פ

פֶּחָה (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) (Bab. or Pers.) governor (Assyrian loan-word, Biblical Hebrew the same);—absolute פ׳ Ezra 5:14; construct פַּחַת Ezra 5:3, Ezra 5:6; Ezra 6:6, Ezra 6:7, Ezra 6:13; plural emph. פַּתֲוָתָא Daniel 3:2, Daniel 3:3, Daniel 3:27; Daniel 6:8.

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פֶּחָר (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) potter (= paḫḫâr, Targum פַּחָר (also clay), Syriac ܦܰܚܳܪܳܐ; probably loan-wd. from Assyrian paḫâru, potter, compare Brockelmann Zim^Buhl);—absolute פ׳ Daniel 2:41.

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פְּלַח (Aramaic)

verb pay reverence to, serve (deity) (compare Assyrian palâḫu, fear, revere (and Biblical Hebrew יָרֵא, פָּחַד etc.); Egyptian Aramaic פלח worship Lidzbarski ³⁵¹; Targum פְּלַח serve, Syriac ܦܠܰܚ; Palmyrene פלחא soldier);—

pay reverence to deity (usually ל direct object): future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יִפְלְחוּן Daniel 3:28; Daniel 7:14, Daniel 7:27; so participle (בינוני) active פָּלַח Daniel 6:17, Daniel 6:21, plural פָּֽלְחִין Daniel 3:12, Daniel 3:14, Daniel 3:18, and (direct object dei) v Daniel 3:17.

plural construct as n. פָּֽלְחֵי בֵית אֱלָהָא Ezra 7:24 servants of the house of God (+ priests, Nethinim, etc.).

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פֻּם (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) ^{Daniel 7:8} mouth (compare Biblical Hebrew פֶּה; on form see Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 61, 2) Marti's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 76 f.);—פ׳ absolute Daniel 7:8, Daniel 7:20, construct Daniel 4:28 +, with suffix פֻּמֵּהּ (on form see K^l.c. Noldeke^{Zur Gram. d. Class. Ar. 15 (1896)} (expansion of biliteral √), Barth^{ZMG xli (1887), 633 f.}) Daniel 7:5;—mouth of king Daniel 4:28, lions Daniel 6:23, beast (in vision) Daniel 7:5, horn (ib.) v Daniel 7:8, Daniel 7:20; mouth of pit Daniel 6:18.

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פַּס (Aramaic)

see פסס.

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פְּסַנְטֵרִין (Aramaic)

n.[m.] a (triangular) stringed instrument (Gk. ψαλτήριον, Krauss^{i. 12, 99, 101; ii. 473} Prince^{EB 3232} Driver ^{Dn 58, and on 3, 5});—פ׳ Daniel 3:7, פְּסַנְתֵּרִין v Daniel 3:5, Daniel 3:10, Daniel 3:15.

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פַּס² (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) palm of hand;—construct Daniel 5:5, emph. פַּסָּא v Daniel 5:24.

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פַּרְזֶל (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) Daniel 2:40 iron (Targum Syriac; see Biblical Hebrew בַּרְזֶל);—absolute Daniel 2:33 (-זֶ֑ל), Daniel 4:12 +; emph. פַּרְזְלָא Daniel 2:34 +;—Daniel 2:33, Daniel 2:34 + 11 times Daniel 2:2; Daniel 4:12, Daniel 4:20; Daniel 5:4, Daniel 5:23; Daniel 7:7, Daniel 7:19.

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פְּרַס (Aramaic)

verb break in two (see Biblical Hebrew פרס);—Peʿîl (W^{CG 224}) past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular פְּרִיסַת מַלְכוּתָךְ Daniel 5:28.

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פָּרַס (Aramaic)

n.pr. terr. et gent. Persia (as kingdom), Persians (see Biblical Hebrew the same)—;פ׳ Daniel 6:9, Daniel 6:13, Daniel 6:16; פָּרָ֑ס Daniel 5:28; Ezra 4:24; Ezra 6:14.

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פְּרַק (Aramaic)

verb tear away, break off (see Biblical Hebrew [פָּרַק);—

imperative (ציווי) ms. פְּרֻק Daniel 4:24 (compare Driver), direct object of sins + ב instr.

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פְּרַשׁ (Aramaic)

verb make distinct (compare Biblical Hebrew (chiefly late));—

participle (בינוני) passive Ezra 4:18 made distinct (Biblical Hebrew Nehemiah 8:8; Targum Mishnaic Hebrew).

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פַּרְשֶׁ֫גֶן (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) Ezra 4:23 copy (Targum -שַׁגְנָא, Syriac ܦܰܪܫܰܓܢܳܐ; Aramaic loan-word in Biblical Hebrew, where also פַּתְשֶׁגֶן the same; loan-word from Pers. (Gesenius' Thesaurus^{1133; Add. 108}), compare Armen. patǧên, copy, Gildemeister^{ZKM iv. 210} Lagarde^{Gesenius. Abh. 79; Armen. Stud. § 1838} Mey^{Enst. J. 22} Hoffmann^{ZA ii. 52}, OIran. *paticayan, the same, according to Andr^{M 79*}; not clear whether פַּר׳ is textual error for פת׳ (Hoffmann^l.c.), or from diff. orig. (Andr^l.c. paračayan? paricayan?), or from same √ in diff. stage (so appar. Scheft⁵², citing, for both, OBaktr. fra-sěṅhana, announcement, OIran. praśaṃsana, praśāsana, command, Arabic frasasti, command, patisêṅhana, answer, OP. *patithaṅhana, announcement, answer));—construct פ׳ Ezra 4:11, Ezra 4:23; Ezra 5:6.

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פְּשַׁר (Aramaic)

verb interpret (a dream) (Targum the same, Syriac ܦܫܰܪ, perhaps EgyptianAramaic פשר Lidzbarski³⁵⁵ SAC¹⁰⁰ (Arabic فسّر loan-word, see Frä²⁶³); Assyrian pašâru);—

infinitive (מקור) לְמִפְשַׁר Daniel 5:16, direct object cogn. פִּשְׁרִין.

participle (בינוני) active מְפַשַּׁר Daniel 5:12, direct object חֶלְמִין.

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פְּשַׁר² (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) Daniel 2:45 interpretation (of dream) (compare Biblical Hebrew as loan-word);—construct פ׳ Daniel 4:3; Daniel 5:15, Daniel 5:26; Daniel 7:16; emph. פִּשְׁרָא Daniel 2:4 + 7 times Dn, + Daniel 4:15, Daniel 4:16 Kt (Qr. הּ—ֵ); ה—ָ Daniel 2:7; Daniel 5:12; with suffix הּ—ֵ Daniel 2:5, Daniel 2:6^(×2) + 11 times Dn, + Qr Daniel 4:15, Daniel 4:16 (Kt א—ָ); plural פִּשְׁרִין Daniel 5:16.

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פִּתְגָם (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) ^{Ezra 6:11} command, word, affair (Pers.: see Biblical Hebrew);—absolute פ׳ Daniel 3:16; emph. -מָא Ezra 4:17 +;—command Ezra 6:11, word, by missive Ezra 5:7, from king Ezra 4:17 (both c. שְׁלַח), in answer Ezra 5:11 (c. התיב); weakened, thing, affair Daniel 3:16; Daniel 4:14.

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פֵּאָה

noun (fem.) corner, side (part cut off, ‘Abschnitt,’ according to Schröter in Me^{Archiv. i. 461} Barth^{ZMG xii (1887), 615} Buhl^Lex, but perhaps bilit., Noldeke^{M. 485} Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 185, and not from √ פאה; compare Arabic فِىَٔةٌ company, etc. (Noldeke^l.c.); Assyrian pâtu, side, edge, border, see especially Meissn^{Suppl. 74}; Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew, Aramaic פָּאתָא, ܦܰܐܬܳܐ );—absolute פ׳ Jeremiah 9:25 + 4 times; construct פְּאַת Amos 3:12 + 77 times; plural absolute פֵּאֹת Exodus 25:26; Exodus 37:23; dual construct פַּאֲתֵי Numbers 24:17 (but read probably פְּאַת as ‖ Jeremiah 48:45);—

corner of divan Amos 3:12; table Exodus 25:26, Exodus 37:13; field Leviticus 19:9; Leviticus 23:22; land (probably) וַתַּ לְקֵם לְפֵאָה Nehemiah 9:22, that is into every corner; פ׳ רֹאשְׁכֶם Leviticus 19:27 (that is your temples), פ׳ זְקָנֶ֑ךָ v Leviticus 19:27 compare Leviticus 21:5 (all H); קְצוּצֵי פֵאָה those clipped on the temples Jeremiah 9:25; Jeremiah 25:23; Jeremiah 49:32 (epith. of Arabic tribes, Herod. ^{iii, 8} WMM^{As. u. Eur. 140 f.} Wellhausen^{Skizzen iii. 119; Heid. 2, 198}); temples of Moab (under figuratively of man) Numbers 24:17 Jeremiah 48:45.

side:

usually of Ezekiel’s temple, the tabern., the holy city and the land, or its subdivisions (only Ezekiel 41-48 [47 times] and P [26 times]): in plur. פְּאַת קָדִ֫ים(ה) East side Ezekiel 47:18 + 17 times Ez, = פ׳ קֵדְמָה Exodus 27:13 + 3 times P and Ezekiel 45:7 (see Co Toy); פ׳ צָפ֫וֹן(ה) North side Ezekiel 47:15 Exodus 26:20 + 9 times; פ׳ נֶגֶב (נֶ֫גְבָּה) South side Ezekiel 47:19^(×2) Exodus 27:9 + 8 times; פ׳ יָם (יָ֫מָּה) West side Ezekiel 45:7 Exodus 27:12 + 21 times + פ׳ דֶּרֶךְ־הַיָּם Ezekiel 41:12 (also פ׳ קָדִים הַיָּם Ezekiel 48:1); absolute only לַפֵּאָה הָאֶחָת Exodus 27:9.

פְּאַת פָּנָיו Leviticus 13:41 side (border) of his face (forehead and temples; P).

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פְּאֵר

noun (masc.) ^{Ezekiel 44:18} head-dress, turban (? orig. ornament);—absolute פ׳ of bridegroom Isaiah 61:10, sign of joy v Isaiah 61:3 (opposite mourning, and so) פְּאֵרְךָ Ezekiel 24:17, plural with suffix פְּאֵרֵכֶם v Ezekiel 24:23 (worn by men of position); of priests פַּאֲרֵי פִשְׁתִּים Ezekiel 44:18, פּ׳ הַמִּגְבָּעֹת שֵׁשׁ Exodus 39:28; plural absolute פְּאֵרִים Isaiah 3:20 (of luxurious women).

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פֹּארָה

noun (fem.) bough;—plural, all in figuratively: of vine, absolute פֹּארֹת Ezekiel 17:6 (Baer פֹּרֹאות); of cedar, with suffix פֹּארֹתוֹ Ezekiel 31:5 (Kt; יו—ָ Qr); פֹּארֹתָיו v Ezekiel 31:6, פֹּרֹאתָיו v Ezekiel 31:8, Ezekiel 31:12, Ezekiel 31:13.

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פארה

Kt, פּוּרָה Qr noun (fem.)coll. boughs Isaiah 10:33 (van d. H. Baer פֻּארָה).

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פָּארוּר

n.[m.] meaning doubtful; only קִבְּצוּ פ׳ Nahum 2:11 Joel 2:6; Gesenius' Thesaurus, all faces gather a glow (glow with dread, from assumed √ פאר), so Wellhausen Nowack; AE Hitzig al. gather in (their) beauty (√ I. פאר; grow pale); Vrss AV gather blackness (from פָּרוּר a pot!), see Driver; all very uncertain.

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פָּארָן

n.pr.location Paran, Φαραν (compare n.pr. פארן Sin. Inscr.);—usually מִדְבַּר פ׳ home of Ishmael Genesis 21:21, traversed by Isr. in Exodus Numbers 12:16, Numbers 10:12; Numbers 13:2, Numbers 13:26 (all P); it lay NE. from (the traditional) Sinai, with Gulf of Akaba and the ʿArabah as its E. border (s. איל פארן); here was הַר פ׳ Deuteronomy 33:2 Habakkuk 3:3,—perhaps coast-range of mts. along W. shore of Gulf of Akaba; פ׳ alone I Kings 11:18^(×2) (betw. Midian and Egypt); Deuteronomy 1:1 (location doubtful).—I Samuel 25:1 see ii. מָעוֹן sub עון.—Vid. Rob^{BR i, 177 f.} Palmer^{Desert of Exodus, 284 ff.}, Dillmann Driver Dt.

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פִּגּוּל

noun (masc.) ^{Leviticus 7:18} foul thing, refuse, but only as term. techn. of unclean sacrificial flesh;—it is פ׳ if eaten on third day Leviticus 7:18, Leviticus 19:7; compare בְּשַׂר פ׳ Ezekiel 4:14 (undefined); plural מְרַק פִּגֻּלִים Isaiah 65:4 broth of refuse things (Kt פרק), Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 325, 2nd ed. 343} thinks of flesh with the blood; Duhm^{ad location} of mice and other unclean animals.

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פָּגַע

verb meet, encounter, reach (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic פְּגַע, ܦܓܰܥ; poss. akin to Arabic فَجَأَ, فَجِىَٔ happen to, light upon; فَجَعَ is pain, afflict);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular פ׳ I Kings 2:32 +, with suffix וּפְגָעוֹ consec. Amos 5:19, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיִּפְגַּע Genesis 28:11 +; 1st plural נְפְגַּע Job 21:15, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. פְּגַע Judges 8:21 +; mpl. פִּגְעוּ Genesis 23:8; infinitive (מקור) construct לִפִגֹּעַ I Samuel 22:17, with suffix פִּגְעוֹ Numbers 35:19, Numbers 35:21;—

meet, light upon, with a direct object person I Samuel 10:5 Exodus 5:20, c. with suffix person Amos 5:19; פ׳ שׁוֹר Exodus 23:4; c. ב person Genesis 32:2, Numbers 35:19, Numbers 35:21; c. ב location Genesis 28:11.

meet, with kindness, with a direct object person Isaiah 64:4 (subj. י׳), so Isaiah 47:3 according to Ewald De Dillmann al.; Cheyne^Haupt. אֶפְרַע (reading, with Duhm, אמר for אָדָם).

encounter with hostility, fall upon c. ב person Joshua 2:16, Judges 8:21; Judges 15:12; Judges 18:25 I Samuel 22:17, I Samuel 22:18^(×2) II Samuel 1:15 I Kings 2:25, I Kings 2:29, I Kings 2:31, I Kings 2:32, I Kings 2:34, I Kings 2:46 Ruth 2:22; of God, with a direct object (with suffix), + ב instr. Exodus 5:3.

encounter with request, entreat, c. ב person Jeremiah 7:16 Job 21:15, followed by cl. Jeremiah 27:18 Ruth 1:16, + ל person on whose behalf Genesis 23:8.

strike, touch, of boundary, c. ב location Joshua 16:7; Joshua 19:11, Joshua 19:22, Joshua 19:26, Joshua 19:27, Joshua 19:34^(×2), compare Joshua 17:10; c. אֶל location Joshua 19:11.

cause to light upon, past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִפְגִּיעַ with a direct object rei + ב person Isaiah 53:6.

cause one (direct object) to entreat 1st singular הִפְגַּעְתִּי (ב person) Jeremiah 15:11 (otherwise Gie; Co del. see as gloss).

make entreaty, 3rd plural הִפְגִּעוּ Jeremiah 36:25 c. ב person; more generally interpose, future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַפְגִּיעַ Isaiah 53:12, c. ל person in whose behalf; participle (בינוני) מַפְגִּיעַ Isaiah 59:16 one interposing.

make attack, only participle (בינוני) Job 36:32 assailant, but Olshausen Budde Duhm al. מִפְגָּע mark.

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פֶּ֫גַע

noun (masc.) occurrence, chance;—absolute פ׳ I Kings 5:18 evil occurrence; Ecclesiastes 9:11 time and chance.

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פַּגְעִיאֵל

noun (masc.) Asherite, Φαγαιηλ, -εηλ;—Numbers 1:13; Numbers 2:27; Numbers 7:72, Numbers 7:77; Numbers 10:26.

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פֶּ֫גֶר

noun (masc.) ^{Isaiah 14:19} corpse, carcass;—absolute פ׳ Isaiah 14:19 +, פָּ֑גֶר Nahum 3:3; construct פֶּגֶר I Samuel 17:46; plural פְּגָרִים II Kings 19:35 +; construct פִּגְרֵי Jeremiah 33:5; with suffix פִּגְרֵיכֶם Leviticus 26:30 +, etc.;—

of men, singular Isaiah 14:19; usually plural Isaiah 34:3; Isaiah 66:24 Jeremiah 31:40; Jeremiah 33:5; Jeremiah 41:9 Ezekiel 6:5; Ezekiel 43:7, Ezekiel 43:9 Leviticus 26:30 Numbers 14:29, Numbers 14:32, Numbers 14:33 II Chronicles 20:24,—v II Chronicles 20:25 read probably בְגָדִים, so Septuagint (?), Vulgate Be Krochm Kau Kittel;—פְּגָרִים מֵתִים II Kings 19:35 = Isaiah 37:36; singular coll. I Samuel 17:46, רַב־הַפֶּגֶר Amos 8:3, כֹּבֶד־פ׳ Nahum 3:3; figuratively of idols פִּגְרֵי גִּלּוּלֵיכֶם Leviticus 26:30.

of animals Genesis 15:11.

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פָּדָה

verb ransom (Mishnaic Hebrew in deriv.; Phoenician in n.pr.; Assyrian padû, the same, Arabic فَدَى; Ethiopic ፈደየ; Min. פדית redeemed or purchased land Mordt^{Beitr. 23});—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular פָּדָה Leviticus 27:27 +; with suffix פָּֽדְךָ Job 5:20; 2nd masculine singular פָּדִיתָ Deuteronomy 9:26 +, etc.; future (עתיד) יִפְדֶּה Psalms 49:8 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) פְּדֵה Psalms 25:22; with suffix פְּדֵנִי Psalms 26:11 + 3 times; infinitive (מקור) absolute פָּדֹה Numbers 18:15 Psalms 49:8; construct לִפְדּוֹת II Samuel 7:23 = I Chronicles 17:2; participle (בינוני) active פּוֹדֶה Psalms 34:23; with suffix פֹּדְךָ Deuteronomy 13:6; passive plural construct פְּדוּיֵי Isaiah 35:10; Isaiah 51:11 Numbers 3:49; also absolute פְּדוּיִם Numbers 3:51 (Qr; Kt פדים), construct פְּדוּיֵי v Numbers 3:46; with suffix פְּדוּיָו Numbers 18:16 (all n. abstr. according to Dillmann Konig^{ii. 1, 138}, see פְּדוּיִם, פִּדְיֹם below);—ransom:

for an assessed price Exodus 13:13, Exodus 13:15; Exodus 34:20, Leviticus 27:27 Numbers 3:46, Numbers 3:48, Numbers 3:49, Numbers 3:51; Numbers 18:15, Numbers 18:16, Numbers 18:17.

from violence and death I Samuel 14:45 Job 6:23 Psalms 49:8.

God subj. (underlying thought of payment):

from Egypt, c. מִן, מִבֵּית עֲבָדִים Deuteronomy 7:8; Deuteronomy 13:6 Micah 6:4; מִנִּי־צָר Psalms 78:42; ממצרים II Samuel 7:23 (but del. פָּדִיתָ Gei^{Urschr. 288} Wellhausen Driver al.) = I Chronicles 17:21; מִשָּׁם Deuteronomy 24:18; absolute Deuteronomy 9:26; Deuteronomy 15:15; Deuteronomy 21:8 Nehemiah 1:10.

from exile, Jeremiah 31:11 Zechariah 10:8; פְּדוּיֵי י׳ יְשֻׁבוּן Isaiah 35:10 = Isaiah 51:11.

in generally Hosea 7:13; מִכֹּל צָרוֹתָיו Psalms 25:22; מִכֹּל עֲוֹנוֹתָיו Psalms 130:8.

with a direct object individ. Psalms 26:11; Psalms 31:6; Psalms 44:27; Psalms 69:19; Abraham Isaiah 29:22; פ׳ נפשׁ Psalms 34:23; Psalms 71:23; + מכל צרה II Samuel 4:9 I Kings 1:29; מֵעֲבֹר בַּשָּׁ֑חַת Job 33:28; מִקְּרָב־לִי Psalms 55:19; מִמָּוֶת Job 5:20; מיד שׁאול Psalms 49:16 Hosea 13:14; מֵעשֶׁק אָדָם Psalms 119:134; מִכַּף עָרִיצִים Jeremiah 15:21.

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular (+ Hoph. infinitive (מקור) absolute) הָפְדֵּה לֹא נִפְדָּ֑תָה Leviticus 19:20 she hath not been at all ransomed (from bondage); future (עתיד) יִפָּדֶה Leviticus 27:29 (from ban); 3rd feminine singular צִיּוֹן בְּמִשְׁפָּט תִּפָּדֶ֑ה Isaiah 1:27.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular with suffix וְהֶפְדָּהּ Exodus 21:8 he shall let her be ransomed. Hiph. infinitive (מקור) absolute see Niph.

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פָּדוֹן

n.pr.m. (ransom; compare Phoenician פדי) head of family of Nethinim Ezra 2:44 Nehemiah 7:46; Φαδων.

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פְּדוּת

noun (fem.) ransom; פ׳ Psalms 111:9 + 2 times; פְּדֻת Exodus 8:19;—from exile Isaiah 50:2; from iniquities Psalms 130:7; in generally Psalms 111:9, שַׂמְתִּי פְדֻת בֵּין עַמִּי וּבֵין עְמֶּ֑ךָ Exodus 8:19 I will set a ransom (distinguishing) between my people and thy people Targum, but improb. and text doubtful; Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate set a distinction (reading what?).

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פִּדְיוֹם

noun (masc.) ransom;—Numbers 3:49, read probably פְּדוּיִם (so Sam.); פִּדְיֹם v Numbers 3:51 Kt (Qr פְּדוּיִם);—see פדה Qal participle (בינוני) passive, and פְּדוּיִם above

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פִּדְיוֹן

noun (masc.) the same;—פּ׳ נֶפֶשׁ Exodus 21:30; Psalms 49:9.

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פְּדַהְאֵל

n.pr.m. (Ēl hath ransomed; compare Phoenician בעלפדה; Assyrian Pudu-ilu, Pudi-ilu COT^Gloss.);—prince of Naphtali Numbers 34:28; Φαδαηλ.

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פְּדָהצוּר

n.pr.m. (the Rock hath ransomed) Manassite, Numbers 1:10; Numbers 2:20; Numbers 7:54, Numbers 7:59; Numbers 10:23 Φαδασσουρ.

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פְּדָיָהוּ

n.pr.m. (י׳ hath ransomed; in late Bab. Padâma, Hilpr^{Univ. Pa. Exp. ix. 27, 68});—פְּדָיָה:

father-in-law of Josiah II Kings 23:36, but Septuagint Εδειλ (SeptuagintL Ιερεμιας, from v II Kings 23:31).

father of Zerub. I Chronicles 3:18, I Chronicles 3:19.

Nehemiah 3:25.

Nehemiah 8:4.

Benjamite Nehemiah 11:7.

Levite Nehemiah 13:13.

פְּדָיָהוּ, Manassite I Chronicles 27:20—Septuagint (except 1) Φα(λ)δαιας, etc.

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פֶּה

noun (masc.) Joshua 9:2 mouth (probably bilit. [פו, פי] Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 183; Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Phoenician לפי according to; Assyrian pû, mouth; Arabic فُوهٌ, فَاهٌ, فِيهٌ; Ethiopic አፍ; Syriac ܠܦܽܘܬ according to; but also Arabic فَمّ, فُمّ, فِمّ, Biblical Aramaic פֻּם, Targum פּוּמָא; Syriac ܦܽܘܡܳܐ; Mand. פומא Noldeke^{Marti's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 87});—absolute פ׳ Exodus 4:10 +, construct פִּי Isaiah 1:20 +; with suffix 1st singular פִּי Genesis 45:12 +, 2nd masculine singular פִּיךָ Genesis 41:40 +, 3rd masculine singular פִּיו Genesis 25:28 +, פִּיהוּ Exodus 4:15 +, 3rd masculine plural פִּיהֶם Judges 7:6 +, פִּימוֹ Psalms 17:10 + 2 times, etc.; plural פִּיּוֹת Proverbs 5:4, פֵיוֹת (שְׁנֵי) Judges 3:16, פִּיפִיּוֹת Isaiah 41:15 Psalms 149:6; פִּים I Samuel 13:21 (corrupt, see Driver al.);—

mouth, of man, organ of eating and drinking Genesis 25:28 Judges 7:6 I Samuel 14:26, I Samuel 14:27 Nehemiah 9:20 Proverbs 19:24 = Proverbs 26:15 +; figuratively as finding things sweet Job 20:12 Psalms 119:103; figuratively of earth Genesis 4:11, swallowing Korah, etc. Numbers 16:30, Numbers 16:32; Numbers 26:10 Deuteronomy 11:6; figuratively also of She’ôl, וּפָֽעֲרָה פִיהָ Isaiah 5:14, compare Psalms 69:16.

external organ, וַיָּשֶׂם פִּיו עַל־פִּיו II Kings 4:34 Proverbs 30:20; of kissing I Kings 19:18 Song of Songs 1:2; וַתִּשַּׁק יָדִי לְפִי Job 31:27; compare phr. שִׂים יָד עַל־פֶּה (of keeping silence) Judges 18:19 Micah 7:16 Job 21:5, compare Job 29:9; Job 40:4 Proverbs 30:32; of mocking triumph פָּעַר עָלַי בְּפ׳ Job 16:10; הִרְחִיב פ׳ עַל Psalms 35:21 Isaiah 57:4, also רָחַב פִּי עַל I Samuel 2:1.

of י׳ in theoph., sending out fire II Samuel 22:9 = Psalms 18:9.

much oftener, as organ of speech, of man: פ׳ speaks Genesis 45:12 II Samuel 1:16 Isaiah 9:16 Job 9:20; Job 15:5, Job 15:6 Psalms 37:30 +; speak בְּמוֹ־פִי Job 19:16; open פ׳, אֶל־י׳ Judges 11:35, Judges 11:36, absolute Job 3:1; Job 33:2 +; shut פ׳ (be silent) Isaiah 52:15, compare חָשַׂךְ פ׳ Job 7:11, and (of iniquity, personif.) קָפַץ פ׳ Job 5:16 Psalms 107:42; guard פ׳, Proverbs 13:3 (נָצַר), Proverbs 21:23 (שָׁמַר), compare שָׁמַר פִּתְחֵי פ׳ Micah 7:5, also Psalms 39:2 (see שׁמר); words, etc., are in (ב) mouth II Samuel 17:5; II Samuel 18:25 Deuteronomy 30:14 I Kings 17:24; שִׂים דְּבָרִים בְּפ׳ II Samuel 14:3, II Samuel 14:19 Exodus 4:15, also (God subj.) Numbers 22:38; Numbers 23:12, Numbers 23:16 +; of utterance יָצָא מִפּ׳ Judges 11:36 Numbers 30:3; Numbers 32:24 Joshua 6:10 +; depart from mouth (cease to be mentioned) מוּשׁ מִפּ׳ Joshua 1:8 Isaiah 59:21, compare נִכְרַת מִפּ׳ Jeremiah 7:28, לֹא יִשָּׁמַע עַל־פִּיךָ Exodus 23:13; אִמְרֵי פ׳ Deuteronomy 32:1 words of my mouth, so Job 8:2 Psalms 19:15; Psalms 54:4; דִּבְרֵי פ׳ Psalms 36:4 Ecclesiastes 10:12, Ecclesiastes 10:13; of agency, בְּפּ׳ by the mouth of II Chronicles 36:21, II Chronicles 36:22 = מִפּ׳ Ezra 1:1; דִּבֶּר פִּיו עִם־פִּיו Jeremiah 32:4 speak mouth to mouth (compare Jeremiah 34:3 Numbers 12:8); פ׳ = speech Isaiah 29:13 Psalms 49:14 Ecclesiastes 10:13; כְּבַד פ׳ Exodus 4:10 heavy of speech (not eloquent); אֶהְיֶה עִם־פ׳ v Exodus 4:12, Exodus 4:15, that is aid thee in speaking; יִהְיֶה־לְּךָ לְפ׳ v Exodus 4:16 he shall be mouth for thee; מִפִּיו יִקְרָא אֵלַי Jeremiah 36:18, that is dictate; כָּתַב מִפּ׳ see כָּתַב 1 b (3); bad qualities ascribed to it, עִקְּשׁוּת פ׳ Proverbs 4:24; Proverbs 6:12; פִּי תַהְפֻּכוֹת Proverbs 8:13; פֶּה חָלָק Proverbs 26:28; אַל־תַּגְדֵּל פ׳ Obadiah 1:12, compare Micah 6:12 Ezekiel 35:13.

as laughing Job 8:21 Psalms 126:2; panting Psalms 119:131.

of God; his mouth speaks Isaiah 1:20; Isaiah 40:5 Jeremiah 9:11 +; he speaks בְּפ׳ I Kings 8:15, I Kings 8:34; wd. proceeds מִפּ׳ Deuteronomy 8:3 Isaiah 45:23 +; פֶּה אֶל־פֶּה אֲדַבֵּר בּוֹ Numbers 12:8; he creates בְּרוּחַ פִּיו Psalms 33:6; he executes judgment בְּשֵׁבֶט פִּיו Isaiah 11:4; especially = command: עָבַר אֶת־פִּי י׳ I Samuel 15:24 Numbers 14:41; Numbers 22:18; Numbers 24:13 Proverbs 8:29; פ׳ (אֶת־) מָרָה I Samuel 12:14, I Samuel 12:15 Numbers 20:24 I Kings 13:21 +; compare 6 d.

of idols, Psalms 115:5; Psalms 136:16, Psalms 136:17.

of musical instr. = sound Amos 6:5 (compare 6 d).

of animals: bird Genesis 8:11 (carrying), Isaiah 10:14 (chirping); ass Numbers 22:28 (speaking); bear, lion I Samuel 17:35 (seizing), Amos 3:12 (the same), hippop. Job 40:23 (drinking), crocod. Job 41:11, Job 41:13 (breathing flame); also of human foes, under figuratively of ravenous beasts Psalms 22:22 Ezekiel 21:27; Ezekiel 34:10; פָּצָה פ׳ עַל Psalms 22:14 Lamentations 2:16; Lamentations 3:46; hence of edge of sword, חֶרֶב פִּיּוֹת Proverbs 5:4 a sword with edges (in sim.), = ח׳ פִּיפִיּוֹת Psalms 149:6; compare Judges 3:16; see also 6 c (2), below; בַּעַל פִּיפִיּוֹת Isaiah 41:15, of מוֹרַג.

mouth = opening, orifice; of well Genesis 29:2, Genesis 29:3^(×2), Genesis 29:8, Genesis 29:10; cave Joshua 10:18, Joshua 10:22, Joshua 10:27; ravine, abyss Jeremiah 48:28 (si vera l., compare Gie); also of Sh^e’ôl Psalms 141:7; of a sack Genesis 42:27; Genesis 43:12, Genesis 43:21; Genesis 44:1, Genesis 44:2, Genesis 44:8; ephah Zechariah 5:8; high-priest’s robe Exodus 28:32 + 5 times, compare probably Psalms 133:2; tunic Job 30:18; of a round opening also I Kings 7:31^(×3) (on text and meaning see Benz Kittel); of mouth of Nile Isaiah 19:7 (others brink); gate of city Proverbs 8:3 (but read perhaps לִפְנֵי, see Toy).

extremity, end פֶּה לָפֶה from end to end, of a temple II Kings 10:21; city II Kings 21:16, מִפֶּה אֶל־פֶּה of land Ezra 9:11.

= portion, פִּי שְׁנַיִם †Deuteronomy 21:17 II Kings 2:9 Zechariah 13:8.

with preps.:—

אֶל פִּי, see below d(2).

כְּפִי: (a) according to the command of, I Chronicles 12:23; (b) according to the mouth of, that is in proportion to (compare Assyrian ki-i pi-i, Delitzsch^HWB325), †Exodus 16:21 they gathered it אִישׁ כְּפִי אָכְלוֹ each in proportion to his eating (v Exodus 16:16, Exodus 16:18 לְפִי), Leviticus 25:52 כְּפִי שָׁנָיו according to the number of his years (compare v Exodus 16:16 לְפִי); Numbers 6:21; Numbers 7:5 אִישׁ כְּפִי עֲבֹדָתוֹ (so II Chronicles 31:2), II Chronicles 7:7, II Chronicles 7:8; II Chronicles 35:8 (all P); Job 33:6 הֵן־אֲנִי כְפִיךָ לָאֵל I am in the proportion of thee as regards God, that is I stand towards God even as thou dost. As conjunction, כְּפִי אֲשֶׁר, †Malachi 2:9 כְּפִי אֲשֶׁר אֵינְכֶם שֹׁמְרִים אֶת־דְּרָכַי direct object as ye do not keep, etc.; and without אשׁר Zechariah 2:4 כְּפִי אִישׁ־לֹא נָשָׂא רֹאשׁוֹ in such proportion that none did lift up his head (but Wellhausen Nowack אֲשֶׁר for אִישׁ, that it, Judah, did not, etc.).

לְפִי, nearly i.q. כְּפִי (see לְ 5 i b), but more common (compare Aramaic לְפוּם, ܠܦܽܘܬ ): (1) †Genesis 47:12 לְפִי הַטָּ֑ף, Exodus 12:4 ye shall compute אִישׁ לְפִי אָכְלוֹ each according to his eating (according to the quantity which his family will consume), Exodus 16:16, Exodus 16:18 Leviticus 25:16 לְפִי רֹב הַשָּׁנִים, v Leviticus 25:16, Leviticus 25:51; Leviticus 27:16 לְפִי זַרְעוֹ, Numbers 26:54 Joshua 18:4 I Kings 17:1 לְפִי דְבָרִי כִּי אִם־, Hosea 10:12 קִצְרוּ לְפִי חֶסֶד (‖ לִצְדָקָה), Proverbs 12:8; Proverbs 27:21: followed by inf. Numbers 9:17 לְפִי הֵעָלוֹת הֶעָנָן = direct object as the cloud was lifted up, Jeremiah 29:10. (2) in the phr. לְפִי חֶרֶב according to the mouth, or measure, of the sword, that is as the sword devours, without quarter, Genesis 34:26 Exodus 17:13 Numbers 21:24 + often

עַל פִּי: (1) according to (עַל) 1st feminine a) the mouth of, that is (α) the command of, Genesis 41:40; Genesis 45:21 Exodus 17:1; Exodus 38:21 Numbers 3:16, Numbers 3:39 + (especially P), II Kings 23:35; (β) the evidence or sentence of, Deuteronomy 17:6 עַל־פִּי עֵד אֶחָד, Deuteronomy 19:15; Deuteronomy 21:5 (on עַל־פִּי הַנָּ֑כֶל Amos 6:5, see 2 e above). (2) according to the measure of, in accordance with, †Genesis 43:7 we told him על פי הדברים האלה according to these words (that is the questions Joseph asked), Exodus 34:27 in accordance with these words, Leviticus 27:8 על־פי אשׁר תַּשִּׂיג יַד הנֹּדֵר according to what the hand of the vower can reach to, v Leviticus 27:18 (compare לְפִי Leviticus 25:16, Leviticus 25:51), Deuteronomy 17:10, Deuteronomy 17:11 II Samuel 13:32 (but see שׂוּמָה), Proverbs 22:6 חֲנֹךְ לַנַּעַר על פי דרכו. In the same sense אֶל פִּ׳, †Joshua 15:13; Joshua 17:4; Joshua 21:3.

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פֹּה

and (Ezekiel 40-41, Ezekiel 23 out of 35 times) פּוֹ, also †Job 38:11 פֹּא, adverblocation here, hither (probably from the same demonst. √ found in ف so, then (often in apod.), אַף, אֵפוֹא: compare Konig^{ii. 1, 247 f., 243, 331 f.}):—

here:

Genesis 19:12 עֹד מִי־לְךָ פֹה whom hast thou still here? Genesis 22:5 שְׁבוּ לָכֶם פֹּה, Genesis 40:15; Numbers 22:8; Numbers 32:16 Deuteronomy 5:25; Deuteronomy 12:8 Judges 4:20 הֲיֵשׁ פֹּה אִישׁ, II Kings 3:11, etc.; asked in some surprise, Judges 18:3 מַה־לְּךָ פֹה = what is thy business here? simil. †I Kings 19:9, I Kings 19:13; Isaiah 22:16; Isaiah 52:5 וְעַתָּה מַה־לִּי־פֹה. Cf. the syn. בָּזֶה, כֹּה 2.

עַד־פֹּה †Job 38:11.

מִפֹּה or מִפּוֹ, only Ezekiel 40-41, and always (except Ezekiel 40:12, where it must be supplied with Septuagint Peshitta) repeated, on this side … on that side (compare מִזֶּה … מִזֶּה), Ezekiel 40:10^(×2), Ezekiel 40:12, b, Ezekiel 40:21^(×2), etc.

with the interrog. אֵי, אֵיפֹה where? see p. 33.

after a verb of motion, hither, I Samuel 16:11 עַד־בֹּאוֹ פֹה, Ezra 4:2.

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פּוּאָה

n.pr.m. in Issachar, Φουα, etc.;—פּוּאָה Judges 10:1 (see GFM), I Chronicles 7:1; פֻּוָּה Genesis 46:13; Numbers 26:3.

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פּוּחַ

verb breathe, blow (Mishnaic Hebrew פּוּחַ blow out; Arabic (فوخ), فَاخَ = Hebrew, so Aramaic פּוּחַ, ܦܳܚ );—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָפוּחַ הַיּוֹם Song of Songs 2:17; Song of Songs 4:6 until the day breathes, that is grows cool.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָפִיחַ Psalms 10:5 +; יָפִחַ Proverbs 14:25; וְיָפֵחַ Habakkuk 2:3, etc.; imperative (ציווי) fs. הָפִיחִי Song of Songs 4:16;—

cause garden (direct object) to exhale (sc. odours) Song of Songs 4:16.

puff, snort, against, ב person, Psalms 10:5.

עַל person, Ezekiel 21:36 with the fire of my wrath will I blow against thee.

excite, inflame city Proverbs 29:8.

c. לוֹ Psalms 12:6 puff, = pant for it (so most; Gesenius' Thesaurus Hitzig al. against whom men puff; Bae אֹפִיעַ לוֹ I will shine forth to him); לַקֵּץ Habakkuk 2:3 the vision panteth (hasteth) towards the end (so most).

breathe out, utter, כְּזָבִים Proverbs 6:19; Proverbs 14:5, Proverbs 14:25; Proverbs 19:5, Proverbs 19:9, אֱמוּנָה Proverbs 12:17.

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פִּיחַ

n.[m.] soot, Septuagint αἰθάλη (? wafted about);—construct פ׳ (הַ)כִּבְשָׁן Exodus 9:8, Exodus 9:10 furnace-soot.

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פּוּט

n.pr.gent. probably Libyans, or Lib. tribe; usually named with African peoples: Nahum 3:9; Jeremiah 46:9; Ezekiel 27:10; Ezekiel 30:5; Ezekiel 38:5 (Septuagint usually Λίβυες); Genesis 10:6 = I Chronicles 1:8 (Φουδ); + Isaiah 66:19 (for Masoretic Text פּוּל; Septuagint Φουδ),—vid. Dillmann Genesis 10:6 Jen^{ZA x. 325 ff.}.

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פּוּטִיאֵל

n.pr.m. Eleazar’s father-in-law Exodus 6:25, Φουτιηλ.

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פּוֹטִיפַר

n.pr.m. Joseph’s master (abbrev. from following);—Genesis 37:36, Genesis 39:1 (R^J), Πετεφρης, etc.

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פּוֹטִי פֶ֫רַע

n.pr.m. priest of On, Joseph’s father-in-law (Egyptian Pʾ-diʾ-pʾ-Rʿ, that is he whom the Ra gave, see Sethe^{De aleph prosthetico in ling. aeg. (1892), 31}; Driver in Hastings^DB);—Genesis 41:45, Genesis 41:50, Genesis 46:20, Πετεφρης, A Πετρεφης.

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פּוּךְ

n.[m.] antimony, stibium (Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; compare poss. Arabic فَكَّ open, separate; Syriac ܦܰܟ pulverize; but פּוּךְ perhaps foreign word);—black mineral powder, for increasing brilliance of eyes by darkening edges of lids; וַתָּשֶׂם בַּפּ׳ עֵינֶיהָ II Kings 9:30, תִּקְרְעִי וגו׳ Jeremiah 4:30; (on practice in Arabic see Wellhausen^{GGN, 1893, 443}; in Egypt, Lane^{Mod. Egyptian ed. 5, i. 45f.}); figuratively Isaiah 54:11 of dark cement setting off precious stones (but Wellhausen^{DLZ, Aug. 2, 1890} Cheyne^Haupt. al. read נֹפֶךְ q.see); אַבְנֵי פ׳ I Chronicles 29:2 are perhaps stones of brilliant hue of antimony.—Cf. n.pr. קֶרֶן הַפּוּךְ, and כָּחַל.

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פּוּל

n.pr.m. = תִּגְלַת פְּלֶאסֶר (q.see) (Assyrian Pulu; Babylonian name of TP, Schr^{SBAk 1887, 592; KB ii, 287, compare 277} Tiele^{Gesch. 266f.}; compare (through Pers. trad., EMey^{Entstehung, 30}) Πῶρος, Canon of Ptol. Schrader's Keilinschriften^{2, 490}); II Kings 15:19^(×2); I Chronicles 5:26, Φουα[λ].—Isaiah 66:19, see פוט.

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פּוּן

verb (?); only אָפוּנָה Psalms 88:16; read probably אֶפּוֹגָה, see פוג, אָפוּגָה.

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פּוּעָה

n.pr.f. a midwife Exodus 1:15, Φουα.

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פּוּץ

verb be dispersed, scattered (Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; perhaps akin to Arabic فَضَّ break asunder, scatter);—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יָפוּצוּ Psalms 68:2, יָפֻצוּ Ezekiel 46:18 +; 3rd feminine plural וַתְּפוּצֶינָה Ezekiel 34:5 +, וּתְפוּצֶינָה Zechariah 13:7, etc.; imperative (ציווי) mpl. פֻּצוּ I Samuel 14:34; participle (בינוני) passive plural with suffix פּוּצַי Zephaniah 3:10 (see below);—be dispersed, disperse, בָּעָם I Samuel 14:34; be scattered, of enemies I Samuel 11:11; Numbers 10:35 Psalms 68:2; of Isr. (among nations) under figuratively of flock Ezekiel 34:5^(×2); Zechariah 13:7; בַּת־פּוּצַי Zephaniah 3:10 is probably crpt., and v Zephaniah 3:9, Zephaniah 3:10 gloss see Schwally^{journal ZAW x (1890), 203} Nowack Davidson; of besieging army II Samuel 20:22 (מֵעַל הָעִיר); people from (מִן) possessions Ezekiel 46:18; men (from Babel) Genesis 11:4 (עַל location).

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular נָפ֫וֹצָה Jeremiah 10:21, 3rd plural נָ֫פֹצוּ Genesis 10:18 +, 2nd masculine plural נְפֹצֹתֶם Ezekiel 11:17 +, etc.; participle (בינוני) f. נָפ֫וֹצֶת II Samuel 18:8 Qr (> Kt נפצות) compare Driver al.; plural נְפֹצִים I Kings 22:17, נְפוֹצִים II Chronicles 18:16;—

be scattered, of army II Kings 25:5 (מֵעַל person) = Jeremiah 52:8, I Kings 22:17 (אֶל location) = II Chronicles 18:16 (עַל), compare Jeremiah 40:15 (absolute); of dispersed Isr. c. ב location Ezekiel 11:17; Ezekiel 20:34, Ezekiel 20:41; Ezekiel 28:25, as flock Jeremiah 10:21; Ezekiel 34:6 (עַל location), v Ezekiel 34:12 (שָׁם); Egyptians Ezekiel 29:13 (שָׁמָּה); of battle scattered over country by defeat II Samuel 18:8.

be spread abroad, of peoples Genesis 10:18.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular consec. וְהֵפִיץ Deuteronomy 4:27 +, 1st singular consec. וַהֲפִיצוֹתִי Ezekiel 22:15, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָפִיץ Job 37:11, וַיָּ֫פֶץ Genesis 11:8 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. הָפֵץ Job 40:11; infinitive (מקור) construct לְהָפִיץ Ezekiel 20:23, etc.;—

trans. scatter:

with a direct object person Genesis 11:8, Genesis 11:9 (עַל location), Isaiah 41:16; Habakkuk 3:14; c. ב Genesis 49:7; Isr. among (ב) nations Deuteronomy 4:27; Deuteronomy 28:64; Jeremiah 9:15; Ezekiel 11:16; Ezekiel 12:15; Ezekiel 20:23; Ezekiel 22:15; Ezekiel 36:19; Nehemiah 1:8; c. שׁם(ה) Deuteronomy 30:3; Jeremiah 30:11; c. אֶל location Ezekiel 34:21; absolute Jeremiah 13:24; Jeremiah 18:17, under figuratively of flock Jeremiah 23:1, Jeremiah 23:2; Gratz reads אֲפִיצֵם also Deuteronomy 32:26 (see [פאה]); Egyptians (c. ב) Ezekiel 29:12; Ezekiel 30:23, Ezekiel 30:26; inhab. of earth Isaiah 24:1.

with a direct object rei, arrows (figuratively for lightnings) II Samuel 22:15 = Psalms 18:15, Psalms 144:6; cloud Job 37:11; הָפֵץ עַבְרוֹת אַפֶּ֑ךָ Job 40:11 (that is lightnings?); seed Isaiah 28:25.

וֶהֱפִיצֻהוּ Job 18:11 and drive him (si vera l., vid. conjunction in Budde).

intrans., scatter, c. ב location Exodus 5:12, c. מֵעַל person I Samuel 13:8; of wind Job 38:24 (עַל location).

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פּוּץ²

verb flow, overflow (Arabic فَاضَ flow, compare Barth^{ES 69});—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יָפוּצוּ Proverbs 5:16 of springs, figuratively for sources of pleasure; 3rd feminine plural תְּפוּצֶנָה עָרַי מִטּוֹב Zechariah 1:17 my cities shall overflow with good.

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פּוּר

noun (masc.) lot (Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; perhaps Assyrian loan-word from puru, buru, stone Jen^{ZA x. 339 f.} and in Wild ^{Est p. 173 f.});—expl. by הַגּוֹרָל Esther 3:7; Esther 9:24; שֵׁם הַפּוּר v Esther 9:26 explains name of feast פּוּרִים v Esther 9:26; יְמֵי הַפֻּרִים days of Purim v Esther 9:28, Esther 9:31; אִגֶּרֶת הַפּ׳ v Esther 9:29, דִּבְרֵי הַפּ׳ v Esther 9:32.—Vid. on Purim especially Nowack^{Arch. ii. 194 ff.} and reff.

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פור

(√ following; poss. foam, compare Arabic ((فور), فَارَ), boil, ferment; Syriac ܦܘܪ, Ethpe., of anger).

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פּוּרָה

noun (fem.) wine-press;—פ׳ דָּרַכְתִּי Isaiah 63:3 (see דָּרַךְ 3); disting. from יֶקֶב, and perhaps part of it, Haggai 2:16 (reading מִפּ׳, so Smend Nowack; usually measure of juice from one filling of the פ׳, see Ke).

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פור²

see II. פרר.

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פּוֹרָתָא

n.pr.m. son of Haman Esther 9:8, Φαραδαθα, Βαρδαθα.

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פַּז

see I. פזז.

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פָּזַז

verb

be refined (?) (doubtful √);—participle (בינוני) זָהָב מוּפָ֑ז I Kings 10:18 refined gold (si vera l.; Septuagint δόκιμος, ‖ II Chronicles 9:17 טָהוֹר).

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פַּז²

noun (masc.) ^{Psalms 19:11} refined, pure gold (Talm. פִּיזָּא; Targum פִּיזּוּזָא);—עֲטֶרֶת פָּ֑ז Psalms 21:4; in compar. of value or beauty: Lamentations 4:2, אַדְנֵי־פ׳ Song of Songs 5:15; ‖ (or +) זהב Job 28:17 (כְּלִי־פ׳), Psalms 19:11 (+ רָ֑ב); Psalms 119:127; ‖ כֶּתֶם Isaiah 13:12, compare כֶּתֶם פ׳ Song of Songs 5:11; + חָרוּץ Proverbs 8:19.

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פָּזַז²

verb be supple, agile (Talm. (rare) פְּזִיזָא hasty; Arabic فَزَّ be frightened, excited; Syriac (Lexx.) ܦܰܙ leap, ܦܰܙܻܝܙܳܐ agile, etc.);—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural וַיָּפֹ֫זּוּ Genesis 49:27, of arms.

shew agility, leap (in dance), participle (בינוני) מְפַזֵּז וּמְכַרְכֵּר II Samuel 6:16.

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פָּזַר

verb scatter (usually regarded as secondary form of בזר q.see; Mishnaic Hebrew the same Pi. (opposite כנם = כנשׁ), Niph.; Arabic فَزَرَ rend, slit, also separate, disperse);—

participle (בינוני) passive f. שֶׂה פְזוּרָה Jeremiah 50:17 a scattered sheep is Israel (that is driven off, isolated).

past (עבר) 3rd plural נִפְזְרוּ Psalms 141:7 our bones are scattered לְפִי שְׁאוֹל.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular פִּזַּר Psalms 53:6; Psalms 112:9, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְפַזֵּר Psalms 147:16; 2nd feminine singular וַתְּפַזְּרִי Jeremiah 3:13; participle (בינוני) מְפַזֵּר Proverbs 11:24;—scatter Psalms 89:11; Psalms 53:6; Psalms 147:16 (all subj. י׳), Joel 4:2; obj. דְּרָכַיִךְ Jeremiah 3:13, of Isr. running hither and thither to strange gods; absolute of spending money Psalms 112:9 (alms), Proverbs 11:24.

participle (בינוני) מְפֻוָּר Esther 3:8 scattered, of Isr.

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פַּח

see פחח.

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פָּחַד

verb dread, be in dread, in awe (Mishnaic Hebrew Hithp. (rare), Ben Sira 41:12 imperative (ציווי) פחד על fear for; Targum פַּחְדָּא n.);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular פָּחַד Psalms 119:161, וּפ׳ consec. Isaiah 19:16; Isaiah 60:5; 1st singular פָּחַדְתִּי Job 3:25, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִפְחָ֑ד Isaiah 19:17; 2nd masculine singular תִּפְחָ֑ד Deuteronomy 28:67 +, etc.;—

be in dread, absolute Deuteronomy 28:66; Isaiah 12:2; Isaiah 33:14; Isaiah 44:8, Isaiah 44:11 Psalms 78:53; Proverbs 3:24; לֹא פ׳ Jeremiah 36:24 sign of callousness; with a direct object cogn. פַּחַד Deuteronomy 28:67; Job 3:25 Psalms 14:5 = Psalms 53:6; c. מִן person Isaiah 19:17 Job 23:15 Psalms 27:1 (‖ יָרֵא), compare Psalms 119:161, and (c. מִפְּנֵי) Isaiah 19:16; c. עַל rei Jeremiah 33:9 (+ רָֽגְזוּ); c. אֶל, pregn., turn in dread to each other Jeremiah 36:16, submitting to י׳ Hosea 3:5 Micah 7:17 (‖ יָרֵא).

be in awe (at י׳’s favour), absolute, Isaiah 60:5.

be in great dread, future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular וַתְּפַחֵד Isaiah 51:13, c. מִפְּנֵי rei; participle (בינוני) absolute מְפַחֵד Proverbs 28:14 deeply dreading (sc. sin).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִפְחִיד Job 4:14 filled my bones with dread.

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פַּ֫חַד

noun (masc.) I Samuel 11:7 dread;—פ׳ absolute Genesis 31:42 +, construct I Samuel 11:7 +, with suffix פַּחְדְּךָ Deuteronomy 2:25 Psalms 119:120, פַּחְדּוֹ Job 13:11 I Chronicles 14:17, etc.; plural פְּחָדִים Job 15:21:—

dread, פ׳ י׳, that is before י׳, often (not always) terrifying, unfitting for action, †Isaiah 2:10, Isaiah 2:19, Isaiah 2:21; I Samuel 11:7; II Chronicles 14:13; II Chronicles 17:10, so פ׳ אֱלֹהִים †II Chronicles 20:29, c. with suffix Job 13:11 Psalms 119:120 trembleth for dread of thee; c. genit. obj. Isr., †Deuteronomy 2:25 (‖ יִרְאָה), Deuteronomy 11:25 (‖ מוֹרָא), Psalms 105:38 Esther 8:17; Esther 9:2, פ׳ אוֹיֵב †Psalms 64:2, of individual †I Chronicles 14:17; Esther 9:3; c. genit. obj. rei Proverbs 1:33; absolute, in generally, Exodus 15:16 (song; ‖ אֵימָ֫תָה), Job 4:14 (‖ רְעָדָה), Jeremiah 30:5 (‖ קוֹל חֲרָדָה) +; as direct object cogn. c. פָּחַד Psalms 14:5 + (see פָּחַד); c. genit. subj. †Proverbs 1:26, Proverbs 1:27 (both ‖ אֵיד) Deuteronomy 28:67.

= object of dread †Psalms 31:12; Psalms 36:2, פ׳ אֵלַי Job 31:23; פַּחַד פָּחַדְתִּי †Job 3:25; מִקּוֹל הַפַּחַד †Isaiah 24:18 sound of the disaster, for מִפְּנֵי הַפּ׳ of orig. Jeremiah 48:44, but קוֹל פְּחָדִים †Job 15:21 = a sound of terrors; פ׳ פִּתְאֹם Job 22:10; Proverbs 3:25.

as design. dei †פ׳ יִצְחָק Genesis 31:42 (‖ אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם), so v Genesis 31:53 (‖ the same; both E).

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פַּ֫חַד²

n.[m.] thigh (probably loan-word (through Aramaic, otherwise ذ = ז) from Arabic فَخِذٌ thigh and (compare Wellhausen^{GGN, 1893, 479}) sub-tribe, Palmyrene פחד tribe);—גִּידֵי פַחְדּוֹ Job 40:17 Kt the sinews of his thigh (Qr dual פַחֲדָיו), of hippopotamus.

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פֶּחָה

noun (masc.) II Kings 18:24 governor (loan-word from Assyrian paḫâti [abbrev. from bêl paḫâti], lord of a district; compare perhaps Old Aramaic פחי governor);—absolute הַפּ׳ Nehemiah 5:14, construct פַּחַ֫ת Haggai 1:1 +, פַּחַת־ Haggai 2:21; with suffix פֶּחָתֶ֑ךָ Malachi 1:8, פֶּחֶם Nehemiah 5:14 (but read probably פֶּחָה); plural absolute פַּחוֹת I Kings 20:24 +; construct פַּחוֹת I Kings 10:15 = II Chronicles 9:14, פַּחֲווֹת Ezra 8:36 +; with suffix פַּחוֹתֶיהָ Jeremiah 51:28, Jeremiah 51:57;—as Assyrian captains II Kings 18:24 = Isaiah 36:9 (< del. פ׳, compare Stade^{journal ZAW vi (1886), 182} al.), compare Ezekiel 23:6, Ezekiel 23:12; of Babylon Jeremiah 51:23, Jeremiah 51:57, and Bab. allies Ezekiel 23:23; of Media Jeremiah 51:28; Pers. governor of עֵבֶר הַנָּהָר, that is in Pal., Haggai 1:1, Haggai 1:14; Haggai 2:2, Haggai 2:21; Nehemiah 2:7, Nehemiah 2:9 + 8 times; Pers. satraps in generally Esther 3:12; Esther 8:9; Esther 9:3; applied (by late writer) to Sol.’s governors I Kings 10:15 = II Chronicles 9:14; Benhadad’s captains I Kings 20:24 (del. see, Stade al.).—compare Biblical Aramaic

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פַּ֫חַז

n.[m.] wantonness, recklessness, unbridled license;—Genesis 49:4, abstr. for concr. (+ כַּמַּיִםִ like [boiling, or overflowing] water).

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פַּח²

noun (masc.) ^{Psalms 124:7} bird-trap (compare Wilkinson ^{Egyptians (1878) ii, 103, 109 f.} Driver Amos 3:5 Hoffmann^{journal ZAW iii (1883), 101});* compare also Baldensperger^{PEF 1905, 38} (paḥ used now פ׳ absolute Hosea 5:1 +, פָּ֑ח Jeremiah 48:44 +; construct פַּח Hosea 9:8 +; plural פַּחִים Jeremiah 18:22 +;—

literally יַעֲלֶה פ׳ Amos 3:5 b (as metaphorically; v a del. פ׳); Proverbs 7:23; Ecclesiastes 9:12 (c. אָחוּז; both in sim.).

usually figuratively (sometimes ‖ מוֹקֵשׁ, רֶשֶׁת, צַמִּים):

of calamities and plots, פ׳ יָקוֹשׁ Hosea 9:8, compare Psalms 91:3; Psalms 124:7; פ׳ alone Jeremiah 48:43 = Isaiah 24:17; Job 22:10 Psalms 124:7; Proverbs 22:5; טָמַן פ׳ לְ Jeremiah 18:22 Psalms 140:6; Psalms 142:4; נָתַן פ׳ לְ Psalms 119:110, יָקַשׁ פ׳ לְ Psalms 141:9; יֹאחֵז בְּעָקֵב פ׳ Job 18:9; יִלָּכֵד בַּפּ׳ Jeremiah 48:44 = Isaiah 24:18.

= source or agent of calamity Hosea 5:1; Joshua 23:13, Isaiah 8:14 Psalms 69:23.—Psalms 11:6 see פֶּחָם.

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פַּח³

plate of metal; plural רִקֻּעֵי פַחִים Numbers 17:3; construct וַיְרַקְּעוּ אֶת־פַּחֵי הַזָּהָב Exodus 39:3.

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פֶּחָם

n.[m.] coal (coll.); absolute פ׳, as inflammable, פ׳ לְגֶחָלִים Proverbs 26:21 (charcoal for embers, Toy); of glowing coal Isaiah 44:12, אֵשׁ פ׳ Isaiah 54:16; Psalms 11:6 for Masoretic Text פַּחִ֑ים אֵשׁ read פַּחַם אֵשׁ (or פַּחֲמֵי) coals of fire (‖ גָּפְרִית), so Ewald al.

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פַּ֫חַת

noun (masc.) ^{II Samuel 18:17} (in II Samuel 17:9 read בְּאַחַד) pit;—פ׳ absolute Jeremiah 48:13 +, פָּ֑חַת v Jeremiah 48:28; plural פְּחָתִים II Samuel 17:9;—pit, II Samuel 17:9; II Samuel 18:17; Jeremiah 48:28 (Gie qu. text); figuratively of calamity פַּחַד וָפ׳ וָפָ֑ח Jeremiah 48:43 compare v Jeremiah 48:44^(×2) = Isaiah 24:17 compare v Isaiah 24:18^(×2) and Lamentations 3:47.

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פְּחֶ֫תֶת

noun (fem.) a boring or eating out;—Leviticus 13:55, of leprous decay in garment.

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פַּ֫חַת מוֹאָב

n.pr.m. post-exile name;—בֶּן־פ׳ מ׳ Nehemiah 3:11 (Φααβ[θ]μωαβ, SeptuagintL Ερωμαθ), בְּנֵי־פ׳ מ׳ Ezra 2:6 = Nehemiah 7:11; Ezra 8:4 (all Φααθμωαβ, etc.), Ezra 10:30; פ׳ מ׳ Nehemiah 10:15 (both Φααδ[θ]μωαβ, etc.).

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פִּטְדָה

noun (fem.) (m. according to Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 108}) topaz or chrysolite (according to Septuagint τοπάζιον, Vulgate topazius, etc.; probably foreign word, compare Skr. pîta (probably yellow));—named with other precious stones Ezekiel 28:13; Exodus 28:17 = Exodus 39:10; construct פִּטְדַת־כּוּשׁ Job 28:19.—Vid. Plin^{Mishnaic Hebrew xxxvii. 8 (32)}, Houghton in Smend^{DB, Topaz} Ri^{HWB, Edelstein}.

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פַּטִּישׁ

noun (masc.) ^{Jeremiah 50:23} forge-hammer;—(Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Aramaic loan-word according to Frä ⁸⁵, and so Arabic فِطِّيسٌ (compare Arabic trad. in Lane), see Targum פַּטִּישָׁא; but Lagarde^{BN 103} cp. فِطِّيسَةٌ swine’s snout, Syriac ܦܛܰܫ flat-nosed);—פ׳ absolute Isaiah 41:7 Jeremiah 23:29; construct Jeremiah 50:23 figuratively of Bab. as destroyer.

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פָּטַר

verb separate, remove, set free (Mishnaic Hebrew depart, set free, Niph. also die; Phoenician פטר CIS ^{102a, 2} depart (die?); Assyrian Paṭâru, split, break through, ipṭiru, ransom, TelAm. escape, set free (perhaps Canaanit.); Arabic فَطَرَ cleave, split, also create; Ethiopic ፈጠረ create, fabricate; Aramaic פְּטַר, ܦܛܰܪ withdraw, depart);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular פ׳ II Chronicles 23:8; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיִּפְטַר I Samuel 19:10; participle (בינוני) active פּוֹטֵר Proverbs 17:14; passive פְּטוּרִים I Chronicles 9:33 Qr (Kt פטירים); construct פְּטוּרֵי I Kings 6:18, I Kings 6:29, I Kings 6:32, פְּטֻרֵי v I Kings 6:35;—

intrans. remove oneself, specif. escape I Samuel 19:10 (מִפְּנֵי, compare Driver).

trans. set free from duty II Chronicles 23:8 (direct object person), so passive I Chronicles 9:33 Qr (Kt פטירים adjective or Aramaic pt., same meaning); פ׳ מַיִם Proverbs 17:14 set free, let out; passive פְּטוּרֵי צִצִּים term. techn. of ornament in temple, doubtful, usually out-spread (garlands) of flowers I Kings 6:18, I Kings 6:29, I Kings 6:32, I Kings 6:35.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַפְטִירוּ בְשָׂפָה Psalms 22:8 they separate with the lip, that is open mouth wide (insultingly).*

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פֶּ֫טֶר

n.[m.] that which separates, first opens;—construct, פּ׳ רֶחֶם that is firstborn, of man and beast, Ezekiel 20:26; Exodus 13:12, Exodus 13:15; Exodus 34:19; Numbers 18:15; appos. בְּכוֹר Exodus 13:2 Numbers 3:12; רֶחֶם om. Exodus 13:12, Exodus 13:13; Exodus 34:19, Exodus 34:20.

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פִּטְרָה

noun (fem.) the same, פִּטְרַת כָּל־רֶהֶם Numbers 8:16.

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פִּי הַחִירֹת

n.pr.location on E. border of Egypt, Exodus 14:2, Exodus 14:9 (Septuagint ἡ ἔπαυλις), Numbers 33:7 (Ε(π)ιρωθ) + v Numbers 33:8 (read מִפִּי ה׳ Sam. Peshitta Vulgate Targum, or מִפְּנֵי פִי ה׳, for Masoretic Text מִפְּנֵי ה׳, compare Dillmann). Site unknown.

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פִּיחַ²

see פוח.

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פִּימָה

noun (fem.) superabundance (of fat);—פ׳ Job 15:27 (‖ חֶלְבּוֹ).

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פִּינְחָס

n.pr.m. (Egyptian Pe-nehasi, the negro, according to Lauth ^{Moses (1868), 71, ZMG xxv (1871), 139 f.} compare Nestle^{Eg 112, AJSL xiii (1897) 174} Baen Exodus 6:25, yet see Dillmann);—

grandson of Aaron, Φ(ε)ινεες, Exodus 6:25; Numbers 25:7 + 16 times

son of Eli I Samuel 1:3 (†פִּנְחָם), I Samuel 2:34; I Samuel 4:4, I Samuel 4:11, I Samuel 4:17, I Samuel 4:19; I Samuel 14:3.

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פִּינֹן

n.pr.m. Edomite Genesis 36:41; I Chronicles 1:52, Φινες, Φινων, Φινα;—compare פּוּנֹן.

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פִּיפִיּוֹת

see פֶּה.

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פִּישׁוֹן

n.pr.fl. (Gesenius' Thesaurus sub פושׁ, compare especially Nestle^{Marg. 5}, but doubtful);—one of the rivers of Eden Genesis 2:11, Φ(ε)ισων, (on theories of identif. see Comm., also reff. sub גִּיחוֹן).

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פִּיתוֹן

n.pr.m. descendant of Saul I Chronicles 8:35 = פִּיתֹן I Chronicles 9:41, Φιθων, Φαιθων, SeptuagintL Φιθωθ.

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פַּךְ

noun (masc.) ^{II Kings 9:1} phial, flask;—construct פ׳ הַשֶּׁמֶן, for anointing, I Samuel 10:1; II Kings 9:1, II Kings 9:3.

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פֶּלֶא

noun (masc.) wonder (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; as unusual, extraordinary);—פ׳ Exodus 15:11 + 6 times; with suffix פִּלְאֲךָ Psalms 89:6; פִּלְאֶ֑ךָ Psalms 77:12; Psalms 88:13; plural פְּלָאִים Lamentations 1:9; fpl. פְּלָאוֹת Psalms 119:129 Daniel 12:6;—

wonder: extraordinary, hard to be understood, God’s dealings with His people Isaiah 29:14; the testimonies of the Law Psalms 119:129; פֶּלֶא יוֹעֵץ Isaiah 9:5 marvel of a counsellor (Baer פֵּלֶא), wonderful counsellor (of Mess. king); plural as adverb direct object וַתֵּרֶד פ׳ Lamentations 1:9 she (Jerus.) hath come down marvellously.

wonder: of God’s acts of judgment and redemption Psalms 77:12; Psalms 88:13; Psalms 89:6; עשׂה פ׳ Exodus 15:11; Isaiah 25:1 Psalms 77:15; Psalms 78:12; Psalms 88:11; of extraord. trials קֵץ הפ׳ Daniel 12:6.

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פַּלּוּא

n.pr.m. (DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 9, 1} cp. Liḥy. n.pr. פלה);—son of Reuben Genesis 46:9; Exodus 6:14 Numbers 26:5, Numbers 26:8; I Chronicles 5:3, Φαλλου(ς), etc.; see also פֶּלֶת.

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פִּלְאִי

adjective wonderful, incomprehensible;—m. פלאי (that is פִּלְאִי Kt, Judges 13:18 (name of מַלְאַךְ י׳; > Qr (א)פֶּ֫לִי); f. פלאיה דַעַת מִמֶּנִּי (that is פִּלְאִיָה) Psalms 139:6 God’s knowledge; > Qr פְּלִיאָה.

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פְּלָאיָה

n.pr.m. Nehemiah 8:7; Nehemiah 10:11, SeptuagintL Φαλαιας.

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פְּלָיָה

n.pr.m. (late Assyrian Pi-lîâma Hilpr^{Univ. Pa. Exp. ix. 68});—I Chronicles 3:24, Φαρα, Φαλαια, Φαδια.

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פָּלַג

verb split, divide (Mishnaic Hebrew chiefly in secondary meanings and deriv.; Arabic فَلَجَ divide, split; Aramaic פְּלֵיג, ܦܠܰܓ divide; Ethiopic ፈለግ ravine, stream; Assyrian palgu, canal);—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular נִפְלְגָה Genesis 10:25; I Chronicles 1:19 was divided (earth).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular פִּלַּג Job 38:25 cleave a channel for rain.

imperative (ציווי) ms. פַּלַּג (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 52 n) Psalms 55:10 divide their speech (their counsels).

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פֶּ֫לֶג

n.pr.m. son of Eber, Φαλεκ, SeptuagintL Φαλεγ: Genesis 10:25; Genesis 11:17, Genesis 11:18, Genesis 11:19; I Chronicles 1:19, I Chronicles 1:25, פָּ֑לֶג Genesis 11:16.

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פִּלֶ֫גֶשׁ

noun (fem.) concubine (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Targum Yerushalmi פִּילַּקְתָּא (פַּלְקְתָא), perhaps influenced by Gk. παλλακή, παλλακίς (proposes young girl), Lat. pellex; orig. Gk. word according to Stade^{G. i.380}, compare also Lewy^{Fremdw. 66 f.}; on poss. Hittite origin see Jen^{ZMG xlviii (1894), 468 ff.});—פִּ׳ absolute II Samuel 3:7, construct II Samuel 21:11, פִּי׳ absolute Genesis 36:12; Judges 19:1, construct Genesis 35:22 + 4 times; with suffix פִּילַנְשׁוֹ Genesis 22:24 +, שֵׁהוּ- Judges 19:24; שִׁי- Judges 20:4 + 2 times; plural פִּלַגְשִׁים II Samuel 5:13 + 2 times, פִּי׳ Genesis 25:6 + 5 times; construct פִּלַגְשֵׁי II Samuel 16:21, II Samuel 16:22; with suffix פִּילַגְשָׁיו II Chronicles 11:21, פִּלַגְשֶׁיךָ II Samuel 19:6, פִּלַגְשֵׁיהֶם Ezekiel 23:20;—

concubine Genesis 22:24; Genesis 25:6; Genesis 35:22; Genesis 36:12; Judges 8:31; Judges 19:1 + 10 times Judges 19, Judges 20, II Samuel 3:7^(×2) + 7 times 2 S, I Kings 11:13; I Chronicles 1:32 + 6 times Ch, Esther 2:14 Song of Songs 6:8, Song of Songs 6:9.

either = paramour (perhaps contempt.; ὁ πάλλαξ = youth), or < concubinage Ezekiel 23:20 (figuratively of Jerusalem doting on Babylon).

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פִּלְדָּשׁ

n.pr.m. Nahorite Genesis 22:22, Φαλδας.

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פְּלֹנִי

pron. a certain one; Gk. ὁ, ἡ δεῖνα (according to Gesenius' Thesaurus from above √, through an unused noun פָּלֹן, proposes one defined, a particular one: Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic ܦܠܳܢ, f. ܦܠܳܢܻܝܬܳܐ; Arabic فُلَانُ W^{AG i. § 353 R. c}, voc. فُلُ Siegf^{ZWTh xxvii. 355}; Assyrian pulpul Haupt^{BAS i. 114}), always joined with אַלְמֹנִי (proposes one not mentioned) in the sense of ‘ein gewisser verschwiegener’ (Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 106 c, 2 Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 150 b), ‘a certain unnamed one,’ that is such a one; Ruth 4:1 שְׁבָה־פֹּה פְּלֹנִי אַלְמֹנִי sit down here, such a one (Gk. ὦ οὗτος; Arabic يَا فُلُ); in the phr. מְקוֹם פ׳ א׳ the place of such a one = such and such a place, I Samuel 21:3 II Kings 6:8. From פ׳ א׳ arose by contraction (or conflation, Perles^{Anal. 82}) פַּלְמֹנִי †Daniel 8:13 ויאמר … לַפּ׳ הַמְדַבֵּר to that certain one who spake.—ii. פְּלֹנִי see p. 813.

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פָּלַח

verb cleave (Arabic فَلَحَ cleave; Aramaic פְּלַח (usually), ܦܠܰܚ, are till, work, serve [= עָבַד]);—

participle (בינוני) פֹּלֵהַ Psalms 141:7 of cleaving, ploughing, בָּאָרֶץ (‖בקע).

future (עתיד)

cleave open, through, 3rd masculine singular יְפַלַּח of piercing kidneys Job 16:13, liver Proverbs 7:23 (both figuratively); וַיְּפַלַּח אֶל II Kings 4:39 of cutting up (fruit) into pot.

cause to cleave open, 3rd feminine plural יַלְדֵיהֶן תְּפַלַּחְנָה Job 39:3 of animals bringing forth young, read perhaps תְּפַלַּטְנָה (Job 21:10).

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פֶּ֫לַח

noun (fem.) Job 41:16 cleavage, mill-stone (mill cleft betw. the stones? compare GFM^Ju; Targum פִּלְחָא);—פ׳ absolute Job 41:16, elsewhere construct;—

mill-stone, פ׳ רֶכֶב mill-stone of riding, that is upper stone, wh. is turned (compare רֶכֶב), Judges 9:53; II Samuel 11:21; פ׳ תַּחְתִּית Job 41:16 lower mill-stone (sim. of hardness).

cleavage, split hence slice פֶּלַח הָרִמּוֹן Song of Songs 4:3 = Song of Songs 6:7 sim. of human temple (from colour; compare Wetzstein in Del^{Comm. Excurs. A}); also פֶּלַח דְּבֵלָה slice of fig-cake I Samuel 30:12.

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פִּלְחָא

(Baer פִּלְחָה) n.pr.m. post-exilic name Nehemiah 10:25; Φαδαεις, SeptuagintL Φαλλαει.

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פַּלְטִי

adjectivegent. see בֵּית פָּ֑לֶט.

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פָּלִיט

noun (masc.) ^{Amos 9:1} escaped one, fugitive;—פ׳ absolute II Kings 9:15 +; plural construct פְּלִיטֵי Judges 12:4 +; with suffix פְּלְיטָיו Obadiah 1:14, etc.;—Amos 9:1; II Kings 9:15; Genesis 14:13; Ezekiel 24:26, Ezekiel 24:27; Ezekiel 33:21 (+ מִן location), v Ezekiel 33:22; שָׂרִיד וּפ׳ Joshua 8:22; Jeremiah 42:17; פ׳ וְשָׂרִיד Jeremiah 44:14 Lamentations 2:22; c. genit. subj. Judges 12:5 fugitives of Ephr. (del. in v Judges 12:4, see GFM), so c. with suffix Ezekiel 6:9; Ezekiel 7:16 Obadiah 1:14; c. genit. obj., escaped of, that is from Isaiah 45:20, so פְּלִיטֵי חֶרֶב Jeremiah 44:28; Ezekiel 6:8.

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פָּלֵיט

noun (masc.) the same;—plural פְּלֵיטִם Numbers 21:29 (as appos., or adjective), ים—ִ Isaiah 66:19; פְּלֵטִים Jeremiah 44:14, + מִן from Jeremiah 50:28; Jeremiah 51:50.

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פְּלֵיטָה

noun (fem.) escape (on form compare> Barth^{NB 144, 166});—absolute פ׳ Genesis 32:9 +, פְּלֵטָה Exodus 10:5 +; construct פְּלֵיטַת II Kings 19:30 +;—

escape, deliverance Genesis 45:7 Jeremiah 25:35.

elsewhere probably always escaped remnant:

of green things (from locusts) Exodus 10:5 Joel 2:3.

of person Genesis 32:9 Judges 21:17 Isaiah 15:9 Jeremiah 50:29 I Chronicles 4:43 II Chronicles 12:7; II Chronicles 20:24; II Chronicles 30:6 Ezra 9:8; Daniel 11:42; + מִפְּנֵי II Samuel 15:14.

specif. of those of Judah escaped from Assyrian II Kings 19:30, II Kings 19:31 (+ מִן) = Isaiah 37:31, Isaiah 37:32, compare Isaiah 10:20; from Bab. Nehemiah 1:2 Ezra 9:13, Ezra 9:14, Ezra 9:15, compare Ezekiel 14:22; after י׳’s future judgment Isaiah 4:2; Obadiah 1:17; Joel 3:5.

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פַּלְטִי²

n.pr.m. Φαλτει (perhaps abbrev. from פַּלְטִיאֵל);—

Benjamite Numbers 13:9.

second husband of Michal I Samuel 25:44 (= פַּלְטִיאֵל II Samuel 3:15).

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פִּלְטָ֑י

n.pr.m. priest Nehemiah 12:17, Φελητει, etc.

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פַּלְטִיאֵל

n.pr.m. Φαλτ(ε)ιηλ:

Numbers 34:26.

II Samuel 3:15 (= פַּלְטִי I Samuel 25:44), SeptuagintL Φαλτιου.

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פְּלַטְיָ֫הוּ

n.pr.m. Φαλτιας, Φαλεττι(α), etc.:—

-יָהוּ, a prince of people Ezekiel 11:1, Ezekiel 11:13.

-יָה, grandson of Zerub. I Chronicles 3:21, perhaps = Nehemiah 10:23.

-יָה, Simeonite I Chronicles 4:42.

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פְּלִי

see פלא.

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פֶּ֫לֶךְ

n.[m.] 1. whirl of spindle. 2. district (proposes circle, circuit);—absolute פ׳ II Samuel 3:29, פָּ֑לֶךְ Proverbs 31:19; construct פֶּלֶךְ Nehemiah 3:9 +; with suffix פִּלְכּוֹ v Nehemiah 3:17;—

whirl of spindle, II Samuel 3:29 (probably, see Driver), Proverbs 31:19 (‖ כִּישׁוֹר).

district, Nehemiah 3:9, Nehemiah 3:12, Nehemiah 3:14, Nehemiah 3:15, Nehemiah 3:16, Nehemiah 3:17^(×2), Nehemiah 3:18.

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פָּלָל

n.pr.m. a wall-builder Nehemiah 3:25, Φαλαλ, א Φαλακ, A Φαλαξ, SeptuagintL Φαλλη.

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פְּלִילָה

noun (fem.) office of judge or umpire;—עשׂי פ׳ (Qr עֲשׂוּ) Isaiah 16:3 do an umpire’s office.

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פְּלִילִי

adjective for a judge, calling for judgment;—עָוֹן פ׳ Job 31:28 (on v Job 31:11 see פָּלִיל; Kue ^{Ond. (2) 161} reads עֲוֹן פְּלִילִים in both v Job 31:11 and v Job 31:28).

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פְּלִילִיָּה

noun (fem.) the giving a decision;—פ׳ Isaiah 28:7 (of priests).

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פְּלַלְיָה

n.pr.m. (י׳ hath interposed);—priest Nehemiah 11:12, Φαλ(λ)αλια(ς).

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פְּלֹנִי²

adjectivegent. erron.: c. art. הַפְּלוֹנִי I Chronicles 11:27; I Chronicles 27:10 read הַפַּלְטִי as II Samuel 23:26 (see בֵּית פָּ֑לֶט); הַפְּלֹנִי I Chronicles 11:36 read הַגִּלֹנִי, as II Samuel 23:34.—i. פְּלֹנִי see פלה.

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פֶּ֫לֶס

n.[m.] balance, scale;—literally Proverbs 16:11, figuratively Isaiah 40:12 (in both ‖ מֹאזְנַיִם).

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פָּלַס

verbPi.denom. weigh, make level (Phoenician פלס Pi. make level(?) in n.pr.);—future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְפַלֵּס Psalms 78:50; 2nd masculine plural תְּפַלֵּס֑וּן Psalms 58:3 (see below), etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. פַּלֵּס Proverbs 4:26; participle (בינוני) מְפַלֵּס Proverbs 5:21;—

weigh out חֲמַס יְדֵיכֶם תּפ׳ Psalms 58:3 (figuratively; but read perhaps חָמָס יְדֵיכֶם תְּפַלֵּסְנָה violence do your hands weigh out, so Septuagint Peshitta Targum Bae Kau Wellhausen).

make level, smooth (compare Gerber ³²). with a direct object of path (figuratively), מַעְגָּל Proverbs 4:26; Proverbs 5:21; Isaiah 26:7, נָתִיב Psalms 78:50, אֹרַח Proverbs 5:6.

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פַּלָּצוּת

noun (fem.) shuddering;—פ׳ absolute Job 21:6; Isaiah 21:4; Ezekiel 7:18 Psalms 55:6.

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פְּלֶ֫שֶׁת

n.pr.terr. Philistia, poet. and late;—פְּלָ֑שֶׁת (ישְׁבֵי) Exodus 15:14 (Φυλιστιειμ; elsewhere (οἱ) ἀλλόφυλοι), Joel 4:4, elsewhere פְּלֶשֶׁת Isaiah 14:29, Isaiah 14:31 Psalms 60:10 = Psalms 108:10; Psalms 83:8; Psalms 87:4; Assyrian Palastu, Pilistu, COT Genesis 10:14 Delitzsch^{Pa 288 f.} Gk. Παλαιστίνη Herod. ^{ii. 104, 106, vii. 89} Jos^{Ant. i, 6, 2} (also Φυλιστίνου); see Rel^{Pal. 73 f.}

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פֶּ֫לֶת

n.pr.m.

Reubenite Numbers 16:1, Φαλεθ[κ]; read probably פַּלּוּא (q.see) so Gf Driver al.

Judahite I Chronicles 2:33, Θαλεθ, Φαλεθ[ατ].

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פָּנָה

verb turn (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Syriac ܦܢܳܐ, Targum פְּנָא; Ethiopic ፈነወ: Arabic فَنِى pass away, banish; compareSab. פנה (variously) for example CIS ^{iv. Nos. 1, 37, 40}; Assyrian pânu, face, Phoenician פנם, MI 13, 18 לפני, with suffix מפני l ¹⁹);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular פ׳ Jeremiah 6:4 +, 2nd masculine singular פָּנִיתָ II Samuel 9:8, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִפְנֶה I Samuel 13:17 +, וַיִּ֫פֶן Exodus 2:12 +, 3rd feminine singular וַתֵּ֫פֶן I Kings 10:13, 1st singular וָאֵ֫פֶן Deuteronomy 9:15; Deuteronomy 10:5, 1st plural וַנֵּ֫פֶן Deuteronomy 2:1 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. פְּנֵה Psalms 25:16 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute פָּנֹה Haggai 1:9; construct לִפְנוֹת Genesis 24:63 +, etc.; participle (בינוני) פֹּנֶה Deuteronomy 29:17 +, etc.;—

turn toward, אֶל person, literally, Judges 6:14; Isaiah 13:14 = Jeremiah 50:16; Job 21:5 (that is attentively); compare of branches Ezekiel 17:6 (in allegory); c. עַל of direction Genesis 24:49; figuratively c.> אֶל־י׳ (in worship), Isaiah 45:22, other gods Hosea 3:1; Deuteronomy 31:18, Deuteronomy 31:20; Leviticus 19:4; for help Leviticus 19:31; Leviticus 20:6; Job 5:1; אֶל־אָוֶן Job 36:21; with a direct object הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יִפְנֶה Ezekiel 10:11; c. ה location I Kings 17:3; Deuteronomy 2:3 (+ לָכֶם dat. eth.), Song of Songs 6:1; c. דֶּרֶךְ I Samuel 13:18;^(×2) Job 24:18, אֶל־ד׳ Judges 20:42; I Samuel 13:17; figuratively לְדֶרֶךְ Isaiah 53:6; Isaiah 56:11; with a direct object כֹּל אֲשֶׁר־יִפְנֶה I Samuel 14:47, so, + שָׁם, figuratively I Kings 2:3, that is whatever thou undertakest, אֶל־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר יִפְנֶה Proverbs 17:8.

turn from, מִן location Genesis 18:22, figuratively, of heart, c.מֵעִם י׳ Deuteronomy 29:17, absolute = turn away Deuteronomy 30:17; in phr. פ׳ עֹרֶף turn (with the back (compare ראה עֹרֶף Jeremiah 18:17), + לִפְנֵי, Joshua 7:12 (of flight), figuratively, + אֶל־י׳, Jeremiah 2:27; Jeremiah 32:33.

turn and do a thing, Exodus 7:23; Exodus 32:15; Numbers 14:25 Numbers 21:33 Deuteronomy 1:7, Deuteronomy 1:24; Judges 18:21;s I Kings 10:13 + 17 times; to do a thing (inf.) †Ecclesiastes 2:12.

turn, decline, of day Jeremiah 6:4, days of life Psalms 90:9.

turn toward, approach, of evening, לִפְנוֹת עָ֑רֶב Genesis 24:63; Deuteronomy 23:12; of morning, לִפ׳ (הַ)בֹּקֶר Exodus 14:27; Judges 19:26 Psalms 46:6 (figuratively).

turn and look, look, literally, אֶל person Numbers 12:10; II Chronicles 20:24; II Chronicles 26:20, וַיִּפֶן כֹּה וָכֹה Exodus 2:12; c. לְמָ֑עְלָה Isaiah 8:21; absolute look (back) II Chronicles 13:14; c. אַחֲרֵי look behind one (and see, or say), Joshua 8:20; Judges 20:40; II Samuel 1:7; II Samuel 2:20; II Kings 2:24, look after another Ezekiel 29:16 (figuratively for seek alliance with); c. אֶל of direction Exodus 16:10; Numbers 17:7.

of inanimate things, face, c. אֶל location Joshua 15:7, usually of facing points of compass, c. ה location I Kings 7:25^(×4) = II Chronicles 4:4;^(×4), Joshua 15:2; Ezekiel 8:3; Ezekiel 46:19, but also c. קָדִים Ezekiel 43:17; Ezekiel 44:1; Ezekiel 46:1, Ezekiel 46:2; Ezekiel 47:8, compare Ezekiel 43:1.

especially figuratively look at, אֶל־ person, regard, (1) graciously II Samuel 9:8; of י׳ Ezekiel 36:9; Leviticus 26:9; II Kings 13:23 Psalms 40:5, + חָנַן Psalms 25:16; Psalms 69:17; Psalms 86:16; Psalms 119:132; c. אֶל־תְּפִלָּה I Kings 8:28 = II Chronicles 6:19, Psalms 102:18, אֶל־מִנְחָה Numbers 16:15; Malachi 2:13; (2) sternly, אֶל־קְשִׁי הָעָם Deuteronomy 9:27.

look for (אֶל rei) = except Haggai 1:9.

figuratively look at, consider (+ ב) Job 6:28; Ecclesiastes 2:11.—II Chronicles 25:23 see פִּנָּה.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular פִּנָּה Zephaniah 3:15, etc.; imperative (ציווי) mpl. פַּנּוּ Isaiah 40:3 + 2 times;—turn away, put out of the way, with a direct object person Zephaniah 3:15 (‖ הֵסִיר); hence make clear, with a direct object הַבַּיִת, that is clear away things scattered about, make orderly, Germ. ‘aufräumen,’ Genesis 24:31; empty it Leviticus 14:36; figuratively, with a direct object דֶּרֶךְ make clear, free from obstacles, Isaiah 40:3; Isaiah 57:14; Isaiah 62:10 Malachi 3:1; direct object om. clear away (ground) before it, that is to plant it Psalms 80:10 (figuratively).

(especially Je) past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִפְנָה Jeremiah 48:39, 3rd feminine singular הִפְנְתָה Jeremiah 49:24, etc.; future (עתיד) וַיֶּ֫פֶן Judges 15:4; infinitive (מקור) construct with suffix הַפְנֹתוֹ I Samuel 10:9; participle (בינוני) מַפְנֶה Nahum 2:9;—

turn, with a direct object וַיֶּפֶן זָנָב אֶל־זָנָב Judges 15:4, עֹרֶף Jeremiah 48:39 (compare> הפך Joshua 7:8), שִׁכְמוֹ לָלֶכֶת I Samuel 10:9.

make a turn, shew (signs of) turning, + נָסוּ Jeremiah 46:21, לָנוּס Jeremiah 49:24; opposite נָסוּ Jeremiah 46:5, compare Nahum 2:9; + אֶל person Jeremiah 47:3.

imperative (ציווי) mpl. הָפְנוּ Jeremiah 49:8 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 46 a, N.) be ye turned back! (in flight, + נֻסוּ); participle (בינוני) מָפְנֶה צָפ֫וֹנָה Ezekiel 9:2 the gate … which is faced northward (compare Qal 2 b).

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פָּנֶה

plural פָּנִים ₂₁₂₃ noun (masc.) Proverbs 25:23 and (Ezekiel 21:21 = edge; on II Samuel 10:9 see below) f. face, also faces (as turned toward one);—plural absolute פָּנִים Genesis 32:31 +; construct פְּנֵי II Samuel 14:32 +; with suffix 1st singular פָּנַי Genesis 43:3 +; 3rd masculine singular פָּנָיו Genesis 4:5 +, פָּנֵ֑ימוֹ Psalms 11:7 (Konig^{ii. 1, 446}); 2nd masculine plural פְּנֵיכֶם Genesis 40:7 +, etc.;—usually c. verb plural, Genesis 4:5, Genesis 4:6; Exodus 33:14 +; c. verb singular Lamentations 4:16 (through influence of intervening י׳, Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 146 a), Proverbs 15:14 (but read פִּי, as Qr, see פֶּה);—

face, faces (Jeremiah 30:6; Ezekiel 27:35 +, compare Ezekiel 1:6; Ezekiel 10:14, Ezekiel 10:21 etc.):

literally, of man Genesis 43:31; II Samuel 19:5; I Kings 19:13; Leviticus 13:41; Daniel 8:18; Daniel 10:9, Daniel 10:15 +; עוֹר פ׳ Exodus 34:29, Exodus 34:30, Exodus 34:35; pale (from alarm) Isaiah 29:22; Jeremiah 30:6, flushed Isaiah 13:8;Ezekiel 21:3, compare Nahum 2:11; Joel 2:6; tearful Isaiah 25:8; Job 16:16; sad, פ׳ רעים Genesis 40:7, compareNehemiah 2:2, Nehemiah 2:3, also רֹעַ פ׳ Ecclesiastes 7:3 that is sadness; יֵיטִב פ׳ Proverbs 15:13 maketh glad the face; נָֽפְלוּ פָנֶיךָ Genesis 4:5, Genesis 4:6 why is thy face fallen (in displeasure), compare I Samuel 1:18 (reading נָֽפְלָה, נָֽפְלוּ, or הִפִּילָה); covered with shame Ezekiel 7:18; whence figuratively of confusion, discomfiture Jeremiah 51:51 Psalms 69:8; Psalms 83:17, etc.

of י׳ Exodus 33:20, compare v Exodus 33:23.

פָּנִים אֶל־פָּנִים face to face, of seeing (God) Genesis 32:31, compare Judges 6:22, knowing Deuteronomy 34:10, judging Ezekiel 20:35, speaking Exodus 33:11, and so פ׳ בְּפ׳ Deuteronomy 5:4; נִתְרָאֶה פָּנִים II Kings 14:8 see each other (in the) face = meet each other in battle, compare v II Kings 14:11 = II Chronicles 25:17, II Chronicles 25:21.

of relations with י׳: הֵרִים פ׳ Ezra 9:6, in worship (see also נשׂא); in spiritual sense Jeremiah 2:27; Jeremiah 32:33 (פָּנָה אֵלַי עֹרֶף וְלֹא פָנִים); נָתַן פ׳ לִדְרוֹשׁ י׳ II Chronicles 20:3; נָתַן אֶת־פ׳ אֶל־אֲדֹנָי Daniel 9:3; הַבָּנִים קְשֵׁי פָנִים Ezekiel 2:4.

of י׳ himself, לֹא יָסִיר פָּנִים מִכֶּם II Chronicles 30:9; פְּנֵי י׳ בְּעֹשֵׂי רָ֑ע Psalms 34:17; גַּעֲרַת פָּנֶיךָ Psalms 80:17.—Vid. further sub 7.

= presence, person, of י׳ Exodus 33:14, Exodus 33:15, בְּפָנָיו Deuteronomy 4:37, מַלְאַךְ פָּנָיו Isaiah 63:9; לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים, see לֶחֶם; of י׳ in anger Lamentations 4:16 Psalms 21:10; Psalms 139:7; of Absalom; II Samuel 17:11; in weakened sense, nearly = with suffix (compare נפשׁ 4 a), Psalms 42:12; Psalms 43:5 Proverbs 7:15.

c. ראה technically, see one’s face, that is appear before one, in one’s presence: before a man Genesis 32:21 (+ 3 other uses of פ׳), (God, c. יראה pointed as Niph., see II 2); especially as privilege, = have access to, man of rank Genesis 43:3, Genesis 43:5; Genesis 44:23, Genesis 44:26, king Exodus 10:28^(×2) compare v Exodus 10:29 (all J), II Samuel 14:24^(×2), II Samuel 14:28, II Samuel 14:32 compare II Samuel 3:13^(×2); רֹאֵי פְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ II Kings 25:19 = Jeremiah 52:25;Esther 1:14; implying favour of person seen, man Genesis 33:10, God v Genesis 33:10, compare Job 33:26 (Hiph.), and, c. חזה, Psalms 11:7; Psalms 17:15.

face of seraphim Isaiah 6:2, cherubim Exodus 25:20^(×2) = Exodus 37:9^(×2), Ezekiel 1:8, Ezekiel 1:11; II Chronicles 3:13 +.

face of animals, פְּנֵי הַצֹּאן Genesis 30:40; פ׳ אַרְיֵה וּפ׳ שׁוֹר ופ׳ נֶשֶׁר Ezekiel 1:10 (in descr. of cherubim), compare Ezekiel 10:14; פ׳ אַרְיֵה also I Chronicles 12:8 (figuratively), פ׳־כְפִיר Ezekiel 41:19; פִּתְחֵי פ׳ Job 41:6 of crocodile.

face (= surface) of ground (הָאֲדָמָה) Genesis 2:6; Genesis 4:14; Genesis 7:4 Psalms 104:30 +, so פ׳ הָאָרֶץ Genesis 1:29; Genesis 7:3; Genesis 8:9; Genesis 11:4, Genesis 11:8, Genesis 11:9; Genesis 19:28; Isaiah 24:1, פ׳ תֵבֵל Isaiah 14:21; Isaiah 27:6; of a field; Proverbs 24:31; פ׳ תְהוֹם Genesis 1:2^(×2) Job 38:30, פ׳ הַמַּיִם Genesis 7:18; פ׳ רְקִיעַ הַשָּׁמַיִם Genesis 1:20; פ׳־כִסֵּה Job 26:9 that is of God’s throne (but Budde reads כֶּסֶה fullmoon); פ׳ הַלּוֹט Isaiah 25:7 see [לוּט]; פ׳ לְבוּשׁוֹ Job 41:5 the expanse of his [the crocodile’s] coat; front (especially Ezek.), of house Ezekiel 41:14; Ezekiel 47:1, פ׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Ezekiel 41:21; of gate Ezekiel 40:6, Ezekiel 40:20, Ezekiel 40:22; Ezekiel 42:15; Ezekiel 43:4; of chamber Ezekiel 40:44^(×2), Ezekiel 40:45, Ezekiel 40:46; of pot (סִיר) Jeremiah 1:13; פ׳ הַמִּלְחָמָה II Samuel 10:9 battle-front = I Chronicles 19:10 (verb agrees with הַמּ׳ in gender, Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 146 a); = van of locust-army Joel 2:20 (opposite סֹפוֹ); front, that is edge, of sword Ezekiel 21:21, of axe Ecclesiastes 10:10; = condition, state of a thing, as denoted by its appearance; of flock Proverbs 27:23; פ׳ הַדָּבָר II Samuel 14:20 the appearance (situation, attitude) of the affair.

as adverblocation מִפָּנִים וּמֵאָחוֹר II Samuel 10:9 before and behind = פ׳ וְא׳ I Chronicles 19:10, also Ezekiel 2:10; II Chronicles 13:14; פְּנֵי toward Song of Songs 7:5, also in front (to the East?) of II Chronicles 20:16 (see לִפְנֵי d below); לְפָנִים forward Jeremiah 7:24 (opposite לְאָחוֹר); מִלִּפְנִים I Kings 6:29 see פְּנִימָה; adverbtemp. לְפָנִים formerly Deuteronomy 2:12, Deuteronomy 2:20; Joshua 11:10; Judges 1:10, Judges 1:11, Judges 1:23 + 12 times; מִלְּפָנִים Isaiah 41:26 from beforetime (‖ מֵרֹאשׁ).

for other phrases see: אוֹר verb Hiph. 5; אוֹר n. 10; בּוֹשׁ Hiph.; בקשׁ Pi. 3; בּשֶׁת 1, p. 102; [הַכָּרָה], p. 648; הָדַר 2; וָעַם Niph.; וָעַף 1; חָבַשׁ 1 a; I. חָדָה; I. חָוַר; חָזַק Pi. 5; II. חלה; IV. חמר; חָפָה; טָחַן; יָעַד Hoph.; יְשׁוּעָה 3, p. 447; כּוּן Hiph. 3; כִּפֶּר 1, p. 497; כָּסָה Pi. 1, 2; מָאוֹר, p. 22; מְגַמָּה p. 169; I. מוּל; מַשּׂא, p. 673; [נָבַט] Hiph. 3; נֶגֶד 1, 2 c; נֹכַח; נָכַר Hiph.; נָפַל 3 b, and Hiph. 5; נָשָׂא 1 b (3); נָתַן 2 b; סָבַב Hiph. 1 a; סָתַר Hiph. 2; סֵתֶר 2 a; עַז, עָזַז Hiph.; עָמַד Hiph. 6 a; ii. עֻמָּה; [צָרַב]; [קָדַם] Pi.; שִׂים; שׁוּב Hiph.; שִׁית; II. שָׁנָה Pi.; תֹּפֶת I. עֵבֶר 2.

פְּנֵי, with prepositions:—

אֶל־פְּנֵי:

to the presence of, Exodus 23:17 pregn. יֵרָאֶה … אֶל־פְּנֵי הָאָדוֹן shall appear (coming) to the presence of (= before) י׳ (‖ Exodus 34:23 אֶת־פְּנֵי הָא׳); c. יָצָא = to confront II Chronicles 19:2.

to the front of, after a verb of motion, Leviticus 6:7 הַקְרֵב אֹתָהּ … אֶל־פְּנֵי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, Leviticus 9:5; Leviticus 16:2 Numbers 17:8; Numbers 20:10.

towards or on the front of (אֶל = עַל: see p. 41), Ezekiel 41:4, Ezekiel 41:12, Ezekiel 41:15, Ezekiel 41:25; Ezekiel 42:2, Ezekiel 42:3, Ezekiel 42:7, Ezekiel 42:10, Ezekiel 42:13; Ezekiel 45:7; Ezekiel 48:21.

on to the surface of, Leviticus 14:53 וְשִׁלַּח … אֶל־פְּנֵי הַשָּׂדֶה, Ezekiel 16:5.

אֶת־פְּנֵי close by (II. אֵת) the face or front of: hence

in the presence of, I Samuel 2:11 אֶת־פ׳ עֵלִי I Kings 12:6 who stood אֶת־פ׳ שְׁלֹמֹה (compare לִפְנֵי I Kings 10:8), Esther 1:10; Proverbs 17:24; pregn. (nisi וַיַּנִּחֵם leg., Peshitta Targum Wellhausen Driver al.) I Samuel 22:4. Spec. אֶת־פְּנֵי י׳ Genesis 19:13 (I Samuel 2:17), v I Samuel 2:27 I Samuel 2:18; and with נִרְאָה of the appearance of all males at the three annual חַגִּים, Exodus 34:23 יֵרָאֶה כָּל־זְכוּרְךָ אֶת־פ׳ הָאָדֹן, v Exodus 34:24 Deuteronomy 16:16 (compare Driver), Deuteronomy 31:11; I Samuel 1:22 (‖אל־פ׳ י׳ Exodus 23:17); so פָּנַי alone Exodus 23:15 = Exodus 34:20 (לֹא יֵרָאוּ פָנַי רֵיקָם), Isaiah 1:12, פָנֶיךָ Psalms 42:3 (according to many, as Gesenius^{Gesenius' Thesaurus} Dillmann Exodus 23:15 Cheyne Isaiah 1:12, crit. n., the verb in all these passages was originally Qal, afterwards pointed as Niph. to avoid the expression see the face of י׳); אֶת־פָּנֶיךָ in thy presence Psalms 16:11; Psalms 21:7; Psalms 140:14.

in front of, Genesis 33:18 וַיִּחַן אֶת־פ׳ הָעִיר, Leviticus 4:6 לִפְנֵי י׳ אֶת־פ׳ פָרֹכֶת הַקֹּדֶשׁ, v Leviticus 4:17.—מֵאֵת פְּנֵי from before, see II. אֵת 4 a.

בִּפְנֵי: †(a) in the face of, mostly in partic. phrases, with hostile import: thus, with יָרַק to spit Numbers 12:14; Deuteronomy 25:9; התיצב to make a stand Deuteronomy 7:24; Deuteronomy 11:25, and עמד Joshua 10:8, לֹא יַעֲמֹד אִישׁ בְּפָנֶיךָ Joshua 21:42; Joshua 23:9; עָנָה to answer (give evidence) against, Hosea 5:5 וענה גאון ישׂראל בפניו, Hosea 7:10; Job 16:8; וְנָקֹטּוּ בִּפְנֵיהֶם = feel loathing against their own selves, Ezekiel 6:9, so Ezekiel 20:43; Ezekiel 36:31. †(b) in front of, Ezekiel 42:12.

לִפְנֵי, proposes at the face or front of, the most general word for in the presence of, before: as Genesis 18:22 עֹמֵד לִפְנֵי אַבְרָהָם, Exodus 4:21; Exodus 11:10; II Samuel 2:14; Proverbs 17:18 + often; after a verb of motion, Genesis 47:2 וַיַּצִּיגֵם לפני פ׳ and set them before Phoenician, Genesis 27:20 כִּי הִקְרָה י׳ לפני literally made (it) to meet before me (compare Genesis 24:12), Exodus 29:10; Proverbs 18:16 etc. In partic.,

With the implication of (a) under the eye or oversight of, Deuteronomy 25:2; I Samuel 3:1. (b) under the eye and regard of, Genesis 17:18 לוּ יִשְׁמָעֵאל יִחְיֶה לְפָנֶיךָ, Hosea 6:2; Isaiah 53:2 Psalms 61:8; compare Jeremiah 30:20; Jeremiah 31:36; Isaiah 66:22 Psalms 102:29: also I Samuel 2:28; II Samuel 19:14. (c) figuratively for in (or into) the full (mental) view of, Genesis 6:13 קֵץ כָּל־בָּשָׂר בָּא לְפָנַי is come in before me, Lamentations 1:22 תָּבֹא כָל־רָעָתָם לְפָנֶיךָ, Jonah 1:2 עָֽלְתָה לְפָנַי (compare אֶל Genesis 18:21; Exodus 2:23), Isaiah 65:6 כְּתוּבָה לְפָנָ֑י, Jeremiah 2:22 נִכְתָּם עֲוֹנֵךְ לְפָנַי (compare נֶגְדִּי Isaiah 47:12). (d) openly before, I Samuel 12:2 הִתְהַלֵּךְ לִפְנֵי, and with collat. idea of deserving (and receiving) regard I Samuel 2:35, especially לפני י׳ Genesis 17:1 al. (see p. 236a). (e) in presence of the moon or sun, Psalms 72:5, Psalms 72:17, that is as long as they endure. (f) free before, at the disposal of, Genesis 13:9 הֲלֹא כָל־הָאָרֶץ לְפָנֶיךָ (compare Genesis 20:15; Genesis 34:10; Genesis 47:6; Jeremiah 40:4; II Chronicles 14:6), Genesis 24:51; Song of Songs 8:12. (g) in the sight (estimation) of, Genesis 7:1 thee have I seen to be just before me, Genesis 10:9 a mighty hunter before י׳, Deuteronomy 24:4 תּוֹעֵבָה ל׳ י׳, v Genesis 10:13 צְדָקָה ל׳ י׳, I Samuel 20:1, אָרוּר ל׳ י׳ Joshua 6:26; I Samuel 26:19, לְרָצוֹן ל׳ י׳ acceptable before י׳, Leviticus 1:3 +, Psalms 19:15; II Kings 5:1 a great man לִפְנֵי אֲדֹנָיו, Proverbs 14:12 Psalms 143:2; וַיִּיטַב ל׳ (late syn. of earlier בְּעֵינֵי) †Nehemiah 2:5, Nehemiah 2:6; Esther 5:14; טוֹב ל׳ Ecclesiastes 2:26; Ecclesiastes 7:26; compare also נָתַן לְרַחֲמִים לִפְנֵי, see רַחֲמִים. (h) לִפְנֵי י׳, spec. of acts done with a solemn sense of י׳’s presence, often, but not always, at a sanctuary: Genesis 27:7 that I may eat and bless thee before י׳, before I die, Exodus 18:12 to eat bread before God, Deuteronomy 1:45 ye wept before י׳, Deuteronomy 6:25; Deuteronomy 12:7 (to eat, so v Deuteronomy 12:18 Deuteronomy 14:23, Deuteronomy 14:26; Deuteronomy 15:20), v Deuteronomy 15:12 (rejoice, so v Deuteronomy 15:18 Deuteronomy 27:7; Isaiah 9:2), Joshua 18:6; Joshua 24:1; Judges 11:11; Judges 20:23, Judges 20:26; Judges 21:2; I Samuel 7:6; I Samuel 10:19; I Samuel 11:15; I Samuel 12:7; I Samuel 15:33; I Samuel 23:18; II Samuel 5:3; II Samuel 7:18; II Samuel 21:9; and constantly in P, as Exodus 16:9, Exodus 16:33, Exodus 16:34; Leviticus 1:5, Leviticus 1:11; Leviticus 3:1, Leviticus 3:7 etc.; of residents in Jerus. Isaiah 23:18. So in הָלַךְ ל׳ י׳ I Kings 2:4 al. (see p. 234^b c).

In other phrases:—(a) עָמַד לִפְנֵי to stand before, that is wait upon, be in attendance on, Deuteronomy 1:38 al. (see עָמַד 1 e). Simil. הָיָה לְפְנֵי I Samuel 19:7 (compare I Samuel 29:8), II Kings 5:2; עָבַד ל׳ II Samuel 16:19. (b) הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה לִפְנֵי to bow down before Genesis 23:12; Deuteronomy 26:10; II Kings 18:22 al. (see sub שָׁחָה; also נָפַל 3 b): so with הִתְפַּלֵּל to pray I Samuel 1:12 +; compare הלך לפני I Kings 12:30; I Chronicles 21:30. (c) to be smitten (נִגַּף) before a foe; see נָגַף Niph. [contrast נוּס מִפְּנֵי: below 6 a]. So with נָפַל I Samuel 14:13; נָתַן (in helplessness or flight), especially in Dt, as Deuteronomy 1:8, Deuteronomy 1:21; Deuteronomy 7:2, Deuteronomy 7:23; Joshua 10:12; Joshua 11:6 + (Driver ^{Dt lxxxii}): compare Judges 4:15; II Samuel 5:20; Isaiah 45:1; Jeremiah 1:17. (d) עָמַד לִפְנֵי to stand (make a stand) before (not quite so strong as ע׳ בִּפְנֵי, above 3), Exodus 9:11; Judges 2:14; II Kings 10:4; Jeremiah 49:19 Psalms 76:8; Psalms 147:17; Nahum 1:6; so with הִתְיַצֵּב Deuteronomy 9:2; Joshua 1:5; Job 41:2, קוּם Joshua 7:12, Joshua 7:13. (e) in hostile sense (rare), יָצָא לִפְנֵי go forth to face I Chronicles 14:8; II Chronicles 14:9. (f) לִפְנֵי (נָתַן) שִׂים, of food, to set or place before, Genesis 18:8; Genesis 24:33 +. (g) נָתַן לִפְנֵי to set before, that is propound for acceptance or choice, usually of laws (especially Dt Je), Deuteronomy 4:8; Deuteronomy 11:26, Deuteronomy 11:32; Deuteronomy 30:1, Deuteronomy 30:15, Deuteronomy 30:19; I Kings 9:6 (D²), Jeremiah 9:12; Jeremiah 21:8; Jeremiah 26:4; Jeremiah 44:10; Daniel 9:10, compare Ezekiel 23:24 (place at disposal of): so with שִׂים Exodus 19:7; Exodus 21:1.

With reference to position: (a) in front of, before, especially with vbs. of motion (with which נֶגֶד is hardly used), Genesis 32:21 בַּמִּנְחָה הַהֹלֶכֶת לְפָנָ֔י that goeth before me, Genesis 33:14 the cattle אֲשֶׁר לְפָנַי, Exodus 17:5; Exodus 23:20 etc.; in the description of a march or procession, Exodus 13:21, Exodus 13:22; Numbers 10:33; Isaiah 52:12; Isaiah 58:8 +; II Samuel 3:31 and wail before Abner (before his bier); of flocks before a shepherd Genesis 32:18; of captives or booty driven before a conqueror I Samuel 30:20 (read וַיִּנְהֲגוּ לְפָנָיו Wellhausen Driver), Isaiah 8:4; Isaiah 40:10 = Isaiah 62:11 וּפְעֻלָּתוֹ לְפָנָיו his recompence (that is his newly-recovered people, regarded as his prize of war) before him, Amos 9:4; Lamentations 1:5, Lamentations 1:6. (b) of a leader, etc. = at the head of, Deuteronomy 10:11; Judges 9:39; I Samuel 8:20; Micah 1:13 al.; compare בא ויצא לפני (העם) Numbers 27:17; I Samuel 18:13, I Samuel 18:16; II Chronicles 1:10; Ecclesiastes 4:16 before whom (at whose head) he was. (c) denoting superiority, before, above, Genesis 48:20 וַיָּשֶׂם את־אפרים לפני מנשׁה, Job 34:19.

Of places (not very common): Exodus 14:2 before Pi-haḥiroth …, before Baal-ẓephon, Numbers 33:7; Genesis 23:17 אשׁר ל׳ מַמְרֵא (usually על פני מ׳: see 7 a d), I Chronicles 19:7; Nehemiah 8:1, Nehemiah 8:3; before the temple, veil, altar, etc., Exodus 16:34 + ל׳ הָעֵדֻת, Exodus 30:6 + ל׳ הַפָּרֹכֶת, Exodus 40:5, Exodus 40:6; Numbers 3:38; Numbers 7:10 al. (all P), I Kings 6:20(?), I Kings 6:21; I Kings 7:49 +.

Of time, before: Amos 1:1 לפני הָרָֽעַשׁ׃ before the earthquake, Genesis 29:26; Genesis 30:30 לְפָנַי before me (that is before I came to thee), Exodus 10:14 לפניו לא היה כן before it there was not the like, Numbers 13:22; I Kings 16:25, I Kings 16:30 מִכֹּל אֲשֶׁר לְפָנָיו, Isaiah 43:10; Isaiah 48:7; Proverbs 8:25; Job 15:7 etc. Sq. inf., Genesis 13:10 לִפְנֵי שַׁחֵת י׳ before י׳’s destroying, etc., Genesis 27:7 לִפְנֵי מוֹתִי, Genesis 36:31; I Samuel 9:15 +. Once, in late Hebrew, לִפְנֵי מִזֶּה before this Nehemiah 13:4.

In the manner of, like (rare and doubtful), I Samuel 1:16 אַל־תִּתֵּן אֶת־אֲמָֽתְךָ לִפְנֵי בַת־בִּלִיַּעַל like a worthless woman, Job 3:24 like my food, Job 4:19 they are crushed like the moth (compare Lat. pro).

מִלִּפְנֵי₇₃ from before:—

from the presence of (properly, from a position before a person or object: to be distinguished from מִפְּנֵי; see 6): (a) Genesis 41:46 ויצא יוסף מִלִּפְנֵי פ׳ from before Phoenician Genesis 47:10; II Kings 5:27; II Kings 6:32 +; מל׳ י׳ Genesis 4:6 Cain went forth from before י׳, Jonah 1:3, Jonah 1:10; spec. of the sanctuary, Leviticus 9:24 ותצא אשׁ מלפני י׳ (so Leviticus 10:2), קֶצֶף Numbers 17:11 (compare II Chronicles 19:2), with לָקַח etc. Leviticus 16:12; Numbers 17:24; Numbers 20:9; I Samuel 21:7 the shew-bread that was removed from before י׳; from before a place I Kings 8:54; Ezra 10:6 II Chronicles 1:13. (b) of taking, etc., from before a person, Genesis 23:4 to bury my dead from before me, v Genesis 23:8 Exodus 36:3; Deuteronomy 17:18 וכתב לו מִשְׁנֵה התורה הזאת מל׳ הכהנים from (the copy) before the priests, Deuteronomy 28:31 גָּזוּל מלפניך. (c) with בקשׁ Esther 4:8 [compare מִן קֳדָם Daniel 2:18]; and to express the idea of proceeding from a person, Esther 1:19 [compare Daniel 2:15], Ecclesiastes 10:5; I Chronicles 29:12 הָעשֶׁר והכבוד מלפניך (compare Acts 3:19); Psalms 17:2 מלפניך יֵצֵא משׁפטי. (d) of cutting off, etc., from before י׳ (compare לִפְנֵי a b, c), Leviticus 22:3; I Kings 8:25 לֹא־יִכָּרֵת לְךָ אִישׁ מִלְּפָנַי, Jeremiah 31:36; Jeremiah 33:18; Isaiah 48:19: Psalms 51:13 אַל־תַּשְׁלִיכֵנִי מִלְּפָנֶיךָ (compare 8 a); Jeremiah 16:17 לֹא נִסְתְּרוּ מִלְּפָנַי, Jeremiah 18:23; Nehemiah 3:37. (e) of expelling from before an invader, Exodus 23:28; Deuteronomy 9:4; Deuteronomy 11:23; Deuteronomy 31:3 + (but much less common than מִפְּנֵי).

(Chiefly late) to express the source or cause, with the force of the לְ weakened, in cases where the earlier language would have used מִפְּנֵי: with vbs. of fearing, I Samuel 18:12; Ecclesiastes 3:14; Ecclesiastes 8:12, Ecclesiastes 8:13; I Chronicles 16:30 חִילוּ מִלְּפָנָיו [‖ Psalms 96:9 מפניו], Psalms 114:7^(×2); Esther 7:6; II Chronicles 32:7 (+ מפני); failing, etc., Isaiah 57:16 Psalms 97:5; being humbled, I Kings 21:29 (+ מפני), II Chronicles 32:12, II Chronicles 32:23; II Chronicles 34:27 [‖ II Kings 22:19 מפני], II Chronicles 36:12; crying for help I Samuel 8:18 [compare מפני Exodus 3:7], singing I Chronicles 16:33 [‖ Psalms 96:13 לפני], fleeing I Chronicles 19:18 [‖ II Samuel 10:18 מִפְּנֵי].

of time, once, = לִפְנֵי Ecclesiastes 1:10. With later usages of מל׳, compare מִן קֳדָם in Biblical Aramaic and Targum (Driver^{Smend lxx–lxxi, lxxiii}); see also Konig^{ii. 320}. Cp. מִלְּפָנִים Isaiah 41:26 (‖מֵרֹאשׁ).

מִפְּנֵי from the face or presence of, from before, Exodus 14:19 וַיִּסַּע עמוד הענן מִפְּנֵיהֶם removed from before them, Isaiah 30:11; Hosea 11:2; so

(often with suggestion of causation (see מִן 2 d, e, f), because of, for fear of [so AV RV Judges 9:21; I Samuel 21:11; I Samuel 23:26; Jeremiah 35:11^(×2); Jeremiah 37:11; Jeremiah 41:9; Jeremiah 50:16]) after vbs. of hiding Genesis 3:8; Genesis 4:14; Isaiah 2:10 (compare v Isaiah 2:19, Isaiah 2:21); and especially of escaping, Judges 9:21 (Gesenius' Thesaurus ‘bene Vulgate ob metum A.’), I Samuel 18:11; I Samuel 19:10; I Samuel 23:26, or fleeing, Exodus 4:3; Exodus 14:25; I Samuel 17:24 + often (see בָּרַח and נוּס), and expelling, destroying, etc. Exodus 23:30 אֲגָֽרְשֶׁנּוּ מִפָּנֶיךָ I will expel them from before thee, Exodus 34:11, Exodus 34:24 אוֹרִישׁ גּוֹיִם מִפָּנֶיךָ (see הוֹרִישׁ), Leviticus 18:24; Deuteronomy 8:20; Amos 2:9 Psalms 89:24 + often (as though clearing the way for Israel, for Israel’s sake: compare Isaiah 63:12 בּוֹקֵעַ מַיִם מִפְּנֵיהֶם, Joshua 2:10; Joshua 4:23). Pregn. Isaiah 17:9 כַּעֲזוּבַת … אשׁר עזבו מפני בני ישׂר׳ which they forsook (fleeing) from before, etc.

implying causation more distinctly, Psalms 9:4 יאבדו מפניך perish from before thee or at thy presence, Deuteronomy 7:20: very often with vbs. of fearing, as נור, יגר, חיל, ירא, ערץ, פחד, קוץ Exodus 9:30; Numbers 22:3^(×2); Deuteronomy 1:17; Jeremiah 5:22 etc. (mostly when the object inspiring fear is a person: when it is a thing, מִן alone is preferred; but see Deuteronomy 5:5; Deuteronomy 9:19); of being alarmed or dismayed Genesis 45:3; Joshua 2:9; Jeremiah 1:17; Job 23:15, etc.; of humbling oneself Exodus 10:3; Judges 11:33 +; with other words, to indicate the external ground of an action or effect, as הַס מִפָּנָיו be silent at (that is because of) his presence Zephaniah 1:7; Habakkuk 2:20; Judges 5:5 the mts. flowed מפני י׳ at the presence of י׳, Isaiah 63:19; Jeremiah 4:26; Nahum 1:5, Psalms 68:3 as wax melteth מפני אשׁ; Deuteronomy 20:19; Isaiah 19:1; Isaiah 26:17 כן היינו מפניך so were we through thy presence (more than לפניך,—implying that their state was due to י׳); קום מפני to rise up at the presence of Genesis 31:35; Leviticus 19:32. (N.B. In a, b, freq. rendered before in AV RV, and so confused with לפני; but the מִן retains always its full force in the Hebrew)

of the cause, whether nearer or more remote: (a) Genesis 6:13 מָֽלְאָה הָאָרֶץ חָמָס מִפְּנֵיהֶם because of them (that is occasioned by them), Genesis 27:46 I loathe my life because of the daughters of Heth, Genesis 36:7 the land could not support them because of their cattle, Genesis 41:31; Genesis 47:13; Exodus 3:7 their cry by reason of their task-masters, Exodus 8:20 תִּשָּׁחֵת הָאָרֶץ מִפְּנֵי הֶעָרֹב, Exodus 9:11; Joshua 2:11; Joshua 23:3; Judges 2:18; Judges 6:6; I Kings 5:17; I Kings 8:11; + often; Isaiah 10:27 (RVm), Jeremiah 15:17 Psalms 38:4, Psalms 38:6, etc.; Jeremiah 4:4 + מִפְּנֵי רֹעַ מַעַלְלֵיכֶם by reason of the evil of your doings, Jeremiah 7:12; Jeremiah 9:6; Jeremiah 13:17; Jeremiah 14:16; Jeremiah 23:9 + often (b) stating the reason for which a thing is not done (Lat. prae), I Kings 8:11 Job 37:19. †(c) with אֲשֶׁר as a conjunction, twice, because that, Exodus 19:18; Jeremiah 44:23.—Numbers 33:8 see פִּי הַחִירֹת.

עַל־פְּנֵי (compare Phoenician עַל פְּנֵ, עלת פְּנֵ, Lidzbarski³⁵²) has different meanings according to the different senses of the noun and the preposition:—

From the sense of face or front: (a) in front of (more definite and distinct than לפני): Psalms 18:43 as dust before the wind (compare לפני Psalms 35:5; Psalms 83:14 +), Genesis 32:22 the present passed on על־פניו in front of him, Exodus 33:19 אעביר כל־טוּבי על־פניך, II Samuel 15:18, II Samuel 15:23 (read על־פניו: see Driver), Job 4:15; = in the sight of, Leviticus 10:3 ועל־פני כל העם אֶכָּבֵד, Jeremiah 6:7 עַל־פָּנַי תָּמִיד חֳלִי וּמַכָּה, Jeremiah 13:26 (compare Nahum 3:5), Psalms 9:20 יִשָּֽׁפְטוּ גוים על־פניך before thee: defiantly, Job 1:11 אם־לא על־ פניך יְרָֽרְכֶךָּ will renounce thee to thy face, Job 6:28 ועל־פניכם אם אֲכַזֵּב, Job 21:31; to die in the presence of any one (= in his lifetime) †Genesis 11:28; Numbers 3:4. (b) before, to the exclusion of another, that is in preference to, Deuteronomy 21:16, and perhaps (Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 217 l) Exodus 20:3 (Deuteronomy 5:7) לא יהיה לך אלהים אחרים על־פני (Gesenius' Thesaurus al. as c). (c) in addition to, Job 16:14 פֶּרֶץ עַל־פְּנֵי־פֶרֵץ יִפְרְצֵנִי. (d) of localities, in front of, mostly (but not always: see GFM Ju., p. 351) = east of, I Kings 6:3 the porch in front of, etc., v I Kings 6:3 I Kings 7:6; I Kings 8:8; II Chronicles 3:17; Ezekiel 42:8; Genesis 16:12 על־פני כל־אחיו ישׁכן (compare Genesis 25:18), perhaps (Dillmann al.) with collateral idea of defiance; עַל־פ׳ מַמְרֵא Genesis 23:19 (Genesis 50:13), Exodus 16:14; often in אשׁר על־פני … Genesis 25:9 (Genesis 49:30), מצרים v Genesis 49:18 (Joshua 13:3 I Samuel 15:7), Numbers 21:11; Numbers 33:7, ירחו Deuteronomy 32:49 (Deuteronomy 34:1), Joshua 13:3, Joshua 13:25; Joshua 15:8 (Joshua 18:16), Joshua 17:7; Joshua 18:14; Joshua 19:11; Judges 16:3; I Samuel 24:3 (probably), I Samuel 26:1, I Samuel 26:3; II Samuel 2:24; I Kings 11:7 (the Mt. of Olives, E. of Jerus.; so II Kings 23:13; Zechariah 14:4), I Kings 17:3, I Kings 17:5.—Genesis 1:20 let fowl fly על־פני רקיע השׁמים in front of the firmament of heaven, viz. as looked up to from below, that is between the firmament and the earth. (e) with vbs. implying direction, over towards, Genesis 18:16 וישׁקף על־פני סדם, Genesis 19:28; Numbers 21:20 (Numbers 23:28) נשׁקפה על־פני הישׁימן overlooking; to sprinkle against the front of Leviticus 16:14; in a hostile sense (rare), Nahum 2:2 עָלָה מֵפִיץ עַל־פָּנַיִךְ, Psalms 21:13; Ezekiel 32:10.

From the sense of surface, Genesis 1:2 על־פני תהום upon the face of the deep, Exodus 16:14 על־פ׳ המדבר: often in the phrases הארץ (כל) על־פני Genesis 1:29; Genesis 7:3; Genesis 11:4, and (more freq.) על־פני האדמה on the face of the ground Genesis 6:1; Genesis 7:23 etc.; על פני השׂדה Leviticus 17:5; Numbers 19:16; I Samuel 14:25 +; after vbs. of motion, I Samuel 11:4 lest we be scattered over the face of all the earth, v I Samuel 11:8, I Samuel 11:9; Exodus 32:20; Leviticus 14:7 (v Leviticus 14:53 אל), Isaiah 18:2; Isaiah 19:8; Amos 5:8; Ezekiel 32:4; Job 5:10 +.

מֵעַל־פְּנֵי:

from before the face of, Genesis 23:3 Abraham rose up מֵעַל פְּנֵי מֵתוֹ from before his dead, that is from mourning before or beside it; †(פניו) מֵעַל פני from before my (his) face, often in K Je of the rejection of Isr. or the temple, as with שִׁלַּח I Kings 9:7 (‖ II Chronicles 7:20 השׁליך), Jeremiah 15:1, השׁליך II Kings 13:23; II Kings 24:20 (Jeremiah 52:3), Jeremiah 7:15, נטשׁ Jeremiah 23:39, הסיר II Kings 17:18, II Kings 17:23; II Kings 23:27; II Kings 24:3; Jeremiah 32:31.

from off the surface of, often in the phrase מֵעַל פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה, with verbs of cutting off, removing, expelling, etc., †Genesis 4:14; Genesis 6:7; Genesis 7:4; Genesis 8:8; Exodus 32:12; Deuteronomy 6:15; I Samuel 20:15; I Kings 9:7; I Kings 13:34; Amos 9:8; Jeremiah 28:16; Zephaniah 1:2, Zephaniah 1:3.

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פְּנִ֫ימָה

adverb (ה location) 1. towards the (in-) side. 2. within (literally faceward, from point of view of one entering by opposite door);—of a building, usually temple:

after verb of motion Leviticus 10:18; II Chronicles 29:18, and (after הִגִּיד) II Kings 7:11, also לִפ׳ Ezekiel 41:3; II Chronicles 29:16.

פ׳ I Kings 6:18, also לִפ׳ v I Kings 6:30, so read also v I Kings 6:29 (for Masoretic Text מִלִּפְנִים, see Kmp^Kau Kittel Benz), Ezekiel 40:16^(×2), also Psalms 45:14 Masoretic Text, that is within the house, but Krochm Gratz Cheyne al. (plausibly) פְּנִינִים, q.see; מִפּ׳ I Kings 6:19, I Kings 6:21 = II Chronicles 3:4.

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פְּנוּאֵל

n.pr. (face of God, compare GFM Judges 8:8; late Assyrian Panîli Hilpr^{Univ. Pa. Exp. ix. 68});—Φανουηλ, but in Gn εἶδος (τοῦ) Θεοῦ:

location E. of Jordan, near Jabboḳ Genesis 32:32 Judges 8:8^(×2), Judges 8:9, Judges 8:17 I Kings 12:25 = פְּנִיאֵל Genesis 32:31: site unknown; see especially Paine^{Bib. Sac. 1878, 481 ff.}

m.

in Judah I Chronicles 4:4.

in Benjamin I Chronicles 8:25 Qr (Kt פניאל).

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פְּנוּאֵל²

see פנה.

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פָּנִים

etc., see פנה.

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פִּנָּה

noun (fem.) corner;—absolute פ׳ II Kings 14:13 +, construct פִּנַּת Jeremiah 31:40 +; with suffix פִּנָּתָהּ Job 38:9, פִּנָּהּ Proverbs 7:8 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 91 e); plural פִּנּוֹת absolute Zephaniah 1:16 II Chronicles 26:15, פִּנִּים Zechariah 14:10; construct פִּנּוֹת I Kings 7:34 +, etc.;—

corner, of square objects I Kings 7:34 + v I Kings 7:30 (read פִּנּוֹתָיו for פַּעֲמֹתָיו, compare Kittel), Exodus 27:2; Exodus 38:2; Ezekiel 43:20; Ezekiel 45:19; of house Job 1:19, roof Proverbs 7:12; Proverbs 21:9 = Proverbs 25:24; אֶבֶן לְפ׳ Jeremiah 51:26 that is a corner-stone; אֶבֶן פ׳ of earth Job 38:9; compare (figuratively) Psalms 118:22, and (אבן om.) Isaiah 28:16; פ׳ = street-corner II Chronicles 28:24.

specif. of wall of Jerus., Nehemiah 3:24 (in SE.), v Nehemiah 3:31, Nehemiah 3:32 (NE.); שַׁעַר הַפּ׳ II Kings 14:13 + ‖ II Chronicles 25:23 Septuagint Peshitta Targum and most (for Masoretic Text שׁ׳ הַפּוֹנֶה), + (see שַׁעַר); הַפִּנּוֹת appar. with battlements II Chronicles 26:15; of cities in generally הַפּ׳ הַגְּבֹהוֹת Zephaniah 1:16; of the nations Zephaniah 3:6.

figuratively of chief, ruler as corner (support or defence), Judges 20:2; I Samuel 14:38; Isaiah 19:13 (read perhaps plural); Zechariah 10:4 (+ יָתֵד q.see).

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פְּנִינִים

n.[f.]plural corals (? as branching, compare Arabic فَنَنٌ branch of tree; so Mich Gesenius' Thesaurus al.; > pearls Bo^{Hieroz. 601} Dillmann Jb after Ra al.);—פ׳ figuratively of value Proverbs 20:15; usuallyמִפּ׳, comp. Job 28:18; Proverbs 3:15 (Kt מפניים), Proverbs 8:11; Proverbs 31:10 (all of value), Lamentations 4:7 (of red colour); + Psalms 45:14 (perhaps; for פְּנִימָה, q.see).

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פְּנִנָּה

n.pr.f. (proposes singular of foregoing?) wife of Elkanah I Samuel 1:2^(×2), I Samuel 1:4, Φεννανα.

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פַּס

see פסס.

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פָּסַח

verb pass or spring over;—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular פ׳ Exodus 12:27, וּפ׳ consec. v Exodus 12:23; 1st singular וּפָסַחְתִּ֫י v Exodus 12:13, all c. עַל, of י׳ passing over (sparing) houses of Isr.; infinitive (מקור) absolute פָּסוֹחַ Isaiah 31:5 a passing over (sc. עַל־יְרוּשָׁלַםִ).

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פֶּ֫סַח

noun (masc.) passover (usually (Gesenius' Thesaurus and most) from I. פסח, with reference to Exodus 12:13 etc.; Reuss^{Gesch. A.T. § 58} passing over into new year; Schaefer ^{Passah-Mazzoth (1900), 346} cp. Assyrian pašâḫu, soothe, placate [deity], < be sooted, Pi. trans., Jen^{ZA iv (1889), 275} Zim^{Bab. Rel. i (1896), Gloss.; ii (1899), 92}; Schwally^{Idiot. 124} from II. פסח, of sacred dance);—absolute פ׳ Exodus 12:11 +; פָּ֑סַח v Exodus 12:21 +; plural פְּסָחִים II Chronicles 30:17 + 3 times;—

sacrifice of passover, involving communion-meal, hence a species of peace-offering (compare i. זֶבַח II. 2), זֶבַח פ׳ הוא לי׳ Exodus 12:27, compare v Exodus 12:11; זָבַח פ׳ Deuteronomy 16:2, Deuteronomy 16:5, Deuteronomy 16:6; אכל הפ׳ II Chronicles 30:18; the special feature lay in the application of blood to homes to consecrate them; compare sim. Bab. rite of purification Zim ^{ib. ii. 126–7}.

the animal victim of the passover: שׁחט פ׳ Exodus 12:21 II Chronicles 30:15; II Chronicles 35:1, II Chronicles 35:6, II Chronicles 35:11; Ezra 6:20, compare II Chronicles 30:17; בשׁל הפ׳ באשׁ II Chronicles 35:13; לפסחים II Chronicles 35:7, II Chronicles 35:8, II Chronicles 35:9. [Passover animals (compare Br^{Hex. 206}) were צֹאן flock Exodus 12:21, שֶׂה v Exodus 12:3, Exodus 12:4, Exodus 12:5, incl. כֶּבֶשׁ and עֵז v Exodus 12:5; צאן ובקר Deuteronomy 16:2; large numbers of all these (שֶׂה not used) in Josiah’s passover, according to II Chronicles 35:7, II Chronicles 35:8, II Chronicles 35:9, but evident mingling of whole burnt-offerings for the passover with special passover victim.]

festival of the passover: חג הפ׳ Exodus 34:25; (ה)פ׳ Leviticus 23:5; Numbers 28:16; Numbers 33:3; Joshua 5:11 Ezekiel 45:21; חֻקַּת הפ׳ Exodus 12:43; Numbers 9:12, Numbers 9:14; עשׂה פ׳ Exodus 12:48; Numbers 9:2, Numbers 9:4, Numbers 9:5, Numbers 9:6, Numbers 9:10, Numbers 9:13, Numbers 9:14; Joshua 5:10 Deuteronomy 16:1; II Kings 23:21, II Kings 23:22, II Kings 23:23; II Chronicles 30:1, II Chronicles 30:2, II Chronicles 30:5; II Chronicles 35:1, II Chronicles 35:16, II Chronicles 35:17, II Chronicles 35:18^(×2), II Chronicles 35:19; Ezra 6:19; it was held in month הָאָבִיב Deuteronomy 16:1, בָּעָ֑רֶב v Deuteronomy 16:6; on 14th day Joshua 5:10, of 1st month Ezekiel 45:21; בֵּין הערבים (Exodus 12:6); Leviticus 23:5; Numbers 9:5; if impossible at that time, then on 14th of 2nd month Numbers 9:10, Numbers 9:12. [Noldeke ref. to פֶּסַח in E; J subordinates it to מַצּוֹת (the great feast of JE); in D it predom. over מצות; P makes it first in importance (Br^{Hex. 195 f.}).]

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פָּסַח²

verb limp (Gesenius' Thesaurus sub I. פ׳, but doubtful; Arabic فَسَخَ is dislocate; according to Gerber⁷³ II. פ׳ is denom. from פִּסֵּחַ [and this sub I. פ׳?]);—

participle (בינוני) plural פֹּסְחִים עַל־שְׁתֵּי הַסְּעִפִּים I Kings 18:21 figuratively (see [סְעִפָּה]).

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיִּפֹּל וַיִּפָּסֵחַ II Samuel 4:4 and he fell and was made limping (lame).

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural וַיְפַסְּחוּ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ I Kings 18:26 they went limping (along by the altar), that is probably in their dance, see Kittel Pietschm^{Phön. 220} (Gratz ויפסעו [= וַיִּפְשְׂעוּ] stepped).

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פָּסֵחַ

n.pr.m. (limper);—

in Judah I Chronicles 4:12, Βεσσηε, Φεσση, etc.

head of post-ex. family Ezra 2:49 = Nehemiah 7:50, Φισον, etc., SeptuagintL Φασσα.

father of wall-builder Nehemiah 3:6, Φασεκ, Φεσσε.

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פִּסֵּחַ

adjective lame;—absolute פ׳ II Samuel 9:13 +; plural פִּסְחִים II Samuel 5:6 +;—as attrib. Leviticus 21:18 (+ עִוֵּר); pred. II Samuel 19:27, פ׳ שְׁתֵּי רַגְלָיו II Samuel 9:13 lame as to both his feet; compare also (of animal) Deuteronomy 15:21 (+ עִוֵּר); as noun II Samuel 5:6, II Samuel 5:8;^(×2) Jeremiah 31:8; Malachi 1:8, Malachi 1:13; Job 29:15 (all + עִוֵּר), also Isaiah 33:23; Isaiah 35:6; Proverbs 26:7.

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פָּסַל

verb hew, hew into shape (Mishnaic Hebrew Pi. hew off boughs; Aramaic פְּסַל, ܦܣܰܠ = Biblical Hebrew; Nab. פסלא stone-cutter);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular with suffix פְּסָלוֹ Habakkuk 2:18; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיִּפְסֹל Exodus 34:4, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. פְּסָל־ Exodus 34:1; Deuteronomy 10:1;—hew out stone tablets Exodus 34:1, Exodus 34:4; Deuteronomy 10:1, Deuteronomy 10:3; building-stones I Kings 5:32; c. cogn. direct object (with suffix referring to פֶּסֶל) Habakkuk 2:18.

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פֶּ֫סֶל

noun (masc.) Habakkuk 2:18 idol, image;—absolute פ׳ Judges 17:3 +, פָּ֑סֶל Isaiah 42:17; construct פֶּסֶל Judges 18:31 +; with suffix פִּסְלִי Isaiah 48:5, etc.; plural supplied by פְּסִילִים, see following;—idol, as likeness of man or animal Exodus 20:4 = Deuteronomy 5:8; Deuteronomy 4:16, Deuteronomy 4:23, Deuteronomy 4:25, also Deuteronomy 27:15; II Kings 21:7; II Chronicles 33:7; Isaiah 42:17; Isaiah 44:9; Isaiah 48:5; Nahum 1:14; Habakkuk 2:18 (of wood or stone, compare v Habakkuk 2:19); of metal Judges 17:3, Judges 17:4 + 6 times 18 (compare GFM), Isaiah 40:19; Isaiah 44:10 (c. נָסַךְ), Jeremiah 10:14; Jeremiah 51:17 (c. צוֹרֵף); of wood Isaiah 40:20; Isaiah 44:15, Isaiah 44:17; Isaiah 45:20.

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פַּס²

n.[m.] flat of hand or foot (palm, sole);—only כְּתֹנֶת פַּסִּים tunic reaching to palms and soles (see כ׳) Genesis 37:3, Genesis 37:23, Genesis 37:32; II Samuel 13:18, II Samuel 13:19 (compare Driver).

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פָּעָה

verb groan (onomatop. according to Gesenius' Thesaurus; Mishnaic Hebrew Hiph. bleat, so Arabic بعى, بغى Dozy; Aramaic פְּעָא, ܦܥܳܐ bleat);—future (עתיד) 1st singular כַּיּוֹלֵדָה אֶפְעֶה Isaiah 42:14 (of י׳ straining himself to deliver Isr., + אֶשֹּׁם [נשׁם], אֶשְׁאַף).—[אֶפַע] Isaiah 41:24, see p. 67.

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פָּ֑עוּ

n.pr.location in Edom, פָּ֑עוּ Genesis 36:39 = פָּ֑עִי I Chronicles 1:50; Φογωρ, SeptuagintL Ch Φαουα.

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פָּעַל

verb do, make (poet. for עָשָׂה) (Mishnaic Hebrew פּוֹעֵל workman, compare J Aramaic; Phoenician פעל = Biblical Hebrew (often); Arabic فَعَلَ the same; Old Aramaic פעל; Syriac in der. spec. and deriv.);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular Deuteronomy 32:27 +, פָ֫עַל אֵל Numbers 23:23, 2nd masculine singular פָּעַלְתָּ Exodus 15:17 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִפְעַל Job 22:17 +; 2nd masculine singular תִּפְעָל־ Job 35:6, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct לְפָעֳלָם Job 37:12 (see below); participle (בינוני) active פֹּעֵל Psalms 15:2 +, plural construct פֹּעֲלֵי Psalms 5:6 +, etc.;—

do:

of God, with a direct object (abstr.) Numbers 23:23; Deuteronomy 32:27; Job 33:29, יְשׁוּעוֹת Psalms 74:12; + ל person Psalms 31:20; Psalms 68:29; Isaiah 26:12 Job 22:17; with a direct object cogn. פֹּעַלִ Psalms 44:2 Habakkuk 1:5; direct object om. Isaiah 43:13, compare Isaiah 41:4.

of men, with a direct object Psalms 11:3 Job 11:8, + ל person (God) Job 7:20, + ב person (God) Job 35:6; especially of doing evil, שָׁ֑קֶר Hosea 7:1, עָוֶל Job 34:32, עַוְלָה Job 36:23 Psalms 58:3; Psalms 119:3, אָוֶן Proverbs 30:20, especially פֹּעֲלֵי אָוֶן Hosea 6:8; Isaiah 31:2 Job 31:3; Job 34:8, Job 34:22 Psalms 5:6 + 15 times ψ, Proverbs 10:29; Proverbs 21:15, פֹּעֲלֵי רָע Micah 2:1; rarely of doing right, with a direct object מִשְׁפָּטוֹ Zephaniah 2:3, צֶדֶק Psalms 15:2.

of clouds, with a direct object Job 37:12 (disregarding—֑).

make:

of God, with a direct object concr. object + ל end Proverbs 16:4, ל of 2nd obj. Psalms 7:14; פֹּעֲלִי Job 36:3 my Maker.

of man, with a direct object concr. Isaiah 44:12, Isaiah 44:15; direct object om. Isaiah 44:12 Psalms 7:16.—Isaiah 1:31 see פֹּעַל.

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פֹּ֫עַל

noun (masc.) Proverbs 20:11 doing, deed, work (poet. and late, nearly = מַעֲשֶׂה);—פ׳ absolute Habakkuk 1:1 Psalms 44:2, construct Deuteronomy 33:11 +; with suffix פָּעֳלוֹ Deuteronomy 32:4 +, פֹּעֲלוֹ Isaiah 1:31 (Konig^{ii. 1, 35, 493} Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 93 q, see below), Jeremiah 22:13; פָּעָלְכֶם Isaiah 41:24, etc.; plural פְּעָלִים; II Samuel 23:20; I Chronicles 11:22;—

deed, thing done:

of God, פָּעֳלוֹ his work in providence Deuteronomy 32:4; Isaiah 5:12; Job 36:24; in deliverance Psalms 44:2 (as direct object cogn.), Psalms 77:13 + 5 times; in judgment Psalms 64:10; Psalms 95:9, as direct object cogn. Habakkuk 1:5.

of false gods Isaiah 41:24.

of men, daily toil Job 24:5 Psalms 104:23; specif. act Ruth 2:12; פ׳ יָדָיו of sacrificing Deuteronomy 33:11; plural of achievements II Samuel 23:20 = I Chronicles 11:32; action as having moral quality Job 34:11; Proverbs 20:11; Proverbs 24:12, Proverbs 24:29, evil implied Jeremiah 25:14; Jeremiah 50:29; Job 36:9 Psalms 28:4, פ׳ כַּפָּיו Psalms 9:17; פ׳ חָמָס Isaiah 59:6; good action Proverbs 21:8.

work, thing made:

by hands of God Isaiah 45:9, Isaiah 45:11 (of men).

by man Isaiah 1:31 (that is probably his idol Gesenius Cheyne^Comm. Dillmann al.; > read בַּעֲלוֹ Lagarde^{Sem. 1:5} Stade^{journal ZAW iii (1883), 12 f.}).

wages of work Jeremiah 22:13; Job 7:2.

acquisition of treasures Proverbs 21:6.

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פְּעֻלְּתַי

n.pr.m. Levite I Chronicles 26:5, Ιαφθοσλααθι, A Φολλαθι, SeptuagintL Φελλαθι.

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פַּ֫עַם

noun (fem.) Exodus 8:28 (masculine only Judges 16:23 [text suspicious, see GFM Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 76} Konig^{Synt. § 248 m}], II Samuel 23:8 [< Qr fem.], I Kings 7:30 [crpt., see below]) beat, foot, anvil, occurrence;—absolute פ׳ Genesis 2:23 +; פָּ֑עַם Genesis 46:30 +; dual פַּעֲמַיִם Genesis 27:36 +, etc.; plural פְּעָמִים Genesis 33:3 +; also (concr.) construct פַּעֲמֵי Judges 5:28 +; with suffix פְּעָמַי Psalms 57:7; Psalms 119:133, etc.; פַּעֲמֹתָיו (only 1 c) Exodus 25:12 + 2 times;—

poet., hoof-beat Judges 5:28; late, of human footfall, footstep, figuratively Psalms 17:5 (‖ אֲשׁוּרַי), Psalms 119:133; וְיָשֵׂם לְדֶרֶךְ פְּעָמָיו Psalms 85:14.

foot, figuratively, Psalms 57:7; Psalms 58:11; Psalms 74:3; Psalms 140:5 Proverbs 29:5; literally Isaiah 26:6 (‖ רֶגֶל), Song of Songs 7:2; בְּכַף פ׳ II Kings 19:24 = Isaiah 37:25.

foot, of ark Exodus 25:12; Exodus 37:3.—פַּעֲמֹתָיו I Kings 7:30 read פִּנּוֹתָיו (compare v I Kings 7:34).

= anvil (struck by hammer) Isaiah 41:7.

occurrence (orig. stroke):

הַפַּעַם now Judges 16:18; פ׳ אֶחָ֑ת [אַחַת] one time, once Joshua 6:3, Joshua 6:11, Joshua 6:14, Joshua 10:42 + 3 times + II Samuel 23:8 Qr (> Kt אחד); פַּעֲמָ֑יִם twice Genesis 41:32 + 6 times; פ׳ Nahum 1:9 second time; אַרְבַּע פ׳ Nehemiah 6:4 four times; חָמֵשׁ אוֹ שֵׁשׁ פ׳ II Kings 13:19, compare פ׳ חֲמִישִׁית Nehemiah 6:5; also c. שָׁלשׁ, שֶׁבַע, q.see; עֶשֶׂר פ׳ (זֶה) Numbers 14:22 Nehemiah 4:6; Job 19:3, all indef. = over and over; indef. also פַּעַם וּשְׁתָּ֑יִם Nehemiah 13:20 once and [that is or] twice; פַּעֲמַיִם שָׁלוֹשׁ Job 33:29 twice (or) thrice; מֵאָה פְעָמִים II Samuel 24:3 = I Chronicles 21:3, אֶלֶף פ׳ Deuteronomy 1:11; פ׳ רַבּוֹת Psalms 106:43 Ecclesiastes 7:22; עַד־כַּמֶּה פְעָמִים I Kings 22:16 = II Chronicles 18:15.

כְּפַעַם־בְּפַעַם as time on time, that is as formerly, as usual, Numbers 24:1 Judges 16:20; Judges 20:30, Judges 20:31; I Samuel 3:10 (compare Driver) I Samuel 20:25.

הַזֹּאת (גַּם) כַּפַּעַם at this repetition (this time) also Exodus 8:28; Exodus 9:14 + 3 times; גַּם בַּפּ׳ הַהִוא Deuteronomy 9:19; Deuteronomy 10:10.

הַפַּעַם (Hex only J): (1) = this once Genesis 18:32, אַךְ הַפּ׳ Exodus 10:17; Judges 6:39, רַק־הַפּ׳ v Judges 6:39, אַךְ הַפּ׳ הַזֶּה Judges 16:28 (הַזֶּה doubtful, see above); (2) = now at length Genesis 2:23; Genesis 29:34, Genesis 29:35; Genesis 30:20; Genesis 46:30; Judges 15:3; Judges 16:18, compare also Exodus 9:27 now at length (it is clear that) I have sinned.

פַּעַם … פָּ֑עַם Proverbs 7:12 now … now, at one time … at another.

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פַּעֲמֹן

n.[m.] bell, on high-p.’s robe (from its stroke, beat);—פ׳ absolute Exodus 39:26^(×2) construct פ׳ זָהָב Exodus 28:34^(×2); plural הַפַּעֲמֹנִים Exodus 39:25, construct פַּעֲמֹנֵי זָהָב Exodus 28:33; Exodus 39:25.

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פַּעֲרַי

n.pr.m. II Samuel 23:35 (compare Phoenician n.pr.m. פער) = נַעֲרַי q.see

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פְּעוֹר

n.pr. Φογωρ:

mont. in Moab (appar. from some √ פעֿר);—Numbers 23:28 compare (בֵּית פ׳, בַּעַל פ׳ and reff.; also) Buhl^{Geogr. 122} Driver Deuteronomy 3:29; [Septuagint Joshua 15:59 [60] gives a Φαγωρ with Bethlehem; see also Septuagint for פָּ֑עוּ, פָּ֑עִי].

dei. (appar.) Numbers 25:18^(×2) (compare בַּעַל פ׳ v Numbers 25:3, Numbers 25:5), Numbers 31:16 Joshua 22:17.

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פָּצָה

verb part, open (Arabic فَصَى i, ii. separate, remove; Aramaic פְּצָא especially set free, ܦܰܨܺܐ Pa. set free);—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular פָּֽצְתָה Genesis 4:11 +, 2nd masculine singular פָּצִיתָ Judges 11:36, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִפְצֶה Job 35:16; imperative (ציווי) ms. פְּצֵה Ezekiel 2:8, with suffix פְּצֵנִי Psalms 144:7, Psalms 144:11; participle (בינוני) פֹּצֶה Isaiah 10:14, פּוֹ׳ Psalms 144:10;—

open mouth:

to swallow, figuratively of ground, הָאֲדָמָה Genesis 4:11, Numbers 16:30, הָאָרֶץ Deuteronomy 11:6; of enemies, + עַל person Lamentations 2:16; Lamentations 3:46 Psalms 22:14; literally Ezekiel 2:8.

to speak Judges 11:35, Judges 11:36 (utter a vow, + אֶל־י׳); Job 35:16; hence = utter, אֲשֶׁר פָּצוּ שְׁפָתַי Psalms 66:14; of bird chirping פֹּצֶה פֶה Isaiah 10:14 (in figuratively).

snatch away, set free (Aramaic loan-word), only Psalms 144, + הִצִּיל c. מִן v Psalms 144:7, Psalms 144:11; פ׳ c. מִן v Psalms 144:10.

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פָּצַל

verb

peel (Mishnaic Hebrew Pi. split, divide; so Arabic فَصَلَ J.Aramaic (Talm.) פְּצַל, Syriac ܦܨܰܠ; akin to בצל q.see);—past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular פִּצֵּל Genesis 30:38 (obj. rods); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיְפַצֵּל v Genesis 30:37 (with a direct object cogn.).

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פֶּ֫צַע

noun (masc.)^{Proverbs 27:6} bruise wound;—absolute פ׳ Exodus 21:25; Isaiah 1:6 (figuratively), Proverbs 20:30, פָּ֑צַע Exodus 21:25; with suffix פִּצְעִי Genesis 4:23; plural פְּצָעִים Proverbs 23:29; figuratively also construct פִּצְעֵי Proverbs 27:6 and with suffix פְּצָעַי Job 9:17.

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פָּצַץ

verb break (Arabic فَضَّ break, break asunder; Nab. פצץ break asunder; Syriac ܦܰܥ crush);—Pōʿ. future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְפֹצֵץ סָ֑לַע Jeremiah 23:29 a hammer which shatters rock.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix וַיְפַצְפְּצֵנִי Job 16:12 he [God] dashed me in pieces (figuratively) Hithpōʿ.

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פָּקַד

verb attend to, visit, muster, appoint (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, visit, enjoin; Phoenician פקד attend to, provide; Assyrian paḳâdu = Biblical Hebrew; Arabic فَقَدَ; faqada) lose, miss; also (Dozy) give heed, attention, to; Ethiopic ፈቀደ; visit, muster, desire, need, etc.; Nab. פקד command (Cook), so Targum פְּקַד Pa. Syriac ܦܩܰܕ, also visit);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular פ׳ Exodus 4:31 +; 1st singular פָּקַדְתִּי Exodus 3:16 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִפְקֹד Genesis 50:24 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. פְּקֹד Numbers 3:15 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute פָּקֹד Genesis 50:24 +; construct לִפְקֹד II Samuel 24:4 +, etc.; participle (בינוני) active פֹּקֵד Exodus 20:5 +; passive פְּקֻדִים(הַ) Exodus 30:14 +, construct פְּקוּדֵי Numbers 31:14 +, etc.;—

pay attention to, observe (with care, practical interest), of י׳ with a direct object person + rei Exodus 3:16, with a direct object person Exodus 4:31 (J; ‖ רָאָה), Psalms 8:5 (with providence, compare פְּקֻדָּה Job 10:12; ‖ זָכַר); with a direct object rei I Samuel 15:2 Psalms 80:15 (‖ הִבִּיט, רָאָה), Lamentations 4:22 (‖ גִּלָּה עַל), יִזְכֹּר עֲוֹנָם וְיִפְקֹד חַטֹּאתָם Hosea 8:13 = Hosea 9:9 = Jeremiah 14:10; I Samuel 17:18 observe thy brothers as to well-being (לְשָׁלוֹם; that is see how they fare).

attend to, in act, see to, with a direct object person II Kings 9:34; direct object of sheep Jeremiah 23:2 (in figuratively); compare Zechariah 10:3; Zechariah 11:16.

seek (with interest, desire), seek י׳ Isaiah 26:16; in bad sense, look about for Ezekiel 23:21. Hence

seek in vain, need, miss, lack (compare Niph., and Arabic Ethiopic above), with a direct object person I Samuel 20:6; Isaiah 34:16, rei I Samuel 25:15 Jeremiah 3:16.

specif. visit, with a direct object, for different purposes: with (ב) a present Judges 15:1; especially of י׳, visit graciously Genesis 21:1; Genesis 50:24, Genesis 50:25 = Exodus 13:19 (all E), Isaiah 23:17; Jeremiah 15:15 (‖ זָכַר), Jeremiah 27:22; Jeremiah 29:10; Jeremiah 32:5 Psalms 65:10 Ruth 1:6 +; בִּישׁוּעָתֶ֑ךָ Psalms 106:4 (‖ זָכַר); visit to search, test, direct object person Job 7:18 (‖ בָּחַן), Psalms 17:3 (‖ the same; obj. om.), absolute Job 31:14; to punish Jeremiah 6:15; Jeremiah 49:8; Jeremiah 50:31 Psalms 59:6; direct object person om. Exodus 32:34 Isaiah 26:14, c. עַל rei (of sin) Jeremiah 5:9, Jeremiah 5:29; Jeremiah 9:8 (here + ב person); direct object rei Psalms 89:33; absolute, of י׳’s anger Job 35:15.

c. עַל person, visit upon, י׳ subj., + direct object rei (of sin) Amos 3:2, Amos 3:14 Hosea 1:4; Hosea 2:15; Exodus 20:5; Exodus 34:7 Deuteronomy 5:9 + 10 times; direct object rei om., = punish Isaiah 10:12 Jeremiah 9:24; Jeremiah 11:22; Jeremiah 13:21 + 10 times Je, + 8 times; + כ rei Hosea 12:3 Jeremiah 21:14; + cl. of sin Hosea 4:14; c. אֶל person Jeremiah 50:18^(×2), אֶל + עַל Jeremiah 46:25; indef. subj. c. עַל of vineyard = injure Isaiah 27:3.

pass in review, muster (nearly = number), with a direct object, I Samuel 11:8; I Samuel 13:15; II Samuel 24:2, II Samuel 24:4 + 11 times + Numbers 1:3, Numbers 1:19, Numbers 1:44, Numbers 1:49 + 16 times Nu; direct object om. I Samuel 14:17^(×2) Numbers 3:42; obj. נָוֶה Job 5:24; especially pt. passive, persons or things mustered (numbered), Exodus 30:12, Exodus 30:13, Exodus 30:14; Exodus 38:25, Exodus 38:26;Numbers 1:21, Numbers 1:22 + 67 times Nu, + I Chronicles 23:24.

appoint:

with a direct object person + אִתָּם Genesis 40:4, + עַל person over whom Jeremiah 15:3; Jeremiah 51:27; Numbers 27:16, + אֶל (for עַל) Jeremiah 49:19 = Jeremiah 50:44; with a direct object person alone Numbers 3:10, + בְּרֹאשׁ הָעָם Deuteronomy 20:9; pt. passive plural appointed ones, officers, of (fighting) host Numbers 31:14, Numbers 31:48; II Kings 11:15 II Chronicles 23:14.

with a direct object rei, appoint, assign, + עַל person to whom, Numbers 4:27 (on text see Dillmann); with a direct object rei only, v Numbers 4:32; compare Job 34:13; Job 36:23; lay upon (עַל person) as a charge, Zephaniah 3:7 (reading מֵעֵינֶיהָ, Septuagint Wellhausen Nowack, for מְעוֹנָהּ); + inf. II Chronicles 36:23 = Ezra 1:2; = deposit, with a direct object rei + ב location, II Kings 5:24 (compare פִּקָּדוֹן).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִפְקַד I Samuel 25:7 +; 2nd masculine singular וְנִפְקַדְתָּ֫ I Samuel 20:18; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִפָּקֵד v I Samuel 20:18 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) הִפָּקֵד absolute I Kings 20:39; construct Judges 21:3;—

be (sought, that is needed) missed, lacking I Samuel 20:18 + v I Samuel 20:19 (Septuagint, for Masoretic Text תֵּרֵד, Wellhausen Driver al.), I Samuel 25:7 I Kings 20:39 (+ inf. absolute), II Kings 10:19^(×2) Jeremiah 23:4 (Gratz Gie conjunction יִפְחָ֖דוּ), + מִן particle Judges 21:3; I Samuel 25:21; II Samuel 2:30 Numbers 31:49; of seat I Samuel 20:18, place v I Samuel 25:27 (that is be empty).

be visited (graciously) Ezekiel 38:8; Isaiah 24:22, compare Isaiah 29:6 (ב accomp.; see Dillmann).

be visited upon, עַל person, Numbers 16:29 (subj. פְּקֻדָּה); בַּל יִפּ׳ רָ֑ע Proverbs 19:23 evil shall not be visited (sc. upon him; read perhaps שׂבֵר עָלָיו for שָׂבֵעַ יָלְין see Toy).

be appointed Nehemiah 7:1, + עַל Nehemiah 12:44.

(intens.) muster a host, participle (בינוני) מְפַקֵּד Isaiah 13:4 (of י׳).

be passed in review, past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular פֻּקַּד Exodus 38:21; be caused to miss, deprived of, 1st singular פֻּקַּדְתִּי Isaiah 38:10 with a direct object rei. Isaiah 38:10 sense doubtful, Gesenius am (shall be) missed for; Hitzig Dillmann De Cheyne^Comm. am punished, muleted of.

be mustered, past (עבר) 3rd plural הִתְפָּֽקְדוּ Judges 20:15, Judges 20:17; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיִּתְפָּקֵד Judges 21:9; 3rd masculine plural Judges 20:15 (on form see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 541).

the same, past (עבר) 3rd plural הָתְפָּֽקְדוּ I Kings 20:27 Numbers 1:47; Numbers 2:33; Numbers 26:62 (Gesenius^l.c.).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִפְקִיד Genesis 39:5 +, 2nd masculine singular with suffix הִפְקַדְתּוֹ I Samuel 29:4, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַפְקִיד Isaiah 10:28, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. הַפְקֵד Numbers 1:50 Psalms 109:6, etc.;—

with a direct object person, set (over), make overseer, II Kings 25:23; + עַל Genesis 39:4 Jeremiah 1:10 Numbers 1:50 + 8 times, figuratively, direct object of punishment, Leviticus 26:16; + ב Jeremiah 40:5 + 3 times; + ב and על Genesis 39:5; + ל I Kings 11:28; + אֲשֶׁר שָׁם I Samuel 29:4 where thou hast stationed him, ins. also v I Samuel 29:10 Septuagint The Wellhausen Driver al.; + אִתּוֹ Jeremiah 40:7, compare Jeremiah 41:10.

with a direct object rei (implic.),

commit, entrust (compare פִּקָּדוֹן), עַל־יַד פ׳ I Kings 14:27 = II Chronicles 12:10; with a direct object רוּחִי + בְּיָֽדְךָ Psalms 31:6.

deposit, with a direct object rei + ב location Jeremiah 36:20, + ל location Isaiah 10:28; direct object person (Jer. as prisoner) + ב location Jeremiah 37:21.

be visited in punishment, past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הָפְקַד Jeremiah 6:6 (impers.; but Septuagint ψευδής, read הַשֶּׁקֶר JDMich, הַפֶּרֶק Gie).

be deposited, אִתּוֹ Leviticus 5:23 (subj. הַפִּקָּדוֹן)

be made overseer, participle (בינוני) מֻפְקָדִים(הַ), c. בֵּית II Kings 22:9; II Kings 12:12 Qr (Kt הפקדים); בְּבֵית י׳ II Kings 22:5 (Qr del. ב), II Chronicles 34:10; c. עַל person II Chronicles 34:12; absolute v II Chronicles 34:17.

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פְּקֻדָּה

noun (fem.) oversight, mustering, visitation, store;—absolute פ׳ Hosea 9:7; I Chronicles 23:11; construct פְּקֻדַּת Numbers 3:32 +; with suffix פְּקֻדָּתוֹ Psalms 109:8, etc.; plural פְּקֻדּ(וֹ)ת Jeremiah 52:11 +;—

visitation:

= punishment Hosea 9:7; Isaiah 10:3; Micah 7:4; Ezekiel 9:1; Numbers 16:29, especially in (שְׁנַת)עֵת פְּקֻדָּתָם Jeremiah 8:12; Jeremiah 10:15 + 6 times Je (compare עֵת c. פָּקַד Jeremiah 6:15; Jeremiah 49:8; Jeremiah 50:31), בֵּית הַפּ׳ = prison Jeremiah 52:11.

gracious visitation, providence Job 10:12.

oversight, charge Numbers 4:16, also Numbers 3:36 (P; redund.), I Chronicles 26:30; = office II Chronicles 23:18.

overseer (abstr. for concr.), II Kings 11:18; Ezekiel 44:11 (c. אֶל rei), Numbers 3:32; coll. = magistracy Isaiah 60:17 (Lagarde^{BN 151}), compare II Chronicles 24:11.

class of officers I Chronicles 23:11; I Chronicles 24:3, I Chronicles 24:19.

charge = thing entrusted Numbers 4:16.

mustering II Chronicles 17:14; II Chronicles 26:11.

store, things laid up, Isaiah 15:7 Psalms 109:8 (perhaps; Hup Wellhausen^{Skizzen vi. 184} al. office).

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פְּקוּדִים

n.plural[m.] abstr. musterings, that is expenses;—construct פְּקוּדֵי Exodus 38:21 (see Dillmann).

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פָּקִיד

noun (masc.) commissioner, deputy, overseer;—absolute פ׳ Jeremiah 20:1 +; construct פְּקִיד II Chronicles 24:11; Nehemiah 11:22; with suffix פְּקִידוֹ Judges 9:28; plural פְּקִדִים Genesis 41:34 Jeremiah 29:26, פְּקִידִים II Chronicles 31:13; Esther 2:3;—commissioner, for special duty Genesis 41:34, Esther 2:3; permanent deputy of king Judges 9:28, of priest II Chronicles 24:11, of Levites II Chronicles 31:13; overseer, one in charge of men, c. עַל of soldiers II Kings 25:19 = Jeremiah 52:25, Benjamites Nehemiah 11:9, priests v Nehemiah 11:14; absolute, without עַל Jeremiah 29:26 (of priest in temple, reading פָּקִיד Vrss Gie), compare Jeremiah 20:1 (see נָגִיד 3); c. with suffix of Levites Nehemiah 11:22, singers Nehemiah 12:42.

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פְּקִדֻת

noun (fem.) oversight;—בַּעַל פ׳ Jeremiah 37:13 sentinel.

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פְּקוֹד

n.pr.gent. et terr. a people in Bab. army Ezekiel 23:23 (Φακουκ; A και Φουδ); יוֹשְׁבֵי פ׳ Jeremiah 50:21; = Assyrian Puḳûdu, tribe in SE. Babylonia, bordering Elam Winckler^{Sargon i. 241} Schr^COT Je Delitzsch^{Pa 240 f.}

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פָּקַח

verb open eyes and (once) ears (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, open (and remove) rubbish heap, followed by עַל look to, attend to; Arabic فَقَحَ blossom, ii. open eyes; J.Aram פְּקַח open eyes, etc.; Syriac ܦܩܰܚ blossom);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular פ׳ Job 27:19; 2nd masculine singular פָּקַחְתָּ Job 14:3; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיִּפְקַח Genesis 21:19 +; 1st singular אֶפְקַח Zechariah 12:4; imperative (ציווי) ms. פְּקַח II Kings 6:17 +, so Daniel 9:18 Qr (Kt פקחה); infinitive (מקור) absolute פָּקוֹחַ Isaiah 42:20; construct לִפְקֹחַ v Isaiah 42:7; participle (בינוני) active פֹּקֵחַ Psalms 146:8; passive fpl. פְּקֻחוֹת Jeremiah 32:19;—

open eyes:

one’s own II Kings 4:35; Job 27:19; Proverbs 20:13; II Kings 19:16 = Isaiah 37:17; Daniel 9:18; + עַל Jeremiah 32:19; Zechariah 12:4 Job 14:3.

eyes of others Genesis 21:19 II Kings 6:17^(×2), II Kings 6:20^(×2) Isaiah 42:7 Psalms 146:8;—for details see עַיִן 1 j.

open ears = hear Isaiah 42:20 (without understanding; figuratively of Isr.).

past (עבר) 3rd plural consec. וְנִפְקְחוּ Genesis 3:5; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine plural תִּפָּקַחְנָה Isaiah 35:5, וַתּ׳ Genesis 3:7;—be opened, of eyes; figuratively, so as to know good and evil Genesis 3:5, Genesis 3:7; opposite blindness (figuratively) Isaiah 35:5.

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פִּקֵּחַ

adjective seeing;—פ׳ Exodus 4:11 (opposite עִוֵּר); plural פִּקְחִים, figuratively, Exodus 23:8 clear-sighted ones (compare [עָוַר]).

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פֶּ֫קַח

n.pr.m. usurping king of Israel, Φακεε (opening (? of eyes), or compare Syriac ܦܶܩܚܳܐ flower; compare n.pr.m. פקח, פקחי, on old Isr. seals; in Assyrian Paḳaḫa (direct object) Schr^COT II Kings 15:30);—II Kings 15:25, II Kings 15:27, II Kings 15:29, II Kings 15:30, II Kings 15:31, II Kings 15:32, II Kings 15:37; II Kings 16:1, II Kings 16:5; Isaiah 7:1; II Chronicles 28:6.

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פְּקַחְיָה

n.pr.m. king of Israel (י׳ hath opened the eyes);—II Kings 15:22, II Kings 15:23, II Kings 15:26, Φακεσιας, Φακειας.

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פְּקָעִים

noun (masc.) ^{I Kings 7:24} plural carved wood or metal ornaments, either ball-, knob-shaped (Löw^{p. 332 f.}) or gourd-shaped (so most; compare following; Syriac ܦܩܺܝܥܶܐ flowers [Lexx]);—I Kings 6:18; I Kings 7:24^(×2).

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פַּקֻּעֹת

n.[f.] plural gourds (wild cucumbers, citrullus colocynthis, with purgative properties, according to Post^{Hastings DB ii. 250} De^{RIHWB 278 f.} Septuagint κολοκυνθίς; > momordica (or ecballium) elaterium, which is not a vine; compare Syriac ܦܰܩܽܘܥܳܐ, fruit of colocynthis (or the similar cucumis prophetarum), Löw^l.c. Brockelmann):—construct פ׳ שָׂדֶה II Kings 4:39.

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פַּר

see פרר.

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פֶּ֫רֶא

noun (masc.) ^{Job 39:5} (m. et. f. Jeremiah 2:24, but f. probably erron., compare Konig^{Synt. 157} Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 68}) wild ass (probably from swiftness);—פ׳ absolute Hosea 8:9 + (so Jeremiah 2:24 Gi; van d. H. Baer פֶּרֶה, construct Genesis 16:12; plural פְּרָאִים Jeremiah 14:6 +;—wild ass Jeremiah 14:6; Job 6:5; Job 39:5; Isaiah 32:14 Psalms 104:11; עַיִר פ׳ Job 11:12 wild ass’s colt; פ׳ אָדָם Genesis 16:12 a wild ass of a man (Ishmael as a free nomad); figuratively of wilfulness Hosea 8:9 (see I. בָּדַד); of lust Jeremiah 2:24 (that is Israel’s love of idolatry); of poor desert-dwellers Job 24:5.

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פִּרְאָם

n.pr.m. Canaanite king of Jarmuth Joshua 10:3, Φειδων, SeptuagintL Φεδαμ, A Φερααμ.

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פְּרוּדָא

n.pr.m. post-exil. name Ezra 2:55 (Φαδουρα), = פְּרִידָא Nehemiah 7:56 (Φερειδα; SeptuagintL as Ezr).

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פַּרְדֵּס

n.[m.] preserve, park (loan-word from Zend pairi-daêza, enclosure, Spieg Haug in Ewald^{Jarhb. see 162f.}, compare Spieg^{Avesta i, 293}; Pers. پاليز, pâlêz Lagarde^{Gesenius. Abh. 75, 211}, Kurd. parês Noldeke^{ZMG xxxvi (1882), 182}; hence Armenian paṛtêz Lagarde^{Arm. Stud. § 1878}, late Assyrian pardîsu Meissn^{ZA vi. 290}, Arabic فِرْدَوْسٌ; Gk. παράδεισος; compare also Delitzsch^{Pa 95 ff.} Dillmann Genesis 2:8);—הַפּ׳ Nehemiah 2:8 (containing trees); construct פַּרְדֵּס רִמּוֹנִים Song of Songs 4:13 (fruit-trees and costly plants); plural פַּרְדֵּסִים Ecclesiastes 2:5 (+ גַּנּוֹת).

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פָּרָה

verb bear fruit, be fruitful (Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew 1, פְּרִי = Biblical Hebrew; Phoenician פר fruit; Ethiopic ፈርየ: ፈረየ: blossom, bear fruit; Assyrian pirʾu, posterity; compare also Targum פֵּירָא, Syriac ܦܶܐܪܳܐ fruit, and Barth^{ZMG xii (1887), 604});—

past (עבר) 3rd plural פָּרוּ Exodus 1:7; 1st plural consec. וּפָרִינוּ Genesis 26:22, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִפְרֶה Isaiah 11:1, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. פְּרֵה Genesis 35:11, mpl. פְּרוּ Genesis 1:22 +; participle (בינוני) active פֹּרֶה Deuteronomy 29:17, f. פֹּרִיָּה Ezekiel 19:10 Isaiah 17:6, פֹּרָת (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 80 g; for *פֹּרַיַת Lagarde^{BN 81}) Genesis 49:22^(×2);—

of men and animals, Exodus 23:30 Genesis 26:22; especially + רבה Jeremiah 3:16; Jeremiah 23:3 Ezekiel 36:11; Genesis 35:11; Genesis 47:27, and שָׁרַץ Genesis 8:17; Genesis 9:7; Exodus 1:7, פְּרוּ וּרְבוּ וּמִלְאוּ וגו׳ Genesis 1:22, Genesis 1:28; Genesis 9:1.

of vine, גֶּפֶן פֹּרִיָּה Isaiah 32:12 fruitful vine, so Psalms 128:3 (sim. of wife); compare (in figuratively of Isr.) Ezekiel 19:10; in Mess. prediction Isaiah 11:1 a shoot from his [Jesse’s] roots shall bear fruit; with a direct object שֹׁרֶשׁ פ׳ רֹאשׁ figuratively, Deuteronomy 29:17 a root bearing gall (as its fruit); יִפְרוּ יֶשַׁע Isaiah 45:8 is doubtful, read perhaps 3rd feminine singular תֵּפֶר let earth be fruitful in salvation (Oort al.); participle (בינוני) f., as noun, הַפֹּרִיָּה the fruit-bearer, poet. for tree, Isaiah 17:6 (compare [סָעִיף] 2); so בֵּן פֹּרָת Genesis 49:22^(×2) Joseph is son of a fruit-bearer, that is a fruitful bough.

1. cause to bear fruit, 2. make fruitful, subj. י׳, with a direct object of man or people:

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular with suffix הִפְרַנִי Genesis 41:52.

in P, וְהִפְרֵתִ֫י Genesis 17:6, Genesis 17:20 (-רֵיתֵ֫י), + הִרְבָּה Leviticus 26:9; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular juss. יַפְרְךָ וְיַרְבְּךָ Genesis 28:3, וַיֶּפֶר Psalms 105:24; participle (בינוני) הִנְנִי מַפְרְךָ וְהִרְבִּיתִךָ Genesis 48:4

shew fruitfulness, bear fruit (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 53 c, d, g): future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַפְרִיא Hosea 13:15 (as if from פרא).

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פְּרִי

noun (masc.) Hosea 14:9 fruit;—absolute פ׳ Hosea 9:16 +, פֶּ֑רִי Jeremiah 12:12 +; especially construct פְּרִי Genesis 4:3 +; with suffix פִּרְיִי Proverbs 8:19, פֶּרְיְךָ Hosea 14:9, פִּרְיוֹ Genesis 3:6 +, וּפֶרְיְכֶם Ezekiel 36:8, פְּרִיהֶם Amos 9:14, פִּרְיָם Lamentations 2:20 +, פִּרְיָמוֹ Psalms 21:11, פְּרִיהֶן Jeremiah 29:28, פִּרְיָן v Jeremiah 29:5, etc.;—

פְּרִי הָאֲדָמָה Genesis 4:3, fruit of the ground, of produce in generally, so Deuteronomy 7:13 + 9 times Dt + 3 times; פ׳ הָאֶרֶץ Numbers 13:20, Numbers 13:26, Numbers 13:27 + 5 times, compare Ezekiel 25:4; fruit of vineyard II Kings 19:29 = Isaiah 37:30, Zechariah 8:12 Isaiah 65:21 Song of Songs 8:11, Song of Songs 8:12, in figuratively Hosea 10:1^(×2) + 5 times +Ezekiel 17:14 (but del. Septuagint Co al.); especially פ׳ הָעֵץ Genesis 3:2, Genesis 3:3, Genesis 3:6 Exodus 10:15 (all J) + 21 times, also, in figuratively, Amos 2:9 Hosea 9:16 + 4 times + Ezekiel 17:23 (read פֹּארָה branches Co al.); of gardens Amos 9:14; Jeremiah 29:5, Jeremiah 29:28, figuratively Song of Songs 4:12, Song of Songs 4:16; עֵץ פְּרִי is fruit-tree Genesis 1:11 Psalms 148:9, compare Ecclesiastes 2:5; אֶרֶץ פְּרִי Psalms 107:34; פְּרִי תְּבוּאָה v Psalms 107:37 fruit of (consisting in) a crop; Psalms 72:16 is doubtful; Cheyne Duhm interpr. as 2; Bae proposes יִפְרוּ.

= off-spring: fruit of womb (בֶּטֶן) Genesis 30:2; Deuteronomy 7:13 + 9 times, compare Lamentations 2:20 Psalms 21:11; of cattle (בְּהֵמָה) Deuteronomy 28:4, Deuteronomy 28:11, Deuteronomy 28:51; Deuteronomy 30:9; of serpent, figuratively of power conquering Philistia Isaiah 14:29.

figuratively of fruit of actions, that is their consequences: good Isaiah 3:10 Psalms 58:12; bad Hosea 10:13 Proverbs 1:31 Micah 7:13, of thoughts Jeremiah 6:19; of result of removing sin Isaiah 27:9; result of labour (fruit of hands) Proverbs 31:16, Proverbs 31:31; product of works of י׳ Psalms 104:13, of wisdom Proverbs 8:19; פ׳ צְדָקָה Amos 6:12, compare פ׳ צְדִּיק Proverbs 11:30 (read צֶדֶק Septuagint Hitzig Toy); of doings (that is course of life, or character) Jeremiah 17:10; Jeremiah 21:14; Jeremiah 32:19; פ׳ פִי־אִישׁ that is speech Proverbs 12:14; Proverbs 13:2; Proverbs 18:20; fruit of arrogance Isaiah 10:12 is arrogant speech; fruit of tongue Proverbs 18:21 = consequences of speech.

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פָּרָה²

see III. פרר.

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פֶּרֶה

see פֶּרֶא

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פְּרָזוֹן

n.[m.] doubtful; פ׳ Judges 5:7; with suffix פִּרְזוֹנוֹ v Judges 5:11 (Lagarde^{BN 119}), poss. coll. rural population, rustics, Bachm Budde (the latter as generally obj. after צִדְקֹת righteous acts to the peasants); > Septuagint Gesenius' Thesaurus Be leaders and leadership (compare [פֶּרֶז]); text very uncertain; on v Judges 5:7 see [פְּרָזָה] above

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פָּרַח

verb bud, sprout, shoot (Mishnaic Hebrew Hiph. = Biblical Hebrew Hiph. 2; Ecclus פרח Qal = flourish, Hiph. causat., Ben Sira 49:10; Ben Sira 40:19; Arabic فَرِخَ ii. hatch, also sprout, فَرْخٌ young of bird (see אֶפְרֹחַ below), twig, sprout; Assyrian pirḫu, n. sprout;—on meaning compare GFM^{JBL x (1891), 57})—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular פ׳ Ezekiel 7:10 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִפְרַח Hosea 14:6 +, 3rd feminine plural תִּפְרַחְנָה Isaiah 66:14, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute פָּרֹחַ Isaiah 35:2; construct בִּפְרֹחַ Psalms 92:8; participle (בינוני) f. פֹּרַ֫חַת Genesis 40:10;—bud, sprout, send out shoots, of vine Genesis 40:10, Hosea 14:8 (sim.), Song of Songs 6:11; Song of Songs 7:13; fig-tree Habakkuk 3:17 (< Septuagint We Now תִּפְרֶה); rods Numbers 17:20, Numbers 17:23; metaphorically of restored Isr. Hosea 14:6; Isaiah 27:6, compare of bones Isaiah 66:14 (כַּדֶּשֶׂא); of righteous Psalms 72:7; Psalms 92:13 Proverbs 11:28; of wicked (כְּמוֹ עֵשֶׂב) Psalms 92:8; also of steppe (עֲרָבָה) Isaiah 35:1, פָּרֹחַ תִּפְרַח v Isaiah 35:2; figuratively of judgment Hosea 10:4 (כָּרֹאשׁ; but on text see Nowack); of זָדוֹן (q.see p. 268) Ezekiel 7:10.

past (עבר) 1st singular הִפְרַחְתִּי Ezekiel 17:24; future (עתיד) יַפְרִחַ Job 14:9, etc.;—

cause to bud or sprout, with a direct object עֵץ Ezekiel 17:24, זֶרַע Isaiah 17:11, both figuratively

shew buds, sprouts, of tree Job 14:9; figuratively of righteous Psalms 92:14; = flourish, of אֹהֶל יְשָׁרִים, Proverbs 14:11 (all Qal in—ִ according to Barth^{ZMG xliii (1889), 180f.}).

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פָּרַח²

verb break out, of leprosy and like eruptions (in P) (usually taken as = I. פ׳. but doubtful; Mishnaic Hebrew the same, also decay, ferment Vogelst^{Landwirthschaft 22}; Syriac ܦܪܰܚ spread, of leprosy, etc.; NS. ܦܵܪܘׄܚܬܵܐ leprous spots)—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular פ׳ Leviticus 13:39 (of פֹּהַק), וּפ׳ consec. Leviticus 14:43 (of נֶגַע); of צָרַעַת, 3rd feminine singular פָּרָ֑חָה Leviticus 13:20, Leviticus 13:25, also future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular + infinitive (מקור) absolute פָּרוֹחַ תִּפְרַח v Leviticus 13:12, and participle (בינוני) f. פֹּרַחַת v Leviticus 13:42, Leviticus 13:57; of שְׁחִין participle (בינוני) m. פֹּרֵחַ Exodus 9:9, Exodus 9:10.

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פָּרַח³

verb fly, Aramaism, si vera l. (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, especially fly away; Aramaic פְרַח, ܦܪܰܚ fly; ܦܳܪܰܚܬܳܐ insect, bird);—

participle (בינוני) fpl. לְפֹרְחוֹת Ezekiel 13:20^(×2) for (like?) flying things, that is birds, but del. Septuagint Peshitta Hitzig Siegf in v a (where probably ins. from v b); Co Toy Berthol Krae in v a, b.

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פָּרוּחַ

n.pr.m. in Issachar I Kings 4:17, Septuagint Φουασουδ, A Φαρρον, SeptuagintL Βαρσαουχ.

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פְּרִי²

see פרה.

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פָּרֹ֫כֶת

noun (fem.) curtain, before Most Holy Place, in tabern. (prop. that which habitually shuts off, that is parrâku (Lagarde^{BN 88}) Konig^{ii. 1, 201});—פ׳ absolute Exodus 26:31 + 17 times P; construct פ׳ הַמָּסָ֑ךְ Exodus 35:12; Exodus 39:34; Exodus 40:21; Numbers 4:5, פ׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Leviticus 4:6, פ׳ הָעֵדוּת Leviticus 24:3; in temple II Chronicles 3:14.

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פַּרְמַשְׁתָּא

n.pr.m. son of Haman Esther 9:9, Μαρμασιμ(ν)α.

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פַּרְנָךְ

n.pr.m. of Zebulun Numbers 34:25, Φαρ(α)ναχ.*

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פָּרַס

n.pr.terr. Persia, Περσῶν (genit.), Daniel 11:2 τῇ Περσίδι (Septuagint et Θ), II Chronicles 36:20 Μήδων (OPers. Pârsa, Persian, Persia, Spieg^{APK 231}, NPers. پَارْسِ, فَارْسِ; Arabic فَارِسُ );—פ׳ II Chronicles 36:22 +, פָּרָ֑ס v II Chronicles 36:20 +;—in late literally, II Chronicles 36:20, v II Chronicles 36:22^(×2), II Chronicles 36:23 = Ezra 1:1^(×2), Ezra 1:2; Daniel 10:1 + 11 times Ezr Dn + (c. מָדַי) Esther 1:3, Esther 1:14, Esther 1:18, Esther 1:19; Esther 10:2; Daniel 8:20; פ׳ Ezekiel 27:10; Ezekiel 38:5 is doubted by Toy (who, Ezekiel 27:10, reads כּוּשׁ, after Gratz), but Krae defends.

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פָּרַס²

erron. פָּרַשׂ Noldeke^{ZA j, 417}] verb break in two, divide (Mishnaic Hebrew in der. forms; Assyrian parâsu, divide, hinder; Arabic فَرَسَ break neck, etc.; Syriac ܦܰܪܣܳܐ hoof, Targum פַּרְסְתָא (see פַּרְסָה below); compare Noldeke^{ZA i. 417 f.});—Qal past (עבר) 3rd plural וּפָֽרְשׂוּ Micah 3:3 they have broken up bones, as in kettle (? read future (עתיד) וַיִּפְרְשׂוּ Noldeke^l.c.); infinitive (מקור) absolute פָּרֹס לָרָעֵב לַחְמֶ֑ךָ Isaiah 58:7 a breaking for the hungry thy bread, so future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יִפְרְסוּ לָהֶם Jeremiah 16:7 (לֶחֶם om.; but read יִפ׳ לֶחֶם אֶל־אָבֵל Gie, compare [in part] Septuagint Vulgate Gf); participle (בינוני) פֹרֵשׂ לָהֶם Lamentations 4:4 (direct object לֶחֶם om.). Hiph. past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular הִפְרִיסָה Leviticus 11:6, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַפְרִיס v Leviticus 11:5; participle (בינוני) מַפְרִיס v Leviticus 11:4 +, מַפְרֶסֶת v Leviticus 11:3 +, etc.;—

with a direct object פַּרְסָה divide hoof, that is have divided hoof (> denom. have hoofs), Deuteronomy 14:6, Deuteronomy 14:7, Deuteronomy 14:8 and ‖ Leviticus 11:3, Leviticus 11:4, Leviticus 11:5, Leviticus 11:6, Leviticus 11:7, so also Leviticus 11:26; מַפְרִיסֵי הַפּ׳ Deuteronomy 14:7 = מַפְרִסֵי הַפּ׳ Leviticus 11:4.

pt. absolute denom. Psalms 69:32 having hoofs (+ מַקְרִן).

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פַּרְסָה

noun (fem.) hoof (probably orig. divided hoof; compare Noldeke^{ZA i (1886), 417}, later of any hoof (see 2 below), even Aramaic of foot-sole of dove Targum Onkelos Genesis 8:9, and of men (Jeremiah 47:3 +), compare Noldeke^l.c.);—פ׳ absolute Exodus 10:26 +; plural פְּרָס(וֹ)ת Deuteronomy 14:6; Leviticus 11:3; construct the same Isaiah 5:28 +; with suffix פַּרְסֹתַיִךְ Micah 4:13, פַּרְסֵיהֶן Zechariah 11:16;—

of ruminants Exodus 10:26 (E; meton. for animal itself), Micah 4:13 (figuratively of Zion), Ezekiel 32:13 Zechariah 11:16 (figuratively); especially שֶׁסַע פ׳ (שְׁתֵּי) Deuteronomy 14:6 = Leviticus 11:3; Leviticus 11:7, and c. פָּרַס Hiph. (q.see) v Leviticus 11:3 + 10 times Leviticus 11; Deuteronomy 14.

of horses (not divided) Isaiah 5:28; Ezekiel 26:11 (so Targum Peshitta), Jeremiah 47:3.

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פרע

(√ of following; compare perhaps Arabic فَرَعَ overtop, figuratively excel; فَرْعٌ noble, eminent man; Sab. פרע be lofty Os^{ZMG xix (1865), 178 f.}, פדע highest part SabDenkm⁹⁰, figuratively best, DHM^{ib., 32 f.} CIS^{iv. Noldeke. 2, 1, 13} especially of offering DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 341 ff.} (compare Arabic فَرَعٌ firstling offered to gods)).

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פֶּ֫רַע

n.[m.] leader (?);—plural absolute בִּפְרֹעַ פְּרָעוֹת Judges 5:2 for the leading of the leaders (Septuagint (Alexandrinus) Be Budde al., but uncertain; Septuagint (Vaticanus) Symm, compare Wellhausen^{Isr. u. Jüd. Gesch. (2), 97; Heid. (2), 123} al., for the loosing of locks [ii. פֶּרַע], in vow of war; on these and other views see especially GFM^{ad location}; conjunction also by Lambert^{RÉJ xxiv. 140} Grimme^{ZMG 1 (1896), 572} Cheyne^{JQ, July 1899, 561} [reading ברכו]); construct מֵרֹאשׁ פַּרְעוֹת אוֹיֵב Deuteronomy 32:42 from the head of leaders of the foe Septuagint Dillmann Steuern al.; Kn Ke Driver al. from the long-haired heads of the foe.

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פָּרַע

verb denom. act as leader, lead (?);—only infinitive (מקור) construct בִּפְרֹעַ Judges 5:2, see above

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פרע²

(√ of following; compare Syriac ܦܪܰܥ sprout; Assyrian pirʾu, sprout, progeny, pirtu, hair of head; late Arabic فَرَعَ sprout (Schroeter in Me^{Archiv. i. 176} Dozy^{ii. 256}), فَرْعٌ long hair of woman;—on this and following √ see Schulthess^{Hom. Wurz. 56} Noldeke^{ZMG liv (1900), 154}).

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פֶּ֫רַע²

n.[m.] long hair of head, locks;—פ׳ absolute Ezekiel 44:20; construct פ׳ שְׂעַר רֹאשׁוֹ Numbers 6:5.—Judges 5:2 Deuteronomy 32:42, see i. פֶּרַע.

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פָּרַע²

verb let go, let alone (Mishnaic Hebrew the same unbind (hair), uncover; Arabic فَرَغَ be empty, vacant, unoccupied (c. من rei), Syriac ܦܪܰܥ uncover; Targum פְּרַע = Mishnaic Hebrew);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular consec. וּפָרַע Numbers 5:18; with suffix פְּרָעֹה (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 7 b, c) Exodus 32:25; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִפְרָ֑ע Leviticus 21:10, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. with suffix פְּרָעֵהוּ Proverbs 4:15; infinitive (מקור) construct פְּרֹעַ Judges 5:2; participle (בינוני) active פּוֹרֵעַ Proverbs 13:18; Proverbs 15:32; passive פָּרוּעַ Leviticus 13:45, פָּרֻעַ Exodus 32:25;—

let go, let loose, people, that is remove restraint from them, Exodus 32:25^(×2); compare Job 15:4 Cheyne^{JQ, July 1897, 577} (תִּפְרָע for תִּגְרַע); unbind head (by removing turban, sign of mourning) Leviticus 10:6; Leviticus 21:10 (forbidden to priests); also Leviticus 13:45 (leper), Numbers 5:18 (woman; all c. רֹאשׁ; see Nowack^{Arch. ii. 114}; >denom. from פֶּרַע Gerber¹⁸ al.).

let alone = avoid Proverbs 4:15; = neglect Proverbs 1:25; Proverbs 8:33; Proverbs 13:18; Proverbs 15:32; absolute = refrain Ezekiel 24:14.—Judges 5:2 see I. פֶּרַע.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִפָּ֫רַע עָ֑ם Proverbs 29:18 the people is let loose, lacks restraint.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִפְרִיעַ II Chronicles 28:19; future (עתיד) 2nd masculine plural תַּפְרִיעוּ Exodus 5:4;—

cause people to refrain, מִמַּעֲשָׂיו Exodus 5:4.

shew lack of restraint II Chronicles 28:19.

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פַּרְעֹה

noun (masc.) Pharaoh, Φαραω, title of Egyptian kings (Egyptian pr-ʿo, great house, of royal court, and (in new kingdom) of king Griffith^{Hastings DB} Mey^{Gesch. Alt. i. 59} Steind^{BAS i. 343}; in Assyrian priʾu according to most, compare COT^Gloss. Steind^l.c., but see Winckler^{MVAG, 1898, 3rd feminine});—פ׳ Genesis 12:15^(×3), Genesis 12:17 + 212 times Hex (mostly JE, rarely DP), I Samuel 2:27; I Samuel 6:6; I Kings 3:1^(×2) + 19 times K, Isaiah 19:11^(×2) + 3 times, Jeremiah 25:19 + 10 times, Ezekiel 17:17 + 12 times, Nehemiah 9:10; I Chronicles 4:18; II Chronicles 8:11 Psalms 135:9; Psalms 136:15; Song of Songs 1:9; + מֶלֶךְ מִצְרַיִם (not early) Jeremiah 25:19; Jeremiah 46:17; Deuteronomy 7:8; Deuteronomy 11:3; Ezekiel 29:2, Ezekiel 29:3; Ezekiel 30:21, Ezekiel 30:22; Ezekiel 31:2; I Kings 3:1; I Kings 9:16; I Kings 11:18; II Kings 17:7; II Kings 18:21 = Isaiah 36:6; Genesis 41:46, Exodus 6:11, Exodus 6:13, Exodus 6:27, Exodus 6:29; Exodus 14:8 (all P); c. n.pr. פ׳ חָפְרַע Jeremiah 44:30, פ׳ נְכֹה Jeremiah 46:2; II Kings 23:29, II Kings 23:33, II Kings 23:34, II Kings 23:35.

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פַּרְעֹשׁ

noun (masc.) flea (Assyrian puršuʾû, paršuʾû; on transp. of, see Hom^{A. u. A. i. 21});—figuratively of insignificance I Samuel 24:15; I Samuel 26:20 נַפְשִׁי Septuagint Th Wellhausen Driver al.

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פַּרְעֹשׁ²

n.pr.m. Φορος, Φαρες, etc. (flea; compare Gray^{Prop. N. 94});—

head of post-ex.. family Ezra 2:3 = Nehemiah 7:8; Ezra 8:3; Ezra 10:25; Nehemiah 3:25.

Nehemiah 10:15.

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פָּרַץ

† I. פָּרַץ verb break through (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; J.Aramaic פְּרַץ the same; perhaps Assyrian parâṣu (see Delitzsch^HWB); Arabic فَرَصَ cut, slit, also hit);—
Qal past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular פָּרַץ II Samuel 5:20 +; 2nd masculine singular with suffix פְּרַצְתָּנוּ Psalms 60:3, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִפְרֹץ Exodus 1:12; Exodus 19:22, יִפְרָץ־ v Exodus 19:24, וַיִּפְרֹץ Genesis 30:30 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute פָּרֹץ Isaiah 5:5; construct פְּרֹץ II Chronicles 31:5, פְּרוֹץ Ecclesiastes 3:3; participle (בינוני) active פֹּרֵץ Micah 2:13; Ecclesiastes 10:8; passive fs. פְּרוּצָה II Chronicles 32:5; Proverbs 25:28; mpl. פְּרֻצִים Nehemiah 4:1, + הֵם פְּרוּצִים Nehemiah 2:13 Qr (> Kt המפרוצים);—break through:

break or burst out, from womb Genesis 38:29 (J; with a direct object cogn.); from enclosure Micah 2:13.

break through, down (from without), with a direct object גָּדֵר Isaiah 5:5 Psalms 80:13; Psalms 89:41; Ecclesiastes 10:8; חוֹמָה Nehemiah 3:35; II Chronicles 26:6, compare pt. passive Nehemiah 2:13; II Chronicles 32:5; c. בְּחוֹמָה = make a breach in II Kings 14:13 = II Chronicles 25:23; עִיר פְּרוּצָה Proverbs 25:28; absolute, opposite בָּנָה Ecclesiastes 3:3; הַפֹּרֵץ Micah 2:13; הַפְּרוּצִים Nehemiah 4:1 the part broken down.

break into, with a direct object בֵּית י׳ II Chronicles 24:7.

break open, a mining shaft Job 28:4.

break up, break in pieces, with a direct object מַעֲשֶׂיךָ II Chronicles 20:37 (‖ וַיִּשָּֽׁבְרוּ אֳנִיּוֹת).

break out (violently) upon, of י׳ in sudden judgment, with a direct object person II Samuel 5:20 = I Chronicles 14:11, Psalms 60:3; c. ב person Exodus 19:22, Exodus 19:24, I Chronicles 15:13, so of plague Psalms 106:29; of י׳, with a direct object cogn. פֶּרֶץ + ב person II Samuel 6:8 = I Chronicles 13:11; with a direct object cogn. + with suffix Job 16:14.

use violence, absolute Hosea 4:2.

break over [limits], increase, וַיִּפְרֹץ לָרֹב Genesis 30:30, I Chronicles 4:38; + ה location Genesis 28:14; absolute Genesis 30:43, Exodus 1:12 (J; + רָבָה), Hosea 4:10 Isaiah 54:3, פָּרַץ בָּאָרֶץ Job 1:10.

burst open, intrans., of wine-vats Proverbs 3:10 (with a direct object mat. תִּירוֹשׁ).

spread, that is become known, of הַדָּבָר II Chronicles 31:5.—I Chronicles 13:2 is probably corrupt, see Kau, who (after Siegfried-Stade) conjunction נֶחֱרָצָה; פ׳ in II Chronicles 11:23 is appar. distribute (c. מִן partit.), but dubious.—I Samuel 28:23; II Samuel 13:25; II Samuel 13:27; II Kings 5:23 see פצר.
Niph. participle (בינוני) אֵין חָזוֹן נִפְרָ֑ץ I Samuel 3:1 no vision spread abroad (that is general, or frequent, compare Qal 10; ‖ דְּבַר י׳ הָיָה יָקָר), but text dubious.
Pu. participle (בינוני) f. מְפרָ֑צֶת Nehemiah 1:3 broken down.
Hithp. participle (בינוני) plural הַמִּתְפָּֽרְצִים I Samuel 25:10 slaves who break away, each from (מִפְּנֵי) his master.

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פֶּ֫רֶץ

noun (masc.) ^{Job 30:14} bursting forth, breach; absolute פ׳ Judges 21:15 +, פָּ֑רֶץ Genesis 38:29 +; construct פֶּרֶץ II Samuel 5:20 +; plural פְּרָצִים Amos 4:3 +, פְּרָצוֹת Ezekiel 13:5, with suffix פִּרְצֵיהֶן Amos 9:11 (פְּרָצֶיהָ Wellhausen Nowack);—

bursting forth, outburst, of water II Samuel 5:20 = I Chronicles 14:11; from womb Genesis 38:29.

breach in wall Amos 4:3; I Kings 11:27; Nehemiah 6:1 Psalms 144:14; Job 30:14; so (c. גָּדַר, that is repair) Amos 9:11; Isaiah 58:12; figuratively of effort to avert calamity, עָלָה בַּפְּרָצוֹה Ezekiel 13:5 (‖ גָּדַר), עָמַד בַּפֶּרֶץ Ezekiel 22:30 (‖ the same), compare Psalms 106:23, by instruction and (especially) intercession.

broken wall, פ׳ נֹפֵל Isaiah 30:13.

figuratively of outburst of י׳’s wrath, direct object cogn. c. פָּרַץ II Samuel 6:8 = I Chronicles 13:11; Job 16:14 (פֶרֶץ עַל־פְנֵי־פָ֑רֶץ); עָשָׂה פ׳ בְּ Judges 21:15.

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פֶּ֫רֶץ²

n.pr.

m. son of Judah and Tamar, Φαρες;—פ׳ Genesis 46:12 +, פָּ֑רֶץ Genesis 38:29 + 3 times;—Genesis 38:29; Genesis 46:12^(×2); Numbers 26:20, Numbers 26:21; Ruth 4:12, Ruth 4:18^(×2); I Chronicles 2:4, I Chronicles 2:5; I Chronicles 4:1; I Chronicles 9:4; I Chronicles 27:3; Nehemiah 11:4, Nehemiah 11:6.

location in

פ׳ עֻזָּה near Jerus. II Samuel 6:8 = II Chronicles 13:11.

הַר פְּרָצִים Isaiah 28:21, perhaps = בַּעַל פ׳ q.see p. 128.—compare רִמֹּן פָּ֑רֶץ.

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פָּרִיץ

noun (masc.) violent one (robber, murderer);—פ׳ שֹׁפֵךְ דָּם Ezekiel 18:10; אָרְחוֹת פ׳ Psalms 17:4; plural פָּרִיצִים Ezekiel 7:22, מְעָרַת פָּרִצִים Jeremiah 7:11; construct בְּנֵי פָּרִיצֵי עַמְּךָ Daniel 11:14; of wild beast, פְּרִיץ חַיּוֹת Isaiah 35:9.

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פָּרַק

verb tear apart, away (Mishnaic Hebrew remove (load, etc.), Pi. separate, take to pieces; Arabic فَرَقَ split, divide; 𝔏 פְּרַק especially redeem, rescue; Syriac ܦܪܰܩ withdraw (intrans.), also remove, rescue; Ethiopic ፈረቀ set free);—

past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular וּפָרַקְּתָּ֫ Genesis 27:40; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix וַיִּפְרְקֵנוּ Psalms 136:24; participle (בינוני) active פֹּרֵק Lamentations 5:8 Psalms 7:3 tear away yoke from off (מֵעַל) neck Genesis 27:10; snatch from (מִן) foes, = rescue (Aramaic) Lamentations 5:8 Psalms 136:24; so absolute Psalms 7:3 (prefixing (וְ)אֵין, Septuagint Peshitta Cheyne Duhm Wellhausen), > Hup Bae al. snatch away as prey.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְפָרֵק Zechariah 11:16 he shall tear off their hoofs; imperative (ציווי) mpl. פָּֽרְקוּ Exodus 32:2 tear off the golden ear-rings; participle (בינוני) מְפָרֵק I Kings 19:11 a great wind rending mts. (‖ מְשַׁבֵּר).

tear off (for, that is from, oneself Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 54 f); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural וַיִּתְפָּֽרְקוּ Exodus 32:3, with a direct object אֶת־נִזְמֵי הַוָּהָב; imperative (ציווי) mpl. הִתְפָּרָ֑קוּ v Exodus 32:24 (E; obj. om.); passive be broken off, past (עבר) 3rd plural הִתְפָּֽרְקוּ Ezekiel 19:12 (branches).

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פֶּ֫רֶק

n.[m.]

parting of ways, Obadiah 1:14.

plunder (as snatched away), Nahum 3:1.

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פָּרַר

verb

break, frustrate (Mishnaic Hebrew Pi. crumble; J.Aram פְּרַר; Assyrian parâru, destroy; ii. shatter; Liḥy. והפרו destroy, DHM^{Epigr. Denkm., Noldeke. 21, 7});—past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הֵפֵר Isaiah 33:8 +, הֵפַ֑ר Genesis 17:14 Numbers 15:31; also metaplastic form הֵפִיר Ezekiel 17:19 Psalms 33:10 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67 v); 2nd masculine singular וְהֵפַרְתָּ֫ה II Samuel 15:34, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָפֵר Numbers 30:13 +, וַיָּ֫פֶר Nehemiah 4:9, etc.; also 1st singular אָפִיר Psalms 89:34 (Gesenius^l.c.); imperative (ציווי) ms. הָפֵר II Chronicles 16:3 Psalms 85:5, הָפֵ֫רָה I Kings 15:19; infinitive (מקור) abs>. הָפֵר Proverbs 15:22 +; construct לְהָפֵר II Samuel 17:14 +, לְהָפֵיר Zechariah 11:10, with suffix לְהַפְרְכֶם Leviticus 26:15 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67 dd); participle (בינוני) מֵפֵר Isaiah 44:25 Job 5:12;—

break, violate, especially with a direct object בְּרִית:

of י׳ Judges 2:1 Jeremiah 14:21 Leviticus 26:44 Zechariah 11:10.

of men violating covenant with י׳ Jeremiah 11:10; Jeremiah 31:32 Deuteronomy 31:16, Deuteronomy 31:20 Leviticus 26:15 Ezekiel 44:7 Genesis 17:14 Isaiah 24:5, Jeremiah 33:20 Ezekiel 16:59.

of men breaking compact, league (with men), Isaiah 33:8 I Kings 15:19 = II Chronicles 16:3, Ezekiel 17:15, Ezekiel 17:16, Ezekiel 17:18, Ezekiel 17:19.

of destroying the אַחֲוָה between Judah and Israel Zechariah 11:14.

of breaking י׳’s מִצְוָה Numbers 15:31 Ezra 9:14, תּוֹרָה Psalms 119:126.

frustrate, make ineffectual:

counsel (עֵצָה) II Samuel 15:34; II Samuel 17:14 Ezra 4:5; י׳ subj. Nehemiah 4:9 Psalms 33:10; of man frustrating י׳’s counsel Isaiah 14:27, so, with a direct object מִשְׁפָּט Job 40:8; with a direct object מַחֲשָׁבוֹת in generally, of men Proverbs 15:22, י׳ subj. Job 5:12, so, with a direct object אֹתוֹת Isaiah 44:25.

make vow (נֶדֶר) ineffectual, annul it Numbers 30:9, Numbers 30:14 (opposite הֵקִים), v Numbers 30:13, also (future (עתיד) + infinitive (מקור) absolute) v Numbers 30:13, Numbers 30:16.

of annulling (godly) fear Job 15:4; חַסְדִּי לֹא אָפִיר מֵעִמּוֹ Psalms 89:34 read probably אָסִיר Olshausen Cheyne Bae al.; הָפֵר בַּעַסְךָ Psalms 85:4 (read הָסֵר Septuagint Bi Cheyne).

וְתָפֵר הָאֲבִיּוֹנָה Ecclesiastes 12:5 is doubtful: De Wild al. fails (to excite [?<וְתֻפַר Hoph. is made ineffectual]); Ewald bursts (Siegf וְתֻפַר); but caper-berry not dehiscent (Post^{Flora of Syriac 106 ff.} M’Lean-Dyer^{Ency. Bib. 696}); Post^{Letter, July 28, 1901} breaks up (by shrivelling), figuratively of failing sexual power; Aq from פרה bear fruit (compare GFM^{JBL x (1891), 60}); Perles^{Anal. 30} וְתִפְרַח.

future (עתיד)

be frustrated, 3rd feminine singular וְתֻפָ֑ר Isaiah 8:10 (of עֵצָה).

be broken, of covenant, 3rd feminine singular תֻּפַר Jeremiah 33:21; וַתֻּפַר Zechariah 11:11; so Isaiah 28:18 (read וְתֻפַר for וְכֻפַּר, see כ׳). Phip. future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix וַיְפַרְפְּרֵנִי Job 16:12 he hath shattered me.

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פָּרַר²

verb split, divide (so Psalms 74:13 seems to require [but √ פור Siegfried-Stade is possible], compare Arabic فَرْفَرَ split, tear, rend; perhaps = I.; > Buhl^Lex. shake, quake, citing Arabic فَرْفَرَ shake, Aramaic אִתְפַּרְפַּר, ܦܰܪܦܰܪ, compare Mishnaic Hebrew פִּרְפֵּר);—

infinitive (מקור) absolute + Hithpōʿ. past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular פּוֹר הִתְפּוֹרְרָה אֶרֶץ Isaiah 24:19 split or cracked through is the earth (Cheyne^{Hebrew Haupt..} פרוק התפרקה). Pōʿ. past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular פּוֹרַרְתָּ Psalms 74:13 thou [י׳] didst divide the sea.

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פרר

(√ of following; compare Mishnaic Hebrew פַּר, פָּרָה = Biblical Hebrew; Arabic فُرَارٌ young of ewe, cow, or goat; Syriac ܦܰܪܬܳܐ ewe (compare Noldeke^{ZMG xi (1886), 734}), and so Assyrian parru, according to Jen and Zim^{ZA iii. 202}).

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פַּר²

noun (masc.) Genesis 32:16 young bull, steer;—absolute פ׳ Numbers 7:15 +, פָּ֑ר Psalms 50:9, always הַפָּר I Samuel 1:25 +; construct פַּר (הַ)חַטָּאת Exodus 29:36 +; plural פָּרִים Genesis 32:16 +; with suffix פָּרֶיהָ Jeremiah 50:27;—steer [see especially פַּר בֶּן־בָּקָר Leviticus 4:3 + 6 times; פ׳ אֶחָד ב׳־ב׳ Exodus 29:1 + 12 times Numbers 7, compare Numbers 8:8; פ׳ ב׳־ב׳ אֶחָד Numbers 15:24 + 3 times, compare Ezekiel 43:23; Ezekiel 45:18; Ezekiel 46:6; plural פָּרִים בְּנֵי־ב׳ Numbers 28:11 + 4 times; see בֵּן, בָּקָר]:

as gift Genesis 32:16; figuratively of fierce enemies Psalms 22:18.

elsewhere as sacrifical victims:

in peace-offering Exodus 24:5 (E; Covenant Code), I Samuel 1:24 (read פַּר for פָּרִים Septuagint Peshitta Th Wellhausen Driver al.), v I Samuel 1:25 Numbers 7:88, II Chronicles 30:24^(×2).

burnt-offering Judges 6:25^(×2) (on text compare GFM), v Judges 6:26, Judges 6:28 I Kings 18:23^(×3), I Kings 18:25, I Kings 18:26, I Kings 18:33; Ezekiel 43:23 + 5 times Ez, Numbers 7:15, Numbers 7:21 + 46 times Nu, I Chronicles 15:26; I Chronicles 29:21 Ezra 8:35 Job 42:8 Psalms 50:9; Psalms 51:21; Leviticus 23:18 (gloss, Driver-Wh).

sin-offering Ezekiel 43:19 + 5 times Ez, Exodus 29:1, Exodus 29:3, Exodus 29:10^(×2), Exodus 29:11, Exodus 29:12, Exodus 29:14, Exodus 29:36 compare II Chronicles 13:9; II Chronicles 29:21, Leviticus 4:3, Leviticus 4:4^(×3) + 25 times Lv, Numbers 8:8;—both b. and c. Numbers 8:12.

more generally Isaiah 1:11 Psalms 69:32.

figuratively פָּרִים שְׂפָתֵינוּ Hosea 14:3 we will pay (as with) bullocks, our lips, but read פְּרִי Septuagint Wellhausen Nowack, compare Cheyne.

of princes and warriors slain by י׳, under figuratively of sacrifice Isaiah 34:7; Jeremiah 50:27; Ezekiel 39:18.

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פָּרָה³

noun (fem.) heifer, cow;—absolute פ׳ Isaiah 11:7 +; with suffix פָּרָתוֹ Job 21:10; plural פָּרוֹת Genesis 32:16 +, פָּרֹת Genesis 41:26; construct פָּרוֹת Amos 4:1;—as gift Genesis 32:16; in Pharaoh’s dream Genesis 41:2, Genesis 41:3^(×2) + 8 times Genesis 41:41; drawing cart I Samuel 6:7, I Samuel 6:12, I Samuel 6:14 + פ׳ עָלוֹת v I Samuel 6:7, I Samuel 6:10 cows giving suck, milch cows; פ׳ calving Job 21:10, grazing Isaiah 11:7; פ׳ אֲדֻמָּה red heifer Numbers 19:2, compare v Numbers 19:5, Numbers 19:6, Numbers 19:9, Numbers 19:10; sim. of stubbornness Hosea 4:16; פָּרוֹת הַבָּשָׁן Amos 4:1, figuratively of luxurious women.

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פָּרָה⁴

n.pr.location in Benj., הַפּ׳ Joshua 18:23, Φαρα, Αφρα.

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פָּרַשׂ

verb spread out, spread (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic فَرَشَ; Targum פְּרַס (rare), Syriac ܦܪܰܣ; compare Assyrian parašu, fly (der. spec.; proposes spread [wings]); see also Noldeke^{ZA i. 417});—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular פ׳ Lamentations 1:10 +; 2nd masculine singular וּפָרַשְׂתָּ֫ Job 11:13; Ruth 3:9, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִפְרשֹׁ Deuteronomy 32:11 +; 3rd feminine singular וַתִּפְרשֹׁ II Samuel 17:19, etc.; participle (בינוני) active פּוֹרֵשׂ Proverbs 29:5, etc.; passive פָּרֻשׂ Joel 2:2; fs. פְּרוּשָׂה Hosea 5:1; plural פְּרֻשׂוֹת I Kings 8:54;—

spread out a garment (שִׂמְלָה) Judges 8:25, + לִפְנֵי person Deuteronomy 22:17;—wings Deuteronomy 32:11; I Kings 6:27 (read כַּנְפֵיהֶם Septuagint Stade Kmp Kittel Benz), + עַל Jeremiah 49:22 (figuratively), + אֶל Jeremiah 48:40 I Kings 8:7 = II Chronicles 5:8 (עַל), + ל Job 39:26, לְמַעְלָה Exodus 25:20; Exodus 37:9; wings om. I Chronicles 28:18 and perhaps II Chronicles 3:13 (del. כַּנְפֵי Be); of י׳, פ׳ עָלָיו אוֹרוֹ Job 36:30; spread out writing, לִפְנֵי person II Kings 19:14 = Isaiah 37:14, Ezekiel 2:10; sail Isaiah 33:23; fishing-net, מִכְמֶרֶת Isaiah 19:8 (עַל location); net (רֶשֶׁת) as snare, figuratively Hosea 5:1 (עַל location), Psalms 140:6, לְרַגְלַי Lamentations 1:13, c. עַל person Hosea 7:12 (of י׳), Ezekiel 12:13 = Ezekiel 17:20, Ezekiel 19:8; Ezekiel 32:3, עַל־פְּעָמָיו Proverbs 29:5; פ׳ כַּפַּיִם in prayer, + אֶל Exodus 9:29,Exodus 9:33, I Kings 8:38 = II Chronicles 6:29, Ezra 9:5; Job 11:13, + ל Psalms 44:21, + הַשָּׁמַיִם I Kings 8:22 = II Chronicles 6:13 (הַשָּׁמָ֑יְמָה), I Kings 8:54, no complem. II Chronicles 6:12; of almsgiving, כַּפָּהּ פָּֽרְשָׂה לֶעָנִי Proverbs 31:20; פ׳ יַד, c. עַל rei, Lamentations 1:10 of enemy’s greed (si vera l., see Budde); spread out = display וּכְסִיל יִפְרשֹׁ אִוֶּלֶת Proverbs 13:16.

spread covering over II Samuel 17:19 (מָסָךְ + עַל־פְּנֵי rei), הַמַּכְבֵּר over (עַל) face of another II Kings 8:15, כָּנָף skirt, עַל person Ruth 3:9 Ezekiel 16:8 (figuratively of י׳); בֶּגֶד c. עַל rei Numbers 4:7,Numbers 4:8,Numbers 4:11,Numbers 4:13, c. מִלְמָ֑עְלָה v Numbers 4:6; כְּסוּי c. עַל rei v Numbers 4:14; אֶת־הָאֹהֶל, c. עַל־הַמִּשְׁכָּן Exodus 40:19; שַׁחַר פָּרֻשׂ עַל־הֶהָרִים Joel 2:2; of י׳, פ׳ עָנָן לְמָסָךְ Psalms 105:39.—Micah 3:3 Lamentations 4:4 see פָּרַס.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יִכָרְ֑שׂזּ Ezekiel 17:21 they shall be scattered לְכָל־רוּחַ; Ezekiel 34:12 read probably participle (בינוני) צֹאן נִפְרָשׂוֹת (for -שׂוֹת, Hä Krae; on emend. of context see especially Toy Krae).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular consec. וּפֵרַשׂ Isaiah 25:11, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְפָרֵשׂ v Isaiah 25:11, 3rd feminine singular תְּפָרֵשׂ Jeremiah 4:31; infinitive (מקור) construct פָּרֵשׂ Psalms 68:15, with suffix פָּרִשְׂכֶם Isaiah 1:15;—

spread out:

with a direct object כַּפַּיִם in prayer Isaiah 1:15; Jeremiah 4:31, so c. יָדַיִם Psalms 143:6 (אֶל־י׳), and of י׳ entreating people Isaiah 65:2 (אֶל); פ׳ צִיּוֹן בְּיָדֶיהָ Lamentations 1:17.

spread out hands as in swimming Isaiah 25:11, and (יָדַיִם om.) v Isaiah 25:11.

= scatter, (?) subj. י׳, with a direct object person Zechariah 2:10 (Septuagint Wellhausen Nowack קִבַּצְתִּי מִן, yet see GASm); Psalms 68:15, in doubtful connexion.

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פַּרְשֵׂז

(Baer, -שֵׁז van d. H. Gi), infinitive (מקור) absolute Piʿlēl (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 56) from פָּרַשׂ (si vera l.), פ׳ עָלָיו עֲנָנוֹ Job 26:9 a spreading his cloud upon it (but Budde Duhm al. read פֹּרֵשׂ, פָּרַשׂ, or פָרשֹׁ).

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פָּרַשׁ

verb make distinct, declare (Mishnaic Hebrew separate oneself, Pi. separate, explain, so Aramaic פְּרַשׁ, especially Pa.; Syriac ܦܪܰܫ separate, distinguish, explain, compare Mand., Noldeke^{M 221});—

infinitive (מקור) construct לִפְרשׁ לָהֶם עַל־פִּי י׳ Leviticus 24:12 to declare distinctly to them.

participle (בינוני) נִפְרָשׁוֹת Ezekiel 34:12 read probably -שׂוֹת, see פרשׂ.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular פֹּרַשׁ Numbers 15:34 what should be done to him had not been distinctly declared; participle (בינוני) מְפֹרָשׁ Nehemiah 8:8 made distinct (compare Biblical Aramaic Ezra 4:18), see BeRy Konig^{Einl. 99}, > interpreted, Ke al., Berliner^{T. Onk.ii. 74}.

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פָּרַשׁ²

verb

pierce, sting (?) (compare Assyrian paruššu, staff (which pierces); Aramaic פרשׁא, ܦܪܳܫܳܐ (in Lexx) ox-goad);—future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַפְרִשׁ Proverbs 23:32 (כְּצִפְעֹנִי, ‖ כְּנָחָשׁ יִשָּׁ֑ךְ), of wine.

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פֶּ֫רֶשׁ

n.pr.m. Manassite I Chronicles 7:16, A SeptuagintL Φαρες.

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פָּרָשׁ

horse, steed (less common synon. of סוּס (> explained away by Schwally^{journal ZAW viii (1888), 191}); Arabic فَرَسٌ horse, mare (often), so Ethiopic ፈረስ, compare Sab. פרס horse, Mordtm^{Him. Inschr. 70});—plural פָּרָשִׁים (erron. for פְּרָשִׁים Konig^{ii, 1, 89}) Ezekiel 27:14 +, with suffix פָּרָשָׁיו Isaiah 28:28 I Samuel 8:11;—steeds Ezekiel 27:14 (+ סוּסִים, פְּרָדִים), from Togarmah; sim. of swiftness Joel 2:4 (‖ סוּסִים); probably also Isaiah 28:28 Jeremiah 46:4 (‖ סוּסִים, compare Gf Gie), and perhaps וְשָׂם לוֹ בְּמֶרְכַבְתּוֹ וּבְפָרָשָׁיו וְרָצוּ וגו׳ I Samuel 8:11 (kg. subj.).

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פָּרָשׁ²

noun (masc.) ^{Nahum 3:3} horseman (that is parrâš, compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 84 b b; Arabic فَارِسٌ; Ethiopic ፈረስ; Aramaic פָּרָשׁ, ܦܰܪܳܫܳܐ );—absolute פ׳ Nahum 3:3 Jeremiah 4:29, also פָּרַשׁ Ezekiel 26:10 (as if construct Konig^{Synt. § 337 s}); plural פָּרָשָׁים Genesis 50:9 +; with suffix פָּרָשָׁיו Exodus 14:9 +;—horseman, usually plural, especially + רֶכֶב chariotry: Egyptian Genesis 50:9, Joshua 24:6, Exodus 14:9,Exodus 14:17,Exodus 14:18,Exodus 14:23,Exodus 14:26,Exodus 14:28 (all P), Exodus 15:19 (song), Isaiah 31:1; II Kings 18:34 = Isaiah 36:9, II Chronicles 12:3 compare II Chronicles 16:8; Philistine I Samuel 13:5; II Samuel 1:6 (del. בַּעֲלֵי Septuagint Wellhausen Driver Budde HPS); Aramæan II Samuel 10:18 (but read probably אִישׁ, compare ‖ I Chronicles 19:18, Wellhausen Driver al.), and (+ אִישׁ רַגְלִי) II Samuel 8:4 = I Chronicles 18:4, compare I Chronicles 19:6; also עַל־סוּס וּפָרָשִׁים I Kings 20:20 (si vera l.); Isr., of Adonijah I Kings 1:5 (+ רֶכֶב, חֲמִשִּׁים אִישׁ רָצִים); Solomon + רֶכֶב I Kings 9:19, I Kings 9:22; I Kings 10:26^(×2) = II Chronicles 8:6, II Chronicles 8:9; II Chronicles 1:14^(×2), probably also I Kings 5:6 (+ סוּסִים לְמֶרְכָּבוֹ) = II Chronicles 9:25 (+ סוּסִים ומֶרְכָּבוֹת); Jehoahaz II Kings 13:7 (+ רַגְלִי); + רֶכֶב, figuratively of Elijah II Kings 2:12, of Elisha II Kings 13:14; + סוּסִים Hosea 1:7; Assyrian Isaiah 22:6, Isaiah 22:7 (+ רֶכֶב), compare Nahum 3:3, פ׳ רֹכְבֵי סוּסִים Ezekiel 23:6, Ezekiel 23:12; Babylonian Habakkuk 1:8^(×2) Jeremiah 4:29 (+ רֹמֵה קֶשֶׁת), Ezekiel 26:7 (+ סוּס, רֶכֶב), v Ezekiel 26:10 (+ גַּלְגַּל וָרֶכֶב), Scythian (Gog) Ezekiel 38:4 (+ סוּסִים); Persian Isaiah 21:7, Isaiah 21:9 (צֶמֶד פ׳), Nehemiah 2:9 Ezra 8:22; of king of north Daniel 11:40 (+ רֶכֶב).

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פַּרְשֶׁ֫גֶן

noun (masc.) copy (loan-word from Persian through Aramaic, see Biblical Aramaic);—construct פ׳ הַנִּשְׁתְּוָן Ezra 7:11, compare פַּתְשֶׁגֶן.

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פַּרְשַׁנְדָּתָא

n.pr.m. a son of Haman Esther 9:7, Φαρσαν και Νεσταιν, Φαρσανεσταν, etc.

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פְּרָת

n.pr. flum. Euphrates, Ευφρατης (Assyrian Purattu Delitzsch^{Pa 169 ff.}, whence OPers. Ufrâtu, Spieg^{APK 211});—the greatest river of W. Asia; פ׳ Genesis 2:14, נְהַר פ׳ Genesis 15:18 (both secondary phrases in J), נְהַר פ׳ also II Samuel 8:3 (Qr, see נָהָר), Jeremiah 46:2, Jeremiah 46:6, Jeremiah 46:10 Deuteronomy 1:7; Deuteronomy 11:24; Joshua 1:4, II Kings 23:29; II Kings 24:7; I Chronicles 5:9; I Chronicles 18:3; נהר om. Jeremiah 13:4, Jeremiah 13:5, Jeremiah 13:6, Jeremiah 13:7 (where Ewald Hitzig Marti, after Schick^{ZPV iii. 11}, think of some other פְּרָת, but Gf Gie and most defend Euphrates), Jeremiah 51:63 II Chronicles 35:20 (compare Genesis 2:14 above); name not certainly attested before D Je; on earlier הַנָּהָר for this river see נ׳.

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פָּשָׂה

verb spread, intrans. (Mishnaic Hebrew פָּסָה the same; Arabic فَشَا (فشو) be divulged, spread, be extensive);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular פ׳ Leviticus 13:5 +, 3rd feminine singular פָּֽשְׂתָה v Leviticus 13:8, פָּשָׂ֑תָה v Leviticus 13:23; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִפְשֶׂה v Leviticus 13:35, 3rd feminine singular תִּפְשֶׂה v Leviticus 13:7 +; infinitive (מקור) absolute פָּשׂה v Leviticus 13:7 +;—only Leviticus 13, Leviticus 14, of leprosy and like eruptions: c. בָּעוֹר, בַּבֶּגֶד, etc., Leviticus 13:5 + 7 times Leviticus 13:13, Leviticus 14:39, Leviticus 14:44, Leviticus 13:48 + בָּעוֹר פָּשׂה יִפְשֶׂה (תִּפ׳) Leviticus 13:7, Leviticus 13:22, Leviticus 13:27, Leviticus 13:35; absolute v Leviticus 13:23, Leviticus 13:32, Leviticus 13:55.

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פָּשַׂק

verb part, open wide (Mishnaic Hebrew פָּסַק, Aramaic פְּסַק, ܦܣܰܩ, all cut, sever, cleave);—

participle (בינוני) פֹּשֵׂק שְׂפָתָיו Proverbs 13:3 that is one talkative.

future (עתיד) 2nd feminine singular וַתְּפַשְּׂקִי אֶת־רַגְלַיִךְ Ezekiel 16:25 (c. ל person; sensu obsc.).

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פַּשְׁחוּר

n.pr.m. Πασχωρ, Φα(δυ)σσουρ, etc.:

Jeremiah 20:1, Jeremiah 20:2, Jeremiah 20:3^(×2), Jeremiah 20:6.

Jeremiah 21:1; Jeremiah 38:1; Nehemiah 11:12, compare I Chronicles 9:12.

Nehemiah 10:4.

father of one Gedaliah Jeremiah 38:1.

head of post-exil. family Ezra 2:8 = Nehemiah 7:40; Ezra 10:22. compare Mey^{Entstehung 169 f.}.

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פָּשַׁט

verb strip off, make a dash, raid (compare Assyrian pašâṭu, expunge, obliterate; Mishnaic Hebrew פָּשַׁט, Aramaic פְּשַׁט, ܦܫܰܛ, are stretch out, extend, make plain, so Arabic بَسَطَ );—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular פ׳ Hosea 7:1 +, 2nd masculine singular וּפָשַׁטְתָּ֫ Judges 9:33, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיִפְשַׁט I Samuel 19:24; 3rd masculine plural יִפְשֹׁ֑טוּ Ezekiel 26:1, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. פְּשֹׁ֫טָה Isaiah 32:11; participle (בינוני) plural פֹּשְׁטִים Nehemiah 4:17;—

strip off, put off, one’s garment (direct object) I Samuel 19:24; Ezekiel 26:16; Ezekiel 44:19; Leviticus 6:4 (opposite לָבַשׁ, Leviticus 16:23 (the same; both P), Nehemiah 4:17; Song of Songs 5:3; direct object om. Isaiah 32:11; of locusts Nahum 3:16 stripping off (sheaths of wings, compare Davidson Driver^{Am 85}).

put off (one’s shelter), that is make a dash (from a sheltered place), c. אֶל Judges 20:37, absolute Judges 9:44; especially of marauding foray, Hosea 7:1, c. עַל against Judges 9:33, Judges 9:44; I Samuel 23:27; I Samuel 30:14 (ins. עַל compare Septuagint Wellhausen Driver al.), Job 1:17, c. אֶל I Samuel 27:8; I Samuel 30:1, c. בְּ I Chronicles 14:9, I Chronicles 14:13; II Chronicles 25:13; II Chronicles 28:18; in I Samuel 27:10 read אָן (for אַל־), Wellhausen Driver al.

infinitive (מקור) construct לְפַשֵּׁט, with a direct object person I Samuel 31:8 to strip the slain = I Chronicles 10:8; absolute only to strip (sc. the slain) II Samuel 23:10 (ins. also ‖ I Chronicles 11:13 Driver).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִפְשִׁיט Job 19:9; 3rd masculine plural with suffix וְהִפְשִׁיטוּךְ Ezekiel 23:26, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיַּפְשֵׁט Numbers 20:28; 1st singular with suffix אַפְשִׁיטֶנָּה Hosea 2:5; 2nd masculine plural תַּפְשִׁט֑וּן Micah 2:8, etc.; imperative (ציווי) הַפְשֵׁט Numbers 20:26; infinitive (מקור) construct הַפְשִׁיט II Chronicles 29:34; participle (בינוני) plural מַפְשִׁיטִים II Chronicles 35:11;—

strip one of garment (2 direct object) Genesis 37:23, Numbers 20:26, Numbers 20:28 (opposite הִלְבִּישׁ), Ezekiel 16:39; Ezekiel 23:26; with a direct object person alone I Chronicles 10:9; Hosea 2:5 strip her (with suffix) naked (עֲרֻמָּה).

strip off, direct object כֵּלָיו I Samuel 31:9, clothing Job 22:6; with a direct object אֶדֶר + מִמּוּל Micah 2:8; with a direct object עוֹר + מֵעַל Micah 3:3, compare (direct object כְּבוֹדִי) Job 19:9.

flay, with a direct object הָעֹלָה Leviticus 1:6; II Chronicles 29:34; direct object om. II Chronicles 35:11.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיִּתְפַּשֵּׁט I Samuel 18:4 he stripped himself of his garment (direct object).

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פָּשַׁע

verb rebel, transgress (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Syriac ܦܫܰܥ is be terrified, ܦܫܺܝܥܳܐ tepid, insipid);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular פ׳ II Kings 3:7 +, 2nd feminine singular פָּשַׁ֫עַתְּ Zephaniah 3:11; פָּשָׁ֑עַתְּ Jeremiah 3:13, etc.; future (עתיד) יִפְשַׁע Proverbs 28:21 + 8 times future (עתיד); imperative (ציווי) mpl. פִּשְׁעוּ Amos 4:4; infinitive (מקור) absolute פָּשֹׁעַ Isaiah 59:13; construct פְּשֹׁעַ Amos 4:4; Ezekiel 10:13; participle (בינוני) פֹּשֵׁעַ Isaiah 48:8; פֹּשְׁעִים Isaiah 1:28 +, etc.;—

rebel, revolt, of nations, c. בְּ against, I Kings 12:19; II Kings 1:1; II Kings 3:5, II Kings 3:7; II Chronicles 10:19; absolute II Kings 8:22, מִתַּחַת יַד v II Kings 8:20, II Kings 8:22 II Chronicles 21:8, II Chronicles 21:10^(×2); פָּֽשְׁעוּ בִי Isaiah 1:2 (Isr. under figuratively of י׳’s sons).

transgress against God, absolute Isaiah 1:28; Isaiah 46:8; Isaiah 48:8; Isaiah 53:12^(×2) Hosea 14:10; Amos 4:4^(×2); Lamentations 3:42 Daniel 8:23 Psalms 37:38; Psalms 51:15, for (עַל) a bit of bread Proverbs 28:21; בַּדָּבָר הַזֶּה Ezra 10:13 in this thing; עַל תּוֹרָתִי Hosea 8:1; elsewhere c. בְּ against God: פ׳ ב׳ Isaiah 43:27; Isaiah 59:13; Isaiah 66:24; Jeremiah 2:8, Jeremiah 2:29; Jeremiah 3:13; Jeremiah 33:8; Ezekiel 2:3; Ezekiel 20:38; Hosea 7:13; פְּשָׁעִים אשׁר פ׳ ב I Kings 8:50; Ezekiel 18:31; עלילות אשׁר פ׳ ב Zephaniah 3:11.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular אָח נִפְשַׁע (van d. H. participle (בינוני) נִפְשָׁע) a brother (who has been) offended Proverbs 18:19, but very dubious, compare Toy.

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פֶּ֫שַׁע

noun (masc.) Psalms 19:14 transgression;—absolute פ׳ Exodus 22:8 +, פָּ֑שַׁע Proverbs 10:19 +; construct פֶּשַׁע Genesis 50:17 +; with suffix פִּשְׁעִי Genesis 31:36 + 14 times sfs.; plural פְּשָׁעִים Proverbs 10:12; construct פִּשְׁעֵי Amos 1:3 +, etc.;—

transgression against individuals Genesis 31:36; Genesis 50:17^(×2); Exodus 22:8, I Samuel 24:12; I Samuel 25:28; Proverbs 10:19; Proverbs 17:19; Proverbs 28:24; Proverbs 29:6, Proverbs 29:16, Proverbs 29:22; פ׳ שְׂפָתַיִם Proverbs 12:13; על כל־פשׁעים תְּכַסֶּה אַהֲבָה Proverbs 10:12, compare Proverbs 17:9; Proverbs 19:11; Proverbs 28:13.

of nation, against nation: Amos 1:3, Amos 1:6, Amos 1:9, Amos 1:11, Amos 1:13; Amos 2:1; of land Proverbs 28:2. Elsewh.

against God:

in generally, ‖ חטאת Isaiah 58:1; Isaiah 59:12; Micah 1:5^(×2), Micah 1:13; Micah 3:8 Amos 5:12; ‖ עון Ezekiel 21:29 Psalms 107:17; עשׂה פ׳ Ezekiel 18:22, Ezekiel 18:28; ביום פ׳ Ezekiel 33:12; רַבּוּ פ׳ Isaiah 59:12; Job 35:6; Jeremiah 5:6 (?); יֹסִיף על חטאתו פ׳ Job 34:37 he addeth transgression unto his sin; יִלְדֵי פ׳ Isaiah 57:4; personified as evil spirit, נאם פשׁע Psalms 36:2.

as recognized by by sinner; he knows it Psalms 51:5, make known concerning it to י׳ Psalms 32:5, does not cover it (כסה) Job 31:33; turns from it Isaiah 59:20 Ezekiel 18:30; casts it away from him Ezekiel 18:31.

God deals with it: by visiting it (פקד) Amos 3:14 Psalms 89:33, dealing with one according to it, עשׂה כ Ezekiel 39:24, making it known to sinner Job 13:23; Job 36:9; punishing in various ways: מִפּ׳ because of it Isaiah 53:5, Isaiah 53:8; c. על, according to it Amos 2:4, Amos 2:6 Lamentations 1:5, Lamentations 1:22; for it, c. ב Isaiah 50:1; עֹל פ׳ Lamentations 1:14 yoke of transgression; personified, וַיְשַׁלְּחֵם בְּיַד פ׳ Job 8:4; he does not grant forgiveness to it, לֹא נשׂא ל׳ Exodus 23:21 Joshua 24:19.

God forgives (נשׂא) it Exodus 34:7 Numbers 14:18, Job 7:21, compare Psalms 32:1; pardons (סלח) I Kings 8:50; passes over (עבר על, compare Proverbs 19:11) Micah 7:18; removes (הרחיק) Psalms 103:12; covers over (כפר) Psalms 65:4;—compare (of priest) וְכִפֶּר עַל־הַקֹּדֶשׁ מִפ׳ Leviticus 16:16, and confession of פ׳ over (על) goat v Leviticus 16:21;—God blots out (מחה) Isaiah 43:25; Isaiah 44:22 Psalms 51:3; וּפ׳ אַל־תִּזְכֹּר Psalms 25:7; delivers from, הציל מן Psalms 39:9.—Job 35:15 read פֶּשַׁע for פַשׁ q.see

guilt of transgression (compare עון 2), בְּלִי פ׳ without (guilt of) transgression Job 33:9; Job 34:6; לא פ׳ Psalms 59:4; פ׳ עלינו Ezekiel 33:10; כבד עליה פ׳ Isaiah 24:20; בְּרֹב פ׳ Psalms 5:11; נקיתי מפ׳ Psalms 19:14; יִטַּמְּאוּ בְּכָל־פ׳ defile themselves with all (the guilt of) their transgressions Ezekiel 14:11; Ezekiel 37:23; חָתֻם בִּצְרוֹר פ׳ Job 14:17.

punishment for transgression, Daniel 8:12, Daniel 8:13; Daniel 9:24, compare עון 3.

offering for transgression, האתן בכורי פשׁעי Micah 6:7 shall I give my first-born as an offering for my transgression (compare חטאת 4).

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פֵּ֫שֶׁר

n.[m.] solution, interpretation (loan-word from Aramaic פִּשְׁרָא);—construct פ׳ Ecclesiastes 8:1.

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פַּת

see פתת.

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פִּתְאֹם

see פֶּתַע.

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פִּתְגָּם

noun (masc.) edict, decree (Pers. loan-wd., OPers. patigâma, word, command, Biblical Aramaic = Biblical Hebrew);—construct פ׳ הַמֶּלֶךְ Esther 1:20; c. genit. obj. פ׳ מַעֲשֵׂה הָרָעָה Ecclesiastes 8:11 (appar. f., compare De; but Hitzig Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 115} read נַעֲשֶׂה for נַעֲשָׂה).

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פָּתָה

verb be spacious, wide, open (Aramaic פְּתָא be spacious, ܦܬܳܐ be spacious, abundant; compare Arabic فَتُوَ, فَتِىَ, be youthful, in prime of life, فَتًى young man, one in prime of life (development of various meanings from √ not wholly clear, compare Noldeke^{ZMG xi (1886). 735}));—

participle (בינוני) פֹּתֶה Proverbs 20:19 poss. one open as to lips, but see פָּתָה denom. below

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular juss. יַפְתְּ א׳ לְיֶפֶת Genesis 9:27 may God make wide for Japhet (give him an extensive inheritance).—past (עבר) poss. Proverbs 24:28 (reading וְהִפְתִּיתָ בִּשְׂפָתֶ֑יךָ; make wide with (open wide) thy lips, for Masoretic Text וַהֲפִתִּיתָ בִּשׂ׳, so Siegfried-Stade; but compare פָּתָה denom. Pi.).

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פֶּ֫תִי

[for פָּתַי Lagarde^{BN 52} Barth^{ZMG xiii (1888), 353; NB 320}] adjective simple, poss. as open-minded;—פֶּ֫תִי Proverbs 9:4 +, פֶּ֑תִי Psalms 19:8 +; plural פְּתָאיִם (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § ^{93 x}) Psalms 116:6 + 6 times Pr; פְּתָיִים Psalms 119:130 Proverbs 22:3; פְּתָיִם Proverbs 1:22, Proverbs 1:32;—simple, as noun concr.: open to the instruction of wisdom or folly, Proverbs 9:4, Proverbs 9:16; believing every word Proverbs 14:15; lacking עָרְמָה Proverbs 1:4; Proverbs 8:5; Proverbs 19:25; needing בין Psalms 119:130, חכמה Psalms 19:8 Proverbs 21:11; in good sense, שׁנר פתאים י׳ Psalms 116:6 י׳ preserveth the simple-minded; but usually tendency to bad sense; פתאים love פתי Proverbs 1:22; inherit אִוֶּלֶת Proverbs 14:18, are easily enticed, misled and go back Proverbs 1:32; Proverbs 7:7; Proverbs 9:6; Proverbs 22:3 = Proverbs 27:12; causing temple to need atonement Ezekiel 45:20 (‖ שׁגה).

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פְּתַיּוּת

noun (fem.) the same Proverbs 9:13 (Toy conjunction מְפַּתָּה).

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פָּתָה²

verb denom. be simple (Mishnaic Hebrew Pi. entice);—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִפְתֶּה Deuteronomy 11:16; וַיִּפְתְּ Job 31:27; participle (בינוני) פֹּתֶה Job 5:2 Proverbs 20:19; f. פּוֹתֶה Hosea 7:11;—

be open-minded(?), simple Job 5:2; יוֹנָה פוֹתָה Hosea 7:11 silly dove; פֹּתֶה שְׂפָתָיו Proverbs 20:19 one foolish as to his lips (most, openeth wide his lips).

be enticed deceived Deuteronomy 11:16 Job 31:27.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִפְתָּה Job 31:9; future (עתיד) 1st singular וָאֶפָּת Jeremiah 20:7;—be deceived Jeremiah 20:7; c. עַל enticed unto Job 31:9.

past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular פִּתִּיתָ Proverbs 24:28; with suffix פִּתִּיתַנִי Jeremiah 20:7; 1st singular פִּתֵּיתִי Ezekiel 14:9; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְפַתֶּה Exodus 22:15 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) פַּתִּי Judges 14:15; Judges 16:5; infinitive (מקור) construct with suffix פַּתֹּתְךָ II Samuel 3:25; participle (בינוני) with suffix מְפַתֶּיהָ (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 93 ss) Hosea 2:15;—

persuade, woman Hosea 2:16 (figuratively, י׳ subj.), seduce, virgin Exodus 22:15; entice, husband Judges 14:15; Judges 16:5; a man to sin Proverbs 1:10; Proverbs 16:29.

deceive, II Samuel 3:25 Proverbs 24:28 (yet compare √ Hiph. above); subj. י׳, obj. proph., Jeremiah 20:7; Ezekiel 14:9, compare I Kings 22:20, I Kings 22:21, I Kings 22:22 = II Chronicles 18:19, II Chronicles 18:20, II Chronicles 18:21; obj. י׳, Psalms 78:36.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְפֻתֶּה:

be persuaded, Proverbs 25:15.

be deceived, Jeremiah 20:7, Jeremiah 20:10 be beguiled by י׳, Ezekiel 14:9.

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פְּתוּאֵל

n.pr.m. father of prophet Joel Joel 1:1 (Septuagint Βαθουηλ, that is בְּתוּאֵל).

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פָּתַח

verb open (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Phoenician פתח; Assyrian pitû, patû; Sab. פתח Os^{ZMG xix (1865), 197}; Arabic فَتَحَ; Ethiopic ፈትሐ;; Aramaic פְּתַח, ܦܬܰܚ; Nab. Palmyrene פתח);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular פ׳ II Kings 15:16 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִפְתַּח Exodus 21:33 +; 3rd masculine plural with suffix יִפְתָּחוּם Nehemiah 13:19, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. פְּתַח II Kings 13:17 +; fs. פִּתְחִי Song of Songs 5:2; mpl. פִּתְחוּ Joshua 10:22 +; infinitive (מקור) absolute פָּתֹחַ Deuteronomy 15:8 +; construct לִפְתֹּחַ Ezekiel 21:27 +; participle (בינוני) active פֹּתֵחַ Judges 3:25 +; passive פָּתוּחַ Jeremiah 5:16 +, etc.;—open sack, שַׂק, Genesis 42:27, אַמְתַּחַת Genesis 43:21; Genesis 44:11, skin-bottle (נאוד) Judges 4:19, hamper (תֵּבָה) Exodus 2:6, pit (בּוֹר) Exodus 21:33 (E; that is uncover it), mouth (פִּי) of cave Joshua 10:22, grave Ezekiel 37:12, Ezekiel 37:13 (to bring forth dead), compare (in figuratively) Jeremiah 5:16 Psalms 5:10; כְּלִי פָתוּחַ Numbers 19:15 open vessel; door (דֶּלֶת; sometimes opposite סָגַר) Judges 3:25 + v Judges 3:25 (obj. om.), Judges 19:27; I Samuel 3:15; II Kings 9:3; II Kings 9:10; II Chronicles 29:3; Job 31:32; (c. ל person); figuratively of Leb. Zechariah 11:1; דַּלְתֵי שָׁמָיִם Psalms 78:33 (of י׳, sending rain); ד׳ = city-gates Nehemiah 13:19; Isaiah 45:1; (‖ שְׁעָרִים; י׳ subj., c. לִפְנֵי); ד׳ om. Song of Songs 5:2, Song of Songs 5:5, Song of Songs 5:6; gate (שַׁעַר), of land Nahum 3:13; (infinitive (מקור) absolute + future (עתיד) Niph. q.see), compare Ezekiel 25:9; שַׁעַר of temple (-court) Ezekiel 46:12 (c. ל person), Psalms 118:19 (the same), city Isaiah 26:2; obj. om. Deuteronomy 20:11; II Kings 15:16; window, חַלּוֹן II Kings 13:17^(×2); אֲרֻבּוֹת הַשָּׁמַיִם (by י׳ sending rain) Genesis 8:6; Malachi 3:10; city Jeremiah 13:19, עִיר פְּתוּחָה Joshua 8:17; absolute פ׳ וְלֹא סגר Isaiah 22:22^(×2);—Isaiah 14:17 is dubious, Gratz Perles^{Anal. 28. 42} Kittel (in Dillmann) read לַאֲסִירָיו לֹא־פ׳ בֵּית־הַכֶּלֶא; > Budde Cheyne Marti אֲסִירָיו לֹא פִּתַּח אִישׁ לִבֵיתוֹ; storehouse, armoury Genesis 41:56; Jeremiah 50:25 (of י׳), Jeremiah 50:26 (for destruction), figuratively of sky, for rain Deuteronomy 28:12; (c. ל person; of י׳), compare open בָּ֑ר, expose for sale, Amos 8:5; open womb, that is grant offspring Genesis 29:31; Genesis 30:22; open mouth (פֶּה) to cry, speak Ezekiel 21:27; Job 3:1; Daniel 10:16, hence = speak Isaiah 53:7^(×2); Job 33:2; Psalms 39:10; Psalms 78:2 (בְּמָשָׁל), Psalms 109:2 (c. עַל person), Proverbs 24:7; Proverbs 31:8 (c. ל person), v Proverbs 31:9, Proverbs 31:26 (בְּחָכְמָה); Psalms 49:5 either utter, declare, propound riddle, or open up, expound; have power of speech Psalms 38:14; of י׳ giving power of (prophetic) speech Ezekiel 3:27; Ezekiel 33:22, giving speech to ass Numbers 22:28; open mouth, to eat Ezekiel 3:2, of earth, to swallow up, Numbers 16:32; Numbers 26:10, compare (פֶּה om.) Psalms 106:17; open lips, to speak Job 11:5 (c. עִם person), Job 32:20 (Gi v Job 32:21); of י׳ opening man’s lips Psalms 51:17, man’s ear Isaiah 50:5 (Assyrian uznâ puttû); of eyes only pt. passive, c. אֶל I Kings 8:29 = II Chronicles 6:20; I Kings 8:52; Nehemiah 1:6; c. לְ II Chronicles 6:40 (by zeugma), II Chronicles 7:15 (all of י׳’s favour); open hand, in giving Deuteronomy 15:8, Deuteronomy 15:11 (c. ל person, + inf. absolute), of י׳ Psalms 104:28; Psalms 145:16; book Nehemiah 8:5^(×2), letter Nehemiah 6:5; open river (channel) Isaiah 41:18 (of י׳), rock, letting out water, Psalms 105:41 (the same); open sword, = draw it Ezekiel 21:33 Psalms 37:14; of root שָׁרְשִׁי פָתוּחַ אֱלֵי־מָ֑יִם Job 29:19, that is with no obstacle intervening.—תִּפְתַּח אֶרֶץ Isaiah 45:8 is doubtful; verb not elsewhere intrans.; Duhm Cheyne^Haupt Marti proposes רַחְמָהּ as obj.; Gratz Kittel (in Dillmann) read תִּפָּתַח.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִפְתַּח Isaiah 5:27, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִפָּתָח Ezekiel 24:27, יִפָּתֵ֑חַ Ezekiel 44:2 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct הִפָּתֵחַ Isaiah 51:14; participle (בינוני) נִפְתָּח Zechariah 13:1;—be opened, of girdle Isaiah 5:27 (that is loosened), compare of captive Isaiah 51:14, and, of calamity, Jeremiah 1:14 be let loose (c. עַל person); gates Nahum 2:7; Nahum 3:13 (of land, thrown open to (ל) enemy), Ezekiel 44:2; Ezekiel 46:1⁽×2⁾ Nehemiah 7:3; impers. of man shut in by God Job 12:14; of windows of heaven Genesis 7:11, compare Isaiah 24:13 (of future destruction); the heavens themselves Ezekiel 1:1 (for visions); fountain Zechariah 13:1; wine(-skin, c. neg.) Job 32:19; mouth, in speech Ezekiel 24:27; Ezekiel 33:22; ears Isaiah 35:5.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular פִּתַּח Job 30:11 +, פִּתֵּ֑חַ Job 12:18 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְפַתַּח Isaiah 28:24, 1st singular אֲפַתֵּחַ Isaiah 45:1, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute פַּתֵּחַ Isaiah 58:6; construct, the same Psalms 102:21; participle (בינוני) מְפַתֵּ֑חַ I Kings 20:11;—loose:

free, that is ungird, camels Genesis 24:32: loins of kings Isaiah 45:1 (that is disarm them); set free, c. with suffix person Psalms 105:20, Jeremiah 40:4 (c. מִן); with a direct object בְּנֵי תְמוּתָה Psalms 102:21.

loosen (and remove) sack-cloth Isaiah 20:2 (c. מֵעַל), Psalms 30:12; armour I Kings 20:11 (obj. om.; opposite חָגַר); bonds Job 12:18 Psalms 116:16, compare Isaiah 58:6 Job 39:5; cord Job 30:11; Job 38:31; loosen ground Isaiah 28:24 (in tillage); compare Vogelst^{Landwirthschaft 33}, Assyrian puttû).

open gates Isaiah 60:11; doors Job 41:6 (figuratively of crocodile’s jaws); ear Isaiah 48:8 (read probably either פִּתַּחְתִּי, פָּתַחְתִּי [Septuagint Duhm Marti], or נִפְתְּחָה [Gratz Cheyne Kittel in Dillmann]; buds Song of Songs 7:13 (of blossom; obj. om.; or intrans., as sometimes Arabic فَتَّحَ, see Dozy).

imperative (ציווי) mpl. התפתחו Isaiah 52:2 Kt < Qr fs. הִתְפַּתְּחִי (so Septuagint; of personif. Jerus.) loosen thee (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 54 f) the fetters of thy neck.

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פֶּ֫תַח

noun (masc.) Ezekiel 8:8 (f. II Samuel 17:9 but Wellhausen reads אַחַד for אַחַת, and so Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 86}) opening, doorway, entrance;—absolute פ׳ Genesis 4:7 +, פָּ֑תַח Genesis 19:11 +, הַפֶּ֫תְחָה v Genesis 19:6; construct פֶּתַח Genesis 18:1 +; with suffix פִּתְחוֹ Proverbs 17:19, פִּתְחָהּ Ezekiel 40:38; plural פְּתָחִים I Kings 7:5; Proverbs 8:3; construct פִּתְחֵי Psalms 24:7 +; with suffix פְּתָחָ֑י Proverbs 8:34, etc.;—doorway of nomad’s tent, פ׳ הָאֹהֶל Genesis 18:1, Genesis 18:2, Genesis 18:10; Exodus 33:8, Exodus 33:10; Numbers 11:10; Numbers 16:27; Judges 4:20, compare (without הָאֹהֶל) Genesis 4:7 (in figuratively), Job 31:9, Job 31:34; of sacred tent, פ׳ הָאֹהֶל Exodus 33:9, Exodus 33:10; Exodus 26:36; Exodus 36:37; Exodus 39:38; Numbers 12:5; Deuteronomy 31:15, usually פ׳ אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד Exodus 29:4 + 6 times Ex + Exodus 40:6, Exodus 40:29 (פ׳ מִשְׁכַּן אֹהֶל מ׳), Leviticus 1:3 + 22 times Lv, Numbers 3:25 + 11 times Nu, Joshua 19:51; I Samuel 2:22; compare I Chronicles 9:21; פ׳ הַמִּשְׁכָּן Exodus 35:15; compare Exodus 40:5, Exodus 40:28 (all P); of court Numbers 3:26 compare Numbers 4:26 and (of temple) Ezekiel 8:7; doorway of (private) house Genesis 19:6, Genesis 19:11^(×2) + 22 times, compare Song of Songs 7:14; in Proverbs 17:19 Frankenb Toy read פִּיו for פִּתְחוֹ; of temple I Kings 6:33; Ezekiel 8:16, so פ׳ הַבַּית Ezekiel 47:1; II Chronicles 4:22; פֵ׳ הַדְּבִיר I Kings 6:31, פ׳ הַצֵלָע v I Kings 6:8 Ezekiel 41:11 compare v Ezekiel 41:11^(×2); plural I Kings 7:5; various doorways in Ezek.’s temple Ezekiel 40:13^(×2) + 13 times Ezekiel 40:40-42 (see also below); doorway of ark Genesis 6:16; of tower Judges 9:52; in wall Ezekiel 8:8; opening (mouth) of cave I Kings 19:13; פ׳ הַשַּׁעַר opening, that is doorway, of gate Ezekiel 40:11; of city פ׳ שַׁעַר הָעִיר, that is the outer aperture of the gate Joshua 8:29; Joshua 20:4; Judges 9:35, Judges 9:44; Jeremiah 1:15 (plural), compare Jeremiah 19:2; I Kings 22:10 = II Chronicles 18:9; II Kings 23:8; Proverbs 1:21; so פ׳ הַשַּׁעַר Judges 9:40; II Samuel 10:8; II Samuel 11:23; II Kings 7:3; II Kings 10:3, and (of farm or village) Judges 18:16, Judges 18:17; so פ׳ הָעִיר I Kings 17:10; I Chronicles 19:6 (= II Samuel 10:8 above), compare Genesis 38:14; plural of city gates themselves (poet.) Isaiah 3:26 (personif.), פ׳ נְדִיבִים Isaiah 13:2; פִּתְחֵי עוֹלָם Psalms 24:7, Psalms 24:9 (‖ שְׁעָרִים); compare figuratively שְׁמֹר פִּתְחֵי־פִיךָ Micah 7:5; also פ׳ שַׁעַר בֵּית י׳ Jeremiah 36:10; Ezekiel 8:14; Ezekiel 10:19 compare Ezekiel 8:3; Ezekiel 11:1; Ezekiel 40:4; Ezekiel 46:3, פ׳ שׁ׳ י׳ Jeremiah 26:10; פְּתָחֶיהָ Micah 5:6 of entrances to a country; figuratively פ׳ תִּקְוָה Hosea 2:17 doorway of hope.

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פֵּ֫תַח

noun (masc.) opening, unfolding;—construct פ׳ דְּבָרֶיךָ יָאִיר Psalms 119:130, so Septuagint and most; > Symm Jer Bae פֶּתַח (=thy words as a doorway).

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פִּתְחוֹן

n.[m.] opening;—construct פִּתְחוֹן פֶּה opening of mouth in speech or song Ezekiel 16:63; Ezekiel 29:21.

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פְּתַחְיָה

n.pr.m.

priest I Chronicles 24:16, Εζεκηλ, Φεθεια, etc.

Levite Ezra 10:23; Nehemiah 9:5, Φαθαια, Φεθεια(ς), etc.

Judahite Nehemiah 11:24, Παθαια, Φαθαια.

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פֶּ֫תִי²

see sub פתה.

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פָּתַח²

verb

engrave (Mishnaic Hebrew Pi. the same, פִּתּוּחַ = Biblical Hebrew, and so Targum; Assyrian patâḫu, bore, penetrate; compare perhaps Arabic فَتَخَةٌ, فَتْخَةٌ ring (compare Frä ²⁵²));—past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular פִּתַּח II Chronicles 3:7, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיְפַתַּח I Kings 7:36; 2nd masculine singular תְּפַתַּח Exodus 28:11; infinitive (מקור) construct לְפַתֵּחַ II Chronicles 2:6, II Chronicles 2:13; participle (בינוני) מְפַתֵּחַ Zechariah 3:9;—engrave, with a direct object + עַל, on metal I Kings 7:36 II Chronicles 3:7; Exodus 28:36 (direct object cogn. פִּתּוּחֵי חוֹתָם), on stone v Exodus 28:9; with a direct object אֶבֶן + direct object cogn. v Exodus 28:11 (all P); with a direct object cogn. only, Zechariah 3:9 (on stone), and, in generally, II Chronicles 2:6, II Chronicles 2:13.

participle (בינוני) fpl. מְפֻתָּחֹת פִּתּוּחֵי חוֹתָם Exodus 39:6 stones engraved with the engravings of a signet.

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פִּתּוּחַ

noun (masc.) engraving;—absolute פ׳ II Chronicles 2:13; with suffix פִּתֻּחָהּ Zechariah 3:9; elsewhere plural פִּתּוּחִים II Chronicles 2:6, etc.;—on (wood overlaid with) metal, פִּתּוּחֵי מִקְלְעוֹת כְּרוּבִים I Kings 6:29 (see v I Kings 6:21, I Kings 6:22), in temple, so Psalms 74:6; on stone Zechariah 3:9, especially פִּתּוּחֵי חֹתָם Exodus 28:11, Exodus 28:21, Exodus 28:36; Exodus 39:6, Exodus 39:14, Exodus 39:30; in generally II Chronicles 2:6, II Chronicles 2:13.

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פְּתִיגִיל

n.[m.] rich robe (?) (probably foreign word);—פ׳ absolute Isaiah 3:24, Septuagint Χιτὼν μεσοπόρφυρος, Vulgate fascia pectoralis.

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פָּתִיל

noun (masc.)Judges 16:9 cord, thread (twisted);—absolute פ׳ Numbers 19:15; construct פְּתִיל Judges 16:9 +; with suffix פְּתִילֶךָ֑ Genesis 38:18; plural פְּתִילִים v Genesis 38:25, פְּתִילִם Exodus 39:3;—cord (from which seal was hung) Genesis 38:18, Genesis 38:25, פ׳ נְעֹרֶת Judges 16:9 (sim.), פ׳ פִּשְׁתִּים Ezekiel 40:3 (as measuring line); פ׳ תְּכֵלֶת, for fastening, Exodus 28:28, Exodus 28:37; Exodus 39:21, Exodus 39:31; Numbers 15:38, compare פָּתִיל alone Numbers 19:15 (perhaps gloss, see Dillmann); threads (of gold) in ephold Exodus 39:3 (all P).

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פִּתֹם

n.pr.location Pithom, Π(ε)ιθω, A Πιθωμ (Egyptian Patum, Per-Atum, house of (god) Atum) one of the עָרֵי מִסְכְּנוֹת built by Isr. for Pharaoh Exodus 1:11; identif. by Naville with Tel el-Maskhûta, near E. end of Wady Tumilat, Naville ^{Pithom, 1885} Dillmann-Ry^{ad location} Dillmann^{SBAk, 1885, 889 ff.} Bäd^{Egypt (4), 159}.

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פֶּ֫תֶן

noun (masc.) Psalms 58:5 a venomous serpent, perhaps cobra (פתן Ben Sira 39:30; Aramaic פִּתְנָא, ܦܰܬܳܢܳܐ, whence perhaps Arabic بَثَنٌ );—only poet.: plural רֹאשׁ פְּתָנִים Deuteronomy 32:33 (‖ חֲמַת תַּנִּינִם), Job 20:16, מְרוֹרַת פ׳ v Job 20:14; singular פֶּ֫תֶן Psalms 91:13 (‖ תַּנִּין), פ׳ חֵרֵשׁ Psalms 58:5, חֻר פָּ֑תֶן Isaiah 11:8.

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פֶּ֫תַע

noun suddenness (√ unknown: compare Assyrian ina pitti, ina pittimma, in suddenness, instantly, Delitzsch^{HWB 553}):—Numbers 35:22 וְאִם־בְּפֶתַע … הֲדָפוֹ if he have thrust him in suddenness, before he is aware what he has done (that is accidentally); + פִּתְאֹם Numbers 6:9, וכי ימות מת עליו בפתע פתאם that is very suddenly; לְפֶתַע according to (לְ, p. 516b) suddenness, Isaiah 29:5 והיה לפתע פתאם = at an instant, suddenly, Isaiah 30:13 אשׁר פתאם לפתע יבוא שִׁבְרָהּ. As adverb direct object, suddenly, Proverbs 6:15 (= Proverbs 29:1) פֶּתַע יִשָּׁבֵר, Habakkuk 2:7.

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פִּתְאֹם²

once Psalms 64:8 (see Baer) פִּתְאוֹם noun suddenness, usually as adverbdirect object suddenly (from פֶּתַע, with the term. -ם (compare שִׁלְשֹׁם), and with ע weakened to א: Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 295 Konig^{ii. 255 f.} Barth^{NB § 216 b});—Numbers 12:4 ויאמר י׳ פ׳ אל־משׁה, Joshua 10:9; Joshua 11:7; especially of calamity, invasion, etc., coming suddenly, Isaiah 47:11; Isaiah 48:3; Jeremiah 4:20 פ׳ שֻׁדְּדוּ אֹהָלַי, Jeremiah 6:26; Jeremiah 15:8; Jeremiah 18:22; Jeremiah 51:8 Psalms 64:5 פ׳ יֹרֻהוּ וְלֹא יִירָ֑אוּ, v Psalms 64:8 Job 5:3; Job 9:23; Ecclesiastes 9:12; Proverbs 6:15; Proverbs 24:22; also Proverbs 7:22; Malachi 3:1; thrice with פֶּתַע (q.see). As a generally †Proverbs 3:25 אל־תירא מִפַּחַד פ׳ of the terror of suddenness, that is the sudden terror, Job 22:10; and with בְּ, in suddenness, †II Chronicles 29:36 בפ׳ היה הדבר.

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פָּתַר

verb interpret (dream), only Genesis 40, Genesis 41 (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, J.Aramaic פְּתַר; appar. =Aramaic פְּשַׁר, ܦܫܰܪ, dissolve, figuratively solve, interpret, compare פֵּשֶׁר);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular פָּתַר, c. ל person Genesis 40:22; Genesis 41:13; absolute פָּתָ֑ר Genesis 40:16; Genesis 41:12; with a direct object rei: future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיִּפְתָּר־לָנוּ Genesis 41:12; infinitive (מקור) construct לִפְתֹּר Genesis 41:15; participle (בינוני) active פֹּתֵר Genesis 40:8; Genesis 41:15, פּוֹי Genesis 41:8.

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פַּתְרוֹס

n.pr.terr. = Upper Egypt, Παθουρης, Φαθουρης, etc. (Egyptian p(ĕ)-tĕ-res, south land, in Assyrian Paturisi, Erman^{journal ZAW x (1890), 118 f.} Steind^{BAS i. 344} WMM^{Hastings DB}; also (on Assyrian) Schr ^{KGF 283 f.} Delitzsch^{Pa 310});—always in connexion with מִצְרַיִם, etc.: Isaiah 11:11; Jeremiah 44:15; Ezekiel 30:14, אֶרֶץ פ׳ Jeremiah 44:1; Ezekiel 29:14; מִפַּתְרֹס proposes also Psalms 68:31 (for מִתְרַפֵּס) Ne^{JBL x (1891), 152} (plausibly), compare Cheyne ^{ib. xi (1892), 125} Kau^{ψψ crit. n.}.

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פַּתְרֻסִים

adjectivegent.plural of foregoing, as noun Genesis 10:14 = I Chronicles 1:12.

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פַּתְשֶׁ֫גֶן

noun (masc.) copy (= פַּרְשֶׁגֶן q.see);—construct פּ׳ (הַ)כְּתָב Esther 3:14; Esther 4:8; Esther 8:13.

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פָּתַת

verb break up, crumble (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic فَتَّ; Ethiopic ፈተተ:; Syriac ܦܰܬ );—

infinitive (מקור) absolute of bread of מִנְחָה: פָּתוֹת אֹתָהּ פִּתִּים Leviticus 2:6.

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פַּת²

noun (fem.) ^{Proverbs 17:1} fragment, bit, morsel of bread;—absolute פ׳ חֲרֵבָה Proverbs 17:1 a dry morsel; construct פַּת־לָחֶם Genesis 18:5; Judges 19:5; I Samuel 2:36; I Samuel 28:22; I Kings 17:11; Proverbs 28:21; with suffix פִּתִּי Job 31:17, פִּתְּךָ Proverbs 23:8, פִּתֵּךְ Ruth 2:14, פִּתּוֹ II Samuel 12:3; plural פִּתִּים Leviticus 2:6; Leviticus 6:14; in sim. Psalms 147:17.

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BDB — פ (250)