezr, and occurring in most of the above senses. Thus

of space: עַר לְבוֹא חֲמָת Yehoshua 13:5; Shoftim 3:3; Divrei HaYamim Alef 13:5, עד ל׳ מִדְבָּ֫רָה Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:9, עד ל׳ מצרים Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:8; עַד לְמִזְרַח הַנָּ֑יְא Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:39, עַד לַמְצָד Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:17; עַד לִגְרָר Divrei HaYamim Beis 14:12; עַד לַשָּׁמַיִם Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:9; Ezra 9:6; עַד לְמֵרָחוֹק Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:15; Ezra 3:13.

Of time: עד לעולם Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:25; Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:7; עד למנחת הערבEzra 9:4; עַד לַדָּבָר הַזֶּה Ezra 10:14 probably during (Keil: Gesenius Be with regard to, strengthened for לְּ); followed by inf. עַד לַעֲלוֹת הַמִּנְחָה Melachim Alef 18:29; עַד לִכְלוֹת Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:20; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:28; עַד לְכַלֵּה Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:10; Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:1; עד להשׁחית Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:16; עַד לָמוּת Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:24 (‖ Melachim Beis 20:1 לָמוּת alone); Ezra 10:14 עד להשׁיב.

Of degree: עַד לְמַחֲנֶה גָדוֹל even unto (till there was) a great camp, Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:23; עַד לְמַ֫עְלָה = exceedingly Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:12; Divrei HaYamim Beis 17:12; Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:8; עַד לִמְאֹד Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:14; עַד לְשִׂמְחָה Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:30; עַד לָרֹב Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:10; עַד לְאֵין מַרְפֵּא Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:16.

עֲדֶ֫נָֿה

Koheles 4:2 Baer Ginsb (and elsewhere עֲדֶ֫נָּה), abbrev. עֲדֶן Koheles 4:3 (from עַד־הֵנָּה, עַד־הֵן; compare Mishnaic Hebrew עֲדַיִן, for example Ned. Koheles 9:10), adverb hitherto, still.

עָדָה²

verb ornament, deck oneself (Aramaic in deriv. עִידּוּת, ornament; compare perhaps עֲדִיתָא, scurf, scab; Arabic عَدْوَى mange, scab, etc. [as sheathing, or excrescence?], also عِدَّى, broad stone for covering grave, etc., Lane¹⁹⁷⁹);—

past (עבר) 2nd feminine singular וְעָדִית Yechezkel 23:40; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תַּעְדֶּה Yeshaya 61:10, וַתַּ֫עַד Hoshea 2:15; 2nd feminine singular תַּעְדִּי Yirmiya 4:30; Yirmiya 31:4, וַתַּעְדִּי Yechezkel 16:13; 1st singular with suffix וָאֶעְדֵּךְ v Yechezkel 16:11; imperative (ציווי) ms. עֲדֵה־נָא Iyov 40:10;—ornament; usually

reflex., deck oneself with, with a direct object of (woman’s) ornaments, of bride Yeshaya 61:10 (simile; compare הִלְבִּישׁ v a); figuratively of Isr. Hoshea 2:15; Yirmiya 31:4; Jerus. Yirmiya 4:30 (with a direct object cogn.; ‖ לָבַשׁ), Yechezkel 16:13 (מַלְבּוּשֵׁךְ in ‖ clause), Yechezkel 23:40 (with a direct object cogn.).

metaphorically, עֲדֵה־נָא גָאוֹן וגו׳ Iyov 40:10 deck now thyself [Job] with majesty.

c. 2 direct object, וָאֶעְדֵּךְ עֶ֑דִי Yechezkel 16:11 and I decked thee [Jerus.] with finery (? read Hiph. וָאַ׳).

עָדָה³

proper namef. (ornament; or (Arabic غُدْوَةٌ, غَدْوَةٌ) morning) Septuagint Αδ(δ)α;—wife,

of Lamech Breishis 4:19, Breishis 4:20, Breishis 4:23.

of Esau Breishis 36:2, Breishis 36:4, Breishis 36:10, Breishis 36:12, Breishis 36:16 (P^R).

עֲדִי

n.[m.] coll. ornaments (with which one is decked);—ע׳ absolute Yeshaya 49:18, עֶדִ֑י Yechezkel 16:11; Yechezkel 23:40; construct Shmuel Beis 1:24 +; with suffix עֶדְיוֹ Shemos 33:4 +, עֶדְיְךָ Shemos 33:5, etc.;—ornaments:

of women Shmuel Beis 1:24 (ע׳ זָהָב), Yirmiya 2:32; of Jerus. under figuratively of woman Yirmiya 4:30 (ע׳ זָהָב), Yechezkel 16:11; Yechezkel 23:40 (all direct object cogn. c. עָדָה), Yeshaya 49:18 (simile).—עֲדִי עֲדָיִים Yechezkel 16:7, read probably עַד עִדִּים unto menstruation (maturity), JDMich Co Berthol (reading בְּעֵת עִדּ׳), Toy. עֶדְיֵךְ Tehillim 103:5 [with suffix ref. to נַפְשִׁי] is doubtful, Septuagint τ. ἐπιθυμίαν σου (reading אַוָּתֵךְ? this usually c. נֶפֶשׁ]; thine age, prime (compare 1. עַד) JDMich Gesenius' Thesaurus; conject. in Hupfeld-Nowack Cheyne Duhm.

of men Shemos 33:4, Shemos 33:5, Shemos 33:6.

in generally, as feeding pride Yechezkel 7:20 (צְבִי עֶדְיוֹ, with suffix ref. to silver and gold, v Yirmiya 7:19).

trappings of horse Tehillim 32:9 (De Hupfeld, compare Duhm), si vera l., but probably corrupt; Cheyne (after see Ortenb.) לִבְלֹ֑ם עַד יוּבַל אֵלֶיךָ must be curbed till he can be brought, etc.

עֲדִיאֵל

proper name (masc.) (an ornament is Ēl; compare Sabean proper name עדאל Hal ^{51, 2});—

a Simeonite Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:36, SeptuagintA Εδιηλ, SeptuagintL Αδαηλ.

a priest Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:12, Septuagint Αδιηλ.

father of officer, David’s time Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:25, Septuagint Ωδιηλ.—Cf. Gray^{Prop. N. 225, 231}.

עֲדָיָ֫ה(וּ)

proper name (masc.) (י׳ has decked himself);—

עֲדָיָ֫הוּ father of a Judaean captain Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:1, Septuagint Αζεια, A Αδαια, SeptuagintL Αδαιου (genit.). Elsewhere עֲדָיָה:

grandfather of Josiah Melachim Beis 22:1, Septuagint Εδεινα, A Ιεδιδα, SeptuagintL Οζιου (genit.).

a Levite Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:26, Septuagint Αζεια, A SeptuagintL Αδ(α)ια.

a Benjamite Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:21, Septuagint Αβια, A Αλαια SeptuagintL Αδαια.

a priest Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:12 Nechemia 11:12, Septuagint Αδαια(ς).

two with foreign wives:

Ezra 10:29, Septuagint Αδα, SeptuagintL Αδαιας.

v Ezra 10:39, Septuagint Αδαια, SeptuagintL Αδδαιας.

a Judahite Nechemia 11:5, Septuagint Οζ(ε)ια, SeptuagintL Αδαια.

עֵדָה²

עֵדָה³

see עוד.

עִדָּה²

(א) see עדד.

עֲדִי²

(וּ) see II. עדה.

עֲדֻלָּם

proper name (place) old Canaanite city, Septuagint Οδολλαμ, with king Yehoshua 12:15, in the שְׁפֵלָה Yehoshua 15:35 (P; SeptuagintL Αδαλαμ), compare Micha 1:15; Nechemia 11:30; (re-) built by Rehob. according to Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:7 (Οδολαμ); מְעָדַת ע׳ (read מְצֻדַת, מְצָדַת, see מְצָרָה under I. ערר) Shmuel Alef 22:1; Shmuel Beis 23:13; Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:15; site probably ʿÎd-el-Mîye, c. Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:13 miles WSW. from Bethlehem, see G.A. Smith^{Geogr. 229} Buhl^{Geogr. 193} and reff.

עֲדֻלָּמִי

adjectivegent. Adullamite;—אִישׁ ע׳ Breishis 38:1, הָע׳ as noun v Breishis 38:12, Breishis 38:20.

עֵ֫דֶן

n.[m.] luxury, dainty, delight;—plural absolute עֲדָנִים luxuries Shmuel Beis 1:24 si vera l. (read perhaps סְדִינִים [see סָדִין] Klostermann Gratz H.P. Smith); plural with suffix Yirmiya 51:34 he hath filled his belly מֵעֲדָנָ֑י from my dainties (figuratively of Nebuchad.’s plunder; Giesebrecht reads מַעֲדַנָּי֑); Targum Graf Rothst join with following: from my dainties hath he thrust me forth; figuratively of delights of worshipping י׳, נַחַל עֲדָנֶיךָ Tehillim 36:9 (‖ דֶּשֶׁן בֵּיתֶ֑ךָ).

עֵ֫דֶן²

proper name (masc.) Levite name Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:12 (Septuagint Ιω(α)δαν), Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:15 (Septuagint Οδομ, SeptuagintL Ιαδαν).

עַדְנָא

proper name (masc.)

man with foreign wife Ezra 10:30 (Ginsb; עַדְנָה van d. H. Baer), Septuagint Αιδαινε, SeptuagintL Εδνα.

Nechemia 12:5, Septuagintא Αδανας, SeptuagintL Εδνας.

עֶדְנָה

noun (fem.) delight;—Breishis 18:12 (sexual).

עַדְנָה

proper name (masc.)

a prince of Judah Divrei HaYamim Beis 17:14, Septuagint Εδνα(α)ς.

a Manassite Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:21, probably (reading ע׳, with Codd., for עַדְנַח; van d. H. עַדְנָח, Septuagint Εδνα).—Vid. also עַדְנָא.

עָדִין

adjective voluptuous;—fs. עֲדִינָה as noun Yeshaya 47:8, of Babylonian personified, (thou) voluptuous one.—עֲדִינוֹ העצנו Shmuel Beis 23:8, read עוֹרֵר אֶת־ הֲנִיתוֹ, ‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:11 Th Wellhausen Driver, compare Ginsb^note.

עָדִין²

proper name (masc.)

in בְּנֵי ע׳, returned exiles Ezra 2:15 = Nechemia 7:20; Ezra 8:6, Septuagint Αδ(δ)ιν, Ηδ(ε)ιν, etc.

a chief Nechemia 10:17, Septuagint Ηδ(ε)ιν, Αδειν.

עֲדִינָא

proper name (masc.) Reubenite captain, David’s time, according to Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:42, Septuagint Αδ(ε)ινα.

עֵ֫דֶן³

proper nameterr. (probably associated by Hebrew with i. עֵדֶן);—district in which lay garden of י׳, home of Adam and Eve: וַיִּטַּע גַּן־בְּעֵדֶן Breishis 2:8, river יֹצֵא מֵע׳ v Breishis 2:10, קִדְמַת־ע׳ Breishis 4:16; גַּן־ע׳ Breishis 2:15; Breishis 3:23, Breishis 3:24 (all Septuagint Εδεμ); compare כְּגַן־ע׳ Yechezkel 36:35 Yoel 2:3 and כְּע׳ Yeshaya 51:3 (‖ גַּן־י׳), all simile of fertility; ע׳ גַּן־אֱלֹהִים Yechezkel 28:13, עֲצֵי ע׳ אֲשֶׁר בְּגַן הָאֱלֹהִים Yechezkel 31:9, עֲצֵי ע׳ v Yechezkel 31:16, Yechezkel 31:18^(×2) (Septuagint Ez Jo ἡ τρυφή; Is παράδεισος).

עֶ֫דֶן

proper name (? urb. et) terr. conquered by Assyria (probably = iv. עֵדֶן; pointed עֶדֶן, to differentiate from iii. ע׳, compare WMM^{As. u. Eur. 291});—בְּנֵי־ע׳ Melachim Beis 19:12 (Septuagint υἱοὺς Ἔδεμ) = Yeshaya 37:12 (in Telassar), ע׳ alone Yechezkel 27:23 (+ חָרָן וְכַנֶּה); probably = Adini on Middle Euphrates Schrader^{Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament} 2 K^{19, 12} Delitzsch^{Pa 263 f.}.—בֵּית ע׳, see p. 112.

עֲדֶן

see עַד preposition under I. עדה.

עֵ֫דֶר

noun (masc.) Breishis 29, Breishis 2 flock, herd (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic עַדְרָא on Septuagint Γαδερ Breishis 35:16 (= ℌ v Breishis 35:21) v Lagarde^{BN 76 f.}, who assigns ע׳ therefore, plausibly, to III. עדר (غدر), as lagging, loitering);—ע׳ absolute Breishis 32:17^(×2) +, construct Shir HaShirim 4:1 +; with suffix עֶדְרוֹ Yeshaya 40:11 +; plural עֲדָרִים Breishis 29:2 +, construct עֶדְרֵי Micha 5:7 +, etc.;—

flock:

of sheep, ע׳ צֹאן Breishis 29:2, Micha 5:7, ע׳ הַצּ׳ Yoel 1:18; compare Breishis 29:2, Breishis 29:3, Breishis 29:8; Breishis 30:40 (all J), Shmuel Alef 17:34 Yirmiya 51:23 Malachi 1:14; ‖ צֹאן Yechezkel 34:12 (simile), Mishlei 27:23; + בְּהֵמָה Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:28; ע׳ הָֽרְחֵלִים Shir HaShirim 6:6 = Shir HaShirim 4:2 (ins. probably הָֽר׳); sign of desolation Yeshaya 17:2; Yeshaya 32:14 (מִרְעֵה ע׳), Tzefania 2:14 Yirmiya 6:3, of peace Yirmiya 31:24; in simile also Micha 2:12 Yirmiya 31:10 Tehillim 78:52; figuratively of Isr. Yeshaya 40:11 Yirmiya 13:20 (‖ זֹאן), ע׳ יהוה v Yirmiya 13:17, so עֶדְרוֹ Zecharia 10:3.

of goats, ע׳ הָעִוִּים Shir HaShirim 4:1; Shir HaShirim 6:5.

undefined Shoftim 5:16 Iyov 24:2 Shir HaShirim 1:7.

herds, flocks and herds:

incl. sheep, cattle, etc., Breishis 32:17^(×4), Breishis 32:20 (compare v Breishis 32:14; all E)

specif. ע׳ בָקָר Yoel 1:18.—מִגְדַּל־עֵדֶר see p. 154 above

עֵ֫דֶר²

proper name (masc.) (compare Nabataean proper name עדרו = Arabic غُدَرُ Lidzbarski ³³⁷);—a Levite Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:23; Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:30, Septuagint Αιδαθ, Ηλα, A SeptuagintL Εδερ.

עֵ֫דֶר³

proper name (place) in extreme S. of Judah Yehoshua 15:21, site unknown; Septuagint Αρα, A Εδραι, SeptuagintL Εβερ.

עָב³

noun (masc.) Yeshaya 19, Yeshaya 1 and (Melachim Alef 18:44 Konig^{Synt. 163}) f. dark cloud, cloud-mass, thicket;—ע׳ absolute Melachim Alef 18:44 +, construct Yeshaya 18:4; Mishlei 16:15; plural עָבִים Shoftim 5:4 +, עָבוֹת Shmuel Beis 23:4 Tehillim 77:18; construct עָבֵי Shmuel Beis 22:12 Tehillim 18:12; with suffix עָבָיו Tehillim 18:13 (but probably del., see עבר Qal ad fin.);—

dark cloud:

rain-cloud Shoftim 5:4; Yeshaya 5:6; Melachim Alef 18:44, Melachim Alef 18:45 + 9 times.

as high Yeshaya 14:14 Iyov 20:6, + Yechezkel 19:11; Yechezkel 31:3, Yechezkel 31:10, Yechezkel 31:14 (reading עָבוֹת, see עֲבֹת).

chariot of י׳ Yeshaya 19:1 Tehillim 104:3; covering his eyes Iyov 22:14.

casting shadow Yeshaya 25:5, compare Shmuel Beis 23:4.

as swift Yeshaya 60:8, and transient Yeshaya 44:22; Iyov 30:15 (all simile). f. disposed by God Iyov 36:29; Iyov 37:16. g. ע׳ טַל Yeshaya 18:4 cloud of dew, dew-mist (simile).

(cloud-) mass, ע׳ שְׁחָקִים Shmuel Beis 22:12 masses of clouds (enwrapping י׳) = Tehillim 18:12 (v Tehillim 18:13 see above).

thicket as refuge Yirmiya 4:29 (perhaps under Aramaic influence).—עַב Shemos 19:9 see עֲבִי under עבה. 1. עָב see p. 712 above

עֻגָה²

noun (fem.) disc or cake of bread;—absolute ע׳ Hoshea 7:8; Melachim Alef 17:13, construct עֻגַת Melachim Alef 19:6; Yechezkel 4:12; plural עֻגוֹת Breishis 18:6; Bamidbar 11:8; construct עֻגֹת Shemos 12:39;—bread-cake, made of קֶמַח סֹלֶת Breishis 18:6, of קֶמַח Melachim Alef 17:13, of manna Bamidbar 11:8 (verb בִּשֵּׁל), of barley Yechezkel 4:12 (simile); unleavened, עֻגֹת מַצּוֹת Shemos 12:39 (E; verb אָפָה); ע׳ רְצָפִים Melachim Alef 19:6 cake of hot-stones, that is baked on them; metaphorically ע׳ בְּלִי הֲפוּכָה Hoshea 7:8 Ephr. is a cake not turned (that is burnt, ruined).—On ע׳ see Benzinger^{Arch. 85 f.} Nowack^{Arch. i. iii} Kennedy^{Ency. Bib.Bread} and synonyms, Ib.^Cake.

עוֹג

and (Melachim Alef 4:19) עֹג proper name (masc.) (orig. proper name div. according to Robertson Smith^{Sem i.91, 2nd ed. 93});—Og, giant king of Bashan (that is, peculiarly, of a country, see Robertson Smith^l.c.), usually + סִיחוֹן (q.see); Bamidbar 21:33, Bamidbar 32:33, Devarim 1:4; Devarim 3:1, Devarim 3:3, Devarim 3:4, Devarim 3:10, Devarim 3:11, Devarim 3:13; Devarim 4:47; Devarim 29:6; Devarim 31:4; Yehoshua 2:10; Yehoshua 9:10; Yehoshua 12:4; Yehoshua 13:12, Yehoshua 13:30, Yehoshua 13:31 (probably all D), Melachim Alef 4:19; Nechemia 9:22 Tehillim 135:11; Tehillim 136:20; Septuagint Ωγ (Γωγ B Devarim 3:1; Devarim 4:47).

עוּגָב²

עוֹד

and (14 times: Fr^{MM 256}) עֹד, noun a going round, continuance, but used mostly as adverb direct object still, yet, again, besides: with with suffix עוֹדֶנִּי (with appar. verbal form, like אֵינֶנִּי: Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 222 g Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 352 b Konig^{ii. 444, iii. 360} Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 100. 5), †Devarim 31:27; Yehoshua 14:11; Shmuel Alef 20:14, עוֹדִי †Breishis 48:15 Tehillim 104:33; Tehillim 139:18; Tehillim 146:2; עוֹדְךָ Breishis 46:30 + 4 times, f. עוֹדָךְ †Melachim Alef 1:14; עוֹדֶנּוּ Breishis 18:22 + 20 times (never עוֹדוֹ), עוֹדֶנָּה †Melachim Alef 1:22, עוֹדָהּ †Yeshaya 28:4; עוֹדָם †Shemos 4:18 Esther 6:14, Esther 6:3 fpl. עוֹדֶינָה †Eicha 4:17 Kesiv (Keri 1st plural עוֹדֵינוּ); there occur also עוֹר אֲנִי †Shmuel Beis 14:32; Daniel 9:20, Daniel 9:21, and עוֹד הֵם †Yeshaya 65:24:—

as adverb:

(a) expressing continuance, persistence, usually of the past or present, still, yet, Breishis 18:22 ואברהם עודנו עֹמֵד and A., he was still standing before י׳ (note often so עוֹדֶנּוּ after cas. pend., Breishis 44:14 Shmuel Alef 13:7; Melachim Alef 12:2; Yirmiya 33:1; Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:3), Breishis 29:7 הן עוד היום גדול the day is still high, Breishis 31:14; Breishis 43:7 הַעוֹד אֲבִיכֶם חַי, v Breishis 43:27; Breishis 45:3; Shemos 4:18; Shemos 9:2; Bamidbar 19:13; Shoftim 6:24; Shoftim 8:20; Melachim Alef 20:32 הַעוֹדֶנּוּ חַי; Shmuel Beis 14:32 (but Konig^{iii. 558} עַד), Shmuel Beis 18:14; Yeshaya 5:25 ועוד יָדוֹ נְטוּיָה; Yeshaya 10:32 עוֹד הַיּוֹם בְּנֹב לַעֲמֹד still to-day (such is his haste) will he tarry in Nob; Melachim Alef 22:44 עוד העם מְזַבְּחִים the people were still sacrificing, etc. (so Melachim Beis 12:4 +); Shmuel Beis 1:9 כי־כל־עוד נפשׁי בי, Iyov 27:3 (see כֹּל 1st feminine); Micha 6:10 (see הֲ 1 b end, and Ke; but also Wellhausen Nowack); Eicha 4:17 the with suffix is anticipatory, either of eyes (Kesiv) or our (Keri Septuagint), poet. for עוֹד עֵינֵינוּ בָּלוֹת; but Dys Löhr and elsewhere read עַד מָה for ע׳, Bi ¹ Wild simply עוֹד. Divrei HaYamim Beis 14:6 read either עוֹדֵנוּ (with suffix 1st plural antic. of לפנינו), or עוֹד. Twice, peculiarly, עוֹד לֹא still not (Germ. noch nicht) that is not yet (in class. Hebrew טֶרֶם), Yirmiya 40:5 עוֹדֶנּוּ לא ישׁוב, Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:33 ועוד העם לא הֵכִינוּ לבבם (the verb fin. on direct object of לֹא). Sq. וְ, Bamidbar 11:33 הבשׂר עודנו בין שׁנּיהם … ואף י׳ חרה בעם the flesh was still between their teeth …, and (= when) etc., (compare Tehillim 78:30 Iyov 8:12); and often in the phr. (מְדַבְּרִים) מְדַבֵּר (עוֹדָם וגו׳) עוֹדֶנּוּ he (they, etc.) was (were) still speaking, and (= when) etc., Breishis 29:9 עודנו מְדַבֵּר עמם ורחל באה, Melachim Alef 1:22, Melachim Alef 1:42; Melachim Beis 6:33; Esther 6:14; Daniel 9:20, Daniel 9:21, so עוֹד זֶה … Iyov 1:16, Iyov 1:17 (+ v Iyov 1:18 for עַד): and of the future, Melachim Alef 1:14; Yeshaya 65:24 (עוֹד הֵם מְדַבְּרִים ואני אשׁמע); compare Shemos 9:17. (b) Expressing addition or repetition, still, yet, more, Breishis 7:4 כי לימים עוד שׁבעה after yet seven days, Breishis 8:10, Breishis 8:12; Breishis 29:27, Breishis 29:30 עוד שׁבע שׁנים אחרות, Breishis 45:6; Melachim Beis 6:33; Yeshaya 1:5; Chavakuk 2:3 כִּי עוֹד חָזוֹן לַמּוֹעֵד (compare Daniel 10:14; Daniel 11:2, Daniel 11:27, Daniel 11:35), Yirmiya 13:27 אַחֲרֵי מָתַי עוֹד after how long still? with stress on the idea of continuance, Breishis 46:29 וַיֵּבְךְ עַל צַוָּארָיו עוֹד still going on (Authorized Version. a good while), Rus 1:14, Tehillim 84:5 עוד יהללוך they will be still praising thee, Iyov 34:23; with עוֹד prefixed for emph., Shemos 11:1 עוד נגע אחד אביא על פ׳, Yeshaya 49:20; Yeshaya 56:8 עוֹד אֲקַבֵּץ וגו׳, Yechezkel 8:13, Yechezkel 8:15 Tehillim 42:6; Tehillim 92:15 +; in the phr. עוֹד מְעַט וְ followed by pf. consec., †Shemos 17:4 עוד מעט וּסְקָלֻנִי yet a little, and they will stone me, Hoshea 1:4; Yirmiya 51:33, compare Tehillim 37:10, Yeshaya 10:25; Yeshaya 29:17; simil. Yonah 3:4 (compare בְּעוֹד Yeshaya 21:16), Divrei HaYamim Beis 10:5 (but see Septuagint and ‖ Melachim Alef 12:5); עוד … לא no more, both of the past, as Shemos 2:3; Yehoshua 5:1, Yehoshua 5:12; Melachim Alef 10:5, and of the fut., as Breishis 17:5 לא יִקָּרֵא עוד שׁמך א׳, Breishis 32:29; Devarim 31:2; Yeshaya 2:4; Yeshaya 30:20; Yeshaya 62:4; Yirmiya 3:16 + often, לא … עוד Breishis 8:22; so with אֵין Yeshaya 23:10; Yirmiya 10:20; Yirmiya 48:2 Tehillim 74:9 and elsewhere

When the continuance is limited by its nature to a single occurrence, עוֹד becomes = again, Breishis 4:25; Breishis 9:11 לא יִכָּרֵת כל בשׂר עוד, Breishis 18:29 וַיֹּסֶף עוֹד לְדַבֵּר and he added still to speak, that is he spake yet again (so often with יָסַף; see √), Breishis 24:20 וַתָּ֫רָץ עוֹד and she ran again, Breishis 29:33 וַתַּ֫הַר עוֹד, Breishis 35:9; Breishis 37:9; Shemos 3:15; Shemos 4:6; Devarim 3:26; Shmuel Alef 10:22 + often; with עוֹד prefixed, Hoshea 12:10; Yirmiya 31:4, Yirmiya 31:5, Yirmiya 31:23; Yirmiya 32:15; Yirmiya 33:12, Yirmiya 33:13; לא … עוֹד not again, no more, Devarim 13:17; Devarim 34:10.

Still, moreover, besides (not in temporal sense); Breishis 19:12 עֹד מי לך פה whom hast thou here besides? Breishis 43:6 הַעוֹד לָכֶם אָח Amos 6:10; Shmuel Alef 10:22 הֲבָא עוֹד הֲלֹם אִישׁ is there still a man come hither? (sc. besides ourselves: but Septuagint Wellhausen and elsewhere הֲבָא הֲלֹם הָאִישׁ), Breishis 16:11 עוֹד שָׁאַר הַקָּטָן, Breishis 18:8 ועוד לו אך המלוכה, Melachim Alef 22:7, Melachim Alef 22:8; Melachim Beis 4:6 אֵין עוֹד כֶּ֑לִי, Yeshaya 5:4; Yirmiya 36:32; Yechezkel 20:27; Yechezkel 23:38; Yechezkel 36:37; Mishlei 9:9; Koheles 12:9; Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:3; Divrei HaYamim Beis 17:6 +; וְאֵין עוֹד and there is none besides, †Devarim 4:39 (compare v Devarim 4:35), Melachim Alef 8:60; Yeshaya 45:5, Yeshaya 45:6, Yeshaya 45:14, Yeshaya 45:18, Yeshaya 45:22 (compare v Yeshaya 45:21), Yeshaya 46:9; Yoel 2:27; אֲנִי וְאַפְסִי עוֹד †Yeshaya 47:8, Yeshaya 47:10; Tzefania 2:15.

With prefixes:—

בְּעוֹד, literally in the continuance of …, that is (a) while yet: Breishis 25:6 בְּעוֹדֶנּוּ חַי while he was yet alive, Devarim 31:27; Shmuel Beis 12:22 בְּעוֹד הַיֶּלֶד חַי, Yeshaya 28:4 Tehillim 39:2; Iyov 29:5; בְּעוֹדִי alone, = so long as I live, Tehillim 104:33; Tehillim 146:2 (‖ בְּחַיַּי); Shmuel Beis 3:35 בעוד היום, Yirmiya 15:9 בעוד יומם, Mishlei 31:15. (b) within yet, usually of time, Breishis 40:13 בְּעוֹד שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים יִשָּׂא ונו׳ within yet three days, etc., v Breishis 40:19; Yehoshua 1:11; Yeshaya 7:8; Yeshaya 21:16 בְּעוֹד שָׁנָה (followed by pf. cons.), Yirmiya 28:3, Yirmiya 28:11; Amos 4:7; but also of distance, Breishis 48:7 בְּעוֹד כִּבְרַת ארץ לבוא אפרתה (compare Breishis 35:16 ויהי עוד וגו׳); compare SI ² ובעוד שׁלשׁ אמה לה[נָּקֵב].

†מֵעוֹד, literally from the continuance of …, only in the phr. (מֵעוֹדְךָ) מֵעוֹדִי עד היום הזה ever since I was (thou wast) unto this day, Breishis 48:15; Bamidbar 22:30.

עֹדֵד²

proper name (masc.) (restorer);—Septuagint Ωδηδ, Αδαδ:

עֲזַרְיָהוּ בֶן־עו׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:1, so read also v Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:8 (Masoretic Text עֹדֵד alone).

עֹדֵד a prophet Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:9.

עֵד²

noun (masc.) Devarim 17:6 witness (probably from reiterating, hence emphatically affirming);—ע׳ absolute Breishis 31:48 +, construct Shemos 20:13 +; with suffix עֵדִי Iyov 16:19; plural עֵדִים Bamidbar 35:30 +, construct עֵדֵי Tehillim 27:12; Tehillim 35:11; with suffix עֵדַי Yeshaya 43:10, Yeshaya 43:12, etc.;—

witness, testimony, evidence, of things: heap of stones Breishis 31:44, Breishis 31:48, Breishis 31:52, torn animal Shemos 22:12, song of Moses Devarim 31:19, Devarim 31:21, law-book v Devarim 31:26, witness of י׳ against Israel; altar E. of Jordan, c. בֵּין, Yehoshua 22:27, Yehoshua 22:28, Yehoshua 22:34, compare Yeshaya 19:20; Job’s evil condition Iyov 16:8; the moon Tehillim 89:38.

witness, a person:

God, in heaven for Job Iyov 16:19; on earth, for Samuel Shmuel Alef 12:5^(×2) + v Shmuel Alef 12:6 Septuagint Th and most, Jeremiah Yirmiya 42:5; see also Shmuel Alef 20:12 (ins. עֵד bef. י׳ Peshitta Driver Budde Kittel Löhr H.P. Smith); against persons Yirmiya 29:23; Malachi 3:5, nations Micha 1:2; between (בֵּין) persons Breishis 31:50.

Davidic dyn., to nations Yeshaya 55:4.

witnesses, of transfer of property Yirmiya 32:10, Yirmiya 32:12, Yirmiya 32:25, Yirmiya 32:44, betrothal Rus 4:9, Rus 4:10, Rus 4:11; usually of testimony in court, and in civil and social relations, c. בְּ against, Bamidbar 5:13 Yehoshua 24:22 Shmuel Alef 12:5 +, c. קום rise up against Tehillim 27:12; Tehillim 35:11; †עָנָה עֵד שֶׁקֶר בְּ answer (in court) as a false witness against Shemos 20:13 = עֵד שָׁוְא Devarim 5:17, Mishlei 25:18; †לְפִי עֵדִים Bamidbar 35:30; †עַל־פִּי עֵדִ(ים) Devarim 17:6^(×2) at the mouth of witnesses, so Devarim 19:15^(×2).—False witness is ע׳ שֶׁקֶר Shemos 20:13 Devarim 19:18^(×2) Tehillim 27:12 Mishlei 6:19; Mishlei 14:5; ע׳ שְׁקָרִים Mishlei 12:17; Mishlei 19:5, Mishlei 19:9; ע׳ כְּזָבִים Mishlei 21:28; ע׳ חִנָּם Mishlei 24:28; ע׳ בְּלִיַּעַל Mishlei 19:28; ע׳ חָמָס witness of (that is supporting) violence Shemos 23:1 Devarim 19:16 Tehillim 35:11. Faithful witness is ע׳ אֱמוּנִים Mishlei 14:5; ע׳ אֱמֶת Yirmiya 42:5; Mishlei 14:25.

עֵדָה⁴

noun (fem.) testimony, witness, of things (only E);—Breishis 21:30; Breishis 31:52; Yehoshua 24:27^(×2) (J uses עֵד for feminine things).—i. עֵדָה see יעד.

עֵדָה⁵

noun (fem.) only plural Masoretic Text testimonies (always of laws as divine testimonies or solemn charges);—plural absolute עֵדֹת Devarim 4:45; Devarim 6:20; with suffix (of י׳), עֵדֹתִי Tehillim 132:12 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 91 n.), עֵדֹתָיו Devarim 6:17 Tehillim 25:10; Tehillim 99:7; Tehillim 119:2, עֵדוֹתָיו Tehillim 78:56; עֵדֹתֶיךָ Tehillim 93:5; Tehillim 119:22, Tehillim 119:24, Tehillim 119:46, Tehillim 119:59, Tehillim 119:79, Tehillim 119:95, Tehillim 119:119, Tehillim 119:125, Tehillim 119:138, Tehillim 119:146, Tehillim 119:152, Tehillim 119:167, Tehillim 119:168 (Masoretic Text pointing artificial, der. probably from עֵדוּת, reading עֵדֻת for עֵדֹת, or regarding עֵדֹת as contr. from עֵדְוֹת, plural of עֵדוּת [Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 320 b Siegfried-Stade Buhl]; see also Driver Devarim 4:45; Devarim 4:45; Devarim 6:17, Devarim 6:20 are redactional).

עֵדוּת

and עֵדֻת₂₇ noun (fem.) testimony;—ע׳ absolute Shemos 16:34 +, construct Tehillim 19:8 +; plural with suffix עֵדְוֹתֶיךָ Tehillim 119:14 +, עֵדְוֹתָיו Yirmiya 44:23 + 4 times;—

testimony of the Ten Words on the tablets as a solemn divine charge, לֻחֹת הע׳ Shemos 31:18; Shemos 32:15; Shemos 34:29, הע׳ Shemos 25:16, Shemos 25:21; Shemos 40:20; ark as containing tables, אֲרוֹן הע׳ Shemos 25:22; Shemos 26:33, Shemos 26:34; Shemos 30:6, Shemos 30:26; Shemos 39:35; Shemos 40:3, Shemos 40:5, Shemos 40:21 Bamidbar 4:5; Bamidbar 7:89 (all P), Yehoshua 4:16 (Kue הברית [ag. him Dillmann], so Benn Steuernag), הארן לע׳ Shemos 31:7; abbrev. לִפְנֵי הע׳ Shemos 16:34; Shemos 30:36 Bamidbar 17:19, Bamidbar 17:25; עַל הע׳ Shemos 27:21 (= הע׳ Vayikra 24:3), Shemos 30:6 Vayikra 16:13; tabernacle as containing ark of testimony, משׁכן הע׳ tabernacle of the testimony Shemos 38:21 Bamidbar 1:50, Bamidbar 1:53^(×2); Bamidbar 10:11; so אֹהֶל הע׳ Bamidbar 9:15; Bamidbar 17:22, Bamidbar 17:23; Bamidbar 18:2 Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:6.

the code of law in generally (late), as a testimony of God: Tehillim 19:8 Tehillim 119:88; Tehillim 122:4; ‖ תּוֹרָה Tehillim 78:5; ‖ חֹק Tehillim 81:6. In titles, עַל־ שׁוּשַׁן ע׳ Tehillim 60:1, אֶל־שֹׁשַׁנּ֑ים ע׳ Tehillim 80:1 = melody whose first line cp. law as testimony to a choice flower. Special laws of the code are denoted by plural; + חֻקּוֹת etc. Melachim Alef 2:3 Melachim Beis 23:3 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:31 (+ חקים etc.), Yirmiya 44:23; חֻקִּים etc. Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:19; מִצְוֹת Nechemia 9:34; plural of contents of covenant Melachim Beis 17:15; plural elsewhere Tehillim 119:14, Tehillim 119:31, Tehillim 119:36, Tehillim 119:99, Tehillim 119:111, Tehillim 119:129, Tehillim 119:144, Tehillim 119:157. Vid. also iii. [עֵדָה].—For הָעֵדוּת Melachim Beis 11:12 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:11 read probably הַצְּעָדוֹת (compare Shmuel Beis 1:10 Wellhausen and elsewhere).

עָוָה

verb bend, twist (so Arabic عَوَى );—

past (עבר) 1st singular נַעֲוֵיתִי Yeshaya 21:3 Tehillim 38:7; participle (בינוני) construct נַעֲוֵה Mishlei 12:8; f. construct נַעֲוַת Shmuel Alef 20:30 (but read נַעֲרַת Septuagint Wellhausen Driver Siegfried-Stade Budde H.P. Smith);—be bent, bowed down, twisted, ‖ שׁחה Tehillim 38:7; ‖ נבהל Yeshaya 21:3; נַעֲוִה לֵב Mishlei 12:8 one perverted of mind.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular עִוָּה, subj. י׳:—Eicha 3:9 my paths hath he twisted; וְע׳ Yeshaya 24:1 its surface will be distort (‖ בּוֹקֵק הָאָרֶץ).

past (עבר) 1st singular יָשָׁר הֶעֱוֵיתִי Iyov 33:27 the right have I perverted (‖ חָטָא); so 3rd plural הֶעֱזוּ אֶת־דַּרְכָּם Yirmiya 3:21.

עַוָּה

noun (fem.) distortion, ruin;—עַוָּה עַוָּה עַוָּה אֲשִׂימֶנָּה Yechezkel 21:32 (compare √ Pi. Yeshaya 24:1).

עִוְעִים

n.pluralabstr. distorting, warping (for *עַוְעֲוִים);—רוּחַ עִוְעִים Yeshaya 19:14 temper of distorting, that is warped judgment.

עִי

n.[m.] ruin, heap of ruins;—ע׳ absolute Iyov 30:24, construct Micha 1:6; plural עִיִּין (Aramaic form) Micha 3:12, but עִיִּים in the quotation Yirmiya 26:18, and Tehillim 79:1.

עָוֹן

noun (masc.) ^{Yeshaya 22:14} iniquity, guilt or punishment of iniquity;—ע׳ absolute Shemos 28:43 +; עָווֹן Melachim Beis 7:9 Tehillim 51:7; construct עֲוֹן Breishis 15:16 +; עֲווֹן Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:8; with suffix עֲוֹנִי Breishis 4:13 + (Shmuel Beis 16:12 read בְּעָנְיִי), עֲוֹנְךָ Hoshea 9:7 +; עֲוֹנֵ֑כִי Tehillim 103:3; עֲוֹ֔נָהֿ Bamidbar 15:31 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 91 e), etc.; plural עֲוֹנוֹת absolute Tehillim 130:3 +, construct Iyov 13:26 +; עְוֹנֹת absolute Tehillim 65:4, construct Vayikra 16:21 +; with suffix עֲוֹנֹתֶיךָ Yeshaya 43:24, עֲוֹנֹתֵיכֶם Bamidbar 14:34 +, etc.; also עֲוֹנֶיךָ Yechezkel 28:18; עֲוֹנֵינוּ Yeshaya 64:6 +, etc. (Siegfried-Stade doubt all these);—

iniquity, Iyov 15:5; Iyov 20:27 Yirmiya 11:10; Yirmiya 14:7; Yirmiya 16:17 Eicha 2:14 Yechezkel 4:5; Yechezkel 7:13; ‖ חטאת Shmuel Alef 20:1 Iyov 13:23 Yeshaya 5:18; Yeshaya 43:24; Yeshaya 59:2 Yirmiya 5:25; Yirmiya 16:10 Eicha 4:6, Eicha 4:13 Daniel 9:16 Hoshea 4:8; Hoshea 13:12; ‖ פשׁע Iyov 14:17; Iyov 31:33 Tehillim 107:17 Yeshaya 50:1; Yeshaya 53:5; ‖ אשׁמה Ezra 9:6, Ezra 9:7, Ezra 9:13; רעה Iyov 22:5 Hoshea 7:1.

ע׳ נְעוּרַי Iyov 13:26 iniquities of my youth; ע׳ חֶרֶב Iyov 19:29 iniquities calling for the sword; ע׳ פְּלִילִי(ם) Iyov 31:11, Iyov 31:28 iniquity for (to be punished by) judges; שְׁתֵּי עֲוֹנֹתָם Hoshea 10:10 (so read old versions Hitzig and elsewhere); כשׁל בע׳ stumble by iniquity Hoshea 5:5; Hoshea 14:2; compare מִבְשׁוֹל ע׳ Yechezkel 7:19; Yechezkel 14:3, Yechezkel 14:4, Yechezkel 14:7; Yechezkel 18:30; Yechezkel 44:12; לכל־עון Devarim 19:15; אשׁתמרה מע׳ Shmuel Beis 22:24 = Tehillim 18:24; עָוֹן אֲשֶׁר־חֵטְא Hoshea 12:9.

iniquity as recognized, ידע ע׳ Shmuel Alef 3:13; Yeshaya 59:12; Yirmiya 3:13; Yirmiya 14:20; confessed, התודה ע׳ Vayikra 16:21; Vayikra 26:40^(×2), Nechemia 9:2; הגיד ע׳ Tehillim 38:19; לא כסה ע׳ Tehillim 32:5; brought to remembrance, הזכיר ע׳ Bamidbar 5:15 Melachim Alef 17:18; Yechezkel 21:28, Yechezkel 21:29; Yechezkel 29:16; causing shame, יִכָּֽלְמוּ מע׳ Yechezkel 43:10; turned from, שׁוּב מע׳ Daniel 9:13, compare השׁיב מע׳ Malachi 2:6.

(i) phrases of punishment: פקד ע׳ על Shemos 20:5 = Devarim 5:9; Shemos 34:7; Bamidbar 14:18;, Vayikra 18:25 Shmuel Beis 3:8; Yeshaya 13:11; Yeshaya 26:21; Yirmiya 25:12; Yirmiya 36:31; Amos 3:2; without על, Eicha 4:22, פקד ע׳ ב Tehillim 89:33; Iyov 11:6 see II. [נשׁא]; יסּר על ע׳ Tehillim 39:12 chastise for iniquity; שַׁתָּ֯ ע׳לנגדךָ Tehillim 90:8 set our iniquities before thee; גמל כע׳ Tehillim 103:10; שׁמר ע׳ Tehillim 130:3; שׁלּם ע׳ Yeshaya 65:7^(×2); Yirmiya 16:18; Yirmiya 32:18; מַטְבֵּחַ בע׳ Yeshaya 14:21; (2) of forgiveness or removal: העביר ע׳ Shmuel Beis 24:10 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:8; Iyov 7:21 Zecharia 3:4; משׁתי ע׳ Zecharia 3:9; סלח לע׳ Shemos 34:9 Bamidbar 14:19, Tehillim 25:11; Tehillim 103:3; Yirmiya 31:34; Yirmiya 33:8; Yirmiya 36:3; נשׂא ע׳ Shemos 34:7; Bamidbar 14:18, Tehillim 32:5; Tehillim 85:3; Yeshaya 33:24; Hoshea 14:3; Micha 7:18; סר ע׳ Yeshaya 6:7; יכבושׁ ע׳ Micha 7:19; (3) of covering over, כסה על ע׳ Nechemia 3:37; כפּר ע׳ Tehillim 78:38; Mishlei 16:6; Yeshaya 22:14; Yeshaya 27:9; Daniel 9:24; כפּר על ע׳ Yirmiya 18:23; יתכפּר ע׳ Shmuel Alef 3:14; (4) of cleansing from: כבּס מע׳ Tehillim 51:4; מחה ע׳ v Tehillim 51:11; טהר מע׳ Yirmiya 33:8; Yechezkel 36:33; (5) of imputing, reckoning to one: חשׁב ע׳ ל Shmuel Beis 19:20 Tehillim 32:2; (ל) זכר ע׳ Tehillim 79:8; Yeshaya 64:8; Yirmiya 14:10; Hoshea 8:13; Hoshea 9:9; יִזָּכֵר ע׳ Tehillim 109:14; בקשׁ (ל)ע׳ Iyov 10:6; Yirmiya 50:20; (6) פדה מע׳ Tehillim 130:8 ransom from iniquity.

Guilt of iniquity (not always easy to disting. from 1; Siegfried-Stade give more, Buhl fewer, under 2);—‖ תועבות Yechezkel 36:31; ‖ דם Yeshaya 59:3; ‖ חמם Yechezkel 9:9; ע׳ פעור Yehoshua 22:17; ע׳ סדם Yechezkel 16:49; ע׳ בצעוֹ Yeshaya 57:17; שְׁנֵי עונם Yechezkel 4:4; נִכְתָּם עֲוֹנֵךְ לְפָנַי Yirmiya 2:22 the guilt of thine iniquity is marked before me; מצא ע׳ Breishis 44:16 Tehillim 36:3.

ע׳ בְ: guilt of iniquity upon one Bamidbar 15:31 Shmuel Alef 20:8; Shmuel Beis 14:32; לא ע׳ לִי Iyov 33:9 (‖ זַךְ); בלי־עון Tehillim 59:5 without my guilt.

guilt, as great, increased: רֹב עָוֹן Yirmiya 13:22; Yirmiya 30:14, Yirmiya 30:15; Yechezkel 28:18; Hoshea 9:7; לֹא־שָׁלֵם ע׳ Breishis 15:16; ע׳ עָֽבְרוּ רֹאשִׁי Tehillim 38:5; ע׳ עֲקֵבַי יְסוּבֵּנִי Tehillim 49:6; ע׳ הִשִּׂיגוּנִי Tehillim 40:13; ע׳ גברו מני Tehillim 65:4; עַם כֶּבֶד ע׳ Yeshaya 1:4; בע׳ נלקח Yechezkel 33:6.

as a condition, בע׳:

חוללתי was I brought forth Tehillim 51:7;

גָּוַע expire Yehoshua 22:20; c. מות die Yirmiya 31:30; Yechezkel 3:18, Yechezkel 3:19; Yechezkel 18:17, Yechezkel 18:18; Yechezkel 33:8, Yechezkel 33:9.

Consequence of, or punishment for, iniquity (Siegfried-Stade include most of these under 2, and do not recognize 3; Buhl thinks this meaning rare, giving only Breishis 4:13; Yeshaya 5:18);—אִם יִקְּ֯רֵךְ ע׳ בדבר הזה Shmuel Alef 28:10 no punishment shall happen unto thee for, etc.; נשׂא ע׳ bear the punishment for iniquity of others Shemos 28:38; Vayikra 10:17 (take away ע׳ Dillmann Nowack^{ii. 233 n.}) Vayikra 16:22; Bamidbar 30:16, Yechezkel 4:4, Yechezkel 4:5, Yechezkel 4:6; בע׳ Yechezkel 18:19, Yechezkel 18:20^(×2); one’s own, Shemos 28:43 Vayikra 5:1, Vayikra 5:17; Vayikra 7:18; Vayikra 17:16; Vayikra 19:8; Vayikra 20:17, Vayikra 20:19; Vayikra 22:16; Bamidbar 5:31; Bamidbar 14:34; Bamidbar 18:1^(×2), Bamidbar 18:23, Yechezkel 14:10; Yechezkel 44:10, Yechezkel 44:12; גדול ע׳מנשׂוא Breishis 4:13 my punishment is greater than I can bear; נִרְצָה עֲוֹנָהּ Yeshaya 40:2 her punishment is accepted, compare רצה ע׳ Vayikra 26:41, Vayikra 26:43; ומצאנוּ ע׳ Melachim Beis 7:9 punishment will overtake us; תנה ע׳ על ע׳ Tehillim 69:28 add punishment to their punishment; ע׳ הוא יסבל Yeshaya 53:11 the consequences of their iniquities he shall bear, compare ע׳ סָבָ֑לְנוּ Eicha 5:7; הפגיע בו ע׳ Yeshaya 53:6; נִקָּה מע׳ freed from punishment Bamidbar 5:31 Iyov 10:14; בי אני העון Shmuel Alef 25:24 on me the punishment; עלי הע׳ Shmuel Beis 14:9; בע׳ c. various vbs.: Breishis 19:15 Vayikra 26:39^(×2) Tehillim 31:11; Tehillim 106:43; Yirmiya 51:6; Yechezkel 4:17; Yechezkel 7:16; Yechezkel 24:23; Yechezkel 39:23; עת ע׳ קץ Yechezkel 21:30, Yechezkel 21:34; Yechezkel 35:5; see also: Mishlei 5:22 (‖ חַבְלֵי חטאת), Yeshaya 30:13; Yeshaya 64:5, Yeshaya 64:6; Eicha 4:22; Yechezkel 4:4; Yechezkel 14:10^(×2); Yechezkel 32:27.

עָוָה²

verb denom. (Gerber⁹⁰) commit iniquity, do wrong (Aramaic עוי commit sin, עֲוָיָא sin, compare Levy^{NHWB iii. 626});—

(late) past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular עָֽוְתָה Esther 1:16 she hath done wrong (c. עַל); 1st plural עָוִינוּ Daniel 9:5 we have committed iniquity (‖ חָטָא).

commit iniquity;—past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הֶעֱוָה Shmuel Beis 19:20; 1st singular הֶעֱוֵיתִי Shmuel Beis 24:17 (‖ חָטָא); 1st plural הֶעֱוִינוּ Melachim Alef 8:47 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:37, Tehillim 106:6 (all ‖ חָטָא); infinitive (מקור) absolute הַעֲוֵה Yirmiya 9:4, construct with suffix הַעֲוֹתוֹ Shmuel Beis 7:14.—Iyov 33:27 see I. עָוָה.

עַוָּה²

proper name (place) city conquered by Assyrians;—עַוָּה Melachim Beis 17:24 (van d. H. עַוָּא) = עִוָּה Melachim Beis 18:34; Melachim Beis 19:13 = Yeshaya 37:13; Septuagint Αια(ν), Ανα, and (Melachim Beis 19:13) Ουδου, A Αυτα, SeptuagintL Αιναγ, etc.; site in N. Syria Winckler^{Alttest. Unters. 102 f.} Benzinger; Sachau^{ZA xii (1897), 48} proposes Emma (Tab. Pent.) = Ἴμμα Ptol see Melachim Beis 19:15^(×2), mod. ʿImm betw. Antioch and Aleppo.—i. עַוָּה see under I. עוה.

עֲוִיל

see II. עול.

עֲוִית

proper name (place) in Edom Breishis 36:35 = Keri Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:46 (Kesiv עיות); Septuagint Γεθθαιμ, but SeptuagintL Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:46 Ευιθ.

עוּל

verb give suck (Arabic غيل, غَالَ give suck (while pregnant); compare Aramaic ܥܽܘܠܴܐ foetus, sucking child; ܥܺܝܠܴܐ foal, so Ethiopic ዕዋል Talm עִילָה);—

participle (בינוני) fpl. עָלוֹת giving suck, of cows Shmuel Alef 6:7, Shmuel Alef 6:10, ewes Tehillim 78:71 and (figuratively of returning exiles) Yeshaya 40:11; of both Breishis 33:13.

עוּל²

noun (masc.) sucking child, suckling;—construct ע׳ יָמִים Yeshaya 65:20 a suckling of days, that is a few days old; with suffix עוּלָהּ Yeshaya 49:15 (‖ בֶּז־בִּטְנָהּ).

עֲוִיל²

noun (masc.) young boy;—plural עֲוִילִים Iyov 19:18; with suffix עֲוִילֵיהֶם Iyov 21:11.—ii. עֲוִיל under III. עול.

עָ֫וֶל

noun (masc.) injustice, unrighteousness (opposite צְדָקָה);—ע׳ Vayikra 19:15 +; construct עֶ֫וֶל Yechezkel 28:18 (van d. H. עָוֶל, but see Baer Ginsb); with suffix עַוְלוֹ Yechezkel 18:26; Yechezkel 33:13;—עשׂה עול Vayikra 19:15, Vayikra 19:35 Devarim 25:16; Yechezkel 3:20; Yechezkel 18:24, Yechezkel 18:26^(×2); Yechezkel 33:13^(×2), Yechezkel 33:15, Yechezkel 33:18; פעל ע׳ Iyov 34:32; הִתְעִיבוּ ע׳ Tehillim 53:2 (‖ עֲלִילָה Tehillim 14:2); שׁפט ע׳ Tehillim 82:2; אישׁ ע׳ Mishlei 29:27; ע׳ בְּכַפַּי Tehillim 7:4; מצא ע׳ בְּ Yirmiya 2:5, read probably also Yechezkel 28:15 (for Masoretic Text עולתה); מע׳ ישׁיב ידוֹ Yechezkel 18:8; בְּעֶוֶל רְכֻלָּֽתְךָ Yechezkel 28:18; of God, אין עול (‖ אֱמוּנָה) Devarim 32:4; חָלִלָה מע׳ Iyov 34:10.

עַוְלָה

noun (fem.) ^{Iyov 11:14} (? m. Malachi 2:6 Konig^{ii. 2, 453, § 345 d} Yechezkel 28:15 [עולתה; but ע׳ only here Ez, error for עול] questioned by Siegfried-Stade, see Albrecht^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 117}) injustice, unrighteousness, wrong;—ע׳ Tehillim 37:1 + 24 times, + i. עוֹלָה Yeshaya 61:8 (read probably עַוְלָה); עַוְלָ֫תָה Tehillim 125:3; Tehillim 92:16 (Keri) + 2 times; עֹלָ֫תָה v Tehillim 92:16 (Kesiv) Iyov 5:16; plural עוֹלוֹת Tehillim 58:3; Tehillim 64:7;—

violent deeds of injustice, בְּנֵי עַוְלָה Shmuel Beis 3:34; Shmuel Beis 7:10 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 17:9; בֶּן־ע׳ Tehillim 89:23, compare בְּנֵי עַלְוָה Hoshea 10:9 (read עַוְלָה Nowack); אישׁ מרמה וע׳ Tehillim 43:1; בע׳ Yeshaya 61:8; ‖ דַּם Micha 3:10; Chavakuk 2:12; עשׂה ע׳ Tehillim 37:1 Tzefania 3:5, Tzefania 3:13; פעל ע׳ Tehillim 58:3; Tehillim 119:3; Iyov 36:23; שׁלח בע׳ ידים Tehillim 125:3.

injustice of speech: דבּר ע׳ Iyov 13:7; Iyov 27:4; לשׁונכס ע׳ תהגה Yeshaya 59:3; בלשׁוני ע׳ Iyov 6:30; ע׳ לא נמצא בשׂפתיו Malachi 2:6; ע׳ קפצה פיה Tehillim 107:42; Iyov 5:16.

injustice, in general, Tehillim 64:7; Iyov 6:29; Iyov 11:14; Iyov 15:16; Iyov 22:23; Iyov 24:20, + Iyov 36:33 (for Masoretic Text עוֹלֶה according to Septuagint Dillmann Budde Duhm and elsewhere), Yechezkel 28:15 Mishlei 22:8; Hoshea 10:13; of God, לא ע׳ בוֹ Tehillim 92:16; אֵין עִם י׳ ע׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:7.

עֲוִיל³

noun (masc.) unjust one, Iyov 16:11 (see following).

עַוָּל

noun (masc.) unjust, unrighteous one;—especially of oppressive ruler Tzefania 3:5; Iyov 18:21; Iyov 27:7 (‖ רָשָׁע), Iyov 29:17; Iyov 31:3 (‖ פֹּעֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן); probably also Iyov 16:11 (for Masoretic Text עֲוִיל, so Dillmann; ‖ רְשָׁעִים).

עוֹלֵל

see II. עלל.

עוֹלָם

see עלם.

עָוֹן²

see II. עוה.

עוּן

verb dwell (probably; √ of following; Arabic عون, عَانَ is support, help, see especially Fl^{Kl.Schrader. i. 87 ff.});—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular consec. וְעָנָה֫ (read וְעָ֫נָה?) Yeshaya 13:22 and jackals shall dwell, etc. (on agreement see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 145 k; ‖ שׁכן v Yeshaya 13:21), so Septuagint Buhl; Cheyne^{Hebrew Haupt.. 124} וְשָֽׁכְנוּ; > Peshitta Targum Vulgate and elsewhere √ IV. ענה.—Tehillim 87:7 see מַעְיָן.

עוֹנָה

Keri, [עֵינָה] Kesiv noun (fem.) only with suffix Hoshea 10:10: Keri plural עוֹנֹתָם Baer, singular עוֹנָתָם Ginsb; > עֵינֹתָם Kesiv; but read עֲוֹנֹתָם, see עָוֹן 1 and p. 730.

עִוְעִים²

see under I. עוה.

עוּף

verb fly (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, (rare) flicker, flutter, עוֹף fowl; Aramaic עוֹפָא, ܥܰܘܦܳܐ the same; Ethiopic ዖፍ the same; Arabic عَوْفٌ augury, from birds (compare Wellhausen^{Heid. 2, 202}), fortune, عيف, عَافَ practice augury, عَاىَٔفٌ augur; also عوف, عَاَفَ fly about, of birds);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine plural וְעָפוּ consec. Yeshaya 11:14; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָעוּף Iyov 20:8 Tehillim 91:5 + Mishlei 23:5 Keri (> Kesiv ועוף [van d. H.], or ועיף [Ginsb]); וַיָּעֹ֑ף Shmuel Beis 22:11 = Tehillim 18:11; Nachum 3:16, וַיָּ֫עָף Yeshaya 6:6; 3rd feminine singular (הֲ)תָעוּף Mishlei 23:5 Kesiv (see below); 3rd feminine plural תְּעוּפֶינָה Yeshaya 60:8, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct עוּף Iyov 5:7; Mishlei 26:2; participle (בינוני) fs. עָפָה Zecharia 5:1, Zecharia 5:2; plural עָפוֹת Yeshaya 31:5;—

fly, of birds Devarim 4:17, specif. of swallow (in simile) Mishlei 26:2 (‖ נוּד); of seraph Yeshaya 6:6 (compare Pōʿl.); י׳ riding (רכב) on cherub Shmuel Beis 22:11 = Tehillim 18:11; roll (in vision) Zecharia 5:1, Zecharia 5:2; arrow Tehillim 91:5; of swift army Yeshaya 11:14 (under figuratively of bird, followed by בְּכָתֵף) Chavakuk 1:8 (simile of vulture); figuratively of ships (like cloud, or doves) Yeshaya 60:8; בְּנֵי־רֶשֶׁף יַגְבִּיהוּ עוּף Iyov 5:7 make high to fly, that is make their flight high, soar aloft (simile of irresistible tendency).

hover (protectingly) Yeshaya 31:5 (birds, simile of י׳; on sense compare Devarim 32:11).

fly away, to a distance, Tehillim 55:7 (figuratively; ‖ אַרְחִיק נְדֹד v Tehillim 55:8); = vanish, of locusts Nachum 3:16 (figuratively); כְּנֶשֶׁר יָעוּף הַשָּׁמַיִם Mishlei 23:5 (Keri) simile of riches (see Toy); of wicked Iyov 20:8 (כַּחֲלוֹם); end of life, in generally, וַנָּעֻ֑פָה Tehillim 90:10.—הֲתָעוּף Mishlei 23:5 Kesiv, do thine eyes fly (light) upon it? (הֲתָעִיף Hiph. Keri dost thou cause thine eyes to fly, etc.?) is difficult, and line perhaps not original (see Toy).

fly about, to and fro; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְעוֹפֵף of birds Breishis 1:20; seraphim Yeshaya 6:2; participle (בינוני) שָׂרָף מְעוֹפֵף flying fiery serpent Yeshaya 14:29; Yeshaya 30:6.

cause to fly to and fro, brandish, infinitive (מקור) construct with suffix בְּעוֹפְפִי חַרְבִּי Yechezkel 32:10 when I brandish my sword before them. Hithpōʿl. future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular כָּעוֹף יִתְעוֹפֵף כְּבוֹדָם Hoshea 9:11 like a bird their glory shall fly away.

future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular Keri, see Qal ad fin.

עוֹף

noun (masc.) Breishis 40:17 coll. flying creatures, fowl, insects;—ע׳ absolute Breishis 1:20 +, construct v Breishis 1:21 +;—

fowl birds, Breishis 40:17, Breishis 40:19, Breishis 7:8, Breishis 1:20, Breishis 1:22, Melachim Alef 5:13 +; especially (38 times) ע׳ הַשָּׁמַיִם fowl of the sky, Breishis 2:19, Breishis 2:20, Breishis 1:26, Breishis 1:28, Breishis 1:30, Hoshea 2:20 Koheles 10:20 +, carrion birds Shmuel Alef 17:44, Shmuel Alef 17:46 Shmuel Beis 21:10 Melachim Alef 14:11 + 11 times; ע׳ הָרִים Tehillim 50:11, ע׳ נוֹדֵד Yeshaya 16:2, כִּכְלוּב מָלֵא ע׳ Yirmiya 5:27; redundantly ע׳ כָּנָף fowl of wing Breishis 1:21, Tehillim 78:27 (for food); for food also Vayikra 7:26, Vayikra 17:13; Vayikra 20:25 (both H), compare Vayikra 11:13, Vayikra 11:46 (H, clean and unclean); for offering Breishis 8:20 (J; הָע׳ הַטָּהוֹר), Vayikra 1:14.

winged insects (clean and unclean) שֶׁרֶץ הָע׳ הַהֹלֵךְ עַל־אַרְבַּע Vayikra 11:20, Vayikra 11:21, שׁ׳ הָע׳ Devarim 14:19, so probably הָע׳ alone v Devarim 14:20; שׁ׳ הָע׳ אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ אַרְבַּע רַגְלָ֑יִם Vayikra 11:23.

עוּף²

I. [עִיף] verb be dark;—only Qal future (עתיד) 2nd feminine singular תָּעֻ֫פָה Iyov 11:17 (though) it be dark, but read probably תְּעֻפָה, noun, see below

עֵיפָה

noun (fem.) darkness;—עֹשֵׂה שַׁחַר עֵיפָה Amos 4:13; אֶרֶץ עֵפָ֫תָה Iyov 10:22 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 90 g; ‖ צַלְמָוֶת).

עֵיפָה²

proper name

gent. ‘son’ of Midian Breishis 25:4 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:33, compare Yeshaya 60:6, Septuagint Γαφερ, Γεφαρ, Γαιφα(ρ).

m. name in Judah Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:47, Septuagint Γαιφα.

f. concubine of Caleb Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:46, Septuagint Γαιφαηλ, A Γαιφα ἡ, Septuagint L Γαιφα.

עוֹפַי

Kesiv, עֵיפַי Keri proper name (masc.) a Neṭophathite, Yirmiya 40:8, Septuagint Ιωφε, Ωφε, Ωφετ.

עוּץ

verb counsel, plan (Aramaic the same; ‖ form of יעץ);—only

imperative (ציווי) mpl. עֻ֫צוּ Shoftim 19:30 (G.F. Moore reads עֵצָה, but see Budde), Yeshaya 8:10 with a direct object cogn. עֵצָה. (Stade^{ThLZ 1894, Apr. 28, 235} der. עֻצוּ from יעץ).

עוּץ²

n. pr.

m.

(eldest) ‘son’ of Aramaic Breishis 10:23, = ‘son’ of Shem Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:17, Septuagint Ως, SeptuagintL Ch Ουζ.

eldest ‘son’ of Naḥor Breishis 22:21, A Ωξ, SeptuagintL Ωζ.

Edomite name Breishis 36:28 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:42, Septuagint Ως, SeptuagintL Ους.

location (= 1. a, b, poss. also c), מַלְכֵי אֶרֶץ הָעוּץ Yirmiya 25:20 (Septuagint om.); בְּאֶרֶץ־עוּץ Iyov 1:1 (home of Job), Septuagint Αυσιτις; Eicha 4:21 (del. עוּץ Septuagint compare Budde and reff.); on Uz as vague name for E. country see especially Budde ^{ix. f.}; Delitzsch^{Pa259, ZKF ii. 87 ff.} puts in Ḥauran, or N. (NE.) therefrom, = Assyrian Uṣṣu, but doubtful With name עוּץ Robertson Smith^{K 261} cp. Arabic proper name div. عَوْض,, so Wellhausen^{Heid. 2, 146}; against this Noldeke^{ZMG xl (1886), 183 f.}, but see reply Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 43}.

עָוַר

verbPi. make blind, blind (orig. meaning of √ doubtful; Gesenius' Thesaurus עור = dig (Arabic غَارٌ etc. cave); Hal^{RÉJ xi, 67} cp. עוֹר skin, whence blindness as cataract;—Aramaic adjective עֲוִיר, ܥܘܺܪ blind, Pa. עַוַּר, ܥܰܘܰܪ = Hebrew Pi.; Arabic عَوِرَ be one-eyed, Ethiopic ዖረ be blind Dillmann ⁹⁹⁵);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular עִוֵּר Melachim Beis 25:7, c. עֵינֵי put out the eyes of = Yirmiya 39:7 = Yirmiya 52:11; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְעַוֵּר figuratively, Shemos 23:8 a bribe blindeth, with a direct object person (Sam. Septuagint ins. עֵינֵי); Devarim 16:19, c. עֵינֵי.

עִוֵּר

adjective blind;—only absolute ע׳ Shemos 4:11 +, plural עִוְרִים Shmuel Beis 5:6 +, f. עִוְרוֹת Yeshaya 42:7; (c. art. הָעִוֵּר Devarim 28:29, elsewhere הַע׳ Baer Ginsb; van d. H. לָעִוֵּר Iyov 29:15, הָעִוְרִים Shmuel Beis 5:6, Shmuel Beis 5:8; Yeshaya 42:18);—blind, usually as noun = the blind:

literally, physically blind:

of men Shemos 4:11 (J; opposite פִּקֵּחַ), Shmuel Beis 5:6, Shmuel Beis 5:8^(×2); Vayikra 19:14, Devarim 27:18; Yirmiya 31:8 Iyov 29:15; in simile Devarim 28:29; Tzefania 1:17; Yeshaya 59:10, compare Eicha 4:14 (appos.); as adjective attribute אִישׁ ע׳ Vayikra 21:18.

of sacrif. animal Devarim 15:21; Malachi 1:8.

figuratively,

of the helpless, groping Yeshaya 29:18; Yeshaya 35:5; Yeshaya 42:16 Tehillim 146:8; as adjective attribute, עֵינַיִם עִוְרוֹת Yeshaya 42:7.

of the dull, unreceptive, Yeshaya 42:18, Yeshaya 42:19^(×3) (but v Yeshaya 42:19 c read חֵרֵשׁ q.see); as adjective attrib. עַם עִוֵּר Yeshaya 43:8; as predicate Yeshaya 56:10.

עִוָּרוֹן

n.[m.] blindness;—only in phr. (subj. י׳), smite (הִכָּה) with blindness: figuratively of ‘blind incapacity’ (Driver) בְּע׳ Devarim 28:28; of smiting horses בַּע׳ Zecharia 12:4, that is with blind staggers, making them helplessly wild.

עַוֶּ֫רֶת

noun (fem.) the same;—of sacrif. animals, abstr. for concr., Vayikra 22:22.

עוּר

verb rouse oneself, awake (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic עוּר, ܥܳܪ; Arabic عير, عَارَ see עיר, עַיִר; غير, غَارَ is be jealous, compare Syriac ܥܝܳܪܳܐ hate, revenge);—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix יְעוּרֶנּוּ Iyov 41:2 Baer Ginsb, and Keri van d. H., but Kesiv יעירנו (Hiph.), Babylonian Mass. (see Baer ^{p. 58}), so Ginsb^margin van d. H.; read thus, or יְעוֹרְרֶנּוּ (Pōʿl.) Budde; > contr. form of Pōʿl. Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 72 cc Dillmann; compare Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 484 e; imperative (ציווי) ms. ע֫וּרָה Tehillim 7:7 +, fs. ע֫וּרִי Shoftim 5:12^(×2) + 3 times, עוּרִ֫י Shoftim 5:12^(×2) + 5 times (for rhythm); participle (בינוני) עֵר Shir HaShirim 5:2 + Malachi 2:12 (read probably עֵד Wellhausen Nowack G.A. Smith, compare Septuagint ἓως = עַד);—rouse oneself to activity, of Deborah Shoftim 5:12^(×4); of י׳ Tehillim 7:7 (‖ קוּמָה, הִנָּשֵׂא), Tehillim 59:5 (followed by inf.), Tehillim 44:24 (opposite יָשֵׁן), of י׳’s arm Yeshaya 51:9^(×3), of oneself Tehillim 57:9, of Zion Yeshaya 52:1^(×2), of stone (idol) Chavakuk 2:19, sword Zecharia 13:7 (+ עַל against), wind Shir HaShirim 4:16, harp and lyre Tehillim 57:9 = Tehillim 108:3; לִבִּי עֵר Shir HaShirim 5:2 my heart waketh (opposite יָשֵׁן).—Iyov 41:2 Malachi 2:12 see above

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נֵעוֹר Zecharia 2:17; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יֵעוֹר Yirmiya 6:22 Zecharia 4:1; 3rd masculine plural יֵעֹרוּ Yirmiya 50:41 Iyov 14:12, יֵעוֹרוּ Yoel 4:12;—be roused Zecharia 4:1 (from [מִן] sleep, in simile), so Iyov 14:12 (sleep of death, ‖ יָקִיצוּ, יָקוּם); be incited to activity, c. מִן location: of י׳ Zecharia 2:17, of nation Yirmiya 6:22, kings Yirmiya 50:41, whirlwind Yirmiya 25:32; absolute of nation Yoel 4:12. Pōʿl. past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular עוֹרֵר Shmuel Beis 23:18 +, וְע׳ consec. Yeshaya 10:26, 1st singular וְעוֹרַרְתִּ֫י Zecharia 9:13, with suffix עוֹרַרְתִּיךָ Shir HaShirim 8:5; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תְּעֹרֵר Mishlei 10:12, 2nd masculine plural תְּעוֹרְרוּ Shir HaShirim 2:7; Shir HaShirim 3:5, תְּעֹרְרוּ Shir HaShirim 8:4 (feminine subj. Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 144 a); imperative (ציווי) ms. עוֹרְרָה Tehillim 80:3; infinitive (מקור) עֹרֵר Iyov 3:8;—rouse, incite to activity, with a direct object person Zecharia 9:13 (+ עַל against), direct object רְפָאִים Yeshaya 14:9 (subj. שְׁאוֹל see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 145 t); ע׳ אֶת־גְּבוּרָתֶ֑ךָ Tehillim 80:3 (of י׳); הָעֲתִידִים עֹרֵר לִוְיָתָּן Iyov 3:8; especially rouse, excite love Shir HaShirim 2:7; Shir HaShirim 3:5; Shir HaShirim 8:4 (all ‖ תָּעִירוּ; feminine subj. see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 144 a); עוֹרַרְתִּיךָ Shir HaShirim 8:5 is dubious, of exciting love De, arousing from slumber Budde, so, reading עוֹרַרְתִּיךְ, Siegf; שִׂנְאָה תְּע׳ מְדָנִים Mishlei 10:12 hatred stirreth up strifes; with a direct object of weapon Shmuel Beis 23:18 rouse, awaken, that is wield, brandish (+ עַל against), so read also v Shmuel Beis 23:8 (see חֲנִית 1) = Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:11, Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:20, so Yeshaya 10:26.—Yeshaya 23:13 see ערר.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural זַעֲקַת־שֶׁבֶר יְעֹעֵ֑רוּ Yeshaya 15:5, usually expl. as = יְעַרְעֵ֑רוּ (wh. some read), rouse (that is raise?) a cry of destruction, Gesenius^{commentaries Gesenius' Thesaurus.} De Dillmann Duhm Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 72 cc Konig^{i. 500; ii. 497}; Phip. not elsewhere, very doubtful; read perhaps יְעוֹרֵ֑רוּ; Lagarde^{Proph. Chald. IL} Cheyne Guthe^Kau Siegfried-Stade read יְרֹעָ֑עוּ shout, but improb. with זַעֲקַת. Hithpōʿl. past (עבר) וְהִתְעֹרַ֫רְתִּי כִּי consec. Iyov 31:29 and I was (joyfully) excited, triumphant, that (‖ אֶשְׂמַח), so perhaps future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular Iyov 17:8, reading וְחָנֵף עַל־נָקִי יִתְעֹרָ֑ר Me Dillmann Beer (Masoretic Text וְנָקִי עַל־חָנֵף יִתְע׳, that is be excited with displeasure); rouse oneself to activity, participle (בינוני) מִתְעוֹרֵר לְהַחֲזִיק בָּךְ Yeshaya 64:6; compare Yeshaya 51:17.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הֵעִיר Yeshaya 41:2 +; 1st singular הַעִיר֫וֹתִי Yeshaya 41:25 (see Konig^{i. 500} Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 72 x), with suffix הַעִירֹתִהוּ Yeshaya 45:13; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָעִיר Devarim 32:11 +, וְיָעֵר Daniel 11:25, וַיָּ֫עַר Chaggai 1:14 +, with suffix וַיְעִירֵנִי Zecharia 4:1, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. הָעִירָה Tehillim 35:23; mpl. הָעִירוּ Yoel 4:9; infinitive (מקור) בָּעִיר (= בְּהָעִיר) Tehillim 73:20 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 53 q); participle (בינוני) מֵעִיר Yeshaya 13:17 +, with suffix מְעִירָם Yoel 4:7;—

rouse, c. with suffix Zecharia 4:1 (as if from sleep, see Qal); rouse, stir up, to activity, כְּנֶשֶׁר יָעִיר קִנּוֹ Devarim 32:11; with a direct object person, or equiv., expressed or implied, especially subj. י׳: Yeshaya 45:13; c. מִן location Yeshaya 41:2, Yeshaya 41:25; Yoel 4:7; + עַל against Yeshaya 13:17, compare Yirmiya 50:9; Yirmiya 51:1 Yechezkel 23:22; הֵעִיר אֶת־רוּחַ פ׳ Yirmiya 51:11 Chaggai 1:14 Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:26; Divrei HaYamim Beis 21:16 (+ עַל against), Yeshaya 36:22 = Ezra 1:1, compare v Ezra 1:5; י׳ subj. also Tehillim 78:38 (חֵמָה) Yeshaya 42:13 (קִנְאָה) יָעִיר Yeshaya 50:4^(×2) (+ לִי אֹזֶן); human subj., with a direct object person Yoel 4:9, Daniel 11:2 (+ אֵת in conflict with, Vulgate de W Meinh Behrm, compare Bev. who thinks יערך לקראת poss.); perhaps also, object crocodile Iyov 41:2 (reading יְעִירֶנּוּ see Qal); וְיָעֵר כֹּחוֹ וּלְבָבוֹ Daniel 11:25 (+ עַל against); especially of rousing love Shir HaShirim 2:7; Shir HaShirim 3:5; Shir HaShirim 8:4 (all ‖ Pōʿl. q.see); figuratively אָעִירָה שָׁ֑חַר Tehillim 57:9; Tehillim 108:3 I will arouse the dawn (‖ imperative (ציווי) Qal q.see); pt. absolute = stirring up (a fire) Hoshea 7:4 (si vera l.; compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 120 b; but text dubious compare Wellhausen Nowack G.A. Smith).

declarative or exhibitive sense, act in an aroused manner, awake, הָעִירָה וְהָקִיצָה לְמִשְׁפָּטִי Tehillim 35:23, compare Iyov 8:6 (+ עַל over = for; both subj. י׳); absolute Tehillim 73:20.

עִיר

n.[m.] agitation;—of terror, ע׳ וּבֶהָלוֹת Yirmiya 15:8; of rage (si vera l.), לֹא אָבוֹא בְּעִיר Hoshea 11:9, but St proposes לְבָעֵר compare Wellhausen Oort Nowack G.A. Smith.—בָּעִיר Tehillim 73:20 see עור Hiph.—ii, iii. עִיר see p. 746 below

עֵר

proper name (masc.) Hρ (compare עוּר Qal participle (בינוני));—

eldest son of Judah Breishis 38:3, Breishis 38:6 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:3^(×2), Breishis 38:7; Breishis 46:12^(×2) Bamidbar 26:19^(×2).

son of Judah’s son Shelah Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:21.—Vid. also Qal participle (בינוני) עֵר above

עֵרִי

proper name (masc.) a son of Gad Breishis 46:16 Bamidbar 26:16, Αηδις, Αδδει.

עֵרִי²

adjectivegent. of i. עֵרִי, c. art. as noun coll. הָעֵרִי Bamidbar 26:16, Αδδει.

עוּר²

verb be exposed, bare (akin to עָרָה, ערר; Arabic عَوْرَةٌ = pudenda);—

future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular עֶרְיָה תֵעוֹר קַשְׁתֶּ֑ךְ Chavakuk 3:9 into nakedness (that is utterly) is thy bow laid bare, made ready; Wellhausen proposes עוֹרֵר תְּעוֹרֵר (compare Shmuel Beis 23:18, I. עור Pōʿl.), and so Nowack [from √ ערר, lay bare] thou layest, etc.

עֵירֹם

adjective and n.[m.] 1. naked; 2. nakedness ( √ עור Ewald ^{423, 426} Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 85 t Stade's Hebrew Grammar §§ 295, 327 a; > √ ערם (not Hebrew in this sense) Barth^{NB § 27 g} Konig^{ii. 84, 120});—absolute עֵירֹם Breishis 3:10, Breishis 3:11 + 4 times, עֵרֹם Yechezkel 16:7 + 2 times Ez; plural עֵירֻמִּים Breishis 3:7;—

adjective naked Breishis 3:7, Breishis 3:10, Breishis 3:11 (all pred.); as noun concr. Yechezkel 18:7, Yechezkel 18:16.

n.abstr. nakedness Devarim 28:48; ע׳ וְעֶרְיָה nakedness and bareness (= naked and bare, of personified Jerusalem), Yechezkel 16:7, Yechezkel 16:22, Yechezkel 16:39; Yechezkel 23:29.

עָרוֹם

adjective naked (perhaps secondary form from עֵירֹם Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 163 c Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 327 a; or from √ עָרָה, q.see);—absolute עָרוֹם Amos 2:16 + 8 times, עָרֹם Shmuel Alef 19:24 + 3 times; f. עֲרֻמָּה Hoshea 2:5; plural עֲרוּמִּים Breishis 2:25 Iyov 22:6;—naked Breishis 2:25 Shmuel Alef 19:24 Hoshea 2:5; adverb. (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 118 n) c. הָלַךְ Yeshaya 20:2, Yeshaya 20:3, Yeshaya 20:4 Micha 1:8, compare Amos 2:16 Iyov 24:7, Iyov 24:10; = noun concr. Yeshaya 58:7 Iyov 22:6; = without possessions Iyov 1:21^(×2) = Koheles 5:14; of Sheʾôl. open before י׳ Iyov 26:6.

עוֹר

noun (masc.) Iyov 7:5 skin (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Phoenician ערת Lidzbarski ³⁴⁶);—ע׳ absolute Breishis 3:21 +, construct Shemos 34:29 +; with suffix עֹרוֹ Shemos 29:14 +, עוֹרוֹ Yirmiya 13:23, עֹרָהּ Bamidbar 19:5, etc.; plural construct עֹרֹת Breishis 27:16 +, עוֹרֹת Shemos 39:34, with suffix עֹרֹתָם Vayikra 16:27;—skin:

of men (55 times), שׂמְלָתוֹ לְעֹרוֹ Shemos 22:26, ע׳ פָּנָיו Shemos 34:29, Shemos 34:30 compare v Shemos 34:35 (all P); (dark) skin of Cushite Yirmiya 13:23; see also Yechezkel 37:6, Yechezkel 37:8 Eicha 3:8 Iyov 7:5; Iyov 10:11 +; in hyperb. Micha 3:2, Micha 3:3; עוֹר שִׁנָּ֑י Iyov 19:20 the skin of my teeth, that is gums (si vera l.); also Vayikra 13:2 + 33 times Vayikra 13, in tests for leprosy (see especially ע׳־בְּשָׂרוֹ v Vayikra 13:2^(×2), Vayikra 13:3, Vayikra 13:4, Vayikra 13:11, compare v Vayikra 13:3, Vayikra 13:38, Vayikra 13:39, Vayikra 13:43); עוֹר בְּעַד עוֹר Iyov 2:4 skin in behalf of, for, skin, appar. proverb. phrase of barter, = everything has its price (on varieties of interpr. see commentaries).

hide of animals (44 times), always—except Iyov 40:31—after skinning: Breishis 27:16; of sacrif. victims Shemos 29:14 Vayikra 4:11 + 5 times (all P); prepared for use (by some process of tanning, compare Nowack^{Arch. i. 242}), sometimes = leather: material of garments Breishis 3:21, girdle Melachim Beis 1:8, any article Vayikra 11:32; Vayikra 13:48; Bamidbar 31:20; covering of tabern. Shemos 25:5^(×2) + 10 times Shemos 26, Shemos 35, Shemos 36, Shemos 39, of ark, sacred utensils, etc., Bamidbar 4:6 + 5 times Bamidbar 4.

עוּתַי

proper name (masc.)

name in Judah Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:4, Γωθει (= עֲתָיָה Nechemia 11:4).

Ezra 8:14, Ουθι.

עַז

עֵז

see ענז.

עָזַב

verb leave, forsake, loose (Mishnaic Hebrew the same (rare); Arabic عَرَبَ be remote, absent, depart, Assyrian ezêbu, leave, Shaph. ušezib, rescue, compare Biblical Aramaic שֵׁיזֵב;—Ethiopic ማዕሰብ widowed Dillmann ⁹⁷³);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ע׳ Breishis 24:27 +, with suffix עֲזָבַנִי Yeshaya 49:14 Tehillim 38:11; 3rd feminine singular עָזָבָ֑ה Yechezkel 23:8; 1st singular with suffix עֲזַבְתִּיךְ Yeshaya 54:7; Yeshaya 54:2 fpl. עֲזַבְתֶּן Shemos 2:20, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַעֲזֹב Yeshaya 55:7 +, יַעֲזָב־ Breishis 2:24, with suffix 1st singular וַיַּעַזְבֵנִי Shmuel Alef 30:13, etc.; imperative (ציווי) עֲזֹב Tehillim 37:8, עָזְבָה Yirmiya 49:11, עִזְבוּ Yirmiya 48:28; Mishlei 9:6, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute עָזוֹב Yirmiya 14:5, עָזֹב Shemos 23:5; construct עֲזֹב Breishis 44:22 +, with suffix עָזְבֵךְ Yirmiya 2:17 +, etc.; participle (בינוני) active עֹזֵב Mishlei 10:17 +, construct עֹזְבִי (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 90 l); f. construct עֹזֶבֶת Mishlei 2:17 etc.; passive עָזוּב Devarim 32:26 +, etc.;—

leave, with a direct object (on order of meanings compare Noldeke^{ZMG xl (1886), 726});

= depart from, direct object person Breishis 44:22^(×2), Melachim Beis 2:2, Melachim Beis 2:4, Melachim Beis 2:6; Melachim Beis 4:30; Bamidbar 10:31, Rus 1:16 Yirmiya 9:1 (‖ הָלַךְ מֵאֵת); direct object location Melachim Alef 8:6 Yirmiya 25:28 (י׳ as lion leaving lair); c. מִן location intrans. (strangely) Yirmiya 18:14 (of snow).

leave behind, direct object person Shemos 2:20, Shmuel Beis 15:16 (+ inf.), Yechezkel 24:21; direct object rei + בְּיַד Breishis 39:12, Breishis 39:13, + אֶצְלִי v Breishis 39:15, Breishis 39:18 (all J); + ב location Breishis 50:8; direct object person et rei Shemos 9:21.

leave in the presence of (לִפְנֵי) Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:37 (ל of accus., compare ל 3 b above), Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:14.

leave in safety, וְאָ֫נָה תַעַזְבוּ כְּבוֹדְכֶם Yeshaya 10:3.

leave in a given condition, situation, ע׳ אֹתוֹ בְמַחֲלֻיִים Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:25 they left him in great suffering; c. adverb direct object Yechezkel 23:29; a city פְּתוּחָה Yehoshua 8:17.

leave undisturbed, let alone Rus 2:16.

leave unexercised, Breishis 24:27 pregn. he hath not left his kindness and his faithfulness from (being) with (מֵעִם) my master; so ע׳ חַסְדּוֹ אֶת־ Rus 2:20 (both of י׳); ע׳ חֵמָה Tehillim 37:8 (‖ הֶרֶף מֵאַף).

leave in the hand of, entrust to, direct object rei + בְּיַד Breishis 39:6, + אֶל־ Iyov 39:11 (‖ בָּטַח בְּ), + עַל־ Tehillim 10:14 (direct object om., his cause).—So also poss. (c. לְ) Nechemia 3:34 (reading לֵאלֹהִים for Masoretic Text לָהֶם), but text probably otherwise corrupt.

leave to (ל) one (unaided), וְחָדַלְתָּ֫ מֵעֲזֹב לוֹ Shemos 23:5 thou shalt refrain from leaving it (sc. the affair) to him; compare תַּעֲזֹב לָאָרֶץ בֵּיצֶיהָ Iyov 39:14 (of ostrich).

leave over, remaining, direct object person Shoftim 2:21; direct object rei + לְ person Vayikra 19:10; Vayikra 23:22, Malachi 3:19. k. leave = have nothing to do with Mishlei 9:6.

leave, abandon, forsake:

abandon, direct object rei: (1) land, house, city, tent, etc., Shmuel Alef 31:7 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 10:7; Melachim Beis 7:7; Yirmiya 9:18; Yirmiya 48:28; Yirmiya 51:9; Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:14; Yeshaya 17:9 (+ מִפְּנֵי of enemy); pt. passive of cities v Yeshaya 17:2 Yirmiya 4:29; Tzefania 2:4, compare עֲזוּבָה Yeshaya 17:9 pt. = noun = deserted region. (2) oxen Melachim Alef 19:20; idol-images (+ שָׁם) Shmuel Beis 5:21 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 14:12; flock Zecharia 11:17; pt. passive of eggs Yeshaya 10:14.

forsake, (1) human subj. and object: Breishis 2:24 (J; a man his + parents), Shmuel Alef 30:13; Yehoshua 22:3, Yirmiya 49:11 Tehillim 27:10 (parent a child), Mishlei 2:17 (wife her husband, אַלּוּף), compare אִשָּׁה עֲזוּבָה Yeshaya 54:6, and ע׳ of personif. Zion Yeshaya 60:15; Yeshaya 62:4. (2) an animal its young Yirmiya 14:5 (object om.).

= neglect, Levite Devarim 12:19; Devarim 14:27, poor Iyov 20:19.

especially (1) figuratively of forsaking God (י׳), apostatizing, Shoftim 10:10; Devarim 28:20; Devarim 31:16 Yirmiya 1:16 + 38 times (often Je and later); + Yonah 2:9 (object חַסְדָּם, that is God, see חֶסֶד II); c. ל + inf. only אֶת־י׳ עָֽזְבוּ לִשְׁמֹר Hoshea 4:10 (Oort Wellhausen Nowack doubt לִשְׁמֹר). (2) object י׳’s law, commands, covenant, etc., Devarim 29:24; Melachim Alef 19:10, Melachim Alef 19:14 + 14 times; house of י׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:18; Nechemia 10:40. †(3) forsake, fail to follow, obey advice, instruction, wisdom, reproof: Melachim Alef 12:8, Melachim Alef 12:13 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 10:8, Divrei HaYamim Beis 10:13; Mishlei 2:13; Mishlei 4:2, Mishlei 4:6; Mishlei 10:17; Mishlei 15:10; Mishlei 27:10. †(4) but also of forsaking idols Yechezkel 20:8, sins of various kinds Yechezkel 23:8 Yeshaya 55:7; Mishlei 28:13 (object om.; + מוֹדֶה confess); הַמַּשָּׁא usury Nechemia 5:10.

of God’s forsaking, abandoning men: Devarim 31:17; Yeshaya 41:17; Yeshaya 49:14; Yeshaya 54:7; Divrei HaYamim Beis 12:5; Ezra 9:9 Tehillim 9:11; Tehillim 22:2 + 8 times ψψ; + בְּיַד Nechemia 9:28; Tehillim 37:33; Tehillim 16:10 thou wilt not abandon my soul לִשְׁאוֹל; of temporary abandonment Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:31 (+ inf. of purpose); etc. (34 times in all); + Yirmiya 12:7 (י׳ abandoning his house).

of God’s leaving, that is ceasing to regard, the earth, thus giving impunity to crime, Yechezkel 8:12; Yechezkel 9:9.

of strength (כֹּחַ) forsaking one Tehillim 38:11, courage (לֵב) Tehillim 40:13, kindness and faithfulness (חֶסֶד וֶאֱמֶת) Mishlei 3:3.

let loose, set free, let go עָזֹב תַּעֲזֹב עִמּוֹ Shemos 23:5 thou shalt by all means free it (sc. the beast) with him, (aid him to set it free; on sense, compare Devarim 22:4; D.H. Müller under ii. עזב); עָצוּר וְעָזוּב shut up and freed, proverb. phr., = all classes of people Devarim 32:36; Melachim Alef 14:10; Melachim Alef 21:21; Melachim Beis 9:8; Melachim Beis 14:26 (exact meaning doubtful; probably either = bond and free, or [see Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 437, 2nd ed. 456}] under taboo and free from it); let go Iyov 20:13 (with a direct object of wickedness as morsel in mouth); let loose my complaint Iyov 10:1 (עָלַי apud me, compare עַל II 1 d); אֶעֶזְבָה פָנַי Iyov 9:27 I will loosen, relax, my face, (compare Gesenius' Thesaurus De Me Stu Dillmann Buhl^Lex Budde; > abandon my [gloomy] countenance Authorized Version Revised Version Siegfried-Stade Baethgen^Kau Duhm).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נֶעֱזַב Nechemia 13:11; 3rd feminine singular נֶעֱזָבָ֑ה Yeshaya 62:12; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תֵּעָזֵב Yeshaya 7:16; Vayikra 26:43, תֵּעָ֣זַב Iyov 18:4; 3rd masculine plural יֵעָֽזְבוּ Yeshaya 18:6; participle (בינוני) נֶעֱזָב Yeshaya 27:10 Tehillim 37:25; fpl. נֶעֱזָבוֹת Yechezkel 36:4;—

be left to (לְ), that is to the possession of, Yeshaya 18:6.

be forsaken, of house of God Nechemia 13:11, a city Yechezkel 36:4; Yeshaya 27:10 (‖ מְשֻׁלָּח), Yeshaya 62:12; the earth Iyov 18:4, land Yeshaya 7:16; Vayikra 26:43 (+ מִן of exiles); of man Tehillim 37:25.

(or Qal passive, see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 52 e) be deserted, of city: past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הֲמוֹן עִיר עֻזָּ֑ב Yeshaya 32:14 (‖ נֻטָ֔שׁ); 3rd feminine singular עֻזְּבָה Yirmiya 49:25.

עֲזוּבָה

noun (fem.) forsakenness, desolation;—וְרַבָּה הָע׳ בְּקֶרֶב הָאָדֶץ Yeshaya 6:12.—Yeshaya 17:9 see √2 a.

עֲזוּבָה²

n. pr. f.

Αζαεβα, Αζονβα, mother of Jehoshaphat Melachim Alef 22:42 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:31.

(Γ)αζουβα, wife of Caleb Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:18, Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:19.

עָזַב²

verb restore, repair (?) (compare perhaps Sabean עדֿב restore, Sab Denkm⁹⁰ D.H. Müller^{Öster. Monatsschr. f. d. Orient 1885, 226}; also Mishnaic Hebrew מַעֲזִיבָה restoration, erection Levy^{NHWB iii. 186}, Arabic معزب building-stone Kremer^{Beitr. ii. 18});—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural וַּיַּעַזְבוּ Nechemia 3:8 and they repaired (?) Jerus. as far as the broad wall; > paved Guthe^{ZPV viii (1885), 282 f.}, or from √ I. עזב (see views in Be Ryle).

עַזְבּוּק

עַזָּה

proper name (place) Gaza, Γαζα (Assyrian Ḫazzutu, etc., Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament^{i. 97} Delitzsch^{Pa 290}, TelAm. Ḫazati, Azzati Winckler^38*; Egyptian Gaḏatu̥ WMM^{As. u. Eur. 87, 96, 159, 392}; Septuagint Γαζα, so Jos^{Ant. xiii. 5, 5, etc.}; Herod. ^{ii. 159; iii. 5} Κάδυτις);—Philistine city (mod. غَزَّة, Ghazze, Razze), c. Lat. 31° 3ˊ N, Long. 34° 28ˊ E. c. 50 miles WSW. from Jerus., near the sea (Robinson^{BR ii. 36 ff.} G.A. Smith^{Geogr. 181 ff.} Buhl^{Geogr. 190 f.}), Shoftim 16:1, Shoftim 16:21 (both עַזָּ֫תָה), southernmost of the famous five cities, Breishis 10:19, Shoftim 6:4; Melachim Alef 5:4; Melachim Beis 18:8, compare Devarim 2:23; Yehoshua 10:41; also Yehoshua 11:22, Yehoshua 15:47, Shoftim 1:18; Shmuel Alef 6:17; Amos 1:6, Amos 1:7; Tzefania 2:4; Yirmiya 25:20; Yirmiya 47:1, Yirmiya 47:5; Zecharia 9:5^(×2);—On commercial importance see D.H. Müller^{B und S 989} Gatt^{ZPV vii (1884), 1 ff., 293 ff.; viii (1885), 69 ff., 179 ff.}.—For עַזָּה Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:28 van d. H., read עַיָּה Baer Ginsb (q.see), Be Oettli Kau Kittel^Haupt.; see עַי.

עָזַז

verbbe strong (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Hiph., especially in bad sense, and especially deriv. עַז; Phoenician עז strength, also in proper name Lidzbarski³³⁸; Aramaic ܥܰܙ be mighty, strong, compare Old Aramaic Nabataean Palmyrene proper name עזיזו Lidzbarski³³⁸ Cook⁹⁰; Arabic عَزَّ be mighty, strong, Ethiopic ዐዘዘ the same; Assyrian ezêzu, be furious, ezzu, fierce);—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָעֹז Tehillim 9:20; Tehillim 52:9, יָעוֹז Daniel 11:12; 3rd feminine singular תָּעֹז Tehillim 89:14 Koheles 7:19, וַתָּ֫עָז Shoftim 3:10; Shoftim 6:2; imperative (ציווי) ms. עוּזָּה Tehillim 68:29 (but see below); infinitive (מקור) construct עֲזוֹז Mishlei 8:28;—be strong, prevail, וַתָּ֫עָז יָדוֹ עַל־ Shoftim 3:10 and his hand prevailed against, so Shoftim 6:2; אַל־יָעֹז אֱנוֹשׁ Tehillim 9:20, Daniel 11:12; absolute תָּעֹז יָֽדְךָ Tehillim 89:14 (of י׳); of appar. strength of wicked Tehillim 52:9; בַּעֲזוֹז עִינוֹת תְּהוֹם Mishlei 8:28 when the fountains of the deep grew strong, i. e. firm, fixed; but Oort Bi Toy read בְּעַזְּזוֹ when he made firm, fixed fast (‖ בְּאַמְּצוֹ); עוּזָּה אֱלֹהִים Tehillim 68:29 Cheyne Baethgen and elsewhere shew thyself strong, O God, who, etc., compare Konig^{i. 363}; < עוֹז הָא׳ the might, O God, wh., etc., Hupfeld Duhm; הַחָכְמָה תָּעֹז לֶחָכָם Koheles 7:19 wisdom is strong for the wise.—לָעוֹז Yeshaya 30:2 see עוּז.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular חֵעֵז אִישׁ רָשָׁע בְּפָנָיו Mishlei 21:29 a wicked man maketh firm (sheweth boldness) with his face; so 3rd feminine singular הֵעֵ֫וָה פָנֶיהָ Mishlei 7:13 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67 dd Konig^{i. 372}) she maketh bold her face.

עַז²

adjective strong, mighty, fierce;—ע׳ absolute Bamidbar 13:28 + 2 times, עָז Shoftim 14:18, עָ֑ז Amos 5:9 + 4 times; עַז construct Devarim 28:50; Daniel 8:23; f. עַזָּה Shemos 14:21 + 2 times; plural עַזִּים Yechezkel 7:24 + 3 times; f. עַזּוֹת Mishlei 18:23; construct עַזֵּי Yeshaya 56:11;—strong, mighty, wind Shemos 14:21; border Bamidbar 21:24, but read probably יַעְזֵר (Septuagint Dillmann and elsewhere) Yaʾzer was times border; of people Mishlei 30:25 (figuratively of ants), מַיִם עַזִּים Yeshaya 43:16 (‖ הַיָּם), Nechemia 9:11; of love Shir HaShirim 8:6; = noun the mighty Amos 5:9; Yechezkel 7:24 + Mishlei 24:5 (of physical force; reading טוֹב מֵעַז or the like Septuagint Peshitta Targum Kmp^Kau Wild Toy); formidable, fierce, of lion Shoftim 14:18, so (= noun) v Shoftim 14:14, of king Yeshaya 19:4 (‖ אֲדֹנִים קָשֶׁה), of people Bamidbar 13:28, Yeshaya 25:3 (‖ עָרִיצִים); of enemy Shmuel Beis 22:18 = Tehillim 18:18, so as noun Tehillim 59:4; עַז פָּנִים Devarim 28:50 fierce of countenance, Daniel 8:23, so perhaps = impudent Koheles 8:1 (reading עַז for עֹז q.see); of anger (אַף) Breishis 49:7 (poem in J), wrath (חֵמָה) Mishlei 21:14; הַכְּלָבִים עַזֵּי־נֶפֶשׁ Yeshaya 56:11 dogs fierce of appetite (‖ לֹא יָֽדְעוּ שָׂבְעָה); fpl. as adverb accus. יַעֲנֶה עַזּוֹת Mishlei 18:23 the rich answereth fiercely.

עֹז

and (rarely) עוֹז noun (masc.) strength, might;—absolute ע׳ Shoftim 9:51 +, עוֹז Tehillim 84:6 +, עָז־ Yeshaya 26:1, once עָ֑ז Breishis 49:3; construct עֹז Micha 5:3 +, עָז־ Tehillim 28:8; with suffix עָזִּי Shemos 15:2 + 2 times, עֻזִּי Tehillim 28:7 +; עָזְּךָ Tehillim 21:2 + 2 times, עֻזְּךָ Tehillim 66:3 +; with suffix 1st plural עוּזֵנוּ Tehillim 81:2; 3rd masculine plural עֻזָּמוֹ Tehillim 89:18 etc.;—strength, might (usually poet., 44 times ψψ):

material and physical, מִגְדַּל־עֹז Shoftim 9:51, and figuratively (of י׳), Tehillim 61:4 Mishlei 18:10, מַחֲסִי־עֹז Tehillim 71:7, compare עִיר עָז־לָנוּ Yeshaya 26:1, קִרְיַת־עֹז Mishlei 18:19 (simile), Mishlei 10:15 = Mishlei 18:11 (figuratively); עֹז טִבְטֶחָ֑ה Mishlei 21:22 (of a city, read poss. מעוז Toy); צוּר עֻזִּי Tehillim 62:8 (figuratively); מְרוֹם עֻזָּהּ Yirmiya 51:53 (of Babylonian), מַצְּבוֹת עֻזֵּךְ Yechezkel 26:11 (of Tyre), compare Tehillim 30:8 (reading לְהַרְרֵי־עֹז Targum Hupfeld Cheyne Kau Wellhausen; but no object for verb; Giesebrecht in Baethgen proposes הָעֳמַדְתִּי for הֶעֱמַדְתָּה); רְקִיעַ עֻזּוֹ Tehillim 150:1 his mighty firmament (De Hupfeld Kau and elsewhere; Ki Authorized Version Revised Version Cheyne the f. of his power, where his power dwells); בְּכָל־עֹז with all one’s might Shmuel Beis 6:14 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 13:8, + Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:21 (where so read, for Masoretic Text כְּלֵי עֹז, Kau Kittel compare Be Oettli); בְּעוֹז Mishlei 31:17, Mishlei 31:25; abstr. for concr. Shoftim 5:21 si vera l., but probably crpt., compare G.F. Moore Budde; of crocodile Iyov 41:14; קוֹל עֹז Tehillim 68:34 a mighty voice; זְרוֹעַ עֻזּוֹ = his mighty arm (figuratively of י׳) Yeshaya 62:8, compare Yeshaya 51:9 Tehillim 89:11 Iyov 26:2, גֶּשֶׁם מִטְרוֹת עֻזּוֹ Iyov 37:6; מַטֵּה־עֹז, figuratively of political power Yirmiya 48:17 (‖ מַקֵּל תִּפְאָרָה), Yechezkel 19:11, Yechezkel 19:12, Yechezkel 19:14 (vine-branches, in figuratively), Tehillim 110:2.

personal, social, and political:

Amos 3:11, גְּאוֹן ע׳ Vayikra 26:19, Yechezkel 24:21; Yechezkel 30:6, Yechezkel 30:18; Yechezkel 33:28.

bestowed by י׳, Shmuel Alef 2:10 (song), Tehillim 29:11; Tehillim 68:36; Tehillim 86:16; Tehillim 138:3, עוֹז־לוֹ רָ֑ךְ Tehillim 84:6; Tehillim 138:3; so (implic.) of Zion Yeshaya 52:1.

of י׳ as strength of his servants Micha 5:3; Yeshaya 49:5 Tehillim 81:2; Tehillim 84:6, also Shemos 15:2 (‖ יְשׁוּעָה) = Yeshaya 12:2 = Tehillim 118:14, compare Yeshaya 45:24, עֹז יְשׁוּעָתִי Tehillim 140:8, תִּפְאֶרֶת עֻזָּמוֹ Tehillim 89:18; sometimes as their stronghold, for defence Yirmiya 16:19 (+ מָעֻזִּי), Tehillim 28:7 (+ מָגִנִּי), v Tehillim 28:8 (‖ מָעוֹז). Tehillim 46:2 (+ מַחֲסֶה), Tehillim 59:10 (reading עֻזִּי, see commentaries and Ginsb^margin; ‖ מִשְׂגַּבִּי), v Tehillim 59:18 (‖ the same), compare Mishlei 14:26 (‖ מַחְסֶה); see also under 1.—Mishlei 24:5 see עַז.

might of י׳ (especially ψψ):

as essential attribute Chavakuk 3:4; Iyov 12:16 Tehillim 62:12; Tehillim 63:3; Tehillim 68:35; Tehillim 93:1; Tehillim 96:6 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:27; עֹז מֶלֶךְ Tehillim 99:4 (title of י׳).

theme of ascription in praise Tehillim 29:1 (c. יָהַב) = Tehillim 96:7 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:28, Tehillim 59:17 (c. שִׁיר), Tehillim 68:35 (c. נָתַן).

exerted for his people and against his foes Shemos 15:13 (song), Tehillim 21:2 (‖ יְשוּעָה), v Tehillim 21:14; Tehillim 66:3; Tehillim 68:29 + v Tehillim 68:29 (reading עוֹז for עוּזָּה, see עזז), Tehillim 74:13; Tehillim 77:15; Tehillim 78:26; Tehillim 105:4 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:11, Ezra 8:22 (+ אַפּוֹ), compare עֹז אַפֶּ֑ךָ Tehillim 90:11.

manifested in connex. with the ark, אֲרוֹן עֻזֶּ֑ךָ Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:41 = Tehillim 132:8, עֹז = ark Tehillim 78:61.

עֹז פָּנָיו = boldness, impudence Koheles 8:1, changed by wisdom. De Wild and elsewhere; < read עַז פ׳ he who is impudent Septuagint Siegf (compare עזז Hiph.).

= stronghold (compare 2 c): Tehillim 8:3 out of the mouth of babes … thou hast founded strength, or a stronghold (for thy defence, compare v b), so Ewald De Hupfeld Kau Sch Cheyne Driver, compare Duhm; > praise old versions Baethgen.—מָעוֹז see עוז.

עִזּוּז

adjective mighty, powerful;—of an army Yeshaya 43:17; of י׳ Tehillim 24:8.

עָזָז

proper name (masc.) Reubenite name Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:8, Οζουζ, SeptuagintL Ιωαζαζ. (Ginsb^margin. עָזֵז, עָזָן, עַזָּן, compare Baer¹⁰⁰.)

עֻזָּא

proper name (masc.) Οζα, Αζα:

driver of the ark Shmuel Beis 6:3 = עֻזָּה v Shmuel Beis 6:6, Shmuel Beis 6:7, Tehillim 6:8 = עֻזָּא Divrei HaYamim Alef 13:7, Divrei HaYamim Alef 13:9, Divrei HaYamim Alef 13:10, Divrei HaYamim Alef 13:11.

in גַּן־עֻזָּא burial-place of Manasseh and Amon Melachim Beis 21:18, Melachim Beis 21:26 (ע׳ perhaps = עֻזִּיָּה, compare Stade^{G i. 569, ii. 679} Kittel).

Benjamite name Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:7.

head of family of returned exiles Ezra 2:49 = Nechemia 7:50.

עֻזָּה

proper name (masc.)

Levite name Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:14, Οζ(ι)α, Αζα.

see עֻזָּא.

עֲזַזְיָ֫הוּ

proper name (masc.) (י׳ is mighty);—Οζ(ε)ιας (= עֻזִּיָּהוּ):

Levite names:

Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:21 (del. Kittel).

Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:13 (? Kittel).

a Benjamite Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:20 (Kittel עֻזִּיָּהוּ; see also Gray^{Prop. N. 295}).

עֻזִּיאֵל

proper name (masc.) (my strength is Ēl);—Οζ(ε)ιηλ:

Levites:

Shemos 6:18, Shemos 6:22 Vayikra 10:4 Bamidbar 3:19, Bamidbar 3:30 Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:28; Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:3; Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:10; Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:12, Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:20; Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:24.

Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:4 (= עֲזַרְאֵל v Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:18), Septuagint (Vaticanus) Αζαραηλ.

Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:14.

2. Simeonite Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:42.

Benjamite Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:7.

repairer of wall Nechemia 3:8.—Vid. יַעֲזִיאֵל.

עֻזִּיָּהוּ

proper name (masc.) (my strength is י׳; compare OHeb. עזיו Lidzbarski³³⁸);—

Οζειας, but also Αζαριας: king of Judah = עַזֲרְיָהוּ:

עֻזִּיָּהוּ Melachim Beis 15:32, Melachim Beis 15:34; Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:1, Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:3, Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:8, Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:9, Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:11, Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:14, Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:18^(×2), Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:19, Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:21, Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:22, Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:23; Divrei HaYamim Beis 27:2; Yeshaya 1:1; Yeshaya 6:1; Yeshaya 7:1.

עֻזִּיָּה Melachim Beis 15:13, Melachim Beis 15:30; Hoshea 1:1; Amos 1:1; Zecharia 14:5.

עֻזִּיָּהוּ father of an officer of David Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:25.

עֻזִּיָּה Levite name Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:9.

the same: priest with foreign wife Ezra 10:21.

the same: name in Judah Nechemia 11:4 (also v Nechemia 11:5 Septuagint for חזיה).—Vid. also יַעֲזִיָּהוּ.

עֻזִּיָּא

proper name (masc.) (= foregoing; compare Gray^{Prop. N. 295});—hero of David Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:44, Οζεια(ς).

עֻזִּי

proper name (masc.) Οζει:

Levites:

Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:31, Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:32; Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:36; Ezra 7:4.

Nechemia 11:22.

priestly name Nechemia 12:19, Nechemia 12:42.

name in Issachar Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:2, Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:3.

Benjamite name Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:7; Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:8.

עַזְבּוּק²

proper name (masc.) father of one Nehemiah, a wall-builder Nechemia 3:16, Αζαβουχ, SeptuagintL Εζδουκ.

עַזְגָּד

proper name (masc.) Ασγαδ, Αζγαδ (Gad is mighty; Gray^{Prop. N. 145});—

head of family returning with Zerub. Ezra 2:12 = Nechemia 7:17.

returning with Ezra Ezra 8:12.

one of those sealed Nechemia 10:16.

עַזְמָ֫וֶת

proper name (masc.) A SeptuagintL usually Αζμωθ, Ασμωθ:

one of David’s heroes Shmuel Beis 23:31 Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:33, B Ασβωθ.

father of two of David’s men Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:3.

officer of David Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:25.

Benjamite name Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:36; Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:42, B Σαλμω, Γαβαωθ.

עַזְמָ֫וֶת²

proper name (place) see בֵּית־ע׳ p. 112 above

עַזָּן

proper name (masc.) οξα, οζα, in Issachar Bamidbar 34:26.

עֲזֵקָה

proper name (place) Αζηκα, in the Shephelah of Judah, near שׂוֹכֹה, Yehoshua 10:10, Yehoshua 10:11, Yehoshua 15:35, Shmuel Alef 17:1; Yirmiya 34:7; Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:9; Nechemia 11:30; not identified.

עָזַר

verb help, succour (Mishnaic Hebrew n. עֶזְרָה help; Phoenician in deriv. and cpds. Lidzbarski^{338 f.}; Arabic عَذَرَ excuse, exculpate, also aid; Aramaic ܥܕܰܪ help, Palmyrene עדר, rarely עזר Lidzbarski³³⁸ Cook^89.90);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular with suffix עֲזָרָ֑נִי Tehillim 118:13, עֲזָֽרְךָ Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:19; 3rd plural with suffix עֲזָרֻם Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:20, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַעֲזָר־ Yeshaya 50:7, Yeshaya 50:9, with suffix יַעְזְרֶךָּ Yeshaya 44:2; 3rd masculine plural יַעְזֹ֑רוּ Yeshaya 30:7; Yeshaya 41:6, וַיַּעְזְרוּ Melachim Alef 1:7, with suffix יַעַזְרֻנִי Tehillim 119:175, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. with suffix עָזְרֵנִי Tehillim 109:26; Tehillim 119:86 + Yehoshua 10:4 Kesiv, mpl. with suffix עִזְרֻנִי Keri; etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct לַעֲזֹר Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:17, לַעֲזוֹר Divrei HaYamim Alef 18:5, לַעְזֹר Yehoshua 10:33 + 5 times, לַעְזוֹר Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:8 + Shmuel Beis 18:3 Keri (> Kesiv לַעֲזִיר Hiph.); with suffix לְעָזְרֵנִי Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:17 + 2 times, etc.; participle (בינוני) active עֹזֵר Melachim Alef 20:16 +, etc.; passive עָזֻר Yeshaya 31:3;—help, with a direct object person Melachim Alef 20:16; Yehoshua 1:14, Yeshaya 41:6 + Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:23 reading עֹזְרִים Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 53 o, for Masoretic Text מַעְזְרִים, appar. Hiph.; subj. false gods); with a direct object location (city) Yehoshua 10:33; especially c. with suffix person Yehoshua 10:4, Yehoshua 10:6 (+ הוֹשִׁיעַ; both ), Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:18, Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:20, Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:23 (van d. H. v Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:17, Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:19, Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:22), Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:3; Ezra 8:22 (+ מִן of enemy), Ezra 10:15; Daniel 10:13 (subj. Michael); subj. often God (י׳), with a direct object person Tehillim 10:14; Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:26, usually with suffix Breishis 49:25 (poem in J), Shmuel Alef 7:12; Yeshaya 41:10, Yeshaya 41:13, Yeshaya 41:14 + 12 times + Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:7 (c. עַל against), Tehillim 37:40 (+ פִּלֵּט), Tehillim 46:6 (with suffix of city), Tehillim 109:26 (‖ הוֹשִׁיעַ); subj. false gods Devarim 32:8; Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:23; c. לְ person Shmuel Beis 8:5 + Divrei HaYamim Alef 18:5 + 4 times + Shmuel Beis 18:3 (read Keri לַעֲזוֹר, or לְעֹזֵר? compare H.P. Smith); subj. י׳ Is Yeshaya 50:7, Yeshaya 50:9; c. עִם person Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:22 (van d. H. v Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:21; + עַל against); c. אַחֲרֵי person (construct praegn.) Melachim Alef 1:7; c. בְּ person against whom Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:23 (+ inf.); c. בֵּין … לְ, of י׳, Divrei HaYamim Beis 14:10; absolute Yeshaya 30:7; Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:13 (+ עַל against), Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:16; ע׳ לְרָעָה Zecharia 1:15 they helped, with evil result; י׳ subj., Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:8 (opposite הַכְשִׁיל); also pt. c. with suffix Yechezkel 30:8 + 3 times; c. לְ person Melachim Beis 14:26 + 5 times; of י׳ Tehillim 30:11; Tehillim 54:6; absolute Yeshaya 31:3; Yeshaya 63:5 Yirmiya 47:4 Tehillim 22:12; Tehillim 107:12; construct עֹזְרֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:1, עֹזְרֵי רָ֑הַב Iyov 9:13 (see רַהַב); participle (בינוני) passive absolute as noun he who is helped Yeshaya 31:3.

past (עבר) וְנֶעֱזָרְ֑תִּי Tehillim 28:7 I am helped (sc. by י׳); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural וַיֵּעָֽזְרוּ Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:20 (sc. the same; + עַל against), c. n. cogn. יֵעָֽזְרוּ עֵזֶר מְעָט Daniel 11:34; infinitive (מקור) construct הִפְלִיא לְהֵעָזֵר Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:15 he was wonderfully helped (literally made wonderful to be helped).

doubtful: infinitive (מקור) construct Shmuel Beis 18:3 Kesiv, participle (בינוני) plural מַעְזְרִים Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:23, see Qal.

עֵ֫זֶר

noun (masc.) ^{Tehillim 121:1} help, succour;—ע׳ absolute Breishis 2:18 +, with suffix עֶזְרִי Shemos 18:4, עֶזְרֹה Yechezkel 12:14, etc.;—

help, succour Yeshaya 30:5 (‖ הוֹעִיל, opposite בּשֶׁת, חֶרְפָּה), Daniel 11:34; from י׳ Tehillim 20:3; Tehillim 121:1, Tehillim 121:2; Tehillim 124:8; in Tehillim 89:20 read; נֵזֶר for ע׳ Dy Gratz Kau (עֹז Bi Cheyne), compare Hupfeld; מָגֵן עֶזְר֑ךָ Devarim 33:29) = י׳).

concr. = one who helps (compare i. עֶזְרָה 2) בְּע׳ (בְּ essent., see ב I 7 b, Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 119 h, i) Breishis 2:18, Breishis 2:20 + Hoshea 13:9 (read מִי בְע׳ Cheyne Wellhausen Guthe^Kau Nowack); coll. (without בְּ) Yechezkel 12:14 (si vera l.; Co עֹזְרָיו); especially of י׳ ע׳ מִצָּרָיו Devarim 33:7 (poem), ע׳ + מָגֵן Tehillim 33:20; Tehillim 115:9, Tehillim 115:10, Tehillim 115:11, + מְפַלֵּט Tehillim 70:6; בְּע׳ (see above) Shemos 18:4, Devarim 33:26 (poem), Tehillim 146:4. אֶבֶן הָעֵזֶר see אֶבֶן (9).

עֵ֫זֶר²

proper name (masc.) (Phoenician and OHeb. עזר Lidzbarski³³⁸);—

a wall-builder Nechemia 3:19, Αζουρ.

name in Judah Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:4, Αζηρ, Εζερ.

hero of David Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:10 (van d. H. v Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:9), Αζερ, etc.

עֶ֫זֶר

proper name (masc.)

Ephraimite Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:21, Εζερ.

עָ֑זֶר, a priest, Nechemia 12:42, Ιεζουρ.

עֶזְרָא

proper name (masc.) Εσρας, Εσδρας, Εζδρας;

Ezra Ezra 7:1, Ezra 7:10; Ezra 10:1, Ezra 10:2, Ezra 10:5, Ezra 10:6; Nechemia 8:6; called (ה)סֹּפֵר Ezra 7:6 Nechemia 8:1, Nechemia 8:4, Nechemia 8:5, Nechemia 8:13; Nechemia 12:36, הַכֹּהֵן Ezra 10:10, Ezra 10:16; Nechemia 8:2, Nechemia 8:9, both Ezra 7:11; Nechemia 12:26.

priest with Zerub. Nechemia 12:1, Nechemia 12:13.

Nechemia 12:33.

עֶזְרָה

noun (fem.) help, succour, assistance;—absolute ע׳ Yeshaya 10:3 +, עֶזְרָת Tehillim 60:13; Tehillim 108:13 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 80 g), עֶזְרָ֫תָה Tehillim 63:8 + 2 times; construct עֶזְרַת Yeshaya 31:2 +; with suffix עֶזְרָתִי Tehillim 22:20 +, etc.;—

help, succour Yeshaya 10:3; Yeshaya 20:6 (+ לְהִנָּצֵל), Yeshaya 31:1; Yirmiya 37:7;Eicha 4:17; Iyov 6:13; Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:21; ע׳ פֹּעֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן Yeshaya 31:2 help from, etc.; ע׳ י׳ Shoftim 5:23^(×2) help of (for) י׳; from י׳ Tehillim 22:20, Tehillim 38:23; Tehillim 40:14 (‖ לְהַצִּילֵנִי), Tehillim 70:2 (‖ the same), Tehillim 71:12, + מִצָּ֑ר Tehillim 60:13 (‖ תְּשׁוּעָה) = Tehillim 108:13.

concr., embodied help, one who helps (compare i. עֵזֶר 2):

coll. Iyov 31:21 when I saw my help (assistance, support) in the gate; בְּע׳ (see i. עֵזֶר 2) Nachum 3:9.

of י׳ Tehillim 27:9; Tehillim 40:18 (+ מְפַלֵּט), Tehillim 46:2 (‖ מַחֲסֶה, עֹז), Tehillim 44:27; Tehillim 63:8; Tehillim 94:17; בְּע׳ Tehillim 35:2.

עֶזְרָה²

proper name (masc.) Εσρει, Ιεζραα, in Judah Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:17.

עַזּוּר

and (once) עַזֻּר proper name (masc.) Αζωρ, Εζερ, Ιαζερ:

father of Hananiah Yirmiya 28:1.

עַזֻּר Yechezkel 11:1.

a chief of people Nechemia 10:18.

עֲזַרְאֵל

proper name (masc.) (Ēl hath helped);—Οζρειηλ, Εζριηλ, etc.:

warrior of David Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:7 (van d. H. v Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:6).

Levite musician Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:18 (= עֻזִּיאֵל v Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:4), B Αζαρια, A Εζριηλ.

a Danite Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:22, Αζαραηλ, Εζριηλ.

one with foreign wife Ezra 10:41.

priestly name:

Nechemia 11:13.

Nechemia 12:36.

עַזְרִיאֵל

proper name (masc.) (my help is Ēl);—Εσ(δ)ριηλ, etc.:

a Manassite Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:24.

name in Naphtali Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:19.

עֲזַרְיָ֫הוּ

proper name (masc.) (י׳ hath helped); Azariah (OHeb. עזריהו, Phoenician עזרבעל, Old Aramaic הדדעזר, הדעדר, Lidzbarski^{338, 258} Cook⁴²);—Αζαριας:

king of Judah (Assyrian Azriyâʾû Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament Melachim Beis 15:1 Jäger^{BAS i. 468}) עֲוַרְיָהוּ Melachim Beis 15:6, Melachim Beis 15:8; עֲוַרְיָה Melachim Beis 14:21; Melachim Beis 15:1, Melachim Beis 15:7, Melachim Beis 15:17, Melachim Beis 15:23, Melachim Beis 15:27; Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:12 (see עֻזִּיָּה).

-יָהוּ officer of Sol. Melachim Alef 4:5.

the same prophet Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:1.

sons of Jehosh.:

the same, Divrei HaYamim Beis 21:2.

-יָה v Divrei HaYamim Beis 21:2.

priests:

-יָהוּ Melachim Alef 4:2 = -יָה Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:36, Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:37; Ezra 7:3.

-יָה Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:35^(×2).

the same, Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:39, Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:40; Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:11; Ezra 7:1.

the same, Nechemia 10:3.

-יָהוּ Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:10, Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:13, = -יָה Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:17, Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:20.

Levites, -יָהוּ:

Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:12.

v Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:12. -יָה:

Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:21.

-יָהוּ a temple captain Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:1 a (van d. H. -יָה compare Ginsb^margin), v Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:1 b.

-יָה wall-builder Nechemia 3:23, Nechemia 3:24.

-יָה one with Zerub. Nechemia 7:7 (שְׂרָיָה ‖ Ezra 2:2). 10. -יָה Nechemia 12:33. 11. -יָהוּ Ephraimite Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:12. 12. -יָה name in Judah:

son of Ethan (!) Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:8.

v Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:38, Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:39.*—For עֲזַרְיָה Divrei HaYamim Beis 22:6 read אֲחַזְיָה, compare v Divrei HaYamim Beis 22:7.

עֶזְרִי

proper name (masc.) Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:26, Εσδρει, Εζραι.

עַזְרִיקָם

proper name (masc.) Εζρεικαν, Εζρικαμ, etc.:

decendant of David Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:23.

prince in Judah Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:7.

Benjamite Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:38; Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:44.

Levite Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:14; Nechemia 11:15.

עֵט

noun (masc.) ^{Yirmiya 8:8} stylus (√ doubtful; Konig^{ii. 1, 83} (after older authorities) cp. Arabic غوط, غَاطَ sink, penetrate);—ע׳ only construct:

of iron, for use on stone or metal Yirmiya 17:1 (בְּצִפֹּרֶן שָׂמִיר with diamond-point), Iyov 19:24 (see also חֶרֶט).

probably = reed-pen (used on roll, compare Yirmiya 36:2, Yirmiya 36:23 etc.), ע׳ שֶׁקֶר סֹפְרִים Yirmiya 8:8, figuratively, לְשׁוֹנִי ע׳ סוֹפֵר מָהִיר Tehillim 45:1 (compare Nowack^{Arch. i. 290} Benzinger^{Arch. 290}).

עָטָה

verb wrap oneself, enwrap, envelop oneself (Arabic غَطَا cover, conceal; Aramaic ܥܛܳܐ extinguish, destroy; Assyrian eṭû, be dark, eṭûtu, darkness);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular וְע׳ (consec.) Yirmiya 43:12; 3rd plural וְעָטוּ (consec.) Micha 3:7; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַעְטֶה Vayikra 13:45 + 2 times, וַיַּ֫עַט Yeshaya 59:17; 2nd masculine singular תַּעְטֶה Yechezkel 24:17; 3rd masculine plural יַעֲטוּ (Baer יַעְ׳ Tehillim 71:13; Tehillim 109:29; 2nd masculine plural תַּעְטוּ Yechezkel 24:22; participle (בינוני) active עֹטֶה Shmuel Alef 28:14 Tehillim 104:2; fs. עֹטְיָה Shir HaShirim 1:7;—wrap, envelop oneself with sthg. (direct object, like לבשׁ): וְהוּא עֹטֶה מְעִיל Shmuel Alef 28:14 an old man ascending, and he is enwrapped in a robe; so יַע׳ הָרֹעֶה בִּגְדוֹ Yirmiya 43:12 (simile), and וְע׳ אֶת־אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם v Yirmiya 43:12 he will wrap himself in the land of Egypt (use it as a robe, figuratively, of Nebuchadnezzar; so completely will it be in his power, Graf); so figuratively of י׳, וַיַּעַט כַּמְעִיל קִנְאָה Yeshaya 59:17 (‖ לָבַשׁ), ע׳־אוֹר כַּשַּׂלְמָה Tehillim 104:2; of men, כְּבֶגֶד יַע׳ Tehillim 109:19 (simile ‖ לָבַשׁ v Tehillim 109:18), וְיַע׳ כַמְעִיל בָּשְׁתָּם v Tehillim 109:29 (‖ the same), יַע׳ חֶרְפָּה וגו׳ Tehillim 71:13; c. עַל of part covered, in phrase וְעָטוּ עַל־שָׂפָם Micha 3:7 they shall envelop themselves upon their beard (cover the beard, sign of mourning or shame Cheyne Nowack Benzinger^{Arch. 165} Nowack^{Arch. i. 195}), so Yechezkel 24:17, Yechezkel 24:22 and (of leper) Vayikra 13:45; pt. f. עֹטְיָה Shir HaShirim 1:7 as noun, one wrapping (a veil about her), that is a mourner; > a harlot (compare Breishis 38:14); but preferably II עטה picked lice.—וַיַּעַט etc., see also עיט; מְעֻטָּה, see מדט.

past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular הֶעֱטִיתָ עָלָיו בּוּשָׁה Tehillim 89:46 (of י׳) thou hast wrapped shame upon him (enwrapped him in shame); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular בְּרָכוֹת יַעְטֶה מוֹרֶה Tehillim 84:7 early rain enwrappeth (it, עֵמֶק הַבָּכָא v a) with blessings (Septuagint δώσει, as if from Arabic عطو, عَطَا iii, iv. give, compare Ne^{Marg. 41}); read probably also יַעֲטֵנִי Yeshaya 61:10 (for Masoretic Text יְעָטָ֑נִי, see יעט) with a robe of rightness he envelopeth me, so Brd Dillmann Ry^Kau Duhm; > Qal past (עבר) עָטָ֑נִי Klostermann Cheyne^Haupt.

עַטָה

verb grasp (Arabic عطو, عَطَا i, vii. take with hands);—

infinitive (מקור) absolute + participle (בינוני) active with suffix וְעֹטְךָ עָטֹה Yeshaya 22:17 he shall grasp thee forcibly, compare Gesenius^commentaries Hitzig Ewald De Cheyne^commentaries Dillmann Guthe^Kau; > Gesenius' Thesaurus RobGes Buhl^{Lex (13)} from I. עטה (he shall wrap, roll the tight together); picked lice Yirmiya 43:12 (Bött^{NÄ 163} Septuagint compare Yeshaya 22:17 Shir HaShirim 1:7).

עֲטָרָה

noun (fem.) crown, wreath;—absolute ע׳ Yechezkel 21:31; Shir HaShirim 3:11; construct עֲטֶרֶת Shmuel Beis 12:30 + 17 times; plural עֲטָרוֹת Zecharia 6:11; Iyov 31:36, עֲטָרֹת Zecharia 6:14;—crown:

of idol-image (Milcom, Septuagint Wellhausen Klostermann Driver Kittel Löhr H.P. Smith) Shmuel Beis 12:30 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 20:2; golden, ע׳ פָּז Tehillim 21:4; ע׳ תִּפְאַרְתְּכֶם of king and queen, Yirmiya 13:18 the crown of your splendour; compare Yechezkel 21:31; wedding-crown Shir HaShirim 3:11.

ע׳ זָהָב Esther 8:15 (of Mordecai); of silver and gold Zecharia 6:11, Zecharia 6:14; ע׳ תִּפְאֶרֶת crown of splendour, on personif. Jerus. Yechezkel 16:12 (in allegory), Jerus. and Samaria Yechezkel 23:42; ע׳ as appos. (= simile) Iyov 31:36.

figuratively of honour, etc., Iyov 19:9 (‖ כְּבוֹדִי) Eicha 5:16; אֵשֶׁת חַיִל ע׳ בַּעְלָהּ Mishlei 12:4, compare Mishlei 14:24; Mishlei 17:6; ע׳ תִּפְאֶרֶת Mishlei 16:31 (of שֵׂיבָה); gift of wisdom Mishlei 4:9; figuratively of Jerus. Yeshaya 62:3 (‖ צְנִיף מְלוּכָה), compare ע׳ גֵאוּת Yeshaya 28:1, 3 figuratively of Samaria; figuratively of י׳, ע׳ צְבִי v Yeshaya 28:5 (‖ צְפִירַת תִּפְאָרָה).

עֲטָרָה²

proper namef. Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:26, Αταρα.

עֲטָרוֹת

and (Bamidbar 32:34) עֲטָרֹת proper name (place) Αταρωθ, etc.:

E. of Jordan (Mesha Inscription^{10. 11});—

Bamidbar 32:3 (+ דִּיכוֹן, etc)—mod. Aṭṭarûs, c. 8 miles NNW. from Dibon—built by Gad Bamidbar 32:34 (+ ד׳, עֲרֹעֵר, and also)

עַטְרֹת שׁוֹפָן v Bamidbar 32:35 (Sam. ע׳ שפים, see Dillmann; site unknown).

W. of Jordan, conject. as to sites see in Dillmann Buhl^{Geogr. 172}:

on border between Ephr. and Benj. Yehoshua 16:2, = עַטְרוֹת אַדָּר v Yehoshua 16:5; Yehoshua 18:13.

on E. border of Ephr. Yehoshua 16:7.

עַטְרוֹת בֵּית יוֹאָב Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:54 in Judah; a ‘son’ of Salma (+ Bethlehem, and elsewhere).

עַי

proper name (place) Αγγαι (Gn), Γαι:

old Canaanit. city, עַי always c. art. הָעַי (הָעָ֑י Breishis 13:3 +), near Bethel to the SE. (exact site unknown, compare Dillmann Yehoshua 7:2 Buhl^{Geogr. 177}), Breishis 12:8, Breishis 13:3, Yehoshua 7:2^(×2), Yehoshua 7:3, Yehoshua 7:4, Yehoshua 7:5; Yehoshua 8:1^(×2), Yehoshua 8:2, Yehoshua 8:3 + 18 times Yehoshua 8 (+ Keri v Yehoshua 8:12, Yehoshua 8:16, but improb., Kesiv עיר, compare Dillmann), Yehoshua 9:3; Yehoshua 10:1^(×2), Yehoshua 10:2 (all ), Yehoshua 12:9, Ezra 2:28 = Nechemia 7:31; = עַיָּת Yeshaya 10:28; עַיָּה (so Baer Ginsb, > עַיָּא van d. H.) Nechemia 11:31, so read also (for עַזָּה q.see ad fin.) Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:28.

E. Jordan city Yirmiya 49:3 (+ חֶשְׁבוֹן), but read עָר city (?) Graf Rothst^Kau Co (הָעִיר?).

עִי²

עֵיבָל⁴

see עוֹבָל under עבל.

עַיָּה

עִיּוֹן

proper name (place) Αιν, in Naphtali;—Melachim Alef 15:20 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:4; Melachim Beis 15:29 (on Shmuel Beis 24:6 see דָּן p. 193 a above). Perhaps = Tell Dibbin, on the platau Merj ʿayyûn Buhl^{Geogr. 11, 110}), between the Lîṭânî and the Ḥāsbânî (Id. ^{ib. 237 f.}).

עַ֫יִט

noun (masc.) Yirmiya 12:9 bird(s) of prey (from scream);—absolute ע׳ Breishis 15:11 +, עָ֑יִט Iyov 28:7, c. art. (perhaps) הַע׳ Yirmiya 12:9 b (compare Giesebrecht; הַע׳ interrog. v a); construct עֵיט Yeshaya 18:6; Yechezkel 39:4;—usually coll. Breishis 15:11, Yeshaya 18:6 Iyov 28:7, עֵיט הָרִים Yeshaya 18:6, עֵיט צִפּוֹר כָּל־כָּנָף Yechezkel 39:4; figuratively of foes of Judah Yirmiya 12:9 b; of single bird v Yirmiya 12:9 a (figuratively of Judah), Yeshaya 46:11 (figuratively of invader, ‖ אִישׁ עֲצָתִי).

עֵיטָם

proper name (place) (perhaps animal-name, from עַיִט, compare Gray^{Prop. Names 93});—

Ηταμ, SeptuagintL Ιταμ, a cliff, סְעִיף סֶלַע ע׳ Shoftim 15:8, Shoftim 15:11 perhaps near town עֵיטָם, see following, but at ʿArāḳ Ismaʿīn near edge of Shephelah, WSW. from Jerus. according to Schick^{ZPV x (1887), 143 ff.}

Αιταν[μ], etc., city fortified by Rehob. Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:6, between Bethlehem and Tekoa, = ʿAinʿAtān c. 2 miles SSW. from B., Buhl^Geogr.92 G.F. Moore Shoftim 15:8, near Ŭrtâs Robinson^{BR i. 477}; clan in Judah Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:3.

Αιταν[μ], in Simeon Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:32 (Be [not Oettli Kau Kittel] reads עֵתֶר from Yehoshua 15:42).

עֵילָם

proper namegent. et terr. Elam, Αιλαμ, Ἐλαμεῖται, well-known country and people NE. of Lower Tigris (Assyrian Elamtu Delitzsch^{Pa 320 ff.} Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament Breishis 10:22);—as early invaders of Palestin Breishis 14:1, Breishis 14:9, allies of Assyrian Yeshaya 22:6; foe of Babylon Yeshaya 21:2; abode of dispersed Israelites Yeshaya 11:11; prophesied against Yirmiya 49:34, Yirmiya 49:35, Yirmiya 49:36^(×2) (Keri, Kesiv עולם), v Yirmiya 49:37, Yirmiya 49:38, Yirmiya 49:39 Yechezkel 32:24, compare כָּל־מַלְכֵי ע׳ Yirmiya 25:25; called ‘son’ of Shem Breishis 10:22 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:17; purely local designation ע׳ הַמְּדִינָה Daniel 8:2.

עֵילָם²

proper name (masc.) Ηλαμ, Αιλαμ:

heads of families of returned exiles:

Ezra 2:7 = Nechemia 7:12.

Ezra 2:31 = Nechemia 7:33.

Ezra 8:7; Ezra 10:2 (Keri; Kesiv עולם), v Ezra 10:26.

a chief of people Nechemia 10:15.

name in Benjamin Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:24.

Levite name Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:3.

a priest Nechemia 12:42.

עַ֫יִן

noun (fem.) Breishis 3:7 and (Zecharia 3:9; Zecharia 4:10 Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 75}) m. eye (ancient Sem. word; √ and relation to ii. ע׳ unknown; Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Phoenician ען; Targum עֵינָא, עַיְינָא; Palmyrene עינא, Zinj. with suffix עיני, עינך; Syriac ܥܰܝܢܳܐ; Assyrian ênu, enu, TelAm. with suffix inaya and (appar. Can. gloss) ḫinaya; Arabic عَيْنٌ; Ethiopic ዐይን );—absolute ע׳ Shemos 21:4 +, construct עֵין v Shemos 21:26 +; with suffix עֵינִי Breishis 44:21 + (Shmuel Beis 16:12 read עָנְיִי old versions commentaries), עֵינֵךָ Devarim 7:16 +, עֵינֵנוּ Tehillim 35:21 (Shmuel Beis 20:6 see נצל Hiph.); with suffix 3rd masculine plural עֵינָם Yeshaya 13:18 (Zecharia 5:6 read עֲוֹנָם Septuagint Wellhausen Gratz Nowack), עֵינֵמוֹ Tehillim 73:7 (but read עֲוֹנָמוֹ see commentaries); usually dual עֵינַיִם Breishis 20:16 +, עֵינָ֑יִם Yeshaya 3:16 +, especially construct עֵינֵי Breishis 3:7 +, עֵנֵי Yeshaya 3:8; with suffix עֵינַי Breishis 31:10 +, עֵינֶיךָ Shoftim 6:17 +, etc. (Hoshea 10:10 read עֲוֹנֹתָם) compare Septuagint Vulgate Cheyne Wellhausen Gratz Nowack);—eye:

literally as physical organ,

of man Shemos 21:6^(×3), Breishis 3:6 +, Vayikra 21:20; Vayikra 24:20^(×2); Vayikra 26:16 (H; very rarely P, for example Devarim 34:4, Devarim 34:7), Melachim Beis 4:34^(×2) +; once שְׁתֵּי עֵינַי Shoftim 16:28.

anthropomorph. of י׳ Tehillim 33:18; Tehillim 34:16 (אֶל) +.

of idols Tehillim 115:5; Tehillim 135:16.

of beasts Breishis 30:41, Iyov 40:24 (hippop., si vera l., but probably crpt. Dillmann Siegf Budde Duhm where see conjunction), Iyov 41:10 (crocod.); bird Iyov 28:7; Iyov 39:29; Mishlei 1:17.

in wheels Yechezkel 1:18 compare Yechezkel 10:12; on stone Zecharia 3:9 (all in visions).

subj. of ראה see Breishis 45:12^(×2), + (often Dt), c. חזה Tehillim 11:4; men see בְּע׳ Devarim 3:27; Melachim Beis 7:12 +; especially נָשָׂא ע׳ + ראה Breishis 13:10, Breishis 13:14 +; compare לְכָל־מַרְאֵה עֵינֵי הַכֹּהֵן Vayikra 13:12 = as far as the priest can see, מַרְאֵה ע׳ Devarim 28:34 what is seen by the eyes = v Devarim 28:67 Koheles 6:9.

as affected by sleep, see שֵׁנָה under [יָשֵׁן].

as weeping, ע׳ מְקוֹר דִּמְעָה Yirmiya 8:23, ע׳ נִגְּרָה Eicha 3:49, דָּֽלְפָה ע׳ Iyov 16:20; see also Yirmiya 31:16 Tehillim 116:8, and ירד Qal 3 c.

as growing dim, see I. כָּהָה, חָשַׁךְ 3; c. כָּבֵד Breishis 48:10, קוּם Shmuel Alef 4:15 Melachim Alef 14:4, שָׁעַע Yeshaya 32:3; Yeshaya 6:10 (Hiph.); c. כָּלָה pine, languish, see כ׳ Qal 2 b, Pi. 2 b, c. דָּאַב Tehillim 88:10, עָשַׁשׁ Tehillim 6:8; Tehillim 31:10, דָּלַל Yeshaya 38:14.

c. פָּקַח open, after sleep Iyov 27:19, sleep of death Melachim Beis 4:35; = keep awake Mishlei 20:13 (opposite שֵׁנָה); of new power of vision Breishis 3:5, Breishis 3:7, given by God Breishis 21:19, Melachim Beis 6:17^(×2); so (c. וַיְגַל) Bamidbar 22:31; = give sight to blind Melachim Beis 6:20^(×2); Yeshaya 35:5; Yeshaya 42:7 Tehillim 146:8; of God (י׳) opening his eyes, פָּקַח ע׳ Melachim Beis 19:16 = Yeshaya 37:17, Daniel 9:18, + עַל־ Yirmiya 32:19; Zecharia 12:4; Iyov 14:3 שִׂים ע׳ עַל Breishis 44:21 Yirmiya 39:12; Yirmiya 40:4, + לטובה Yirmiya 24:6, + לרעה Amos 9:4; c. פָּתַח, + אֶל־ Melachim Alef 8:29 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:20; Melachim Alef 8:52; Nechemia 1:6, + ל Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:40; Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:15; + inf. Nechemia 1:6.

אוֹר ע׳ etc., = revive, see אור verb Qal, Hiph.; noun, 10.

קָרַץ ע׳ = wink Tehillim 35:19; Mishlei 10:10, ק׳ בְּע׳ Mishlei 6:13.

יִרְזְמוּן ע׳ Iyov 15:12 that is roll (in anger).

לָטַשׁ ע׳ ל׳ Iyov 16:9 whet eyes against = ‘look daggers at.’

put out eye, see עִוֵּר, נקר.

as feature of beauty, יְפֵה ע׳ Devarim 16:12; compare Shir HaShirim 4:9; Shir HaShirim 7:5, ע׳ יוֹנִים Shir HaShirim 1:15; Shir HaShirim 4:1 and Shir HaShirim 5:12 (כְּיוֹנִים); on other hand, ע׳ לֵאָה רַכּוֹת Breishis 29:17; וַתָּשֶׂם בַּפּוּךְ ע׳ †Melachim Beis 9:30 (see פּוּךְ), compare Yirmiya 4:30, כָּחַל ע׳ Yechezkel 23:40 paint the eyes †.

apple of the eye, see אִישׁוֹן, [בָּבָה], בַּת 6.

גַּבֹּת ע׳ Vayikra 14:9 eyebrows.

חַכְלִילִי ע׳ מִיָּ֑יִן Breishis 49:12, חַכְלִילוּת ע ׳ Mishlei 23:29 (see ח׳); מְאוֹר ע׳ Mishlei 15:30, see Toy.—see שׁתם for Bamidbar 24:3, Bamidbar 24:15.

eyes as shewing mental qualities: arrogance ע׳ גַבְהוּת Yeshaya 2:11, ע׳ גְבֹהִים Yeshaya 5:15, גְּבַהּ־ע׳ Tehillim 101:5, תִּפְאֶרֶת רוּם ע׳ Yeshaya 10:12; c. רוּם also Tehillim 18:28 (so read also ‖ Shmuel Beis 22:28 Hupfeld H.P. Smith), Tehillim 131:1 Mishlei 6:17; Mishlei 21:4; humility, שַׁח ע׳ Iyov 22:29; mockery, ע׳ תִּלְעַג לְ Mishlei 30:17; compare רָעָה ע׳ בְּ Devarim 15:9 (grudging), Devarim 28:54, Devarim 28:56 (the same); especially (עַל) ע׳ אַל־תָּחֹס not have pity on Devarim 7:16 + 4 times Dt, Yechezkel 5:11 + 8 times Ez, Yeshaya 13:18, also Breishis 45:20 (E; = not regret); compare נֹחַם יִסָּתֵר מֵע׳ Hoshea 13:14.

מַחְמַד ע׳ Yechezkel 24:16 desire of the eyes, so v Yechezkel 24:21, Yechezkel 24:25; שִׁקּוּצֵי ע׳ Yechezkel 20:7 abominations of the eyes, so v Yechezkel 20:3.—Tehillim 73:7 see חֵלֶב.

Fig. of mental and spiritual faculties, acts and states:

תִּפָּקַחְנָה ע׳ Breishis 3:5, Breishis 3:7 Yeshaya 42:7, גִּלוּי ע׳ Bamidbar 24:4, Bamidbar 24:16; also טַח מֵרְאוֹת ע׳ Yeshaya 44:18; ע׳ אֶל־י׳ Tehillim 123:2 (see v Tehillim 123:2^(×2) for origin of figuratively), +; of י׳, Tehillim 33:18 (that is his favour) Tehillim 34:16 (the same) +.

ע׳ הַזֹּנוֹת Yechezkel 6:9; תִּשְׂבַּע ע׳ Koheles 1:8; Koheles 4:8; שָֽׁאֲלוּ ע׳ Koheles 2:10; ע׳ לְנֹכַח יַבִּיטוּ Mishlei 4:25; טוֹב־ע׳ Mishlei 22:9 = bountiful, רַע עָ֑יִן Mishlei 23:6 = niggardly one, so Mishlei 28:22; eye as avenue of temptation Iyov 31:1, Iyov 31:7; שִׁית ע׳ Tehillim 17:11 = design.

especially בְּעֵינֵי, c. adjective and intrans. verbs, in the view, opinion, of Breishis 16:4, Breishis 16:5, Breishis 21:11, Breishis 21:12, Breishis 34:18, + often; c. active verb Shmuel Beis 10:3 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:3; Esther 1:17; Esther 3:6; הַטּוֹב בְּע׳ Breishis 16:6; Breishis 19:14, +, that is what one pleases, Bamidbar 36:6 whom they please; הַיָּשָׁר בְּע׳ Devarim 12:8, Devarim 12:25 +, הַטּוֹב וְהַיָּשָׁר בְּע׳ v Devarim 12:28 Yehoshua 9:25, הָרַע בְּע׳ Shoftim 2:11; Shoftim 3:7; Devarim 4:25 + especially D and K (R^D); so לְנֶגֶד עיניו Shmuel Beis 22:25 = Tehillim 18:25; אַחֲרֵי עֵינֵיכֶם Bamidbar 15:39 = according to your wish, fancy (+ לְבַבְכֶם).

נֶעְלָם מֵע׳ Vayikra 4:13 that is hid from knowledge of, so Bamidbar 5:13 (both P), Iyov 28:21; מֵע׳ Bamidbar 15:24 without the knowledge of; אַעְלִים ע׳ מִן Yeshaya 1:15 = disregard, pay no attention; compare Vayikra 20:4 Yechezkel 22:26; without מִן, absolute, Mishlei 28:27; נִסְתְּרוּ מֵע׳ Yeshaya 65:16, וַיַּסְתֵּר עָמָל מֵע׳ Iyov 3:10; אַעְלִים ע׳ בּוֹ (that is בַּכֹּפֶר) Shmuel Alef 12:3 (נעלים sandals + ענו בי Septuagint Th Wellhausen Kittel, compare Ecclus^{xlvi. 19}; Budde H.P. Smith ins. ענו בי); הַשֹּׁחַד יְעַוֵּר ע׳ Devarim 16:19, compare כְּסוּת ע׳ Breishis 20:16.

Transferred meanings:

visible surface of earth Shemos 10:5, Shemos 10:15 Bamidbar 22:5, Bamidbar 22:11.

appearance Vayikra 13:5 (P; reading בְּעֵינוֹ Dillmann Kau Driver-Wh), v Vayikra 13:37 (P; reading the same), v Vayikra 13:55 Bamidbar 11:7^(×2); so appar. dual Shmuel Alef 16:7.

gleam, sparkle (of metal, jewels, etc.) Yechezkel 1:4, Yechezkel 1:7, Yechezkel 1:16, Yechezkel 1:22, Yechezkel 1:27; Yechezkel 8:2; Yechezkel 10:9 Daniel 10:6; of wine Mishlei 23:31.

Other phrases are: ע׳ תַּחַת ע׳ Shemos 21:24 = Vayikra 24:20, = ע׳ בְּע׳ Devarim 19:21, all = an eye for an eye; ע׳ בְּע׳ = eye to eye, Bamidbar 14:14 Yeshaya 52:8 (figuratively), compare וְע׳ אֶת־ע׳ תִּרְאֶינָה Yirmiya 32:4; Yirmiya 34:3; especially לְעֵינֵי in the presence of, in full view of Breishis 42:24 Breishis 47:19 Shemos 4:30 Bamidbar 19:5, + often of business transaction Yirmiya 32:12^(×2); Breishis 23:11, Breishis 23:18; so נֶגֶד ע׳ Yoel 1:16, לְנֶגֶד ע׳ Iyov 4:16, בְּע׳ Yehoshua 3:7; Yehoshua 4:14 Shmuel Alef 21:14 Ezra 3:12; נִגְרַזְתִּי מִנֶּגֶד ע׳ Tehillim 31:23; בֵּין ע׳ = on the forehead Shemos 13:9, Shemos 13:16 Devarim 6:8; Devarim 11:18; Devarim 14:1; Daniel 8:5, Daniel 8:21.

עַ֫יִן²

noun (fem.) spring (of water) (connexion with i. ע׳ doubtful; Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Phoenician ען; Assyrian ênu, înu; Arabic عَيْنٌ; Ethiopic ዐይን; Palmyrene עינא, Targum עֵינָא, עַיְינָא; Syriac ܥܰܝܢܳܐ );—absolute ע׳ Shmuel Alef 29:1 +, עָ֑יִן Breishis 49:22 +, הָעַ֫יְנָה Breishis 24:16, Breishis 24:45; construct עֵין v Breishis 24:13 +; plural עֲיָנֹת Devarim 8:7, -וֹת Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:3; construct עֵינוֹת Shemos 15:27 = Bamidbar 33:9, עִינוֹת Mishlei 8:28 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) §93 v);—spring Breishis 16:7; Breishis 24:16, Breishis 24:29, Breishis 24:30, Breishis 24:42, Breishis 24:45 (all J) Breishis 49:22 (poem in J), Shmuel Alef 29:1; עֵין הַמַּיִם Breishis 16:7; Breishis 24:13, Breishis 24:43, compare Shemos 15:27 Bamidbar 33:9; נַחֲלֵי מַיִם ע׳ וּתְהֹמֹת Devarim 8:7; מֵימֵי הָעֲיָנוֹת Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:3; ע׳ תְּהוֹם Mishlei 8:28 (that is of the sea); figuratively עֵין יַעֲקֹב Devarim 33:28 (poem), that is Jacob’s descendants. Particular springs are:

ע׳ חֲרֹד Shoftim 7:1 (on location compare G.F. Moore).

ע׳ הַקּוֹרֵא (partridge-spring) Shoftim 15:19 (compare the same).

ע׳ רֹגֵל near Jerus. (early sanctuary Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 157, 2nd ed. 172}) Shmuel Beis 17:17 compare Melachim Alef 1:9, on border of Judah Yehoshua 15:7, and Benj. Yehoshua 18:16.

ע׳ הַתַּנִּין (dragonspring) Nechemia 2:13 (= c.? so Robertson Smith^l.c.).—On שַׁעַר הָעַיִן Nechemia 2:14; Nechemia 3:15; Nechemia 12:37 see שַׁעַר.

עַ֫יִן³

proper name (place)

לָעָ֑יִן, on NE. border of Can. Bamidbar 34:11, Septuagint ἐπὶ πηγάς.

in Negeb of Judah Yehoshua 15:32 (+ וְרִמּוֹן), Levit. city Yehoshua 21:16 (but SeptuagintB Ασα read עָשָׁן, as Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:44), appar. =

Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:7 (+ ר׳; assigned to Simeon), וָע׳ ר׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:32 (read probably וְעֵין ר׳); probably mod. Umm er-Ramāmīn, c. 18 mils SW. from Hebron, Buhl^Geogr.183.—Vid. עֵין רִמּוֹן.

עֵין גֶּ֫דִי

proper name (place) Ενγαδδει, etc.; Yehoshua 15:62: מְצָדֹת עֵין גֶּדִ֑י Shmuel Alef 24:1, מִדְבַּר ע׳ Shmuel Alef 24:2, כַּרְמֵי ע׳ Shir HaShirim 1:14; ע׳ = חַצְצוֹן תָּמָר (q.see) according to Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:2; עֵין גֶּ֨דִי֨ Yechezkel 47:10; mod. ʿAin ǧidî, on W. shore of Dead Sea, G.A. Smith^{Geogr. 269 f., 512} Buhl^{Geogr. 41, 164 f.}

עֵין גַּנִּים

proper name (place)

in the Shephelah of Judah Yehoshua 15:34, perhaps Umm-ǧîna, c. 1 mile S. of W. from Bethshemesh ClGann Buhl^{Geogr. 194 f.}.

in Issachar 19:21 (A Ηνγαννιμ), Levit. city 21:29 (πηγὴν γραμμάτων); hence by textual error עָנֵם Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:58; Ǧennin, near SE. end of plain of Jezreel, c. 15 m. NNE. from Samaria, Buhl^{Geogr. 202}

עֵין מִשְׁפָּט

proper name (place) Breishis 14:7 = (בַּרְנֵעַ) קָדֵשׁ q.see (Septuagint τὴν πηγὴν τὴν κρίσεως; on signif. of name compare Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 165, 2nd ed. 181}).

עֵין תַּפּוּחַ

proper name (place) see iii. תַּפּוּחַ under נפח.

עֵינַ֫יִם

proper name (place) (on form see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 88 c);—Breishis 38:14, Breishis 38:21, Αιναν = following.

עֵינָם

proper name (place) in the Shephelah of Judah, הָע׳ Yehoshua 15:34 (Μαιανει, A SeptuagintL Ηναειμ) = עֵינַיִם.

עֵינָן

proper name (masc.) Αιναν, name in Naphtali Bamidbar 1:15; Bamidbar 2:29; Bamidbar 7:78, Bamidbar 7:83; Bamidbar 10:27.—Vid. also חֲצַר עֵינוֹן.

עֵינוֹן

see חֲצַר עֵינוֹן.

עִיף

= II. עוּף q.see for עֵיפָה, עֵיפַי etc.

עִיף²

verb be faint (compare Syriac ܥܳܦ 3, Payne Smith (Syriac Thesaurus)²⁸³⁵; ‖ form of יעף q.see; occurrences doubtful);—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular עָֽיְפָה נַפְשִׁי לְ Yirmiya 4:31 (? read עֲיֵפָה); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיָּ֫עַף Shoftim 4:21 (< וְיָעֵף G.F. Moore Budde), Shmuel Alef 14:28 (del. Wellhausen Budde Kittel Löhr, emend. H.P. Smith), v Shmuel Alef 14:31 (read וַיִּעַף [√ יעף] Buhl H.P. Smith), Shmuel Beis 21:15 (corrupt, H.P. Smith; for Philist. name Wellhausen Driver Budde Kittel).

עָיֵף

adjective faint, weary;—ע׳ absolute Breishis 25:29 +; f. עֲיֵפָה Yirmiya 31:25 +; plural עֲיֵפִים Shoftim 8:4 +;—from exertion and hunger Breishis 25:29, Breishis 25:30, Shoftim 8:4, Shoftim 8:5; Devarim 25:18 (+ יָגֵעַ), compare Yeshaya 5:27, הָנִיחוּ לֶע׳ Yeshaya 28:12 (figuratively), Shmuel Beis 16:14 (si vera l., proper name (place) needed, compare Wellhausen Driver H.P. Smith); + רָעֵב, צָמֵא Shmuel Beis 17:29; specif. from thirst Yeshaya 29:8 (simile), Iyov 22:7, נֶפֶשׁ ע׳ Mishlei 25:25 and (figuratively) Yirmiya 31:25 (‖ דָּֽאֲבָה); hence אֶרֶץ צִיָּה וְעָיֵף Tehillim 63:2 (figuratively, on masculine see Konig^{Synt.§ 334 f.}), compare Tehillim 143:6 (simile), Yeshaya 32:2 (opposite צֵל, in simile); ע׳ sc. beast Yeshaya 46:1.—Vid. also foregoing.

עִיר²

see under I. עור.

עִיר³

noun (fem.) Breishis 10:12 (Albrecht^{journal ZAW xvi. 49 f.}) city, town (√ unkn.; Mishnaic Hebrew the same;? Phoenician ער Lidzbarski³⁴⁵; Sabean ער fortified height (compare 3) Prä^{ZMG xxvi (1872), 437}, ערן, עהרן city CIS^{iv. pp. 94, 95, 173});—ע׳ absolute Breishis 4:17 +, construct Breishis 24:10 +; הָעִ֫ירָה Melachim Alef 14:12 + 7 times; with suffix עִירִי Shmuel Beis 19:38 + 2 times, etc.; plural עָרִים Yeshaya 6:11 +, עֲיָרִים Shoftim 10:4 (textual error, or word-play, compare G.F. Moore); construct עָרֵי Breishis 19:29 +; with suffix עָרַי Zecharia 1:17, עָרֵיכֶם Yeshaya 1:7 +, etc.;—

city, town, abode of men Breishis 4:17 and often; גְּדֹלָה Breishis 10:12, +, or קְטַנָּה Koheles 9:14 (compare Breishis 19:20); especially

fortified: עָרִים בְּצֻרוֹת Shmuel Beis 20:6 +, etc., see בָּצַר, מִבְצָר; עִיר מִבְצַר־צֹר Yehoshua 19:29 fortified city (of) Tyre, ע׳ מָצוֹר Tehillim 31:22 +, etc., see מָצוֹר, מְצוּרָה under צוּר (Micha 7:12 see מָצוֹר p. 596 a); ע׳ עָז־לָנוּ Yeshaya 26:1, עָרֵי מָעוּזּוֹ Yeshaya 17:9; ע׳ דְּלָתַים וּבְרִיחַ Shmuel Alef 23:7; ע׳ חוֹמָה Vayikra 25:29, compare v Vayikra 25:30, Melachim Alef 4:13; on Hoshea 10:14 see i. עַם 2 b (Shmuel Alef 9:14 read הַשַּׁעַר Septuagint Wellhausen Driver and elsewhere).

opposite כֹּפֶר הַפְּרָוִי Shmuel Alef 6:18, עָרֵי הַפּ׳ Devarim 3:5, ע׳ הַפְּרָזוֹת Esther 9:19; disting. from dependencies חֲצֵרִים Yehoshua 13:23 + often P

עָרֶיהָ are dependent towns Yehoshua 13:17, Yirmiya 19:15.

עָרֵי הַמַּמְלָכָה Yehoshua 10:2 royal cities (that is with a king, compare Tel Am. al šarri;), so singular Shmuel Alef 27:5, opposite עָרֵי הַשָּׂדֶה v Shmuel Alef 27:5 rural towns; ע׳ הַמְּלוּכָה Shmuel Beis 12:26 (but read ע׳ הַמַּיִם Wellhausen Budde Kittel Löhr H.P. Smith, see 2 below).

עָרֵי מִסְכְּנוֹת Shemos 1:11 storage-cities, so Melachim Alef 9:19 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:6; Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:4; Divrei HaYamim Beis 17:12; for מ׳ ע׳ נַפְתָּלִי Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:4 read probably כִּנְרוֹת עַל־וגו׳ (as Melachim Alef 15:20; Be Kittel Buhl); compare ע׳ הָרֶכֶב Melachim Alef 9:19; Melachim Alef 10:26 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:6; Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:25; Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:14; ע׳ הַפָּרָשִׁים Melachim Alef 9:19 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:6.

ע׳ (הַ)מִקְלָט asylum-cities Bamidbar 35:11, Bamidbar 35:13, Bamidbar 35:14; Yehoshua 20:2, compare Bamidbar 35:25, Bamidbar 35:26, Bamidbar 35:27, Bamidbar 35:28, Bamidbar 35:32, ע׳ לְמִקְלָט v Bamidbar 35:12; ע׳ מִקְלַט הָרֹצֵחַ Yehoshua 21:13 + 4 times Yehoshua 21:21.

ע׳ (הָ)אֱלֹהִים = Jerus.: Tehillim 46:5; Tehillim 87:3, compare Tehillim 48:2, Tehillim 48:9; ע׳ י׳ Yeshaya 60:14 Tehillim 101:8; ע׳ י׳ צְבָאוֹת Tehillim 48:9.

city = inhabitants Shmuel Alef 4:13; Shmuel Alef 5:12; Yeshaya 22:2 Rus 1:19, so Shmuel Beis 20:22 (reading הָעִיר for Masoretic Text הָעָם) Septuagint Wellhausen Driver and elsewhere (compare also following).

combinations are: ע׳ רֹכְלִים Yechezkel 17:4 city of merchants; ע׳ מוֹשָׁב Tehillim 107:4, Tehillim 107:7, Tehillim 107:36 city for dwelling; especially of character or condition: †ע׳ הַצֶּדֶק Yeshaya 1:26, †ע׳ הָאֱמֶת Zecharia 8:3; †ע׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Yeshaya 48:2; Yeshaya 52:1 Nechemia 11:1, Nechemia 11:18, compare Daniel 9:24, all of Jerus.; עָרֵי קָדְשֶׁ֑ךָ Yirmiya 5:17 of Judaean cities; of foreign cities, ע׳ תְּהִלָּה Yirmiya 49:25, הַהֻלָּלָה הָע׳ Yechezkel 26:17, הָע׳ הָעַלִּיזָה Tzefania 2:15; of Jerus. also הָע׳ הַיּוֹנָה Tzefania 3:1 oppressive city, ע׳ (הַ)דָּמִים bloody city Yechezkel 22:2; Yechezkel 24:6, Yechezkel 24:9 and (of Nineveh) Nachum 3:1.

of fortress in a city especially עִיר דָּוִד Shmuel Beis 5:7, Shmuel Beis 5:9; Shmuel Beis 6:10 + often (see דָּוִד); ע׳ בֵּית הַבָּ֑עַל Melachim Beis 10:25 (crpt.; Klostermann proposes דְּבִיר for ע׳, compare Kmp Benzinger Kittel); ע׳ הַמַּיִם Shmuel Beis 12:27 (so read also v Shmuel Beis 12:26, see 1 d).

appar. fortified place, of any size, בְּכָל־עָרֵיהֶם מִמִּגְדַּל נוֹצְרִים עַד־ עִיר מִבְצָר Melachim Beis 17:9 = Melachim Beis 18:8; compare Bamidbar 13:9 (P; but on comp. of ver. see Dillmann); perhaps also ע׳ עֲמָלֵק Shmuel Alef 15:5 (H.P. Smith).—Hoshea 7:4 see I. עור Hiph.

עִיר הַהֶרֶס

see הֶרֶס.

עִיר נָחָשׁ

as proper name (masc.) see ii. נָחָשׁ.

עִיר⁴

proper name (masc.) in בְּנֵי ע׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:12, text doubtful, see Be Kau.

עַ֫יִר

noun (masc.) ^{Breishis 32:16} male ass (young and vigorous);—plural וַעְיָרִם Breishis 32:16; with suffix עִירֹה Breishis 49:11 (poem; ‖ בְּנִי אֲתֹנוֹ); construct עַיִר פֶּרֶא (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 131 c N. 2; or appos. Konig^{Synt.§ 333 s} Dillmann and elsewhere) Iyov 11:12 wild ass’s colt; plural עֲיָרִים, for riding Shoftim 10:4 (v Shoftim 10:4 b see ii. עִיר), עֲיָרִם Shoftim 12:14, singular absolute עַיִר Zecharia 9:9; עֲיָרִים for carrying Yeshaya 30:6 Keri (Kesiv עורים), עֲיָרִם for tillage v Yeshaya 30:24.

עִירָא

proper name (masc.) (see Sabean proper name (masc.) עיר Hal¹⁶⁹);—

כֹּהֵן (q.see 1) of David Shmuel Beis 20:26; on poss. ident. with 2 b see Th Klostermann H.P. Smith, opposite Wellhausen Driver; Ειρας, SeptuagintL Ιωδαε.

heroes of David (Ειρας, etc., SeptuagintL Ιδαε, Οιαδ, etc.):

Shmuel Beis 23:26 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:28; Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:9.

Shmuel Beis 23:38 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:40.

עִירָד

proper name (masc.) a Cainite Breishis 4:18^(×2) Γαιδαδ.

עִירוּ

proper name (masc.) in Judah Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:15, Ηρ(α).

עִירָם

proper name (masc.) in Edom Breishis 36:43 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:54, Ζαφω(ε)ιν (A Gn Ηραμ).

עֵירֹם²

see II. עור.

עַ֫יִשׁ

noun (fem.) a constellation, perhaps Great Bear (compare especially Dillmann) (point perhaps עִיֻּשׁ (see Budde and reff.), compare Syriac ܥܺܝܽܘܬܳܐ Payne Smith (Syriac Thesaurus)²⁸⁶⁶, ܥܝܽܘܬܳܐ Brockelmann., name of a star);—וְע׳ עַל־בָּנֶיהָ Iyov 38:32 = עָשׁ Iyov 9:9 (both + כִּימָה, כְּסִיל etc.).

עַכְבּוֹר

proper name (masc.) (mouse, compare עַכְבָּר, see Gray^{Prop. N. 93}; עכבר OH and Phoenician as proper name Lidzbarski ³⁴⁰ (compare also on simil. Lat. proper name Cl-Gann^{JAs 1883, Fev.–Mar. 128}));—Septuagint Αχοβωρ:

Edomite Breishis 36:38, Breishis 36:39 = עַכְבֹּר Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:49 (Baer Ginsb).

courtier of Josiah Melachim Beis 22:12, Melachim Beis 22:14, perhaps also Yirmiya 26:22; Yirmiya 36:12 (compare Giesebrecht and Ency. Bib.).

עַכָּבִישׁ

noun (masc.) spider (Targum עַכּוּבִיתָא, עַכָּבִיתָא; whence Arabic عَنْكَبُوتٌ as loan-wd.; Mishnaic Hebrew עַכְשׁוּב probably tarantula, according to Levy^{NHWB iii. 648});—בֵּית ע׳ Iyov 8:14 that is web, so probably Iyov 27:18 (reading ע׳ for Masoretic Text עָשׁ); compare קוּרֵי ע׳ Yeshaya 59:5 filaments of a spider.

עַכּוֹ

proper name (place) Ακχω, Acco, in Asher, Ju Yeshaya 1:31, + Yehoshua 19:30, reading ע׳ for Masoretic Text עֻמָּה, Dillmann Kau Benn Ency. Bib., after Septuagint Codd.; a seaport N. of Carmel (= Acre, Ptolemais), mod. ʿAkka, compare Buhl^{Geogr. 228} (Egyptian ʿA-ka, ’Ακη WMM^{As. u. Eur. 181}; Assyrian Akkû, Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament^Gloss, TelAm. Ak-ka).

עָכָן

proper name (masc.) man of Judah;—Yehoshua 7:1, v Yehoshua 7:18, Yehoshua 7:19, Yehoshua 7:20, Yehoshua 7:24, Yehoshua 22:20; = עָכָר Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:7 (from עָבוֹר Yehoshua 7:26, see also עָכָר); Αχαρ, Αχαν.

עַכְסָה

proper namef. daughter of Caleb Yehoshua 15:16, Yehoshua 15:17 = Shoftim 1:12, Shoftim 1:13; Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:49, Ασχα, Αχσα, Αζα, Οξα.

עָכַר

verb stir up, disturb, trouble (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, make turbid; Arabic عَكِرَ be turbid);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ע׳ Shmuel Alef 14:29; 2nd masculine singular with suffix עֲכַרְתָּ֔נִי Yehoshua 7:25, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix יַעְכָּרְךָ v Yehoshua 7:25; participle (בינוני) עֹכֵר Melachim Alef 18:17 + 3 times, עוֹכֵר Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:7; plural with suffix עֹכְרָ֑י Shoftim 11:35;—disturb, trouble, with a direct object person Breishis 34:30, Yehoshua 6:18; Yehoshua 7:25^(×2) (all v Yehoshua 7:25 subj. י׳), Shoftim 11:35; compare Mishlei 11:17 (opposite גֹּמֵל), v Mishlei 11:29; Mishlei 15:27 (opposite חָיָה); ע׳ יִשְׂרָאֵל Melachim Alef 18:17, Melachim Alef 18:18; Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:7 (compare Yehoshua 6:18 etc., above); ע׳ אֶת־הָאָרֶץ Shmuel Alef 14:29.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular וּכְאֵבִי נֶעְכָּ֑ר Tehillim 39:3 my pain was stirred up; participle (בינוני) f. נֶעְכָּ֑רֶת Mishlei 15:6 usually as n. abstr. disturbance, calamity, but < read וּתְבוּאַת רָשָׁע נִכְרָ֑ת[ה] the income of the wicked is cut off (Toy).

עָכוֹר

n.[m.] disturbance, trouble, only in עֵמֶק ע׳ valley of trouble, W. or SW. from Jericho Yehoshua 7:24, Yehoshua 7:26 (name explained), on border of Judah Yehoshua 15:7, compare Hoshea 2:17; Yeshaya 65:10; on identif. compare especially Dillmann Yehoshua 7:24 Buhl^{Geogr. 98}; Εμεκαχωρ, φάραγξ (or κοίλας) Αχωρ.

עָכָר

proper name (masc.) see עָכָן.

עָכְרָן

proper name (masc.) name in Asher Bamidbar 1:13; Bamidbar 2:27; Bamidbar 7:72, Bamidbar 7:77; Bamidbar 10:26; Εχραν.

עַכְשׁוּב

noun (masc.) usually asp, viper (so Septuagint Vulgate; perhaps conject. from sense and ‖ נָחָשׁ), but perhaps = (? crpt. for) עַכָּבִישׁ spider (q.see; compare Targum^{ad location});—חֲמַת ע׳ Tehillim 140:4 a viper’s (? spider’s) venom is under their lips (see especially Cheyne and reff.).

עַל

עֹל

see III. עלל.

עֻלָּא

proper name (masc.) in Asher Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:39, Ωλα.

עָלָה

verb go up, ascend, climb (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Mesha Inscription ^{33 (?)}; Phoenician עלה; Assyrian elû; Arabic عَلَا; Targum and Syriac in der. species; compare perhaps Ethiopic ለዐለ: (for ለዐዐለ: ዐልዐለ: Dillmann ⁵⁴); Sabean עלי = عَلَّى D.H. Müller^{ZMG xxxvii. 415}, compare עלוהו = عُلْوَهُ Sab Denkm ⁹¹);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ע׳ Breishis 19:15 +; 3rd feminine singular עָֽלְתָה Breishis 40:10 +; עָלָ֑תָה Yirmiya 14:2 Shmuel Alef 1:22; 2nd masculine singular עָלִיתָ Breishis 49:4 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַעֲלֶה Breishis 2:6 +, יַ֫עַל Breishis 44:33 +, וַיַּעַל Breishis 13:1 +; with suffix יַעֲלֶנָּה Yeshaya 35:9, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute עָלֹה Breishis 46:4 + 2 times; construct עֲלוֹת Breishis 32:25 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) עֲלֵה Breishis 35:1 +; fs. עֲלִי Bamidbar 21:17 +, plural עֲלוּ Breishis 44:17 +; participle (בינוני) עֹלֶה Breishis 38:13 +; עוֹלֶה Yeshaya 24:18 +, plural עֹלִים Breishis 28:12 +, etc.;—

of persons, go up, ascend, in local relations:

from low place to high, c. מִן, מִמִּצְרַיִם Breishis 45:25 + 6 times; מארץ מצרים Shemos 13:18 + 3 times; †מִבָּבֶל Ezra 7:6; Ezra 8:1; מִן הירדן Yehoshua 4:16, Yehoshua 4:17, Yehoshua 4:19; ם(ן־ה)מדבר Shir HaShirim 3:6; Shir HaShirim 8:5 etc.

out of a place, c. מִן, מִן הארץ Shmuel Alef 28:13; מֵהַבְּאֵר Shmuel Beis 17:21; הַפַּחַת (תּוֹךְ)םִ Yeshaya 24:18 Yirmiya 48:44.

with a direct object of place whither: a city ביתאל Breishis 35:1, Breishis 35:3; באר שׁבע Breishis 26:23; a mountain ההר Bamidbar 13:17 Devarim 1:24 +, etc.; a bed Breishis 49:4^(×2) Melachim Beis 1:4, Melachim Beis 1:16, gate Rus 4:1; (הַ)שָּׁיִם Devarim 30:12; Melachim Beis 2:11 Amos 9:2 + 4 times; c. אֶל־, אל (ה)הר Shemos 19:23; Shemos 34:2, Shemos 34:4 Shemos 24:15, Shemos 24:18 + 5 times P; אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם Devarim 17:8, אל ירושׁלם Ezra 7:7; Yeshaya 2:3 = Micha 4:2 (אל הר), with a direct object location + אֶל־י׳ (see 2 b) Yirmiya 31:6, of going up to Jerusalem (from a distance), etc.; c. לְ to, לירושׁלם Ezra 1:3 (from Babylon); לבית Shmuel Alef 25:35, etc.; c. עַד unto, עד־נחל Bamidbar 32:9; †c. בְּ, בְּאַחַת עָרֵי Shmuel Beis 2:1 (construct praegn.); בְּבעל פְּרָצִים Divrei HaYamim Alef 14:11, בָּהָר Devarim 5:5; בְּגֹרָלִי Shoftim 1:3.

to sacred places, Shemos 34:24, with a direct object †בית יהוה, from palace Melachim Beis 19:14; Melachim Beis 20:5, Melachim Beis 20:8; Melachim Beis 23:2; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:20; Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:30; Yeshaya 37:14; Yeshaya 38:22 Yirmiya 26:10; במה Shmuel Alef 9:13, Shmuel Alef 9:14, Shmuel Alef 9:19; c. אֶל, אל הר האלהים Shemos 24:13; בּבית י׳ Shmuel Alef 1:7 (בּ dittogr.); בהר יהוה Tehillim 24:3.

with a direct object דֶּרֶךְ by the way to †Bamidbar 21:33 Devarim 3:1; Shoftim 8:11; Shmuel Alef 6:9; Melachim Beis 3:8; מעלה Yirmiya 48:5; חוֹמָה Yoel 2:7.

ascent, climb, c. בְּ by, a ladder Breishis 28:12, Yechezkel 40:6, Yechezkel 40:22, Yechezkel 40:49, etc.; c. עַל upon, altar by (ב) steps, of priest, Shemos 20:20 (Gi van d. H. v Shemos 20:23; E) the roof Yehoshua 2:8 Shoftim 9:51, bed Tehillim 132:3; עַל־יָדָיו on his hands Shmuel Alef 14:13; על במתי עב Yeshaya 14:14 (‖ ממעל לכוכבי אֵל), etc.

go up, in personal relations:

to meet or visit, c. אֶל person, Breishis 44:17, Breishis 44:24, Breishis 44:34; Breishis 45:9 Yehoshua 10:4, Yehoshua 10:6 (all with implication of ascent), Devarim 25:7 (to gate of city), +; c. †על person, Breishis 38:12 (+ ה location, up to Timnah); לקראת Breishis 46:29 Shoftim 6:35; Melachim Beis 1:3, Melachim Beis 1:6, Melachim Beis 1:7

go up unto (אֶל) God, on a height, אל האלהים Shemos 19:3 Shmuel Alef 10:3; אל יהוה Shemos 24:1 Shemos 19:21; Shemos 32:20 Shoftim 21:5^(×2), Shoftim 21:8 (to war); אֵלַי Shemos 24:12 Devarim 10:1; unto Deborah Shoftim 4:5.

go up, in war, c. אֶל against Bamidbar 13:31 Shoftim 1:1; Shoftim 12:3 Shmuel Alef 7:7 Yeshaya 36:10 (= על Melachim Beis 18:25) +; oftener c. על, Shmuel Alef 14:10 Shoftim 6:3; Shoftim 15:10; Shoftim 18:9; Melachim Alef 14:25 +; c. על + לַצָּבָא Yehoshua 22:12, Yehoshua 22:33; c. בְּ, Yeshaya 7:6; Yirmiya 48:18; c. לְ, Chavakuk 3:16; + למלחמה Shoftim 20:18 + 3 times; + במלחמה Shmuel Alef 29:9; וַתּעל(ה) המלחמה Melachim Alef 22:35 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:34.

go up after, c. אחרי = follow Shmuel Alef 25:13; Melachim Alef 1:35, Melachim Alef 1:40.

go up, depart, c. מֵעַל (q.see) Shmuel Alef 6:20 Breishis 17:22; Breishis 35:13 +, subj. כבוד י׳ Yechezkel 11:23, Yechezkel 11:24; = withdraw, retreat, Melachim Alef 15:19; Melachim Beis 12:19; Yirmiya 21:2, absolute Shmuel Beis 23:9, and so read ‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:13 (see Driver^Smend).

of animals, go or come up: absolute frogs Shemos 7:28 Shemos 8:2, quails Shemos 16:13; lion Yeshaya 35:9; fox Nechemia 3:25; rise up, fly up, eagle Yeshaya 40:31; Yirmiya 49:22; c. מִן, cattle out of water Breishis 41:2, Breishis 41:3, Breishis 41:18, Breishis 41:19 Shir HaShirim 4:2; Shir HaShirim 6:6, lion מִגְּאוֹן הַיַּרְדֵּן Yirmiya 49:19 = Yirmiya 50:44, מִסֻּבְּכוֹ Yirmiya 4:7, from prey Breishis 49:9; climb up into (ב) houses, locusts Yoel 2:9; frogs, on (ב) persons Shemos 7:29; c. על, of cattle, sexually Breishis 31:10, Breishis 31:12; locusts upon the land Shemos 10:12, Shemos 10:14 Yoel 1:6.

of vegetation, spring up, grow, shoot forth: trees Yeshaya 55:13^(×2) Yechezkel 47:12; קיקיון Yonah 4:6; grass Devarim 29:22; Amos 7:1; ears of grain Breishis 41:5, Breishis 41:22, also Breishis 40:10 Yeshaya 5:6; Yeshaya 32:13 compare simile Yeshaya 53:2; Hoshea 10:8; Mishlei 26:9; ע׳ כֻלּוֹ קמשׂנים Mishlei 24:31 all of it grown up with thorns, Yeshaya 34:13; figuratively קֶרֶן Daniel 8:3, Daniel 8:8.

of natural phenom. go up, rise: dew, Shemos 16:14, that is disappear; אֵד ע׳ מִן־הָאָרֶץ Breishis 2:6, cloud Melachim Alef 18:44; Yirmiya 4:13; ע׳ הַשַּׁחַר dawn, etc. Breishis 19:15 Shoftim 19:25; Shmuel Alef 9:26 +; smoke Breishis 19:28; Shemos 19:18 Shoftim 20:40 +; fire Shoftim 6:21; flame Shoftim 13:20; stench Yeshaya 34:3; Yoel 2:20; incense Yechezkel 8:11; well Bamidbar 21:17; waters Yirmiya 47:2; Nile Yirmiya 46:7, Yirmiya 46:8; Amos 8:8; Amos 9:5; c. על, of overflow Yeshaya 8:7 +.

of inanimate things (instead of passive construction), absolute, shock of grain (to גֹּרֶן) Iyov 5:26; of בָּשָׂר (covering bones in Ezek.’s vision) Yechezkel 37:8; c. על, of garments upon the body Vayikra 19:19 Yechezkel 44:17; razor on head Shoftim 13:5; Shoftim 16:17; Shmuel Alef 1:11; yoke upon oxen Bamidbar 19:2 Shmuel Alef 6:7; lot upon an animal Vayikra 16:9, Vayikra 16:10; c. בְּ, weight in balance Tehillim 62:10; entry in (ב) a book Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:24; = be offered (of sacrif.) Melachim Alef 18:29; Melachim Beis 3:20; Yeshaya 60:7; אֲרוּכָה (q.see) in healing, Yirmiya 8:22, figuratively Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:13; Nechemia 4:1.

of thoughts, ע׳ על לב Melachim Beis 12:5; Yeshaya 65:17 + 5 times; ע׳ על לבב Yirmiya 51:50; Yechezkel 38:10; ע׳ אל לב Yechezkel 14:7; ע׳ על רוּחַ Yechezkel 20:32; of anger Shmuel Beis 11:20; Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:16 (ב person) + 3 times; temper Koheles 10:4 (עָלֶיךָ).

come up before God, arrogance, בְּאָזְנָיו Melachim Beis 19:28 = Yeshaya 37:29; cry, אֶל־א׳ Shemos 2:23, with a direct object Shmuel Alef 5:12, absolute Yirmiya 14:2; tumult Tehillim 74:23; of evil Yonah 1:2 (לְפָנַי).

go up, extend, of boundary, c. מִן whence, + direct object, אֶל, לְ and even בְ whither Yehoshua 15:3, Yehoshua 15:6, Yehoshua 15:8; Yehoshua 18:12^(×2) + (all P).

excel: thou excellest (עַל) them Mishlei 31:29; be superior to יעלה עליך מעלה מעלה Devarim 28:43.—עוֹלֶה Iyov 36:33 is difficult, compare commentaries, and see עַוְלָה.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נַעֲלָה Bamidbar 10:11 +; 2nd masculine singular נַעֲלֵיתָ Tehillim 97:9; future (עתיד) יֵעָלֶה Shemos 40:37, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct הֵעָלוֹת Bamidbar 9:17 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) mpl. הֵעָלוּ Bamidbar 16:24;—

be brought up: מבבל לירושׁלם Ezra 1:11.

be taken up, וַתֵּעֲלוּ על שׂפת לשׁון Yechezkel 36:3 (Konig^{i 553}; talked about).

(1) passive, be taken up, away, of (pillar of) cloud, followed by מֵעַל of tabern. Shemos 40:36; Bamidbar 9:17; Bamidbar 10:11; absolute Shemos 40:37^(×2); Bamidbar 9:21^(×2), Bamidbar 9:22; of the glory from upon the cherubim Yechezkel 9:3; (2) reflex., take oneself away from, get up from: מִסָּבִיב Bamidbar 16:24; מֵעַל v Bamidbar 16:27; of a besieging army Yirmiya 37:5, Yirmiya 37:11.

reflex.: take oneself away מאחרי person, from following after, Shmuel Beis 2:27.

be exalted, of God Tehillim 47:10; c. על, over all gods Tehillim 97:9.

past (עבר) הֶעֱלָה Bamidbar 8:3 +, הֵעֲלָה Chavakuk 1:15 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 63 p); with suffix הֶעֶלְךָ Nechemia 9:18, הֶעֱלָנוּ Shemos 32:1 + 2 times; 3rd feminine singular וְהַעַלְתָה Shmuel Alef 2:19 consec.; with suffix הֶעֱלָ֫תַם Yehoshua 2:6; 2nd masculine singular הֶעֱלִיתָ Shemos 33:1 +; וְהַעֲלִיתָ Devarim 27:6 +; הֶעֱלֵיתָ Shemos 32:7; וְהַעֲלֵיתָ consec Shemos 40:4; 1 p. הֶעֱלִיתִי Amos 2:10; 2nd masculine plural with suffix הֶעֱלִיתֻנוּ Bamidbar 20:5; Bamidbar 21:5, etc.; future (עתיד) יַעֲלֶה Vayikra 17:8 +; וְיַ֫עַל Shmuel Beis 24:22; וַיַּעֲלֶה Yirmiya 10:13; וַיַּ֫עַל Breishis 8:20 +, with suffix יַעְלֵם Devarim 28:61, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַעֲלֵה Yechezkel 23:46; construct הַעֲלוֹת Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:31 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) הַ֫עַל Shemos 33:12 + 2 times; fs. הַעֲלִי Shmuel Alef 28:8, Shmuel Alef 28:11 +, etc.; participle (בינוני) מַעֲלֶה Shmuel Alef 7:10 +; construct מַעֲלֵה Vayikra 11:4 +; with suffix מַעַלְךָ Devarim 20:1 Tehillim 81:11; f. מַעֲלָה Vayikra 11:26; construct מַעֲלַת Vayikra 11:3, Vayikra 11:6; Devarim 14:6, etc.;—

bring up persons:

from a place, c. מִן: מִן הַסָּ֑לַע Shoftim 15:13; מִמִּצְרַיִם Shemos 17:3 + 3 times E, + 8 times; מארץ מצרים Shemos 32:1 + 5 times J, + Vayikra 11:45, Devarim 20:1; Yehoshua 24:17, + 13 times; מארץ צפון Yirmiya 16:15 = Yirmiya 23:8.

(1) out of a place, c. כן: †םִ(ן הַ)בּוֹר Breishis 37:28 Tehillim 40:3 Yirmiya 38:10; Yirmiya 38:13; משּׁחת Yonah 2:7; מקּברות Yechezkel 37:12, Yechezkel 37:13; מן־שׁאול Tehillim 30:4, etc.; (2) c. בְּ by means of, בְּחֶרְמִי Yechezkel 32:3 (Chavakuk 1:15 see 3 below).

with a direct object of place whither, Bamidbar 20:25 Bamidbar 22:41 Yehoshua 2:6; Yehoshua 7:24 Ezra 4:2; השׁמים Melachim Beis 2:1; c. אֶל: אֶל־הָעֲלִיָּה Melachim Alef 17:19; c. לְ: לבית Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:11.

cause to ascend, climb: על המרכבה Melachim Alef 20:33 (אֶל Melachim Beis 10:15 probably error), על־המגדלות Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:5 (Vulgate built towers thereon, that is ע׳ עָלָיו); מֵעַל לחומה Nechemia 12:31 vid. עַל IV 2 e.

in personal relations:

bring up, c. אל, Shmuel Alef 19:15 Melachim Beis 10:15; Melachim Beis 25:6; Yirmiya 39:5; Yirmiya 52:9; c. לְ, Shmuel Alef 28:8, Shmuel Alef 28:11^(×2).

in war, c. עַל against Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:17; Yirmiya 50:9; Yechezkel 16:40; Yechezkel 23:46; Yechezkel 26:3.

take away (from life) Tehillim 102:25 Iyov 36:20.

bring up animals, c. על, frogs על הארץ Shemos 8:1, Shemos 8:3; bring up horses to a charge Yirmiya 51:27, compare Nachum 3:3; draw up men, under figuratively of fish (בְּחַכָּה) Chavakuk 1:15; train, young lion Yechezkel 19:3; of cattle, מעלה גֵרָה, that is chewing the cud Vayikra 11:3, Vayikra 11:4^(×2), Vayikra 11:5, Vayikra 11:6, Vayikra 11:26 Devarim 14:6, Devarim 14:7^(×2)

cause to ascend: with a direct object rei, smoke מן העיר Shoftim 20:38; stench באף Amos 4:10, etc.; bring waters upon, על Yeshaya 8:7; bring up from (מן location) Shmuel Beis 6:2, Shmuel Beis 6:12; Melachim Alef 8:1; Breishis 50:25, +; c. אֶל location, Shoftim 16:3; Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:3, Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:12, with a direct object location Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:15; c. אל person Shmuel Alef 6:21; c. לְ person Shoftim 16:8; Shmuel Alef 2:19; c. על, bring sickness upon Devarim 28:61; †הע׳ עפר על ראשׁ throw dust on the head Yehoshua 7:6; Eicha 2:10; Yechezkel 27:30; clothe sackcloth upon Amos 8:10; flesh upon Yechezkel 37:6; put ornaments on Shmuel Beis 1:24; compare also Melachim Alef 10:16, Melachim Alef 10:17 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:15, Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:16; Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:5, Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:14; הע׳ נֵר light lamp (make flame go up; Gesenius' Thesaurus; and elsewhere of raising lamp upon the lamp-stand) Shemos 25:37; Shemos 27:20 + 6 times P; bring up new flesh (heal; see אֲרוּכָה Yirmiya 30:17; Yirmiya 33:6.

mentally: הע׳ גִּלּוּלִים על לב Yechezkel 14:3, אל לב v Yechezkel 14:7, that is make object of thought; rouse, stir up, with a direct object אַף, anger Mishlei 15:1, compare Yechezkel 24:8.

הע׳ מנחה ל׳ Melachim Beis 17:4 offer a present; bring up tithe to (ל) Nechemia 10:39; הע׳מַם raise a levy Melachim Alef 5:27; Melachim Alef 9:15, למם v Melachim Alef 9:21 Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:8.

exalt: Tehillim 137:6 if I exalt not Jerus. above (עַל) my chief joy; אנכי אַעַלְךָ גם־(מ)עלה Breishis 46:4 I will exalt thee exceedingly (cf; Qal 10; מ lost in Masoretic Text, after ם; Dillmann and most bring up).

cause to ascend (in flame; Gesenius' Thesaurus and elsewhere to go up on altar), offer sacrifice, usually עֹלָה, either alone or following by other sacrif.: העלה עלות Shemos 24:5 Shemos 32:6 Vayikra 17:8 Devarim 12:13, Devarim 12:14 + (see עֹלָה); seldom: †קטרת Shemos 30:9, compare Tehillim 66:15; †מנחה Yeshaya 57:6; Yeshaya 66:3, also probably Melachim Alef 18:29, Melachim Alef 18:36; Melachim Beis 3:20 (> Qal); פר(ים) Bamidbar 23:2, Bamidbar 23:4, Bamidbar 23:14, Bamidbar 23:30 Tehillim 51:21; הטוב בעיניו Shmuel Beis 24:22; הע׳ ליהוה Shoftim 13:16; absolute Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:13; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:29; †הע׳ לעולה Breishis 22:2, Breishis 22:13; with a direct object location מַעֲלֶה בָמָה Yirmiya 48:35; מזבח(ה) Vayikra 14:20 Yeshaya 60:7 (> Qal); c. לְ location Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:27; c. בְּ location Breishis 8:20 Bamidbar 23:2, Bamidbar 23:4, Bamidbar 23:14, Bamidbar 23:30; עַל־הַחֹמָה Melachim Beis 3:27; usually על location, על הַצּוּר Shoftim 13:19, הע׳ על מזבח 1 K Melachim Alef 12:32, Melachim Alef 12:33^(×2); Melachim Beis 16:12; Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:6; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:21; Shmuel Alef 2:28, פרים על מזבח Tehillim 51:21; elsewhere הע׳ עלות על מזבח Shemos 40:29 Yehoshua 22:23; Melachim Alef 3:4; Melachim Alef 9:25; Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:6; Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:16; Ezra 3:2; Yechezkel 43:18, הע׳ עלות ליהוה על מז׳ Devarim 27:6;Yehoshua 8:31; Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:40; Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:12; Ezra 3:3.

past (עבר);—

be carried away, 3rd feminine singular הֹעֲלָ֑תָה Nachum 2:8.

be taken up into, inserted in 3rd masculine singular הֹעֲלָה Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:34 (על ספר) (passive of Qal 6).

3rd masculine singular be offered, of פר Shoftim 6:28 (על המזבח).

lift oneself: future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular אֶל־יִתְעַל Yirmiya 51:3 against (him that) lifts himself, but corrupt; either read אַל־, let him not, etc. (Peshitta Targum Vulgate Hitzig Graf Giesebrecht Rothst), or del. אל (Septuagint Co^Haupt).

עָלֶה

noun (masc.) leaf, leafage (see עלה Qal 4);—ע׳ Vayikra 26:36 +; construct עֲלֵה Breishis 3:7; Breishis 8:11; with suffix עָלֵהוּ Yirmiya 17:8 +; plural construct עֲלֵי Nechemia 8:15 +; with suffix עָלֶהָ Yeshaya 1:30;—leaf, leafage, of various trees Breishis 3:7; Breishis 8:11; Nechemia 8:15^(×5); green Yirmiya 17:8, flourishing Mishlei 11:28; but usually fading Yeshaya 1:30; Yeshaya 34:4; Yeshaya 64:5; Yirmiya 8:13; Yechezkel 47:12 Tehillim 1:3; driven leaf Vayikra 26:36; Iyov 13:25; עלה לִתְרוּפָה leaf for healing Yechezkel 47:12.

עֵלִי

proper name (masc.) Eli, priest at Shiloh Shmuel Alef 1:3 (+ v Shmuel Alef 1:3 Septuagint Th Klostermann H.P. Smith), v Shmuel Alef 1:9, Shmuel Alef 1:12 + 28 times Shmuel Alef 1:1-4 + Shmuel Alef 14:3 Melachim Alef 2:27; Ηλει.

עֹלָה

noun (fem.) whole burnt-offering (that which goes up (√ 6) to heaven (and elsewhere on altar));—ע׳ Breishis 22:3 + 141 times; עוֹלָה Bamidbar 28:27 + 33 times; construct עֹלַת Shemos 29:42 + 27 times, עוֹלַת Bamidbar 28:24 + 2 times; with suffix עוֹלָֽתְךָ Tehillim 20:4, etc.; plural עֹלוֹת Yehoshua 8:31 + 42 times, עֹלֹת Breishis 8:20 + 3 times; עוֹלֹת Devarim 27:6, עוֹלוֹת Amos 5:22 +; with suffix עֹלוֹתֵיכֶם Yirmiya 6:20 +, etc.;—the whole burnt-offering (beast or fowl) is entirely consumed and goes up in the flame of the altar to God expressing the ascent of the soul in worship. All of the victim is laid on the altar except the hide and such parts as could not be washed clean. If beast the ע׳ must be a male without blemish Vayikra 1:3, Vayikra 1:10; Vayikra 22:18, Vayikra 22:19, of herd or flock; if of flock, either sheep or goat; if fowl, either turtledove or young pigeon Vayikra 1:14, the latter usually offered by the poor †Vayikra 5:7; Vayikra 12:8; Vayikra 14:22; Vayikra 15:14, Vayikra 15:15, Vayikra 15:29, Vayikra 15:30; Bamidbar 6:10, Bamidbar 6:11. A lamb was offered by individuals Vayikra 12:6; Bamidbar 6:14, and by the nation at the עֹמֶר offering Vayikra 23:12, and daily at the עֹלַת הַבֹּקֶר Vayikra 9:17; Bamidbar 28:23; Melachim Beis 16:15; Yechezkel 46:13, and at morning and evening עלה תמיד Bamidbar 28:3, †עֹלַת (הַ)תָּמִיד Shemos 29:42; Bamidbar 28:6, Bamidbar 28:10, Bamidbar 28:15, Bamidbar 28:23, Bamidbar 28:24, Bamidbar 28:31; Bamidbar 29:6, Bamidbar 29:11, Bamidbar 29:16, Bamidbar 29:19, Bamidbar 29:22, Bamidbar 29:25, Bamidbar 29:28, Bamidbar 29:31, Bamidbar 29:34, Bamidbar 29:38; Ezra 3:5; Nechemia 10:34; Yechezkel 46:15. These were doubled at the עֹלַת שַׁבָּת Bamidbar 28:10. A ram was offered by Aaron and his sons †Shemos 29:18; Vayikra 8:18; Vayikra 9:2; Vayikra 16:3, Vayikra 16:5; but a young bullock was of greater value Bamidbar 15:8, Bamidbar 15:24; Shmuel Beis 24:22 Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:23, at consecration of Levites Bamidbar 8:12, so calves Micha 6:6; on great occasions bullocks + rams Bamidbar 23:1-6, Bamidbar 23:14, Bamidbar 23:15, bullocks + rams + lambs Yeshaya 1:11; one of each kind offered by tribal chiefs Bamidbar 7:15, Bamidbar 7:21, Bamidbar 7:27, Bamidbar 7:33, Bamidbar 7:39, Bamidbar 7:45, Bamidbar 7:51, Bamidbar 7:57, Bamidbar 7:63, Bamidbar 7:69, Bamidbar 7:75, Bamidbar 7:81, Bamidbar 7:87. In ritual of עֹלַת (ה)חֹדֶשׁ Bamidbar 28:14; Bamidbar 29:6 and at מצּות and Pentecost 2 bullocks, 1 ram, and 7 lambs were added to daily offering Bamidbar 28:11, Bamidbar 28:19, Bamidbar 28:27; at offering of new bread at Pentecost 1 bullock, 2 rams, and 7 lambs Vayikra 23:18; on the 1st and 10th of the 7th month and at עצרת 1 bullock, 1 ram, and 7 lambs, in addition to the offerings of new moon Bamidbar 29:2, Bamidbar 29:8, Bamidbar 29:36; the system culminated in 70 bullocks, 14 rams, 98 lambs for the 7 days of Tabernacles Bamidbar 29:13 According to Ezek. the prince was to offer on each of 7 days of מצות 7 bullocks and 7 rams Yechezkel 45:23, and on Sabbath 6 lambs and 1 ram Yechezkel 46:4. At the reconsecration of temple 70 bullocks, 100 rams, and 200 lambs were offered Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:32, and at the return of exiles 12 bullocks, 96 rams, and 77 lambs Ezra 8:35. In early times whole burnt-offerings of children were sometimes made, for example Jephthah’s daughter Shoftim 11:31, Isaac proposed as, Breishis 22:2 but ram substituted v Breishis 22:13; made to other gods Melachim Beis 3:27; Yirmiya 19:5 +. The ע׳ was anciently made on any altar used for worship, but in P confined to †מִזְבַּח הָעֹלָה Shemos 30:28; Shemos 31:9; Shemos 35:16; Shemos 38:1; Shemos 40:6, Shemos 40:10, Shemos 40:29; Vayikra 4:7, Vayikra 4:10, Vayikra 4:18, Vayikra 4:25^(×2), Vayikra 4:30, Vayikra 4:34; Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:34; Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:40; Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:26, Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:29; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:18 (not in other literally); מזבח לעלה Yehoshua 22:29; Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:1. The offerer imposed his hands on head of animal, then slaughtered it Vayikra 1:4, Vayikra 1:5; †שׁחט ע׳ Vayikra 4:24, Vayikra 4:33; Vayikra 6:8; Vayikra 7:2; Vayikra 9:12; Vayikra 9:14;Vayikra 14:13, Vayikra 14:19, Vayikra 14:31; Yechezkel 40:39, Yechezkel 40:42; Yechezkel 44:11, and flayed it †הִפְשִׁיט ע׳ Vayikra 1:6 Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:34. The priest washed the pieces Yechezkel 40:38; arranged them on the altar above the wood Vayikra 6:5; the fire devoured them v Vayikra 6:2-6; Vayikra 9:24; Melachim Alef 18:38; Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:1, they went up in the flame ריח ניחח ליהוה (ל) Vayikra 1:9, Vayikra 1:13, Vayikra 1:17; Vayikra 8:21 Bamidbar 28:13; לְרָצוֹן, according to character of offerer is Yeshaya 56:7; Yirmiya 6:20; see also Tehillim 20:4; Tehillim 40:7; Tehillim 51:18; Shmuel Alef 15:22. Phrases: †העלה ע׳ Breishis 8:20 Shemos 32:6 Shemos 24:5 Shemos 30:9; Shemos 40:29; Vayikra 14:20; Vayikra 17:8 Devarim 12:13, Devarim 12:14; Devarim 27:6; Yehoshua 8:31; Yehoshua 22:23; Shoftim 6:26; Shoftim 20:26; Shoftim 21:4; Shmuel Alef 6:14, Shmuel Alef 6:15; Shmuel Alef 7:9, Shmuel Alef 7:10; Shmuel Alef 10:8; Shmuel Alef 13:9, Shmuel Alef 13:10, Shmuel Alef 13:12; Shmuel Beis 6:17, Shmuel Beis 6:18; Shmuel Beis 24:24, Shmuel Beis 24:25; Melachim Alef 3:4, Melachim Alef 3:15; Melachim Alef 9:25; Melachim Alef 10:5; Melachim Beis 3:27; Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:2, Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:40; Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:24, Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:26; Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:31; Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:21; Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:6; Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:12; Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:4; Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:18; Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:14; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:7, Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:27; Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:14, Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:16; Ezra 3:2, Ezra 3:3, Ezra 3:6; Iyov 1:5; Iyov 42:8 Tehillim 66:15 Yirmiya 14:12; Yirmiya 33:18; Yechezkel 43:18, Yechezkel 43:24; Amos 5:22 (compare העלה 9); †זבח ע׳ Shemos 20:21; עשׂה לע׳ Vayikra 23:12; Bamidbar 6:11; Bamidbar 15:24; Bamidbar 29:39; †עָשָׂה ע׳ Vayikra 5:10; Vayikra 9:7, Vayikra 9:22; Vayikra 15:15, Vayikra 15:30; Vayikra 16:24^(×2); Bamidbar 6:16; Bamidbar 8:12; Bamidbar 15:3, Bamidbar 15:8; Bamidbar 29:2; Devarim 12:27; Shoftim 13:16; Melachim Alef 8:61; Melachim Beis 5:17; Melachim Beis 10:24, Melachim Beis 10:25; Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:7; Yechezkel 43:27; Yechezkel 45:17, Yechezkel 45:23; Yechezkel 46:2, Yechezkel 46:12^(×2), Yechezkel 46:13; †הִקְרִיב ע׳ Vayikra 7:8; Vayikra 9:16; Vayikra 10:19; Vayikra 23:37; Bamidbar 28:3, Bamidbar 28:11, Bamidbar 28:19, Bamidbar 28:27; Bamidbar 29:8, Bamidbar 29:13, Bamidbar 29:36; Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:1; Ezra 8:35; Yechezkel 46:4; הקריב לע׳ Vayikra 22:18; Bamidbar 6:14; †הביא ע׳ Devarim 12:6, Devarim 12:11; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:31, Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:32; Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:15; Yeshaya 43:23; Yirmiya 17:26; †הקטיר ע׳ Melachim Beis 16:13, Melachim Beis 16:15; Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:11.—עֹלָתָה, עוֹלוֹת see also עַוְלָה under I. עוּל.

עֹלָה²

noun (fem.) ascent, stairway, עלותו Yechezkel 40:26 Kesiv, עֹלוֹתָיו Keri; read probably מַעֲלָתוֹ (Septuagint Co Siegfried-Stade לוֹ, Toy עֹלָתוֹ).

עֶלְיוֹן

adjective

high;—ms. ע׳ Devarim 26:19; Devarim 28:1; Melachim Alef 9:8 (? reading הַבַּיִת הַזֶּה הָע׳ as SeptuagintL Benzinger) = Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:21, of י׳ Tehillim 97:9.

upper Bethhoron, ע׳ Yehoshua 16:5 העליון Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:24; Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:5, the upper (opposite lower), of house Nechemia 3:25; compare Melachim Beis 15:35; Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:20 + 5 times, + Breishis 40:17 (uppermost basket); fs. הָעֶלְיוֹנָה the upper pool Melachim Beis 18:17 = Yeshaya 36:2; Yeshaya 7:3; the highest side-chamber (צֵלָע) Yechezkel 41:7; fpl. הָעֶלְיוֹנֹת Yechezkel 42:5 the upper chambers (לְשָׁכוֹת).

of Davidic king exalted above monarchs Tehillim 89:28 (compare Devarim 28:1, above).

עֶלְיוֹן²

noun (masc.) Highest, Most High (probably = foregoing);—

name of God Bamidbar 24:16; Devarim 32:8 Tehillim 18:14 = Shmuel Beis 22:14 Tehillim 9:3; Tehillim 21:8; Tehillim 46:5; Tehillim 50:14; Tehillim 73:11; Tehillim 77:11; Tehillim 78:17; Tehillim 83:19; Tehillim 87:5; Tehillim 91:1, Tehillim 91:9; Tehillim 92:2; Tehillim 107:11; Yeshaya 14:14; Eicha 3:35, Eicha 3:38; with other divine names: אל עליון Breishis 14:18, Breishis 14:19, Breishis 14:20, Breishis 14:22 (see Dillmann) Tehillim 78:35; יהוה עליון Tehillim 7:18; Tehillim 47:3; אלהים עליון Tehillim 57:3; Tehillim 78:56.

of rulers, either monarchs or angel-princes, בְּנֵי עֶלְיוֹן = אלהים Tehillim 82:6.

עַל²

(compare Konig^{ii. 261 f.})

noun height (poet.) †Hoshea 7:16 יָשׁוּבוּ לֹא עָ֗ל they return (but) not upwards (that is not God-wards), Hoshea 11:7 וְאֶל־עַל יִקְרָאֻהוּ they (the prophets) call it (the people) upwards, (but) none striveth to rise; as adverb accus., Shmuel Beis 23:1 the man הֻ֣קַּם עָ֔ל (that) is raised up on high. With מִן, מֵעָ֑ל, †(ה)שׁמים מֵעָ֑ל (the) heavens above Breishis 27:39; Breishis 49:25 Tehillim 50:4 (opposite מִתַּחַת Shemos 20:4. In prose מִמַּעַל).

As preposition upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against (SI^4.6; Moab. Aramaic the same; Phoenician על, and עלת; Palmyrene Nabataean על; Sabean עלי, Arabic عَلَى );—abbrev. from עֲלֵי (compare אֱלֵי, עֲדֵי), which is preserved in poetry, Breishis 49:17^(×2), Breishis 49:22^(×2) Bamidbar 24:6^(×2) Devarim 32:2^(×2) Yeshaya 18:4; Yirmiya 8:18; Micha 5:6; Eicha 4:5; Melachim Alef 20:41; Keri, Iyov 7:1 Keri + 10 times ψ, 3 times Pr, 15 times Jb; with with suffix עָלַי; עָלֶיךָ, עָלַיִךְ (†Tehillim 116:7 the Aramaizing form עָלָ֑יְכִי); עָלָיו, + Shmuel Alef 2:10 עָלָו, עָלֶיהָ; 1st plural עָלֵינוּ; 2nd masculine plural עֲלֵיכֶם, + Shemos 12:13 עֲלֵכֶם, 2nd feminine plural עֲלֵיכֶן †Yechezkel 23:49; 3rd masculine plural עֲלֵיהֶם, 13 times in Pent. עֲלֵהֶם Breishis 45:15, etc. (Konig^{ii. 305}), poet. עָלֵ֫ימוֹ Devarim 22:23 + 11 times ψ, Jb (perhaps sometimes singular, Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 103 i, N.); 3rd feminine plural עֲלֵיהֶן, †Shemos 29:13 עֲלֵהֶן Shemos 29:22; Vayikra 3:4, Vayikra 3:10, Vayikra 3:16 (on the form of עֲלֵי, עָלַי, etc., see Konig^{ii. 390 ff.}, and compare under עַד).

Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed; as על־הארץ upon the earth Breishis 1:11, Breishis 1:26; Breishis 7:6, etc., Tehillim 110:6 על ארץ רבה over a wide country; על האדמה upon the ground Shemos 20:12 + often, Amos 7:12 עַל אֲדָמָה טְמֵאָה, Yeshaya 14:2 על אדמת י׳, Tehillim 137:4 עַל אַדְמַת נֵכָר (אֲדָמָה being properly ground, soil, is construed regularly with על, באדמה being very rare), more definitely על פני האדמה Breishis 6:1; Bamidbar 12:3 + often; על מקום Vayikra 14:28; Yirmiya 45:5 (uncommon: usually בְּ); Devarim 17:20; Yeshaya 9:6 עַל מַמְלַכְתּוֹ upon his realm, Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:1; עַל בָּֽתִּים very strangely Hoshea 11:11 (read וַהֲשִׁבֹתִים with Septuagint; see 7 c α β); constantly after such vbs. as נוח, ישׁב, רכב, etc., Breishis 8:4; Shemos 11:5; כתב על to write (idiomatically) on a book or other surface, Yehoshua 10:13, etc.; יצא על go forth over Breishis 41:45; Zecharia 5:3 Tehillim 81:6; with נִשְׁעַן, נִסְמַךְ, בָּטַח (figuratively), to lean or trust upon: Breishis 3:14 to go עַל גְּחֹנְךָ upon thy belly, Breishis 32:32 to limp עַל יְרֵכוֹ upon his thigh, Shmuel Alef 14:13; Yechezkel 37:10; Shoftim 15:8 to smite שׁוֹק עַל יָרֵךְ leg upon thigh, that is so that the scattered limbs fall one upon another, Amos 3:15. And with ref. not to a horizontal surface but to a side, Vayikra 1:5 + זָרַק עַל to pour against the altar, Melachim Alef 6:5, Melachim Alef 6:18 to build against the temple, Yehoshua 10:27, etc. Fig. Shemos 23:13 let it not be heard עַל פִּיךָ upon thy mouth (in out idiom, upon thy lips, as Mishlei 22:18), Tehillim 15:3 לֹא רָגַל עַל לְשֹׁנוֹ he slandereth not (that is prepares not slander) upon his tongue, Shmuel Beis 23:2 וּמִלָּתוֹ עַל לְשׁוֹנִי, Mishlei 16:23, Mishlei 16:27; Mishlei 31:26; Koheles 5:1; compare נָשָׂא עַל שְׂפָתַיִם or עַל פֶּה Tehillim 16:4; Tehillim 50:16; Yechezkel 36:3. Specially

—(a) of clothing, etc., which any one wears, Breishis 37:23 the tunic אשׁר עליו which was upon him, Yehoshua 9:5; Melachim Alef 11:30; Rus 3:15 +; Breishis 24:30; Breishis 38:30; Shmuel Beis 13:18, of a sword Shmuel Beis 20:8 Shir HaShirim 3:8; so הָיָה עַל Vayikra 16:4; Devarim 22:5; Yechezkel 44:18; Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:27; Divrei HaYamim Alef 18:7 (‖ Shmuel Beis 8:7 אֶל: see p. 41 a); compare לֹא יַעֲלֶה עָלֶיךָ Vayikra 19:19; Yechezkel 44:17, and with הֶעֱלָה, below, 7 b. (b) With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it (‘upon’ referred to a side): see גָּנַן, כָּסָה, סָכַךְ, עַטָה; Nechemia 2:8 יד אלהי הטובה עלי, compare v Nechemia 2:18 Ezra 7:6, Ezra 7:9; Ezra 8:18, Ezra 8:22, Ezra 8:31; Shemos 27:21 the veil that is over (that is before) the testimony, Shmuel Alef 25:16 חוֹמָה הָיוּ עַלֵינוּ they were a wall about us; סָגַר עַל to shut in (or down) upon Shemos 14:3; Iyov 12:14; Yechezkel 13:5; Iyov 13:27; Iyov 26:9; Iyov 36:30 he spreadeth his light עַלָיו about him.

Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him, Yeshaya 1:14 הָיוּ עַלַי לָטֹרַח they are a cumbrance upon me, Iyov 7:20 I am a burden עָלַי upon myself, Shmuel Beis 15:33 (compare with אֶל Shmuel Beis 19:36); כָּבַד עַל to be heavy upon Shemos 5:9 and elsewhere (see כָּבַד); of sin, calamity, etc. Yeshaya 53:5; Yechezkel 33:10 Tehillim 88:8; Iyov 21:9; Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:5; Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:13; Koheles 6:1; Koheles 8:6 (compare 5 a β); Vayikra 7:20 וְטֻמְאָתוֹ עָלָיו Vayikra 22:3: idiomatically, Breishis 48:7 מֵתָה עָלַי רָחֵל Rachel died upon me (that is to my sorrow), Breishis 33:13 וְהַבָּקָר עָלוֹת עָלַי are giving suck upon me (that is as a care to me), Bamidbar 11:13 יִבְכּוּ עָלַי they weep upon me (vexing me), Shoftim 14:16, Shoftim 14:17; Shoftim 19:2 (see Be), Shmuel Alef 21:16 to play the mad man upon me, Yirmiya 12:11.

Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him, as שָׂם עַל to lay upon Shemos 5:8; Shemos 21:22, Shemos 21:30 (שָׁת), Shemos 22:24, compare Breishis 47:26; Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:25; with other verbs, Iyov 38:10; Devarim 24:5; Devarim 26:6; Melachim Beis 15:20; Melachim Beis 18:14; Melachim Beis 23:33; Nechemia 10:33^(×2) Esther 1:8; Esther 9:21, Esther 9:27, Esther 9:31; with צִוָּה enjoin upon Breishis 2:16 + often, כתב prescribe to Melachim Beis 22:13 Tehillim 40:8, נטשׁ cast upon Shmuel Alef 17:20 (v Shmuel Alef 17:22 על יד), נתן על יד (figuratively) Breishis 42:37; Melachim Beis 12:12; Melachim Beis 22:5, compare Melachim Alef 14:27, עזב Tehillim 10:14, גלל Tehillim 37:5, השׁליך Tehillim 55:23, פקד Iyov 34:13 and elsewhere; Breishis 30:28 נָקְבָה שְׂכָֽרְךָ עָלַי fix thy wages upon me (name thy wages to me), Breishis 34:12 הַרְבּוּ עָלַי מְאֹד מֹהַר וּמַתָּן multiply upon me, etc., Shmuel Beis 19:39 (pregn.) whatsoever thou choosest (and layest) upon me; without a verb, Shoftim 19:20 רַק כָּל־מַחְסֹרְךָ עָלָ֑י only let all thy wants be upon me, Ezra 10:4 Tehillim 56:13 עָלַי נְדָרֶיךָ thy vows are upon me (that is I owe them: compare Bamidbar 30:7, Bamidbar 30:9, Bamidbar 30:15), Mishlei 7:14 זִבְחֵי שְׁלָמִים עָלָ֑י peace-offerings were upon me (= were due from me); perhaps Tehillim 62:1; Tehillim 77:1 (to the charge of); with an inf. Shmuel Beis 18:11 וְעָלַי לָתֵת and it would have been incumbent on me to give, etc., Melachim Alef 4:7; Ezra 10:12 (accents [Baer], Revised Version^m), Nechemia 13:13, compare Zecharia 12:2 (Ewald Revised Version margin); Bamidbar 7:9 the service of … was upon them, Yechezkel 45:17, so especially late Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:27, Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:33; Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:31; Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:3 לעולם זאת על ישׂראל, Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:15; Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:9; Ezra 7:11; Nechemia 11:23; Yeshaya 9:5 and the government is upon his shoulder (compare Yeshaya 22:22), Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:3; Tehillim 7:11 מָֽגִנִּי עַל־א׳ my shield rests upon God (he has undertaken my defence), Tehillim 62:8 על־אלהים יִשְׁעִי וּכְבֹדִי.

על is used idiomatically to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him: Tehillim 42:6 why art thou cast down, O my soul, וַתֶּהֱמִי עָלַי and disquieted upon me? v Tehillim 42:7 my soul upon me is cast down, v Tehillim 42:12 Tehillim 43:5; Eicha 3:20; Tehillim 131:2 כְּגָמֻל עֲלֵי אִמּוֹ כַּגָּמוּל עָלַי נַפְשִׁי is my soul upon me; Tehillim 142:4 בְּהִתְעַטֵּף עָלַי רוּחִי when my spirit faints upon me, Tehillim 143:4; Yonah 2:8; Yirmiya 8:18 עָלַי לִבִּי דַוָּֽי׃ my heart upon me is sick, Iyov 14:22^(×2) (compare Dillmann), Hoshea 11:8 נהפך עלי לבי my heart is turned (altered) upon me, Shmuel Alef 17:32; Shmuel Alef 25:36; Nechemia 5:7 וַיִּמָּלֵךְ לִבִּי עָלַי and my heart took counsel upon me: compare Tehillim 42:5 I will pour out my soul upon me, Iyov 30:16; Iyov 10:1 אעזבה עלי שׂיחי I will let loose my complaint upon me. (Gesenius' Thesaurus apud me, mecum. The rend. ‘within me’ alters entirely the point of view of the Hebrew expression, and is incorrect.) Denoting with some emph. the subj. of an experience, Iyov 30:2 עלימו אבד כָּ֑לַח, Daniel 2:1 his sleep נִהְיְתָה עָלָיו was done with upon him (compare Aramaic Daniel 6:19 נַדַּת עֲלוֹהִי), Daniel 10:8 וְהוֹדִי נְהְפַּךְ עָלַי (compare Daniel 5:9; Daniel 7:28): also, rather differently, Vayikra 18:18; Yirmiya 49:20 אִם לֹא יַשִּׁים עֲלֵיהֶם נְוֵהֶם, Micha 7:13 Tehillim 90:17; Tehillim 7:9 according to my perfectness upon me, Yechezkel 18:20; Yechezkel 22:3; Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:8.

חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support; compare Yeshaya 3:1, and ζῆν ἐπί τινος), Devarim 8:3 עַל־הַלֶּחֶם, Yeshaya 38:16 (compare Hitzig), Breishis 27:40 על חרבך תחיה upon (= by) thy sword thou shalt live (compare Kazwini^{ii. 17} ap. Tuch), Yechezkel 33:19, compare v Yechezkel 33:26.

Of the ground, or basis, on which a thing is done, as Breishis 24:9 על הדבר הזה, Vayikra 7:12 if he offers it עַל תּוֹדָה on the ground of a thanksgiving, Bamidbar 6:21 עַל נִזְרוֹ, v b Yechezkel 16:15; Yechezkel 28:17; Daniel 8:25 עַל שִׂכְלוֹ, Daniel 9:18 על צדקותינו (with عَلَى this use is extended so as to denote explicitly on condition of). Hence (a) the basis being conceived as regulative, על comes to denote the norm or standard (compare Germ. ‘auf die Art’; W^{AG ii. § 59 i}): the transition may be seen in a passage like Shemos 24:8 the covenant which י׳ made with you on the basis of (על), or in agreement with, all these words (compare על פי Shemos 34:27), Bamidbar 35:24 על המשׁפטים האלה, Devarim 17:11; Yirmiya 30:18 the palace shall sit (that is be inhabited: see ישׁב) עַל מִשְׁפָּטוֹ in accordance with its manner, Tehillim 94:20 who frames mischief עֲלֵי־חֹק in accordance with a law, על פי … according to the mouth (that is command, Breishis 45:21 + often, evidence Devarim 17:6; Devarim 19:15, sentence Devarim 21:5) of …; עַל שֵׁם … according to the name of … (mostly with call, be called) Breishis 48:6; Shemos 28:21; Shmuel Beis 18:18 +, compare Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:14; Shemos 6:26; Shemos 12:51 עַל צִבְאֹתָם according to their hosts (usually לְ), Bamidbar 1:18 על משׁפחתם (usually לְ), v Bamidbar 1:52 Bamidbar 2:2, Bamidbar 2:34; Bamidbar 7:3 (‖ ל), Devarim 18:8 (probably); עַל יְדֵי according to the hands (direction) of Yirmiya 5:31; Yirmiya 33:13 and elsewhere (see p. 391 b); Tehillim 110:4 עַל דִּבְרָתִי מ׳ after the manner of M.; Mishlei 25:11 (probably) a word spoken עַל אָפְנָיו in accordance with its circumstances = appositely; of the tune according to which a song is to be sung (Revised Version. set to) Tehillim 6:1 (Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:21), Tehillim 8:1; Tehillim 9:1; Tehillim 12:1; Tehillim 45:1; Tehillim 46:1 (Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:20) עַל־עֲלָמוֹת (perhaps, however, in the manner of maidens = for ‘sopranos’), Tehillim 53:1; Tehillim 56:1; Tehillim 60:1; Tehillim 69:1; Tehillim 81:1; Tehillim 84:1; Tehillim 88:1 (compare in Syriac ܥܰܠ ܩܳܠܴܐ ܕ). (b) The basis being conceived as involving the ground, על denotes the cause or reason, on account of, because of, Breishis 20:3 lo thou shalt die עַל הָאִשָּׁה on account of the woman, Breishis 21:12; Breishis 26:7, Breishis 26:9; Breishis 27:41; Breishis 42:21; Vayikra 4:3, Vayikra 4:28; Vayikra 5:18; Vayikra 19:17; Vayikra 26:18, Vayikra 26:24, Vayikra 26:28; Devarim 9:18; Devarim 24:16 fathers shall not be put to death על־בנים on account of children, Devarim 31:18; Yehoshua 9:20; Yirmiya 1:16; Yirmiya 5:9; Yechezkel 18:26 עליהם (‖ Yechezkel 33:18 בָּהֶם), Mishlei 28:21 Tehillim 39:12; Tehillim 50:8 + often; Tehillim 44:23 עָלֶיךָ הֹרַגְנוּ on thy account are we slain all the day, Tehillim 69:8; Yirmiya 15:15; in the phrases עַל דְּבַר …, עַל אוֹדוֹת, עַל זֹאת and עַל זֶה on this account, עַל מָה on what account? עַל־כֵּן = therefore (see דָּבָר, אוֹדָה, etc.); before an inf., as Shemos 17:7 וְעַל נַסּוֹתָם אֶת־י׳ and on account of their trying י׳, Amos 1:3 עַל דּוּשָׁם on account of their threshing = because they threshed, v Amos 1:6, Amos 1:9, Amos 1:11, Amos 1:13, etc., Yirmiya 2:35 עַל אָמְרֵךֶ because of thy saying, Yirmiya 9:12; Yirmiya 16:18 +; and as a conjunction both with and without אֲשֶׁר or כִּי (see below III). And so often of the ground or cause of fear, grief, delight, or other emotions, for example Shemos 18:9; Shemos 32:14 (נִחַם repent: so often), Shmuel Alef 4:13; Shmuel Alef 30:6; Shmuel Beis 1:26; Shmuel Beis 3:8; Melachim Alef 21:4; Melachim Beis 6:11; Yirmiya 10:19 Amos 6:6. (c) Somewhat more strongly, on behalf of, for the sake of, Breishis 19:17 escape על נפשׁך for thy life; Shoftim 9:17; Melachim Beis 10:3 נִלְחַם עַל (usually ל); Melachim Alef 2:18 I will speak on thy behalf to the king, v Melachim Alef 2:19 (Melachim Beis 4:13 לְ); Esther 4:16; Esther 4:8; Esther 7:7; Esther 8:11; Esther 9:16; Daniel 12:1 עמד על stand up (in late Hebrew) on behalf of; התפלל על intercede for (usually בעד) Iyov 42:8; Nechemia 1:6; Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:18; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:21 Ezra 8:35; and very often with כִּפֶּר (q.see) make atonement for. (Not very common with other verbs.) (d) Sometimes it acquires almost a final force, for; Shemos 12:4; Shemos 29:36; Shemos 30:16; Devarim 27:13 these shall stand עַל־הַקְּלָלָה (‖ v Devarim 27:12 לְבָרֵךְ), Tehillim 89:48 עַל־מַה־שָּׁוְא בָּרָאתָ כָל־בְּנֵי־אָדָם unto what vanity hast thou created, etc.! Mishlei 29:5; Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:18; Koheles 3:17. (e) Of a condition, or attendant circumstances (rare; so عَلَى, W^{AG ii. § 59 e}): Tehillim 50:5 עֲלֵי זָ֑נַח ׃ upon, with sacrifice, Tehillim 92:4 עֲלֵי עָשׂוֹר וגו׳ with a ten-stringed instr., with a harp, with sounding music on a lyre; עַל רִיב upon occasion of a lawsuit Shemos 23:2; Yechezkel 44:24, עַל יוֹם טוֹב Shmuel Alef 25:8 (compare عَلَى حِينِ at a time of … Qor 28:14), Nechemia 12:22 (? read עַד BeRy), Yeshaya 18:4 כְּחֹם צַח עֲלֵי אוֹר at time of sunshine, Yeshaya 64:11 עַל אֵלֶּה, Yirmiya 8:18 עֲלֵי יָגוֹן at time of sorrow, Yirmiya 16:7 (but Giesebrecht עַל אָבֵל to): with abstr. substs. to form a periphr. for adverbs, Vayikra 5:22 and swear עַל שֶׁקֶר upon falseness = falsely, Yirmiya 6:14 = Yirmiya 8:11 to heal a wound עַל נְקַלָּה lightly, easily, Tehillim 31:24 עַל יֶתֶר = abundantly, Yeshaya 60:7 עַל רָצוֹן = acceptably (compare عَلَى لَذَّةٍ = with delight). (f) It hence acquires the force of in spite of, notwithstanding (so عَلَى, W^{AG ii. § 59 h}), Iyov 10:7 עַל דַּעְתְּךָ in spite of thy knowing, Iyov 34:6 על משׁפטי notwithstanding my right I am to be a liar (Dillmann De Davidson Revised Version: otherwise Hitzig Revised Version^m). compare below, III c b. (g) Upon, concerning, with vbs. of speaking, as דִּבֶּר Shoftim 9:3; Melachim Alef 5:13, אָמַר Yirmiya 16:3; Yirmiya 27:19 (‖ אל) Yirmiya 33:4, hearing Breishis 41:15 שָׁמַעְתִּי עָלֶיךָ I have heard concerning thee, saying, etc., Melachim Alef 10:6; Yeshaya 37:9 (‖ Melachim Beis 19:9 אל), disputing Breishis 26:21, telling Shmuel Alef 27:11; Yoel 1:3, commanding Shmuel Beis 14:8; Melachim Alef 11:10, being vexed Melachim Alef 21:4; Melachim Beis 6:11, crying Melachim Beis 8:5, confessing Tehillim 32:5 Nechemia 1:6; of the object of a prophecy or vision Melachim Alef 22:8; Yeshaya 1:1; Yeshaya 2:1; and often with similar verbs. (h) In a somewhat weaker sense, in the matter of, as regards, Breishis 41:32 וְעַל הִשָּׁנוֹת הַחֲלוֹם, Shemos 22:8; Rus 4:7; Vayikra 5:22, Vayikra 5:26; Daniel 9:14; Nechemia 9:33; חָטָא עַל Vayikra 4:14 (‖ בָּהּ v Vayikra 4:23, cogn. direct object v Vayikra 4:28), Vayikra 5:5; Bamidbar 6:11; Nechemia 13:26; … עַל־דְּבַר in the matter of, Bamidbar 25:18; Bamidbar 31:16.

It expresses excess (synon. מִן q.see); Breishis 48:22 I give thee שְׁכֶם אַחַד עַל אַחֶיךָ one shoulder (ridge) above thy brethren, Shemos 16:5 מִשְׁנֶה על double above or beyond, Bamidbar 3:46 Devarim 25:3 stripes עַל־אֵלֶּה beyond these, Yehoshua 3:15 Jordan מָלֵא עַל was full over all its banks (compare Yehoshua 4:18 Yeshaya 8:7 הלך על, עלה), Tehillim 138:2 Koheles 1:16 Daniel 1:20 עֶשֶׂר יָדוֹת עַל ten times above (compare in Aramaic 3:19, and عَلَى Qor 37:153), Ezra 1:6 †לְבַד עַל = beside (see בַּד); Tehillim 16:2 (si vera l.) טוֹבָתִי בַל עָלֶיךָ my welfare is not beyond thee, that is does not lie outside thee.—Of time, Vayikra 15:25 if she has an issue עַל נִדָּתָהּ beyond her time of impurity (compare Yeshaya 32:10, 4 b).

It denotes elevation or pre-eminence, as עליון על high (figuratively) above, Devarim 26:19 and elsewhere, Devarim 28:43 יעלה עליך will go up above thee, compare Mishlei 31:29; Tehillim 57:6, Tehillim 57:12 be thou exalted above the heavens, Tehillim 89:8; Tehillim 95:3; Tehillim 96:4, etc., Nechemia 9:5; with words (q.see) such as גבר, גדל, חזק, נשׂא (Ni. Pi. Hithp.), עזז, and especially those denoting rule or superintendence, as מלך, הפקיד; so with שָׁת, היה, נתן, Breishis 41:33, Breishis 41:40, Breishis 41:43, שׂם Shmuel Alef 18:5; with פָּקִיד, שַׂר, מֶלֶךְ, etc., Breishis 41:34; Shemos 1:11; Shemos 18:21, etc.; absolute Shmuel Beis 8:16 Joab was על־הצבא over the host, Shmuel Beis 20:23, Shmuel Beis 20:24 Melachim Alef 4:4-6; Melachim Alef 5:30; Bamidbar 10:14 Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:23, Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:26; Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:25; Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:17; Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:12; אֲשֶׁר עַל בֵּיתוֹ of Joseph’s steward Breishis 43:16, Breishis 43:19; Breishis 44:1, Breishis 44:4; and in the official titles אּשֶׁר עַל־הַבַּיִת = the Governor of the Palace Yeshaya 22:15 and elsewhere (see בַּיִת 6); אֲשֶׁר עַל־הַמַּס the overseer of the forced labour Melachim Alef 12:18; אשׁר על־העיר the governor of the city Melachim Beis 10:5, אשׁר על המלתחה v Melachim Beis 10:22.

It expresses addition (compare ἐπὶ in Gk., for example ἐπὶ τούτοις); viz.

introducing the complement of a verb, as with יָסַף to add upon or to, Tehillim 61:7 + often (see יָסַף), שָׁת to put to Breishis 30:40, נִלְוָה to be joined to Bamidbar 18:2, Bamidbar 18:4; Yeshaya 14:1 (also c. אֶל), נָפַל to fall to, that is desert to, Yirmiya 21:9 +, עבר to pass over to Shemos 30:13, Shemos 30:14; Yeshaya 45:14 (compare Yeshaya 60:5); also Chavakuk 2:16 תִּסֹּב כּוֹס עַל Eicha 4:21, Esther 4:7; נֶחְשַׁב to be reckoned to Vayikra 25:31; Shmuel Beis 4:2, היה על Bamidbar 36:12; Tehillim 69:28 תְּנָה עָוֹן עַל עֲוֹנָם, Yeshaya 56:8 עוֹד אֲקַבֵּץ עָלָיו I will yet gather (others) unto him.

Used absol., as Breishis 28:9 he took Maḥalath עַל נָשָׁיו in addition to his (other) wives, Breishis 31:50 (compare אל Vayikra 18:18), Bamidbar 31:8 עַל חַלְלֵיהֶם in addition to their slain (‖ Yehoshua 13:22 אֶל), Devarim 23:14; Yechezkel 16:37, Yechezkel 16:43; Yechezkel 25:10; Yeshaya 32:10 יָמִים עַל שָׁנָה days upon, in addition to, a year, Divrei HaYamim Beis 21:15 יָמִים עַל יָמִים, Yechezkel 7:26 הֹוָה עַל הֹוָה תָבוֹא (‖ אל), Yirmiya 4:20 (if נִקְרָא = be proclaimed), Iyov 16:14 יִפְרְצֵנִי פֶרֶץ עַלאפְּנֵי־פָ֑רֶץ (compare Lagarde^{M iii. 112}; also Il. 14:130 ἕλκος ἐφʼ ἕλκει, Odyss. 7:120f., Qor 31:13). So often in laws of P (compare c), Vayikra 7:12 he shall offer עַל־זֶבַח הַתּוֹדָה in addition to the sacrifice of thanksgiving, etc., v ^13b Bamidbar 6:20; Bamidbar 15:9; Bamidbar 28:10, Bamidbar 28:15, Bamidbar 28:24 (compare מִלְּבַד v ³¹ Bamidbar 29:6), Bamidbar 35:6; Yechezkel 16:43 (Hitzig Smend Revised Version: compare Yechezkel 44:7 אל).

Hence by an easy transition it denotes together with, with, Shemos 35:22 men together with (עַל) women, Iyov 38:32 וְעַיִשׁ עַל־בָּנֶיהָ תַנְחֵם and the Bear with her children, wilt thou lead them? Melachim Alef 15:20; Yirmiya 3:18 the house of Isr. with the house of Judah, Micha 5:2 (Ca Ke Kue; but and elsewhere as 7 c a), Breishis 32:12 lest he come and smite me, אֵם עַל בָּנִים the mother with the children (compare Hoshea 10:14 Devarim 22:6); and as a techn. term in the regulations for sacrifice, especially with אכל, Shemos 12:8 עַל־מְרֹרִים יֹאכְלֻהוּ together with bitter herbs they shall eat it, v Shemos 12:9 his head with (על) his legs, etc., Bamidbar 9:11; Devarim 16:3 לֹא־תֹאכָל עָלָיו חָמֵץ (compare Shemos 23:18; Shemos 34:25), v Devarim 16:3; in the phrase אכל על הדם to eat with the blood Shmuel Alef 14:32, Shmuel Alef 14:33 (v Shmuel Alef 14:34 אל), Vayikra 19:26; Yechezkel 33:25 (compare in Gk. for example ἐπὶ τῷ σίτῳ πίνειν ὕδωρ); see also Vayikra 2:2, Vayikra 2:16; Vayikra 3:4 (so v Vayikra 3:10, Vayikra 3:15 Vayikra 4:9; Vayikra 7:4), Vayikra 4:11; Vayikra 7:13, Vayikra 7:30; Vayikra 10:15; Vayikra 14:31; Vayikra 23:18, Vayikra 23:20; Bamidbar 6:17; Bamidbar 19:5; Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:4.

It expresses the idea of being suspended, or extended, over anything, without however being in contact with it, above, over: Breishis 1:20 let fowl fly over the earth, Breishis 19:23 השׁמשׁ יצא על had come forth upon the earth (compare זרח על Shemos 22:2 +; בא על go down [set] upon Devarim 24:15 Micha 3:6; Iyov 25:3), Bamidbar 10:34; Bamidbar 14:14 and thy cloud stood עליהם over them, Devarim 28:23 the heavens על־ראשׁך above thy head, Yeshaya 4:5; Yeshaya 60:1, Yeshaya 60:2; Tzefania 2:11; Zecharia 9:14 Tehillim 7:8 over it return thou on high, Iyov 29:3 בְּהִלּוֹ נֵרוֹ עֲלֵי רֹאשִׁי (compare דעך על be extinguished over, Iyov 18:6), Shir HaShirim 2:4 his banner over me: figuratively of protection Devarim 32:38 Tehillim 68:35: with vbs. of motion (expressed or implied), נשׁקף על to incline over Shmuel Alef 13:18 +, נטה ידו על Shemos 14:16; Yeshaya 23:11 + (compare Tehillim 21:12), הניף על to swing over Yeshaya 11:15; Yeshaya 19:16; השׁמיע על to proclaim over Yirmiya 4:16; Amos 3:9, compare Bamidbar 10:10; Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:12, נקרא שׁם על a name to be called over Shmuel Beis 12:28 + (see קרא).

From the sense of inclining or impending over, על comes to denote contiguity or proximity, Engl. by (or sometimes on):—

in designating localities, especially those beside water, Breishis 14:6 עַל־הַמִּדְבָּר by the wilderness, Breishis 16:7 עַל עֵין הַמַּיִם by the spring of water, Breishis 24:13, Breishis 24:30; Breishis 29:2 three flocks lying עָלֶיהָ by it (the well), Breishis 41:1 Bamidbar 3:26; Bamidbar 13:29 על־הים by the sea, Bamidbar 22:5; Bamidbar 24:6 gardens עֲלֵי נָהָר Devarim 3:12; Devarim 33:8; Shoftim 5:19; Shoftim 7:1; Shmuel Alef 1:9 על מזוזת היכל י׳ (Yechezkel 46:2), Shmuel Alef 4:1; Melachim Beis 2:7 and they stood על־הירדן by the Jordan, Melachim Beis 25:4 Yeshaya 19:7; Yeshaya 38:20 Tehillim 1:3 planted by water-courses, Yirmiya 17:2, Yirmiya 17:8; Iyov 30:4; Iyov 31:9 על פתח by the entrance, Mishlei 14:19, + often.; על הדרך by the way Breishis 38:21; Shmuel Alef 24:4; Yechezkel 48:24 על גבולו adjoining his border; עבר על to pass by a place Melachim Alef 9:18; Yirmiya 18:16 +, figuratively עבר על פשׁע to pass by transgression, that is to overlook it, Micha 7:18 and elsewhere: על יְמִין … on the right of … Tehillim 110:5 +, עַל יַד …, עַל יֶרֶךְ …, עַל כֶּתֶף … on the side of … (see these words): less freq. (except as c) with ref. to persons, Bamidbar 2:5 וְהַחֹנִים עָלָיו and those encamping next him, v Bamidbar 2:12, Bamidbar 2:20, Bamidbar 2:27 Bamidbar 6:9 וכי ימות מת עליו, Melachim Beis 11:11 by the king round about (compare Bamidbar 3:26 above), עבר על פ׳ Breishis 18:5; Melachim Beis 4:9 +.

Shmuel Beis 9:7, Shmuel Beis 9:10 to eat bread עַל שֻׁלְחַן פּ׳ at any one’s table, Shemos 16:3 when we sat עַל־סִיר הַבָּשָׂר, Shmuel Alef 20:24 Kesiv to sit עַל־חַלֶּהֶם at meat; Shmuel Alef 25:13; Shmuel Alef 30:24 to remain עַל־הַכֵּלִים; Mishlei 23:30 to tarry long על־היין at (or over) the wine, Iyov 39:9 עַל־אֲבוּסֶֽךָ ׃ at thy crib: compare הַיּוֹשֵׁב עַל הַמִּשְׁפָּט Yeshaya 28:6.

Idiomatically, with עָמַד and נִצַּב to stand by (literally over,—orig. no doubt with ref. to one supposed to be seated), Breishis 18:2 three men נִצָּבִים עָלָיו standing by him, v Breishis 18:8 and he עֹמֵד עליו standing by him under the tree, Breishis 24:30 by the camels, Breishis 28:13; Shmuel Alef 4:20; Shmuel Beis 1:9; Shmuel Beis 20:11, Shmuel Beis 20:12; Amos 7:7; especially of persons standing about a superior, as servants or courtiers, Breishis 45:1; Shoftim 3:19; Shmuel Alef 22:6, Shmuel Alef 22:7, Shmuel Alef 22:17, of persons surrounding a judge Shemos 18:13, Shemos 18:14, of י׳’s heavenly ministers, Melachim Alef 22:19 (compare Yeshaya 6:2 ממעל לו), Zecharia 4:14, and with התיצב Zecharia 6:5 Iyov 1:6; Iyov 2:1; also of one standing by (proposes leaning over) an altar or sacrifice Bamidbar 23:3, Bamidbar 23:6; Melachim Alef 13:1 (compare 7 b); Amos 9:1; of an Ashérah by an altar Shoftim 6:25, Shoftim 6:28 (compare אֵצֶל Devarim 16:21) ortree Yirmiya 17:2; compare Shmuel Beis 12:17 (קום) Shemos 2:15; Shmuel Beis 2:13 (ישׁב).

In connexion with verbs of motion (actual or figuratively):—

of motion from a higher place downwards, down upon: thus (a) המטיר על to rain upon Breishis 2:5; Breishis 19:24, ירד על Breishis 15:11, יצק על to pour upon Breishis 28:18, נפל על צוארי פ׳ Breishis 33:4, נפל על פניו to fall on his (own) face Breishis 17:3, Breishis 17:17, שׂם על to put upon, Breishis 21:14; Breishis 22:6, Breishis 22:9; Breishis 24:47 (v Breishis 24:22 Sam Dillmann), נתן על כף to place on the hand of … Breishis 40:11, Breishis 40:21, השׁליך על Shmuel Beis 20:12, etc.; compare Iyov 29:22 וְעָלֵימוֹ תִּטֹּף מִלָּתִי, Micha 3:5; Nachum 3:12. (b) In diff. figuratively connexions, as of sleep falling upon one, Breishis 2:21; Breishis 15:12; of fear Breishis 9:2; Shmuel Alef 11:7 (see פַּחַד, חֲרָדָה, אֵימָה); of good or bad fortune, especially the latter, coming upon one, as with בוא and הביא, Breishis 27:12; Devarim 28:2 (in good sense), v Devarim 28:15, Yirmiya 5:12; Yirmiya 19:3 (רעה, as often); of retribution, reproach, the Divine wrath, etc., with diff. verbs (הביא, נתן, ירד, חול, היה, etc.), as Breishis 20:9; Bamidbar 12:11 חטאה; Breishis 42:36 עָלַי הָיוּ כֻלָּנָה upon me are they all; Bamidbar 18:5 + (היה קֶצֶף על); Devarim 19:10 דם (compare אל Shmuel Beis 21:2 Septuagint Wellhausen Driver), Shoftim 9:24; Melachim Alef 2:32; Shmuel Beis 16:8; Hoshea 12:15; Shmuel Beis 3:29; Shmuel Beis 15:14; Shmuel Alef 11:2 חרפה; Yirmiya 14:16; Yirmiya 26:15 דם נקי (‖ אל), Yonah 1:14; Yechezkel 7:3, Yechezkel 7:4, Yechezkel 7:8; Yechezkel 23:49; Yechezkel 36:29; Tehillim 7:17; Tehillim 94:2, Tehillim 94:23; Tehillim 109:5 וישׂימו עלי רעה תחת טובה (lay upon me: but Hu וישיבו, Mishlei 17:13), Tehillim 140:11; שָׁפַךְ חֵמָה על Yechezkel 7:8 + often; without a verb, Breishis 16:5 חֲמָסִי עָלֶיךָ my wrong be upon thee, Yirmiya 51:35 (‖ אל); Breishis 27:13 עלי קללתך; Breishis 38:29 (accents, Revised Version^m); Shmuel Beis 1:16 דמיך על ראשׁך; Shmuel Beis 14:9 עָלַי הֶעָוֹן; Yeshaya 24:17; Yirmiya 48:43; Yirmiya 50:27; Yechezkel 13:3; הוֹי עַל …; Tehillim 55:16 Kesiv.; of a blessing, Shemos 32:29 Tehillim 3:9, a curse Devarim 30:7, mercies (probably conceived spec. as descending from heaven) Tehillim 33:22; Tehillim 86:13; Tehillim 90:17; Tehillim 103:17 (with גבר be mighty over or upon, v Tehillim 103:11 Tehillim 117:2), Tehillim 116:12; Tehillim 145:9; Ezra 3:11, שׁלום Tehillim 125:5; Tehillim 128:6; Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:9. (c.) Introducing the object upon which an action, or emotion, especially if accompanied by a gesture, is conceived as being directed (but with some of these words, especially when they refer to an event, rather than a person, as Shemos 18:9, על is to be explained from Shemos 18:1 b). Thus with verbs denoting the manifestation of joy or giref, as שׂושׂ to rejoice over, גיל, שׂמח, התענג, התפאר, שׂחק, אבל, ספד, שׁמם, בכה Shoftim 11:37 +, נשׂא (משׁל) קינה to take up a lament, or proverb, over (see these words); probably also in הִנָּבֵא על prophecy over Yechezkel 11:4; Yechezkel 13:17 +; with חוּס, חָמַל, רִחַם to shew compassion on (compare Melachim Alef 3:26 [Breishis 43:30 אל], Shir HaShirim 5:4 [Yirmiya 31:20 ל]); with שׁמר, שׁקד, הֵעִיר (Iyov 8:6) to guard or watch over; with יעץ to counsel upon Yeshaya 14:26 +, חשׁב to devise (usually in bad sense, Yirmiya 29:11 in good), דִּבֶּר (רעה Yirmiya 11:17 +, טובה Yirmiya 18:20; Yirmiya 32:42), הֵקִים דָּבָר Yirmiya 29:10. Of more distinctly phys. acts, with בכה to weep on Breishis 45:14, Breishis 45:15 +, שׁרק to hiss, ספק or תקע כף to clap the hand, הִכָּה כף Yechezkel 22:13 (‖ אל); Yeshaya 5:30 to growl over, Yeshaya 31:4 Yechezkel 36:2; Iyov 30:5; הִתְוַדָּה to confess over (the goat), Vayikra 16:21; Shemos 30:10 (probably); Devarim 21:6; Iyov 6:27; Iyov 40:30.

From a lower place upwards, up upon, up to, as עלה על to go up upon: Shemos 20:23; Shmuel Alef 2:28; Melachim Alef 12:33; Melachim Beis 16:12; Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:6 (an altar, that is to a ledge beside it; compare Melachim Beis 23:9, and ירד Vayikra 9:22; Melachim Alef 1:53); Shoftim 9:51; Yeshaya 14:14; Yeshaya 40:9, etc.; to come up upon (in diff. connexions) Shemos 10:12; Vayikra 16:9 (figuratively), Vayikra 19:19; Shmuel Alef 1:11; Shmuel Alef 6:7; Melachim Alef 10:16, Melachim Alef 10:17; figuratively עלה על לב Yeshaya 65:17 + (see לב, לבב, 3 d); in Hiph. Melachim Alef 20:23 וַיַּעֲלֵהוּ עַל הַמֶּרְכָּבָה, Amos 8:10 (compare 1 a a), Shmuel Beis 1:24; Yechezkel 37:6 Tehillim 137:6 (figuratively), Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:5, Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:14 (= ornamented with); Devarim 28:61 (compare Shemos 15:26); Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:34 the history of Jehu which הֹעֲלָה עַל was brought up upon (that is inserted in) the book of, etc. (compare Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:32; and כתב על above 1); compare נטה יד על־השׁמים up to heaven Shemos 9:22; Shemos 10:21; Shemos 17:16.

Expressing direction towards (not common, except in sense against: see below)—(a) with verbs of motion, properly of a person (or thing) moving to another so as either to stand above, or rest upon, it (compare Pusey^{Min. Pr. 333}), Shemos 34:12 הארץ אשׁר אתה בא עליה (simil., of a land, or place, Shemos 18:23 Bamidbar 11:12; Melachim Alef 2:26 עֲנָתֹת לֵךָ עַל־שָׂדֶיךָ, Yechezkel 32:9; Yirmiya 3:18; Yirmiya 16:13; Yirmiya 22:26, and after שׁוּב or הֵשִׁיב Yirmiya 16:15; Yirmiya 22:27; Yirmiya 23:3; Yirmiya 24:6 [but אֶל Yirmiya 27:22; Yirmiya 30:3 and elsewhere], Yechezkel 29:14; Breishis 40:13 וֶהֱשִׁיבְךָ עַל־כַּנֶּ֑ךָ, Breishis 41:13, Breishis 30:33 כִּי תָבֹא עַל שְׂכָרִי to view my hire; Vayikra 21:11; Bamidbar 6:6 בא על נפשׁ מֵת to come in upon a corpse; בא על אשׁה Breishis 19:31; Devarim 25:5 (usually אל); Yehoshua 3:16 מַיִם יֹרְדִים עַל יָם, Yechezkel 47:8; Melachim Alef 18:12 יִשָּֽׂאֲךָ עַל־אֲשֶׁר לֹא־אֵדָ֑ע, Tehillim 19:7; Melachim Beis 16:12; Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:24; Yeshaya 53:1 upon whom (coming from above) was י׳’s arm revealed? Yeshaya 62:10 הרימו נֵס על העמים over towards (but Yeshaya 49:22 אל): but often it is doubtful if this force is perceptible; and in generally על in such cases seems to be used merely as a syn.—perhaps as a slightly more graphic syn.—of אֶל (compare p. 41); in the later language, also, it may be due partly to the infl. of Aramaic, which does not use אֶל; thus (α) with a personal object, with assemble or be assembled, Shemos 32:1; Shmuel Beis 17:11; Melachim Alef 8:5; Melachim Alef 11:24; Melachim Beis 22:20 (Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:28 and usually אל), Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:7, עלה Breishis 38:12; Yehoshua 2:8; Shmuel Alef 14:10 (v Shmuel Alef 14:9, Shmuel Alef 14:12 אל), עבר Shmuel Alef 14:4 (v Shmuel Alef 14:1 אל), בא Shmuel Beis 15:4 (see Driver) Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:23, יצא Melachim Beis 24:12, הוליך Melachim Beis 25:20, נגע Shoftim 20:34, Shoftim 20:41 (compare Yeshaya 6:7; Yirmiya 1:9), נס Yeshaya 10:3, הלך Yeshaya 22:15 (אל … על), נשׂא Yeshaya 30:6, שׁלח Melachim Beis 18:27 (אל … על … על: ‖ Yeshaya 36:12אל … אל … על), Yirmiya 26:15; Yirmiya 29:31; Divrei HaYamim Alef 13:2; Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:16; Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:1; Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:9, Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:31; Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:15; Nechemia 6:3, נגשׁ Yechezkel 9:6, שׁב, השׁיב Nechemia 4:6; Malachi 3:24 (see c), followed by על י׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:4; Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:9, התיצּב Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:13; letters going על פ׳ Nechemia 2:7; Nechemia 6:17 (v ^b אל). (β) of places, Breishis 24:49; Shmuel Beis 2:19 + על ימין to the right; with הלך Shmuel Alef 2:11; Melachim Alef 20:43 על־ביתו (Melachim Alef 21:4 אל), Shmuel Beis 15:20 ואני הולך על אשׁר אני הולך, Yirmiya 1:7; Yechezkel 1:20 (v Yechezkel 1:12 אל), הוליך Melachim Alef 1:38 (v Melachim Alef 1:33 אל), נהר Micha 4:1 (‖ Yeshaya 2:2 אל), Yirmiya 31:12 (אל … על), נגשׁ Yechezkel 44:13 (‖ אל), עלה Shmuel Alef 24:23; Shmuel Beis 19:1 Melachim Alef 6:8 (‖ אל), Yechezkel 41:7, בא Yirmiya 14:3; Yirmiya 51:51, (על הר) הביא Yeshaya 66:20 (Yeshaya 56:7 אל), ירד Yirmiya 36:12, הִטָּה Mishlei 21:1, הסיר Shmuel Beis 6:10 (‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 13:13 אל), נתן Yeshaya 29:12 (v Yeshaya 29:11 אל) Micha 1:14; Micha 3:5; Breishis 42:37, השׁיב, שׁב, Bamidbar 33:7; Yirmiya 11:10 (figuratively, עַל עֲוֹנוֹת), Tehillim 35:13 Iyov 34:15 (Breishis 3:19 אל), Mishlei 26:11. Koheles 1:6; Melachim Alef 17:21, Melachim Alef 17:22 (compare Shmuel Alef 30:12 אל) השׁתחוה Vayikra 26:1 (probably), Yeshaya 60:14; pregn. Yeshaya 24:22 אֻסְּפוּ עַל בּוֹר be collected (and delivered) into a dungeon: compare חוּשׁ עַל Iyov 31:5 (figuratively), also to requite עַל־חֵיק Yeshaya 65:6; Yeshaya 65:7 Kesiv. (Yirmiya 32:18 Tehillim 79:12 אל). After נראה appear, Tehillim 90:16 (אל … על). And as far as, unto (nearly = עַל) Breishis 49:13 וְיַרְכָתוֹ עַל צִידוֹן Yehoshua 2:7; Yehoshua 18:13; Yehoshua 19:12; Yirmiya 31:39; Yechezkel 47:18; Yechezkel 48:21, Yechezkel 48:28 Tehillim 48:11; Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:16. (b) With אמר say to, Melachim Beis 22:8; Yirmiya 18:11 (אל … על), Yirmiya 22:6; Yirmiya 23:2, Yirmiya 23:35 (על … אל), Yirmiya 36:29; Yirmiya 44:20 (אל … על), דבר Shmuel Alef 1:13 (Breishis 24:45 אל), Melachim Alef 9:5; Hoshea 12:11; Yirmiya 6:10; Yirmiya 10:1; Yirmiya 11:2 (אל … על), speak to Yirmiya 25:2 (על … אל), Yirmiya 26:2, compare Esther 1:17, היה דבר י׳ Yirmiya 25:1; Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:8 compare Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:10, ענה Shmuel Beis 19:43, קרא Yeshaya 34:14; Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:18, שִׁוַּע Tehillim 18:42, הֵרַע Melachim Alef 17:20, שֹׁרֵר, שָׁר sing Mishlei 25:20; Iyov 33:27, החליק Mishlei 29:5 (Tehillim 36:3 אל), התפלל Shmuel Alef 1:10, כתב Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:1; Ezra 4:7; Esther 8:8, שׁמע Melachim Beis 20:13 (= Yeshaya 39:2), Yeshaya 22:13; Yirmiya 23:16; Yirmiya 26:5; Yirmiya 35:18; Chaggai 1:12; see also הקשׁיב, האזין, הבין, התבונן, השׂכיל. (c) Expressing (or implying) the direction of the mind, Shmuel Beis 14:1 לב המלך על אבשׁלם; Malachi 3:24; Ezra 6:22; Shir HaShirim 7:11 וְעָלַי תְּשׁוּקָתוֹ (Breishis 3:16; Breishis 4:7 אל); שָׂם לִבּוֹ על Iyov 1:8 (Iyov 2:3 אל), Shmuel Alef 25:25 (אל … על); Yirmiya 22:17 thy eyes and thy heart are only (set) upon (על) …, Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:17; Melachim Alef 1:20; Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:12 כִּי עָלֶיךָ עֵינֵינוּ (elsewhere אל), Melachim Alef 2:15 עָלַי שָׂמוּ פניהם, Tehillim 146:5 שִׂבְרוֹ על י׳; Yeshaya 10:25 וְאַפִּי עַל־תַּבְלִיתָם be (directed) towards their destruction, Yirmiya 32:31 (Graf Ewald: compare Revised Version); compare שׁעה על look to (trustfully) Yeshaya 17:7; Yeshaya 31:1. (The uses a, b, c are all exceptional: אל would be regularly employed.) (d) With the force of over and towards (compare 5 and 7 a b, end): Tehillim 65:5 נוֹרָא עֲלִילָה עַל; to shine, etc. on, Tehillim 31:17 הָאִירָה פָנֶיךָ עַל (Bamidbar 6:25 אל); רָאָה עַל Shemos 5:21; הוֹפִיעַ עַל Iyov 10:3; וְשַׂמְתִּי עֵינִי עַל Amos 9:4 + (compare Iyov 14:3; Iyov 24:3; Iyov 34:21); הִשְׁקִיף עַל look out over Tehillim 14:3 +.

In a hostile sense, upon, against: so very often, after every kind of verb expressing or implying attack, as בא Breishis 34:25, Breishis 34:27, נֶאֱסַף v Breishis 34:30, קצף to be angry Breishis 40:2, לון to murmur Shemos 15:24, עמד stand up Vayikra 19:16 +, קָם rise up Devarim 19:11; Amos 7:9, נלחם Devarim 20:10, חנה Shmuel Alef 11:1 Tehillim 27:3, עלה Melachim Beis 17:3, חרה אף Zecharia 10:3 (usually בְּ), שׁפך סללה Yeshaya 37:33, צוּר besiege Devarim 20:12, חשׁב to devise Breishis 50:20; Yirmiya 11:19, דִּבֶּר Devarim 13:6 +, etc.: add Iyov 16:4^(×2), Iyov 16:9, Iyov 16:10, Iyov 16:13; Iyov 19:12; Iyov 21:27; Iyov 30:12, etc.; היה על Shmuel Beis 11:23; Bamidbar 31:3: הִנְנִי עָלַיִךְ (see אֶל 4); note also Shoftim 9:31; Shoftim 20:5: without a verb Yeshaya 9:20; Shoftim 16:12 פלשׁתים עליך the Philistines are upon thee, Shoftim 20:9 עָלָיהָ בְּגוֹרָל Against it by lot!

By writers of the silver age, על is sometimes used with the force of a dative, Divrei HaYamim Alef 13:2 אִם עֲלֵיבֶם טוֹב (in classical Hebrew בְּעֵינֵיבֶם) if it seems good to you, אִם עַל הַמֶּלֶךְ טוֹב †Nechemia 2:5, Nechemia 2:7 Esther 1:19; Esther 3:9; Esther 5:4, Esther 5:8; Esther 7:3; Esther 8:5; Esther 9:13 (compare in Aramaic Ezra 5:17; Ezra 7:18); שָׁפַר עַל Tehillim 16:6 (compare in Aramaic Daniel 4:24); עָרַב עַל Tehillim 104:34 (elsewhere לְ); רַע עַל Koheles 2:17 (see De; compare בְּאֵשׁ עַל Daniel 6:15): comp. Iyov 22:2 סָכַן על be profitable to, Iyov 33:23; also גָּמַל עַל (in both good and bad sense: see גמל), Nechemia 5:19 עשׂה על, Nechemia 9:30 משׁך על prolong (mercy) to; הִטָּה חֶסֶד עַל Ezra 7:28; Ezra 9:9 (Breishis 39:21 אל): Shmuel Alef 20:8 read probably עם for על. compare Mish. חביב על, dear to; סני על hateful to; Syriac ܕܚܺܝܡ ܥܰܠ, ܡܩܰܒܰܠ ܥܰܠ, pleasant, acceptable to.—Comp. in generally the uses of عَلَى,, W^{AG ii. § 59}.

With other particles:—עַל אַהֲרֵי Yechezkel 41:15; עַל בֵּין Yechezkel 19:11 (compare אל Yechezkel 31:10, Yechezkel 31:14); עַל לִפְנֵי Yechezkel 40:15; עַל מֵעַל Yechezkel 41:17 (text doubtful), v Yechezkel 41:20; עַל עֵבֶר Shemos 25:37 (compare אל Yechezkel 1:9, Yechezkel 1:12); עַל־כָּ֫כָה Esther 9:26 (see p. 462).—On עַל־יַד, עַל־יְדֵי, עַל פִּי, עַל־פְּנֵי, see יָד, פֶּה, פָּנִים.

As conjunction:

עַל אֲשֶׁר because that … (compare above, II 1st feminine b), Shemos 32:35 and י׳ plagued the people על אשׁר עשׂו because they had made, etc., Bamidbar 20:24; Devarim 29:24 (in answer to על מה: so Melachim Alef 9:9; Yirmiya 16:11; Yirmiya 22:9), Devarim 32:51^(×2) Shmuel Alef 24:6; Shmuel Beis 3:30; Shmuel Beis 6:8; Shmuel Beis 8:10; Shmuel Beis 12:6 Tehillim 119:49 +.

עַל כִּ׳ similar in meaning, but less frequent: †Devarim 31:17; Shoftim 3:12; Yirmiya 4:28; Malachi 2:14 Tehillim 139:14.

עַל alone: (a) because, †Breishis 31:20 עַל בְּלִי הִגִּיד, Tehillim 119:136 עַל לֹא. (b) notwithstanding that (above, 1st feminine f), although, †Yeshaya 53:9 עַל לֹא חָמָס עָשָׂה although he did no violence, Iyov 16:17 עַל לֹא חָמָס בְּכַפָּ֑י.

Compounds:—

with כְּ (rare and late),

as concerning, as upon †Tehillim 119:14 כְּעַל כָּל־הוֹן, Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:19.

(pleonastically for כְּ), † Yeshaya 59:18 כְּעַל גְּמֻלוֹת כְּעַל יְשַׁלֵּם the like of their deeds is the like of (that which) he will repay (כְּעַל repeated on the anal. of כְּ Bamidbar 15:15; Hoshea 4:9: see כְּ) = according to their deeds is (that which) he will repay, Yeshaya 63:7 according to.

מֵעַל₃₀₄ from upon, from over, from by—used with much delicacy of application in many different connexions, corresponding mostly with the different senses of על. Thus

from upon idiomatically, when removal, motion, etc., from a surface is involved, as מעל האדמה, מעל פני האדמה from upon (the face of) the ground, usually with expel, destroy, perish, etc. Breishis 4:14; Breishis 6:7; Breishis 7:4; Shemos 32:12; Devarim 6:15; Devarim 28:21:Devarim 28:63 + often especially Je and compiler of K; to be lifted up מעל הארץ Breishis 7:17 Yechezkel 1:19, Yechezkel 1:21 +, to return or be dried (of water) מעל הארץ Breishis 8:3, Breishis 8:7, Breishis 8:11, Breishis 8:13; to roll a stone מֵעַל פִּי הַבְּאֵר Breishis 29:3; of the cloud departing מעל האהל Bamidbar 9:17; Bamidbar 12:10, compare Nechemia 9:19; to rise up מֵעַל הַכִּסֵּא Shoftim 3:20; Melachim Alef 2:4, מֵעַל מִשְׁכָּבוֹ Shmuel Beis 11:2; to alight (נָפַל) מֵעַל הַגָּמָל Breishis 24:64 (compare Yehoshua 15:18 צנח, Shmuel Alef 25:23 ירד), ירד מֵעַל הַמֶּרְכָּבָה Shoftim 4:15; Melachim Beis 5:21; (נפל); to take מֵעַל רֹאשׁ Breishis 40:19 Shmuel Beis 12:30, מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ Vayikra 16:12; Bamidbar 17:11; Yeshaya 6:6; to see מֵעַל הַגָּג Shmuel Beis 11:2; to shoot מֵעַל הַחוֹמָה v Shmuel Beis 11:20, Shmuel Beis 11:24; to speak מֵעַל הַכַּפֹּרֶת Shemos 25:22; Bamidbar 7:89; to cast down מֵעַל יָדַיִם Devarim 9:17; Vayikra 8:28 (כַּפַּיִם); to break, remove, etc., a yoke (צוארך) מעל שׁכמך Breishis 27:40; Yeshaya 10:27; Yirmiya 28:10, Yirmiya 28:11; to wipe tears מֵעַל כָּל־פָּנִים Yeshaya 25:8; to take a bandage מעל עיניו Melachim Alef 20:41 (compare על v Melachim Alef 20:38); often of putting off a garment or ornament, as Breishis 38:14, Breishis 38:19 וַתָּסַר צְעִיפָהּ מֵעָלֶיהָ, Shemos 33:5 הוֹרֵד עֶדְיְךָ מֵעָלֶיךָ, a sandal Shemos 3:5; Yehoshua 5:15, a ring מֵעַל יָדוֹ Breishis 41:42; to seek (דרשׁ), or hear, words מֵעַל הַסֵּפֶר Yeshaya 34:16; Yirmiya 36:11 (compare כתב על ספר above); pregn. with בָּלָה to wear away (and fall) from off, Devarim 8:4; Devarim 29:4, compare of the bones or skin in disease Iyov 30:17 עֲצָמַי נִקַּר מֵעָלָ֑י are pierced (and drop) from off me, v Iyov 30:30 עוֹרִי שָׁחַר מעלי is black (and falls) from off me; figuratively Shmuel Alef 1:11 הָסִירִי יֵינֵךְ מֵעָלַיִךְ remove thy wine from off thee; Bamidbar 14:9 סָר צִלָּם מֵעֲלֵיהֶם; Shoftim 16:19, Shoftim 16:20 י׳ סר מעליו (with allusion to the hair, as the seat of Samson’s strength), Shmuel Alef 16:23 (compare על in v Shmuel Alef 16:16).

Of relief from a burden or trouble: as of a plague, stroke, rod, etc., removed from (resting) on one, Shemos 10:17 וְיָסֵר מֵעָלַי אֶת־הַמָּוֶת הַזֶּה, Bamidbar 21:7; Bamidbar 25:8 וַתֵּעָצַר הַמַּגֵּפָה מֵעַל ישׂר׳ (Shmuel Beis 24:21, Shmuel Beis 24:25), Tehillim 39:11 הָסֵר מֵעָלַי נִגְעֶ֑ךָ, Iyov 9:34; Iyov 13:21 Yoel 2:20; of reproach Yehoshua 5:9; Yeshaya 25:8 Tehillim 119:22, iniquity Yechezkel 18:31; Zecharia 3:4, bloodguiltiness, Melachim Alef 2:31, wrath Shoftim 8:3; Bamidbar 25:11; Mishlei 24:18, murmurings Bamidbar 17:21, Bamidbar 17:25; הֵקֵל מֵעַל to lighten from upon one Shemos 18:22 +; Amos 5:23 הָסֵר מֵעָלַי הֲמוֹן שִׁירֶיךָ; pregn. Yonah 1:11, Yonah 1:12 that the sea יִשְׁתֹּק מֵעָלֵינוּ may be calm from off us; מֵעָלָיו שְׁעֵה look away from him Iyov 14:6; to remove, etc., מֵעַל פָּנַי (see פָּנִים); Shmuel Alef 6:20 to whom shall he go up מֵעָלֵינוּ from upon us (relieving us of his presence); so often of an army retiring from a country or raising a siege, Shmuel Beis 10:14 ויָּשָׁב יוֹאָב מֵעַל בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן, Shmuel Beis 20:21 וְאֵלְכָה מֵעַל הָעִיר, v Shmuel Beis 20:22 Melachim Beis 3:27; Melachim Beis 18:14, especially with עָלָה, נַעֲלָה, Melachim Alef 15:19; Yirmiya 21:2; Yirmiya 37:5, Yirmiya 37:11 +; Shmuel Beis 19:10 David fled מעל אבשׁלום from Absalom (whom his presence had encumbered), Nechemia 13:28 וָאַבְרִיחֵהוּ מֵעָלַי, compare Breishis 13:11; Breishis 25:6 Bamidbar 20:21 וַיֵּט ישׂר׳ מֵעָלָיו, Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:10; Shemos 10:28 לֵךְ מֵעָלַי (contemptuously; be no more obnoxious to me), similarly Shmuel Beis 13:17 שׁלחו־נא את־זאת מעלי (Amnon of Tamar).

From beside (compare על 6 c), in different nuances: Breishis 17:22 God went up מעל אברהם from beside A., Breishis 35:13; Breishis 18:3 אל נא תעבר מעל עבדך (compare על v Breishis 18:5), Breishis 42:24 Bamidbar 16:26, Bamidbar 16:27; Melachim Alef 1:53 to come down מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ (compare על Melachim Alef 13:1; 6 c and 7 b); from attendance on Breishis 45:1 (compare על ib.), Shoftim 3:19 וַיֵּצְאוּ מֵעָלָיו כָּל־הָעֹמְדִים עָלָיו Shmuel Alef 17:15 (see Driver), Shmuel Beis 13:9, compare Shmuel Alef 13:8, Shmuel Alef 13:11 Melachim Beis 25:5 (Yirmiya 36:21 read עַל, מ being dittogr.), compare Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:15; from attachment to, רָחַק מֵעַל י׳ Yirmiya 2:5; Yechezkel 11:15; Yechezkel 44:10, compare Yechezkel 8:6, סָר מֵעַל י׳ Yirmiya 32:40; Yechezkel 6:9, תָּעָה מֵעַל י׳ Yechezkel 44:10, Yechezkel 44:15, compare Yechezkel 14:5; Devarim 13:11; also סָר מֵעַל חַטֹּאות Melachim Beis 10:31; Melachim Beis 15:18 (usually מֵחטאות), compare Yechezkel 14:6; Yechezkel 23:18; from companionship with, Iyov 19:13 אַחַי מֵעָלַי הִרְחִיק; from accompanying protectingly Shmuel Alef 28:15 וֵאלֹהִים סָר מֵעָלַי, v Shmuel Alef 28:16 (compare על Tehillim 110:5; and see Driver); from adhesion to Melachim Beis 17:21 קָרַע ישׂראל מֵעַל בֵּית דָּוִד, Yeshaya 7:17; Yeshaya 56:3 יַבְדִּילַנִי י׳ מֵעַל עַמּוֹ, Hoshea 9:1 זָנִיתָ מֵעַל אֱלֹהֶיךָ.

In late Hebrew, = עַל above: Melachim Beis 25:28 נָתַן כִּסְאוֹ מֵעַל כִּסֵּא וגו׳ (‖ Yirmiya 52:32 more class. מִמַּעַל לְ), Esther 3:1 Tehillim 108:5 גדול מעל שׁמים (‖ Tehillim 57:11 עַד), Tehillim 148:4 Koheles 5:7 גָּבֹהַּ מֵעַל גָּבֹהַּ שֹׁמֵר, Nechemia 3:28; Nechemia 8:5; Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:4 לְמַעְלָה מֵעֲלֵיחֶם on high above them; Yechezkel 41:17, Yechezkel 41:20; Mishlei 14:14 read w. Capp. וּמִמַּעֲלָלָיו.—see p. 1126 on Chaggai 2:15, Chaggai 2:18; Zecharia 11:13.

מֵעַל לְ (chiefly late, and pleonastically for עַל, or else = the more class. syn. מִמַּעַל לְ): (a) Breishis 1:7 מֵעַל לָרָקִיעַ (Yechezkel 1:26 מִמַּעַל לְ׳), Yechezkel 1:25 (text doubtful; see commentaries), Shmuel Alef 17:39; Yonah 4:6; Malachi 1:5 upon, over the border (territory) of Israel (so Köhl Ke: but Hitzig Ewald Wellhausen beyond), Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:4 upon mount Zemaraim, Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:20. (b) beside Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:19 מֵעַל לְמִזְבַּח הַקְּטֹרֶת; Nechemia 12:31^(×2), Nechemia 12:37, Nechemia 12:38^(×2), Nechemia 12:39 doubtful: BeRy (in all) off the side of (מִן 6) = at a little distance from; Ke in v Nechemia 12:31, Nechemia 12:38 upon, in v Nechemia 12:37, Nechemia 12:38, Nechemia 12:39 by the side of (an … vorüber).

עַלְוָה

transp. from עַוְלָה (q.see) Hoshea 10:9.

עַלְוָה²

proper name (masc.) in Edom Breishis 36:40 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:51 Keri (Kesiv עליה), Septuagint Γωλα; SeptuagintL^Chr Αλουα.

עַלְוָן

proper name (masc.) in Edom Breishis 36:23, Septuagint Γωλων, Γωλαμ = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:40 Keri (Kesiv עלין), Septuagint Σωλαμ, A Ιωλαμ, SeptuagintL Αλουαν.

עֵלִי²

עַלְיָה

see עלוה, עלון.

עָלַל

verb Poʿēl, act arbitrarily (toward) (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, deal with (rare), and deriv.; Arabic عَلَّ do a thing (drink, beat, give) a second time, ii. divert, occupy, see divert, occupy oneself with (food, a woman, etc.); Syriac ܥܶܠܬܳܐ cause, occasion, affair);—act severely, always c. ל person: past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular עוֹלַלְתָּ לִי Eicha 1:22 as thou hast acted severely to me (in punishment, subj. י׳); לְמִי ע׳ Eicha 2:20 to whom hast thou acted thus severely? 3rd feminine singular עֵינִי עוֹלְלָה לְנַפְשִׁי Eicha 3:51 my eye deals severely with me, that is gives me pain (?; text doubtful; compare Perles^{Anal. 18} Budde). imperative (ציווי) ms. עוֹלֵל לָמוֹ Eicha 1:22 deal severely with them.—Vid. also ע׳ denom. below Pōʿal past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular מַכְאֹבִי אֲשֶׁר עוֹלַל לִי Eicha 1:12 my pain which is severely dealt out to me.

past (עבר) 1. busy, divert oneself with (compare Arabic see), always c. ב person: 1st singular אֶת־אֲשֶׁר הִתְעַלַּלְתִּי בְּ׳ Shemos 10:2 how I [י׳] have made a toy of Egypt; especially deal wantonly, ruthlessly with (ב person): 3rd masculine singular הִתְעַלֵּל Shmuel Alef 6:6; 2nd feminine singular הִתְעַלַּלְתְּ Bamidbar 22:29 (Balaam’s ass); 3rd plural וְהִתְעַלְּלוּ consec. Shmuel Alef 31:4 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 10:4; Yirmiya 38:19; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural וַיִּתְעַלְּלוּ־בָהּ Shoftim 19:25 (of abusing a woman; ‖ וַיֵּדְעוּ אֹתָהּ). Hithpōʿ. infinitive (מקור) construct לְהִתְעוֹלֵל עֲלִלוֹת Tehillim 141:4 to practise practice in wickedness (perhaps denom.).

עוֹלֵלוֹת

noun (fem.)plural intens. gleaning (going over a second time);—gleaning (of grapes and olives; לֶקֶט of grain), always figuratively of remnant: absolute ע׳ Yeshaya 17:6 (‖ כְּנֹקֶף זַיִת), Yeshaya 24:13 (simile; ‖ the same, + בָּצִיר), Yirmiya 49:9 (compare בֹּצְרִים v a) = Ovadia 1:5 (the same); construct עֹלְלֹת בָּצִיר Micha 7:1; figuratively of warlike achievement עֹלְלוֹת אֶפְרַיִם Shoftim 8:2 (opposite בָּצִיר).

עָלַל²

verb denom. Pōʿ. glean (grapes or olives; לִקֵּט of grain);—future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular תְּעוֹלֵל Vayikra 19:10 (object כֶּרֶם; ‖ תְּלַקֵּט), Devarim 24:21 (absolute, + אַחֲרֶיךָ); 3rd masculine plural figuratively (+ infinitive (מקור) absolute) עוֹלֵל יְעוֹלְלוּ כַגֶּפֶן שְׁאֵרִית יִשְׂרָאֵל Yirmiya 6:9; וַיְעֹלְלֻהוּ Shoftim 20:45 they made a gleaning of them (that is smote the fugitives).

עֲלִילָה

noun (fem.) wantonness, deed;—absolute ע׳ Tehillim 14:1; Tehillim 66:5; elsewhere plural עֲלִלוֹת Shmuel Alef 2:3 Tehillim 141:4; construct עֲלִילֹת Devarim 22:14, Devarim 22:17; with suffix עֲלִילוֹתֶיךָ Tehillim 77:13, עֲלִילוֹתָם Tzefania 3:7 +, etc.;—

wantonness, ע׳ דְּבָרִים Devarim 22:14, Devarim 22:17 wantonness of words, that is baseless charges (compare Dillmann, especially Driver).

deed:

in generally, of men Shmuel Alef 2:3.

of י׳ (only ψψ) Tehillim 9:12 = Tehillim 105:1 = Yeshaya 12:4 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:8, Tehillim 77:13 (‖ פָּעֳלֶ֑ךָ), Tehillim 78:11 (‖ נִפְלְאוֹתָיו), Tehillim 103:7; נוֹרָא ע׳ עַל Tehillim 66:5 he is terrible in deed toward, etc.

usually practices = evil deeds (especially Ez 8 times): Yechezkel 14:22, Yechezkel 14:23; Yechezkel 20:43; Yechezkel 24:14; Yechezkel 36:17, Yechezkel 36:19 (all ‖ דֶּרֶךְ), fully ע׳ הַנִּשְׁחָתוֹת Yechezkel 20:44 (‖ ד׳ הָרָעִים); Yechezkel 21:29 Tzefania 3:11; הִשְׁחִיתוּ כָּל־ע׳ v Tzefania 3:7.

עוֹלֵל²

noun (masc.) Eicha 2:19 child;—absolute עוֹלֵל Shmuel Alef 15:3 +, עוֹלָל Yirmiya 6:11; Yirmiya 9:20; usually plural עוֹלְלִים Tehillim 8:3, עֹלְלִים Iyov 3:16, עוֹלָלִים Eicha 4:4 Yoel 2:16; construct עֹלְלֵי Eicha 2:20; with suffix עֹלָלַיִךְ Tehillim 137:9, עֹלָלֶיהָ Micha 2:9 +, עֹלְלֵיהֶם Melachim Beis 8:2 +, etc.;—child Micha 2:9 Eicha 2:19, Eicha 2:20; Eicha 4:4; + יוֹנֵק (sometimes disting. from men and women), Shmuel Alef 15:3; Shmuel Alef 22:19 Tehillim 8:3 Yirmiya 44:7 Eicha 2:11 Yoel 2:16, ‖ בַּחוּרִים Yirmiya 6:11; Yirmiya 9:20; ‖ בָּנִים Tehillim 17:14 (heirs of father); dashed in pieces (רטשׁ) by for Melachim Beis 8:12; Hoshea 14:1; Nachum 3:10; Yeshaya 13:16, compare Tehillim 137:9 (נִפֵּץ); taken captive Eicha 1:5; stillborn Iyov 3:16.

עָלַל³

verb denom. act or play the child;—only Pōʿ. participle (בינוני) עַמִּי נֹגְשָׂיו מְעוֹלֵל Yeshaya 3:12 my people—its ruler is acting the child.

עָלַל⁴

verb insert, thrust in (Arabic غَلَّ whence غُلٌّ yoke; compare Old Aramaic עלל, Targum עֲלַל, Syriac ܥܰܠ, all enter);—only Pōʿ. past (עבר) 1st singular וְעֹלַלְתִּי בֶעָפָר קַרְנִי Iyov 16:15 figuratively of humiliation.

עֹל²

noun (masc.) Melachim Alef 12:4 yoke;—ע׳ absolute Hoshea 11:4 +; construct Yeshaya 9:3 +; with suffix עֻלֵּךְ Yirmiya 2:20 Yeshaya 47:6, עֻלּוֹ Breishis 27:40 +, עֻלְּכֶם Melachim Alef 12:11, etc.;—yoke, for cattle, עָלָה עֲלֵיהֶם ע׳ Shmuel Alef 6:7, compare Bamidbar 19:2, מָֽשְׁכָה בְּע׳ Devarim 21:3; usually figuratively of servitude Melachim Alef 12:4, Melachim Alef 12:10, Melachim Alef 12:11^(×2), Melachim Alef 12:14^(×2) = Divrei HaYamim Beis 10:4, Divrei HaYamim Beis 10:10, Divrei HaYamim Beis 10:11^(×2), Divrei HaYamim Beis 10:14; נָתַן ע׳ עַל Melachim Alef 12:4, Melachim Alef 12:9 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 10:4, Divrei HaYamim Beis 10:9; וְנָתַן ע׳ בַּרְזֶל עַל־צַוָּארֶ֑ךָ Devarim 28:48, so Yirmiya 28:14; עַל־זָקֵן הִכְבַּדְתְּ ע׳ Yeshaya 47:6; also אֶת־צַוָּארוֹ בְּעֹל (הֵבִיא) נָתַן Yirmiya 27:8, Yirmiya 27:11, Yirmiya 27:12; שָׁבַר ע׳ break the yoke Yirmiya 2:20; Yirmiya 5:5; Yirmiya 28:2, Yirmiya 28:4, Yirmiya 28:11; Yirmiya 30:8 (+ מֵעַל צ׳), so מֹטֹת ע׳ Vayikra 26:13, Yechezkel 34:27 (see מוֹטָה); פָּרַק ע׳ Breishis 27:40 (J; + מֵעַל צ׳); הֵחֵת ע׳ Yeshaya 9:3; compare הֵרִים ע׳ Hoshea 11:4; also יָסוּר ע׳ מֵעַל צ׳ Yeshaya 10:27, and Yeshaya 14:25; figuratively of transgressions Eicha 1:14, del. ע׳ Septuagint Vulgate Löhr Budde, but read עֹל v b (see the same); of hardship, נָשָׂא ע׳ Eicha 3:27.

עָלַם

verb conceal (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, der. spec.);—

participle (בינוני) passive עֲלֻמֵנוּ Tehillim 90:8 as noun our secret, that is hidden sin (‖ עֲוֹנֹת).

past (עבר) be concealed, of wisdom, 3rd feminine singular נֶעֶלְמָה מֵעֵינֵי Iyov 28:21; of a fact or condition, נֶעְלַם Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:2, וְנ׳ consec. Vayikra 5:2, Vayikra 5:3, Vayikra 5:4 (all c. מִן person), וְנ׳ מֵעֵינֵי Vayikra 4:13; Bamidbar 5:13 (all P); participle (בינוני)

נֶעְלָם concealed, c. הָיָה in periphrastic conjug. Melachim Alef 10:3 (מִן person); absolute כָּל־נֶעְלָם Koheles 12:14.

fs. תְּהִי נַעֲלָמָה Nachum 3:11 mayest thou become obscured (as to the senses; figuratively for swoon), but very doubtful, read perhaps נעלפה? [Driver].

plural נַעֲלָמִים Tehillim 26:4 those who conceal themselves, that is their thoughts, dissemblers (‖ מְתֵי שָׁוְא).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הֶעְלִים Melachim Beis 4:27; 3rd plural הֶעְלִימוּ Yechezkel 22:26; future (עתיד) 2 ms. תַּעְלִים Tehillim 10:1, תַּעְלֵם Eicha 3:56; 3rd masculine plural יַעְלִימוּ Vayikra 20:4, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַעְלֵם v Vayikra 20:4; participle (בינוני) מַעְלִים Iyov 42:3; Mishlei 28:27;—conceal, hide, c. מִן person Melachim Beis 4:27 (‖ לֹא הִגִּיד לִי); usually hide the eyes from (מִן), that is disregard Yeshaya 1:15; Yechezkel 22:26, הַעְלֵם יַע׳ וגו׳ Vayikra 20:4, מִן om. Mishlei 28:27; hide the eyes by (ב) a bride Shmuel Alef 12:3 (that is pervert justice, but see i. עַיִן 3 d); hide (cover) the ear Eicha 3:56 (turn a deaf ear); hide (obscure) counsel (עֵצָה) Iyov 42:3; לָמָה תַּע׳ Tehillim 10:1 why dost thou [י׳] hide, sc. thine eyes (so most), or practise concealment (= hide thyself)?

past (עבר) 2 ms. consec. וְהִתְעַלַּמְתָּ מֵהֶם Devarim 22:1, Devarim 22:4 and thou hide thyself completely from them (utterly neglect to aid), so infinitive (מקור) construct (מֵהֶם om.) לְהִתְעַלֵּם v Devarim 22:3; so also future (עתיד) c. מִן, תִּתְעַלַּם Tehillim 55:2, תִּתְעַלָּ֑ם Yeshaya 58:7; once literally יִתְעַלֶּם־שָׁ֑לֶג Iyov 6:16 wherein snow hides itself.

עַלְמוֹן

proper name (place) (compare Sabean proper name עלמן Hal¹⁹²);—priestly city in Benj. Yehoshua 21:18, Septuagint Γαμαλα, A Αλμων, SeptuagintL Ελμων; = עָלֶמֶת in ‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:45 (Septuagint Γαλεμεθ, SeptuagintL Αλαμωθ); mod. ʿAlmît, c. 1 hour NE. of Jerusalem, see Buhl^{Geogr. 175}.

עֲלָמוֹת

etc., see עַלְמָה under II. עלם.

עָלֶ֫מֶת

proper name (masc.) a Benjamite Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:36; Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:42, עָלָ֑מֶת Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:8; Septuagint Σαλαμαιθ, Γαλεμαθ, Αλαμωθ, etc.

proper name (place) (= עַלְמוֹן q.see) Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:45 Baer Ginsb (van d. H. עַלֶּמֶת).

עַלְמָה

noun (fem.) young woman (ripe sexually; maid or newly married);—ע׳ Breishis 24:43, Shemos 2:8, Mishlei 30:19 Yeshaya 7:14; plural עֲלָמוֹת Tehillim 68:26 Shir HaShirim 1:3; Shir HaShirim 6:8; עַל־עֲלָמוֹת to (the voice of) young women, either literally, or of soprano or falsetto of boys: Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:20 Tehillim 9:1 (read עַל־עֲלָמוֹת לַבֵּן [for עַל־מוּת לַבֵּן, ‘voce virginea a pueris decantandum,’ Gesenius' Thesaurus), Tehillim 46:1; Tehillim 48:15 (read עַל־עֲלָמוֹת [for עַל־מוּת]; tr. probably to Tehillim 49:1).

עוֹלָם²

noun (masc.) long duration, antiquity, futurity;—ע׳ Breishis 9:12 + 405 times; עֹלָם Breishis 3:22 + 19 times; עֵילוֹם Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:7, read probably עוֹלָם (for other explan. see note in Kittel^Haupt); with suffix עֹלָמוֹ Koheles 12:5; plural עוֹלָמִים Yeshaya 26:4 + 7 times, עֹלָמִים Tehillim 145:13 + 2 times; construct עוֹלְמֵי Yeshaya 45:17;—

of past time:

ancient time: יְמֵי ע׳ days of old Yeshaya 63:9, Yeshaya 63:11 Amos 9:11 Micha 5:1; Micha 7:14 Malachi 3:4; יְמוֹת ע׳ Devarim 32:7; עַם ע׳ Yeshaya 44:7 ancient people; גּוֹי מֵע׳ Yirmiya 5:15; חָרְבוֹת ע׳ old waste places Yeshaya 58:12 Yeshaya 61:4, compare Yechezkel 26:20 b; פִּתְחֵי ע׳ ancient gates Tehillim 24:7, Tehillim 24:9; ארח ע׳ Iyov 22:15; נתבות ע׳ Yirmiya 6:16; שְׁבִילֵי ע׳ Yirmiya 18:15; גבול ע׳ Mishlei 22:28; Mishlei 23:10; במות ע׳ Yechezkel 36:2; מִן (םֵ)ע׳ from of old Yeshaya 64:3 Yirmiya 2:20 Yoel 2:2, of the fathers Yehoshua 24:2, the prophets Yirmiya 28:8, the ancient נפלים Breishis 6:4; (Yechezkel 32:27 Septuagint Co for מערלים; but Shmuel Alef 27:8 read מִטֵּלָם for מעולם Wellhausen Driver H.P. Smith); בהם ע׳ long in them Yeshaya 64:4 (text doubtful).

מֵתֵי ע׳ the long dead Tehillim 143:3 Eicha 3:6; so עַם ע׳ Yechezkel 26:20.

of God, מֵע׳: former acts Yeshaya 46:9; as redeemer Yeshaya 63:16; of love Tehillim 25:6, judgment Tehillim 119:52, dominion Yeshaya 63:19; long silence Yeshaya 42:14; Yeshaya 57:11*; his wisdom personif. Mishlei 8:23; his existence Tehillim 93:2.

of things: גבעות ע׳ ancient hills Breishis 49:26, Chavakuk 3:6 (‖ הררי־עד), Devarim 33:15 (‖ הררי קדם).

plural שְׁנוֹת עולמים Tehillim 77:6 years of ancient times; דורות עולמים Yeshaya 51:9; לעלמים Koheles 1:10 in olden times.

indef. futurity, c. preposition for ever, always (sometimes = during the lifetime); עֶבֶד עולם slave for ever Devarim 15:17; Shmuel Alef 27:12; Iyov 40:28; עָבַד לע׳ serve for ever Shemos 21:6, Vayikra 25:46; עד ע׳ Shmuel Alef 1:22; גְּאֻלַּת ע׳ Vayikra 25:32 redemption at any time; הֲרַת ע׳ Yirmiya 20:17 ever pregnant (womb); כְּלִמַּת ע׳ v Yirmiya 20:11 of persecutors of Jeremiah; חרפת ע׳ Yirmiya 23:40; שַׁלְוֵי ע׳ Tehillim 73:12 alway at ease; יְחִי לע׳ (יחיה) may the king live always Melachim Alef 1:31; Nechemia 2:3; compare אֹרֶךְ יָמִים עולם ועד Tehillim 21:5; ישׁב עולם לפני אלהים Tehillim 61:8; so of the pious, לע׳ לא ימוט Tehillim 15:5; בל ימוט Mishlei 10:30, compare Tehillim 30:7; other phr.: Tehillim 37:27, Tehillim 37:28 Tehillim 41:13; Tehillim 55:23; Tehillim 61:8; Tehillim 73:26; Tehillim 121:8 Mishlei 10:25; ע׳ אשׁירה Tehillim 89:2 I will sing for ever (as long as I live), compare Tehillim 52:10; Tehillim 115:18; Tehillim 145:1, Tehillim 145:2; הוֹדה לע׳ Tehillim 30:13; Tehillim 44:9; Tehillim 52:11; Tehillim 79:13; other emotions and activities continuous through life Tehillim 5:12; Tehillim 31:2 = Tehillim 71:1, Tehillim 75:10; Tehillim 86:12; Tehillim 119:44, Tehillim 119:93, Tehillim 119:98, Tehillim 119:111, Tehillim 119:112 Micha 4:5, compare לע׳ Micha 2:9.

= continuous existence, (1) of things: the earth, הָאָרֶץ לְעוֹלָם עֹמֶדֶת Koheles 1:4; other phr.: Tehillim 78:69; Tehillim 104:5, heavens and contents Tehillim 148:6, ruined cities Yeshaya 25:2; Yeshaya 32:14 Yechezkel 26:21; Yechezkel 27:36; Yechezkel 28:19, ruined lands Yirmiya 18:16; Yirmiya 25:9, Yirmiya 25:12; Yirmiya 49:13, Yirmiya 49:33; Yirmiya 51:26, Yirmiya 51:62 Yechezkel 35:9 Tzefania 2:9; לעד עד ע׳ Yeshaya 30:8 for a witness for ever, in a book; (2) of nations: לעולם אהיה Yeshaya 47:7 (Babylon loqu.), compare Tehillim 81:16 Ovadia 1:10; ישׁב לע׳ of Judah Yoel 4:20; (3) families Tehillim 49:12 Yeshaya 14:20; the dynasty of Saul Shmuel Alef 13:13; house of Eli Shmuel Alef 2:30; (4) national relations: איבת ע׳ continual enmity Yechezkel 25:15; Yechezkel 35:5; of exclusion from קהל י׳, עד ע׳ Devarim 23:4 = Nechemia 13:1; various relations Yeshaya 32:17; Yeshaya 34:10; חרפת ע׳ perpetual reproach Tehillim 78:66, of dynasty of David Shmuel Beis 3:28; Shmuel Beis 12:10 Melachim Alef 2:33, families v Melachim Alef 2:33 Melachim Beis 5:27 Tehillim 106:31 Yirmiya 35:6.

of divine existence: אל עולם Breishis 21:33; אלהי ע׳ Yeshaya 40:28; חי אנכי לע׳ Devarim 32:40; חֵי הע׳ Daniel 12:7; of divine name, זה שׁמי לְע׳ Shemos 3:15, compare Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:7 (see above); blessing and praise of it Shmuel Beis 7:26 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 17:24, Tehillim 72:19; Tehillim 135:13; of י׳ himself Tehillim 89:53; attributes, אהבה Yirmiya 31:3 Melachim Alef 10:9; חסד Yeshaya 54:8 Tehillim 89:2; Tehillim 138:8; לע׳ חַסְדּוֹ Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:34, Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:41 Divrei HaYamim Beis 5:13; Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:3, Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:6; Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:21 Ezra 3:11 Tehillim 100:5; Tehillim 106:1; Tehillim 107:1; Tehillim 118:1, Tehillim 118:2, Tehillim 118:3, Tehillim 118:4, Tehillim 118:29; Tehillim 136:1 + 25 times, Yirmiya 33:11; כבוד Tehillim 104:31; אמת Tehillim 117:2; Tehillim 146:6; צדק Tehillim 119:142; עצה Tehillim 33:11; reign Shemos 15:18, Tehillim 10:16; Tehillim 66:7; Tehillim 92:9; Tehillim 146:10 Yirmiya 10:10 Micha 4:7; יהוה לע׳ ישׁב Tehillim 9:8; Tehillim 29:10; Tehillim 102:13 Eicha 5:19; presence in Zion Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:25; Yeshaya 33:14; Yeshaya 60:19, Yeshaya 60:20 Yechezkel 37:28; Yechezkel 43:7, Yechezkel 43:9; his salvation Yeshaya 51:6, Yeshaya 51:8; זרעת ע׳ Devarim 33:27 everlasting arms; כל אשׁר יעשׂה האלהים יהיה לע׳ Koheles 3:14.

of God’s covenant: בְּרִית ע׳ everlasting covenant Breishis 9:16; Breishis 17:7, Breishis 17:13, Breishis 17:19 Shemos 31:16 Vayikra 24:8 Bamidbar 18:19 (all P), Shmuel Beis 23:5; Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:17 = Tehillim 105:10, Yeshaya 24:5; Yeshaya 55:3; Yeshaya 61:8 Yirmiya 32:40; Yirmiya 50:5; Yechezkel 16:60; Yechezkel 37:26; covenant with Noah, לְדֹרֹת ע׳ Breishis 9:12; God remembers it Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:15 = Tehillim 105:8, Tehillim 111:5; will not break it, לע׳ Shoftim 2:1; אוֹת ע׳ Shemos 31:17; אוֹת עד ע׳ Devarim 28:46.

of God’s laws: דבר(ים) Yeshaya 59:21 Tehillim 119:89; משׁפט Tehillim 119:160; עדות v Tehillim 119:144, Tehillim 119:152; חק ע׳ Shemos 29:28; Shemos 30:21, Vayikra 6:11, Vayikra 6:15; Vayikra 7:34; Vayikra 10:15; Vayikra 24:9 Bamidbar 18:8, Bamidbar 18:11, Bamidbar 18:19, also Yirmiya 5:22 (of bounds of sea); חק עד ע׳ Shemos 12:24, חֻקַּת ע׳ v Shemos 12:14, Shemos 12:17; Shemos 27:21; Shemos 28:43; Shemos 29:9 Vayikra 3:17; Vayikra 7:36; Vayikra 10:9; Vayikra 16:29, Vayikra 16:31, Vayikra 16:34; Vayikra 17:7; Vayikra 23:14, Vayikra 23:21, Vayikra 23:31, Vayikra 23:41; Vayikra 24:3, Vayikra 24:8; Bamidbar 10:8; Bamidbar 15:15; Bamidbar 18:23; Bamidbar 19:10, Bamidbar 19:21 (most of these in fact specif. Jewish and temporary); temple to bear God’s name, עד ע׳ Melachim Alef 9:3 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:16; לע׳ Melachim Beis 21:7 Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:4; consecrated לע׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:8; its ceremonies לע׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:3; Levit. priesthood, לשׁרתו עד ע׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:2; Aaronic priesthood, לברך בשׁמי עד ע׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:13^(×2).

of God’s promises: his word, יקום לע׳ Yeshaya 40:8; promised dynasty of David, עד (ה)ע׳ Shmuel Beis 7:13, Shmuel Beis 7:16^(×2), Shmuel Beis 7:25 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 17:12, Divrei HaYamim Alef 17:14^(×2), Divrei HaYamim Alef 17:23 Tehillim 18:51 = Shmuel Beis 22:51; Melachim Alef 2:33, Melachim Alef 2:45 Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:10 Tehillim 89:5; לע׳ Melachim Alef 9:5; Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:4, Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:7; Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:5 Tehillim 89:29, Tehillim 89:37 Shmuel Beis 7:29^(×2) = Divrei HaYamim Alef 17:27^(×2); of holy land Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:8, אֲחֻזַּת ע׳ Breishis 17:8; Breishis 48:4 Vayikra 25:34; given לע׳ Shemos 32:13 Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:7; עד ע׳ Breishis 13:15, inherited לע׳ Yeshaya 60:21 Tehillim 37:18; עד ע׳ Yeshaya 34:17; dwelt in עד ע׳ Yechezkel 37:25; other blessings, לע׳ Devarim 5:26 Hoshea 2:21; עד ע׳ Devarim 12:28; Shmuel Beis 7:24 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 17:22, Tehillim 133:3; שִׂמְחַת ע׳ Yeshaya 35:10; Yeshaya 51:11; Yeshaya 61:7; דֶּרֶךְ ע׳ Tehillim 139:24; שׁם ע׳ Yeshaya 56:5; Yeshaya 63:12; אות ע׳ Yeshaya 55:13; גאון ע׳ Yeshaya 60:15; Jerus. to abide לע׳ Yirmiya 17:25 Tehillim 125:1, compare Yirmiya 31:40; עד ע׳ Tehillim 48:9.

of relations between God and his people, לע׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:18 Tehillim 45:18; Tehillim 85:6; Tehillim 103:9; Tehillim 145:21; Yeshaya 57:16; Yirmiya 3:5, Yirmiya 3:12; Eicha 3:31; Yoel 2:26, Yoel 2:27; עד (ה)ע׳ Tehillim 28:9 Malachi 1:4.

of Messianic dynasty and king: (ל)ע׳ Tehillim 110:4; having divine throne Tehillim 45:7; name endures Tehillim 72:17; established Tehillim 89:38; God blesses him Tehillim 45:3; of his reign, מעתה ועד ע׳ Yeshaya 9:6.

= indefinite, unending future: live לע׳ Breishis 3:22; Iyov 7:16; הנביאים הלע׳ יִחְיוּ Zecharia 1:5 the prophets, can they live for ever? compare חדל לע׳ Tehillim 49:9; c. neg. never Ezra 9:12; Mishlei 27:24.

after death: שׁנת ע׳ Yirmiya 51:39, Yirmiya 51:57; בית ע׳ Koheles 12:5; חַיֵּי ע׳ Daniel 12:2; דראון ע׳ v Daniel 12:2; also v Daniel 12:3 Yonah 2:7; Koheles 2:16; Koheles 9:6.

= age (duration) of the world: את העלם נתן בְּלִבָּם Koheles 3:11 the age of the world he hath set, etc. (compare especially Mishnaic Hebrew; others i).

plural intens. everlastingness, eternity: תשׁועת עולמים Yeshaya 45:17; צדק עלמים Daniel 9:24; צור עולמים Yeshaya 26:4 (Revised Version margin rock of ages); מלכוּת כל עלמים Tehillim 145:13; also Tehillim 61:5; Tehillim 77:8; Melachim Alef 8:13 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:2.

special phr.: מ(ה)עולם (ו)עד (ה)עולם (מן) from everlasting to everlasting, of י׳ Tehillim 90:2, חסד י׳ Tehillim 103:17; benedictions Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:36 = Tehillim 106:48, Nechemia 9:5; Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:10 Tehillim 41:14; the land given למן עולם ועד עולם Yirmiya 7:7; Yirmiya 25:5; מעתה ועד עולם from now and for ever Tehillim 115:18; Tehillim 121:8 (that is as long as one lives); of people’s hope in God Tehillim 131:3; dynasty of David Yeshaya 9:6; of God’s acts, words, etc. Micha 4:7; Yeshaya 59:21 Tehillim 125:2, compare Tehillim 113:2;—see further i. עַד p. 723.

עֲלָמוֹת²

see עַלְמָה, II. עלם.

עָלַף

verb cover (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, cover, faint; Arabic غَلَفَ smear, ii. cover, غِلَافٌ sheath; Assyrian elpitu, pining, exhaustion);—

participle (בינוני) f. covered, encrusted, construct מְעֻלֶּפֶת Shir HaShirim 5:14 his belly of ivory encrusted with sapphires. past (עבר) 3rd plural בָּנַיִךְ עֻלְּפוּ Yeshaya 51:20 thy sons are enshrouded, enwrapped, that is their senses obscured = have swooned away; so also Yechezkel 31:15, reading 3rd feminine singular עֻלָּ֑פָה for noun עֻלְפֶּה (Konig^{ii. 1, 113}), all the trees have fainted for (עַל) him (so Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate Hitzig Co and elsewhere).

enwrap oneself, future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular וַתִּתְעַלָּ֑ף Breishis 38:14; = swoon away, 3rd masculine singular וַיִּתְעַלָּ֑ף Yonah 4:8; Yonah 4:3 fpl. תִּתְעַלַּפְנָה Amos 8:13.

עֻלְפֶּה

Yechezkel 31:15 see foregoing.

עָלַץ

verb rejoice, exult (Mishnaic Hebrew the same (rare); Hiph. future (עתיד) יעליצו Ecclus 4:20; Assyrian elêṣu, exult; Sabean מעלץ joys CIS ^{iv, Noldeke. 197, 1. 5. 7}; see also עלז, עלס);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ע׳ לִבִּ׳ בְּי׳ Shmuel Alef 2:1 my heart exulteth in י׳; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַעֲלֹץ הַשָּׂדֶה Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:32 the field exulteth; compare 3rd feminine singular תַּעֲלֹץ קִרְיָה Mishlei 11:10 (‖ רנן); 1st singular אֶעֶלְצָה בָּ֑ךְ Tehillim 9:3 (that is in י׳; + שׂמה, ‖ זמּר); 3rd masculine plural יַעְלְצוּ בְךָ Tehillim 5:12 (in י׳; ‖ שׂמח, רנן); יַעַלְצוּ לִפְנֵי אֱלֹהִים Tehillim 68:4 (+ שׂמח, ‖ שׂישׂ); + לִי Tehillim 25:2 exult at me; infinitive (מקור) construct בַּעֲלֹץ Mishlei 28:12 when the righteous exult.

עֹלָ֫תָה

Iyov 5:16 etc., see עַוְלָה under עָוַל.

עַם

see under I. עמם.

עָמַד

take one’s stand, stand (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Phoenician עמד; Assyrian emêdu, stand, set up; Arabic عَمَدَ prop up, support, and deriv.; Ethiopic ዐምድ: pillar; Targum עַמּוּדָא pillar, Syriac ܥܰܡܽܘܕܳܐ, Palmyrene עמודא, compare also proper name תימעמד; Sabean עמד pillar, according to CIS^{iv. 91} (or other deriv. from √ עמד D.H. Müller^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 5}), plural אעמדן pillars D.H. Müller^{Epigr. Denkm. aus Abess. 80});—

past (עבר) ע׳ Breishis 19:27 +, 3rd feminine singular עָֽמְדָה Melachim Beis 13:6 +, etc.; future (עתיד) יַעֲמֹד Shemos 21:21, יַעֲמוֹד Nachum 1:6 +, יַעֲמָד־ Shmuel Alef 16:22 +; 1st singular אֶעֱמֹ֑דָה Chavakuk 2:1, וָאֶעֱמֹד Shmuel Beis 1:10; 3rd masculine plural יַעַמְדוּ Yirmiya 32:14 +, יַעֲמֹ֑דוּ Yechezkel 1:21 +; f. יַעֲמֹדְנָה Daniel 8:22; 2nd masculine plural וַתַּעַמְדוּן Devarim 4:11, etc.; imperative (ציווי) עֲמֹד Shmuel Alef 9:27 +, עֲמָד־ Shmuel Beis 1:9; fs. עִמְדִי Yeshaya 47:12; Yirmiya 48:19, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute עָמֹד Esther 9:16; construct עֲמֹד Shemos 18:23 +, with suffix עָמְדִי Yirmiya 18:20, עֲמָדְךָ Ovadia 1:11, etc.; participle (בינוני) עֹמֵד Yeshaya 3:13 +, f. עֹמֶ֫דֶת Chaggai 2:5 +, etc.;—

stand, be in a standing attitude: c. עַל by, Shmuel Alef 26:13; Shmuel Beis 2:25; Melachim Beis 2:7 +, so pt. Breishis 18:8, Breishis 41:1, Breishis 41:17 +, עַל on, Shemos 3:5, Devarim 27:12 +; c. ב location Shemos 32:26; Bamidbar 22:24, Bamidbar 22:26 (all ), +; c. אֶל location Melachim Alef 20:38 (+ לְ person), Yirmiya 48:19; Yechezkel 21:26; Yechezkel 27:29; c. אֶל person Shmuel Alef 17:51; Melachim Beis 5:25; c. אֵצֶל Breishis 41:3, Yechezkel 9:2; Yechezkel 10:6; Nechemia 8:4; c. לִפְנֵי Breishis 18:22; Melachim Alef 3:16; Melachim Alef 8:22 +; before י׳, for intercession Breishis 19:27, Devarim 4:10; Yirmiya 15:1; Yirmiya 18:20, etc.; take one’s stand and do a thing Shmuel Alef 17:8; Melachim Alef 8:55; Melachim Beis 18:28 = Yeshaya 36:13 +; followed by inf. Melachim Alef 8:11 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 5:14 +.

stand forth (to speak, etc.) Melachim Beis 10:9 +.

take a stand against (עַל), in opposition to, Shoftim 6:31; Ezra 10:15 (but stand over, = have charge of, according to Kue^{Gesenius. Abh. 247 f.}) Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:18; compare עַל־דַּם Vayikra 19:16 against the blood of, that is seek one’s blood, life; c. יָ֑חַד Yeshaya 50:8 together, that is against each other.

present oneself before (לִפְנֵי) Breishis 43:15, Shemos 9:10, Bamidbar 27:2, Bamidbar 27:21, Shmuel Alef 16:21 +; before י׳ (in sanctuary) Devarim 19:17; Yirmiya 7:10 compare Yirmiya 18:20 Vayikra 9:5; so in heaven Melachim Alef 22:21 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:20; c. ב location of child at birth Hoshea 13:13, in palace (as retainer, courtier) Daniel 1:4.

c. לִפְנֵי attend upon, be (come) servant of Shmuel Alef 16:22 (see Driver), Melachim Alef 1:2 +; servant of י׳ Melachim Alef 17:1; Melachim Alef 18:15 Melachim Beis 3:14; Melachim Beis 5:16 Yirmiya 15:19; priests (לְשָֽׁרְתוֹ) לִפְנֵי י׳ Devarim 10:8; Shoftim 20:28; Yechezkel 44:15; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:11; of Levites, stand before congreg. for menial duties Yechezkel 44:11; Bamidbar 16:9.

stand afar מֵרָחוֹק Shemos 20:15, Shemos 20:18, Yeshaya 59:14 Tehillim 38:12, בְּר׳ Tehillim 10:1; מִנֶּגֶד מֵר׳ Melachim Beis 2:7; stand aloof, מִנֶּגֶד Ovadia 1:11 Tehillim 38:12.

stand (silent) Iyov 32:16.

stand (appealingly) Iyov 30:20 (but read עָמַדְתָּ, of God, Me Hitzig Duhm).

stand, subj. רֶגֶל Zecharia 14:4 (עַל location), Tehillim 122:2 (ב location) so Tehillim 26:12 (figuratively).

stand, of water, עַל־הָרִים Tehillim 104:6. Vid. also preps. אֶל, אֵצֶל, עַל, מִמַּעַל, עִם, etc.

stand still, stop, cease moving, of moon Yehoshua 10:13 (‖ וַיִּדֹּם), sun v Yehoshua 10:13, both, Chavakuk 3:11; of person Shmuel Alef 9:27 (opposite עָבַר), Shmuel Beis 2:28 (opposite רָדַף), עִמְדוּ עֲמֹ֫דוּ Nachum 2:9 +; stop flowing (of oil) Melachim Beis 4:6; remain standing, c. תַּחְתֵּינוּ Shoftim 7:21; Shmuel Alef 14:9 etc.; of eruption in skin = remain unchanged Vayikra 13:23, Vayikra 13:28; so (without ת׳) Vayikra 13:5, Vayikra 13:37 (all P).

= be inactive Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:17 (opposite לְהִלָּחֵם, + הִתְיַצְּבוּ).

= be attentive Iyov 37:14.

stop, cease doing a thing Melachim Beis 13:18; c. מִן Breishis 29:35; Breishis 30:9 (both J), Yonah 1:15.

tarry, delay Breishis 45:9, Yehoshua 10:19 (opposite רָדַף), Shmuel Alef 20:38 (opposite מְהֵרָה, חוּשָׁה), +.

remain, c. ב location Melachim Beis 15:20; Devarim 10:10; c. עִמָּדִי Devarim 5:25 (opposite שׁוּב); + inf. purpose Esther 7:7.

continue, abide Vayikra 13:5; Yirmiya 32:14; Yeshaya 66:22 Tehillim 102:27 Koheles 2:9; = dwell Shemos 8:18 (J; עַל location); לָעַד Tehillim 19:10; Tehillim 111:3, Tehillim 111:10; Tehillim 112:3, Tehillim 112:9; לְעוֹלָם Tehillim 33:11 Koheles 1:4; בְּתוֹךְ Chaggai 2:5; of plan = be established Tehillim 33:11 (earlier קוּם, as Yeshaya 14:24), so Esther 3:4; Daniel 11:17 b; = maintain itself (earlier קוּם Yehoshua 2:11) Koheles 2:9; לֹא יַעֲמָד־בִּי כֹחַ Daniel 10:17.

endure Shemos 18:23, Yechezkel 22:14 (‖ חָזַק).

be steadfast Devarim 25:8; Rus 2:7.

persist Koheles 8:3.

make a stand, hold one’s ground, Amos 2:15; Melachim Beis 10:4; Malachi 3:2 +; c. לִפְנֵי Shoftim 2:14; Melachim Beis 10:4; Esther 9:2 +, בִּפְנֵי Yehoshua 10:8; Yehoshua 21:44 (Ginsb; van d. H. Baer v Yehoshua 21:42), Yehoshua 23:9 (all D); c. עַל, for one’s life Esther 8:11; Esther 9:16.

stand upright:

remain standing Melachim Beis 13:6; of head Melachim Beis 6:31 remain upright upon him (עָלָיו); of house (figuratively of endurance) Iyov 8:15, Mishlei 12:7.

stand up, opposite sit, Nechemia 8:5; Iyov 29:8 (+ קוּם); opposite lie prostrate Yechezkel 2:1 (עַל־רַגְלֶיךָ), so Yechezkel 37:10 (the same), Daniel 10:11, v Daniel 10:11 (עַל־עָמְדֶ֑ךָ), Esther 8:4; of revival after death Daniel 12:13 (late for קוּם).

stand up, rise, of water Yehoshua 3:13 (+ apposs. נֵד אֶחָד), v Yehoshua 3:16 (+ קָמוּ + the same; both ).

be erect, upright, of boards Shemos 26:15; Shemos 36:20.

arise, appear, come on the scene (= קוּם; late) Ezra 2:63 = Nechemia 7:64, Tehillim 106:30 (compare Ecclus 47:1, 12), especially Daniel 8:22^(×2), Daniel 8:23; Daniel 11:2, Daniel 11:3, Daniel 11:4; Daniel 12:1, compare Daniel 11:7 (כַּנּוֹ), v Daniel 11:20, Daniel 11:21 (עַל־כַּנּוֹ); c. תַּחַת instead of Koheles 4:15; of war Divrei HaYamim Alef 20:4, deliverance Esther 4:14.

stand forth, appear = come into being Yeshaya 48:13 Tehillim 33:9; Tehillim 119:90.

rise up as foe (earlier קום Amos 7:9; Breishis 4:8), c. עַל against Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:1; Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:23; Daniel 8:25; Daniel 11:14, c. לְנֶגְדִּי against Daniel 10:13.

rare usages are:

ע׳ אֶת־ stand with, as attendant, servitor Breishis 45:1, Bamidbar 1:5.

take one’s stand in covenant, בַּבְּרִית Melachim Beis 23:3.

stand עַל־חֶרֶב Yechezkel 33:26 (resort to the sword).

stand בְּסוֹד י׳ Yirmiya 23:18, Yirmiya 23:22 (see סוֹד).

be appointed Ezra 10:14.

stand before (לִפְנֵי) beast Vayikra 18:23 (carnal intercourse)

grow flat, insipid (Giesebrecht), taste of wine Yirmiya 48:11 (figuratively of Moab), or remain unchanged (so most, in that case compare 3 b).—עָמְדִי Daniel 11:1 is crpt., read probably עָמַדְתִּי, or עָמַד (מִיכָאֵל subj.), join then to Daniel 10:21 and del. Daniel 11:1; so Bev Behrm Marti^Kau.

(compare Driver^{Intr. (6) 535}) past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הֶעֱמִיד Melachim Alef 12:32 +, 2nd masculine singular הֶעֱמַדְתָּה Tehillim 30:8, וְהַעֲמַדְתָּ֫ Bamidbar 3:6 +, etc.; future (עתיד) יַעֲמִיד Mishlei 29:4 +, וַיַּעֲמֵד Melachim Beis 8:1 +; 3rd feminine singular with suffix וַתַּעֲמִדֵנִי Yechezkel 2:2; Yechezkel 3:24, 1st plural וַנַּעֲמִיד Nechemia 4:3, etc.; imperative (ציווי) הַעֲמֵד Yeshaya 21:6; with suffix הַעֲמִידֶהָ Yechezkel 24:11; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַעֲמֵיד Nechemia 7:3; construct הַעֲמִיד Melachim Alef 15:4 +; participle (בינוני) מַעֲמִיד Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:34 (but seeHoph.);—

station, set, with a direct object Shoftim 16:25 (בֵּין); for duty Bamidbar 11:24 (E; סְבִיבֹת), Melachim Alef 12:32 (ב location), Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:5 (the same), Nechemia 13:11 (עַל־עָמְדָם), Yeshaya 21:6 + (Nechemia 4:7 read perhaps Qal, so Perles^{Anal. 65}), c. עַל against Nechemia 4:3.

cause to stand firm Tehillim 18:34 = Shmuel Beis 22:34 (c. עַל location); maintain (opposite overthrow) Shemos 9:16, Melachim Alef 15:4, compare Mishlei 29:4.

cause to stand up, set up, erect, with a direct object + עַל־רַגְלַי Yechezkel 2:2; Yechezkel 3:24, so עַל־עָמְדִי Daniel 8:18; temple Ezra 2:68 (על location), compare Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:13 (על location, of repairs); especially doors Nechemia 3:1 + 7 times Ne; Asherim Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:19, compare Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:14.

+ לִפְנֵי present one before king Breishis 47:7, י׳ (in sanctuary) Vayikra 14:11 + 3 times P, + (of goat) Vayikra 16:7, priest Vayikra 27:8 + 4 times P, + (of beast) Vayikra 27:11.

appoint Nechemia 7:3; Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:17 + (late); c. עַל over Nechemia 13:9 +, c. inf. purpose Nechemia 6:7 +, c. 2 direct object Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:16; = assign (land) to (ל) Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:8 (‖ Melachim Beis 21:8 נָתַן); appoint courses of priests Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:14; Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:2, compare Nechemia 13:30; ordain commandments, עַל person Nechemia 10:33, compare Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:5; establish עַד־הָעוֹלָם Divrei HaYamim Alef 17:14 (ב location), compare Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:8 Tehillim 148:6; with a direct object of covenant Tehillim 105:10 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:17 (ל person + ל rei); c. חָזוֹן vision Daniel 11:14 (= fulfil, earlier הֵקִים).

other meanings:

ע׳ אֶת־פָּנָיו Melachim Beis 8:11 have a fixed look.

with a direct object רַגְלַי + ב location Tehillim 31:9 (figuratively).

make to stand (in a covt.; see ‖ Melachim Beis 23:3) Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:32.

restore waste places Ezra 9:9.

+ לְפָנֶיהָ Esther 4:5, that is make servant to.

cause wind to arise Tehillim 107:25.

= raise an army Daniel 11:11, Daniel 11:13.—Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:34 see Hoph.; Tehillim 30:8 see עֹז; Yechezkel 29:7 see מָעַד.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָעֳמַד־ Vayikra 16:10 be presented (of goat), + לִפְנֵי י׳; participle (בינוני) הָיָה מָעֳמָד Melachim Alef 22:35 he was caused to stand, that is propped up, in (ב) his chariot, so read also ‖ Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:34 (as Septuagint), for Masoretic Text מַעֲמִיד.—On past (עבר) הָעֳמַדְתִּי see עֹז Tehillim 30:8.

עַמּוּד

noun (masc.) Melachim Alef 7:15 pillar, column;—עַמּוּד absolute Melachim Alef 7:15 +, construct Shemos 13:21 +; עַמֻּד absolute Yirmiya 52:21, construct Bamidbar 14:14; with suffix עַמּוּדוֹ Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:13; plural עַמּוּדִים Melachim Alef 7:16 +, less often עַמֻּ׳ v Melachim Alef 7:21 +; construct עַמּוּדֵי Shemos 26:32 + less often עַמֻּ׳ Shemos 38:17 +; with suffix עַמּוּדָיו Shemos 36:38 +, עַמֻּדָיו Shemos 27:10 +, etc.;—

pillar, supporting house Shoftim 16:25, Shoftim 16:26, Shoftim 16:29; pillars in tabern. Shemos 27:10, Shemos 27:11, Shemos 27:17; Shemos 36:38; Bamidbar 3:37 + 27 times Ex Nu, + עַמּוּדֵי שִׁטִּים pillars of acacia wood Shemos 26:32, Shemos 26:37; Shemos 36:36; pillars in Sol.’s palace Melachim Alef 7:2, Melachim Alef 7:3, Melachim Alef 7:6, אוּלָם הָע׳ v Melachim Alef 7:6, עַמּוּדֵי אֲרָזִים v Melachim Alef 7:2 pillars of cedar; in Ezek.’s temple Yechezkel 42:6^(×2); ע׳ שֵׁשׁ Esther 1:6 (in palace), Shir HaShirim 5:15 (simile).

two bronze pillars—Melachim Alef 7:15; Melachim Beis 25:13 = Yirmiya 52:17—before temple Melachim Alef 7:15^(×2) + 14 times Melachim Alef 7, + Melachim Beis 25:16, Melachim Beis 25:17^(×2) = Yirmiya 52:20, Yirmiya 52:21^(×2), Yirmiya 27:19; Divrei HaYamim Alef 18:8; Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:15, Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:16, Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:17 + 4 times Divrei HaYamim Beis 4; perhaps one was הָע׳ by which king stood in temple Melachim Beis 11:14 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:13; Melachim Beis 23:3; > ע׳ here = standing-place, platform Gesenius' Thesaurus and elsewhere; two pillars bef. Ezek.’s temple Yechezkel 40:49.

columns, uprights, of silver Shir HaShirim 3:10 (litter).

ע׳ עָשָׁן Shoftim 20:40 column of smoke: ע׳ (הֶ)עָנָן Shemos 13:21, Shemos 13:22 + 6 times hence Nechemia 9:12, Nechemia 9:19 Tehillim 99:7; ‖ ע׳ (הָ)אֵשׁ Shemos 13:21, Shemos 13:22, Bamidbar 14:14, Nechemia 9:12, Nechemia 9:19; ע׳ אֵשׁ וְעָנָן Shemos 14:24, all of the theoph at time of Exodus.

ע׳ בַּרְזֶל Yirmiya 1:18 (figuratively of proph.).

poet. of pillars of earth Iyov 9:5 Tehillim 75:4, of heaven Iyov 26:11.

of wisdom’s house Mishlei 9:1.

עַמִּיאֵל

and similar proper name see under I. עמם.

עָמַל

verb labour, toil (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic عَمِلَ labour, make; Sabean עמל work (? n. or verb) CIS ^{iv. Noldeke. 250}; Aramaic עֲמַל, ܥܡܰܠ; Zinj. עמל; Assyrian nîmelu, gain, possessions);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ע׳ Koheles 2:21; 3rd feminine singular עָֽמְלָה Mishlei 16:26; 2nd masculine singular עָמַלְתָּ Yonah 4:10; 1st singular עָמַלְתִּי Koheles 2:11 + 2 times; plural עָֽמְלוּ Tehillim 127:1; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַעֲמֹל Koheles 1:3 + 3 times;—labour (very late): in building, c. בְּ Tehillim 127:1; tillage, c. בְּ Yonah 4:10; generally, c. בְּ Koheles 2:21, c. לְ Mishlei 16:26; Koheles 5:15, c. לְ + inf. Koheles 8:17; עֲמָלוֹ שֶׁיַּעֲמֹל Koheles 1:3; Koheles 5:17, compare Koheles 2:11, Koheles 2:19, Shemos 2:20.

עָמָל

noun (masc.) ^{Iyov 4:8} f. Koheles 10:15 (against Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 113}, see Konig^{Synt. § 249 m}) trouble, labour, toil (on this form as abstr. see Lagarde^{BN 143} Barth^{NB 105});—ע׳ Bamidbar 23:21 +; construct עֲמַל Shoftim 10:16 +; with suffix עֲמָלִי Breishis 41:51 +, etc.;—

trouble (‖ sorrow): one’s own suffering, עָמָל וְיָגוֹן Yirmiya 20:18; ע׳ וָכַעַם Tehillim 10:14; עֳנִי וע׳ Devarim 26:7 Tehillim 25:18; ע׳ וָאָ֑וֶן Tehillim 90:10; ‖ אָוֶן Bamidbar 23:21; Iyov 5:6; ‖ שָֽׁוְא Iyov 7:3; ע׳ נפשׁו Yeshaya 53:11; ע׳ בְּעֵינָ֑י Tehillim 73:16; וַיַּסְתֵּר ע׳ מֵעֵינָ֑י Iyov 3:10; מְנַחֲמֵי ע׳ Iyov 16:2; אדם לע׳ יוּלָּד Iyov 5:7; בע׳ אנושׁ אינימוֹ Tehillim 73:5; שׁכח ע׳ Iyov 11:16; נַשַּׁנִי ע׳ Breishis 41:51; ע׳ לא זכר Mishlei 31:7; תקצר נפשׁו בע׳ Shoftim 10:16.

trouble, mischief, as done to others: ‖ שֹׁד Mishlei 24:2; יֹצֵר ע׳ Tehillim 94:20; ‖ רָע Chavakuk 1:13; יָשׁוּב ע׳ בְרֹאשׁוֹ Tehillim 7:17; ע׳ וָאָ֑וֶן Tehillim 10:7; און וע׳ Tehillim 55:11; ‖ אָוֶן Yeshaya 10:1; Yeshaya 59:4; Chavakuk 1:3 Tehillim 7:15; Iyov 4:8; Iyov 15:35; עֲמַל שְׂפָתֵימוֹ Tehillim 140:10 mischief of their lips.

toil, labour (late in Hebrew): Koheles 2:10^(×2), Koheles 2:21, Koheles 2:24; Koheles 3:13; Koheles 4:4, Koheles 4:6, Koheles 4:8, Koheles 4:9; Koheles 5:14, Koheles 5:18; Koheles 6:7; Koheles 8:15; Koheles 10:15; c. עָמַל (q.see) Koheles 1:3; Koheles 2:11, Koheles 2:19, Koheles 2:20; Koheles 5:17; עָמֵל (שְׁהוּא) ע׳ שֶׁאֲנִי Koheles 2:18, Koheles 2:22; ע׳ אֲשֶׁר עָמֵל Koheles 9:9; = fruit of labour, ע׳ לְאֻמִּים יִירָ֑שׁוּ Tehillim 105:44; וַיַּכְנַע בע׳ לִבָּם Tehillim 107:12 he humbled their mind by toil.

עָמָל²

proper name (masc.) name in Asher Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:35, Septuagint Αμαα, SeptuagintL Αλαμ.

עָמֵל

noun (masc.) ^{Mishlei 16:26} labourer, sufferer;—ע׳ Mishlei 16:26 + 2 times; plural עֲמֵלִים Shoftim 5:26;—

labourer, workman: Shoftim 5:26 Mishlei 16:26.

sufferer, Iyov 3:20 (‖ מָרֵי נֶפֶשׁ), Iyov 20:22.

עָמֵל²

adjective verb. toiling, only Ec, as pred.;—Koheles 2:18, Koheles 2:22; Koheles 3:9; Koheles 4:8; Koheles 9:9.

עֲמָלֵק

proper namegent. Amalek (on—ָ see Lagarde^{BN 162} Barth^{NB 160});—ancient people Bamidbar 24:20^(×2), S. of Canaan—in Negeb Bamidbar 13:29 (all ), fierce and warlike Bedawin (compare G.A. Smith^{Geogr. 282} G.F. Moore Shoftim 6:3, Shoftim 6:33), foes of Isr. during Exodus Shemos 17:8 + 6 times Shemos 17, Devarim 25:17, Devarim 25:19; later marauders in Isr. territory Shoftim 3:13; Shoftim 6:3, Shoftim 6:33; Shoftim 7:12; Shoftim 10:12, defeated by Saul Shmuel Alef 14:48; Shmuel Alef 15:2 + times Shmuel Alef 14:28, Shmuel Alef 18, and by David Shmuel Alef 30:18 (compare adjectivegent. below), Shmuel Beis 8:12 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 18:11, compare Tehillim 83:8; also הָע׳ Shmuel Beis 1:1 (where read עֲמָלֵק or הָעֲמָלֵקִי, see commentaries); ע׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:43; as grandson of Esau Breishis 36:12 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:36, Breishis 36:16; appar. connected with Ephr. territory Shoftim 5:14 (compare Shoftim 12:15 below; yet G.F. Moore conjunction עֵמֶק).—On Amalek see Noldeke^{Amalekites (1864)}; ^{Ency. Bi. s.see}.

עֲמָלֵקִי

adjectivegent. Shmuel Alef 30:13; Shmuel Beis 1:13, also (as pred.) v Shmuel Beis 1:8; coll. = (the) Amalekites Shmuel Alef 15:6, Shmuel Alef 15:15; Shmuel Alef 30:1, elsewhere c. art. הָע׳ Bamidbar 14:25, Bamidbar 14:43, Bamidbar 14:45 (J; all + הַכְּנַעֲנִי), Shmuel Alef 27:8; שְׂדֵה הָע׳ Breishis 14:7; הַר הָע׳ Shoftim 12:15 (in Ephraim); read הָע׳ also Shoftim 1:16 (for הָעָם) Budde G.F. Moore, > עֲמָלֵק Hollenb Mey Kittel^Kau; on Shmuel Beis 1:1 see foregoing

עָמַם

verb (√ of following compare Arabic عَمَّ be comprehensive, include; عَمٌّ company; also paternal uncle; perhaps Assyrian ummanu, people; Sabean עם either (a) people, or (b) paternal uncle CIS^{iv. p. 20}; plural with suffix אעממהו = (b) Mordtm^{Himj. Inschr. 45. 70}; also often in proper name CIS^{iv. Noldeke. 5, 1. 99, 7} etc., Prät^{Neue Beitr. 25} Hom^{Chrest. 12, 133; A. und A. 6} Wellhausen^{GGN 1893, 480}).

עַם²

noun (masc.) Breishis 11:6 (see below) people (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, plebeian, common man; Targum עַמָּא people, plural peoples, tribes, etc.; Syriac ܥܰܡܳܐ; Arabic عَمٌّ see above; orig. meaning probably those united, connected, related, compare Wellhausen^{GGN 1893, 480});—absolute עַם Breishis 11:6 +, עַם Shoftim 9:36 +, הָעָם Yehoshua 8:11 +; construct עַם Bamidbar 21:29 +; with suffix עַמִּי Shemos 3:7 +, עַמְּךָ Shemos 22:27 +, etc.; plural עַמִּים Yeshaya 2:3 +, עֲמָמִים (compare Biblical Aramaic) Nechemia 9:22; construct עַמֵּי Melachim Alef 8:43 +, עַמְמֵי Nechemia 9:24; plural c. with suffix see ii. עַם;—(Gesenius' Thesaurus cites following as f. וְחָטָאת עַמֶּ֑ךָ Shemos 5:16 [but corrupt and unintellig.; read perhaps וְחַטָאתָ לְע׳, so Septuagint Peshitta Dillmann]; Shoftim 18:7 [but ישֶׁבֶת must agree with lost word city, or the like, see G.F. Moore]; Yirmiya 8:5 [but read שׁוֹבַב for שׁוֹבְבָה Giesebrecht]);—

a people, nation (sometimes ‖ גּוֹי), n. coll. (singular Shemos 21:8 Yehoshua 17:14, Yehoshua 17:15, Yehoshua 17:17; Shmuel Beis 17:29 + often, or plural Shemos 20:13; Shemos 24:2; Yirmiya 5:31 + often, or both in same clause Shemos 1:20; Shmuel Beis 13:24): עַם אֶחָד = all mankind Breishis 11:6; peoples in generally Breishis 27:29 (J; ‖ לְאֻמִּים), Shemos 19:5, Devarim 2:25; Devarim 4:6 + often Dt, Nechemia 13:24 + often; קְהַל עַמִּים Breishis 28:3 an assembly (multitude) of peoples, Breishis 48:4, Yechezkel 23:24; Yechezkel 32:3 (+ דַבִּים); one’s own people Yirmiya 46:16 Tehillim 45:11; Rus 1:10, Rus 1:15, Rus 1:16^(×2) + (on עַמִּי נָדִיב Shir HaShirim 6:12 see especially Budde); particular peoples, Egypt Breishis 41:40, Shemos 1:22, Nechemia 9:10 +; עַם־אֲרָם Amos 1:5; עַם־כְּמוֹשׁ (that is Moab) Bamidbar 21:29, Yirmiya 48:46; but especially Isr. Shemos 1:20 + often; עַם־בְּנֵי יִשׂ׳ v Shemos 1:9; called ע׳ יהוה Bamidbar 11:29, Shmuel Alef 2:24 +, and (by י׳) עַמִּי Shemos 3:7; Shemos 5:1 + often (all periods); קְהַל עַם־הָאֱלֹהִים Shoftim 20:2, עַם־הַקָּהָל Vayikra 16:33, קְהַל עָם Tehillim 107:32; especially הָעָם הַזֶּה (often in contempt or disgust) Bamidbar 11:1, Bamidbar 11:12, Bamidbar 11:13 +; figuratively of ants Mishlei 30:25, the shaphan v Mishlei 30:26, locusts Yoel 2:2, compare לְעַם לְצִיִּים Tehillim 74:14 (where read לְעַם צִיִּים Hupfeld-Nowack).—On Shoftim 1:16 see עֲמָלֵקִי.

= smaller units, for example

inhab. of a city Breishis 19:4, Shmuel Alef 9:12, Shmuel Alef 9:13; Yirmiya 29:16, Yirmiya 29:25; Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:4 + (Yirmiya 8:5 del. יְרוּשׁ׳ Septuagint Giesebrecht Co Rothst).

inhab. of a locality Yirmiya 37:12 [appar. not = tribe, Devarim 33:3 read עַמּוֹ Septuagint Dillmann Driver, Hoshea 10:14; Shoftim 5:8, Shoftim 5:14 read בְּעָרֶיךָ Wellhausen Nowack; see under d].

retainers, followers Breishis 14:16; Breishis 32:8; Breishis 33:15; Breishis 35:6; Shoftim 3:18; Shoftim 8:5; Shmuel Beis 15:17; Yirmiya 41:13, Yirmiya 41:14 +.

people bearing arms Shmuel Alef 11:11; Melachim Alef 20:10 +; ע׳ כָּבֵד Bamidbar 20:20, that is a powerful force; עַם הַצָּבָא Bamidbar 31:32, ע׳ הַמִּלְחָמָה Yehoshua 8:1, Yehoshua 8:3, Yehoshua 8:11; Yehoshua 10:7; Yehoshua 11:7 (all ); so probably Shoftim 5:8 a (fighting) band; perhaps also v Shoftim 5:14 (read singular? see G.F. Moore Budde).

= common people Yirmiya 21:7; Yirmiya 22:4, Vayikra 4:27 (opposite ruler v Vayikra 4:22), Nechemia 5:1 (opposite יְהוּדִים), Nechemia 7:5 (opposite rulers).

people in generally, persons Breishis 50:20, so appar. כָּל־הָעָם אֲשֵׁר וגו׳ Shemos 33:16, Bamidbar 11:34, Yehoshua 5:5^(×2), Shoftim 9:36 (as singular), v Shoftim 9:37 (as plural), Yirmiya 36:9; persons labouring Melachim Alef 9:23; superior persons Iyov 12:2 (iron.); עַם עוֹלָם Yechezkel 26:20 people of long ago (now in Sh^eʾôl).

phrases are:

(עַמָּהּ, עַמִּי, עַמְּךָ) כְּנֵי עַמּוֹ members of one’s people, compatriots, fellow-countrymen, etc. Bamidbar 22:5, Breishis 23:11 Vayikra 19:18, Shoftim 14:16, Shoftim 14:17; Yechezkel 33:2, Yechezkel 33:12 +.

בְּנֵי הָעָם = common people (see 3) Melachim Beis 23:6; Yirmiya 26:23 +; people in generally שַׁעַר בְּנֵי הָעָם Yirmiya 17:19 that is public gate Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:5, Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:12.

עַם הָאָרֶץ the people at large, as a body Melachim Beis 11:14, Melachim Beis 11:18, Melachim Beis 11:19, Melachim Beis 11:20; Melachim Beis 15:5; Melachim Beis 16:15; Melachim Beis 21:24^(×2) +, Yirmiya 37:2; Yirmiya 44:21 Vayikra 20:2, Breishis 23:7, Breishis 23:12, Breishis 23:13; common people Yirmiya 34:19, compare דַּלַּת ע׳ הא׳ Melachim Beis 24:14; disting. from prince Yechezkel 45:22; Yechezkel 46:3, Yechezkel 46:9, from priests Chaggai 2:4 Zecharia 7:5; = Canaanites Bamidbar 14:9, compare עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:25; mixed post-exil. population Ezra 4:4.

עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ usually peoples of the earth Yehoshua 4:24, Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:19 +; of heathen peoples about and in Pal. after exile Ezra 10:2, Ezra 10:11; traders Nechemia 10:31; עַמֵּי הָאֲרָצוֹת Nechemia 9:30; Nechemia 10:29; Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:13.

מִשְׁפְּחוֹת עַמִּים Tehillim 96:7 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:28 (compare Tehillim 22:23).

בַּת־עַמִּי = people personif. Yeshaya 22:4; Yirmiya 4:11 + 7 times Je + Yirmiya 6:14 (van d. H.; om. בַּת Baer Gi), Eicha 2:11; Eicha 3:48; Eicha 4:3, Eicha 4:6, Eicha 4:10; בְּתוּלַת בַּת־עַמִּי Yirmiya 14:17.

designations of Isr. are: עַם־קָדוֹשׁ Devarim 7:6 + 3 times, ע׳ קְדוֹשִׁים Daniel 8:24, ע׳ (ה)קֹדֶשׁ Yeshaya 62:12; Yeshaya 63:18; Daniel 12:7; ע׳ סְגֻלָּה Devarim 7:6; Devarim 14:2; Devarim 26:18.

of foreign (non-Isr.) peoples: ע׳ נָכְרִי Shemos 21:8, ע׳ אַחֵר Devarim 28:32, and especially from language, ע׳ עִמְקֵי שָׂפָה Yechezkel 3:5 compare v Yechezkel 3:6, כִּלְשׁוֹן עַם וָעָם Nechemia 13:24 compare Esther 1:22^(×2); Esther 3:12, ע׳ לֹעֵג Tehillim 114:1.

עַם עֶבְרָתִי Yeshaya 10:6, ע׳ חֶרְמִי Yeshaya 34:11, ע׳־מִבְחָרָיו Daniel 11:15, עַמֵּי תּוֹעֵבוֹת הָאֵלָּה Ezra 9:14; לֹא עַם בִּינוֹת Yeshaya 27:11.—For עַם־עוֹלָם Yeshaya 44:7 read (אֹתִיּוֹת) מֵעוֹלָם (מִי הִשְׁמִי)עַ Oort Duhm Kittel Cheyne^Haupt compare Perles^{Anal. 40, 64}.

עִם

preposition with (Aramaic עִם, ܥܰܡ, Sabean עם D.H. Müller^{Epigr. Denkm. 12} Hom^{Chrest. 51}; compare Arabic مَعَ, مَعْ (but see Prät^{BAS. i. 26})), with suffix עִמִּי₄₆ and עִמָּדִי₄₅ (probably akin to Arabic عِنْدٌ side, عِنْدَ beside: compare √ ענד), without difference of meaning (עמי in Pent. Breishis 31:31; Breishis 39:7, Breishis 39:12, Breishis 39:14; Shemos 33:12 Vayikra 26:21, Vayikra 26:23, Vayikra 26:27, Vayikra 26:40 [H] Bamidbar 22:19; Jos-K. 13 times; Tehillim 42:9; Tehillim 86:17; Iyov 10:17; Rus 1:11; Esther 7:8; in Dn 7 times, Ezr Ne Ch 11 times: עמדי in Pent. Gn [] 14 times, Shemos 17:2; Vayikra 25:23; Devarim 5:25; Devarim 32:34, Devarim 32:39; Ju S 7 times; Tehillim 23:4; Tehillim 50:11; Tehillim 50:19; Tehillim 101:6; Jb 14 times, Rus 1:8); עִמְּךָ, †עִמְּכָה Shmuel Alef 1:26, עִמָּ֑ךְ; עִמּוֹ, עִמָּהּ; עִמָּ֫נוּ; עִמָּכֶם; עִמָּם₂₇ (Breishis 18:16, etc.: Gn-K 20 times; Nechemia 13:25; not Ezr Ch), and עִמָּהֶם₂₃ (chiefly late: Bamidbar 22:12; Devarim 29:16 (v Devarim 29:24 עמם), Yonah 1:3; Iyov 1:4, and 19 times Ne Ezr Ch):

of fellowship and companionship (Lat. cum), as Breishis 13:1 ולוט עמו and Lot with him, Breishis 18:16; Breishis 19:30; Breishis 24:54 הוא והאנשׁים אשׁר עמו, וכל ישׂראל עמו Yehoshua 7:24 and elsewhere; + often Peculiar to Ch Ezr are clauses introd. by ועמהם … Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:34; Divrei HaYamim Alef 13:2; Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:18 +, Ezra 8:13, Ezra 8:14 (Aramaic Ezra 5:2) +; so ועמו … Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:28; Divrei HaYamim Beis 17:14-18; Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:17; Ezra 8:3-12, Ezra 8:33. Coupling substantives, together with, chiefly in poetry: Devarim 12:23 לא תאכל הנפשׁ עם הבשׂר, Yehoshua 11:21; Shoftim 16:3; Koheles 7:11; Shmuel Beis 1:24 שָׁנִי עִם עֲדָנִים, Devarim 32:14 עִם חֵלֶב כרים, v Devarim 32:14, Devarim 32:24, Devarim 32:25 Amos 4:10; Yeshaya 25:11; Yeshaya 34:7; Yirmiya 6:11; Yirmiya 51:40; Nachum 3:12 Tehillim 66:15 אעשׂה בקר עם עתודים, Tehillim 81:3; Tehillim 83:8; Tehillim 87:4; Tehillim 89:14; Tehillim 104:25 +, Shir HaShirim 1:11; Shir HaShirim 4:13^(×2) כפרים עם נרדים, v Shir HaShirim 4:14^(×2); Shir HaShirim 5:1^(×3). Unusually, Esther 9:25 אמר עם הספר he ordered in conjunction with writing, in a written order. Poet. or late uses: Tehillim 42:9 ובלילה שִׁירֹה עמי, Tehillim 89:22 אשׁר יָדִי תִּכּוֹן עמו, v Tehillim 89:25; in Jb of the companionship of sufferings or prosperity, Iyov 6:4 חִצֵּי שַׁדַּי עמדי, Iyov 17:2 אם לא הֲתֻלִים עמדי, Iyov 29:6 וְצוּר יָצוּק עמדי פלגי שׁמן, v Iyov 29:20 כבודי חָדָשׁ עמדי, Divrei HaYamim Beis 14:5 ואין עמו מלחמה, Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:9 ישׁ עמך מלחמות, Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:10 עִמָּכֶם אֲשָׁמוֹת. Hence, in partic.

of aid, Shemos 23:5 Devarim 22:4; Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:19; especially of God, Breishis 21:22 אלהים עמך, Breishis 26:3 ואהיה עמך, v Breishis 26:33; Breishis 31:3, Breishis 31:5; Shemos 3:12; Yehoshua 1:5; Yeshaya 8:10 כ׳ עמנו אל Tehillim 23:4; Tehillim 46:8, Tehillim 46:12; Iyov 29:5 + often (compare אֵת, Breishis 39:2, Breishis 39:3, Breishis 39:21, Breishis 39:23; Yeshaya 43:5 +): so הִתְחַזַּק עם Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:10; Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:9; Daniel 10:21, עָזַר עם Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:21, כי גם ידם עם דוד Shmuel Alef 22:17; Shmuel Beis 3:12; Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:10 (compare Shemos 23:1, and II. אֵת 1 a) With the help of (= Gk. σύν), Shmuel Alef 14:45 כי עם אלהים עשׂה היום הזה, Daniel 11:39 (rare).

Of actions done jointly with another, as ירשׁ עם inherit with, Breishis 21:10, כרת ברית עם Breishis 26:28 + often, עם (חִלֵּק) חָלַק to share with Yehoshua 22:8; Yeshaya 53:12 +; compare Devarim 10:9 חֵלֶק וְנַחֲלָה עִם אֶחָיו, Devarim 18:1.

If the common action be of the nature of a contest or combat, עִם is with in the sense of against: so often with נִלְחַם to fight, נִשְׁפַּט to dispute, נֶאֱבַק to wrestle, רִיב to strive (see these verbs), Breishis 26:20; Breishis 30:8; Breishis 32:29; בּא בְּמִשְׁפָּט עם to enter into judgment with Yeshaya 3:14 +, Iyov 14:3 (הֵבִיא), רִיב לי׳ עִם Hoshea 4:1 +; hence, without a verb expressing the idea explicitly, Tehillim 94:16 מי יקום לי עִם מְרֵעִים in the struggle with evil-doers? v b Tehillim 55:19 כי בְרַבִּים היו עמדי for as many are they in combat with me, Iyov 9:14 אָבְחֲרָה דְבָרַי עמו in the contest with him, Iyov 10:17; Iyov 16:21; perhaps צָדַק עִם Iyov 9:2; Iyov 25:4 (compare 4 b end).

Of dealing with a person, or of the relation in which one stands with, or towards, another: as עשׂה חסד עם to do kindness with Breishis 24:12 + often (in 1 person observe that in this phr. עמדי, not עמי, is regul. used, Breishis 19:19; Breishis 20:13; Breishis 40:14; Shmuel Alef 20:14; Shmuel Beis 10:2 [‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:2 עמי: here only], and elsewhere), עשׂה טוב עם Breishis 26:29 +, see also Breishis 20:9; Breishis 31:29; Devarim 33:21; Shoftim 15:3; Iyov 10:12; Iyov 13:20; Iyov 42:8 Tehillim 86:17 (compare אִתְּכֶם Devarim 1:30; Devarim 10:21; and Aramaic Daniel 3:32), Tehillim 119:124; Tehillim 126:2 (Shmuel Alef 12:24), Iyov 33:29; הֵיטִיב עם Breishis 32:10, Breishis 32:13 +, הֵרַע עִם Breishis 31:7; רָצָה עם be well pleased with Tehillim 50:18; Iyov 34:9; דִּבֶּר עם to speak with (subj. usually God) Shemos 19:9 + (see דִּבֶּר 3 e), hence דָּבָר עִם Shoftim 18:7, Shoftim 18:28; Shmuel Beis 3:17; Melachim Alef 1:7; Iyov 15:11 דָּבָר לָאַט עמך a word (spoken) gently with thee, compare Iyov 11:5 ויפתח שׂפתיו עמך; יֵאָמֵן עם Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:9: and with adjj. תמים עם perfect with (that is toward) Devarim 18:13 Tehillim 18:24, שָׁלֵם עם Melachim Alef 8:61 +; compare וְלִבָּם לֹא נָכוֹן עִמּוֹ Tehillim 78:37; Shmuel Beis 21:4; Shmuel Beis 23:5; Melachim Alef 3:6 (עמך), Micha 6:8 הַצְנֵעַ לֶכֶת עִם אֱלֹהָיו, Tehillim 73:22 toward thee, Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:6; Hoshea 12:1 (?); also הָלַךְ קְרִי עִם Vayikra 26:21 (7 times), מַמְרִים הֱיִיתֶם עם Devarim 9:7, Devarim 9:24; Devarim 31:27; Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:10; Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:19 Tehillim 85:5; Iyov 10:17 and

Of a common lot, Breishis 18:23 האף תספה צדיק עם רשׁע together with the wicked, v Breishis 18:25 Iyov 3:14, Iyov 3:15; Yeshaya 38:11 Tehillim 26:9 אל תאסף עם חטּאים נפשׁי, v b; Tehillim 28:3^(×2), Tehillim 69:29; Iyov 30:1; Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:5; hence like, Tehillim 73:5 ועם אדם לא יְנֻגָּ֑עוּ with (that is like) men (in general), Tehillim 106:6 חטאנו עם אבותינו, Koheles 2:16 ואיך ימות הֶחָכָם עם הכסיל that is like the fool.

Of equality or resemblance generally (poet.), Iyov 9:26 חָֽלְפוּ עִם אֳנִיּוֹת אֵבֶה they pass by with, that is as swiftly as, skiffs of reed, Iyov 37:18 תרקיע עמו שׁחקים that is like him, Iyov 40:15 אשׁר עשׂיתי עמך; so נִמְשַׁל עִם Tehillim 28:1; Tehillim 143:7, נֶחְשַׁב עִם Tehillim 88:5, compare Koheles 7:11.

Of time, = as long as, Tehillim 72:5 יִירָאוּךָ עם שׁמשׁ as long as the sun endureth (compare Aramaic Daniel 3:33; Daniel 4:31; also Ovid. Am. i. 15, 16 cum sole et luna semper Aratus erit); at the time of (?) Divrei HaYamim Beis 21:19 (but read perhaps מֵחָלְיוֹ); and c. inf. (late), Ezra 1:11 עִם הֵעָלוֹת הַגּוֹלָה (compare ἅμα τῷ followed by inf. Shoftim 3:21; Shoftim 9:33; also עִם Ecclus 40:14).

Of a locality, close to, beside: †Breishis 25:11 וישׁב יצחק עם באר לחי ראי beside the well of, etc., Breishis 35:4 תַּחַת הָאֵלָה אשׁר עם שׁכם (so, after אשׁר, Yehoshua 7:2; Shoftim 9:6; Shoftim 18:22 Shmuel Beis 13:23), Yehoshua 19:46 (?), Shoftim 18:3 הֵמָּה עִם בֵּית מִיכָה (so Shoftim 19:11; Shmuel Beis 20:8), Shmuel Alef 10:2; Shmuel Beis 6:7 וַיָּ֫מָת שָׁם עִם אֲרוֹן הא׳, Shmuel Beis 19:38; Shmuel Beis 24:16; Melachim Alef 1:9; Divrei HaYamim Alef 13:14 by the house of O., in its own house (see Be), Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:15 (Shmuel Beis 24:16), Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:16 (compare אֵת 2). By a person, Devarim 5:25 וְאַתָּה עֲמֹד פֹּח עמדי by me, Shmuel Alef 1:26 הַנִּצֶּבֶת עִמְּכָה +; of one living near another, Shemos 22:24; Vayikra 25:35, Vayikra 25:36, Vayikra 25:39, Vayikra 25:47.

Of persons, עִם is spec.

in the house or family or service of (apud, chez): Breishis 23:4 גֵּר וְתוֹשָׁב עמך (figuratively of י׳ Vayikra 25:23 Tehillim 39:13), Breishis 27:44; Breishis 29:14 וַיֵּשֶׁב עִמּוֹ, v Breishis 27:25 עבדתי עמך I have served with thee (so v Breishis 27:30, compare Devarim 15:16), Breishis 31:38; Vayikra 25:6, Vayikra 25:40^(×2), Vayikra 25:50, Vayikra 25:53; Devarim 22:2; Devarim 23:17; Shoftim 17:10; Shmuel Beis 19:34; Melachim Alef 11:22; compare Shmuel Alef 2:21 עם י׳ that is at his sanctuary.

In the possession of (Lat. penes): Breishis 24:25 straw, etc., is עִמָּנוּ, Breishis 31:32 Devarim 17:19 והיתה עמו with him, at his side, Devarim 29:16; Iyov 28:14 וְיָם אָמַר אֵין עִמָּדִי; = stored up with, Devarim 32:34 כָּמֻם עִמָּדִי, Iyov 27:13 (but read here probably מֵאֵל; compare Iyov 20:29); of ethical or mental attributes, Shmuel Alef 25:25 וּנְבָלָה עִמּוֹ, Iyov 12:13 עִמּוֹ חָכְמָה וּגְבוּרָה, v Iyov 12:16; Iyov 25:2 Tehillim 130:7; Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:3, Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:7. compare figuratively Tehillim 36:10 כי עמך מְקוֹר חַיִּים.

In the custody or care of, Shmuel Alef 9:23 שִׂים אֹתָהּ עִמָּ֑ךְ; Shmuel Alef 22:23 כִּי מִשְׁמֶרֶת אַתָּה עִמָּדִי: compare Iyov 17:3 עָרְבֵנִי עִמָּ֑ךְ be surety for me with thyself.

Beside = except, Devarim 32:39 אֵין אלהים עִמָּדִי, Tehillim 73:25 ועמך לא חפצתי בארץ and beside thee I delight not (in aught that is) upon earth (and elsewhere in comparison of thee, 1st feminine), Divrei HaYamim Beis 14:10 וְאֵין עִמְּךָ לַעֲזֹר there is none beside thee to help, Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:6; perhaps Hoshea 9:8 (Hitzig Ke; but very doubtful, see commentaries). compare אֵת 1 b.

With = friendly with, Breishis 31:2 כי איננו עמי (syn. v Breishis 31:5 אֶל towards), Melachim Beis 10:15 לְבָבִי עִם לְבָֽבְךָ, Mishlei 23:7 וְלִבּוֹ בַל עִמָּ֑ךְ.

Idiom. of a thought or purpose present with one:—

עִם לְבַב פ׳, especially in Dt. and the later Deut. style, Devarim 8:5 וְיָדַעְתָּ עִם לְבָבְךָ thou shalt know with thy heart, Devarim 15:9 פן יהיה דבר עם לבבך בליעל a wicked thought with thy heart, Yehoshua 14:7 I brought back word כאשׁר עם לבבי; היה עם לְבַב פ׳, especially of a purpose, Melachim Alef 8:17 ויהי עם לבב דוד לִבְנוֹת וגו׳ that is it was David’s purpose to build, etc., v Melachim Alef 8:18^(×2); Melachim Alef 10:2 (= Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:7, Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:8^(×2); Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:1), Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:7; Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:2 (both based on Melachim Alef 8:17, etc.), Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:11; Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:4; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:10; rather differently, to muse or talk with one’s heart, Tehillim 77:7; Koheles 1:16.

עִם alone, = in one’s consciousness, whether of knowledge or memory or purpose (compare אֵת 3 b; عِنْدَ W^{AG ii. § 66}): Bamidbar 14:24 עֵקֶב הָֽיְתָה רוּחַ אַחֶרֶת עִמּוֹ that is operating in his mind, Melachim Alef 11:11 יען אשׁר היתה זאת עמך, Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:12 the pattern of all אשׁר היה בָרוּחַ עמו that was in spirit (that is mentally) with him, Tehillim 50:11 וְזִיז שָׂדַי עִמָּדִי is with me (that is is known to me; ‖ ידעתי), probably also Tehillim 73:23; Tehillim 139:18 (= in thy thought and care); Iyov 9:35 לא כן אנכי עמדי not so am I with myself (my consciousness—or conscience—does not tell me that I need dread him), Iyov 10:13 ידעתי כי זאת עמך that is that this was thy purpose (‖ אֵלֶּה צָפַנְתָּ בִּלְבָבֶ֑ךָ), Iyov 15:9 ולא עמנו הוא and is not with us (= in our knowledge; ‖ וְלֹא נֵדָ֑ע), Iyov 23:10 כי ידע דרך עמדי the way of which I am conscious (De; Ewald Dillmann the way attending me, my usual way), v Iyov 23:14 וְכָהֵנָּה רַבּוֹת עמו that is he has many such purposes, Iyov 27:11 אֲשֶׁר עִם שַׁדָּי לֹא אֲכַחֵד that is his purposes or principles of action. Also sometimes in the judgment or estimation of, Shmuel Alef 2:26 טוֹב עִם, Shmuel Beis 6:22 נִכְבַּד עִם, perhaps צָדַק עִם Iyov 9:2; Iyov 25:4 (Gesenius Budde; but Ewald as 1 c, Hitzig De beside, in comparison of).

Metaph. together with = in spite of, notwithstanding Nechemia 5:18 וְעִם זֶה (compare مَعَ W^{AG ii. § 57}; in Hebrew בְּ is the more usual syn.).—In Shmuel Alef 16:12 אַדְמֹנִי עִם יְפֵה עֵינַיִם (compare Shmuel Alef 17:42 עִם יְפֵה מַרְאֶה), if text correct, יפה must be a neuter noun, with beauty of eyes; but read probably (Gratz Budde) עֶלֶם a youth (Shmuel Alef 17:56; Shmuel Alef 20:22) for עם (see H.P. Smith; Cheyne ^{Expos. Times x. 521} אַדְמֹנִי עֶצֶם, compare Eicha 4:7).

עַם³

n.[m.] kinsman* kinsman, later development of i. עַם Robertson Smith^{K 58; 2nd ed. 72}. (on father’s side) (Arabic عَمٌّ paternal uncle, etc. see I. עמם; compare perhaps TelAm. ammu, kinsmen (?); on Nabataean עם ancestor compare Lidzbarski^{151, 499}; see also especially Nestle^{Eg 187, journal ZAW xvi (1896), 322 f.} Krenkel^{ib. viii (1888), 280–84});—with suffix עַמִּי in בֶּן־עַמִּי (q.see), and proper name sqq.; elsewhere plural with suffix עַמֶּיךָ Bamidbar 27:13; Bamidbar 31:2 (Vayikra 19:16 read עַמְּךָ Septuagint Sam), + (poss.) עֲמָמֶיךָ Shoftim 5:14; עַמָּיו Breishis 25:8 + 15 times, עַמֶּיהָ Breishis 17:14 + 3 times; read עַמַּי (for Masoretic Text עַמִּי, 1עַם; compare Krenkel^{l.c. 281}) Breishis 49:29 and perhaps Shoftim 14:3 (compare Vayikra 21:14); according to Buhl Kittel also Melachim Beis 4:13;—father’s kinsmen: וַיֵּאָסֵף אֶל־עַמָּיו Breishis 25:8 (of joining kinsmen in Sh^eʾôl), so v Breishis 25:17; Breishis 35:29; Breishis 49:33; Bamidbar 20:24; Devarim 32:50, compare Breishis 49:29 (see above), Bamidbar 27:13; Bamidbar 31:2; Devarim 32:50 (all P); וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ מֵעַמֶּיהָ Breishis 17:14 (severed from living kinsmen), so Vayikra 7:20, Vayikra 7:21, Vayikra 7:25, Vayikra 7:27; Vayikra 19:8; Vayikra 23:29; Bamidbar 9:13, מִקֶּרֶב עַמֶּיהָ Shemos 31:14, compare Shemos 30:33, Shemos 30:38; Vayikra 17:9 (all PH); מֵעַמָּיו יִקַּח אִשָּׁה Vayikra 21:14, and perhaps Shoftim 14:3 (simile 1עַם: [ם—ָ, הּ—ָ] מִקֶּרֶב עַמּוֹ Vayikra 17:4, Vayikra 17:10; Vayikra 18:29 +); other combin. Shoftim 5:14 (si vera l., read perhaps בְּעַמֶּ֑ךָ, see 1.עַם 2 d), Vayikra 21:1, Vayikra 21:4, Vayikra 21:15, Yechezkel 18:18 and (perhaps) Melachim Beis 4:13.—בֶּן־עַמִּי (see p. 122 b) perhaps = son of my kinsman; on proper name c. עַם see Gray^{Prop. N. 41 ff.}.

עַמּוֹן

n. pr. gent. Ammon, Septuagint Αμμαν, Αμμων (Assyrian Bît Ammanu Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament^Gloss.);—always (except Shmuel Alef 11:11 [where however Septuagint reads בְּנֵי ע׳], Tehillim 83:8, which have ע׳ alone) בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן, connected by J with בֶּן־עַמִּי son of Lot Breishis 19:38 (and meaning of name doubtless sought herein by J; compare ii. עַם); people apparently akin to Isr., but usually hostile, dwelling E. of Jordan, NE. of Moab, between Arnon and Jabbok: Bamidbar 21:24^(×2), Devarim 2:19^(×2), Devarim 2:37; Devarim 3:11, Devarim 3:16; Yehoshua 12:2; Yehoshua 13:10, v Yehoshua 13:25, Shoftim 3:13; Shoftim 10:6 + 25 times Shoftim 10-12; Shmuel Alef 11:11; Shmuel Alef 12:12; Shmuel Alef 14:47; Shmuel Beis 8:12; Shmuel Beis 10:1 + 14 times Shmuel Beis 10-12, Shmuel Beis 17:27; Melachim Alef 11:7, Melachim Alef 11:33; Melachim Beis 23:13; Melachim Beis 24:2; Divrei HaYamim Alef 18:11 + 20 times Ch, Amos 1:13; Yeshaya 11:14; Yirmiya 9:25 + 9 times Je, Tzefania 2:8, Tzefania 2:9; Yechezkel 21:25, Yechezkel 21:33 + 5 times Yechezkel 25; Daniel 11:41.—Vid. Cheyne^Ammon in Ency. Bib.

עַמּוֹנִי

adjective gent. Ammonite;—absolute ms. עַמּוֹנִי as noun Devarim 23:4 an Ammonite (generic), so עַמֹּנִי Nechemia 13:1; הָעַמּוֹנִי of individual Shmuel Alef 11:1, Shmuel Alef 11:2; Shmuel Beis 23:37 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:39; Nechemia 2:19, so הָעַמֹּנִי Nechemia 2:10; Nechemia 3:35; fs. הָעַמֹּנִית Melachim Alef 14:21 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 12:13; Melachim Alef 14:31, so הָעַמּוֹנִית Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:26; הָעַמֹּנִי as noun coll. Ezra 9:1; mpl. as noun עַמֹּנִים Melachim Alef 11:5, הָע׳ Devarim 2:20; Nechemia 4:1, הָעַמּוֹ׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:8 (on Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:1 see מְעוּנִים); fpl. as adjective עַמֳּנִיֹּת Melachim Alef 11:1, so Nechemia 13:23 Keri, Kesiv עמוניות.

עַמִּיאֵל²

proper name (masc.) (my kinsman is God, Gray^{Prop. N. 254});—Septuagint Αμ(με)ιηλ:

E. Jordan name Shmuel Beis 9:4, Shmuel Beis 9:5; Shmuel Beis 17:27.

a Danite Bamidbar 13:12.

David’s father-in-law Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:5 (= אֱלִיעָם Shmuel Beis 11:3).

son of Obed Edom Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:5.

עַמִּיהוּד

proper name (masc.) (my kinsman is majesty);—Septuagint (Σ)εμιουδ, Αμιουδ, etc.:

a Geshurite Shmuel Beis 13:37 Keri (> Kesiv עַמִּיחוּר, compare Driver and elsewhere, Gray^{Prop. N. 43}).

an Ephraimite Bamidbar 1:10; Bamidbar 2:18; Bamidbar 7:48, Bamidbar 7:53; Bamidbar 10:22 (all P), Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:26.

a Simeonite Bamidbar 34:20.

a Naphtalite Bamidbar 34:28.

a Judahite Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:4.

עַמִּיזָבָד

proper name (masc.) (my kinsman hath bestowed; compare זָבָד, אֶלְזָבָד, יְהוֹזָבָד, זַבְדִּיאֵל, זְבַדְיָה, and, especially on Palmyrene equiv., see Gray^{Prop. N. 223f.} also Lidzbarski²⁶⁵ Cook^46f.);—son of Benaiah Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:6, Septuagint Ααιβαζαθ, A Αμιραζαθ, SeptuagintL Αμειναζαβαδ.

עַמִּינָדָב

proper name (masc.) (my kinsman is noble);—Septuagint Αμ(ε)ιναδαβ:

Aaron’s father-in-law Shemos 6:23; Bamidbar 1:7; Bamidbar 2:3; Bamidbar 7:12, Bamidbar 7:17; Bamidbar 10:14 (all P), Rus 4:19, Rus 4:20; Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:10^(×2).

Levites:

Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:7.

Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:10, Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:11.

עַמִּישַׁדָּ֑י

proper name (masc.) (my kinsman is Shaddai);—a Danite Bamidbar 1:12; Bamidbar 2:25; Bamidbar 7:66, Bamidbar 7:71; Bamidbar 10:25, Septuagint Αμ(ε)ισαδαι, SeptuagintL Αμισαδε.

עָמַם²

verb darken, dim (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic غَمَّ cover, veil, conceal; Targum עֲמַם grow dark);—

past (עבר) 3rd plural with suffix עֲמַמֻהוּ Yechezkel 31:8 doubtful, but probably (as Gesenius' Thesaurus) cedars did not eclipse him; עֲמָמוּךָ Yechezkel 28:3 no secret do they hold dark (= is held dark) for thee (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 117 x).

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יוּעַם זָהָב Eicha 4:1 (figuratively) how is the gold dimmed! compare Budde.

עָמַס

verb

load.

carry a load (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Phoenician עמס carry; compare poss. Arabic عَمِسَ gravis et obscurus fuit dies (Freytag));—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיַּעֲמֹס Breishis 44:13, יַעֲמָס־ Tehillim 68:20; participle (בינוני) active עֹמְסִים Nechemia 13:15; עֹמְשִׂים Nechemia 4:11 (but see below); with suffix עֹמְסֶיהָ Zecharia 12:3; passive עֲמֻסִים Yeshaya 46:3, עֲמוּסוֹת v Yeshaya 46:1;—

load (object om.) upon (עַל) ass Breishis 44:13, Nechemia 13:15; so absolute Nechemia 4:11, literally, si vera l. (see Be-Ry Ryle); but read probably חֲמֻשִׁים Ry^Kau.

carry a load Tehillim 68:20 (י׳, for (ל) his people), carry as a load Zecharia 12:3 (figuratively), passive Yeshaya 46:1 (literally), v Yeshaya 46:3 (figuratively).*

עָמוֹס

proper name (masc.) Amos the prophet;—Amos 1:1; Amos 7:8, Amos 7:10, Amos 7:11, Amos 7:12, Amos 7:14; Amos 8:2, Septuagint Αμως.

עֲמַסְיָה

proper name (masc.) name in Judah Divrei HaYamim Beis 17:16, Septuagint Μασαιας, SeptuagintL Αμασιας (compare Phoenician אשמנעמס, בעלעמס CIS^{i. 139, 169, 719}, see also Gray^{Prop. N. 296f.}).

עָמֹק

verb be deep (Mishnaic Hebrew in deriv.; Arabic عَمُقَ; Ethiopic ዐመቀ: probably Assyrian [emêḳu

עֵ֫מֶק

noun (masc.) Micha 1:4 vale (proposes deepening, depth, see G.A. Smith^{Geogr. 384f. 654f.}; compare בִּקְעָה, גַּיְא, נַחַל);—ע׳ absolute Yehoshua 8:13 +, construct Breishis 14:17 +; with suffix עִמְקֵךְ Je Yirmiya 49:4, עִמְקָם Yirmiya 47:5 (but see below); plural עֲמָקִים Micha 1:4, with suffix עֲמָקַיִךְ Yeshaya 22:7;—vale, valley, lowland, opposite הֶהָרִים Micha 1:4, amid mts., for example about Jerus. Yeshaya 22:7; Yirmiya 31:40, so perhaps ע׳ שָׁוֵה Breishis 14:17 = ע׳ הַמֶּלֶךְ v Yirmiya 14:17; Shmuel Beis 18:18, compare ע׳ חֶבְרוֹן Breishis 37:14, ע׳ בְּגִבְעוֹן Yeshaya 28:21; Yehoshua 8:13, ע׳ הָאֵלָה Shmuel Alef 17:2, Shmuel Alef 17:19; Shmuel Alef 21:10 (perhaps Wady es-Sant, in Shephelah, W. of Bethlehem, G.A. Smith^{Geogr. 226}); ע׳ אֲשֶׁר לְבֵית רְחוֹב Shoftim 18:28 in extreme north; in Moab Yirmiya 48:8 (‖ [opposite?] מִישׁוֹר); or wider, for example Shoftim 5:15 (scene of Sisera’s defeat; read perhaps ע׳ also for עֲמָלֵק v Shoftim 5:14 G.F. Moore), ע׳ יִזְרְעֶ֑אל Shoftim 6:33; Hoshea 1:5; Yehoshua 17:16, compare Shoftim 7:1, Shoftim 7:8, Shoftim 7:12; Shmuel Alef 31:7 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 10:7, these all perhaps narrow ends of plain (compare G.A. Smith^l.c.), but see Melachim Alef 20:28 (opposite הֶהָרִים; ‖ מִישׁוֹר v Melachim Alef 20:23; = open country, compare Aphek v Melachim Alef 20:26); of Jordan-valley Yehoshua 13:19, Yehoshua 13:27; of Philistine plain (opposite הָהָר) Shoftim 1:19, Shoftim 1:34; fit for chariots, so also אֶרֶץ הָע׳ Yehoshua 17:16, compare Iyov 39:21; ישֶׁבֶת הָע׳ Yirmiya 21:13, compare Bamidbar 14:25 (see Giesebrecht Dillmann); cultivated Shmuel Alef 6:13; Yirmiya 49:4^(×2) Iyov 39:10, fertile Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:29 Tehillim 65:14; Shir HaShirim 2:1; see also אַיָּלוֹן, בָּכָא, בְּרָכָה, ii. חָרוּץ, יְהוֹשָׁפָט, סֻכּוֹת, עָכוֹר, קְצִיץ, רְפָאִים, שִׂדִּים; בֵּית הָע׳ see p. 112and—For עִמְקָם Yirmiya 47:5 read עֲנָקִם Anakim Septuagint Gesenius' Thesaurus Hitzig Graf Giesebrecht Co Rothst; so also (more doubtful) Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:16 (van d. H. v Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:15) Graf Giesebrecht, where otherwise הָע׳ = people of valleys.

עָמֹק²

adjective deep (compare Barth^{NB § 23b});—

ע׳ literally Vayikra 13:3 + 6 times Vayikra 13; f. עֲמֻקָּה of cup Yechezkel 23:32, trench Mishlei 22:14; Mishlei 23:27 (all 3 in simile); ע׳ מִשְּׁאוֹל Iyov 11:8 (figuratively); plural מַיִם עֲמֻקִּים (simile) Mishlei 18:4; Mishlei 20:5.

= unsearchable עָמֹק Tehillim 64:7 Koheles 7:24^(×2); plural עֲמֻקוֹת (Baer עֲמוּקוֹת, van d. H. עֲמֻקּוֹת) Iyov 12:22.

עָמוֹק

proper name (masc.) a priest Nechemia 12:7, Nechemia 12:20, Αμουκ.

עֹ֫מֶר

noun (masc.) ^{Vayikra 23:11} sheaf (swath, row of fallen grain, Wetzstein^{Z.f. Ethnol. 1873, 273 (Syriac Dreschtafel)}, ag. him Vogelstein^{LandwirthschaftinPal. 61} who trans. heap of sheaves);—ע׳ absolute Devarim 24:19; Vayikra 23:11, Vayikra 23:12, Vayikra 23:15, construct v Vayikra 23:10; figuratively of food (absolute) Iyov 24:10; plural עֳמָרִים literally Rus 2:7, Rus 2:15.

עֹ֫מֶר²

noun (masc.) ^{Shemos 16:22} omer (compare Arabic غُمَرٌ small drinking cup or bowl; relation to i. ע׳ obscure);—a measure, only Shemos 16;—the measure itself v Shemos 16:18, Shemos 16:32, Shemos 16:33; amount measured v Shemos 16:16, Shemos 16:22; = 1/10 ephah v Shemos 16:36; Septuagint γόμορ.

עָמִיר

n.[m.] swath, row of fallen grain (hay, as Mishn., according to Vogelstein^{l.c. 74f.} (who is then compelled to read עֹמֶר Micha 4:12), compare Syriac ܥܡܺܝܪ grass, Schwally^{Idiot. 69});—Amos 2:13 (on cart), Yirmiya 9:21 (falling behind reaper), Micha 4:12 (brought to threshing-floor), Zecharia 12:6 (inflammable).

עֲמֹרָה

proper name (place) Gomorrah, Γομορρα (Γ = غ;; √ II. עמר according to Lagarde^BN54);—always c. סְדֹם q.see; Breishis 10:19 + 8 times Gn, in simile Amos 4:11; Yeshaya 1:9; Yeshaya 13:19; Devarim 29:22; Yirmiya 49:18; Yirmiya 50:40; Tzefania 2:9, compare Devarim 32:32; figuratively of iniquity Yeshaya 1:10; Yirmiya 23:14.

עָמְרִי

proper name (masc.)

Omri, king of Israel (Mesha Inscription 4:5, 7 עמרי; in Assyrian Ḫumri Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament^Gloss.);—Melachim Alef 16:16 + 11 times Melachim Alef 16; Melachim Beis 8:26 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 22:2; Micha 6:16, Septuagint (Ζ)αμβρ(ε)ι.

name in Benj. Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:8.

in Judah Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:4.

in Issachar 27:18.

עַמְרָם

proper name (masc.) (√ עמר Noldeke^{ZMG xl (1886), 185}; poss. רָם + עַם Gesenius' Thesaurus, compare Gray^{Prop. N. 45, 47, 51});—

father of Moses Shemos 6:18, Shemos 6:20^(×2) + 4 times P, Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:28, Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:29 + 4 times Ch; Αμ(β)ραμ[ν].

עֲמָשָׂא

proper name (masc.) (compare עמס, עמשׂ? or read עַמִּשַׂי (ii. עַם + יִשַׂי), Wellhausen^{Isr. u. Jüd. Gesch. 24}, compare Gray^{Prop. N. 44, 323});—

Absalom’s general Shmuel Beis 17:25^(×2) Shmuel Beis 19:14 + 8 times Shmuel Beis 20; Melachim Alef 2:5, Melachim Alef 2:32; Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:17^(×2), Septuagint Αμεσσ(α)ει, SeptuagintL Αμεσσα.

Ephraimite Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:12.

עֲמָשַׂי

proper name (masc.) (compare foregoing);—

warrior of David Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:19 (van d. H. v Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:18), Αμασαι, perhaps = אֲבִישִׁי (Shmuel Beis 23:18).

Levites;

Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:10, Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:20 (עֲמָשָׁ֑י).

Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:12.

priest Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:24.

עֵנָב

noun (masc.) ^{Breishis 40:11} grape(s) (on formation compare Lagarde^{BN 153});—ע׳ absolute Devarim 32:14 (coll.); elsewhere plural עֲנָבִים Breishis 40:10 +; construct עִנְּבֵי (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 20 h) Vayikra 25:5; Devarim 32:32; with suffix עֲנָבֵמוֹ v Devarim 32:32;—grapes Breishis 40:10, Breishis 40:11, Amos 9:13 (all as yielding juice for drink), Hoshea 9:10 (simile), Yeshaya 5:2, Yeshaya 5:4 (parable), Yirmiya 8:13; Nechemia 13:15; Vayikra 25:5; מִשְׁרַת ע׳ Bamidbar 6:3, poet. דַּם־ע׳ Breishis 49:11; Devarim 32:14; בִּכּוּרֵי ע׳ Bamidbar 13:20, אֶשְׁכּוֹל ע׳ v Bamidbar 13:23; eaten Devarim 23:25 so ע׳ לַחִים וִיבֵשִׁים Bamidbar 6:3; אֲשִׁישֵׁי ע׳ Hoshea 3:1 raisin-cakes; ע׳ רוֹשׁ Devarim 32:12 grapes of poison.

עֲנָב

proper name (place) in hill-country of Judah Yehoshua 11:21; Yehoshua 15:50, Αναβ(ωθ), Ανωβ[ν], mod. ʿAnab, Yehoshua 15:18 1/2 miles SW. from Hebron, Buhl^{Geogr. 164}.

עָנוּב

proper name (masc.) Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:8, Εννων, SeptuagintL Άνωβ.

עֹ֫נֶג

n.[m.] daintiness, exquisite delight;—הֵיכְלֵי ע׳ Yeshaya 13:22; וְקָרָאתָ לַשַּׁבָּת ע׳ Yeshaya 58:13.

עָנָה

verb answer, respond (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, respond, make response; Targum עֲנָא; Syriac ܥܢܳܐ; Old Aramaic Palmyrene ענה; compare Arabic عنى, عَنَا intend by saying);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ע׳ Micha 6:5 +; with suffix עָנַנִי Shmuel Alef 28:15 +, עָנָךְ Yeshaya 30:19; Yirmiya 23:37, עָנָהוּ Shmuel Alef 9:17 +; 1st singular עָנִיתִי Hoshea 14:9, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַעֲנֶה Breishis 41:16 +, וַיַּעַן Amos 7:14 +, with suffix יַעֲנֵנִי Iyov 20:3 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) עֲנֵה Micha 6:3; Mishlei 26:5 etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct עֲנוֹת Breishis 45:3 + [Shmuel Beis 22:36 see עֲנָוָה]; participle (בינוני) עֹנֶה Shoftim 19:28 +, etc.;—

answer, respond to sthg. said, actual or implied, Shoftim 8:8; Shmuel Alef 4:20; Iyov 9:15 +; especially

of men, with a direct object person Breishis 45:3, Shoftim 5:29; Melachim Beis 18:36 = Yeshaya 36:21; Iyov 5:1 + very often (c. 110 times); specif. be responsive, that is answer kindly, grant request Melachim Alef 12:7 (with suffix person); = be amenable, docile (toward י׳) Hoshea 2:17 (of Isr. in figuratively); seldom and late, with a direct object of thing replied to, Iyov 32:12; Iyov 33:13 (De Dillmann Budde), Iyov 40:2.

of God answering (graciously): usually with a direct object person; by oracle Shmuel Alef 14:37; Shmuel Alef 28:6, Shmuel Alef 28:15 +, figuratively Chavakuk 2:11; by deed Shmuel Alef 7:9; Melachim Alef 18:37^(×2), compare בָּאֵשׁ v Melachim Alef 18:24; Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:26, and especially Hoshea 2:23, Hoshea 2:24; Hoshea 14:9, see also Micha 3:4 Yeshaya 41:17; Yeshaya 49:8 Yirmiya 33:3; Iyov 12:4 +, especially ψψ, for example Iyov 3:5; Iyov 4:2; Iyov 20:2 + 33 times, etc. (in all c. 77 times);

rarely with a direct object, or cl., of answer: אלהים יַע׳ אֶת־שְׁלוֹם פַּרְעֹה Breishis 41:16; Iyov 15:2; Mishlei 18:23; Nechemia 8:6 they responded, Amen! Shmuel Beis 19:43 they made reply against Isr. (c. עַל against, only here), + quoted answer; with a direct object person + answer Shmuel Alef 20:28 Jonathan answered Saul, David asked leave, etc.; c. 2 direct object (c. 20 times) Melachim Beis 18:36 = Yeshaya 36:21; Iyov 23:5 +; so = grant, vouchsafe to, נוֹרָאוֹת תַּעֲנֵנוּ Tehillim 65:6 terrible things dost thou [י׳] vouchsafe to us.

often + אָמַר Breishis 18:27 Abr. answered and said, Shemos 4:1, Shemos 19:8, Iyov 4:1; Iyov 6:1 etc.; + אָמַר אֶל־ Breishis 27:39 + 16 times; + א׳ לְ v Breishis 27:37 + 8 times; ע׳ + direct object person + אמר, Shmuel Alef 9:8 he answered Saul and said, + 23 times (in all c. 130 times); seldom + לֵאמֹר †Bamidbar 32:31, ע׳ + direct object person + לא׳ Breishis 23:5, Breishis 23:10, Breishis 23:14, Breishis 41:16; Breishis 42:22, Yehoshua 1:16

seldom + דִּבֶּר Yehoshua 22:21, Melachim Beis 1:10, Melachim Beis 1:11, Melachim Beis 1:12; ע׳ + direct object person + ד׳ Breishis 34:13.

respond to an occasion, speak in view of circumstances: Shmuel Alef 9:17 (direct object person + quot.), Shoftim 18:14 (+ אָמַר), Bamidbar 11:28 (+ the same), Melachim Beis 1:11 (+ the same), + 19 times

figuratively יַעֲנֶה אֶת־הַכֹּל Koheles 10:19 money meets all demands.

specif. respond as a witness, testify, so perhaps pt. עֹנֶה (absolute) Malachi 2:12 (in good sense); c. בְּ person = in the case of = for Breishis 30:33; usually against, Shmuel Alef 12:3; Shmuel Beis 1:16; Yeshaya 3:9; Yeshaya 59:12; Micha 6:3; Yirmiya 14:7; Iyov 15:6; Bamidbar 35:30, Rus 1:21 (> Be be occupied with; old versions Luth Kittel^Kau עִנָּה humiliate); c. בְּפָנָיו Hoshea 5:5; Hoshea 7:10; Iyov 16:8; c. לְפָנָיו Devarim 31:21 (+ לְעֵד as witness); c. בְּ person + direct object of charge, סָרָה Devarim 19:16, of false witness שֶׁקֶר v Devarim 19:18, עֵד־שֶׁקֶר Shemos 20:13 (Ginsb v Shemos 20:13), ‖ Devarim 5:17, Mishlei 25:18: absolute (bad implic.) Shemos 23:2 (E; עַל concerning).

less often make response as one accused (respondent) Iyov 9:14, Iyov 9:15.

make answer, subj. י׳, c. ל person, past (עבר) 1st singular נַעֲנֵיתִי Yechezkel 14:4; participle (בינוני) נַעֲנֶה v Yechezkel 14:7 (Qal not in Ez).

be answered: future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יֵעָנֶה,

Iyov 11:2 (subj. words).

of man = receive answer Mishlei 21:13, so 1st singular אֵעָנֶה Iyov 19:7.

participle (בינוני) מַעֲנֶה בְּשִׂמְחַת לִבּוֹ Koheles 5:19, wholly doubtful; Hitzig (God) cause (all things) to respond in the joy of his heart; De answers to the joy, etc.; de Jong Wild occupies him (II. עָנָה with the joy, etc.

עֵת

noun (fem.) Amos 5:13 and (seldom, mostly late) m. ^{Ezra 10:14} time (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Phoenician עת; Assyrian inu, ittu, time; Talm עַנְתָּא; clearly from a √ ענה, but doubtful whether I. ע׳);—absolute ע׳ Hoshea 10:12 +, construct ע׳ Breishis 24:11 +, עֶת־ Vayikra 15:25 + 5 times; with suffix עִתּוֹ Hoshea 2:11 +, etc.; plural, late, עִתִּים Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:32 +, with suffix עִתֶּיךָ Yeshaya 33:6; עִתּוֹת Tehillim 9:10; Tehillim 10:1, with suffix עִתֹּתָ֑י Tehillim 31:16;—ע׳ only twice P, once H;—

time of an event, etc.:

usually (213 times) c. preposition: c. בְּ (142 times), especially בָּע׳ הַהִוא Breishis 21:22 in that time, Breishis 38:1, Bamidbar 22:4, Devarim 1:9 + 14 times Dt; בָּע׳ הַהִיא Yehoshua 5:2; Amos 5:13; Daniel 12:1^(×2) + (69 times, not in P); בָּע׳ הַזֹּאת Esther 4:14, בָּעִתִּים הָהֵם Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:5; Daniel 11:14; בְּכָל־עֵת at all times Shemos 18:22, Shemos 18:26, Vayikra 16:2 Tehillim 34:2 +; = continually Mishlei 8:30, בְּכָל־עֵת אֲשֶׁר Esther 5:13 as long as I see Mordecai; c. לְ (31 times; compare ל 6, p. 516 above), Shmuel Beis 11:1 + at the time, but Yechezkel 12:27 for distant times, compare לְעֵת כָּזֹאת Esther 4:14, etc.; c. כְּ (21 times; compare ב 1 a, p. 453 above), †מָחָר כָּע׳ הַזֹּאת Yehoshua 11:6 tomorrow about this time, usually כָּע׳ מָחָר (Konig^{Synt. 401 o}) Shemos 9:18, Shmuel Alef 9:16 (compare Driver), Shmuel Alef 20:12; Melachim Alef 19:2; Melachim Alef 20:6; Melachim Beis 7:1, Melachim Beis 7:18; Melachim Beis 10:6 †; כָּעֵת חַיָּה see p. 312; †כָּעֵת הָרִאשׁוֹן Yeshaya 8:23 at the former time; כָּעֵת alone Bamidbar 23:23 at this time = now (probably, compare Dillmann), Shoftim 13:23; Shoftim 21:22, etc.; c. מִן (8 times;), מִן הָעֵת הַהִא Nechemia 13:21, etc.; c. עַד (12 times), עַד־הָע׳ הַהִיא Nechemia 6:1 up to that time, מֵעֵת עַד־עֵת Yechezkel 4:10, Yechezkel 4:11, etc. (5 times Dn); c. אֶל־, מֵעֵת אֶל־עֵת Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:25.

often construct defined by n.following: בְּעֵת צָהֳרָ֑יִם Yirmiya 20:16, לְעֵת (הָ)עֶרֶב Shmuel Beis 11:12; Breishis 8:11; Breishis 24:11 (both J), Yeshaya 17:14; Zecharia 14:7, עַד־עֵת הָעָ֑רֶב Yehoshua 8:29, כְּעֵת מִנְחַת עֶרֶב Daniel 9:21, redundantly לְעֶת־יוֹם בְּיוֹם Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:23, ע׳ (ה)קָצִיר Yirmiya 50:16; Yirmiya 51:33, ע׳ הַזָּמִיר Shir HaShirim 2:12, ע׳ זִקְנָה Melachim Alef 11:4; Melachim Alef 15:23 Tehillim 71:9, בְּע׳ אַפְּךָ Yirmiya 18:23 = לְע׳ פָּנֶיךָ Tehillim 21:10 (of anger), לְעִתּוֹת בַּצָּרָה Tehillim 9:10; Tehillim 10:1 at times of destitution (see בַּצָּרָה), etc.

followed byinf. לְע׳ בּוֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Yehoshua 10:27, Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:34, בְּע׳ קָרְאָם Yirmiya 11:14 (read בְּעֵת also v b, Giesebrecht), etc.

followed by cl. c. verb fin. (poet. or late) Devarim 32:35; Iyov 6:17; Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:22; Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:11; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:27 + (compare 2 c).

= usual time: לְע׳ צֵאת Shmuel Beis 11:1 at the time of kings’ going forth = Divrei HaYamim Alef 20:1; בְּעֵת יַחֵם Breishis 31:10; עֵת לֶדֶת Iyov 39:1, Iyov 39:2.

proper, suitable time: rain בְּעִתּוֹ Devarim 11:14; Yirmiya 5:24 +, compare Vayikra 26:4, also Tehillim 1:3; Tehillim 104:27; Tehillim 145:15; Mishlei 15:23; Yeshaya 60:22; Koheles 3:11; עֵת מִלְחָמָה v Koheles 3:8, ע׳ שָׁלוֹם v Koheles 3:8; followed byinf. Hoshea 10:12, הַעֵת לָקַחַת Melachim Beis 5:26 is it a time to take money? Chaggai 1:4, לְהִבָּנוֹת עֶת־בֵּית י׳ v Chaggai 1:2 (v a read עַתָּ בָּא Hitzig Wellhausen Nowack and elsewhere); עֵת לַעֲשׂוֹת Tehillim 119:126, compare Koheles 3:2-8 (26 times); absolute כִּי עֵת Hoshea 13:13 (Hitzig Wellhausen and elsewhere; Guthe^Kau gives עַתָּ; > Nowack כָּעֵת); absolute c. neg. Iyov 22:16; Koheles 7:17; hence (late) יוֹדְעֵי בִינָה לָעִתִּים Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:32, יֹדְעֵי הָעִתִּים Esther 1:13 that is astrologers, etc.

appointed time, בְּעֵת תֵּת וגו׳ Shmuel Alef 18:19 at the appointed time of giving, Yechezkel 7:7, Yechezkel 7:12 Yeshaya 13:22, ע׳ פְּקֻדָּתָם Yirmiya 8:12; Yirmiya 10:15 = Yirmiya 51:18, Yirmiya 46:21; Yirmiya 50:27 compare (c.verb fin.) Yirmiya 6:15; Yirmiya 49:8; Yirmiya 50:31, ע׳ אַרְצוֹ Yirmiya 27:7, ע׳ גּוֹיִם Yechezkel 30:3, מְזֻמָּנִים לְעִתִּים Ezra 10:14 Nechemia 10:35 compare Nechemia 13:31; עַד־ע׳ מוֹעֵד Shmuel Beis 24:15, Tehillim 102:14 (‖ מוֹעֵד), etc.; compare עֵת וּמִשְׁפָּט Koheles 8:5, Koheles 8:6 (for time of judgment), עִתּוֹ Koheles 9:12; especially לְעֵת קֵץ Daniel 8:7 compare Daniel 11:35, Daniel 11:40; Daniel 12:4, Daniel 12:9, בְּע׳ עֲוֹן קֵץ Yechezkel 21:30, Yechezkel 21:34 compare Yechezkel 35:5; לְקֵץ הָעִתּים Daniel 11:13.

as uncertain עֵת וָפֶגַע Koheles 9:11.

= experiences, fortunes, plural אֱמוּנַת עִתֶּיךָ Yeshaya 33:6, Tehillim 31:16; הָעִתִּים אֲשֶׁר עָֽבְרוּ עָלָיו Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:30.

occurrence, occasion (= פַּעַם), רַבּוֹת עִתִּים Nechemia 9:28 great numbers of times (= very often).

עַתָּ֫ה

(also Yechezkel 23:43 Tehillim 74:6 עת Kesiv, Keri עַתָּה), עָ֑֫תָּה Breishis 32:5 +, adverb of time, now (proposes direct object of [’int], עֵת (Konig^{ii. 260}), at the time, in partic. of the present time, that is now; compare Germ. zur Zeit, Arabic اَلْآنَ at the time, that is now);—now:

Breishis 12:19 ועתה הנה אשׁתך and now, behold thy wife, Breishis 22:12 כי עתה ידעתי now I know (so Shemos 18:11; Shoftim 17:13; Melachim Alef 17:24 [עַתָּה זֶה], Tehillim 20:7), Breishis 26:22, Breishis 26:29; Breishis 27:36; Breishis 31:13, Breishis 31:28, etc., Shemos 5:5 הן רבים עתה עם הארץ; whether in opposite to past time, as Breishis 32:11; Yehoshua 14:11 כְּכֹחִי אָז וּכְכֹחִי עָ֑תָּה, Shoftim 11:8; Melachim Alef 12:4; Yeshaya 1:21 ועתה מרצהים, Yeshaya 16:14 Hoshea 2:9 כִּי טוֹב לִי אָז מֵעָ֑תָּה, Hoshea 13:2; Iyov 30:1 +, or to future, as Bamidbar 24:17 אֶרְאֶנּוּ ולא עתה, Shoftim 8:6 הֲכַף זֶבַח וצ׳ עַתָּה־בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ, Shmuel Alef 2:16 כִּי עַתָּה תִּתֵּן; = after all Bamidbar 22:38; Shoftim 8:2; = now at last Shmuel Beis 24:16; Melachim Alef 19:4; Melachim Beis 19:25; Hoshea 7:2; Yirmiya 4:12; and in the phr. מעתה ועד עולם †Yeshaya 9:6; Yeshaya 59:21; Micha 4:7 (see below), Tehillim 113:2; Tehillim 115:18; Tehillim 121:8; Tehillim 125:2; Tehillim 131:3.

of the imminent or impending future: Breishis 19:9 עַתָּה נָרַע לְךָ מֵהֶם, Breishis 29:32 כי עתה יאהבני אישׁי, v Breishis 29:34 Shemos 6:1 עתה תראה, Bamidbar 11:23; Bamidbar 22:4; Shmuel Beis 20:6; Yeshaya 33:10 (Tehillim 12:6), Yeshaya 43:19; Yeshaya 49:19; Amos 6:7 לכן עתה יִגְלוּ, Yeshaya 49:19; Micha 7:4, Micha 7:10; Daniel 10:20; and especially ἀσυνδέτως in Hos, introducing a punishment, Hoshea 4:16 עתה יִרְעֵם י׳ וגו׳ Hoshea 5:7; Hoshea 8:8, Hoshea 8:13 (Yirmiya 14:10), Yirmiya 10:2.

of a time ideally present (= then, from our point of view): Yeshaya 29:22 לא עתה יבושׁ יעקב, v b Hoshea 10:3; Micha 4:9, Micha 4:10, Micha 4:11, Micha 4:14; Micha 5:3.

describing a present state = as things are: Shmuel Alef 8:5 thou art old, etc., עתה שִׂימָה לנו מלך, Shmuel Alef 9:6; Shmuel Alef 13:12; Shmuel Alef 14:30; Shmuel Alef 25:7; Shmuel Alef 27:1 now I shall be swept away one day, etc., Melachim Beis 18:20, Melachim Beis 18:25; Iyov 6:21; Iyov 14:16; Iyov 16:7.

with an imperative (ציווי), as an encouragement, implying that the time has come for the exhortation or advice to be followed, Breishis 31:13 עתה קום צא, Shemos 18:19 עתה שְׁמַע בקולי, Bamidbar 22:11 Devarim 2:13 Yeshaya 30:8.

Phrases:

עַתָּה זֶה (זֶה 4 h) †Melachim Alef 17:24 Melachim Beis 5:22.

ועתה and, now, or now, therefore (וְ 4), drawing a conclusion, especially (compare 1 e) a practical one, from what has been stated: Breishis 3:22 and now (since man has once been disobedinet), lest he put forth his hand, etc., Breishis 20:7; Breishis 21:23 וְעַתָּה הִשָּֽׁבְעָה לִי הֵ֫נָּה, Breishis 27:3, Breishis 27:8 ועתה בני שְׁמַע בקולי, Breishis 30:30; Breishis 31:16, Breishis 31:44; Breishis 37:20 + often, Yeshaya 5:3, Yeshaya 5:5; Yeshaya 36:8 Tehillim 2:10; Breishis 11:6 ועתה לֹא־יִבָּצֵר מֵהֶם וגו׳, Breishis 31:30; Breishis 45:8; Shmuel Beis 19:11 Tehillim 39:8 ועתה מַה־קִּוִּיתִי אֲדֹנָי, Yeshaya 52:5.

וְעַתָּה הִנֵּה stating the ground on which some conclusion or action is to be based, Shemos 3:9 Yehoshua 14:10^(×2) Shmuel Alef 12:2; Shmuel Alef 24:21; Melachim Alef 1:18; Yirmiya 40:4 (with ועתה usually repeated after the הנה-clause).

גם עתה Breishis 44:10; Shmuel Alef 12:16; Melachim Alef 14:14; Yoel 2:12; Iyov 16:19.

מֵעַתָּה from now, henceforth, Yirmiya 3:4; Yeshaya 48:6; Daniel 10:17 (according to some, here = from just now), Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:9; מעתה ועד עולם, see above 1 a end.

עַד־עַתָּה until now, Breishis 32:5 וָאֵחַר עד־ע׳, Devarim 12:9 לא באתם עד ע׳ אל הנחלה (opposite to the fut.), Melachim Beis 13:23; especially after clause with מִן, Breishis 46:34 מִנְּעוּרֵינוּ וְעַד־ע׳ (Shmuel Beis 19:8 Yechezkel 4:14), Shemos 9:18; Melachim Beis 8:6; Rus 2:7.

כִּי עַתָּה for in this case, in our idiom, for then (עתה pointing to a condition assumed as a possible contingency; compare Driver^{§ 141, 142}); †(a) Shemos 9:15 כי עתה שׁלחתי וגו׳ for then (if the intention expressed in v Shemos 9:14 had not existed) I should have put forth my hand, etc., Bamidbar 22:29 כי עתה הֲרַגְתִּיךְ, Shmuel Alef 13:13; Iyov 3:13; followed by impf. Iyov 6:3 for then (if it were weighed, v Iyov 6:2) it would be heavier, etc., Iyov 13:19 for then would I be silent and die; (b) after a protasis, surely then Breishis 31:42 + (see כִּי 1 d b, p. 472).—

Read כְּמוֹ עַתָּ (Septuagint Vulgate) as now, for כְּמוֹ עֵת Yechezkel 16:57, עַתָּ נִשְׁבַּרְתְּ (Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate) now art thou broken! for עֵת נִשְׁבֶּרֶת Yechezkel 27:34, and probably עַתָּ בָּא (Hitzig Wellhausen Konig Nowack, compare Septuagint Peshitta) for עֶת־בֹּא Chaggai 1:2; also עַתָּה for אַתָּה Melachim Alef 1:20, and אַתָּה for עַתָּה v Melachim Alef 1:18; Shmuel Beis 18:3.

עַתַּי

proper name (masc.) (Ι)εθθει

of Judah Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:35 (עַתָּ֑י), v Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:36.

of Gad Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:11.

Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:20

עִתִּי

adjective timely, ready (Gk. ὡραῖος);—אִישׁ ע׳ Vayikra 16:21 a man who is in readiness.

עָנָה²

verb be occupied, busied with (ב), only Ec (perhaps Aramaic loan-word; Syriac ܥܢܳܐ be occupied with, ܥܶܢܝܳܢ occupation, affair; compare Arabic عنى, عَنَا concern one, also be occupied by; Ecclus 42:8 ^margin);—

infinitive (מקור) עֲנוֹת Koheles 1:13; Koheles 3:10.

עִנְיָן

noun (masc.) ^{Koheles 1:13} occupation, task, only Ec (Aramaic loan-word Lagarde^{BN 205}; common in Mishnaic Hebrew);—ע׳ absolute Koheles 2:26; Koheles 3:10; Koheles 5:2; Koheles 8:16; with suffix כַּעַס עִנְיָנוֹ Koheles 2:23 his task is (sheer) vexation; עִנְיָן רָע Koheles 1:13 an evil (worthless) task, so Koheles 4:8 (Mass. עִנְיַן as if construct, see Baer^{1, 13} but Konig^{ii. 1, 99}), and, in weakened sense, Koheles 5:13 a bad business, bad affair.

עָנָה³

verb be bowed down, afflicted (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Mesha Inscription Pi. ויענו l⁵, אענו l⁶; Assyrian enû, thwart, frustrate, do violence to; Arabic عنو, عَنَا be lowly, submissive, see Rahlfs^{עָנִי und עָנָו in d. Psalmen (1892), 67 ff.}; Targum עַנִּי Pa. oppress; Syriac Ethpe. humble oneself, and deriv.);—

past (עבר) 1st singular עָנִיתִי Tehillim 116:10; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַעֲנֶה Yeshaya 25:5; Yeshaya 31:4, etc.;—

be put down or become low, of song of triumph Yeshaya 25:5 (others as Hiph. he putteth down, ‖ תַּכְנִיעַ).

be depressed, downcast Yeshaya 31:4 (of lion; ‖ יֵחָ֑ת).

be afflicted Tehillim 116:10; Tehillim 119:67; Zecharia 10:2.

past (עבר) 1st singular נַעֲנֵיתִי Tehillim 119:107; infinitive (מקור) construct לֵעָנֹת (perhaps read as Qal Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 51 l) Shemos 10:3; participle (בינוני) נַעֲנֶה Yeshaya 53:7; fs. נַעֲנָה Yeshaya 58:10;—

humble oneself מִפְּנֵי Shemos 10:3.

be afflicted Tehillim 119:107 Yeshaya 53:7; Yeshaya 58:10.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular עִנָּה Devarim 22:24 + 5 times; 2nd masculine singular עִנִּיתָ Tehillim 88:8; 1st singular עִנֵּיתִי Tehillim 35:13, with suffix וְעִנִּתִךְ consec. Nachum 1:12, etc.; future (עתיד) יְעַנֶּה Iyov 37:23, etc.; imperative (ציווי) עַנּוּ Shoftim 19:24; infinitive (מקור) absolute עַנֵּה Shemos 22:22; construct עַנּוֹת Yeshaya 58:5 +, etc.; participle (בינוני) plural with suffix מְעַנַּיִךְ Yeshaya 60:14 Tzefania 3:19;—

humble, mishandle, afflict: individual Breishis 16:6; Breishis 31:50 Shemos 22:21, Shemos 22:22^(×2) Iyov 30:11; by imprisonment and bonds Shoftim 16:5, Shoftim 16:6, Shoftim 16:19 Tehillim 105:18; a nation by way or in bondage Breishis 15:13 Shemos 1:11, Shemos 1:12; Bamidbar 24:24^(×2) Devarim 26:6; Shmuel Alef 12:8 (inserting וַיְעַנּוּם מִצְרַיִם, so Septuagint Driver Budde Kittel H.P. Smith (compare Th Wellhausen]), Shmuel Beis 7:10; Melachim Beis 17:20 Tehillim 94:5; Yeshaya 60:14; Tzefania 3:19; dynasty of David Tehillim 89:23.

humble, a woman by cohabit., Breishis 34:2 Devarim 21:14; Devarim 22:24, Devarim 22:29; Shoftim 19:24; Shoftim 20:5 Shmuel Beis 13:12, Shmuel Beis 13:14, Shmuel Beis 13:22, Shmuel Beis 13:32; Yechezkel 22:10, Yechezkel 22:11; Eicha 5:11.

afflict as a discipline (God agent) Devarim 8:2, Devarim 8:3, Devarim 8:16; Melachim Alef 11:39 Tehillim 88:8; Tehillim 90:15; Tehillim 119:75; Yeshaya 64:11 Nachum 1:12^(×2) Eicha 3:33.

humble, weaken, object כֹּחַ Tehillim 102:24; משׁפט Iyov 37:23 (compare Talm עִנָּה דִּין); נֶפֶשׁ oneself, by fasting Vayikra 16:29, Vayikra 16:31; Vayikra 23:27, Vayikra 23:32; Bamidbar 29:7 Tehillim 35:13; Yeshaya 58:3, Yeshaya 58:5; by an oath Bamidbar 30:14.

past (עבר) 1st singular עֻנֵּיתִי Tehillim 119:71; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תְּעֻנֶּה Vayikra 23:29; infinitive (מקור) construct with suffix עֻנּוֹתוֹ Tehillim 132:1; participle (בינוני) מְעֻנֶּה Yeshaya 53:4;—

be afflicted, in discipline by God Tehillim 119:71; Tehillim 132:1 Yeshaya 53:4.

be humbled by fasting Vayikra 23:29.

future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular with suffix תַּעֲנֵם Melachim Alef 8:35 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:26 afflict, in discipline.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִתְעַנָּה Melachim Alef 2:26; 2nd masculine singular הִתְעַנִּיתָ v Melachim Alef 2:26; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יִתְעַנּוּ Tehillim 107:17; imperative (ציווי) הִתְעַנִּי Breishis 16:9; infinitive (מקור) construct הִתְעַנּוֹת Ezra 8:21 Daniel 10:12;—

humble oneself (c. תַּחַת יָדֶיהָ Breishis 16:9.

be afflicted, by men Melachim Alef 2:26^(×2) by God in discipline Tehillim 107:17.

humble oneself in fasting Ezra 8:21 Daniel 10:12.

עָנָו

(?; Lagarde^{BN 48}) noun (masc.) poor, afflicted, humble, meek;—עָנָו Bamidbar 12:3 (Kesiv; Keri עָנָיו is to ensure the—ָ according to Dillmann Konig^{ii 1, 76}); elsewhere plural עֲנָוִים Yeshaya 29:19 + 11 times + Kesiv עֲנָוִים Yeshaya 32:7 Tehillim 9:19 (Keri עֲנִיִּים); Keri עֲנָוִים Tehillim 9:13; Tehillim 10:12 Mishlei 3:34; Mishlei 14:21; Mishlei 16:19 (Kesiv עניים); construct עַנְוֵי Tzefania 2:3 + 2 times, + Kesiv ענוי (Keri עֲנִיֵּי) Amos 8:4 (so Iyov 24:4 van d. H.; but עֲנִיֵּי Kesiv and Keri Baer Ginsb)—these forms shew confusion with עָנִי, which is perhaps only another form of עָנָו (otherwise Rahlfs^{op. cit. 62 f.} Driver^‘Poor’ in Hastings^DB; עָנָו = humble, meek, עָנִי = passive humbled, afflicted);—

poor, needy Mishlei 14:21 (Keri).

poor and weak, oppressed by rich and powerful Amos 2:7; Yeshaya 29:19; Yeshaya 32:7 (Kesiv); ענוי (ה)ארץ Tehillim 76:10 Yeshaya 11:4 Tzefania 2:3 Amos 8:4 (Kesiv), Iyov 24:4.

poor, weak and afflicted Israel (usually rendered meek) Tehillim 10:17; Tehillim 22:26; Tehillim 25:9^(×2); Tehillim 34:3; Tehillim 37:11; Tehillim 69:33 (עָנִי 3, also in all these ψψ), Tehillim 147:6; Tehillim 149:4 Yeshaya 61:1 (‖ נשׁברי לב, compare Yeshaya 66:2 עָנִי 3), Tehillim 9:19 (Kesiv) v Tehillim 9:13; Tehillim 10:12 (Keri).

humble, lowly, meek Bamidbar 12:3 (Moses); Mishlei 3:34; Mishlei 16:19 (both Keri).

עֲנָוָה

noun (fem.) humility;—ע׳ Mishlei 15:33 + 3 times; עַנְוָה־ (contr. because of Maqqeph, see Br^MP) Tehillim 45:5; עַנְוָֽתְךָ Tehillim 18:36 (= עֲנֹתְךָ Shmuel Beis 22:36 see I. ענה; read עֶזְרָֽתְךְ Olshausen Wellhausen);—

humility, meekness Tehillim 45:5 (doubtful), Mishlei 15:33; Mishlei 18:12; Mishlei 22:4 Tzefania 2:3 (probably gloss, see Wellhausen Nowack).

condescension Tehillim 18:36 (doubtful, see above).

עֱנוּת

noun (fem.) affliction;—Tehillim 22:25; Cheyne^{JBL xv (1896), 198} proposes צַעֲקַת cry [compare Septuagint Vulgate Targum], (צ dropped out after ץ).

עָנִי

adjective poor, afflicted, humble;—ע׳ Devarim 24:12 + 51 times; plural עֲנִיִּים Yeshaya 3:15 + 6 times; construct עֲנִיֵּי Yeshaya 10:2 + 4 times (see also Kesiv and Keri under עָנָו above); with suffix עֲנִיֶּיךָ Tehillim 72:2; Tehillim 74:19, עֲנִיֶּ֑ךָ Devarim 15:11; עֲנִיָּו Yeshaya 49:13; fs. עֲנִיָּה Yeshaya 51:21; Yeshaya 54:11 (+ Yeshaya 10:30 Masoretic Text, but read עֲנִיהָ, see I. ענה);—

poor, needy, ‖ אביון Devarim 15:11; Devarim 24:14, Devarim 24:15; Mishlei 31:20, ‖ יתום Iyov 24:12; Shemos 22:24, Devarim 24:12; having right to gleanings Vayikra 19:10; Vayikra 23:22; יְמֵי ע׳ Mishlei 15:15, compare Mishlei 14:21 (Kesiv).

poor and weak, oppressed by rich and powerful Yeshaya 3:14, Yeshaya 3:15; Yeshaya 32:7 (Keri), Yeshaya 58:7; Iyov 29:12; Iyov 36:6, Iyov 36:15; Mishlei 30:14; Koheles 6:8; Yechezkel 18:17; Zecharia 7:10; Iyov 24:4, also Amos 8:4 (Keri); ‖ דל Iyov 34:28; Mishlei 22:22; עֲנִיֵּי עַמִּי Yeshaya 10:2; ענו ואביון Iyov 24:14; Mishlei 31:9; Yirmiya 22:16; Yechezkel 16:49; Yechezkel 18:12; Yechezkel 22:29.

poor, weak, afflicted Israel, or pious in Israel afflicted by wicked nations or the wicked in Israel itself Tehillim 10:2, Tehillim 10:9^(×2), Tehillim 14:6 (doubtful, compare Tehillim 53:6) Tehillim 102:1 (or proper name), Yeshaya 14:32; Chavakuk 3:14; of Zion, עֲנִיָּה Yeshaya 51:21; Yeshaya 54:11; שׁד ע׳ Tehillim 12:6; יחיד וע׳ Tehillim 25:16; עני ואביון Tehillim 35:10; Tehillim 37:14; Tehillim 40:18 = Tehillim 70:6, Tehillim 74:21; Tehillim 86:1; Tehillim 109:16, Tehillim 109:22, plural Yeshaya 41:17; עני וְכוֹאֵב Tehillim 69:30; ע׳ וָרָשׁ Tehillim 82:3; עֱנוּת ע׳ Tehillim 22:25; ע׳ וְגׄוֵעַ Tehillim 88:16 ‖ דל Yeshaya 26:6 Tzefania 3:12; ע׳ וּנְכֵה־רוּחַ Yeshaya 66:2;—Zecharia 11:7, Zecharia 11:11 see ii. כְּנַעֲנִי;—God does not forget them Tehillim 9;Tehillim 13 (Kesiv)¹⁹ (Keri) Tehillim 10:12 (Kesiv) Tehillim 74:19, but has pity on them Yeshaya 49:13, saves Tehillim 34:7, delivers Tehillim 35:10, and bestows various favours Tehillim 68:11; Tehillim 140:13, the king also judges Tehillim 72:2, Tehillim 72:4, and delivers Tehillim 72:12.

humble, lowly, Zecharia 9:9 (victorious king); opposite לֵצִים Mishlei 3:34 (Kesiv); opposite גֵּאִים Mishlei 16:19 (Kesiv); עם עני opposite עינים רמות Tehillim 18:28 = Shmuel Beis 22:28.

עֳנִי

noun (masc.) affliction, poverty;—ע׳ Shemos 3:7 +; עֹ֑נִי Devarim 16:3 +, ע֑וֹנִי Tehillim 107:41, עוני Shmuel Beis 16:12 (Kesiv, but read עָנְיִי; > Keri עֵינִי !); with suffix עָנְיִי Breishis 31:42 +, עָנְיֵךְ Breishis 16:11, etc.;—

affliction, Iyov 36:15, Iyov 36:21 Tehillim 44:25; Tehillim 88:10; Tehillim 107:41; Tehillim 119:50, Tehillim 119:92 Eicha 1:3; Eicha 3:19; ארץ ע׳ Breishis 41:52; יְמֵי ע׳ Iyov 30:16, Iyov 30:27 Eicha 1:7; כּוּר ע׳ Yeshaya 48:10; חַבְלֵי ע׳ Iyov 36:8; אֲסִירֵי ע׳ Tehillim 107:10; בְּנֵי ע׳ Mishlei 31:5; ראה ע׳ Breishis 31:42, Shemos 3:7; Shemos 4:31, Devarim 26:7; Melachim Beis 14:26; Nechemia 9:9; Iyov 10:15 Tehillim 9:14; Tehillim 25:18; Tehillim 31:8; Tehillim 119:153; Eicha 1:9; Eicha 3:1, ins. also before עַמִּי Shmuel Alef 9:16 Septuagint Th Wellhausen Driver Kittel Budde H.P. Smith; ראה בע׳ Breishis 29:32, Shmuel Alef 1:11 Shmuel Beis 16:12 (see above); שׁמע ע׳ Breishis 16:11; העלה מע׳ Shemos 3:17; להם עני Devarim 16:3.

frustration, בְּעָנִיִי in spite of my frustration, Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:14.

עָנָה⁴

verb sing (Arabic عَنَّى sing, chant, غِنَآءٌ singing, chanting, etc.; Syriac ܥܰܢܺܝ sing responsively, ܥܽܘܢܺܝܬܳܐ hymn, refrain; poss. Assyrian enû, resound (?); Egyptian anni is loan-word according to Bondi⁸⁰);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular וְעָנוּ consec. Yirmiya 51:14; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַעֲנֶה Yirmiya 25:30; 3rd feminine singular וַתַּעַן Shemos 15:21; Shemos 15:3 fpl. וַתַּעֲנֶינָה Shmuel Alef 18:7, etc.; imperative (ציווי) עֱנוּ Bamidbar 21:17 Tehillim 147:7; infinitive (מקור) construct עֲנוֹת Shemos 32:18^(×2);—sing, utter tunefully, Shemos 15:21 and Miriam sang to (ל) them; of uttering shout (הֵידָד), as in vintage Yirmiya 25:30 (י׳ subj.; + אֶל־ person), in attack Yirmiya 51:14 (+ עַל־ person); קוֹל עֲנוֹתגְּבוּרָה(חֲלוּשָׁה) Shemos 32:18^(×2) Hoshea 2:17; c. ל rei see person laudat. Bamidbar 21:17 (well); Tehillim 147:7 (י׳; ‖ זַמְּרוּ), Ezra 3:11; + אָמַר Shmuel Alef 18:7 the women sang, and said; יַעֲגוּ בַמְּחֹלוֹת לֵאמֹר Shmuel Alef 21:12; Shmuel Alef 29:5; with a direct object rei laudat. Tehillim 119:172 (compare ‖ v Tehillim 119:171).—Yeshaya 13:22 see עון.

intens.: imperative (ציווי) עַנּוּ־לַהּ Yeshaya 27:2 sing sweetly of it; infinitive (מקור) קוֹל עַנּוֹת Shemos 32:18 the sound of distinct singing; compare לְעַנּוֹת Tehillim 88:1.

עֲנָה

proper name (masc.) Horites:—

Breishis 36:2 (read הַחֹרִי for הַחִוִּי see Dillmann) v Breishis 36:14, Breishis 36:18, Breishis 36:20, Breishis 36:25^(×2), Breishis 36:29 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:38, Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:41.

(‘nephew’ of 1) Breishis 36:24^(×2) = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:40.—Ανα, Α(ι)να(ν) (compare proper name (masc.) ען, Safa, Hal^{JAs 7, x. 374}).

עֵז²

noun (fem.) Breishis 15:9 she-goat;—absolute ע׳ Breishis 15:9 + 6 times; plural עִזִּים Breishis 27:9 + 65 times; with suffix עִזֶּיךָ Breishis 31:38;—

as property Breishis 30:22, Breishis 30:33, Breishis 30:35, Breishis 31:38, Shmuel Alef 25:2.

as food: עִזִּים (גְּדִי) גְּדָיֵי kid(s) of she-goats Breishis 27:9, Breishis 27:16 + 7 times, שְׂעִיר עִזּים Breishis 37:31 a buck of goats, he-goat, שֵׂה עִזִּים Devarim 14:4 a(n individual) goat; compare Vayikra 7:23 (P; fat forbidden); also חֲלֵב ע׳ Mishlei 27:27 goats’ milk.

as sacrificial victim, chiefly P:

in generally Vayikra 22:27, Bamidbar 15:11.

in בְּרִית Breishis 15:9 (compare v Breishis 15:18).

פֶּסַח Shemos 12:5 (שֶׂה), בְּנֵי עִזִּים Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:7.

עוֹלָה Vayikra 22:19, Vayikra 1:10 Bamidbar 28:30 (שְׂעִיר ע׳).

זֶבַח שְׁלָמִים Vayikra 3:12; Vayikra 17:3 (H; compare v Vayikra 17:5), אִשֶּׁה Bamidbar 18:17 (בְּכוֹר ע׳). f. חַטָּאת, שְׂעִיר ע׳ Yechezkel 43:22; Yechezkel 45:23 Vayikra 4:23 + 3 times Lv, Bamidbar 7:16 + 19 times Nu; שְׂעִירַת עִזִּים a single she-goat Vayikra 4:28; Vayikra 5:6; צְפִירֵי עִזִּים Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:21 he-goats.

עִזִּים = goats’ hair, as material Shmuel Alef 19:13, Shmuel Alef 19:16 Shemos 25:4 + 6 times P (Shemos 35:26 object of טָווּ!).

in simile חֲשִׂפֵי עִזִּים Melachim Alef 20:27 (see [חָשִׂיף]); כְּעֵדֶר הָע׳ Shir HaShirim 4:1; Shir HaShirim 6:5, of flowing, undulating hair.

צְפִיר הָע׳ Daniel 8:5, Daniel 8:8 he-goat in vision.

עִנְיָן²

see II. [ענה].

עָנֵם

see עֵין גַּנִּים.

עֲנָמִים

proper namegent. in (or near) Egypt Breishis 10:13 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:11, Αινειαμιειμ, Αινεμετιειμ, etc.; form doubtful and locality unknown, v conjunction in Dillmann.

עָנָן

noun (masc.) Shemos 19:16 cloud-mass, cloud;—(הֶ)ע׳ absolute Shemos 19:9 +; construct עֲנַזִ Hoshea 6:4 +; with suffix עֲנָֽנְךָ Bamidbar 14:14, עֲנָנוֹ Iyov 26:9; Iyov 37:15; plural עֲנָנִים Yirmiya 4:13;—

cloud-mass:

especially of theophanic cloud (58 times), chiefly at Exodus in (less often P), usually עַמּוּד הֶע׳ Shemos 13:21, Shemos 13:22 + (see עַמּוּד), but also ע׳ alone Shemos 34:5 compare Shemos 14:20, Bamidbar 10:34; Bamidbar 11:25; Bamidbar 14:14 (all ); עַב־הֶע׳ Shemos 19:9, ע׳ כָּבֵד v Shemos 19:16; ע׳ in P Shemos 16:10; Shemos 24:15 + 23 times; also Devarim 1:33; Devarim 4:11; Devarim 5:17, Tehillim 78:14; Tehillim 105:39; in temple Melachim Alef 8:10, Melachim Alef 8:11 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 5:13, Divrei HaYamim Beis 5:14, compare Yechezkel 1:4; Yechezkel 10:3, Yechezkel 10:4; hence in generally Tehillim 97:2, as symbol of protection Yeshaya 4:5; as a barrier Eicha 3:44; compare וע׳ אֲבַק רַגְלָיו Nachum 1:3.

of rain-bow cloud Breishis 9:13, Breishis 9:14^(×2), Breishis 9:16, Yechezkel 1:28 (simile).

עֲנַן־בֹּקֶר Hoshea 6:4; Hoshea 13:3 (simile of transitoriness; on phenom. in Pal. see Chaplin^{PEQ, 1883, 19}), compare Yeshaya 44:22; Iyov 7:9 (both the same); simile of invasion Yechezkel 38:9, Yechezkel 38:16, plural Yirmiya 4:13.

poet. in various connex. Iyov 26:8, Iyov 26:9; Iyov 38:9; c. אוֹר as thunder-cloud Iyov 37:11, Iyov 37:15;

symbol. of gloom Yechezkel 30:18; Yechezkel 32:7; יוֹם ע׳ וַעֲרָפֶל Tzefania 1:15; Yechezkel 34:12; Yoel 2:2, compare Yechezkel 30:3 (all of day of י׳).

ע׳ קְטֹרֶת Vayikra 16:13 cloud of incense, so Yechezkel 8:11 (del. ע׳ Septuagint Co Berthol, not Toy).

עֲנָנָה

noun (fem.) cloud (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 122t) Iyov 3:5.

עָנַן²

verb Pōʿ. practise soothsaying (probably denom., but orig. meaning doubtful; connex. with i. עָנָן (De Yeshaya 2:6) now generally abandoned; Löw^{ZMG xxxi (1877), 539} cp. עַיִן eye, so Wellhausen^{Skizzen iii. 148} (but see below); Robertson Smith^{JPhil. xiv (1885), 119 f.} cp. Arabic غُنَّةٌ nasal twang, hum of insects, whence diviners as crooning; Ewald Gerber³¹ of diviner as interpreting hum of insects, whisper of leaves, etc.; Wellhausen^{Heid. 2, 204} now cp. عَنَّ appear, that is dealers in phenomena);—past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular consec. וְעוֹנֵן Melachim Beis 21:6 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:6; future (עתיד) 2nd masculine plural וְלֹא תְעוֹנֵ֑נוּ Vayikra 19:26; participle (בינוני) as noun מְעוֹנֵן Devarim 18:10 (forbidden), plural מְעֹנְנִים v Devarim 18:14, מְעוֹ׳ Micha 5:11, אֵלוֹן מְעוֹנְנִים Shoftim 9:37 (see i. אֵלוֹן; seat of an oracle, compare Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 179, 2nd ed. 196}); also (without מְ, compare Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 233 Konig^{i. 349}) עֹנְנִים Yeshaya 2:6, with suffix עֹנְנֵיכֶם Yirmiya 27:9; fs. in בְּנֵי עֹנְנָה Yeshaya 57:3 sons of a soothsaying woman, figuratively of apostates.—Vid. כִּשֵּׁף, II. [נָחַשׁ], [קָסַם].

עָנָן²

proper name (masc.) Nechemia 10:27, Ηναμ, Η(ι)ναν (compare proper name (masc.) Sabean ענן SabDenkm³⁰; Palmyrene ענני).

עֲנַנְיָה

proper name

m. Nechemia 3:23, Ανανια(ς).

location Nechemia 11:32, Ανανια, Ανια; perhaps mod. Beit Ḫanîna, c. 4 miles NNW. from Jerusalem, compare Buhl^{Geogr. 167}.

עָנָף

n.[m.] branch(es), bough(s);—usually singular coll., absolute ע׳ branches of vine Yechezkel 17:8, plural only with suffix עֲנָפֶיהָ Tehillim 80:11 (both in figuratively); boughs of tree, construct עֲנַף Vayikra 23:40, with suffix (as if from *עֶנֶף Konig^{ii. 1, 74}) עַנְפְּכֶם Yechezkel 36:8; singular absolute (in figuratively) Malachi 3:19, of cedar Yechezkel 17:23; Yechezkel 31:3.

עֲנָק

n.[m.] neck, only in epith. gent. בְּנֵי הָעֲנָק long-necked (tall) men, early giant people about Hebron and in Philistia, Ενακ, Εναχ, Yehoshua 15:14 = Shoftim 1:20, without art. Bamidbar 13:33, Devarim 9:2; also יְלִידַי הָע׳ Bamidbar 13:22, Bamidbar 13:28; Yehoshua 15:14 (all ); called also עֲנָקִים long-necks, Ενακειμ, Yehoshua 14:12, Yehoshua 14:15, Yehoshua 11:21, Yehoshua 11:22, Devarim 2:10, Devarim 2:11, Devarim 2:21 + Yirmiya 47:5 (read עֲנָקִים for Masoretic Text עִמְקָם), and perhaps Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:16 (see עֵמֶק ad fin.); בְּנֵי עֲנָקִים Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:28 (Septuagint γίγαντες, compare Bamidbar 13:33), Bamidbar 9:2; עֲנָק later (erron.) as eponym. ancestor of Anaḳim Yehoshua 15:13 = עֲנוֹק Yehoshua 21:11 (both P).—Vid. especially Mey^{journal ZAW i (1881), 139} G.F. Moore Shoftim 1:10, Shoftim 1:20 Cheyne^{Ency. Bib. ANAK}.

עֲנָק²

noun (masc.) ^{Shir HaShirim 4:9} necklace, neck-pendant (Aramaism according to Lagarde^{BN 175});—absolute ע׳ Shir HaShirim 4:9 appar. part of necklace, perhaps neck-pendant; plural עֲנָקוֹת Shoftim 8:26 (ornament of camels), עֲנָקִים Mishlei 1:9 (of youth; in figuratively).

עָנֵר

proper name

appar. m. ally of Abram Breishis 14:13, Breishis 14:24, Αυναν; compare אֶשְׁכּוֹל, מַמְרֵא.

location in Manasseh Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:55 Αμαρ, SeptuagintL Ανηρ.

עֹ֫נֶשׁ

n.[m.] indemnity, fine;—וַיִּתֶּן־ע׳ עַל־הָאָרֶץ Melachim Beis 23:33; of individual נֹשֵׂא ע׳ Mishlei 19:19.

עֲנָת

proper name (masc.) father of Shamgar Shoftim 3:31; Shoftim 5:6, Αναθ (Δειναχ, Κεναθ);—see also בֵּית עֲנוֹת, ב׳ עֲנָת (compare Tel Am. n. pr. Anati, Winckler^{125, 43}; Assyrian n. pr. deae Anatu (Jastr^{Rel. Babylonian 153}; hence) in Syria and Phoenician—also Egypt—ענת (Muss-Arnolt^{JBL xi (1892), 80} Pietschmann^{Phön. 149 f.} Hal^{JAs. 7, x (1877), 374; xiii (1879), 208})).

עֲנָתוֹת

and (Melachim Alef 2:26) עֲנָתֹת proper name Αναθωθ;

location (compare goddess Anat, ref. under foregoing);—Yeshaya 10:30; Melachim Alef 2:26; Yirmiya 1:1; Yirmiya 11:21, Yirmiya 11:23; Yirmiya 32:7, Yirmiya 32:8, Yirmiya 32:9 Yehoshua 21:18, Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:45; Ezra 2:23 = Nechemia 7:26; Nechemia 11:32; mod. ʿAnâtâ, c. 3 miles NNE. from Jerusalem, compare Buhl^{Geogr. 175} G.A. Smith^{Geogr. 315}.

m.

Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:8.

Nechemia 10:20.

עָסִיס

noun (masc.) ^{Yoel 1:5} sweet wine (proposes pressed out juice);—absolute ע׳ Amos 9:13 (see Driver and reff.), Yoel 1:5; Yoel 4:18; in simile Yeshaya 49:26; construct עֲסִיס רִמֹּנִי Shir HaShirim 8:2.

עפאים

Kesiv, עֳפָיִם Keri n.[m.]plural foliage (compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) §93 z; Aramaic loan-word, Targum עָפְיָא foliage, Syriac ܥܘܽܦܝܳܐ flower, branch);—Tehillim 104:12.

עֹ֫פֶל

n. [m.] mound, hill, only as acropolis;—ע׳ absolute Melachim Beis 5:24 +, construct Micha 4:8;—fortified mound or hill within city, of Jerus. (compare Robinson^{BR i. 267} GuZPV^{v (1882), 326}) Micha 4:8; Yeshaya 32:14; S. end of eastern hill Nechemia 3:26; Nechemia 11:21; Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:14 חוֹמַת הָע׳ Nechemia 3:27; Divrei HaYamim Beis 27:3 (compare חמת העפל in קרחה Mesha Inscription^21.22); of Samaria Melachim Beis 5:24.

עֹ֫פֶל²

noun (masc.) Shmuel Alef 6:4 hemorrhoid;—only plural Kesiv (בָּ)עֳפָלִים Devarim 28:27; Shmuel Alef 5:6, Shmuel Alef 5:9, Shmuel Alef 5:12; construct עָפְלֵי Shmuel Alef 6:4; with suffix עָפְלֵיכֶם v Shmuel Alef 6:5; Keri in all (ב)טְחֹרִים, טְחֹרֵי, טְחֹרֵיכֶם, see [טְחוֹר].

עָפָר

noun (masc.) ^{Vayikra 14:42} dry earth, dust;—absolute ע׳ Breishis 2:7 +, construct עֲפַר Breishis 13:16 +; with suffix עֲפָרֵךְ Yechezkel 26:12, עֲפָרוֹ Devarim 9:21, etc.; plural construct עַפְרֹת Iyov 28:6; Mishlei 8:26;—

literally:

dry, loose earth, thrown (in malice) Shmuel Beis 16:13 (‖ אֲבָנִים); וַיַּעֲלוּ ע׳ עַל־רֹאשׁ Yehoshua 7:6 (sign of grief), so Yechezkel 27:30; Eicha 2:10, and (c. זָרַק) Iyov 2:12; loose earth (on surface of ground) Melachim Alef 18:38; Amos 2:7; Yeshaya 34:7, Yeshaya 34:9; Vayikra 17:13 Yechezkel 24:7 (in figuratively), Bamidbar 5:17; Iyov 14:19; Iyov 38:38; Iyov 39:14; Breishis 26:15, made into siege works Chavakuk 1:10; of sand-storm Devarim 28:24 (+ אָבָק); as serpent’s food, token of punishment and humiliation, Breishis 3:14 Yeshaya 65:25 (compare Micha 7:17 2 e below); זׄחֲלֵי ע׳ Devarim 32:24 (poem; compare 2 e).

specif. as material of human body Breishis 2:7; Breishis 3:19, Koheles 3:20, compare Iyov 4:19; Iyov 8:19 Tehillim 103:14, to which it returns (שׁוּב אֶל־) Breishis 3:19; Iyov 10:9 Tehillim 104:29 Koheles 3:20; so (c. עַל) Iyov 34:15; Koheles 12:7.

= surface of ground Shemos 8:12, Shemos 8:13^(×2) (P; ע׳ הָאָרֶץ), Iyov 19:25; Yeshaya 25:12; Yeshaya 26:5 (both ‖ אֶרֶץ), surface of (whole) earth Iyov 41:25, מְחִלוֹת ע׳ Yeshaya 2:19 (for hiding), so ע׳ alone v Yeshaya 2:10, compare חֹרֵי ע׳ Iyov 30:6; = soil, Iyov 5:6; Iyov 7:5; Iyov 14:8.

powder of anything pulverized Devarim 9:21^(×2) (compare דָּ֑ק ‖ Shemos 32:20), Melachim Beis 23:6^(×2), Melachim Beis 23:12, Melachim Beis 23:15, so in simile Shmuel Beis 22:43 = Tehillim 18:43, hence = ashes v Tehillim 18:4; Bamidbar 19:17.

debris, of ruined city Melachim Alef 20:10; Yechezkel 26:4, Yechezkel 26:12; Nechemia 3:34; Nechemia 4:4 Tehillim 102:15. The following are late:

earth of the grave: לֶע׳ אֶשְׁכַּב Iyov 7:21, so (c. עַל) Iyov 20:11; Iyov 21:26, compare Iyov 17:16; יוֹרְדֵי ע׳ Tehillim 22:30, שֹׁכְנֵי ע׳ Yeshaya 26:19, יְשֵׁנֵי אַדְמַת־ע׳ Daniel 12:2; עֲפַר־מָוֶת Tehillim 22:16; ע׳ in figuratively Tehillim 30:10.

mortar (that is dried mud) for plastering houses Vayikra 14:41, Vayikra 14:42, Vayikra 14:45.

(iron-) ore Iyov 28:2; עַפְרֹת זָהָב v Iyov 28:6 golddust (but see סַפִּיר).

material of earth Yeshaya 40:12, compare ראֹשׁ עַפְרֹת תֵּבֵל Mishlei 8:26 the first of the earth- particles of the world.

figuratively:

of abundance Breishis 13:16^(×2); Breishis 28:14 (all J) Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:9; Iyov 27:16 Tehillim 78:27 (‖ חוֹל יַמִּים), compare עֲפַר יַעֲקֹב Bamidbar 23:10; with added idea of commonness, worthlessness Tzefania 1:17; Zecharia 9:3.

of worthlessness (alone) Iyov 22:24.

simile of the scattered, dispersed Melachim Beis 13:7; כֶּע׳ Yeshaya 41:2 (so van d. H. Ginsb; Baer כֵּע׳; on meaning see Duhm Cheyne, reading תְּשִׂימֵם for יִתֵּן).

of self-abasement Breishis 18:27 (+ אֵפֶר), וְנִחַמְתִּי עַל־ע׳ וָאֵפֶר Iyov 42:6, יִתֵּן בֶּע׳ פִּיהוּ Eicha 3:29.

of humiliation (sitting or lying in dust) Yeshaya 29:4; Yeshaya 47:1; Micha 1:10; Iyov 16:15; Iyov 40:13 Tehillim 7:6; Tehillim 44:26; Tehillim 119:25, simile Iyov 30:19; licking dust Tehillim 72:9 Yeshaya 49:23; Micha 7:17, compare TelAm. tikalu ipra (of enemies, see Winckler^{Altor. Forsch. iii. 291}; also of serpent 1 a above); of י׳ raising from the dust Shmuel Alef 2:8 = Tehillim 113:7, Melachim Alef 16:2; of lifting oneself Yeshaya 52:2.

עֶפְרוֹן

proper name Εφρων:—

m. Hittite, Abr.’s time, according to Breishis 23:8, Breishis 23:10^(×2), Breishis 23:13, Breishis 23:16, Breishis 23:17; Breishis 49:29, עֶפְרֹן Breishis 23:6; Breishis 25:9; Breishis 49:30; Breishis 50:13 (all P).

location Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:19 Kesiv (עֶפְרַיִן Keri), compare עָפְרָה 1 and

mont. הַר־ע׳, on N. border of Judah Yehoshua 15:9.

עֶפְרַ֫יִן

Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:19 Keri see עֶפְרוֹן 2.

עֹפֶרֶת

noun (masc.) ^{Yirmiya 6:29}^{(si vera l. Keri)} lead (√ doubtful; probably foreign word; compare Targum אֲבָרָא lead, Syriac ܐܰܒܳܪܳܐ, and (as Aramaic loan-word) Arabic أَبَار [see Dozy], Frä¹⁵²; perhaps also Assyrian abaru, a metal, magnesite according to Hilpr^{Assyriaca i (1894), 80 ff.} Haupt^{1b. 83});—כִּכַּר ע׳ Zecharia 5:7 a round weight (disc) of lead, אֶבֶן־הָעו׳ v Zecharia 5:5; with other metals (see בְּדִיל): עוֹ׳ Yechezkel 22:18, Yechezkel 22:20; Yechezkel 27:12, הָעֹפָ֑רֶת Bamidbar 31:22; עֹפ׳ also Iyov 19:24 (with which chiselled letters are filled according to Dillmann and most; Budde reads בְּע׳ in [a tablet of] lead); also (as flux) Yirmiya 6:29 (reading Keri; so Graf Co; emend. Giesebrecht); עוֹ׳ in simile Shemos 15:10 (song).

עֵץ

see II. עצה.

עֶ֫צֶב

n.[m.] pain, hurt, toil;—

ע׳ pain Breishis 3:16 (of travail), Mishlei 10:22.

hurt (of mind), דְּבַר־ע׳ Mishlei 15:1 a word that hurts (opposite מַעֲנֶה־רַךְ).

toil Mishlei 14:23; plural לֶחֶם הָעֲצָבִים Tehillim 127:2 bread of (gained by) toils; with suffix עֲצָבֶיךָ Mishlei 5:10.

עֹ֫צֶב

n.[m.] pain;—ע׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:9 (compare travail); דֶּרֶךְ־ע׳ Tehillim 139:24 hurtful way (of any wicked habit; > Targum Gesenius' Thesaurus way of idolatry; ii. עֹצֶב); with suffix עָצְבְּךָ Yeshaya 14:3 of the pain of exile.

עֶ֫צֶב²

noun (masc.) vessel (as fashioned);—ע׳ נִבְזֶה וגו׳ Yirmiya 22:28 a vessel despised, etc. (figuratively of Coniah = Jehoiachin).

עֹ֫צֶב²

noun (masc.) idol;—with suffix עָצְבִּי Yeshaya 48:5.

עָצָה

verb shut (Ar. (و et ى) غَضَا iv. shut eyes; Ethiopic ዐጸወ shut door);—

participle (בינוני) active עֹצֶה עֵינָיו Mishlei 16:30 he that shuts his eyes (Siegfried-Stade cp. עצּם [Yeshaya 29:10], which Gratz reads).

עֵץ²

noun (masc.) Breishis 2: Breishis 9 tree, trees, wood;—ע׳ absolute Breishis 3:3 +, construct Breishis 3:24 +, עֵץ־ Breishis 2:16 +; with suffix עֵצְיךָ Devarim 28:42, etc.; plural עֵצִים Shoftim 9:8 +, construct עֲצֵי Yeshaya 7:2 +, with suffix עֵצֶיךָ Devarim 29:10, עֵצֵינוּ Eicha 5:4, etc.;—

(c. 150 times)

a standing tree Breishis 18:4, Breishis 18:8 +, Shemos 15:25 (J; of shrub?), Yirmiya 17:18 = Tehillim 1:3 (simile); to be felled Devarim 19:5; Melachim Beis 6:6; הָעֵצִים (appar. incl. vine and bramble) in allegory Shoftim 9:8 + 6 times Shoftim 9; עֵץ הַחַיִּים †Breishis 2:9; Breishis 3:22, Breishis 3:24, compare ע׳ חַיִּים, figuratively of source of (life and) happiness †Mishlei 3:18; Mishlei 11:30; Mishlei 13:12; Mishlei 15:4; ע׳ הַדַּעַת טוֹב וָרָע Breishis 2:9, Breishis 2:16; עֲצֵי (ה)יַעַר Yeshaya 7:2 (simile), Yeshaya 44:14; Yechezkel 15:2 +; עֲצֵי הַשָּׂדֶה Yeshaya 55:12; Yechezkel 17:24 (figuratively), +; עֲצֵי לְבָנוֹן Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:7; עֲצֵי־מַיִם †Yechezkel 31:14; עֲצֵי י׳ †Tehillim 104:16; עֲצֵי עֵדֶן †Yechezkel 31:9, Yechezkel 31:16, Yechezkel 31:18^(×2); עֲצֵי לְבוֹנָה Shir HaShirim 4:14; of vine עֵץ הַגֶּפֶן †Yechezkel 15:2, Yechezkel 15:6; תַּחַת כָּל־עֵץ רַעֲנָ֑ן place of illicit worship †Devarim 12:2; Yirmiya 2:20; Yirmiya 3:6, Yirmiya 3:13; Melachim Alef 14:23; Melachim Beis 16:4; Melachim Beis 17:10; Yechezkel 6:13; Yeshaya 57:5; Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:4, compare עַל־עֵץ רַעֲנָן Yirmiya 17:2; כָּל־עֵץ עָבֹת Yechezkel 20:28.

coll. trees, עֵץ־הַגָּן Breishis 2:16; Breishis 3:1, Breishis 3:2, Breishis 3:8 (all J); usually later, ע׳ Breishis 1:12, Breishis 1:29^(×2), +; עֵץ פְּרִי fruit-bearing trees Breishis 1:11, Tehillim 148:9, compare Koheles 2:5, פְּרִי עֵץ Shemos 10:15, Yechezkel 36:30 Vayikra 23:40, compare Yoel 2:22; עֵץ־מַאֲכָל Devarim 20:20; Vayikra 19:23, Yechezkel 47:12; Nechemia 9:25; עֵץ הַזַּיִת Chaggai 2:19 olive trees, עֵץ שֶׁמֶן Nechemia 8:15, עֵץ־שָׁ֑מֶן Yeshaya 41:19; סֲבָךְ־עֵץ Tehillim 74:5 thicket of trees; עֵץ הַשָּׂדֶה Shemos 9:25, +; עֵץ הַיַּעַר †Yechezkel 15:6, compare Yeshaya 10:19; Yeshaya 44:23; כִּימֵי הָעֵץ Yeshaya 65:22 (simile of great age).

plural of trees felled for building, Melachim Alef 5:20, Melachim Alef 5:32 (+ אֲבָנִים); עֲצֵי אֲרָזִים Shmuel Beis 5:11 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 14:1 + 7 times; עֲצֵי בְרוֹשׁים Melachim Alef 5:22, Melachim Alef 5:24; Melachim Alef 9:11; (אַלְגּ׳) עֲצֵי אַלְמֻגִּים, see אַלְגּ׳ p. 38 above

(c. 175 times; c. 120 times plural, to denote pieces [or articles] of wood)

wood, as material; for building, Melachim Beis 12:13 (+ אַבְנֵי מַחְצֵב), Melachim Beis 22:6 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:11 (both + the same), Nechemia 2:8 +; עֲצֵי שָׁ֑מֶן Melachim Alef 6:23, Melachim Alef 6:31, Melachim Alef 6:33 compare v Melachim Beis 6:32; עֲצֵי־גֹּפֶר Breishis 6:14 (Noah’s ark), עֲצֵי שִׁטּים Shemos 25:5, Shemos 25:10 + 20 times Ex (of tabern. and its furniture; all P) Devarim 10:3; מִגְדַּל־עֵץ Nechemia 8:4; מוֹטֹת עֵץ Yirmiya 28:13 (in figuratively; opposite מ׳ בַּרְזֶל); כְּלִי־עֵץ article of wood Vayikra 11:32; Vayikra 15:12 Bamidbar 31:20, compare Bamidbar 35:18 (all P). Hence

עֵצִים = articles of wood Shemos 7:19 (P; ‖ אֲבָנִים), Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:2; so עֲצֵי בְרוֹשִׁים Shmuel Beis 6:5 (but see בְּרוֹשׁ ad fin.); specif. הָעֵץ = helve of axe Devarim 19:5; עֵץ חֲנִית(וֹ) Shmuel Alef 17:7 Keri (Kesiv חֵץ) = Divrei HaYamim Alef 20:5; Shmuel Beis 21:19; Shmuel Beis 23:7; עֲצֵי הָעֲגָלָה Shmuel Alef 6:14 (that is wood of which cart was made), עֲצֵי הָאֲשֵׁרָה Shoftim 6:26; especially timbers of a house Zecharia 5:4; Chavakuk 2:11; Vayikra 14:45, of a city Melachim Alef 15:22 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:5; Yechezkel 26:12; עֵץ of pole on which bodies of slain (criminals and others) were exposed (perhaps orig. tree) Breishis 40:19, Yehoshua 8:29^(×2); Yehoshua 10:26^(×2), Yehoshua 10:27 (all ), Devarim 21:22, Devarim 21:23; late (in Pers.) used for executing criminals (? by hanging = gallows), תָּלָה עַל־עֵץ Esther 2:23 + 8 times Est.

of idols, עֵץ וָאֶבֶן Devarim 4:28; Devarim 28:36, Devarim 28:64; Devarim 29:16; Melachim Beis 19:18 = Yeshaya 37:19; Yechezkel 20:32, compare Yirmiya 2:27; Yirmiya 3:9; Chavakuk 2:19; so עֵץ alone Hoshea 4:12; Yeshaya 40:20, compare Yeshaya 44:19; Yeshaya 45:20; אֲשֵׁרָה כָּל־עֵץ Devarim 16:21.

(fire-)wood Yehoshua 9:23, Yehoshua 9:27, v Yehoshua 9:21, Devarim 19:5; Yeshaya 30:33 +, read עֵצִים also Yechezkel 24:5 (for Masoretic Text עצמים Böttcher Ewald Smend Co Berthol Toy; especially for sacrifices Melachim Alef 18:23^(×2) +, Breishis 22:7, Breishis 22:9^(×2) Vayikra 1:7 + 6 times Lv (all P), Shmuel Beis 24:22 ‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:23, +; עֲצֵי עוֹלָה Breishis 22:3, Breishis 22:6.

עֵץ (הָ)אֶרֶז cedar-wood, used in purifications Vayikra 14:4, Vayikra 14:6, Vayikra 14:49, Vayikra 14:51, Vayikra 14:52; Bamidbar 19:6 (all P).

פִּשְׁתֵּי הָעֵץ Yehoshua 2:6 woody-flax, that is flax on the stalk.—Yirmiya 10:8 Giesebrecht proposes הֶבֶל מֹעֲצֹתָו for Masoretic Text הֲבָלִים עֵץ הוּא.—מֹאֶסֶת כָּל־עֵץ Yechezkel 21:15 is doubtful, Smend proposes מָאַסְתָּ כָל־עֵץ, Co מֹאֲסֵי כָל־עֹוֹ, Berthol וּמְאַסֵּף כָּל־עַז; Siegf^Kau Toy leave untranslated.

עֵצָה²

noun (fem.)coll. trees Yirmiya 6:6, but read עֵצָהּ (עֵץ c. with suffix 3rd feminine singular), so Orient. Codd. Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate Targum Hitzig Graf—1. עֵצָה see under יָעַץ.

עָצֵל

verb

be sluggish (Mishnaic Hebrew in der. species, and deriv.; compare Arabic عَظِلَ iii. stick fast in coitu, Lane²⁰⁸⁶; Syriac ܥܛܶܠ be stupid);—future (עתיד) 2nd masculine plural אַל־תֵּעָֽצְלוּ לָלֶכֶת Shoftim 18:9 be not sluggish in going.

עָצֵל²

adjective sluggish, lazy;—always ע׳ absolute;—אִישׁ־ע׳ Mishlei 24:30; elsewhere noun sluggard Mishlei 6:6, Mishlei 6:9 + 10 times Pr + הֶע׳ Mishlei 10:26.

עַצְלָה

noun (fem.) sluggishness;—ע׳ Mishlei 19:15; dual intens. עֲצַלְתַּיִם Koheles 10:18 double (that is great) sluggishness (so Gesenius' Thesaurus De and elsewhere; read then perhaps עַצְלָתַיִם; > from עָצֵל a sluggish pair, that is hands Ewald and elsewhere), but improb.; ‖ שִׁפְלוּת יָדַיִם, whence Bi conjunction עַצְלוּת, Siegf עַצְלַת יָדַיִם.

עַצְלוּת

noun (fem.) the same;—לֶחֶם ע׳ Mishlei 31:27.

עָצְמָה

noun (fem.) might;—Yeshaya 40:29 (‖ כֹּחַ) Yeshaya 47:9; Nachum 3:9.

עֶ֫צֶם

noun (fem.) Tehillim 35:10; Iyov 19:20 (c. pron. masculine Yechezkel 37:5, Yechezkel 37:6 etc., compare Albr.^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 73}) bone, substance, self;—absolute ע׳ Breishis 2:23 +; עָ֑צֶם Mishlei 15:30; Mishlei 16:24; construct עֶצֶם Shemos 24:10 +; with suffix עַצְמִי Iyov 19:20 +, etc.; plural עֲצָמוֹת Melachim Beis 23:16 +; construct עַצְמוֹת Yehoshua 24:22 +; with suffix עַצְמֹתַי Iyov 4:14 +, etc.; also עֲצָמִים Yechezkel 24:4 +, with suffix עֲצָמַי Breishis 2:23 +, etc.;—

bone:

of living person Micha 3:2, Micha 3:3 (hyperb.), Iyov 10:11; Iyov 19:20 Eicha 4:8 Tehillim 102:6; Koheles 11:5 +; figuratively of close relationship †עֶצֶם מֵעֲצָמַי Breishis 2:23, compare Breishis 29:14 (both J), Shoftim 9:2; Shmuel Beis 5:1 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:1; Shmuel Beis 19:13, Shmuel Beis 19:14 (all + בָּשָׂר).

ע׳ + בָּשָׂר = body, Iyov 2:5; plural = bodily frame Yirmiya 20:9 (simile), limbs, members, לַעֲצָמֶיהָ Shoftim 19:29 that is limb by limb (G.F. Moore); as seat of vigour Iyov 20:11, etc.

(poet.) as seat of disease and pain Iyov 30:17, Iyov 30:30 and (especially of personif. Isr.) Tehillim 22:15; Tehillim 31:11; Tehillim 102:4; Eicha 1:13; Chavakuk 3:16 +.

plural as representing entire person = one’s whole being, (especially of personif. Isr.) Tehillim 6:3 (‖ נֶפֶשׁ v Tehillim 6:4), Tehillim 35:10 (‖ נֶפֶשׁ v Tehillim 35:9), Yeshaya 66:14; of individ. (incl. physical and moral) Mishlei 3:8; Mishlei 14:30; Mishlei 15:30; Mishlei 16:24.

singular = external body Eicha 4:7 Ewald Th and elsewhere, but doubtful; Bi Budde bones (= branches) of coral (פְּנִינִים); Löhr עוֹרָם their skin. f. especially of dead Bamidbar 19:16, Bamidbar 19:18, Yechezkel 37:1 +; often (plural) = remains Amos 6:10; Breishis 50:25; Shemos 13:19^(×2); Yehoshua 24:32 (all E) Shmuel Beis 21:12, Shmuel Beis 21:13 +.

bone of animal Shemos 12:46 Bamidbar 9:12 (both P); Yechezkel 24:4, Yechezkel 24:5 (symbol.); of (living) hippopot. Iyov 40:18.

singular substance, self (compare גֶּרֶם 3): כְּע׳ הַשָּׁמַיִם Shemos 24:10, like the substance of the sky = the sky itself; בְּע׳ תֻּמּוֹ Iyov 21:23 that is full prosperity; especially אֶת־ע׳ הַיוֹם הַזֶּה Yechezkel 24:2 this selfsame day, בְּע׳ וגו׳ Yechezkel 24:2; Yechezkel 40:1; Breishis 7:13; Breishis 17:23, Breishis 17:26; Shemos 12:17, Shemos 12:41, Shemos 12:51; Vayikra 23:21, Vayikra 23:28, Vayikra 23:29, Vayikra 23:30 Devarim 32:48; Yehoshua 5:11 (all P) Yechezkel 40:1, עַד־ע׳ וגו׳ Yechezkel 2:3; Vayikra 23:14, Yehoshua 10:27.—Yechezkel 24:5 read הָעֵצִים (Böttcher Ewald and elsewhere); v Yechezkel 24:10 del. הָעֲצָמוֹת (Co Toy); Iyov 7:15 read מֵעַצְּבוֹתָ֑י (Reiske Me Budde Duhm and elsewhere); Tehillim 53:6 read perhaps מֵעֲצַת (compare ‖ Tehillim 14:6 Baethgen; see Hupfeld Cheyne and elsewhere); Tehillim 69:5 read מֵעַצְמוֹתַי (for Masoretic Text מַצְמִיתַי), Peshitta Olshausen Cheyne Baethgen and elsewhere

עֶ֫צֶם²

proper name (place) Ασομ, etc., in Negeb of Judah, עָ֑צֶם Yehoshua 15:29, Simeon Yehoshua 19:3 Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:29 (עֶצֶם).

עָצוּם

31 adjective mighty, numerous;—ע׳ Breishis 18:18 +, plural עֲצוּמִים Yeshaya 8:7 +, עֲצֻמִים Micha 4:3 +; with suffix עֲצוּמָין Tehillim 10:Tehillim 10;—

mighty, especially of people, strong in numbers (often ‖ רַב, גָּדוֹל) Breishis 18:18; Shemos 1:9; Bamidbar 14:12; Bamidbar 22:6 Devarim 4:38 + 6 times D, Micha 4:3, Micha 4:7 Zecharia 8:22; Yeshaya 60:22 (opposite צָעִיר), of locusts Yoel 1:6; Yoel 2:2, Yoel 2:5, compare v Yoel 2:11; so of חַיִל Daniel 11:25; עַם לֹא עָצוּם, that is feeble Mishlei 30:26 (of the שָׁפָן); less often of individ. מְלָכִים ע׳ Tehillim 135:10; of waters Yeshaya 8:7; ע׳ alone Mishlei 18:18 the mighty, Daniel 8:24; Tehillim 10:10 his mighty ones (that is claws, of lion).

numerous, countless (all ‖ רַב): Amos 5:12 Tehillim 35:18; as noun = many Yeshaya 53:12; Mishlei 7:26.

עָצַר

verb restrain, retain (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; compare probably Assyrian eṣêru, retain, restrain, Delitzsch^{HWB 122} Jäger^{BAS i.483} Zehnpfund^ib.500* compare Assyrian uṣurtu, taboo SAC^{JA, 1904, 754}.; Ethiopic ዐጸረ: press, Arabic عَصَرَ; Targum עֲצַר, Syriac ܥܨܰܪ the same);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ע׳ Breishis 20:18 +, with suffix עֲצָרַנִי Breishis 16:2; 1st singular עָצַרְתִּי Daniel 10:8, Daniel 10:16, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַעְצֹר Shmuel Alef 9:17 +, יַעְצָר־ Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:5; with suffix יַעֲצָרְכָה Melachim Alef 18:44, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute עָצֹר Breishis 20:18, construct לַעְצֹר Divrei HaYamim Beis 22:9, וַעְצֹר Iyov 4:2 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 28 b); participle (בינוני) passive עָצוּר Yirmiya 33:1 +, etc.;—

restrain, with a direct object person Breishis 16:2 (J; + מִן, that is prevent), עָצֹר עָצַר בְּעַד כָּל־רֶחֶם Breishis 20:18, compare absolute Yeshaya 66:9 (opposite מוֹלִיד); followed by inf. Melachim Beis 4:24; with a direct object person alone Melachim Alef 18:44 hinder, stop; with a direct object of sky (hindering rain) Devarim 11:17; Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:13; pt. passive absolute shut up, or hindered (for reasons not given) Yirmiya 36:5; Nechemia 6:10 (? by a vow, or by ceremonial uncleanness, compare Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 436 f., 2nd ed. 455 f.}); = shut up (c. ב, in prison) Melachim Beis 17:4, pt. passive Yirmiya 33:1; Yirmiya 39:15, figuratively Yirmiya 20:9; on עָצוּר וְעָזוּב (5 times), see I. עזב; עֲצֻרָה לָנוּ Shmuel Alef 21:6 women have been kept away with ref. to us (compare Robertson Smith^l.c.); עָצוּר מִפְּנֵי Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:1 kept away from before Saul; = detain, with a direct object Shoftim 13:15, Shoftim 13:16; in Jb c. בְּ, ע׳ בְּמִלִּין Iyov 4:2, compare Iyov 29:9, so בַּמַּיִם Iyov 12:15; ע׳ בְּעַמִּי Shmuel Alef 9:17 is rule over, etc. (si vera l.); ins. also (with other words) Shmuel Alef 10:1 Septuagint Wellhausen Driver and elsewhere

(late) retain, with a direct object כֹּחַ Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:20; Divrei HaYamim Beis 22:9 Daniel 10:8, Daniel 10:16; Daniel 11:6; + inf. = be able to Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:14 Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:5; om. כֹּחַ Divrei HaYamim Beis 14:10 (+ עִמְּךָ), Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:37 (+ inf.).

be restrained, stayed, of plague: past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular נֶעֱצָ֑רָה Bamidbar 17:15; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תֵּעָצַר Shmuel Beis 24:21 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:22, וַתֵּעָצַר Bamidbar 17:13; Bamidbar 25:8 Shmuel Beis 24:25 Tehillim 106:30; be shut up (of sky), infinitive (מקור) construct בְּהֵעָצֵר Melachim Alef 8:35 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:26; be under restraint or detention participle (בינוני) נֶעְצָר Shmuel Alef 21:8 + לִפְנֵי י׳ (? that is kept by a vow, compare H.P. Smith and Nechemia 6:10 above).

עֶ֫צֶר

n.[m.] restraint (?), only יוֹרֵשׁ ע׳ Shoftim 18:7 a possessor of restraint, that is ruler, but Septuagint Vulgate wealth, so Gesenius' Thesaurus and elsewhere, text very doubtful, compare G.F. Moore; Budde conjunction that ע׳ combines readings אֹצָר and עֹשֶׁר.

עֹ֫צֶר

n.[m.] restraint, coercion;—ע׳ absolute: מֵע׳ וּמִמִּשְׁפָּט Yeshaya 53:8 from (as a result of) coercion and judgment he was taken off; construct ע׳ רָעָה Tehillim 107:39; ע׳ רָ֑חַם Mishlei 30:16 restraint of womb, barrenness (so Tehillim 107:39 Perles^{Anal. 85}).

עֲצָרָה

noun (fem.) assembly (?as confined, held in);—absolute עֲצָרָה Yeshaya 1:13 + 2 times; עֲצֶ֫רֶת Devarim 16:8 + 3 times, עֲצָ֑רֶת Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:9; construct עֲצֶ֫רֶת Yirmiya 9:1; plural with suffix עַצְרֹתֵיכֶם Amos 5:21;—

sacred assembly, rejected by י׳, Yeshaya 1:13 and (at Bethel, etc.) Amos 5:21; for Baal Melachim Beis 10:20; Devarim 16:8 (last day of Maṣṣoth), Vayikra 23:36, Bamidbar 29:35, Nechemia 8:18 (all of day after feast of booths), compare Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:9 [Mishnaic Hebrew of feast of weeks, Targum עֲצַרְתָּא Jos^{Ant. iii. 10, 6} Ἀσάρτα]; occasional, Yoel 1:14; Yoel 2:15.

assemblage, company (in generally), ע׳ בֹּגְדִים Yirmiya 9:1 an assemblage of deceivers (Gratz עֲדַת; Cheyne חֶבְרַת).

עָקֵב

noun (masc.) heel, footprint, hinderpart (Arabic عَقِبٌ heel, figuratively end (of a month), عِقْبَةٌ mark, sign, trace; Aramaic עִקְבָּא, ܥܩܶܒ heel, footprint, figuratively trace, mark (compare Wsd 2:4 Peshitta, Ecclus 13:26 ℌ Peshitta), also end, extremity);—ע׳ absolute Breishis 3:15 +, construct עֲקֵב Breishis 25:26, plural construct עִקְבֵי Shir HaShirim 1:8, עִקְּבֵי Breishis 49:17; Shoftim 5:22, עִקְּבוֹת Tehillim 77:20; Tehillim 89:52, etc.;—

heel, of man, Breishis 25:26 וְיָדוֹ אֹחֶזֶת בַּעֲקֵב אָחִיו, as object of attack from behind, Breishis 3:15 וְאַתָּה תְּשׁוּפֶנּוּ עָקֵב, Iyov 18:9 יֹאחֵז בְּע׳ פַּח, Yirmiya 13:22 נֶחְמְסוּ עֲקֵבָ֑יִךְ are treated violently, that is are rudely exposed (‖ נִגְלוּ שׁוּלַיִךְ); as instrument of attack, Tehillim 41:10 הִגְדִּיל עָלַי עָ׳ hath made great the heel against me, that is given me insidiously great fall (figuratively for, taken some cruel advantage of me; compare ὑποσκελίζω); of an animal, Breishis 49:17 הַנּשֵׁךְ עִקְּבֵי סוּס, Shoftim 5:22.

mark of heel, footprint, Shir HaShirim 1:8) צְאִי־לָךְ בְּעִקְבֵי הַצֹּאן, Tehillim 56:7 יִשְׁמְרוּ עַקִבַי they mark my footprints, that is watch me insidiously wherever I go, Tehillim 89:52 אֲשֶׁר חֵֽרְפוּ עִקְּבוֹת מְשִׁיחֶ֑ךָ that is followed him mockingly, of י׳ (figuratively) Tehillim 77:20 עִקְּבוֹתֶיךָ לֹא נוֹדָ֑עו thy footprints were not known (the waters closing over them).

hinder-part, rear (of a troop of men), Breishis 49:Breishis 19 וְהוּא יָגוּד עָקֵב׃ (read עֲקִבָם׃ אָשֵׁר) he will troop on their rear, Yehoshua 8:13 עֲקֵבוֹ (compare Dillmann).

עָקַב

verb follow at the heel, figuratively assail insidiously, circumvent, overreach (denom. from עָקֵ; compare Arabic عَقَبَ follow (at the heel), succeed, iii. bring consequence on, that is punish, Qor 22:59, iv. make to follow, that is reward or punish, عَاقِبَةٌ end, final lot 6:11, reward 6:136; ܥܩܰܒ hold back (rare), follow, Pa. investigate, search out: Ethiopic ዐቀበ is keep, guard);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular Hoshea 12:4 בַּבֶּטֶן עָקַב אֶת־אָחִיו he attacked his brother at the heel (compare Breishis 25:26 under עָקֵב); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular Breishis 27:36 הֲכִי קָרָא שְׁמוֹ יַעֲקֹב וַיַּעְקְבֵנִי זֶה פַעֲמַיִם and he hath overreached me now twice; + infinitive (מקור) absolute Yirmiya 9:3 כָּל־אָח עָקוֹב יַעֲקֹב surely overreacheth (‖ רָכִיל יַהֲלֹךְ). [Septuagint πτερνίζω, to attack with the heel; but this doubtful In ‘supplant,’ also, the figuratively is a different one.]

Iyov 37:4 וְלֹא יְעַקְּבֵם, doubtful; poss. attack at the heel (compare זִנֵּב), hence figuratively hold back; more probably read וְלֹא יְעַכְּבֵם holdeth them not back (sc. בְּרָקָיו his lightnings), when his voice is heard, from עִכֵּב to hold back (common in Mishnaic Hebrew; Targum עַכֵּב).

עָקֵב²

adjective verb. overreacher, Tehillim 49:6 עֲוֹן עֲקֵבַי יְסֻבֵנִי that is of those who would take some insidious advantage of me.

עָקֹב

adjective

insidious, deceitful, Yirmiya 17:9 עָקֹב הַלֵּב מִכֹּל.

foot-tracked (denom. from i. עָקֵב) Hoshea 6:8 גִּלְעָד קִרְיַת פֹּעֲלֵי אָוֶן עֲקֻבָּה מִדָּם.

עָקֹב²

adjective steep, hilly (see √; compare عَقَبَةٌ difficult mountain path, Qor 90:11; ዐቀብ hill);—Yeshaya 40:4 והיה הֶעָקֹב לְמִישׁוֹר let the steep ground (Ch) become a plain (‖ הָֽרְכָסִים). Cf. Ecclus 6:20.

עֵ֫קֶב

n.[m.] consequence, usually as adverbdirect object as a consequence of, because (that), also reward, end (see under עָקַב; and compare عَقِبٌ heel, figuratively consequence, result);—

Yeshaya 5:23 מַצְדִּיקֵי רָשָׁע עֵקֶב שֹׁחַד (adverb direct object) in consequence of a bribe, Tehillim 40:16 (= Tehillim 70:4) עַל עֵקֶב בָּשְׁתָּם (pleonastically) according to the consequence of their shame, that is in consequence of the disgrace falling upon them. Hence as conjunction עֵקֶב אֲשֶׁר as a consequence of (the fact) that, because, Breishis 22:18 ע׳ אֲשֶׁר שָׁמַעְתָּ בְּקֹלִי, Breishis 26:5 Shmuel Beis 12:6; so עֵקֶב כִּי Shmuel Beis 12:10; Amos 4:12 ע׳ כִּי זאת אעשׂה לך; עֵקֶב alone, Bamidbar 14:24, and (followed by impf.) Devarim 7:12 ע׳ תשׁמעון in consequence of your hearkening, etc., Devarim 8:20.

consequence = gain, reward, Tehillim 19:12 בְּשָׁמְרָם עֵקֶב רָב, Mishlei 22:4 עֵקֶב עֲנָוָה (וְ)יִרְאַת י׳ עשֶׁר וגו׳.

end (of time), adverb direct object, Tehillim 119:33 וְאֶצֳּרֶנָּה ע׳ to the end, v Tehillim 119:112 לְעוֹלָם ע׳ (compare Ecclus Tehillim 16:3; Targum עִקְבָּא (rare)).

עַקּוּב

proper name (masc.) SeptuagintB usually (Ι)ακουν[μ], A Septuagint L Ακ(κ)ουβ:—

descendant of David Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:24.

heads of post-exilic families:

Ezra 2:43 = Nechemia 7:44.

Ezra 2:45 (si vera l.).

Levites:

Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:17.

Nechemia 11:19; Nechemia 12:25.

עָקֹד

adjective striped, streaked;—of Jacob’s goats and sheep; as noun ע׳ Breishis 30:40 (coll.), plural עֲקֻדִּים Breishis 31:8^(×2); plural as attrib. Breishis 30:35, Breishis 30:39, pred. Breishis 31:10, Breishis 31:12.

עֲקַלָּתוֹן

adjective crooked (according to Smend^{journal ZAW iv. 213} constellation Draco);—לִוְיָתָן נָחָשׁ ע׳ Yeshaya 27:1.

עָקַר

verb denom. pluck or root up;—

infinitive (מקור) construct לַעֲקוֹר with a direct object Koheles 3:2 (opposite נָטַע).

future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular עֶקְרוֹן תֵּעָקֵר Tzefania 2:4 (word-play).

עָקָר

adjective barren;—ע׳ of male Devarim 7:14, עֲקָרָה of female v Devarim 7:14 (mankind and beasts), Shemos 23:26 (E; female); elsewhere of women Breishis 11:30; Breishis 25:21; Breishis 29:31 (all J), Shoftim 13:2, Shoftim 13:3; Shmuel Alef 2:5; Iyov 24:21 Tehillim 113:9 (עֲקֶרֶת construct); of personif. Zion Yeshaya 54:1.

עֶקְרוֹן

proper name (place) Eḳrȏn, Ακκαρων (in Assyrian Amḳarruna Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament^Gloss., Delitzsch^{Pa 289} who proposes עַקָּרוֹן);—Philistine city, one of the famous five, Amos 1:8; Yehoshua 13:3 + 4 times Jos, Shoftim 1:8 Shmuel Alef 10^(×2) + 5 times 1 S; Melachim Beis 1:2, Melachim Beis 1:3, Melachim Beis 1:6, Melachim Beis 1:16; Yirmiya 25:20; Tzefania 2:4; Zecharia 9:5, Zecharia 9:7; mod. ʿÁkir Robinson^{BR i. 227 ff.} G.A. Smith^{Geogr. 193} Buhl^{Geogr. 187 f.}

עִקֵּשׁ

adjective twisted, perverted;—absolute דּוֹד ע׳ וּפְתַלְתֹּל Devarim 32:5 a generation twisted and crooked, לֵבָב ע׳ Tehillim 101:4; as noun (masc.) (of one devious in life) the perverted Shmuel Beis 22:27 = Tehillim 18:27, Mishlei 22:5, of things Mishlei 8:8; construct ע׳ דְּרָכַיִם Mishlei 28:6, ע׳ שְׂפָתָיו Mishlei 19:1, עִקֶּשׁ־לֵב Mishlei 17:20; plural אָרְחֹתֵיהֶם עִקְּשִׁים Mishlei 2:15 whose ways are twisted; construct עִקְּשֵׁי־לֵב Mishlei 11:20.

עִקֵּשׁ²

proper name (masc.) a Tekoan Shmuel Beis 23:26 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:28; Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:9; Εισκα, Εκκις, etc.

עִקְּשׁוּת

noun (fem.) crookedness:—construct ע׳ פֶּה crookedness of mouth Mishlei 4:24; Mishlei 6:12 (compare עִקֵּשׁ Mishlei 19:1).

עָר

proper name (place) in Moab, S. of Arnon (Ηρ Bamidbar 21:15, elsewhere chiefly Αροηρ);—ע׳ Bamidbar 21:15; Devarim 2:9, Devarim 2:18, Devarim 2:29; עָר מוֹאָך Bamidbar 21:28; Yeshaya 15:1;—usually interpreted as capital city (עָר = עִיר) of Moab (D.H. Müller^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 398} cp. Sabean ער fortified height, compare Mordtm^{Him. Inschr. 29} Hal^{Et.Sabean 159}, so Arabic ٱلْعُرُّ, dial. of Yemen); Buhl^{Geogr. 269 f.} thinks name of district S. of Arnon.

עָר²

noun (masc.) only 2 times: עָרֶ֑ךָ Shmuel Alef 28:16 (see Driver); read צָרֶ֑ךָ thine adversary Klostermann H.P. Smith (and elsewhere as altern. with following) >עִם רֵעֶ֑ךָ Septuagint Peshitta Targum Th Budde Kittel (?) and elsewhere; עָרֶיךָ Tehillim 139:20 is very doubtful; Hupfeld עָלֶיךָ, Olshausen Cheyne and elsewhere שְׁמֶ֑ךָ; Baethgen leaves untranslated.

עֵר²

see I. עוּר.

עֵ֫רֶב

noun (masc.) Shemos 12, Shemos 38 mixture, mixed company;—heterogeneous body attached to a people; to Israel Shemos 12:38, Nechemia 13:3; to Egyptians Yirmiya 25:20 (Vulgate joins to v Yirmiya 25:19, so Giesebrecht); to Chaldeans Yirmiya 50:37; in Yirmiya 25:24 del. וְאֵת … הָעֶרֶב as doublet (so Giesebrecht, compare Septuagint); in Melachim Alef 10:15 read עֲרָב (as ‖ Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:14, so Benzinger Kittel and elsewhere); Yechezkel 30:5 read probably the same (Co).

עֵ֫רֶב²

n.[m.] woof (as mixed, interwoven, with warp);—Vayikra 13:48 + 8 times Vayikra 13:13 (all opposite שְׁתִי warp), compare G.F. Moore^{PAOS 1889, clxxviii}.

עָרֹב

noun (masc.) Shemos 8, Shemos 20; probably swarm (mixture, from incessant, involved motion; Lagarde^{BN 112} doubts);—of plague of stinging flies, coming in a swarm (see Dillmann ^Ex) Shemos 8:17^(×2) + 5 times 8, Tehillim 78:45; Tehillim 105:31.

עָרַב

verb take on pledge, give in pledge, exchange (Mishnaic Hebrew go surety for (rare); Phoenician ערב surety; Old Aramaic ערבא pledge; Targum עֲרַב, Syriac ܥܪܰܒ, go surety for; usually identified with I. ערב—mix, exchange, pledge—but quite uncertain; compare Buhl^Lex Lagarde^{BN 203});—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ע׳ Breishis 44:32 + 4 times; 2nd masculine singular עָרַבְתָּ Mishlei 6:1; future (עתיד) 1st singular with suffix אֶעֶרְבֶנּוּ Breishis 43:9; imperative (ציווי) עֲרֹב Tehillim 119:122, with suffix עָרְבֵנִי Yeshaya 38:14, so Iyov 17:3 (but see below); infinitive (מקור) construct לַעֲרֹב Yechezkel 27:9; participle (בינוני) עֹרֵב Mishlei 17:18, etc.;—

with a direct object person take on pledge, that is go surety for the safety of, Breishis 43:9, Breishis 44:32 (J; + מֵעִם person); for the debts of Mishlei 11:15; Mishlei 20:16; Mishlei 27:13; of God Yeshaya 38;Yeshaya 14 go surety for me, Tehillim 119:122, so Iyov 17:3 (si vera l., see עֵרָבוֹן); direct object person om., ע׳ לֵ Mishlei 6:1 go surety to one (in behalf of another, ‖ תָּקַּע לַזָּר כַּפֶּ֑יךָ); with a direct object rei Mishlei 22:26 (‖ תֹּקְעֵי־כָ֑ף.

give in pledge, with a direct object rei Nechemia 5:3 (that is mortgage), figuratively ע׳ אֶת־לִבּוֹ Yirmiya 30:21 so ע׳ עֲרֻבָּה לִפְנֵי רֵעֵהוּ Mishlei 17:18 (‖ תֹּקֵעַ כָּ֑ף).

exchange (in trade), with a direct object cogn. מַעֲרָבֵךְ Yechezkel 27:9, Yechezkel 27:27.

recipr.: imperative (ציווי) הִתְעָ֫רֶב נָא אֶת־אֲדֹנִי Melachim Beis 18:23 exchange pledges (make a bargain) with my lord = Yeshaya 36:8.

have fellowship with, בְּ person, past (עבר) 3rd plural הִתְעָֽרְבוּ Ezra 9:2; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural וַיִּתְעָֽרְבוּ Tehillim 106:35; 2nd masculine singular תִּתְעָרָ֑ב c. לְ person Mishlei 20:19, c. עִם person Mishlei 24:21.

share in, בְּ rei, 3rd masculine singular יִתְעָרַב Mishlei 14:10 in his joy no other shares.

עֲרֻבָּה

noun (fem.) thing exchanged, pledge, token;—with suffix עֲרֻבָּתָם Shmuel Alef 17:18 = a token from them, that is response, token of welfare, Th Driver and elsewhere; absolute as direct object cogn. עָרַב ע׳ Mishlei 17:18 give a pledge.

עֵרָבוֹן

n.[m.] pledge;—נָתַן ע׳ give a pledge Breishis 38:17, Breishis 38:18, לָקַח ע׳ v Breishis 38:20 (all J), receive (back) a pledge (when condition is fulfilled).—Iyov 17:3 read perhaps עֶרְבֹנִי (for Masoretic Text עָרְבֵנִי), as object of שִׂימָה set my pledge (a surety for me), so Beer Budde and elsewhere

עָרַב²

verb be sweet, pleasing (Mishnaic Hebrew the same (rare); Hiph. future (עתיד) יעריבו Ecclus 40:21; Targum עָרִיב adjective pleasant, sweet);—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular עָֽרְבָה Yirmiya 31:26 my sleep was sweet to me (לִי), וְע׳ שְׁנָתֶ֑ךָ consec. Mishlei 3:24; of offering לֹא ע׳ לי׳ Malachi 3:4; 2nd feminine singular עָרַבְתְּ Yechezkel 16:37 c. עַל person, to whom thou wast pleasing; 3rd plural לֹא עָֽרְבוּ לִי Yirmiya 6:20 (of sacrif.); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יֶעֱרַב עָלָיו שִׂיחִי Tehillim 104:34 let my meditation be pleasing unto him! 3rd feminine singular תֶּעֱרַב לְ Mishlei 13:19 (of realized wish); 3rd masculine plural לֹא יֶעֶרְבוּ לוֹ Hoshea 9:4 (of sacrifice; but Kue Cheyne Wellhausen G.A. Smith Nowack read יַעַרְכוּ).

עָרֵב

adjective sweet, pleasant;—ע׳ לָאִישׁ לֶחֶם שָׁ֑קֶר Mishlei 20:17; קוֹלֵךְ ע׳ Shir HaShirim 2:14.

עֲרַב

n.[m.] desert-plateau, steppe (compare Cheyne^{Intr. Is. 129});—בַּעֲרָ֑ב בַּעֲרַב (si vera l.) Yeshaya 21:13^(×2) in the steppe (of what we know as N. Arabia); but in v^b old versions Lo Cheyne Guthe^Kau and elsewhere בָּעֶרֶב in the evening.

עֲרָבִי

n.gent. of foregoing, steppe-dweller;—Yeshaya 13:20; כַּעֲרֶבִי בַּמִּדְבָּר֑ Yirmiya 3:2.

עֲרָב

proper namegent.coll. steppe-dwellers of N. Arabia (Wetzstein^{Zvölkerpsych. vii. 463 f.}; extended later (so Herod. ^ii.11 etc.) to whole peninsula, compare Arabic العَرَبُ the Arabs, Bedúwy the people, Doughty^{Arabic Deserta, i. 224}; Sabean ערבן, ערב, אערב CIS ^{iv. p. 123}, Assyrian Aribu, Arubu, Arabi, people in N. Arabia, Delitzsch^{Pa 295 f. 304 f.} Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament Yirmiya 25:24; also Urbi Delitzsch^{Pa 305 f.} of nomad ‘Arab’ tribes);—מַלְכֵי ע׳ הַשּׁסֹכְנִים בַּמִּדְבָּר Yirmiya 25:24 (see i. עֵרֶב), Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:14 + ‖ Melachim Alef 10:15 (see the same); ע׳ also Yechezkel 27:21 + Yechezkel 30:5 (see the same); see especially Noldeke^Arabia in Ency. Bib.

עַרְבִי

adjectivegent. Arabian (in strictly ethnographic sense, Noldeke^l.c.);—הָע׳ as noun Nechemia 2:19 Geshem the Arabian, so Nechemia 6:1; plural הָעַרְבִים Nechemia 4:1 Divrei HaYamim Beis 21:16; Divrei HaYamim Beis 22:1; also (written as Mishnaic Hebrew) הערביים Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:7 (Keri הָעַרְבִים), and even הָעַרְבִיאִים Divrei HaYamim Beis 17:11.

עֲרָבָה

noun (fem.) desert-plain, steppe; absolute ע׳ Shmuel Beis 4:7 +, with suffix עַרְבָתָהּ Yeshaya 51:3; plural עֲרָבוֹת Yirmiya 5:6 Tehillim 68:5, construct עַרְבוֹת Melachim Beis 25:5 +, עַרְבֹת Yirmiya 52:8;—

earliest use:

arid steppe W. of Dead Sea (in S. Judah) Shmuel Alef 23:24, also Yechezkel 47:8; Yeshaya 51:3, whence name יָם הָע׳ Yehoshua 3:6 (‖ יָם הַמֶּלַח), also Melachim Beis 14:25; Devarim 4:29, and (‖ the same) Devarim 3:17 Yehoshua 12:3; נַחַל הָעֲרָבָה Amos 6:14 must be E. of Dead Sea, si vera l., but read probably נ׳ מִצְרַיִם see נַחַל.

Jordan-valley W. of river + adjacent plain; near ford (opposite Jericho) Shmuel Beis 2:29, compare Yehoshua 8:14; also Devarim 11:30; Melachim Beis 25:4 = Yirmiya 39:4 = Yirmiya 52:7;—Shmuel Beis 15:28; Shmuel Beis 17:16 see עֲבָרָה.

Jordan-valley E. of river Shmuel Beis 4:7.

in D: and especially of E. Jordan plain Devarim 1:1 (probably) Yehoshua 12:1, Yehoshua 12:3, E. half of Jordan-valley Devarim 3:17; Devarim 4:49; of entire Jordan-valley (between כִּנֶּרֶת and Dead Sea, mod. El-Ghôr, the Depression) Devarim 1:7; Yehoshua 11:2, Yehoshua 11:16; W. Jordan plain only Yehoshua 12:8; depression S. of Dead Sea (mod. Wady el-ʿArabah) Devarim 2:8.

in P always plural construct עַרְבוֹת מוֹאָב (E. Jordan) Bamidbar 22:1 + 11 times (see מוֹאָב); ע׳ יְרֵחוֹ (W. Jordan) Yehoshua 4:13; Yehoshua 5:10, also Melachim Beis 25:5 = Yirmiya 39:5 = Yirmiya 52:8.

appar. N. Arabian desert Yeshaya 40:3; Yeshaya 41:19.

in generally the steppe (often ‖ מִדְבָּר), Yirmiya 17:6; Yirmiya 50:12 Yeshaya 33:9; Yeshaya 35:1, Yeshaya 35:6; Iyov 24:5; Iyov 39:6 Tehillim 68:5; זְאֵב עֲרָבוֹת Yirmiya 5:6 (figuratively of invader); compare description of Exodus אֶרֶץ עֲרָבָה וְשׁוּחָה Yirmiya 2:6; in simile, of a plain, of future land of Judah Zecharia 14:10.—Vid. Driver Devarim 1:1 ^{and reff.} Buhl^{Geogr. 111}.

עֶ֫רֶב

n.[m. Shmuel Alef 20:5 del. הַשְּׁלִישִׁית see Wellhausen Driver and elsewhere] (sun)set, evening;—absolute ע׳ Melachim Beis 2:16 +, עָ֑רֶב Shemos 12:18 +; construct עֶרֶב Mishlei 7:9; dual עַרְבַּיִם Shemos 30:8 + 4 times, -בָּ֑יִם Shemos 12:6 + 5 times (all P);—

evening, orig. sunset, and hence perhaps לְעֵת ע׳ at the time of sunset †Breishis 8:11, Breishis 24:11 (J; ‖ לְעֵת צֵאת הַשֹּׁאֲבֹת), Shmuel Beis 11:2 Yeshaya 17:14 and (of the day of י׳) Zecharia 14:7, עֵת הָע׳ Yehoshua 8:29†; usually ע׳ alone = time of sunset, evening: בָּע׳ in the evening Breishis 19:1, Breishis 29:23, Shemos 12:18, Devarim 16:6 (+ כְּבוֹא שֶׁמֶשׁ), Melachim Alef 22:35 (compare ‖ Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:34 where + לְעֵת בּוֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ) + 20 times + בָּע(־)בָּע׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:11^(×2) = every evening; לָע׳ at evening only late: †Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:40; Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:30; Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:3; Ezra 3:3 Tehillim 59:7, Tehillim 59:1R; Tehillim 90:6; Koheles 11:6†; לִפְנוֹת ע׳ at the turn of evening †Breishis 24:63, Devarim 23:12; ע׳ as adverb direct object Shemos 16:6, Tehillim 55:18; as marking duration of impurity, in phr. עַד־הָע׳ Vayikra 11:24 + 30 times P + Vayikra 22:6; of Day of Atonement מֵע׳ עַד־ע׳ Vayikra 23:32.

dual in phrase (only P) בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם between the two evenings, that is probably between sunset and dark (see Gesenius' Thesaurus [various views fully given]; otherwise Dillmann Shemos 12:6; on form as poss. only expanded plural see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 88 c), †Shemos 12:6; Shemos 16:12; Shemos 29:39, Shemos 29:41; Shemos 30:8; Vayikra 23:5; Bamidbar 9:3, Bamidbar 9:5, Bamidbar 9:11; Bamidbar 28:4, Bamidbar 28:8†.

other phrases are: צִלְלֵי ע׳ Yirmiya 6:4 (dist. from צָהֳרָ֑יִם and לָ֑יְלָה v Yirmiya 6:5), מִנְחַת (הָ)ע׳ †Melachim Beis 16:15; Ezra 9:4, Ezra 9:5 Tehillim 141:2 Daniel 9:21†; זְאֵבֵי ע׳ see 1. זְאֵב; for all combin. with בֹּקֶר morning, see ב׳ 1 d, e.

(late poet.) = night, עָ֑רֶב Iyov 7:4; compare בְּנֶשֶׁף בְּעֶרֶב יוֹם Mishlei 7:9 (‖ בְּאִישׁוֹן לַיְלָה וַאֲפֵלָה).

עֹרֵב

noun (masc.) ^{Vayikra 11:15} raven;—ע׳ Yeshaya 34:11; הָע׳ Breishis 8:7 Vayikra 11:15; Devarim 14:14; Iyov 38:41; כָּעוֹרֵב Shir HaShirim 5:11 black as the raven; בְּנֵי עֹרֵב Tehillim 147:9, young ravens; plural absolute הָעֹרְבִים Melachim Alef 17:4, Melachim Alef 17:6; construct עֹרְבֵי־נַחַל Mishlei 30:17.

עֲרָבָה²

n.[f.] poplar (populus Euphratica = Arabic غَرَبٌ Wellhausen in De Gn (Breishis 4), 568 Kersten^{ZPV ii. 209} De Is (Yeshaya 4) 44, 4 Löw ^{p. 300 Anm.}; Mishnaic Hebrew עֲרָבָה; √ obscure);—plural absolute עֲרָבִים עַל־יִבְלֵי־מָ֑יִם Yeshaya 44:4, compare Tehillim 137:2; construct עַרְבֵי־נָ֑חַל Vayikra 23:40; Iyov 40:22; נַחַל־הָעֲרָבִים Yeshaya 15:7 (a wady in Moab; identification doubtful, see conjectures in Buhl^{Geogr. 124}).

עֲרָד

proper name (place) Can. city in the Negeb, Αραδ (Egyptian ʿa-ru-dâ WMM^{As. u. Eur. 168, 170});—Shoftim 1:16, מֶלֶךְ־ע׳ Bamidbar 21:1 = Bamidbar 33:40, Yehoshua 12:14 (D, Α(ι)ραθ, A SeptuagintL Αδερ); probably mod. Tel Arad, Yehoshua 12:16 1/2 miles S. of Hebron; compare G.F. Moore Shoftim 1:16 Buhl^{Geogr. 182}.

עֲרָד²

proper name (masc.) Benjamite Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:15, Ωρηρ, A Αρωδ, SeptuagintL Αραδ.

עָרָה

verb be naked, bare (Arabic عَرِىَ be naked; Phoenician ערה [Pi.] lay bare (compare Bloch Lidzbarski); Assyrian ûru, nakedness, also desert waste (compare [עָרָה] below) Jäger^{BAS ii. 282} and reff.; Mishnaic Hebrew עֶרְוָה = Biblical Hebrew, Targum עִירְיְתָא; Syriac ܥܪܳܝܽܘܬܳܐ in Lexx);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular עֵרָה Yeshaya 22:6 Tzefania 2:14; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְעָרֶה Yeshaya 3:17; 3rd feminine singular וַתְּעַר Breishis 24:20; 2nd masculine singular juss. תְּעַר Tehillim 141:8; 3rd masculine plural וִיעָרוּ Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:11; imperative (ציווי) mpl. עָ֫רוּ Tehillim 137:7^(×2); infinitive (מקור) absolute עָרוֹת Chavakuk 3:13 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 75 n);—

lay bare Yeshaya 3:17; Yeshaya 22:6; Tzefania 2:14 (indef. subj.); of laying foundations bare, that is tearing down walls, etc. Chavakuk 3:13 (yet on text see Nowack), absolute עָ֫רוּ עָ֑רוּ Tehillim 137:7^(×2).

lay bare by removing contents, empty, water-jar Breishis 24:20 (J; + אֶל location), chest Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:11.

pour out, אַל־תְּעַר נַפְשָׁי Tehillim 141:8 (that is slay).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הֶעֱרָה:

make naked, of sexual offences Vayikra 20:18, Vayikra 20:19 (both ‖ גִּלָּה).

pour out, הֶע׳ לַמָּוֶת נַפְשׁוֹ Yeshaya 53:12 (figuratively for slay, compare Pi. 3).

passive of Hiph. 2: 3rd masculine singular יֵעָרֶה עָלֵינוּ רוּחַ Yeshaya 32:15 (figuratively) until there be poured upon us a spirit from on high.

future (עתיד) 2nd feminine singular תִּתְעָרִ֑י Eicha 4:21 thou shalt make thyself naked (of Edom under figuratively of drunken woman).

participle (בינוני) מִתְעָרֶה Tehillim 37:35 usually pouring himself, that is spreading himself out like a tree (Baethgen doubts; Duhm מִתְעַלֶּה lifting himself up, compare Septuagint).

עָרָה²

noun (fem.) bare place;—plural עָרוֹת Yeshaya 19:7 (si vera interpr.; > Septuagint ἄχ(ε)ι, Ki Saad reeds).

עֶרְוָה

noun (fem.) nakedness, pudenda;—absolute ע׳ Shemos 28:42 Vayikra 18:6; usually construct עֶרְוַת Breishis 9:22 +, with suffix עֶרְוָתְֽךָ Shemos 20:20 (Ginsb), Vayikra 18:10; עֶרְוָתֵךְ Yeshaya 47:3 +; -תוֹ Vayikra 20:17, -תָהּ Vayikra 18:7 +; with suffix 3rd feminine plural עֶרְוָתָן v Vayikra 18:9, Vayikra 18:10;—

pudenda, of man, רָאָה ע׳ implying shameful exposure Breishis 9:22, Breishis 9:23; mostly of woman: figuratively of Jerus. (c. רָאָה) Eicha 1:8; Yechezkel 16:37; usually c. גלה: literally תִּגָּלֶה ע׳ that is be exposed to view Shemos 20:20 (Ginsb; van d. H. v Shemos 20:23; E), so, as shameful punishment, figuratively of Egypt Yeshaya 20:4 (gloss according to Duhm Cheyne Dillmann-Kittel), Babylonian Yeshaya 47:3, of Jerus. Yechezkel 16:37; Yechezkel 23:10, Yechezkel 23:29 (עֶרְוַת זְנוּנַיִךְ; all three object of active verb); chiefly euphem. for cohabit., גִּלָּה ע׳ Vayikra 18:6 + (see גלה Pi. 1 a); figuratively of Jerus. (verb passive) Yechezkel 16:36; רָאָה ע׳ in same meaning Vayikra 20:17^(×2) (H; of both sexes); ע׳ also Vayikra 18:8, Vayikra 18:10, Vayikra 18:16; כִּסָּה ע׳ cover nakedness Breishis 9:23, Shemos 28:42 (P; בְּשַׂר ע׳), Hoshea 2:11 (figuratively of Isr.), Yechezkel 16:8 (of Jerus.); reviling words are לְבֹשֶׁת ע׳ אִמֶּ֑ךָ Shmuel Alef 20:30 (compare Doughty^{Arabic Deserta i. 269}).

עֶרְוַת דָּבָר nakedness of a thing, that is probably indecency, improper behaviour Devarim 23:15; Devarim 24:1 (see Driver).

figuratively ע׳ הָאָרֶץ Breishis 42:9, Breishis 42:12, that is its exposed, undefended parts (Arabic عَوْرَةٌ).

עֶרְיָה

noun (fem.) nakedness;—always absolute ע׳;—ע׳־בֹּשֶׁת Micha 1:11 (in) nakedness, (in) shame (figuratively of town Shaphir); of Jerus. עֵרֹם וְע׳ Yechezkel 16:7 + 3 times (see עֵירֹם under II. עור); of bow Chavakuk 3:9 (see II. עור).

עָרוֹד

n.[m.] wild ass (probably Aramaic loan-word (= Hebrew פֶּרֶא), Targum עֲרָדָא, עֲרוֹדָא; Syriac ܥܪܳܕܳܐ; Mand. אראדא, compare Hom^{NS 133})* Iyov 39:5.

עָרַךְ

verb arrange or set in order (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; also roll dough, Targum עֲרַךְ the same; Phoenician ערכת CIS^{Noldeke. 132, 4} valuation, Bloch, but doubtful; Arabic عَرَكَ iii. contend in battle, مَعْرَكٌ, مَعْرَكَةٌ, battle-ground);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ע׳ Iyov 32:14; Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:3, וְע׳ consec. Vayikra 1:12; Vayikra 6:5; עָרַכְתִּי Bamidbar 23:4 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַעֲרֹךְ Shemos 27:21 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) עֶרְכָה Iyov 33:5, עִרְכוּ Yirmiya 46:3; Yirmiya 50:14 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 481); infinitive (מקור) absolute עָרֹךְ Yeshaya 21:5; construct עֲרךְ Shoftim 20:22 +; participle (בינוני) active plural עֹרְכִים Yeshaya 65:11, etc.; passive עָרוּךְ Yirmiya 6:23 +, construct עֱרוּךְ Yoel 2:5 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 22.4.2); not in D;

arrange in order, seven altars Bamidbar 23:4, that is I have built seven altars in a row (compare בנה v Bamidbar 23:1), flax-stalks Yehoshua 2:6 (both ); especially

set or lay in order, as wood Breishis 22:9, Melachim Alef 18:33, compare Tophet Yeshaya 30:33; Vayikra 1:7; offerings Vayikra 1:8, Vayikra 1:12; Vayikra 6:5; lamp(s) Shemos 27:21; Vayikra 24:3, Vayikra 24:4 (all P), lamp (figuratively of dynasty) Tehillim 132:17; ‘shew’-bread Shemos 40:4, Shemos 40:23 (upon [עַל] sacred שֻׁלְחָן; both with a direct object cogn.), Vayikra 24:8.

in common life (compare Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 183 f., 2nd ed. 200 f.}), arrange a table (that is dishes in order upon it), שֻׁלְחָן Yeshaya 21:5 Mishlei 9:2 (figuratively of wisdom), Yechezkel 23:41 (of Jerus. in figuratively); Tehillim 23:5; Tehillim 78:19 (figuratively; subj. God); in idolatr. worship Yeshaya 65:11.

arrange a battle, that is draw up in battle order, ע׳ מִלְחָמָה Shoftim 20:22; Shmuel Alef 17:8; Shmuel Beis 10:8 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:9; Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:37 (van d. H. v Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:36); Divrei HaYamim Beis 14:9; עֹרְכֵי מִלְחָמָה Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:34, Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:36 (van d. H. v Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:33, Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:35); עֱרוּךְ מ׳ Yoel 2:5; + אֵת with, that is against Shoftim 20:20 Breishis 14:8, עִם Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:3; + לִקְרַאת Shmuel Alef 17:2; Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:17; ע׳ מַעֲרָכָה לִקְרַאת Shmuel Alef 17:21; עָרוּךְ כְּאִישׁ לַמִּלְחָמָה Yirmiya 6:23; Yirmiya 50:42; object om. Shoftim 20:22, Shoftim 20:33, + לִקְרַאת Shmuel Alef 4:2; Shmuel Beis 10:9, Shmuel Beis 10:10 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:10, Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:11; Shmuel Beis 10:17; + אֶל against Shoftim 20:30; Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:17, + על Yirmiya 50:14, לְ against Yirmiya 50:9;—Iyov 6:4 read יַעַכְרוּנִי Dillmann Budde Duhm

arrange weapons of army in order for battle Yirmiya 46:3; Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:9 (van d. H. v Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:8).

arrange words (מִלִּין) Iyov 32:14 (+ אֶל against), so (object om.) Iyov 33:5 (+ לְפָנַי), Iyov 37:19 Tehillim 5:4 (probably; > of arranging a sacrifice); compare recount things in order, יַעְרְכֶהָ לִי Yeshaya 44:7.

state in order, set forth a legal case Iyov 13:18; Iyov 23:4, so probably (object om.) of God Tehillim 50:21 (+ לְעֵינֶיךָ), and (passive of בְּרִית) Shmuel Beis 23:5 (compare Driver).—הֲיַעֲרֹךְ שׁועך Iyov 36:19 is difficult: Dillmann will he set thy cry (שַׁוְעֲךָ) in order? Bi (for לֹא) הֲיֵעָרֵךְ שׁ׳ לוֹ shall thy cry be set in order unto him? (sense good, although Niph. not found); see and elsewhere in Dillmann

compare (as result of arranging in order): מַה־דְּמוּת תַּע׳־לוֹ Yeshaya 40:18 what likeness will ye compare to him? אֵין עֲרֹךְ אֵלֶיךָ Tehillim 40:6.

intrans. be comparable, c. לְ, Tehillim 89:7 (‖ דָּמָה), c. with suffix of thing compared Iyov 28:17, Iyov 28:19.

עֵ֫רֶךְ

noun (masc.) Vayikra 27; Vayikra 25 order, row, estimate;—construct ע׳ Shoftim 17:10; Shemos 40:23; with suffix עֶרְכִּי Tehillim 55:14, עֶרְכְּךָ Vayikra 5:15 +, etc.;—

order, row, ע׳ בְּגָדִים Shoftim 17:10 a (complete) suit of clothes (laid out in order), Septuagint (Vaticanus) στολὴν ἱματίων; ע׳ לֶחֶם Shemos 40:23 that is loaves arranged in a row, so ע׳ alone v Shemos 40:4; עֶרְכּוֹ Iyov 41:4 his symmetry (see חִין under חנן).

estimate, valuation, made by ordering, classifying: אִישׁ כְּעֶרְכּוֹ Melachim Beis 23:35; in Melachim Beis 12:5 read עֵרֶךְ (for Masoretic Text עוֹבֵר) money of a man’s valuation Septuagint Benzinger Kittel, and probably del. כֶּסֶף נַפְשׁוֹת עֶרְכּוֹ (? כ׳ עֶרֶךְ נ׳ Kittel) as gloss (Stade^{journal ZAW v (1885), 288 f.}); כְּעֶרְכִּי Tehillim 55:14 a man according to my valuation, figuratively for my equal; elsewhere P, of priest’s valuation of trespass-offering Vayikra 5:15, Vayikra 5:18, Vayikra 5:25, vows, and redemption-money Vayikra 27:2, Vayikra 27:3^(×2), Vayikra 27:4 + 17 times 27 (כֶּסֶף עֶרְכְּךָ v Vayikra 27:15, Vayikra 27:19, מִכְסַת הָעֶרְכְּךָ v Vayikra 27:3 [del. הָ], compare v Vayikra 27:23 [del. the same]), Bamidbar 18:16.—Iyov 28:13 read דַּרְכָּהּ Septuagint Dillmann and elsewhere

עָרַךְ²

verbdenom.

value (for taxation), tax (from עֵרֶךְ 2);—past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הֶעֱרִיךְ אֶת־הָאָרֶץ Melachim Beis 23:35; in P, וְהֶע׳ consec., with a direct object person Vayikra 27:8, Vayikra 27:12 c. with suffix v Vayikra 27:14; future (עתיד) יַעֲרִיךְ v Vayikra 27:14; with suffix יַעֲרִכֶנּוּ v Vayikra 27:8.

עָרְלָה

noun (fem.) foreskin;—ע׳ Breishis 34:14; Yirmiya 9:24; construct עָרְלַת Shemos 4:25; Devarim 10:16, etc.; plural הָעֲרָלוֹת (not עֳ׳) Yehoshua 5:3 (Konig^{ii. 1, 158}); construct עָרְלוֹת Yirmiya 4:4 + 2 times; עָרְלֹתֵיהֶם Shmuel Alef 18:27;—foreskin Shmuel Alef 18:25, Shmuel Alef 18:27; Shmuel Beis 3:14, compare גִּבְעַת הָעֲרָלוֹת Yehoshua 5:3 hill of the foreskins, near Gilgal; of circumcision, כרת ע׳ Shemos 4:25, בְּשַׂר ע׳ Breishis 17:11 + 5 times P (see II. מוּל), אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר לוֹ ע׳ Breishis 34:14, that is one uncircumcised; compare Yirmiya 9:24; figuratively of fruit trees, עָרְלָתוֹ Vayikra 19:23 (P; see [עָרַל]); figuratively of heart, ע׳ לבב Devarim 10:16; Yirmiya 4:4.

עָרַל

verb denom. count as foreskin, that is as uncircumcised;—

past (עבר) 2nd masculine plural, with a direct object cogn. וַעֲרַלְתֶּם עָרְלָתוֹ Vayikra 19:23 ye shall regard its fruit as uncircumcised, and not eat it (for three years) (> Siegfried-Stade remove its foreskin (its fruit), as Vulgate, compare Septuagint περικαθαριεῖτε τὴν ἀκαθαρσίαν αὐτοῦ).

imperative (ציווי) הֵעָרֵל Chavakuk 2:16 be counted uncircumcised, that is be object of mockery; but doubtful, read probably הֵרָעֵל reel (Septuagint Peshitta Wellhausen Nowack Buhl^Lex).

עָרֵל

adjective having foreskin, that is uncircumcised;—ע׳ Shemos 12:48 + 5 times; construct עֶ֫רֶל Yechezkel 44:9^(×2); עֲרַל Shemos 6:12, Shemos 6:30; f. עֲרֵלָה Yirmiya 6:10; plural עֲרֵלִים Vayikra 19:23 + 20 times; construct עַרְלֵי Yirmiya 9:25 + 2 times;—uncircumcised person Shemos 12:48; Yehoshua 5:7, Philistines Shoftim 14:3; Shoftim 15:18; Shmuel Alef 14:6; Shmuel Alef 17:26, Shmuel Alef 17:36; Shmuel Alef 31:4; Shmuel Beis 1:20; Divrei HaYamim Alef 10:4; of other nations Yeshaya 52:1; Yirmiya 9:25, especially as slain Yechezkel 28:10; Yechezkel 31:18; Yechezkel 32:19 + 9 times Yechezkel 32:32; in v Yechezkel 32:27 read מֵעוֹלָם so Hitzig and most (see on meaning Toy Yechezkel 31:18); עָרֵל זָכֶר uncircumcised male Breishis 17:14; ע׳ בָּשָׂר Yechezkel 4:7, Yechezkel 4:9 uncircumcised of flesh; figuratively of fruit trees Vayikra 19:23 (compare [עָרַל] above); ע׳ שְׂפָתַיִם figuratively of incapacity to speak Shemos 6:12, Shemos 6:30; of character, ע׳ לב Yirmiya 9:25; Yechezkel 44:7, Yechezkel 44:9, compare לִבָבָם הֶעָרֵל Vayikra 26:41, עֲרֵלָה אָזְנָם Yirmiya 6:10 their ear is uncircumcised (unreceptive).

עֵרֹם

see II. עור.

עָרַם

verb

be heaped up (compare Sabean אערמהו, plural of [ערם] dam, so Arabic عَرِمٌ, compare D.H. Müller^{ZMG xxx (1876), 676; VOJ i. 25} who cp. Biblical Hebrew עֲרֵמָה, Arabic عَرَمَةٌ (which Frä ¹³⁵ thinks Aramaic loan-word), compare ܥܪܰܡ Pa. heap up; > Wetzstein^{Zeltschr. für Ethnol. 1873, 279 (Syriac Dreschtafel)} who cp. عَرَمَ strip [whence עַרְמוֹן below], and thinks עֲרֵמָה = bare heap);—past (עבר) 3rd plural נֶעֶרְמוּ מַיִם Shemos 15:8.

עָרֹם

verb be shrewd, crafty (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Hiph.; Arabic عَرَمَ, عَرِمَ, عَرُمَ, be ill-natured, cross; Targum adjective עָרִים shrewd, Syriac ܥܪܝܡ the same, and verb in der. spec. (Pe. in Lexx.));—

infinitive (מקור) absolute in עָרֹם יַעְרִם Shmuel Alef 23:22 he is exceedingly crafty.

future (עתיד) be crafty, 3rd masculine singular יַעְרִם Shmuel Alef 23:22; be or become shrewd יַעְרִם Mishlei 15:5; Mishlei 19:25; all these Qal future (עתיד)in—ִ according to Barth^{ZMG xlili (1889), 180} so Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 63 n Buhl^Lex, but perhaps read יֶעְרַם as Qal; true Hiph. in 3rd masculine plural יַעֲרִימוּ סוֹד Tehillim 83:4⁴ they make crafty (their) counsel against thy people.

עָרְמָה

noun (fem.) craftiness, prudence;—

בְע׳ craftily Shemos 21:14, Yehoshua 9:4.

ע׳ in Pr, in good sense, prudence Mishlei 1:4; Mishlei 8:5, Mishlei 8:12.

עָרוּם

adjective crafty, shrewd, sensible;—

crafty, ע׳ as pred., of serpent Breishis 3:1; plural as noun מַחְשְׁבוֹת עֲרוּמִים Iyov 5:12, לְשׁוֹן ע׳ Iyov 15:5.

in Pr, in good sense (opposite אֱוִיל, כְּסִיל, פֶּתִי); as attrib. אָדָם עָרוּם Mishlei 12:23 a shrewd or sensible man; ע׳ as noun = the same, v Mishlei 12:16; Mishlei 13:16, so חָכְמַת ע׳ Mishlei 14:8; = prudent man Mishlei 14:15; Mishlei 22:3; Mishlei 27:12; plural עֲרוּמִים Mishlei 14:18.

עַרְעָר

see II. ערר.

עֹ֫רֶף

noun (masc.) ^{Devarim 31:27} back of neck, neck;—ע׳ absolute Yehoshua 7:12 +; construct Breishis 49:8 +; with suffix עָרְפִּי Iyov 16:12, עָרְפְּךָ Devarim 31:27, etc.;—

back of neck of fleeing foe יָֽדְךָ בְּע׳ אֹיְבֶיךָ Breishis 49:8 (poem in J), compare וְאָחַז בְּעָרְפִּי Iyov 16:12 (figuratively); Shemos 23:27, Tehillim 18:41 = Shmuel Beis 22:41; turn (הָפַךְ, פָּנָה) one’s back before (לִפְנֵי) a foe Yehoshua 7:8, Yehoshua 7:12, absolute Yirmiya 48:39; figuratively of apostasy פָּנָה ע׳אֶל Yirmiya 2:27; Yirmiya 32:33 (opposite פָּנָה פָנִים) absolute וַיִּתְּנוּ ע׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:6; of י׳’s disfavour ע׳ וְלֹא פָנִים אֶרְאֵם Yirmiya 18:17 with the back and not the face will I look at them.

figuratively in קְשֵׁה־ע׳ stiff of neck, that is obstinate, of Isr. Shemos 32:8; Shemos 33:3, Shemos 33:5; Shemos 34:9 (all ), Devarim 9:6, Devarim 9:13; עָרְפְּךָ הַקָּשֶׁה Devarim 31:27; with verb הִקְשָׁה ע׳ that is be obstinate, intractable Devarim 10:16; Yirmiya 7:26; Yirmiya 17:23; Yirmiya 19:15; Melachim Beis 17:14^(×2) Nechemia 9:16, Nechemia 9:17, Nechemia 9:29; Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:8; compare גִּיד בַּרְזֶל ע׳ Yeshaya 48:4 (‖ קָשֶׁה אָ֑תָּת); הִקְשָׁה ע׳ of individual Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:13; Mishlei 29:1.

of bird: nip its head מִמּוּל עָרְפּוֹ Vayikra 5:8.

עָרַף

verb denom. break the neck of an animal;—

past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular with suffix וַעֲרַפְתּוֹ consec. Shemos 13:13; Shemos 34:20, 3rd plural וְעָֽרְפוּ־שָׁם אֶת־הָעֶגְלָה consec. Devarim 21:4; participle (בינוני) active עוֹרֵף כֶּלֶב Yeshaya 66:3; passive הָעֲרוּפָה הָעֶגְלָה Devarim 21:6; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַעֲרֹף Hoshea 10:2 figuratively of breaking down altars.

עָרְפָּה

proper namef. sister-in-law of Ruth, Rus 1:4, Rus 1:14, Ορφα.

עָרַף²

verb drip, drop (compare Arabic غَرَفَ lade out water with the hand (as with ladle) compare Phoenician ערפת portico (whence rain drips) see Hoffmann^{Abh. d. GGW xxxvi. May, 1889, 12f.}; compare also غُرْفَةٌ upper-room; מערף ענן Ecclus 43:22 the dropping of a cloud, Assyrian irpu, irpitu, cloud(s));—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural שָׁמָיו יַעַרְפוּ־טָ֑ל Devarim 33:28 his heavens drop dew; figuratively, of speech, intrans., יַעֲרֹף כַּמָּטָר לִקְחִי Devarim 32:2 let my teaching drop like the rain (‖ תִּזַּל כַּטַּל אִמְרָתִי).—Cf. רָעַף.

עֲרָפֶל

noun (masc.) cloud, heavy cloud (perhaps from above √ + ל afform; Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Syriac ܥܰܪܦܶܠܴܐ; Targum עֲרָפֵילָא; Mand. ארפילא Noldeke^{M 126, 128}; on vocaliz. see Barth^{NB 160} and against him Schwally^{journal ZAW x (1890), 178} who proposes עַרְפֶּל);—ע׳ in which God dwells Shemos 20:15 (Gi; van d. H. v Shemos 20:18), Melachim Alef 8:12 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:1; + עָנָן Devarim 4:11 (also חֹשֶׁךְ), Devarim 5:17 (Devarim 5:19) Tehillim 97:2; Iyov 22:13 v בַּעַד; ע׳ תַּחַת רַגְלָיו Shmuel Beis 22:10 = Tehillim 18:10; as swaddling-bands of sea Iyov 38:9; figuratively of misery Yeshaya 60:2 (‖ חֹשֶׁךְ); of י׳’s judgment Yirmiya 13:16 (‖ צַלְמָוֶת), as a past day יוֹם עָנָן וַע׳ Yechezkel 34:12 = (of future day of י׳) Tzefania 1:15 (‖ יוֹם חשֶׁךְ וַאֲפֵלָה) = Yoel 2:2 (‖ the same).

עָרִיץ

adjective awe-inspiring, terror-striking;—ע׳ of י׳, כְּגִבּוֹר עָרִיץ Yirmiya 20:11; plural as noun עָרִיצִים, in bad sense of formidable adversaries, personal, Yirmiya 15:21 (‖ רָעִים), Iyov 6:23 (‖ צָר), and national, Tehillim 54:5 (‖ זָרִים), = עֲדַת ע׳ Tehillim 86:14 (‖ זֵדִים), הֲמוֹן ע׳ Yeshaya 29:5 (‖ זָרָ֑יִךְ); especially of Chaldeans Yeshaya 13:11, construct עָרִיצֵי גוֹיִם most terrifying of the nations Yechezkel 28:7 (‖ זָרִים) Yechezkel 30:11; Yechezkel 31:12 (‖ זָרִים), Yechezkel 32:12; so (probably) singular עָרִיץ Yeshaya 49:25 (read ע׳ also for צַדִּיק v Yechezkel 32:24, so Lo Ewald Cheyne Gratz and elsewhere); without specif. ref. גּוֹרִם עָרִיצִים Yeshaya 25:3 awe-inspiring nations (Duhm Cheyne take ע׳ as noun), רוּחַ ע׳ v Yeshaya 25:4 (del. as gloss Dillmann and elsewhere), זְמִיר ע׳ v Yeshaya 25:5 (del. verse as gloss Duhm Cheyne); late, of wicked in generally, as ruthless רָאִיתִי רָשָׁע ע׳ Tehillim 37:35 I have seen a wicked man ruthless; as noun, Yeshaya 29:20 (‖ לֵץ), Iyov 15:20 (‖ רשׁע), plural Iyov 27:13 (‖ the same), Mishlei 11:16; read also עָרִיץִ(ים) Yeshaya 11:4 (for Masoretic Text אֶרֶץ), so Cheyne Br^MP Duhm Gratz and elsewhere (‖ רָשָׁע).

עָרַר

verb strip oneself (‖ form of ערה, II. עור);—

imperative (ציווי) עֹ֫רָה Yeshaya 32:11 (‖ פְּשֹׁ֫טָה; according to Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 110 k Hitzig De and elsewhere ms. with fpl. subj.; according to Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 226 a Duhm Dillmann and elsewhere fpl., shortened from ערנה etc.). Pōʿ. past (עבר) 3rd plural עוֹרְרוּ אַרְמְנוֹתֶיהָ Yeshaya 23:13 they have laid bare (the foundations of) her palaces, that is destroyed them; so

infinitive (מקור) absolute +

future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular עַרְעֵר תִּתְעַרְעַר Yirmiya 51:58 be laid utterly bare, compare ערה

1.

עֲרִירִי

adjective stripped, specif. childless;—ע׳ Breishis 15:2, Yirmiya 22:30; plural עֲרִירִים Vayikra 20:20, Vayikra 20:21.

עֲרוֹעֵר

n.[m.] probably a tree or bush; juniper? (Arabic عَرْعَرٌ juniper (or cypress? see Lane), so Tristr^{NHB 358} Robinson^{BR ii. 124}; on format. see Lagarde^{BN 162} Barth^{NB 160});—עֲרוֹעֵר בַּמִּדְבָּר Yirmiya 48:6, + Yirmiya 17:6, where read probably עֲרֹעֵר בָּעֲרָבָה (for Masoretic Text עַרְעָר; > Graf and elsewhere conversely, read עַרְעָר Yirmiya 48:6).

עֲרֹעֵר

proper name (place) Αροηρ, Mesha Inscription²⁶ ערער;—

city on N. bank of Arnon, S. limit of E. Jordan Isr., עֲרֹעֵר Bamidbar 32:34, Devarim 2:36; Devarim 3:12; Devarim 4:48; Yehoshua 12:2 Melachim Beis 10:33; Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:8; עֲרוֹעֵר Yehoshua 13:9, v Yehoshua 13:16, Shmuel Beis 24:5; Moabitish Yirmiya 48:19 (compare Mesha Inscription²⁶); once עַרְעֹר Shoftim 11:26; mod. ʿArʿâir Buhl^{Geogr. 269}, Tristr^{Moab 129 ff.}

city near Rabbah in Ammon, עֲרֹעֵר Shoftim 11:33, עֲרוֹ׳ Yehoshua 13:25, site unknown.

city in S. Judah, עֲרֹעֵר Shmuel Alef 30:28 (Septuagint Αροηρ + Αμμαδει, latter orig. according to Wellhausen, indicating form ערערה; SeptuagintL Ραγουηλ); + Yehoshua 15:22 reading ע׳ (or עַרְעָרָה) for Masoretic Text עַדְעָדָה, Septuagint (Vaticanus) Αρουηλ, Wellhausen Shmuel Alef 30, Shmuel Alef 28 (compareDriver H.P. Smith), Dillmann^{ad location} Benn Steuern; poss. ʿArʿâra c. 9 miles S. of E. from Beersheba, but compare Buhl^{Geogr. 183}.—Yeshaya 17:2 read עָרֶיהָ עֲדֵי עַד Septuagint Lo Lagarde^{Sem. i. 30} Cheyne Buhl^Lex and elsewhere (for Masoretic Text עָרֵי עֲרֹעֵר).—Vid. also Cheyne^{Ency. Bib. 317}.

עֶ֫רֶשׂ

noun (fem.) ^{Iyov 7:13} couch, divan;—construct ע׳ Devarim 3:11 +; absolute עָ֑רֶשׂ Amos 3:12; with suffix עַרְשִׂי Iyov 7:13 +, etc.; plural with suffix עַרְשׂוֹתָם Amos 6:4;—couch, divan, Amos 3:12; Amos 6:4 (‖ מִטּוֹת), + Shmuel Beis 17:28 (read עַרְשׂת מִשְׁכָּב Klostermann Ne^{Marg. 18} H.P. Smith, compare Septuagint); for lying at night Iyov 7:13 Tehillim 6:7 (‖ מִטָּה), Mishlei 7:16, עֶרֶשׂ יְצוּעָ֑י Tehillim 132:3 the couch of (consisting in) my bed; couch of sickness Tehillim 41:4; marriage couch Shir HaShirim 1:16; perhaps transf. to sarcophagus, as last couch עַרְשׂוֹ עֶרֶשׂ בַּרְזֶל Devarim 3:11 (see Driver).

עֵ֫שֶׂב

noun (masc.) ^{Breishis 1:11} herb, herbage;—ע׳ absolute Devarim 11:15 +; construct Breishis 2:5 +; with suffix עֶשְׂבָּם Yeshaya 42:15; plural construct עִשְּׂבוֹת (d.f. dirim.) Mishlei 27:25;—herb, herbage, in oldest use often generally (therefore incl. grass [דֶּשֶׁא]): ע׳ הַשָּׂדֶה Shemos 9:22, Breishis 2:5 (+ שִׂיחַ) Shemos 9:25 (+ עֵץ), Shemos 10:15 (+ id; all J) Amos 7:2, so ע׳ הָאָרֶץ Shemos 10:12, + פְּרִי הָעֵץ v Shemos 10:15, whence Tehillim 105:35; appar. generally also in ע׳ הארץ Iyov 5:25 Tehillim 72:16, ע׳ alone Tehillim 92:8; ע׳ כָּל־הַשָּׂדֶה Yirmiya 12:14, ע׳ alone Devarim 32:2 (‖ דֶּשֶׁא), Yeshaya 42:15 Tehillim 102:5, Tehillim 102:12, and Devarim 29:22 Micha 5:6 Mishlei 19:12; hence ע׳ as food for cattle Devarim 11:15 Tehillim 106:20 compare Yirmiya 14:6 Zecharia 10:1; עִשְּׂבוֹת הָרִים Mishlei 27:25 (‖ דֶּשֶׁא, חָצִיר); but as human food (hence excluding דֶּשֶׁא) ע׳ הַשָּׂדֶה Breishis 3:18; especially P Breishis 1:29 (+ עֶץ), יֶרֶק ע׳ v Breishis 1:30; Breishis 9:3, hence ע׳ Tehillim 104:14 (‖ חָצִיר for cattle); ע׳ disting. from דֶּשֶׁא, עֵץ also Breishis 1:11, Breishis 1:12, ע׳ שָׂדֶה + דֶּשֶׁא, חָצִיר Melachim Beis 19:26 + Yeshaya 37:27.

עָשָׂה

I. עָשָׂה verb do, make (Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Mesha Inscription^23.26 עשתי, l.^3.9 ואעש, l.²⁴ imperative (ציווי) עשו; OH proper name עשיו, אלעשה, מעשיהו; not Aramaic, and not certainly found in S. Sem. lang.; on Sabean see especially D.H. Müller^{SB Berl. Akkadian 1886, 849});—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular Breishis 3:1 +, with suffix עָשָׂהוּ Hoshea 8:6 +; 3rd feminine singular עָֽשְׂתָה Devarim 22:21 +, וְעָשָׂת consec. Vayikra 25:21; 2nd masculine singular עָשִׂיתָ Breishis 3:14 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַעֲשֶׂה Breishis 18:25 +, וַיַּעֲשֶׂה Melachim Alef 16:25 + 3 times, וַיַּעַשׂ Yeshaya 5:2 +; יַעֲשֵׂה Yeshaya 64:3, 2nd masculine singular תַּעֲשֶׂה Shmuel Alef 10:8, תַּעֲשֵׂה Breishis 26:29 Yehoshua 7:9, juss. (c. אַל) תַּעַשׂ Breishis 22:12 +, תַּעֲשֵׂה Shmuel Beis 13:12 Yirmiya 40:16 Keri (Kesiv תַּעַשׂ); 1st singular אֶעֱשֶׂה Breishis 2:18 +, וָאֶעֱשֶׂה Yechezkel 20:14 Daniel 8:27, וָאַעַשׂ Devarim 10:3 + 4 times Ez; etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. עֲשֵׂה Shoftim 10:15 +; fs. עֲשִׂי Yirmiya 6:26 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute עָשׂה Yirmiya 44:17 +; עָשׂוֹ Yirmiya 7:5 + 2 times (Yirmiya 4:18 van d. H. עָשׂוּ); construct עֲשׂוֹת Breishis 2:4 +, עֲשֹׂה Breishis 50:20 + 2 times, עֲשׂוֹ Breishis 31:28, with suffix עֲשׂתוֹ Breishis 41:32 +, עֲשׂהוּ †Shemos 18:18, etc.; participle (בינוני) active עֹשֶׂה Yeshaya 5:5 +, with suffix הָעשֹׁוֹ Iyov 40:19 (but see below); plural עֹשִׂים Breishis 24:49 +; with suffix עֹשָׂ֑י Iyov 35:10 (yet see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 124 k), etc.; passive עָשׂוּי Shemos 3:16 +, הֶעָשׂוּ Iyov 41:25 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 75 k); f. עֲשׂוּיָה Yechezkel 21:20 +, etc.;—

do (1560 + times):

(1) with a direct object active Breishis 3:14 Breishis 20:10 + often; do right in eyes of י׳ Melachim Beis 12:3; Melachim Beis 14:13 +, evil Melachim Beis 8:18, Melachim Beis 8:27 + (compare i. עַיִן 3 c); do God’s commands, statutes, etc., Devarim 16:12; Devarim 30:8, Bamidbar 15:39; ע׳ חַיִל Shmuel Alef 14:48 + do might, that is mightily, valiantly; Mishlei 31:29 do efficiency, that is efficiently; = commit (offence) Vayikra 20:13, Devarim 20:18; followed by מִן particle, וְעָשָׂה מֵאַחַת מֵהֵנָּה Vayikra 4:2 and shall do a single one of them (things prohibited; see מִן 3 b (d)), compare וְעָשׂוּ אַחַת מִכָּל־מִצְוֹת י׳ v Melachim Beis 8:13, Melachim Beis 8:22; Melachim Beis 5:17 (all P); do = perform a work, with a direct object cogn. מַעֲשֶׂה Shemos 18:20; Shemos 23:12, also (י׳ subj.) Devarim 11:7 Daniel 9:14 Koheles 3:11; with a direct object מְלָאכָה Breishis 2:2, Breishis 2:2, Shemos 20:9, Shemos 20:10 = Devarim 9:13 (10 Words); with a direct object דְּרָכֶיךָ †Yeshaya 58:13; ע׳ מְלוּכָה עַל Melachim Alef 21:7 = exercise sovereignty over; of י׳ performing signs (אֹתֹת) Yehoshua 24:17, Bamidbar 14:11, Bamidbar 14:22, Devarim 11:3, so Moses Shemos 4:17 and (מֹפְתִים) v Shemos 4:21. (2) do something to one (ל person) Breishis 20:9, Shoftim 9:56 +; c. עַל reflex. Yirmiya 26:19 do evil against ourselves; especially י׳ subj., c. לְ, do good to Shemos 18:9, Melachim Alef 8:66, or evil Breishis 42:28; in phr. so may God do to me, etc. Shmuel Alef 3:17 Melachim Beis 6:31 + (see יסף Hiph. 1). (3) do something for one (ל person) Breishis 30:31 Melachim Alef 11:8 +, dir. object om. Shmuel Alef 20:4; + ל rei Shoftim 21:7, Shoftim 21:16 what shall we do for them, for wives? c. עַל person Nechemia 5:19; c. dat. eth. (ל) Shmuel Alef 10:7; c. לְ, of י׳ doing kindness for Shmuel Alef 22:3; executing vengeance for Shoftim 11:36 (+ מִן of enemy); י׳ doing a sign (אוֹת) for †Shoftim 6:17 (elsewhere נָתַן אוֹת לְ), compare עֲשֵׂה־עִמִּי אוֹת לְטוֹבָה Tehillim 86:17. (4) do someth. (in relation or intercourse) with (עִם, אֵת person), י׳ subj. Shemos 34:10 Devarim 1:30 all that he did with you, Devarim 10:21 (compare Tehillim 86:17 above), human subj. Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:24 (object שְׁפָטִים), Rus 2:11. (5) seldom c. ב, usually of executing judgment upon Shmuel Alef 28:18 Yeshaya 48:14, more generally Esther 1:15 what shall we do with the queen? also, subj. י׳, Yechezkel 25:11; Yechezkel 28:26 Tehillim 149:7, Tehillim 149:9 Bamidbar 33:4 (on false gods); in good sense, ע׳ חֲסָדִים בּ׳ Nechemia 13:14. (6) of י׳ doing the justice (מִשְׁפַּט) of any one, that is maintaining his cause Melachim Alef 8:45, Melachim Alef 8:49 Tehillim 9:5. (7) c. adverb do thus, כֹּה, Yehoshua 6:14, according to, כְּ, Breishis 6:22, Breishis 18:21, Melachim Alef 2:6; direct object as, כַּאֲשֶׁר Breishis 27:19; Shemos 1:17 +; c. בְּ of manner, Shoftim 9:16, Yechezkel 8:18; Yechezkel 25:15.

work for (ל rei) Breishis 30:30; c. ל person Shmuel Alef 14:6 Yechezkel 29:20 (for י׳); work in (ב) gold or other material Melachim Alef 7:14 Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:6, Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:13 Shemos 31:4, Shemos 31:5; Shemos 35:32 (all P); c. בָּהּ (that is בָּעֲבֹדָח) Shemos 5:9 in toil Nechemia 4:10; work w. (עִם) God Shmuel Alef 14:45, so probably of God’s working with (אֵת) Moses and Aaron Shmuel Alef 12:6 (usually appoint); c. עִם with (of person in whose company, in whose field) Rus 2:19^(×2) (gleaning); work בְּחֵפֶץ כַּפֶּיהָ Mishlei 31:13; without preposition Shemos 36:1 Nechemia 3:38.

deal with, c. עִם, Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:2 Daniel 1:13 (כַּאֲשֶׁר direct object as); c. אֵת, Ez (Yechezkel 17:17) Yechezkel 20:44 Micha 5:14 Tehillim 109:21; Yechezkel 22:14 Tzefania 3:19 (Gratz Nowack ins. כָּלָה, see ii 1 g), + כְּ Yirmiya 21:2, + בְּ of manner Yechezkel 23:25, Yechezkel 23:29; c. לְ person + בְּ Yechezkel 25:12; c. בְּ person, Yirmiya 18:23 Daniel 11:7, + כְּ according toNechemia 9:24 Esther 3:11.

often in phr., do kindness (חֶסֶד) with: c. עִם, (עִמָּדִי) Breishis 19:19; Breishis 24:12, Breishis 24:14, Shoftim 1:24; Shoftim 8:35 Shmuel Alef 15:6 Shmuel Beis 2:5; Shmuel Beis 10:2 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:2 +; c. עַל, Shmuel Alef 20:8 (but read עִם old versions Wellhausen Driver and elsewhere); absolute, Tehillim 109:16; object חֶסֶד + אֱמֶת, c. עִם, Yehoshua 2:14 Shoftim 9:19 Shmuel Beis 2:6; c. אֵת with, Breishis 24:49; Breishis 32:11; Breishis 47:29 (all J); c. לְ, Shemos 20:6 = Devarim 5:10, Shmuel Beis 22:51 = Tehillim 18:51; so ע׳ טוֹב, c. עִם, Breishis 26:29, compare Shoftim 8:35; Shoftim 9:16; c. אֵת with, Shmuel Alef 24:19 Shmuel Beis 2:6.

absolute act, act with effect, especially of י׳, Melachim Alef 8:32, Melachim Alef 8:39 Yirmiya 14:7 Yechezkel 20:9, Yechezkel 20:14, Yechezkel 20:22 Tehillim 22:32; Tehillim 37:5; Tehillim 52:11 Daniel 9:19; of men Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:21 Daniel 8:12, Daniel 8:24; Daniel 11:28, Daniel 11:30, Daniel 11:32; c. ל person Yechezkel 31:11.

make (670 + times):

c. object concr., ark Breishis 8:6, altar Breishis 13:4, idols Shoftim 18:24, Shoftim 18:31 +, etc.

often of God’s making (creating) Breishis 3:1, Breishis 1:7, Breishis 1:16, Breishis 1:25, Nechemia 9:6 Iyov 9:9 Mishlei 8:26 Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:11 Tehillim 95:5 +; making man Tehillim 100:3; Tehillim 119:73 (made by God’s hands), in the womb Iyov 31:15^(×2); making constituting, nation Devarim 26:19; Devarim 32:6, Devarim 32:15; pt. with suffix עֹשֵׂהוּ his Maker Yeshaya 17:7 Mishlei 14:31; Mishlei 17:5 (הָעֹשׂוֹ Iyov 40:19 is improb., most read הֶעָשָׂוּי, with various interpr. of following words); עֹשֶׂךָ Yeshaya 51:13, עֹשֵׂנִי Iyov 32:22 (Ginsb; v Iyov 32:22 van d. H. Baer), עֹשֵׂנוּ Tehillim 95:6; so appar. pt. plural עֹשָׂ֑י Iyov 35:10, עֹשַׂיִךְ Yeshaya 54:5 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 124 k expl. as singular).

make something, c. לְ reflex., make for thee Shemos 20:4 Devarim 9:12; Devarim 10:1 +, for (ל) another Shmuel Alef 2:19 Shmuel Beis 7:11 Melachim Alef 2:24 +; object מִשְׁתֶּה banquet Breishis 40:20 Esther 5:4, also (no ל) Breishis 29:22 Shoftim 14:10 Esther 5:5, Esther 5:12 and (figuratively, י׳ subj.) Yeshaya 25:6; c. ל rei, Devarim 22:8; c. ל of animal Breishis 33:17.

make a name (שֵׁם) for oneself (ל) Shmuel Beis 7:9 Divrei HaYamim Alef 17:8, also (no ל) Shmuel Beis 8:13; a new heart for oneself (ל) Yechezkel 18:31.

make war with (אֶת) Breishis 14:2 Yehoshua 11:18; c. עִם, Devarim 20:12, Devarim 20:20 Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:10, Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:19; absolute Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:8; c. ל reflex. Mishlei 24:6; pt. עֹשֵׂה מִלְחָמָה Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:1; Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:11, Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:13; make peace, c. ל person Yehoshua 9:15; ע׳ אִתִּי בְרָכָה Melachim Beis 18:31 make an agreement with me.

c. ב, ע׳ פֶּרֶץ בּ׳ Shoftim 21:15 י׳ brought a catastrophe upon (compare פרץ).

c. 2 direct object, make something out of (direct object mater.) Shemos 25:18; Shemos 28:13; Shemos 37:17, Shemos 37:24 Shir HaShirim 3:10 Devarim 10:3 +; make something into something (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 117 ii) Hoshea 8:4 Breishis 27:9 Shoftim 17:4 Bamidbar 11:8; Bamidbar 17:3 Tehillim 104:4; make something כָּלָה, that is utterly destroy it Nachum 1:8 Tzefania 1:18 Yechezkel 20:17 Nechemia 9:31; c. pt. passive as 2nd direct object Shemos 38:7 they made it נְבוּב לֻחֹת hollow with boards, Shemos 39:9; but also with a direct object + לְ, Hoshea 2:10 gold they made into (ל) the Baal, Shoftim 8:27 Shemos 27:3, Devarim 9:14 Yirmiya 37:15 Yechezkel 4:9 Yeshaya 44:17, Yeshaya 44:19; make something for (ל person), + מִן of material Shir HaShirim 3:9.

produce, yield: of grain, yielding meal Hoshea 8:7^(×2), vineyard, grapes Yeshaya 5:2^(×2), Yeshaya 5:4^(×2), Yeshaya 5:10, tree, fruit Melachim Beis 19:30 = Yeshaya 37:31, Hoshea 9:16 Yirmiya 12:2; Yirmiya 17:8 Yechezkel 17:23 (all figuratively), Breishis 1:11, Breishis 1:12; branches Iyov 14:9 and (figuratively) Yechezkel 17:8; land, fruit Vayikra 25:21 compare Chavakuk 3:17, absolute Breishis 41:47; of seed Yeshaya 5:10, vine, shoots Yechezkel 17:6 (figuratively); of cows, yielding milk Yeshaya 7:22; hippop. producing fat Iyov 15:27.

prepare, especially of dressing and cooking food, Breishis 18:7, Breishis 18:8 Shoftim 6:19; Shoftim 13:15 Shmuel Alef 25:18 (passive), Shmuel Beis 12:4^(×2) Breishis 27:14, Breishis 27:17, Breishis 27:31 Shmuel Beis 13:5, Shmuel Beis 13:7 Melachim Alef 17:12 Shemos 12:39 (+ ל reflex.) Yechezkel 35:6; a bullock for sacrifice Melachim Alef 18:23, Melachim Alef 18:25, Melachim Alef 18:26; כְּלֵי גוֹלָה Yechezkel 12:3 (+ ל reflex.); a chamber Nechemia 13:7; prepare to build (+ ל person and inf.).

make offering, for example עוֹלָה Shoftim 13:16 Yirmiya 33:18 Vayikra 16:24, עוֹלָה וָזֶבַח Melachim Beis 5:17 (+ ל dei), הַחַטָּאת Vayikra 14:19, אִשֶּׁה Bamidbar 15:3, Bamidbar 15:14, various offerings Melachim Alef 8:64 Vayikra 9:22 Yechezkel 45:17; Yechezkel 46:2 +; + לי׳ to י׳ Vayikra 17:9 +; also with a direct object of thing sacrificed (perhaps orig. prepare or provide, see above) Yechezkel 43:25^(×2); Yechezkel 46:15 Vayikra 14:30; Vayikra 15:15, Vayikra 15:30; Vayikra 16:9 Bamidbar 6:11, Bamidbar 6:17 Tehillim 66:15 (+ ל dei) +; absolute = offer sacrifice Shemos 10:25 (E + לי׳), to (ל) heathen gods Melachim Beis 17:32.

attend to, put in order: pare (the nails) Devarim 21:12; wash (feet) Shmuel Beis 19:25; trim (beard) v Shmuel Beis 19:25 (compare Fr faire la barbe, Ger. die Haare machen).

observe, celebrate, religious festival, for example pass-over Shemos 12:47, Shemos 12:48; Bamidbar 9:4, Bamidbar 9:8, Bamidbar 9:13; Yehoshua 5:10, also (+ לי׳) Shemos 12:48 Bamidbar 9:10, Bamidbar 9:14 (all P), Devarim 16:1 +; sabbath Shemos 31:16; Devarim 5:15; feast of weeks Devarim 16:10, booths Devarim 16:13, Purim Esther 9:21, Esther 9:27, etc.

acquire property of various kinds (compare ‘make money’) Breishis 12:5; Breishis 31:1; Yeshaya 15:7; Yirmiya 17:11; Yirmiya 48:36; Devarim 8:18; Yechezkel 22:13; Yechezkel 28:4^(×2); Yechezkel 38:12; Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:29; Koheles 2:8; + ל reflex. Devarim 8:17; Shmuel Beis 15:1; Melachim Alef 1:5; of fruits from vineyards, etc. Tehillim 107:37.

appoint priests Melachim Alef 12:31; Melachim Alef 13:33; Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:17 (all + מִן source), a feast Melachim Alef 12:32, Melachim Alef 12:33 (+ ל person); ordain a sacrifice Bamidbar 28:6, a festal day Tehillim 118:24; institute, אוֹב וְיִדְּעֹנִי ghost and familiar spirit Melachim Beis 21:6 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:6 (compare Driver Devarim 18:11).

bring about, of י׳’s effecting a deliverance Shemos 14:13 (לָכֶם), Shmuel Alef 11:13; Shmuel Beis 23:10 (ins. also ‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:13 Driver), v Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:12; cause, followed by cl. c. שֶׁ Koheles 3:14.

use, וְע׳ לִמְלַאכְתּוֹ Shmuel Alef 8:16; passive Shemos 38:24

spend, pass, days of life Koheles 6:12.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נַעֲשָׂה Shoftim 16:11 +; 3rd feminine singular נֶעֶשְׂתָה Shmuel Beis 17:23 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יֵעָשֶׂה Breishis 29:26 +, 3rd feminine singular c. ו subord. וְתֵעָשׂ Esther 5:6; Esther 7:2; Esther 9:12 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 109 f), etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct הֵעָשׂוֹת Esther 9:1, Esther 9:14, etc.; participle (בינוני) נַעֲשֶׂה Nechemia 5:18, etc.;—

be done (passive of Qal I 1):

subj. מְלָאכָה Shoftim 16:11 (c. ב instr.), Nechemia 6:16 (c. מֵאֵת אֱלֹהִים), v Nechemia 6:9 Shemos 12:16 + 4 times; subj. om. Yechezkel 44:14, indef. Esther 4:1; c. כֵּן Esther 9:14; be done, כַּתּוֹרָה Ezra 10:3; be committed, of offence, Devarim 13:15; Bamidbar 15:24; Koheles 4:1 + 3 times; c. neg. not (yet) done, that is future Yeshaya 46:10; be accomplished, performed, fulfilled Yechezkel 12:25, Yechezkel 12:28; Daniel 11:36; Esther 5:5; Esther 7:2; Esther 9:12; be executed, carried out, of sentence Koheles 8:11, decree Esther 9:1; be followed, of counsel Shmuel Beis 17:23; nearly = occur Koheles 1:9^(×2), Koheles 1:13; Koheles 9:3, Koheles 9:6, subj. מַעֲשֶׂה Koheles 1:14; Koheles 2:17; Koheles 4:3; Koheles 8:9, Koheles 9:17, subj. הֶבֶל v Koheles 9:14, עִנְיָן v Koheles 9:15.

future (עתיד) c. neg., is (are) not done, not according to usage, of flagrant offences Breishis 20:9, Breishis 29:26 (c.כֵּן), Breishis 34:7 (both J), Shmuel Beis 13:12 (כֵּן); hence not to be done, forbidden by י׳ Vayikra 4:2, Vayikra 4:13, Vayikra 4:22, Vayikra 4:27; Vayikra 5:17.

be done to, c. ל of animal Shmuel Alef 11:7 (כֹּה); ל person Shemos 2:4 Shemos 21:31 (E; כַּמִּשְׁפָּט), Yeshaya 3:11; Yirmiya 5:13 (כֹּה), Vayikra 24:19 (H; כֵּן), Bamidbar 15:34 + 8 times; be done for, ל person Shoftim 11:37; Esther 6:3, עִם pers v Esther 6:3; ל rei Bamidbar 15:11 (כָּכָה).

be done upon, against (ב) Daniel 9:12.

(passive of Qal II):

be made, of concr. things Melachim Alef 10:20 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:19 (throne), Yirmiya 3:16 (ark), Melachim Beis 12:14; Yechezkel 43:18; Shemos 25:31; Bamidbar 4:26; with a direct object mat. Vayikra 2:7.

be produced from (מִן) vine Bamidbar 6:4.

be prepared, of food Shemos 12:16; Vayikra 6:14; Vayikra 7:9 (all P), Nechemia 5:18^(×2).

be offered, מִנְחָה Vayikra 2:8, Vayikra 2:11, kid Bamidbar 28:15, Bamidbar 28:24.

be observed, passover Melachim Beis 23:22, Melachim Beis 23:23 (ל dei) = Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:18, Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:19; Purim Esther 9:28.

be used + ל rei Vayikra 7:24; Vayikra 13:51, Yechezkel 15:5^(×2); compare Shemos 38:24; Shmuel Alef 8:16.

past (עבר) 1st singular עֻשֵּׂיתִי Tehillim 139:15 I was made.

עֲשָׂהאֵל

proper name (masc.) Ασαηλ, SeptuagintL Ασσαηλ (on this and following cf אֶלְעָשָׂה);—

brother of Joab and Abishai Shmuel Beis 2:18^(×2) + 7 times 2, + Shmuel Beis 3:27, Shmuel Beis 3:30; Shmuel Beis 23:24; Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:16; Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:26; Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:7.

Levites:

Divrei HaYamim Beis 17:8 (Ιασειηλ, Ασιηλ).

Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:13.

post-exil. name Ezra 10:15.

עֲשִׂיאֵל

proper name (masc.) Simeonite Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:35, Ασιηλ.

עֲשָׂיָה

proper name (masc.) Ασαιας, etc.; SeptuagintL in Kgs. Αζαριας;—

servant of Josiah Melachim Beis 22:12, Melachim Beis 22:14 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:20.

Simeonite Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:36.

Levites:

Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:15; Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:6, Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:11.

Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:5.

עָשָׂה²

verb

press, squeeze (Mishnaic Hebrew עִשָּׂה Pi. compel; Targum עַסִּי Pa. crush, gnash (teeth); compare Arabic غَشِىَ compress a woman);—past (עבר) 3rd plural עִשּׂוּ דַּדֵּי בְּתוּלִים Yechezkel 23:3, Yechezkel 23:8 (unchaste act); infinitive (מקור) construct בַּעֲשׂוֹת … דַּדַּיִךְ v Yechezkel 23:21 read Pi. בְּעַשּׂוֹת (Ewald Co Toy, and elsewhere).

עֵשָׂו

proper name (masc.) Esau, Ησαυ;—Esau, elder son of Isaac Breishis 25:25, Breishis 25:26 + 7 times Breishis 25:25, Breishis 26:34; Breishis 27:1 + 24 times 27, 28; Breishis 32:4 + 15 times Breishis 32, Breishis 33, Breishis 35; Yehoshua 24:4^(×2) Malachi 1:2, Malachi 1:3; Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:34; identif. with אֱדוֹם Breishis 36:1, Breishis 36:8, Breishis 36:19, ancestor of Edomites v Breishis 36:9, Breishis 36:43, compare Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:35; dwelling in Mt. Seir Breishis 36:8 (25 times in all, Breishis 36) Devarim 2:5; Yehoshua 24:4; בְּנֵי עֵשָׂו = Edomites Devarim 2:4, Devarim 2:8, Devarim 2:12, Devarim 2:22, Devarim 2:29; עֵשָׂו = Edom Yirmiya 49:8; Ovadia 1:6, בֵּית עֵשָׂו v Ovadia 1:18^(×2), הַר עֵשָׂו v Ovadia 1:8, Ovadia 1:9, Ovadia 1:19, Ovadia 1:21.

עֵ֫שֶׂק

proper namefont. in SW. Pal. Breishis 26:20 (expl. as contention);—locality unknown, Septuagint Ἀδικία.

עֶשֶׂר

noun (masc.) and f. ten (Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; perhaps Mesha Inscription ³³ עשרֿ; Phoenician עשר, עסר, עשרת, etc.; Arabic عَشْرٌ, عَشَرَةٌ; Sabean עשר SabDenkm^{Noldeke. 11 b, l, 5, 6}, עשרת and cpds. Hom^{Chrest. 48}; Ethiopic ዐሥሩ: ዐሠርቱ; Assyrian ešru; Targum עֲסַר, עַסְרָא; עֲשַׂר, עַשְׂרָא; Syriac ܥܣܰܪ, ܥܶܣܪܳܐ; Nabataean עשר, all = ten; Palmyrene עשרתא the Ten (rulers));—m. (c. noun (fem.)) עֶ֫שֶׂר Shmuel Beis 15:16 + 53 times (absolute and construct usually indistinguishable); עָ֑שֶׂר Melachim Alef 7:43; Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:46; f. (c. noun (masc.)): absolute עֲשָׂרָה Breishis 24:10 + 69 times; construct (probably) עֲשֶׂ֫רֶת Shmuel Alef 17:18 + 46 times; f.plural עֲשָׂרֹת Shemos 18:21 + 2 times;—on plural עֶשְׂרִים, 20, see below;—

a ten, only f.plural tens in phr. שָׂרֵי ע׳ captains of tens Shemos 18:21, Shemos 18:25, Devarim 1:15.

ten, enumerating person or things, usually without other num.:

עֶ֫שֶׂר bef. noun (fem.)plural, Breishis 45:23 + 43 times; after n. †Melachim Alef 7:27, Melachim Alef 7:43 + late passages Yehoshua 15:57; Yehoshua 21:5, Yehoshua 21:26 (all P), Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:46; Divrei HaYamim Beis 4:7; bef. בָּאַמָּה = ten cubits †Melachim Alef 6:3, Melachim Alef 6:25, Melachim Alef 6:26; Melachim Alef 7:23, Melachim Alef 7:24.

עֲשָׂרָה bef. noun (masc.)plural, Breishis 45:23 + 25 times (incl. ע׳ אֲלָפִים = 10,000 Shmuel Beis 18:3; Melachim Beis 24:14 Kesiv, עֲשֶׂרֶת Keri); bef. n. coll. בָּקָר Melachim Alef 5:3, רֶכֶב Melachim Beis 13:7; also ע׳ לֶתֶם הַזֶּה Shmuel Alef 17:17 these ten loaves, compare Melachim Alef 14:3; ע׳ אֶלֶף Yechezkel 45:1 read עֶשְׂרִים א׳ Septuagint Hitzig Co Berthol Toy; after noun (masc.)plural †Breishis 32:16^(×2); Breishis 43:3 (all E), Yehoshua 17:5, Bamidbar 29:23, Melachim Alef 7:43; Divrei HaYamim Beis 4:6, Divrei HaYamim Beis 4:8; Daniel 1:12, Daniel 1:14, Daniel 1:15 †; after n. coll. צֹאן Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:24; n. om., sc. men, †Breishis 18:32 Amos 5:3; Ezra 8:4; sc. shekels (weight) Breishis 24:22 Bamidbar 7:14 + 13 times Bamidbar 7 (ע׳ זָהָב); ע׳ כֶסֶף (sc. shekels, value) Shmuel Beis 18:11; sc. measures (of grain) Chaggai 2:16; c. art. the ten Breishis 18:32 (J; sc. men), Nechemia 11:1 (the same = every ten); as pred. Shemos 27:12^(×2) = Shemos 38:12^(×2) (all P)†.

עֲשֶׂ֫רֶת bef. noun (masc.)plural Shemos 34:28 + 18 times, + כַּעֲשֶׂרֶת הַיָּמִים Shmuel Alef 25:38 (on art. compare Weir in Driver, but doubtful; probably om., so Septuagint Wellhausen Budde), + ע׳ אֲלָפִים = 10,000 Shoftim 1:4 + 26 times; n. om. ע׳ כֶּסֶף (sc. shekels) Shoftim 17:10.

rarely + other num.:

עֶשֶׂר after larger num., מֵאָה וָע׳ שָׁנִים Breishis 50:22, Breishis 50:26; Yehoshua 24:29 (all E), Shoftim 2:8.

ע׳ before larger num. עֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים וּתְשַׁע מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה Breishis 5:14.

עֲשָׂרָה after larger num., מֵאָה וַעֲשָׂרָה הַזְּכָרִים Ezra 8:12, compare (n. preceding) Ezra 1:10.

עֲשָׂרָה after smaller num., שִׁבְעָה שְׁקָלִים וַעֲשָׂרָה הַכָּ֑סֶף Yirmiya 32:9 = seventeen shekels; before smaller num. + n. singular עֲשָׂרָה וַחֲמִשָּׁה שֶׁקֶל Yechezkel 45:12, but read חֲמִשִּׁים, joining עֲשָׂרָה to preceding, Septuagint (Alexandrinus) Hitzig Co and elsewhere

עָשָׂר

n. ten, only after units to make num. 11–19, both cardinal and ordinal; עֶשְׂרֵה c. noun (fem.), עָשָׂר c. noun (masc.), thus:

eleven:

אַחַד עָשָׂר (c. noun (masc.)) Breishis 32:23 + 2 times.

אַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה (c. noun (fem.)) Melachim Beis 23:36 + 7 times; also = eleventh Melachim Alef 6:38 Melachim Beis 9:29.

עַשְׁתֵּי עָשָׂר (c. noun (masc.)) Bamidbar 29:20; ord. Devarim 1:3 + 7 times.

עַשְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרֵה (c. noun (fem.)) Shemos 26:7 + 4 times; ord. Yirmiya 1:3 + 4 times.

twelve:

שְׁנֵי(ם) עָשָׂר (c. noun (masc.)) Breishis 35:22 + 80 times; ord. Melachim Alef 19:19 + 12 times

שְׁתֵּי(ם) עֶשְׂרֵה (c. noun (fem.)) Shemos 24:4 + 31 times; ord. Melachim Beis 8:25 + 6 times.

thirteen:

שְׁלשָׁה עָשָׂר (c. noun (masc.)) Bamidbar 29:14 + 2 times; ord. Esther 3:12 + 7 times.

שְׁלשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה (c. noun (fem.)) Melachim Alef 7:1 + 9 times; ord. Breishis 14:4 + 2 times.

fourteen:

אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר Breishis 46:22 + 13 times; ord. Shemos 12:6 + 17 times.

אַרְבַּע עֶשְׂרֵה Breishis 31:41 + 5 times; ord. Melachim Beis 18:13 + 3 times.

fifteen:

חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר Hoshea 3:2 + 3 times; ord. Shemos 16:1 + 14 times.

חֲמֵשֶׁת עָשָׂר Shoftim 8:10; Shmuel Beis 19:18.

חֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה Melachim Beis 14:17 + 9 times; ord. †Melachim Beis 14:23; Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:10.—Vid. also עֶשֶׂר 3 d.

sixteen:

שִׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר Shemos 26:25 + 6 times; ord. Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:14 + 2 times.

שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה Breishis 46:18 + 13 times.

seventeen:

שִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:11 + 2 times; ord. Breishis 7:11 + 3 times.

שְׁבַע עֶשְׂרֵה Breishis 37:2 + 4 times; ord. Melachim Alef 22:52; Melachim Beis 16:1.—Vid. also עֶשֶׂר 3 d.

eighteen:

עָשָׂר (שְׁמֹנַת) שְׁמֹנָה Breishis 14:4 + 10 times; ord. †Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:15; Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:25.

שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה Shoftim 3:14 + 6 times; ord. Melachim Alef 15:1 + 8 times.

nineteen:

תִּשְׁעָה עָשָׂר Shmuel Beis 2:30; ord. Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:16; Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:26.

תְּשַׁע עֶשְׂרֵה Breishis 11:25; Yehoshua 19:38; ord. Melachim Beis 25:8 = Yirmiya 52:12. These num. usually take singular of the nouns most often used, שָׁנָה, יוֹם, חֹדֶשׁ, compare (sometimes) אִישׁ, אַמָּה, etc.; otherwise plural; rarely (late usage) they follow noun, which is then usually plural, for example Bamidbar 29:30; Yehoshua 15:51, Ezra 8:35^(×2;) Esther 3:13; Esther 8:5, etc. (even שָׁנִים שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה Nechemia 5:14), but שָׁנָה precedes ordinal Melachim Alef 6:38, שְׁנַת Melachim Alef 15:1 + 8 times, so יוֹם (c. ord.) Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:17 + 5 times Esther 9; also יוֹם and שָׁנָה (שְׁנַת) both precede and following ordinal Bamidbar 7:72, Bamidbar 7:78; Melachim Beis 8:25; Melachim Beis 9:29; Melachim Beis 14:23; Melachim Beis 16:1; Yirmiya 32:1; Melachim Beis 25:8 = Yirmiya 52:12.—Vid. also Konig^{ii. 1, 211 ff.} Davidson^{Synt. § 37 a, also R. 1, 2} Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) §§ 92 d, e, 134, and especially Herner^{Synt. d. Zahlwörter im AT (1893)}; on form in ה—ֵ (prob for י—ַ), Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 110 Konig^{ii. 1, 427} W^{SG 138}.

עָשַׂר

verb denom. take the tenth of, tithe;—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַעְשֹׂר Shmuel Alef 8:15, Shmuel Alef 8:17 (with a direct object of thing tithed).

future (עתיד) + infinitive (מקור) absolute give a tenth of, with a direct object rei: 2nd masculine singular עַשֵּׂר תְּעַשֵּׂר Devarim 14:22; 1st singular עַשֵּׂר אֲעַשְּׂרֶנּוּ לָ֑ךְ Breishis 28:22; participle (בינוני) taking the tenth, הַמְעַשְּׂרִים Nechemia 10:38.

(so usually expl.) infinitive (מקור) לַעְשֵׂר Devarim 26:12 with a direct object cogn. that is taking, reckoning, tithe, but infinitive (מקור) construct with—ֵ improb., < read לְעַשֵּׂר Pi.; בַּעְשֵׂר Nechemia 10:39 absolute, that is receiving tithes, but read probably בַּעְשֹׂר Qal (on anom. points, see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 53 k Driver Devarim 26:12).

עָשׂוֹר

and (Shemos 12:3) עָשֹׂר n.[m.] a ten, decade;—

usually of days:

a period of ten days Breishis 24:55.

in phr., לַחֹדֶשׁ (עָשׂר) בֶּעָשׂוֹר on the tenth day of the month Vayikra 25:9, Yechezkel 20:1; Yechezkel 24:1; Yechezkel 40:1; Shemos 12:3; Vayikra 16:29; Vayikra 23:27; Bamidbar 29:7; Yehoshua 4:19 (all P), Melachim Beis 25:1 = Yirmiya 52:4, Yirmiya 52:12 (seventh day in ‖ Melachim Beis 25:8).

of strings of instr.: נֵבֶל ע׳ harp, a ten (-stringed one) Tehillim 33:2; Tehillim 144:9; ע׳ alone Tehillim 92:4 upon a ten (-stringed instrument).

עֶשְׂרִים

n.pluralindecl. (a) twenty (ancient plural of עֶשֶׂר Prä^{BAS i. 376}; Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Arabic عِشْرُونَ; Assyrian ešrâ; Sabean עשרי Hom^{Chrest. 48}; Ethiopic ዕሥራ: Aramaic עשרין, ܥܶܣܪܝܺܢ; Nabataean עשרין);—

as cardinal:

without other num.:

usually followed by n.s. (especially שָׁנָה, אִישׁ, אַמָּה, etc.) Breishis 31:38 Shmuel Alef 14:14 Shemos 38:18 + 64 times, + עֶשְׂרִים אֶלֶף 20,000 Divrei HaYamim Alef 18:4 + 7 times + Yechezkel 45:1 (reading עֶשְׂרִים אָ֑לֶף, see עֶשֶׂר 2 b).

followed by n.plural Shmuel Beis 3:20; Shemos 36:23, Shemos 36:24, Shemos 36:25 + 4 times.

followed by n.s. coll. Melachim Alef 5:3.

n.plural precedes Breishis 32:15^(×2), Breishis 32:16; Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:3 + 6 times

n. om. Breishis 18:31^(×2) (הָע׳), Melachim Alef 6:2 + 6 times, as pred. Shemos 27:10^(×2), Shemos 27:11^(×2) + 4 times.

+ בָּאַמָּה Zecharia 5:2.

+ other num.:

c. units, usually 20 + (c. וְ) unit + n.s. Shoftim 10:2, Shoftim 10:3 Melachim Alef 14:20 + 58 times (incl. 20 + 1 × 1000, etc., 27 times); n. om. Yehoshua 15:32 + 2 times pred.; less often unit + 20 + n.s. Breishis 11:24 Shemos 38:24 Bamidbar 8:24 (all P) + 27 times; unit + 20 + בָּאַמָּה Yechezkel 40:21 Shemos 26:2; Shemos 36:9 (both P).

20 + unit + n.plural Bamidbar 7:8^(×2), Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:22 + 3 times Chr.

n.plural + 20 + unit Yehoshua 19:30 Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:29 (van d. H. v Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:28).

c. hundreds, 20 usually following; followed by n.s. Melachim Alef 9:14 Breishis 6:3 Devarim 31:2 + 7 times; n. om. Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:4 Ezra 2:32 = Nechemia 7:34; Nechemia 7:20 + 100 (n. om.) Bamidbar 7:86.

n.plural + 100 + 20 Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:5, Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:6;—compare further מֵאָה.

as ordinal:

20 alone, בִּשְׁנַת ע׳ in the twentieth year Melachim Alef 15:9 + 4 times; n. om. Bamidbar 10:11 + 3 times.

20 + unit + ns. Yechezkel 29:17; Yechezkel 40:1.

ns. + 20 + unit Chaggai 1:15; Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:10 +; ns. + unit + 20 Shemos 12:8; בִּשְׁנַת + 20 + unit Melachim Alef 16:10, etc.—Vid. reff. under עֶשֶׂר.

עֲשִׂירִי

m., עֲשִׂירִיָּה, and עֲשִׂירִית₈ f. adjective num. ord. tenth;—

דּוֹר עֲשִׂירִי Devarim 23:3, Devarim 23:4; בַּיּוֹם הָע׳ Bamidbar 7:66; הַחֹדֶשׁ הָע׳ Breishis 8:5 Yechezkel 24:1 + 5 times; בַּחֹדֶשׁ הָעֲשִׂרִי Yirmiya 39:1; ח׳ om. הָעֲשִׂירִי Breishis 8:5, בָּעֲשִׂרִי Yechezkel 29:1; Yechezkel 33:21; other nouns om. הָעֲשִׂירִי Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:13; Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:17; Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:13, הָעֲשִׂרִי Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:11; בַּשָּׁנָה הָעֲשִׂרִית Yechezkel 29:1, בַּשּׁ׳ הָעֲשִׂרִית Yirmiya 32:1.

as noun a tenth part: f. absolute עֲשִׂרִיָּה Yeshaya 6:13; f. construct עֲשִׂירִית הָאֵיפָה Bamidbar 28:5, עֲשִׂרִית Shemos 16:36, עֲשִׂירִת Vayikra 5:11; Vayikra 6:13; Bamidbar 5:15; עֲשִׂירִת הַחֹמֶר Yechezkel 45:11; m. absolute הָעֲשִׂירִי Vayikra 27:32 the tithe (that is of cattle, etc.).

עָשׁ

Iyov 9:9 probably error for עישׁ, see עַיִשׁ.

עָשׁ²

see עשׁשׁ.

עָשָׁן

noun (masc.) Shemos 19:18 smoke;—absolute ע׳ Shoftim 20:38 +, construct עֲשַׁן Yehoshua 8:20, Yehoshua 8:21; עֶ֫שֶׁן Shemos 19:18; with suffix עֲשָׁנוֹ Shemos 19:18, עֲשָׁנָהּ Yeshaya 34:10;—

of burning city Yehoshua 8:20, Yehoshua 8:21; Shoftim 20:38, Shoftim 20:40, compare Nachum 2:14; heralding a foe Yeshaya 14:31.

in figuratively of destruction of Isr. Yeshaya 9:17, Edom Yeshaya 34:10.

simile of dust-cloud Shir HaShirim 3:6; of transitoriness Hoshea 13:3 Yeshaya 51:6 Tehillim 37:20 (reading בֶּע׳, as Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate), Tehillim 68:3; Tehillim 102:4; simile of the unpleasant, Mishlei 10:26.

breath of crocodile Iyov 41:12.

attending theoph., תַּנּוּר ע׳ Breishis 15:17; of mt. Shemos 19:18, compare simile כְּע׳ הַכִּבְשָׁן v Shemos 19:18; Yeshaya 6:4, also Yeshaya 4:5 Yoel 3:3.

of God’s anger, ע׳ בְּאַפּוֹ Shmuel Beis 22:9 = Tehillim 18:9; so probably also Yeshaya 65:5.

עָשַׁן

verb denom. smoke, be wroth;—

smoke, past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular ע׳ of mt. Shemos 19:18, so future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יֶעֱשָׁ֑נוּ (at touch of י׳) Tehillim 104:32; Tehillim 144:5.

figuratively, 3rd masculine singular יֶעְשַׁן אַף־י׳, c. ב against, Devarim 29:19 Tehillim 74:1. Hence

subj. person, fume, that is be wroth, past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular עָשַׁנְתָּ בּ׳ Tehillim 80:5.

עָשֵׁן

adjective smoking;—ע׳ of mt. Shemos 20:15 (Gi v Shemos 20:13); plural הָאוּדִים הָעֲשֵׁנִים Yeshaya 7:4 the smoking firebrands (dying out; in figuratively).

עָשָׁן²

proper name (place) in Shephelah of Judah Yehoshua 15:42, in Simeon according to Yehoshua 19:7; Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:32, Levit. city Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:44; Ασαν, etc.; = בּוֹר עָשָׁן, q.see p. 92 above

עָשַׁק

verb oppress, wrong, extort (Targum עֲשַׁק = Biblical Hebrew, so Old Aramaic עשק; Syriac ܥܫܰܩ accuse, slander; Assyrian adjective ešḳu, strong; Arabic عَسَقٌ roughness, injustice);—

past (עבר) ע׳ Vayikra 5:21; Yechezkel 18:18; 2nd masculine singular with suffix עֲשַׁקְתָּ֫נוּ Shmuel Alef 12:4, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix יַעַשְׁקֻנִי Tehillim 119:122; 2nd masculine singular תַּעֲשֹׁק Vayikra 19:13 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct עֲשֹׁק Hoshea 12:8, with suffix עָשְׁקָם Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:21 Tehillim 105:14; participle (בינוני) active עֹשֵׁק Mishlei 14:31 +, fpl. הָעשְׁקוֹת Amos 4:1, etc.; passive עָשׁוּק Devarim 28:29 +, etc.;—

oppress, wrong (often by extortion, ‖ גָּזַל), with a direct object person Shmuel Alef 12:3, Shmuel Alef 12:4 Micha 2:2 Vayikra 5:21; Vayikra 19:13; especially the poor and helpless Amos 4:1 Devarim 24:14 Yirmiya 7:6 Yechezkel 22:29 Zecharia 7:10 Mishlei 14:31; Mishlei 22:16; Mishlei 28:3 Koheles 4:1; also with a direct object cogn. ע׳ עשֶׁק (וְ)גָזַל גָּזֵל Yechezkel 18:18 practise extortion, Yechezkel 22:29, take by extortion Vayikra 5:23 and (with a direct object rei) Malachi 3:5; absolute Hoshea 12:8 practise extortion; Iyov 10:3 deal tyrannically (of God); pt. oppressor, extortioner Yirmiya 21:12 Tehillim 72:4 Koheles 4:1; pt. passive as noun the oppressed Tehillim 103:6; Tehillim 146:7.

oppress a nation Yeshaya 52:4, compare Tehillim 105:14 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:21, Tehillim 119:122, pt. active oppressor v Tehillim 119:121, pt. passive oppressed Yirmiya 50:33, in predict. ע׳ וְגָזוּל Devarim 28:29, ע׳ וְרָצוּץ v Devarim 28:33 Hoshea 5:11.

doubtful are: יַעְשֹׁק נָהָר Iyov 40:23 a river oppresses him, that is rushes violently upon him (sc.; the hippopot.; Duhm יָשֹׁק, from שׁוּק; > Gunk Budde יִשְׁקַע fails, sinks); עָשֻׁק בְּדַם נֶפֶשׁ Mishlei 28:17 oppressed (? burdened) with the blood of a person.

participle (בינוני) f. הַמְּעֻשָּׁקָה Yeshaya 23:12 crushed (of conquered Sidon under figuratively of woman).

עֹ֫שֶׁק

noun (masc.) Koheles 7:7 oppression, extortion;—ע׳ absolute Yirmiya 6:6 +, construct Tehillim 119:134 Koheles 5:7;—

Yirmiya 6:6; Yirmiya 22:17; Yechezkel 22:7, Yechezkel 22:12 Tehillim 73:8; c. genit. subj. Tehillim 119:134, object Koheles 5:7; as direct object cogn. c. עָשַׁק (q.see) Yechezkel 18:18; Yechezkel 22:29.

national oppression, Yeshaya 54:14.

concr., gain of extortion Tehillim 62:11, so perhaps Koheles 7:7; as direct object cogn. Vayikra 5:23 (‖ גָּזֵל).—Yeshaya 30:12; Yeshaya 59:13 read עִקֵּשׁ Lagarde Gratz and elsewhere

עֵ֫שֶׁק

proper name (masc.) Benjamite Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:39, Ασηλ, Ασεκ.

עָשְׁקָה

noun (fem.) oppression, distress;—עָֽשְׁקָה־לִי Yeshaya 38:14 (compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) §§ 9 v, 48 i) oppression to me! = I am oppressed, distressed.

עָשׁוֹק

n.[m.] oppressor, extortioner;—Yirmiya 22:3 (= עֹשֵׁק Yirmiya 21:12).

עֲשׁוּקִים

n.pluralabstr. oppression, extortion;—ע׳ Amos 3:9; Iyov 35:9, עֲשֻׁקִים Koheles 4:1.

עֹ֫שֶׁר

noun (masc.) Shmuel Alef 18:17, Shmuel Alef 18:25 riches;—ע׳ absolute Breishis 31:16 + 27 times, construct Esther 1:4; with suffix עָשְׁרוֹ Yirmiya 9:22 + 5 times, עָשְׁרָם Tehillim 49:7 Mishlei 14:24; + (or ‖) כָּבוֹד Melachim Alef 3:13 Mishlei 3:16 + 9 times; עָשָׂה ע׳ Yirmiya 17:11, compare Eng. ‘make money.’

עָשִׁיר

adjective et n. rich;—absolute ע׳ Shemos 30:15 + 19 times; plural absolute עֲשִׁירִים Koheles 10:6; construct עֲשִׁירֵי Tehillim 45:13; with suffix עֲשִׁירֶיהָ Micha 6:12;—adjectivem. Shmuel Beis 12:1, Shmuel Beis 12:4 (opposite רָאשׁ), Rus 3:10 (opposite דַּל); usually noun (masc.) the rich, opposite דִּל Mishlei 10:15 + 3 times; opposite רָשׁ Shmuel Beis 12:2; Mishlei 14:20 + 4 times; opposite אֶבְיוֹן Tehillim 49:3; alone Yirmiya 9:22 Micha 6:12 + 5 times, + עֲשִׁירֵי עָם Tehillim 45:13; ע׳ Yeshaya 53:9 is probably crpt., compare ‖ רְשָׁעִים; Böttcher Ry Dillmann-Kittel עֹשֵׂי רַע; Krochm Gratz Cheyne^Haupt conjunction רְשָׁעִים for ע׳, and פֹּשְׁעִים for ר׳.

עָשׁ³

noun (masc.)^{Yeshaya 50:9} moth (as waster, consumer);—ע׳ absolute, Hoshea 5:12 (‖ רָקָב), Yeshaya 50:9; Yeshaya 51:8; in simile Tehillim 39:12; כְּבֶגֶד אֲכָלוֹ עָשׁ Iyov 13:28; symbol of fragility Iyov 4:19.—Iyov 27:18 read probably עַכָּבִישׁ q.see

עֶ֫שֶׁת

n.[m.] plate (as smooth, shiny? Mishnaic Hebrew the same, lump or bar of metal);—construct ע׳ שֵׁן Shir HaShirim 5:14 a plate of ivory (Löw in Buhl ^Lex Budde).

עָשׁוֹת

adjective smooth?—only בַּרְזֶל ע׳ Yechezkel 27:19 as merchandise of Tyre; Co עָשׁוּת, that is pt. passive, from √ עשׁת forge, or work skilfully; Toy iron skilfully wrought; all dubious.

עַשְׁתֵּי

n.num. one (Assyrian išten, one; išten ešrit, eleven; Delitzsch's Assyrian Grammar § 75, TelAm. [iš-]tit, first time; see Giesebrecht^{journal ZAW i (1881), 226} Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 97 e Konig^{ii. 1, 212} and reff.);—only + עָשָׂר, עֶשְׂרֵה (q.see) = eleven, eleventh, Yirmiya 1:3; Yirmiya 39:2 = Yirmiya 52:5 = Melachim Beis 25:2, Yechezkel 26:1; Yechezkel 40:9; Zecharia 1:7; Shemos 26:7, Shemos 26:8; Shemos 36:14, Shemos 36:15; Bamidbar 7:72; Bamidbar 29:20 (all P), Devarim 1:3; Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:13; Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:12; Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:18; Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:14.

עַשְׁתֹּ֫רֶת

proper namedeae. ʿAštōreth, < ʿAštart, ʿAštéreth (see below) (Mesha Inscription¹⁷ עשתר כמש; Phoenician עשתרת (+ often in n. pr.), n. pr. עבד עשתר Cook^{Acad. Jan. 18, 1896} Sabean n. pr. dei עתֿתר see especially Os^{ZMG xx (1866), 279 f.} D.H. Müller ^{ib. xxxvii (1883), 376} Fell^{Sabean Götternamen, ZMG liv (1900), 231 ff., especially 237 ff.}; Assyrian Ištar; Old Aramaic Palmyrene עתר (= עתֿתר) in n. pr.; in Egyptian ʿastirati WMM^{As. u. Eur. 313}; Gk. Ἀστάρτη; on other Gk. equivalents (for example Ἀφροδίτη) compare Lewy^{Fremdw. 148, 186 f. 250});——ֶֹ probably artificial, to suggest בֹּשֶׁת, orig. -תַּרְתְּ, -תֶּרֶת, compare Ištar, Ασταρτη, etc.; ע׳ Melachim Alef 11:5 + 2 times; plural -תָּרוֹת Shoftim 2:13 + 3 times + -רֹת Shmuel Alef 7:4; Shmuel Alef 31:10 read probably singular (Driver and elsewhere);—ʿAštart, ʿAštereth (Ασταρτη, plural Ασταρται, but Shoftim 10:6; Shmuel Alef 7:4 Ασταρωθ), ancient Sem. goddess (with male counterpart in Moab., Sabean and appar. Phoenician); Phoenician diety, עשׁתרת אֱלֹהֵי צִדֹנִים Melachim Alef 11:5, Melachim Alef 11:33, ע׳ שִׁקֻּץ צ׳ Melachim Beis 23:13; so probably בֵּית ע׳ Shmuel Alef 31:10 (reading singular; see especially Driver); elsewhere plural, of various local goddesses, called עַשְׁתָּרוֹת (compare Assyrian ilâni u ištarat = gods and Ištars (that is goddesses), usually + בעל(ים), as Canaanitish deities Shoftim 2:13; Shoftim 10:6; Shmuel Alef 7:4; Shmuel Alef 12:10; ‖ אֱלֹהֵי הַנֵּכָר Shmuel Alef 7:3.—Vid. especially Driver ^Ashtoreth in Hast^DB; on Ištar Jastr^{Rel. Babylonian passive especially 202 f.}; on ʿAthtar Baethgen^{Rel. 117 f.}; on Phoenician ʿAštart Pietschm^{Gesch. Phön. 184 f.}; on ʿAshtoreth Barton^{JBL x (1891), 73 ff.} G.F. Moore^{Ency. Bib.}

עַשְׁתָּרוֹת

see foregoing.

עַשְׁתָּרוֹת²

n.pluralf. only construct in phr. עַשְׁתְּר(וֹ)ת צֹאנֶ֑ךָ ^{Dt 7:13}; Devarim 28:4, Devarim 28:18, Devarim 28:51 (all ‖ שְׁגַר אֲלָפֶיךָ) usually interpr. either as

= ewes (Gesenius' Thesaurus) or as

= young (compare veneres gregis; in either case with ref. to ʿAštart as goddess of fecundity; Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 292, 457 f., 2nd ed. 310, 476 f.}, adopting b, thinks one type of ʿAšt. in Canaan had form of sheep, so Driver Devarim 7:13); compare also عَثَّرِى as name of land fertilized by dew and rain Wellhausen^{Skizzen iii. 170}.

עַשְׁתָּרוֹת³

proper name (place) Ασταρωθ, etc., E. of Jordan (name from worship of diff. forms of ʿAštart; in Egyptian ʿastiratu, as E. Jordan location WMM^{As. u. Eur. 162, 313}; compare TelAm. n. pr. location Aštarti);—in Bashan (near Edrei) Devarim 1:4 (-רֹת), Yehoshua 12:4; Yehoshua 13:12, Yehoshua 13:31 (all + אֶדְרֶ֑עִי), Yehoshua 9:10; Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:56 = בְּעֶשְׁתְּרָה (that is בֵּית עַשְׁתָּרָה) Yehoshua 21:27; also עַשְׁתְּרֹת קַרְנַיִם Breishis 14:5 (Septuagint Ασταρωθ Καρναιν, compare G.F. Moore^{JBL xvi (1897), 155 f.} who expl. name as ʿAshtereth of the two-peaked mt.); compare further, קַרְנַיִם Amos 6:13;—site probably either Tel ʿAštara, 21 miles E. of Sea of Galilee, or Muzeirib, 8 miles further S.; poss. both occur in OT; compare especially Driver ^Ashtaroth in Hast^DB Dillmann ^{Gn 14:5} Buhl^{Geogr. 248 ff.} G.A. Smith^{Ency. Bib. 335 f.}

עֵת²

עָתִיד

[עָתוּד] adjective ready, prepared;—

absolute עָתִיד לַכִּידוֹר Iyov 15:24 a king ready for the onset; plural עֲתִדִים לַיּוֹם Esther 3:14 ready for the day, so Esther 8:13 Keri (Kesiv עתודים).

ready = skilled הָעֲתִידִים עֹרֵר Iyov 3:8 those skilled in rousing Leviathan.

prepared = impending (compare Mishnaic Hebrew = future), fpl. וְחָשׁ עֲתִדֹת Devarim 32:35 the impending things are hastening (‖ קָרוֹב יוֹם אֵידָם).

prepared = stored up, ועתידתיהם Yeshaya 10:13 Kesiv (Keri וַעֲתוּדֹתֵיהֶם, to differentiate it from above) and their stores have I plundered.

עַתָּה

see עֵת under I. ענה.

עֲתָיָה

proper name (masc.) Nechemia 11:4, Αθεα, SeptuagintL Αθαρασθας (very doubtful); = עוּתַי Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:4.

עֲתַלְיָ֫ה(וּ)

proper namef. et m. (? י׳ is exalted);—

f. Athaliah, daughter of Ahab and Jezebel, mother of Ahaziah king of Judah, Γοθολια: -יָתוּ Melachim Beis 8:26; Melachim Beis 11:2, Melachim Beis 11:20 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 22:2, Divrei HaYamim Beis 22:10, Divrei HaYamim Beis 22:11; Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:12, Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:13, Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:21; Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:7; -יָה Melachim Beis 11:1, Melachim Beis 11:3, Melachim Beis 11:13, Melachim Beis 11:14; Divrei HaYamim Beis 22:12.

m.

Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:26 Ογοθολια.

Ezra 8:7 Αθελει, A Αθλια; SeptuagintL Γοθονίου (genit.).

עַתְלָ֑י one with foreign wife Ezra 10:28, Θαλι, A Οθαλι.

עָתְנִי

proper name (masc.) Levite Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:7, Γοονει, (Γ)οθνι.

עָתְנִיאֵל

proper name (masc.) son of Ḳenaz, a hero in Isr., Γοθονιηλ, Yehoshua 15:17 Shoftim 1:13; Shoftim 3:9, Shoftim 3:11; Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:13^(×2); name of family Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:15.

עָתֵק

verb move, proceed, advance (Mishnaic Hebrew Hiph.; Assyrian etêḳu as H., also trans. bring, move; Arabic عَتَقَ, عَتُقَ precede, pass forth, become free, grow old; Aramaic ܥܬܶܩ, עֲתַק grow old, Palmyrene adjective עתק old);—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular עָֽתְקָה Tehillim 6:8, 3rd plural עָֽתְקוּ Iyov 21:7; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יֶעְתַּק Iyov 14:18; Iyov 18:4;—

move וְצוּר יֶע׳ מִמְּקֹמוֹ Iyov 14:18, so Iyov 18:4.

advance (in years; Aramaic sense) Iyov 21:7 (‖ יִחְיוּ); hence = grow old and weak Tehillim 6:8 (of eye, ‖ עָֽשְׁשָׁה).

past (עבר) 3rd plural הֶעְתִּיקוּ Iyov 32:16 (Gi; van d. H. Baer v Iyov 32:15), Mishlei 25:1; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיַּעְתֵּק Breishis 12:8; Breishis 26:22; participle (בינוני) מַעְתִּיק Iyov 9:5;—

move forward (sc. tent) = proceed Breishis 12:8 (מִשָּׁם, ה location), Breishis 26:22 (מִשָּׁם); so figuratively Iyov 32:15 (see above) words have moved away from them (מֵהֶם), but see probably gloss (Budde and elsewhere).

Iyov 9:5 he who removeth mountains.

very late Mishlei 25:1 transcribe (remove from one book or roll to another; Septuagint ἐξεγράψαντο, Vulgate transtulerunt; so in mediaeval Hebrew: Zunz^{ZMG xxv (1871), 447 f. = Gesenius Schrader. iii. 66 f.}).

עָתָק

adjective forward, arrogant (of speech) (Gesenius' Thesaurus free (see Arabic), unrestrained);—Shmuel Alef 2:3 Tehillim 31:19; Tehillim 94:4; so also Tehillim 75:6 (compare צַוָּאר).

עָתֵק²

adjective Gesenius' Thesaurus (ancient and so) valuable; < advanced, eminent, surpassing (compare عتيق preceding, hence surpassing, choice Lane ¹⁹⁴⁷);—הוֹן ע׳ Mishlei 8:18 eminent wealth.

עָתִיק

adjective eminent, surpassing, choice (see עָתֵק);—מְכַסֶּה ע׳ Yeshaya 23:18 choice attire.

עַתִּיק

adjective removed, old;—

removed, עַתִּיקֵי מִשָּׁדָ֑יִם Yeshaya 28:9 that is weaned (‖ גְּמוּלֵי מֵחָלָב; on construct see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 130 a).

old, ancient (Aramaism: עַתִּיק, ܥܰܬܻܝܩ old), הַדְּבָרִים עַתִּיקִים Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:22.

עֲתֶ֫רֶת

noun (fem.) abundance (Aramaism, si vera l.);—construct Yirmiya 33:6 I will reveal to them abundance of peace, etc. (corrupt according to Giesebrecht Buhl^Lex; old versions. render variously).