BDB — ל (133)

except Daniel 2:11; Daniel 3:28; Daniel 6:6, Daniel 6:8, Daniel 6:13.

but (Germ. sondern) Daniel 2:30.

verbs of looking, listening, attending, waiting, etc., as האמין, התחֹלל, יחל, הוחיל, נככף, כלה (Psalms 84:3 +), הטה אזן, לב (שׁת, הכין, נטה) נתן, קִיָּה, הקשׁיב, שׁמע (sometimes), צמא to thirst for (Exodus 17:3 Psalms 42:3), השׁתחוה (to Genesis 37:10, towards Psalms 99:5); sometimes also with האזין, הביט, נִבַּט, ראה, נפשׁ, נשׂא (see these verbs; many are also construed with other preps.); Isaiah 51:6 Psalms 44:21; pregn. Isaiah 38:14; השׁתאה ל †Genesis 24:21, החרישׁ ל Numbers 30:5, Numbers 30:8: sometimes without a verb, as Judges 5:9 לִבִּי לְ, Jeremiah 5:3 עיניך ל, Psalms 33:18 (‖ אל), Psalms 39:8 תוחלתי לך היא, Psalms 120:7 המה למלחמה, Psalms 130:6 נפשׁי לאדני (compare Isaiah 26:8), Psalms 143:6 Daniel 11:27 II Chronicles 3:13; II Chronicles 32:2.

with verbs of saying, calling, singing, vowing, sacrificing, etc., as אמר, דבר (chiefly with God as subj. = promise, Genesis 24:7 I Kings 5:26 +, especially in D כאשׁר דבר לְ Deuteronomy 1:11 (see Driver), v Deuteronomy 1:21 etc.; with human subj. Genesis 49:28 Judges 14:7 I Kings 2:19 al. (GieI Kings 2:42: דבר אל is more common), זבח, זמּר, הודה, הגיד, נדר, נשׂא יד (in oath) Ezekiel 20:5, Ezekiel 20:6, Ezekiel 20:23 Psalms 106:26, קִטֵּר, הריע, נשׁבע, שָׁר etc.

with vbs. of giving, leaving, bringing, offering etc., as הביא, הִפִּיל allot (Joshua 13:6), נתן, הסגור, עזב Psalms 16:9 abandon to Sheol, Isaiah 18:6, הקריב Leviticus 17:4, שׁוב = to be returned Deuteronomy 28:31, השׁיב = bring back Deuteronomy 22:1, = requite II Samuel 16:12, שִׁלַּח, etc.

with vbs. of dealing, acting towards (whether with friendly or hostile intent), as עשׂה ל Genesis 19:8 + often, גמל ל Isaiah 3:9; so with הֵייטִב, הֵרַע, הֵמַר, חָטָא to sin against (Genesis 20:9 +), אָשָׁם to be guilty towards (Leviticus 5:19), שִׁקֵּר, כִּחֵשׁ to lie to, כִּזֵּב; with vbs. of mocking or laughing, against, at, as לעג לְ Psalms 2:4, שׂחק לְ Psalms 37:13, שׂמח לְ to rejoice over Psalms 35:19 Ezekiel 35:15, caus. שִׂמַּח לְ Psalms 30:2, עלץ לְ † Psalms 25:2: with other verbs denoting hostility (less common than ב or על), Genesis 27:42 מתנחם לך להרגך, II Kings 5:7, Exodus 11:7 (so Joshua 10:21: compare Job 16:9), Jeremiah 25:31; Jeremiah 50:9 Psalms 7:14; Psalms 37:12; Psalms 56:3; Psalms 106:16 קנא לְ (usually in good sense, 5 g c) Job 20:27; Job 34:37. And with adjective, as Psalms 73:1 טוב ל good to, Genesis 13:13 רָעִים וְחַטָּאִים לי׳ towards י׳, II Samuel 22:24 תָּמִים לוֹ (‖ Psalms 18:24 עִמּוֹ), Psalms 89:29 נֶאֱמֶנֶת לוֹ; with noun (rare) Exodus 32:12; Lamentations 3:60 (syn. v Lamentations 3:61 על).

with words denoting what is pleasurable or the reverse, as נעם לְ II Samuel 1:26, ערב ל Hosea 9:4, יֵמַר לְ Isaiah 24:7, טוֹב לְ (adjective) I Samuel 1:8, נָקֵל לְ II Kings 20:10, also הועיל ל, סכן ל, to be profitable to; and with neuter vbs., to denote the subj. of a sensation or emotion, as טוֹב לְ to be well to (with), Deuteronomy 5:27; Deuteronomy 19:13 +, מַר לְ Ruth 1:13, צַר לְ I Samuel 13:6 + often, כְּרֹב לְ Hosea 10:1, רָוַח לְ I Samuel 16:23, חַם לְ to be warm to, I Kings 1:1, רַע לְ Psalms 106:32, חָרָה לְ it was hot (= anger arose) to Genesis 4:6 + often, חָֽשְׁכָה לְ Micah 3:6. And with passive vbs., נִסְלַח לוֹ it is forgiven to him = he is forgiven Leviticus 4:26 + often; otherwise rare, נִרְצָה לְ Leviticus 1:4, נִרְפָּא לָנוּ it is healed to us = we are healed Isaiah 53:5, הוּנַח ל Lamentations 5:5, יְבֻלַּע לְ II Samuel 17:16 (see Driver)

with verbs of reaching to, touching, attaching etc., as אסר ל to bind to, חבשׁ, דבק Psalms 44:26, מצא to reach to Isaiah 10:10, Isaiah 10:14 Psalms 21:9, הגיע Exodus 4:25, נצמד Numbers 25:5, קרוב (adjective) Ruth 2:20; out of connexion with a verb (almost = עַד), Joshua 16:1 Psalms 59:14 Job 28:3 Nehemiah 3:15 II Chronicles 33:14, and correl. to מִן (v מִן 5).

with vbs. of motion, as הלך, בא, שָׁב etc. (not so common as אל, or the simple direct object with or without ה location)—(a) with places, rare in early prose, Joshua 1:15; Joshua 8:14 Judges 1:34; Judges 20:10 (but v GFM), I Samuel 9:12; I Samuel 20:25 II Kings 3:27, except in partic. phrases, viz. למקומו Genesis 18:33, לדרכו Genesis 32:2, לאהליו I Samuel 4:10 (also with other sfs.: all these + often, especially with שׁוב and הלך, or preceded by distrib. אישׁ; לאהליו(ך), also, without verb, as exclam., II Samuel 20:1 I Kings 12:16), לארצו Genesis 30:25 +, אִישׁ לִירֻשָּׁתוֹ Deuteronomy 3:20, אישׁ לנחלתו Joshua 24:28 +, אישׁ לעירו I Samuel 8:22; Nehemiah 13:10: often in late Hebrew, as Job 4:5, I Chronicles 4:39, I Chronicles 4:42; I Chronicles 5:26; I Chronicles 12:1, I Chronicles 12:9; I Chronicles 22:18; I Chronicles 24:19; II Chronicles 1:3; II Chronicles 8:17 + often Chr, Ezra 2:68 +, Nehemiah 10:35 Esther 6:4 Psalms 96:8; Psalms 132:7; Psalms 146:4: לירושׁלם Jeremiah 3:17 (om. Septuagint), Zechariah 1:16, and often Ch Ezr Ne (as II Chronicles 11:14; II Chronicles 19:1; II Chronicles 30:3, II Chronicles 30:11), לשׁמרון II Chronicles 18:2; II Chronicles 28:8, II Chronicles 28:9, לבבל Jeremiah 51:2; Ezra 2:1; I Chronicles 9:1; II Chronicles 36:7 (but earlier always ירושׁלם, שׁמרון, בבל or בבלה); and poet. Judges 5:11; Isaiah 22:1; Isaiah 23:17; Isaiah 49:18; Isaiah 51:14 (pregn.) ימות לשׁחת, Isaiah 59:20; Isaiah 60:4, Isaiah 60:5, Isaiah 60:7; Isaiah 65:12; Jeremiah 31:17; Jeremiah 48:15; Jeremiah 50:27; Micah 1:12; Zechariah 9:12 Psalms 7:8; Psalms 68:19; Psalms 74:3 Song of Songs 4:16; Song of Songs 5:1; Song of Songs 6:2; Song of Songs 7:13 (pregn.) נשׁכימה לכרמים, Job 10:9; Job 20:6; הוציא לְ Psalms 18:20; Psalms 66:12, לאור Micah 7:9; Job 12:22; יוּבַל ל Hosea 10:6 +: without a verb, Isaiah 23:5; Hosea 7:12. Also לָאָרֶץ, with many vbs., both in sense down to the earth, Isaiah 14:12; Isaiah 21:9; Isaiah 28:2; Amos 3:14; Amos 5:7; Ezekiel 26:11 Psalms 7:6 +, c. חִלֵּל (pregn) Psalms 74:7; Psalms 89:40, and idiomatically c. ישׁב to sit on the earth, Isaiah 3:26; Isaiah 47:1; Job 2:13 +, without verb Isaiah 26:9: so לַעָפָר Job 7:21 Psalms 7:6, הוריד לשׁחת Ezekiel 28:8. (b) with persons, not very common, Deuteronomy 32:35; Isaiah 31:6; Isaiah 57:9; Jeremiah 3:22 אָתָנוּ לָ֑ךְ, Psalms 45:15; Psalms 119:79; Job 18:14; I Chronicles 12:16; Nehemiah 6:19, לְעֲמִּי Numbers 24:14; Ruth 1:10: בא לְ, especially with pron. לְךָ, לָהּ etc. (friendly) II Samuel 12:4; Zechariah 9:9 Amos 6:1, (hostile) II Samuel 5:23; Jeremiah 46:22; Jeremiah 49:9; Jeremiah 50:26; Jeremiah 51:48, Jeremiah 51:53; with a thing as subj. Deuteronomy 33:16 (לראשׁ), II Samuel 24:13 Isaiah 47:9; Job 3:25 (compare Isaiah 66:4), Jeremiah 4:12; Jeremiah 22:23 בְּבֹא לָךְ חֲבָלִים (so Hosea 13:13; Isaiah 66:7). And with vbs. of placing (where עַל would be more usually) Psalms 21:4 תָּשִׁית לְרֹאשׁוֹ עֲטֶרֶת פָּז, Psalms 22:16; Psalms 66:12, with לְכִסֵּא Psalms 9:5; Psalms 132:11, Psalms 132:12 Job 36:7: compare נָפַל לְאַפָּיו, הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה, Genesis 48:12 + (also עַל א׳)

expressing direction towards (without contact), לאחור backwards Jeremiah 7:24, לַחוּץ outwards Psalms 41:7, למעלה upwards, למטה downwards; to scatter לכל רוח Jeremiah 49:32 compare v Jeremiah 49:36 Ezekiel 5:10 +, (שׁמים) לארבע רוחות Ezekiel 42:20; Daniel 8:8; Daniel 11:4; I Chronicles 9:24: of the points of the compass (without verb) לִפְאַת … towards the quarter of (the N., S., etc.) Exodus 26:18 + often P (so Ezekiel 47:15), לדרום, למזרח etc. (late: earlier ממזרח, or מזרחה etc.) Ezekiel 40:23; Ezekiel 41:11, Ezekiel 41:14; Ezekiel 42:4; Nehemiah 3:26; I Chronicles 5:9; I Chronicles 6:63; I Chronicles 7:28; I Chronicles 12:15; I Chronicles 26:16-18; II Chronicles 31:14, למדבר II Chronicles 20:24; also (peculiarly) I Samuel 14:40 I Kings 20:38; II Kings 11:11.

expressing addition (rare); Isaiah 28:10, Isaiah 28:13 צַו לָצַו קַו לָקַו, Isaiah 56:8 (resuming על), Ecclesiastes 7:27 אחת לאחת (adding) one to another, Ezra 8:24; Nehemiah 11:17 (על is more usual in this sense).

with the Hif., mostly of intrans. vbs., properly (as it seems) a dat. commodi, as הֵנִיחַ לְ to give rest to, הִרְחִיב to give width to, הֵצַר לְ, הֵצִיק לְ, exceptionally also with other words, as הִרְגִּיז, הוֹכִיחַ, הִצְדִּיק to give righteousness to, Isaiah 53:11, הֶחֱיָה Genesis 45:7, הֵבִין give understanding to (late), הִצְלִיחַ (do.), הִרְבָּה Hosea 10:1, הִשְׂגִּיא Job 12:23, הִפְתָּח Genesis 9:27 give breadth to.

with other vbs., sporadically early (if the text be sound), but mostly late, in conseq. of Aramaic influence (in Aramaic the accus. being constantly denoted by ל), as אהב Leviticus 19:18, Leviticus 19:34; II Chronicles 19:2, הרג II Samuel 3:30; Job 5:2, בוּז (mostly), בזה II Samuel 6:16, sometimes also זכר to remember, עבד to serve (work or do service for), עזר (II Samuel 8:5, and especially late), דרשׁ (especially Chr), הִלֵּל (only Chr Ezr), רפא (probably the dat. comm.), שִׁחֵת I Samuel 23:10; Numbers 32:15, נִדָּה Amos 6:3, גִּדֵּל Psalms 34:4, פִּתַּח Psalms 116:16, כִּבֵּד Psalms 86:9; Daniel 11:38, חִזַּק I Chronicles 26:27; I Chronicles 29:12, בֵּרַךְ I Chronicles 29:20; Nehemiah 11:2, חֵרֵף II Chronicles 32:17; see also I Samuel 22:7; II Kings 8:6; Jeremiah 16:6; Jeremiah 40:2; Jonah 4:6 Psalms 69:6; Psalms 73:18; Psalms 135:11; Psalms 136:19, Psalms 136:20; Proverbs 17:26; Job 12:23; Lamentations 4:5; I Chronicles 16:37; I Chronicles 18:6 (הושׁיע, altered from II Samuel 8:6: so Psalms 116:6), Psalms 25:1; Psalms 25:22^(×2); II Chronicles 5:11; II Chronicles 6:42; II Chronicles 17:7; II Chronicles 24:5; II Chronicles 34:13 (usually על, Ezra 8:16; at the end of an enumeration, I Chronicles 28:1; II Chronicles 24:12; II Chronicles 26:14; II Chronicles 28:23; marking the defin.obj.in appos., I Chronicles 29:18; II Chronicles 2:12; II Chronicles 23:1 Psalms 135:11; Psalms 136:19, Psalms 136:20 (= earlier את, Genesis 26:34; Judges 3:15; Isaiah 7:6; Isaiah 8:2); after a with suffix (in Syriac fahion), I Chronicles 5:26 וַיַּגְלֵם ל׳, I Chronicles 23:6; II Chronicles 25:5, II Chronicles 25:10; II Chronicles 28:15, compare Nehemiah 9:32; defining anom. the with suffix of a noun, Numbers 29:18, Numbers 29:21, Numbers 29:24 etc. I Chronicles 7:5 הִתְיַחֲשָׂם לַכֹּל, II Chronicles 31:16, II Chronicles 31:18 Ezra 9:1; Ezra 10:14. (But in sentences of the type אֵין דּוֹרֵשׁ לְנַפְשִׁי Psalms 142:5; Psalms 72:12; Isaiah 51:18; Jeremiah 14:16; Jeremiah 49:5 Lamentations 1:7, Lamentations 1:9, Lamentations 1:17, Lamentations 1:21, the ל belongs probably to אין: compare the ‖ types אֵון לִי מַכִּיר Psalms 142:5 Deuteronomy 28:31; Jeremiah 50:32; Lamentations 1:2, דֹּרֵשׁ אֵין לָהּ Jeremiah 30:17; Lamentations 4:4.) Cf. Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 117 n.

Genesis 2:22 וַיִּבֶן אֶת־הַצֵּלָע לְאִשָּׁה into a woman, Genesis 12:2 וְאֶעֶשְׂךָ לְגוֹי גָּדוֹל into a great nation, and very often with this and similar verbs, as Exodus 26:7; Exodus 32:10; Isaiah 44:17, Isaiah 44:19, שָׂם Genesis 46:3; Isaiah 5:20 make bitter into sweet etc., Isaiah 28:17, נָתַן Isaiah 42:6, also in such phrases as שָׂם לְשַׁמָּה to make into a desolation Isaiah 13:9; Jeremiah 4:7 etc. Jeremiah 19:8; הפך ל to change into Exodus 7:15; Deuteronomy 23:6 +, to cut or divide into Genesis 32:8; Judges 19:29; Isaiah 11:15 +, שָׂרַף לְ to burn into Amos 2:1, Deuteronomy 9:21 דַּק לְעָפָר, פעל Psalms 7:14 maketh into (or to be) flaming ones; היה ל to become, in many diff. connexions, as Genesis 2:7 ויהי האדם לנפשׁ חיה became a living soul (see היה II. 2 e, p. 226 a); (לנגיד) משׁח למלך to anoint so as to be king, as king (Germ. ‘zum König’: compare Old Engl. to, as Judges 17:13 and ‘Wellhausen have Abraham to our father’), I Samuel 9:16; I Samuel 15:1 etc., צִוָּה לְ to appoint as I Samuel 13:14; I Samuel 25:30; שׁת לְ Psalms 45:17; even more freely, as דִּבֶּר עָלַי לְמֶלֶךְ I Kings 14:2, compare II Samuel 3:17 I Chronicles 29:23; חשׁב ל to count for (or as) Genesis 38:15 + often; Exodus 21:7 when a man sells his daughter לְאָמָה for, as, a female slave, Deuteronomy 6:8 to bind לְאוֹת for, as a sign, הִתְיַצֵּב לְשָׂטָן (יָצָא) so as to be an adversary Numbers 22:22, Numbers 22:32, לְאֹרֵב (הקים) קום I Samuel 22:8, I Samuel 22:13, עמד לֵ Isaiah 11:10; Duhm Isaiah 11:1, יצא לַחָפְשִׁי to go forth into the state of one free Exodus 21:2 (compare v Exodus 21:26, Exodus 21:27 after שׁלח), II Kings 25:12; Isaiah 14:2; Jeremiah 34:11, Psalms 48:4; נודע לְ hath made himself known as, Psalms 87:4 הזכיר לְ to mention as, Ezekiel 13:20; poet. Job 39:16 הִקְשִׁיחַ בָּנֶיהָ לְלֹא־לָהּ treats her young ones hardly (turning them) into none of hers: without a verb (poet., or late prose) Micah 1:14; Nahum 1:7; Habakkuk 1:11 זוֹ כֹחוֹ לֵאלֹהוֹ, Zechariah 4:7 Lamentations 4:3; Job 13:12; Haggai 1:9; I Chronicles 21:12; I Chronicles 26:29; I Chronicles 28:18 II Chronicles 23:4.

this usage is also combined idiomatically, with great freq., with a 2nd לְ, of reference (5 a d), giving rise to such phrases as Genesis 1:29 לָכֶם יִהְיֶה לְאָכְלָה to you it shall be for food (see היה II 2nd feminine, p. 226 b), Genesis 45:8 וַיְשִׂימֵנִי לְאָב לְפַרְעֹה, Genesis 47:26 Deuteronomy 28:9, Deuteronomy 28:25 Judges 1:33; I Samuel 2:28; Isaiah 21:4; Isaiah 28:18 וִהְיִיתֶם לוֹ לְמִרְמָס, Isaiah 49:5 יֹצְרִי מִבֶּטֶן לְעֶבֶד לוֹ, Isaiah 63:8, Isaiah 28:10 וַיֵּהָפֵךְ לָהֶם לְאוֹיֵב (Job 30:21), Jeremiah 15:4, Jeremiah 15:20; Jeremiah 20:4; Jeremiah 21:9 Habakkuk 2:7 Psalms 33:12; Psalms 94:22; Psalms 132:13; Psalms 139:22; Job 13:24 ותחשׂבני לאויב לך, Job 16:12 etc.

defining those in reference to whom a predicate is affirmed, hence often = belonging to, of: (a) Deuteronomy 23:3 דור עשׂירי לא יבא לו, v Deuteronomy 23:4, Deuteronomy 23:9 Lamentations 1:10; הכרית לְ I Samuel 2:33; I Kings 14:10 +; השׁבית לְ Jeremiah 48:35; לֹא יִכָּרֵת אִישׂ לְ I Kings 2:4; I Kings 8:25 +; I Samuel 25:34 אִם נוֹתַר לְ, Genesis 17:10 המול לכם כל זכר, Genesis 34:15, Genesis 34:22; Exodus 12:48; I Samuel 11:2; I Kings 14:13; ישׁב על כסא לְ II Kings 10:30; II Kings 15:12 Jeremiah 13:^(×2); Jeremiah 22:4 Psalms 132:12; compare v Psalms 132:11; ראה בנים לְ Genesis 50:23; Psalms 128:6; אבד לְ to perish belonging to I Samuel 9:3, I Samuel 9:20; Isaiah 26:14; מצא לְ to find belonging to Deuteronomy 22:14; I Samuel 13:22; Genesis 23:16 money עֹבֵר לַסֹּחֵר current to (= with) the merchant, Numbers 9:10; Amos 9:1; Isaiah 33:14; Job 12:6: note further the pron. in Exodus 10:5 הַצֹּמֵחַ לכם מן השׂדה, Exodus 12:2, Exodus 12:5; Exodus 26:33 Leviticus 11:29 וְזֶה לָכֶם הַטָּמֵא (compare v Leviticus 11:4-8), Leviticus 19:23; Leviticus 25:30; Leviticus 26:5, Leviticus 26:26 בְּשִׂבְרִי לָכֶם מַטֵּה לֶחֶם (Ezekiel 14:13), Numbers 28:19; Numbers 32:21; Numbers 34:4 Deuteronomy 28:66; Joshua 2:6 הָעֲרֻכוֹת לָהּ עַל הָגָּג, Judges 16:9; Judges 19:14 (compare זָרַח לְ Genesis 32:32 +), I Samuel 5:9; II Samuel 15:30; II Kings 4:27 נַפְשָׂהּ מָרָה־לָהּ (compare Isaiah 15:4; Jeremiah 4:19), Isaiah 23:7 Jeremiah 2:21; Micah 2:4 איך ימישׁ לי, Ezekiel 16:14; Ezekiel 29:7 Psalms 110:3; also Psalms 40:7 ears hast thou digged to (or for) me, Psalms 51:12 (compare I Samuel 10:9), Isaiah 50:4, Isaiah 50:5 יעיר לי אזן. (b) in such phrases as Numbers 1:4 אִישׁ אִישׁ לְמַטֶּה a man for (or of) a tribe, Numbers 7:11; Numbers 31:4, Deuteronomy 1:23 Joshua 3:12; Joshua 18:4 Judges 20:10 ten men לַמֵּאָה of 100, 100 of 1000 etc.; רִאשׁוֹן לְ = first of Exodus 12:2; II Samuel 19:21. (c) spec. of relationship, to define a man’s family or tribe, especially in genealogies, Numbers 1:6 לראובן אליצור, v Numbers 1:7, Numbers 1:8 etc., v Numbers 1:22, Numbers 1:24 etc., Numbers 3:21, Numbers 3:27; I Chronicles 24:20, I Chronicles 24:21 etc., I Chronicles 26:23, I Chronicles 26:25 etc. + often; in the opposite order Exodus 31:2; Leviticus 24:11; Numbers 17:23 אהרן לבית לוי I Kings 15:27 etc., compare II Samuel 3:2, II Samuel 3:3, II Samuel 3:5, also II Samuel 9:3 a Genesis 20:18; Genesis 46:26, Genesis 46:27; similarly הנשׁארים לְ II Kings 10:11, II Kings 10:17, הַמֵּת לְ I Kings 14:11 I Kings 16:4 +. (d) denoting relation (to be to or towards one in a particular regard or capacity) Exodus 19:5 והייתם לי סְגֻלָּה ye shall be to me a special possession, Exodus 22:30 אנשׁי קדשׁ תהיון לי, I Samuel 18:18; II Samuel 19:29; I Kings 5:15; II Kings 19:15; Jeremiah 12:9; Jeremiah 15:8; Jeremiah 22:6 גלעד אתה לי, Jeremiah 51:20; Isaiah 54:9; Ezekiel 24:19 Psalms 12:5 מִי אָדוֹן לָנוּ, Psalms 35:14 כְּרֵעַ כְּאָח לִי, Psalms 99:8; Job 24:17; Job 30:29; Nehemiah 6:18; with a ptcp. Numbers 10:25; Numbers 25:18; Numbers 35:23; Deuteronomy 4:22; Deuteronomy 19:4, Deuteronomy 19:6 Isaiah 11:9; Isaiah 14:2 (Driver^{§ 135, 7 Obs.}); מלך לְ Numbers 22:4; רַב לָכֶם it is (too) much to you, מְעַט לְ (too) little to …; in the phr. (מָה) מִי אֵלֶּה לְךָ who (what) are these to thee? = what meanest thou by these things? Genesis 33:5, Genesis 33:8; II Samuel 16:2; Ezekiel 37:18, compare Exodus 12:26; Joshua 4:6 Ezekiel 12:22; חלילה לי away be it to (or for) me! למה לי to what purpose to me is …? Genesis 27:46; Isaiah 1:11; Jeremiah 6:20; Job 30:2: often also in such phrases as מָגֵן לְ a shield to Genesis 15:1 Psalms 18:31, a strength to Psalms 28:8, an abomination to Genesis 43:32; Isaiah 1:13 +, a grief to Proverbs 10:1; Proverbs 17:21; compare Jeremiah 15:10; Malachi 2:9 Psalms 89:28 etc.: note also Jonah 3:3 עיר גדולה לאלהים a city great to God (that is in his estimation: compare Acts 7:20 ἀστεῖος τῷ θεῷ, and לפני Genesis 10:9), Esther 10:3. And with כְּ Judges 17:11; II Samuel 12:3 וַתְּהִי לוֹ כְּבַת, Exodus 22:24 (compare 4 b), Amos 9:7 כבני כֻשִׁיים אַתֶּם לי Hosea 11:4 Isaiah 29:2; Job 33:6 הֵן־אֲנִי לָאֵל כְּפִיךָ lo, I am to God as thou art, etc.

denoting possession, belonging to;—(a) as predicate, in הָיָה לְ (compare Lat. est mihi), יֵשׁ לְ, אֵין לְ constantly (see these words); also alone, as Genesis 31:16, Genesis 31:43 לִי הוּא it is mine, Genesis 48:5 לי הם, Exodus 19:5 כי לי כל הארץ, I Kings 20:3, I Kings 20:4 Isaiah 43:1 לי אתה, Isaiah 44:5 לי׳ אני, Ezekiel 29:3 Psalms 47:10; Psalms 50:10, Psalms 50:12 Job 12:13, Job 12:16 Song of Songs 2:16; Song of Songs 6:3; I Samuel 1:2 ולו שׁתי נשׁים and he had two wives, I Samuel 25:7, I Samuel 25:36 Judges 3:16; Judges 17:5; Job 22:8; II Samuel 17:18; Hosea 6:10, + often; with לֹא, I Kings 22:17; Isaiah 53:2 לא הדר לו, Jeremiah 5:10 +; with a neut. adjective (rare) Isaiah 63:2; Jeremiah 30:10 אָנוּשׁ לְשִׁבְרֵךְ; note also such phrases as II Kings 10:19 זבח גדול לי לבעל, Isaiah 2:12 כִּי יוֹם לי׳ על וג׳ for י׳ hath a day against, etc., Isaiah 22:5; Isaiah 28:2 י׳ הִנֵּה חָזָק וְאַמִּץ לי׳ hath a strong and mighty one (sc. at his disposal), Isaiah 34:2 קצף לי׳ על וג׳, v Isaiah 34:6 b, Isaiah 34:8; Hosea 4:1 כִּי רִיב לי׳ עם …, Hosea 12:3 Micah 6:2: מַה־לִּי וָלָךְ what is there to me and to thee? (that is what have we to do with each other?), v מָה; שׁלום לך peace be to thee! Of that which pertains to one as a right, Leviticus 25:31, Leviticus 25:48; Deuteronomy 1:17 כי המשׁפט לאלהים הוא, Deuteronomy 21:17; I Samuel 17:47; Jeremiah 10:23; Jeremiah 32:7, Jeremiah 32:8 Ezekiel 21:32 Psalms 3:9 לי׳ הישׁועה, Jonah 2:10; with an inf. I Samuel 23:20 וְלָנוּ הַסְגִּירוֹ and it shall be for us (or our place) to deliver him, Micah 3:1 הלא לכם לדעת, Ezra 4:3; II Chronicles 13:5; II Chronicles 20:17; II Chronicles 26:17, compare Psalms 50:16 מַה־לְּךָ לְ. (b) here also belongs the so-called Lamed auctoris, Isaiah 38:9 מִכְתָּב לְחִזְקִיָּהוּ a writing belonging to, of, or by H., Habakkuk 3:1, Psalms 3:1 and often מזמור לדוד a Psalm of or by D. (but possibly denoting orig., at least in some cases, a Psalm belonging to a collection known as David’s: so certainly in לבני קרח Psalms 42:1 al., and probably also in לאסף Psalms 50:1 al.); so לדוד מזמור Psalms 24:1 +, לדוד alone Psalms 10:1; Psalms 14:1 +. Comp. on Phoenician coins לצדנם of the Sidonians, that is belonging to them, לצור (= Gk. Σιδονίων, Τύρου). Hebrew idiom also uses the ל of possession where we should write the simple name, as Ezekiel 38:16 (written on a stick) ליהודה, v Ezekiel 38:17 ליוסף, in English ‘Judah,’ ‘Joseph,’ Isaiah 8:1 למהר־שׁלל־חשׁ־בז ‘Maher-shalal-hash-baz.’

as periph. for the st. c.:—(a) אשׁר לְ, as Exodus 29:29; Exodus 39:1, Exodus 39:39 Leviticus 7:20, Leviticus 7:21; Leviticus 16:6, Leviticus 16:15 (see further exx. sub אשׁר 7, p. 82 f.); so שֶׁלִּי † Song of Songs 1:6; Song of Songs 8:12, שֶׁלָּנוּ †II Kings 6:11. (b) without אשׁר—(a) where it is desired to keep the first noun indeterm., I Samuel 16:18 ראיתי בן לישׁי a son to or of Jesse, I Samuel 22:20; Genesis 41:12; Numbers 1:4; Numbers 7:24; I Kings 2:39 שׁני עבדים לשׁמעי, I Kings 18:22; II Kings 3:11; Ruth 2:1 etc.; (β) where the genit. is a compound term, to avoid a series of nouns in the st. c., Numbers 1:4 ראשׁ לבית אבותיו, Numbers 7:24, Numbers 7:30, Numbers 7:36 etc.; Numbers 1:21 פקֻדיהם למטה ראובן, v Numbers 1:23, Numbers 1:25 etc., Numbers 2:9, Numbers 2:16 etc., Joshua 21:38; I Chronicles 9:23 הַשְּׁעָרִים לְבֵית י׳, I Chronicles 27:3 הראשׁ לְ, II Chronicles 19:11; Nehemiah 10:39 etc., occas. also besides, as I Samuel 14:16 הצופים לשׁאול, Exodus 31:7 (usually ארון העדות); (γ) where the regens is a pr. name, or a compound term, which does not readily admit of being placed in the st. c., as (יהודה) דברי הימים למלכי ישׂראל I Kings 14:19, I Kings 14:29 + often, I Kings 5:30 שׂרי הנצבים לְ, II Kings 11:4 שׂרי המאות לְ; ראשׁי האבות לְ Numbers 36:1; Joshua 19:51; I Chronicles 8:13 + often Ch Ne Ezr; in dates, as באחד לחדשׁ Genesis 8:5, Genesis 8:14 Exodus 12:3, Exodus 12:6, Genesis 7:11 בשׁנת … לחיי נח, Genesis 16:3 Exodus 19:1 בחדשׁ השׁלישׁי לצאת, בשׁנת שׁתים לאסא … I Kings 15:25, I Kings 15:28; I Kings 16:8 (all + often); other cases, Exodus 20:5, Exodus 20:6 Leviticus 13:48 Numbers 16:22 (= Numbers 27:16) Numbers 18:15; Judges 20:10; II Kings 5:9; Ezekiel 45:19; Ruth 2:3 I Chronicles 4:43; I Chronicles 9:19, I Chronicles 9:21; I Chronicles 26:19; II Chronicles 22:10; II Chronicles 23:4; (δ) with a neg., Genesis 15:13 בארץ לא לכם, Jeremiah 5:19; Proverbs 26:17; Habakkuk 1:6, poet. even alone, Habakkuk 2:6 who increaseth לֹא לוֹ (that which is) not his, Job 18:15 בְּלִי לוֹ, Job 39:16 לְלֹא לָהּ as (4) those which are not hers; (ε) poet., Isaiah 16:2; Isaiah 26:7 ארח לצדיק Jeremiah 47:3; Hosea 9:6 Psalms 37:16; Psalms 49:14; Psalms 55:19 (Hitzig De Ch), Psalms 58:5; Psalms 73:6; Psalms 105:36; Psalms 116:15 המותה לחסידיו, Psalms 123:4; Jonah 2:3; Ecclesiastes 5:11; compare also מלך לְ Joshua 12:13 (but v Septuagint Dillmann), II Kings 19:13 (compare Aramaic Ezra 5:11): see further Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 292, Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 129, Giesebr ^{§ 19}.

attached to advbs., especially those compounded with מִן, it forms preps., as מִקֶּדֶם לְ Genesis 3:24 literally off the front with reference to (or of) = in front of: so מִבֵּית לְ = within, מִחוּץ לְ = without, מִמַּעַל לְ, מֵעַל לְ, מֵעֵבֶר לְ, מֵהָֽלְאָה לְ, מִצְּפוֹן לְ, סָבִיב לְ (all often); more rarely, מֵאַחֲרֵי לְ, מִבַּעַד לְ, מִבֵּינוֹת לְ, אֶל בֵּינוֹת לִ, מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה לְ Exodus 38:15, חֵנָּה לְ Daniel 12:5^(×2), מִזְרָח לְ, מִימִין לְ, מִנֶּגֶד לְ, מִסָּבִיב לְ, תַּחַת לְ, poet. נֶגְדָּה־נָּא לְ †Psalms 116:14, Psalms 116:18. See בית, חוץ, etc.; and compare Judges 7:1, Judges 7:8.

construed with passive verbs, the ל of reference notifies the agent, as בָּרוּךְ לְ blessed by, Genesis 14:17 + often; otherwise not very common, Genesis 31:15 נֶחְשַׁב לְ to be reckoned by (so Isaiah 40:17), Exodus 12:16 אַךְ אֲשֶׁר יֵאָכֵל לְכָל־נֶפֶשׁ הוּא לְבַדּוֹ, יֵעָשֶׂה לָכם, I Samuel 2:3; I Samuel 25:7; II Samuel 19:43; Jeremiah 8:3 נִבְחַר לְ (Proverbs 21:3), Jeremiah 29:22 Psalms 73:10; Psalms 111:2; Proverbs 13:13 יֵחָבֶל־לוֹ is pledged by it, Proverbs 14:20; Nehemiah 6:1, Nehemiah 6:7 נִשְׁמַע לְ, Nehemiah 13:26 אָהוּב לְ, Esther 4:3; Esther 5:12 Ecclesiastes 5:12 שָׁמוּר לְ. So with נִרְאָה Exodus 13:7 (= Deuteronomy 16:4), נוֹדַע I Samuel 6:3; Ezekiel 36:32; Nehemiah 4:9 (but usually with these words לְ is rather the dat. comm. be known, appear, to), נעתר Genesis 25:21 +, נדרשׁ and נמצא Isaiah 65:1 + to let oneself be entreated, sought, found, by, נוֹסַר † Leviticus 26:23, נענה † Ezekiel 14:4, Ezekiel 14:7 (?). (Comp. in Syriac Nöldeke's Syriac Grammar § ²⁴⁷, especially with passive ptcp.^{§ 279} (so Talm., Luz ^{§ 90}), which in Mand. and New Syriac even unites with the ל to form a new tense, see Noldeke^{Marti's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 263; NS § 104}.) Analogously Genesis 38:15 וַתַּהַר לוֹ and was pregnant by, v Genesis 38:18 הָרָה לְ (adjective) pregnant by (literally to).

regarding, in respect of, viz. (a) with verbs of speaking, commanding, hearing, etc.; concerning, about (syn. עַל, which is more usually); so with אָמַר Genesis 20:13; Deuteronomy 33:12, Deuteronomy 33:13 + Judges 9:54; Isaiah 41:7 Psalms 3:3; Psalms 41:6 +, דִּבֶּר Ezekiel 44:5, סִפֵּר Psalms 22:31, דרשׁ Deuteronomy 12:30; II Samuel 11:3, חָלַם Genesis 42:9, הִטִּיף Micah 2:6, צִוָּה Numbers 8:20 Psalms 91:11 +, שָׁמַע Genesis 17:20, and often in the adjunct לאשׁר …, לכל אשׁר … Genesis 27:8; Joshua 1:18; Joshua 22:2 +; שׁאל Genesis 26:7 +, especially in phr. שׁאל לפ׳ לְשָׁלוֹם to ask about any one with ref. to (his) welfare; in the phr. לַדָּבָר הַגֶּה in regard to this thing (idiomatically), Genesis 19:21; I Samuel 30:24 +, Judges 21:5, Judges 21:7 לנשׁים, I Kings 20:7; without a verb, Leviticus 7:37; Leviticus 14:54; Deuteronomy 33:7, and in titles Jeremiah 23:9; Jeremiah 46:2; Jeremiah 48:1; Jeremiah 49:1, Jeremiah 49:7, Jeremiah 49:23, Jeremiah 49:28. (b) limiting the application of a term, especially with כְּ to denote the tertium comparationis, as Genesis 41:19 לֹא רָאִיתִי כָהֵנָּה … לָרֹעַ as regards, in respect of (in our idiom, simply in or for) badness, Exodus 24:10 כְּעֶצֶם הַשָּׁמַיִם לָטֹהַר in brightness, Deuteronomy 34:11, Deuteronomy 34:12 Ezekiel 3:3 (read לְמֹתֶק) Proverbs 25:3; I Chronicles 24:4; with an inf., Genesis 3:22 היה כאחד ממנו לדעת in respect of knowing, etc., Genesis 34:15 Isaiah 21:1 כַּסּוּפוֹת לַחֲלוֹף as whirlwinds in respect of sweeping through, Joshua 10:14; II Samuel 14:17, II Samuel 14:25; Ezekiel 38:9, Ezekiel 38:16; Proverbs 26:2 כצפור לָנוּד כדרור לָעוּף, I Chronicles 12:9 כצבאים לְמַהֵר; with לָרֹב in multitude, Deuteronomy 1:10 ככוכבי השׁמים לרב Judges 7:12^(×2) + often; less freq. in comparisons with מִן, I Kings 10:23 וַיִּגְדַּל … מִכֹּל … לְעשֶׁר וּלְחָכְמָה, Song of Songs 1:2; Job 30:1 צעירים ממני לימים (compare the accus. Job 15:10), Job 32:4, Job 32:6, compare Job 11:6 כִּפְלַיִם לְתוּשִׁיָּה; rarely after substs., II Chronicles 16:8; II Chronicles 21:3, II Chronicles 3:8 לְכִכָּרִים, v II Chronicles 3:9, II Chronicles 3:11 Ezra 8:26 (where the earlier language would use appos., or the accus. of specification, Driver^{§ 194}). (c) somewhat differently, Leviticus 5:4 and be guilty לְאַחַת מֵאֵלָּה as regards one of these things, v Leviticus 5:5 Leviticus 22:5 Numbers 18:7 (compare I Chronicles 26:32; I Chronicles 27:1 II Chronicles 19:11^(×2)) Jeremiah 2:37 (peculiar) thou shalt not prosper להם as regards them, Ezekiel 44:14, compare Job 9:19; after substs. Genesis 47:26 לַחֹמֶשׁ (but compare Septuagint Dillmann) with ref. to the fifth, Leviticus 7:26; Leviticus 11:46 Numbers 19:11; Numbers 29:39; Numbers 30:13; Deuteronomy 19:15; Deuteronomy 23:19; Ezra 8:34; I Chronicles 27:1; (לכל ח׳), II Chronicles 8:15 Nehemiah 11:24. (d) לְכֹל … (לְכָל־), at the close of a description or enumeration, with a generalizing force, as regards all … = namely, in brief (Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 310 a), chiefly in P and Chr (probably a juristic usage): Genesis 9:10 all that go out of the ark לְכֹל חַיַּת הָאָרֶץ as regards (= namely, even) all beasts of the earth, Genesis 23:10; Exodus 14:28 (compare v Exodus 14:9 וְ), Exodus 27:3, Exodus 27:19; Exodus 28:38; Exodus 36:1; Leviticus 5:3, Leviticus 5:4 (compare Leviticus 13:51) Leviticus 11:42; Leviticus 16:16, Leviticus 16:21; Leviticus 22:18 Numbers 3:26 (v Numbers 3:31, Numbers 3:36 וְ), Numbers 4:27, Numbers 4:31, Numbers 4:32; Numbers 5:9; Numbers 18:4, Numbers 18:8, Numbers 18:9, Numbers 18:11 (all P), II Kings 12:6; Jeremiah 19:13; Ezekiel 44:9; I Chronicles 13:1; II Chronicles 5:12 (לְכֻלָּם), II Chronicles 25:5; II Chronicles 31:16; II Chronicles 33:8 (‖ II Kings 21:8 ולכל) Ezra 1:5. (e) introducing a new subj. (rare, and text sometimes doubtful; chiefly Chr), as regards …, Isaiah 32:1 ולשׂרים (read probably וְשָׂרִים; ל by error from following למשׁפט), Leviticus 11:26; I Chronicles 3:2 (read probably אבשׁלום), I Chronicles 5:2 (? v Ke), I Chronicles 7:1 (Ke ובני), v I Chronicles 3:5 a (?), I Chronicles 24:1; I Chronicles 26:1, I Chronicles 26:23, I Chronicles 26:25, I Chronicles 26:26, I Chronicles 26:31 a β II Chronicles 5:12; II Chronicles 7:21 לְכָל־עֹבֵר עליו ישׁרק (‖ I Kings 9:8 כָּל־עֹבֵר), compare Deuteronomy 24:5 (peculiar); Ecclesiastes 9:4 כִּי לְכֶלֶב חַי הוא טוב וג׳; compare Psalms 17:4 (on Psalms 16:3 see Comm.) In Chr sometimes used peculiarly as a periphr., I Chronicles 28, I Chronicles 28:21 לכל נדיב as regards every liberal man = every liberal man (compare Ke), I Chronicles 29:5 and I Chronicles 29:6 b; compare Ezra 6:7 (Aramaic), Ezra 7:28.

in connexion with terms designating a cause or occasion, with reference to or in view of (Germ. auf … hin) becomes nearly equivalent to on account of, through (not common): so to cut oneself לָנֶפֶשׁ Leviticus 19:28 on account of a (dead) person, Deuteronomy 14:1; Jeremiah 16:6; b, Leviticus 11:24 לְאֵלֶּה תִּטַּמָּ֑אוּ on account of these ye shall become unclean, Leviticus 21:1, Leviticus 21:2, Leviticus 21:3 +, Ezekiel 20:31 נִטְמָא לְ, Numbers 5:2 כָּל־טָמֵא לָנֶפֶשׁ Numbers 9:6, Numbers 9:7, Numbers 9:10, compare II Chronicles 23:19; לְשֵׁם י׳ in view of (that is determined by), because of י׳’s name, Joshua 9:9; Jeremiah 3:17; Isaiah 55:5 (‖ לְמַעַן), Ezekiel 36:22 (do.); Genesis 4:23 I have slain a man לְפִצְעִי because of my wound, v Genesis 4:23 Exodus 4:26 לַמּוּלוֹת, Numbers 35:33 לַדָּם; לָכֵן = therefore (syn. עַל כֵּן), constantly (see כֵּן); Job 30:24 (si vera l.) לָחֶן: of the cause of an emotion, Isaiah 15:5 לְבִּי לְמוֹאָב יִזְעַק because of Moab, Isaiah 16:7, Isaiah 16:11; Jeremiah 31:20 הָמוּ מֵעַי לוֹ (עַל Song of Songs 5:4), Hosea 10:5, לְזֹאת Job 37:1. Cf. Numbers 16:34 נסו לקולם fled at the sound of them, Ezekiel 27:28; Habakkuk 3:16 Psalms 42:8.

marking the aim, object, or consequence of an action or thing, in view of, for, unto: (a) Genesis 1:16 לממשׁלת היום for the rule of the day, Genesis 22:7 where is the sheep לְעוֹלָה? Genesis 42:25 provision לַדָּ֑רֶךְ for the way; Exodus 20:7 לַשָּׁוְא that is for a vain or frivolous purpose, similarly לָרִיק and לַשֶּׁקֶר; Leviticus 1:3 + לִרְצֹנוֹ for his acceptance; Numbers 21:23 and often יצא למלחמה for battle; יָשַׁב לְ to sit (wait) for, Exodus 24:14; Hosea 3:3; Jeremiah 3:2; I Samuel 8:16 to use לִמְלַאכְתּוֹ for his business; II Samuel 15:2 + בָּא לַמִּשְׁפָּט for judgment; Psalms 69:22 לִצְמָאִי for (that is to quench) my thirst, Nehemiah 9:15; Exodus 29:36 + לַיּוֹם for each day; Isaiah 4:3 כָּל־כָּתוב לַחַיִּים for life; Hosea 9:4 לַחְמָם לְנַפְשָׁם; לרעה and לטובה Jeremiah 21:10 +; Isaiah 58:4 Psalms 63:10 לְשׁוֹאָה יבקשׁו נפשׁי: in the sense of to secure, compass, Genesis 41:55 cried to Phoenician לַלָּ֑חֶם for bread, I Samuel 2:36 Amos 8:11 Job 15:23 Isaiah 10:3; so in לִמַעַן for the purpose of; and with an inf. often (see 7 a). (b) corresponding to the Lat. dat. commodi, (a) with vbs., Genesis 2:18 אעשׂה לו I will make for him, etc., v Genesis 2:20 Genesis 3:21, etc., absol. עָשָׂה לְ I Samuel 14:6; Isaiah 64:3, פָּעַל לְ Psalms 68:29; מָצָא לְ Genesis 8:9; לָקַח לְ Genesis 24:3, Genesis 24:4 + often; סָפַד לְ, נוּד Jeremiah 16:5, Jeremiah 16:6, בָּכָה לְ Jeremiah 22:10, etc.; Judges 16:25 וִישַׂחֶק־לָנוּ to sport for us (for our pleasure); Hosea 2:25 Micah 5:1, etc.; with a pron. of the same person as the verb, as I Kings 20:34 תשׂים לך, II Kings 6:7; II Kings 10:24, Zechariah 9:13, leading on to h a, below; often with prons. and imv., Numbers 11:16 אֶסְפָה־לִּי gather me 70 men, Numbers 22:6 אָרָה־לִּי curse me this people, Numbers 23:1 בְּנֵה לִי, I Kings 1:28 קראו לי לבת־שׁבע call me B., I Kings 3:24; I Kings 13:13; I Kings 17:10 Song of Songs 2:15 אֶחֱזוּ לָנוּ catch us the foxes, Isaiah 49:20 גְּשָׁה־לִּי retire for me, that I may dwell, II Samuel 18:5 לְאַט לִי לַנַּעַר (act) gently (5 i b) for my sake towards the young man, II Kings 4:24 אַל־תַּעֲצָר־לִי לִרְכֹּב AV slacken me not the riding; (β) with substs., for example in such phrases as פסח הוא לי׳, Exodus 12:11 a passover is it unto י׳, Exodus 13:6 חַג לי׳, Exodus 16:25 שַׁבָּת לי׳, Isaiah 23:18 + קֹדֶשׁ לי׳, Leviticus 1:9 and often אִשֵּׁה רֵיחַ נִיחוֹחַ לי׳, I Samuel 1:3 כהנים לי׳, etc.; (γ) also as a dat. incommodi, as to lie in wait, lay snares, dig a pit, etc., for any one, Judges 9:25; Judges 16:2 Psalms 35:7; Psalms 57:7 etc.; with vbs. of withholding or removing (rare), Judges 17:2 לֻקַּח לָךְ I Samuel 21:6 (compare ܒܨܪܠ) Psalms 40:11; Psalms 84:12; Job 12:20; note also the phr. לָכַד הַמַּיִם (הַמַּעְבָּרוֹת) לְ Judges 3:28 (RV), Judges 7:24; Judges 12:5: זכר ל, in both senses, to remember for (in one’s favour) Jeremiah 2:2 +, against Psalms 137:7 +, compare גער לְ Malachi 3:11 and Malachi 2:3. (c) more distinctly on behalf of, as with קִנֵּא to be jealous for, Numbers 11:29 +, נִלְחַם Deuteronomy 3:22 +, שָׁמַר Deuteronomy 7:12 +, רָב לְ to contend for Judges 6:31, יָרֵא Joshua 9:24, הִתְפַּלֵּל I Samuel 2:25 +, דִּבֶּר to speak for one II Kings 4:13, Job 13:7 הַלְאֵל תְּדַבְּרוּ עַוְלָה will ye speak wickedness on God’s behalf? שָׁאַל to ask I Samuel 22:13 +, עָבַר to pass over for (= to pardon) Amos 7:8; Deuteronomy 30:12 מי יעלה לנו, v Deuteronomy 30:13 Judges 1:1; Judges 20:18; Isaiah 6:8 מִי יֵלֶךְ־לָנוּ; see also Exodus 2:19; Exodus 4:16 Numbers 35:31 Deuteronomy 23:6 Joshua 18:6 Judges 5:13; Judges 7:4, Judges 7:20 II Samuel 15:34 Isaiah 33:21; Proverbs 16:26; Proverbs 31:8, etc.; Psalms 94:16 מִי יָקוּם לִי עִם מְרֵעִים; היה ל׳ to be on one’s side, Hosea 1:9 ואנכי לא אהיה לכם, Psalms 124:1, Psalms 124:2, and without היה Genesis 31:42; Exodus 32:33, מִי ל׳ אֵלַי who is on י׳’s side? (let him come) to me! Joshua 5:13; II Samuel 20:11; II Kings 10:6 אִם לִי אַתֶּם (syn. אִתִּי II Kings 9:32), Psalms 56:10 זה ידעתי כי י׳ לי, Psalms 118:6, Psalms 118:7 י׳ לִי.

used reflexively (the ‘ethical’ dative, or dative of feeling), throwing the action back upon the subj., and expressing with some pathos the interest, or satisfaction, or completeness, with which it is (or is to be) accomplished, especially (but not exclusively) with imv. and 1 person impf. (often not expressible in Engl., sometimes to be expressed by a paraphr.);—(a) with trans. verbs (a choice idiom, a development of g b a, common, especially with imv., in best prose), עֲשֵׂה לְךָ Genesis 6:14 Numbers 21:8 + often, עֲשִׂיתֶם לָכֶם Deuteronomy 4:16, Deuteronomy 4:23; Deuteronomy 9:16 Amos 5:26, וַיַּעֲשׂוּ לָהֶם Genesis 3:7; Exodus 32:31; Hosea 13:2, Jeremiah 11:17 the evil which עשׂו להם they have loved to do (compare Hitzig), Genesis 11:4; Judges 3:16; II Samuel 15:1, etc.; קַח־לְךָ, קְחוּ לָכֶם Genesis 6:21 + often, ויקח לו Genesis 15:10, etc.; בָּזַז לוֹ Deuteronomy 2:35; Deuteronomy 20:14 +; תְּנוּ לָכֶם Exodus 7:9; Joshua 20:2; הָבוּ לָכֶם Deuteronomy 1:13 (compare Driver) +, שִׂימוּ לָכֶם Judges 19:30, compare II Kings 10:24; Hosea 2:2; בָּחַר לוֹ, בַּחֲרוּ לָכֶם, etc. Genesis 13:11 II Samuel 17:1 Septuagint (see Driver) + often; קְנֵה לְךָ Jeremiah 32:7 +, דַּע לְךָ Job 5:27, compare Song of Songs 1:8; Deuteronomy 10:1, Deuteronomy 10:1; Deuteronomy 16:9, Deuteronomy 16:13, Deuteronomy 16:18; Deuteronomy 19:2, Deuteronomy 19:3, Deuteronomy 19:9, Joshua 22:23 לִבְנוֹת לָנוּ, I Samuel 20:20 לְשַׁלַּח לִי לְמַטָּרָה, II Kings 4:3 שַׁאֲלִי לָךְ (compare Isaiah 7:11), II Kings 18:23 Isaiah 44:7 יַגִּידוּ לָמוֹ, Isaiah 59:8 עִקְּשׁוּ לָהֶם, Jeremiah 2:13; Jeremiah 22:14 אֶבְנֶה־לִּי, Jeremiah 31:21; Jeremiah 46:14; Hosea 10:1 פְּרִי יְשַׁוֶּה־לּוֹ maketh fruit freely, v Hosea 10:11, Hosea 10:12^(×2) Amos 6:5, Amos 6:13 Psalms 44:11 שָׁסוּ לָמוֹ = plunder at their will, Psalms 64:6; Psalms 83:13 Proverbs 1:22 Ecclesiastes 8:12 מַאֲרִיךְ לוֹ (denoting satisfaction), Job 7:3 הָנְחַלְתִּי לִי, Job 12:11 יִטְעַם לוֹ, Job 13:1 וַתָּכֶן־לָהּ, Job 24:16, etc.: rarely separated from the verb, Hosea 12:9; Proverbs 23:20; Job 3:14. (b) with verbs of motion, Genesis 12:1; Genesis 22:2; לֶךְ־לְךָ get thee away, Genesis 27:43; בְרַח לְךָ Amos 7:12, Numbers 22:34 אשׁובה לי literally I will return for myself, Deuteronomy 1:7 (compare Driver) סְעוּ לָכֶם, v Deuteronomy 1:40 Deuteronomy 2:13 עברו לכם, Deuteronomy 5:24 שׁובו לכם, I Samuel 22:5; I Samuel 26:11 וְנֵֽלְכָה לָנוּ, v I Samuel 26:12 וַיֵּלְֽכוּ לֶהֶם, II Samuel 2:21 נְטֵה לְךָ, v II Samuel 2:22 I Kings 17:3 Isaiah 31:8 נָס לוֹ, Isaiah 40:9 עֲלִי לָךְ, Jeremiah 5:5 אֵֽלְכָה לִי, Hosea 8:9 a wild ass בֹּדֵד לוֹ going alone at its pleasure, Micah 1:11 Psalms 58:8 כמים יתהלכו למו that run apace, Proverbs 20:14 אֹזֵל לוֹ = goeth his way, Job 39:4 Song of Songs 1:8; Song of Songs 2:10, Song of Songs 2:11, Song of Songs 2:13; Song of Songs 4:6. (c) with neuter verbs, especially those signifying a state of mind or feeling (chiefly poet.), Psalms 66:7 אל ירומו למו, Psalms 80:7 ילעגו למו mock as they please, Psalms 120:6 רַבַּת שָֽׁכְנָה לָהּ נַפְשִׁי has had her dwelling with, etc., Psalms 122:3 שֶׁחֻבְּרָה לָהּ is well compacted, Psalms 123:4 שָֽׂבְעָה לָהּ is but too full, Isaiah 2:22 חִדְלוּ לָכֶם, II Chronicles 25:16; II Chronicles 35:21 Jeremiah 7:4 אַל־תִּבְטְחוּ לָכֶם, v Jeremiah 7:8 II Kings 18:21, Ezekiel 37:11 נִגְזַרְנוּ לָנוּ we are quite cut off, Job 6:19 קִוּוּ לָמוֹ (implying that they fed themselves on hope), Job 15:28 יֵשְֽׁבוּ לָמוֹ which should not sit (be inhabited), Job 19:29 גּוּרוּ לָכֶם, Song of Songs 2:17; Song of Songs 8:14 דְּמֵה לְךָ, and the freq. הִשָּׁמֶר־לְךָ take heed to thyself Genesis 24:6 +; with an adjective, Amos 2:13 הַמְּלֵאָה לָהּ עָמִיר. (Cf. Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 315and Very common in Syriac, especially b: Nöldeke's Syriac Grammar § 224.)

of reference to a norm or standard, according to, after, by:—(a) Genesis 1:11 + often P לְמִינוֹ according to its kinds, Genesis 8:19 + לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתֵיהֶם according to their families, Genesis 10:5 אִישׁ לִלְשֹׁנוֹ, v Genesis 10:31, Genesis 10:32, Exodus 30:12 + לִפְקֻדֵיהֶם according to them that are numbered of them, Numbers 1:2 לְבֵית אֲבוֹתָם by their fathers’ houses, v Numbers 1:2 לִגֻלְגְּלֹתָם, v Numbers 1:3 לְצִבְאֹתָם, v Numbers 1:20 + often, especially in enumerations and classifications; Genesis 13:3 Abram went לְמַסָּעָיו by his journeyings (stages), so לְמַסְעֵיהֶם Exodus 17:1 +; Genesis 13:17 go through the land לְאָרְכָּהּ וּלְרָחְבָּהּ according to (that is to the full extent of) its length and breadth (compare Habakkuk 1:6); Genesis 41:47 לִקְמָצִים by handfuls, Numbers 24: Numbers 24:2 + לִשְׁבָטָיו by its tribes, I Samuel 29:2 עברים למאות ולאלפים by hundreds and thousands, II Samuel 18:4, לְעָרֶיהָ Numbers 32:33 Joshua 18:9; Judges 19:19 לַעֲצָמֶיהָ according to her bones (that is limb by limb), Ezekiel 24:6 לִנְתָחֶיהָ piece by piece; Psalms 140:12 to hunt לְמַדְחֵפוֹת thrust-wise, with thrust upon thrust, Isaiah 27:12 לְאַחַד אֶחָד (Gesenius Ewald) by one, one (that is one by one); hence, especially with plurals, it acquires sometimes a distributive force, as לַבְקָרִים Isaiah 33:2 by mornings = every morning (compare 6), so לַבְּקָרִים Psalms 73:14; Psalms 101:8 +, לִרְגָעִים Isaiah 27:3 + every moment, לֶחֳדָשִׁים Isaiah 47:13 every month, Ezekiel 47:12 I Kings 10:22 אַחַת לְשָׁלוֹשׁ שָׁנִים once every three years, Amos 4:4 לשׁלשׁת ימים every three days (but see Wellhausen), I Chronicles 9:25; in Chr לשׁער ושׁער, לעיר ועיר, II Chronicles 8:14; II Chronicles 19:5, II Chronicles 26:11. (b) denoting the principle, with regard to which an act is done, לְמִסְפַּר according to the number of … Deuteronomy 32:8 Judges 21:23 +, Isaiah 11:3 to judge לְמַרְאֵה עֵינָיו, לְמִשְׁמע אָזְנָיו according to that which his eyes see, his ears hear (compare Leviticus 13:12 Job 42:5), Job 28:26, Job 32:1 a king will reign לְצֶדֶק according to justice (‖ לְמשׁפט), Job 42:3 לֶאֱמֶת = faithfully, Jeremiah 9:2 לֶאֱמוּנָה = honestly, Job 15:15; Job 30:11 (= Jeremiah 46:28) וְיִסַּרְתִּיךָ לַמִּשְׁפָּט (synon. Jeremiah 10:24 בְּמשׁפט), Hosea 10:12 (‖ לְפִי) Joel 2:23 לִצְדָקָה; Genesis 38:24 pregnant לִזְנוּנִים = unchastely, Numbers 15:24 לשׁגגה by error (elsewhere בשׁגגה), II Chronicles 30:3; II Chronicles 35:8, Song of Songs 7:10 flowing down למישׁרים straightly (Proverbs 23:31 ב׳), לָרֹב Job 26:3 II Chronicles 14:14, poet. לְמַכְבּיר Job 36:31 in abundance, לְאַט = gently II Samuel 18:5 +; Exodus 16:3 Psalms 78:25 לָשׂבַע according to satiety; לְרֶגֶל according to the foot (pace) of Genesis 33:14 + (v רֶגֶל); I Samuel 23:20 לְכָל־אַוַּת נַפְשְׁךָ (Deuteronomy 12:15 al. בְּ׳), II Samuel 15:11 לְתֻמָּם according to their simplicity, that is unsuspectingly (so I Kings 22:34), I Kings 9:11 לְכָל־חֶפְצוֹ, Isaiah 54:16 Ezekiel 22:6 לִזְרֹעוֹ, Job 12:5 Psalms 119:91, Psalms 119:154 לְאִמְרַֽתְךָ (‖ כְּ׳ v Psalms 119:58, Psalms 119:116, Psalms 119:170), Ecclesiastes 1:10 long ago לְעולמים according to (measured by) the ages etc. (v Hitzig): so also in the phr. לְפִי חֶרֶב according to a sword’s mouth, that is as the sword would devour, without quarter, Joshua 6:21 + often לְפִי … itself also, in various figuratively applications, has the force of according to, Genesis 47:12, etc. (see פֶּה); and in לְאֵל יָדְֽךָ (אֵין) יֵשׁ it is (not) according to the power of thy hand (see p. 43). Similarly Deuteronomy 11:11 לִמְטַר הַשָּׁמַיִם after the manner of the rain of heaven, that is as the rain permits (opposite to the artificial irrigation of v Deuteronomy 11:10), Judges 21:12 + לְמִשְׁכַּב זָכָר, Ezekiel 12:12 לַעַיִן that is as the eye sees it.

designating a condition or state: לָבֶטַח in a state of confidence = confidently, Leviticus 25:18 + often; לְבָדָד, לְבַד, in a state of separation (= apart), so לְבַדּוֹ (see pp. 94, 95); לְשָׁלוֹם Genesis 44:17 +, לְפֶתַע suddenly †Isaiah 29:5; Isaiah 30:13; לִבְלִי in a condition of no … = without, Isaiah 5:14 + (see בלי), so לְאֵין … (late, see p. 35), לְלֹא †II Chronicles 15:3; further Isaiah 1:5 לָחֳלִי in a state of sickness, Isaiah 50:11 לְמַעֲצֵבָה, Psalms 45:15 לִרְקָמוֹת, Ezra 2:63 = Nehemiah 7:64 a priest לאורים ולתמים having relation to (that is with) U. and Th., II Chronicles 20:21 לְהַדְרַת קֹדֶשׁ = in holy adornment (compare בְּ׳ Psalms 29:2; Psalms 96:9). And of a concomitant circumstance (Germ. bei), in presence of, at, Job 29:3 לְאוֹרוֹ, Habakkuk 3:11, לקול … Job 21:2 Ezra 3:13.

towards, against, sometimes with collat. idea of in view of, much rarer than בְּ, but expressing concurrence (at) rather than duration (in): Genesis 3:8 לְרוּחַ הַיּום at the breeze of the day, לְעֵת in various connexions, as לְעֵת עֶרֶב Genesis 8:11 + (see עֵת); לְעִתִּים מְזֻמָּנִים †Ezra 10:14 Nehemiah 10:35; בַּצָּרָה לְעִתּוֹת† Psalms 9:10; Psalms 10:1; לְיוֹם … at, on the day of, Psalms 81:4 Proverbs 7:20 Job 21:30 +, מה תעשׂו לְיוֹם … Isaiah 10:3 Hosea 9:5 (compare Jeremiah 5:31); לַיָּמִים אֲשֶׁר … †Ezekiel 22:14; לַיּוֹם אֲשֶׁר … †Malachi 3:17; לתשׁובת השׁנה II Samuel 11:1 +; לתקופת הימים †I Samuel 1:20, לתקופת השׁנה †II Chronicles 24:23 (Exodus 34:22 without לְ), (יָמִים) לְקֵץ שָׁנִים (late) II Chronicles 18:2 Nehemiah 13:6 Daniel 11:6, Daniel 11:13 (in early Hebrew מִקֵּץ יָמִים); לשׁנת … †II Chronicles 15:10; לַבֹּקֶר Psalms 30:6; Psalms 49:15 + (Exodus 34:2 after הֱיֵה נָכוֹן = against for; compare Exodus 19:11 Proverbs 21:31); (לַבְּקָרִים Isaiah 33:2, see 5 i); לערב Genesis 49:27 (‖ בבקר) +; לְמָחָר †Exodus 8:6 (in answer to v Exodus 8:5 לְמָתַי), v Exodus 8:19 Esther 5:12 (Numbers 11:18 Joshua 7:13 after הִתְקַדְּשׁוּ = against), לַמָּחֳרָת Jonah 4:7 (compare I Chronicles 29:21); לָאוֹר Job 24:14; לַמּוֹעֵד, לְמוֹעֵד …, Genesis 17:21 Exodus 23:15 +; לְפָנִים and לִפְנֵי before (often); לְאָחוֹר hereafter, †Isaiah 41:23; Isaiah 42:23; Psalms 32:6; with inf. (rare), in the phr. (עֶרֶב) לִפְנוֹת (הַ)בֹּקֶר Genesis 24:63 +, II Samuel 18:29 Isaiah 7:15 לְדַעְתּוֹ when he knoweth.

to denote the close of a period (rare), Genesis 7:4 לימים עוד שׁבעה, v Genesis 7:10 Exodus 19:15 II Samuel 13:23 Amos 4:4 לשׁלשׁת ימים (Wellhausen); Ezra 10:8, Ezra 10:9 Nehemiah 6:15 Daniel 12:7 (compare עַד Daniel 7:25) II Chronicles 21:19 (so Syriac see Payne Smith (Syriac Thesaurus) ܠ 5).

towards, to, Exodus 34:25 לא ילין לַבֹּקֶר (usually עַד, as Exodus 23:18), Deuteronomy 16:4 I Samuel 13:8 (after נוֹחַל), Amos 4:7 בעוד שׁלשׁה חדשׁים לַקָּצִיר to the harvest; often in the expressions לְעוֹלָם, לָנֶצַח, לְדוֹר וַדוֹר, לְדֹר דֹּר; rather differently in מִיּוֹם לָיוֹם Psalms 96:2 (‖ I Chronicles 16:23 אל), Esther 3:7 (that is passing from day to day), compare II Samuel 14:26 (Gie ^{30 f.}).

for, during, Isaiah 63:18 לַמִּצְעָר (si vera l.), II Chronicles 11:17 לשׁנים שׁלושׁ, II Chronicles 29:17.

most commonly the end or purpose of an action (= the Lat. gerund with ad, for example ad faciendum, to do): Genesis 1:17 and he placed them in the firmament לְהָאִיר וְלִמְשֹׁל … וּלְהַבְדִּיל to give light …, and to rule …, and to divide, etc., Genesis 2:15 set him in the garden לְעָבְדָהּ וּלְשָׁמְרָהּ to till it, and to keep it, v Genesis 2:19 brought them to Adam לִרְאוֹת to see, etc., + very often; Genesis 19:20 קְרֹבָה לָנוּס שָׁ֫מָּה near for fleeing thither, Ecclesiastes 3:2 עֵת לָלֶדֶת a time for bringing forth. The neg. is expressed by לְבִלְתִּי, q.see

with reference to, limiting or qualifying the idea expressed by the principal verb, and so resolvable sometimes into so as to, to, sometimes into in respect of, in:—(a) so as to, to, Deuteronomy 8:6 and keep the commands of לָלֶכֶת בִּדְרָכָיו וּלְיִרְאָה אֹתוֹ י׳ to walk in his ways, and to fear him, Deuteronomy 10:15; Deuteronomy 11:22; Deuteronomy 19:9 I Kings 2:3, I Kings 2:4; I Kings 11:2 I Samuel 20:20, I Samuel 20:36 Joel 2:26 אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה עִמָּכֶם לְהַפְלִיא so as to do wondrously, Ezekiel 5:6; Judges 5:18 עַם חֵרֵף נַפְשׁוֹ לָמוּת so as to die, for dying [not ‘unto death’], Judges 16:16 II Kings 20:1 חָלָה לָמוּת; Genesis 2:3 לַעֲשׂוֹת so as to make (or in making) which, he created; and in the very freq. לֵאמֹר, introducing the words spoken, so as to say = saying (Germ. indem er sagte), Genesis 1:22, etc. (b) in respect of, in (compare 5 e (b)) Genesis 34:7 I Samuel 12:17 your evil is great that ye have done לִשְׁאוֹל לכם מלך in asking for yourselves a king, v Genesis 34:29 I Samuel 14:33 the people sin against J. לאכל על־הדם in eating with the blood, I Samuel 19:5 II Samuel 19:7 II Kings 4:24 Jeremiah 44:18 Psalms 36:3; Psalms 63:3; Psalms 78:18; Psalms 101:8; Psalms 103:20 Nehemiah 13:18. And with the tert. compar., above, 5 e (b). Especially with verbs expressing what with us would be denoted by an adverb adjunct, but in Hebrew idiom forms the principal idea, as I Samuel 1:12 הִרְבְּתָה לְהִתְפַּלֵּל literally did much in respect of praying (= prayed long or much), Isaiah 55:7 בִּי יַרְבֶּה לִסְלוֹחַ +; II Kings 2:10 הִקְשִׁיתָ לִשְׁאוֹל thou hast done hardly in respect of asking (= asked a hard thing), I Kings 14:9 הֵרַע לַעֲשׂוֹת; so with הקריב Genesis 12:11, מִהַר Genesis 27:20, הרחיק Exodus 8:24 הֶעְפִּיל Numbers 14:44, הֵהִין Deuteronomy 1:41, בֹּשֵׁשׁ Judges 5:28, הפליא Judges 13:19 II Chronicles 26:15 (with passive verb), שׁוּב I Kings 13:17 Ezra 9:14, היטיב Jeremiah 1:12 + (without לְ I Samuel 16:17), העמיק Isaiah 29:15 +, קֵרֵב Ezekiel 36:9, הגדיל Joel 2:2 +, קִדַּמְתִּי לִבְרֹחַ Jonah 4:2, הגביהּ Psalms 113:5, השׁפיל v Psalms 113:6; Genesis 31:27 נַחְבֵּאתָ לִבְרֹחַ hast hidden thyself in regard to fleeing = hast fled secretly, II Samuel 19:4 וַיִּתְגַּנֵּב לָבוֹא = come in stealthily. (c) by an extension of (b), the inf. with לְ so forms the complement of a verb that, if the verb be trans., it becomes virtually its object: so very often with such verbs as הוסיף to add Genesis 4:2, Genesis 4:12, הֵחֵל to begin Genesis 6:1, חדל Genesis 11:8, יכל Genesis 13:6, מִהָר Genesis 18:7, נתן to permit Genesis 20:6, אבה Genesis 24:5, בקשׁ Exodus 2:15, מֵאֵן Exodus 7:14, למד Deuteronomy 14:23, חפץ Deuteronomy 25:8, ידע I Kings 5:20 (these all occur also without לְ); הואיל to undertake, consent, Genesis 18:27, Genesis 18:31, בִּלָּה to finish, תָּמַם Deuteronomy 2:16 (to come to an end in respect of), קִוָּה Isaiah 5:2; also צִוָּה Genesis 50:2, אָמַר Exodus 2:14, דִּמָּה Numbers 33:56, חשׁב I Samuel 18:26, יעץ Psalms 62:5, לִמֵּד Jeremiah 12:16, אָהֵב Hosea 12:8: Deuteronomy 10:12 what doth י׳ ask of thee כי אם ליראה except to fear etc.? (compare Micah 6:8 after דרשׁ without ל). (d) as the subj. of a sentence (rare): Isaiah 10:7 להשׁמיד בלבבו, I Chronicles 29:12; with טוב I Samuel 15:22 Psalms 118:8, Psalms 118:9 Ecclesiastes 7:2, Ecclesiastes 7:5 Proverbs 21:9 (usually without לְ, as v Proverbs 21:19; Proverbs 25:24 Exodus 14:12); compare Exodus 8:22 לא נכין לעשׁות כן; II Samuel 18:11 וְעָלַי לָתֵת, Nehemiah 13:13 Ezra 10:12; Micah 3:1 הלא לכם לדעת, Ezra 4:3 II Chronicles 13:5; II Chronicles 20:17; II Chronicles 26:18. (e) with יֵשׁ, אֵין (late), and (more rarely) לֹא, in sense of it is (not) possible to …, or (sometimes) there is no need to …: see יֵשׁ 2 c c (p. 442); אַיִן 5 (p. 34 b), adding Haggai 1:6 Esther 8:8 II Chronicles 22:9; לֹא 1 a b (p. 518): and compare Driver^{§ 202} Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 114 l Dav ^{§ 94 b, 95 b}. (f) with הָיָה, to express the idea of destination, as Numbers 24:22 יהיה לְבָעֵר וקין shall be for consuming, Deuteronomy 31:17 Isaiah 5:5; Isaiah 6:13; Isaiah 37:26 Ezekiel 30:16 Psalms 109:13 +. Cf. מֶה לַעֲשׂוֹת what is (was) to be done? Isaiah 5:4 K 4:13 II Chronicles 25:9 +(Driver^{§ 203}). (g) expressing (according to the context) tendency, intention, or obligation (the ‘periphrastic’ future):—Hosea 9:13 וְאֶפְרַיִם לְהוֹצִיא אֶל הוֹרֵג בָּנָיו is for bringing forth (= must bring forth), Isaiah 10:32 עוד היום בנֹב לעמד is he for tarrying (must he tarry), Isaiah 38:20 י׳ להושׁיעני, י׳ is (ready) to save me, Isaiah 44:14 (si vera l.), Jeremiah 51:49 Habakkuk 1:17 Psalms 32:9; Psalms 49:15 צוּרָם לְבַלּוֹת שְׁאוֹל = must Sheol waste away, Psalms 62:10 בְּמֹאזְנַיִם לַעֲלוֹת, Proverbs 18:24; Proverbs 19:8 שׁומר תבונה למצא טוב will be finding prosperity, Proverbs 20:25 Job 30:6 I Chronicles 22:5 (לִבְנוֹת), Ecclesiastes 3:15: of past time, Genesis 15:12 ויהי השׁמשׁ לבוא was about to go down, Joshua 2:5 I Samuel 14:21 (text. doubtful: Driver^{§ 206 Obs.}), II Chronicles 26:5 (strangely) ויהי לדרשׁ אלהים RV set himself to seek; usually without היה, II Samuel 4:10 אֲשֶׁר לְתִתִּי לוֹ to whom it was for my giving (I ought to have given), II Kings 13:19 לְהַכּוֹת percutiendum erat, I Chronicles 9:25, and more freely II Chronicles 11:22 כי להמליכו for (he was) for making him king, II Chronicles 12:12 ולא להשׁחית and was no longer for destroying him, II Chronicles 36:19(?): in a question, Genesis 30:15 וְלָקַחַת and art thou for taking? Esther 7:8 II Chronicles 19:2 הֲלָרָשָׁע לַעְזֹר wilt thou help the wicked? Cf. Driver^{§ 204}, Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 114 h-k, Dav ^{§ 94}. (h) with וְ, in contin. (mostly) of a finite verb or ptcp., Exodus 32:29 מַלְאוּ יֶדְכֶם … וְלָתֵת and be for placing etc. Leviticus 10:10 (?), I Samuel 8:12 יִקַּח … וְלָשׂוּם, Jeremiah 19:12 אעשׂה … וְלָתֵת, Jeremiah 44:14 Hosea 12:3 Psalms 25:14; Psalms 109:16 Job 34:8 Ecclesiastes 7:25; Ecclesiastes 9:1 (si vera l.), Daniel 12:11 Nehemiah 8:13 I Chronicles 10:13 II Chronicles 2:8; II Chronicles 7:17; II Chronicles 8:13; II Chronicles 30:9, Ezekiel 13:22; Amos 8:4 הַשֹּׁאֲפִים אֶבְיוֹן וְלַשְׁבִּית וג׳ and (that are) for making the poor to cease, Isaiah 44:28 הָאוֹמֵר … וְלֵאמֹר, Isaiah 56:6 Psalms 104:21 Jeremiah 17:10; Jeremiah 44:19 I Chronicles 6:34 (compare Driver^{§ 206} Dav ^{§ 96 R. 4}).—On לְמִן, see מִן.

with a verb; so most freq., and nearly always (a) with the finite tenses, whether pf. (Genesis 2:5; Genesis 4:5 etc.) or impf. (Genesis 3:4; Genesis 8:21, Genesis 8:22 etc.); in short circumst. clauses, as Genesis 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Isaiah 40:20 לֹא יִמּוֹט, and with a final force Isaiah 41:7 Exodus 28:32 (see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 156. 3 R. b, c Driver^{§ 162}). Governing two closely connected verbs (Driver^{§115, לא}) Exodus 28:43 וְלֹא יִשְׂאוּ עָוֹן וָמֵתוּ, Leviticus 19:12, Leviticus 19:29 b Deuteronomy 7:25, Deuteronomy 7:26; Deuteronomy 19:10; Deuteronomy 22:1 al.; and two parallel clauses (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 152. 3) Isaiah 23:4 Psalms 9:19; Psalms 44:19 Job 3:11 al. With the impf., especially with 2 ps., לֹא often expresses (not, like אַל, a deprecation, do not …, let not …, but) a prohibition, as Genesis 2:17 לֹא תֹאכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shalt not eat of it, Genesis 3:1, Genesis 3:3 Exodus 20:3 לֹא־יִהְיֶה לְךָ there shall not be to thee, etc., v Genesis 3:13 לא תגנב, etc. With the coh. and juss. moods (which are negatived regularly by אַל), it occurs only exceptionally (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) §109. 1 b R. 1), Genesis 24:8 I Samuel 14:36 II Samuel 17:12; II Samuel 18:14 I Kings 2:6 Ezekiel 48:14. (b) with the inf. (which is negatived by בִּלְתִּי, q.see), only once, in בְּלֹא (4 a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot, or must not; †Judges 1:19 כי לא להורושׁ for it was not (possible) to dispossess, etc. Amos 6:10 לא להזכיר בשׁם י׳, I Chronicles 5:1; I Chronicles 15:2 (Driver^{§ 202. 2}); compare Aramaic לָא Daniel 6:9 Ezra 6:8. On its use with the ptcp., see b c. (c) לא always negatives properly the word immed. following: hence, in a verbal sentence, where this is not the verb, some special stress rests upon it, Genesis 32:29 לֹא יַעֲקֹב יֵאָמֵר עוֹד וג׳ not Jacob shall thy name be called any more, but Israel, Genesis 45:8 לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי Not ye (in our idiom: It is not ye who) have sent me hither, but God, Exodus 16:8 I Samuel 8:7 כִּי לֹא אֹתְךָ מָאָסוּ כִּי אֹתִי וג׳, Psalms 115:17; without a following correcting clause, Genesis 38:9 Numbers 16:29 לֹא י׳ שְׁלָחָנִי ׃ Not י׳ (but another) hath sent me, Deuteronomy 32:27 לֹא י׳ פָּעַל זֹאת, I Chronicles 17:4 Deuteronomy 8:9 Isaiah 28:28 לא לנצח … not for ever (but only for a while) … (so Isaiah 57:16 Psalms 9:19; Psalms 49:20; Psalms 103:9; but Isaiah 13:20 לא תשׁב לנצח is, will not be inhabited for ever), Isaiah 43:22 Job 13:16; Job 32:9; hence rhetorically, insinuating something very different, not named, II Kings 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly), Ezra 10:13 Jeremiah 4:11 a wind לֹא לְזָרוֹת וְלוֹא לְהָבַֽר׃ not to winnow, and not to cleanse (but to exterminate), Isaiah 45:13; Isaiah 48:1 Joshua 24:12 Daniel 11:20, Daniel 11:29 Job 34:20 לֹא בְיָד (but by a Divine agency: compare Daniel 2:34; also Job 20:26 אֵשׁ לֹא נֻפָּ֑ח fire not blown upon [but kindled from heaven], Lamentations 4:6; and אין Isaiah 47:14). (d) standing alone: (a) אִם־לֹא if not, Genesis 18:21 וְאִם־לֹא אֵדָֽעָה׃, Genesis 24:49; Genesis 42:16 Job 9:24; Job 24:25; (β) הֲ … אִם־לֹא, or not, Genesis 24:21 waiting to know הַהִצְלִיחַ י׳ דַּדְכּוֹ אִם־לֹא, Genesis 27:21; Genesis 37:32 Exodus 16:4 Numbers 11:23 Deuteronomy 8:2 Judges 2:22 (compare אִם אַיִן, אַיִן 2 d β, δ). In answer to a question or request, to deny, or decline, Nay, Noldeke: Judges 12:5 ויאמר לא, Haggai 2:12; לא אדני Genesis 23:11; Genesis 42:10 I Samuel 1:15 +; often followed by כי, Noldeke: for … = Noldeke: but …, Genesis 18:15 ויאמר לֹא כִּי צָחָ֑קְתְּ, Genesis 19:2 Joshua 5:14; Joshua 24:21; I Samuel 2:16 Qr (see Driver), I Samuel 10:19 (Septuagint MSS), II Samuel 16:18; II Samuel 24:24 I Kings 3:22^(×2) +; Job 23:6 (strangely). (Cf., in deprecation, אַל.) (e) with an interrog. force, which however does not lie in לא as such, but (as in other cases) in the contrast with a preceding clause, or in the tone of voice (compare וְ 1 f; Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 324 a Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 150. 1 Driver I Samuel 11:12): Jonah 4:11 אַתָּה חַסְתָּ … וַאֲנִי לֹא אָחוּס וג׳, Job 2:10; Job 22:11; Exodus 8:22; II Kings 5:26 Jeremiah 49:9 (‖ Obadiah 1:5 הֲלוֹא), Malachi 2:15 Lamentations 3:38; and in passages, exeg. or text. doubtful (see Comm.), I Samuel 20:14 II Samuel 23:5 (but see Budde), Hosea 10:9 (Ewald Wellhausen), Hosea 11:5 (Ewald), Job 14:16 (but Septuagint Ewald Dillmann תַעֲבֹר), Lamentations 1:12 (Ewald Ke), Lamentations 3:36 (Ke Bä).

with adjs. and substs.: (a) Genesis 2:18 לֹא טוֹב הֱיוֹת הָאָדָם לְבַדּוֹ not good is man’s being alone, Exodus 18:17 + often (b) Exodus 4:16 לֹא אִישׁ דְּבָרִים אָנֹכִי, Amos 7:14 לא נביא אנכי, Numbers 23:19 לֹא אִישׁ אֵל וִיכַזֵּב, Deuteronomy 17:15 (see אשׁר 2 b) Deuteronomy 20:20; Deuteronomy 32:47 I Samuel 15:29 II Samuel 18:20 לֹא אִישׁ בְּשֹׂרָה אַתָּה הַיּוֹם, II Samuel 21:2 I Kings 22:33 II Kings 6:19 לא זֹה הדרך, Micah 2:10 Isaiah 27:11 Hosea 8:6; והמה לא אלהים Jeremiah 2:11; Jeremiah 16:20 II Kings 19:18; I Kings 19:11^(×2) לֹא בָרַעַשׁ י׳, Deuteronomy 30:12, Deuteronomy 30:13 Job 15:9; Job 28:14 לֹא בִי הִיא (‖ אֵין עִמָּדִי), Psalms 74:9 Jeremiah 5:10 לוא לי׳ המה, Jeremiah 10:16; Deuteronomy 32:21 בָּנִים לֹא אֵמוּן בָּם, Jeremiah 10:14 Habakkuk 1:14 Job 16:17; Job 38:26 מִדְבָּר לֹא אָדָם בּוֹ; I Kings 22:17 לֹא אֲדֹנִים לָאֵלֶּה, Jeremiah 49:31 Psalms 22:3 וְלֹא דוּמִיָּה לִי, Job 18:17, Job 18:19; Job 29:12 ולא עֹזֵר לו, Job 30:13; Job 33:9; Jeremiah 2:19 וְלֹא פַחְדָּתִי אֵלַיִךְ and (that) my terror reached not unto thee, Job 21:9; absolute Genesis 29:7 לֹא־עֵת הֵאָסֵף הַמִּקְנֶה (Haggai 1:2), Numbers 20:5 II Kings 4:23 לא חדשׁ ולא שׁבת, Isaiah 44:19 Jeremiah 5:12 ויאמרו לוא הוא, Job 9:32; Job 22:16; Job 36:26 (?) Job 41:2; Proverbs 19:7 (si vera l.) מְרַדֵּף אֲמָרִים לֹא־הֵמָּה words which are not, which are nought. (c) with the ptcp. לֹא is rare, a finite verb being usually preferred (Exodus 34:7 וְנַקֵּה לֹא יְנַקֶּה: Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 320 c Driver^{§ 162}): II Samuel 3:34 יָדֶיךָ לֹא אֲסֻרוֹת, Ezekiel 4:14; Ezekiel 22:24 Deuteronomy 28:61 Psalms 38:15 כְּאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר לֹא שֹׁמֵעַ who is not hearing, Job 12:3; Job 13:2 לֹא נֹפֵל אָנֹכִי מִכֶּם, Zephaniah 3:5 (very anom.); I Kings 10:21 לא is probably textual error. In וְהוּא לֹא שֹׂנֵא לוֹ or לא שׂנא הוא לו, Deuteronomy 4:42; Deuteronomy 19:4, Deuteronomy 19:6 Joshua 20:5 (compare אֹיֵב Numbers 35:23), שׂנֵא is best construed as a noun, he being a not-hater to him aforetime.—In most of the cases under b, c, אין could have been employed; but the negation by לֹא is more pointed and forcible.

coupled to an adjective to negative it, like the Gk. ἀ—, but usually by way of litotes: Hosea 13:13 בן לא־חכם an unwise son, Psalms 36:5 דֶּרֶךְ לֹא טוֹב a way not good, Psalms 43:1 גוי לא חסיד, Proverbs 16:29; Proverbs 30:25, Proverbs 30:26 Ezekiel 20:25 II Chronicles 30:17: Isaiah 16:14 לוֹא כַבִּיר, compare Isaiah 10:7 לֹא מְעַט.

with a ptcp. Jeremiah 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה, Jeremiah 18:15 (the finite verb is more common: see Isaiah 62:12 עִיר לֹא נֶעֱזָ֫בָה (compare Isaiah 54:11), Jeremiah 6:8 אֶרֶץ לוֹא נוֹשָׁ֫בָה, Jeremiah 15:18; Jeremiah 22:6; Jeremiah 31:18 Zephaniah 2:1).

†Genesis 15:13 בארץ לא להם, Jeremiah 5:19 Habakkuk 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֹת לֹא־לוֹ, Proverbs 26:17 רִיב לֹא־לוֹ.

with a noun, in poetry, forming a kind of compound, expressing pointedly its antithesis or negation (Germ. un- is sometimes used similarly): Deuteronomy 32:5 (?), Deuteronomy 32:17, Deuteronomy 32:21 a they made me jealous בְּלֹא אֵל with a not-God (with what in no respect deserved the name of God), v b בְּלֹא עָם that is with an unorganized horde, Amos 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר that is at a thing wh. is not, an unreality (of their boasted strength), Isaiah 10:15 כְּהָרִים מַטֶּה לֹא עֵץ like a rod’s lifting up what is no wood (but the agent wielding it), Isaiah 31:8 חרב לא אישׁ, חרב לא אדם, Isaiah 55:2 בלוא לחם for what is not bread, בלוא לשׂבעה for what is not for satiety, Jeremiah 5:7 וַיּשָּֽׁבְעוּ בְּלֹא אֱלֹהִים by not-goods, in late prose II Chronicles 13:9 כֹּהֵן לְלֹא אֱלֹהִים; Psalms 44:13 תִּמְכֹּר עַמְּךָ בְּלֹא־הוֹן for no-value (that is cheaply), Proverbs 13:23 Job 10:22 צלמות וְלֹא סְדָרִים darkness and disorder; so לֹא־עַמִּי Hosea 1:9; Hosea 2:25: still more pregnantly Job 26:2 מֶה־עָזַרְתָּ לְלֹא־כֹחַ (poet. for לאשׁר אין לו כח) the powerless, v Job 26:2, Job 26:3 (Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 286 g Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 152. 1 n.), Job 39:16 הִקְשִׁיחַ בָּנֶיהָ לְלֹא לָהּ useth hardly her young ones (making them) into none of hers; and even Habakkuk 2:6 הַמַּרְבֶּה לֹא־לוֹ what is not his own (compare Job 18:15 מִבְּלִי לוֹ). Cf. with a verb, and ellipse of אשׁר, Isaiah 65:1 לְלֹא שָׁאָ֑לוּ to those who have not asked, v b Jeremiah 2:8 אַחֲרֵי לֹא יוֹעִילוּ, v Jeremiah 2:11; also לֹא רֻחָ֫מָה Hosea 1:6, Hosea 1:8; Hosea 2:25, and probably Job 31:31 לֹא נִשְׂבָּ֑ע (pf. in p.) one not satisfied.

in circ. clauses (Driver^{§ 164}), poet. and rare: qualifying a noun, II Samuel 23:4 בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֹת a morning without clouds, Job 12:24 בְּתֹהוּ לֹא דֶרֶךְ in a pathless waste, Job 38:26; and a verb Job 34:24 יָרֹעַ כַּבִּירִים לֹא חֵקֶר without inquiry, Psalms 59:4 לא פשׁעי ולא חטאתי (compare v Psalms 59:4 בלי עון), in late prose, twice, I Chronicles 2:30, I Chronicles 2:32 וימת לא בנים (אֵין and בְּלִי, q.see, are more usual in such cases).

†בְּלֹא₃₁ (chiefly poet. or late), according to the varying signif. of בְּ: (a) usually with not = without, Jeremiah 22:13 בונה ביתו בלא־צדק without justice (‖ בלא משׁפט; so Ezekiel 22:29 Proverbs 16:8), Isaiah 55:1, Isaiah 55:1 Proverbs 19:2, Job 8:11 הֲיִגְאֶה־גֹּמֶא בְּלֹא בִצָּה without mire (‖ בלי מים), Job 30:28 בְּלֹא חַמָּה (= not through the sun), Lamentations 1:6 וילכו בלא־כח, Numbers 35:22 בְּלֹא אֵיבָה … בְּלֹא צְדִיָּה, v Numbers 35:23 (followed by inf.) בְּלֹא רְאוֹת, II Chronicles 21:20 Ecclesiastes 10:11; Psalms 17:1 תְּפִלָּתִי בְּלֹא שִׂפְתֵי מִרְמָה; used more freely in Chr, I Chronicles 12:18 בְּלֹא חָמָס בְּכַפָּֽי׃, v I Chronicles 12:34 בְּלֹא לֵב וָלֵב, II Chronicles 30:18 בְּלֹא כַכָּתוּב. With ellipse of rel., Lamentations 4:14 בְּלֹא יוּכְלוּ יִגְּעוּ without (that) men are able to touch, etc. (b) of time, in not, that is outside of, Leviticus 15:25 בלא עֶת־נִדָּתָתּ, before Job 15:32 בלא־יומו, Ecclesiastes 7:17 בְּלֹא עִתֶּךְ ׃. (c) where לֹא belongs to the following word, and is only accidentally preceded by ב (see above 2 d), Deuteronomy 32:21^(×2) Jeremiah 5:7 Proverbs 13:23 בלא משׁפט through injustice; with בְּ pretii, Psalms 44:13 Isaiah 55:2^(×2) Jeremiah 2:11 בְּלוֹא יוֹעִיל for (that which) profiteth not.

הֲלֹא nonne? Genesis 4:7 + often Inviting, as it does, an affirmative answer, it is often used, (a) especially in conversation, for pointing to a fact in such a way as to arouse the interest of the person addressed, or to win his assent: Genesis 13:9 Is not the whole land before thee? Genesis 19:20; Genesis 20:5; Genesis 27:36; Genesis 29:25 Exodus 4:11 Who maketh dumb or deaf, etc.? Do not I? Exodus 33:16 Judges 4:6, Judges 4:14; Judges 8:2; Judges 9:28, Judges 9:38 I Samuel 9:20, I Samuel 9:21; I Samuel 15:17 etc.; with a verb in 1 ps., Joshua 1:9 הלא צויתיך, Judges 6:14 הלא שׁלחתיך, I Samuel 20:30; II Samuel 19:23 Ruth 2:9: similarly in a poet. or rhet. style, Judges 5:30 הלא ימצאו יחלקו שׁלל, Isaiah 8:19; Isaiah 10:8, Isaiah 10:9, Isaiah 10:11; Isaiah 28:25; Isaiah 29:17; Isaiah 40:21, Isaiah 40:23; Isaiah 42:24; Isaiah 43:19 etc., Job 4:6, Job 4:21; Job 7:1; Job 10:10, Job 10:20, etc. (β) it has a tendency to become little more than an affirm. particle, declaring with some rhetor. emph. what is, or might be, well known: Deuteronomy 3:11 הֲלֹה הִיא בְרַבַּת בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן, Deuteronomy 11:30 I Samuel 21:12 הלוא זה דוד וג׳ (compare I Samuel 29:3, I Samuel 29:5 II Samuel 11:3), II Samuel 23:19; I Samuel 26:1 II Samuel 15:35; it is thus nearly = הִנֵּה (Septuagint sometimes represents it by ἰδού, as Joshua 1:9 Judges 6:14 Ruth 2:9 II Samuel 15:35); so especially in the phrase of the compiler of K, And the rest of the acts of … הֲלֹא הֵם (הֵמָּה) כְּתוּבִים are they not written in, etc.? I Kings 11:41; I Kings 14:29 + often (with which there interchanges הִנָּם כְּתוּבִים I Kings 14:19 II Kings 15:11; II Kings 15:26, II Kings 15:31, which is generally used by the Chr, II Chronicles 16:11; II Chronicles 20:34, etc.), Joshua 10:13 (compare II Samuel 1:18 הִנֵּה), I Kings 8:53 Septuagint, Esther 10:2; Psalms 56:14 (strangely: contr. Psalms 116:8).—הֲלֹא הִנֵּה †Habakkuk 2:13 II Chronicles 25:26 (הִנָּם).—On Judges 14:15, see הֲ 1 end.

†וָלֹ֕א and not = and if not, II Samuel 13:26 II Kings 5:17. Comp. וָיֵשׁ.

†כְּלוֹא Obadiah 1:16 והיו כלוא היו, poet. for כאשׁר, as though they had not been.

†לְלֹא without, literally in the condition of no … II Chronicles 15:3 (comp. לְאֵין, also in Chr). Elsewhere לא belongs to the following word, Amos 6:13 II Chronicles 13:9 Isaiah 65:1^(×2) Job 26:2, Job 26:3; Job 39:16 (see above 2 d).

the inner man in contrast with the outer, כלה שׁארי ולבבי my flesh and my heart (soul) doth fail Psalms 73:26; antithesis with garments Joel 2:13; hands Psalms 73:13 Lamentations 3:41 (?); eyes Numbers 15:39 I Samuel 16:7; ears Ezekiel 3:10; mouth Deuteronomy 30:14; speech Psalms 28:3; Psalms 78:18; מְתֹפֲפֹת עַל־לִבְבֵהֶן tabering upon their breasts Nahum 2:7 (inner for outer).

the inner man, indef. the soul, comprehending mind, affections and will, or, in connexion with certain verbs, having more specific reference to some one of them. בכל־לבב ובכל־נפשׁ with all the heart and with all the soul Deuteronomy 4:29; Deuteronomy 6:5; Deuteronomy 10:12; Deuteronomy 11:13; Deuteronomy 13:4; Deuteronomy 26:16; Deuteronomy 30:2, Deuteronomy 30:6, Deuteronomy 30:10 Joshua 22:5; Joshua 23:14; I Kings 2:4; I Kings 8:48 (= II Chronicles 6:38 לב?) II Kings 23:25; II Chronicles 15:12; II Chronicles 34:31 (= II Kings 23:3 לב?) Jeremiah 32:41; abbr. בכל־לבב I Samuel 7:3; I Samuel 12:20, I Samuel 12:24 I Kings 14:8; II Kings 10:31; II Chronicles 15:15; II Chronicles 22:9; II Chronicles 31:21 Psalms 86:12; Psalms 111:1; Jeremiah 29:13; Joel 2:12; אשׁר בלבב what is in the heart (mind) Deuteronomy 8:2 I Samuel 9:19; I Samuel 14:7; II Samuel 7:3 (= I Chronicles 17:2) II Kings 10:30; II Chronicles 32:31; compare Job 10:13, Psalms 84:6 (?); עם לבב with the heart (mind), c. ידע Deuteronomy 8:5, שִׂיחַ Psalms 77:7, usually c. (היה), of a thought or purpose, Deuteronomy 15:9; Joshua 14:7; I Kings 8:17, I Kings 8:18^(×2) (= II Chronicles 6:7, II Chronicles 6:8^(×2)) II Chronicles 10:2 (= II Chronicles 9:1) I Chronicles 22:7; I Chronicles 28:2; II Chronicles 1:11; II Chronicles 29:10 (compare II Chronicles 24:4 לב); כלבב according to the heart I Samuel 13:14; I Samuel 14:7 Psalms 20:5. Wellhausen may add Deuteronomy 5:23; Deuteronomy 11:16, Deuteronomy 11:18; Deuteronomy 17:17; I Samuel 2:35; II Samuel 19:15; I Kings 8:39^(×2) (= II Chronicles 6:30^(×2)) I Kings 11:2, I Kings 11:3 (לב an error) v I Kings 11:4, I Kings 11:9; I Chronicles 12:17; I Chronicles 22:19; I Chronicles 28:9 Psalms 62:9; Psalms 86:11; Psalms 139:23; Isaiah 7:2; Daniel 11:27, Daniel 11:28.

specific ref. to mind (characteristic of לבב):

spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions, determinations of the will (characteristic of ל׳): הכין ל׳ set the mind, c. אֶל I Samuel 7:3; I Chronicles 29:18, לְ II Chronicles 20:33 לדרשׁ II Chronicles 19:3; II Chronicles 30:19; Ezra 7:10; הטה ל׳ אֶל Joshua 24:23 I Kings 8:58; נתן ל׳ לדרשׁ I Chronicles 22:19, compare II Chronicles 11:16; ל׳ פנה מעם mind turn away from Deuteronomy 29:17; Deuteronomy 30:17; יֵהָפֵךְ ל׳ פ׳ Pharaoh’s mind was changed Exodus 14:5.

spec. ref. to conscience לא יחרף לבבי my heart (conscience) shall not reproach me Job 27:6.

spec. ref. to moral character (characteristic of ל׳): God tries the ל׳ I Chronicles 29:17:

= the man himself (meaning characteristic of נֶפֶשׁ) אמר בל׳ say in the heart (to oneself) Deuteronomy 7:17; Deuteronomy 8:17; Deuteronomy 9:4; Deuteronomy 18:21 Psalms 4:5 Isaiah 14:3; Isaiah 47:8; Isaiah 49:21; Jeremiah 5:24; Jeremiah 13:22; Zephaniah 1:12; Zephaniah 2:15; ללבב Hosea 7:2 (?); דבר בל׳ Psalms 15:2; ברכו בל׳ Job 1:5; התברך בל׳ Deuteronomy 29:18 יְחִי לְבַבְכֶם let your heart (you yourselves) live Psalms 22:27; Psalms 69:33 (compare Psalms 119:175).

spec. as the seat of the appetites (for which usually נֶפֶשׁ) סעד ל׳ stay the heart (with food) Psalms 104:15 Judges 19:8 (?); יִיטַב לְבָבֶ֑ךָ that thine heart may be merry (with wine) Judges 19:9 (?); יַיִן יְשַׂמַּח ל׳ wine gladdens the heart Psalms 104:15.

spec. of seat of the emotions and passions (for which usually נפשׁ):

seat of courage (for which usually רוּחַ), יָעֵר כֹּחוֹ וּלְבָבוֹ stir up his power and his courage Daniel 11:25; יַאֲמֵץ לְבַבְכֶם let your heart take courage Psalms 31:25.

the inner man in contrast with outer לבי ובשׂרי ירננו my heart and my flesh cry out Psalms 84:3; ‖ מעים Psalms 22:15 Jeremiah 4:19, the inner for outer מעים Jeremiah 49:22; as within the breast על לב Exodus 28:3, Exodus 28:29, Exodus 28:30^(×2); מלב II Kings 9:24; בלב Psalms 37:15 II Samuel 18:14; סְגוֹר לִבָּם Hosea 13:8; antithesis with בָּשָׂר Proverbs 14:30 Ecclesiastes 2:3; head Isaiah 1:5, face Ezekiel 14:3, Ezekiel 14:4, Ezekiel 14:7; arm Song of Songs 8:6; hands Ezekiel 22:14; bones Psalms 102:5; eyes I Kings 9:3 (= II Chronicles 7:16) Jeremiah 22:17; ear Proverbs 22:17; Proverbs 23:12; mouth Psalms 55:22; lips Isaiah 29:13; אֲנִי יְשֵׁינָה וְלִבִּי עֵר I slept but my heart waked Song of Songs 5:2.

the inner man, indef., soul, comprehending mind, affections and will, with occasional emphasis of one or the other by means of certain verbs: † בכל לב I Kings 8:23 (= II Chronicles 6:14) Psalms 9:2; Psalms 119:2, Psalms 119:10, Psalms 119:34, Psalms 119:58, Psalms 119:69, Psalms 119:145; Psalms 138:1 Proverbs 3:5 Jeremiah 3:10; Jeremiah 24:7; †עם לב II Chronicles 24:4 (see לבב 2); † כלב II Samuel 7:21 (= I Chronicles 17:19) Jeremiah 3:15; תַּעֲלֻמוֹת לֵב secrets of the heart Psalms 44:22; לֵב מְלָכִים אֵין חֵקֶר the heart of kings is unsearchable Proverbs 25:3; הַיֹּצֵר יַחַד לִבָּם Psalms 33:15 etc.

specific reference to mind:

spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions and determinations of the will; †הכין לב set the mind II Chronicles 12:14 Psalms 10:17; Psalms 78:8; Job 11:13; †נכון לב Psalms 57:8^(×2) (= Psalms 108:2) Psalms 78:37; Psalms 112:7; †נתן לב לְ Ecclesiastes 1:13, Ecclesiastes 1:17; Ecclesiastes 7:21; Ecclesiastes 8:9, Ecclesiastes 8:16; Proverbs 23:26 Daniel 10:12; † נתן אל לב Ecclesiastes 7:2; Ecclesiastes 9:1; Nehemiah 2:12; Nehemiah 7:5 differ from Ecclesiastes 7:2; Ecclesiastes 9:1 (the ‘heart’ here not being the subject’s). בלב Exodus 35:34 Ezra 7:27 Ecclesiastes 3:11; †אֲשֶׁר־נְשָׂאוֹ לִבּוֹ whose heart stirred him up Exodus 35:21; Exodus 36:2 compare Exodus 35:26 (all P); †נְדִיב לֵב willing of mind Exodus 35:5, Exodus 35:22 II Chronicles 29:31 compare Exodus 25:2; Exodus 35:29: †אחרי נטה לב inclined to follow Judges 9:3 Psalms 119:112; Proverbs 2:2; †הטה לב I Kings 11:3 Psalms 119:36; Psalms 141:4 compare II Samuel 15:13:—גְּדֹלִים חִקְקֵי־לֵב great resolves of heart Judges 5:15 etc.

spec. ref. to conscience, וַיַּךְ לֵב דָּוִד אֹתוֹ and David’s heart (conscience) smote him I Samuel 24:6; מִכְשׁוֹל לֵב offence of conscience I Samuel 25:31; compare Ecclesiastes 7:22.

spec. ref. to moral character, God tries the heart Psalms 17:3 Jeremiah 12:3; sees the heart and reins Jeremiah 20:12, tries them Psalms 7:10 Jeremiah 11:20, refines them Psalms 26:2; searches the heart and tries the reins Jeremiah 17:10.

for the man himself, † אמר בלב Genesis 17:17, Genesis 27:41, I Kings 12:26 Esther 6:6 Psalms 10:6, Psalms 10:11, Psalms 10:13; Psalms 14:1 (= Psalms 53:2) Psalms 35:25; Psalms 74:8; Ecclesiastes 2:1, Ecclesiastes 2:15; Ecclesiastes 3:17, Ecclesiastes 3:18; Isaiah 47:10; Obadiah 1:3; Zechariah 12:5; אֶל־לב Genesis 8:21 I Samuel 27:1; † דבּר בלב Ecclesiastes 2:15; אֶל־לב Genesis 24:45; עַל לב I Samuel 1:13 (?); עִם לב Ecclesiastes 1:16; נְאֻם־פֶּשַׁע לָרָשָׁע בְּקֶרֶב לִבִּי Psalms 36:2.

as seat of appetites, סְעַד לב stay the heart (with bread) Genesis 18:5 Judges 19:5 Psalms 104:15.

as seat of the emotions and passions:

seat of courage: יַאֲמֵץ לִבֶּ֑ךָ let thine heart take courage Psalms 27:14; אַמִּיץ לִבּוֹ Amos 2:16; אַבִּירֵי לֵב stout-hearted Psalms 76:6; Isaiah 46:12; לִבּוֹ יָצוּק כְּמוֹ־אֶבֶן his heart as firm as a stone Job 41:16; לִבּוֹ כְּלֵב הָאַרְיֵה his heart as the heart of the lion II Samuel 17:10; compare אֶת־לִבּוֹ מָצָא II Samuel 7:27, מְלָאוֹ לִבּוֹ לְ׳ Esther 7:5 (compare Ecclesiastes 8:11).

literally put on (one’s own) garment (direct object) Genesis 38:19; I Samuel 28:8; II Samuel 14:2; I Kings 22:30 = II Chronicles 18:29, Exodus 29:30; Leviticus 6:3, Leviticus 6:4; Leviticus 16:4^(×2), Leviticus 16:23, Leviticus 16:24, Leviticus 16:32; Leviticus 21:10; Deuteronomy 22:5; Ezekiel 44:17, Ezekiel 44:19, and so Ezekiel 42:14 Qr (see above), Jonah 3:5; Song of Songs 5:3; Esther 4:1; Esther 5:1; with a direct object garment + עַל־בְּשָׂרוֹ Leviticus 16:3; of putting on armour Jeremiah 46:4; = wear (more or less habitually), with a direct object of garment, Isaiah 4:1; Deuteronomy 22:11; Zephaniah 1:8; Zechariah 13:4; of Jerus. under figuratively of woman Jeremiah 4:30, of rulers under figuratively of shepherds Ezekiel 34:3, compare כֵּן תִּלְבַּשְׁןָ II Samuel 13:18 (no direct object)

very often figuratively, put on, be clothed with, with a direct object of garment;—לָבַשׁ בְּשָׂרִי רִמָּה Job 7:5 my flesh is clothed (that is covered) with worms; of Jerus., be clothed with inhabitants Isaiah 49:18; of pasture, with flocks Psalms 65:14; more often the garment is some abstract quality, for example righteousness, majesty, beauty, strength, etc.;—וַיִּלְבַּשׁ צְדָקָה כַּשִּׁרְיָן Isaiah 59:17 he (י׳) hath put on righteousness as a breastplate, compare v Isaiah 59:17 (vengeance), Psalms 93:1 (majesty), v Psalms 93:1 (strength), Psalms 104:1 (honour and majesty), Isaiah 51:9 (strength); also Job 40:10; said of men, II Chronicles 6:41 (salvation), Psalms 132:9 (righteousness), Job 29:14 (the same); of Zion Isaiah 52:1^(×2); also in bad sense, clothed with terror, trembling, shame, etc., Ezekiel 7:27; Ezekiel 26:16; Job 8:22; Psalms 35:26; Psalms 109:29, compare v Psalms 109:18 (cursing).

literally put on, obj. om., נָתַן … בֶּגֶד לִלְבּשׁ Genesis 28:20 Job 27:17; infinitive (מקור) absolute לָבוֹשׁ Haggai 1:6 (there is) a clothing, but he has nothing for warmth.

once c. בְּ, לְבוּשׁ … אֲשֶׁר לָבַשׁ בּוֹ Esther 6:8.

participle (בינוני) passive, clothed with, chiefly Ezek.;—with a direct object of garment, Ezekiel 9:2, Ezekiel 9:3; Zechariah 3:3; Proverbs 31:21; Daniel 10:5; of wearing armour I Samuel 17:5; construct before garment, לְבֻשׁ הַבַּדִּים Ezekiel 9:11; Ezekiel 10:2, Ezekiel 10:6, Ezekiel 10:7, compare Ezekiel 23:6, Ezekiel 23:12; Ezekiel 38:4; Daniel 12:6, Daniel 12:7.

figuratively:—וְרוּחַ י׳ לָֽבְשָׁה אֶת־גִּדְע֑וֹן Judges 6:34 and the spirit of י׳ clothed itself with Gideon, that is (GFM) took possession of him (compare ܠܒܺܝܫ possessed); so I Chronicles 12:18; II Chronicles 24:20; צֶדֶק לָבַשְׁתִּי וַיִּלְבָּשֵׁנִי Job 29:14 and it clothed itself in me, as it were, became incarnate in me.

usually c. 2 direct object,

with a direct object garment only, Genesis 27:16 (+ עַל־יָדָיו); figuratively, Proverbs 23:21.

with a direct object person only Genesis 3:21; Genesis 27:15 II Chronicles 28:15^(×2) Esther 4:4; Esther 6:9, Esther 6:11.

followed by pf. (so mostly), Deuteronomy 32:29 לו חכמו ישׂכילו זאת if they had been wise (which they are not), they would understand this; Micah 2:11 (apod. וְהָיָה); Judges 8:19; Judges 13:23 לו חפץ י׳ להמיתנו לא לקח if J. had desired to slay us, he would not have taken, &c. I Samuel 14:30 II Samuel 19:7.

followed by impf. Ezekiel 14:15 if I were to send, &c. (but read probably אוֹ, compare v Ezekiel 14:17, Ezekiel 14:19).

followed by ptcp., II Samuel 18:12 וְלֻא אָנֹכִי שֹׁקֵל and though I should be weighing 1000 pieces of silver upon my hand, I would not, &c. Psalms 81:14-17 לו עמי שֹׁמֵעַ לי if my people were hearkening to me, … quickly would I bow down, &c.

followed by יֵשׁ Job 16:4.—With the apod. omitted, Genesis 50:15 לוּ יִשְׁמְמֵנוּ if Joseph were to hate us (how should we fare then?).

Levi, son of Jacob and Leah, as individual, Genesis 29:34; Genesis 34:25, Genesis 34:30; Genesis 35:23; Genesis 49:5 (all J); Genesis 35:23; Genesis 46:11; Exodus 1:2; Exodus 6:16^(×2) Numbers 3:17; Numbers 16:1 (all P); I Chronicles 2:1; I Chronicles 5:22; I Chronicles 6:1, I Chronicles 6:4, I Chronicles 6:23, I Chronicles 6:28, I Chronicles 6:32; I Chronicles 23:6 Ezra 8:18; so בַּת־ל׳ [אֶת־] Exodus 2:1, Numbers 26:59.

as head of a family of descendants, in phr. בֵּית לֵוִי Exodus 2:1, and (with ref. to tribe; late) Numbers 17:23, מִשְׁפַּחַת בֵּית ל׳ Zechariah 12:13.

often בְּנֵי(־)ל׳ Exodus 32:26, Exodus 32:28, Joshua 21:10, בְּנֵי(־)ל׳ with tribal ref. Numbers 3:15; Numbers 4:2; Numbers 18:21 (charged with service of tabern., and hence to receive tithes; all P); as priests הַכֹּהֲנִים בְּנֵי לֵוִי Deuteronomy 21:5; Deuteronomy 31:9, compare Malachi 3:3, and לֹא הָיוּ מִבְּנֵי ל׳ I Kings 12:31; from the בְּנֵי ל׳ the Zadokites are selected as priests Ezekiel 40:46; according to I Chronicles 9:18 I Chronicles 23:24, I Chronicles 23:27 בְּנֵי ל׳ are subordinate officials in temple (compare v I Chronicles 9:28), compare I Chronicles 24:20; sharply disting. from priests Ezra 8:15, Nehemiah 12:23 (compare v Nehemiah 12:22); so also in later stratum of story of Korah’s revolt Numbers 16:7, Numbers 16:8, Numbers 16:10 (P²).

in Chr. the tribal idea is in the background, and thought of Levites as official class is prominent:

literally, human subj., often c. preposition or adverb of place, Genesis 19:2; Genesis 28:11; Judges 19:13, Judges 19:15; Ruth 1:16; Job 24:7 + often (on II Samuel 17:8 see Hiph.); c. ה location, וְלָן וְשָׁכַב אַ֫רְצָה II Samuel 12:16; c. ב location + ב temp. בַּלַּיְלָה הַהוּא Genesis 32:14, Genesis 32:22; Joshua 8:9; c. הַלַּיְלָה (accus. temp.), Numbers 22:8; Joshua 4:3; II Samuel 17:16; II Samuel 19:8; Ruth 3:13; of the wicked Psalms 59:16, according to Hup De Pe al.; < from ii. לון SeptuagintVulgate Aq Cheyne Bae al., compare AV; sim. of temporary sojourn Jeremiah 14:8 (of י׳ in Isr.)

of animals: wild ox (רְאֵם) Job 39:9 (followed by עַל־אֲבוּסֶ֑ךָ), porcupine (קִפֹּד) Zephaniah 2:14.

inanim. subj. = remain all night: of fat of sacrifice Exodus 23:18 (E; followed by עַד־בֹּקֶר), passover meal Exodus 34:25 (P; followed by לַבֹּקֶר), Deuteronomy 16:4 (followed by לַבֹּקֶר; all these without local designation), wages of hireling Leviticus 19:13 (H; אֶת = with + עַד־בֹּקֶר); of dead body Deuteronomy 21:23 (עַל location); dew Job 29:19 (ב location); bunch of myrrh Song of Songs 1:13 (בֵּין location)

figuratively בָּעֶרֶב יָלִין בֶּ֑כִי Psalms 30:6 at evening weeping may come to lodge (opposite וְלַבֹּקֶר רִנָּה).