נ

נְבִיא (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) prophet (Hebraism? also Targum Syriac; see Biblical Hebrew);—emph. נְבִיאָה Kt, נְבִיָּא Ezra 5:1; Ezra 6:14; plural emph. נְבִיאַיָּא Ezra 5:1, Ezra 5:2.*

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נָבָא (Aramaic)

Hithpa. past (עבר) 3rd masculines. הִתְנַבִּי prophesied Ezra 5:1.

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נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר (Aramaic)

n.pr.m. (= Biblical Hebrew -רֶאצַּר, etc.);—Daniel 2:28 + 23 times Dn, Ezra 5:12, Ezra 5:14; Ezra 6:5; נְבֻכ׳ Daniel 3:3 + 3 times Dn.

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נְגַד (Aramaic)

verb stream, flow (Targum נְגַד, Syriac ܢܓܰܕ draw along, lead, Targum also intrans. move along Isaiah 30:24, flow Deuteronomy 33:13, Deuteronomy 33:22, נַגְדִּין streams Isaiah 44:4 +);—

participle (בינוני) Daniel 7:10 נְהַר דִּי נוּר נָגֵד וְנָפֵק מִן־קֳדָמוֹהִי.

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נֶ֫גֶד (Aramaic)

preposition in front of, facing (= Biblical Hebrew, see √ p. 616^b; not elsewhere known in Aramaic), Daniel 6:11 נֶגֶד יְרוּשְׁלֵם.

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נְהַר (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) Daniel 7:10 river (see Biblical Hebrew I. נהר);—absolute נ׳ Daniel 7:10; emph. נַהֲרָה Ezra 4:10 +, א—ָ Ezra 4:16;—river, usually of Euphr., in phr. עֲבַר נ׳ Ezra 4:10, Ezra 4:11, Ezra 4:16 + 10 times Ezr; נ׳ דִּי־נוּר Daniel 7:10 a river of fire, in vision.

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נְהִיר (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) light (Targum נְהוֹרָא, Syriac ܢܽܘܗܪܳܐ; see Biblical Hebrew II. נהר);—emph. נהירא Kt, < נְהוֹרָא Qr (compare Targum Syriac; Noldeke^{LCB 1896, 703}) Daniel 2:22.

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נְוָלוּ (Aramaic)

(Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 61, 4. 5) noun (fem.) refuse-heap (Targum נְוָלִי dung-heap; perhaps loan-word from Assyrian namâlu (nawâlu), ruin, Jen^{KB vi. 363});—נְוָלוּ Ezra 6:11, נְוָלִי Daniel 2:5; Daniel 3:29.

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נוּר (Aramaic)

noun (fem.) Daniel 3:6 et m.^{7, 9} fire (Targum Syriac; see √ נור Biblical Hebrew);—absolute נ׳ Daniel 3:27; Daniel 7:9^(×2), Daniel 7:10; emph. נוּרָא Daniel 3:6 + 12 times 3.

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נְזַק (Aramaic)

verb suffer injury (Targum the same; Assyrian nazâḳu, injure; on combin. with Arabic نقص impair, see Barth^{ES 51} Frä^{BAS iii. 81});—

participle (בינוני) נָזִ֑ק Daniel 6:3.

injure: future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תְּהַנְזִ֑ק (Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 33, 2) Ezra 4:13 (direct object person). participle (בינוני) active f. construct מְהַנְזְקַת מַלְכִין v Ezra 4:15; infinitive (מקור) construct לְהַנְזָקַת מ׳ v Ezra 4:22 (K^{ib. d}); Marti's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 48 c -קֻת).

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נְחָשׁ (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) copper, bronze (Targum Syriac; Biblical Hebrew נְחשֶׁת, נְחוּשָׁה, √ III. נחשׁ);—as material: absolute נ׳ Daniel 2:32; Daniel 4:12, Daniel 4:20; Daniel 7:19; emph. נְחָשָׁא Daniel 2:35, Daniel 2:39, Daniel 2:45; Daniel 5:4, Daniel 5:23.

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נְפַל (Aramaic)

verb fall (see Biblical Hebrew);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נ׳ Daniel 2:46; נְפַ֑ל Daniel 4:28; 3rd masculine plural נְפַ֫לוּ Daniel 3:23 + Daniel 7:20 Kt (Qr 3rd feminine plural נְפַ֫לָה, Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic §23, 2); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִפֵּל (Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 42) Daniel 3:6 +; 2nd masculine plural תִּפְּלוּן Daniel 3:5, Daniel 3:15; participle (בינוני) plural נָֽפְלִין Daniel 3:7;—

fall, עַל־אַנְפּ֫וֹהִי Daniel 2:46; fall down and do homage Daniel 3:5, Daniel 3:6, Daniel 3:7, Daniel 3:10, Daniel 3:11, Daniel 3:15; ל location Daniel 3:23; of voice, מִן־שְׁמַיָּא Daniel 4:28.

fall by violence Daniel 7:20 (c. קֳדָם).

יִפֵּל לָךְ Ezra 7:20 it shall fall to thee (thou shalt need) to give (compare Chr-Pal. Schulthess^{Lex. 126 and journal ZAW xxii (1902), 163}).

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נְפַק (Aramaic)

verb go, or come, out, forth (Targum the same, Mishnaic Hebrew נָפַק, Syriac ܢܦܰܩ, so Chr-Pal. Schulthess^{Lex. 126}, Old Aramaic Nab. Palmyrene נפק Lidzbarski ³²⁴, compare Arabic نَافِقَاءُ hole of field mouse; see also Aramaic נַפְקוּתָא, ܢܦܰܩܬܳܐ outlay, Egyptian Aramaic נפקתה Cooke^{Inscr. 212}, Arabic نَفَقَةٌ household outlay (Aramaic loan-word Schwally^{ZMG lii (1898), 133}));—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נ׳ Daniel 2:14 he went out, c. inf.; 3rd feminine singular נֶפְקַת v Daniel 2:13 decree went forth (compare Lu 2:1); 3rd masculine plural נפקו Daniel 5:5 Kt (Qr 3rd feminine plural נְפַ֫קָה, Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 23, 2) fingers came forth; c. מִן location: imperative (ציווי) mpl. פֻּקוּ (Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 42) Daniel 3:26 come forth! participle (בינוני) plural נָֽפְקִין v Daniel 3:26 (both of men); singular נָפֵק Daniel 7:10 (= flow out).

bring forth, direct object rei + מִן location: past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הַנְפֵּק Ezra 5:14^(×2); Ezra 6:5 Daniel 5:2; 3rd masculine plural הַנְפִּ֫קוּ v Daniel 5:3 (so Egyptian Aramaic S-C^{Pap. D 15, 17 +}).

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נְקֵא (Aramaic)

adjective clean, pure (see Biblical Hebrew נקה);—כַּעֲמַר נ׳ Daniel 7:9 like pure wool.

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נְשָׂא (Aramaic)

verb lift, take, carry (compare Biblical Hebrew; rare in Aramaic; see נְסִי, נְסָא ChWB, NHWB);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נ׳ Daniel 2:35 carry away (of wind, with a direct object rei); imperative (ציווי) ms. שֵׂא Ezra 5:15 take (direct object vessels).

make a rising, an insurrection: participle (בינוני) fs. מִתְנַשְּׂאָה Ezra 4:19, עַל person

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נְשַׁר (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) griffon-vulture or eagle (see Biblical Hebrew);—absolute נ׳ Daniel 7:4; plural absolute נִשְׁרִין Daniel 4:30.

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נְתַר (Aramaic)

verb

strip off (Targum נְתַר fall off; Syriac ܢܬܰܪ; Arabic نَثَرَ scatter; Assyrian našâru, diminish, shorten, Mishnaic Hebrew נָשַׁר fall off);—imperative (ציווי) mpl. אַתַּ֫רוּ (Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 42 b)) Daniel 4:11 (direct object of leaves).

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נַ֫חְנוּ

pron. 1st plural we (abbrev. from אֲנַחְנוּ; compare the forms نَحْنُ, ንሕነ נַחְנָא, just cited; also Assyrian nîni) Genesis 42:11; Exodus 16:7, Exodus 16:8; Numbers 32:32; Lamentations 3:42. (In II Samuel 17:12 נַחְנוּ is 1st plural perf. Qal from נוּחַ.)

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נָזִיד

n.[m.] thing sodden or boiled, pottage; absolute נ׳ Genesis 25:29 + 4 times; construct נְזִיד Genesis 25:34;—a kind of boiled leguminous food, obj. of וַיָּ֫זֶד Genesis 25:29 (see זוּד Hiph.); defined v Genesis 25:34 as נְזִיד עֲדָשִׁים (see עדשׁ); obj. of בַּשֵּׁל II Kings 4:38; boiled in a סִיר v II Kings 4:39 compare v II Kings 4:40; mentioned, appar. as a common food, Haggai 2:12.

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נַחְבִּי

n.pr.m. a Naphtalite, one of the Hebrew spies Numbers 13:4.

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נָכוֹן

n.pr.m. only in גֹּרֶן נ׳ II Samuel 6:6; Septuagint Νωδαβ, A Ναχων, SeptuagintL Ορνα τοῦ Ἰεβουσαίου;=כִּידֹן I Chronicles 13:9.

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נָא

particle of entreaty or exhortation, I (we) pray, now (enclitic) (Syriac ܢܺܐ, ܢܺܝ; compare Ethiopic ነዒ: veni, age! Dillmann^{§ 160. 1} Lex⁶⁷⁵ Konig^{ii. 244});—attached:

to the imv., especially in colloquial style, when it expresses an entreaty or admonition, as Genesis 12:13 אִמְרִי־נָא say, I pray, Genesis 13:9 הִפָּרֶד־נָא מֵעָלַי, v Genesis 12:14 שָׂא־נָא עֵינֶיךָ, Genesis 15:5 הַבֶּט־נָא השׁמימה, Genesis 24:2 + often, Numbers 20:10 שׁמעו־נא המוֹרים, Judges 13:4; Judges 16:6, Judges 16:10, Judges 16:28; Judges 18:5, etc., Isaiah 1:18; Isaiah 5:3 Amos 7:2, Amos 7:5; rarely in a command, Genesis 22:2 Isaiah 7:3. Ironically, in a challenge, Isaiah 47:12 Job 40:10. Once anomalously attached to a noun, or (accents) prefixed to a verb, Numbers 12:13 אֵ֕ל נָא֛ רְפָ֥א נָא֖ (Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 246 a Dillmann אַל־נָא; see 3 b).

to the pf. with waw consec., in a precative sense (Driver^{§ 119 δ}) Genesis 40:14.

to the impf., when leave is asked, or a prayer or desire expressed;

in 1 person, especially with ה cohort., Genesis 19:8 אוציאה־נא let me, I pray, bring out, v Genesis 19:20 אִמָּֽלְטָה־נָּא שָׁ֑מָּה, Exodus 3:18 נלכה־נא let us go, I pray, אֵלְכָה נָּא Exodus 4:18 אִיעָצֵּךְ נָא עֵצָה let me give thee counsel, I pray, I Kings 1:12 Numbers 20:17 Isaiah 5:5; and in self-deliberation, Genesis 18:21 ארדה־נּא I will go down, now! Exodus 3:3 אסורה־נּא ואראה I will turn aside, now, and see, II Samuel 14:15 Song of Songs 3:2 Isaiah 5:1; with אַל Job 32:21.

in 2 person, with אַל, in deprecation, Genesis 18:3 אל־נא תעבר מעל עבדך, Genesis 19:7; Genesis 47:29 Numbers 10:31, etc.; hence ellipt. אל־נא do not, I pray, (do this,) Genesis 19:18; Genesis 33:10 Numbers 12:13 Ewald Dillmann

in 3 person, Genesis 18:4 יֻקַּח־נָא let there be brought, I pray, Genesis 26:28; Genesis 33:14; Genesis 44:18, Genesis 44:33, etc., II Samuel 14:11, II Samuel 14:12, II Samuel 14:17 I Kings 17:21 II Kings 2:9 Psalms 7:10; Psalms 118:2, Psalms 118:3; ironically Isaiah 19:12; Isaiah 47:13, or defiantly Jeremiah 17:15 where is the word of J.? יָבוֹא נָא; with אַל, Genesis 13:8 אַל־נָא תְהִי מְרִיבָה, Genesis 18:30 אַל־נָא יִחַר לַאדֹנָי, Genesis 37:27 Numbers 12:12.

joined to conjunctions and interjections:

[אָהּ־נָא, contr.] אָ֫נָּא; see p. 58.

אַל־נָא, see above 3 b, c.

אִם־נָא, especially in the phrase אם נא מצאתי חן בעיניך, used by one craving a favourable hearing †Genesis 30:27; Genesis 33:10 Judges 6:17; I Samuel 27:5, and with נא repeated in the request itself †Genesis 18:3; Genesis 47:29; Genesis 50:4 Exodus 33:13; Exodus 34:9; otherwise Genesis 24:42.

הִנֵּה־נָא behold, I pray, craving a favourable consideration of the fact pointed to by הִנֵּה, and of the request founded upon it (with which נא is often repeated), Genesis 12:11; Genesis 16:2; Genesis 18:27, Genesis 18:31; Genesis 19:2, Genesis 19:8, Genesis 19:19, Genesis 19:20; Genesis 27:2 Judges 13:3; Judges 19:9 I Samuel 9:6; I Samuel 16:15 II Samuel 13:24 II Kings 2:16, II Kings 2:19; II Kings 4:9 +, Job 13:18; Job 33:2; Job 40:15, Job 40:16.

(לנו) אוֹי־נָא לי Woe, now, to me (us)! †Jeremiah 4:31; Jeremiah 45:3 Lamentations 5:16.

אַיֵּה־נָא where, pray? †Psalms 115:2.

נֶגְדָּה־נָּא, peculiarly, †Psalms 116:14, Psalms 116:18 my vows to J. I will perform, נגדה־נא לכל־עמו O that (it may be) before all his people!

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נָא²

adjective see ניא.

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נֹא

n.pr.location Noldeke = Thebes (Egyptian nt, city, that is probably nē(t), see Steind^{BAS i. 596 f.}; Assyrian Ni-ʾu, Ni-iʾ Delitzsch^{Par 318} Steind^l.c. Schr^{COT gloss}.; Tel Am. Nî (Ni-i) Winckler^{Tel Am. 39} Bez^{Tel Am. in BM 153});—הִנְנִי פוֹקֵד אֶל־אָמוֹן מִנֹּא Jeremiah 46:25 Amon from (of, Septuagint ἐν = בְּ) Noldeke; נֹא אָמוֹן Nahum 3:8 Noldeke of Amon (= city of god Ammon, = Septuagint Διόσπολις Ezekiel 30:14, Ezekiel 30:16 Steind^l.c.; see also Jerem. and Billerbeck^{BAS iii. 104 f.}); Ezekiel 30:14 (‖ פַּתְרוֹס, צֹ֫עַן), וְהִכְרַתִּי אֶת־הֲמוֹן נֹא v Ezekiel 30:15 (‖ סִין; but Septuagint Co Berthol נֹף q.see for נֹא) v Ezekiel 30:16 (‖ סִין, Co סון). It lay on the right bank of the Nile, c. 400 miles (by the river) S. of Memphis.

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נָאָה

verb only Piʿlel be comely, befitting (Gesenius' Thesaurus Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 251 a, 187 a Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 416 b Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 73. 2. R.4 Siegfried-Stade Bae Psalms 33:1 > AE Ki Hartm^{Plurilit.-bildungen (1875) 13 ff.} Noldeke^{ZMG xxx, 1876, 185} Nowack Hup Psalms 31:1, Psalms 93:5 Buhl Niph. √ I. אוה desire, that is desirable, beautiful; Mishnaic Hebrew נאה Pi. Hithp.; Targum נוֹאִי beauty);—Piʿlel past (עבר) נַאֲוָה Psalms 93:5 (so van d. H Ginsb; Mass Baer De^{ad location} נָֽאֲוָה = נָאוָה see נָאוֶה adjective, but v Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 155 b. n); נָאווּ Isaiah 52:7 Song of Songs 1:10 (on form compare Gesenius^l.c.);—

be comely; of feet of messenger, (figuratively) Isaiah 52:7; of cheeks Song of Songs 1:10.

be befitting: לְבֵיתְךָ נ׳־קֹדֶשׁ Psalms 93:5.

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נָאוֶה

adjective comely, seemly;—נ׳ m. Song of Songs 2:14 + 3 times; f. נָאוָה Psalms 33:1 + 4 times, נָוָה Jeremiah 6:2;—

comely, beautiful, of woman Song of Songs 1:5; Song of Songs 6:4 (‖ יָפָה); of face Song of Songs 2:14 (מַרְאֶה); so נָוָה Jeremiah 6:2 (figuratively of Jerus.; ‖ מְעֻנָּגָה); of mouth Song of Songs 4:3 (‖ שְׂפָתוֹת).

seemly, of praise תְּהִלָּה Psalms 33:1; Psalms 147:1; subj. שְׂפַת־יֶתֶר Proverbs 17:7 (compare Song of Songs 4:3); תַּעֲנוּג Proverbs 19:10; כָּבוֹד Proverbs 26:1. So also Psalms 93:5 Mass (anom. feminine) see [נאה] above

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נְאֻם

noun (masc.) utterance (Barth^{NB 82 e} Konig^{Lgb ii. 501} > older expl. as participle (בינוני) passive);—נ׳ always thus, as construct:—

utterance, declaration, revelation, of prophet in ecstatic state נ׳ בלעם Numbers 24:3, Numbers 24:15; נ׳ שֹׁמֵעַ אִמְרֵי אֵל v Numbers 24:4, Numbers 24:16; נ׳ הַגֶּבֶר v Numbers 24:3, Numbers 24:15 II Samuel 23:1 Proverbs 30:1; נ׳ דוד II Samuel 23:1; נ׳ פֶּשַׁע Psalms 36:2 (transgression personified, speaking with proph. voice בְּקֶרֶב לִבּוֹ); elsewhere always

before divine names (except Jeremiah 23:31 see verb): נ׳ יהוה utterance, declaration of י׳ (prophet citing divine word given through him), Genesis 22:16, Numbers 14:28, II Kings 9:26^(×2); II Kings 19:33 = Isaiah 37:34, II Kings 22:19 = II Chronicles 34:27, Isaiah 14:22; Isaiah 30:1; Isaiah 31:9 Ezekiel 13:6, Ezekiel 13:7; Ezekiel 16:58; Ezekiel 37:14 Hosea 2:15, Hosea 2:18, Hosea 2:23; Hosea 11:11 Joel 2:12 Obadiah 1:4; Obadiah 1:8 Micah 4:6; Micah 5:9 Zephaniah 1:2, Zephaniah 1:3, Zephaniah 1:10; Zephaniah 3:8 Zechariah 8:17; Zechariah 10:12; Zechariah 11:6; Zechariah 12:1, Zechariah 12:4; Zechariah 13:8 Malachi 1:2 + Is ² 12 times, Je 162 times, Am 14 times, Hg 5 times, Zc 1 (Zechariah 1:1-8) 6 times; followed by אלהי ישׂראל I Samuel 2:30 Isaiah 17:6; י׳ אֱלֹהֵי (הַ)צְבָאוֹת Amos 6:8, Amos 6:14; נ׳ י׳ צְבָאוֹת Isaiah 14:22, Isaiah 14:23; Isaiah 17:3; Isaiah 22:25 Jeremiah 8:3; Jeremiah 25:29; Jeremiah 30:8; Jeremiah 49:26 Nahum 2:14; Nahum 3:5 Zechariah 13:2, Zechariah 13:7 + Hg 5 times, Zechariah 1 (Zechariah 1:1-8) 7 times; followed by אלהי ישׂראל Zephaniah 2:9; האדון י׳ צ׳ Isaiah 1:24; Isaiah 19:4; אֲדֹנָי י׳ אֶלֹהֵי הַצּ׳ Amos 3:13; אדני י׳ צ׳ Isaiah 3:15 Jeremiah 49:5; הַמֶּלֶךְ י׳ צ׳ Jeremiah 46:18; Jeremiah 48:15; Jeremiah 51:57; נ׳ אדני יהוה Isaiah 56:8 Jeremiah 2:22 Amos 4:5; Amos 8:3, Amos 8:9, Amos 8:11 + Ez 82 times נְאֻם begins sentence only Isaiah 56:8 Psalms 110:1; often in middle Isaiah 49:18 Amos 3:10 +; most frequently at end Isaiah 54:17 Amos 2:11; Amos 4:3 +; found in all proph. except Hab., Jon.; not in H D of Hex, Chr (except ‖ Kings), Dan., Job or the five Megilloth.

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נָאַף

verb commit adultery (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic נְאַף (rare));—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִנְאַף Leviticus 20:10^(×2); 3rd masculine plural וַיִּנְאָ֑פוּ Jeremiah 5:7 + 3 times future (עתיד), infinitive (מקור) absolute נָאוֹף Jeremiah 23:14; נָאֹף Hosea 4:2 Jeremiah 7:9; participle (בינוני) נֹאֵף Proverbs 6:32 Job 24:15; fs. נֹאָ֑פֶת Leviticus 20:10; fpl. נֹאֲפוֹת Ezekiel 16:38 + 2 times;—

literally commit adultery:

usually of man, always with wife of another; with a direct object woman, Leviticus 20:10^(×2), Proverbs 6:32; elsewhere absolute Exodus 20:13 = Deuteronomy 5:17 (Ten Words), Jeremiah 5:7; Jeremiah 7:9; Jeremiah 23:14 Hosea 4:2; pt. m. Leviticus 20:10, Job 24:15.

of women, only pt. Leviticus 20:10, Ezekiel 16:38; Ezekiel 23:45^(×2).

figuratively of idolatrous worship, את האבן ואת העץ Jeremiah 3:9.

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular נִאֲפָה Jeremiah 3:8; 3rd masculine plural נִאֵ֑פוּ Ezekiel 23:37^(×2); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יְנַאֲפוּ Jeremiah 29:23; Jeremiah 29:3 fpl. תְּנָאַפְנָה Hosea 4:13, Hosea 4:14; participle (בינוני) מְנָאֵף Isaiah 57:3; plural מְנָאֲפִים Jeremiah 9:1 + 4 times; f. מְנָאָ֑פֶת Proverbs 30:20 + 2 times;—

literally commit adultery:

of man, with a direct object woman, Jeremiah 29:23; pt. plural Jeremiah 9:2; Jeremiah 23:10 Hosea 7:4 Malachi 3:5 Psalms 50:18.

of woman, absolute Hosea 4:13, Hosea 4:14; pt. Hosea 3:1 Proverbs 30:20; plural Ezekiel 16:32; Ezekiel 23:37.

figuratively of idolatrous worship, אֶת־גִּלּוּלֵיהֶן Ezekiel 23:37; absolute Jeremiah 3:8, זֶרַע מְנָאֵף Isaiah 57:3.

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נָאַץ

verb contemn, spurn (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Pi.; Targum נִיאוּצָא reviling);—

past (עבר) נ׳ Proverbs 5:12; 3rd plural נָֽאֲצוּ Proverbs 1:30; נָאָ֑צוּ Psalms 107:11; future (עתיד) יִנְאַץ Proverbs 15:5; יִנְאָצ֑וּן Jeremiah 33:24, etc.;—contemn, subj. wicked and foolish, obj. תּוֹכַחַת Proverbs 1:30; Proverbs 5:12; obj. מוּסָר Proverbs 15:5; עֵצָה Psalms 107:11; Jeremiah 33:24 (obj. עַם י׳; compare Gie); subj. י׳ Deuteronomy 32:19 Jeremiah 14:21 Lamentations 2:6.

past (עבר) נִאֵץ Psalms 10:3, Psalms 10:13; נִאַ֫צְתָּ II Samuel 12:14, etc.; future (עתיד) יְנָאֵץ Psalms 74:10, with suffix יְנַאֲצֻנִי Numbers 14:11; infinitive (מקור) absolute נִאֵץ (Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 221) II Samuel 12:14; participle (בינוני) with suffix מְנָֽאֲצַי Numbers 14:23; מְנַאֲצַי Jeremiah 23:17; מְנַאֲצָ֑יִךְ Isaiah 60:14;—contemn, spurn, subj.men, obj. י׳, etc.: Numbers 14:11, Numbers 14:23; Numbers 16:30 (all J), Deuteronomy 31:20 Isaiah 1:4 Psalms 10:3, Psalms 10:13 Jeremiah 23:17; obj. שֵׁם י׳ Psalms 74:10, Psalms 74:18; אִמְרַת י׳ Isaiah 5:24; מִנְחַת י׳ I Samuel 2:17; once obj. Jerus. Isaiah 60:14; cause to contemn (blaspheme AV RV) II Samuel 12:14^(×2) (but אֹיְבֵי probably interp.; v Comm).

future (עתיד) יָנֵ֯אץ see נצץ. Hithpoʿel participle (בינוני) כל־היום שְׁמִי מִנֹּאָץ Isaiah 52:5 every day is my name contemned.

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נָאַר

verb only Pi. exact meaning uncertain; probably (from context) abhor, spurn (De comp. Arabic نار abhor, but this is med. و);—

past (עבר) subj. י׳, נִאֵר Lamentations 2:7 (obj. מִקְדָּשׁוֹ; ‖ זָנַח); 2nd masculine singular נֵאַרְתָּה Psalms 89:40 (obj. בְּרִית עַבְדְּךָ; ‖ חִלֵּל, and זָנַח, מָאַם v Psalms 89:39; doubts cast on text by Hup (reading נאץ), Nowack, Budde Lamentations 2:7).

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נֹב

n.pr.location

ancient priestly city I Samuel 22:19 compare v I Samuel 22:11 c. ה location נֹ֫בֶה (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 90, 2 ad fin.), I Samuel 21:2; I Samuel 22:9; Septuagint Νομβα, Νομμα, Νοβα, etc.; perhaps = נְבוֹ (q.see) Ezra 2:29 = Nehemiah 7:32, Ezra 10:43, Septuagint Ναβον, Ναβια, etc. Site doubtful; on Jerome’s identif. with Nobe near Lydda compare Buhl^{Geogr. 189}; a Bēt Nūbā lies c. 13 m. WNW. from Jerus., c. 10 SE. from Lydda.

Isaiah 10:32 just N. of Jerus., station in (ideal) Assyrian march; compare Nehemiah 11:32 (inhab. by Benjamites); perhaps = 1. —II Samuel 21:16 read גֹּב (q.see p. 146 above)

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נָבִיא

noun (masc.) spokesman, speaker, prophet—נ׳ Genesis 20:7 + 155 times; with suffix נְבִיאֶ֑ךָ Exodus 7:1; plural נְבִיאִים Numbers 11:29 + 82 times; נְבִאִים Jeremiah 27:18 + 16 times; with suffix נְבִיאַי Psalms 105:15; נְבִאָיו I Kings 22:22; נְבִיאָו֯ II Kings 17:13, etc.;—

genuine prophet of י׳, נביא, anciently called רֹאֶה, I Samuel 9:9 (antiquarian note); change probably occurred in times of Elijah and is first reflected in Ephr. literally as applied to Abraham Genesis 20:7; Moses Deuteronomy 34:10, M. and other early proph. Hosea 6:5; Hosea 12:11^(×2), Hosea 12:14^(×2) Amos 2:11, Amos 2:12; of proph. in ecstatic state Numbers 12:6, Numbers 11:24. So in Judaic literally, of prophet like Moses Deuteronomy 18:15, Deuteronomy 18:18, of Aaron (as mouthpiece of M.) Exodus 7:1, of Sam. I Samuel 3:20, an unknown Judges 6:8; in time of Sam. proph. were organized in bands: †הֶבֶל נביאים I Samuel 10:5, I Samuel 10:10; †להקת הנ׳ I Samuel 19:20; and in time of Elijah were †בְּנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים = members of prophets’ guilds I Kings 20:35 II Kings 2:3, II Kings 2:5, II Kings 2:7, II Kings 2:15; II Kings 4:1, II Kings 4:38^(×2) נָבִיא of genuine proph. (besides phrases), in Judaic prophets, only of Jer., Jeremiah 1:5; Ezekiel, Ezekiel 2:5 = Ezekiel 33:33; of ancient prophets Jeremiah 28:8, Jeremiah 28:9^(×3) Zechariah 1:6; Zechariah 8:9; especially †הנביאים הראשׁנים Zechariah 1:4; Zechariah 7:7, Zechariah 7:12, compare †עבדי(ו) הנביאים my (his) servants the prophets II Kings 9:7; II Kings 17:13, II Kings 17:23; II Kings 21:10; II Kings 24:2 (all R^D) Ezra 9:11 Daniel 9:10 Jeremiah 7:25; Jeremiah 25:4; Jeremiah 26:5; Jeremiah 29:19; Jeremiah 35:15; Jeremiah 44:4 Amos 3:7 Zechariah 1:6, compare Ezekiel 38:17 Daniel 9:6; †עבדוֹ הַנּ׳ his servant the prophet I Kings 14:18 II Kings 14:25; הַנָּבִיא with n.pr.: Jer, II Chronicles 36:12 Daniel 9:2 + 31 times Je (but Septuagint only 4 times, the rest probably redactional, see Gie^{Jer. xxvii}); Elijah I Kings 18:36 (om Septuagint), II Chronicles 21:12 Malachi 3:23; Nathan II Samuel 7:2 + 10 times S. and K.; 4 times Chr Psalms 51:2 (title); Isaiah, II Kings 19:2; II Kings 20:1, II Kings 20:14 = Isaiah 37:2; Isaiah 38:1; Isaiah 39:1; II Kings 20:11; II Chronicles 26:22; II Chronicles 32:20, II Chronicles 32:32; Habakkuk Habakkuk 1:1; Habakkuk 3:1 (titles); Haggai, Haggai 1:1, Haggai 1:3, Haggai 1:12; Haggai 2:1, Haggai 2:10; Zech., Zechariah 1:1, Zechariah 1:7 (titles); elsewhere several others in S., K. and Chr. 15 times; נביא is used elsewhere of genuine proph. only I Samuel 9:9 + 34 times S. and K.; I Chronicles 16:22 = Psalms 105:15, + 13 times Chr.; Psalms 74:9 complains of absence of נ׳; לַחְתֹּם חָזוֹן וְנָבִיא Daniel 9:24 see חתם.

false prophets: †prophets as official class, beside priests, charact. as false prophets: Isaiah 28:7 Jeremiah 2:26; Jeremiah 4:9; Jeremiah 6:13; Jeremiah 8:1, Jeremiah 8:10; Jeremiah 13:13; Jeremiah 14:18; Jeremiah 18:18; Jeremiah 23:11, Jeremiah 23:33, Jeremiah 23:34; Jeremiah 26:7, Jeremiah 26:8, Jeremiah 26:11, Jeremiah 26:16; Jeremiah 32:32 Zechariah 7:3, app. also II Kings 23:2 Nehemiah 9:32 Lamentations 2:20 Jeremiah 29:1 Ezekiel 7:26 (in these not characterized); always false (except of ancient and special prophets given above) in Amos 7:14 Hosea 4:5; Hosea 9:7, Hosea 9:8 Micah 3:5, Micah 3:6, Micah 3:11 Isaiah 3:2; Isaiah 9:14; Isaiah 29:10 Jeremiah 2:8, Jeremiah 2:30; Jeremiah 5:13, Jeremiah 5:31; Jeremiah 14:13, Jeremiah 14:14, Jeremiah 14:15^(×2); Jeremiah 23:9 + 16 times; Jeremiah 27:9, Jeremiah 27:14, Jeremiah 27:15, Jeremiah 27:16, Jeremiah 27:18; Jeremiah 29:8, Jeremiah 29:15; Jeremiah 37:19 Ezekiel 13:2^(×2), Ezekiel 13:3, Ezekiel 13:4, Ezekiel 13:9, Ezekiel 13:16; Ezekiel 14:4, Ezekiel 14:7, Ezekiel 14:9^(×2), Ezekiel 14:10; Ezekiel 22:25, Ezekiel 22:28 Zephaniah 3:4 Lamentations 2:9, Lamentations 2:14; Lamentations 4:13; especially discredited Deuteronomy 13:2, Deuteronomy 13:4, Deuteronomy 13:6; Deuteronomy 18:20^(×2), Deuteronomy 18:22^(×2) Zechariah 13:2, Zechariah 13:4, Zechariah 13:5; such a prophet Hananiah called הַנָּבִיא Jeremiah 28:1, Jeremiah 28:5, Jeremiah 28:10, Jeremiah 28:12, Jeremiah 28:15, Jeremiah 28:17 (Septuagint omits in all but v Jeremiah 28:1, where Ψευδοπροφήτης). Usage of prophets themselves gives such a bad flavour to נביא, that we are not surprised that it is absent from exilic Isaiah, the Wisd. literally, and ψψ (except for special reasons in 3 ψψ given under 1).

heathen prophets I Kings 18:20; I Kings 19:1; II Kings 3:13^(×2); נביאי האשׁרה I Kings 18:19; נביאי הבעל I Kings 18:19, I Kings 18:22, I Kings 18:25, I Kings 18:40 II Kings 10:19; I Kings 22:6, I Kings 22:10, I Kings 22:12, I Kings 22:13, I Kings 22:22, I Kings 22:23 = II Chronicles 18:5, II Chronicles 18:9, II Chronicles 18:11, II Chronicles 18:12, II Chronicles 18:21, II Chronicles 18:22.

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נָבָא

verb denom. prophesy (in oldest forms, of religious ecstasy with or without song and music; later, essentially religious instruction, with occasional predictions);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִבָּא Jeremiah 20:1 + 7 times; 2nd masculine singular נִבֵּאתָ Jeremiah 20:6 + 2 times; נִבֵּיתָ Jeremiah 26:9; 1st singular נִבֵּאתִי Ezekiel 37:7; 3rd plural נִבְּאוּ Jeremiah 2:8 + 3 times; נִבָּ֑נוּ Jeremiah 23:21; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִנָּבֵא Amos 3:8 + 9 times future (עתיד); imperative (ציווי) הִנָּבֵא Amos 7:15 + 27 times; infinitive (מקור) הִנָּבֵא Amos 7:13; with suffix הִנָּֽבְאוֹ Zechariah 13:3; הִנָּֽבְאֹתוֹ Zechariah 13:4, + 4 times infinitive (מקור); participle (בינוני) נִבָּא Jeremiah 26:18 + (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 93 oo);—

prophesy under influence of divine spirit:

in the ecstatic state, with song I Samuel 10:11; I Samuel 19:20 and music I Chronicles 25:1, I Chronicles 25:2, I Chronicles 25:3.

the word of י׳: absolute Amos 2:12; Amos 3:8 (emend. יחרד Wellhausen Nowack needless), Amos 7:12, Amos 7:13 Joel 3:1 Jeremiah 19:14; Jeremiah 26:18; Jeremiah 28:9; Jeremiah 32:3 Ezekiel 11:13; Ezekiel 12:27; Ezekiel 21:19; Ezekiel 37:7; Ezekiel 38:17 but especially in phr. הִנָּבֵא וְאָמַרְתָּ Ezekiel 12:27; Ezekiel 21:14, Ezekiel 21:33; Ezekiel 30:2; Ezekiel 34:2; Ezekiel 36:3; Ezekiel 37:7, Ezekiel 37:12; Ezekiel 38:14, Ezekiel 38:17; with a direct object Jeremiah 20:1; Jeremiah 25:30; Jeremiah 28:6; followed by עַל against Amos 7:16 Jeremiah 25:13; Jeremiah 26:20 Ezekiel 4:7; Ezekiel 11:4; Ezekiel 13:17; Ezekiel 25:2; Ezekiel 28:21; Ezekiel 29:2; Ezekiel 34:2; Ezekiel 35:2; Ezekiel 36:6; Ezekiel 38:2; Ezekiel 39:1; unto Ezekiel 37:4; אֶל unto Amos 7:15 Jeremiah 26:11, Jeremiah 26:12; Jeremiah 28:8 Ezekiel 36:1; Ezekiel 37:9; against Ezekiel 6:2; Ezekiel 13:2; Ezekiel 21:2, Ezekiel 21:7; בְּשֵׁם י׳ Jeremiah 11:21; Jeremiah 14:15; Jeremiah 23:25; Jeremiah 26:9.

of false prophets: absolute Jeremiah 23:21 Ezekiel 13:2 Zechariah 13:3^(×2), Zechariah 13:4; with a direct object I Kings 22:12 = II Chronicles 18:11; שֶׁקֶר Jeremiah 14:14; Jeremiah 23:25; Jeremiah 27:10, Jeremiah 27:14, Jeremiah 27:16; Jeremiah 29:21; לַשָּׁ֑קֶר Jeremiah 27:15; בַּשֶּׁקֶר Jeremiah 5:31; Jeremiah 20:6, Jeremiah 29:9; נִבְּאֵי הַשּׁ׳ Jeremiah 23:26, compare v Jeremiah 23:32; c. לְ Jeremiah 14:16; Jeremiah 23:16; Jeremiah 27:15, Jeremiah 27:16; Jeremiah 29:31; Jeremiah 37:19; followed by אֶל concerning Ezekiel 13:16.

compare heathen prophets, בַּבַּעַל Jeremiah 2:8.

past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular הִתְנַבִּיתָ I Samuel 10:6; 1st singular הִנַּבֵּאתִי Ezekiel 37:10; 3rd plural הִנַּבְּאוּ Jeremiah 23:13; future (עתיד) יִתְנַבֵּא I Samuel 10:10 + 7 times; 3rd masculine plural יִתְנַבְּאוּ Numbers 11:25 + 5 times; infinitive (מקור) הִתְנַבּוֹת I Samuel 10:13; participle (בינוני) מִתְנַבֵּא Jeremiah 26:20 + 9 times participle (בינוני);—

prophesy under influence of divine spirit:

in the ecstatic state Numbers 11:25, Numbers 11:26, Numbers 11:27, with music I Samuel 10:5, I Samuel 10:6, I Samuel 10:10, I Samuel 10:13, in frenzy I Samuel 19:20, I Samuel 19:21^(×2), I Samuel 19:23, I Samuel 19:24; excited to violence I Samuel 18:10 (= מְשֻׁגָּע mad II Kings 9:11); Jeremiah 29:26.

apart from ecstatic state, absolute Ezekiel 37:10, c. לְ I Kings 22:8 Jeremiah 29:27; על I Kings 22:18 = II Chronicles 18:17, II Chronicles 18:7; II Chronicles 20:37; בְּשֵׁם י׳ Jeremiah 26:20.

of heathen prophets of Baal in ecstatic state I Kings 18:29; בַּבַּעַל Jeremiah 23:13.

of false prophets I Kings 22:10 = II Chronicles 18:9, Jeremiah 14:14 Ezekiel 13:17.

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נְבִיאָה

noun (fem.) prophetess;—

of the ancient type endowed with gift of song, Miriam Exodus 15:20; Deborah Judges 4:4.

of the later type consulted for a word of י׳, Huldah II Kings 22:14 = II Chronicles 34:22.

false prophetess, Noadiah Nehemiah 6:14.

wife of Isaiah Isaiah 8:3.

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נְבוֹ

n.pr.location (probably connex., at least for 2, with (Bab.) god Nebo, Nabû, compare ii. נְבוֹ and Bae^{Rel. 15, 89, 259}; yet not certain, Noldeke^{ZMG xiii. 1888, 470} comp. Arabic النَبَاوَةُ the height, etc.): Septuagint Ναβαυ;—

city in Moab Numbers 32:3, Numbers 32:38 (where assigned to Reuben; both JE = נבה MI ¹⁴) Isaiah 15:2 Jeremiah 48:1, Jeremiah 48:22 I Chronicles 5:8; probably on or near Mt. Nebo (see below), compare Buhl^{Geogr. 266 f.} Tristr^{Moab 338}.

city in Judah, בְּנֵי נ׳ Ezra 2:29 = אַנְשֵׁי נ׳ אַחֵר Nehemiah 7:33 (the men of the other N., so disting.—si. אחר vera l, compare Ryle—from a? or from another נֹב?), Ezra 10:43;—this נבו in Judah perhaps = נֹב 1 q.see

mt. in Moab, where Moses dies Numbers 33:47 Deuteronomy 32:49 (הַר־נְבוֹ), Deuteronomy 34:1 (the same; all P), six miles W. of Heshbon according to Onom. (ed. Lagarde²⁸³). Prob. = mod. Nebâ at NE. corner of Dead Sea, Survey^{E. Pal. i. 198 ff.} GASm^{Geogr. 562 ff.} Buhl^{Geogr. 266 f.} Tristr^{Moab 318, 338} Merrill^{E. of Jordan, 242 ff.}—Cf. פִּסְגָּה.

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נְבוֹ²

n.pr.div. Nebo (loan-wd. in Hebrew, compare Phoenician n.pr.m. נבו; = Assyrian Nabû, Schr^{COT Gloss. and} Isaiah 46:1 Jastrow^{Rel. Bab. 124 ff.} Jen^{Kosmol.passive} Tiele^{Assyrian u. Bab. Gesch. 532 f.} Say^{Rel.Bab. 112 ff.} (compare Palmyrene n.pr. נבוזבד, ברנבו Vog^{Palmyrene Noldeke. 73}), and this perhaps √ nabû, call, name, see נבא);—Babylonian god כָּרַע בֵּל קֹרֵס נְבוֹ Isaiah 46:1.

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נְבוּזַרְאֲדָן

n.pr.m. ( = Nabû-zêr-iddin, Nebo hath given seed, Schr^{COT 2 K 25, 8});—general of Nebuchadrezzar, always entitled רַב־טַבָּחִים II Kings 25:8, II Kings 25:11, II Kings 25:20 = Jeremiah 52:12, Jeremiah 52:15, Jeremiah 52:26; Jeremiah 39:9, Jeremiah 39:10, Jeremiah 39:11, Jeremiah 39:13; Jeremiah 40:1; Jeremiah 41:10; Jeremiah 43:6; Jeremiah 52:16, Jeremiah 52:30.

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נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר

and (incorrectly) נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר (see also below) n.pr.m. Nebuchadrezzar, Nebuchadnezzar (Bab. Nabû-kudurri-uṣur = (probably) Nebo, protect the boundary! Delitzsch^{Calwer BL} Budge^Nebuchadn. (on kudurru, boundary, v Delitzsch^{HWB 319}); poss. is also crown, and so Schr^{COT 2 K 24, 1}; Jäger^{BAS i. 471} proposes (thy) servant);—Septuagint Ναβον-χοδονοσ(σ)ορ; Can. Ptol Ναβοκολασσαρον Schr^{COT 490}, Abydenos etc. Ναβουκοδρόσορος, see Schr^{ib. 2 K 24, 1};—the great king of Babylon (reigned b. c. 605–562), who captured Jerus. and carried Judah captive: most often נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר מֶלֶךְ בָּבֶל (נ׳ often om. in Septuagint Jeremiah 21:2, Jeremiah 21:7 (but om. Septuagint Gie), Jeremiah 22:25; Jeremiah 25:1, Jeremiah 25:9; Jeremiah 29:21; Jeremiah 32:28; Jeremiah 34:1 (see Baer’s note; van d. H נבוכדנ׳), Jeremiah 35:11; Jeremiah 37:1; Jeremiah 39:1, Jeremiah 21:5 (see on Jeremiah 34:1), v Jeremiah 21:11 Jeremiah 43:10; Jeremiah 44:30; Jeremiah 46:2, Jeremiah 46:13, Jeremiah 46:26; Jeremiah 49:30; Jeremiah 50:17; Jeremiah 51:34; Jeremiah 52:4, Jeremiah 52:12 Ezekiel 26:7; Ezekiel 29:18, Ezekiel 29:19, Ezekiel 30:10; so Qr Jeremiah 49:28 (Kt נבוכדראצור מ׳ ב׳); נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר֑ (מֶלֶךְ בָּבֶל om.) Jeremiah 32:1; Jeremiah 52:28, Jeremiah 52:29, Jeremiah 52:30. Spelt corruptly with n, נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר מ׳ ב׳ (compare Schr^COT II Kings 24, II Kings 1 n.) II Chronicles 36:6 Daniel 1:1 Jeremiah 27:6, Jeremiah 27:8, Jeremiah 27:20; Jeremiah 28:3; Jeremiah 29:3 Ezra 2:1 Qr (Kt נבוכדנצור מ׳ ב׳, compare Jeremiah 49:28 above); נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר alone II Chronicles 36:7, II Chronicles 36:10, II Chronicles 36:13 (הַמֶּלֶךְ נ׳), Jeremiah 29:1; נְבֻכַדְנֶאצַּר מ׳ ב׳ II Kings 24:1, II Kings 24:10, II Kings 24:11; II Kings 25:1, II Kings 25:8, II Kings 25:22 Jeremiah 28:11, Jeremiah 28:14; נְבֻכַדְנֶאצַּר֑ I Chronicles 5:41; נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר מ׳ ב׳ Nehemiah 7:6 Esther 2:6; נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר Ezra 1:7 (מ׳ ב׳ om.), נְבֻכַדְנֶצַּר Daniel 2:1^(×2), נְבֻכַדְנֶצַּר֑ Daniel 1:18 (see also Tobit 14:5, Judges 1:1 + often, as Septuagint above)—On N. see further Tiele^{Bab.-Assyrian} Gesch, 421 ff., 454 ff.

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נָבוֹת

n.pr.m. a Jezreelite;—I Kings 21:1, I Kings 21:2, I Kings 21:3 + 16 times I Kings 21; II Kings 9:21, II Kings 9:25, II Kings 9:26. Septuagint Ναβουθαι.

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נֹ֫בַח

n.pr.m. et location

m. a Manassite Numbers 32:42, Septuagint Ναβαν.

location in Gilead Judges 8:11, Septuagint Ναβαι, Ναβε(θ); Numbers 32:42 (formerly קְנָת, q.see), Septuagint Ναβωθ.

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נִבְחַז

n.pr.div. god men of Avva, II Kings 17:31; name otherwise unknown, compare Sch^{COT ad location}; SeptuagintB τὴν Ἐβλαζερ, SeptuagintL Ἐβλαιεζερ, A Ἀβααζερ καὶ τὴν Ναιβας; Gesenius' Thesaurus comp. Mand. denom. ܢܒܰܙ = נבאז (Cod. Nasar. Norberg.) Codd. give variant נבחן compare Baer^{ad location} Frensdorff^{Mas. Magna. i. 306}.

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נְבָט

n.pr.m. father of Jerob. I (compare Sab. נבט, נבטאל, see נָבַט above);—only in phrase יָֽרָבְעָם בֶּן־נְבָט I Kings 11:26; I Kings 12:2, I Kings 12:15; I Kings 15:1; I Kings 16:3, I Kings 16:26, I Kings 16:31; I Kings 21:22; I Kings 22:53 II Kings 3:3; II Kings 9:9; II Kings 10:29; II Kings 13:2, II Kings 13:11; II Kings 14:24; II Kings 15:9, II Kings 15:18, II Kings 15:24, II Kings 15:28; II Kings 17:21; II Kings 23:15 II Chronicles 9:29; II Chronicles 10:2, II Chronicles 10:15; II Chronicles 13:6. Septuagint Ναβαθ, Ναβατ.

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נְבָיוֹת

n.pr.gent. (Nab. נבטו = Nabataean and Nabataeans, Eut^{Nab 1, 4} and often, compare נבט of Jewish trad. Noldeke^{ZMG xxv. 1871, 124}, נבט Targum Isaiah 60:7 (on form of name, and on ט = ת compare Lagarde^{BN 51 f.}); in Assyrian Nabaitai, etc., Schr^COT Genesis 25:13;^{KGF 99 ff.} Delitzsch^{Par 296 f.});—as (eldest) son of Ishmael (brother of Kedar) Genesis 25:13; Genesis 28:9; Genesis 36:3 (all P), I Chronicles 1:29; people (‖ Kedar) Isaiah 60:7, compare Nabataei + Cedrei Plin^{Mishnaic Hebrew see 11, 65}; Septuagint Ναβαιωθ; Gk. Ναβαταῖοι.—See further Noldeke^{ZMG xxv. 1871, 122f.} Eut^{Nab p. 78} GASm^{Geogr. 547–629 passive}

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נֵ֫בֶל

noun (masc.) ^{Jeremiah 13:12} 1. skin-bottle, skin; 2. jar, pitcher;—נֵ֫בֶל absolute I Samuel 10:5 +; construct v I Samuel 10:3 + (on נֶבֶל see Baer I Samuel 1, I Samuel 24);—

skin of wine, נֵ֫בֶל יַיִן I Samuel 1:24; I Samuel 10:3 II Samuel 16:1, compare also Jeremiah 13:12^(×2); plural נִבְלֵי יַיִן I Samuel 25:18: figuratively נִבְלֵי שָׁמַיִם Job 38:37 that is clouds (‖ שְׁחָקִים).

earthen jar, pitcher: figuratively of connexions of Eliakim כְּלֵי נְבָלִים Isaiah 22:24; נִבְלֵיהֶם יְנַפֵּ֑צוּ Jeremiah 48:12 (‖ כֵּלִים יָרִוקוּ) in figuratively of Moab (compare Psalms 2:9); נִבְלֵי־חֶרֶשׂ Lamentations 4:2 sim. of men of Judah (‖ מַעֲשֵׂה יְדֵי יוֹצֵר); sim. of destruction of Judah, שֵׁבֶר נֵ֫בֶל יוֹצְרִים Isaiah 30:14.

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נֵ֫בֶל²

noun (masc.) ^{Psalms 57:9} a musical instrument, either a portable harp, or a lute, guitar (with bulging resonance-body at lower end); (perhaps = i. נֵבֶל, and then shape seems to favour lute; perhaps independent word, for example Egyptian loan-word, compare nfr, lute, Wellhausen^{Haupt 222});—absolute נֵ֫בֶל I Samuel 10:5 + 3 times, נֶ֫בֶל Psalms 71:22 + 3 times; נָ֑בֶל Amos 6:5 + 2 times; plural נְבָלִים II Samuel 6:5 + 4 times; with suffix נְבָלֶיךָ Amos 5:23 Isaiah 14:11;—harp (or lute), played at feasts and religious ceremonies, probably less simple, cheap and common than כִּנּוֹר (q.see; often named with נ׳):— as mark of luxury, revelry Amos 5:23; Amos 6:5 Isaiah 14:11, so Isaiah 5:12 (כִּנּוֹר נ׳ תֹּף חָלִיל, also (not in bad sense) I Kings 10:12; played by wandering band of prophets I Samuel 10:5 (list as Isaiah 5:12); in worship II Samuel 6:5; elsewhere only ψψ Chr. always in worship: Psalms 57:9; Psalms 81:3; Psalms 92:4; Psalms 108:3; Psalms 150:3; כְּלִי נֶבֶל Psalms 71:22; נ׳ עָשׂוֹר a harp with ten strings Psalms 33:2; Psalms 144:9; I Chronicles 13:8; I Chronicles 15:16, I Chronicles 15:20, I Chronicles 15:28; I Chronicles 16:5 (כְּלֵי נְבָלִים), I Chronicles 25:1, I Chronicles 25:6 II Chronicles 5:12; II Chronicles 9:11; II Chronicles 20:28; II Chronicles 29:25 Nehemiah 12:27.—Cf. further Benz^{Arch. 273 ff.} Nowack^{Arch. i. 273 ff.} Driver ^{Amos 234 ff.} Wellhausen^{Haupt 222 ff.}

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נָבַל

verb be senseless, foolish (Mishnaic Hebrew נְבָלָה, נַבְלוּת of immodesty; Arabic نَبُلَ = (per contra) be noble, distinguished, نَبَلَ also be gracious (Freytag); Aramaic נְבַל Pa. reject, despise, see Targum Nahum 3:6; Jeremiah 14:21; in deriv. as Mishnaic Hebrew);—

past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular נָבַלְתָּ Proverbs 30:32 if thou hast been foolish in lifting up thyself (opposite וַמּוֹתָ). [Qal = be foolish †Proverbs 30:32 is doubted by Frankenberg Toy (where see various renderings), al., who think text crpt.]

past (עבר) 1st singular with suffix consec. וְנִבַּלְתִּיךְ Nahum 3:6; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיְנַבֵּל Deuteronomy 32:15; 2nd masculine singular תְּנַבֵּל Jeremiah 14:21; participle (בינוני) מִנַבֵּל Micah 7:6;—regard or treat as a נָבָל (q.see), that is with contumely, with a direct object: בֵּן מְנַבֵּל אָב Micah 7:6 son treateth father as a fool (with contumely); וַיְנ׳ צוּר Deuteronomy 32:15 and he treated with contumely the Rock of his salvation (that is י׳; ‖ נטשׁ); י׳ subj., Nahum 3:6 I will treat thee (Nineveh) with contumely (‖ וְהִשְׁלַכְתִּ֫י עָלַיִךְ שִׁקֻּצִים); Jeremiah 14:21 do not treat with contumely the throne of thy glory (‖ נאץ).

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נָבָל

adjective foolish, senseless, especially of the man who has no perception of ethical and religious claims, and with collat. idea of ignoble, disgraceful;—absolute נ׳ II Samuel 3:33 + 14 times; mpl. נְבָלִים II Samuel 13:13 Ezekiel 13:3 (Septuagint Co מִלִּבָּם); fpl. נְבָלוֹת Job 2:10;—senseless, especially of religious and moral insensibility: עַם נ׳ Deuteronomy 32:6 (of Isr., unappreciative of J.’s benefits; opposite חָכָם), so of heathen nation Psalms 74:18 (blaspheming name of י׳), גּוֹי נ׳ Deuteronomy 32:21 (‖ לֹא עָם); הַנְּבִאִים הַנּ׳ Ezekiel 13:3 (si vera l., see above); elsewhere as noun (impious and presumptuous) fool, Isaiah 32:5 (opposite נָדִיב noble-minded), characterized as at once irreligious and churlish, v Isaiah 32:6; denying God Psalms 14:1 = Psalms 53:2; insulting God Psalms 74:22, and God’s servant Psalms 39:9; Proverbs 17:7 arrogant speech becometh not the (impious and presumptuous) fool (whose faults it only makes the more conspicuous), much less do lying lips him that is noble (נדיב), v Proverbs 17:21 (‖ כְּסִיל), Proverbs 30:22 ונבל כי ישׂבע לחם (one of the things under which the earth trembles), בְּנֵי נָבָל Job 30:8 that is ignoble men (‖ בְּנֵי בְלִי־שֵׁם); as one who might be expected to have a contumelious end, הַכְּמוֹת נ׳ ימות אבנר II Samuel 3:33 was Abner (destined) to die, as a נ׳ dieth? of the man who amasses riches unjustly ובאחריתו יהיה נבל Jeremiah 17:11 that is will prove himself to be a נ׳; as acting immorally (with collat. idea of disgracefully) II Samuel 13:13 ואתה תהיה כְּאַחַד הַנְּבָלִים בישׂראל (compare נְבָלָה); f. only in כְּדַבֵּר אַחַת הַנְּבָלוֹת Job 2:10 (of Job’s wife). Cf. Driver Deuteronomy 22:21, Deuteronomy 32:6, Deuteronomy 32:15, Deuteronomy 32:21; ^{Psalt. 457}.

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נָבָל²

n.pr.m. (on popular etymol. see I Samuel 25:25 below);—a churlish man of Carmel, whose widow David married I Samuel 25:3, I Samuel 25:4, I Samuel 25:5, I Samuel 25:9, I Samuel 25:10, I Samuel 25:14, I Samuel 25:19, I Samuel 25:25^(×2) (כִּשְׁמוֹ כֶּן־ה֔וּא נָבָל שְׁמוֹ וּנְבָלָה עִמּוֹ), v I Samuel 25:26 + 10 times 1 S + II Samuel 2:2; II Samuel 3:3. Septuagint Ναβαλ.

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נְבָלָה

noun (fem.) senselessness (as shewn in disregard of moral and religious claims), especially of disgraceful sins; also disgrace;—always absolute נ׳;—

disgraceful folly, especially of sins of unchastity Judges 19:23 (wanton deed GFM), so דְּבַר הַנּ׳ הַזֹּאת v Judges 19:24, II Samuel 13:12; often עָשָׂה נ׳ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל that is do a thing disgraceful according to Isr.’s standard: Genesis 34:7, Deuteronomy 22:21 (compare Driver on meaning of wd.; only here of woman), Judges 20:6 (+ זִמָּה), v Judges 20:10 Jeremiah 29:23 (compare לֹא יֵעָשֶׂה כֵּן בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל II Samuel 13:12); also of inhospitable churlishness I Samuel 25:25 (see i, ii. נָבָל, and especially Isaiah 32:6); of profane action Joshua 7:15 (Achan; עָשָׂה נ׳ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל); of senseless and irreligious language Isaiah 9:16 דֹּבֵר, Isaiah 32:6 (יְדַבֵּר).

contumely, disgrace עֲשׂוֹת עִמָּכֶם נ׳ Job 42:8 (of י׳), that is deal out to you disgrace, expose you and punish you as נְכָלִים (compare II Samuel 3:33, sub נָבָל), because of your utterances about me.

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נָבֵל

verb sink or drop down, languish, wither and fall, fade (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Assyrian nabâlu, destroy, Delitzsch^{HWB 443 f.} Arabic نَبَلَ v, viii. die; Aramaic נְבֵילָא corpse);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נ׳ Isaiah 40:7, Isaiah 40:8 Jeremiah 8:13; 3rd feminine singular נָֽבְלָה Isaiah 24:4^(×2); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִבּוֹל Psalms 1:3 + 4 times (on form compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 47 h Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § § 911 e, 912.2), 2nd masculine singular תִּכֹּל Exodus 18:18; 3rd masculine plural יִבֹּלוּ II Samuel 22:46 = Psalms 18:46, יִבּוֹל֑וּן Psalms 37:2; 1st plural וַנָּ֫בֶל Isaiah 64:5 (on form compare Dillmann and Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 236 e); infinitive (מקור) absolute נָבֹל Exodus 18:18; construct נְבֹל Isaiah 34:4; participle (בינוני) נֹבֵל Isaiah 28:1, Isaiah 28:4; f. נֹבֶ֫לֶת absolute Isaiah 34:4; construct Isaiah 1:30;—

sink or drop down, from exhaustion נָבֹל תִּבֹּל Exodus 18:18 (Moses and Isr.); from discouragement II Samuel 22:46 = Psalms 18:46 (of foreigners, foes of Isr.); of mt. הַר־נֹפֵל יִבּוֹל Job 14:18 (but נָפוֹל יִפּוֹל Lagarde ^{Proph. Chald.} Siegf Baer, after Septuagint, so Budde [or יִבְלֶה]; Duhm נָבוֹל יִבּוֹל).

usually droop like a leaf, or flower wither and fall, fade: כְּאֵלָה נֹבֶ֫לֶת עָלֶ֑הָ Isaiah 1:30 like an oak falling as to its leaves (sim. of people of Jerus.); the host of heaven יִבּוֹל כִּנְבֹל עָלֶה מִגֶּפֶן וּכְנֹבֶלֶת מִתְּאֵנָה Isaiah 34:4; לֹא יִבּ׳ עָלֵהוּ Ezekiel 47:12 (trees in Ezek.’s vision), so figuratively of good man Psalms 1:3; of Isr. Jeremiah 8:13, וַ֫נָּבֶל כֶּעָלֶה Isaiah 64:5; also נָבֵל צִיץ Isaiah 40:7, Isaiah 40:8 (both ‖ יָבֵשׁ חָצִיר), צִיץ נֹבֵל Isaiah 28:1, compare v Isaiah 28:4; of wicked כְּיֶרֶק דֶּשֶׁא יִבּ׳ Psalms 37:2 (‖ כֶּחָצִיר יִמָּ֑לוּ); of devastated earth אָֽבְלָה נָֽבְלָה הָאָרֶץ אֻמְלְלָה נָֽבְלָה תֵּבֵ֑ל Isaiah 24:4.

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נְבֵלָה

noun (fem.) carcass, corpse (as inert, flabby);—נ׳ absolute I Kings 13:24 +; construct נִבְלַת v I Kings 13:29 +; with suffix נְבֵלָתִי Isaiah 26:19; נִבְלָֽתְךָ Deuteronomy 28:26 I Kings 13:22; נִבְלָתוֹ Joshua 8:29 + 6 times; נִבְלָתָהּ Leviticus 11:39, Leviticus 11:40^(×2); נִבְלָתָם Isaiah 5:25 + 14 times;—carcass, corpse:

human (not in Ez P,, which use פֶּגֶר); Joshua 8:29, I Kings 13:22, I Kings 13:24^(×2), I Kings 13:25^(×2), I Kings 13:28^(×3), I Kings 13:29, I Kings 13:30 II Kings 9:37 Jeremiah 26:23; Jeremiah 36:30 Deuteronomy 21:23; Deuteronomy 28:26; coll. corpses Isaiah 5:25; Isaiah 26:19 (wish for restoration to life), Jeremiah 7:33; Jeremiah 9:21; Jeremiah 16:4; Jeremiah 19:7; Jeremiah 34:20 Psalms 79:2.

of lifeless idols, coll. נִבְלַת שִׁקּוּצֵיהֶם וגו׳ Jeremiah 16:18.

of animals (clean and unclean, wild animals, cattle, birds and reptiles, chiefly Lv Ez), Deuteronomy 14:8; Leviticus 5:2^(×3) Leviticus 11:8, Leviticus 11:11, Leviticus 11:24, Leviticus 11:25, Leviticus 11:27, Leviticus 11:28, Leviticus 11:35, Leviticus 11:36, Leviticus 11:37, Leviticus 11:38; Leviticus 17:15 (all P); נ׳ specif. = body of animal dying of itself Deuteronomy 14:21; Leviticus 7:24; Leviticus 11:39, Leviticus 11:40^(×2), Leviticus 22:8, Ezekiel 4:14; Ezekiel 44:31.

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נְבַלָּ֑ט

n.pr.location place where Benjamites dwelt Nehemiah 11:34. SeptuagintL Ναβαλατ. Mod. Beit Nebâlâ, 6 m. NE. from Lydda, according to Gutheérin^{Sam. ii. 67 f.}; Mishn. בית נבלטא Buhl^{Gesenius 12; Geogr. 197}.

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נָבַע

verb flow, spring, bubble up, poet. and late (Mishnaic Hebrew the same (rare); Assyrian nabû, the same, Delitzsch^{HWB 442}; Arabic نَبَعَ well or issue forth (of water); Aramaic ܢܒܰܥ, נְבַע; Ethiopic ነብዐ ii. weep, አንብዕ tear(s));—

participle (בינוני) נַ֫חַל נֹבֵעַ Proverbs 18:4 a flowing wady, metaphorically of מְקוֹר חָכְמָה.

future (עתיד) יַבִּיעַ Psalms 19:3 + 3 times; אַבִּ֫יעָה Psalms 78:2 Proverbs 1:23; יַבִּ֫יעוּ Psalms 94:4; Psalms 145:7; יַבִּיעוּן Psalms 59:8; Psalms 59:3 fpl. תַּבַּ֫עְנָה Psalms 119:171;— pour out, emit, cause to bubble, belch forth:

pour out, figuratively אַבִּיעָה לָכֶם רוּחִי Proverbs 1:23 (‖ אוֹדִ֫יעָה דְבָרַי אֶתְכֶם).

cause to bubble, ferment זְבוּבֵי מָ֫וֶת יַבְאִישׁ יַבִּיעַ שֶׁמֶן רוֹקֵ֑חַ Ecclesiastes 10:1.

figuratively, usually of speech, pour forth, emit, belch forth, emphat. expression: פִּי רְשָׁעִים יַבִּיעַ רָעוֹת Proverbs 15:28 (opposite לֵב צַדִּיק יֶהְגֶּה לַעֲנוֹת) that is the righteous considers before he speaks, the wicked bursts out with reckless utterance; פִּי כְסִילִים יַבִּיעַ אִוֶּלֶת Proverbs 15:2 (opposite לְשׁוֹן חֲכָמִים תֵּיטִיב דָּ֑עַת); יַבִּ֫יעוּ יְדַבְּרוּ עָתָק Psalms 94:4 (‖ יִתְאַמְּרוּ כָּל־פֹּעֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן); יַבּ׳ בְּפִיהֶם Psalms 59:8 (‖ חֲרָבוֹת בְּשִׂפְתוֹתֵיהֶם); in good sense, אַבִּ֫יעָה חִידוֹת Psalms 78:2 (‖ אֶפְתְּחָה בְּמָשָׁל פִּי); תַּבַּעְנָה שְׂפָתַי תְּהִלָּה Psalms 119:171; זֵכֶר רַב־טוּבְךָ יַבִּ֑יעוּ Psalms 145:7 (‖ וְצִדְקָֽתְךָ יְרַנֵּ֑נוּ, compare also v Psalms 94:6); metaphorically יוֹם לְיוֹם יַבּ׳ אֹמֶר Psalms 19:3, that is though silent, it really pours forth speech.

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נֶ֫גֶב

n.[m.] south-country, Negeb, south (compare Lagarde^{BN 78});—נ׳ absolute Genesis 20:1 +; construct Joshua 11:2 +; נֶ֫גְבָּה Genesis 13:14 +;—

south-country, that is

specif. the region S. of Judah, boundaries not exactly defined (see cities in it Joshua 15:21-32), but c. from hills S. of Hebron to Ḳadesh, אֶרֶץ הַנּ׳ Genesis 20:1, Genesis 24:62, Numbers 13:29, Judges 1:15 Joshua 15:19; alm. = n.pr. הַנּ׳, הַנֶּ֫גְבָּה, Genesis 12:9; Genesis 13:1 Numbers 13:17, Numbers 13:22; Numbers 21:1 (all J), Deuteronomy 34:3, Deuteronomy 1:7 Joshua 10:40; Joshua 11:16; Joshua 12:8 (all D), Numbers 33:40 Joshua 15:21 (both P), Judges 1:9 I Samuel 20:41 (but read הָאַרְגָּב, that is the mound Septuagint (ἀργαβ) Th Wellhausen Klostermann Driver Kittel Budde HPS), Jeremiah 13:19; Jeremiah 17:26; Jeremiah 32:44; Jeremiah 33:13 Zechariah 7:7 Obadiah 1:20 Psalms 126:4 (sim.), Ezekiel 21:3 (= Judah); נ׳ (no art.) Genesis 13:3, I Samuel 30:1, Isaiah 30:6 (compare Dillmann); of particular districts in the Negeb: נ׳ עֲרָד Judges 1:16 (compare GFM), נ׳ יהוּדָה etc. I Samuel 27:10^(×3) (compare Driver), I Samuel 30:14^(×2) II Samuel 24:7 II Chronicles 28:18; see also Zechariah 14:10; רָמַת נ׳ Joshua 19:8, רָמוֹת נ׳ I Samuel 30:27; coll. c. plural verb = people of south-land Obadiah 1:19.

land S. of Babylon Isaiah 21:1 (compare Dillmann).

= Egypt Daniel 11:5, Daniel 11:6, Daniel 11:9, Daniel 11:11, Daniel 11:14, Daniel 11:15, Daniel 11:25^(×2), Daniel 11:29, Daniel 11:40 (see Meinh Bev Behrm, compare v Daniel 11:43).

hence south (opposite N., E., W.) Genesis 13:14; Genesis 28:14 (both J), Joshua 17:10, I Kings 7:25 = II Chronicles 4:4, I Chronicles 9:24; I Chronicles 26:15, I Chronicles 26:17 (compare v I Chronicles 26:14, I Chronicles 26:16, I Chronicles 26:18), Ezekiel 21:3, Ezekiel 21:9 Daniel 8:4, Daniel 8:9, further I Kings 7:39 Zechariah 14:4; פְּאַת נֶ֫גְבָּה תֵּימָ֫נָה Exodus 26:18, compare Exodus 27:9; Exodus 36:23; Exodus 38:9; Exodus 40:24 (of S. side of tabernacle); שַׁ֫עַר נ׳ Ezekiel 46:9^(×2); פְּאַת נ׳ south side or border Numbers 34:3; Numbers 35:5 Joshua 18:15 (all P), Ezekiel 47:19, compare v Ezekiel 47:19 Ezekiel 48:16, Ezekiel 48:28, Ezekiel 48:33; גְּבוּל נ׳ south boundary Numbers 34:3 Joshua 15:2, Joshua 15:4; Joshua 18:19 (all P), compare מִנֶּ֫גֶב לְ (הַגְּבוּל) on the south of Numbers 34:4^(×2) Joshua 15:3 (אֶל־מִנּ׳ לְ), v Joshua 15:3, Joshua 15:7; Joshua 18:13 (all P), Judges 21:19; מִנּ׳ absolute on the south Joshua 18:5, Joshua 19:34, I Samuel 14:5 Ezekiel 40:2; כֶּ֫תֶף הַיְבוּסִי מִנּ׳ Joshua 15:8, compare Joshua 18:13, Joshua 18:16 (all P); נֶ֫גְבָּה Joshua 15:1, Joshua 15:2; Joshua 18:14^(×2), Joshua 18:19 (all P), II Chronicles 4:10 Ezekiel 21:2 (Co; ℌ נגב), Ezekiel 48:10, Ezekiel 48:17; נֶ֫גְבָּה לְ Joshua 17:9.—For נ׳ כִּנְּרוֹת Ezekiel 11:2 read נֶגֶד (Septuagint Dillmann).

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נָגַד

verb be conspicuous (Mishnaic Hebrew in deriv.; Phoenician n.pr.m. נגד; Arabic نَجَدَ conquer, overcome, also be apparent, conspicuous; نَجْدٌ high land or country; نَجُدَ be courageous, vigorous, effective, نَجِدٌ courageous, efficient; Aramaic ܢܓܰܕ, נְגַד drag, draw, lead; ܢܳܓܽܘܕܳܐ, נָגוֹדָא leader; Ethiopic ነገደ: is travel);—

past (עבר) הִגִּיד Genesis 3:11 +, 3rd feminine singular הִגִּ֫ידָה I Samuel 25:19 +, הִגַּדְתָּ Genesis 12:8 +, etc.; future (עתיד) יַגִּיד I Samuel 9:6 +; וַיַּגֵּד Genesis 9:22 +; with suffix יַגִּידֶ֫הָ Isaiah 44:7; יַגִּדָהּ Jeremiah 9:11; יַגֵּֽדְךָ Deuteronomy 32:7 (juss.), etc.; imperative (ציווי) הַגֵּד II Samuel 18:21 +; הַגִּ֫ידָה Genesis 29:15 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַגֵּד Judges 14:12 + 2 times; הַגִּיד Jeremiah 36:16; construct לְהַגִּיד Genesis 32:6 +; לגיד II Kings 9:15 Kt. (Qr לְהַגּ׳); participle (בינוני) מַגִּיד Genesis 41:24; +; f. מַגֶּ֫דֶת Esther 2:20; plural construct מַגִּידֵי Judges 14:19;—declare, tell [usually followed by לְ of indir. obj. Genesis 3:11 + often; ins. also I Samuel 12:7 II Samuel 13:34 Septuagint Th Wellhausen Klostermann Driver Kittel Budde, so HPS II Samuel 13:34 (I Samuel 12:7 he following ℌ as more diff.); followed by אֶל Exodus 19:9 I Samuel 3:15; followed by לִפְנֵי I Samuel 17:31 Psalms 142:3; עַל־פָּנָיו Job 21:31; בְּאָזְנֵי Jeremiah 36:20; followed by בְּ location (instead of indir. obj.) chiefly proph. Jeremiah 4:5; Jeremiah 5:20; Jeremiah 31:10 +; also I Samuel 4:13 II Samuel 1:20 II Kings 9:15 Micah 1:10; rarely followed by direct object person II Samuel 15:31 (but read וּלְדָוִד הִגִּיד HPS (indef. subj.), or ולד׳ הֻגַּד Wellhausen Driver Kittel, Septuagint Vulgate Th Klostermann Budde favour הֻגַּד), II Kings 7:9, II Kings 7:11 Ezekiel 43:10 Job 17:5; Job 26:4; Job 31:37; followed by dir. obj. in direct object Genesis 45:13 + often; followed by cl. wi. כִּי Genesis 3:11 + often; followed by cl. wi. אֲשֶׁר = כִּי (late) Esther 3:4; Esther 6:2; followed by cl. wi. מָה Genesis 29:15 Judges 16:15 Esther 8:1 +; followed by cl. wi. מִי II Kings 6:11; followed by cl. wi. אֵיכָה Song of Songs 1:7, once followed by cl. wi. הֲ Genesis 43:6, etc.; often no dir. obj., followed by לֵאמֹר Exodus 13:8 I Samuel 25:14 +; followed by וַיֹּאמֶר Genesis 47:1 +; אמר then following by orat. rect.; הִגּ׳ alone followed by orat. rect. Zechariah 9:12; followed by עַל concerning, I Samuel 27:11 Esther 6:2; often indir. obj. om. I Samuel 24:19 +; dir. obj. om. Judges 13:10 +; both om. Leviticus 5:1 +]. In Hex. rarely P, †Leviticus 5:1; Leviticus 14:35 Exodus 16:22†; J, Genesis 3:11; Genesis 12:18 Exodus 13:8 + 18 times; E, Genesis 21:6; Genesis 31:20; Genesis 41:25 + 15 times; D, Deuteronomy 17:9; Deuteronomy 26:3; Deuteronomy 30:18 + 5 times;—

tell, announce, report, usually human subj. Genesis 9:22; Genesis 24:23; Genesis 32:6 Leviticus 14:35 Judges 13:6 I Samuel 3:18 I Kings 1:23 Nehemiah 2:12 Esther 2:10^(×2) Job 12:7 Psalms 142:3 Isaiah 19:12 Jeremiah 5:20 Ezekiel 24:19 +

declare, make known, expound, especially of something before not understood, concealed or mysterious, Genesis 3:11; Genesis 12:18, etc.; I Kings 10:3 = II Chronicles 9:2; a riddle Judges 14:12, Judges 14:15, Judges 14:16^(×3), Judges 14:19; dream Daniel 2:2; secret Job 11:6, etc.; of י׳ as revealing, Genesis 41:25 II Samuel 7:11 II Kings 4:27 Micah 6:8 Jeremiah 42:3 Psalms 147:19; of declaring by י׳’s agents Deuteronomy 5:5 Micah 3:8 I Samuel 15:16 II Samuel 24:13 Jeremiah 50:28 Isaiah 58:1; by divin. Hosea 4:12.

inform of (play the informer concerning) Joshua 2:14, Joshua 2:20 Jeremiah 20:10 Job 17:5 Leviticus 5:1 Proverbs 29:24.

publish, declare, proclaim, especially of proclaiming wisdom, power, loving-kindness, etc., of י׳ (especially ψψ): Psalms 9:12; Psalms 22:32; Psalms 51:17; Psalms 92:3, Psalms 92:16; Psalms 145:4 +, subj. heavens Psalms 19:2; Psalms 50:6; Psalms 97:6; Isaiah 42:12; Isaiah 57:12.

avow, acknowledge, confess: Isaiah 3:9 Psalms 38:19, compare Isaiah 48:6.—participle (בינוני) = messenger II Samuel 15:13 Jeremiah 51:31^(×2) compare הַנַּ֫עַר הַמַּגִּיד II Samuel 1:5, II Samuel 1:6, II Samuel 1:13; הָאִישׁ הַמּ׳ II Samuel 18:11.

past (עבר) הֻגַּד Joshua 9:24 +; future (עתיד) וַיֻּגַּד Genesis 22:20 +; infinitive (מקור) absolute הֻגֵּד Joshua 9:24 Ruth 2:11;—be told, announced, reported, always followed by לְ (sometimes impers., logical subj. in direct object, compare Genesis 27:42 II Samuel 21:11, c. feminine Isaiah 21:2; not in P): Genesis 27:42, Genesis 31:22, Deuteronomy 17:4 Joshua 9:24^(×2), Ruth 2:11^(×2) Judges 9:25 II Samuel 10:17; II Samuel 19:2; II Samuel 21:11 I Kings 10:7; I Kings 18:13 I Chronicles 19:17 II Chronicles 9:6 Isaiah 21:2; Isaiah 40:21; followed by לֵאמר Genesis 22:20; Genesis 38:13, Genesis 38:24 (all J), Joshua 10:17, I Samuel 15:12; I Samuel 19:19 II Samuel 6:12 I Kings 1:51 II Kings 6:13; II Kings 8:7 Isaiah 7:2; followed by cl. with כִּי Exodus 14:5, Judges 9:47 I Samuel 23:7, I Samuel 23:13; I Samuel 27:4 I Kings 2:29, I Kings 2:41.

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נֶ֫גֶד

noun what is conspicuous or in front, always as adverb or preposition in front of, in sight of, opposite to, נֶ֑גֶד, construct נֶגֶד, with suffix נֶגְדִּי Psalms 38:11 +, נֶגְדְּךָ Psalms 38:10 +, etc.; with ה location נֶ֫גְדָּה †Psalms 116:14, Psalms 116:18;—

as adverb accus. in front of,

locally (rather stronger and distincter than לִפְנֵי), (a) Genesis 31:32 נֶגֶד אַחֵינוּ הַכֶּר־נָא in front of our brethren own it, now, v Genesis 31:37 Genesis 47:15 ולמה נמות נגדך why should we die in thy sight? Exodus 19:2 Isr. encamped נגד ההר in front of the mountain, Exodus 34:10 נגד כל־עמך אעשׂה נִפְלָאֹת before, in sight of, all thy people (compare Psalms 78:12), Joshua 3:16 the people passed over נגד ירחו in front of J., I Kings 20:27, etc.; Nehemiah 3:23 in front of their house, v Exodus 34:29; (כל) נגד ישׂראל Deuteronomy 31:11 Joshua 8:35 I Samuel 15:30 II Samuel 12:12 +; I Kings 21:13 testify נֶגֶד הָעָם; נגד י׳ I Samuel 12:3; I Samuel 16:6 אַךְ נֶגֶד י׳ מְשִׁיחוֹ, so נֶגְדִּי Psalms 89:37, נֶגְדּוֹ Psalms 18:13; נגד השׁמשׁ Numbers 25:4 II Samuel 12:12; Psalms 22:26 נ׳ יראיו, Psalms 52:11 so poet. נֶגְדָּה לְ Psalms 116:14, Psalms 116:18); hostilely, Job 10:17; with collat. idea of to the mortification of, Psalms 23:5; Psalms 31:20, compare Joel 1:16; with collat. idea of being open or known to, Proverbs 15:11 שׁאול ואבדון נגד י׳, Job 26:6; Psalms 38:10 נגדך כל־תאותי (‖ ממך לא נסתרה), Psalms 69:20 (‖ יָדַעְתָּ), Psalms 119:168; Psalms 138:1 Isaiah 59:12; so נֶגֶד פָּנַי הָיוּ Hosea 7:2. (b) with reflex. with suffix, and verb of motion, to go in front of oneself, that is straightforward, Joshua 6:5 ועלו העם אישׁ נגדו each straightforward, v Joshua 6:20 Amos 4:3 Jeremiah 31:39 Nehemiah 12:37, compare Proverbs 4:25.

mentally, = vividly present to, Psalms 38:18 ומכאובי נגדי תמיד, Psalms 44:16; Psalms 51:5 וחטאתי נגדי תמיד, Psalms 109:15 נ׳ י׳ (remembered by): nearly = בְּעֵינָיו, כְּאַיִן נֶגְדּוֹ Isaiah 40:17 Psalms 39:6; so וְנ׳ פְּנֵיהֶם נְבוֹנִים Isaiah 5:21. But Exodus 10:10 כי רעה נגד פניכם before your face is = in your view, or purpose (compare לא אשׁית לְנֶגֶד עֵינַי דבר־בליעל Psalms 101:3).

With preps.:

†כְּנֶגֶד according to what is in front of = corresponding to, note that in Mishnaic Hebrew כְּנֶגֶד = in front of, Ber 4:5; 9:5 Ab 2:10, מכנגד פני Git 7:7 al. Genesis 2:18 אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־לּוֹ עֵזֶר כְּנֶגְדּוֹ a help corresponding to him that is equal and adequate to himself, v Genesis 2:20 among the animals there was no עֵזֶר כְּנֶגְדּוֹ.

לְנֶגֶד in front of, before, Genesis 33:12 וְאֵֽלְכָה לְנֶגְדֶּ֑ךָ, Numbers 22:32 II Kings 1:13 fell on his knees לנגד אליהו, Isaiah 1:7 your ground לנגדכם זרים אֹכלים אותהּ; with עָמַד Joshua 5:13 Daniel 8:15; Daniel 10:16, in a hostile sense v Daniel 10:13, compare Proverbs 21:30; in the sight or presence of, Habakkuk 1:3 וְשֹׁד וְחָמָס לְנֶגְדִּי, Psalms 39:2 בעוד רשׁע לנגדי, Psalms 50:8 ועולתיך לנגדי תמיד, Nehemiah 3:37; opposite to (probably of opposite choirs), Nehemiah 12:9, Nehemiah 12:24; = parallel to, I Chronicles 5:11; = over, for, a business (peculiar) Nehemiah 11:22; figuratively of what is visible morally, Psalms 18:23 כי כל משׁפטיו לנגדי (‖ לֹא אָסִיר מֶנִּי), with to set or place Psalms 16:8; Psalms 54:5 לא שׂמו אלהים לנגדם (compare Psalms 86:14), Psalms 90:8; often in the phrase לְנֶגֶד עֵינֵי …, both literally, as Job 4:16 תְּמוּנָה לנ׳ עֵינָ֑י, Psalms 5:6 לא יתיצבו הוללים לנ׳ עיניך (compare Psalms 101:7); and in a moral sense, Psalms 18:25 כְּבֹר ידי לנ׳ עיניו, Psalms 26:3 כי חסדך לנ׳ עיני that is is ever present to my mind, Psalms 36:2 אין פחד אלהים לנ׳ עיניו that is he has no eye to discern God’s awe-inspiring judgments (compare Psalms 10:5); with לא אשׁית that is have in view, purpose (‖ שׂנאתי) Psalms 101:3.

†מִנֶּגֶד (a) adverb off (מִן 1 c) the front, in front, opposite, ex adverso, Genesis 21:16 ותשׁב להּ מנגד sat her down opposite, v Genesis 21:16, II Kings 2:7; Deuteronomy 28:66 והיו חייך תלואים לך מנגד shall be hung up for thee in front (that is suspended, as by a thread, in front of thee); Judges 9:17 וישׁלך נפשׁו מנגד and flung away his life in front or straight away (that is hazarded it); = some way off, from or at a distance, Numbers 2:2 Deuteronomy 32:52 כי מִנֶּגֶד תראה את הארץ, II Kings 2:15 וַיִּרְאֻהוּ מנ׳ at a distance, II Kings 3:22; II Kings 4:25; aloof, II Samuel 18:13 ואתה תתיצב מנגד, Obadiah 1:11. (b) as a preposition (α) from the front of, away from, Song of Songs 6:5 הָסֵבִּי עֵינַיִךְ מִנֶּגְדִּי, I Samuel 26:20 אל־יפֹל דמי ארצה מנ׳ פני י׳; מנגד עיני from before the eyes of, with verbs of removing Isaiah 1:16, cutting off Psalms 31:23 Jonah 2:5, hiding Amos 9:3 Jeremiah 16:17. (β) opposite to, Nehemiah 3:19, Nehemiah 3:25, Nehemiah 3:27; at a distance from, Psalms 10:5 מרום משׁפטיך מנגדי, Psalms 38:12 מנגד נגעי יעמדו. (γ) מִנֶּגֶד לְ from before, Proverbs 14:7, in front of Judges 20:34.

†עַד נֶגֶד as far as the front of, Nehemiah 3:16, Nehemiah 3:26.

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נָגִיד

noun (masc.) leader (literally probably one in front), ruler, prince;—absolute נ׳ I Samuel 9:16 + 31 times; construct נְגִיד (נְגִד) II Kings 20:5 + 6 times; plural נְגִידִים Job 29:10 + 3 times; נְגִידֵי II Chronicles 35:8;—ruler, prince Psalms 76:13 Proverbs 28:16 Job 29:10; Job 31:37 (in sim.). Especially

of king of Isr.: of Saul מָשַׁח לְנ׳ עַל (+ direct object person), I Samuel 9:16 (subj. proph.), compare of Sol., subj. people, I Chronicles 29:22; I Samuel 10:1 (subj. י׳); of David צִוָּהוּ לְנ׳ עַל I Samuel 13:14; I Samuel 25:30, צִוָּהוּ נ׳ עַל II Samuel 6:21 (in these י׳ subj.), היה לנ׳ על II Samuel 5:2, היה נ׳ על II Samuel 7:8 I Chronicles 11:2; I Chronicles 17:7; compare also I Chronicles 5:2 II Chronicles 6:5; of David also נָתַן נ׳ לְ׳ Isaiah 55:4; of Sol. צִוָּה אֹתוֹ לִהְיוֹת נ׳ על I Kings 1:35 (י׳ subj.); of Jerob. נתן נ׳ על (+ direct object person) I Kings 14:7 (י׳ subj.); so I Kings 16:2 of Baasha; of Hezekiah נְ׳ עַמִּי II Kings 20:5; הֶעֱמִיד לְנ׳ בְּאֶחָיו (+ direct object person) II Chronicles 11:22 (of Abijah, subj. Rehob.); of Judah I Chronicles 28:4.

of a foreign ruler or prince Ezekiel 28:2 Daniel 9:25, Daniel 9:26.

the title of some high official connected with the temple Jeremiah 20:1 (of Pashḥur) וְהוּא פָקִיד נָגִיד בבית י׳ and he was prince-overseer in, etc. (for פ׳ see Jeremiah 29:26); hence נ׳ בית האלהים I Chronicles 9:11 II Chronicles 31:13; II Chronicles 35:8 (three נגידי ב׳ ה׳, including the high-priest), Nehemiah 11:11; of high-priest Daniel 11:22 נ׳ בְּרִית.

ruler in other capacities (late): of tribe I Chronicles 27:16 II Chronicles 19:11; of Ḳoraḥites II Chronicles 9:20; of Aaronite warriors I Chronicles 12:28; of division of army I Chronicles 13:1; I Chronicles 27:4 II Chronicles 11:11 (commandant of fortress), II Chronicles 32:21 (in Assyrian army: ‖ שַׂר); of temple-treasuries I Chronicles 26:24, compare II Chronicles 31:12; נ׳ הבית II Chronicles 28:7 (that is of palace?).

princely things, plural abstr. Proverbs 8:6.

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נָגַהּ

verb shine (Assyrian nagû, shine, beam, be joyful, Delitzsch^{HWB 446}; Ethiopic ነግሀ: Aramaic ܢܓܰܗ; Mishnaic Hebrew Targum נוֹגְהָא planet Venus)—

past (עבר) ועל־דרכיך נ׳ אוֹר Job 22:28; אור נ׳ עליהם Isaiah 9:1; future (עתיד) ולא־יִגַּהּ שְׁבִיב אִשּׁוֹ Job 18:5.

future (עתיד)

enlighten ויהוה יַגִּיהַּ חָשְׁכִּי II Samuel 22:29 = יהוה אלהי יַגִּהַּ חשׁכי Psalms 18:29.

cause to shine (of moon) וְיָרֵחַ לא־יַגִּיהַּ אוֹרוֹ׃ Isaiah 13:10 (‖ חָשַׁך).

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נֹ֫גַהּ

noun (fem.) ^{Hb 3:4} (?) brightness;—נ׳ absolute Amos 5:20 +; construct Isaiah 4:5 +; with suffix נָגְהָם Joel 2:10; Joel 4:15;—brightness of a (clear, sunshiny) day Amos 5:20 (‖ אוֹר; opposite אָפֵל, חֹשֶׁךְ), II Samuel 23:4 (מִמָּטָר after rain); so figuratively of Zion’s dawning, נ׳ זַרְחֵךְ Isaiah 60:3 (‖ אוֹר); of her righteousness כַּנֹּגַהּ Isaiah 62:1 (c. art. only here and Ezekiel 1:28), ‖ כְּלַפִּיד יִבְעָ֑ר; of moon Isaiah 60:19, of stars Joel 2:10; Joel 4:15; of theophany II Samuel 22:13 = Psalms 18:13 (in storm); compare Ezekiel 1:4, Ezekiel 1:27, Ezekiel 1:28, נ׳ כְּבוֹד י׳ Ezekiel 10:4; נ׳ כאור Habakkuk 3:4; נ׳ לָאֵשׁ Ezekiel 1:13, נ׳ אֵשׁ לֶהָבָה Isaiah 4:5; נ׳ בְּרַק חֲנִיתֶ֑ךָ Habakkuk 3:11 (of glitter of י׳’s spear; ‖ אוֹר חִצֶּיךָ); of individ., וְאֵין נ׳ לוֹ Isaiah 50:10 (figuratively of distress ‖ חֲשֵׁכִים); so וְאֹרַח צַדִּיקִים כְּאוֹר נ׳ Proverbs 4:18 the path of righteous men is like a light of brightness.

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נֹ֫גַהּ²

n.pr.m. a son of David according to I Chronicles 3:7; I Chronicles 14:6. Septuagint Ναγαι, Ναγεθ, etc.

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נַגָּח

adjective addicted to goring, pred. of שׁוֹר Exodus 21:29, Exodus 21:36, compare Barth^{NB 49}.

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נָגַן

verb touch (strings), play a stringed instrument (Mishnaic Hebrew Pi.; Aramaic נְגַן Pa.);—

participle (בינוני) נֹגְנִים Psalms 68:26 players (‖ שָׁרִים, עֲלָמוֹת תּוֹפֵפוֹת).

past (עבר) וְנִגֵּן I Samuel 16:16 (consec.), v I Samuel 16:23; future (עתיד) 1st plural נְנַגֵּן Isaiah 38:20; infinitive (מקור) construct נַגֵּן I Samuel 16:17 + 5 times; participle (בינוני) מְנַגֵּן I Samuel 16:16 + 4 times;—play בַּכִּנּוֹר I Samuel 16:16; בְּיָדוֹ v I Samuel 16:16, I Samuel 16:23 (כִּנּוֹר in context), I Samuel 18:10; I Samuel 19:9; with a direct object cogn. Isaiah 38:20; in sim. מֵטִב נַגֵּן Ezekiel 33:32 (‖ שִׁיר עֲגָבִים יְפֵה־קוֹל); אִישׁ מֵיטִיב לְנ׳ I Samuel 16:17, compare Psalms 33:3 Isaiah 23:16 (both ‖ שִׁיר), יָדַע נ׳ I Samuel 16:18; also II Kings 3:15; participle (בינוני) = player, minstrel (compare Qal) II Kings 3:15^(×2); compare also אִישׁ יֹדֵעַ מְנַגֵּן בַּכִּנּוֹר I Samuel 16:16 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 120 b).

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נָגַע

verb touch, reach, strike (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic نَجَعَ is agree with one (of food), produce effect; Aramaic נְגַע Ithpa. be struck (sc. w. leprosy), compare Pi. below);—

past (עבר) נ׳ Genesis 32:33 +; נָֽגְעָה Judges 20:41 +; 1st plural with suffix נְגַעֲנוּךָ Genesis 26:29; future (עתיד) יִגַּע Leviticus 5:3 +; וַיִּגַּע Genesis 32:26 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) גַּע Psalms 144:5 + 2 times; infinitive (מקור) construct נְגֹעַ, לִנְגּוֹעַ Genesis 20:6 + 3 times; גַּ֫עַת II Samuel 14:10 Ezekiel 17:10; with suffix נָגְעֵךְ Ruth 2:9, etc.; participle (בינוני) active נֹגֵעַ I Kings 19:5 +; נֹגְעִים Jeremiah 12:14; f. נֹגַ֫עַת Numbers 19:22 + 2 times; plural נֹגְעֹת I Kings 6:27; passive נָגוּעַ Psalms 73:14; Isaiah 53:4;—

touch, usually followed by בְּ Genesis 3:3, Genesis 31:26, Genesis 31:33; Exodus 19:12^(×2), Exodus 19:13 (all E), Exodus 29:37; Exodus 30:29, Leviticus 5:2, Leviticus 5:3 + 25 times Lv; Numbers 16:26 + 7 times Nu + Numbers 19:22 (no בְּ or obj.), Deuteronomy 14:8; Judges 6:21; II Samuel 23:7; I Kings 6:27^(×2), I Kings 19:5, I Kings 19:7; II Kings 13:21 Esther 5:2; Daniel 8:5, Daniel 8:18; Daniel 10:10, Daniel 10:18; Lamentations 4:14; followed by אֶל־ Haggai 2:12; Numbers 4:15; I Kings 6:27; Daniel 9:21, compare Hosea 4:2; followed by עַל־פֶּה Isaiah 6:7; עַל־שָׂפָה Daniel 10:16; followed by direct object Isaiah 52:11; absolute (no obj. expr.) Job 6:7 Lamentations 4:15.

of י׳ touching earth, mountains, etc., followed by בְּ Amos 9:5 Psalms 104:32; Psalms 144:5; figuratively of י׳ touching the heart, followed by בְּ I Samuel 10:26.

nearly = strike, passive stricken, Psalms 73:14; Isaiah 53:4 (‖ מֻכֶּה), of wind Job 1:19; Ezekiel 17:10; of divine chastisement I Samuel 6:9 Job 1:11; Job 19:21; followed by אֶל Job 2:5.

touch = harm, followed by בְּ, Genesis 26:11, Joshua 9:19; II Samuel 14:10; I Chronicles 16:22 (‖ הָרֵעַ) = Psalms 105:15, Jeremiah 12:14; Zechariah 2:12^(×2); followed by אֶל־ Genesis 20:6 (touch a woman), so Proverbs 6:29 (followed by בְּ); followed by direct object Genesis 26:29 (J, with suffix), so Ruth 2:9; see also Job 5:19 (subj. רַע, followed by בְּ), Judges 20:34, Judges 20:41 (both subj. רָעָה, followed by עַל־).

reach, extend to, II Samuel 5:8, followed by בְּ (but crpt. see Driver HPS); in metaphorically, followed by עַד of vine Isaiah 16:8; Jeremiah 48:32; of sword Jeremiah 4:10, compare v Jeremiah 4:18; of chastisement Micah 1:9, compare Job 4:5 (‖ בּוֹא אֶל־); also (followed by אֶל) Jeremiah 51:9; = come, followed by אֶל־ Jonah 3:6; arrive (of time), absolute Ezra 3:1; Nehemiah 7:72.

future (עתיד) וַיִּנָּֽגְעוּ Joshua 8:15 be stricken, defeated (in battle), that is feign to be so, but read probably וַיִּנָּֽגְפוּ, see נגף Niph.

past (עבר) with suffix נִגְּעוֹ II Chronicles 26:20 strike (with leprosy, 2 direct object), subj. י׳; so future (עתיד) וַיְנַגַּע II Kings 15:5; Genesis 12:17 (subj. י׳; direct object person + direct object cogn.).

future (עתיד) יְנֻגָּע֑וּ be stricken by diseases (?; compare Pi. and נֶגַע 2. 3. especially II Samuel 7:14) Psalms 73:5.

past (עבר) הִגִּיעַ Isaiah 25:12 + 6 times; 2nd feminine singular הִגַּ֫עַתְּ Esther 4:14; 1st singular with suffix וְהִגַּעְתִּ֫יהוּ Ezekiel 13:14, etc.; future (עתיד) יַגִּיעַ Isaiah 8:8 + 3 times; וַיַּגַּע Isaiah 6:7; Jeremiah 1:9, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct הַגִּיעַ Esther 2:12, Esther 2:15; participle (בינוני) מַגִּיעַ Genesis 28:12 +; f. מַגַּ֫עַת II Chronicles 3:11;—cause to touch; reach, approach, arrive:

cause to touch, apply, Exodus 12:22 (JE; מִדָּם, אֶל־); cause to touch (followed by עַד עָפָר, לָאָרֶץ), that is bring to ground, Isaiah 25:12; Isaiah 26:5, compare Lamentations 2:2, Ezekiel 13:14 (followed by אֶל־), Exodus 4:25 (J; followed by לְרַגְלָיו); followed by עַל־פֶּה Isaiah 6:7; Jeremiah 1:9; followed by בְּ Isaiah 5:8.

intr. reach, extend, Genesis 28:12 (followed by ָה location); followed by אֶל־ Zechariah 14:5, followed by עַד Isaiah 8:8; compare תַּגּ׳ יָדוֹ דֵּי שֶׂה Leviticus 5:7 if his hand do not reach enough for a lamb (that is he be not able to furnish a lamb); followed by לְ Job 20:6 (hyperb.) II Chronicles 3:11^(×2), II Chronicles 3:12; followed by עַד לְ II Chronicles 28:9; attain, followed by לְ Esther 4:14, arrive, come, followed by direct object location Isaiah 30:4 Esther 4:3; Esther 8:17, followed by לְ (of time) Daniel 12:12, followed by אֶל־ I Samuel 14:9, followed by עַד־ Psalms 107:18, absolute Esther 6:14; followed by אֵצֶל Daniel 8:7.

approach, of time, absolute Ecclesiastes 12:1; Song of Songs 2:12; Ezekiel 7:12 (‖ בּוֹא); see also Esther 9:1 (followed by infinitive (מקור)), compare Esther 2:12, Esther 2:15 Psalms 88:4 (followed by לְ).

of fate or lot, = befall, followed by אֶל־ Esther 9:26 Ecclesiastes 8:14^(×2); reach Psalms 32:6.

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נֶ֫גַע

noun (masc.) Genesis 12:17 stroke, plague, mark, plague-spot;—נ׳ absolute Exodus 11:1 +, נָ֑נַע Leviticus 13:13 +; construct Deuteronomy 24:8 +; with suffix נִגְעִי Psalms 38:12; נִגְעֶ֑ךָ Psalms 39:11; נִגְעוֹ Leviticus 13:44; II Chronicles 6:29; plural נְגָעִים Genesis 12:17 Psalms 89:33; construct נִגְעֵי II Samuel 7:14;—

stroke, wound, inflicted by man on man Deuteronomy 17:8; Deuteronomy 21:5 (‖ רִיב), Proverbs 6:33.

stroke, metaphorically, especially of a disease, regarded as sent by a divine chastisement, Genesis 12:17, Exodus 11:1, II Samuel 7:14 (נ׳ בְנֵי אָדָם, ‖ שֵׁבֶט אֲנָשִׁים, that is customary, ordinary), I Kings 8:37 = II Chronicles 6:28 (both ‖ מַחֲלָה); I Kings 8:38 (נ׳ לְבָבוֹ) = II Chronicles 6:29 (נִגְעוֹ); Psalms 91:10 (‖ רָעָה); of Israel Psalms 38:12; Psalms 39:11 (‖ תִּגְרַת יָֽדְךָ), Psalms 89:33 (‖ שֵׁבֶט); see also Isaiah 53:8 (of suffering servant of י׳, נֶגַע לָ֑מוֹ).

mark (60 times Leviticus 13, Leviticus 14), indeterm. Leviticus 13:5, Leviticus 13:6 (מִסְפַּחַת), v Leviticus 13:17, Leviticus 13:29, Leviticus 13:30, Leviticus 13:32, Leviticus 13:43, Leviticus 13:44; of leprosy, regarded as the heavy touch or stroke of a disease, נ׳ צָרַ֫עַת Leviticus 13:2 +; v Leviticus 13:51 (צָרַעַת מַמְאֶרֶת הַנּ׳), v Leviticus 13:59 Leviticus 14:3, Leviticus 14:32, Leviticus 14:54, Deuteronomy 24:8; also נ׳ הַנֶּתֶק Leviticus 13:31; נ׳ לָבָן אֲדַמְדָּם v Leviticus 13:42; identif. with person having it Leviticus 13:4, Leviticus 13:12, Leviticus 13:13, Leviticus 13:17, Leviticus 13:31; in garment, etc. v Leviticus 13:47 + 15 times Leviticus 13; in house Leviticus 14:34, Leviticus 14:35, Leviticus 14:36, Leviticus 14:43, Leviticus 14:44, Leviticus 14:48^(×2); that is house-wall v Leviticus 14:37^(×2), Leviticus 14:39; in stones of wall v Leviticus 14:40; = garment, etc., with plague-spot Leviticus 13:50.

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נָגַף

verb strike, smite (Aramaic נְגַף);—

past (עבר) נ׳ II Chronicles 13:15; Isaiah 19:22 (וְ consec.); with suffix נְגָפוֹ II Chronicles 21:18, etc.; future (עתיד) יִגֹּף Exodus 21:35 + 2 times; וַיִּגֹּף Exodus 32:35 + 4 times; אֶגּוֹף Psalms 89:24 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute נָגֹף Isaiah 19:22; construct לִנְגֹּף Exodus 12:23^(×2); נָגְפוֹ v Exodus 12:27;—strike, smite, of serious (even fatal) injury, followed by direct object person Exodus 21:22, Exodus 21:35; one’s foot against (בְּ) stone Psalms 91:12; absolute (stumble) Proverbs 3:23; especially of judgment, subj. י׳, obj. individ. (fatal stroke) I Samuel 25:38; I Samuel 26:10; II Samuel 12:15; II Chronicles 13:20; II Chronicles 21:18 (לָחֳלִי); obj. people (absolute) Exodus 12:23^(×2), Exodus 12:27, Exodus 32:35 Joshua 24:5, Isaiah 19:22, compare v Isaiah 19:22; see also Psalms 89:24; compare with a direct object cogn. מַגֵּפָה Zechariah 14:12, Zechariah 14:18; II Chronicles 21:14 (followed by also בְּעַמֶּ֑ךָ); c. בְּ instr. Exodus 7:27; of causing defeat in battle, followed by direct object + לִפְנֵי Judges 20:35 I Samuel 4:3 II Chronicles 13:15; II Chronicles 14:11.

past (עבר) נִגַּף II Samuel 10:15; נִגְּפוּ v II Samuel 10:19 + 2 times, etc.; future (עתיד) יִנָּגֵף II Chronicles 6:24; וַיִּנָּגֵף I Samuel 4:2 + 4 times; infinitive (מקור) absolute נִגּוֹף Judges 20:39; construct הִנָּגֵף I Kings 8:33; participle (בינוני) נִגָּף Deuteronomy 28:25; Judges 20:39, etc.;—be smitten, bef. enemy, in battle, followed by לִפְנֵי Judges 20:32, Judges 20:39^(×2) I Samuel 4:2; I Samuel 7:10; II Samuel 10:15, II Samuel 10:19; II Samuel 18:7; I Kings 8:33; II Kings 14:12; I Chronicles 19:16, I Chronicles 19:19; II Chronicles 6:24; II Chronicles 25:22; Leviticus 26:17; Numbers 14:42; Deuteronomy 1:42; absolute Judges 20:36; I Samuel 4:10; II Samuel 2:17; II Chronicles 20:22; participle (בינוני) after נָתַן, followed by לִפְנֵי Deuteronomy 28:7, Deuteronomy 28:25 Vid. נָגַע Niph.

future (עתיד) יִתְנַגְּפוּ Jeremiah 13:16 = stumble, subj. רַגְלֵיכֶם, followed by על (location); compare Qal (Psalms 91:12) and נֶגֶף 2.

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נֶ֫גֶף

noun (masc.) ^{Exodus 12:13} blow, striking (as judgment, only P);—נ׳ absolute Exodus 12:13 + 6 times;—

fatal blow, plague, Exodus 12:13 (death of first-born); Exodus 30:12; Numbers 8:19 (indef.); = pestilence Numbers 17:11, Numbers 17:12; Joshua 22:17.

striking, אֶבֶן נ׳ Isaiah 8:14 that is against which the foot strikes and so stumbles (‖ צוּר מִכְשׁוֹל).

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נָגַשׂ

verb press, drive, oppress, exact (Assyrian nagâšu, throw down, overthrow, Delitzsch^{HWB 448}; Arabic نَجَشَ rouse and drive game, drive vehemently; Ethiopic ነግሠ reign, wield power, ንጉሥ king);—

past (עבר) נ׳ II Kings 23:25; future (עתיד) יִגּשֹׁ Deuteronomy 15:2; 2nd masculine singular תִּגּשֹׁ Deuteronomy 15:3; 2nd masculine plural תִּנְנֹּ֑שׂוּ Isaiah 58:3;—participle (בינוני) נֹגֵשׂ Isaiah 9:3 +, etc.;—

press, drive to work (obj. עַצְּבֵיכֶם your workmen), Isaiah 58:3 (Gesenius^Comm., De Dillmann Duhm; exact [changing ע׳, q.see] Cheyne, etc.); see 3.

exact with a direct object כֶּסֶף, II Kings 23:35; followed by direct object person only Deuteronomy 15:2, Deuteronomy 15:3.

participle (בינוני) (= noun) driver, taskmaster Exodus 3:7; Exodus 5:6, Exodus 5:10, Exodus 5:13, Exodus 5:14 Job 3:18; (ass-)driver Job 39:7; of (arbitrary) ruler Isaiah 3:12, ruler (good sense) Zechariah 10:4; = foreign oppressor, tyrant Isaiah 9:3 (c. בְּ) Isaiah 14:2, Isaiah 14:4 Zechariah 9:8; exactor of tribute, Daniel 11:20; plural abstr. lordship = lord, ruler, figuratively of צְדָקָה (personif.) Isaiah 60:17 (‖ פְּקֻדָּתֵךְ שָׁלוֹם).

past (עבר) נִגַּשׂ I Samuel 13:6 + 2 times + Isaiah 3:5 (וְ consec.);—hard pressed by enemy I Samuel 13:6, and so I Samuel 14:24 (but om. by emend., after Septuagint, Th Wellhausen Driver Kittel Budde HPS); treated harshly, of suffering servant of י׳ Isaiah 53:7; recipr. tyrannize over (ב׳) each other Isaiah 3:5.

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נָגַשׁ

verb draw near, approach, less freq. syn. of קרב q.see (Mishnaic Hebrew the same Hiph. (rare) and deriv.);—

future (עתיד) יִגַּשׁ Exodus 24:14 +, יִגָּ֑שׁ Psalms 91:7, וַיִּגַּשׁ Genesis 18:23 +; 3rd feminine singular וַתִּגַּשׁ Genesis 33:7; 2nd masculine singular תִּגַּשׁ־ Isaiah 65:5; 3rd masculine plural יִגְּשׁוּ Isaiah 41:1 +, יִגָּ֑שׁוּ Exodus 24:2, יִגַּ֑שׁוּ Job 41:8 (Baer; van d. H. יִגָּ֑שׁוּ); 3rd feminine plural וַתִּגַּשְׁןָ Genesis 33:6, etc.; imperative (ציווי) גַּשׁ II Samuel 1:15, גֶּשׁ־ Genesis 19:9, גְּשָׁה Genesis 27:21 +; גֹּשִׁי Ruth 2:14, וּגְשׁוּ Jeremiah 46:3 גּשׁוּ Joshua 3:9; infinitive (מקור) construct לָגֶ֫שֶׁת Judges 20:23 +; with suffix גִּשְׁתּוֹ Genesis 33:3; גִּשְׁתָּם Exodus 28:43 + 2 times;—draw or come near,

human subj.: followed by אֶל־ person Genesis 27:22; Genesis 43:19; Genesis 44:18; Genesis 45:4 (all J), Exodus 19:15 (of sexual intercourse), Exodus 24:2 Numbers 32:16; Joshua 14:6 (all E), Exodus 34:30; Joshua 21:1, + 10 times elsewhere (not D), + Psalms 91:7 (subj. pestilence personif.); of priestly approach to י׳ Ezekiel 44:13, compare Jeremiah 30:21, also followed by אֶל־ of altar Exodus 28:43; Exodus 30:20; Leviticus 21:23 and absolute, v Leviticus 21:21 (all P or H); followed by אֶל־ rei also Numbers 8:19; followed by עַד־ person Genesis 33:3, rei Judges 9:52; followed by עַל־ person Ezekiel 9:6, rei Ezekiel 44:13; followed by בְּ person Isaiah 65:5 (‖ קָרַב אֶל־); in Amos 9:10 read תִּגַּשׁ בַּעֲדֵנוּ (for Masoretic Text תַּגִּישׁ Hiph. compare Wellhausen GASm Driver Nowack; ‖ קִדֵּם); followed by לַמִּלְחָמָה draw near for battle Judges 20:23; Jeremiah 46:3; II Samuel 10:13 = I Chronicles 19:14 (+ לִפְנֵי person); followed by direct object person I Samuel 9:18; I Samuel 30:21, rei Numbers 4:19, but direct object difficult; Driver reads אֶל־ for אֶת־ I Samuel 9:18 Numbers 4:19, compare Klostermann HPS; in I Samuel 30:21 Driver takes אֶת־ = with; followed by הֲלוֹם hither, I Samuel 14:38 Ruth 2:14; absolute Genesis 18:23; Genesis 27:21; Genesis 29:10; Genesis 33:6, Genesis 33:7; Genesis 45:4 (all J), Exodus 24:2, Joshua 8:11 (E; + ויבאו), + 9 times (not P, D), + Genesis 27:26, Genesis 27:27, Joshua 3:9, II Samuel 1:15; II Chronicles 29:31 (all imperative (ציווי) followed by 2nd imperative (ציווי)), + Genesis 19:9, Leviticus 21:21^(×2), II Kings 4:27 (all followed by infinitive (מקור) purpose). Note especially גֶּשׁ־הָ֫לְאָה Genesis 19:9 literally approach thither! that is move away! compare גְּשָׁה־לִי וְאֵשֵׁ֑בָה Isaiah 49:20 move away for me (make room for me) that I may dwell (‖ צַר־לִי הַמָּקוֹם).

inanim. subj. אֶחָד בְּאֶחָד יִגַּ֑שׁוּ Job 41:8 one to another they approach (fit closely together; of scales of crocodile).—Qal not in D.

past (עבר) נִגַּשׁ Genesis 33:7 +; 3rd feminine singular וְנִגְּשָׁה Deuteronomy 25:9; 3rd masculine plural נִגְּשׁוּ Exodus 34:32 +; נִגַּשְׁתֶּם II Samuel 11:20, II Samuel 11:21; participle (בינוני) plural נִגָּשִׁים Exodus 19:22;—draw near = Qal (and substit. for it in D):—followed by אֶל־ person Deuteronomy 25:9; I Kings 20:13; Ezra 9:1, of priestly approach to Yahweh Exodus 19:22, Jeremiah 30:21; followed by אֶל־ rei Exodus 20:18; Exodus 24:2 (both E), II Samuel 11:20, II Samuel 11:21, אֶל־הַמִּשְׁפָּט Deuteronomy 25:1; followed by בְּ person Amos 9:13; followed by לַמִּלְחָמָה I Samuel 7:10; absolute Genesis 33:7, Deuteronomy 20:2 (‖ קרב), Deuteronomy 21:5; Exodus 34:32, so figuratively of worship Isaiah 29:13.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular with suffix consec. וְהִגִּישׁוֹ Exodus 21:6^(×2), וְהִגִּישָׁהּ Leviticus 2:8; 3rd plural הִגִּ֫ישׁוּ II Samuel 17:29; 2nd masculine plural הִגַּשְׁתֶּם Amos 5:25; future (עתיד) juss. יַגֵּשׁ Job 40:19; וַיַּגֶּשׁ־ Genesis 27:25; וַיַּגַּ֑שׁ Judges 6:19; 3rd feminine singular תַּגִּישׁ Amos 9:10, וַתַּגֵּשׁ I Samuel 28:25; II Samuel 13:11; 3rd masculine plural יַגִּ֫ישׁוּ Isaiah 41:22; 2nd masculine plural תַּגִּ֫ישׁוּ Malachi 1:8, תַּגִּישׁוּן v Malachi 1:8, וַתַּגִּישׁוּן Amos 6:3, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. הַגִּ֫ישָׁה Genesis 27:25 +; mpl. הַגִּ֫ישׁוּ I Samuel 13:9 +; participle (בינוני) מַגִּישׁ Malachi 2:12; plural construct מַגִּישֵׁי Malachi 3:3, etc.;—cause to approach, bring near, bring, followed by אֶל־ person (usually obj. direct object rei, rarely person Exodus 21:6^(×2) I Samuel 15:32; Genesis 48:10 compare v Genesis 48:13):—Genesis 48:10, Genesis 48:13, Exodus 21:6^(×2), I Samuel 13:9; I Samuel 14:34; I Samuel 15:32; II Samuel 13:11 (+ infinitive (מקור) purpose), II Kings 4:5, II Kings 4:6; followed by אֶל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ Leviticus 2:8 (P; of sacrifice); עַל־מִזְבְּחִי Malachi 1:7 (sacrif.); לְ person Genesis 27:25^(×2), I Samuel 30:7; II Samuel 17:29 (read וַיַּגִּישׁוּ Septuagint Th Wellhausen Klostermann Kittel, compare Driver), of sacrifice Amos 5:25 Malachi 2:12; Malachi 3:3; לִפְנֵי person I Samuel 28:25; II Chronicles 29:23; no preposition Exodus 32:6, I Samuel 14:18, I Samuel 14:34; I Samuel 23:9; I Samuel 30:7; Judges 6:19 (following הוציא אֶל־), Amos 6:3; I Kings 5:1; Leviticus 8:14, of sacrif. also Malachi 1:8 (לִזְבֹּחַ), v Malachi 1:8 (‖ הקריב); figuratively (obj. proofs, evidences) Isaiah 41:21 (‖ קרב), v Isaiah 41:22 (+ וַיַּגִּידוּ), compare Isaiah 45:21 (‖ הַגִּידוּ); הָעשֹׁוֹ יַגֵּשׁ חַרְבּוֹ Job 40:19 let him that made him (the hippot.) draw near his sword, is doubtful; Duhm הֶעָשׂוּ[י] נֹגֵשׂ חֲבֵרָו wh. is made ruler of its fellows (other conject. see Dillmann Budde); Amos 9:10 read תִּגַּשׁ Qal q.see).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine plural לֹא־לִנְחֻשְׁתַּיִם הֻנַּ֑שׁוּ II Samuel 3:34 (Ginsb הֻנָּ֑שׁוּ) thy feet have not been brought near (put into) fetters; participle (בינוני) מֻגָּשׁ לשׁמי Malachi 1:11 it (impers.) is offered to my name.

imperative (ציווי) mpl. הִתְנַגְּשׁוּ Isaiah 45:20 draw near! (‖ הִקָּֽבְצוּ וָבֹאוּ).

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נֵד

see II. נדד.

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נָדַב

verb incite, impel (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic نَدَبَ call, impel, incite (نَدُبَ be noble, willing, generous, is denom. from [نَدْبٌ compare] נָדִיב according to Barth^{NB § 125 e}); viii. ندب ready, willing; Assyrian nidbu, freewill-offering Delitzsch^{HWB 448}; Aramaic נְדַב be willing Pa. Ithpa.; Zinj. נדב inciting, instigation DHM^{Sendsch. 60});—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נָדַב Exodus 35:29; 3rd feminine singular נָֽדְבָה v Exodus 35:21; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix יִדְּבֶנּוּ Exodus 25:2;—אֲשֶׁר נָדַב לִבָּם Exodus 35:29 whose heart incited, compare Exodus 25:2; subj. רוּחַ Exodus 35:21 (all P).

past (עבר) 1st singular הִתְנַדַּבְתִּי I Chronicles 29:17; 3rd masculine plural הִתְנַדְּבוּ Ezra 2:68 I Chronicles 29:9; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יִתְנַדְּבוּ v I Chronicles 29:6; infinitive (מקור) הִתְנַדֵּב Judges 5:2 + 2 times; הִתְנַדֶּב־ I Chronicles 29:17; with suffix הִתְנַדְּבָם v I Chronicles 29:9; participle (בינוני) מִתְנַדֵּב Ezra 3:5 + 2 times; plural מִתְנַדְּבִים Judges 5:9 Nehemiah 11:2;—

volunteer for war Judges 5:2, Judges 5:9; for service of other kinds II Chronicles 17:16 Nehemiah 11:2.

offer free-will-offerings for the first temple I Chronicles 29:5, I Chronicles 29:6, I Chronicles 29:9^(×2), I Chronicles 29:14, I Chronicles 29:17^(×2); for the second Ezra 1:6; Ezra 2:68; Ezra 3:5 (compare Biblical Aramaic).

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נָדָב

n.pr.m. (generous, noble)—

eldest son of Aaron Exodus 6:23; Exodus 24:1, Exodus 24:9; Exodus 28:1 Leviticus 10:1 Numbers 3:2, Numbers 3:4; Numbers 26:60, Numbers 26:61 I Chronicles 5:29; I Chronicles 24:1. Septuagint Ναδαβ (so 3, 4).

son of Jeroboam I I Kings 14:20; I Kings 15:25, I Kings 15:27; I Kings 15:31. Septuagint Ναβατ, Ναβαθ, SeptuagintL Ναδαβ.

a Jerahmeelite I Chronicles 2:28, I Chronicles 2:30.

a Gibeonite I Chronicles 8:30; I Chronicles 9:36.

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נְדָבָה

noun (fem.) voluntariness, freewill-offering;—absolute נ׳ Exodus 35:29 + 14 times; construct נִדְבַת Deuteronomy 16:10; plural נְדָבוֹת Amos 4:5 Psalms 68:10; נְדָבֹת Psalms 110:3; construct נִדְבוֹת Psalms 119:108 II Chronicles 31:14; with suffix נִדְבֹתֶ֫יךָ Deuteronomy 12:17 + 4 times sfs.;—

voluntariness אֹהֲבֵם נְדָבָה Hosea 14:5 I (י׳) will love them freely; עַמְּךָ נְדָבֹת בְּיוֹם חֵילֶ֑ךָ Psalms 110:3 thy people will be (all) voluntariness in the day of thy host (be ready to volunteer, see Br^{MP 133}); גֶּשֶׁם נדבות Psalms 68:10 generous (copious) rain; בנדבה Psalms 54:7 voluntarily, and adverb. direct object נדבה Deuteronomy 23:24 (see Driver).

freewill, voluntary, offering:

incl. gifts used in erection and furnishing of tabernacle Exodus 35:29; Exodus 36:3; for first temple II Chronicles 31:14, second Ezra 1:4; Ezra 8:28.

incl. עולה and שׁלמים Ezekiel 46:12^(×2); probably also Amos 4:5, נדבות פִי Psalms 119:108.

usually a זֶבַח for festival meals, at Passover II Chronicles 35:8, Pentecost Deuteronomy 16:10, Tabernacles Ezra 3:5 (besides the ritual offerings); disting. from נֶדֶר votive offering Leviticus 7:16 Numbers 15:3; Numbers 29:39, Leviticus 22:18, Leviticus 22:21, Leviticus 22:23; Leviticus 23:38, Deuteronomy 12:6, Deuteronomy 12:17.—(Verbs used are הביא נ׳ Exodus 35:29; Exodus 36:3; הקריב נ׳ Leviticus 22:18; עשׂה נ׳ Numbers 15:3 Ezekiel 46:12; נתן נ׳ Leviticus 23:38 Deuteronomy 16:10.)

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נָדִיב

adjective and noun (masc.) ^{Isaiah 32:8} inclined, generous, noble;—absolute נ׳ Isaiah 32:5 + 6 times; construct נְדִיב Exodus 35:5 + 2 times; f. נְדִיבָה Psalms 51:14; plural נְדִיבִים Isaiah 13:2 + 9 times; construct נְדִיבֵי Numbers 21:18 + 2 times; with suffix נְדִיבֵמוֹ Psalms 83:12;—

incited, inclined, willing, נְדִיב לֵב Exodus 35:5, Exodus 35:22, II Chronicles 29:31 (see נָדַב Qal), נָדִיב בְחָכְמָה I Chronicles 28:21; רוּחַ נְדִיבָה Psalms 51:14 a willing spirit.

noble, princely, in rank I Samuel 2:8 (poem), Job 12:21 = Psalms 107:40, Job 34:18 Proverbs 8:16 Psalms 47:10; Psalms 83:12; Psalms 113:8^(×2); Psalms 118:9; Psalms 146:3; פְּנֵי נדיב Proverbs 19:6; Proverbs 25:7; בית נ׳ Job 21:28; פתחי נ׳ Isaiah 13:2; בת נ׳ Song of Songs 7:2; נְדִיבֵי הָעָם Numbers 21:18 (poem).

noble in mind and character ‖ צדּיק Proverbs 17:7, Proverbs 17:26; opposite נָבָל Isaiah 32:5, Isaiah 32:8. On Song of Songs 6:12 s. עַמִּינָדִיב (p. 770).

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נָדַד

verb retreat, flee, depart, stray, wander, flutter (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic نَدَّ flee, run away; Aramaic ܢܰܕ hate, abominate, shrink from, Aph. put to flight, etc.; נְדַד flee);—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular נָֽדְדָה Isaiah 10:31 Esther 6:1; 3rd plural נָֽדְדוּ Hosea 7:13 + 4 times, נָדָ֑דוּ Isaiah 21:15 Jeremiah 4:25; future (עתיד) יִדּוֹד Nahum 3:7; 3rd feminine singular וַתִּדַּד Genesis 31:40; 3rd masculine plural יִדֹּדוּן Psalms 68:13^(×2); infinitive (מקור) construct נְדֹד Psalms 55:8; participle (בינוני) נֹדֵד Jeremiah 49:5 +; f. נוֹדֶ֫דֶת Proverbs 27:8; plural נֹדְדִים Hosea 9:17;—

retreat, flee Isaiah 21:15 from before (מִפְּנֵי) swords; Isaiah 33:3 at the sound (מִקּוֹל) of tumult; absolute Isaiah 10:31; Isaiah 22:3 Psalms 68:13^(×2), of birds and beasts Jeremiah 4:25; Jeremiah 9:9 (+ הָלָ֑כוּ); pt. = fugitive Isaiah 16:3; Isaiah 21:14; of fleeing in horror, disgust, c. מִן person Nahum 3:7 Psalms 31:12.

flee, depart, Isr. from (מִן) י׳ Hosea 7:13; of sleep (מֵעֵינַי) Genesis 31:40, absolute Esther 6:1.

wander, stray (homeless, compare נוד), עוֹף נוֹדֵד Isaiah 16:2 (in sim.), so Proverbs 27:8 (מִן location, in sim.), compare v Proverbs 27:8 (מִן location); of scattered Isr. Hosea 9:17 Jeremiah 49:5; (searching) for food Job 15:23 (wicked man); אַרְחִיק נְדֹד Psalms 55:8 I will wander afar.

trans. flutter wings (of bird, in figuratively) Isaiah 10:14. Poʿal past (עבר) consec. שֶׁמֶשׁ זָֽרְחָה וְנֹדַד Nahum 3:17 the sun hath arisen and it (the locust swarm) is chased away.

chase away, future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural with suffix וּמִתֵּבֵל יְנִדֻּ֑הוּ Job 18:18 (of wicked, ‖ יֶהְדְּפֻהוּ מֵאוֹר).

be chased away, future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וְיֻדַּד כְּחֶזְיוֹן Job 20:8 (of wicked); קוֹץ מֻנָֿד II Samuel 23:6 thorns thrust away (si vera l., compare Driver.; Klostermann Budde HPS ק׳ מִדְבָּר). Hithpoʿl future (עתיד) יִתְנוֹדְדוּ Psalms 64:9 flee away (in horror, disgust, compare Qal Nahum 3:7 Psalms 31:12).

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נִדָּה

noun (fem.) impurity (as abhorrent, shunned);—absolute נ׳ Ezekiel 18:6 +; construct נִדַּת Leviticus 12:2 +; with suffix נִדָּתָהּ v Leviticus 12:5 +;—impurity (especially P and Ezek.):

of ceremonial impurity, as union with brother’s wife, Leviticus 20:21; especially of menstruation Ezekiel 18:6 (read אִשָּׁה בְּנִדָּתָהּ for Masoretic Text א׳ נִדָּה Peshitta Co), טְמֵאַת הַנּ׳ Ezekiel 22:10, compare Ezekiel 36:17, נִדַּת דְּוֹתָהּ Leviticus 12:2, compare v Leviticus 12:5; Leviticus 15:19, Leviticus 15:20, Leviticus 15:24, Leviticus 15:25 (עֶת־נִדּ׳), v Leviticus 15:25^(×2), v Leviticus 15:26 (מִשְׁכַּב נִדּ׳), v Leviticus 15:26 (טֻמְאַת נִדּ׳), v Leviticus 15:33; Leviticus 18:19; of defilement contracted by contact with a corpse, מֵי (הַ)נִּדָּה water of impurity (that is to remove it, compare Dillmann) Numbers 19:9, Numbers 19:13, Numbers 19:20, Numbers 19:21^(×2); Numbers 31:23.

figuratively (with allusion to cerem. usage), impure thing, Ezekiel 7:19, Ezekiel 7:20 (of gold), Lamentations 1:17 (of Jerus.); of idolatry, immorality, etc., II Chronicles 29:5 Ezra 9:11 (אֶרֶץ נִדָּה), v Ezra 9:11, Zechariah 13:1 (לְחַטַּאת וּלְנִדָּה).

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נֵד²

noun (masc.) ^{Joshua 3:13} heap of waters; of Red Sea Exodus 15:8 (song), Psalms 78:13; of Jordan Joshua 3:13, Joshua 3:16 Psalms 33:7 (sim.). נֵד קָצִיר Isaiah 17:11 harvest-heap is perhaps corrupt: Gesenius Ewald Dillmann Duhm der. from נוד, reading (probably) נָד (Dillmann) fled is the harvest; Cheyne^Haupt proposes לָכֵן therefore; Buhl ^{Lex 13} עַד, after Septuagint Targum.

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נֶ֑דֶה

(so Baer Ginsb; van d. H. נֵ֑דֶה), noun (masc.) gift (on format. compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 84 a c Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 144 a Konig^{ii. 1, 65} Barth^{NB § 12a});—לְכָל־זֹנוֹת יִתְּנוּ־נֶ֑דֶה Exodus 16:33 (‖ נְדָנִים).

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נָדַח

verb impel, thrust, banish (especially Dt. Je. and later) (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, beguile, Hiph. Niph.; Aramaic נְדַח (rare) = Biblical Hebrew; Ethiopic ነድሐ thrust; Arabic نَدَخَ is drive a ship to shore);—

future (עתיד) יִדַּח II Samuel 14:14; infinitive (מקור) לִנְדֹּחַ Deuteronomy 20:19;—trans.

impel (that is wield) an axe, followed by עַל־ Deuteronomy 20:19;

thrust away, banish, followed by מִן־ II Samuel 14:14.

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular נִדְּחָה Job 6:13, etc.; (future (עתיד) יִדַּ֫חוּ Jeremiah 23:12 see דחח); participle (בינוני) נִדָּח II Samuel 14:14; נִדָּחָה Micah 4:6 + 2 times; נִדַּ֫חַת Ezekiel 34:4, Ezekiel 34:16, etc. On נִדְחֵי Isaiah 11:12; Isaiah 56:8; Psalms 147:2 see Ki Konig^{i. 317};—

be impelled: וְנדְּחָה יָדוֹ בַּגַּרְזֶן be impelled with the axe Deuteronomy 19:5.

be thrust out, banished: of dispersion in exile, followed by שָׁם Jeremiah 40:12; Jeremiah 43:5 (‖ שׁוּב); followed by לִפְנֵי Jeremiah 49:5 (‖ קִבֵּץ); compare also figuratively תֻּשִׁיָּה נִדְּחָה מִמֶּנִּי Job 6:13 is banished from me, that is is non-existent; especially participle (בינוני) banished one(s), outcast(s), as direct object cogn. c. נָדַח II Samuel 14:14; c. קִבֵּץ Micah 4:6; Deuteronomy 30:4; Zephaniah 3:19; Nehemiah 1:9; נ׳ יִשִׂרָאֵל, c. אָסַף Isaiah 11:12 (‖ נְפֻצוֹת יְקַבֵּץ); c. קִבֵּץ Isaiah 56:8; c. כִּנֵּס Psalms 147:2; c. הֵשִׁיב II Samuel 14:13; Ezekiel 34:4, Ezekiel 34:16 (both ‖ אֹבֵד); c. בּוֹא Isaiah 27:13 (‖ the same); see also Isaiah 16:3, Isaiah 16:4 Jeremiah 49:36; outcast = neglected one, figuratively of Zion Jeremiah 30:17 (‖ דֹּרֵשׁ אֵין לָהּ).

driven away (from herd, that is) straying Deuteronomy 22:1.

thrust away, aside, from י׳ to idolatry Deuteronomy 4:19; Deuteronomy 30:17 (followed by וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוָה).

participle (בינוני) אֲפֵלָה מְנֻדָּח Isaiah 8:22 thrust into darkness.

past (עבר) וְהִדִּיחַ consec. II Samuel 15:14; הִדַּ֫חְתִּי Jeremiah 23:3; Jeremiah 29:14, etc.; future (עתיד) with suffix וַיַּדַּח II Chronicles 21:11 + II Kings 17:21 Qr; וַיַּדִּ֫יחוּ Deuteronomy 13:14, etc.; imperative (ציווי) with suffix הַדִּיחֵ֫מוֹ Psalms 5:11; infinitive (מקור) הַדִּיחַ Psalms 62:5, etc.;—

thrust, move, impel, figuratively, obj. רָעָה II Samuel 15:14 (followed by עַל־).

thrust out, banish, especially of exile, subj. י׳, with a direct object followed by שָׁ֫מָּה Deuteronomy 30:1 Jeremiah 46:28; Jeremiah 16:15 (‖ הֶעֱלָה); followed by שָׁם Jeremiah 8:3; Jeremiah 24:9; Jeremiah 29:18 Daniel 9:7 + Ezekiel 4:13 (om. Septuagint Co); Jeremiah 23:3 (‖ קִבֵּץ), v Jeremiah 23:8 (‖ הֶעֱלָה, הֵבִיא), Jeremiah 29:14 (‖ קִבֵּץ, הֵשִׁיב, so Jeremiah 32:37; also Jeremiah 27:10 (‖ הַרְחִיק), v Jeremiah 23:15 (‖ אָבַד), compare Jeremiah 23:2 (Judah under figuratively of flock, subj. evil shepherd, ‖ הֵפִיץ), Jeremiah 50:17 (Isr. as sheep, subj. enemies as lions); of driving out priests II Chronicles 13:9; invader Joel 2:20 (followed by אֶל־); wicked Psalms 5:11 (‖ הַאֲשִׁימֵם); good man from his eminence Psalms 62:5 (followed by מִן).

thrust away, aside, from י׳ to idolatry, with a direct object, Deuteronomy 13:14; followed by מִן־הַדֶּרֶךְ v Deuteronomy 13:6; מֵעַל י׳ v Deuteronomy 13:11; מֵאַחֲרֵי י׳ II Kings 17:21 Qr (Kt see נדא); compare II Chronicles 21:11 (‖ הִזְנָה).

compel, force, subj. adulteress (by flattery), followed by direct object Proverbs 7:21 (‖ הִטָּה).

participle (בינוני) מֻדָּח chased, hunted, צְבִי מ׳ Isaiah 13:14, sim. of fugitive Babylonians.

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נָדָן

n.[m.

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נָדָן²

n.[m.] sheath (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic נִדְנָא (Targum Talm.); Pers. loan-word Noldeke^{GGA, 1884, 1022});—וַיָּשֶׁב חַרְבּוֹ אֶל־נְדָנָהּ׃ I Chronicles 21:27.

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נָדַף

verb drive, drive asunder (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, spread, be diffused, disseminated (of odour); Arabic نَدَفَ strike, beat, especially bow-string with mallet, to clean cotton; also play the lyre; Aramaic נְדַף = Mishnaic Hebrew; Ethiopic ነደፈ throw, hurl);—

future (עתיד) with suffix יִדְּפֶנּוּ Job 32:13 (juss.); 3rd feminine singular with suffix תִּדְּפֶנּוּ Psalms 1:4; 2nd masculine singular תִּנְדֹּף Psalms 68:3;—drive about, chaff, subj. wind Psalms 1:4; wicked, subj. God Psalms 68:3 (כְּהִנְדֹּף עָשָׁן, see below); compare Job 32:13 (= defeat, anguish).

past (עבר) נִדַּף Isaiah 19:7; infinitive (מקור) כְּהִנְדֹּף Psalms 68:3 (v Konig^{i. 306 f.}); participle (בינוני) נִדָּף Leviticus 26:36 + 3 times;—be driven, driven about (especially by wind) Psalms 68:3, see above (like a driving [Cheyne drift] of smoke); of breath (הֶבֶל) figuratively of deceitful gain Proverbs 21:6 (Septuagint Hitzig Ewald רֹדֵף; see De Nowack); of withered plant Isaiah 19:7 (where subj. עָרוֹת, מִזְרָע that is place; whence Cheyne trans. נ׳ vanish; but ref. probably to plant-life in these places, see Dillmann); of leaf Leviticus 26:36 (as making slight sound), Job 13:25 (figuratively of sufferer, ‖ קַשׁ יָבֵשׁ), of chaff (קַשׁ) Isaiah 41:2 (sim. of bow of hostile kings ‖ עָפָר).

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נָדַר

verb vow (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Phoenician נדר; ‖ form of נָזַר, q.see);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נ׳ Psalms 132:2 II Samuel 15:8; נָדָ֑ר Judges 11:39; 3rd feminine singular נָדָ֑רָה Numbers 30:11; 2nd masculine singular נָדַרְתָּ Genesis 31:13 + 5 times past (עבר); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִדֹּר Numbers 6:21 + 5 times יִדַּר Judges 11:30; 2nd masculine singular תִּדֹּר Deuteronomy 12:17 + 4 times, תִּדּוֹר Ecclesiastes 5:4 + 4 times; imperative (ציווי) plural נִדְרוּ Psalms 76:12; infinitive (מקור) לִנְדֹּר Numbers 6:2 Deuteronomy 23:23; participle (בינוני) נֹדֵר Leviticus 27:8; Malachi 1:14;—vow a vow נָדַר נֶדֶר Genesis 28:20; Genesis 31:13 (both E), Numbers 21:2;, Numbers 6:2; Numbers 30:3, Numbers 30:4, Judges 11:30; I Samuel 1:11; II Samuel 15:8, II Samuel 15:7; Isaiah 19:21; נֶדֶר om. Leviticus 27:8 Numbers 30:11; Deuteronomy 23:23; Psalms 76:12 Ecclesiastes 5:4^(×2); c. לְ to whom Numbers 6:21 Deuteronomy 23:24; Malachi 1:14; Psalms 132:2; Ecclesiastes 5:3; נֶדֶר אֲשֶׁר נָדַר vow which he vowed Deuteronomy 12:11, Deuteronomy 12:17; Deuteronomy 23:22^(×2) Judges 11:39; Jeremiah 44:25; Jonah 1:16; compare אֲשֶׁר נ׳ אֲשַׁלֵּ֑מָה Jonah 2:10, אֵת אֲשֶׁר תִּדֹּר שַׁלֵּם Ecclesiastes 5:3.

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נֶ֫דֶר

noun (masc.) ^{Numbers 30:5} vow;—נֶ֫דֶר Genesis 28:20 + 17 times; נֵ֫דֶר Numbers 30:10 + 4 times; with suffix נִדְרִי II Samuel 15:7 + 5 times sfs.; plural נְדָרִים Jonah 1:16 Proverbs 20:25; with suffix נְדָרַי Psalms 22:26 + 3 times; נִדְרֵיהֶם Leviticus 22:18 + 24 times sfs.;—vow:

of personal service to י׳ Genesis 28:20; Genesis 31:13 (of Jacob at Bethel), II Samuel 15:7, II Samuel 15:8 (at Hebron); Leviticus 27:2 (P, any one), of Nazirite Numbers 6:2, Numbers 6:5, Numbers 6:21; Hannah’s consecration of her son I Samuel 1:11, compare בר נדרי Proverbs 31:2.

in generally of any kind of votive offerings or promised gifts to י׳ Numbers 30:3, Numbers 30:4, Numbers 30:5^(×2), Numbers 30:6, Numbers 30:7, Numbers 30:8, Numbers 30:9, Numbers 30:10, Numbers 30:12, Numbers 30:13, Numbers 30:14, Numbers 30:15 Deuteronomy 12:11, Deuteronomy 12:17, Deuteronomy 12:26; Deuteronomy 23:19, Deuteronomy 23:22; Isaiah 19:21; Nahum 2:1 Psalms 22:26; Psalms 61:6, Psalms 61:9; Psalms 65:2; Psalms 116:14, Psalms 116:18; Proverbs 20:25; Job 22:27; Ecclesiastes 5:3.

Jephthah’s daughter as עולה Judges 11:30, Judges 11:39.

the ban Numbers 21:2.

‖ עוֹלָה Psalms 66:13; תּוֹדָה Psalms 50:14; Psalms 56:13; שְׁלָמִים Numbers 15:8; opposite נדבה Leviticus 7:16 Numbers 15:3; Numbers 29:39, Leviticus 22:18, Leviticus 22:21, Leviticus 22:23; Leviticus 23:38, Deuteronomy 12:6, Deuteronomy 12:17; I Samuel 1:21; Jonah 1:16.

once of idolatry Jeremiah 44:25 (נ׳ לְקַטֵּר לִמְלֶכֶת הַשָּׁמַיִם).—Vbs. used are: נָדַר q.see; שִׁלֵּם pay II Samuel 15:7 + 12 times; עשׂה Judges 11:39 Jeremiah 44:25; נשׂא Deuteronomy 12:26; קום Numbers 30:5, Numbers 30:8, Numbers 30:12, Numbers 30:15; הֵקִים Jeremiah 44:25; אסּר Numbers 30:14; פִּלֵּא Leviticus 22:21 Numbers 15:3, Numbers 15:8 הפלא לנ׳ נ׳ Leviticus 27:2; Numbers 6:2; הֵפֵר Numbers 30:9. (See these vbs.)

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נֹהַּ

see נוהּ.

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נָהַג

verb drive, conduct (Mishnaic Hebrew conduct oneself, behave, be accustomed; Arabic نَهَجَ go along the road, keep to the road; Aramaic נְהַג lead);—

past (עבר) נ׳ Lamentations 3:2; נָֽהֲגוּ I Samuel 30:20; future (עתיד) יִנְהַג Isaiah 20:4, etc.; imperative (ציווי) נְהַג II Kings 4:24; participle (בינוני) active נֹהֵג Isaiah 11:6 + 2 times, etc.; passive נְהוּגִים Isaiah 60:11;—

drive, flocks Exodus 3:1; compare (in predict.) Isaiah 11:6 (followed by בְּ); figuratively, obj. Joseph, Psalms 80:2 (sim. of flock); hence, obj. human being, lead on, Song of Songs 8:2 (‖ הֵבִיא אֶל־)); also figuratively, subj. י׳, Lamentations 3:2 (‖ הוֹלִיךְ); passive pt. of kings led in procession Isaiah 60:11 compare Dillmann (rather than as captives, Cheyne, as earlier usage; ‖ הֵבִיא); drive away, off, (obj. מִקְנֶה) Genesis 31:18 (of Jacob, going by stealth); usually as booty (obj. flocks and herds) I Samuel 23:5, חמור יתומים ינהגו Job 24:3 (unjustly); compare I Samuel 30:2, I Samuel 30:20 (read וַיִּנְהֲגוּ Wellhausen Driver Kittel Budde, compare Th, not HPS q.see), v I Samuel 30:22 (no obj. expr. but really captives ‖ הָלַךְ), Isaiah 20:4; drive an ass for riding II Kings 4:24 (‖ הָלַךְ); a cart (עֲגָלָה) II Samuel 6:3 = I Chronicles 13:7 (where בָּע׳); absolute of driving chariot II Kings 9:20; lead out an army to battle (late) I Chronicles 20:1 II Chronicles 25:11.

figuratively וְלִבִּי נֹהֵג בַּחָכְמָה Ecclesiastes 2:3 my heart behaving itself in wisdom (compare Mishnaic Hebrew above).

past (עבר) נִהַג Exodus 10:13; נִהַ֫גְתָּ Isaiah 63:14; future (עתיד) יְנַהֵג Deuteronomy 4:27, etc.;—

drive away, lead off, followed by direct object, daughters of Laban Genesis 31:26 (‖ גָּנַב); of י׳, leading off people into exile, followed by שָׁ֫מָּה Deuteronomy 4:27 (‖ הֵפִיץ), Deuteronomy 28:37 (‖ הוֹלִיךְ).

lead on, guide, followed by direct object, subj. י׳, Psalms 78:52 (כַּעֵ֫דֶר ‖ הִסִּיעַ כַּצֹּאן); Isaiah 49:10 (‖ נִהֵל, compare Psalms 23:2); Isaiah 63:14; Psalms 48:15; guide on, a wind, Exodus 10:13 (followed by בָּאָרֶץ), Psalms 78:26 (‖ הִסִּיעַ).

cause to drive (compare Qal, II Kings 9:20) Exodus 14:25 (JE; subj. י׳, see Dillmann).

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נָהַג²

verbPi. moan, lament (Arabic نَهِجَ be out of breath, pant, breathe heavily; Aramaic ܢܗܰܓ sigh, groan);—

participle (בינוני) fpl. מְנַהֲגוֹת Nahum 2:8 (כְּקוֹל יוֹנִים).

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נָהָה

verb wail, lament (probably onomatop., compare Stade^{Gesch. i. 388}; Aramaic ܢܗܳܐ, (in Lexx); Ethiopic ንህየ is recreari, respirare, etc. Dillmann⁶³²);—

past (עבר) וְנָהָה Micah 2:4 lament followed by direct object cogn.; imperative (ציווי) נְהֵה Ezekiel 32:18, followed by עַל, concerning, for.

future (עתיד) וַיִּנָּהוּ I Samuel 7:2 followed by אַחֲרֵי went mourning after (so most, compare Th Driver, who argue against Gesenius' Thesaurus were gathered), < read ויפנ(ה), וַיִּפְנוּ turned after = submitted to (as Ezekiel 29:16) Septuagint (perhaps), Wellhausen Kittel Budde HPS.

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נְהִי

n.[m.] wailing, lamentation, mourning song;—נ׳ absolute Amos 5:16 + 5 times; וָנֶ֑הִי Jeremiah 9:9;—wailing, at י׳’s judgment Micah 2:4 as direct object cogn.; Jeremiah 9:9 (c. נָשָׂא עַל־, + בְּכִי, ‖ קִינָה), v Jeremiah 9:17 (c. the same, ‖ דִּמְעָה), v Jeremiah 9:18 (קוֹל נ׳), Jeremiah 31:15 (‖ בְּכִי, תַּמְרוּרִים); mourning song יוֹדְעֵי נ׳ Amos 5:16 of professional mourners, skilled in mourning song; compare Jeremiah 9:19, where taught (‖ קִינָה), also הִי Ezekiel 2:10 (‖ אֵבֶל, מִסְפֵּד) q.see (Olshausen Co read נהי, compare Berthol).

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נִהְיָה

noun (fem.) the same (si vera l.);—only Micah 2:4 נָהָה נְהִי נִהְיָה, where, however, Gesenius' Thesaurus al. der. נהיה from היה (Niph., see p. 228 a above); but probably corrupt, del. Septuagint Stade^{journal ZAW 1886, 122 f.} Wellhausen Nowack as dittogr.

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נַהֲלָל

see ii. נַהֲלֹל.

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נַהֲלֹל

noun (masc.) pasture, or perhaps (Enc Bi⁶¹⁴) watering-place (see √), only plural נַהֲלֹלִים Isaiah 7:19.

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נַהֲלֹל²

n.pr.location Judges 1:30 in Zebulun, Septuagint Δωμανα, A Εναμμαν, SeptuagintL Αμμαν; = נַהֲלָל Joshua 19:15; Joshua 21:35, Septuagint Ναβααλ, Νααλωλ, SeptuagintL Αναλωθ, Αλωμ;—site unknown, compare GFM Judges 1:30.

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נָהַם

verb growl, groan (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic نَهَمَ Aramaic ܢܗܰܡ נְהַם);—

past (עבר) וְנָהַמְתָּ֫ Proverbs 5:11; וּנְהַמְתֶּם Ezekiel 24:23; future (עתיד) יִנְהֹם Isaiah 5:29, Isaiah 5:30; participle (בינוני) נֹהֵם Proverbs 28:15;—

growl, of a lion (viz. while it is devouring its prey: opposite שׁאג, of roar with which it springs upon it Robertson Smith^{Proph. 243}) Proverbs 28:15, of Assyrian (under figuratively of lion) Isaiah 5:29; followed by עַל (over), v Isaiah 5:30.

groan, of sufferer Proverbs 5:11; Ezekiel 24:23.

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נַ֫הַם

n.[m.] growling of lion;—figuratively of king’s wrath Proverbs 19:12, compare Proverbs 20:2.

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נָהָר

noun (masc.) ^{Genesis 2:10} stream, river;—absolute נ׳ Genesis 2:10 +; construct נְהַר Deuteronomy 1:7 +; plural נְהָרִים Isaiah 18:7 + 4 times, construct נַהֲרֵי Isaiah 18:1 + 2 times; but oftener נְהָר(וֹ)ת Isaiah 19:6 + 23 times; construct נַהֲרוֹת II Kings 5:12 + 2 times; with suffix נַהֲרוֹתֶיךָ Ezekiel 32:2, נַהֲרֹתַיִךְ Isaiah 44:27, נַהֲרֹתֶיהָ Ezekiel 31:4, Ezekiel 31:15, נַהֲרֹתָם Exodus 7:19, נַהֲרוֹתָם Ezekiel 32:2, Ezekiel 32:14; appar. dual נַהֲרַיִם Genesis 24:10 + 2 times, נַהֲרָ֑יִם Judges 3:8 (see below) (all in אֲרַם נ׳);—

stream, river, Numbers 24:6, Job 14:11; Job 40:23 Psalms 105:41 (in sim.), Isaiah 48:18 (the same), Isaiah 59:19 (the same) + often; freq. of partic. rivers; r. of Eden Genesis 2:10 and its branches v Genesis 2:13, Genesis 2:14 (all J); נְהַר מִצְרַיִם Genesis 15:18 (J; that is, si vera l., the Nile) but read probably נַחַל מ׳, whence נהר through infl. of following נהר—compare II Kings 24:7—Noldeke^{ZMG xl. 1886, 699} (alternat.), Lagarde^{BN 140} Ball^Haupt; נָהָר of Nile Isaiah 19:5; especially of Euphrates נְהַר פְּרָת Genesis 15:18; Deuteronomy 1:7 (both + הַנּ׳ הַגָּדוֹל) Joshua 1:4 + 8 times + II Samuel 8:3 (Qr Septuagint and ‖ I Chronicles 18:3; Kt om. פְּרָת;—compare also Genesis 2:14 above); oftener (of Euphr.) without פ׳: הַנָּהָר κατʼ ἐξοχήν, Genesis 31:21 Exodus 23:31 Numbers 22:5; Joshua 24:2, Joshua 24:3, Joshua 24:14, Joshua 24:15 (all E), poss. also Genesis 36:37 (P; compare Dillmann) = I Chronicles 1:48, + 13 times + II Samuel 8:3 Kt (see above); and even without art. (poet.) † Isaiah 7:20; Jeremiah 2:18 Micah 7:12; Zechariah 9:10; Psalms 72:8; הַנּ׳ הַגּ׳ once of Tigris †Daniel 10:4; †נְהַר גוֹזָן (חבור) II Kings 17:6; II Kings 18:11 compare I Chronicles 5:26; plural נַהֲרֵי כוּשׁ Zephaniah 3:10; perhaps of a canal: נְהַר־כְּבָר Ezekiel 1:1, Ezekiel 1:3 + 6 times Ez; הַנָּהָר אַהֲוָא Ezra 8:21, נְהַר א׳ v Ezra 8:31; compare נַהֲרוֹת בָּבֶל Psalms 137:1; canals poss. also in שַׁעֲרֵי הַנּ׳ Nahum 2:7 (of Nineveh); of canals of Egypt Exodus 7:19 (‖ יְאֹרִים etc.), Exodus 8:1 (‖ the same).

נְהָרוֹת (מִבְּכִי) Job 28:11 usually understood of (underground) streams; Szold^{Comm. Jb} Gratz^{Monatsschr. 1887, 410} and Perles^{Analekten. 69} proposes נִבְכֵי נ׳ sources of rivers (compare Job 36:16); Wetzstein Hoffmann Budde מַבְּכֵי נ׳ (not elsewhere) with similar meaning.

figuratively of י׳s favour Psalms 46:5.—On נַהֲרַיִם ending appar. dual, see אֲרַם; Tel Am. Na-ri-ma, Naḫrima (Winckler^TelAm.40), and Egyptian Nhrina (WMM^{As. u. Eur. 249 ff.}) point however to orig. ending ִים; this inconsistent with view of EMey^{Gesch. § 180} that ַיִם here a locative ending (compare Barth^{§ c. Anm. 1} Buhl^{Gesenius 12}), see also Dillmann Genesis 24:10.

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נְהָרָה

noun (fem.) light, daylight (as Aramaic נְהוֹרָא, ܢܽܘܗܪܳܐ m.);—וְאַל־תּוֹפַע עָלָיו נ׳ Job 3:4 (opposite חֹשֶׁךְ).

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נוֹב

Kt (Qr נִיב, q.see) n.[m.] fruit;—construct Isaiah 57:19 fruit of lips (figuratively for thanksgiving).

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נִיב

n.[m.] fruit;—ניב construct Isaiah 57:19 Qr, see above; נִיבוֹ Malachi 1:12 of offerings to י׳ as fruit of his table (‖ אכלו).

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נוֹבָ֑י

n.pr.m. a chief of people Nehemiah 10:20 Qr נִיבָ֑י (Baer; נֵיבָ֑י van d. H., Ginsb; Septuagint Νωβαι (compare Palmyrene נבי n.pr.f. Cook¹²⁴ Lidzbarski³²¹).

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נוֹד

n.[m.

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נוֹד²

appar. n.pr.terr. ארץ־נ׳ Genesis 4:16 of region into which Cain wandered (compare v Genesis 4:12, Genesis 4:14); Septuagint (strangely) Ναιδ; Vulgate appellat., profugus in terra, compare Symm Theod, see Ne^{Margin 9}.

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נֹהַּ²

n.[m.] eminency, distinction;—לֹא נֹהַּ בָּהֶם Ezekiel 7:11 no eminency is left in them (so A Septuagint Theod Symm Gesenius Ke), < del. SeptuagintB Co Berthol Toy, cf. also Da.

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נָוָה

verb only

(si vera l.) literally beautify (then connected with נאה be comely, so Buhl Siegfried-Stade; compare Mishnaic Hebrew נוה Niph. shew oneself beautiful, Nithp. adorn oneself, נָוֶה adjective beautiful, Levy^NHWB);—future (עתיד) 1st singular with suffix אַנְוֵהוּ Exodus 15:2 I will beautify, adorn him (with praises; obj. י׳; ‖ רומם; Septuagint δοξάσω, Vulgate glorificabo).—Adj. נָוָה Jeremiah 6:2, see נָאוֶה sub [נָאָה].

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נָוָה²

verbdenom. dwell, abide (si vera l.);—only

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular לֹא יִנְוֶה Habakkuk 2:5 he shall not abide, so Ke; Hitzig rest (compare Davidson); Wellhausen proposes יִרְוֶה be satiated, compare Peshitta Krochm יָנוּחַ.

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נָוֶה²

adjective dwelling, abiding;—only (si vera l.) נְוַת בַּיִת Psalms 68:13 she that is abiding at home.—נָוָה Jeremiah 6:2 see נָאוֶה sub [נָאָה].

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נָוָה³

noun (fem.) pasture, meadow;—plural construct נְוֹת Zephaniah 2:6, usually נְאוֹת Psalms 23:2 + 11 times;—

pasture, meadow: נ׳ הָרֹעִים Amos 1:2, compare Zephaniah 2:6 (‖ גִּדְרוֹת צֹאן; see also [כָּרָה] p. 500 above); especially נְאוֹת (הַ)מִּדְבָּר Jeremiah 9:9; Jeremiah 23:10 Psalms 65:13, Joel 1:19, Joel 1:20; Joel 2:22; נ׳ דֶּשֶׁא Psalms 23:2 grassy pastures; נ׳ אֱלֹהִים Psalms 83:13 pastures of God, that is the land of Canaan, נ׳ יַעֲקֹב Lamentations 2:2; נ׳ הַשָּׁלוֹם Jeremiah 25:37 meadows of peace;

נ׳ חָמָס Psalms 74:20 appar. habitations (?) of violence, but read probably גַּאֲוָה וְח׳, so Bi Cheyne (see Psalms 73:6).—Jeremiah 6:2 see sub [נָאָה]; Job 8:6 see i. נָוֶה.

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נוּחַ

verb rest (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic נוּחַ, ܢܳܚ; Phoenician נחת n. rest; poss. also verb ינח (Iph. past (עבר)), compare Levy cited CIS ^{i. 118} Lidzbarski ³²²; Assyrian nâḫu, rest, and deriv.; Ethiopic ኖኀ: be extended, long, rarely rest; Arabic ناخ iv. is make camel lie down on his breast; مُنَاخٌ resting-place of camel, compare Doughty^{Arabic Des. i, 397, ii, 63, 486, 642});—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular נָ֫חָה Isaiah 7:2 + 2 times, וְנָחָה Isaiah 11:2; 1st singular נָ֑חְתִּי Job 3:26; 1st plural נַחְנוּ II Samuel 17:12; 3rd plural נָ֫חוּ Esther 9:22, וְנָחוּ Isaiah 7:19; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָנוּחַ Exodus 23:12 + 6 times, וַיָּ֫נַח Exodus 10:14; Exodus 20:11; 3rd feminine singular תָּנוּחַ Isaiah 25:10 Proverbs 14:33, וַתָּ֫נַח Genesis 8:4 Numbers 11:26; 2nd masculine singular תָּנוּחַ Daniel 12:13 etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute נוֹחַ Esther 9:16, Esther 9:17, Esther 9:18; construct לָנוּחַ II Samuel 21:10; כְּנוֹחַ Numbers 11:25 Joshua 3:13 Nehemiah 9:28; with suffix 3rd masculine singular בְּנֻחֹה Numbers 10:36;—לְנוּחֶ֑ךָ II Chronicles 6:41 see מְנוּחָה;—

rest, settle down and remain, followed by עַל; of birds II Samuel 21:10; ark Genesis 8:4; נָ֫חָה אֲרָם עַל־אֶפְרַיִם Isaiah 7:2 Aram hath settled down upon Ephraim; of spirit of י׳ Numbers 11:25, Numbers 11:26, Isaiah 11:2; spirit of Elijah II Kings 2:15; sceptre of wicked Psalms 125:3 (in figuratively); followed by בְּ location: of insects Exodus 10:14, Isaiah 7:19 (figuratively of invaders); of soles of feet resting in water Joshua 3:13; hand of י׳ Isaiah 25:10; wisdom Proverbs 14:33; anger Ecclesiastes 7:9; בִּקְהַל וְפָאִים יָנוּחַ Proverbs 21:16 in the assembly of Shades shall be settle down; absolute, = stop, of ark at stages of journey Numbers 10:36; cease speaking I Samuel 25:9.

repose, be quiet, have rest: after labour Exodus 20:11 (E; of God), Exodus 23:12 (E; of cattle), Deuteronomy 5:14 (of slave); have rest from (מִן) enemies Esther 9:16 (inf. absolute נוֹחַ, + עָמוֹד, הָרוֹג), v Esther 9:22, compare (absolute) v Esther 9:17, Esther 9:18 (in both + עָשׂה), Nehemiah 9:28; be at rest (from trouble), absolute, Job 3:26 (+ שָׁלַוְתִּי, שָׁקַטְתִּי); of the earth Isaiah 14:7; in couch of the grave Isaiah 57:2; in Sheʿôl Job 3:17, so probably Daniel 12:13; also לֹא תָּנוּחַ לָךְ Isaiah 23:12 = thou shall not be at rest, compare impers. יָנוּחַ לִי Job 3:13 = I should be at rest (in Sheʾôl).—אָנוּחַ לְיוֹם צָרָה Habakkuk 3:16 is doubtful: I wait quietly for the day of distress De Ke Hitzig-St Siegfried-Stade, so Nowack, doubtfully; Wellhausen conjunction אֶנָּחֵם as Isaiah 1:24 I will appease me GASm leaves untransl.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הֵנִיחַ Joshua 22:4 +; 1st singular וַהֲנִיחֹ֫תִי II Samuel 7:11 +; הֵנִ֫יחוּ Zechariah 6:8; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָנִיחַ Exodus 17:11 +; וַיָּ֫נַח Joshua 21:42 +; with suffix וַיְנִיחֵנִי Ezekiel 37:1; Ezekiel 40:2; 3rd feminine singular with suffix תְּנִיחֶנּוּ Isaiah 63:14 (but see below), etc.; imperative (ציווי) mpl. הָנִ֫יחוּ Isaiah 28:12; infinitive (מקור) construct הָנִיחַ Isaiah 14:3 +, with suffix הֲנִיחִי Ezekiel 24:13; participle (בינוני) מֵנִיחַ Joshua 1:13;—

cause to rest = give rest to:

followed by direct object יָדוֹ Exodus 17:11, רוּחִי Zechariah 6:8; so appar. followed by חֲמָתִי + ב person, quiet (that is sate) my fury by (weak it upon) Ezekiel 5:13 (del. Co), Ezekiel 16:42, Ezekiel 24:13, also Ezekiel 21:22 (Co adds ב person).

usually followed by ל person: (1) give rest to that is bring to resting-place Exodus 33:14, Deuteronomy 3:20 Joshua 1:13, Joshua 1:15; Joshua 22:4 (all D), I Chronicles 23:25; so, c. with suffix, Isaiah 63:14 (si vera l.; Vrss Lo Ewald Brd Cheyne^Haupt. read תַּנְחֶנּוּ, leadeth him, √ נחה); (2) of freedom from enemies, Isaiah 28:12 II Chronicles 14:5 + מִכָּל־איבים [מִסָּבִיב] Deuteronomy 12:10; Deuteronomy 25:19 Joshua 23:1, II Samuel 7:1, II Samuel 7:11 I Chronicles 22:9; so + מִסָּבִיב alone I Kings 5:18 Joshua 21:42, I Chronicles 22:18 II Chronicles 14:6; II Chronicles 15:15; II Chronicles 20:30, so also probably II Chronicles 32:22 (for Masoretic Text וַיְנַהֲלֵם מִסָּבִיב); (3) of freedom from suffering, + מֵעָצְבְּךָ וגו׳ Isaiah 14:3.

make quiet in mind, set at rest וִינִיהֶ֑ךָ Proverbs 29:17 discipline thy son, that he may give thee quiet (of mind; ‖ יִתֵּן מַעֲדַנִּים לְנַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ).

cause to rest (that is light) upon, with a direct object staff + עַל person Isaiah 30:32; with a direct object blessing + אֶל־ Ezekiel 44:30; cause to alight, set down, c. with suffix person + בְּתוֹךְ location Ezekiel 37:1; + אֶל־ location Ezekiel 40:2.— For this meaning see especially B. below

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִנִּיחַ Judges 3:1 +, הִנִּחַ I Kings 8:9, with suffix וְהִנִּיחוֹ Deuteronomy 26:4, וְהִנִּיחָם Leviticus 16:23 both consec.; 2nd masculine singular וְהִנַּחְתָּ֫ Deuteronomy 14:28, with suffix וְהִנַּחְתּוֹ Deuteronomy 26:10 consec., etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַנִּיחַ Leviticus 7:15, וַיַּנַּה Judges 2:23 +, with suffix וַיַּנִּיחֵהוּ Exodus 16:34; 3rd feminine singular וַתַּנַּח Genesis 39:16, 2nd masculine singular juss. אַל־תַּנַּח Ecclesiastes 7:18 + 2 times, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. הַנַּח Hosea 4:7 + 2 times, הַנִּ֫יחָה Exodus 32:10 Judges 16:26, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct with suffix לְהַנִּיחוֹ Numbers 32:15, לְהַנִּיחָם Esther 3:8; participle (בינוני) מַנִּיחַ Ecclesiastes 5:11;—

lay or set down, deposit, let lie, with a direct object rei, usually + word of place: stones at ford of Jordan Joshua 4:3, Joshua 4:8, ark I Samuel 6:18, garments Genesis 39:16, Leviticus 16:23, Ezekiel 42:14; Ezekiel 44:19; compare Exodus 16:23, Exodus 16:24, Exodus 16:33, Exodus 16:34 Numbers 17:19, Numbers 17:22 (all P), Deuteronomy 26:4, Deuteronomy 26:10 I Kings 8:9; I Kings 13:31 Ezekiel 40:42; Ezekiel 42:13; so, direct object om., Judges 6:18, Judges 6:20 Deuteronomy 14:28 Numbers 19:9, I Samuel 10:25; place, put, followed by direct object person + local modif., Genesis 2:15, Genesis 19:16, Joshua 6:23, Leviticus 24:12 Numbers 15:34 (both P), Isaiah 14:1; Isaiah 46:7 Ezekiel 37:14; probably also Zechariah 5:11 (read וְהִנִּיחֻהָ, see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 72 ee); read וַיַּנִּיחֵם also II Kings 18:11 (Septuagint ἔθετο; for Masoretic Text וַיַּנְחֵם; compare וַיּשֶׁב אוֹתָם ‖ II Kings 17:6); place corpse on (אֶל־) ass I Kings 13:29, in grave v I Kings 13:30; horsemen and chariots in cities II Chronicles 1:14; II Chronicles 9:25, so read also ‖ I Kings 10:26 (Septuagint ἔθετο; for Masoretic Text וַיַּנְחֵם); tables in temple II Chronicles 4:8; idols in shrines II Kings 17:29 (direct object om.). Here belongs perhaps also וְגַם מִזֶּה אַל־תַּנַּח אֶת־יָדֶ֑ךָ Ecclesiastes 7:18 and also from this do not let thy hand lie (idle), that is engage in it, compare Ecclesiastes 11:6; lay down forcibly, thrust down הִנִּיחַ לָאָרֶץ בְּיָ֑ד Isaiah 28:2, compare Amos 5:7; perhaps also Ezekiel 22:20 (absolute; but del. Co Berthol, after Septuagint).

let remain, leave (in present condition), obj. nations Judges 2:23; Judges 3:1 Jeremiah 27:11, people in wilderness Numbers 32:15; וְהִנִּיחוּךְ עֵירֹם וְעֶרְיָה Ezekiel 16:39; followed by direct object rei Leviticus 7:15 I Kings 7:47 (leave unweighed); leave behind followed by direct object person Genesis 42:33, II Samuel 16:21; II Samuel 20:3 I Kings 19:3 Jeremiah 43:6; + אֶת־פְּנֵי I Samuel 22:4 (read וַיַּנִּחֵם, for Masoretic Text וַיַּנְחֵם, and he left them with Peshitta Targum Vulgate Wellhausen Driver Klostermann Budde Löhr HPS; leave name, for a curse Isaiah 65:15; leave or bequeath to (ל), with a direct object rei, Psalms 17:14 Ecclesiastes 2:18.

leave = depart from, מְקוֹמְךָ אַל־תַּנַּח Ecclesiastes 10:4 do not leave thy place.

abandon, followed by direct object person Jeremiah 14:9; בַּל־תַּנִּיחֵנִי לְעשְׁקָ֑י Psalms 119:121 abandon me not to my oppressors.

let alone (refrain from interfering with), followed by ל person Exodus 32:10 (JE; obj. י׳), Hosea 4:17 II Samuel 16:11 II Kings 23:18; followed by direct object person Esther 3:8; = avoid יַנִּיחַ חֲטָאִים גְּדוֹלִים Ecclesiastes 10:4 (but read perhaps יָנִיחַ, causeth to rest = allayeth compare Wild)

permit, with a direct object person Judges 16:26 (v GFM); + inf. לֹא הִנִּיחַ אָדָם לְעָשְׁקָם Psalms 105:14 = I Chronicles 16:21, where הִנִּיחַ לְאִישׁ, compare מַנִּיחַ לוֹ לִישׁוֹן Ecclesiastes 5:11.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הוּנַח־לָ֑נוּ Lamentations 5:5 that is no rest is granted to us; for 3rd feminine singular וְהֻנִ֫יחָה Zechariah 5:11 [so Baer Ginsb; Van d. H. והֻנּ׳] read probably וְהִנִּיחֻהָ see above Hiph. B 1.

participle (בינוני) מֻנָּ֔ח as noun = space left, open space Ezekiel 41:9, Ezekiel 41:11^(×2).

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נוֹחַ

see נוח infinitive (מקור) absolute נוּחַ II Chronicles 6:41 see מְנוּחָה.

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נוֹחָה

n.pr.m. 4th son of Benjamin according to I Chronicles 8:2. Septuagint Ιωα, A Νωα, SeptuagintL Νουαα.

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נַ֫חַת

n.[f.] (appar. m. Job 36:16, but see below) quietness, rest (under this √ Gesenius' Thesaurus Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 164 c Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 201 d Konig^{ii. 172 f.}; > sub נחת Delitzsch^{Prol 118 ff.});—נ׳ Isaiah 30:15 + 2 times, נָ֑חַת Job 17:16 + 2 times; construct נַ֫חַת Job 36:16;—

quietness, quiet attitude Isaiah 30:15 (‖ הַשְׁקֵט); דִּבְרֵי חֲכָמִים בְּנ׳ נִשְׁמָעִים Ecclesiastes 9:17; opposite עָמָל וּרְעוּת רוּחַ Ecclesiastes 4:6; opposite רָגַז, שָׂחַק Proverbs 29:9; of comfort of one’s table, that is its satisfying plenty, וְנ׳ שֻׁלְחָֽנְךָ מָלֵא דָ֑שֶׁן Job 36:16 the comfort of thy table, which (that is the table) was full of fat(Dillmann, compare Budde; > that which is set on thy table shall be, etc. De al., making נ׳ subj. of מָלֵא, and so masculine).

rest of death Job 17:16; read נֵחָ֑ת (Septuagint Duhm Driver), √ נחת = descend (compare Job 21:13). of a still-born child Ecclesiastes 6:5.—ii, iii. נַחַת see נחת.

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נֹחַ

n.pr.m. Noah (Nab. n.pr. נוח Lidzbarski ³²², Syriac n.pr. ܢܘܚ Meissn^{VOJ viii, (1894), 303 ad fin. (Noldeke. 116)});—Genesis 5:29 (where trad. etym.), + 40 times Genesis 5-10 (not in ED); I Chronicles 1:4; נֹחַ דָּנִאֵל וְאִיּוֹב Ezekiel 14:14, Ezekiel 14:20; מֵי נֹחַ = flood Isaiah 54:9^(×2); Septuagint Νωε.—On hist. of interpret. of name see Goldziher^{ZMG xxiv. (1870), 207 ff.}

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נִיחֹחַ

and (Leviticus 1:9) נִיחוֹחַ₄₃ n.[m.] a quieting, soothing, tranquillizing (compare i. נַחַת Job 36:16) (ריח ניחח also Ecclus Ben Sira 45:16 c; on format. see Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 187 b Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 233 Barth^{NB § 142} Konig^{ii. 1, 151, 489}, where, after Philippi^{BAS ii. 362}, ִי expl. as dissim. from וֹ);— absolute נ׳ Genesis 8:21 +; with suffix נִיחֹחִי Numbers 28:2, נִיחֹחֲכֶם Leviticus 26:31, נִיחוֹחֵיהֶם Ezekiel 20:28;—a soothing, tranquilizing, only in phr. רֵיח נ׳ = soothing, tranquillizing odour of sacrifices acceptable to י׳ Genesis 8:21, Exodus 29:18, Exodus 29:25, Exodus 29:41 Leviticus 1:9, Leviticus 1:13, Leviticus 1:17 + 32 times P. Ezekiel 20:41; of sacrif. to idols † Ezekiel 6:13; Ezekiel 16:19; Ezekiel 20:28.

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נוּם

verb be drowsy, slumber (Mishnaic Hebrew נוּם, נִמְנֵם the same; Aramaic נוּם, ܢܳܡ; Arabic ((نوم) نَامَ) the same; Ethiopic ኖመ );—

past (עבר) 3rd plural נָמ֫וּ Nahum 3:18 Psalms 76:6 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 72 l); future (עתיד) יָנוּם Psalms 121:3 + 2 times; 3rd feminine singular וַתָּ֫נָם II Samuel 4:6 (so read for ℌ וַיַּכֻּהו, with other radical changes, Septuagint Th Wellhausen Driver Kittel Budde HPS); infinitive (מקור) construct לָנוּם Isaiah 56:10.—be drowsy, slumber, literally וַתָּנָם וַתִּישָׁ֑ן II Samuel 4:6 (emend., see above) and she grew drowsy and slept; figuratively of inactivity, indolence, Isaiah 5:27 (‖ ישׁן), Psalms 121:3, Psalms 121:4 (of י׳; ‖ the same); Nahum 3:18 (‖ שָׁכֵן); אֹהֲבֵי לָנ׳ Isaiah 56:10 (‖ שָׁכַב); followed by direct object cogn. שֵׁנָה Psalms 76:6 (of death, ‖ נִרְדַּם).

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נוּמָה

noun (fem.) somnolence, figuratively for indolence, Proverbs 23:21.

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נוּן

verb propagate, increase (si vera l.) (> denom. from נין Hup-Nowack Siegfried-Stade;—Mishnaic Hebrew נוּן = fish, so Aramaic נוּנָא, ܢܽܘܢܳܐ, Assyrian nûnu);—

(or Hiph.?) future (עתיד) ינין Kt; >

ינּוֹן Qr Psalms 72:17 let his name have increase (or, if Niph., be propagated, spread); but doubtful, Vrss perhaps יִכּוֹן be established, endure.

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נוּן²

and (I Chronicles 7:27) נוֹן n.pr.m. father of Joshua I Chronicles 7:27; elsewhere always בִּן־נוּן(יְהוֹשֻׁעַ) Exodus 33:11 Numbers 11:28; Numbers 13:8, Numbers 13:16 + 22 times Nu Dt Jos (JEDP); also Judges 2:8 I Kings 16:34 Nehemiah 8:17; Septuagint Ναυη (for Ναυν by error, compare Gesenius' Thesaurus).

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נִין

n.[m.] offspring, posterity;—absolute Job 18:19 Isaiah 14:22; with suffix נִינִי Genesis 21:23 (all ‖ נֶכֶד).

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נוּס

verb flee, escape (Syriac ܢܳܣ tremble (rare), compare Brockelmann; Arabic نوس, نَاسَ move to and fro, be in commotion, dangle, Lane ²⁸⁶⁶);—

past (עבר) נָס Numbers 35:25 +; נַ֫סְתָּה II Kings 9:3; נַ֫סְתִּי I Samuel 4:16, etc.; future (עתיד) יָנוּס Exodus 21:13 +; וַיָּנָ֫ס Genesis 39:12 +; יְנוּס֑וּן Psalms 104:7, etc.; imperative (ציווי) mpl. נֻ֫סוּ Jeremiah 48:6 + 4 times Je Zc; infinitive (מקור) absolute נוֹס II Samuel 18:3; construct לָנוּס (לָנֻס) Genesis 19:20 +; participle (בינוני) נָס Amos 9:1 +; נָסִים Exodus 14:27 +; —

flee, absolute Genesis 39:12, Genesis 39:15 Numbers 16:34 (all J); Joshua 10:16; Leviticus 26:17, Leviticus 26:36; figuratively of sea Psalms 114:3, Psalms 114:5 compare Psalms 104:7; followed by direct object cogn. מָנוֹס Jeremiah 46:5, followed by דֶּרֶךְ Joshua 8:15, II Kings 9:27; followed by בְּדֶרֶךְ Deuteronomy 28:7, Deuteronomy 28:25; נ׳ אֶל־נַפְשָׁם II Kings 7:7 flee for their life, נ׳ בְּרַגְלָיו Judges 4:15 flee on foot; + 44 times absolute (not elsewhere Hex); followed by אֶל־ location Deuteronomy 4:42; Deuteronomy 19:5, Deuteronomy 19:11, Numbers 35:32 Joshua 20:4 (both P), Judges 4:17 I Kings 2:28, I Kings 2:29 Isaiah 13:14; followed by לְ I Samuel 4:10 + 6 times + לִקְרָאתוֹ Exodus 14:27 (E; not elsewhere Hex); followed by עַד Judges 7:22 + Proverbs 28:17 (עַד־בּוֹר, see בּוֹר); followed by עַל־ Isaiah 10:3; followed by ָה location Genesis 14:10 + 4 times JE, Numbers 35:6 + 6 times P, Deuteronomy 4:42; Deuteronomy 19:3, Deuteronomy 19:4, + 6 times; followed by שָׁם Isaiah 20:6; followed by direct object location Joshua 8:20, + 4 times; followed by מִמֶּרְחָק Isaiah 17:13 = far away; followed by מִן from, Joshua 20:6, I Samuel 4:16 + 3 times; מִתּוֹךְ Jeremiah 51:6; especially מִפְּנֵי from before Exodus 4:3; Exodus 14:25 Numbers 10:35 Joshua 10:11 (all JE), I Samuel 17:24 Jeremiah 48:44 (Qr הַנָּס, > Kt הניס), + 19 times; followed by לִפְנֵי Joshua 7:4; Joshua 8:5, Joshua 8:6^(×2) (all J), I Samuel 4:17 II Samuel 24:13, מִלִּפְנֵי I Chronicles 19:18.

escape Amos 9:1 (‖ נמלט) so Jeremiah 46:6; hence

take flight, depart, disappear, only figuratively; Deuteronomy 34:7 his freshness (לֵחֹה vigour) was not gone (‖ לֹא כָֽהֲתָה עינו); of shadows (at evening), Song of Songs 2:17; Song of Songs 4:6; of sorrow etc. Isaiah 35:10; Isaiah 51:11.

נ׳ עַל־סוּס Isaiah 30:16 fly (to the attack) on horseback.

past (עבר) Isaiah 59:19 רוּחַ י׳ נֹסֲסָה בּוֹ the breath of י׳ driveth at it, driveth it on (compare Hiph. 2). †Hithpoʿl. infinitive (מקור) construct לְהִתְנוֹסֵס מִפְּנֵי Psalms 60:6 in order to take flight before the bow (so Vrss Hup-Nowack but see ii. [נסס]).

past (עבר) הֵנִיס Exodus 9:20; future (עתיד) יָנִיסוּ Deuteronomy 32:30 + Judges 7:21 Kt (Qr וַיָּנוּסוּ Qal); infinitive (מקור) construct לְהָנִיס Judges 6:11;—

put to flight, followed by direct object Deuteronomy 32:30 (‖ רדף).

drive hastily to a safe place Exodus 9:20, followed by direct object + אֶל־.

cause to disappear, hide Judges 6:11 (no obj. expr.) followed by מִפְּנֵי.

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נוּעַ

verb quiver, wave, waver, tremble, totter (Mishnaic Hebrew Pilp. נִעְנַע shake, Aramaic נוּעַ waver, stagger (rare); Arabic نوع, نَاعَ bend (of boughs), see commotus fuit (of the same), so Kam. Freytag also change, نَوْعٌ kind, species, variety; Dillmann cp. Ethiopic ነዐወ hunt);—

past (עבר) נָ֫עוּ Job 28:4 +; וְנָע֫וּ Amos 4:8 + 2 times; future (עתיד) וַיָּ֫נַע Isaiah 7:2; 3rd feminine singular תָּנוּעַ Isaiah 24:20; אֲנוּעֲךָ II Samuel 15:20 Kt (but read Qr Hiph. q.see); יָנ֫וּעוּ Psalms 109:10; יְנוּע֑וּן Psalms 59:16 Kt (so read; not Qr Hiph.), etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute נוֹעַ Isaiah 24:20 Psalms 109:10; construct נוּעַ Judges 9:9 + 3 times; נוֹעַ Isaiah 7:2; participle (בינוני) נָע Genesis 4:12, Genesis 4:14; נָעִים Proverbs 22:19; נָעוֹת I Samuel 1:13:—

wave, of trees, followed by עַל Judges 9:9, Judges 9:11, Judges 9:13; followed by מִפְּנֵי of cause Isaiah 7:2; quiver, vibrate, of lips I Samuel 1:13; swing (to and fro) of miners Job 28:4 (‖ דלל); stagger like drunkard, of mariners in storm Psalms 107:27 (‖ חגג), compare Isaiah 29:9 (‖ שׁכר); hence be unstable, figuratively of ways of harlot Proverbs 5:6; tremble, of doorposts, Isaiah 6:4 (followed by מִן caus.), idols Isaiah 19:1 (followed by מִפְּנֵי), earth Isaiah 24:20 (‖ התנודד), people Exodus 20:15; figuratively of heart Isaiah 7:2.

totter, go tottering (faint and uncertain) Lamentations 4:14 v Lamentations 4:15 (‖ נוּץ), Amos 8:12 (‖ שׁוטט); as beggars Psalms 109:10 (‖ שִׁאֵל), compare Psalms 59:16; Amos 4:8 followed by אֶל־; pt. vagabond Genesis 4:12, Genesis 4:14 (both ‖ נָד); figuratively = err, sin, Jeremiah 14:10.

future (עתיד) יִנּוֹעַ Amos 9:9 be tossed about (of corn) in a sieve; יִנּוֹעוּ the same, of bulwarks as fig-trees Nahum 3:12 (‖ נפל).

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular הֵנִ֫יעָה II Kings 19:21 = Isaiah 37:22; וַהֲנִֽעוֹתִ֫י Amos 9:9; future (עתיד) יָנִיעַ Zephaniah 2:15; juss. יָ֫נַע II Kings 23:18; אֲנִיעֲךָ II Samuel 15:20 Qr (compare Qal); יְנִיעוּן Psalms 109:25 + Psalms 59:16 Qr (read Kt Qal q.see), etc.; imperative (ציווי) with suffix הֲנִיעֵ֫מוֹ Psalms 59:12;—

toss about Amos 9:9 subj. י׳, obj. Isr. followed by בַּגּוֹיִם (compare Niph.).

shake, cause to totter: = set me tottering Daniel 10:10 on my knees and hands; especially shake or wag the head, in mockery II Kings 19:21 = Isaiah 37:22 (‖ בוז, לעג) compare Psalms 22:8; Psalms 109:25; followed by עַל־ Job 16:4 (בְּמוֹ ר׳ [Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 119 q]), also Lamentations 2:15 (‖ שׁרק), Zephaniah 2:15 יָדוֹ (‖ the same, [see also Ecclus Ben Sira 12:18; Ben Sira 13:7 (בְּר׳)].

(shake), disturb, bones of dead II Kings 23:18.

cause to wander Numbers 32:13; II Samuel 15:20 (followed by ללכת); Psalms 59:12 (‖ הוריד, for which Lagarde ^{Proph. Chald. xlviii.} proposes הניד).

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נֹעָה

n.pr.f. a daughter of Zelophahad (of Manasseh), Numbers 26:33; Numbers 27:1; Numbers 36:11 Joshua 17:3 Septuagint Νουα.

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נָפָה

noun (fem.) sieve or ther winnowing implement, Dillmann Duhm Schwinge, Cheyne^Haupt. fan (as swung);—only construct לַהֲנָפָה גוֹיִם בְּנָ֫פַת שָׁוְא Isaiah 30:28 to swing nations in a sieve of worthlessness.

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נוֹף

n.[m.] elevation, height (Mishnaic Hebrew נוֹף is tree-top, bough, so Targum נוֹפָא);—יְפֵה נ׳ Psalms 48:3 beautiful in elevation (of Mount Zion).

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נָפָה²

noun (fem.) height;—only construct in combin. נָפַת דּוֹר Joshua 12:23 = נ׳ דֹּאר I Kings 4:11, plural construct נָפוֹת ד׳ Joshua 11:2; compare ii. דּוֹר, and Dillmann Joshua 11:2; see also [נֶפֶת].

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נוֹצָה

see I. נצה.

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נוּק

verb whence (si vera l.) might come,

suckle, nurse;—future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular with suffix וַתְּנִיקֵ֫הוּ Exodus 2:9, but see ינק and Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 70 e; read probably וַתֵּינ׳ (Sam. ותיניקהו).

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נֵר

noun (masc.) Exodus 25:37 lamp;—נ׳ absolute Exodus 27:20 +, construct I Samuel 3:3 +; with suffix נֵרִי Psalms 18:29, †נֵירִי ‖ II Samuel 22:29, etc.; plural נֵרוֹת absolute Leviticus 24:4 +; construct Exodus 39:37; with suffix נֵרֹתֶיהָ Exodus 25:37^(×2) +, נֵרֹתֵיהֶם I Chronicles 28:15 II Chronicles 4:20;—lamp in shrine at Shiloh I Samuel 3:3; especially of lamps in temple I Kings 7:49 + 7 times Ch, and in tabern. Exodus 25:37^(×2) + 15 times P; compare in Zech.’s vision Zechariah 4:2^(×2) as token of merrymaking Jeremiah 25:10; used in search Zephaniah 1:12, compare (figuratively) נֵר י׳ נִשְׁמַת אָדָם Proverbs 20:27; used in household work Proverbs 31:18; figuratively of prosperity נ׳ יִשְׂרָאֵל II Samuel 21:17 (embodied in David); also Job 18:6; Job 21:17; Job 29:3 Psalms 18:29 = II Samuel 22:29, Psalms 132:17 Proverbs 13:9; Proverbs 20:20; Proverbs 24:20; of God’s word as a guide Psalms 119:105, compare Proverbs 6:23.

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נֵר²

n.pr.m. Septuagint Νηρ:

father of Abner I Samuel 14:50, I Samuel 14:51; I Samuel 26:5, I Samuel 26:14 II Samuel 2:8, II Samuel 2:12; II Samuel 3:23, II Samuel 3:25, II Samuel 3:28, II Samuel 3:37 I Kings 2:5, I Kings 2:32; I Chronicles 26:28.

father of Kish I Chronicles 8:33; I Chronicles 9:36, I Chronicles 9:39.

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נִיר

n.[m.] lamp;—always figuratively לְמַעַן הֱיוֹת־נ׳ לְדָוִיד I Kings 11:36, that is that his family may remain on the throne; compare I Kings 15:4; II Kings 8:19 = II Chronicles 21:7; = happiness, delight (construct) נִר רְשָׁעִים Proverbs 21:4 (so Vrss Gesenius' Thesaurus Buhl Nowack Wild, > Ewald Del Siegfried-Stade Frankenb = ii. נִיר sub i. [נִיר] below).

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נֵרִיָּהוּ

n.pr.m. father of Baruch: נֵרִיָּהוּ Jeremiah 36:14, Jeremiah 36:32; Jeremiah 43:6; Jeremiah 45:1, = father of Seraiah Jeremiah 51:59; נֵרִיָּה Jeremiah 32:12, Jeremiah 32:16; Jeremiah 36:4, Jeremiah 36:8; Jeremiah 43:3; Septuagint Νηριου; compare Gray ^{Prop. N. 294.}

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נָזָה

verb spurt, spatter, Hiph. sprinkle (Mishnaic Hebrew Hiph. sprinkle; Aramaic נְדָא, אַדֵּי Leviticus 4:6 and often, for הִזָּה; Syriac ܢܕܳܐ is erupit, stillavit Isaiah 63:3, also prominuit, etc. Payne Smith (Syriac Thesaurus)²²⁹¹);—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִזֶּה Leviticus 6:20^(×2), וְיֵז Isaiah 63:3 (but read; וַיֵּז Cheyne Dillmann Duhm Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 53, p. N., 107 b N. al.), וַיִּז II Kings 9:33;—spurt, spatter, always of blood:—וַיִּן מִדָּמָהּ אֶל־ II Kings 9:33 and some of her blood spurted against the wall; so ויז נִצְחָם Isaiah 63:3 (c. עַל־ rei, in metaphorically); יִזֶּה מִדָּמָה Leviticus 6:20, compare v Leviticus 6:20 (both c. עַל־ rei).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular וְהִזָּה consec. Leviticus 4:6 + 12 times; 2nd masculine singular וְהִזֵּיתָ֫ Exodus 29:21; future (עתיד) יַזֶּה Leviticus 16:14 (Isaiah 52:15, see below); וַיַּז Leviticus 8:11, Leviticus 8:30; imperative (ציווי) הַזֵּה Numbers 8:7; participle (בינוני) construct מַזֵּה Numbers 19:21;—cause to spurt, sprinkle upon in ceremonials of P: with a direct object + עַל־ person Numbers 8:7 (water), + עַל־ rei, לִפְנֵי rei Leviticus 16:15; obj. often מִן partit., or implied in context; followed by עַל־ Leviticus 5:9; Leviticus 14:7; Leviticus 16:14, Leviticus 16:19 (all of blood); Leviticus 8:11 (oil); Numbers 19:18, Numbers 19:19 (water), Exodus 29:21; Leviticus 8:30 (both blood and oil); followed by אֶל־ Leviticus 14:51 (blood and water), אֶל־נֹכַח פְּנֵי Numbers 19:4 (blood); followed by לִפְנֵי Leviticus 4:6, Leviticus 4:17; Leviticus 16:14 (blood), 14:16, Leviticus 8:27 (oil); once without preposition מַזֵּה Numbers 19:21 the sprinkler of the water.—Isaiah 52:15 see II. נזה.

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נָזָה²

verb (doubtful) spring, leap (compare Arabic نَزَا leap, leap up, upon, Gesenius' Thesaurus Freytag ^{Prov. Ar. 1, 171. 297; 22, 138; 25, 11});—hence, according to many,

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular כֵּן יַזֶּה גּוֹיִם רַבִּים Isaiah 52:15 so shall he cause to leap (that is in joyful surprise, or = startle) many nations; but perhaps crpt.; Cheyne ^Comm. יַתֵּר in like sense; < יִרְגְּזוּ (for יזהגוים) many shall tremble (see רגז), GFM ^{JBL 1890, 216 ff.} compare Cheyne ^Haupt..

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נָזִיד²

see זיד.

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נֶ֫זֶם

noun (masc.) ^{Job 42:11} ring, always of gold when material mentioned;—נ׳ absolute Genesis 24:30 +; construct v Genesis 24:22 +; with suffix נִזְמָהּ Hosea 2:15; plural נְזָמִים Genesis 35:4; construct נִזְמֵי Exodus 32:2 +;—

nose-ring (Syriac ܙܡܳܡܳܐ) woman’s ornament, נ׳ עַל־אַפָּהּ Genesis 24:47 compare v Genesis 24:22, Genesis 24:30; נִזְמֵי הָאָף Isaiah 3:21 (‖ טַבַּ֫עַת seal-ring); perhaps also Hosea 2:15; Ezekiel 16:12 figuratively of י׳’s adoring Jerus. (‖ עֲגִילִים עַל־אָזְנַיִךְ); compare נ׳ בְּאַף חֲזִיר Proverbs 11:22.

earring, ornament of men and women, Genesis 35:4, נ׳ אֲשֶׁר בְּאָזְנֵיהֶם so Exodus 32:2, Exodus 32:3 (all E); compare Proverbs 25:12 (in sim. of wise reprover), and perhaps Exodus 35:22 (P; ‖ טַבַּ֫עַת); probably also Judges 8:24^(×2), Judges 8:25, Judges 8:26 (of men, compare GFM), Job 42:11.—Cf. further Gei^{Jüd. Zeitschr. x (1872), 45 ff.} Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 434, 2d ed. 453}; also ref. sub נזר.

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נֵ֫זֶר

noun (masc.) ^{Psalms 132:18} consecration, crown, Naziriteship;—נ׳ absolute II Samuel 1:10 +; construct Exodus 29:6 +; with suffix נִזְרוֹ Psalms 89:40 +, נִזְרֵךְ Jeremiah 7:29;—

crown (sign of consecration; Wellhausen^{Skizzen iii. 118} cp. Syriac קדשא [ܩܕܳܫܳܐ], earring; see also Gei^{Jüd. Zeitschr. x. 45. ff.} on נֶוֶם):

of kg. II Samuel 1:10 II Kings 11:12 = II Chronicles 23:11; symbol of royal power Psalms 89:40; Psalms 132:18; compare Proverbs 27:24; אַבְנֵי נ׳ Zechariah 9:16 stones of a crown, diadem (probably; > Wellhausen Nowack—who del., compare GASm—stones of charming, from use of precious stones as charms.

of high priest, נ׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Exodus 29:6, made of gold Exodus 39:30 Leviticus 8:9 (all P).

woman’s hair (orig. probably of long hair as sign of consecration, as in Nazirite vow, compare Numbers 6:19 below, and נָזִיר, also Wellhausen^{Skizzen iii. 117, 167; Arabic Heidenthum 2, p. 143} RSSem ^{i. 464, 2d ed. 483}), Jeremiah 7:29 (of personif. Jerus.).

consecration

of h. p. נ׳ שֶׁמֶן מִשְׁחַת א׳ עליו Leviticus 21:12 the consecration of the oil of anointing of his God is upon him.

in Numbers 6, specif. of Nazirite consecration (compare נָזִיר): נ׳ אֱלֹהָיו עָלָיו Numbers 6:7, נֶדֶר נִזְרוֹ v Numbers 6:5, טָמֵא נ׳ v Numbers 6:12, רֹאֹשׁ נ׳ (because of unshorn hair) v Numbers 6:9, Numbers 6:18^(×2), יְמֵי נ׳ (כָּל־) v Numbers 6:4, Numbers 6:8, Numbers 6:12, Numbers 6:13, תּוֹרַת נ׳ v Numbers 6:21 b compare עַל־נ׳ v Numbers 6:21 a; in v Numbers 6:19 נ׳ = the hair of his consecration (compare Jeremiah 7:29 above).

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נָזִיר

noun (masc.) ^{Genesis 49:26} one consecrated, devoted (נזיר י׳ Ecclus Ben Sira 46:13 c (of Samuel); compare Syriac ܢܙܝܺܪ Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 463, 2d ed. 483});—נ׳ absolute Numbers 6:2 + 5 times; construct נְזִיר Genesis 49:26 + 4 times; with suffix נְזִירֶ֑ךְ Leviticus 25:5; plural נְזִרִים Amos 2:11, Amos 2:12; with suffix נְזִרֶיהָ Leviticus 25:11, נְזִירֶיהָ Lamentations 4:7;—

of prince, ruler, as consecrated: נְזִיר אֶחָיו Genesis 49:26 (poem in J), one consecrated among his brethren, = Deuteronomy 33:16; compare נְזִירֶיהָ Lamentations 4:7 her princes.

specif. of one dedicated to י׳ by vow involving abstinence from intoxicants, from touching corpse, and from cutting hair (compare נֵזֶר 2), devotee (GFM), Nazirite: נ׳ אֱלֹהִים God’s devotee, of Samson Judges 13:5, Judges 13:7; Judges 16:17 (exceptionally, from birth); usually voluntary Amos 2:11, Amos 2:12, and for limited time, compare נֶדֶר נ׳ Numbers 6:2 (of man or woman; compare Peritz^{JBL xvii (1898), 128}), תּוֹרַת נ׳ v Numbers 6:13, Numbers 6:21, also v Numbers 6:18, Numbers 6:19, Numbers 6:20 (all P; compare also נֵזֶר).—On Naz. see GFM Judges 13:5 Driver ^{Am 2, 11}, especially Grill^{JPTh 1880, 645–680} Nowack^{Arch. ii, § 97} Benz^{Arch. 429 f.} Gray^{JThS Jan. 1900, 201 ff.}

= untrimmed vine (like Nazirite with unshorn hair) Leviticus 25:5, Leviticus 25:11 (HP).

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נֹחַ²

n.pr. see נוח

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נָחָה

verb lead, guide (Arabic نَحَا go in direction of, turn (eyes) toward);—

past (עבר) with suffix נָחַ֫נִי Genesis 24:27 + 2 times; וְנָֽחֲךָ Isaiah 58:11; נָחָם Exodus 13:17; 2nd masculine singular נָחִ֫יתָ Exodus 15:13 Psalms 77:21; imperative (ציווי) נְחֵה Exodus 32:34; with suffix נְחֵנִי Psalms 5:9 + 2 times;—lead, bring, followed by direct object person, subj. man Exodus 32:34 (followed by אֶל־), compare Psalms 60:11; Psalms 108:11 (both followed by עַד־; ‖ הוביל); usually subj. י׳ Genesis 24:27 (J; also followed by בַּדֶּרֶךְ + direct object location), Exodus 13:17 (E; followed by דֶּרֶךְ), Exodus 15:13 (song; ‖ נהל), Psalms 77:21; figuratively of guidance in prosperity and righteousness Psalms 5:9 (‖ הושׁר דרך), Psalms 27:11 (followed by בְּאֹרַח; ‖ הורה דרך), Psalms 139:24 (followed by בדרך עולם); compare Isaiah 58:11.

past (עבר) with suffix הִנְחַ֫נִי Genesis 24:48; 2nd masculine singular with suffix הִנְחִתָם Nehemiah 9:12; future (עתיד) with suffix יַנְחֵ֫נִי Numbers 23:7 Psalms 23:3; יַנְחֶ֫נּוּ Deuteronomy 32:12 Proverbs 18:16; 3rd feminine singular תַּנְחֶה Proverbs 6:22, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct with suffix לְהַנְחֹתָם Nehemiah 9:19; לַנְחֹתָם Exodus 13:21;—lead, guide (= Qal) followed by direct object person Numbers 23:7 (JE; + מִן).—I Samuel 22:4 (+ אֶת־פְּנֵי), I Kings 10:26 II Kings 18:11 see sub נוח Hiph. B.—; of guiding = treating kindly (the helpless) Job 31:18, of guiding constellations Job 38:32 (‖ הוציא); usually subj. י׳ Genesis 24:48 (J; followed by בַּדֶּרֶךְ) Deuteronomy 32:12 Psalms 78:14, Psalms 78:53, Psalms 78:72 (Isr. as flock; ‖ רעה); Isaiah 57:18 Psalms 107:30 (followed by אֶל־); compare of pillar of cloud Exodus 13:21, Nehemiah 9:12, Nehemiah 9:19; also Job 12:23, read probably וַיַּנִּחֵם and leaves them (Jeremiah 14:9). Psalms 67:5; especially in path of blessing Psalms 23:3; Psalms 31:4 (‖ נהל), Psalms 61:3 (followed by בְּ), Psalms 73:24; compare Psalms 43:3; Psalms 139:10 (‖ אחז), Psalms 143:10 (followed by בְּ); also of instruction, etc., Proverbs 6:22; Proverbs 11:3; Proverbs 18:16 (followed by לִפְנֵי).

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נַחֲלָה

noun (fem.) possession, property, inheritance (orig. gift; Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew);—נ׳ Numbers 18:23 +; נַחֲלָת Psalms 16:6 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 80 g), read נַחֲלָתִי Ewald Siegfried-Stade Wellhausen Konig^{ii 1, 425}; construct נַחֲלַת Joshua 13:23; with suffix נַחֲלָתִי Ruth 4:6; נַחֲלַתְכֶם Psalms 105:11; plural נְחָלוֹת Isaiah 49:8, נְחָלֹת Joshua 19:51;—

property:

in Canaan given by י׳ to Israel, †נחלת ישׂראל Judges 20:6; †נ׳ יעקב Isaiah 58:14, especially †אֲשֶׁר נֹתֵן לְךָ נַחֲלָה Deuteronomy 4:21; Deuteronomy 15:4; Deuteronomy 19:10; Deuteronomy 20:16; Deuteronomy 21:23; Deuteronomy 24:4; Deuteronomy 25:19; Deuteronomy 26:1 (all D); הנחלה אשׁר הנחלתי את עמי Jeremiah 12:14.

distrib. among tribes: נתן נ׳ לְ Numbers 16:14; Numbers 36:2 Joshua 14:3 (restore לְ), Joshua 17:4, Joshua 17:14; Joshua 19:49 (all P); נתן לנ׳ לְ Deuteronomy 29:7 Joshua 11:23; Joshua 14:13 (all D²); נָֽחֲלוּ נחלה Joshua 17:6; תֵּחָלֵק בנ׳ Numbers 26:53, Numbers 26:56; נפל בנחלה Numbers 34:2, Judges 18:1 Ezekiel 47:22; הפיל בנ׳ Joshua 13:6; Joshua 23:4 (D²), Ezekiel 45:1; Ezekiel 47:22, also v Ezekiel 48:29 (Co reads ב for מ).

nations as possession of the people, Psalms 111:6; of the king Psalms 2:8.

Levites have no property in the land Numbers 18:23, Numbers 18:24 Deuteronomy 10:9; Deuteronomy 12:12; their possession is י׳ Numbers 18:20; י׳ הוּא נחלתו Deuteronomy 10:9; Deuteronomy 18:2 Joshua 13:14, Joshua 13:33 (all D); the tithes Numbers 18:21, Numbers 18:24, Numbers 18:26.

†י׳ takes Isr. as his property, I Samuel 10:1 I Kings 8:53 II Kings 21:14 Isaiah 19:25 Micah 7:18 Psalms 33:12; Psalms 68:10; Psalms 106:5; עם נחלה Deuteronomy 4:20 (D²); עַמְּךָ וְנַחֲלָֽתְךָ Deuteronomy 9:26, Deuteronomy 9:29, I Kings 8:51; ‖ עַם Isaiah 47:6 Joel 2:17; Joel 4:2 Micah 7:14 Psalms 28:9; Psalms 78:62, Psalms 78:71; Psalms 94:5, Psalms 94:14; Psalms 106:40; נחלת י׳ I Samuel 26:19 II Samuel 20:19; II Samuel 21:3; נ׳ אלהים II Samuel 14:16; יעקב חבל נ׳ Deuteronomy 32:9; שׁבט נ׳ Jeremiah 10:16 = Jeremiah 51:19, Psalms 74:2; שׁבטי נ׳ Isaiah 63:17; also, the holy mt. Exodus 15:17 (song), temple Jeremiah 12:7 Psalms 79:1, land Jeremiah 2:7; Jeremiah 12:8, Jeremiah 12:9; Jeremiah 16:18; Jeremiah 50:11.

portion, share:

assigned by God, Isaiah 54:17 Psalms 37:18; Psalms 127:3; elsewhere ‖ חֵלָק Job 20:29; Job 27:13; Job 31:2.

by choice, ‖ חֵלֶק, לא נ׳ לנו בבן ישׁי II Samuel 20:1 we have no share in the son of Jesse = I Kings 12:16 = II Chronicles 10:16.

inheritance (45 times) חֵלָק וְנַחֲלָה בְּבֵית אָבִינוּ Genesis 31:14 portion or inheritance in the house of our father; העביר נ׳ לְ Numbers 27:7, Numbers 27:8 cause the inheritance to pass unto; נתן נ׳ לְ Numbers 27:9, Numbers 27:10, Numbers 27:11, Job 42:15; †נחלת אבוה Numbers 36:3, Numbers 36:8 I Kings 21:3, I Kings 21:4 Proverbs 19:14; נ׳ לבניו תהיה Ezekiel 46:16.

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נָחַל

verb denom. get or take as a possession (compare Gerber ^{236 ff.}; Ecclus נחל Ben Sira 45:22 b +; Mishnaic Hebrew the same (rare));—

past (עבר) נ׳ Zc, Zechariah 2:16; 2nd masculine singular נָמַלְתָּ Exodus 23:30 + 8 times past (עבר); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִנְחַל Isaiah 57:13; 3rd masculine plural יִנְחֲלוּ Numbers 18:23 + 5 times; יִנְחָ֑לוּ Numbers 26:55 + 2 times; + 8 times future (עתיד); infinitive (מקור) נִחֹל Numbers 34:18 Joshua 19:49;—

take possession, inherit:

land of Canaan, Exodus 23:30, Exodus 32:13, Isaiah 57:13 Ezekiel 47:14; Zion and Judah Psalms 69:37.

special sections in the land, of tribes and individuals, נחל נחלה Joshua 17:6; נחלה אשׁר נ׳ Deuteronomy 19:14, Numbers 35:8, compare Joshua 14:1; without direct object, have or get a (landed) property, Numbers 18:20, Numbers 18:23, Numbers 18:24; Numbers 26:55; Numbers 32:19 Joshua 16:4; Joshua 19:9 (all P), Judges 11:2.

land of Moab and Ammon by conquest Zephaniah 2:9; landed property בכל הגוים Psalms 82:8.

God takes possession of Israel as his private property Exodus 34:9; Judah Zechariah 2:16.

figuratively have or get as a possession, property: testimonies Psalms 119:111, glory Proverbs 3:35, good things Proverbs 28:10, lies Jeremiah 16:19, wind Proverbs 11:29, simplicity Proverbs 14:18.

divide the land for a possession, Numbers 34:17, Numbers 34:18 Joshua 19:49 (all P; incorrect pointing for Piel, so Siegfried-Stade).

divide for a possession: past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִחַל Joshua 13:32; 3rd plural נִחֲלוּ Joshua 14:1; Joshua 19:51; infinitive (מקור) נַחֵל Numbers 34:29 (all P); also Numbers 34:17, Numbers 34:18 Joshua 19:49 (see Qal 3).

past (עבר) 3rd plural with suffix הִתְנַחֲלוּם Isaiah 14:2; 2nd masculine plural הִתְנַחַלְתֶּם Leviticus 25:46 Numbers 33:54; future (עתיד) תִּתְנַחֲלוּ Numbers 34:13 Ezekiel 47:13; תִּתְנֶתָ֑לוּ Numbers 33:54; infinitive (מקור) הִתְנַחֵל Numbers 32:18; possess oneself of land (direct object) Numbers 33:54; Numbers 34:13 Ezekiel 47:13; נחלה Numbers 32:18; slaves Leviticus 25:46 Isaiah 14:2; absolute, ref. to land Numbers 33:54; all c. לְ person (for whose benefit), except Numbers 32:18; Numbers 34:13 Isaiah 14:2.

past (עבר) 1st singular הִנְחַ֫לְתִּי Jeremiah 3:18 + 3 times past (עבר); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַנְחִיל Deuteronomy 3:28; יַנְחִל Ezekiel 46:18; 2nd masculine singular with suffix תַּנְחִילָנָּה Deuteronomy 31:7 + 5 times future (עתיד); infinitive (מקור) construct הַנְחִיל Isaiah 49:8 Proverbs 8:21; בְּהַנְחֵל Deuteronomy 32:8 (on form compare Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 238 d Konig^{i 315} Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 53 k; read בְּהַנְחִל?); with suffix הַנְחִילוֹ Deuteronomy 21:16; participle (בינוני) מַנְחִיל Deuteronomy 12:10;—

give as a possession:

land of Canaan (given by י׳ or his servants), direct object person et rei, Deuteronomy 1:38; Deuteronomy 3:28; Deuteronomy 12:10; Deuteronomy 19:3; Deuteronomy 31:7 Joshua 1:6 (all D), Jeremiah 3:18; Jeremiah 12:14.

various things, direct object person et rei, especially blessings, Zechariah 8:12 I Samuel 2:8 Proverbs 8:21; direct object rei Isaiah 49:8; direct object person Deuteronomy 32:8.

cause to inherit, give as an inheritance, with a direct object person et rei, Deuteronomy 21:16; direct object person + מן rei, Ezekiel 46:18; direct object person Proverbs 13:22 ל person I Chronicles 28:8.

past (עבר) 1st singular הָנְחַלְתּי Job 7:3 made to possess, with a direct object rei, for example months of vanity.

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נָחַל²

(√ of following; meaning unknown).

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נַ֫חַל

noun (masc.) ^{II Kings 3:16} torrent, torrent-valley, wady (Ecclus Ben Sira 40:13, Ben Sira 40:16; Mishnaic Hebrew the same; stream (rare); Targum נַחְלָא, Syriac ܢܰܚܠܴܐ = Biblical Hebrew; Assyrian naḫlu = Biblical Hebrew; Lagarde^{BN 140 Anm.} thinks Νεῖλος may be from Νεέλ = נַחַל pronounced נִחִל; on נ׳ in Sab. n.pr.location, see Hal^{Rev. Sémit. iv. (1896), 80, 1. 14});—absolute נ׳ Genesis 32:24 +, נַ֫חְלָה Psalms 124;Psalms 4; construct נַהַל Genesis 26:17 +; c. ה location Numbers 34:5; so read also Ezekiel 47:19; Ezekiel 48:28 (where Masoretic Text נַחֲלָ֫ה; see Gesenius' Thesaurus); dual נַחֲלַיִם Ezekiel 47:9, but read הַנַּחַל Septuagint Targum Peshitta Vulgate Co Berthol; plural נְחָלִים Numbers 21:14 +; נַחֲלֵי Deuteronomy 8:7 +; with suffix נְחָלֶיהָ Isaiah 34:9;—

torrent, of rushing water in narrow channel Judges 5:21^(×3); Judges 4:7, Judges 4:13 Psalms 83:10 (all of קִישֹׁן, q.see); mountain torrent Deuteronomy 9:21 (compare Exodus 32:20); so Amos 5:24 (sim. of righteousness); הַנּ׳ הַשּׁוֹטֵף II Chronicles 32:4 (‖ מַעְיָנוֹת); נֶהְפְּכוּ נ׳ לְזֶפֶת Isaiah 34:9; sim. of tears Lamentations 2:18; hyperb. נ׳־שָׁ֑מֶן Micah 6:7 torrents of oil, compare of honey and curd Job 20:17 (‖ פְּלַגּוֹת, נְהָרִים); figuratively נ׳ בְלִיַּעַל II Samuel 22:5 torrents of worthlessness (‖ מִשְׁבְּרֵי מָ֫וֶת, = Psalms 18:5; נ׳ שׁוֹטֵף sim. of glory of nations Isaiah 66:12, figuratively of invaders Jeremiah 47:2 (‖ מַיִס), or foes Psalms 124:4 (נַ֫חְלָה, see above); I Kings 17:4, I Kings 17:6 (for drinking), drying up in summer v I Kings 17:7 (יָבֵשׁ; all of Elijah’s stream כְּרִית, q.see); for drinking also Psalms 110:7, and (figuratively) נ׳ עֲדָנֶיךָ Psalms 36:9; Job 6:15^(×2) (אֲפִיק נְחָלִים; in sim.); of water bursting from rock Psalms 78:20 (שָׁטַף, ‖ מַיִם), compare Psalms 74:15 (+ מַעְיָן); figuratively of מְקוֹר חָכְמָה Proverbs 18:4 (נ׳ נֹבֵעַ; ‖ מַיִם עֲמֻקִים); more generally = stream, brook, river (chiefly late) Isaiah 11:15 (divisions of river, נָהָר), in desert Isaiah 35:6 (‖ מַיִם), Jeremiah 31:9 (נַחֲלֵי מַיִם), Ezekiel 47:5^(×2), Ezekiel 47:9 (all del. Co), v Ezekiel 47:6, Ezekiel 47:7, Ezekiel 47:9 (read הַנַּחַל, see above) v Ezekiel 47:12; containing fish, etc. Leviticus 11:9, Leviticus 11:10 (‖ מַיִם, יַמִּים), Ecclesiastes 1:7^(×2); figuratively of רוּחַ י׳ Isaiah 30:28 (נ׳ שׁוֹטֵף), Isaiah 30:33 (נ׳ גָּפְרִית).

Torrent-valley, wady, as stream-bed I Samuel 17:40 Nehemiah 2:15 Isaiah 57:6; with torrent flowing through it, נ׳ אֵיתָן Deuteronomy 21:4^(×2), Deuteronomy 21:6, אֶרֶץ נַחֲלֵי מַיִם Deuteronomy 8:7 (‖ עֲיָנֹת וּתְהֹמֹת יֹצְאִים בַּבִּקְעָה), compare Deuteronomy 10:7, I Kings 18:5 (‖ מַעְיְנֵי הַמַּיִם), Psalms 104:10; abode of Elijah I Kings 17:3, I Kings 17:5 (compare v I Kings 17:4, I Kings 17:6, I Kings 17:7 above); עֹרְבֵי נ׳ Proverbs 30:17 (compare I Kings 17:4, I Kings 17:6); נ׳ הַבַּתּוֹת Isaiah 7:19 as home of bees; fertile, נ׳ אֶשְׁכֹּל Numbers 13:23, Numbers 13:24; אִבֵּי הַנּ׳ Song of Songs 6:11; עַרְבֵי־נ׳ poplars of the wady Leviticus 23:40, Job 40:22; נ׳ עֲרָבִים Isaiah 15:7; needing water Genesis 26:17 (נ׳ גְּרָר), v Genesis 26:19, compare II Kings 3:16, II Kings 3:17; place for refuse, ruins, etc. II Samuel 17:13; poet. aslso as wild, remote ravine Job 30:6, compare בְּצוּר הַנְּחָלִים Job 22:24; place of child-sacrifice Isaiah 57:5; burial-place Job 21:33 (רִגְבֵי נ׳).—Numbers 24:6 see ii. נַ֫חַל. Particular wadys designate localities נ׳ קִישׁוֹן I Kings 18:40. אַרִנוֹן Numbers 21:14, Deuteronomy 2:24, Deuteronomy 2:36^(×2); Deuteronomy 3:8, Deuteronomy 3:12, Deuteronomy 3:16^(×2); Deuteronomy 4:48 Joshua 12:1, Joshua 12:2^(×2), Joshua 13:9^(×2) (all D), v Joshua 13:16^(×2), II Kings 10:33; אֶשְׁכֹּל Numbers 32:9, Deuteronomy 1:24; בְּשׂוֹר I Samuel 30:9, I Samuel 30:10, I Samuel 30:21; גָּד II Samuel 24:5; זֶרֶד Numbers 21:12, Deuteronomy 2:13^(×2), Deuteronomy 2:14; יַבֹּק Genesis 32:24, Deuteronomy 2:37; Deuteronomy 3:16 Joshua 12:2 (all D); קִדְרוֹן II Samuel 15:23 I Kings 2:37; I Kings 15:13 II Kings 23:6^(×2), II Kings 23:12 II Chronicles 15:16; II Chronicles 29:16; II Chronicles 30:14 Jeremiah 31:40; קָנָה Joshua 16:8; Joshua 17:9^(×3) (all P); שׂוֹרֵק Judges 16:4; נ׳ הַשִּׁטִּים Joel 4:18; נ׳ מִצְרַיִם is SW. limit of Pal. (Assyrian naḫal [mat] Muṣri, Delitzsch^{Par 310} Schr^{COT Nu 34:5}) Numbers 34:5, Joshua 15:4, v Joshua 15:47, I Kings 8:65 II Kings 24:7 II Chronicles 7:8 Isaiah 27:12, + (om. מצרים) Ezekiel 47:19; Ezekiel 48:28 (see above); so read also poss. Amos 6:14 (see עֲרָבָה: usually identified with Wâdy el-Arîsh; on Winckler’s different view, see reff. sub מִצְרַיִם ad fin.); on identif. of נ׳ Joshua 15:7; Joshua 19:11 (both P), II Samuel 23:30 = I Chronicles 11:32, II Chronicles 20:16; II Chronicles 33:14, see Comm.; אֶשֶׁד הַנְּחָלִים Numbers 21:15, see אֶשֶׁד.

Miner’s shaft, פָּרַץ נ׳ Job 28:4.

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נַ֫חַל²

n.[m.] perhaps palm-tree (Arabic نَخْلٌ, n. unit. نَخْلَةٌ; see Perles^{JQ, July, 1899, 688});— only plural absolute, כִּנְחָלִים נִטָּ֑יוּ Numbers 24:6 like palm-trees, which are stretched out, spread out (as to foliage). So Perles^l.c., who compares כערבי נחל Ecclus Ben Sira 50:12, Septuagint ὡς στελέχη φοινίκων.

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נַחֲלִיאֵל

n.pr.location ( = valley—or palm—of Ēl);—station of Isr. E. of Dead Sea Numbers 21:19^(×2), poss. (if = valley) one of main tributaries of Arnon, for example W. Wâle (see Bliss^{PEF 1895, 204, 215}).

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נַ֫חַם

n.pr.m. (comfort), a chieftain of Judah I Chronicles 4:19; Septuagint Ναχεθ, A Ναχεμ, SeptuagintL Ναουμ.

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נֹ֫חַם

noun (masc.) sorrow, repentance, Hosea 13:14.

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נַחוּם

n.pr.m. (comfort) the prophet Nahum, Nahum 1:1, Septuagint Ναουμ. נַחוּם < = comforting, full of comfort (sc. is י׳? compare ARSK^{DB nahum} Driver^{Na 1, 1, Century Bible}).

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נְחוּם

n.pr.m. (comfort) a returned exile Nehemiah 7:7 Septuagint Ναουμ = רְחוּם Ezra 2:2.

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נְחֶמְיָה

n.pr.m. (Yah comforts, Septuagint Νεεμιας (-ου). etc.;—n.pr. נחמיה(ו) on Isr. scarab in BM, Cl Gann^{JAs 1883, Fésee-Mars. 156 Noldeke. 42});—

the son of Hachaliah, governor of Judah under Artaxerxes Longimanus Nehemiah 1:1; Nehemiah 8:9; Nehemiah 10:2; Nehemiah 12:26, Nehemiah 12:47.

ruler of half the district of Bethzur Nehemiah 3:16.

one of twelve heads of people who returned with Zerubbabel Ezra 2:2 = Nehemiah 7:7.

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נַחֲמָנִי

n.pr.m. (compassionate) a returned exile Nehemiah 7:7; Septuagint Νεεμιου (generally).

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נַחְנוּ

see אֲנַחְנוּ p. 59 b above

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נָחוֹר

n.pr.m. (connexion with √ obscure);—

father of Teraḥ Genesis 11:22, Genesis 11:23, Genesis 11:24, Genesis 11:25 (all P), I Chronicles 1:26.

son of Teraḥ and brother of Abr. Genesis 11:26, Genesis 11:27, v Genesis 11:29^(×2); Genesis 22:20, Genesis 22:23; Genesis 24:15, Genesis 24:24, Genesis 24:47 compare Genesis 29:5 (all J), Joshua 24:2; עִיר נ׳ Genesis 24:10; אֶלֹהֵי נ׳ Genesis 31:53.—Septuagint always Ναχωρ.

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נַחֲרַי

n.pr.m. one of David’s heroes, II Samuel 23:37; Septuagint Γελωρε, SeptuagintL Αραια; = †נַחְרַי I Chronicles 11:39; Septuagint Ναχωρ, A Νααραι, SeptuagintL Νοαραι.

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נָחָשׁ

noun (masc.) ^{Genesis 3:1} serpent (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic حَنَشٌ serpent, viper (Lane⁴⁰⁶ anything hunted) is cp. by Lagarde^{M i. 230; BN 50, 188} BA^{ES 48}, but improb.; Arabic نَحِسَ see sub [נָחַשׁ] below; on formation compare Lagarde^{BN 50});—absolute נ׳ Amos 5:19 +; construct נְחָשׁ Numbers 21:9 + 2 times; plural נְחָשִׁים Numbers 21:6 Jeremiah 8:17;—

serpent:

as biting, Amos 5:19 Ecclesiastes 10:8, in spite of charm (לַחַשׁ) v Ecclesiastes 10:11 [compare Ecclus Ben Sira 12:13], Jeremiah 8:17 (+ צִפְעֹנִים; figuratively of enemies); so הַנְּחָשִׁים הַשְּׂרָפִים Numbers 21:6 (deadly; JE; compare Jacob^{Arabic Dicht. iv. 10 ff.}), and singular v Numbers 21:9, also (coll.) v Numbers 21:7 compare נ׳ שָׂרָף Deuteronomy 8:15 (+ עַקְרָב); נ׳ figuratively of oppressor, מִשֹּׁרֶשׁ נָחָשׁ יֵצֵא צֶפַע וּפִרְיוֹ שָׂרָף מְעוֹפֵף Isaiah 14:29; figuratively of Dan Genesis 49:17 (poem in J; ‖ שְׁפִיפֹן); חֲמַת נ׳ Psalms 58:5 (sim. of perniciousness of ungodly), compare נ׳ Psalms 140:4; sim. of effect of wine Proverbs 23:32 (‖ צִפִעֹנִי).

rod becomes נ׳ Exodus 4:3, compare Exodus 7:15; דֶּרֶךְ נ׳ עֲלֵי צוּר Proverbs 30:19.

נ׳ (appar.) as hissing Jeremiah 46:22 (in sim., compare Gie); as eating dust Isaiah 65:25 compare Micah 7:17 (in sim.; see also Genesis 3:14).

as crafty tempter Genesis 3:1, Genesis 3:2, Genesis 3:4, Genesis 3:13, Genesis 3:14.

נ׳ (הַ)נְּחשֶׁת, bronze image of serpent Numbers 21:9^(×2) II Kings 18:4 (compare נְחֻשְׁתָּן).

mythol. נ׳ בָּרִחַ Job 26:13 fleeing serpent, of eclipse-dragon (compare לִוְיָתָן Job 3:6); also לִוְיָתָן נ׳ בָּרִחַ … לִוְיָתָן נ׳ עֲקַלָּתוֹן Isaiah 27:1 (symbol. of world-powers); נ׳ of sea-monster Amos 9:3.—נ׳ c. verb נָשַׁךְ bite Numbers 21:6 + 8 times. On supernat. character of serpents in Arabic belief see Noldeke^{Zeitschr. für Völkerpsychol. i (1860), 412–416} Robertson Smith^{Kinship 197; Sem i. 421 f., 2d ed. 442} Wellhausen^{Skizzen iii. 147; Arabic Heid. 2, 152 f.} Jacob^{Arabic Dicht. iv. 5}.

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נָחָשׁ²

n.pr.m.

king of Ammon I Samuel 11:1^(×2), I Samuel 11:2; I Samuel 12:12 II Samuel 10:2 I Chronicles 19:1, I Chronicles 19:2; perhaps also II Samuel 17:27; Septuagint Ναας.

father of Abigail and Zeruiah II Samuel 17:25, si vera l.; Septuagint Ναας, but SeptuagintL Ιεσσαι (compare I Chronicles 2:16); Wellhausen^{Gesch. 2, 57 Anm. 1} Löhr defend נחשׁ; doubtful Wellhausen^Smend HPS.

giving name to a city עִיר נ׳ I Chronicles 4:12, Septuagint πόλεως Ναας; SeptuagintL Ηρναας.

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נַחְשׁוֹן

n.pr.m. son of aminadab, of Judah, brother-in-law of Aaron Exodus 6:23 Numbers 1:7; Numbers 2:3; Numbers 7:13, Numbers 7:17; Numbers 7:10;Numbers 7:14 (all P), Ruth 4:20^(×2) I Chronicles 2:10, I Chronicles 2:11. Septuagint Ναασσων (DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 15} cp. Sab. tribal name נחסן).

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נָחַשׁ

verb only

practise divination, divine, observe signs (denom. from נָחָשׁ according to Noldeke^{Zeitschr. f. Völkerpsychol. i (1860), 413} Bau^{Sem. Rel., i. 287} Lagarde^{BN 188} Gerber^{Verb. Denom. 29}; otherwise Wellhausen^{Skizzen iii. 147} Me^{Chrest. Targ. s.see} BA^{ES 48} (agst. him see Stade^{Th Lz, April 28, 1894, 235}); chief difficulty is that Aramaic, which has נַהֵשׁ, has no נָחָשׁ, compare Robertson Smith^{JPh. xiv. 115};—Mishnaic Hebrew Qal participle (בינוני) נוֹחֵשׁ, and Pi.; Aramaic Pa. נַחֵשׁ, ܢܰܚܶܫ all = divine, learn by omens; perhaps cp. also Arabic نَحِسَ be unlucky Lane²⁷⁵ compare Me^l.c.);—past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular וְנִחֵשׁ II Kings 21:6 II Chronicles 33:6; 1st singular נִחַ֫שְׁתִּי Genesis 30:27; future (עתיד) יְנַחֵשׁ Genesis 44:5, Genesis 44:15; 3rd masculine plural יְנַחֲשׁוּ I Kings 20:33, וַיְנַחֵ֑שׁוּ II Kings 17:17; 2nd masculine plural תְּנַתֲשׁוּ Leviticus 19:26; infinitive (מקור) absolute נַחֵשׁ I Kings 20:33; participle (בינוני) מְנַחֵשׁ Deuteronomy 18:10 (compare especially Robertson Smith^{JPh. xiv. 113 ff.});—

practise divination Genesis 44:5 (J; by means of cup, that is by hydromancy), with implied power to learn secret things v Genesis 44:15; condemned by proph. writer II Kings 21:6 = II Chronicles 33:6 (+ עוֹנֵן וְעָשָׂה אוֹב וְיִדְּעֹנִים), II Kings 17:17 (‖ וַיִּקְסְמוּ קְסָמִים), forbidden in D and H: Deuteronomy 18:10 (+ קֹסֵם קְסָמִים מְעוֹנֵן וּמְכַשֵּׁף), Leviticus 19:26 (H; ‖ תְּעוֹנֵנ֑וּ).

observe the signs or omens Genesis 30:27; so probably יְנַחֲשׁוּ I Kings 20:33 now the men were observing the signs.

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נַ֫חַשׁ

n.[m.] divination, enchantment, only absolute נ׳ Numbers 23:23 (JE; ‖ קֶסֶם), and plural absolute נְחָשִׁים Numbers 24:1, both in story of Balaam.

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נָחוּשׁ

adjective of bronze;—אִם־בְּשָׂרִי נ׳ Job 6:12 or is my flesh of bronze? figuratively for strong, enduring (‖ אֲבָנִים; compare Job 40:18).

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נְחוּשָׁה

and (Leviticus 26:19 Job 40:18) נְחֻשָׁה noun (fem.) copper, bronze (only poet.; compare i. נְחשֶׁת);—נ׳ always absolute;—

copper, produced from ore by melting Job 28:2.

copper, doubtless hardened with alloy, = bronze, as material of bow II Samuel 22:35 = Psalms 18:35, Job 20:24; gates Isaiah 45:2; figuratively of strength Job 40:18 (bones of hippopotamus), compare Job 41:19, Micah 4:13 (hoofs of Zion); of obstinate brow Isaiah 48:4 (‖ גִּיד בַּרְזֶל עָרְפֶּ֑ךָ); unproductive earth Leviticus 26:19.

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נְחֻשְׁתָּא

n.pr.f. mother of king Jehoiakin II Kings 24:8; Septuagint Νεσθα, A Ναισθα, SeptuagintL Νεεσθαν.

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נְחֻשְׁתָּן

n.pr. given to bronze serpent II Kings 18:4 probably = bronze-god (so Gesenius' Thesaurus, see also Baud^{Rel. i. 288}; compare נְחַשׁ נְחשֶׁת v II Kings 18:4 Numbers 21:9^(×2));—chief arg. ag. this are vocalization of Septuagint Νεσθαλει, A SeptuagintL Νε(ε)σθαν, and comparat. unimportance of material of wh. image was made; others think of נָחָשׁ serpent (Noldeke^{ZMG xiii (1888), 482} תן + נחשׁ, Klostermann^{ad location} יתן + נחשׁ); Lagarde^{BN 188, 205} thinks loan-wd.

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נַ֫חַת²

n.[m.] descent;—only construct, of י׳’s arm in judgment Isaiah 30:30.—i. נַחַת see sub נוח.

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נַ֫חַת³

n.pr.m.

son of Reuel, grandson of Esau Genesis 36:13, Genesis 36:17 (P; Septuagint Ναχομ, Ναχοθ, SeptuagintL Ναχεθ), I Chronicles 1:37 (Septuagint Ναχες, A SeptuagintL Ναχεθ).

grandson of Elkanah I Chronicles 6:11, Septuagint Καιναθ, SeptuagintL Νααθ;—probably crpt. for תּוֹחַ v I Chronicles 6:19, or תֹּחוּ I Samuel 1:1 (see these words and Wellhausen^{de Gent. 37 f.} [who proposes תַּחַת for נַחַת], Driver I Samuel 1:1).

an overseer, Hezekiah’s time II Chronicles 31:13, Septuagint Μαεθ, A Ναεθ, SeptuagintL Νααθ.

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נָטָה

verb stretch out, spread out, extend, incline, bend (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, incline, spread tent, etc.; Arabic نطو, نَطَا stretch out);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נ׳ Genesis 33:19 +; 3rd feminine singular נָֽטְתָה Numbers 22:33; 2nd masculine singular נָטִיתָ Exodus 15:12; 3rd plural נָטוּ Psalms 21:12 Isaiah 45:12, נָטָ֫יוּ Psalms 73:2 Qr, etc.; future (עתיד) יִטֶּה Job 15:29, juss. יֵט Zephaniah 2:13; וַיֵּט Genesis 12:8 +, וַיֶּט־ Genesis 26:27 +; 3rd feminine singular תִּטֶּה Job 31:7, וַתֵּט Numbers 22:23 +; 2nd masculine singular juss. תֵּט Proverbs 4:5, Proverbs 4:27; future (עתיד) Is אָט Job 23:11; 3rd masculine plural וַיִּטּוּ I Samuel 8:3; 1st plural נִטֶּה Numbers 20:17; imperative (ציווי) נְטֵה Exodus 8:1 +; infinitive (מקור) construct נְטוֹת Judges 19:8 + 4 times, נְטֹת Exodus 23:2; with suffix נְטֹתִי Exodus 7:5, נְטוֹתוֹ Psalms 109:23; participle (בינוני) active נֹטֶה Jeremiah 10:20 + 6 times, נוֹטֶה Ezekiel 25:16 + 3 times; with suffix נוֹטֵיהֶם Isaiah 42:5; passive נָטוּי Psalms 62:4 + 2 times, + Psalms 73:2 (see below); fs. נְטוּיָה Isaiah 5:25 + 24 times; plural נְטֻיוֹת Isaiah 3:16 Qr (Kt נטוות):—

stretch out, extend, hand, rod, usually with a direct object + עַל of direction Exodus 9:22, Exodus 9:23; Exodus 10:12, Exodus 10:13, Exodus 10:21, Exodus 10:22 (all E), Exodus 7:19; Exodus 14:16, Exodus 14:21, Exodus 14:26, Exodus 14:27 (all P), absolute Joshua 8:19, Exodus 8:12; c. ב of dart or rod נ׳ בַּכִּידוֹן אֶל־ Joshua 8:18^(×2), נ׳ יָֽדְךָ בְּמַטֶּ֔ךָ עַל־ Exodus 8:1, compare v Exodus 8:2 and (עַל om.) v Exodus 8:13 (all P), Joshua 8:26; figuratively of hostility to God נ׳ יָדוֹ אֶל־ Job 15:25; especially of God stretching out his hand over (עַל), often with idea of against, i. e. in judgment, Isaiah 5:25; Isaiah 23:11 Zephaniah 1:4; Zephaniah 2:13 Ezekiel 6:14 + 7 times Ez, Exodus 7:5; c. אֶל־ against Jeremiah 51:25, compare sword Ezekiel 30:25; absolute Exodus 15:12 (song); pt. passive נ׳ גָּרוֹן Isaiah 3:16 outstretched of neck; often זְרוֹע נְטוּיָה arm stretched out (of י׳) to deliver, Deuteronomy 4:34 + 14 times (see זְרוֹעַ); אֶזְרוֹעַ נ׳ Jeremiah 32:21; יָד נ׳, to oppose, Jeremiah 21:5; עוֹד יָדוֹ נְטוּיָה in judgment, Isaiah 5:25 (‖ לֹא שָׁב אַפּוֹ), so Isaiah 9:11, Isaiah 9:16, Isaiah 9:20; Isaiah 10:4 (all ‖ the same), compare Isaiah 14:27; הַיָּד הַנְּטוּיָה עַל־ v Isaiah 14:26; נָטִיתִי יָדִי Proverbs 1:24 (of wisdom’s appeal; ‖ קָרָאתִי).

stretch line and plummet, c. עַל, II Kings 21:13 (subj. י׳; figuratively of destruction), compare Isaiah 34:11 Lamentations 2:8; line, of artisan’s measurements (absolute) Isaiah 44:13, and (c. עַל) Job 38:5.

= offer, only שָׁלוֹשׁ אֲנִי נֹטֶה עָלֶיךָ I Chronicles 21:10 three things do I offer unto thee (so read probably also ‖ II Samuel 24:12, see נטל).

Spread out, i. e. pitch, tent Genesis 12:8; Genesis 26:25; Genesis 35:21 (all J), Genesis 33:19, Judges 4:11, compare Jeremiah 43:10; figuratively of establishing people Jeremiah 10:20; of sacred tent Exodus 33:7, II Samuel 6:17 = I Chronicles 16:1, I Chronicles 15:1 II Chronicles 1:4; obj. heavens (spread out by י׳ as tent) Jeremiah 10:12 + 9 times, compare Job 26:7; obj. likeness of firmament in Ezek.’s vision Ezekiel 1:22.

Bend, turn, incline:

intrans., of wady Numbers 21:15 (JE; c. לְ); turn aside, of Balaam’s ass Numbers 22:23 (מִן־הַדֶּרֶךְ), v Numbers 22:33 (מִפָּנַי), compare v Numbers 22:33 (לְפָנַי); c. adverb direct object Numbers 22:26, so of Isr. Numbers 20:17, and (c. מֵעָלָיו) v Numbers 20:21; c. ב into, Numbers 21:22; of individ. II Samuel 2:19 (לָלֶכֶת עַל), v Numbers 21:21 (עַל), Jeremiah 14:8 (c. inf.); compare Genesis 38:1 (עַד), v Genesis 38:16 (אֶל־); figuratively of deviating from path of loyalty I Kings 2:28 (c. אַחֲרֵי), compare Judges 9:3 (of heart), or of righteousness Exodus 23:2 [yet on text compare Budde^{journal ZAW xi (1891), 113} Ry^{ad location}], I Samuel 8:3 (all c. אַחֲרֵי); c. מִן Job 31:7 Psalms 44:19, compare Proverbs 4:5 and (c. adverb direct object) v Proverbs 4:27; מֵעִם י׳ I Kings 11:9 (of heart), compare Psalms 119:51, Psalms 119:157; incline, of heart, c. לְ I Samuel 14:7 (read לְבָֽבְךָ נָטָה לוֹ or נֹטֶה ל׳ Th Wellhausen Driver Klostermann Budde HPS Löhr); decline, of shadow on dial II Kings 20:10 (‖ הָלַךְ, opposite אֲחֹרַנִּית שׁוּב), figuratively of failing life Psalms 102:12; Psalms 109:23; of day Judges 19:8 + v Judges 19:9 (text emend., see GFM); bend down יִטֶּה לָאָרֶץ Job 15:29, לִנְטוֹת בָּאָרֶץ Psalms 17:11; appar. וַיֵּט בְּכחַ Judges 16:30 and he bowed with all his might (after וַיִּלְפֹּת, וַיִּסָּמֵךְ; al. stretched himself, i. e. gave a thrust, Be GFM, but verb less often intrans. in this sense); of י׳, וַיֵּט אֵלַי Psalms 40:2 and he inclined unto me.

less often trans., bend, bow, וַיֵּט שִׁכְמוֹ לִסְבֹּל Genesis 49:15 (Issachar under figuratively of ass); קִיר נָטוּי Psalms 62:4 (sim. of fate of wicked; ‖ גָּדֵר הַדְּחוּיָה); here belongs also probably וַאֲנִי כִּמְעַט נָטוּי רַגְלָ֑י Psalms 73:2 (Kt) and I was almost prostrated as to my feet (that is by stumbling; Qr נָטָיוּ past (עבר) 3rd masculine plural but needless, compare Olshausen Bae; ‖ כְּאַיִן שֻׁפְּכֻה אֲשֻׁרָֽי׃); נָטִיתִי לִבִּי Psalms 119:112 I have inclined my heart (c. inf.); of י׳, שָׁמַיִם וַיֵּרַ֑ד וַיֵּט II Samuel 22:10 = Psalms 18:10; also figuratively, hold out, extend unto, of י׳, obj. חֶסֶד Genesis 39:21, שָׁלוֹם, etc., Isaiah 66:12 (both c. אֶל־); of men רָעָה Psalms 21:12 (עַל).

be stretched out;—past (עבר) 3rd masculine plural נִטָּ֫יוּ Numbers 24:6 (JE; compare ii. נַחַל); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִנָּטֶה עַל־ Zechariah 1:16 (of measuring line, for building); stretch themselves out, i. e. grow long, 3rd masculine plural יִנָּטוּ Jeremiah 6:4 (of shadows, ‖ פָּנָה הַיּוֹם).

past (עבר) הִטָּה Ezra 7:28 Psalms 116:2, with suffix הִטָּ֫הוּ; 3rd feminine singular with suffix הִטַּ֫תּוּ Proverbs 7:21; 1st singular הִטִּיתִי Proverbs 5:13; 3rd plural הִטּוּ Amos 5:12 + 8 times; 2nd masculine plural הִטִּיתֶם Jeremiah 25:4; Jeremiah 35:15; future (עתיד) יַטֶּה Isaiah 31:3, וַיַּט II Samuel 19:15 Ezra 9:9; 2nd masculine singular תַּטֶּה Exodus 23:6 + 3 times, juss. תַּט Psalms 27:9; Psalms 141:4; 1st singular אַטֶּה Jeremiah 6:12 Psalms 49:5, אָ֑ט Job 23:11, וְאַט Hosea 11:4, but read perhaps וָאַט (compare Nowack) as Jeremiah 15:6; etc.; imperative (ציווי) הַטֵּה II Kings 19:16 + 7 times, הַט Psalms 17:6 + 5 times ψψ Pr; fs. הַטִּי Genesis 24:14 Psalms 45:11; mpl. הַטּוּ Joshua 24:23 + 3 times; infinitive (מקור) construct לְהַטּוֹת Isaiah 10:8 + 4 times, לְהַטֹּת Exodus 23:2; with suffix לְהַטּוֹתָהּ Numbers 22:23; participle (בינוני) מַטֶּה Deuteronomy 27:19; mpl. מַטִּים Psalms 125:5, construct מַטֵּי Malachi 3:5;—

rarely stretch out (as Qal 1), hand Isaiah 31:3 (of י׳ in hostility), c. עַל Jeremiah 6:12; Jeremiah 15:6.

rarely spread out cloth on (אֶל) rock II Samuel 21:10; as Qal 2: tent II Samuel 16:22 (+ ל person), tent-curtains (figuratively of growth) Isaiah 54:2.

usually turn, incline, with a direct object, in many senses:

literally turn ass into (direct object) road Numbers 22:23; take aside II Samuel 3:27 (direct object person + אֶל־), II Samuel 6:10 (direct object rei + direct object = to) = I Chronicles 13:13 (אֶל־); incline, turn jar of water Genesis 24:14 (J; to give drink); intrans. only יַטּוּ עַל־ Amos 2:8 on garments taken in pledge they recline, and הַטּוּ מִנֵּי־אֹרַח Isaiah 30:11 turn aside, out of the path (i. e. do not interfere with us; ‖ סוּרוּ מִנֵּי־דֶרֶךְ).

figuratively, הַמַּטִּים עֲקַלְקַלּוֹתָם Psalms 125:5 those turning aside their crooked (ways), i. e. making their ways crooked; compare (neg.) Job 23:11.

turn, = influence, heart II Samuel 19:15; turn (away) heart (cause to apostatize) I Kings 11:2, I Kings 11:4 (c. אַחֲרֵי), v I Kings 11:3 (absolute); לֵב subj., with a direct object person Isaiah 44:20 compare Job 36:18 (direct object person); of persuasion, with a direct object person Proverbs 7:21 (‖ תַּדִּיחֶנּוּ).

incline one’s own heart unto (אֶל) God and his commands, Joshua 24:23, compare Proverbs 2:2 (ל); subj. י׳, I Kings 8:58 Psalms 119:36, c. עַל־ Proverbs 21:1; neg. (c. ל) Psalms 141:4.

especially incline the ear, of men (in obedience to God), usually ‖ שָׁמַע: absolute Jeremiah 7:24 + 6 times Je (all neg.), so Jeremiah 25:4; Jeremiah 44:5 (+ inf.), Isaiah 55:3; to inspired teacher Proverbs 4:20 (‖ הִקְשִׁיב), Jeremiah 5:1 (‖ the same) v Jeremiah 5:13 (all c. ל), Jeremiah 22:17 Psalms 45:11; Psalms 78:1 (‖ הַאֲזִינָה); to receive revelation Psalms 49:5; of God, listening to men, sometimes ‖ שָׁמַע: II Kings 19:16 = Isaiah 37:17, Daniel 9:18, c. ל Psalms 17:6; also (c. אֶל־) Psalms 31:3; Psalms 71:2; Psalms 102:3, c. לְ Psalms 88:3; Psalms 116:2, absolute Psalms 86:1; once וְאַט אֵלָיו Hosea 11:4 and I used to incline etc. (either rare intrans., or obj. om., for example אָזְנִי; read perhaps וָאַט (וָאֵט?) and I inclined, after וָאֶהְיֶה).

bend down heavens, of י׳ (compare Qal 3 b), Psalms 144:5; = hold out, extend unto (from above, עַל) Ezra 7:28; Ezra 9:9 (obj. חֶסֶד).

thrust aside, especially with a direct object מִשְׁפָּט, of perverting or wresting justice: Exodus 23:6, I Samuel 8:3 Deuteronomy 16:19; Deuteronomy 24:17; Deuteronomy 27:19 Lamentations 3:35, compare Amos 2:7; לְהַטּוֹת אָרְחוֹת מִשְׁפָּט Proverbs 17:23; also with a direct object person לְהַטּוֹת מִדִּין דַּלִּים Isaiah 10:2 Amos 5:12; Isaiah 29:21 Malachi 3:5, יַטּוּ אֶבְיֹנִים מִדָּ֑רֶךְ Job 24:4, לְהַטּוֹת צַדִּיק בַּמִּשְׁפָּט Proverbs 18:5; here belongs probably לְהַטֹּת Exodus 23:2 (E; absolute), perhaps ins. מִשְׁפָּט (compare Budde^{journal ZAW xi. (1891), 113} Ry^{ad location}).

thrust away, of י׳, אַל־תַּט בְּאַף עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ Psalms 27:9; compare עֲוֹנוֹתֵיכֶם הִטּוּ־אֵלֶּה Jeremiah 5:25 your iniquities have thrust away (deprived you of) these (harvests).

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נָטַל

verb lift, bear (rare synon. of נָשָׂא; Biblical Aramaic Targum נְטַל lift; hence specif., Syriac ܢܛܰܠ sustulit (aquam), further, be heavy; also borrowed and denom. forms in Arabic and Mishnaic Hebrew, compare Frä ^{65 f.});—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נ׳ Lamentations 3:28; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִטּוֹל Isaiah 40:15; participle (בינוני) active נוֹטֵל II Samuel 24:12;—lift, with a direct object Isaiah 40:15 (figuratively subj. י׳); lift over thee (על) that is offer II Samuel 24:12, but read נוֹטֶה (as ‖ I Chronicles 21:10) Wellhausen Budde HPS; lift (and lay) upon (עַל) Lamentations 3:28.

future (עתיד) with suffix וַיְנַטְּלֵם Isaiah 63:9 and he bare them, figuratively of י׳ bearing his people (‖ וַיְנַשְּׂאֵם).

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נָטַע

verb plant (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, and deriv.; compare Sab. נטעת pavilion [? as planted, established] DHM^{ZMG xxxvii. (1883), 337, 349});—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular Numbers 24:6 +, 2nd masculine singular נָטָ֑עְתָּ Deuteronomy 6:11, with suffix 3rd masculine plural נְטַעְתָּם Jeremiah 12:2; 1st singular נָטַ֫עְתִּי Jeremiah 45:4 + 2 times, וְנָטַעְתִּ֫י Jeremiah 42:10 Ecclesiastes 2:5, with suffix נְטַעְתִּיךְ Jeremiah 2:21, וּנְטַעְתִּיו consec. II Samuel 7:10 = וּנְטַעְתִּיהוּ I Chronicles 17:9, וּנְטַעְתִּים consec. Amos 9:15 + 2 times, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִטַּע Daniel 11:45, וַיִּטַּע Genesis 2:8 + 2 times, with suffix וַיִּטָּעֵ֫הוּ Isaiah 5:2; 2nd masculine singular תִּטַּע Deuteronomy 16:21 + 2 times, with suffix 3rd feminine singular וַתִּטָּעֶ֑הָ Psalms 80:9; with suffix 3rd masculine plural וַתִּטָּעֵ֫מוֹ Exodus 15:17, וַתִּטָּעֵם Psalms 44:3, etc.; imperative (ציווי) נִטְעוּ Jeremiah 29:5 + 3 times; infinitive (מקור) לִנְטֹעַ Isaiah 51:16 Jeremiah 18:9, לִנְטוֹעַ Jeremiah 1:10; Jeremiah 31:28, לָטַעַת Ecclesiastes 3:2; participle (בינוני) active נוֹטֵעַ Jeremiah 11:17, נֹטַע Psalms 94:9 (shewing orig. a according to Lagarde^{BN 84}); plural נֹטְעִים Jeremiah 31:5; passive נָטוּעַ Ecclesiastes 3:2, plural נְטוּעִים Ecclesiastes 12:11;—

plant, with a direct object of tree or vine Numbers 24:6 (JE; subj. י׳), Genesis 21:33, Leviticus 19:23, Isaiah 44:14 Psalms 106:16 (subj. י׳), Ecclesiastes 2:5 also (figuratively of people) Jeremiah 2:21; Jeremiah 11:17 Psalms 80:9, Psalms 80:16; with a direct object of vineyard Genesis 9:20, Amos 5:11; Amos 9:14; II Kings 19:29 = Isaiah 37:30; Zephaniah 1:13; Deuteronomy 20:6; Deuteronomy 28:30, Deuteronomy 28:39 Jeremiah 31:5^(×3); Jeremiah 35:7; Ezekiel 28:26; Isaiah 65:21; Proverbs 31:16 Psalms 107:37; Ecclesiastes 2:4; olive trees and vineyards Deuteronomy 6:11 Joshua 24:13; garden Genesis 2:8 (י׳), Jeremiah 29:5, Jeremiah 29:28; so with a direct object אֲשֵׁרָה כָּל־עֵץ Deuteronomy 16:21; נ׳ נִטְעֵי נַעֲמָנִים Isaiah 17:10 (figuratively of idolatry); absolute (literally) Isaiah 65:22; Ecclesiastes 3:2^(×2) (opposite עָקַר); c. 2 direct object Isaiah 5:2 (plant vineyard with vine).

plant, figuratively = establish, usually of establishing people, with a direct object II Samuel 17:10 = I Chronicles 17:9 Amos 9:15 (opposite נָתַשׁ), Ezekiel 36:36; Exodus 15:17 (song), especially Jeremiah 24:6; Jeremiah 32:41 (ב location), Jeremiah 42:10 (opposite נָתַשׁ), Psalms 45:10 (opposite the same, Psalms 44:3 (all of establishing Isr.); of establishing wicked Jeremiah 12:2; absolute of establishing people Jeremiah 1:10; Jeremiah 18:9; Jeremiah 31:28; more literally, establish heavens Isaiah 51:16 (‖ לִיסֹד אֶרֶץ); plant that is fix (late use) tents Daniel 11:45; מַשְׂמְרוֹת נְטוּעִים Ecclesiastes 12:11 nails planted, that is fixed in; even נ׳ אֹזֶן Psalms 94:9 he that planted the ear.

past (עבר) 3rd plural נִמָּ֑עוּ Isaiah 40:24 be planted, figuratively, = be established.

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נֶ֫טַע

n.[m.] plantation, planting, plant;—absolute נָ֑טַע Job 14:9; construct נְטַע Isaiah 5:7; with suffix נִטְעֵךְ Isaiah 17:11; plural construct נִטְעֵי Isaiah 17:10;—

plantation Isaiah 5:7 (figuratively of Judah, planted by י׳); Isaiah 17:10 (figuratively of idolatry), so

act of planting Isaiah 17:11.

plant Job 14:9 (in sim.).

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נְטָעִים

n.pr.location I Chronicles 4:23, Septuagint Αζαειμ, A Αταειμ, SeptuagintL Εταειμ.

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נָטָף

noun (masc.) drop;—נִטְפֵי־מָ֑יִם Job 36:27 (‖ מָטָר, rain).

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נָטָף²

n.[m.] an odorif. gum (gathered in drops), used in sacred incense Exodus 30:34. Identif. doubtful; Septuagint στακτή, Vulgate stacte, that is (Hesych.) a kind of myrrh, so Kn, compare Ri^HWB; Rosenm Gesenius' Thesaurus Ke al. storax; Rabb. opobalsamum (compare Dillmann^{ad location} Nowack^{Arch. ii. 64, 248}).

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נְטֹפָה

n.pr.location in Judah (dropping, dripping, compare Lewy^{Sem. Fremdwörter 40});—Ezra 2:22 = Nehemiah 7:25; Septuagint Νετωφα, SeptuagintL Νετωφατι (as adjective gent. Nehemiah 12:28).

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נְטֹפָתִי

adjectivegent.;—נְטֹפ׳ II Samuel 23:28 + 5 times, נְטוֹפ׳ I Chronicles 2:54 + 4 times Ch;—הַנּ׳ the Neṭophathite II Samuel 23:28, II Samuel 23:29; II Kings 25:23 = Jeremiah 40:8; I Chronicles 11:30^(×2); singular coll. (the) Neṭophathites (no art.) I Chronicles 2:54; I Chronicles 9:16; Nehemiah 12:28.

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נָטַר

verb keep (less common ‖ of נָצַר) (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Targum נְטַר, Syriac ܢܛܰܪ the same; Nab. in n.pr. Lidzbarski³²³ (compare also below), Arabic نَطَرَ the same (obj. garden, etc.));—

past (עבר) 1st singular נָטָ֑רְתִּי Song of Songs 1:6; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִטּוֹר Psalms 103:9, יִנְטוֹר Jeremiah 3:5; read וַיִּטֹּר also Amos 1:11 (for Masoretic Text יִטְרֹף) Olshausen Psalms 103:9 Wellhausen Nowack GASm Driver; 2nd masculine singular תִּטֹּר Leviticus 19:18; 1st singular אֶטּוֹר Jeremiah 3:12; participle (בינוני) active נוֹטֵר Nahum 1:2; f. נֹטֵרָה Song of Songs 1:6; mpl. נֹטְרִים Song of Songs 8:11, Song of Songs 8:12;—

keep, maintain (sc. wrath), of י׳, Jeremiah 3:5, Jeremiah 3:12 Nahum 1:2 (c. לְ for), Psalms 103:9; of Edom Amos 1:11 (reading וַיִּטֹּר לָעַד אַפּוֹ and he kept his anger perpetually, see above), Leviticus 19:18 (c. את with).

keep, guard a vineyard Song of Songs 1:6^(×2) (in figuratively), absolute Song of Songs 8:11, obj. פִּרְיוֹ v Song of Songs 1:12.

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נָטַשׁ

verb leave, forsake, permit (Targum forsake; draw off skin of dead animal; Arabic نَطِسٌ = abstinens ab impuro according to Ḳam (Freytag));—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נ׳ I Samuel 10:2, with suffix 1st plural נְטָשָׁ֫נוּ Judges 6:13; 2nd masculine singular נָמַשְׁתָּ I Samuel 17:28, נָמַשְׁתָּה Isaiah 2:6, with suffix נְטַשְׁתַּ֫נִי Genesis 31:28, וּנְטַשְׁתָּהּ consec. Exodus 23:11, etc.; future (עתיד) יִטּשׁ I Samuel 12:22 Psalms 94:14, יִטּוֹשׁ Hosea 12:15, with suffix 1st plural יִטְּשֵׁנוּ I Kings 8:57; 1st plural נִטּשׁ Nehemiah 10:32, etc.; imperative (ציווי) נְטוֹשׁ Proverbs 17:14; participle (בינוני) passive f. נְטוּשָׁה Isaiah 21:15; mpl. נְטֻשִׁים I Samuel 30:16;—

leave, let alone Exodus 23:11 (E; = let field lie fallow, ‖ שָׁמַט), compare וְנִטּשׁ אֶת־הַשָּׁנָה הַשְּׁבִיעִית וּמַשָּׁא כָל־יָ֑ד Nehemiah 10:32 (that is leave field fallow and debts unclaimed); obj. quails, let them lie, (עַל location) Numbers 11:31, of Amalekites נְטֻשִׁים עַל־פְּנֵי כָל־הָאָרֶץ I Samuel 30:16 left to themselves over all the land; וְדָמָיו עָלָיו יִטּוֹשׁ Hosea 12:15 and his mortal guilt shall he leave upon him; leave in charge of, entrust to (עַל person): sheep I Samuel 17:20, I Samuel 17:28; baggage v I Samuel 17:22.

usually forsake, abandon, נ׳ דִּבְרֵי הָאֲתֹנוֹת I Samuel 10:2 thy father hath abandoned the matter of the asses (ceased to be concerned about them); הָרִיב נְטוֹשׁ Proverbs 17:14 abandon contention; often subj. י׳, with a direct object person Judges 6:13; Isaiah 2:6; I Samuel 12:22; I Kings 8:57 (‖ עָזַב) II Kings 21:14; Jeremiah 7:29; Jeremiah 12:7 (‖ עָזַב), Jeremiah 23:33, Jeremiah 23:39 Psalms 27:9 (‖ עָזַב), Psalms 94:14 (‖ the same); of י׳ leaving Phar. forsaken (on ground, compare Niph. 1) Ezekiel 29:5 (+ ה location), Ezekiel 32:4 (+ ב location); abandoning the sanctuary at Shiloh Psalms 78:60; of men forsaking God Deuteronomy 32:15 (poem), Jeremiah 15:6; compare אַל־תִּטּשׁ תּוֹרַת אִמֶּ֑ךָ Proverbs 1:8; Proverbs 6:20; of men abandoning kg. (under figuratively of cedar) Ezekiel 31:12^(×2).

permit, only וְלֹא נְטַשְׁתַּנִי לְנַשֵּׁק לְבָנַי וגו׳ Genesis 31:28 and hast not permitted me to kiss my sons, etc.—For וַתִּטּשׁ הַמִּלְחָמָה I Samuel 4:2 read probably וַתֵּט (Septuagint ἔκλινεν) Driver Klostermann Budde, or < וַתִּקֶשׁ (קשׁה) grew fierce HPS (Löhr proposes תִּנָּטֵשׁ compare Judges 15:9 etc.). For חֶרֶב נְטוּשָׁה Isaiah 21:15 (‖ קֶשֶׁת דְּרוּכָה) read perhaps ח׳ לְטוּשָׁה.

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular נִטְּשָׁה Amos 5:2; 3rd plural נִטְּשׁוּ Isaiah 16:8; Isaiah 33:23; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural וַיִּנָּֽטְשׁוּ Judges 15:9 + 2 times;—

be forsaken, Amos 5:2 she (Isr.) lieth forsaken (עַל location).

be loosened or loose (proposes be let alone, left to hang down) of ship’s tackle Isaiah 33:23.

be let go, spread abroad, of warriors, Judges 15:9; II Samuel 5:18, II Samuel 5:22 (all c. ב location, for purpose of plunder); of tendrils of vine Isaiah 16:8 (figuratively of Moab).

past (עבר) only אַרְמוֹן נֻטָּ֑שׁ Isaiah 32:14 palaces are abandoned, deserted (‖ הֲמוֹן עִיר עֻזָּ֑ב).

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נָא³

adjective raw, of flesh Exodus 12:9 (P; opposite בשׁל).

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נִיב²

see נוב.

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נָיוֹת

see נוית sub i. נוה.

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נִיחֹחַ²

see נוח.

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נִין²

see נון.

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נִינְוֵה

n.pr.location Nineveh, capital of Assyria (Assyrian Ninâ, Ninua, Ninû, compare Schr^{COT Gloss.} Delitzsch^Par260);—Genesis 10:11, Genesis 10:12, II Kings 19:36 = Isaiah 37:37, Nahum 1:1; Nahum 2:9; Nahum 3:7; Zephaniah 2:13 Jonah 1:2; Jonah 3:3, Jonah 3:4, Jonah 3:5, Jonah 3:6, Jonah 3:7, called הָעִיר הַגְּדוֹלָה v Jonah 3:3; Jonah 4:11 (compare Jonah 3:4); Septuagint Νινευη, SeptuagintL Νινευι. Site on E. bank of Tigris marked by mounds Neby Yunus and Kuyundjik, opposite Mosul. Cf. Layard ^{Nineveh and its Remains, 1848; Monuments of N. 1849 f.} Billerbeck u. Jeremias^{BAS iii. 1 (1895), 107 ff.}

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נִיסָן

n.pr. of 1st month (loan-wd. from Bab. Nisannu, compare Schr^COT Nehemiah 1:1 Muss-Arnolt^{JBL xi. 1 (1892), 76}; Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; so Nab. Palmyrene see Lidzbarski³²³);—only post-exile: חֹדֶשׁ נ׳ Nehemiah 2:1 Esther 3:7 (+ הַחֹדֶשׁ הָרִאשׁוֹן), = pre-exile הָאָבִיב (חֹדֶשׁ).—On sacredness of Nisan compare also Robertson Smith^{Sem. i. 387; 2d ed. 406 f.}

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נִיר²

verb break up, freshly till;—

imperative (ציווי) mpl. נִ֫ירוּ, with a direct object cogn. נִיר Hosea 10:12 Jeremiah 4:3.

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נִיר³

n.[m.] the tillable, untilled or fallow ground;—נ׳ absolute as direct object cogn. נִירוּ לָכֶם נִ֑יר Hosea 10:12; Jeremiah 4:3 till you the untilled ground (figuratively of unaccustomed moral action); construct only רָב־אֹכֶל נִיר רָאשִׁים Proverbs 13:23 abundant food (yields) the fallow ground of poor men (that is with י׳’s blessing).—i. נִיר see נור.

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נְכֹאת

noun (fem.) a spice, (usually understood of tragacanth gum, exuding from astralagus bush, Dillmann Genesis 27:25 and reff.; Nowack^{Arch. i. 64 (and 249)}; compare also Löw^{§ 24}; but = Arabic نَكَأَة = نَكَعَة summitas rubicunda sive flores plantae (that is a certain plant, Freytag), according to Hom^{Aufsätze 4});—absolute נ׳ Genesis 37:25 (+ צְרִי, לֹט, as merchandise), Genesis 43:11 (+ the same, also דְּבַשׁ, בָּטְנִים, שְׁקֵדִים, as gift).

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נֶ֫כֶד

n.[m.] progeny, posterity, always c. נִין in standing phr. (Ecclus 41:5; 47:22c, both c. נין);—absolute לֹא נִין לוֹ וְלֹא נ׳ בְּעַמּוֹ Job 18:19, compare שֵׁם וּשְׁאָר וְנִין וְנ׳ Isaiah 14:22; with suffix לִי וּלְנִינִי וּלְנֶכְדִּי Genesis 21:23 to me and to my offspring and to my posterity.

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נָכָה

verb smite (not in Qal) (Mishnaic Hebrew Hiph. the same; past (עבר) 3rd plural הכו SI ⁴, infinitive (מקור) להך[ת] ib. 2; Syriac ܢܟܳܐ, laesit, nocuit, repugnavit; Aph. laesit, vulneravit; Ethiopic ነከየ laesit, nocuit; compare Arabic نَكَى be defeated, نِكَايَةٌ the inflicting of injury on an enemy Lane³⁰³⁸);—

past (עבר) וְנִכָּה וָמֵת consec. II Samuel 11:15 and he shall be smitten [struck by weapon in battle] and die.

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular נֻכָּ֑תָה Exodus 9:31; 3rd plural נֻכּוּ v Exodus 9:32, both be smitten down by the hail.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִכָּה Exodus 9:25 +; with suffix וְהִכַּ֫נִי consec. Genesis 32:12, הִכָּם Jeremiah 5:6; 2nd masculine singular הִכִּ֫יתָ Exodus 17:5 +; 1st singular הִכֵּיתִי Judges 15:16 +, וְהִכֵּיתִ֫י Exodus 3:20 +; 3rd plural הִכּוּ Genesis 19:11 +; 2nd masculine plural הִכִּיתֶם Jeremiah 37:10 + 3 times consec.; etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַכֶּה Exodus 21:20 +, יַךְ Hosea 6:1 (but read וַיַּךְ Wellhausen Nowack GASm); וְיַךְ Hosea 14:6 (see below); וַיַּכֶּה Joshua 10:40 +, usually וַיַּךְ Exodus 2:12 +; with suffix 2nd masculine singular יַכֶּ֫כָּה Jeremiah 40:15 + 2 times, 3rd masculine singular וַיַּכּוֹ II Samuel 14:6 (but read וַיַּךְ Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate Th Wellhausen Driver Klostermann Kittel Budde HPS), יַכֶּ֫נּוּ I Samuel 17:25 + 2 times; usually וַיַּכֵּ֫הוּ Numbers 21:24 +; 3rd feminine singular וַתַּךְ Jonah 4:7.Jonah 4:8; 2nd masculine singular תַּכֶּה Exodus 2:13 +; with suffix 3rd masculine singular תַּכֶּ֫נּוּ Proverbs 23:13, Proverbs 23:14; 1st singular אַכֶּה I Samuel 18:11 +; וָאַכֶּה Nehemiah 13:25, וָאַךְ Exodus 9:15; 3rd masculine plural יַכּוּ Micah 4:14; usually וַיַּכּוּ Genesis 14:5 + (I Samuel 4:2 read probably Hoph. q.see); 1st plural נַכֶּה־ Numbers 22:6; וַנַּךְ Deuteronomy 2:33, etc.; imperative (ציווי) הַכֵּה Ezekiel 6:11; הַךְ Amos 9:1 +; mpl. הַכּוּ II Samuel 13:28, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַכֵּה Deuteronomy 3:16 +; הַכּוֹת II Kings 3:24 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 75 ff); construct הַכּוֹת Genesis 4:15 +, etc.; participle (בינוני) מַכֶּה Exodus 2:11 +; construct מַכֵּת Exodus 21:12 +; plural מַכִּים I Samuel 4:8 +, etc.;—

literally, smite (with a single, non-fatal, blow), strike, followed by direct object, ass Numbers 22:23, Numbers 22:25, Numbers 22:27 (בְּמַקֵּל), v Numbers 22:28, Numbers 22:32 (all J); man Exodus 21:15, Exodus 21:19; cheeks Job 16:10; man (on) cheek (2 direct object) Lamentations 3:30 Psalms 3:8; man עַל־לְחִי Micah 4:14 (ב instr.), I Kings 22:24 = II Chronicles 18:23; eye Exodus 21:26; שֵׁבֶט מַכֵּךְ Isaiah 14:26; with ב obj. Exodus 17:6; with (ב) stone or fist Exodus 21:18, compare (figuratively) Isaiah 58:4 (absolute); smite lion or bear I Samuel 17:35; strike river (with rod מַטֶּה) I Samuel 7:17 (c. עַל obj., + ב instr.), v I Samuel 17:20 Exodus 17:5 (E; ב instr.), also (with mantle) II Kings 2:8, II Kings 2:14^(×2), compare י׳ smiting Euphrates into (ל) seven streams Isaiah 11:15; dust Exodus 8:12, Exodus 8:13; rock Exodus 17:6, Numbers 20:11 (P; ב instr.), Psalms 78:20; figuratively smite earth בְּשֵׁבֶט פִּיו Isaiah 11:4 (of future Davidic kg.); strike on ground (אַ֫רְצָה; with arrows) II Kings 13:18, also (absolute) v II Kings 13:18, II Kings 13:19; strike weapons out of (מִן) hands, Ezekiel 39:3 (י׳; figuratively of making powerless); lintel of door Amos 9:1; barley-loaf strikes tent Judges 7:13 (in dream); in figuratively of regret, remorse וַיַּךְ לֵב דָּוִד אֹתוֹ II Samuel 24:10 and David’s heart smote him, so I Samuel 24:6 (+ עַל־אֲשֶׁר because); of goat smiting (butting with horn) the ram, so as to break its horns Daniel 8:7 (in vision); smite = hit with missile, sling-stone I Samuel 17:49 (with a direct object person + אֶל־מִצְחוֹ), compare II Kings 3:25 (but text perhaps corrupt, see Benz); arrow, I Kings 22:34 = II Chronicles 18:33 (with a direct object person + בֵּין), II Kings 9:24 (c. the same); of piercing, הַכּוֹת בַּחֲנִית בְּדָוִד וּבַקִּיר I Samuel 19:10 smite with the dart into D. and into the wall, pin D. to the wall, וַיַּךְ אֶת־הַח׳ בַּקִּיר v I Samuel 19:10, compare I Samuel 18:11, אַכֶּנּוּ בַחֲנִית וּבָאָרֶץ I Samuel 26:8.

smite repeatedly, beat, a man Exodus 2:11, Exodus 2:13, Exodus 5:16, Nehemiah 13:25 (מִן partit.), compare Deuteronomy 25:11; here probably also I Kings 20:35^(×2), I Kings 20:37^(×2) (הַכֵּה וּפָצֹעַ beating and bruising him); of Assyrian under figuratively of task-master Isaiah 10:24; beat a woman so as to bruise her (פָּצַע) Song of Songs 5:7; beat by authority, scourge Jeremiah 20:2; Jeremiah 37:15 Deuteronomy 25:2, Deuteronomy 25:3 (with a direct object person + direct object cogn. מַכָּה רַבָּה), v Deuteronomy 25:3 compare בִּן הַכּוֹת v Deuteronomy 25:2 that is worthy of scourging, bastinado, (compare Driver); II Chronicles 25:16; Proverbs 17:10; Proverbs 19:25; Proverbs 23:13, Proverbs 23:14 (ב instr.); compare גֵּוִי נָתַתִּי לְמַכִּים Isaiah 50:6; of hail, beat down herbage etc. Exodus 9:25^(×2) (compare Pu.).

וַיַּכּוּ כַף II Kings 11:12 and they clapped hands (in applause); elsewhere only Ezek., in mockery; כַּף אֶל־כַּף Ezekiel 21:19, Ezekiel 21:22; בְּכַפְּךָ Ezekiel 6:11 (‖ רְקַע בְּרַגְלְךָ); direct object כַּפִּי Ezekiel 22:13.

give a thrust (with fork) into (ב) pot I Samuel 2:14; strike roots Hosea 14:6 (in figuratively, but וַיֵּלְכוּ Wellhausen Nowack).

rarely smite (in battle) so as (merely) to wound II Kings 8:28, so (+ direct object cogn. מַכָּה) v II Kings 8:29; II Kings 9:15 = II Chronicles 22:6; figuratively of י׳’s wounding Isr. Hosea 6:1 (opposite חָבַשׁ, bind up), Jeremiah 30:14 (with a direct object cogn.). Cf. smite with (ב) the tongue Jeremiah 18:18.

smite, of sun, etc., with a direct object person Isaiah 49:10 Psalms 121:6; c. עַל Jonah 4:8.

Smite fatally:

(subj. man) smite, with a direct object, + word of killing (dying):—obj. lion and bear I Samuel 17:35; man Exodus 21:12, Exodus 21:20, Joshua 10:26, Joshua 11:17, I Samuel 17:50; II Samuel 1:15; II Samuel 2:31 (מִן partit. + ב among), II Samuel 4:7; II Samuel 14:6; II Samuel 18:15; II Samuel 21:17; I Kings 16:10; II Kings 12:22; II Kings 15:30; II Kings 25:21 = Jeremiah 52:27, II Kings 25:25 Jeremiah 41:2; Numbers 35:16, Numbers 35:17, Numbers 35:18, Numbers 35:21 (P; all c. ב instr.); with a direct object + אֶל־חֹמֶשׁ + ב instr. II Samuel 2:23 smote him (fatally) in the belly with (see HPS), II Samuel 20:10, compare II Samuel 3:27 (+ 2 direct object) II Samuel 4:6 (but del. Septuagint Ewald Th Wellhausen Driver Budde HPS); וְהִכָּהוּ נֶפֶשׁ Deuteronomy 19:11 and he smite him in his life (mortally), and he die, compare (without word of dying) v Deuteronomy 19:6 Genesis 37:21, Jeremiah 40:14, Jeremiah 40:15 [otherwise Leviticus 24:17.Leviticus 24:18 Numbers 35:11, Numbers 35:15, Numbers 35:30; Deuteronomy 27:25; Joshua 20:3, Joshua 20:9]; with prolepsis לְהַכּוֹת חֲלָלִים smite the slain Judges 20:31, Judges 20:39; + אַ֫רְצָה smite to the ground that is kill II Samuel 2:22; II Samuel 18:11.

smite, of worm gnawing or boring so as to kill plant Jonah 4:7.

very often = kill, slay, man or beast (c. 150 times): Genesis 4:15; Genesis 8:21 (exterminate; both J), Exodus 2:12; Numbers 21:35, Joshua 7:5 (מִן partit.), v Joshua 7:5, Deuteronomy 19:6; Deuteronomy 21:1; Deuteronomy 27:24, Deuteronomy 27:25; Joshua 11:10 (ב instr.; all D), Leviticus 24:17, Leviticus 24:18, Leviticus 24:21^(×2), Numbers 35:11, Numbers 35:15, Numbers 35:21, Numbers 35:24, Numbers 35:30; Joshua 9:18; Joshua 20:3, Joshua 20:9 (all P), Judges 15:16; I Samuel 17:9^(×2), I Samuel 17:36; II Samuel 12:9 (ב instr.), II Kings 9:7 (exterminate), etc.; c. ב among I Samuel 6:19; I Samuel 23:5, מִן partit. Judges 14:19; Judges 20:45; c. ב partit. slay at, work slaughter among II Samuel 23:10 (ins. also in ‖ I Chronicles 11:13 v Be^{ad location} Driver ^{2 S 23:10}), but also ב of dir. obj. I Samuel 18:7; I Samuel 21:12 = I Samuel 29:5; subj. lion I Kings 20:36^(×2) compare Jeremiah 5:6 (figuratively of judgment); י׳ subj. I Samuel 6:19 (ב among, + direct object cogn.; I Samuel 6:19 וַיַּךְ crpt. see Septuagint Th Wellhausen Driver Kl Kittel Budde HPS); slay firstborn Exodus 12:12, v Exodus 12:29 Numbers 3:13; Numbers 8:17; Numbers 33:4 (all P), Psalms 78:51; Psalms 105:36; Psalms 135:8; God slays for (עַל) sin II Samuel 6:7 = I Chronicles 13:10 (עַל־אֲשֶׁר); slay לְפִי־חֶרֶב Deuteronomy 13:16; Deuteronomy 20:13 Joshua 11:11, Joshua 11:12, Joshua 11:14 (all D), Judges 18:27; Judges 21:10; I Samuel 22:9; II Kings 10:25 Jeremiah 21:7 Job 1:15, Job 1:17; kill, slay, with a direct object cogn. (מַכָּה) I Samuel 14:14; I Kings 20:21 (ב among), II Chronicles 13:17 (בָּחֶם), II Chronicles 25:13 (מֵהֶם); with a direct object person + direct object cogn. Joshua 10:20, Esther 9:5, etc.; kill unwittingly, unintentionally הִכָּה בִבְלִי דַ֫עַת Deuteronomy 19:4; Joshua 20:5 (both D).

Smite = attack, attack and destroy a company Genesis 32:9, Genesis 32:12; Genesis 34:30; Joshua 8:21 Judges 8:11; Judges 9:43; II Kings 8:21; II Chronicles 21:9; attack and capture a city Judges 1:8 v Judges 1:12 = Joshua 15:16, Joshua 7:3; Joshua 10:4, I Samuel 30:1; I Kings 15:20 = II Chronicles 16:4, II Kings 15:16^(×2) I Chronicles 20:1; II Chronicles 14:13; Jeremiah 47:1; tents I Chronicles 4:41; II Chronicles 14:14; = sack a city לְפִי־חֶרֶב (slaying inhab.), Joshua 8:24; Joshua 19:47 (both JE), Joshua 10:28, Joshua 10:30, Joshua 10:32, Joshua 10:35, Joshua 19:37 compare v Joshua 19:39 (all D), Judges 1:25; Judges 20:37; II Samuel 15:14; especially defeat kg. or army (involving often overthrow, pursuit and slaughter),—c. 95 times,—Genesis 14:5, Genesis 14:15, Genesis 14:17; Numbers 14:45; Numbers 21:24, Joshua 8:12; Joshua 10:10 (+ direct object cogn.), v Joshua 10:10 (עַד location), Joshua 11:8^(×2) (all JE), Deuteronomy 1:4; Deuteronomy 2:33; Deuteronomy 3:3; Deuteronomy 4:46; Deuteronomy 7:2; Deuteronomy 29:6; Joshua 10:33, Joshua 10:40 (ועד—מִן location), Joshua 12:1, Joshua 12:6, Joshua 12:12; Joshua 13:12 (all D); Judges 1:5, Judges 1:17; I Samuel 11:11 (עד temp.), II Kings 13:17 (עַד־כְּלֵּה), II Kings 3:24 + v II Kings 3:24 (where read וַיָּבֹאוּ בוֹא וְהַכּוֹת and they went on defeating), Isaiah 10:20; Jeremiah 37:10, etc.; ins. וַיַּךְ or הִכָּה in II Samuel 8:13 Th Ke Kittel Budde compare Driver, after Septuagint; c. ב obj. I Samuel 14:31; I Samuel 23:2^(×2) (ה location—מִן); + לְפִי חֶרֶב Judges 20:48, etc.; of gods causing defeat II Chronicles 28:23; smite land = conquer, subjugate, sometimes ravage, Genesis 14:7; Joshua 10:40, I Samuel 27:9; Jeremiah 43:11; Jeremiah 46:13, compare Isaiah 14:6 (direct object cogn.); subj. י׳ Numbers 32:4; of י׳ smiting sea וְהִכָּה בַיָּם גַּלִּים Zechariah 10:11 (Bev^{JPh. xviii. 35 (1889), 88} proposes גבלים).

Of God,

smite with (ב) a plague, disease, etc.:—blindness Genesis 19:11, II Kings 6:18^(×2) compare Zechariah 12:4^(×2) (symbol.); of Egyptian plagues Exodus 3:20; Exodus 9:15 (both J), I Samuel 4:8, without ב Exodus 7:25, Exodus 12:13, Psalms 136:10 (direct object + בִּבְכוֹרֵיהֶם); other plagues Numbers 14:12, Deuteronomy 28:22, Deuteronomy 28:27, Deuteronomy 28:28, Deuteronomy 28:35; I Samuel 5:6; II Samuel 24:17; Job 2:7; Amos 4:9; Haggai 2:17; Malachi 3:24; I Samuel 5:6, I Samuel 5:9; II Kings 19:35 = Isaiah 37:36 (+ ב in); Numbers 11:33 (JE; בָּעָם + direct object cogn.); smite vines with (ב) blight Psalms 105:33.

smite = chastise, or send judgment upon, usually with a direct object, I Kings 14:15; I Chronicles 21:7; Isaiah 5:25; Isaiah 9:12; Isaiah 27:7 (הַכְּמַכַּת מַכֵּהוּ הִכָּהוּ), Isaiah 30:31 (ב instr.) Isaiah 57:17; Isaiah 60:10 (opposite רִחַם) Jeremiah 2:30; Jeremiah 5:3; Jeremiah 14:9; Ezekiel 32:15 (Septuagint Co זֵרָה scatter); c. עַל punish for, (sin) Leviticus 26:24.

of God’s destroying palaces Amos 3:15; Amos 6:11 (2 direct object), compare Zechariah 9:4.

past (עבר) הֻכָּה Hosea 9:16; Numbers 25:14. הוּכָּה Psalms 102:5; וְהֻכָּת consec. Exodus 22:1; 3rd feminine singular הֻכְּתָה Ezekiel 33:21; Ezekiel 40:1; 1st singular הֻכֵּ֫יתִי Zechariah 13:6; 3rd plural הֻכּוּ I Samuel 5:12; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural וַיּכֻּוּ Exodus 5:14; 2nd masculine plural תֻּכּוּ Isaiah 1:5; participle (בינוני) מֻכֶּה Numbers 25:14, construct מֻכֵּה Isaiah 53:4; f. מֻכָּה Numbers 25:15, Numbers 25:18; plural מֻפִּים Exodus 5:16, construct מֻכֵּי־ Jeremiah 18:21;—be smitten:

= receive a blow Isaiah 1:5 (Judah under figuratively of man).

be wounded Zechariah 13:6.

be beaten Exodus 5:14, Exodus 5:16.

be (fatally) smitten + verb of dying Exodus 22:1; be killed, slain Numbers 25:14^(×2), Numbers 25:15, Numbers 25:18 (c. עַל, for), מֻכֵּי־חֶרֶב Jeremiah 18:21 (‖ הֲרֻגֵי מָ֑וֶת); so also (absolute) probably I Samuel 4:2 (read וַיֻּכּוּ Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate Th Driver Klostermann Kittel, for Masoretic Text וַיַּכּוּ).

be attacked and captured, of city Ezekiel 33:21; Ezekiel 40:1.

be smitten with disease (by God) I Samuel 5:12; absolute, of י׳’s servant Isaiah 53:4.

be blighted, of plant (in figuratively) Hosea 9:16 (Ephr.), Psalms 102:5 (heart, כָּעֵשֶׂב; both + יָבַשׁ).

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נָכֵה

adjective smitten, stricken (compare [נָכָא]);—only construct: נְכֵה רַגְלַיִם II Samuel 4:4; II Samuel 9:3 crippled of feet; נְכֵה־רוּחַ Isaiah 66:2 contrite of spirit (+ עָנִי).

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נָכוֹן²

n.[m.] = blow Job 12:5 according to Schult Dillmann Budde, but precarious; < Niph. from כון q.see

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נְכוֹ

n.pr.m. Necho (II), king of Egypt (Egyptian Nkw, that is (Steindorff^{BAS i. 346 f.}) Nekawō; Assyrian Nikû Id.^ib. Schr^{COT 2 K 23:29} is grandfather of Bibl. Necho);—contemp. of Josiah and Nebuchad. [b.c. 611–605]: נְכוֹ II Chronicles 35:20 (Septuagint Φαραω Νεχαω), נְכֹה II Chronicles 35:22; II Chronicles 36:4 (Septuagint Φαραω Νεχαω); פַּרְעֹת נְכוֹ Jeremiah 46:2, פַּרְעֹה נְכֹה II Kings 23:29, II Kings 23:33, II Kings 23:34, II Kings 23:35 (all Septuagint the same).

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נָכוֹן³

n.pr.m. see sub כון, and see כִּידֹן.

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נָכַר

verb (not Qal) regard, recognize (Mishnaic Hebrew Hiph. know, be acquainted with; Targum Aph. the same; Syriac Aph. ܐܰܟܰܪ the same; compare also Arabic نَكِرَ in sense be shrewd, appar. rare, compare نُكْرٌ cunning Lane ^{2850 a}. see p. 1125);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine plural לֹא נִכְּרוּ Lamentations 4:8 they are not recognized.

past (עבר) לֹא נִכַּר שׁוֹעַ לִפְנֵי־דָ֑ל Job 34:19 he regardeth not the opulent above the poor (‖ לֹא־נָשָׂא פְּנֵי שָׂרִים); future (עתיד) לֹא תְנַכֵּ֑רוּ Job 21:29 do ye not recognize their tokens.

past (עבר) הִכִּיר Deuteronomy 33:9; Daniel 11:39 Kt; with suffix הִכִּירוֹ Genesis 27:23; 3rd plural הִכִּירוּ Judges 18:3 + 2 times, with suffix הִכִּירֻהוּ Job 2:12, הִכִּרֻהוּ Genesis 42:8; future (עתיד) יַכִּיר Deuteronomy 21:17 + 3 times + Daniel 11:39 Qr; וַיַּכֵּר Genesis 38:26 +; with suffix וַיַּכִּרֵ֫הוּ I Kings 18:7, יַכִּירֶ֫נּוּ Job 7:10, וַיַּכִּירָהּ Genesis 37:33, etc.; imperative (ציווי) הַֽכֶּר־ Genesis 31:32 + 2 times; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַכֵּֽר־ (Ginsb van d. H. הַֽכֶּר־) Proverbs 24:23; Proverbs 28:21; construct with suffix הַכִּירֵנִי Ruth 2:10; participle (בינוני) מַכִּיר Psalms 142:5, with suffix מַכִּירֵךְ Ruth 2:19, etc.;—

regard, observe, especially with a view to recognition, c. obj. cl., Genesis 31:32; Genesis 37:32; Genesis 38:25; pay attention to, with a direct object person Ruth 2:10, Ruth 2:19; direct object rei (of God) Job 34:25; direct object rei om. II Samuel 3:36; י׳ subj. כֵּן אַכִּיר … לְטוֹבָה Jeremiah 24:5 so will I regard the exiles … for good; Antiochus subj. Daniel 11:39; הִכִּיר פָּנִים pay regard to (shew partiality, = נָשָׂא פְּנֵי פ׳) Deuteronomy 1:17; Deuteronomy 16:19 (‖ הִטָּה מִשְׁפָּט), Proverbs 24:23; Proverbs 28:21.

Recognize (as formerly known) with a direct object person vel rei, Genesis 27:23; Genesis 37:33; Genesis 38:26 (all J), Genesis 42:7, Genesis 42:8^(×2), I Kings 18:7; I Kings 20:41; Job 2:12; proverb. בְּטֶרֶם יַכִּיר אִישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵהוּ Ruth 3:14 before a man could recognize his fellow (that is before dawn); recognize voice (קוֹל), Judges 18:3; I Samuel 26:17; = perceive the true situation, וָאַכִּירָה וְהִנֵּה Nehemiah 6:12 and I perceived, and lo! God had not sent him.

Be willing to recognize, acknowledge Deuteronomy 21:17; Deuteronomy 33:9; Isaiah 63:16 (‖ יָדַע), Psalms 142:5; acknowledge with honour Isaiah 61:9.

Be acquainted with, לֹא יַכִּירֶנּוּ עוֹד מְקוֹמוֹ Job 7:10 his place shall be acquainted with him no more (he shall be gone and forgotten), compare Psalms 103:16; with a direct object rei Job 24:13, Job 24:17.

Distinguish, understand, הִכִּיר קוֹל … לְקוֹל Ezra 3:13 could not distinguish, etc.; compare Job 4:16 could not distinguish its appearance; הִכִּיר לְדַבֵּר Nehemiah 13:24 understand how to speak, etc.

future (עתיד) יִתְנַכֶּר־נָ֑עַר Proverbs 20:11 by his deeds a youth maketh himself known, whether his doing be pure, etc.

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נֵכָר

n.[m.] that which is foreign, foreignness (on format. compare Lagarde^{BN 51, 154});—absolute נ׳ Judges 10:16 +, construct נֵכַר־ Deuteronomy 31:16;—foreignness (of another family, tribe, or nation), especially

אֱלֹהֵי (הַ)נֵּכָר = foreign gods Genesis 35:2, Genesis 35:4; Joshua 24:20, Joshua 24:23 (all E, = א׳ אֲחֵרִים of D, compare אַחֵר), Judges 10:16; I Samuel 7:3; Jeremiah 5:19; II Chronicles 33:15; א׳ נֵכַר־הָאָרֶץ Deuteronomy 31:16 = foreign gods of the land; singular אֵל נֵכָר Deuteronomy 32:12; Malachi 2:11 Psalms 81:10; אֱלוֹהַּ נ׳ Daniel 11:39.

בֶּן־(הַ)נֵּכָר = foreigner Genesis 17:12 (‖ לֹא מִזַּרְעֲךָ), v Genesis 17:27 Exodus 12:43 (all P), Leviticus 22:25, Ezekiel 44:9^(×2) Nehemiah 9:2; Isaiah 56:3; בְּנֵי (ה)נ׳ II Samuel 22:45, II Samuel 22:46 = Psalms 18:45, Psalms 18:46, Ezekiel 44:7; Isaiah 56:6; Isaiah 60:10; Isaiah 61:5; Isaiah 62:8 Psalms 144:7, Psalms 144:11.

other combin.: הַבְלֵי נ׳ Jeremiah 8:19 foreign vanities (idolatries); מִזְבְּחוֹת הַנּ׳ II Chronicles 14:2 foreign altars; אַדְמַת נ׳ Psalms 137:4 foreign soil; מִכָּל־נ׳ Nehemiah 13:30 from everything foreign.

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נָכְרִי

adjective foreign, alien (Mishnaic Hebrew נָכְרִי = Gentile);—נ׳ absolute m. Zephaniah 1:8 +; f. נָכְרִיָּה Exodus 2:22 +; mpl. נָכְרִים Isaiah 2:6 + 2 times + Proverbs 20:16 Kt (> Qr נָכְרִיָּה), + Proverbs 27:13 (so read for Masoretic Text נָכְרִיָּה); fpl. נָכְרִיּוֹת Genesis 31:15 +;—

foreign: עַם נָכְרִי Exodus 21:8 a foreign (non-Isr.) people, אִישׁ נ׳ Deuteronomy 17:15 (‖ לֹא אָחִיךָ); מַלְבּוּשׁ נ׳ Zephaniah 1:8; אֶרֶץ נָכְרִיָּה Exodus 2:22 foreign land, so Exodus 18:3; especially נָשִׁים נָכְרִיּוֹת foreign (non-Isr.) women I Kings 11:1, I Kings 11:8; Ezra 10:2, Ezra 10:10, Ezra 10:11, Ezra 10:14, Ezra 10:17, Ezra 10:18, Ezra 10:44; Nehemiah 13:26, Nehemiah 13:27.

as noun נָכְרִי foreigner (non-Isr.) Judges 19:12 (+ אֲשֶׁר לֹא מִבְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל), I Kings 8:41 (+ אֲשֶׁר לֹא מֵעַמְּךָ), = II Chronicles 6:32 (+ the same), I Kings 8:43 = II Chronicles 6:33, Deuteronomy 14:21 (‖ גֵּר), Deuteronomy 15:3; Deuteronomy 23:21 (opposite אָחִיךָ), Deuteronomy 29:21 (+ אֲשֶׁר יָבֹא מֵאֶרֶץ רְהוֹקָה); as predicate, II Samuel 15:19 (‖ גֹּלָה), נָכְרִיָּה Ruth 2:10; plural נָכְרִים foreigners Lamentations 5:2 (‖ זָרִים), Obadiah 1:11 (‖ the same); compare יַלְדֵי נָכְרִים Isaiah 2:6; fpl. alien women Genesis 31:15 (E; that is not of one’s father’s family).

נָכְרִיָּה foreign woman, as term. techn., in Pr, for harlot (perhaps because harlots were orig. chiefly foreigners): Proverbs 2:16 (‖ אִשָּׁה זָרָה), Proverbs 7:5 (‖ the same), Proverbs 5:20 (‖ זָרָה), Proverbs 6:24 (‖ אֵשֶׁת רָ֑ע), Proverbs 23:27 (‖ זוֹנָה).—On Proverbs 20:16; Proverbs 27:13 see below

figuratively unknown, unfamiliar: נָכְרִי הָיִיתִי בְּעֵינֵיהֶם Job 19:15 an alien am I become in their eyes; נ׳ לִבְנֵי אִמִּי Psalms 69:9 (‖ מוּזָר הָיִיתִי לְאֶחָ֑י); אִישׁ נ׳ Ecclesiastes 6:2; of י׳’s judgment, נָכְרִיָּה עֲבֹדָתוֹ Isaiah 28:21 strange is his task! (‖ זָר מַעֲשֵׂהוּ); גֶּפֶן נָכְרִיָּה Jeremiah 2:21 an alien vine (opposite זֶרַע אֱמֶת), figuratively of degenerate Israel; as noun, נָכְרִים Proverbs 20:16 Kt (> Qr נָכְרִיָּה), aliens, persons unknown to him (‖ זָר), so read also (for Masoretic Text נָכְרִיָּה) ‖ Proverbs 27:13; compare Proverbs 5:10; Proverbs 27:2.

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נְמוּאֵל

n.pr.m. (compare Gray^{Prop. N. 307});—

son of Simeon Numbers 26:12; I Chronicles 4:24 (= יְמוּאֵל, q.see, Genesis 46:10; Exodus 6:15), Septuagint Ναμουηλ.

a Reubenite (brother of Dathan and Abiram) Numbers 26:9, Septuagint the same

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נְמָלָה

noun (fem.)unit. (Lagarde^{BN 81}) ant (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic نَمْلَةٌ (nom. unit of نَمْلٌ); Syriac ܢܡܳܠܴܐ );—absolute נ׳ Proverbs 6:6; plural הַנְּמָלִים Proverbs 30:25.

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נָמֵר

noun (masc.) ^{Is 11:6} leopard;—absolute נ׳ Hosea 13:7 + 3 times; plural נְמֵרִים Habakkuk 1:8; Song of Songs 4:8;—leopard, as spotted Jeremiah 13:23, swift Habakkuk 1:8, keen-eyed Jeremiah 5:6 (symb. of calamities of Isr.), so Hosea 13:7 (sim. of י׳); נ׳ עִם־גְּדִי יִרְבָּ֑ץ Isaiah 11:6 (predict.); הַרֲרֵי נְמֵרִים Song of Songs 4:8 (‖ מְעֹנוֹת אֲרָיוֹת).

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נִמְרִים

n.pr.location in Moab (compare Sab. נמרן attrib. of Barḳ^m., DHM^{ZMG xxix (1875), 592}, see also CIS^{iv. Noldeke. 103, p. 169}; مَآءٌ نَمِيرٌ wholesome water Lane²⁸⁵³, also Wellhausen^l.c.);—only מֵי נִמְרִים Isaiah 15:6 Jeremiah 48:34; probably = Βηνναμαρειμ Lagarde^{Onom. 284, 33}, in Wady Numêre at SE. end of Dead Sea, Buhl^{Geogr. 272}.

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נִמְרֹד

n.pr.m. Nimrod (etym. and meaning wholly unknown; Gesenius' Thesaurus (doubtful) sub מָרַד rebel (of which Hebr. may have thought [compare Lagarde^{BN 105}]); in fact probably Bab. name; 1. = a god for example Marduk, Wellhausen^{Comp. Hex. (2), 308 f.; Nimrod, Encycl. Brit. (9), xvii. 511}, Robertson Smith^{Sem. i. 91 n.; 2d ed. 92}; Hom^{PSBA xv (1893), 291–300} proposes Narûdu = Namra-uddu, a star-god. 2. < name of Bab. king or prince: Nu-marad = ‘Man of Marad’ compare Delitzsch^{Pa 220} De Genesis 10:8 [1887]; more plausibly = Nazi-maraddash, Haupt^{Andover Rev. July, 1884, 93 f.} Delitzsch^{K (1884)} Say^{Athen. Feb. 16, 1895, Acad. Mar. 2, 1895} (compare Cheyne^{ib. Mar. 9}),—that is a Kashite kg., b. c. 1378, but doubtful, compare Haupt^{BAS i (1889), 183}, Jeremias^{Izdubar-Nimrod, 1891, 1 ff.};—son of כּוּשׁ (q.see), hero and hunter Genesis 10:8, Genesis 10:9 (J; kg. in Babylonia, builder of Nineveh, etc. v Genesis 10:10), נִמְרוֹד I Chronicles 1:10; אֶרֶץ נִמְרֹד Micah 5:5 (‖ אֶרֶץ אַשּׁוּר); Septuagint Νεβρωδ.)

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נִמְשִׁי

n.pr.m. grandfather of Jehu II Kings 9:2, II Kings 9:14; יֵהוּא בֶן־נ׳ I Kings 19:16; II Kings 9:20; II Chronicles 22:7; Septuagint Ναμεσθει, Ναμεσ(σ)ει.

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נֵס

see II. נסס.

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נְסִבָּה

see סבב.

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נָסָה

verb Pi. test, try (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Pi.; Targum Pa. נַסִּי; Syriac Pa. ܢܰܣܺܝ; compare Ethiopic መንሱት temptation);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִסָּה Deuteronomy 4:34 + 3 times; with suffix נִסָּהוּ Exodus 15:25; 3rd feminine singular נִסְּתָה Deuteronomy 28:56; 1st singular נִסִּיתִי Ecclesiastes 7:23, + 4 times past (עבר); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix יְנַסֵּם Daniel 1:14; 1st singular אֲנְסֶּה Judges 6:39; with suffix אֲנַסְּכָה Ecclesiastes 2:2; 3rd masculine plural יְנַסּוּ Numbers 14:22; 2nd masculine plural תְּנַסּ֑וּן Exodus 17:2, + 7 times future (עתיד); imperative (ציווי) נַס Daniel 1:12; with suffix נַסֵּנִי Psalms 26:2; infinitive (מקור) construct נַסּוֹת Exodus 20:17, + 8 times infinitive (מקור); participle (בינוני) מְנַסֶּה Deuteronomy 13:4;—

test, try (syn. בחן), absolute I Samuel 17:39 (equipment); c. בְּ Judges 6:39 Ecclesiastes 2:1; with a direct object Daniel 1:12, Daniel 1:14; direct object + בְּ I Kings 10:1 = II Chronicles 9:1, Ecclesiastes 2:1; Ecclesiastes 7:23.

attempt, essay, try to do a thing, c. infinitive (מקור) Deuteronomy 4:34 (c. לְ) Deuteronomy 28:56; with a direct object Job 4:2 (venture a word).

test, try, prove, tempt [but not in modern sense of the word: see Driver ^{Dt 6:16; ψ 453, 483}]

God tests or proves Abr. Genesis 22:1, Isr. Exodus 15:25; Exodus 20:17, Exodus 16:4, Deuteronomy 8:2, Deuteronomy 8:16; Deuteronomy 13:4; c. בְּ Judges 2:22; Judges 3:1, Judges 3:4; tribe of Levi Deuteronomy 33:8 (poem); Hezekiah II Chronicles 32:31; psalmist Psalms 26:2.

Isr. tests, or tries God: Exodus 17:2, Exodus 17:7; Numbers 14:22, Deuteronomy 6:16 Psalms 78:18, Psalms 78:41, Psalms 78:56; Psalms 95:9; Psalms 106:14; so Ahaz, Isaiah 7:12.

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נָסַךְ

verb pour out (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, pour, cast (metals, Pi. make libation; Phoenician נסך cast gold or iron Lidzbarski^323f.; Targum נְסַךְ make libation; Syriac ܢܣܰܟ pour out; Arabic نَسَكَ, orig. be-pour, water Noldeke^{ZMG xli (1887), 719} (rare), usually worship Lane³⁰³² (compare Robertson Smith^{Sem. i. 213; 2d ed. 229}), that is pour out blood of victim, pour out wine Wellhausen^{Heid. 2, 114, 118, 142});—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נָסַךְ Isaiah 29:10; Isaiah 40:19; נָסָ֑ךְ Isaiah 44:10; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יִסְּכוּ. Hosea 9:4; 2nd masculine singular תִּסְּכוּ Exodus 30:9; infinitive (מקור) לִנְסֹךְ Isaiah 30:1; see ii. נסך for Isaiah 25:7;—

pour out (the spirit of deep sleep) c. על person Isaiah 29:10.

pour out libations, with a direct object נֶסֶךְ Exodus 30:9; מַסֵּכָה Isaiah 30:1; יַיִן Hosea 9:4.

cast metal images, with a direct object פֶּסֶל Isaiah 40:19; Isaiah 44:10.

future (עתיד) יְנַסֵּךְ I Chronicles 11:18 pour out as libation, with a direct object מַיִם + ליהוה (= II Samuel 23:16 Hiph.).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine plural הִסִּכוּ Jeremiah 32:39; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיַּסֵּךְ Genesis 35:14 + 2 times; 1st singular אַסִּיךְ Psalms 16:4; 3rd masculine plural וַיַסִּיכוּ Ezekiel 20:28; imperative (ציווי) הַסֵּךְ Numbers 28:7; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַסֵּיךְ Jeremiah 44:17; הַסֵּךְ Jeremiah 7:18 + 3 times; construct לְהַסֵּךְ Jeremiah 44:19, Jeremiah 44:25 (Konig^{i. 309});—pour out libations, with a direct object נֶסֶךְ Genesis 35:14, II Kings 16:13; Numbers 28:7, מַיִם II Samuel 23:16 ליהוה; elsewhere, נְסָכִים to other gods Jeremiah 7:18; Jeremiah 19:13; Jeremiah 32:29; Jeremiah 44:17, Jeremiah 44:18, Jeremiah 44:19^(×2), Jeremiah 44:25, 19 Ezekiel 20:28 Psalms 16:4. Hop. future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יֻסַּךְ be poured out, Exodus 25:29; Exodus 37:16, of holy wine, c. בְ of vessels.

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נֶ֫סֶךְ

noun (masc.) drink-offering;—absolute נ׳ Genesis 35:14 + 6 times; נֵ֫סֶךְ Exodus 29:40; Exodus 30:9; Ezekiel 45:17; נָ֑סֶךְ Numbers 4:7; Joel 1:13; construct נֶסֶךְ Numbers 28:7; with suffix נִסְכִּי Isaiah 48:5, etc.; plural נְסָכִים Jeremiah 7:18 + 9 times; with suffix נְסָכֶיהָ Numbers 29:31, נִסְכֵּיכֶם v Numbers 29:39, etc.;—

drink-offering, c. עַל (on Jacob’s מַצֵּבָה at Bethel) Genesis 35:14; elsewhere in worship of י׳ only P and related doc.; once of vessels of holy table קְשׂוֹת הַנָּ֑סֶךְ Numbers 4:7; elsewhere in classifications Leviticus 23:37; Numbers 29:39, usually offered with the עלה Exodus 29:40; Leviticus 23:13, Leviticus 23:18; Numbers 15:5, Numbers 15:7, Numbers 15:10, Numbers 15:24; Numbers 28:7, Numbers 28:14, Numbers 28:31; Numbers 29:18, Numbers 29:21, Numbers 29:24, Numbers 29:27, Numbers 29:30, Numbers 29:33, Numbers 29:37, especially עוֹלַת הַתָּמִיד Numbers 28:9, Numbers 28:10, Numbers 28:15, Numbers 28:24; Numbers 29:6, Numbers 29:11, Numbers 29:16, Numbers 29:19, Numbers 29:22, Numbers 29:25, Numbers 29:28, Numbers 29:31, Numbers 29:34, Numbers 29:38; מִנְחַת הַבֹּקֶר Exodus 29:41; Numbers 28:8; but sometimes also with (שׁלמים) זבח Numbers 6:15, Numbers 6:17; Numbers 15:15, Numbers 15:10; usually + מִנְחָה; elsewhere only I Chronicles 29:21; II Chronicles 29:35; Ezekiel 45:17; מִנְחָה וָנ׳ Joel 1:9, Joel 1:13; Joel 2:14. Offered to other gods II Kings 6:13, II Kings 6:15; Isaiah 57:6; Jeremiah 7:18; Jeremiah 19:13; Jeremiah 32:29; Jeremiah 44:17, Jeremiah 44:18, Jeremiah 44:19^(×2), Jeremiah 44:25; Ezekiel 20:28 Psalms 16:4.

molten images, Isaiah 41:29; Isaiah 48:5; Jeremiah 10:14; Jeremiah 51:17.—Combinations are: נָסַךְ נ׳, הִסִּיךְ נ׳ (see verb); שָׁפַךְ נ׳ Isaiah 57:6.

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נָסַךְ²

verb weave (Arabic نَسَجَ has same meaning);—

participle (בינוני) passive f. נְסוּכָה Isaiah 25:7; perhaps also infinitive (מקור) construct לִנְסֹךְ Isaiah 30:1; on both see following

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נָסַךְ³

verb set, install (Assyrian nasâku, the same, whence nasîku, prince, Delitzsch^{HWB 472}; see also Muss-Arnolt^{Hbr. vi. 89, R. 17} and reff.);—

past (עבר) 1st singular נָסַכְתִּי מַלְכִּי עַל־צִיּוֹן Psalms 2:6 I have installed my king upon Zion.

past (עבר) 1st singular נִסַּכְתִּי Proverbs 8:23 I was installed (of Wisdom).

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נָסַס

verb be sick (?; compare Syriac ܢܰܣ the same, and especially ܢܰܣܺܝܣ debilis, infirmus, aegrotans, etc., Payne Smith (Syriac Thesaurus)²³⁸⁷; Targum נְסַס be sad; Assyrian nasâsu, wail, lament Delitzsch^{HWB 427}; Arabic نَسَّ is go at a gentle pace);—only

participle (בינוני) active (si vera l.) כִּמְסֹס נֹסֵס Isaiah 10:18 like the wasting away of a sick man (so Gesenius' Thesaurus Ewald De Cheyne Dillmann Duhm).

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נֵס²

n.[m.] standard, ensign, signal, sign (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, flag, usually sign, that is miracle; Targum נֵס, נִסָּא sign, miracle);—נ׳ absolute Numbers 21:8 +; construct Isaiah 31:9; with suffix נִסִּי Exodus 17:15; Isaiah 49:22;—

standard, as rallying-point, י׳ נִסִּי Exodus 17:15, י׳ my standard (name of altar); conspicuously set on hill Isaiah 30:17 (sim. of solitariness; ‖ תֹּרֶן עַל־רֹאשׁ הָהָר); signal of war [see Schumacher^{ZPV ix. 232, Across the Jordan, 104 f.}] (especially to the nations, for destruction or deliverance of Judah, Is Je), נָשָׂא נ׳ לַגּוֹיִם Isaiah 5:26; Isaiah 11:12 compare Isaiah 18:3 (on mts., ‖ תָּקַע שׁוֹפָר); אֶל־עַמִּים אָרִים נ׳ Isaiah 49:22 (‖ אֶשָּׂא אֶל־גּוֹיִם יָדִי),—in all these subj. י׳; compare עֹמֵד לְנֵס עַמִּים Isaiah 11:10 (of Mess. kg.); שְׂאוּ נ׳ Isaiah 13:2 (on mt.) Isaiah 31:9, Jeremiah 50:2; Jeremiah 51:12 (c. אֶל־ against), v Jeremiah 51:27 (‖ תִּקְעוּ שׁוֹפָר בַּגּוֹיִם), הָרִימוּ נ׳ עַל־עַמִּים Isaiah 62:10, compare Jeremiah 4:21 (‖ קוֹל שׁוֹפָר); נָתַתָּה … נ׳ לְהִתְנוֹסֵס Psalms 60:6 thou hast set a standard (only) for fleeing.

signal, שְׂאוּ נ׳ צִיּ֫וֹנָה Jeremiah 4:6 (that is to direct refugees to Zion).

standard, as pole, supporting serpent of bronze Numbers 21:8, Numbers 21:9.

ensign, signal, שֵׁשׁ … מִמִּצְרַיִם הָיָה מִפְרָשֵׁךְ לִהְיוֹת לָךְ לְנֵס Ezekiel 27:7 byssus from Egypt was thy sail, to serve thee for an ensign (so DaToy; on lack of pennon on ancient ships see Co; > del. Co Berthol); so

(since sails were the only ensign) = sail Isaiah 33:23 (Cheyne Dillmann al.; > pennon Gesenius Hitzig Ewald De Duhm).

sign (compare Mishnaic Hebrew) = warning Numbers 26:10.

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נָסַע

verb pull out or up, set out, journey (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, move, march; Assyrian nisû, set out, withdraw, etc. Delitzsch^{HWB 470}; Noldeke^{ZMG xl (1886), 723} cp. also Arabic نَزَعَ, Ethiopic ነዝዐ: [rare] pull up, away, so Barth^{ES 51});—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נ׳ Genesis 33:17 +, 3rd masculine plural נָֽסְעוּ Deuteronomy 10:6, נָסָ֑עוּ Numbers 2:34 +, etc.; future (עתיד) יִסַּע Isaiah 33:20, וַיִּסַּע Genesis 12:9 +, with suffix וַיִּסָּעֵם Judges 16:3; 3rd masculine plural יִסְעוּ Exodus 40:36 +, יִסָּ֑עוּ Numbers 2:9 +; 2nd masculine plural תִּסְעוּ Joshua 3:3; 1st plural נִסְעָה cohort. Genesis 33:12, וַנִּסַּע Deuteronomy 1:19; Deuteronomy 2:1, וַנִּסְעָה Ezra 8:31, etc.; imperative (ציווי) סְעוּ Deuteronomy 2:24 +; infinitive (מקור) absolute נָסוֹעַ Genesis 12:9; construct נְסֹעַ Joshua 3:14 +; with suffix נָסְעָם Genesis 11:2 Numbers 10:34; participle (בינוני) נֹסֵעַ Exodus 14:10; Numbers 10:33; plural נֹסְעִים Numbers 10:29;—

pull out or up, city-gate and gate-posts Judges 16:3; loom v Judges 16:14 (on text compare GFM), tent-pegs Isaiah 33:20 (figuratively of Jerusalem; compare also Niph.)

hence (from pulling up tent-pegs),

set out Genesis 35:5; Numbers 12:15 (both E), Jeremiah 4:7 (‖ יָצָא מִמְּקוֹמוֹ); even of lifeless things, for example the ark, הָאָרוֹן Numbers 10:35; often in P: Exodus 14:15; Exodus 40:37; Numbers 1:51; Numbers 4:5, Numbers 4:15; Numbers 9:17 + 8 times Numbers 9, Numbers 10:5, Numbers 10:6, Numbers 10:17, Numbers 10:18, Numbers 10:21, Numbers 10:22, Numbers 10:25, so probably also Numbers 2:8 + 6 times Numbers 2 (see below; even of lifeless things, דֶּגֶל Numbers 10:18, Numbers 10:22, מִשְׁכָּן Numbers 1:51, אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד Numbers 2:17), Numbers 33:3; וַיִּסַּע … וַיָּבֹא Genesis 46:1 and Isr. set out, and came, etc., Exodus 16:1; Exodus 19:2; Numbers 20:22; Joshua 9:17 (all P), Deuteronomy 1:7, נִסְעָה וְנֵלֵ֑כָה Deuteronomy 33:12; (… וַיַּעֲלוּ) וַיִּסְעוּ Judges 18:11, סְעוּ וְעִבְרוּ Deuteronomy 2:24; נ׳ often c. מִן Genesis 35:16, Numbers 10:34, נ׳ מֵאָהֳלֵיהֶם לַעֲבֹר Joshua 3:14, set out from their tents, to cross, etc., compare נ׳ מִן … לָלֶכֶת Ezra 8:31; c. מִן + ויבא, Joshua 3:1, Numbers 33:9, + וַיֵּלֶךְ v Numbers 33:3, Deuteronomy 1:19, + וַיַּעַבְרוּ Numbers 33:8; + וַיָּשָׁב + וַיַּחֲנוּ Numbers 33:7.

depart, c. מִן Genesis 37:17, II Kings 3:27; II Kings 19:8, II Kings 19:36 = Isaiah 37:8, Isaiah 37:37; even of עַמּוּד הֶעָנָן Exodus 14:19; of angel v Exodus 14:19 (E; + וַיֵּלֶךְ).

journey, march (by stages) Genesis 12:9; Genesis 35:21 both J), Numbers 10:13, Numbers 10:14, Numbers 10:28, (poss. also Numbers 2:9 etc., compare 2 above); + לְמַסְעֵיהֶם according to their stations, that is by stages Exodus 17:1; Numbers 10:12 (+ מִן), compare Exodus 40:36 (all P); followed by ה location Genesis 12:9; Genesis 33:17 (both J), Deuteronomy 1:40; Deuteronomy 2:1; סְעוּ לָכֶם הַמִּדְבָּר Numbers 14:25; followed by מִקֶּדֶם eastward (see מִן 1. c) Genesis 11:2; Genesis 13:11 (both J), אַחֲרֵי Exodus 14:10, אֶל־ Numbers 10:29, לִפְנֵי v Numbers 10:33 (of ark; all J); followed by מִן + ה location Genesis 20:1, Deuteronomy 10:6, Deuteronomy 10:7; Exodus 12:37, + direct object location Numbers 11:35; followed by מִן + direct object of distance, דֶּרֶךְ Numbers 10:33, Numbers 21:4; especially וַיִּסְעוּ מִן … וַיַּחֲנוּ Numbers 21:12, Numbers 21:13, Exodus 13:20; Numbers 21:11; Numbers 33:5 + 37 times Numbers 33 (all P); of shepherds Jeremiah 31:24.—נָֽסְעוּ כְמוֹ צֹאן Zechariah 10:2 is doubtful; Wellhausen נָעוּ or יָנֻעוּ, so Nowack.

of wind, נ׳ רוּחַ מֵאֵת י׳ Numbers 11:31 there set forth (sprang up) a wind from י׳.

past (עבר) be pulled up, removed: 3rd masculine singular דּוֹרִי נִסַּע וְנִגְלָה מִנִּי כְּאֹהֶל רֹעִי Isaiah 38:12; of wealth הֲלֹא נִסַּע Job 4:21 (reading יְתֵדָם for יִתְרָם, see ii. יֶתֶר).

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַסַּע Psalms 78:26, וַיַּסַּע Exodus 15:22 + 2 times; 2nd masculine singular תַּסִּיעַ Psalms 80:9, 3rd feminine singular תַּסִּיעִי II Kings 4:4; 3rd masculine plural וַיַּסִּ֫עוּ I Kings 5:31; participle (בינוני) מַסִּיעַ Ecclesiastes 10:9;—

cause to set out, lead out, with a direct object person Exodus 15:22 (J; + מִן, וַיֵּצְאוּ), Psalms 78:52 (כַּצֹּאן; ‖ וַיְנַהֲגֵם), Psalms 80:9 (מִן; figuratively of vine); figuratively of a wind, cause to spring up, יַסַּע קָדִים Psalms 78:26 (‖ וַיְנַהֵג; compare Qal 4).

remove, with a direct object rei II Kings 4:4; וַיַּסַּע כָּעֵץ תִּקְוָתִי Job 19:10; specif., remove from quarry, quarry: I Kings 5:31 and they quarried great stones, compare Ecclesiastes 10:9.

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נִסְרֹךְ

n.pr.div. Assyrian god, worshipped by Sennach., II Kings 19:37 = Isaiah 37:38; Septuagint Εσδραχ, A Εσθραχ, SeptuagintL Ασραχ (K); Septuagint Νασαραχ, א Ασαρακ, A Ασαραχ (Is); Jos^{Ant. x. 1, 5} Αρασκη; no such god in cuneif. inscr.; see views in Meinh^{Jesaiaerzählungen (1898) ad location}; crpt. form of Nusku (= נסוך) according to Hal^{JAs. xiii (1879), 387 = Mél. de Crit. 177} Muss-Arnolt^{JBL xi. 1 (1892), 86; Hbr. vii. 89 R. 17}; Nusku is a solar deity, compare Jastr^{Rel. Bab. 220 f.}

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נֵעָה²

see נוע.

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נַ֫עַל

noun (fem.) ^{Jos 9:5} sandal, shoe (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic نَعْلٌ the same (also horse-shoe, etc.); Syriac ܢܰܥܠܴܐ appar. only horse-shoe (rare; also NS) Payne Smith (Syriac Thesaurus)²⁴⁰⁵; compare poss. Ethiopic ንዑልት: (obsol.) wife of Levirate marriage Dillmann⁶⁷⁶);—absolute נ׳ Genesis 14:23, נָ֑עַל Deuteronomy 25:10; with suffix נַעֲלִי Psalms 60:10; Psalms 108:10, נַעַלְךָ Joshua 5:15, etc.; dual נַעֲלָ֑יִם Amos 2:6; Amos 8:6; plural נִ֑עָלִים Isaiah 11:15; Song of Songs 7:2, נְעָלוֹת Joshua 9:5; with suffix נְעָלֶיךָ Exodus 3:5; Ezekiel 24:17, נְעָלָיו Isaiah 5:27, נְעָלֵינוּ Joshua 9:13, נַעֲלֵיכֶם Exodus 12:11; Ezekiel 24:23;—sandal Judges 9:13, Amos 2:6; Amos 8:6 (dual = pair of sandals; mentioned as of little worth); Deuteronomy 29;Deuteronomy 4; on (ב) feet Joshua 9:5, I Kings 2:5; Ezekiel 24:23 Exodus 12:11; compare פְּעָמַיִךְ בַּנְּעָלִים Song of Songs 7:2, וְהִדְרִיךְ בַּנ׳ Isaiah 11:15; put on sandal is שִׂים נ׳ בְּרֶגֶל Ezekiel 24:17; loose the sandal is חָלַץ Isaiah 20:2; Deuteronomy 25:9 compare v Deuteronomy 25:10; שַׁל (imperative (ציווי)) Exodus 3:5, Joshua 5:15; שָׁלַף Ruth 4:7, Ruth 4:8 compare Burton^{Midian ii. 197}); sandal-thong is שְׂרוֹךְ Genesis 14:23; Isaiah 5:27; עַל־אֱדוֹם אַשְׁלִיךְ נַעֲלִי Psalms 60:10 upon Edom do I cast my sandal = Psalms 108:10, denotes either contempt (Hup; עַל = unto, figuratively of slave), or taking possession of (Fl in De, Cheyne Bae), ‖ מוֹאָב סִיר רַחְצִי favoursformer.—On symbolic use of sandal see further Goldziher^{Abh. z. Arabic Philol. i. 47 f.} Jacob^{Arabic Dicht. iv. 23}.

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נָעֵם

verb be pleasant, delightful, lovely (Phoenician נעם good Lidzbarski³²⁴ (and many n.pr.); Arabic نَعِمَ be plentiful, easy, pleasant; أَنْعَمَ على shew gracious favour toward, often in Qor; Sab. נעם be lovely, agreeable, well Levy-Os^{ZMG xix (1865), 178} CIS^{iv. 19, 11}, so Min. Hom^{Südar. Chrest. 128}; Old Aramaic in n.pr. Lidzbarski^{222, 324} Cook⁸² (נעמתי my darling [or my songs, compare II. נ׳]); Targum נָעִים pleasant,lovely, נְעִימְתָּא loveliness; Prä^{BAS i. 46 f.} cp. Ethiopic አደመ: be pleasant, = አንዐመ: );—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular נָעֵ֑מָה Genesis 49:15 (poem in J; of land); 2nd masculine singular (of delightful friend) נָעַמְתָּ לִי מְאֹד II Samuel 1:26, also (of physical beauty) מִמִּי נָעָ֑מְתָּ Ezekiel 32:19; 2nd feminine singular (the same) מַה־נָּעַמְתְּ Song of Songs 7:7 how lovely art thou! (‖ מַה־יָּפִית); 3rd plural, of pleasant words, נָעֵ֑מוּ Psalms 141:6; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִנְעָ֑ם: לְנַפְשְׁךָ יִנ׳ Proverbs 2:10 (of knowledge); לֶחֶם סְתָרִים יִנ׳ Proverbs 9:17 (‖ יִמְתָּ֑קוּ); יִנ׳ Proverbs 24:25 is impers. c. ל, to them … shall be delight.

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נֹ֫עַם

noun (masc.) ^{ψ 90:17} delightfulness, pleasantness (Ecclus נועם תירוש Psalms 32:6);—נ׳ absolute Zechariah 11:7 + 4 times; construct Psalms 27:4; Psalms 90:17;—

delightfulness of י׳: contemplated in temple Psalms 27:4, shewn in his favour, וִיהִי נ׳ אדני … עָלֵינוּ Psalms 90:17.

name of one of two symbol. staves Zechariah 11:7, Zechariah 11:10.

pleasantness, as defining genit.: דַּרְכֵי־נ׳ Proverbs 3:17; אִמְרֵי־נ׳ Proverbs 15:26; Proverbs 16:24.

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נָעִים

adjective pleasant, delightful (poet.);—absolute נ׳ Proverbs 22:18 +; construct נְעִים II Samuel 23:1; plural נְעִמִים Psalms 16:6, נְעִימִם II Samuel 1:23, נְעִימִים Proverbs 23:8; f. נְעִמוֹת Psalms 16:11;—

delightful הַנֶּאֱהָבִים וְהַנּ׳ בְּחַיֵּיהֶם II Samuel 1:23 (of Saul and Jonath.); of wealth, הוֹן יָקָר וְנ׳ Proverbs 24:4; words Proverbs 23:8; of acts, etc.: מַה־טּוֹב וּמַה־נּ׳ שֶׁבֶת אַחִים גַּם־יָ֑חַד Psalms 133:1; singing praises to י׳, Psalms 135:3; Psalms 147:1; keeping wise teachings Proverbs 22:18; as noun = delight יְכַלּוּ יְמֵיהֶם בַּטּוֹב וּשְׁנֵיהֶם בַּנְּעִימִים Job 36:11 (of earthly prosperity); of spiritual delights Psalms 16:6, Psalms 16:11.

lovely, beautiful (physically), Song of Songs 1:16 (‖ יָפֶה).—Psalms 81:3; II Samuel 23:1 see ii. נָעִים sub II. נעם.

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נַעֲמָה

n.pr.f.

sister of Tubal Cain Genesis 4:22 Septuagint Νοεμα, SeptuagintL Νοεμμα.

Ammonitess, mother of Rehoboam I Kings 14:21 Septuagint Μααχαμ, A Νααμα, SeptuagintL Ναανα = II Chronicles 12:13, Septuagint Νοομμα, SeptuagintL Νααμα; also I Kings 14:31 but probably gloss (om. SeptuagintB, SeptuagintL, etc.).

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נַעֲמָה²

n.pr.location city assigned to Judah in Philist. plain Joshua 15:41; Septuagint Νωμαν, A Νωμα, SeptuagintL Νομα.

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נָעֳמִי

n.pr.f. mother-in-law of Ruth, Ruth 1:2, Ruth 1:3, Ruth 1:8 + 18 times Ru; SeptuagintB Νωεμειν; A Νωεμμειν Ruth 1:2, Νοεμμειν v Ruth 1:3, usually Νοομει(ν); SeptuagintL Νοομι.

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נַעֲמָן

n.[m.] usually pleasantness (so Gesenius' Thesaurus amoenitas), but perhaps epithet of Adonis (so Mo^{Phoen. i. 227} Lagarde^{Symm. i. 468; Semit. i. 32} who cp. red flower called شقاىٔق النعمان [see Lane¹⁵⁷⁸], that is wound of Adonis, whence ἀνεμώνη; compare Ewald^{Proph. i. 364} Robertson Smith^{Proph. vi. n. 10} and see Lewy^{Fremdwörter, 49});—only plural נִטְעֵי נַעֲמָנִים Isaiah 17:10 Septuagint φύτευμα ἄπιστον) perhaps = Adonis-plantations, or gardens (on double plural see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 124 q; and on Ἀδώνιδος κῆποι see Rochette^{Rev. Archéol. viii. 1851, 105–123} Daremberg et Saglio^{Dict. des Antiquités (1877), i. 73, and reff.} WSmith^{Dict. Antiq. (3) i. 25} Fl in Levy^{NHWB iv. 229}).

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נַעֲמָן²

n.pr.m.

son of Benj. Genesis 46:21, Septuagint Νοεμ(μ)αν; = grandson of Benj. Numbers 26:40^(×2), Septuagint Νοεμα(νει), I Chronicles 8:4, I Chronicles 8:7 (so Septuagint Genesis 46:21), Septuagint in Ch Νοομα, SeptuagintL Ναμει, Νααμαν.

Aramaean general II Kings 5:1, II Kings 5:2, II Kings 5:6 + 8 times II Kings 5; Septuagint Ναιμαν, SeptuagintL Νεεμαν.

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נָעִים²

adjective perhaps singing, sweetly sounding, musical;—absolute כִּנּוֹר נ׳ Psalms 81:3 sweetly-sounding lyre; construct, as noun, נְעִים זְמִרוֹת יִשׂ׳ II Samuel 23:1 Israel’s sweet singer of songs (compare Driver II Samuel 8:10 Löhr; Vulgate egregius psaltes Israel, and so Gesenius Ewald al., from I. נעם; joy of the songs of Isr. HPS, compare Klostermann Kittel).

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נָעַר

verb growl (Mishnaic Hebrew the same cry, bray; compare Syriac ܢܥܰܪ; Arabic نَعَرَ make a noise Lane²⁸¹⁵; poss. Assyrian naʾru, cry, roar (?) Delitzsch, Assyrian Dictionary ⁴³⁹);—only

past (עבר) 3rd plural נָֽעֲרוּ כְּגוֹרֵי אֲרָיוֹת Jeremiah 51:38 (‖ כַּכְּפִרִים יִשְׁאָ֑גוּ).

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נָעַר²

verb shake, shake out or off (Mishnaic Hebrew נָעַר shake, stir up, especially Pi. Niph.; Targum נְעֹרֶת tow (see below); Arabic نَغِرَ, نَغَرَ boil, be in violent commotion, be very angry);—

past (עבר) 1st singular נָעַ֫רְתִּי Nehemiah 5:13; participle (בינוני) active נֹעֵר Isaiah 33:9, Isaiah 33:15; passive Nehemiah 5:13;—shake out, to shew emptiness, חָצְנִי נ׳ Nehemiah 5:13 (symbol.), נ׳ כַּפָּיו מִתְּמֹךְ בַּשֹּׁחַד Isaiah 33:15; pt. shaken out, emptied נ׳ וָרֵק Nehemiah 5:13 (that is stripped of possessions); shake off (leaves) Isaiah 33:9 (compare ‖ cl.).

past (עבר) 1st singular נִנְעַ֫רְתִּי כָאַרְבֶּה Psalms 109:23 I am shaken out like a locust (from fold of a garment; sim. of perishing helplessly); compare future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural וְיִנָּֽעֲרוּ רְשָׁעִים מִמֶּ֑נָּה Job 38:13 to seize the corners of the earth that wicked men may be shaken out of it; 1st singular אִנָּעֵר Judges 16:20 I will shake myself (free? compare Hithp. and GFM).

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular juss. יִנַעֵר Nehemiah 5:13 so may God shake utterly out every man from (מִן) his house, etc.; וַיְנַעֵר Exodus 14:27 and י׳ shook off the Egyptian into (ב) the sea, = past (עבר) נִעֵר Psalms 136:15 (also with a direct object + ב).

imperative (ציווי) fs. הִתְנַעֲרִי מֵעָפָר Isaiah 52:2 shake thyself (free), etc. (of personif. Zion).

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נַ֫עַר

n.[m.] usually interpr. as a shaking, scattering, abst. for concr. = scattered ones, only Zechariah 11:16, but text corrupt, see Wellhausen Nowack.

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נַ֫עַר²

noun (masc.) 1. boy, lad, youth. 2. retainer (not in P) (Mishnaic Hebrew as Biblical Hebrew; Phoenician נער Lidzbarski ³²⁴);—נ׳ absolute Genesis 37:2 +; construct I Samuel 2:13 +; with suffix נַעֲרוֹ Judges 19:3 +, נַעֲרָהּ II Kings 4:24; plural נְעָרִים I Samuel 25:5 +, construct נַעֲרֵי Exodus 24:5 +; with suffix נְעָרַי Nehemiah 4:10; Nehemiah 5:10, etc.;—

boy, lad, youth (c. 133 times)

of infant Exodus 2:6 (E; 3 months old), to be born Judges 13:5, Judges 13:7, Judges 13:8, Judges 13:12, just born I Samuel 4:21, not weaned I Samuel 1:22; also Isaiah 8:4, compare Isaiah 7:16 +.

of lad just weaned I Samuel 1:24 (del. 2nd נער, compare further Driver Budde HPS), v I Samuel 1:25, I Samuel 1:27, etc.

= youth: of young Ishmael Genesis 21:12, Isaac Genesis 22:5, Genesis 22:12, Joseph Genesis 37:2 (E; 17 years old,), Benj. Genesis 43:8; Genesis 44:22, sons of Samuel I Samuel 2:17, of Jesse I Samuel 16:11; נ׳ קָטֹן little lad I Samuel 20:35; I Kings 3:7; II Kings 5:14; Isaiah 11:6, נ׳ קָטָן I Kings 11:17, plural II Kings 2:23.

נ׳ with special stress on youthfulness Judges 8:20; I Samuel 17:33, I Samuel 17:42; Hosea 11:1 Isaiah 3:4 compare Ecclesiastes 10:16; Isaiah 3:5; Isaiah 10:19; Jeremiah 1:6, Jeremiah 1:7; I Chronicles 22:5; I Chronicles 29:1; II Chronicles 13:7; II Chronicles 34:3; so in phr. מִנּ׳ וְעַד זָקֵן Genesis 19:4, Joshua 6:21, Esther 3:13 compare Exodus 10:9, Deuteronomy 28:50; Isaiah 20:4; Isaiah 65:20; Jeremiah 51:22; Lamentations 2:21 Psalms 37:25; Psalms 148:12; Proverbs 22:6.

of marriageable age Genesis 34:19, warrior Absalom II Samuel 18:5, II Samuel 18:12 +, Zadok I Chronicles 12:29, etc.

servant, retainer (c. 105 times):

= personal attendant, household servant, Numbers 22:22, Judges 7:10, Judges 7:11; Judges 19:3; I Samuel 9:3 II Kings 4:12, II Kings 4:25 + often

= retainer, follower Genesis 14:24; I Samuel 25:5; II Samuel 2:14; I Kings 20:14; II Kings 19:6 = Isaiah 37:6, Job 1:15, Job 1:16, Job 1:17; Nehemiah 4:10, Nehemiah 4:17 + often—Zechariah 11:16 is corrupt, compare Wellhausen Nowack.—

נער occurs in Pent. as Kt with Qr perpet. נַעֲרָה q.see

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נַעֲרָה

noun (fem.) girl, damsel;—absolute נ׳ Judges 19:3 + 22 times, also Qr Genesis 24:14 + 20 times Gn Dt (נַעֲרָה Kt in Pent. only Deuteronomy 22:19, see below); plural absolute נְעָרוֹת I Samuel 9:11 +, construct נַעֲרוֹת Esther 4:4; with suffix נַעֲרוֹתָיו Ruth 2:22; Ruth 3:2, נַעֲרֹתֶיהָ Genesis 24:61; Exodus 2:5, etc.;—

girl, damsel; נ׳ קְטַנָּה little girl only II Kings 5:2, compare v II Kings 5:4, perhaps = young daughters Job 40:29; elsewhere = young woman I Samuel 9:11; especially as marriageable, Genesis 24:14, Genesis 24:16, Genesis 24:28, Genesis 24:55, Genesis 24:57; Genesis 34:3, Genesis 34:12 (all J), Deuteronomy 22:15^(×2), Deuteronomy 22:16, Deuteronomy 22:19, Deuteronomy 22:20, Deuteronomy 22:21, Deuteronomy 22:24, Deuteronomy 22:26^(×2), Deuteronomy 22:29; I Kings 1:3, I Kings 1:4; Esther 2:4, Esther 2:7, Esther 2:8, Esther 2:9, Esther 2:12^(×2), Esther 2:13; specif. virgin נ׳ בְּתוּלָה Judges 21:12; Deuteronomy 22:23, Deuteronomy 22:28; I Kings 1:2; Esther 2:2, Esther 2:3 (compare Deuteronomy 22:15, Deuteronomy 22:20); נ׳ מְאֹרָשָׂה betrothed girl Deuteronomy 22:25, Deuteronomy 22:27; young widow Ruth 2:6; Ruth 4:12; of a concubine Judges 19:3, Judges 19:4, Judges 19:5, Judges 19:6, Judges 19:8, Judges 19:9, a prostitute Amos 2:7.

of female attendants, maids (always plural), Genesis 24:61, Exodus 2:5, I Samuel 25:42; Proverbs 9:3; Proverbs 27:27; Proverbs 31:15; Esther 2:9^(×2); Esther 4:4, Esther 4:16; gleaner(s) Ruth 2:5, Ruth 2:8, Ruth 2:22, Ruth 2:23; Ruth 3:2.—

נער Kt in Pent. as feminine (Qr נַעֲ֯רָ is probably not original; it is not found in Sam. Pent., and fpl. נַעֲרֹתֶיהָ occurs Gn Ex; compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) §§ 2 n., 17 c.

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נְעוּרִים

noun (fem.) (Psalms 103:5; Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 145k) plural youth, early life;—absolute נ׳ Isaiah 54:6 Psalms 127:4; elsewhere with suffix נִעֻרַי I Samuel 12:2, נְעוּרי Job 31:18 +, נְעֻרֶיךָ II Samuel 19:8, נִעוּרֶיךָ Proverbs 5:18 +, נְעוּרַיִךְ Jeremiah 2:2 +, נְעוּרָ֑יִכִי Psalms 103:5, נִעוּרֵיהֶן Ezekiel 23:3, etc.;—youth, early life, especially in phr. מִנּ׳ from one’s youth up Genesis 8:21, I Samuel 17:33; I Kings 18:12; Jeremiah 3:24; Zechariah 13:5; Job 31:18 (extreme youth; ‖ מִבֶּטֶן אִמִּי); figuratively of Babylon Isaiah 47:12, Isaiah 47:15, Moab Jeremiah 48:11, Judah Jeremiah 22:21, compare Psalms 71:5, Psalms 71:17; Psalms 129:1, Psalms 129:2; מִנּ׳ וְעַד־עַתָּה Genesis 46:34, II Samuel 19:8; Ezekiel 4:14; מִנּ׳ וְעַד־הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה I Samuel 12:2; Jeremiah 3:25; as time in or during which Leviticus 22:13, Numbers 30:4, Numbers 30:17, Lamentations 3:27 Psalms 144:12, figuratively of Judah and Sam., personif., Ezekiel 23:2, Ezekiel 23:8; compare יְמֵי נ׳ (in figuratively of Isr.) Hosea 2:17 (‖ יוֹם עֲ֜לוֹתָהּ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם), Ezekiel 16:22, Ezekiel 16:43, Ezekiel 16:60; Ezekiel 23:19; other phr. are: אַלּוּף נ׳ Jeremiah 3:4 friend of my youth, compare Proverbs 2:17, עֲוֹנוֹת נ׳ Job 13:26, חַטֹּאות נ׳ Psalms 25:7, חֶסֶד נ׳ Jeremiah 2:2, חֶרְפַּת נ׳ Jeremiah 31:19, זִמַּת נ׳ Ezekiel 23:21, שְׁדֵי נ׳ v Ezekiel 23:21, בַּעַל נ׳ Joel 1:8, and especially אֵשֶׁת נ׳ Proverbs 5:18; Malachi 2:14, Malachi 2:15; Isaiah 54:6 (figuratively); בְּנֵי נ׳ Psalms 127:4 sons of (a man’s) youth; = youthful vigour Psalms 103:5.

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נְעוּרוֹת

n.[f.]plural the same;—only מִנְּעֻרֹתֵיהֶם Jeremiah 32:30 (figuratively of nation).

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נַעֲרָה²

n.pr.location on border of Ephr.:—only c. ה location, נַעֲרָ֫תָה Joshua 16:7 (Septuagint αἱ κῶμαι αὐτῶν; SeptuagintL the same + Αναραθα); appar. = נַעֲרָן, q.see below; Νοοραθ lay 5 Rom. miles from Jericho Lagarde^{Onom. 283, 11} compare Buhl^{Geogr. 181}.

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נַעֲרַי

n.pr.m. one of David’s heroes, נ׳ בֶּן־אֶזְבָּ֑י I Chronicles 11:37; Septuagint Νααραι, A Νοορα, SeptuagintL Ναραι (= פַּעֲרַי הָאַרְבִּי II Samuel 23:35).

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נְעַרְיָה

n.pr.m.

a descendant of David I Chronicles 3:22, I Chronicles 3:23, Septuagint Νωαδεια, SeptuagintL Νεαριου.

a Simeonite I Chronicles 4:42; Septuagint the same, SeptuagintL Νααριας (compare Sinait. n.pr. נערת Cook⁸²).

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נַעֲרָן

n.pr.location in E of Ephr., I Chronicles 7:28 (Septuagint Νααρναν, A Νααραν, SeptuagintL Νοαραν), appar. = [נַעֲרָה] q.see

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נֹף

see מֹף.

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נָפָה³

see I, II. נוף.

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נְפוּסִים

see נפיסים below

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נָפַח

verb breathe, blow (כור נפוח Ecclus 43:4 a furnace blown upon (heated hot); Mishnaic Hebrew נָפַח, the same, Targum נְפַח, Syriac ܢܦܰܚ; Assyrian napâḫu, inflame, nappaḫu, smith Delitzsch^{HWB 474}; Arabic (نَفَحَ and) نَفَخَ blow; Ethiopic ነፍኀ: or ነፍሐ: Dillmann⁷¹²);—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular נָֽפְחָה Jeremiah 15:9; וְנָפַ֫חְתִּי Haggai 1:9; וְנָפַחְתִּ֫י Ezekiel 22:21; future (עתיד) וַיִּפַּח Genesis 2:7; imperative (ציווי) fs. פְּחִי Ezekiel 37:9; infinitive (מקור) (לָ)פַ֫חַת Ezekiel 22:20; participle (בינוני) active נֹפֵחַ Isaiah 54:16; passive נָפוּחַ Jeremiah 1:13 Job 41:12;—breathe, blow, וַיִּפַּח בְּאַפּוֹ נִשְׁמַת חַיִּים Genesis 2:7; followed by ב also Ezekiel 37:9; Isaiah 54:16 and Haggai 1:9 blow into it (to scatter it); followed by עַל־: לָפַחַת עָלָיו אֵשׁ Ezekiel 22:20 to blow fire upon it (ore, for melting), so figuratively Ezekiel 22:21 and I will blow upon you with (ב) the fire of my wrath; נ׳ נַפְשָׁהּ Jeremiah 15:9 she hath breathed out her life (of a mother, compare Hiph.); absolute סִיר נָפוּחַ Jeremiah 1:13 a blown (that is well-heated, boiling) pot, compare דּוּד נ׳ Job 41:12 (sim.).

past (עבר) אֵשׁ לֹא נֻפָּ֑ח Job 20:26 a fire not blown (by any human breath). So perhaps also Numbers 21:30 (reading עַד־נֻפַּח אֵשׁ וגו׳ until fire was blown [hot] as far as Medeba), compare Dillmann.

past (עבר) 1st singular נֶפֶשׁ בְּעָלֶיהָ חִפָּ֑חְתִּי Job 31:39 (or if) the life of its (the land’s) owners I have caused them to breathe out; וְהִפַּחְתֶּם אוֹתוֹ Malachi 1:13 and ye have sniffed at it (in contempt).

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נֹ֫פַח

appar. n.pr.location Numbers 21:30 (= נֹבַח?) perhaps נֻפַּח (Septuagint προσεξέκαυσαν), see נפח Pu.

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נְפִישְׁסִים

see foregoing.

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נֹ֫פֶךְ

n.[m.] a precious stone which Tyre gained by trade Ezekiel 27:16 (where נ׳ doubted by Berthol, queried by Toy ^Haupt), compare Ezekiel 28:13 (symbol. of wealth and honour of king of Tyre); in high priest’s breastplate Exodus 28:18; Exodus 39:11. Perhaps = ruby or carbuncle Septuagint Joseph. ἄνθραξ, Vulgate carbunculus, compare Dillmann Ex Kau ^Ex Sgfr ^Ezek Co Berthol; Targum AV emerald.

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נָפַל

verb fall, lie (Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew, Targum נְפַל, Syriac ܢܦܰܠ; compare also Arabic نَفَلَ dedit praedam (Noldeke^{ZMG xl (1886), 725} Frä ^{153 f.}), Min. נפל remove Hom ^{Südar. Chrest. 128});—

past (עבר) נ׳ Judges 5:27 +, 3rd feminine singular נָֽפְלָה Genesis 15:12 +, etc.; future (עתיד) יִפֹּל I Samuel 14:45 +, וַיִּפֹּל Judges 4:16 +; 1st singular אֶפֹּל I Chronicles 21:13 (needless change from 1st plural נִפְּלָה ‖ II Samuel 24:14 Wellhausen Driver); 3rd masculine plural יִפְּלוּ Hosea 7:16 +, יִפֹּ֑לוּ Isaiah 3:25 +, 3rd feminine plural תִּפֹּ֫לְנָה Ezekiel 13:11; Ezekiel 30:25, etc.; imperative (ציווי) mpl. נִפְלוּ Hosea 10:8; Jeremiah 25:27; infinitive (מקור) absolute נָפוֹל Esther 6:13; construct נְפֹל Isaiah 30:25 +; לִנְפֹּל Jeremiah 51:49 +; with suffix נָפְלוֹ I Samuel 29:3, נִפְלוֹ II Samuel 1:10, נִפְלָם Jeremiah 49:21 (on these forms compare Barth ^{NB 104}); participle (בינוני) נֹפֵל Judges 4:22 +; f. נֹפֶ֫לֶת Genesis 15:12 +; plural נֹפְלִים Joshua 8:25 + (ins. also I Samuel 28:19 b Septuagint Th Wellhausen Driver Kittel Budde HPS; Klostermann כֹּרְעִים), etc.;—

fall, by accident, וְנ׳־שָׁ֫מָּה Exodus 21:33 and there fall into it (a pit) an ox or an ass, compare Deuteronomy 22:4 (בַּדֶּרֶךְ, on the way), bird עַל־פַּח Amos 3:5; subj. person, I Samuel 4:18 (from seat, מֵעַל), Deuteronomy 22:8^(×2) (from roof, מִן); often into (ב) pit (usually figuratively) Proverbs 26:27; Proverbs 28:10, also (absolute), Proverbs 22:14, Ecclesiastes 10:8 Psalms 7:16; Psalms 57:7 (בְּתוֹךְ), compare Psalms 35:8; Psalms 141:10 (net), also, c. אֶל, Isaiah 24:18 = Jeremiah 48:44; fall בְּלֵב יַמִּים Ezekiel 27:27 (of Tyrian people); absolute II Samuel 4:4 Genesis 14:10; Jeremiah 25:27; opposite קוּם Jeremiah 8:4 compare Ecclesiastes 4:10^(×2); c. אָחוֹר fall backward Genesis 49:17 (poem); c. בְּעַד through II Kings 1:2 compare (of locusts) Joel 2:8; †נ׳ עַל־חֶרֶב causing death I Samuel 31:4, I Samuel 31:5 = I Chronicles 10:4, I Chronicles 10:5; †נ׳ עַל־פָּנָיו אַ֫רְצָה I Samuel 17:49 (Goliath); subj. rei, II Kings 2:13, II Kings 2:14 (מֵעַל), II Kings 6:5 (אֶל־ into water); v II Kings 2:6 (absolute); c. עַל Leviticus 11:32, Leviticus 11:35, Leviticus 11:37, Leviticus 11:38, אֶל־ v Leviticus 11:33; absolute of tent Judges 7:13 + v Judges 7:13 (gloss, GFM, Budde); of wall Joshua 6:5, Jeremiah 51:44, figuratively Ezekiel 13:11 (del. Septuagint Peshitta Smend Co Berthol), v Ezekiel 13:12, Ezekiel 13:14, לְאֶרֶץ Ezekiel 38:20; + תַּחְתֶּיהָ that is flat Joshua 6:20; נ׳ of bricks Isaiah 9:9 (in figuratively), פֶּרֶץ Isaiah 30:13, towers v Isaiah 30:25, foundations Jeremiah 50:15; wall fell upon (על) I Kings 20:30, so of house Judges 16:30; Job 1:19, mts. Hosea 10:8; mt. also absolute Job 14:18 (compare נָבֵל), height Ezekiel 38:20; tree Ecclesiastes 11:3^(×2) (ב location), compare Isaiah 10:34 (בְ instr., in figuratively), Zechariah 11:2 (absolute); branches Ezekiel 31:12 (figuratively); a grain Amos 9:9 (אֶרֶץ = to earth); of dew II Samuel 17:12 (c. על), hailstones Ezekiel 13:11; blood (אַ֫רְצָה) I Samuel 26:20; †hair of head (ארצה) I Samuel 14:45 II Samuel 14:11; I Kings 1:52; horns of altar Amos 3:14 (לָאָרֶץ); peg Isaiah 22:25; fruit עַל־פֶּה Nahum 3:12; crown Lamentations 5:16; arm from (מִן) shoulder Job 31:22; of sword (appar.) II Samuel 20:8 (but on text see Comm.); †fire from heaven, absolute I Kings 18:38 c. מִן Job 1:16†; †hand of י׳ Ezekiel 8:1 (c. עַל־; but read וַתְּהִי Septuagint Co Berthol); spirit of י׳ Ezekiel 11:5 (עַל־); of lot (גּוֹרָל) Ezekiel 24:6; Jonah 1:7 (both c. עַל), I Chronicles 26:14 (c. לְ; ‖ יָצָא), + Esther 3:7 Septuagint Ry Wild (עַל); compare Hiph. 3; hence (of share, inheritance) fall, be allotted, to (לְ) Judges 18:1 (ב = as: בְּ I 7 c; so Numbers 34:2; Ezekiel 47:14), Psalms 16:6, absolute Joshua 17:5.—On Ezekiel 47:22 b see Hiph. 3.

Especially of violent death (c. 96 times), Judges 5:27^(×3) (+ שָׁדוּד), I Samuel 4:10; I Samuel 14:13 II Samuel 11:17; II Samuel 21:9, I Kings 22:20 = II Chronicles 18:9, etc.; + וַיָּמָת, etc., II Samuel 1:4; II Samuel 2:23^(×2); נ׳ חָלָל fall pierced (fatally) Judges 9:40 I Samuel 17:52; I Samuel 31:1 = I Chronicles 10:1 +; חַלְלֵי חֶרֶב Ezekiel 35:8; compare בְּתוֹךְ חֲלָלִים Ezekiel 32:20; נ׳ תַּחַת הֲרוּגִים Isaiah 10:4; נ׳ פְּגָרִים corpses fall Jeremiah 9:21; Numbers 14:29, v Numbers 14:32; by the sword, בַּחֶרֶב Amos 7:17; Hosea 7:16; Hosea 14:1; Isaiah 3:25 II Samuel 1:12; Ezekiel 5:12; Ezekiel 6:11; Numbers 14:3, Numbers 14:43, (+ בָּרָעָב, בַּדֶּבֶר), etc.; נ׳ לְפִי חֶרֶב †Joshua 8:24, Judges 4:16†; בְּיַד by the hand of †II Samuel 21:22; II Samuel 24:14^(×2) = I Chronicles 21:13^(×2), I Chronicles 5:10; I Chronicles 20:8†; נ׳ תַּחַת רגלי fall under my feet II Samuel 22:39 = Psalms 18:39.

figuratively = go to ruin, perish, etc. (c. 30 times); Amos 5:2; Amos 8:14 +; often ‖ כָּשַׁל Isaiah 3:8; Isaiah 8:15 (+ other words), Isaiah 31:3; Jeremiah 8:12; Jeremiah 46:12; Jeremiah 50:32 Psalms 5:11; Psalms 27:2; Proverbs 24:17; ‖ כָּרַע Psalms 20:9; figuratively of earth Isaiah 24:20 (opposite קוּם); Haman falls before (לִפְנֵי) Mordecai Esther 6:13^(×2); compare Isaiah 14:12 (absolute); peculiar to Pr are נ׳ בְּרִשְׁעָה Proverbs 11:5, בְּרַע Proverbs 13:17, בְּרָעָה Proverbs 17:20; Proverbs 28:14.

figuratively = experience calamity Micah 7:8 (opposite קוּם), Psalms 37:34; Psalms 145:14; Proverbs 24:16.

fall, of a city Jeremiah 51:8 (‖ וַתִּשָּׁבֵר).

Fall prostrate, Judges 19:26; Judges 19:27, + אַ֫רְצָה Job 1:20; fall at full length (in a faint) וַיִּפֹּל מְלֹא־קוֹמָתוֹ I Samuel 28:20; sink down Numbers 24:4, Numbers 24:16 (JE; supernat. influence); of arms of Pharaoh Ezekiel 30:25 (opposite חָזַק).

fall = prostrate oneself before (לִפְנֵי) man Genesis 50:18, II Samuel 19:19; Genesis 44:14 (J; + אַ֫רְצָה); before י׳ II Chronicles 20:18; נ׳ אֶל־פָּנָיו אַ֫רְצָה before י׳ or his representative Joshua 5:14; Joshua 7:6 (both JE); also (ארצה om.) Ezekiel 43:3; Ezekiel 44:4; before man II Samuel 14:22; more often נ׳ עַל־פָּנָיו, before man II Samuel 9:6; I Kings 18:7, I Kings 18:39; Ruth 2:10, before י׳ Genesis 17:3, Genesis 17:17 + 6 times P, Ezekiel 3:23; Ezekiel 9:8; Ezekiel 11:13; I Chronicles 21:16; Daniel 8:17; + אַ֫רְצָה, before man II Samuel 14:4, before י׳ Judges 13:20; לְאַפָּיו אַ֫רְצָה I Samuel 20:41, לְאַפֵּי דָוִד עַל־פָּנֶיהָ I Samuel 25:23, נ׳ ארצה II Samuel 1:2 (all before man); נ׳ עַל־רַגְלָיו fall at one’s feet I Samuel 25:24; II Kings 4:37, לִפְנֵי ר׳ Esther 8:3. Vid. syn. sub קדד.

fall upon (עַל) one’s neck, in embrace Genesis 33:4; Genesis 46:29 (both J), Genesis 45:14, עַל־פְּנֵי אָבִיו Genesis 50:1.

Fall upon (עַל) = attack Jeremiah 48:32 (figuratively), compare Isaiah 16:9; c. בְּ Joshua 11:7, absolute Job 1:15; נ׳ אִישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵהוּ Jeremiah 46:16.

†desert or fall away to, go over to, c. עַל־ II Kings 25:11^(×2) = Jeremiah 52:15^(×2), Jeremiah 21:9; Jeremiah 37:14; Jeremiah 39:9; I Chronicles 12:20, I Chronicles 12:21^(×2) (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:19, I Chronicles 12:20^(×2)), II Chronicles 15:9, c. אֶל־ II Kings 7:4; Jeremiah 37:13; Jeremiah 38:19, absolute I Samuel 29:3; Jeremiah 39:9.

נ׳ בְּיַד fall into the hand (power) of Judges 15:18 Lamentations 1:7:—compare also 2. and above

†Fig., of deep sleep, c. עַל Genesis 15:12, I Samuel 26:12; Job 4:13; Job 33:15; face, countenance (in displeasure) Genesis 4:5, Genesis 4:6; נ׳ לֵב אָדָם עָלָיו I Samuel 17:32 (of sinking heart); וַיִּפְּלוּ בְעֵינֵיהֶם Nehemiah 6:16 and they were cast down in their (own) eyes (compare Be-Ry, Ryle); †of calamity followed by עַל־ Isaiah 47:11; Ecclesiastes 9:12; terror, etc., followed by עַל־ Genesis 15:12, Joshua 2:9, Exodus 15:16 (song), I Samuel 11:7; Job 13:11 Psalms 55:5; Psalms 105:38; Esther 8:17; Esther 9:2, Esther 9:3; Daniel 10:7; reproach, followed by עַל־ Psalms 69:10; † = fail to be accomplished Joshua 21:45; Joshua 23:14^(×2) (all D), I Kings 8:56; II Kings 10:10 (+ אַ֫רְצָה); = not to be reckoned Numbers 6:12; †of word (דָּבָר) falling into (ב) Isr. Isaiah 9:7; † = fall out, turn out, result Ruth 3:18 (subj. דָּבָר).

Other idiomatic uses are: נ׳ לְמִשְׁכָּב take to one’s bed Exodus 21:18; settle Genesis 25:18; = alight quickly, מֵעַל הַגָּמָל Genesis 24:64, מֵעַל הַמֶּרְכָּבָה II Kings 5:21; waste away Numbers 5:21, Numbers 5:22, Numbers 5:27; = be born Isaiah 26:18 (compare Hiph. v Isaiah 26:19); = be offered, of supplication (לִפְנֵי י׳) Jeremiah 36:7; Jeremiah 37:20; Jeremiah 42:2 (compare Hiph. 6); c. מִן = be inferior to Job 12:3; Job 13:2.

= lie, of Midianites, etc. (like locusts; ב location) Judges 7:12; = lie prostrate, I Samuel 19:24; usually pt. Joshua 7:10 (JE; עַל־פָּנֶיךָ), I Samuel 5:3, I Samuel 5:4 (לְפָנָיו), Amos 9:11, עַל־הַמִּטָּה Esther 7:8; of the dead I Samuel 31:8 = I Chronicles 10:8; Deuteronomy 21:1; Ezekiel 32:27 (Co conjunction נְפִילִים [compare Genesis 6:4], see also Berthol Toy ^Haupt); נֹפֵל אַ֫רְצָה מֵת Judges 3:25 compare Judges 4:22 (om. ארצה); פְּגָרִים נ׳ אַ֫רְצָה II Chronicles 20:24; compare also Ezekiel 32:22, Ezekiel 32:23, Ezekiel 32:24 (del. in v Ezekiel 32:22 Hitzig Co Berthol, in v Ezekiel 32:23 Toy^Haupt).

past (עבר) הִפִּיל I Samuel 3:19 +; 2nd masculine singular with suffix הִפַּלְתָּם Psalms 73:18; 3rd plural הִפִּילוּ Judges 2:19 +; 1st plural הִפַּלְנוּ Nehemiah 10:35, etc.; future (עתיד) יַפִּיל Exodus 21:27, וַיַּפֵּל Genesis 2:21 +, with suffix יַפִּלֵם Psalms 140:11; 3rd masculine plural יַפִּילוּ II Kings 3:25 Psalms 22:19, יַפִּיל֑וּן Job 29:24, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. with suffix הַפִּלֶהָ Joshua 13:6; mpl. הַפִּילוּ I Samuel 14:42; infinitive (מקור) construct לְהַפִּיל I Samuel 18:25 +; לַנְפִּל Numbers 5:22 read לִנְפֹּל (Dillmann Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 78 c Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 114 a, 2 Konig ^{i. 309} Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 66, 2 R 1); participle (בינוני) מַפִּיל II Kings 6:5 + 2 times, plural מַפִּילִים Daniel 9:18;—

cause to fall, with a direct object, literally:

fell tree II Kings 3:19, II Kings 3:25 compare II Kings 6:5.

throw down wall II Samuel 20:15.

knock out tooth Exodus 21:27.

lay prostrate Deuteronomy 25:2 (for bastinado).

cast (cedar pillars) into (עַל־) fire Jeremiah 22:7; so (c. ב), wicked men Psalms 140:11.

make sword drop from (מִן) hand Ezekiel 30:22 (figuratively), compare Ezekiel 39:3.

cause stone to fall עַל Numbers 35:23, flesh Psalms 78:28 (בְּקֶרֶב), stars Daniel 8:10 (in vision).

Of causing death בַּחֶרֶב II Kings 19:7 = Isaiah 37:7, Jeremiah 19:7; Ezekiel 32:12 (all י׳ subj.), II Chronicles 32:21 (human subj.); בְּיַד I Samuel 18:25; + חֲלָלִים Ezekiel 6:4; Proverbs 7:26; also Psalms 106:26; Daniel 11:12 = overthrow, bring to destruction, Psalms 37:14; Psalms 73:18 (c. ל), Psalms 106:27.

Especially of casting lot (גּוֹרָל), Isaiah 34:17 (c. לְ for), Nehemiah 10:35 (c. עַל + inf.), Nehemiah 11:1 (c. inf.), I Chronicles 26:14 (c. לְ; so read Kittel ^Haupt compare SeptuagintVulgate Be Öt), Psalms 22:19 (c. עַל), Esther 9:24 (c. inf.); absolute Jonah 1:7^(×2) I Chronicles 24:31; I Chronicles 25:8; I Chronicles 26:13; Esther 3:7; + בְּתוֹכֵנוּ Proverbs 1:14 (that is share with us); om. גּוֹרָל I Samuel 14:42 (c. בֵּין), Job 6:27 (c. עַל); hence הִפּ׳ = assign, apportion, by lot, usually c. לְ person, Joshua 13:6; Joshua 23:4 (both D), Ezekiel 45:1; Ezekiel 47:22 a + v Ezekiel 47:22 b (read יַּפִּילוּ Vulgate Targum Hitzig-Smend Co Berthol), Ezekiel 48:29 (read בְנַחֲלָה for מנ׳, Septuagint Vulgate Hitzig-Smend, etc.), Psalms 78:55 (compare Qal 1 end; and בְּ I 7 c).

Fig., let drop, cause to fail (compare Qal 5), Judges 2:19; Esther 6:10, + אַ֫רְצָה I Samuel 3:19.

Cause deep sleep to fall (עַל־) Genesis 2:21, Proverbs 19:15 (absolute), make countenance fall, look displeased at (ב), Jeremiah 3:12, compare Job 29:24 (obj. אוֹר פָּנַי); cause terror, etc., to fall (עַל־) Jeremiah 15:8.

Other idioms are: bring to life (proposes drop young) Isaiah 26:19 (figuratively); present supplication Jeremiah 38:26; Jeremiah 42:9; Daniel 9:18, Daniel 9:20 (all c. לִפְנֵי);—on both compare Qal 6.

throw, or prostrate oneself,

infinitive (מקור) construct הִתְנַפֵּל throw himself upon (על) Genesis 43:18 (J; that is attack).

past (עבר) 1st singular הִתְנַפָּ֑לְתִּי Deuteronomy 9:25; future (עתיד) 1st singular וָאֶתְנַפַּל Deuteronomy 9:18, Deuteronomy 9:25; participle (בינוני) מִתְנַפֵּל Ezra 10:1;—prostrate oneself and lie prostrate, לִפְנֵי י׳.—Piʿlēl. וְנִפְלַּל Ezekiel 28:23, read וְנָפַל Hitzig-Smend Co Berthol.

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נֵ֫פֶל

[נֶפֶל] noun (masc.) ^{Job 3:16} miscarriage, abortion;—נֵ֫פֶל absolute Job 3:16 (Baer, Ginsb., > van d. H. נֶפֶל), נָ֑פל Ecclesiastes 6:3; construct נֵפֶל אֵשֶׁת Psalms 58:9.

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נָפַץ

verb shatter (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, dash, beat; Assyrian napâṣu, shatter, destroy Delitzsch^{HWB 475}; Targum נְפַע Pa. shatter, but also נְפַץ Pa., the same, Syriac ܢܦܰܨ shake, break, so Mand., Noldeke^{M 240, and ZMG xxxii (1878), 406});—

infinitive (מקור) absolute וְנָפוֹץ with a direct object Judges 7:19 and a shattering (= and shattered) the jars; participle (בינוני) passive עֶצֶב נִבְזֶה נָפוּץ Jeremiah 22:28 (figuratively) a vessel to be despised (and) shattered (compare Ewald Gie Rothstein^Kau); also participle (בינוני) active נֹפֵץ shatterer of the holy people Daniel 12:7 (Bev Marti^Kau, reading כִּכְלוֹת יַד נֹפֵץ).

dash to pieces: past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular וְנִפֵּץ consec. Psalms 137:9 with a direct object infants ag. (אֶל) rock; 1st singular וְנִפַּצְתִּ֫י of י׳ dashing all in pieces with (ב) Babyl. as war-club Jeremiah 51:20, Jeremiah 51:21^(×2), Jeremiah 51:22^(×3) Jeremiah 51:23^(×3); with suffix וְנִפַּצְתִּים אִיּשׁ אֶל־אָחִיו Jeremiah 13:14; future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular with suffix כִּכְלִי יוֹצֵר תְּנַפְּצֵם Psalms 2:9 (that is nations); 3rd masculine plural נִבְלֵיהֶם יְנַפֵּ֑צוּ Jeremiah 48:12 (symbol. of destroying Moab); infinitive (מקור) נַפֵּץ יַד־עַם־קֹדֶשׁ Daniel 12:7 when (they) finish shattering the hand (figuratively for power) of the holy people, but read poss. נֹפֵץ, see Qal.; = break up rafts I Kings 5:23.

participle (בינוני) fpl. מְנֻפָּצוֹת Isaiah 27:9 like chalk-stones pulverized.

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נֶ֫פֶץ

n.[m.] driving storm (literally bursting of clouds, Cheyne ^Comm.), נ׳ וָזֶרֶם וְאֶבֶן בָּרָד Isaiah 30:30 (theoph).

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נָפַץ²

verb disperse, be scattered (often taken as secondary √ from Niph. of פוץ, yet compare Mishnaic Hebrew נפץ, Qal (participle (בינוני)), Pi., scatter; Syriac ܢܦܰܨ pour out, throw down, Targum נְפַץ; Arabic نَفَضَ shake (irreg. correspondence of sibilants compare Noldeke ^l.c.), Ethiopic ነፍጸ: dissipari, aufugere Dillmann ⁷¹³);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נ׳ הָעָם מֵעָלַי I Samuel 13:11 the people were scattered from me; 3rd feminine singular נָֽפְצָה כָל־הָאָרֶץ Genesis 9:19 thence dispersed all (the population of) the earth; 3rd plural נָֽפְצוּ גּוֹיִם Isaiah 33:3 nations were scattered; participle (בינוני) passive fpl. construct נְפֻצוֹת יְהוּדָה Isaiah 11:12 the dispersed of Judah (‖ נִדְחֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל)—see I. [פּוּץ] for II Samuel 18:8.

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נֶ֫פֶשׁ

noun (fem.) ^{Gn 49:6} (so even Genesis 2:19 Numbers 31:28 I Kings 19:2 see Albr ^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 42} Siegfried-Stade) soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion (Ecclus 3:18; 4:1^(×2), 2^(×2) 13:12; 14:11);—נ׳ Genesis 1:20 +; נָ֑פֶשׁ Genesis 37:21 +; with suffix נַפְשִׁי Genesis 12:13 +; plural נְפָשׁוֹת Ezekiel 13:18 + 13 times; נְפָשֹׁת Exodus 12:4; Leviticus 27:2; construct נַפְשׁוֹת Genesis 36:6 + 4 times; נַפְשֹׁת Leviticus 21:11; נְפָשִׁים Ezekiel 13:20 (but read חָפְשִׁים, v Co Berthol Toy); with suffix נַפְשׁוֹתָם II Samuel 23:17 +; נַפְשֹׁתָם Numbers 17:3 +: —

= that which breathes, the breathing substance or being = ψυχή, anima, the soul, the inner being of man:

disting. from בָּשָׂר: מִנֶּפֶשׁ וְעַד בָּשָׂר Isaiah 10:18; הַנֶּפֶשׁ עִם הַבָּשָׂר Deuteronomy 12:23; from שְׁאֵר Proverbs 11:17; from בֶּטֶן body Psalms 31:10.

both the inner נפשׁ and the outer בשׂר are conceived as resting on a common substratum: אַךְ בְּשָׂרוֹ עָלָיו יִכְאָ֑ב וְנַפְשׁוֹ עָלָיו תֶּאֱבָֽל׃ Job 14:22 only his flesh upon him is in pain, and his soul upon him mourneth; compare Psalms 42:5, Psalms 42:7; Psalms 131:2; Job 30:16; Lamentations 3:20 [see עַל 1 d], all poetical (compare 6 c).

נ׳ departs at death and returns with life: וַיְהִי בְּצֵאת נַפְשָׁהּ כִּי מֵתָה Genesis 35:18 and it came to pass when her soul was going forth (for she died); נָֽפְחָה נַפְשָׁהּ Jeremiah 15:9 she breathed out her soul, compare I Kings 17:21, I Kings 17:22; Job 11:20; Job 31:39.

often desired that the נפשׁ may be delivered: from Sheʾôl Psalms 16:10; Psalms 30:4; Psalms 49:16; Psalms 86:13; Psalms 89:49; Proverbs 23:14; from שַׁחַת, the pit of Sheʾôl, Isaiah 38:17 Job 33:18, Job 33:22, Job 33:28, Job 33:30.

The נפשׁ becomes a living being: by God’s breathing נשׁמת חיים into the nostrils of its בשׂר; of man Genesis 2:7; by implication of animals also Genesis 2:19; so Psalms 104:29, Psalms 104:30 compare Psalms 66:9 man is נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה, a living, breathing being Genesis 2:7; elsewhere נפשׁ חיּה always of animals Genesis 1:20, Genesis 1:24, Genesis 1:30; Genesis 9:12, Genesis 9:15, Genesis 9:16 (all P), Ezekiel 47:9; so נפשׁ החיּה Genesis 1:21; Genesis 9:10 (both P), Leviticus 11:10, Leviticus 11:46; נפשׁ השׁרצת Leviticus 11:46; נפשׁ כל חי Job 12:10. נפשׁ is frequently used with the verb חיה: †וחיתה נפשׁ Genesis 12:13; Genesis 19:20 (both J), I Kings 20:32, Psalms 119:175; Jeremiah 38:17, Jeremiah 38:20; †חֵי נַפְשְׁךָ I Samuel 1:26; I Samuel 17:55; I Samuel 20:3; I Samuel 25:26 II Samuel 11:11; II Samuel 14:19; II Kings 2:2, II Kings 2:4, II Kings 2:6; II Kings 4:30 (all JE); compare †יְחַיֶּה נ׳ I Kings 20:31, Ezekiel 18:27 Psalms 22:30; also Genesis 19:19 Isaiah 55:3; Proverbs 3:22.

The נפשׁ (without חיה noun or verb) is specif.:

a living being whose life resides in the blood [so in Arabic Wellhausen^{Skizzen iii. 217} G. Jacob ^{Arabic Dicht. iv. 9 f.}] (hence sacrificial use of blood, and its prohib. in other uses; first in D), Deuteronomy 12:23, Deuteronomy 12:24 only be sure that thou eat not the blood, for the blood is the living being (הַדָּם הוּא הַנֶּפֶשׁ); and thou shalt not eat the living being with the flesh (הַנֶּפֶשׁ עִם הַבָּשָׂר); thou shalt pour it upon the earth as water; this enlarged in H, Leviticus 17:10, Leviticus 17:11, Leviticus 17:12, Leviticus 17:14 and in P Genesis 9:4, Genesis 9:5, compare Jeremiah 2:34.

a serious attack upon the life is an attack upon this inner living being II Samuel 1:9 Jeremiah 4:10; Jonah 2:6 Psalms 69:2; Psalms 124:4, Psalms 124:5; Job 27:3.

נפשׁ is used for life itself 171 times, of animals Proverbs 12:10, and of man Genesis 44:30; נפשׁ תחת נפשׁ life for life Exodus 21:23, Leviticus 24:18, I Kings 20:39, I Kings 20:42; II Kings 10:24; נפשׁנו תחתיכם Joshua 2:14; נפשׁ בנפשׁ Deuteronomy 19:21; בנפשׁ for the life of II Samuel 14:7 Jonah 1:14; שׂם נפשׁ בכף put life in one’s own hand Judges 12:3 I Samuel 19:5; I Samuel 28:21 Job 13:14; חרף נפשׁו למות Judges 5:18 risked his life to die; †בנפשׁ at the risk of life Numbers 17:3, II Samuel 23:17 = I Chronicles 11:19^(×2), I Kings 2:23 Proverbs 7:23; Lamentations 5:9; †בקּשׁ נפשׁ Exodus 4:19, I Samuel 20:1; I Samuel 22:23^(×2) I Samuel 23:15; 25:29 II Samuel 4:8; II Samuel 16:11; I Kings 19:10, I Kings 19:14; Jeremiah 4:30; Jeremiah 11:21; Jeremiah 19:7, Jeremiah 19:9; Jeremiah 21:7; Jeremiah 22:25; Jeremiah 34:20, Jeremiah 34:21; Jeremiah 38:16; Jeremiah 44:30^(×2) Jeremiah 46:26; 49:37 Psalms 35:4; Psalms 38:13; Psalms 40:15; Psalms 54:5; Psalms 63:10; Psalms 70:3; Psalms 86:14; Proverbs 29:10; †שׁאל נ׳ I Kings 3:11 = II Chronicles 1:11, I Kings 19:4 = Jonah 4:8; †הִכָּה נפשׁ smite mortally Genesis 37:21, Deuteronomy 19:6, Deuteronomy 19:11; Jeremiah 40:14, Jeremiah 40:15; †לקח נ׳ I Kings 19:4; Jonah 4:3 Psalms 31:14; Proverbs 1:19; †הִצִּיל נֶפֶשׁ מִמָּוֶת deliver life from death Joshua 2:13 Psalms 33:19; Psalms 56:14; †מלּט נפשׁ I Samuel 19:11 II Samuel 19:6^(×4) I Kings 1:12^(×2) Jeremiah 48:6; Jeremiah 51:6, Jeremiah 51:45; Ezekiel 33:5; Amos 2:14, Amos 2:15 Psalms 89:49; Psalms 116:4; †פדה נ׳ II Samuel 4:9 I Kings 1:29 Psalms 34:23; Psalms 49:16; Psalms 55:19; Psalms 71:23; †שׁמר נ׳ Psalms 25:20; Psalms 97:10; Job 2:6 Proverbs 13:3; Proverbs 16:17; Proverbs 19:16; Proverbs 22:5.

The נפשׁ as the essential of man stands for the man himself:

paraphrase for person pron. especially in poetry and ornate discourse, 70 times; (1) נַפְשִׁי = me: אל תבא נפשׁי Genesis 49:6 let me not enter (poem in J); תָּמֹת נ׳ מות ישׁרים Numbers 23:10 let me die, etc. (poem); תָּמוֹת נַפְשִׁי Judges 16:30; אמרה נפשׁי Lamentations 3:24 I say. (2) נַפְשְׁךָ = thee: לְאֻמִּים תַּחַת נַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ Isaiah 43:4 peoples instead of thee; אָֽמְרוּ לְנַפְשֵׁךְ Isaiah 51:23. (3) נַפְשׁוֹ = he: נפשׁו בטוב תלין Psalms 25:13 he will not dwell in good circumstances. (4) נַפְשֵׁנוּ = we: נַפְשֵׁנוּ כְּצִפּוֹר נִמְלְטָה מִפַּת יוֹקְשִׁים Psalms 124:7. (5) נַפְשָׁם = they, them: נַפְשָׁם בַּשְּׁבִי הָלָ֑כָה Isaiah 46:2 they are gone into captivity; אוי לנפשׁם Isaiah 3:9.

= reflexive, self, 53 times: אסר על נפשׁ bind oneself Numbers 30:3, Numbers 30:5^(×2), Numbers 30:6, Numbers 30:7, Numbers 30:8, Numbers 30:9, Numbers 30:10, Numbers 30:11, Numbers 30:12; לְעַנֹּת נ׳ Numbers 30:14 to afflict oneself. (1) נַפְשִׁי = myself: לא אדע נ׳ Job 9:21; Song of Songs 6:12 I know not myself. (2) נַפְשְׁךָ = thyself: שׁמר נ׳ Deuteronomy 4:9 keep thyself. (3) נַפְשׁוֹ = himself: אהב כנ׳ I Samuel 18:1, I Samuel 18:3; I Samuel 20:17 loved as himself. (4) נַפְשָׁהּ = herself: צדּקה נ׳ Jeremiah 3:11 justified herself. (5) נַפְשָׁם = themselves: הציל נ׳ deliver themselves Isaiah 47:14; Ezekiel 14:14, Ezekiel 14:20. (6) נַפְשְׁכֶם, נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם = yourselves: אַל־תַּשִּׁאוּ נ׳ Jeremiah 37:9 deceive not yourselves, also Jeremiah 42:20; Jeremiah 44:7; ענּה נ׳ Leviticus 16:29, Leviticus 16:31; Leviticus 23:27, Leviticus 23:32; Numbers 29:7; נשׁמרתם לנ׳ Deuteronomy 4:15; Joshua 23:11. (7) נַפְשׁוֹתֵינוּ = ourselves: על נ׳ Jeremiah 26:19 against ourselves.

= person of man, individual, 144 times, first in D²; especially in H, P, and kindred writers: (1) c. אָדָם: נ׳ אדם Leviticus 24:17 opposite נ׳ בהמה Leviticus 24:18 (both H), and so נ׳ אדם human persons Numbers 31:35, Numbers 31:40, Numbers 31:46 I Chronicles 5:21; Ezekiel 27:13. Elsewhere without אדם: נ׳ ברכה Proverbs 11:25 one who blesses; נ׳ רְמִיָּה Proverbs 19:15 idle person; נ׳ תחת נ׳ person in place of person, Job 16:4; כפּר על נ׳ Exodus 30:15, Exodus 30:16; Numbers 15:28; Numbers 31:50 (all P) Leviticus 17:11. †(2) נפשׁ = person, any one: Deuteronomy 24:7; Deuteronomy 27:25; Proverbs 28:17; Ezekiel 18:4^(×3) Ezekiel 33:6; elsewhere only H P: Leviticus 2:1; Leviticus 4:2, Leviticus 4:27; Leviticus 5:1, Leviticus 5:2, Leviticus 5:4, Leviticus 5:15, Leviticus 5:17, Leviticus 5:21; Leviticus 7:18, Leviticus 7:20, Leviticus 7:21, Leviticus 7:25, Leviticus 7:27; Leviticus 23:29, Leviticus 23:30^(×2); Numbers 5:6, Numbers 15:27, Numbers 15:30; Numbers 19:22; Numbers 31:19, Numbers 31:28; Numbers 35:11, Numbers 35:15, Numbers 35:30^(×2); Joshua 20:3, Joshua 20:9 (all P), Leviticus 17:10, Leviticus 17:12, Leviticus 17:15; Leviticus 20:6^(×2) Leviticus 22:6, Leviticus 22:11 (all H); נכרתה הנ׳ הַהִוא מן that person shall be cut off from: only in Genesis 17:14; Exodus 12:15, Exodus 12:19; Exodus 31:14; Leviticus 7:20, Leviticus 7:21, Leviticus 7:27; Numbers 9:13; Numbers 15:30, Numbers 15:31; Numbers 19:13, Numbers 19:20 (all P), Leviticus 19:8; Leviticus 22:3 (both H). †(3) נפשׁ coll. for persons, in enumerations: Deuteronomy 10:22; Joshua 10:28, Joshua 10:30, Joshua 10:32, Joshua 10:35, Joshua 10:37^(×2), Joshua 10:39; Joshua 11:11 (all D²) Jeremiah 43:6; Jeremiah 52:29, Jeremiah 52:30^(×2); Ezekiel 22:25; elsewhere only Genesis 12:5; Genesis 46:15, Genesis 46:18, Genesis 46:22, Genesis 46:25, Genesis 46:26^(×2), Genesis 46:27^(×2); Exodus 1:5^(×2); Exodus 12:16; Numbers 31:35, Numbers 31:40 (all P). †(4) נְפָשׁוֹת persons Genesis 36:6 Exodus 12:4; Exodus 16:16 Numbers 19:18 (all P), Leviticus 18:29; Leviticus 20:25; Leviticus 27:2 (all H), II Kings 12:5; Proverbs 11:30; Proverbs 14:25; Ezekiel 13:18^(×3); Ezekiel 13:19^(×2); Ezekiel 13:20^(×2); Ezekiel 17:17; Ezekiel 18:4; Ezekiel 22:27 (נפשׁים Ezekiel 13:20 see above). †(5) נפשׁ = deceased person, sometimes c. מֵת, נֶפֶשׁ מֵת Numbers 6:6, נַפְשֹׁת מֵת (Septuagint Peshitta נֶפֶשׁ) Leviticus 21:11; usually without מֵת, נפשׁ (ה)אדם Numbers 9:6, Numbers 9:7; Numbers 19:11, Numbers 19:13; or simply נפשׁ, Leviticus 19:28; Leviticus 21:1; Leviticus 22:4 (all H) Numbers 5:2; Numbers 6:11; Numbers 9:10 (all P); elsewhere only Haggai 2:13.

נפשׁ = seat of the appetites, in all periods (46 times)—

hunger: נ׳ רְעֵבָה hungry soul Psalms 107:9; Proverbs 27:7; with noun or verb of שׂבע satisfy Isaiah 56:11; Isaiah 58:10; Jeremiah 50:19; Ezekiel 7:19 Psalms 63:6; Psalms 107:9; Proverbs 13:25; Proverbs 27:7; מתוק לנ׳ Proverbs 16:24 sweet to the taste.

thirst: נ׳ עֲיֵפָה weary soul Proverbs 25:25; Jeremiah 31:25; נ׳ כארץ עיפה Psalms 143:6; צמאה נ׳ Psalms 42:3; Psalms 63:2.

appetite in general: אֹיְבַי בנ׳ יַקִּיפוּ עָלָיו Psalms 17:9 my enemies compass me about with greed; הִרְחִיבָה שְׁאוֹל נַפְשָׁהּ וּפָֽעֲרָה פִיהָ Isaiah 5:14 Sheʾôl enlarged her appetite, etc., compare Habakkuk 2:5; Proverbs 23:2 בַּעַל נֶפֶשׁ; Ec uses נפשׁ only in the sense of a, b, c; the נפשׁ craves, lacks, and is filled with good things: Ecclesiastes 2:24; Ecclesiastes 4:8; Ecclesiastes 6:2, Ecclesiastes 6:3, Ecclesiastes 6:7, Ecclesiastes 6:9; Ecclesiastes 7:28.

נ׳ = seat of emotions and passions (151 times)—

desire: †אִוְּתָה נ׳ soul desires Deuteronomy 12:20; Deuteronomy 14:26 I Samuel 2:16 II Samuel 3:21; I Kings 11:37; Job 23:13 Proverbs 13:4; Proverbs 21:10; Micah 7:1; תַּאֲוַת נ׳ Psalms 10:3; Isaiah 26:8; †אַוַּת נ׳ Deuteronomy 12:15, Deuteronomy 12:20, Deuteronomy 12:21; Deuteronomy 18:6 I Samuel 23:20; Jeremiah 2:24; so also לנפשׁ according to one’s desire Deuteronomy 21:14 Psalms 78:18; Jeremiah 34:16; כנפשׁ Deuteronomy 23:25; האח נפשׁנו ah, our desire Psalms 35:25; בנפשׁ at one’s desire Psalms 105:22; Ezekiel 16:27; נ׳ יָֽצְאָה בְדַבְּרוֹ Song of Songs 5:6; †נשׂא נ׳ lift up the soul, desire Deuteronomy 24:15 II Samuel 14:14 (read אליהם, not אלהים), Psalms 24:4; Psalms 25:1; Psalms 86:4; Psalms 143:8; Proverbs 19:8; Jeremiah 22:27; Jeremiah 44:14; Hosea 4:8.

abhorrence, loathing: געלה נ׳ soul abhorreth Leviticus 26:11, Leviticus 26:15, Leviticus 26:30, Leviticus 26:43 Jeremiah 14:19; וגם נ׳ בחלה בי Zechariah 11:8 and their soul also fell a loathing against me.

sorrow and distress: †מרי נ׳ bitter, gloomy, discontented of soul Judges 18:25 II Samuel 17:8; Job 3:20; Proverbs 31:6; †מר נ׳ I Samuel 22:2 compare Job 7:11; Job 10:1; Isaiah 38:15; Ezekiel 27:31; עָֽגְמָה נ׳ Job 30:25 grieved; אגמי נ׳ sad of soul Isaiah 19:10; תבכה נ׳ my soul shall weep Jeremiah 13:17; נ׳ ירעה his soul trembleth Isaiah 15:4; צרת נ׳ distress of soul Genesis 42:21.

joy: נ׳ תגיל my soul rejoiceth Psalms 35:9; Isaiah 61:10; שׂמּח נ׳ rejoice the soul Psalms 86:4; also Psalms 94:19; Psalms 138:3; Proverbs 29:17.

love: אהבה נ׳ my soul loveth Song of Songs 1:7; Song of Songs 3:1, Song of Songs 3:2, Song of Songs 3:3, Song of Songs 3:4; יְדִדוּת נ׳ darling of my soul Jeremiah 12:7; דבקה נ׳ ב׳ his soul clave unto Genesis 34:3, c. אחרי Psalms 63:9; חשׁקה נ׳ ב׳ soul is attached to Genesis 34:8.

alienation, hatred, revenge: †תֵּקַע נ׳ מן the soul is alienated from Jeremiah 6:8; Ezekiel 23:17, Ezekiel 23:18; נקעה נ׳ מן Ezekiel 23:18, Ezekiel 23:22, Ezekiel 23:28; שְׂנֻאי נ׳ hated of soul II Samuel 5:8 (Qr); שׂנאה נ׳ Psalms 11:5 Isaiah 1:14.

other emotions and feelings: השׁיב נ׳ bring back soul Lamentations 1:11, Lamentations 1:19 (that is revive, compare c. שׁוּב I Kings 17:21), hence figuratively refresh, cheer, v I Kings 17:16 Psalms 19:8 Proverbs 25:13; Ruth 4:15; שׁובב נ׳ Psalms 23:3; מַחְמַל נ׳ your souls’ compassion Ezekiel 24:21; קצרה נ׳ soul was impatient Numbers 21:4, Judges 10:16; Judges 16:16; Zechariah 11:8; כי אאריך נ׳ that I should prolong my patience Job 6:11; ידעתם את־נ׳ הגר ye know the feeling of the stranger Exodus 23:9 (R^D).

נפשׁ is used occasionally for mental acts + לבב (see 10); poss. also alone, owing to unconscious assimilation by late writers; but most, if not all, exx. may be otherwise explained: נפשׁי ידעת מאד Psalms 139:14 my soul knoweth well (or I know well; compare 4 a); בלא דעת נ׳ לא טוב Proverbs 19:2 that the soul be without knowledge is not good (but RV^m desire without knowledge, compare 6 a); דעה חכמה לנ׳ Proverbs 24:14 know wisdom for thy soul (or according to thy desire, compare 6 a); אל תדמי בנ׳ Esther 4:13 think not in thy soul (or in thyself, compare 4 b); כמו שׁער בג׳ Proverbs 23:7 as he reckoneth in his soul (but RV in himself, compare 4 b); מה תאמר נ׳ I Samuel 20:4 (but AV RV following Septuagint ἐπιθυμεῖ = תְּאַוֶּה; see 6 a).

נפשׁ for acts of the will is doubtful: אם ישׁ נפשׁכם (את) if it is your purpose Genesis 23:8 II Kings 9:15 (or if it is your desire, 6 a); בחרה נ׳ my soul chooseth Job 7:15; מאנה נ׳ my soul refuseth Job 6:7 Psalms 77:3; נ׳ חפצה their soul delighteth in Isaiah 66:3; נ׳ רצתה my soul delighteth in Isaiah 42:1; (all perhaps emotional, 6 b, d, g).

נפשׁ = character is still more doubtful: לֹא־יָֽשְׁרָה נ׳ בּוֹ Habakkuk 2:4 his soul is not right in him (but Septuagint οὐκ εὐδοκεῖ ἡ ψυχή μου ἐν αὐτῷ [εὐδοκεῖ = רצתה], see 6); נַפְשִׁי לֹא מְטֻמָּאָה Ezekiel 4:14 my soul hath not (or I have not, 4 a) been polluted.

נ׳ in D, when used with לבב, is assim. to it, and shares with it the meanings of 7, 8, 9; and so in later writers influenced by D (unless we may think that ל׳ is used of intellect, while נ׳ is used of the feelings): thus, בכל לבב ובכל נפשׁ (see לבב): c. דרשׁ Deuteronomy 4:29; II Chronicles 15:12; עשׂה Deuteronomy 26:16; אהב Deuteronomy 6:5; Deuteronomy 13:4; Deuteronomy 30:6; ידע Joshua 23:14; עבד Deuteronomy 10:12; Deuteronomy 11:13; Joshua 22:5; שׁמע בקלו Deuteronomy 30:2; שׁוב אל Deuteronomy 30:10 I Kings 8:48 = II Chronicles 6:38, II Kings 23:25; שׁמר מצות II Kings 23:3 = II Chronicles 34:31; הלך לפני I Kings 2:4; and Deuteronomy 11:18; I Samuel 2:35 I Chronicles 22:19; I Chronicles 28:9 Jeremiah 32:41 Psalms 13:3 Proverbs 2:10; Proverbs 24:12.

—In three cases is generally found closer approach to supposed radical meaning breath:—

שׁמן וקטרת ישׂמח לב ומתק רעהו מעצת נפשׁ Proverbs 27:9. Gesenius (after Döderlein) renders מעצת נ׳ more than odorous trees, so later edds., even Buhl; but Vulgate De Siegfried-Stade transp. וּמֶתֶק נ׳ מֵעֲצַת רֵעֵהוּ. Septuagint Hitzig Bi ומתקרעה = the soul is rent asunder by cares. In any case נפשׁ is ‖ לב, compare 10.

נַפְשׁוֹ גֶּחָלִים תְּלַהֵט Job 41:13 his breath kindleth coals (of the crocodile). The piece is one of the latest in the book; primitive meaning hardly in such a passage; context favours ref. to passion or fury; perhaps sub 6 f, his passion or fury kindleth coals.

בָּתֵּי הַנֶּפֶשׁ Isaiah 3:20 perfume boxes; meaning evident from context; but not necessarily scent (breath)-boxes; may be 6 a, boxes of desire, or 5, boxes exciting the sense of smell; = smelling boxes or bottles. Noldeke sufficient evid. in Biblical Hebrew, therefore, for meaning breath, odour.—See, for complete study of נֶפֶשׁ (all passages), Br^{JBL 1897, 17 ff.}

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נָפִישׁ

n.pr.m. son of Ishmael, according to Genesis 25:15, = I Chronicles 1:31 (Septuagint Ναφες, SeptuagintL Ναφεις); = (Arab) tribe I Chronicles 5:19 (Septuagint Ναφεισαδαιων, A SeptuagintL Ναφισαιων).

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נֹ֫פֶת

noun (masc.) ^{Proverbs 24:13} flowing honey, honey from the comb (Phoenician נפת CIS ^{i. 166, 8 b});—נ׳ absolute Proverbs 5:3 + 3 times, construct Psalms 19:11;—sweet Proverbs 24:13 (‖ דְּבַשׁ), compare Proverbs 27:7; figuratively of sweet words Proverbs 5:3, and perhaps Song of Songs 4:11 (Budde of kisses; ‖ דְּבַשׁ, חָלָב); in full נ׳ צוּפִים Psalms 19:11 honey of (the) combs (comp. with מִשְׁפְּטֵי י׳; ‖ דְּבַשׁ).

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נֶפְתּוֹחַ

see פתח.

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נַפְתּוּלִים

see פתל.

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נַפְתֻּחִים

n.pr.location Genesis 10:13 = I Chronicles 1:11 (Septuagint Νεφθαλ(ι)ειμ, but SeptuagintL in Ch Νεφθωσειμ); = pʾtʾmḥï, the northern land, that is Lower Egypt, according to Brugsch ^{Hierogl. WB. Suppl. 633}, and especially Erman^{journal ZAW x (1890), 118, 119} reading פתמחים. Other conjunction see Dillmann Gn.

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נֵץ

see I. נצץ.

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נֵץ²

see II. נצץ.

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נָצָא

verb = נָצָה = fly, direct object Gesenius' Thesaurus Gf al.;—only

infinitive (מקור) absolute (si vera l.) נָצֹא תֵצֵא Jeremiah 48:9, but improb.; Targum Symm יָצֹא compare Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 245 h Gie; > Schwally^{journal ZAW viii (1888), 197} נָצֹה תִּצֶּה, √ III. נצה.

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נָצַב

verbNiph. take one’s stand, stand (Mishnaic Hebrew נִצָּב the same (rare), הַצָּבָה n. taking a stand; Phoenician (Pun.) נצב, מנצבת, מצבת monument Lidzbarski ³²⁵; Nab. Palmyrene נצב set up; Zinj. the same, statue, all Lidzbarski ³²⁵ Cook ⁸²; Palmyrene מצבא image, Nab. נצב the same, DHM^{VOJ viii (1984), 12}, compare Lidzbarski^l.c.; perhaps Assyrian naṣâbu TelAm., Winckler^{TA 24b}; Aramaic נְצַב, ܢܨܰܒ Arabic نَصَبَ set up, erect, نَصْبٌ sign, mark, way-mark; Sab. נצב cippus CIS ^{iv. 23} Sab Denkm⁹⁵ DHM^{ZMG xxx (1876), 115f.} Derenb^{JAs, 1883, Aug.–Sept. 244}; Min. מצב statue (= מנצב) Hom^{Südar. Chrest. 128});—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular נִצְּבָה Psalms 45:10, נִצָּ֑בָה Genesis 37:7; Proverbs 8:2; 2nd masculine singular וְנִצַּבְתָּ֫ Exodus 7:15 + 2 times; 3rd plural נִצְּבוּ Exodus 15:8, וְנִצְּבוּ consec. Exodus 33:8; participle (בינוני) נִצָּב Genesis 24:13 +, f. נִצָּבָה Zechariah 11:16, נִצֶּ֫בֶת I Samuel 1:26; mpl. נִצָּבִים Exodus 5:20 +; fpl. נִצָּבוֹת I Samuel 4:20;—

station oneself, take one’s stand, for definite purpose, c. עַל location (by, on) Genesis 24:13, Genesis 24:43; Genesis 28:13; Exodus 7:15; Exodus 33:21; Exodus 34:2 (all J), Exodus 17:9; Exodus 18:14, Numbers 23:6, Numbers 23:17; Amos 7:7; Amos 9:1; Proverbs 8:2; of י׳ Isaiah 3:13 taketh his stand to plead; c. ב location Exodus 5:20 Psalms 82:1 (of God), compare Numbers 22:23, Numbers 22:31, Numbers 22:34; נ׳ עִמְּכָה I Samuel 1:26; לִפְנֵי י׳ Deuteronomy 29:9; c. פֶּתַח Numbers 16:27, Judges 18:16, Judges 18:17; absolute Lamentations 2:4 (on text see Löhr).

stand = be stationed (by appointment, or in fulfilment of duty), c. עַל person (sitting or lying) Genesis 45:1; I Samuel 4:20; I Samuel 22:6, I Samuel 22:7, I Samuel 22:17; נ׳ עַל־מִשְׁמַרְתִּי Isaiah 21:8 stand at my watchman’s post (‖ עֹמֵד); לִימִינְךָ Psalms 45:10; absolute II Samuel 13:31.

take an upright position, stand, יָקוּמוּ וְנ׳ Exodus 33:8 (E; + פֶּתַח location), compare Genesis 37:7 (E; of sheaf); of waters, נ׳ כְמוֹ־נֵד Exodus 15:8 (song).

be stationed = appointed over (על), I Samuel 22:9; Ruth 2:5, Ruth 2:6; with Samuel presiding over (על) them I Samuel 19:20.

participle (בינוני) as noun deputy, prefect (as appointed, deputed), only I Kings 4:5, I Kings 4:7; I Kings 5:7, I Kings 5:30; I Kings 9:23 II Chronicles 8:10 (all of Sol.’s officers; so also II Chronicles 8:10 Qr, < Kt נציב), I Kings 22:48 (of Edom).

stand firm, figuratively כָּל־אָדָם נִצָּב Psalms 39:6 every man, (even) the firm-standing, is wholly vanity (but expression strange, and text doubtful); נ׳ בַּשָּׁמָ֑יִם Psalms 119:89 (of י׳’s word); that which stands firm Zechariah 11:16 (Isr. under figuratively of sheep), but doubtful; Wellhausen GASm leave untranslated; Nowack proposes הַנַּחֲלָה the diseased.

past (עבר) הִצִּיב I Kings 16:34; 2nd masculine singular הִצַּבְתָּ Genesis 21:29 Psalms 74:17; 3rd masculine plural הִצִּ֫יבוּ Jeremiah 5:26; future (עתיד) יַצִּיב Joshua 6:26, יַצֵּב Deuteronomy 32:8 (doubtful; poet. for וַיּ׳ Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 233a Dillmann; rhythmical shortening Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 109 k; read יַצִּב Driver Davidson^{Synt. p. 94}), וַיַּצֶּב־ II Samuel 18:18; with suffix וַיַּצִּיבֵ֫נוּ Lamentations 3:12; imperative (ציווי) fs. הַצִּ֫יבִי Jeremiah 31:21; infinitive (מקור) construct הַצִּיב I Samuel 13:21; I Chronicles 18:3; participle (בינוני) מַצִּיב I Samuel 15:12 (but read הִצִּיב Septuagint Wellhausen Driver Budde Kittel HPS);—

station, set: with a direct object, ewes Genesis 21:28, Genesis 21:29 (E; לְבַד apart), trap Jeremiah 5:26; figuratively set me before thee (לְפָנֶיךָ) Psalms 41:13; set me as a target Lamentations 3:12.

set up, erect pillar (מַצֵּבָה) Genesis 35:14, Genesis 35:20, II Samuel 18:18, + אֲשֵׁרִים II Kings 17:10; altar Genesis 33:20, stone-heap II Samuel 18:17; monument I Samuel 15:12; I Chronicles 18:3; Jeremiah 31:21; city-gates (c. ב), Joshua 6:26 = I Kings 16:34.

cause to stand erect, waters, כְּמוֹ־נֵד Psalms 78:13 (compare Qal Exodus 15:8).

fix, establish boundary (subj. י׳) Deuteronomy 32:8 Psalms 74:17; Proverbs 15:25; dominion (יַד) I Chronicles 18:3 (of king).—I Samuel 13:21 is doubtful; AV sharpen, RV set; Kittel ‘gerade machen’; Klostermann נִצַּב noun, see below; compare HPS.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הֻצַּב Nahum 2:8 it is fixed, determined (Kl Or), but very doubtful; perhaps n.pr., or epith., of queen, compare Wellhausen Nowack GASm, q.see; participle (בינוני) סֻלָּם מֻצָּב אַ֫רְצָה Genesis 28:12 a ladder set up on the earth; אֵלוֹן מ׳ Judges 9:6, read אֵלוֹן הַמַּצֵּבָה GFM, see below—Cf. also יצב Hithp.

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נִצָּב

noun (masc.)

haft, hilt of sword Judges 3:22 (Arabic نِصَابٌ handle of knife, ‘in wh. the سِيلَان [that is the shank] is set’ Lane²⁸⁰⁰).

prefect, deputy, see נצב Niph.

.

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נְצִיב

noun (masc.) pillar, prefect, also appar. garrison, post (Ecclus 46:18 ויכנע נציבי צר and he subdued garrisons, posts, of the foe);—נ׳ absolute I Kings 4:19; construct I Samuel 13:3 + 3 times; plural נְצִיבִים II Samuel 8:6 + 2 times + II Chronicles 8:10 Kt, נְצִבִים II Samuel 8:14^(×2); construct נְצִבֵי I Samuel 10:5 Masoretic Text, but read נְצִיב Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate Th Wellhausen Driver Klostermann Kittel Budde HPS;—

pillar, נ׳ מֶלַח Genesis 19:26.

prefect, deputy I Kings 4:19 (on text compare Klostermann Benz), so perhaps also I Samuel 10:5 (HPS; pillar Septuagint Th Driver Klostermann Kittel), and appar. I Samuel 13:3, I Samuel 13:4 (> al. pillar); this meaning serves also for II Samuel 8:6, II Samuel 8:14^(×2) (so Ki; Th HPS garrison) I Chronicles 11:16; I Chronicles 18:13; II Chronicles 8:10 (where read Kt), II Chronicles 17:2 (Kau garrison in II Chronicles 11:16; II Chronicles 17:2; Ecclus 46:18—see above—would favour this meaning in other passages).

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נְצִיב²

n.pr.location in Judah on border of Philist. Joshua 15:43; Septuagint Νασειβ, ASeptuagintL Νεσ(ε)ιβ; see also Lagarde^{BN 95 Anm.}; mod. Beit Naṣîb, c. 8 m. NW. of Hebron Buhl^{Geogr. 193}.

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נוֹצָה²

noun (fem.) plumage (compare poss. Arabic نَاصِيَةٌ hair over forehead, fore-lock of horse, Lane³⁰³³; see also Assyrian na-aṣ kappe);—of eagle מָלֵא הַנּ׳ Ezekiel 17:3 (figuratively of Nebuch.; + כָּנָף, אֵבֶר); also רַב נ׳ v Ezekiel 17:7 (figuratively of kg. of Egypt; + כָּנָף); of ostrich נֹצָה Job 39:13 (‖ כנף, + אֶבְרָה; compare Dillmann Budde). Here belongs probably also בְּנֹצָתָהּ Leviticus 1:16, read בְּנֹצָתֹה (Driver-Wh^Haupt), בנצתו (Sam), or וְ(אֶת־) נֹצָתוֹ (compare Dillmann) its feathers, of bird for burnt-offering; Septuagint σὺν τοῖς πτεροῖς, Vulgate et plumas; so AV RVm; > with its filth (that is of the crop) Targum Onkelos Peshitta Gesenius Kn Ke Kal Ewald RV, meaning without evidence elsewhere.

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נִצָּה

see נצץ.

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נֵ֫צַח

noun (masc.) Lamentations 3:18 eminence, enduring, everlastingness, perpetuity (לנצח Ecclus 40:14 as 4 below);—נֵ֫צַח I Samuel 15:29 + 3 times; נֶ֫צַח Amos 1:11 + 36 times; with suffix נִצְחִי Lamentations 3:18; plural נְצָחִים Isaiah 34:10;—

eminence: נצח ישׂראל the Eminence of Israel (י׳) I Samuel 15:29 (Driver^{Sam 98} glory of Israel); attribute of God I Chronicles 29:11 (‖ הוד, תפארת et al.).

enduring of life, and so life itself as enduring: אָבַד נִצְחִי Lamentations 3:18 my endurance doth vanish (De sap of life, see ii. נ׳).

endurance in time: משׁאות נ׳ Psalms 74:3 perpetual desolations; לנ׳ יְדַבֵּר Proverbs 21:28 speaketh continually (?; see Toy); עד־נ׳ Psalms 49:20 unto the end (a long duration), so Job 34:36.

everlastingness, ever, usually לָנֶצַח for ever, II Samuel 2:26; Isaiah 13:20; Isaiah 25:8; Isaiah 28:28; Isaiah 33:20; Isaiah 57:16 Jeremiah 3:5; Jeremiah 50:39 Amos 8:7; Habakkuk 1:4 Psalms 9:7, Psalms 9:19; Psalms 10:11; Psalms 44:24; Psalms 49:10; Psalms 52:7; Psalms 68:17; Psalms 74:1, Psalms 74:10, Psalms 74:19; Psalms 77:9; Psalms 79:5; Psalms 89:47; Psalms 103:9 Job 4:20; Job 14:20; Job 20:7; Job 23:7; Job 36:7 Lamentations 5:20; לנצח נצחים (compare עולם עולמים) Isaiah 34:10; seldom abbr. נֶצַח Amos 1:11 (לָנ׳ Septuagint Wellhausen Nowack GASm), Jeremiah 15:18 Psalms 13:2; Psalms 16:11.

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נֵ֫צַח²

noun (masc.) juice of grapes, figuratively of blood, gore;—only with suffix נִצְחָם Isaiah 63:3, Isaiah 63:6.

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נְצִיחַ

n.pr.m. head of a family of Nethinim Ezra 2:54 (Septuagint Νασους, A Νεθιε) = Nehemiah 7:55 Septuagint Ασεια, A Νεισεια; SeptuagintL Νεσια in both.

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נָצַל

verb not in Qal; Pi. strip, plunder; Niph. deliver oneself, be delivered; Hiph. snatch away, deliver (Ecclus Hiph. participle (בינוני) מצלת delivering 40:24b (Levi conjunction יציל 40:24a); Mishnaic Hebrew Hiph. = Biblical Hebrew; Biblical Aramaic Haph. the same; Syriac ܢܨܰܠ pour out; Arabic نَصَلَ intrans. tincturam exuit emisitque barba, ex cuspide excidit sagitta, etc., Kam. Freytag; Ethiopic iii. ተነጽለ evulsum vel abruptum excidere e suo loco, Dillmann⁶⁹⁸);—

past (עבר) 1st plural נִצַּלְנוּ Jeremiah 7:10; future (עתיד) יִנָּצֵל Deuteronomy 23:16, + 1st singular אִנָּֽצְלָה Psalms 69:15, + 8 times future (עתיד); infinitive (מקור) הִנָּצֵל Isaiah 20:6 + 3 times—

reflex. tear oneself away, deliver oneself: absolute Proverbs 6:3; Ezekiel 14:16, Ezekiel 14:18; II Kings 19:11 = Isaiah 37:11; c. מִיַּד Proverbs 6:5; מֵעִם … אֶל escape from—unto Deuteronomy 23:16.

passive, be torn out or away מִפִּי הָאֲרִי Amos 3:12; be delivered, absolute Genesis 32:31 Jeremiah 7:10 Psalms 33:16 Micah 4:10; מִפְּנֵי Isaiah 20:6; מִכַּף Habakkuk 2:9; מִן Psalms 69:15.

past (עבר) 2nd masculine plural נִצַּלְתֶּם Exodus 3:22; future (עתיד) יְנַצֵּל Ezekiel 14:14 + 2 times;—

strip off, spoil, absolute II Chronicles 20:25; with a direct object person Exodus 3:22; Exodus 12:36.

deliver, with a direct object נַפְשָׁם Ezekiel 14:14.

past (עבר) הִצִּיל Exodus 12:27; 2nd masculine singular הִצַּ֫לֳתָּ Exodus 5:23 + 50 times past (עבר); future (עתיד) יַצִּיל II Kings 17:39; יַצֵּל Genesis 31:9; + 63 times future (עתיד); imperative (ציווי) הַצֵּל Proverbs 24:11; הַצִּ֫ילָה Psalms 22:21; with suffix הַצִּילֵנִי Genesis 32:12 + 24 times imperative (ציווי); infinitive (מקור) absolute הַצֵּל II Kings 18:30 + 4 times; construct הַצִּיל Genesis 37:22 + 23 times infinitive (מקור); participle (בינוני) מַצִּיל Deuteronomy 32:39 + 16 times participle (בינוני)—

take away, snatch away, for example property Genesis 31:9, Genesis 31:16 Hosea 2:11, prey from the mouth of animals I Samuel 17:35; Amos 3:12; Ezekiel 34:10; words of י׳ from the mouth Psalms 119:43; וְאֵין מַצִּיל בֵּינֵיהֶם II Samuel 14:6 and there was none to tear them apart (two fighting); וְהִצִּיל עֵינֵנוּ II Samuel 20:6 and take away our eye (elude our sight, Gesenius; Ewald Wellhausen after Septuagint cast shadow over our eye, denom. from צֵל; Böttcher Th after Peshitta tear away our eye, harm us irretrievably, see Driver I Samuel 26:2; HPS escape from us [מִמֶּנּוּ, as SeptuagintL], compare Budde [וְנִצַּל]).

rescue, recover, for example cities Judges 11:26; wives and property I Samuel 30:8, I Samuel 30:18, I Samuel 30:22.

deliver from:

enemies and troubles, absolute I Samuel 12:21; Proverbs 19:19; Isaiah 50:2; Jeremiah 39:17; †אֵין מַצִּיל Judges 18:28; Job 5:4; Job 10:7 Psalms 7:3; Psalms 50:22; Psalms 71:11; Isaiah 5:29; Isaiah 42:22; Isaiah 43:13; Daniel 8:4, Daniel 8:7 Hosea 5:14; Micah 5:7; with a direct object Exodus 18:8 Exodus 5:23; Exodus 12:27, Deuteronomy 23:15 + 39 times; †הַצִּיל נַפְשוֹ Isaiah 44:20; Isaiah 47:14; Ezekiel 3:19, Ezekiel 3:21; Ezekiel 14:20; Ezekiel 33:19; c. מִן from Micah 5:6 + 25 times; מִיַּד from the hand or power of Genesis 32:12; Exodus 2:19 + 57 times; מִתַּחַת יַד Exodus 18:10; †מִכַּף II Samuel 14:16; II Samuel 19:10; II Samuel 22:1 = Psalms 18:1, II Kings 20:6 = Isaiah 38:6, II Chronicles 32:11 Ezra 8:31.

from death Proverbs 11:6; Proverbs 12:6; מִמּוֹת Joshua 2:13, Psalms 33:19; Psalms 56:14; Proverbs 10:2 = Proverbs 11:4; מִשְּׁאוֹל Psalms 86:13 Proverbs 23:14.

deliver from sin and guilt (in late writings), מִכָּל־פְּשָׁעַי Psalms 39:9 from all my transgressions; מִדָּמִים Psalms 51:16 from bloodguiltiness; הַצִּילֵנוּ וְכַפֵּר עַל־חַטֹּאתֵינוּ Psalms 79:9 deliver us and cover over all our sins; probably also כְּאִמְרָֽתְךָ הַצִּילֵנִי Psalms 119:170.

participle (בינוני) מֻצָּל;—כְּאוּד מֻצָּל מִשְּׂרֵפָה Amos 4:11 as a brand plucked out of the burning; מֵאֵשׁ Zechariah 3:2 from the fire.

וַיִּתְנַצְּלוּ אֶת־עֶדְיָם Exodus 33:6 and they stripped themselves of their ornaments.

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נָצַץ

verb shine, sparkle (Mishnaic Hebrew נִצְנֵץ; akin to Arabic نَاضَ sparkle, flash, Targum נְעָא);—

participle (בינוני) וְנֹצְצִים כְּעֵין נְחשֶׁת Ezekiel 1:7 (of cherubim);—Perles^Anal.45 proposes נוֹצִיצָם their plumage (נ׳ ‖ form of נוֹצָה), compare Ewald.

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נֵץ³

noun (masc.) only with suffix נִצָּהּ Genesis 40:10, see following

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נִצָּה²

noun (fem.) blossom (perhaps from above √, blossom, flower, as shining amid leaves);—absolute נ׳ of vine Isaiah 18:5 (‖ פֶּרַח; = berry-cluster according to Dillmann Kittel Cheyne^Haupt. compare J. Derenb^{journal ZAW v (1885), 301 f.; vi (1886). 98 f.}); with suffix נִצָּתוֹ Job 15:33 (of olive); read also נִצָּתָהּ Genesis 40:10 (of vine) for Masoretic Text נִצָּהּ, compare Dillmann Holz.

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נָצַץ²

verb denom. bloom, blossom (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Jewish-Aramaic נְצַץ the same);—

past (עבר) 3rd plural הֵנֵ֫צוּ Song of Songs 6:11 (no dagh., see Konig^{i. 381} Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67, 8, R. 11) the pomegranates have put forth blossoms, so Song of Songs 7:13; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָנֵאץ Ecclesiastes 12:5 the almond-tree wears blossoms.

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נֵץ⁴

noun (masc.) a bird of prey, generic name, incl. hawk and falcon (Tristr^NHB; accipiter Bo^{Hieroz. ii. 266 ff.; ed. Rosenm iii. 5 ff.} compare Nowack^{Arch. i. 116});—unclean bird, Leviticus 11:16, Deuteronomy 14:15 (varieties, לְמִינֵהוּ); bird of passage Job 39:26.

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נָצַר

verb watch, guard, keep (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, observe; Assyrian naṣâru, watch over, protect; Old Aramaic נצר protect Lidzbarski ³²⁵ Cook ⁸³; Palmyrene in n.pr. Vog ^{150, 4} Cook ¹²⁴; Aramaic נְטַר, ܢܛܰܪ (compare Wetzstein in De Job (2) on Job 27:18); Arabic نَظَرَ look at, consider, examine (نَاطُورٌ, overseer is Aramaic loan-word Frä ¹³⁸); Sab. להנצרהמו to aid them Hal ^{Rev. Sém. iv (1896), 71}; Ethiopic ነጸረ spectare, intueri, etc., Dillmann⁷⁰¹;—compare also נטר);—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular with suffix נְצָרָ֫תַם Psalms 119:129; 1st singular נָצָ֑רְתִּי Psalms 119:22, Psalms 119:56, Psalms 119:100; 3rd masculine plural נָֽצְרוּ Proverbs 22:12; future (עתיד) יִצֹּר Proverbs 3:1; with suffix יִצְּרֶ֫נְהוּ (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 58, 4 R.) Deuteronomy 32:10; m. with suffix תִּנְצְרֶ֑כָּה Proverbs 2:11 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 58, 4 R.); 1st singular אֶצֹּר Psalms 119:69; אֶצְּרָה Psalms 119:34, Psalms 119:115; אֶצֹּ֑רָה Psalms 119:145; with suffix אֶצָּרְךָ Isaiah 42:6; Isaiah 49:8 (Gesenius Böttcher Ewald al. from יצר); אֶצֳּרֶ֑נָּה Isaiah 27:3; 3rd masculine plural יִצְּרוּ Proverbs 20:28; יִנְצֹ֑רוּ Deuteronomy 33:9 (on forms see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 66, 2, R. 1) + 15 times future (עתיד); imperative (ציווי) נְצֹר Psalms 34:14 + 3 times; נִצְּרָה Psalms 141:3 (d. f. dirim. Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 20, 2 b); with suffix נִצְּרֶ֑הָ Proverbs 4:13; infinitive (מקור) absolute נָצוֹר Nahum 2:2; construct נְצֹר Proverbs 2:8; participle (בינוני) נוֹצֵר; Proverbs 28:7; נֹצֵר Exodus 34:7 + 7 times; with suffix נֹצְרָהּ Isaiah 27:3; plural נוֹצְרִים II Kings 17:9; II Kings 18:8, etc.; passive נָצוּר Ezekiel 6:12; plural נְצוּרִים Isaiah 65:4 (Septuagint ἐν τοῖς σπηλαίοις, בַּמְּעָרוֹת); construct נְצוּרֵי (Kt נְצִירֵי only here) Isaiah 49:6; f. נְצוּרָה Isaiah 1:8 (Dillmann reads נְצוֹרָה Niph. participle (בינוני) √ צוּר); construct נְצֻרַת Proverbs 7:10; plural נְצֻרוֹת Isaiah 48:6 (Cheyne reads בְּצֻרוֹת).

Watch, guard, keep, a vineyard Job 27:18 (compare Wetzstein in De Job (2)^{ad location}), Isaiah 27:3^(×2), fig-tree Proverbs 27:18, fortification Nahum 2:2; נֹצְרִים watchmen Jeremiah 31:6; מִגְדַּל נ׳ tower of watchmen II Kings 17:9; II Kings 18:8; in ethical sense of men, guarding the mouth Proverbs 13:3, the way Proverbs 16:17, לֵב Proverbs 4:23; the tongue מֵרַע Psalms 34:14; c. על, over the door of the lips Psalms 141:3; of God נֹצֵר הָאָדָם Job 7:20 (thou) watcher of men (iron.).

Guard from dangers, preserve, with a direct object subj. God or his attributes Deuteronomy 32:10 Psalms 25:21; Psalms 31:24; Psalms 40:12; Psalms 61:8; Isaiah 26:3; Isaiah 42:6; Isaiah 49:8 Proverbs 2:8; Proverbs 20:28; Proverbs 22:12; נֹצֵר נֶפֶשׁ Proverbs 24:12; with a direct object and מן from which Psalms 12:8; Psalms 32:7; Psalms 64:2; Psalms 140:2, Psalms 140:5. In Wisd. Lit. subj. is abstr.: חכמה Proverbs 4:6; תבונה Proverbs 2:11; צדקה Proverbs 13:6; נְצוּרֵי ישׂראל Isaiah 49:6 preserved of Israel.

Guard with fidelity, keep, observe: of י׳, נֹצֵר חֶסֶד לאלפים Exodus 34:7; elsewhere of man observing the covenant Deuteronomy 33:9 (poem) Psalms 25:10, the divine law Psalms 78:7; Psalms 105:45; Psalms 119:2, Psalms 119:22, Psalms 119:33, Psalms 119:34, Psalms 119:56, Psalms 119:69, Psalms 119:100, Psalms 119:115, Psalms 119:129, Psalms 119:145; commands of parents Proverbs 6:20; Proverbs 28:7; and discipline of Wisdom Proverbs 3:1, Proverbs 3:21; Proverbs 4:13; Proverbs 5:2.

Guard, keep secret, doubtful: נְצֻרוֹת secret things Isaiah 48:6; נְצוּרִים secret places Isaiah 65:4 (see forms above); נְצֻרַת לֵב secret, wily minded Proverbs 7:10 (of harlot, so RVm close, that is secretive).

Kept close, blockaded, doubtful: הַנָּצוּר the blockaded (so Ewald Hitzig Co Toy; but Ke Bth Kau preserved; Hitzig Co Bth Toy del. והנשׁאר) Ezekiel 6:12; עִיר נְצוּרָה blockaded city Isaiah 1:8 (see form above); נֹצְרִים blockaders Jeremiah 4:16 (but Septuagint συστροφαί = צררים that is foes).

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נְצוּרִים

see I. נצר Qal participle (בינוני) passive

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נִצְּרָה

Psalms 141:3 see I. נצר Qal imperative (ציווי)

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נֵ֫צֶר

noun (masc.) sprout, shoot, in figuratively uses:—נ׳ absolute Isaiah 11:1; Isaiah 14:19; (sim.); construct Isaiah 60:21 (נ׳ מַטָּעַי), Daniel 11:7 (מִנּ׳ שָׁרָשֶׁיהָ; but Septuagint Bev ‘poss.’ נ׳ מִשָּׁרָשֶׁיהָ).

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נָקַב

verb pierce (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; SI ^1.1.4 הנקבה the piercing, boring through; Aramaic נְקַב, ܢܩܰܒ the same; נֶקְבָּא hole, etc.; Sinait. n.pr.m. נקבו Eut ^{441, 2}, נקיבו Eut ^{99, 2; 153, 2} (Lidzbarski ^325.326 Cook ⁸³); Assyrian naḳbu, depth, spring of water; Arabic نَقَبَ perforate, pierce, scrutinize, etc., نَقِيبَةٌ sagacity, etc., نَقِيبٌ leader, chief (one who scrutinizes));—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular with suffix נְקָבָהּ II Kings 18:21; Isaiah 36:6; 2nd masculine singular נָקַבְתָּ Habakkuk 3:14; future (עתיד) יִנְקָב־ Job 40:24, וַיִּקֹּב II Kings 12:10; with suffix יִקֳּבֶ֫נּוּ Isaiah 62:2; 2nd masculine singular תִּקֹּב Job 40:26; imperative (ציווי) ms. נָקְבָה Genesis 30:28; participle (בינוני) passive נָקוּב Haggai 1:6; plural construct נְקֻבֵי Amos 6:1;—

pierce, bore, with a direct object II Kings 18:21 = Isaiah 36:6, Habakkuk 3:14 (all in figuratively), Job 40:24, Job 40:26; with a direct object cogn. + ב, וְיִּקֹּב חֹר בְּדַלְתּוֹ II Kings 12:10 and he bored a hole in its lid; צְרוֹר נָקוּב Haggai 1:6 a bag pierced, that is with a hole in it.

prick off, designate, wages Genesis 30:28, name Isaiah 62:2 (י׳ subj.; compare Niph.); pt. passive noted, distinguished Amos 6:1.

past (עבר) 3rd plural in phr. נִקְּבוּ בְשֵׁמוֹת (אֲשֶׁר) who were pricked off, designated, by name Numbers 1:17; I Chronicles 12:32 (v I Chronicles 12:31 van d. H), I Chronicles 16:41; II Chronicles 28:15; II Chronicles 31:19, compare Ezra 8:20.

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נֶ֫קֶב

n.[m.] term. techn. of jeweller’s work, probably some hole or cavity (Hitzig-Smend Co Berthol; Toy^Haupt leaves untransl.),—only plural with suffix תֻּפֶּיךָ וּנְקָבֶיךָ Ezekiel 28:13 thy sockets and thy grooves (Davidson), or thy settings and thy sockets.

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נֶ֫קֶב²

n.pr.location only in אֲדָמִי הַנּ׳ Joshua 19:33 (Septuagint Αρμε καὶ Ναβωκ; A Αρμαι καὶ Νακεβ; SeptuagintL Αδεμμη αννεκβ); on border of Naphtali; appar. a pass (Arabic نَقْبٌ, road between mountains.)

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נְקֵבָה

noun (fem.) female (perforata (Barth^{NB 166}); so Gesenius' Thesaurus and most; > another view in Schwally^{journal ZAW xi (1891), 181 f.; Idiot. 57}; Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Aramaic נוּקְבָּא, נוּקְבְּתָא, ܢܶܩܒܳܐ, ܢܶܩܒܬܳܐ );—always absolute נ׳ Jeremiah 31:22 + 21 times (all Pent., and all P except Deuteronomy 4:16):

woman (or female child) Jeremiah 31:22 (opposite גֶּבֶר), Genesis 1:27; Genesis 5:2; Leviticus 12:5, Leviticus 12:7; Leviticus 15:33; Leviticus 27:4, Leviticus 27:5, Leviticus 27:6, Leviticus 27:7; Numbers 5:3 (all opposite זָכָר), Numbers 31:15.

female animal Genesis 6:19; Genesis 7:3, Genesis 7:9, Genesis 7:16; Leviticus 3:1, Leviticus 3:6 (all opposite זָכָר), Leviticus 4:28, Leviticus 4:32; Leviticus 5:6.—Deuteronomy 4:16 (opposite זָכָר) may include both women and animals.

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נָקַב²

verb curse (perhaps akin to I. נקב; perhaps secondary format. from קָבַב, q.see for forms יִקֹּב, קֹב, etc.);—

infinitive (מקור) with suffix נָקְבוֹ שֵׁם Leviticus 24:16; participle (בינוני) נֹקֵב שֵׁם י׳ v Leviticus 24:16 (on text see Dillmann, Gei^{Urschrift 274} Dalman^{Adonai 44 f.}).

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נָקֹד

adjective speckled;—only of sheep and goats; נ׳ Genesis 30:32^(×2), fpl. נְקֻדּוֹת v Genesis 30:35 (all ‖ טָלוּא), mpl. נְקֻדִּים v Genesis 30:39 (‖ the same + עֲקֻדִּים;—all these J); mpl. also Genesis 31:8^(×2) and (+ עֲקֻדִּים, בְּרֻדִּים) v Genesis 31:10, Genesis 31:12 (all E).

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נֹקֵד

noun (masc.) sheep-raiser, -dealer, or -tender (Lagarde^{NB 108});—absolute נ׳ II Kings 3:4 (of Mesha, king of Moab); plural אֲשֶׁר הָיָה בַנֹּקְדִים מִתְּקוֹעַ Amos 1:1 (of Amos, see Driver; compare Amos 7:14, where read נוקד for בוקר according to Wellhausen Nowack Driver, not GASm, see Budde below); perhaps gloss, compare Budde^{Kohut-Memorial, 106 f.} Nowack^{ad location}

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נְקוֹדָא

n.pr.m. head of a family of Nethinim Ezra 2:48, Ezra 2:60 = Nehemiah 7:49, Nehemiah 7:61, Septuagint Νεκωθα, Νεχωδα.

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נָקָה

verb be empty (?), clean (Ecclus 16:11b Niph. future (עתיד) ינקה be unpunished, so 40:15; 31:5 = Proverbs 28:20; Mishnaic Hebrew Pi. = Biblical Hebrew; Aramaic נְקָא Pa. = Biblical Hebrew, adjective נְקֵא clean; Phoenician נקי adjective pure; Palmyrene נקא be clean (perhaps) in n.pr. Sachau^{ZMG xxxv (1881), 735} Lidzbarski³²⁵; Assyrian nâḳû, pour out, pour libation, make offering, nikû, libation, offering; Old Aramaic נקיה perhaps = נוּקָיָה libation (Lidzbarski³²⁶), compare Syriac ܢܽܘܩܳܝܳܐ Cook⁸³; Syriac ܢܰܩܺܝ Pa. pour out, make a libation; Targum נְקָא Pa. = cleanse (with lye) Isaiah 1:25; adjective נְקֵא clean of bread or fruit Genesis 40:16 Targum^{J i}, Deuteronomy 6:3 Targum^{J ii}, = exempt (Biblical Hebrew נָקִי) I Kings 15:22. on the other hand, Arabic نَقِىَ purus, mundus fuit Kam. Freytag; ii. cleanse, etc., Lane³⁰³⁷.—Orig. meaning probably empty out, hence pour and be empty, clean);—

infinitive (מקור) absolute נָקֹה Jeremiah 49:12 (נָקֹה תִּנָּקֶה, probably error for הנקה ת׳, compare Jeremiah 25:29).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִקָּה Zechariah 5:3 + 5 times; f. נִקְּתָה Numbers 5:28; נִקָּ֑תָה Isaiah 3:26; 2nd masculine singular נִקֵּיתָ Genesis 24:8; 1st singular נִקֵּיתִי Judges 15:3 + 2 times; future (עתיד) יִנָּקֶה Proverbs 6:29 + 6 times; 2nd masculine singular תִּנָּקֶה Genesis 24:41 + 2 times; plural תִּנָּקוּ Jeremiah 25:29^(×2); imperative (ציווי) הִנָּקִי Numbers 5:19; infinitive (מקור) הִנָּקֵה Jeremiah 25:29;—

be cleaned out, of a plundered city Isaiah 3:26; purged out, of liars and perjurers Zechariah 5:3^(×2).

be clean, free from guilt, innocent, Jeremiah 2:35 c. מִן, מִפֶּשַׁע Psalms 19:14; מֵעָוֹן Numbers 5:31; מִפְּלִשְׁתִּים from (at the hands of) the Philistines Judges 15:3.

be free, exempt from punishment, absolute Exodus 21:19 Numbers 5:28 I Samuel 26:9; לֹא יִנָּקֶה Proverbs 6:29; Proverbs 11:21; Proverbs 16:5; Proverbs 17:5; Proverbs 19:5, Proverbs 19:9; Proverbs 28:20; Jeremiah 25:29^(×3) Jeremiah 49:12, נָקֹה תִּנָּקֶה v Jeremiah 25:12.

free, exempt from obligation, c. מִן, from oaths Genesis 24:8, Genesis 24:41; מִמֵּי הַמָּרִים from effects of drinking the bitter water Numbers 5:19.

past (עבר) 1st singular נִקֵּיתִי Joel 4:21 (Septuagint Peshitta נִקַּמְתִּי; so Nowack Siegfried-Stade Buhl); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְנַקֶּה Exodus 20:7 + 2 times; יְנַקֵּ֑ה Numbers 14:18 Nahum 1:3; 2nd masculine singular with suffix תְּנַקֵּנִי Job 9:28; Job 10:14; תְּנַקֵּהוּ I Kings 2:9; 1st singular with suffix אֲנַקֶּ֑ךָּ Jeremiah 30:11; Jeremiah 46:28; imperative (ציווי) with suffix נַקֵּנִי Psalms 19:13; infinitive (מקור) absolute נַקֵּה Exodus 34:7 + 4 times;—

hold innocent, acquit, Job 9:28; מֵעֲוֹנִי Job 10:14; מִנִּסְתָּרוֹת Psalms 19:13.

leave unpunished: of man, with a direct object I Kings 2:9; elsewhere of God: absolute נַקֵּה לֹא יְנַקֶּה Exodus 34:7^(×2) = Numbers 14:18^(×2) (all J) = Nahum 1:3^(×2); with a direct object לֹא יְנַקֶּה Exodus 20:7 = Deuteronomy 5:11; נַקֵּה לֹא אֲנַקֶּךָּ Jeremiah 30:11^(×2) = Jeremiah 46:28^(×2), compare Joel 4:21^(×2) (but see above).

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נָקִי

adjective clean, free from, exempt;—נ׳ Genesis 24:41 + 31 times; construct נְקִי Psalms 24:4; plural נְקִיִּים Jeremiah 2:34; נְקִיִּם Genesis 44:10 + 6 times;—

free from guilt, clean, innocent, ‖ צַדִּיק: נָקִי וְצַדִּיק Exodus 23:7, נָקִי innocent person Job 4:7; Job 17:8; Job 22:19, Job 22:30; Job 27:17 Psalms 10:8; Psalms 15:5; Proverbs 1:11; נקיים Job 9:23; דם נקי innocent blood, first used in D, Deuteronomy 19:10; Deuteronomy 27:25; I Samuel 19:5; II Kings 21:16; II Kings 24:4 Psalms 94:21; Psalms 106:38; Proverbs 6:17; Isaiah 59:7; Jeremiah 7:6; Jeremiah 22:3; Jeremiah 26:15; דם הנקי Deuteronomy 19:13 II Kings 24:4 Jeremiah 22:17; הדם הנקי Deuteronomy 21:9; דם נקיים Jeremiah 19:4; נָקִי מִדְּמֵי II Samuel 3:28 (+ מֵעִם י׳); נְקִי כַפַּיִם Psalms 24:4; אביונים נקיים Jeremiah 2:34.

free from punishment Exodus 21:28 II Samuel 14:9.

free, exempt from obligations Genesis 44:10; from service in war Numbers 32:22 (P; + מִן person, see מִן 2 d), Deuteronomy 24:5 I Kings 15:22 (compare Arabic نَقِىَّ and Wetzstein^{ZMG xxii (1868), 129}); c. מן, from oaths Genesis 24:41 Joshua 2:17, Joshua 2:19, Joshua 2:20.

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נָקִיא

adjective innocent;—דָּם נָקִיא innocent blood Joel 4:19 Jonah 1:14 (both Kt; Qr נָקִי).

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נִקָּיוֹן

n.[m.] innocency;—נ׳ Psalms 26:6; Psalms 73:13; נִקָּיֹן Hosea 8:5; construct נִקְּיוֹן Amos 4:6; נִקְיֹן Genesis 20:5;—

freedom from guilt, innocency: נ׳ כַּפַּי Genesis 20:5 (R^JE); אֶרְחַץ בנ׳ כַּפָּ֑י Psalms 26:6 I will wash my hands in innocency = Psalms 73:13.

freedom from punishment Hosea 8:5.

in physical sense, נִקְיוֹן שִׁנַּיִם cleanness of teeth (without food) Amos 4:6 (but read perhaps after Septuagint Peshitta Targum קַהֲיוֹן bluntness, so Lagarde^{BN 201}).

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נָקַם

verb avenge, take vengeance (Ecclus 46^{1 e} להנקם נקמי אויב (Niph. + direct object cogn.); נקם n. also 12:6 (compare Deuteronomy 32:41), 39:30; 48:7; Mishnaic Hebrew נָקַם especially in deriv.; Aramaic נְקַם (rare), ܢܩܰܡ in der. species; Arabic نَقَمَ take vengeance (عَلَ upon), Lane³⁰³⁷; compare Ethiopic ቂም Dillmann⁴⁵⁸ vindictae studium, ultionis cupido; Assyrian iḳḳimu, vengeance, requital, is poss. from √ אקם Jäger^{BAS ii. 279});—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular with suffix נְקָמַ֫נִי I Samuel 24:13; future (עתיד) יִקּוֹם Deuteronomy 32:43; יִקֹּם Joshua 10:13; 2nd masculine singular תִּקֹּם Leviticus 19:18; infinitive (מקור) absolute נָקֹם Exodus 21:20; construct נְקֹם Ezekiel 24:8; Ezekiel 25:12; imperative (ציווי) נְקֹם Numbers 31:2; participle (בינוני) נֹקֵם Nahum 1:2 + 3 times; f. נֹקֶ֫מֶת Leviticus 26:25;—

avenge, take vengeance:

God subj. דַּם עֲבָדָיו יִקּוֹם Deuteronomy 32:43 the blood of his servants he avengeth (against those who slew them) (+ I Kings 2:5 SeptuagintL Klostermann); נ׳ absolute Nahum 1:2^(×2) c. לְ (agst. Nineveh) Nahum 1:2; נ׳ נָקָם (agst. Jerus.) Ezekiel 24:8; עַל־עֲלִילוֹתָם on their doings (his people’s) Psalms 99:8; נ׳ נְקַם בְּרִית Leviticus 26:25 the vengeance of the covenant (against those who break it); נְקָמַנִי, I Samuel 24:13, c. מִן of person from whom vengeance is taken (cp. Jeremiah 20:10).

Israel and its leaders against their enemies, נ׳ נקמה c. מִן against whom Numbers 31:2; with a direct object יִקֹּם אֹיְבָיו Joshua 10:13 (poem).

Edom against Judah נ׳ נקם לְ Ezekiel 25:12.

in administration of justice agst. murder Exodus 21:20.

entertain revengeful feelings (opposite אהב) against neighbour forbidden Leviticus 19:18.

past (עבר) 1st singular נִקַּ֫מְתִּי Judges 15:7; I Samuel 14:24; 3rd masculine plural נִקְּמוּ Ezekiel 25:12; future (עתיד) יִנָּקֵם Exodus 21:20; 1st singular אִנָּֽקְמָה Judges 16:28; Isaiah 1:24; 3rd masculine plural יִנָּֽקְמוּ Ezekiel 25:15; infinitive (מקור) הִנָּקֵם Jeremiah 46:10 + 2 times; imperative (ציווי) הִנָּ֫קֶם Jeremiah 15:15; plural הִנָּֽקְמוּ Jeremiah 50:15:—

avenge oneself,

י׳ subj. c. מִן of adversary Isaiah 1:24; Jeremiah 46:10; c. מִן advers., לְ for whom Jeremiah 15:15; c. בְּ adversary Jeremiah 50:15.

of Israel and champions c. מִן Judges 16:28; I Samuel 14:24; Esther 8:13; c. בְּ Judges 15:7; I Samuel 18:25.

of enemies against Israel נ׳ נקם Ezekiel 25:15; c. בְּ Ezekiel 25:12.

suffer vengeance (of law against murder) Exodus 21:20.

past (עבר) 1st singular נִקַּ֫מְתִּי II Kings 9:7 Jeremiah 51:36;—avenge, י׳ subj. דָּמִים מיד II Kings 9:7 blood at hands of; נ׳ נִקְמָתֵךָ Jeremiah 51:36 take vengeance for thee.

future (עתיד) יֻקַּם Genesis 4:24; Exodus 21:21, יֻקָּ֑ם Genesis 4:15 be avenged, vengeance be taken (for blood).

future (עתיד) תִּתְנַקֵּם Jeremiah 5:9, Jeremiah 5:29; Jeremiah 9:8; participle (בינוני) מִתְנַקֵּם Psalms 8:3; Psalms 44:17; avenge oneself, י׳ subj. לֹא תִתְנַקֵּם נַפְשִׁי בְּ׳ Jeremiah 5:9, Jeremiah 5:29; Jeremiah 9:8; of Israel’s enemies אוֹיֵב וּמִתְנַקֵּם Psalms 8:3; Psalms 44:17.

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נָקָם

noun (masc.) vengeance;—נ׳ Deuteronomy 32:35 + 14 times; construct נְקַם Leviticus 26:25; Judges 16:28;—

taken by God, absolute Ezekiel 24:8 Psalms 58:11; נ׳ בְּרִית vengeance of the covenant Leviticus 26:25; יוֹם נקם Isaiah 34:8; Isaiah 61:2; Isaiah 63:4; בִּגְדֵי נ׳ Isaiah 59:17; לִי נָקָם וְשִׁלֵּם Deuteronomy 32:35; לקח נ׳ Isaiah 47:3; נ׳ יבוא Isaiah 35:4; with a direct object adversary עשׂה נ׳ Micah 5:14; c. לְ advers. חשׁיב נ׳ Deuteronomy 32:41, Deuteronomy 32:43.

Samson against Philistines, נקם נ׳ Judges 16:28.

enemies against Judah, absolute Ezekiel 25:12, Ezekiel 25:15; individual enemy יום נ׳ Proverbs 6:34.

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נְקָמָה

noun (fem.) vengeance (on format. compare Lagarde^{BN 143});—נ׳ Jeremiah 46:10 + 3 times; construct נִקְמַת Numbers 31:2 + 7 times; with suffix נִקְמָתִי Ezekiel 25:14 + 7 times sfs.; plural נְקָמוֹת Judges 11:36 + 5 times; נְקָמֹת II Samuel 22:48;—

vengeance of God, absolute Ezekiel 25:14; נקם נ׳ Jeremiah 51:36; נִקְמַת דַּם Psalms 79:10; אֵל נְקָמוֹת Psalms 94:1^(×2); עֵת נ׳ Jeremiah 51:6; יוֹם נ׳ Jeremiah 46:10; נ׳ יהוה Jeremiah 50:15, Jeremiah 50:28; Jeremiah 51:11; נ׳ הֵיכָלוֹ Jeremiah 50:28; Jeremiah 51:11; c. בְּ of adversary, נתן נ׳ Ezekiel 25:14, Ezekiel 25:17; עשׂה נ׳ Ezekiel 25:17; c. מִן of adversary נתן נ׳ II Samuel 4:8 עשׂה נ׳ Judges 11:36; נִקְמָֽתְךָ מֵהֶם Jeremiah 11:20; Jeremiah 20:12; c. לְ for whom נתן נ׳ II Samuel 22:48 = Psalms 18:48.

of Israel and its chiefs נקם נ׳ מן Numbers 31:2; c. בְ׳, נתן ני׳ Numbers 31:3; עשׂה נ׳ Psalms 149:7.

enemies of Israel absolute Lamentations 3:60; עשׂה בנקמה Ezekiel 25:15; of Jeremiah לקח נ׳ מן Jeremiah 20:10.

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נָקַף

verb strike off (Mishnaic Hebrew strike, wound, Aramaic נְקַף the same; Arabic نَقَفَ fregit caput, ut cerebrum appareret; Vulg. Ar. snap with the finger (Dozy^{ii, 716}); Assyrian naḳpu probably = mutilated; Ethiopic ነቀፈ peel, flay Dillmann⁶⁴⁹);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular וְנִקַּף סִבְכֵי הַיַּ֫עַר consec. Isaiah 10:34 and the thickets of the forest shall be struck away (on singular verb compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 145 o Davidson^{Synt. § 113 b}; or read נִקְּפוּ;—form poss. Pi., but compare Dillmann Duhm Cheyne^Haupt).

past (עבר) 3rd plural וְאַחַר עוֹרִי נִקְּפוּ־זֹאת Job 19:26 after my skin, which they (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 144 g) have struck off (alluding to ravages of his disease)—this! but text doubtful; Budde נִקַּף כָּזֹאת (Niph.) which has been thus struck off.

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נָקַף²

verb go around (intrans.), (Ecclus 45:9 Hiph. ויקיפהו surround something with (2 direct object); past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular הקיפה 43:12 (direct object + ב instr.); Mishnaic Hebrew Hiph. הִקִּיף = Biblical Hebrew; also = cling to, be attached, joined to, and so Aramaic אַקֵּיף (Aph.), ܢܩܶܦ );—

future (עתיד) חַגִּים יִנְקֹ֑פוּ Isaiah 29:1 (figuratively) let feasts go around, that is run the round (of the year).

past (עבר) הִקִּיף Job 19:6; 3rd feminine singular הִקִּ֫יפָה Isaiah 15:8; 3rd plural הִקִּ֫יפוּ Job 1:5 Psalms 88:18, וְהִקִּיפוּ consec. II Chronicles 23:7, with suffix הִקִּיפוּנִי Psalms 22:17; 2nd masculine plural וְהִקַּפְתֶּם consec. II Kings 11:8; future (עתיד) וַיַּקַּף Lamentations 3:5; 3rd masculine plural יַקִּ֫יפוּ Psalms 17:9, וַיַּקִּ֫פוּ II Kings 6:14; 2nd masculine plural תַּקִּ֫פוּ Leviticus 19:27; imperative (ציווי) mpl. with suffix הָקִּיפ֫וּהָ Psalms 48:13; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַקֵּיף Joshua 6:3, הַקֵּף v Joshua 6:11; participle (בינוני) plural מַקִּ(י)פִים I Kings 7:24 II Chronicles 4:3;—

go around, surround, encompass:

go around, with a direct object of city, Joshua 6:3 compare v Joshua 6:11 (direct object om.), Psalms 48:13 (all ‖ סָבָב); also (figuratively) הִקִּ֫יפָה הַזְּעָקָה אֶת־ Isaiah 15:8 the cry hath gone about the border of Moab.

surround, encompass, enclose, usually c. עַל־: וַיַּקִּ֫פוּ עַל־הָעִיר II Kings 6:14 and they closed in upon the city (beleaguered it); c. עַל person II Kings 11:8 (+ סָבִיב), Psalms 17:9; Psalms 88:18 (‖ סָבַב), + direct object rei Job 19:6 he hath closed his net in upon me, compare Lamentations 3:5; less often with a direct object person Psalms 22:17 (‖ סָבַב), II Chronicles 23:7 (‖ II Kings 11:8; + סָבִיב), also of inanim. things I Kings 7:24 = II Chronicles 4:3 (both + סָבִיב, ‖ סָבַב).

make the round, that is complete the circuit הִקּ׳ יְמֵי הַמִּשְׁתֶּה Job 1:5 when the days of feasting had completed their circuit.

make round, round off (literally): לֹא תַקּ׳ פְּאַת רֹאשְׁכֶם Leviticus 19:27 (‖ לֹא תַשְׁחִית אֵת פְּאַת זְקָנֶ֑ךָ), of heathen rite.

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נִקְפָּה

noun (fem.) encircling rope (of captive), תַּחַת חֲגוֹרָה נִקְפָּה Isaiah 3:24.

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נָקַר

verb bore, pick, dig (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Aramaic נְקַר, ܢܩܰܪ the same; Arabic نَقَرَ perforate, bore out, hollow out Lane²⁸³⁸; Ethiopic ነቈረ be one-eyed Dillmann⁶⁴⁵);—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural with suffix יִקְּרוּהָ Proverbs 30:17; infinitive (מקור) נְקוֹר I Samuel 11:2, both of boring, or picking out eye (direct object).

future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular תְּנַקֵּר Numbers 16:14, 3rd masculine plural וַיְנַקְּרוּ Judges 16:21 both of boring out eyes (direct object); past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִקַּר Job 30:17 he (or it, that is the night) boreth my bones מֵעָלָ֑י (of effects of elephantiasis; Budde reads נֻקַּר).

past (עבר) 2nd masculine plural נֻקַּרְתֶּם Isaiah 51:1 the quarry (from wh.) ye were digged.

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נֵר³

(נִיר) see נור.

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נֵרְגַּל שַׂרְאֶ֫צֶר

n.pr.m. (so Baer Ginsb; van d. H. שַׁר׳), chief soothsayer (רַב־מָ֑ג) in train of Nebuchad. Jeremiah 39:3 (del. Gie, plausibly) v Jeremiah 39:3, Jeremiah 39:13 (compare Schr^{COT ad location}).

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נִרְגָּן

see רגן.

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נֵרְדְּ

noun (masc.) nard, an odorif. plant from India (via Presia) (Skr. naladâ; Pers. nârdîn; Sab. Arabic transp. رَنْد according to DHM^{Burgen u. Schlosser 975 (SB xcvii)} see also Sab.Denkm. ⁸²; Gk. νάρδος [so Septuagint] (through Semites) Lewy^{Fremdwörter 40}; compare Löw^{Noldeke. 316} Lagarde^{M. ii. 25});—absolute נ׳ Song of Songs 4:14; with suffix נִרְדִּי נָתַן רֵיחוֹ Song of Songs 1:12; plural נְרָדִים Song of Songs 4:13.

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נֵרִיָּה

see נֵר sub נור.

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נָשָׂא

verb lift, carry, take (Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Phoenician נשא the same Lidzbarski³²⁶; Assyrian našû, the same Delitzsch^HWB484; Biblical Aramaic נְשָׂא (rare); Syriac in ܡܰܐܣܰܐܬܳܐ scales; Palmyrene נסא, נשא n.pr. Lidzbarski³²⁶ Cook^{81, 83} (cp. נשׁא forget); Arabic نَشَأَ intrans. rise, be high, etc.; Sab. in n.pr., for example CIS^{iv. 5. 1}; also נשא verb Hal^{Rev. Sém. iv (1896), 69} Min. נשא take, Hom^{Südar. Chrest. 128}; Ethiopic ነሥአ suscipere, tollere Dillmann⁶³⁵, so OEth., DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. aus Abess. (1894), 52});—

past (עבר) נ׳ Genesis 13:6 +; 2nd masculine singular נָשָׂאתָ I Kings 2:26 +, נָשָׂאתָה Numbers 14:19, with suffix נְשָׂאתַ֫נִי Psalms 102:11; 2nd feminine singular with suffix נְשָׂאתִים Ezekiel 16:58; 3rd plural נָֽשְׂאוּ II Samuel 18:28 +, נָשׂוּא Psalms 139:20, וְנָשׂוּ consec. Ezekiel 39:26, with suffix נְשָׂאוּם II Chronicles 12:11, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשָּׂא Genesis 32:21 +, וַיִּשָּׂא Genesis 13:10 +, with suffix יִשָּׂאֵהוּ Deuteronomy 32:11 +; 3rd masculine plural יִשְׂאוּ Hosea 4:8 +, יִשָּׂ֑אוּ Habakkuk 2:6 +, וַיִּשְׂאוּ Judges 2:4 +; with suffix יִשָּׂאֻנוּ Isaiah 64:5; Isaiah 64:3 fpl. תִּשֶּׂ֫נָה Jeremiah 9:17, וַתִּשֶּׂ֫אנָה Ruth 1:9, וַתִּשֶּׂ֫נָה Zechariah 5:9; Ruth 1:14; Ruth 1:2 fpl. תִּשֶּׂ֫אינָה Ezekiel 23:49, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שָׂא Genesis 13:14 +, נְשָׂא Psalms 10:12, נְסָה Psalms 4:7; with suffix שָׂאֵהוּ Numbers 11:12; II Kings 4:19; fs. שְׂאִי Genesis 21:18 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute נָשׂוֹא Jeremiah 10:5, נָשׂא Hosea 1:6 + 2 times; construct נְשׂא Isaiah 1:14 + 2 times, שׂוֹא Psalms 89:10 (read perhaps שְׁאוֹן roar Ri Bi Cheyne, compare Hitzig שׁוֹא), usually שְׂאֵת Genesis 4:7 + with suffix נָשְׂאִי Psalms 28:2, שְׂאֵתִי Jeremiah 15:15 Psalms 89:51, etc.; Aramaizing infinitive (מקור) לְמַשְׂאוֹת Ezekiel 17:9 (si vera l.; Co Berthol לְיוֹם שְׂאֵת); participle (בינוני) active נֹשֵׁא Exodus 34:7 +, f. נֹשְׁאֵת I Kings 10:22, נֹשֵׁאת Esther 2:15, etc.; passive construct נְשׂוּא Isaiah 3:3 +, נְשׂוּי Psalms 32:1, etc.—

lift, lift up:

literally, with a direct object person vel rei; the flood lifts ark Genesis 7:17, י׳ lifts standard (נֵם) Isaiah 5:26; Isaiah 11:12 + (often followed by ל person), rod Isaiah 10:26, c. עַל against v Isaiah 10:24, נ׳ חֶרֶב אֶל־ Micah 4:3 = Isaiah 2:4, etc.;—especially lift in order to hold, carry away, etc. Genesis 21:18, Judges 9:48; Amos 6:10; II Samuel 2:32; II Samuel 4:4; I Kings 13:29; II Kings 9:25, II Kings 9:26 Ezekiel 3:12, Ezekiel 3:14; Ezekiel 8:3; Ezekiel 11:24 +; lift up wings to fly Ezekiel 10:16, Ezekiel 10:19; Ezekiel 11:22; †נ׳ רַגְלָיו וַיֵּלֶךְ Genesis 29:1 he lifted up his feet and went; lift up, upon (על) Genesis 31:17; Genesis 42:26 (both E), figuratively Job 31:36; נ׳ בְּמֹאזְנַיִם Job 6:2 put a thing into scale; נ׳ בוֹ אָלָה put on him (require of him) an oath I Kings 8:31 = II Chronicles 6:22, so van d. H., Septuagint; correct Masoretic Text נָשָׁא (Baer Ginsb), but sense hardly possible; אֶשָּׂא בְשָׂרִי בְשִׁנָּ֑י Job 13:14 I will take up my flesh in my teeth (figuratively for hazarding life).

in many phr., literally and figuratively, for example: (1) lift up hand; against (ב) II Samuel 18:28; II Samuel 20:21, c. לְ Psalms 106:26; אֶל־ (as signal) Isaiah 49:22; absolute, in display of power Psalms 10:12; freq. in oath (especially Ez P; of י׳; usually followed by inf., often + ל person) Exodus 6:8; Numbers 14:30; (both P), Ezekiel 20:5^(×2), Ezekiel 20:6, Ezekiel 20:15, Ezekiel 20:23, Ezekiel 20:28, Ezekiel 20:42; Ezekiel 36:7; Ezekiel 44:12; Ezekiel 47:14 Nehemiah 9:15, + אֶל־שָׁמַיִם Deuteronomy 32:40 lift hand to heaven; in prayer (c. אֶל־) Psalms 28:2 Lamentations 2:19, so (בְּשִׁמְךָ) Psalms 63:5, absolute Psalms 134:2, and, remarkably, אֶל־מִצְוֹתֶיךָ Psalms 119:48; also figuratively of the deep (תְּהוֹם) Habakkuk 3:10; in blessing Leviticus 9:22 (P; c. אֶל). (2) lift up one’s head = shew boldness, independence Judges 8:28; Zechariah 2:4; Job 10:15 Psalms 83:3; of another = restore to honour Genesis 40:13, Genesis 40:20, but lift thy head from off thee (מֵעָלֶיךָ), v Genesis 40:19, by word-play;—+מִבֵּית כֶּלֶא II Kings 25:27 = Jeremiah 52:31; figuratively of gates, lift up your heads Psalms 24:7, Psalms 24:9. (3) lift up one’s face, countenance (פָּנִים), literally, II Kings 9:32 (אֶל־); sign of good conscience II Samuel 2:22 (אֶל־), absolute Job 11:15; of י׳, sign of favour, נ׳ פָּנָיו אֶל־ Numbers 6:26 (P; form of benediction); compare נ׳ אוֹר פָּנֶיךָ עַל־ Psalms 4:7; especially lift up face of another (orig. probably of one prosate in humility; opposite הֵשִׁיב פָּנִים repel), in various shades of meaning = grant a request Genesis 19:21 (J; + לַּדָּבָר הַוֶּה), I Samuel 25:35; II Kings 3:14 Job 42:8, Job 42:9; = be gracious to, Genesis 32:21, Malachi 1:8, Malachi 1:9 hence phr. נְשׂוּא פָנִים graciously received, held in honour †II Kings 5:1 (of Naaman), and, as noun, honourable, eminent one Isaiah 3:Isaiah 3; Isaiah 9:14 (but del. as gloss), Job 22:8†; = shew consideration for Deuteronomy 28:50 Lamentations 4:16; also in bad sense = be unduly influenced by Job 32:21, and, specif., = shew partiality (towards) Deuteronomy 10:17 (denied of י׳), Leviticus 19:15, Malachi 2:9 (כַּתּוֹרָה), Job 13:8, Job 13:10; Job 34:19; Proverbs 18:5 Psalms 82:2 (syn. הִכִּיר פ׳); even נ׳ פְּנֵי כָל־כֹּפֶר Proverbs 6:35 that is regard any bribe. (4) lift up eyes, on high II Kings 19:22 = Isaiah 37:23, compare Psalms 121:1 (אֶל־); לַשָּׁמַיִם Isaiah 51:6 (‖ הִבִּיט אֶל־); followed by ה location Deuteronomy 3:27; Deuteronomy 4:19 compare Ezekiel 8:5^(×2); toward (אֶל־) idols Ezekiel 18:6, Ezekiel 18:12, Ezekiel 18:15; Ezekiel 33:25, compare Ezekiel 23:27; toward (אֶל־) י׳ Psalms 123:1 (these with implied worship); נ׳ עֵינֶיהָ אֶל־ Genesis 39:7 that is she gazed at him with desire; usually + verb of seeing (35 times) Genesis 13:10, Genesis 13:14; Genesis 18:2 + (Hex only JE), Isaiah 40:26 (+ מָרוֹם), Isaiah 49:18; Isaiah 60:4 (both + סָבִיב), Jeremiah 3:2 (+ עַל־). (5) lift up voice (קוֹל), give (loud) utterance Isaiah 52:8, of floods Psalms 93:3, + and weep Genesis 21:16 Genesis 27:38; Genesis 29:11 (both J), Judges 2:4, + וַתָּשָּׂא וַיִּתְּנוּ אֶת־קוֹלָם וַיִּבְכּוּ Numbers 14:1, + 9 times; + יָרֹ֫נּוּ Isaiah 24:14; + קָרָא Judges 9:7; קוֹל om. Isaiah 3:7; Isaiah 42:2, v Isaiah 42:11 (‖ יָרֹ֫נּוּ); also (6) lift up (+ verb of saying, usually אָמַר), often of formal and solemn utterance, נ׳ מָשָׁל Numbers 23:7, Numbers 23:18; Numbers 24:3, Numbers 24:15, Numbers 24:20, Numbers 24:21, Numbers 24:23 Job 27:1; Job 29:1 + עַל Micah 2:4; Habakkuk 2:6; Isaiah 14:4; ונשׂא־בוֹ אָלָה I Kings 8:31 and he shall lift up against him an oath = II Chronicles 6:22 (Masoretic Text וְנָשָׂא see Baer Ginsb, but sense difficult; read rather וְנָשָׂא); י׳ נ׳ עָלָיו הַמַּשָּׂא הַזֶּה II Kings 9:25; נ׳ קִונָה, + עַל־ Jeremiah 7:29 Ezekiel 26:17; Ezekiel 27:2; Ezekiel 28:12; Ezekiel 32:2, + אֶל־ Ezekiel 19:1; Ezekiel 27:32; lift up word Amos 5:1 (על, + קִינָה); weeping Jeremiah 9:9 (עַל־); lamentation (נְהִי) v Jeremiah 9:17 (עַל־), reproach Psalms 15:3 (עַל־). (7) lift up, take up = utter: name of י׳, לַשָּׁוְא Exodus 20:7^(×2) = Deuteronomy 5:11^(×2) (Decalogue); compare Psalms 139:20 (read probably שְׁמֶ֑ךָ Böttcher Olshausen Cheyne Kau); בַּל־אֶשָּׂא שְׁמוֹתָם עַל־שְׂפָתָ֑י Psalms 16:4; נ׳ בְּרִיתִי עֲלֵי־פִיךָ Psalms 50:16; probably also נ׳ שֵׁמַע שָׁוְא Exodus 23:1. (8) lift up prayer in behalf of (בְּעַד) † II Kings 19:4 = Isaiah 37:4, Jeremiah 7:16; Jeremiah 11:14. (9) lift up soul (נֶפֶשׁ), that is direct the desire (נֶפֶשׁ 6 a) towards (אל) a thing, Deuteronomy 24:15 Proverbs 10:18, אֶל־עָוֹן Hosea 4:8, לַשָּׁוְא Psalms 24:4 (compare Pi. and ii. מַשָּׂא 2); אֶל־י׳ Psalms 25:1; Psalms 86:4 Psalms 143:8, so the heart Lamentations 3:41. (10) take up (incur) sin, iniquity, (only HP) †Exodus 28:43 Numbers 18:22, c. עַל for Leviticus 19:17; Leviticus 22:9 Numbers 18:32 (compare also 2 b). (11) of heart lifting one up, (inciting), Exodus 35:21, Exodus 35:26; Exodus 36:2 (all P); of presumption II Kings 14:10 = II Chronicles 25:19.—Masoretic Text appar. requires intrans. or reflex. meaning, lift oneself up, in following, text doubtful in all: Hosea 13:1 read perhaps נָשִׂיא Oort Wellhausen compare Nowack; Nahum 1:5 Nowack (after Bi) וַתֵּשָׁא (read וַתֵּ֫שֶׁא? √ שׁאה); Psalms 89:10 read שְׁאוֹן Bi Ri Cheyne; Habakkuk 1:3 יִשָּׂא queried by Wellhausen Gratz Buhl al., compare Gunkel^{Schöpfung 33}.

Bear, carry:

literally, a load or burden (usually direct object) Genesis 37:25; Genesis 44:1 (both J), Genesis 45:23^(×2), I Samuel 10:3^(×3) Jeremiah 10:5; Jeremiah 17:21, Jeremiah 17:27 +; subj. רוּחַ Exodus 10:13 I Kings 18:12; obj. armour נֹשֵׂא כֵלִים I Samuel 14:1 + often S; weapons I Chronicles 5:18; I Chronicles 12:24 II Chronicles 14:7^(×2); Lamentations 3:27 (נ׳ עֹל figuratively), Isaiah 1:14 (figuratively, compare d below); a load of care, responsibility Deuteronomy 1:9, Deuteronomy 1:12; share a burden with נ׳ אֶת־ Exodus 18:22 (E; no direct object); with ב׳, יִשָּׂא בְשִׂיחִי מִשְׁכָּבִי Job 7:13 my bed shall carry at (help carry) my grief, Numbers 11:17; take up and carry (idolatrous images) Amos 5:26 Isaiah 46:7; bear ephod, I Samuel 2:28; I Samuel 14:3 + v I Samuel 14:18 (Septuagint), I Samuel 22:18 (see Driver in Hast^{Dict. Bib. 726}); in triumph Isaiah 8:4.

especially bear guilt, or punishment Genesis 4:13 (J, עֲוֹנִי), often Ez HP: †נ׳ עָוֹן Leviticus 5:1, Leviticus 5:17; Leviticus 7:18 Numbers 5:31; Numbers 14:34, compare Numbers 15:31 (all P), Leviticus 17:16; Leviticus 19:8; Leviticus 20:17, Leviticus 20:19 Ezekiel 14:10; Ezekiel 44:12 (compare Hiph. Leviticus 22:16); נ׳ חֵטְא Leviticus 20:20; Leviticus 24:15 Numbers 9:13, compare Ezekiel 23:49; compare נ׳ כְּלִמָּה Ezekiel 16:52^(×2), נ׳ עֹנֶשׁ Proverbs 19:19, נ׳ absolute Proverbs 9:12; נ׳ עֲוֹן … = be responsible for Exodus 28:38 Numbers 18:1^(×2) compare v Numbers 18:23; incur guilt Exodus 28:43; = bear guilt for others Leviticus 10:17; Leviticus 16:22 (of goat), Numbers 30:16 (all P), Ezekiel 4:4, Ezekiel 4:5, Ezekiel 4:6, compare נ׳ זְנוּתֵיכֶם Numbers 14:33; נ׳ חֵטְא Isaiah 53:12, compare נ׳ חֳלָיֵנוּ v Isaiah 53:4; also נ׳ בַּעֲוֹן … bear at (share in), Ezekiel 18:19, Ezekiel 18:20^(×2).

support, sustain, on (על) wings Exodus 19:4 Deuteronomy 32:11 Psalms 91:12 (all figuratively); land could not support them Genesis 13:6, Genesis 36:7.

endure Jeremiah 15:15; Jeremiah 31:19 Ezekiel 36:6 Job 34:31 Psalms 69:8; Psalms 88:16 Proverbs 18:14; Proverbs 30:21; suffer, bear with, permit Job 21:3.

bear, carry, וַיִּשָּׂא מֵאֵת פָּנָיו אֲלֵהֶם Genesis 43:34 and they (indef.) carried portions from his presence unto them; carry gifts as tribute II Samuel 8:2, II Samuel 8:6; later, bring an offering Psalms 96:8 = I Chronicles 16:29, Ezekiel 20:31 (Septuagint Co בראשׁית; Toy following Masoretic Text).

carry = contain, hold: bath to hold 1/10 homer Ezekiel 45:11.

bear fruit, of tree Haggai 2:19 Joel 2:22, figuratively Ezekiel 36:8; boughs Ezekiel 17:23 (in figuratively); produce, yield, of mountains Job 40:20 Psalms 72:3 (both c. לְ for).

Take, take away:

literally c. מִן I Samuel 17:34 Numbers 16:15 (unjustly).

take away, carry off, Judges 21:23 I Kings 15:22 = II Chronicles 16:6, I Kings 18:12 Lamentations 5:13 Micah 2:2 Jeremiah 49:29 (ל person), Isaiah 40:24; Isaiah 41:16 +; take away head (מֵעַל person) Genesis 40:19 (see above); sweep away = destroy Job 32:22 (compare Niph. 4); life II Samuel 14:14.

take away, guilt, iniquity, transgression, etc., that is forgive, † with a direct object Genesis 50:17, Exodus 32:32, Exodus 10:17; Exodus 34:7, Numbers 14:18, I Samuel 15:25 Hosea 14:3 Job 7:21 (‖ הֶעֱבִיר עָוֹן), Psalms 32:5; + ל person Micah 7:18; ל person, direct object om., Genesis 18:24, Genesis 18:26, Numbers 14:19 (JE; ‖ סלח עָוֹן), Hosea 1:6 Isaiah 2:9 (probably gloss.), Psalms 99:8; c. ל of sin Genesis 50:17 Exodus 23:21 Joshua 24:19 (both E), I Samuel 25:28 Psalms 25:18; נְשֻׂא עָוֹן Isaiah 33:24; נְשׂוּי־פֶּשַׁע Psalms 32:1. [in this sense נ׳ used in E; סלח in D P; both in J; נ׳ also in early proph., S. and Jb, and in earlier and latest ψψ; not in Je K Isaiah 2 La Chr Dn, which use סלח; see Br^{Hex. 155}.]

take as wife (usually c. לְ for), late: Ezra 9:2, Ezra 9:12; Ezra 10:44 Nehemiah 13:25 II Chronicles 11:21; II Chronicles 13:21; II Chronicles 24:3 Ruth 1:4.

take an enumeration, usually c. רֹאשׂ sum Exodus 30:12 Numbers 1:2, Numbers 1:49; Numbers 4:2, Numbers 4:22; Numbers 26:2; Numbers 31:26, Numbers 31:49 (all P); c. מִסְפָּר Numbers 3:40 I Chronicles 27:23.

take and carry away, receive, Deuteronomy 33:3 I Kings 5:23 Psalms 24:5; hence, obtain favour (חֶסֶד, חֵן) Esther 2:9, Esther 2:17 (both + לִפְנֵי), Esther 5:2 (+ בְּעֵינָיו).—לְמַשְׂאוֹת אוֹתָהּ מִשָּׁרָשֶׁיהָ Ezekiel 17:9 (Co Berthol לְיוֹם שְׂאֵת וגו׳) is usually rendered plucking it up (tearing it away) by the roots, but doubtful; נ׳ not elsewhere in this sense.

past (עבר) נִשָּׂא Jeremiah 51:9, וְנ׳ consec. Exodus 25:28 +; future (עתיד) יִנָּשֵׂא Isaiah 40:4; 3rd masculine plural יִנָּֽשְׂאוּ Ezekiel 1:19, Ezekiel 1:20, Ezekiel 1:21, יִנָּשׂוּא Jeremiah 10:5, יִנָּשֵׂ֑אוּ Proverbs 30:13; Proverbs 30:3 fpl. תִּנָּשֶׂאנָה Isaiah 49:22, etc.; imperative (ציווי) הִנָּשֵׂא Psalms 7:7; Psalms 94:2, mpl. הִנָּֽשְׂאוּ Psalms 24:7; infinitive (מקור) הִנָּשֵׂא Ezekiel 1:19, with suffix הִנָּֽשְׂאָם Ezekiel 1:21; participle (בינוני) נִשָּׂא Isaiah 2:2 +, f. נִשָּׂאָה Isaiah 30:25, נִשֵּׂאת Zechariah 5:7 I Chronicles 14:2, etc.;—II Samuel 19:43 is doubtful, and pt. (Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 192 c Konig^{i 632 f.}) inexplicable; read נִשּׂא (infinitive (מקור) absolute Niph.) Driver (compare Th), or מַשְׂאֵת portion Gratz HPS; > Barth^{NB 90} thinks נִשֵּׂאת infinitive (מקור) Niph. with compensative ending;—

be lifted up,

literally Zechariah 5:7 Ezekiel 1:19, Ezekiel 1:21 (both מֵעַל הָאָרֶץ), v Ezekiel 1:19, Ezekiel 1:20, Ezekiel 1:21 (all in vision), of valleys Isaiah 40:4; of gates Psalms 24:7 + v Psalms 24:9 (read Niph.); of eyelids Proverbs 30:13 (superciliousness); metaphorically of judment on Babylon reaching up to the sky (עַד); pt. = elevated, exalted Isaiah 6:1 (of י׳’s throne, in vision); of lofty hills Isaiah 2:14; Isaiah 30:25; Isaiah 57:7, compare Micah 4:1 = Isaiah 2:2 (מִן, lifted from out the hills), once of trees Isaiah 2:13 (text doubtful); generally, Isaiah 2:12.

figuratively, be exalted, of kg., II Chronicles 32:23, kingdom I Chronicles 14:2, servant of י׳ Isaiah 52:13, י׳ himself Isaiah 57:15.

refl. lift oneself up = rise up, of י׳, to display power in judgment: Isaiah 33:10 Psalms 94:2.

be borne, carried Jeremiah 10:5 Exodus 25:28, Isaiah 49:22; Isaiah 66:12.

be taken away carried off, II Kings 20:17 (ה location) = Isaiah 39:6; be swept away (of multitude) Daniel 11:12 (compare Bev Behrm, Prince, see also Qal 3; Ewald Hitzig as 2, see Driver).

past (עבר) נִשֵּׂא II Samuel 5:12, נִשָּׂא (anal. of ל׳ ה) II Samuel 19:43 I Kings 9:11, וְנִשָּׂא consec. Amos 4:2, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix וַיְנַשְּׂאֵ֫הוּ Esther 3:1, וַיְנַשְּׂאֵם Isaiah 63:9; 3rd masculine plural with suffix יְנַשְּׂאוּהוּ Ezra 1:4; imperative (ציווי) ms. with suffix נַשְּׂאֵם Psalms 28:9; participle (בינוני) plural מְנַשְּׂאִים Jeremiah 22:27 + 2 times;—

lift up = exalt, kingdom II Samuel 5:12 (‖ Niph. I Chronicles 14:2), person Esther 5:11 (עַל), compare Esther 3:1; = support, aid, assist Ezra 8:36 Esther 9:3; c. ב aid with trees (supply with) I Kings 9:11, so Ezra 1:4.

figuratively נ׳ נֶפֶשׁ = desire, long, Jeremiah 22:27; Jeremiah 44:14.

carry, bear continuously Isaiah 63:9, Psalms 28:9.

take, take away II Samuel 19:43 (ל for; but see Niph. above); Amos 4:2 (ב instr.; Wellhausen Nowack וְנָֽשְׂאוּ).—

future (עתיד) יִתְנַשָּׂ֑א Numbers 23:24; 3rd feminine singular תִּנַּשֵּׂא Numbers 24:7; 2nd masculine singular תִּתְנַשֵּׂא Ezekiel 29:15; 3rd masculine plural יִנַּשְּׂאוּ Daniel 11:14; 2nd masculine plural תִּתְנַשְּׂאוּ Numbers 16:3; infinitive (מקור) הִתְנַשֵּׂא Ezekiel 17:14 Proverbs 30:32; participle (בינוני) מִתְנַשֵּׂא I Kings 1:5 I Chronicles 29:11;—lift oneself up, like a lion Numbers 23:24; pt. he who exalts himself I Chronicles 29:11 (+ לְכֹל לְרֹאשׁ) as human ruler (Kau), > (sc. אַתָּה) of י׳ as ruler; Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 160 e Ke Be as noun [inf. of Aramaic form], the exaltation; of a kingdom Numbers 24:7, compare Ezekiel 17:14; in arrogance I Kings 1:5 Numbers 16:3 (P; c. עַל־), Ezekiel 29:15 (c. עַל), Proverbs 30:32 Daniel 11:14.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular consec.

cause one to bear iniquity (2 direct object) וְהִשִּׂ֫יאוּ Leviticus 22:16.

appar. cause to bring, have brought, וְהִשִּׂיאוּ II Samuel 17:13 (with a direct object rei + אֶל location), but very doubtful; Ki Kittel Budde וְיָשִׂימוּ; HPS וְהֵבִיאוּ; > Wellhausen הֵשִׂימוּ.

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נָשִׂיא

noun (masc.) one lifted up, that is a chief prince;—absolute נ׳ Ezekiel 22:27 +; construct נְשִׂיא Genesis 23:6 +; plural נְשִׂיאִים Joshua 22:32 +, נְשִׂאִים Exodus 34:31 + 7 times, נְשִׂיאִם Genesis 17:20 + 3 times, נְשִׂאִם Exodus 35:27; construct נְשִׂיאֵי Exodus 16:22 +; with suffix נְשִׂיאַי Ezekiel 45:8, נְשִׂיאֶיהָ Ezekiel 32:29, נְשִׂיאֵיהֶם Numbers 17:21, נְשִׂיאֵהֶם v Ezekiel 32:17, etc.—mostly in Isr.:

נ׳ בְּעַמְּךָ of any chief man, Exodus 22:27 (E; human ruler, over ag. אֱלֹהִים).

of Solom. I Kings 11:34. Elsewhere only Ez P Chr:—

of Abr. Genesis 23:6, of Ishmaelites Genesis 17:20; Genesis 25:16, of Hittites Genesis 34:2.

rulers of the congregation, נְשִׂיאֵי הָעֵדָה Ezekiel 16:22 Joshua 9:15, Joshua 9:18; Joshua 22:30, הַנּ׳ בָּעֵדָה Ezekiel 34:31, compare 35:27 Leviticus 4:22 Joshua 9:18, Joshua 9:19, Joshua 9:21^(×2); Joshua 17:4; Joshua 22:14^(×3), Joshua 22:32 (all P); especially

tribal chiefs and representatives, according to the religious organization of P, Numbers 1:16, Numbers 1:44 Numbers 2:3 + 57 times Nu (especially chaps. Numbers 2, Numbers 7, Numbers 34; note נְשִׂיא נְשִׂיאֵי הַלִּוֵי Numbers 3:32); compare I Chronicles 2:10; I Chronicles 4:38; I Chronicles 5:6; I Chronicles 7:40 II Chronicles 1:2; also I Kings 8:1 (probably gloss, om. Septuagint Benz), II Chronicles 5:2.

in Ezek.:

of Zedekiah (for מֶלָךְ; see Böhmer^{SK 1900, 112 ff.}), Ezekiel 7:27; Ezekiel 12:10, Ezekiel 12:12; Ezekiel 21:30, + Ezekiel 19:1 (read singular Septuagint Ewald Hitzig Co Berthol Toy).

chief men of Judah Ezekiel 21:17; Ezekiel 22:6; Ezekiel 45:8, Ezekiel 45:9.

future Davidic kg. Ezekiel 34:24; Ezekiel 37:25, compare Ezekiel 44:3^(×2) + 16 times Ezekiel 45, Ezekiel 46, Ezekiel 48.

foreign princes Ezekiel 26:16; Ezekiel 27:21; Ezekiel 30:13; Ezekiel 32:29; Ezekiel 38:2, Ezekiel 38:3; Ezekiel 39:1, Ezekiel 39:18.

leader of exiles returning under Cyrus, according to Ezra 1:8.

non-Isr. chiefs in P: Genesis 34:2 Numbers 25:18 Joshua 13:21.

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נָשִׂיא²

n.[m.] rising mist, vapour (Arabic نَشْءٌ, نَشِىٌٔ );—only plural נְשִׂאִים vapours, forming clouds, and portending rain, Jeremiah 10:13 = Jeremiah 51:16, Psalms 135:7, נְשִׂיאִים Proverbs 25:14.

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נָשָׁא

verb lend on interest or usury, be a creditor (compare Arabic نَسَأَ postpone, delay; sell on credit; ‖ form of I. נָשָׁה, see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 75 oo);—

participle (בינוני) active נֹשֶׁא (anal. ל׳ ה) I Samuel 22:2 every man that had a creditor; אֲשֶׁר נשֶׁא בוֹ Isaiah 24:2 against whom is a creditor, and plural נֹשְׁאִים Nehemiah 5:7 Kt (נֹשִׁים Qr, from נָשָׁה), + direct object cogn. מַשָּׁא.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular לֹא־יַשִּׁיא אוֹיֵב בּוֹ Psalms 89:23 an enemy shall not act the creditor against him, make exactions of him (‖ יְעַנֶּנּוּ).—I Kings 8:31 II Chronicles 6:22 see נשׂא Qal 1 b (5).

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נָשָׁא²

verb only Niph.Hiph. beguile, deceive;—(kindred with I. שׁוא, from which, however, the forms can hardly be derived (conjunction Wellhausen^{Comp 2. 351}));—

past (עבר) 3rd plural נִשְּׁאוּ Isaiah 19:13 the princes have been beguiled (‖ נוֹאֲלוּ, הִתְעוּ).

past (עבר) הִשִּׁיא Jeremiah 49:16, with suffix הִשִּׁאַ֫נִי Genesis 3:13, הִשִּׁיאֶ֑ךָ Obadiah 1:3; 2nd masculine singular הִשֵּׁאתָ Jeremiah 4:10; 3rd plural with suffix הִשִּׁיא֫וּךָ Obadiah 1:7; future (עתיד) only juss. יַשִּׁיא II Chronicles 32:15, so Psalms 55:16 Qr (see below); יַשִּׁ(י)א II Kings 18:29 Isaiah 36:14, with suffix יַשִּׁאֲךָ II Kings 19:10 Isaiah 37:10; 2nd masculine plural תַּשִּׁאוּ Jeremiah 37:9; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַשֵּׁא Jeremiah 4:10;—beguile, usually with a direct object person Genesis 3:13 (J; not elsewhere Hex); Jeremiah 49:16 Obadiah 1:3, Obadiah 1:7; אַל־יַשִּׁאֲךָ II Kings 19:10 let not thy God beguile thee = Isaiah 37:10, of Hezekiah II Chronicles 32:15 (compare below), אַל־תַּשִּׁאוּ נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם Jeremiah 37:9 do not deceive yourselves; also followed by ל person אַל־יַשִּׁא לָכֶם II Kings 18:29 = Isaiah 36:14 (= II Chronicles 32:15, see above), Jeremiah 29:8; הַשֵּׁא הִשֵּׁאתָ לָעָם הַזֶּה Jeremiah 4:10 thou hast utterly beguiled this people; ישׁימות עָלֵימוֹ Psalms 55:16 Kt appar. = desolations (be) upon them! (but elsewhere only in n.pr.location, compare p. 445 above), < Qr יַשִּׁיא מָוֶת עלימו Ewald Olshausen Pe De Nowack^Hup, compare Septuagint, let death (beguile them, that is) come deceitfully upon them! Brüll Cheyne, compare Bae, conjunction plausibly יַשִּׁיא מָוֶת יִבְלָעֵמוֹ.

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נָשָׁא³

forget, see II. נָשָׁה.

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נָשַׁב

verb blow (Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Targum נְשַׁב (but also נְתַב), Syriac ܢܫܰܒ, all blow; ‖ form of נָשַׁף);—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular רוּחַ י׳ נָֽשְׁבָה בּוֹ Isaiah 40:7 the breath of י׳ has blown upon it.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַשֵּׁב רוּחַ Psalms 147:18 he causes his wind to blow; וַיַּשֵּׁב אֹתָם Genesis 15:11 and he drove them away (perhaps orig. blow away, drive away by blowing, or by a sound like blowing).

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נָשָׁה

verb lend, become a creditor (compare I. נשׁא);—

past (עבר) 1st singular נָשִׁ֫יתִי Jeremiah 15:10; 3rd plural נָשׁוּ v Jeremiah 15:10; participle (בינוני) נֹשֶׁה Exodus 22:24 + 4 times; plural נֹשִׁים Nehemiah 5:10, Nehemiah 5:11 + v Nehemiah 5:7 Qr (Kt נֹשְׁאִים, see I. נשׁא), with suffix נוֹשַׁי Isaiah 50:1;—lend, usually c. ב person: לֹא־נָשִׁיתִי וְלֹא־נָשׁוּ־בִי Jeremiah 15:10 I have not lent, and they have not lent to me, Deuteronomy 24:11 Nehemiah 5:7 (Qr; + direct object cogn.), v Nehemiah 5:10, Nehemiah 5:11 (both + direct object rei); pt. as noun creditor, usurer Exodus 22:24, II Kings 4:1 Isaiah 24:2; Isaiah 50:1 Psalms 109:11.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַשֶּׁה בְּ Deuteronomy 15:2 who lendeth to his neighbour; 2nd masculine singular תַּשֶּׁה בְּ Deuteronomy 24:10 when thou lendest to thy neighbour (+ direct object cogn.).

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נָשָׁה²

verb forget (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Assyrian nišîtu perhaps forgottenness Delitzsch^{HWB 486}; Aramaic נְשָׁא (especially Ithpe., Aph.), ܢܫܳܐ forget; Arabic نَسِىَ forget, neglect; compare Ethiopic ናሕሰየ ignoscere, condonare, indulgere Dillmann ⁶³³);—

past (עבר) 1st singular וְנָשִׁיתִי אֶתְכֶם נָשֹׁא Jeremiah 23:39 I will forget you finally (but Septuagint Vulgate Peshitta Cheyne Gie וְנָשָׂאתִי, followed by וְנָטַשְׁתִּי as v Jeremiah 23:33, see iii. מַשָּׂא); נָשִׁיתִי טוֹבָה Lamentations 3:17 I have forgotten prosperity; future (עתיד) 1st singular הַאֶשֶּׁה shall I forget? that is overlook, read by Wellhausen Micah 6:10 plausibly for Masoretic Text הַאִשׁ; infinitive (מקור) absolute נָשֹׁא (ל׳ א) Jeremiah 23:39 (see above).

future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular with suffix תִּנָּשֵׁנִי Isaiah 44:21 thou shalt not be forgotten of me, bu doubtful; Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 117 x תִּנְשֵׁנִי (Qal); Cheyne^Haupt. תִּטְּשֵׁנִי (compare Deuteronomy 32:15).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular with suffix נַשַּׁ֫נִי Genesis 41:51 God hath made me forget + direct object rei (—ַin 1st syllable only here, infl. of מְנַשֶּׁה Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 52 m).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular with suffix הִשָּׁהּ חָכְמָה Job 39:17 God caused her (the ostrich) to forget wisdom, that is did not endow her with it. future (עתיד) יַשֶּׁה לְךָ מִן־ Job 11:6 Eloah allows a part of thy guilt to be forgotten thee, that is does not reckon it to thee in full (Septuagint = יִשְׁוֶה לְךָ מֵאֱלוֹהַּ כַּעֲוֹנֶ֑ךָ [Duhm] there is equivalent to thee from Eloah, according to thine iniquity, compare Bi Cheyne ^{Job and Sol.}; Budde reads נָשָׁה for יַשֶּׁה; Duhm rejects ver. as gloss).

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נְשִׁיָּה

noun (fem.) forgetfulness, oblivion, אֶרֶץ נ׳ Psalms 88:13 (‖ חֹשֶׁךְ), designation of שְׁאוֹל (compare v Psalms 88:11, Psalms 88:12).

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נָשַׁךְ

verb bite (Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew, but also transp. נְכַשׁ Hiph.); Assyrian našâku Delitzsch^{HWB 486}; Targum נְכֵית (especially of snakes); Syriac ܢܟܰܬ, ܢܟܶܬ; Ethiopic ነሰከ Dillmann ⁶⁴²; Barth^{ZMG xliii (1889), 188} cp. Arabic نَكَثَ, undo threads, untwist rope, disintegrate, dissolve);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נָשַׁךְ Numbers 21:9, with suffix וּנְשָׁכוֹ consec. Amos 5:19, וּנְשָׁכָם consec. Amos 9:3; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשֹּׁךְ Ecclesiastes 10:11, יִשֹּׁ֑ךְ Proverbs 23:32, with suffix יִשְּׁכֶנּוּ Ecclesiastes 10:8; participle (בינוני) active נֹשֵׁךְ Genesis 49:17; plural נֹשְׁכִים Micah 3:5, with suffix נֹשְׁכֶיךָ Habakkuk 2:7; passive נָשׁוּךְ Numbers 21:8;—bite, chiefly of serpent, with a direct object, Amos 5:19; Amos 9:3 Genesis 49:17 (poem in J), Numbers 21:8 (pt. passive, absolute), v Numbers 21:9, Ecclesiastes 10:8 also v Ecclesiastes 10:11 (absolute), Proverbs 23:32 (sim. of wine); figuratively of prophets הַנּ׳ בְּשִׁנֵּיהֶם Micah 3:5 who are biting with their teeth, and crying, Peace! figuratively of oppression, etc., נֹשְׁכֶיךָ Habakkuk 2:7 (with play on sense thy debtors, those that give thee interest).

past (עבר) 3rd plural וְנִשְּׁכוּ אֶתְכֶם Jeremiah 8:17 and they shall bite you fatally (figuratively); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural וַיְנַשְּׁכוּ אֶת־הָעָם Numbers 21:6 and they bit the people fatally (both of serpents).

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נֶ֫שֶׁךְ

n.[m.] interest, usury (literally something bitten off);—נ׳ absolute Exodus 22:24 +; construct Deuteronomy 23:20;—c. שִׂים עַל־ Exodus 22:24; c. לָקַח מִן Leviticus 25:36, הֵשִׁיב מִן Ezekiel 18:17, לָקַח Ezekiel 22:12 (no preposition), בְּנֶשֶׁךְ Leviticus 25:37 at interest, so Psalms 15:5 Ezekiel 18:8, Ezekiel 18:13; בְּנ׳ Proverbs 28:8 by usury; as direct object cogn. Deuteronomy 23:20^(×3).

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נָשַׁךְ²

verb denom. pay, give interest (compare Gerber^{Verba. denom. 89});—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשָּׁ֑ךְ Deuteronomy 23:20 interest of anything off which one giveth interest (compare Driver).

make one give interest; future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular תָּשִּׁיךְ Deuteronomy 23:20 (+ direct object cogn.) v Deuteronomy 23:21^(×2), all c. לְ person

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נִשְׁכָּה

noun (fem.) chamber (rare ‖ of לִשְׁכָּה, q.see; compare W^{SG 67});—absolute נ׳ Nehemiah 13:7, with suffix נִשְׁכָּתוֹ Nehemiah 3:30, both rooms of individuals; plural absolute נְשָׁכוֹת Nehemiah 12:44 treasuries, storehouses.

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נָשַׁל

verb

intrans. slip or drop off; also trans.:

draw off.

clear away (Mishnaic Hebrew נָשַׁל probably intrans., Qal not used, but n. נְשִׁילָה a falling off, etc.; Pi. Hiph. cast off, let fall off, Niph. be cast off, fall off; Targum Aph. אַשֵּׁיל cast out (from house); Arabic نَسَلَ excidit pluma etc.; but also trans., avis mutavit rejecitque plumas (Freytag);—نَشَلَ celeriter extraxit, etc., is denom. from loan-word according to Frä ⁸⁸);—

past (עבר) וְנָשַׁל consec. Deuteronomy 7:1 + 2 times; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשַּׁל Deuteronomy 28:40; imperative (ציווי) ms. שַׁל Exodus 3:5 Joshua 5:15;—

slip or drop off, וְנָשַׁל הַבַּרְזֶל מִן־הָעֵץ Deuteronomy 19:5 and the iron slippeth off from the wood (that is axe-head from helve); יִשַּׁל זֵיתֶ֑ךָ Deuteronomy 28:40 thine olives shall drop off (absolute).

draw off sandal from (מֵעַל) foot Exodus 3:5, Joshua 5:15.

clear away nations מִפָּנֶיךָ Deuteronomy 7:1, Deuteronomy 7:22.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיְנַשֵּׁל II Kings 16:6 he cleared the Jews entirely out of (מִן) Elath.

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נְשָׁמָה

noun (fem.) breath;—נ׳ Deuteronomy 20:16 + 9 times; construct נִשְׁמַת (compare Lagarde^{BN 82}) Genesis 2:7 + 10 times; with suffix נִשְׁמָתִי Job 27:3; נִשְׁמָתוֹ Job 34:14; plural נְשָׁמוֹת Isaiah 57:16;—

breath of God as hot wind kindling a flame Isaiah 30:33; as destroying wind II Samuel 22:16 = Psalms 18:16, Job 4:9; as cold wind producing ice Job 37:10; as creative, giving breath to man Job 32:8; Job 33:4.

breath of man I Kings 17:17 Isaiah 42:5 Job 27:3 Daniel 10:17; breath of life נשׁמת חיים Genesis 2:7; compare נִשְׁמַת רוּחַ חַיִּים Genesis 7:22; as breathed in by God it is God’s breath in man Job 33:4; Job 34:14; and is characteristic of man אדם אשׁר נשׁמה באפו Isaiah 2:22 man in whose nostrils is but a breath (gloss).

syn. of נֶפֶשׁ in נפשׁ כָּל־נְשָׁמָה every breathing thing Deuteronomy 20:16 Joshua 11:11, Joshua 11:14 I Kings 15:29; כָּל־הַנְּשָׁמָה Joshua 10:40 Psalms 150:6; נְשָׁמוֹת Isaiah 57:16.

spirit of man, ‖ רוּחַ, נֵר י׳ נ׳ אָדָם Proverbs 20:27 the spirit of man is a lamp of י׳; compare Job 26:4.

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נָשַׁף

verb blow (Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Chr-Pal.-Aramaic ܢܫܦ Schwally^{Idiot. 58}; Arabic نَسَفَ (vulg.) the same (Dozy ^{ii. 667}; on usually meaning compare Wetzstein^{ZPV xiv. 7}); ‖ form of נשׁב, compare Jen^{ZA iv (1889), 268});—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נ׳ בָּהֶם Isaiah 40:24 he hath blown upon them (of י׳ under figuratively of wind); 2nd masculine singular נָשַׁפְתָּ בְרוּחֲךָ Exodus 15:10 (song).

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נֶ֫שֶׁף

noun (masc.) twilight (proposes twilight-breeze, compare לְרוּחַ הַיּוֹם Genesis 3:8; Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Targum נְשַׁף, נִשְׁפָּא);—נ׳ absolute I Samuel 30:17 +, נָ֑שֶׁף Jeremiah 13:16; construct Isaiah 21:4; with suffix נִשְׁפּוֹ Job 3:9;—

evening twilight II Kings 7:5, II Kings 7:7 (compare לַיְלָה v II Kings 7:12); opposite בֹּקֶר Isaiah 5:11; time of concealment Job 24:15 Proverbs 7:9 (+ עֶרֶב יוֹם, אִישׁוֹן לַיְלָה וַאֲפֵלָה, to emphasize sin that shuns the day); of refreshing Isaiah 21:4 (נ׳ חִשְׁקִי); of stumbling, in dim light Isaiah 59:10 (opposite צָהֳרַיִם), so הָרֵי נָ֑שֶׁף Jeremiah 13:16 (both figuratively); כּוֹכְבֵי נִשְׁפּוֹ Job 3:9 the stars of its twilight (that is of night of Job’s birth).—so מֵהַנּ׳ וְעַד־הָעֶרֶב לְמָחֳרָתָם I Samuel 30:17 Klostermann Kittel HPS (read לְהַחֲרִמָם for לְמָח׳, Wellhausen Kittel Budde); Th, after Luth, sub 2, so Buhl ^Lex Siegfried-Stade; Löhr allows either.

morning twilight Job 7:4 (opposite עֶרֶב), appar. also Psalms 119:147.

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נָשַׁק

verb kiss (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Assyrian našâku, Targum נְשֵׁיק, נְשַׁק, Syriac ܢܫܰܩ, kiss (orig. smell [نَشِقَ] according to Lagarde^{Nov. Psalt. Spec. 24 f.}): Arabic نَسَقَ is fasten together, arrange in order, Ethiopic ንሱቅ pt. ordine dispositus, apte sertus Dillmann ⁶⁴¹, poss. akin to II. נשׁק);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נ׳ I Kings 19:18 II Samuel 15:5; 3rd feminine singular נָֽשְׁקָה Proverbs 7:13; 3rd plural נָשָׁ֑קוּ Psalms 85:11; future (עתיד) יִשַּׁק Genesis 41:40, וַיִּשַּׁק Genesis 27:27 +; with suffix יִשָּׁקֵ֫נִי Song of Songs 1:2; 1st singular cohort. אֶשֳּׁקָה־ I Kings 19:20; 3rd masculine plural יִשָּׁק֑וּן Hosea 13:2, etc.; imperative (ציווי) וּשֲׁקָה Genesis 27:26; infinitive (מקור) construct נְשָׁק־ II Samuel 20:9;—kiss, usually c. לְ person: Genesis 27:26, Genesis 27:27; Genesis 29:11; Genesis 50:1 Exodus 4:27 (all J), Genesis 48:10 Exodus 18:7 (both E), II Samuel 15:5; II Samuel 14:33; II Samuel 19:40; II Samuel 20:9 I Kings 19:20 Proverbs 7:13 Ruth 1:9, Ruth 1:14; so of idol-worship I Kings 19:18 (compare Wellhausen^{Skizzen iii. 105; Heid. 109}), compare וַתִּשַּׁק יָדִי לְפִי Job 31:27 and my hand hath kissed my mouth; rarely with a direct object person I Samuel 20:41 (אִישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵהוּ), with suffix person I Samuel 10:1 Song of Songs 1:2 (+ מִנְּשִׁיקוֹת), Song of Songs 8:1, also Genesis 33:4 וַיִּשָּׁקֵהוּ (J; Holz E; wd. suspicious, Dillmann rejects); עֲגָלִים יִשּׁ׳ Hosea 13:2 calves do they kiss; שְׂפָתַיִם יִשָּׁ֑ק Proverbs 24:26 lips he kisses; absolute Psalms 85:11 (figuratively, recipr.).—עַל־פִּיךָ יִשַּׁק Genesis 41:40 is doubtful, Dillmann ‘to thy mouth all my people shall yield’ (fit, adapt themselves, compare Arabic √), so Kau Buhl^Lex, but this meaning uncertain, and text perhaps corrupt, see Dillmann Holz).

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיְנַשֵּׁק Genesis 32:1; Genesis 45:15, וַיְנַשֶּׁק־ Genesis 29:13; imperative (ציווי) mpl. נַשְּׁקוּ־ Psalms 2:12; infinitive (מקור) construct נַשֵּׁק Genesis 31:28;—kiss = Qal: c. לְ person Genesis 29:13, Genesis 31:28; Genesis 32:1; Genesis 45:15 (all E); נַשְּׁקוּ־בַר Psalms 2:12 is doubtful, compare i. בַּר p. 135 a above

participle (בינוני) מַשִּׁיקוֹת Ezekiel 3:13 of wings of cherubim, gently touching each other (c. אֶל־).

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נָשַׁק²

verb exact meaning uncertain; probably either handle, or be equipped with (compare perhaps Arabic نَسَقَ, etc., sub I. נשׁק);—only

participle (בינוני) plural construct נֹשְׁקֵי:—נ׳ קֶשֶׁת I Chronicles 12:2 equipped with the bow, so II Chronicles 17:17 (+ מָגֵן); נ׳ רוֹמֵי קֶשֶׁת Psalms 78:9 is difficult, ר׳ appos. of נ׳ according to Hup-Nowack Bae al. (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 130 e); del. רוֹמֵי as explan. gloss Hup Hitzig Cheyne Kau; del. ver. as gloss Hup Kau Bae.

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נֶ֫שֶׁק

n.[m.] equipment, weapons (coll.), armoury;—absolute נֶ֫שֶׁק Ezekiel 39:9 + 2 times, נֵ֫שֶׁק I Kings 10:25 II Chronicles 9:24, נָ֑שֶׁק II Kings 10:2 + 2 times, construct נֶ׳ Isaiah 22:8, נֵ׳ Job 20:24;—

equipment, weapons I Kings 10:25 II Kings 10:2 Isaiah 22:8 II Chronicles 9:24 Ezekiel 39:9 (generally term, following by specif.), v Ezekiel 39:10; נ׳ בַּרְזֶל Job 20:24 (‖ קֶשֶׁת נְחשֶׁת); יוֹם נָ֑שֶׁק Psalms 140:8 that is day of battle; so נ׳ alone Job 39:21.

appar. armoury Nehemiah 3:19.

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נֶשֶׁר

noun (masc.) ^{Deuteronomy 32:11} griffon-vulture, eagle (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Assyrian našru; Targum נִשְׁרָא; Syriac ܢܶܫܪܳܐ; Arabic نَسْرٌ vulture (Lane ²⁷⁸⁰), vulg. نِسْرٌ; Ethiopic ንስር Dillmann ⁶⁴¹; Sab. נסר n.pr. dei, and ביתן נסר DHM^{ZMG xxix (1875), 600; xxxvii (1883), 356});—absolute נ׳ Hosea 8:1 +; נָ֑שֶׁר Deuteronomy 28:49 +; plural נְשָׁרִים II Samuel 1:23 +, construct נִשְׁרֵי Lamentations 4:19;—sometimes (perhaps not always) the griffon-vulture (Tristr^{NHB 172 ff.} Driver Deuteronomy 14:12 Nowack^{Arch. i. 84} Lane ²⁷⁸⁰), Micah 1:16 (bald, in sim.), flying swiftly to prey Habakkuk 1:8 Job 9:26, compare Proverbs 30:17 (בְּנֵי־נ׳), unclean Leviticus 11:13 Deuteronomy 14:12; soaring Job 39:27, also in sim. Proverbs 23:5 Isaiah 40:31 Obadiah 1:4, building nest high Jeremiah 49:16 (compare also Job 39:27); as swift also II Samuel 1:23, especially of Bab. and Assyrian invader Jeremiah 4:13 Lamentations 4:19, compare Hosea 8:1 Deuteronomy 28:49 Jeremiah 48:40; Jeremiah 49:22 (all in comparisons), הַנֶּשֶׁר הַגָּדוֹל Ezekiel 17:3 (figuratively of Nebuch.), v Ezekiel 17:7 (figuratively of king of Egypt); leaving no trace of flight Proverbs 30:19; as renewing youth (by moulting) Psalms 103:5; as training and supporting its young Exodus 19:4, Deuteronomy 32:11 (song); פְּנֵי נ׳ of cherubim in vision Ezekiel 1:10; Ezekiel 10:4.—Only Micah 1:16 seems to compel ref. to vulture (on eating fresh carrion by eagles see reff. in Dillmann Leviticus 11:13), and נ׳ may be a more comprehensive word, incl. both vulture and eagle.

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נָתִיב

noun (masc.) ^{Job 28:7} path, pathway (as raised);—absolute נ׳ Job 18:10 + 3 times; construct נְתִיב Psalms 119:35; with suffix 3rd feminine singular נְתִיבָהֿ Proverbs 12:28 (si vera l., see below; on om. of Mappik see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 91 e, see below);—path Job 18:10 (figuratively), Job 28:7; Job 41:24 (track); Psalms 78:50 (figuratively); נְתִיב מִצְוֹתֶיךָ Psalms 119:35 the path of thy commands; דֶּרֶךְ נְתִיבָה אַל־מָוֶת Proverbs 12:28 the journey of her pathway is no-death! (‖ בְּאֹרַח צְדָקָה חַיִּים) Ewald Be De, see אַל p. 39 a above; others read אֶל־, and eithr transl. נ׳ by-paths (Hitzig Strack), or substitute a syn. of ‘wickedness’ (compare Nowack Frankenb; Perles^{Analekten. 87 f.} נִתְעָבִים after Levy^{ChWB i. 28 b}).

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נְתִיבָה

noun (fem.) the same;—absolute נ׳ Isaiah 43:16, with suffix נְתִיבָתִי Job 30:13 + 2 times, נְתִיבָתָם Proverbs 1:15; plural absolute נְתִיבוֹת Proverbs 8:2 +; construct the same Job 38:20 +; with suffix נְתִיבֹתַי Job 19:8 Lamentations 3:9, נְתִיבֹתָיו Job 24:13, etc.;—path:

literally הֹלְכֵי נְתִיבוֹת Judges 5:6 goers on paths, that is travellers, Proverbs 8:2 Isaiah 58:12 (Oort Lagarde Klostermann נְתִיצוֹת but against this Duhm); path through sea Isaiah 43:16 (in figuratively); of path to house of (personif.) light and darkness Job 38:20.

often ‖ דֶּרֶךְ:

= course of life Job 19:8; Job 30:13 Lamentations 3:9 Psalms 119:105; Psalms 142:4, of Isr. Hosea 2:8; of path of God’s appointment Isaiah 42:16.

of moral action, and character: paths of wisdom Proverbs 3:17, justice Proverbs 8:20 (‖ אֹרַח צְדָקָה); light Job 24:13; נ׳ עוֹלָם Jeremiah 6:16 (‖ דֶּרֶךְ הַטּוֹב); path of wicked Proverbs 1:15, Isaiah 59:8 (crooked), path of adulteress Proverbs 7:25; נְתִיבוֹת Jeremiah 18:15 is rendered ‘by-paths,’ by Gf Rothst al.; < Gie makes cstr. bef. foll. דֶּרֶךְ לֹא סְלוּלָה.—נְתִיבָהֿ Proverbs 12:28 see נָתִיב.

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נָתַח

verb only Pi. cut up, cut in pieces, divide by joints (Driver I Samuel 11:7; Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Pi.; rare);—

past (עבר) נִתַּח Leviticus 8:20, וְנִתַּח consec. Leviticus 1:6, Leviticus 1:12; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיְנַתַּח I Kings 18:33, with suffix וַיְנַתְּחֵ֫הוּ I Samuel 11:7, וַיְנַתְּחֶ֫הָ Judges 19:29, etc.;—cut up, cut in pieces, with a direct object of animals I Samuel 11:7, of woman Judges 20:6 (all these to be sent about as token for assembling warriors; on signif. of the practice compare Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 383; 2nd ed. 402}); elsewhere usually + לִנְתָחִים, cut up into pieces, of woman Judges 19:29; of sacrificial animals I Kings 18:23, I Kings 18:33 (direct object only), Exodus 29:17 Leviticus 1:6, Leviticus 1:12; Leviticus 8:20 (all P).

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נֵ֫תַח

noun (masc.) ^{Ezekiel 24:4} piece of a divided carcass (Ecclus נתחים 50:12a);—absolute נ׳ Ezekiel 24:4; plural נְתָחִים Judges 19:29 + 2 times; with suffix נְתָחָיו Exodus 29:17^(×2) + 2 times, נְתָחֶ֫יהָ Leviticus 1:6 + 3 times;—usually plural pieces: of meat in a caldron (symbol. of Jerusalem) Ezekiel 24:4^(×2) (singular only v Ezekiel 24:4), v Ezekiel 6:6; of sacrif. animals Exodus 29:17 Leviticus 1:8; Leviticus 8:20; Leviticus 9:13; elsewhere לִנ׳ after verb נִתַּח (q.see): of woman Judges 19:29; Exodus 29:17 Leviticus 1:6, Leviticus 1:12; Leviticus 8:20. read נְתָחֶיהָ also Ezekiel 24:5 for Masoretic Text רתחיה Hitzig-Smend Co Berthol Toy Siegf^Kau Krae Davidson (‘poss.’).

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נָתַךְ

verb pour forth (intrans.), be poured out (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Niph. flow, Hiph. melt (trans.); Assyrian natâku, flow Delitzsch^{HWB 487} Jäger^{BAS ii. 292}; Targum Aph. pour out, especially melt; Zinj. ליתכה (Haph.) Noldeke^{ZMG xlvii (1893), 98} Cook ⁸³; Syriac ܢܬܰܟ (rare) Payne Smith (Syriac Thesaurus) ²⁴⁸⁰);—

future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תִּתַּךְ Jeremiah 42:18 + 3 times, וַתִּתַּךְ Jeremiah 44:6 Daniel 9:11; 3rd masculine plural וַיִּתְּכוּ Job 3:24;—pour forth, always figuratively, וַיִּתּ׳ כַמַּיִם שַׁאֲגֹתָ֑י Job 3:24 and my groans have poured forth like water; usually of divine wrath (חֵמָה) Jeremiah 42:18 (c. עַל־ person), Jeremiah 44:6 (absolute), II Chronicles 12:7; II Chronicles 34:25 (both c. בְּ location against); compare also Daniel 9:11 v Daniel 9:27 (both c. עַל־ person).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִתַּךְ Exodus 9:33 + 2 times; 3rd feminine singular נִתְּכָה Nahum 1:6 II Chronicles 34:21, וְנִתְּכָה consec. Ezekiel 24:11; 2nd masculine plural וְנִתַּכְתֶּם Ezekiel 22:21; participle (בינוני) f. נִתֶּ֫כֶת Jeremiah 7:20;—be poured, of rain, אָ֑רְצָה Exodus 9:33, compare נ׳ מַיִם עֲלֵיהֶם II Samuel 21:10; be poured out, of wrath of י׳ Nahum 1:6 (absolute), Jeremiah 7:20 (c. אֶל־ location), Jeremiah 42:18 (c. עַל־ person), II Chronicles 34:21 (c. בְּ person); be poured forth that is melted, annihilated in the midst of (בְּתוֹךְ) the fire of י׳’s fury Ezekiel 22:21 (subj. persons), so Ezekiel 24:11 (subj. impurity, figuratively of caldron).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine plural הִתִּיכוּ עֲבָדֶיךָ אֶת־הַכֶּסֶף II Kings 22:9 thy servants have poured out the money (‖ II Chronicles 34:12 below); 1st singular וְהִתַּכְתִּ֫י אֶתְכֶם consec. Ezekiel 22:20 and I will melt you (figuratively of judgment); infinitive (מקור) construct לְהַנְתִּיךְ Ezekiel 22:20 in order to melt it (that is metal in furnace; Co after Septuagint Peshitta reads לְהִנָּתֵךְ Niph. infinitive (מקור), so Berthol, compare Toy); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural וַיַּתִּיכוּ II Chronicles 34:17 (‖ II Kings 22:9 above); הֲלֹא כֶחָלָב תַּתִּיכֵנִי Job 10:10 dost (= didst) thou not pour me out like milk? (of beginnings of life).

future (עתיד) 2nd masculine plural כֵּן תֻּתְּכוּ Ezekiel 22:22 so shall ye be melted (figuratively of judgment).

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נָתַן

verb give, put, set (Ecclus נתן 44:19 + often; OHeb נתן־יהו n.pr.m. Lidzbarski ³²⁷; Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Phoenician יתן, נתן in n.pr. מתנת, etc., Lidzbarski ^{292, 327}; Assyrian nadânu Delitzsch^{HWB 450} (rarely ittan Id ^{ib. 488}); Zinj. נתן, also in n.pr., Lidzbarski ³²⁷ Cook ⁸⁴; Nab. future (עתיד) ינתן, and n.pr.; Palmyrene, also n.pr. Lidzbarski^l.c. Cook^l.c.; Targum future (עתיד) יִתֵּן, infinitive (מקור) מִתַּן; Sab. נתן Hal ¹⁵⁴, Liḥ n.pr. נתנבעל [North-&Sem. form] DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 80, Noldeke. 35}; Chr Pal. Aramaic ܢܬܢ (rare) Schwally^{Idiot. 58}; Syriac future (עתיד) ܢܶܬܶܠ, infinitive (מקור) ܡܶܬܰܠ Lindberg^{Vergl. Sem. Gram. 93 f.}, but Mand. נתן Noldeke^{M 52});—

past (עבר) נ׳ Genesis 24:53 +; 2nd masculine singular נָתַ֫תָּ Judges 15:18 +, נָתַ֫תָּה Genesis 3:12 +, תַּתָּה II Samuel 22:41 (defended as vulg. form with aphaer. of נ׳ by Th Gesenius ^{Lgb. 139} Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 195 b Konig^{i. 300} De Psalms 18:41 al.; < textual error for נָתַתָּה (so ‖ Psalms 18:41) Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 89 Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 127 b Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 19 i (hesitantly), Klostermann Budde Löhr HPS, compare Hup-Nowack Psalms 18:41); 2nd feminine singular נָתַתְּ Ezekiel 16:33, Ezekiel 16:36, נָתַתְּי v Ezekiel 16:18, with suffix נְתַתִּיהוּ v Ezekiel 16:19; 1st singular נָתַ֫תִּי Judges 1:2 +, etc.; future (עתיד) יִתֵּן Genesis 43:14 +, וַיִּתֵּן 15:10 +; with suffix 3rd masculine singular יִתְּנֶ֫נּוּ Leviticus 5:24 Ecclesiastes 2:21; 1st singular אֶתֵּן Genesis 12:7 +; 1st plural נִתֵּן Genesis 34:21 +, נִתַּן־ Judges 16:5, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. תֵּן II Kings 4:42 +, תֶּן־ Genesis 14:21, תְּנָה I Samuel 2:15 +, with suffix תְּנֵ֫הוּ Nehemiah 1:11 I Chronicles 21:22, תְּנֶנָּה I Samuel 21:10; fs. תְּנִי Genesis 30:14 +, תֵּ֑נִי Isaiah 43:6; mpl. תְּנוּ Genesis 34:8 +; infinitive (מקור) absolute נָתוֹן Deuteronomy 15:10 +, נָתֹן Numbers 21:2 +; construct נְתֹן Numbers 20:21, נְתָן־ Genesis 38:9, לְתִתֵּן I Kings 6:19 (but read לָתֵת so Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 224 d Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 66 i Benz), תתן also I Kings 17:14 Kt (Qr תֵּת)—> these forms retained by Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 238 c Konig^{i. 305};—תֵּת Genesis 4:12 +, especially לָתֵת Genesis 15:7 +, לָתֵת־ Judges 21:18, לָתֶת־ Exodus 5:21 (so Ginsb, van d. H. לָתֵת־, compare also Ki in Konig^{i. 304 f.}) +; with suffix תִּתִּי Genesis 29:19 +, תִּתְּךָ Deuteronomy 15:10 +, etc.; participle (בינוני) נֹתֵן Judges 21:18 +, etc.;—

give:

= give personally, deliver or hand to, with a direct object rei + ל person I Samuel 10:4; I Samuel 22:10 II Kings 22:10 Leviticus 5:16 Leviticus 22:14 Ruth 4:7 + often; in trade Proverbs 31:24; אֶל־ person Genesis 21:14, Jeremiah 3:8 Leviticus 15:14 + often; explicitly נ׳ בְּיַד Deuteronomy 24:1, Deuteronomy 24:3 (bill of divorce); with a direct object rei alone Judges 5:25.

= bestow upon, with a direct object rei + ל person Genesis 24:53 Genesis 20:16 Genesis 1:29 + often; an understanding heart I Kings 3:9, I Kings 3:12, blessing Deuteronomy 12:15, mercy Deuteronomy 13:18, compare Jeremiah 16:13; Jeremiah 42:12; strength Deuteronomy 8:18 Psalms 68:36; the sabbath Exodus 16:29 Ezekiel 20:12; = procure for (לְ) one I Samuel 17:10 I Kings 21:7; יִתֵּן לָכֶם רַחֲמִים לִפְנֵי Genesis 43:14 he will give you compassion in the eyes of the man (compare also 2 b, 3 b); give persons Genesis 46:18, Genesis 46:25; of Levites given to (לְ) Aaron and his sons Numbers 3:9 compare Numbers 8:19, to י׳ Numbers 8:16 compare Numbers 18:6 (all P); especially of י׳’s giving land to Abr. and his descendants Genesis 15:18; Genesis 26:4 Genesis 17:8 Exodus 6:8 (P; + מוֹרָשָׁה) + often (pt. in this sense 37 times Dt.), + לִרִשְׁתָּהּ Deuteronomy 3:18 +; אַל־תִּתֵּן לַנָּשִׁים תֵילֶ֑ךָ Proverbs 31:3; + מִן of source נָתַתִּי מִמֶּנָּה לְךָ בֵּן Genesis 17:16; with a direct object alone Psalms 61:6 Ecclesiastes 12:7 (רוּחַ); give something to (ל) one for (ל) sthg., in some capacity, אֶת־כָּל־אֶחָיו נ׳ לוֹ לַעֲבָדִים Genesis 27:37 +; probably also נ׳ בְּבָרוּתִי רֹאשׁ Psalms 69:22 they gave, as my food, gall (בְּ essentiae), compare above בְּ 7 c, Hup-Nowack^{ad location}; direct object + inf. נ׳־לִי לֶחֶם לֶאֱכֹל וּבֶגֶד לִלְבּשׁ Genesis 28:20, compare Exodus 16:15, Nehemiah 9:15, Nehemiah 9:20; לֹא נ׳ לָכֶם לֵב לָדַעַת וְעֵינַיִם לִרְאוֹת וְאָזְנַיִם לִשְׁמֹעַ Deuteronomy 29:3.

give woman to (ל) man as (ל) wife, Genesis 29:28, Genesis 34:8, Genesis 34:12, Joshua 15:16, Joshua 15:17, = Judges 1:12, Judges 1:13 +; without 2nd ל Genesis 29:19^(×2), Genesis 38:26 Exodus 2:21, Genesis 34:9, Genesis 34:14, Genesis 34:16, Judges 15:2, Judges 15:6 +; with a direct object alone, Genesis 29:26, I Samuel 25:44.

of (gracious) bestowals of various kinds: give = grant, send rain, גִּשְׁמֵיכֶם Leviticus 26:4, מְטַר־אַרְצְכֶם Deuteronomy 11:14, מָטָר עַל־אַרְצְךָ I Kings 8:36, etc.; also of sending plague of hail Exodus 9:23; send herbage (עֵשֶׂב) in (בְּ) your field for (לְ) your cattle Deuteronomy 11:15; grant a remnant to (לְ) Judah Jeremiah 40:11; וְנָתַתִּי לְךָ אֶת־נַפְשְׁךָ לְשָׁלָל Jeremiah 45:5 and I will grant thee thy life as spoil; grant revenge (direct object) to (לְ) the king on (מִן) Saul, etc. II Samuel 4:8, compare הָאֵל הַגֹּתֵן נְקָמוֹת לִי II Samuel 22:48 = Psalms 18:48; other gifts Judges 15:18 (בְּיַד), I Samuel 1:11 (לְ), Ruth 4:13.

grant a request, שְׁאֵלָה I Samuel 1:17, I Samuel 1:27 Esther 5:3 Psalms 106:15 (+ ל person), בַּקָּשָׁה Ezra 7:6, תַּאֲוָה Proverbs 10:24, (רָשָׁע) מַאֲוַיֵּי Psalms 140:9, תִּקְוָה Job 6:8, מִשְׁאֲלֹת לִבֶּ֑ךָ Psalms 37:4, compare יִתֵּן י׳ לָכֶם וּמְצֶאןָ מְנוּחָה Ruth 1:9.

מִי יִתֵּן who will give or grant, in expressions of wish = O that (I had! etc.; = Assyrian mannu inamdin Jäger^{BAS ii. 279}), especially (9 times) Jb.: with a direct object מִי־יִתֵּן עֶרֶב Deuteronomy 28:67 compare v Deuteronomy 28:67, Job 14:4 Psalms 14:7 = Psalms 53:7, Psalms 55:7 Jeremiah 9:1; c. 2 direct object כָּל־עַם י׳ נְבִיאִים Numbers 11:29, literally who will make all י׳’s people prophets? compare Jeremiah 8:23; with a direct object + כְּ, מִי יִתֶּנְךָ כְאָח לִי Song of Songs 8:1, compare Job 29:2; with a direct object + בְּ, אֶת־הָעָם הַזֶּה בְּיָדִי Judges 9:29 O that this people were in my charge! with a direct object + לְ Job 31:35, literally who will give to me (לִי) one hearing me? also מִי יִתְּנֵנִי Isaiah 27:4 where with suffix appar. = לִי; c. inf. מִי יִתֵּן מוּתֵנוּ Exodus 16:3, so II Samuel 19:1, מִי יִתֵּן אֱלוֹהַּ דַּבֵּר Job 11:5; c. impf. תָּבוֹא שֶׁאֱלָתִי Job 6:8 O that my request might come to pass! Job 14:13; Job 31:31; impf. + וְ Job 19:23^(×2); c. pf. יָדַעְתִּי Job 23:3 O that I knew! (+ וְאֶמְצָאֵהוּ); c. pf. consec. Deuteronomy 5:23†.

permit, with a direct object + inf., לֹא־נְתַתִּיךָ לִנְגֹּעַ אֵלֶיהָ Genesis 20:6, compare Genesis 31:7 Exodus 3:19 Numbers 20:21; Numbers 21:23 + often; om. לְ Job 9:18; c. ל person + inf. II Chronicles 20:10, also לֹא כֵן נ׳ לְךָ י׳ Deuteronomy 18:14 not thus hath י׳ permitted to thee; אִם־אֶתֵּן שְׁנָת לְעֵינָ֑י וגו׳ Psalms 132:4 Proverbs 6:4; give thyself (לְ) no rest Lamentations 2:18, give him (לְ) no rest Isaiah 62:6.

= ascribe glory, etc. (direct object) to (לְ) God I Samuel 6:5 Job 36:3, especially imv. Jeremiah 13:16 Ezra 10:11 Psalms 68:35 compare Psalms 115:1 (so הָבוּ, see יהב 4); to man I Samuel 18:8^(×2); unseemliness (תִּפְלָה) to God Job 1:22.

= apply, devote heart to seek out, direct object + inf. Ecclesiastes 1:13, Ecclesiastes 1:17; Ecclesiastes 8:9, Ecclesiastes 8:16 Daniel 10:12, נ׳ לֵב לְ Ecclesiastes 7:21 = attend to; conversely אֶת־כָּל־זֶה נָתַתִּי אֶל־לִבִּי Ecclesiastes 9:1 = all this I set before my mind, Ecclesiastes 7:2; also (with subj. diff. from ind. obj.) מָה אֱלֹהַי נֹתֵן אֶל־לִבִּי לַעֲשׂוֹת Nehemiah 2:12 compare Nehemiah 7:5.

= employ, devote money (direct object) עַל־עֲבֹדַת אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד Exodus 30:16.

give offerings, לְי׳ Numbers 18:12, תְּרוּמַת י׳ Exodus 30:15, compare give spoil to (לְ) י׳ Deuteronomy 20:14 (י׳ subj.); מִיָּֽדְךָ נָתַנּוּ לָ֑ךְ I Chronicles 29:14; offering to (לְ) idols Ezekiel 6:13; especially to Moloch Leviticus 20:2, Leviticus 20:4, to pass through fire to (ל) M Leviticus 18:21, etc.

= consecrate, dedicate to (לְ) י׳ I Samuel 1:11 Exodus 22:29.

give a sign or wonder, direct object I Kings 13:3, I Kings 13:5, + לְ person Joshua 2:12, with reflex. לְ Exodus 7:9, alm. = display, exhibit; compare נָֽתְנוּ הֲדָרֵךְ Ezekiel 27:10 they set forth, exhibit thy splendour; כִּי יִתֵּן בַּכּוֹס עֵינוֹ Proverbs 23:31 when it sheweth its sparkle in the cup.

= pay, wages (direct object, + with suffix), נ׳ שְׂכָרִי Genesis 30:18 he hath paid my hire, Exodus 2:9 Deuteronomy 24:15, compare Isaiah 61:8; + ל person Jeremiah 22:13; a price, נ׳ מִכְרָם Numbers 20:19, וַיִּתֵּן שְׂכָרָהּ Jonah 1:3, that is paid his fare, passage-money; money (as) price (מחיר) I Kings 21:2, compare נ׳ כֶּסֶף הַשָּׂדֶה Genesis 23:13; pay money for (ב) something Deuteronomy 14:26; wealth for (ב) love Song of Songs 8:7; tax or rent, with a direct object rei + ל person Genesis 47:24; fine (c. the same) Exodus 21:32 Deuteronomy 22:29, direct object om. v Deuteronomy 22:19, compare וְנָתַן בִּפְלִלִים Exodus 21:22 (v פָּלִיל), נ׳ שִׁבְתּוֹ v Exodus 21:19 (that is pay for his lost time), נ׳פִּדְיוֹן נַפְשׁוֹ v Exodus 21:30 (pay redemption-money; all E), compare וְנ׳ אִישׁ כֹּפֶר נַפְשׁוֹ לְי׳ Exodus 30:12; pay votive offering (with a direct object + ל) Leviticus 27:23; a wager (with a direct object + ל) Judges 14:12, Judges 14:13.

c. בְּ, give for (ב) money = sell, תְּנָה־לִּי אֶת־כַּרְמְךָ בְּכֶסֶף I Kings 21:6, compare Deuteronomy 2:28; Deuteronomy 14:25 I Chronicles 21:22;—נ׳ Ezekiel 27 is trading term, but sometimes connexion obscure and text doubtful: give wares for (בְ) Ezekiel 27:12 (but read probably ך for ב Septuagint Peshitta Co Berthol), v Ezekiel 27:13, Ezekiel 27:16 (del. 2nd ב), v Ezekiel 27:17, Ezekiel 27:19, Ezekiel 27:22 (compare, further, Co Berthol and especially Smend); נ׳ הַיֶּלֶד בַּוּוֹנָה Joel 4:3 (‖ מָכַר); ב instr., give בַּגּוֹרָל by lot Joshua 21:8.

give instead of, exchange for, c. תַּחַת Exodus 21:23 I Kings 21:2, I Kings 21:6 Isaiah 43:4; Isaiah 61:3, בְּעַד Job 2:4.

give, that is lend, at interest, כַּסְפּוֹ לֹא נ׳ בְּנֶשֶׁךְ Leviticus 25:37 Psalms 15:5, so (direct object om.) Ezekiel 18:8, Ezekiel 18:13.

= commit, entrust to, with a direct object + אֶל־ person Exodus 22:6, Exodus 22:9, c. ל person Song of Songs 8:11, c. בְּיַד Genesis 30:35; Genesis 39:4, Genesis 39:8, Genesis 39:22 (all J), II Samuel 10:10.

give over, deliver up, with a direct object Numbers 21:3 Judges 20:13 I Samuel 11:12 II Samuel 14:7; II Samuel 20:21 I Kings 14:16 Hosea 11:8 (‖ מִגֵּן), Micah 5:2; נ׳ בָּנָיו פְּלֵיטִים וּבְנֹתָיו בַּשְּׁבִית לְמֶלֶךְ אֱמֹרִי Numbers 21:29; + ל, נ׳ פ׳ לַמָּוֶת Psalms 118:18; + לִפְנֵי Deuteronomy 7:2, Deuteronomy 7:23; Deuteronomy 31:5 + (see Driver ^{Dt. lxxxiii, Noldeke. 52}, and see further 2 b ad fin.); especially נ׳ בְּיַד, with a direct object, Numbers 21:34 Joshua 2:24 Deuteronomy 2:24 + often

yield produce, fruit, etc., especially of land, ground, Genesis 4:12, Leviticus 25:19; Leviticus 26:4, Leviticus 26:20 (all H), Deuteronomy 11:17 Isaiah 55:10 (+ ל person) Zechariah 8:12 Psalms 67:7; Psalms 85:13 compare Ezekiel 36:8; of tree Ezekiel 34:27 Leviticus 26:4, Leviticus 26:20 Psalms 1:3, + vine Joel 2:22, vine Zechariah 8:12; absolute root of righteous yields, יִתֵּן Proverbs 12:12 according to De Strack (doubtful; proposes to insert פְּרִי); Dy Kau Wild proposes אֵיתָן (as Psalms 74:15, etc.), compare as to sense Ewald; other conjunction see Nowack; compare Numbers 20:8 Zechariah 8:12 Song of Songs 1:12; Song of Songs 2:13; Song of Songs 7:14.

= occasion, produce, שֵׂכֶל טוֹב יִתֶּן־חֵ֑ן Proverbs 13:15 compare Proverbs 29:15, חֶרְדַּת אָדָם יִתֵּן מוֹקֵשׁ v Proverbs 29:25 trembling before man occasioneth a snare.

requite to (לְ) a man, according to (כְּ) character I Kings 8:39 = II Chronicles 6:30 Jeremiah 17:10; Jeremiah 32:19 Psalms 28:4^(×2) c. עַל־ + כְּ Ezekiel 7:9; c. עַל־ person + direct object of sin Ezekiel 7:3, Ezekiel 7:4, Ezekiel 7:8; Ezekiel 23:49 (compare 2 b).

= report, mention, וַיִּתֵּן אֶת־מִסְפַּר … אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ II Samuel 24:9 he reported the number unto the king; וָאֶתְּנָה לוֹ זְמָ֑ן Nehemiah 2:6 and I mentioned to him a time.

= utter, usually with a direct object קוֹל, utter a sound, lift up the voice: Jeremiah 4:16 (+ עַל against), Jeremiah 22:20; Jeremiah 48:34 Lamentations 2:7; in weeping, וַיִּתֵּן אֶת־קֹלוֹ בִּבְבִי Genesis 45:2, וַיִּבְכּוּ Numbers 14:1; + ל person Proverbs 2:3 (‖ לַבִּינָה תִּקְרָא); of wisdom Proverbs 1:20; Proverbs 8:1 (‖ קרא); of י׳, especially in thunder of theoph. Amos 1:2 II Samuel 22:14 (‖ יַרְעֵם), = Psalms 18:14, Jeremiah 25:30 Joel 2:11; of clouds Psalms 77:18, the deep Habakkuk 3:10; of young lion’s roaring Amos 3:4 Jeremiah 2:15; of birds Psalms 104:12; קוֹל om., נ׳ דָּוִד … לְהֹדֹת לְי׳ I Chronicles 16:7; so of י׳’s voice in thunder, לְקוֹל תִּתּוֹ Jeremiah 10:13 (sc. קוֹלוֹ) at the sound of his uttering (his voice) = Jeremiah 51:16; נ׳ בְּקוֹל Jeremiah 12:8 (+ עַל־ against), of י׳ Psalms 46:7, הֵן־יִתֵּן בְּקוֹלוֹ קוֹל עֹז Psalms 68:34; נ׳ with other words, אֹמֶר v Psalms 68:12 (of י׳); of confession, (direct object + ל person) Joshua 7:19 Ezra 10:11.

give = stretch out, extend, וַיִּתֶּן־יָד Genesis 38:28 it put out a hand; וַיִּתֵּן צַמַּרְתּוֹ אֶל־בֵּין עֲבוֹתִים (read עָבוֹת) Ezekiel 31:10, Ezekiel 31:14 and it stretched its top amid the clouds.

combinations are: יִתֵּן לְמַכֵּהוּ לֶחִ֑י Lamentations 3:30 (humiliation), compare Isaiah 50:6; וַיִּתְּנוּ כָתֵף סֹרָ֑רֶת Zechariah 7:11 (of stubbornness), so Nehemiah 9:29 (‖ עָרְפָּם הִקְשׁוּ); also וַיִּתְּנוּ עֹרֶף II Chronicles 29:6 gave, that is turned (their) back (on י׳; ‖ וַיַּסֵּבּוּ פְנֵיהֶם מִמִּשְׁכַּן י׳); of compact, תְּנָה אֶת־יָדֶ֑ךָ II Kings 10:15 compare v II Kings 10:15, so מִצְרַיִם נָתַנּוּ יָד Lamentations 5:6; of submission, נָֽתְנָה יָדָהּ Jeremiah 50:15 = she (Babyl.) hath surrendered; תְּנוּ יָד לְי׳ II Chronicles 30:8 = submit to י׳; more explicitly, נ׳ יָד תַּחַת שְׁלֹמֹה I Chronicles 29:24; נ׳ מָקוֹם לְ Judges 20:36 give place to (retire before); of sexual relation, אֶל־אֵשֶׁת … לֹא־תִתֵּן שְׁכָבְתְּךָ לְזָ֑רַע Leviticus 18:20, וַיִּתֵּן אִישׁ בָּךְ אֶת־שְׁכָבְתּוֹ Numbers 5:20, so (בְּכָל־בְּהֵמָה) Leviticus 18:23, compare Leviticus 20:15.—יִתֵּן is taken impers. = ‘es giebt,’ there is, there are, in Job 37:10 Proverbs 10:24; Proverbs 13:10 by De, citing Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 295 d, Nowack Proverbs 13:10 Strack Frankenb (in transl., doubtful in note), Bae^{Jb in Kau}; but improbable Kau Pr Dillmann Jb, so Hitzig Budde Duhm (on Job 37:10), reading יֻתַּן; compare Konig^{Synt. § 324 d β}.

Put, set, nearly = שִׂים, and sometimes ‖ with it:

literally, (especially often in Ez P); with a direct object + עַל־ on, ring on hand Genesis 41:42, compare Ezekiel 16:11, helmet on head I Samuel 17:38, also Jeremiah 27:2; Jeremiah 28:14 (in figuratively), I Kings 12:4, I Kings 12:9 (in figuratively), I Kings 18:23 (‖ שִׂים), Exodus 12:7 (direct object om.), compare Exodus 25:12, Exodus 25:26, Exodus 25:30 + often P; c. עַל־ = above Exodus 25:21; Exodus 26:34, = for, נ׳ גֹּרָלֹת עַל־ Leviticus 16:8, cast lots for; = against Ezekiel 26:8; c. אֶל־ into: ark into cart I Samuel 6:8, put one in the stocks Jeremiah 29:26 (also c. עַל־ Jeremiah 20:2), in prison Jeremiah 37:18; Jeremiah 38:11, compare Exodus 25:16; Exodus 28:30; put water upon (עַל־) sthg. into (אֶל־) vessel Numbers 19:17; = toward וַיִּתֵּן פְּנֵי הַצֹּאן אֶל־עָקֹד Genesis 30:40 (J; del. Olshausen Dillmann al.); c. בְּ, cup into hand Genesis 40:13, compare Judges 7:16, also Genesis 41:48, compare I Kings 7:51, Genesis 1:17, Genesis 9:13, II Kings 19:18, Jeremiah 27:8, נ׳ בֶּעָפָר פֶּה Lamentations 3:29 (in figuratively), נָתַתִּי שִׁפְחָתִי בְּחֵיקֶ֑ךָ Genesis 16:5, וְנָתַתָּה בְאָזְנוֹ וּבַדֶּלֶת Deuteronomy 15:17 and thou shalt put (the awl) into his ear and into the door (pin his ear to the door); put disease into one Deuteronomy 7:15 (‖ שִׂים); inflict blemish (מוּם) on (בְּ), Leviticus 24:19, Leviticus 24:20; וּכְתֹבֶת קַעֲקַע לֹא תִתְּנוּ בָּכֶם Leviticus 19:28; c. בְּ + לְ, שֶׂרֶט לָנֶפֶשׁ לֹא תִתְּנוּ בִּבְשַׂרְכֶם v Leviticus 19:28 (all H); c. לִפְנֵי before, in front of, set food before one, II Kings 4:43, II Kings 4:44; compare Zechariah 3:9 Ezekiel 3:20 Exodus 30:6; Exodus 40:5, Exodus 40:6 (all P); c. בֵּין between, Exodus 30:18; Exodus 40:17; c. לְ, מִגְרָעוֹת נ׳ לַבַּיִת סָבִיב I Kings 6:6 he put ledges to the house; c. other preps. הָאִשָּׁה אֲשֶׁר נָתַתָּ עִמָּדִי Genesis 3:16, the woman whom thou hast set at my side, compare Exodus 31:6 (נ׳ אִתּוֹ; figuratively of association, assistance); c. לִקְרַאת Genesis 15:10, lay each piece to meet its fellow; he set the sea מִכֶּתֶף הַבַּיִת I Kings 7:39; c. ה location put money שָׁמָּה into it II Kings 12:10, so of water Exodus 30:18, compare Exodus 40:7 (שָׁם); c. 2 direct object נ׳ אוֹתוֹ בֵּית הַכְּלוּא Jeremiah 37:4 compare v Jeremiah 37:15; put, place, absolute Exodus 40:8 (P; ‖ שִׂים, compare Exodus 26:32); set up, אֶבֶן מַשְׂכִּית בְּ Leviticus 26:1 (H; ‖ הֵקִים); + לְ person, lay snare for me Psalms 119:110 (in figuratively).

figuratively, in many phr.: c. עַל, put my spirit upon him Isaiah 42:1, reproach upon one Jeremiah 23:40, blessing on Mt. Gerizim, etc., Deuteronomy 11:29, curses on enemies Deuteronomy 30:7; impose tax upon Nehemiah 10:33 compare II Kings 23:33; נָתַן הוֹד עַל put majesty upon one I Chronicles 29:25 Daniel 11:21 Numbers 27:20 (P; מֵהוֹד; compare Psalms 21:6); so also perhaps Psalms 8:2 hast set thy majesty upon (over) the heavens, compare Peshitta Vulgate Targum (read נָתַתָּה for תְּנָה, Hup De Pe Bae al.; other views see in Gesenius' Thesaurus Ewald Olshausen Nowack Cheyne Wellhausen Duhm); = above, וּנְתָֽנְךָ עֶלְיוֹן עַל־כָּל־גּוֹיֵי הָאָרֶץ Deuteronomy 28:1 compare Deuteronomy 26:19; put (sthg.) over mouth Micah 3:5 (that is stop one’s mouth, by a gift); = against נ׳ מָצוֹר עַל־ Ezekiel 4:2 (siege), compare v Ezekiel 4:2; c. אֶל־, וָאֶתְּנָה אֶת־פָּנַי אֶל־אֲדֹנָי … לְבַקֵּשׁ Daniel 9:3; c. בְּ, words into mouth Deuteronomy 18:18 Jeremiah 1:9, compare I Kings 22:23; wisdom into heart, or person, I Kings 10:24 Exodus 31:6; Exodus 36:1, Exodus 36:2 (all P), compare Psalms 4:8; set peace in earth Leviticus 26:6; (the idea of) perpetuity (עוֹלָם) in heart Ecclesiastes 3:11; a purpose, וּלהוֹרֹת נ׳ בְּלִבּוֹ Exodus 35:34; וְנָתַתִּי אֶת־יָדִי בְּמִצְרַיִם Exodus 7:4; אַל־תִּתֵּן דָּם נָקִי בְּקֶרֶב עַמְּךָ Deuteronomy 21:8; וַיִּתֵּן חִנּוֹ בְּעֵינֵי Genesis 39:21, and he put his favour in the eyes of the prison-keeper (made the keeper favourable to him), compare Exodus 3:21; Exodus 11:3; Exodus 12:36 (all E; compare also 1 b, 3 b); c. בְּ person = against, in phr. set my face against, oppose Ezekiel 14:8; Ezekiel 15:7 Leviticus 17:10; Leviticus 20:6 (both H); c. בֵּין, = put, that is make a covenant between Genesis 17:2, compare Leviticus 26:46; נ׳ אֶרֶץ לִפְנֵיכֶם that is place at your disposal Deuteronomy 1:8, Deuteronomy 1:21 compare Deuteronomy 2:36; set ordinances, etc., before, לִפְנֵי (for observance), I Kings 9:6 Jeremiah 26:4; Jeremiah 44:10 Daniel 9:10; blessings and cursings (for choice) Deuteronomy 30:1, Deuteronomy 30:15, Deuteronomy 30:19; נ׳ דֶּרֶךְ בְּרֹאשׁ פ׳ set or place one’s way upon his head, that is requite him, Ezekiel 9:10; Ezekiel 11:21; Ezekiel 16:43; Ezekiel 22:31 compare Ezekiel 17:19, also I Kings 8:32 = II Chronicles 6:23 + (compare 1 v); לָתֵת נִקְמַת י׳ בְּמִדְיָן Numbers 31:3 to set the vengeance of י׳ upon Midian; נ׳ ב׳ Psalms 50:20 = set in, that is impute to (usually שִׂים ב׳).

set, appoint, with a direct object + עַל־ over, י׳ hath set a king over you I Samuel 12:13 compare Genesis 41:41; c. עַל־ on, נ׳ ישֵׁב עַל־כִּסְאִי I Kings 1:48; c. בְּ in = over, I Chronicles 12:9 Nehemiah 13:4; c. לְ, Nethînîm לַעֲבֹדָה Ezra 8:20; with a direct object alone, idol-priests II Kings 23:5, prophet Jeremiah 1:5 (2 direct object), leader Numbers 14:4; one instead of (תַּחַת) another I Kings 2:35.

= assign, designate, c. לְ: God hath assigned victim-flesh to (ל) you, in order to bear sins of people Leviticus 10:17, compare Numbers 18:8 (both P); cities for (ל) flight of man-slayer Numbers 35:6; נָתַתִּי לָכֶם עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ לְכַפֵּר Leviticus 17:11.

Make, constitute,

c. 2 direct object, וְנָתַתִּי נְעָרִים שָׂרֵיהֶם Isaiah 3:4 and I will make boys their princes, compare Genesis 17:5; Exodus 7:1 (both P), Psalms 18:33 (> וַיַּתֵּר in ‖ II Samuel 22:33), Psalms 39:6; Psalms 69:12; Psalms 135:12, etc.; + בֵּין Joshua 22:25; + אֶל־ person וְנָתַתִּי אֶת־כָּל־אֹיְבֶיךָ אֵלֶיךָ עֹרֶף Exodus 23:27, and I will make all thine enemies unto thee a back, that is make them shew thee their back, flee from thee, so c. לְ Psalms 18:41 = II Samuel 22:41.

with a direct object + לְ, וְנָתַתִּי אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלַיִם לְגַלִּים Jeremiah 9:10 and I will make Jerusalem into ruin-heaps, compare Deuteronomy 28:13; Isaiah 42:24; Genesis 17:6, Genesis 17:20; Genesis 48:4; Numbers 5:21; Joshua 17:3 (all P) +; נ׳ פ׳ לְרַחֲמִים לִפְנֵי I Kings 8:50 make persons an object of compassion before (in the eyes of), so Nehemiah 1:11 Psalms 106:46 Daniel 1:9 (compare also 1 b, 2 b); + לְ person for (especially Je.), וּנְתַתִּים לִזְוָעָה לְכֹל מַמְלְכוֹת הָאָרֶץ Jeremiah 15:4 and I will make them a terror for all kingdoms of the earth, compare Jeremiah 24:9; Jeremiah 29:18; Jeremiah 34:17.

with a direct object + כְּ, וְאֵת הָאֲדָזִים נ׳ כַּשִּׁקְמִים I Kings 10:27 and the cedars he made like the sycomores, that is as common, = II Chronicles 1:15, compare I Kings 16:3 Ezekiel 28:6 Leviticus 26:19, Ruth 4:11; וַיִּתֵּן אֹתָנוּ כִּמְרַגְּלִים Genesis 42:30, that is regarded, treated us as spies, but ins. בַּמִּשְׁמָר Septuagint Olshausen Dillmann Ball Holz,—אַל־תִּתֵּן אֶת־אֲמָֽתְךָ לִפְנֵי בַת בְּלִיַּעַל I Samuel 1:16 difficult, (notwithstanding Job 3:24; Job 4:19), read probably כְּ (HPS), or לְ, for לִפְנֵי.

rarely with a direct object alone: וּמִבְּנֵי יִשׂ׳ לֹא נ׳ שְׁלֹמֹה עֶבֶד I Kings 9:22 and of the sons of Israel Sol. made no slave, but read probably לְמַם עֹבֵד (as v I Kings 9:21; Septuagint A εἰς πράγμα om. B SeptuagintL; compare Klostermann Benz), וָאֶתֵּן עֲלֵיהֶם קְהִלָּה Nehemiah 5:7 and I made (held) over their case a great assembly; make a decree, חֹק, Psalms 148:6; perhaps also וַתִּתֵּן אֹתֹת בְּפַרְעֹה Nehemiah 9:10 and thou didst perform signs and wonders against Pharaoh, etc. (compare שִׂים אוֹתֹת בְּ Exodus 10:2 Psalms 78:43).

past (עבר) נִתַּן Isaiah 9:5 +; 3rd feminine singular נִתְּנָה Genesis 38:14 +; 2nd masculine plural וְנִתַּתֶּם consec. Leviticus 26:25; 1st plural נִתַּ֫נּוּ Ezra 9:7; future (עתיד) יִנָּתֵן Exodus 5:18 +, יִנָּ֫תֶן לוֹ II Chronicles 2:13 (Gi see d. H. יִנָּ֫תֶן־לוֹ); Ptcp. נִתָּן II Kings 22:7; infinitive (מקור) absolute הִנָּתֹן Jeremiah 32:4; Jeremiah 38:3; construct לְהִנָּתֵן Esther 3:14; Esther 8:13;—

be given to (usually c. ל person):

= bestowed upon Joshua 24:33, Ezekiel 11:15 (+ לְמוֹרָשָׁה), Ezekiel 33:24 (+ the same), Job 15:19; Ezekiel 16:34; Numbers 26:62, Isaiah 9:5, portion from sacrifice Leviticus 10:14, glory Isaiah 35:2, birthright I Chronicles 5:1, freedom Leviticus 19:20.

given to one (ל) for wife (ל) Genesis 38:14, I Samuel 18:19.

provided, usually c. ל Exodus 5:16, Exodus 5:18; I Samuel 25:27; II Kings 25:30 = Jeremiah 52:34, Isaiah 33:16; Nehemiah 13:10; נ׳ מֵרֹעֶה אֶחָד Ecclesiastes 12:11 they are given from one shepherd (that is words of wise) according to Ewald De Hitzig-Nowack Rüetschi^Kau; Wild underst. subj. of compilers.

= entrusted to Jeremiah 13:20 compare II Chronicles 2:13; c. עַל־יָדָם II Kings 22:7, בְּיַד II Chronicles 34:16.

= be given into the power of (usually c. בְּיַד), especially of city (kg., people) given into the hand of foe II Kings 18:30 (+ אֶת־ direct object), II Kings 19:10 = Isaiah 36:15; Isaiah 37:10; Jeremiah 21:10 + 18 times Je Lv Chr Dn; earth into hand of wicked Job 9:24; in good sense Genesis 9:2; delivered to death (ל), unto lower world (אֶל־), Ezekiel 31:14; given to us (ל) for devouring (ל) Ezekiel 35:12; חֶרֶב נ׳ Ezekiel 32:20 delivered to the sword (del. Septuagint Peshitta Co Sgfr^Kau Toy); absolute, of צָבָא, Daniel 8:12 (al. was appointed, see especially Driver), Daniel 11:6.

of request, be granted to (ל), Esther 2:13; Esther 5:3 (בַּקָּשָׁה), v Esther 5:6; Esther 7:2; Esther 9:12 (all שְׁאֵלָה), compare Esther 7:3 (בִּשְׁאֵלָה, בְּבַקָּשָׁה).

= be permitted Esther 9:13 (+ inf.).

= be issued, published (of royal decree), absolute Esther 3:5, Esther 3:14; Esther 4:8; Esther 8:13, Esther 8:14; Esther 9:14; of law given בְּיַד מֹשֶׁה Nehemiah 10:30.

= be uttered, נ׳ שְׁאוֹן קוֹלָם Jeremiah 51:55 (of stormers of Babylon).

be assigned for (ל), Ezekiel 47:11.

Be put, set:

literally, crown בְּרֹאשׁ Esther 6:8; of personif. folly נ׳ הַסֶּכֶל בַּמְּרוֹמִים Ecclesiastes 10:6.

in imagery of Ezek. נ׳ … בְּיַרְכְּתֵי־בוֹר Ezekiel 32:23, c. אֵת (with) v Ezekiel 32:29, c. בְּתוֹךְ v Ezekiel 32:25, vine put (cast) לָאֵשׁ לְאָכְלָה Ezekiel 15:4 into the fire for consuming; figuratively of terror נ׳ בארץ Ezekiel 32:25.

= be made, בֶּן־אָדָם חָצִיר יִנָּתֵן Isaiah 51:12.

= be inflicted, of blemish (מוּם) Leviticus 24:20 (c. בְּ person).

(or Qal passive Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 53 u) future (עתיד) יֻתַּן I Kings 2:21 + 5 times + II Samuel 21:6 Qr (Kt ינתן); וַיֻּתַּן II Samuel 18:9;—

be given, bestowed, absolute Numbers 26:54; c. לְ person II Kings 5:17; Numbers 32:5 (אֶת־ with a direct object; both P); in exchange for (תַּחַת) Job 28:15.

= be given to one (ל) for wife (ל) I Kings 2:21 (Abishag, אֶת־ with a direct object).

= be given, delivered, up to (ל) II Samuel 21:6.

be put upon (עַלִ־) Leviticus 11:38; of Absalom וַיֻּתַּן בֵּין הַשָּׁמַיִם וגו׳ II Samuel 18:9, < וַיִּתָּל (√ תלה) Septuagint Peshitta Wellhausen Driver (?), Klostermann Kittel Budde HPS.

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נָתָן

n.pr.m. Septuagint Ναθαν;—

a son of David II Samuel 5:14 = I Chronicles 3:15, I Chronicles 14:4.

the prophet of David’s time II Samuel 7:2, II Samuel 7:3, II Samuel 7:4, II Samuel 7:17 = I Chronicles 17:1, I Chronicles 17:2, I Chronicles 17:3, I Chronicles 17:15; II Samuel 12:1 + 6 times II Samuel 12; I Kings 1:8 + 10 times I Kings 1, II Chronicles 29:25 Psalms 51:2 (title); דִּבְרֵי נָתָן הַנָּבִיא as name of a book I Chronicles 29:29 II Chronicles 9:29.

father of one of David’s heroes II Samuel 23:36.

father of officers of Solomon, I Kings 4:5^(×2) (= 2?).

name in Judah:

I Chronicles 2:36^(×2).

I Chronicles 11:38.

companion of Ezra from Babylon Ezra 8:16.

one of those who took strange wives Ezra 10:39.

head of a family Zechariah 12:12.

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נְתִינִים

noun (masc.)plural Nethînîm (proposes those given to the service of the sanctuary, as Levites are called נְתוּנִים Numbers 3:9, Numbers 8:16, Numbers 8:19);—only I Chronicles 9:2 (where disting. from priests and Levites) + 16 times Ezr Ne (often disting. from priests, Levites and porters; Ezra 8:17 Kt has הנתונים, Qr הַנְּתִינִים), viz.: Ezra 2:43, Ezra 2:58, Ezra 2:70 = Nehemiah 7:45, Nehemiah 7:59, Nehemiah 7:71 (so Baer, Ginsb; van d. H. v Nehemiah 7:72), Ezra 7:7; Ezra 8:17, Ezra 8:20 (appointment ascribed to David, compare I Chronicles 9:2), v Ezra 8:20 Nehemiah 10:29; Nehemiah 11:3; living on the Ophel Nehemiah 3:26; Nehemiah 11:21, with their own overseers v Nehemiah 11:21, having a house known (in part) by their name Nehemiah 3:31.—On נ׳ see further Bau^{Priesterthum 100, 142 f.}

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נְתַנְאֵל

n.pr.m. (see Gray^{Prop. N. 181, 192, 205}; on n.pr. of this kind compare Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 100 n., 2nd ed. 108}, Gray^{Prop. N. 264});—Septuagint Ναθαναηλ;—

a chief of Issachar Numbers 1:8; Numbers 2:5; Numbers 7:18, Numbers 7:23; Numbers 10:15.

4th son of Jesse I Chronicles 2:14.

name of priests:

I Chronicles 15:24.

Nehemiah 12:21.

priest’s son (who had strange wife) Ezra 10:22, perhaps = Nehemiah 12:36.

Levite name:

I Chronicles 24:6.

I Chronicles 26:4.

II Chronicles 35:9.

a prince of Jehoshaphat II Chronicles 17:7.

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נְתַנְיָ֫הוּ

n.pr.m. (compare Gray^{Prop. N. 294}), Septuagint Ναθανιας;—

נְתַנְיָ֫הוּ father of Jehudi Jeremiah 36:14.

נ׳ father of Ishmael Gedaliah’s murderer Jeremiah 40:8; Jeremiah 41:9 = נְתַנְיָה II Kings 25:23, II Kings 25:25; Jeremiah 40:14, Jeremiah 40:15; Jeremiah 41:1 + 9 times Jeremiah 41.

נְתַנְיָ֫הוּ Levite name:

II Chronicles 17:8.

I Chronicles 25:12 = נְתַנְיָה v I Chronicles 25:2.

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נָתַץ

verb pull down, break down (Mishnaic Hebrew Hoph., and deriv.; compare perhaps Ethiopic ነሠተ (with transp. and weakening of sibilant), destruere, demoliri, excidere Dillmann ⁶³⁴);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נ׳ Judges 6:30 +, 3rd plural נָֽתְצוּ II Kings 25:10; Jeremiah 52:14, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִתֹּץ Ezekiel 26:9 + v Ezekiel 26:12 (Co, for Masoretic Text יִתְּצוּ); וַיִּתֹּץ Judges 9:45; II Kings 23:7; with suffix יִתְּצֵנִי Job 19:10, יִתָּצְךָ Psalms 52:7; 1st singular אֶתֹּץ Judges 8:9; 3rd masculine plural וַיִּתְּצוּ II Kings 10:27^(×2); 2nd masculine plural תִּתֹּ֑צוּ Deuteronomy 7:5 תִּתֹּצ֑וּן Exodus 34:13 Judges 2:2; וַתִּתְֿצוּ Isaiah 22:2, etc.; imperative (ציווי) נְתֹץ Psalms 58:7; infinitive (מקור) construct לִנְתֿוֹץ Jeremiah 1:10; Jeremiah 18:7, לִנְתֹֿץ Jeremiah 31:28 (on תֿ see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 45 g); participle (בינוני) passive plural הַנְּתֻצִים Jeremiah 33:4;—

literally pull down a structure (direct object): altar Judges 2:2; Judges 6:30, Judges 6:31, Judges 6:32; Exodus 34:13, Deuteronomy 7:5; II Kings 23:12; high place (במה) v II Kings 23:8, בָּמָה + מִזְבֵּחַ v II Kings 23:15; מַצֵּבָה II Kings 10:27; בֵּית הַבַּעַל v II Kings 10:27; II Kings 11:18 = II Chronicles 23:17, compare II Kings 23:7; a tower Judges 8:9, Judges 8:17, compare Ezekiel 26:9 (בְּחַרְבוֹתָיו); (any) house Isaiah 22:10; Ezekiel 26:12; Leviticus 14:45, so הַנְּתֻצִים Jeremiah 33:4 (strangely + אֶל, compare Gf Gie); city-wall Jeremiah 39:8; II Kings 25:10 = Jeremiah 52:14; city Judges 9:45.

figuratively:

pull down a nation, break its power, וְלִנְתוֹשׁ וְלִנ׳ וּלְהַאֲבִיד (וְלַהֲרוֹם) (obj. not expressed) Jeremiah 1:10 (so Ecclus 49:7b), = Jeremiah 18:7. compare Jeremiah 31:28.

an individual, subj. God, יִתְּצֵנִי סָבִיב Job 19:10, יִתָּצְךָ Psalms 52:7.

jawteeth of lions (metaphorically) Psalms 58:7 (break down, break off, so only here, but see נָתַע).

be pulled, broken, down: past (עבר) 3rd plural נִתְּצוּ מִפְּנֵי י׳ Jeremiah 4:26 (of cities), so נ׳ מִמֶּנּוּ Nahum 1:6 (of rocks).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִתַּץ II Chronicles 33:3; 3rd plural וְנִתְּצוּ Ezekiel 16:39 (consec.); 2nd masculine plural וְנִתַּצְתֶּם Deuteronomy 12:3; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיְנַתֵּץ II Chronicles 34:7; 3rd masculine plural וַיְנַתְּצוּ II Chronicles 31:1 + 2 times;—tear down (chiefly late): with a direct object altars Deuteronomy 12:3, + בָּמוֹת II Chronicles 31:1, + הַחַמָּנִים, etc., II Chronicles 34:4, + אֲשֵׁרִים v II Chronicles 34:7; בָּמוֹת alone II Chronicles 33:3, רָמֹתַיִךְ Ezekiel 16:39; city wall II Chronicles 36:19.

be torn down: past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נֻתַּץ Judges 6:28 (of altar + אֲשֵׁרָה).

(or Qal passive Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 53 u) be broken down, broken, only future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יֻתָּ֑ץ Leviticus 11:35 (of תַּנּוּר, see Driver-White^Haupt, and כִּירַיִם, see above, p. 468 b).

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נָתַק

verb pull, draw, tear away, apart, off (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Targum נְתַק in der. species (rare), pull off, tear off; Chr Pal. Aramaic ܢܬܩ shake off, Schwally^{Idiot. 58}; Arabic نَتَقَ pull off, draw out, shake; Dillmann ⁶⁶⁰ cp. Ethiopic ነተገ, ነትገ detrahere, etc.);—

past (עבר) 1st plural with suffix וּנְתַקְּנוּהוּ consec. Judges 20:32 (on d. f. dirim. see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 20 h); future (עתיד) 1st singular with suffix אֶתְּקֶנְךָּ Jeremiah 22:24 (compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 58, i); participle (בינוני) passive נָתוּק Leviticus 22:24;—

draw away warriors from (כִון) city, unto (אֶל־) high road Judges 20:32.

draw or pull off ring from (מִן) finger Jeremiah 22:24 (figuratively of rejection of king of Judah by י׳).

pull, tear away Leviticus 22:24 (passive, of testicles, + מָעוּךְ, כָּתוּת, כָּרוּת).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִתַּק Isaiah 5:27; 3rd plural נִתְּקוּ Joshua 4:18; Job 17:11, נִתָּ֑קוּ Jeremiah 6:29; Jeremiah 10:20; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִנָּתֵק Judges 16:9 + 2 times; 3rd masculine plural וַיִּנָּֽתְקוּ Joshua 8:16, יִנָּתֵ֑קוּ Isaiah 33:20;—

be drawn away from (מִן) city Joshua 8:16 (compare Qal 1); of soles of feet, be drawn out (from water) unto (אֶל־) dry ground Joshua 4:18.

be torn apart, or in two, snapped: of sandal-thong Isaiah 5:27, strand of tow Judges 16:9 (sim.), cord Ecclesiastes 4:12; especially tent-cord (in figuratively) Isaiah 33:20 Jeremiah 10:20, so יִנָּתֵק מֵאָהֳלוֹ מִבְטַחוֹ Job 18:14; metaphorically of plans (זִמֹּת) Job 17:11.

be separated, in smelting, figuratively, רָעִים לֹא נִתָּ֑קוּ Jeremiah 6:29.

past (עבר) 1st singular נִתַּקְתִּי Jeremiah 2:20; 3rd plural נִתְּקוּ Jeremiah 5:5; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְנַתֵּק Ezekiel 17:9 Psalms 107:14, וַיְנַתֵּק Judges 16:9, with suffix וַיְנַתְּקֵם v Judges 16:12; 2nd feminine singular תְּנַתֵּ֑קִי Ezekiel 23:34; 1st singular אֲנַתֵּק Nahum 1:13; 1st plural נְנַתְּקָה cohort. Psalms 2:3; 2nd masculine plural תְּנַתֵּ֑קוּ Isaiah 58:6;—

tear apart, snap, with a direct object הַיְתָרִים Judges 16:9 the cords, v Judges 16:12 (+ מֵעַל זְרֹעֹתָיו); especially with a direct object מוֹסֵרוֹת, bonds (figuratively) Nahum 1:13; Jeremiah 2:20; Jeremiah 5:5; Jeremiah 30:8 Psalms 2:3; Psalms 107:14; obj. מוֹטָה Isaiah 58:6 (‖ פַּתֵּחַ, and הַתֵּר אֲגֻדּוֹת מוֹטָה).

tear out, up, obj. roots Ezekiel 17:9 (in figuratively); tear out, away, obj. breasts Ezekiel 23:34 (in violent figuratively of Jerus. as drunken woman).

infinitive (מקור) construct with suffix הַתִּיקֵנוּ: draw away warriors from (מִוֹ city Joshua 8:6 (= Qal 1).

imperative (ציווי) ms. with suffix הַתִּקֵם drag them away like sheep to slaughter Jeremiah 12:3 (of י׳’s dealing with wicked).

past (עבר) (si vera l.) הָנְתְּקוּ מִן־הָעִיר Judges 20:31 they were drawn away from the city (compare Niph. 1), but probably gloss, see GFM.

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נֶ֫תֶק

noun (masc.) ^{Leviticus 13:32} scab, an eruption of skin, on head or in beard, causing suspicion of leprosy (literally a tearing off, that is what one is inclined to scratch or tear away, compare scabies from scabere, Krätze from kratzen, etc., see Dillmann Leviticus 13:30);—נ׳ absolute Leviticus 13:30, Leviticus 13:32^(×2), Leviticus 13:33, Leviticus 13:34^(×2), Leviticus 13:35, Leviticus 13:36, Leviticus 13:37^(×2); נָתֶ֑ק Leviticus 14:54; נֶגַע הַנֶּתֶק Leviticus 13:31^(×2) (all P).

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נָתַר

verb spring or start up;—

future (עתיד) וְיִתַּר מִמְּקוֹמוֹ Job 37:1 yea, it (the heart) starts up from its place (‖ יֶחֱרַד).

infinitive (מקור) לְנַתֵּר בָּהֵן עַל־הָאָרֶץ Leviticus 11:21, to leap with them (that is its legs) upon the earth (of locust).

future (עתיד) וַיַּתֵּר גּוֹיִם Habakkuk 3:6 he (י׳) looked, and made nations start up.

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נָתַר²

verb be free, loose (? usually placed sub I., but connexion not obvious; compare also Mishnaic Hebrew Niph. free oneself, Hiph. = Biblical Hebrew; perhaps cp. Arabic نَتَرَ rend a garment, break string (of bow), etc.);—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular juss. יַתֵּר Job 6:9, with suffix וַיַּתִּירֵהוּ Psalms 105:20; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַתֵּר Isaiah 58:6; participle (בינוני) מַתִּיר Psalms 146:7;—

unfasten, loosen, with a direct object rei thongs of yoke Isaiah 58:6 (‖ פַּתֵּחַ, תְּנַתֵּ֑קוּ).

set free, unbind with a direct object person, prisoners Psalms 105:20 (‖ וַיְפַתְּחֵהוּ), Psalms 146:7; figuratively יַתֵּר יָדוֹ Job 6:9 that he would let loose his hand and cut me off,—וַיַּתֵּר II Samuel 22:33 was poss. connected by Mass with תּוּר (see Comm.), but read וַיִּתֵּן (as ‖ Psalms 18:33).

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נֶ֫תֶר

n.[m.] natron, or carbonate of soda, a mineral alkali (Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Aramaic נִתְרָא, ܢܶܬܪܳܐ; compare Gk. νίτρον, λίτρον, Lat. nitrum (see Lexx.));—אִם־תְּכַבְּסִי בַּנֶּתֶר Jeremiah 2:22 though thou wash thyself with natron (figuratively; ‖ בֹּרִית; on use of ‘nitrum’ for handwashing among Greeks see Meineke^{Fragm. Comicorum ii. 638}); חֹמֶץ עַל־נָ֑תֶר Proverbs 25:20 (figuratively of the incompatible).

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נָתַשׁ

verb pull or pluck up, root out, especially in Je and later (Ecclus future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תנתש נטע Jeremiah 3:9; Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Targum נְתַשׁ the same; Syriac ܢܬܰܫ tear off, away; Arabic نَتَشَ is loan-wd. Frä ¹³⁷);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular וְנָתַשׁ consec. I Kings 14:15; 2nd masculine singular נָתַשְׁתָּ Psalms 9:7, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix וַיִּתְּשֵׁם Deuteronomy 29:27; 1st singular אֶתּשׁ Jeremiah 12:14, אֶתּוֹשׁ Jeremiah 24:6; Jeremiah 42:10; infinitive (מקור) absolute נָתוֹשׁ Jeremiah 12:17; construct לִנְתֿוֹשׁ Jeremiah 1:10; Jeremiah 18:7, לִנְתֹשׁ Jeremiah 31:28 (on תֿ see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 45 g); with suffix נָתְשִׁי Jeremiah 12:15; participle (בינוני) active נֹתֵשׁ Jeremiah 45:4, with suffix נֹתְשָׁם Jeremiah 12:14;—pull or pluck up, with a direct object Asherim Micah 5:13 (מִקִּרְבֶּ֑ךָ); especially of nation, וְנ׳ אֶת־יִשׂ׳ מֵעַל הָאֲדָמָה I Kings 14:15, so Deuteronomy 29:27; Jeremiah 12:14; II Chronicles 7:20; אֶתּשׁ מִתּוֹכָם Jeremiah 12:14; without מֵעַל וְגו׳ Jeremiah 12:15, Jeremiah 12:17; opposite נָטַע Jeremiah 45:4; obj. om. Jeremiah 24:6; Jeremiah 42:10 (both opposite נָטַע); so inf. absolute נָתוֹשׁ וְאַבֵּד Jeremiah 12:17; inf. construct לִנְתֿוֹשׁ Jeremiah 1:10 = Jeremiah 18:7 compare Jeremiah 31:28 (see נתץ Qal 2 a); once of cities עָרִים נ׳ Psalms 9:7 thou hast uprooted cities.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִנָּתֵשׁ Jeremiah 31:40 it shall not be rooted up (‖ יֵהָרֵם, ref. to the city Jerus.); 3rd feminine singular תִּנָּתֵשׁ Daniel 11:4 of kingdom; 3rd masculine plural יִנָּֽתְשׁוּ מֵעַל אַדְמָתָם Amos 9:15 (of Isr.; opposite נָטַע).—For יִנָּֽתְשׁוּ. Jeremiah 18:14 read יִנָּֽשְׁתוּ √ נשׁת q.see

future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular וַתֻּתַּשׁ Ezekiel 19:12 and she was rooted up (of Isr., under figuratively of vine).

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נְסִבָּה²

noun (fem.) turn of affairs;—absolute II Chronicles 10:15 (= סִבָּה q.see, ‖ I Kings 12:15).

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נֶפְתּוֹחַ²

n.pr.location Μαφθω, Ναφθω, in מֵי נ׳ Joshua 15:9; Joshua 18:15, on border of Judah and Benj.; usually identif. with spring Liftâ, near Jerus. to the NW., see Buhl^{Geogr. 101}. נַפְתֻּחִים see p. 661.

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נַפְתָּלִי

n.pr.m. et trib. Naphtali, Νεφθαλει(μ), etc. (interpr. as my wrestling Genesis 30:8; perhaps orig. crafty, cunning one);—

second son of Jacob and Bilhah Genesis 30:8, Genesis 35:25; Genesis 46:24, I Chronicles 2:2, compare Genesis 49:21 (poem).

as a tribe of Isr.:

Judges 1:33; Judges 4:10; Judges 5:18; Deuteronomy 33:23^(×2) +; so (Hex, only P) בְּנֵי נ׳ Judges 4:6; Numbers 1:42 + 6 times, מַטֵּה נ׳ Numbers 2:29; I Kings 7:14 + 5 times, מַטֵּה בְּנֵי נ׳ Numbers 10:27; Numbers 34:28; Joshua 19:39; שַׁעַר נ׳ Ezekiel 48:34 (in new Jerus.); אֶרֶץ נ׳ I Kings 15:20; II Kings 15:29, compare Isaiah 8:23; קֶדֶשׁ נ׳ Judges 4:6; הַר נ׳ Joshua 20:7; גְּבוּל נ׳ Ezekiel 48:4, יָ֫מָּה נ׳ v Ezekiel 48:3; עָרֵי נ׳ II Chronicles 16:4.

as territorial name Deuteronomy 34:2 I Kings 4:15; I Chronicles 12:41 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:40), II Chronicles 34:6; Judges 6:35; Judges 7:23 might be a or b.

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BDB — נ (338)