BDB — ל (133)

except Daniel 2:11; Daniel 3:28; Daniel 6:6, Daniel 6:8, Daniel 6:13.

but (Germ. sondern) Daniel 2:30.

verbs of looking, listening, attending, waiting, etc., as האמין, התחֹלל, יחל, הוחיל, נככף, כלה (Tehillim 84:3 +), הטה אזן, לב (שׁת, הכין, נטה) נתן, קִיָּה, הקשׁיב, שׁמע (sometimes), צמא to thirst for (Shemos 17:3 Tehillim 42:3), השׁתחוה (to Breishis 37:10, towards Tehillim 99:5); sometimes also with האזין, הביט, נִבַּט, ראה, נפשׁ, נשׂא (see these verbs; many are also construed with other preps.); Yeshaya 51:6 Tehillim 44:21; pregn. Yeshaya 38:14; השׁתאה ל †Breishis 24:21, החרישׁ ל Bamidbar 30:5, Bamidbar 30:8: sometimes without a verb, as Shoftim 5:9 לִבִּי לְ, Yirmiya 5:3 עיניך ל, Tehillim 33:18 (‖ אל), Tehillim 39:8 תוחלתי לך היא, Tehillim 120:7 המה למלחמה, Tehillim 130:6 נפשׁי לאדני (compare Yeshaya 26:8), Tehillim 143:6 Daniel 11:27 Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:13; Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:2.

with verbs of saying, calling, singing, vowing, sacrificing, etc., as אמר, דבר (chiefly with God as subj. = promise, Breishis 24:7 Melachim Alef 5:26 +, especially in D כאשׁר דבר לְ Devarim 1:11 (see Driver), v Devarim 1:21 etc.; with human subj. Breishis 49:28 Shoftim 14:7 Melachim Alef 2:19 and elsewhere (GiesebrechtMelachim Alef 2:42: דבר אל is more common), זבח, זמּר, הודה, הגיד, נדר, נשׂא יד (in oath) Yechezkel 20:5, Yechezkel 20:6, Yechezkel 20:23 Tehillim 106:26, קִטֵּר, הריע, נשׁבע, שָׁר etc.

with vbs. of giving, leaving, bringing, offering etc., as הביא, הִפִּיל allot (Yehoshua 13:6), נתן, הסגור, עזב Tehillim 16:9 abandon to Sheol, Yeshaya 18:6, הקריב Vayikra 17:4, שׁוב = to be returned Devarim 28:31, השׁיב = bring back Devarim 22:1, = requite Shmuel Beis 16:12, שִׁלַּח, etc.

with vbs. of dealing, acting towards (whether with friendly or hostile intent), as עשׂה ל Breishis 19:8 + often, גמל ל Yeshaya 3:9; so with הֵייטִב, הֵרַע, הֵמַר, חָטָא to sin against (Breishis 20:9 +), אָשָׁם to be guilty towards (Vayikra 5:19), שִׁקֵּר, כִּחֵשׁ to lie to, כִּזֵּב; with vbs. of mocking or laughing, against, at, as לעג לְ Tehillim 2:4, שׂחק לְ Tehillim 37:13, שׂמח לְ to rejoice over Tehillim 35:19 Yechezkel 35:15, caus. שִׂמַּח לְ Tehillim 30:2, עלץ לְ † Tehillim 25:2: with other verbs denoting hostility (less common than ב or על), Breishis 27:42 מתנחם לך להרגך, Melachim Beis 5:7, Shemos 11:7 (so Yehoshua 10:21: compare Iyov 16:9), Yirmiya 25:31; Yirmiya 50:9 Tehillim 7:14; Tehillim 37:12; Tehillim 56:3; Tehillim 106:16 קנא לְ (usually in good sense, 5 g c) Iyov 20:27; Iyov 34:37. And with adjective, as Tehillim 73:1 טוב ל good to, Breishis 13:13 רָעִים וְחַטָּאִים לי׳ towards י׳, Shmuel Beis 22:24 תָּמִים לוֹ (‖ Tehillim 18:24 עִמּוֹ), Tehillim 89:29 נֶאֱמֶנֶת לוֹ; with noun (rare) Shemos 32:12; Eicha 3:60 (syn. v Eicha 3:61 על).

with words denoting what is pleasurable or the reverse, as נעם לְ Shmuel Beis 1:26, ערב ל Hoshea 9:4, יֵמַר לְ Yeshaya 24:7, טוֹב לְ (adjective) Shmuel Alef 1:8, נָקֵל לְ Melachim Beis 20:10, also הועיל ל, סכן ל, to be profitable to; and with neuter vbs., to denote the subj. of a sensation or emotion, as טוֹב לְ to be well to (with), Devarim 5:27; Devarim 19:13 +, מַר לְ Rus 1:13, צַר לְ Shmuel Alef 13:6 + often, כְּרֹב לְ Hoshea 10:1, רָוַח לְ Shmuel Alef 16:23, חַם לְ to be warm to, Melachim Alef 1:1, רַע לְ Tehillim 106:32, חָרָה לְ it was hot (= anger arose) to Breishis 4:6 + often, חָֽשְׁכָה לְ Micha 3:6. And with passive vbs., נִסְלַח לוֹ it is forgiven to him = he is forgiven Vayikra 4:26 + often; otherwise rare, נִרְצָה לְ Vayikra 1:4, נִרְפָּא לָנוּ it is healed to us = we are healed Yeshaya 53:5, הוּנַח ל Eicha 5:5, יְבֻלַּע לְ Shmuel Beis 17:16 (see Driver)

with verbs of reaching to, touching, attaching etc., as אסר ל to bind to, חבשׁ, דבק Tehillim 44:26, מצא to reach to Yeshaya 10:10, Yeshaya 10:14 Tehillim 21:9, הגיע Shemos 4:25, נצמד Bamidbar 25:5, קרוב (adjective) Rus 2:20; out of connexion with a verb (almost = עַד), Yehoshua 16:1 Tehillim 59:14 Iyov 28:3 Nechemia 3:15 Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:14, and correl. to מִן (v מִן 5).

with vbs. of motion, as הלך, בא, שָׁב etc. (not so common as אל, or the simple direct object with or without ה location)—(a) with places, rare in early prose, Yehoshua 1:15; Yehoshua 8:14 Shoftim 1:34; Shoftim 20:10 (but v G.F. Moore), Shmuel Alef 9:12; Shmuel Alef 20:25 Melachim Beis 3:27, except in partic. phrases, viz. למקומו Breishis 18:33, לדרכו Breishis 32:2, לאהליו Shmuel Alef 4:10 (also with other sfs.: all these + often, especially with שׁוב and הלך, or preceded by distrib. אישׁ; לאהליו(ך), also, without verb, as exclam., Shmuel Beis 20:1 Melachim Alef 12:16), לארצו Breishis 30:25 +, אִישׁ לִירֻשָּׁתוֹ Devarim 3:20, אישׁ לנחלתו Yehoshua 24:28 +, אישׁ לעירו Shmuel Alef 8:22; Nechemia 13:10: often in late Hebrew, as Iyov 4:5, Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:39, Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:42; Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:26; Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:1, Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:9; Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:18; Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:19; Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:3; Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:17 + often Chr, Ezra 2:68 +, Nechemia 10:35 Esther 6:4 Tehillim 96:8; Tehillim 132:7; Tehillim 146:4: לירושׁלם Yirmiya 3:17 (om. Septuagint), Zecharia 1:16, and often Ch Ezr Ne (as Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:14; Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:1; Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:3, Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:11), לשׁמרון Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:2; Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:8, Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:9, לבבל Yirmiya 51:2; Ezra 2:1; Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:1; Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:7 (but earlier always ירושׁלם, שׁמרון, בבל or בבלה); and poet. Shoftim 5:11; Yeshaya 22:1; Yeshaya 23:17; Yeshaya 49:18; Yeshaya 51:14 (pregn.) ימות לשׁחת, Yeshaya 59:20; Yeshaya 60:4, Yeshaya 60:5, Yeshaya 60:7; Yeshaya 65:12; Yirmiya 31:17; Yirmiya 48:15; Yirmiya 50:27; Micha 1:12; Zecharia 9:12 Tehillim 7:8; Tehillim 68:19; Tehillim 74:3 Shir HaShirim 4:16; Shir HaShirim 5:1; Shir HaShirim 6:2; Shir HaShirim 7:13 (pregn.) נשׁכימה לכרמים, Iyov 10:9; Iyov 20:6; הוציא לְ Tehillim 18:20; Tehillim 66:12, לאור Micha 7:9; Iyov 12:22; יוּבַל ל Hoshea 10:6 +: without a verb, Yeshaya 23:5; Hoshea 7:12. Also לָאָרֶץ, with many vbs., both in sense down to the earth, Yeshaya 14:12; Yeshaya 21:9; Yeshaya 28:2; Amos 3:14; Amos 5:7; Yechezkel 26:11 Tehillim 7:6 +, c. חִלֵּל (pregn) Tehillim 74:7; Tehillim 89:40, and idiomatically c. ישׁב to sit on the earth, Yeshaya 3:26; Yeshaya 47:1; Iyov 2:13 +, without verb Yeshaya 26:9: so לַעָפָר Iyov 7:21 Tehillim 7:6, הוריד לשׁחת Yechezkel 28:8. (b) with persons, not very common, Devarim 32:35; Yeshaya 31:6; Yeshaya 57:9; Yirmiya 3:22 אָתָנוּ לָ֑ךְ, Tehillim 45:15; Tehillim 119:79; Iyov 18:14; Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:16; Nechemia 6:19, לְעֲמִּי Bamidbar 24:14; Rus 1:10: בא לְ, especially with pron. לְךָ, לָהּ etc. (friendly) Shmuel Beis 12:4; Zecharia 9:9 Amos 6:1, (hostile) Shmuel Beis 5:23; Yirmiya 46:22; Yirmiya 49:9; Yirmiya 50:26; Yirmiya 51:48, Yirmiya 51:53; with a thing as subj. Devarim 33:16 (לראשׁ), Shmuel Beis 24:13 Yeshaya 47:9; Iyov 3:25 (compare Yeshaya 66:4), Yirmiya 4:12; Yirmiya 22:23 בְּבֹא לָךְ חֲבָלִים (so Hoshea 13:13; Yeshaya 66:7). And with vbs. of placing (where עַל would be more usually) Tehillim 21:4 תָּשִׁית לְרֹאשׁוֹ עֲטֶרֶת פָּז, Tehillim 22:16; Tehillim 66:12, with לְכִסֵּא Tehillim 9:5; Tehillim 132:11, Tehillim 132:12 Iyov 36:7: compare נָפַל לְאַפָּיו, הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה, Breishis 48:12 + (also עַל א׳)

expressing direction towards (without contact), לאחור backwards Yirmiya 7:24, לַחוּץ outwards Tehillim 41:7, למעלה upwards, למטה downwards; to scatter לכל רוח Yirmiya 49:32 compare v Yirmiya 49:36 Yechezkel 5:10 +, (שׁמים) לארבע רוחות Yechezkel 42:20; Daniel 8:8; Daniel 11:4; Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:24: of the points of the compass (without verb) לִפְאַת … towards the quarter of (the N., S., etc.) Shemos 26:18 + often P (so Yechezkel 47:15), לדרום, למזרח etc. (late: earlier ממזרח, or מזרחה etc.) Yechezkel 40:23; Yechezkel 41:11, Yechezkel 41:14; Yechezkel 42:4; Nechemia 3:26; Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:9; Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:63; Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:28; Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:15; Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:16-18; Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:14, למדבר Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:24; also (peculiarly) Shmuel Alef 14:40 Melachim Alef 20:38; Melachim Beis 11:11.

expressing addition (rare); Yeshaya 28:10, Yeshaya 28:13 צַו לָצַו קַו לָקַו, Yeshaya 56:8 (resuming על), Koheles 7:27 אחת לאחת (adding) one to another, Ezra 8:24; Nechemia 11:17 (על is more usual in this sense).

with the Hif., mostly of intrans. vbs., properly (as it seems) a dat. commodi, as הֵנִיחַ לְ to give rest to, הִרְחִיב to give width to, הֵצַר לְ, הֵצִיק לְ, exceptionally also with other words, as הִרְגִּיז, הוֹכִיחַ, הִצְדִּיק to give righteousness to, Yeshaya 53:11, הֶחֱיָה Breishis 45:7, הֵבִין give understanding to (late), הִצְלִיחַ (do.), הִרְבָּה Hoshea 10:1, הִשְׂגִּיא Iyov 12:23, הִפְתָּח Breishis 9:27 give breadth to.

with other vbs., sporadically early (if the text be sound), but mostly late, in conseq. of Aramaic influence (in Aramaic the accus. being constantly denoted by ל), as אהב Vayikra 19:18, Vayikra 19:34; Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:2, הרג Shmuel Beis 3:30; Iyov 5:2, בוּז (mostly), בזה Shmuel Beis 6:16, sometimes also זכר to remember, עבד to serve (work or do service for), עזר (Shmuel Beis 8:5, and especially late), דרשׁ (especially Chr), הִלֵּל (only Chr Ezr), רפא (probably the dat. comm.), שִׁחֵת Shmuel Alef 23:10; Bamidbar 32:15, נִדָּה Amos 6:3, גִּדֵּל Tehillim 34:4, פִּתַּח Tehillim 116:16, כִּבֵּד Tehillim 86:9; Daniel 11:38, חִזַּק Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:27; Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:12, בֵּרַךְ Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:20; Nechemia 11:2, חֵרֵף Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:17; see also Shmuel Alef 22:7; Melachim Beis 8:6; Yirmiya 16:6; Yirmiya 40:2; Yonah 4:6 Tehillim 69:6; Tehillim 73:18; Tehillim 135:11; Tehillim 136:19, Tehillim 136:20; Mishlei 17:26; Iyov 12:23; Eicha 4:5; Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:37; Divrei HaYamim Alef 18:6 (הושׁיע, altered from Shmuel Beis 8:6: so Tehillim 116:6), Tehillim 25:1; Tehillim 25:22^(×2); Divrei HaYamim Beis 5:11; Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:42; Divrei HaYamim Beis 17:7; Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:5; Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:13 (usually על, Ezra 8:16; at the end of an enumeration, Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:1; Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:12; Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:14; Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:23; marking the defin.objectin appos., Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:18; Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:12; Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:1 Tehillim 135:11; Tehillim 136:19, Tehillim 136:20 (= earlier את, Breishis 26:34; Shoftim 3:15; Yeshaya 7:6; Yeshaya 8:2); after a with suffix (in Syriac fahion), Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:26 וַיַּגְלֵם ל׳, Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:6; Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:5, Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:10; Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:15, compare Nechemia 9:32; defining anom. the with suffix of a noun, Bamidbar 29:18, Bamidbar 29:21, Bamidbar 29:24 etc. Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:5 הִתְיַחֲשָׂם לַכֹּל, Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:16, Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:18 Ezra 9:1; Ezra 10:14. (But in sentences of the type אֵין דּוֹרֵשׁ לְנַפְשִׁי Tehillim 142:5; Tehillim 72:12; Yeshaya 51:18; Yirmiya 14:16; Yirmiya 49:5 Eicha 1:7, Eicha 1:9, Eicha 1:17, Eicha 1:21, the ל belongs probably to אין: compare the ‖ types אֵון לִי מַכִּיר Tehillim 142:5 Devarim 28:31; Yirmiya 50:32; Eicha 1:2, דֹּרֵשׁ אֵין לָהּ Yirmiya 30:17; Eicha 4:4.) Cf. Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 117 n.

Breishis 2:22 וַיִּבֶן אֶת־הַצֵּלָע לְאִשָּׁה into a woman, Breishis 12:2 וְאֶעֶשְׂךָ לְגוֹי גָּדוֹל into a great nation, and very often with this and similar verbs, as Shemos 26:7; Shemos 32:10; Yeshaya 44:17, Yeshaya 44:19, שָׂם Breishis 46:3; Yeshaya 5:20 make bitter into sweet etc., Yeshaya 28:17, נָתַן Yeshaya 42:6, also in such phrases as שָׂם לְשַׁמָּה to make into a desolation Yeshaya 13:9; Yirmiya 4:7 etc. Yirmiya 19:8; הפך ל to change into Shemos 7:15; Devarim 23:6 +, to cut or divide into Breishis 32:8; Shoftim 19:29; Yeshaya 11:15 +, שָׂרַף לְ to burn into Amos 2:1, Devarim 9:21 דַּק לְעָפָר, פעל Tehillim 7:14 maketh into (or to be) flaming ones; היה ל to become, in many diff. connexions, as Breishis 2:7 ויהי האדם לנפשׁ חיה became a living soul (see היה II. 2 e, p. 226 a); (לנגיד) משׁח למלך to anoint so as to be king, as king (Germ. ‘zum König’: compare Old Engl. to, as Shoftim 17:13 and ‘Wellhausen have Abraham to our father’), Shmuel Alef 9:16; Shmuel Alef 15:1 etc., צִוָּה לְ to appoint as Shmuel Alef 13:14; Shmuel Alef 25:30; שׁת לְ Tehillim 45:17; even more freely, as דִּבֶּר עָלַי לְמֶלֶךְ Melachim Alef 14:2, compare Shmuel Beis 3:17 Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:23; חשׁב ל to count for (or as) Breishis 38:15 + often; Shemos 21:7 when a man sells his daughter לְאָמָה for, as, a female slave, Devarim 6:8 to bind לְאוֹת for, as a sign, הִתְיַצֵּב לְשָׂטָן (יָצָא) so as to be an adversary Bamidbar 22:22, Bamidbar 22:32, לְאֹרֵב (הקים) קום Shmuel Alef 22:8, Shmuel Alef 22:13, עמד לֵ Yeshaya 11:10; Duhm Yeshaya 11:1, יצא לַחָפְשִׁי to go forth into the state of one free Shemos 21:2 (compare v Shemos 21:26, Shemos 21:27 after שׁלח), Melachim Beis 25:12; Yeshaya 14:2; Yirmiya 34:11, Tehillim 48:4; נודע לְ hath made himself known as, Tehillim 87:4 הזכיר לְ to mention as, Yechezkel 13:20; poet. Iyov 39:16 הִקְשִׁיחַ בָּנֶיהָ לְלֹא־לָהּ treats her young ones hardly (turning them) into none of hers: without a verb (poet., or late prose) Micha 1:14; Nachum 1:7; Chavakuk 1:11 זוֹ כֹחוֹ לֵאלֹהוֹ, Zecharia 4:7 Eicha 4:3; Iyov 13:12; Chaggai 1:9; Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:12; Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:29; Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:18 Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:4.

this usage is also combined idiomatically, with great freq., with a 2nd לְ, of reference (5 a d), giving rise to such phrases as Breishis 1:29 לָכֶם יִהְיֶה לְאָכְלָה to you it shall be for food (see היה II 2nd feminine, p. 226 b), Breishis 45:8 וַיְשִׂימֵנִי לְאָב לְפַרְעֹה, Breishis 47:26 Devarim 28:9, Devarim 28:25 Shoftim 1:33; Shmuel Alef 2:28; Yeshaya 21:4; Yeshaya 28:18 וִהְיִיתֶם לוֹ לְמִרְמָס, Yeshaya 49:5 יֹצְרִי מִבֶּטֶן לְעֶבֶד לוֹ, Yeshaya 63:8, Yeshaya 28:10 וַיֵּהָפֵךְ לָהֶם לְאוֹיֵב (Iyov 30:21), Yirmiya 15:4, Yirmiya 15:20; Yirmiya 20:4; Yirmiya 21:9 Chavakuk 2:7 Tehillim 33:12; Tehillim 94:22; Tehillim 132:13; Tehillim 139:22; Iyov 13:24 ותחשׂבני לאויב לך, Iyov 16:12 etc.

defining those in reference to whom a predicate is affirmed, hence often = belonging to, of: (a) Devarim 23:3 דור עשׂירי לא יבא לו, v Devarim 23:4, Devarim 23:9 Eicha 1:10; הכרית לְ Shmuel Alef 2:33; Melachim Alef 14:10 +; השׁבית לְ Yirmiya 48:35; לֹא יִכָּרֵת אִישׂ לְ Melachim Alef 2:4; Melachim Alef 8:25 +; Shmuel Alef 25:34 אִם נוֹתַר לְ, Breishis 17:10 המול לכם כל זכר, Breishis 34:15, Breishis 34:22; Shemos 12:48; Shmuel Alef 11:2; Melachim Alef 14:13; ישׁב על כסא לְ Melachim Beis 10:30; Melachim Beis 15:12 Yirmiya 13:^(×2); Yirmiya 22:4 Tehillim 132:12; compare v Tehillim 132:11; ראה בנים לְ Breishis 50:23; Tehillim 128:6; אבד לְ to perish belonging to Shmuel Alef 9:3, Shmuel Alef 9:20; Yeshaya 26:14; מצא לְ to find belonging to Devarim 22:14; Shmuel Alef 13:22; Breishis 23:16 money עֹבֵר לַסֹּחֵר current to (= with) the merchant, Bamidbar 9:10; Amos 9:1; Yeshaya 33:14; Iyov 12:6: note further the pron. in Shemos 10:5 הַצֹּמֵחַ לכם מן השׂדה, Shemos 12:2, Shemos 12:5; Shemos 26:33 Vayikra 11:29 וְזֶה לָכֶם הַטָּמֵא (compare v Vayikra 11:4-8), Vayikra 19:23; Vayikra 25:30; Vayikra 26:5, Vayikra 26:26 בְּשִׂבְרִי לָכֶם מַטֵּה לֶחֶם (Yechezkel 14:13), Bamidbar 28:19; Bamidbar 32:21; Bamidbar 34:4 Devarim 28:66; Yehoshua 2:6 הָעֲרֻכוֹת לָהּ עַל הָגָּג, Shoftim 16:9; Shoftim 19:14 (compare זָרַח לְ Breishis 32:32 +), Shmuel Alef 5:9; Shmuel Beis 15:30; Melachim Beis 4:27 נַפְשָׂהּ מָרָה־לָהּ (compare Yeshaya 15:4; Yirmiya 4:19), Yeshaya 23:7 Yirmiya 2:21; Micha 2:4 איך ימישׁ לי, Yechezkel 16:14; Yechezkel 29:7 Tehillim 110:3; also Tehillim 40:7 ears hast thou digged to (or for) me, Tehillim 51:12 (compare Shmuel Alef 10:9), Yeshaya 50:4, Yeshaya 50:5 יעיר לי אזן. (b) in such phrases as Bamidbar 1:4 אִישׁ אִישׁ לְמַטֶּה a man for (or of) a tribe, Bamidbar 7:11; Bamidbar 31:4, Devarim 1:23 Yehoshua 3:12; Yehoshua 18:4 Shoftim 20:10 ten men לַמֵּאָה of 100, 100 of 1000 etc.; רִאשׁוֹן לְ = first of Shemos 12:2; Shmuel Beis 19:21. (c) spec. of relationship, to define a man’s family or tribe, especially in genealogies, Bamidbar 1:6 לראובן אליצור, v Bamidbar 1:7, Bamidbar 1:8 etc., v Bamidbar 1:22, Bamidbar 1:24 etc., Bamidbar 3:21, Bamidbar 3:27; Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:20, Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:21 etc., Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:23, Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:25 etc. + often; in the opposite order Shemos 31:2; Vayikra 24:11; Bamidbar 17:23 אהרן לבית לוי Melachim Alef 15:27 etc., compare Shmuel Beis 3:2, Shmuel Beis 3:3, Shmuel Beis 3:5, also Shmuel Beis 9:3 a Breishis 20:18; Breishis 46:26, Breishis 46:27; similarly הנשׁארים לְ Melachim Beis 10:11, Melachim Beis 10:17, הַמֵּת לְ Melachim Alef 14:11 Melachim Alef 16:4 +. (d) denoting relation (to be to or towards one in a particular regard or capacity) Shemos 19:5 והייתם לי סְגֻלָּה ye shall be to me a special possession, Shemos 22:30 אנשׁי קדשׁ תהיון לי, Shmuel Alef 18:18; Shmuel Beis 19:29; Melachim Alef 5:15; Melachim Beis 19:15; Yirmiya 12:9; Yirmiya 15:8; Yirmiya 22:6 גלעד אתה לי, Yirmiya 51:20; Yeshaya 54:9; Yechezkel 24:19 Tehillim 12:5 מִי אָדוֹן לָנוּ, Tehillim 35:14 כְּרֵעַ כְּאָח לִי, Tehillim 99:8; Iyov 24:17; Iyov 30:29; Nechemia 6:18; with a ptcp. Bamidbar 10:25; Bamidbar 25:18; Bamidbar 35:23; Devarim 4:22; Devarim 19:4, Devarim 19:6 Yeshaya 11:9; Yeshaya 14:2 (Driver^{§ 135, 7 Obs.}); מלך לְ Bamidbar 22:4; רַב לָכֶם it is (too) much to you, מְעַט לְ (too) little to …; in the phr. (מָה) מִי אֵלֶּה לְךָ who (what) are these to thee? = what meanest thou by these things? Breishis 33:5, Breishis 33:8; Shmuel Beis 16:2; Yechezkel 37:18, compare Shemos 12:26; Yehoshua 4:6 Yechezkel 12:22; חלילה לי away be it to (or for) me! למה לי to what purpose to me is …? Breishis 27:46; Yeshaya 1:11; Yirmiya 6:20; Iyov 30:2: often also in such phrases as מָגֵן לְ a shield to Breishis 15:1 Tehillim 18:31, a strength to Tehillim 28:8, an abomination to Breishis 43:32; Yeshaya 1:13 +, a grief to Mishlei 10:1; Mishlei 17:21; compare Yirmiya 15:10; Malachi 2:9 Tehillim 89:28 etc.: note also Yonah 3:3 עיר גדולה לאלהים a city great to God (that is in his estimation: compare Acts 7:20 ἀστεῖος τῷ θεῷ, and לפני Breishis 10:9), Esther 10:3. And with כְּ Shoftim 17:11; Shmuel Beis 12:3 וַתְּהִי לוֹ כְּבַת, Shemos 22:24 (compare 4 b), Amos 9:7 כבני כֻשִׁיים אַתֶּם לי Hoshea 11:4 Yeshaya 29:2; Iyov 33:6 הֵן־אֲנִי לָאֵל כְּפִיךָ lo, I am to God as thou art, etc.

denoting possession, belonging to;—(a) as predicate, in הָיָה לְ (compare Lat. est mihi), יֵשׁ לְ, אֵין לְ constantly (see these words); also alone, as Breishis 31:16, Breishis 31:43 לִי הוּא it is mine, Breishis 48:5 לי הם, Shemos 19:5 כי לי כל הארץ, Melachim Alef 20:3, Melachim Alef 20:4 Yeshaya 43:1 לי אתה, Yeshaya 44:5 לי׳ אני, Yechezkel 29:3 Tehillim 47:10; Tehillim 50:10, Tehillim 50:12 Iyov 12:13, Iyov 12:16 Shir HaShirim 2:16; Shir HaShirim 6:3; Shmuel Alef 1:2 ולו שׁתי נשׁים and he had two wives, Shmuel Alef 25:7, Shmuel Alef 25:36 Shoftim 3:16; Shoftim 17:5; Iyov 22:8; Shmuel Beis 17:18; Hoshea 6:10, + often; with לֹא, Melachim Alef 22:17; Yeshaya 53:2 לא הדר לו, Yirmiya 5:10 +; with a neut. adjective (rare) Yeshaya 63:2; Yirmiya 30:10 אָנוּשׁ לְשִׁבְרֵךְ; note also such phrases as Melachim Beis 10:19 זבח גדול לי לבעל, Yeshaya 2:12 כִּי יוֹם לי׳ על וג׳ for י׳ hath a day against, etc., Yeshaya 22:5; Yeshaya 28:2 י׳ הִנֵּה חָזָק וְאַמִּץ לי׳ hath a strong and mighty one (sc. at his disposal), Yeshaya 34:2 קצף לי׳ על וג׳, v Yeshaya 34:6 b, Yeshaya 34:8; Hoshea 4:1 כִּי רִיב לי׳ עם …, Hoshea 12:3 Micha 6:2: מַה־לִּי וָלָךְ what is there to me and to thee? (that is what have we to do with each other?), v מָה; שׁלום לך peace be to thee! Of that which pertains to one as a right, Vayikra 25:31, Vayikra 25:48; Devarim 1:17 כי המשׁפט לאלהים הוא, Devarim 21:17; Shmuel Alef 17:47; Yirmiya 10:23; Yirmiya 32:7, Yirmiya 32:8 Yechezkel 21:32 Tehillim 3:9 לי׳ הישׁועה, Yonah 2:10; with an inf. Shmuel Alef 23:20 וְלָנוּ הַסְגִּירוֹ and it shall be for us (or our place) to deliver him, Micha 3:1 הלא לכם לדעת, Ezra 4:3; Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:5; Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:17; Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:17, compare Tehillim 50:16 מַה־לְּךָ לְ. (b) here also belongs the so-called Lamed auctoris, Yeshaya 38:9 מִכְתָּב לְחִזְקִיָּהוּ a writing belonging to, of, or by H., Chavakuk 3:1, Tehillim 3:1 and often מזמור לדוד a Psalm of or by D. (but possibly denoting orig., at least in some cases, a Psalm belonging to a collection known as David’s: so certainly in לבני קרח Tehillim 42:1 and elsewhere, and probably also in לאסף Tehillim 50:1 and elsewhere); so לדוד מזמור Tehillim 24:1 +, לדוד alone Tehillim 10:1; Tehillim 14:1 +. Comp. on Phoenician coins לצדנם of the Sidonians, that is belonging to them, לצור (= Gk. Σιδονίων, Τύρου). Hebrew idiom also uses the ל of possession where we should write the simple name, as Yechezkel 38:16 (written on a stick) ליהודה, v Yechezkel 38:17 ליוסף, in English ‘Judah,’ ‘Joseph,’ Yeshaya 8:1 למהר־שׁלל־חשׁ־בז ‘Maher-shalal-hash-baz.’

as periph. for the st. c.:—(a) אשׁר לְ, as Shemos 29:29; Shemos 39:1, Shemos 39:39 Vayikra 7:20, Vayikra 7:21; Vayikra 16:6, Vayikra 16:15 (see further exx. under אשׁר 7, p. 82 f.); so שֶׁלִּי † Shir HaShirim 1:6; Shir HaShirim 8:12, שֶׁלָּנוּ †Melachim Beis 6:11. (b) without אשׁר—(a) where it is desired to keep the first noun indeterm., Shmuel Alef 16:18 ראיתי בן לישׁי a son to or of Jesse, Shmuel Alef 22:20; Breishis 41:12; Bamidbar 1:4; Bamidbar 7:24; Melachim Alef 2:39 שׁני עבדים לשׁמעי, Melachim Alef 18:22; Melachim Beis 3:11; Rus 2:1 etc.; (β) where the genit. is a compound term, to avoid a series of nouns in the st. c., Bamidbar 1:4 ראשׁ לבית אבותיו, Bamidbar 7:24, Bamidbar 7:30, Bamidbar 7:36 etc.; Bamidbar 1:21 פקֻדיהם למטה ראובן, v Bamidbar 1:23, Bamidbar 1:25 etc., Bamidbar 2:9, Bamidbar 2:16 etc., Yehoshua 21:38; Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:23 הַשְּׁעָרִים לְבֵית י׳, Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:3 הראשׁ לְ, Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:11; Nechemia 10:39 etc., occas. also besides, as Shmuel Alef 14:16 הצופים לשׁאול, Shemos 31:7 (usually ארון העדות); (γ) where the regens is a pr. name, or a compound term, which does not readily admit of being placed in the st. c., as (יהודה) דברי הימים למלכי ישׂראל Melachim Alef 14:19, Melachim Alef 14:29 + often, Melachim Alef 5:30 שׂרי הנצבים לְ, Melachim Beis 11:4 שׂרי המאות לְ; ראשׁי האבות לְ Bamidbar 36:1; Yehoshua 19:51; Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:13 + often Ch Ne Ezr; in dates, as באחד לחדשׁ Breishis 8:5, Breishis 8:14 Shemos 12:3, Shemos 12:6, Breishis 7:11 בשׁנת … לחיי נח, Breishis 16:3 Shemos 19:1 בחדשׁ השׁלישׁי לצאת, בשׁנת שׁתים לאסא … Melachim Alef 15:25, Melachim Alef 15:28; Melachim Alef 16:8 (all + often); other cases, Shemos 20:5, Shemos 20:6 Vayikra 13:48 Bamidbar 16:22 (= Bamidbar 27:16) Bamidbar 18:15; Shoftim 20:10; Melachim Beis 5:9; Yechezkel 45:19; Rus 2:3 Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:43; Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:19, Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:21; Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:19; Divrei HaYamim Beis 22:10; Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:4; (δ) with a neg., Breishis 15:13 בארץ לא לכם, Yirmiya 5:19; Mishlei 26:17; Chavakuk 1:6, poet. even alone, Chavakuk 2:6 who increaseth לֹא לוֹ (that which is) not his, Iyov 18:15 בְּלִי לוֹ, Iyov 39:16 לְלֹא לָהּ as (4) those which are not hers; (ε) poet., Yeshaya 16:2; Yeshaya 26:7 ארח לצדיק Yirmiya 47:3; Hoshea 9:6 Tehillim 37:16; Tehillim 49:14; Tehillim 55:19 (Hitzig De Ch), Tehillim 58:5; Tehillim 73:6; Tehillim 105:36; Tehillim 116:15 המותה לחסידיו, Tehillim 123:4; Yonah 2:3; Koheles 5:11; compare also מלך לְ Yehoshua 12:13 (but v Septuagint Dillmann), Melachim Beis 19:13 (compare Aramaic Ezra 5:11): see further Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 292, Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 129, Giesebr ^{§ 19}.

attached to advbs., especially those compounded with מִן, it forms preps., as מִקֶּדֶם לְ Breishis 3:24 literally off the front with reference to (or of) = in front of: so מִבֵּית לְ = within, מִחוּץ לְ = without, מִמַּעַל לְ, מֵעַל לְ, מֵעֵבֶר לְ, מֵהָֽלְאָה לְ, מִצְּפוֹן לְ, סָבִיב לְ (all often); more rarely, מֵאַחֲרֵי לְ, מִבַּעַד לְ, מִבֵּינוֹת לְ, אֶל בֵּינוֹת לִ, מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה לְ Shemos 38:15, חֵנָּה לְ Daniel 12:5^(×2), מִזְרָח לְ, מִימִין לְ, מִנֶּגֶד לְ, מִסָּבִיב לְ, תַּחַת לְ, poet. נֶגְדָּה־נָּא לְ †Tehillim 116:14, Tehillim 116:18. See בית, חוץ, etc.; and compare Shoftim 7:1, Shoftim 7:8.

construed with passive verbs, the ל of reference notifies the agent, as בָּרוּךְ לְ blessed by, Breishis 14:17 + often; otherwise not very common, Breishis 31:15 נֶחְשַׁב לְ to be reckoned by (so Yeshaya 40:17), Shemos 12:16 אַךְ אֲשֶׁר יֵאָכֵל לְכָל־נֶפֶשׁ הוּא לְבַדּוֹ, יֵעָשֶׂה לָכם, Shmuel Alef 2:3; Shmuel Alef 25:7; Shmuel Beis 19:43; Yirmiya 8:3 נִבְחַר לְ (Mishlei 21:3), Yirmiya 29:22 Tehillim 73:10; Tehillim 111:2; Mishlei 13:13 יֵחָבֶל־לוֹ is pledged by it, Mishlei 14:20; Nechemia 6:1, Nechemia 6:7 נִשְׁמַע לְ, Nechemia 13:26 אָהוּב לְ, Esther 4:3; Esther 5:12 Koheles 5:12 שָׁמוּר לְ. So with נִרְאָה Shemos 13:7 (= Devarim 16:4), נוֹדַע Shmuel Alef 6:3; Yechezkel 36:32; Nechemia 4:9 (but usually with these words לְ is rather the dat. comm. be known, appear, to), נעתר Breishis 25:21 +, נדרשׁ and נמצא Yeshaya 65:1 + to let oneself be entreated, sought, found, by, נוֹסַר † Vayikra 26:23, נענה † Yechezkel 14:4, Yechezkel 14:7 (?). (Comp. in Syriac Nöldeke's Syriac Grammar § ²⁴⁷, especially with passive ptcp.^{§ 279} (so Talm., Luz ^{§ 90}), which in Mand. and New Syriac even unites with the ל to form a new tense, see Noldeke^{Marti's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 263; NS § 104}.) Analogously Breishis 38:15 וַתַּהַר לוֹ and was pregnant by, v Breishis 38:18 הָרָה לְ (adjective) pregnant by (literally to).

regarding, in respect of, viz. (a) with verbs of speaking, commanding, hearing, etc.; concerning, about (syn. עַל, which is more usually); so with אָמַר Breishis 20:13; Devarim 33:12, Devarim 33:13 + Shoftim 9:54; Yeshaya 41:7 Tehillim 3:3; Tehillim 41:6 +, דִּבֶּר Yechezkel 44:5, סִפֵּר Tehillim 22:31, דרשׁ Devarim 12:30; Shmuel Beis 11:3, חָלַם Breishis 42:9, הִטִּיף Micha 2:6, צִוָּה Bamidbar 8:20 Tehillim 91:11 +, שָׁמַע Breishis 17:20, and often in the adjunct לאשׁר …, לכל אשׁר … Breishis 27:8; Yehoshua 1:18; Yehoshua 22:2 +; שׁאל Breishis 26:7 +, especially in phr. שׁאל לפ׳ לְשָׁלוֹם to ask about any one with ref. to (his) welfare; in the phr. לַדָּבָר הַגֶּה in regard to this thing (idiomatically), Breishis 19:21; Shmuel Alef 30:24 +, Shoftim 21:5, Shoftim 21:7 לנשׁים, Melachim Alef 20:7; without a verb, Vayikra 7:37; Vayikra 14:54; Devarim 33:7, and in titles Yirmiya 23:9; Yirmiya 46:2; Yirmiya 48:1; Yirmiya 49:1, Yirmiya 49:7, Yirmiya 49:23, Yirmiya 49:28. (b) limiting the application of a term, especially with כְּ to denote the tertium comparationis, as Breishis 41:19 לֹא רָאִיתִי כָהֵנָּה … לָרֹעַ as regards, in respect of (in our idiom, simply in or for) badness, Shemos 24:10 כְּעֶצֶם הַשָּׁמַיִם לָטֹהַר in brightness, Devarim 34:11, Devarim 34:12 Yechezkel 3:3 (read לְמֹתֶק) Mishlei 25:3; Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:4; with an inf., Breishis 3:22 היה כאחד ממנו לדעת in respect of knowing, etc., Breishis 34:15 Yeshaya 21:1 כַּסּוּפוֹת לַחֲלוֹף as whirlwinds in respect of sweeping through, Yehoshua 10:14; Shmuel Beis 14:17, Shmuel Beis 14:25; Yechezkel 38:9, Yechezkel 38:16; Mishlei 26:2 כצפור לָנוּד כדרור לָעוּף, Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:9 כצבאים לְמַהֵר; with לָרֹב in multitude, Devarim 1:10 ככוכבי השׁמים לרב Shoftim 7:12^(×2) + often; less freq. in comparisons with מִן, Melachim Alef 10:23 וַיִּגְדַּל … מִכֹּל … לְעשֶׁר וּלְחָכְמָה, Shir HaShirim 1:2; Iyov 30:1 צעירים ממני לימים (compare the accus. Iyov 15:10), Iyov 32:4, Iyov 32:6, compare Iyov 11:6 כִּפְלַיִם לְתוּשִׁיָּה; rarely after substs., Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:8; Divrei HaYamim Beis 21:3, Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:8 לְכִכָּרִים, v Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:9, Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:11 Ezra 8:26 (where the earlier language would use appos., or the accus. of specification, Driver^{§ 194}). (c) somewhat differently, Vayikra 5:4 and be guilty לְאַחַת מֵאֵלָּה as regards one of these things, v Vayikra 5:5 Vayikra 22:5 Bamidbar 18:7 (compare Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:32; Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:1 Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:11^(×2)) Yirmiya 2:37 (peculiar) thou shalt not prosper להם as regards them, Yechezkel 44:14, compare Iyov 9:19; after substs. Breishis 47:26 לַחֹמֶשׁ (but compare Septuagint Dillmann) with ref. to the fifth, Vayikra 7:26; Vayikra 11:46 Bamidbar 19:11; Bamidbar 29:39; Bamidbar 30:13; Devarim 19:15; Devarim 23:19; Ezra 8:34; Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:1; (לכל ח׳), Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:15 Nechemia 11:24. (d) לְכֹל … (לְכָל־), at the close of a description or enumeration, with a generalizing force, as regards all … = namely, in brief (Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 310 a), chiefly in P and Chr (probably a juristic usage): Breishis 9:10 all that go out of the ark לְכֹל חַיַּת הָאָרֶץ as regards (= namely, even) all beasts of the earth, Breishis 23:10; Shemos 14:28 (compare v Shemos 14:9 וְ), Shemos 27:3, Shemos 27:19; Shemos 28:38; Shemos 36:1; Vayikra 5:3, Vayikra 5:4 (compare Vayikra 13:51) Vayikra 11:42; Vayikra 16:16, Vayikra 16:21; Vayikra 22:18 Bamidbar 3:26 (v Bamidbar 3:31, Bamidbar 3:36 וְ), Bamidbar 4:27, Bamidbar 4:31, Bamidbar 4:32; Bamidbar 5:9; Bamidbar 18:4, Bamidbar 18:8, Bamidbar 18:9, Bamidbar 18:11 (all P), Melachim Beis 12:6; Yirmiya 19:13; Yechezkel 44:9; Divrei HaYamim Alef 13:1; Divrei HaYamim Beis 5:12 (לְכֻלָּם), Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:5; Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:16; Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:8 (‖ Melachim Beis 21:8 ולכל) Ezra 1:5. (e) introducing a new subj. (rare, and text sometimes doubtful; chiefly Chr), as regards …, Yeshaya 32:1 ולשׂרים (read probably וְשָׂרִים; ל by error from following למשׁפט), Vayikra 11:26; Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:2 (read probably אבשׁלום), Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:2 (? v Ke), Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:1 (Ke ובני), v Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:5 a (?), Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:1; Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:1, Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:23, Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:25, Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:26, Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:31 a β Divrei HaYamim Beis 5:12; Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:21 לְכָל־עֹבֵר עליו ישׁרק (‖ Melachim Alef 9:8 כָּל־עֹבֵר), compare Devarim 24:5 (peculiar); Koheles 9:4 כִּי לְכֶלֶב חַי הוא טוב וג׳; compare Tehillim 17:4 (on Tehillim 16:3 see commentaries) In Chr sometimes used peculiarly as a periphr., Divrei HaYamim Alef 28, Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:21 לכל נדיב as regards every liberal man = every liberal man (compare Ke), Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:5 and Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:6 b; compare Ezra 6:7 (Aramaic), Ezra 7:28.

in connexion with terms designating a cause or occasion, with reference to or in view of (Germ. auf … hin) becomes nearly equivalent to on account of, through (not common): so to cut oneself לָנֶפֶשׁ Vayikra 19:28 on account of a (dead) person, Devarim 14:1; Yirmiya 16:6; b, Vayikra 11:24 לְאֵלֶּה תִּטַּמָּ֑אוּ on account of these ye shall become unclean, Vayikra 21:1, Vayikra 21:2, Vayikra 21:3 +, Yechezkel 20:31 נִטְמָא לְ, Bamidbar 5:2 כָּל־טָמֵא לָנֶפֶשׁ Bamidbar 9:6, Bamidbar 9:7, Bamidbar 9:10, compare Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:19; לְשֵׁם י׳ in view of (that is determined by), because of י׳’s name, Yehoshua 9:9; Yirmiya 3:17; Yeshaya 55:5 (‖ לְמַעַן), Yechezkel 36:22 (do.); Breishis 4:23 I have slain a man לְפִצְעִי because of my wound, v Breishis 4:23 Shemos 4:26 לַמּוּלוֹת, Bamidbar 35:33 לַדָּם; לָכֵן = therefore (syn. עַל כֵּן), constantly (see כֵּן); Iyov 30:24 (si vera l.) לָחֶן: of the cause of an emotion, Yeshaya 15:5 לְבִּי לְמוֹאָב יִזְעַק because of Moab, Yeshaya 16:7, Yeshaya 16:11; Yirmiya 31:20 הָמוּ מֵעַי לוֹ (עַל Shir HaShirim 5:4), Hoshea 10:5, לְזֹאת Iyov 37:1. Cf. Bamidbar 16:34 נסו לקולם fled at the sound of them, Yechezkel 27:28; Chavakuk 3:16 Tehillim 42:8.

marking the aim, object, or consequence of an action or thing, in view of, for, unto: (a) Breishis 1:16 לממשׁלת היום for the rule of the day, Breishis 22:7 where is the sheep לְעוֹלָה? Breishis 42:25 provision לַדָּ֑רֶךְ for the way; Shemos 20:7 לַשָּׁוְא that is for a vain or frivolous purpose, similarly לָרִיק and לַשֶּׁקֶר; Vayikra 1:3 + לִרְצֹנוֹ for his acceptance; Bamidbar 21:23 and often יצא למלחמה for battle; יָשַׁב לְ to sit (wait) for, Shemos 24:14; Hoshea 3:3; Yirmiya 3:2; Shmuel Alef 8:16 to use לִמְלַאכְתּוֹ for his business; Shmuel Beis 15:2 + בָּא לַמִּשְׁפָּט for judgment; Tehillim 69:22 לִצְמָאִי for (that is to quench) my thirst, Nechemia 9:15; Shemos 29:36 + לַיּוֹם for each day; Yeshaya 4:3 כָּל־כָּתוב לַחַיִּים for life; Hoshea 9:4 לַחְמָם לְנַפְשָׁם; לרעה and לטובה Yirmiya 21:10 +; Yeshaya 58:4 Tehillim 63:10 לְשׁוֹאָה יבקשׁו נפשׁי: in the sense of to secure, compass, Breishis 41:55 cried to Phoenician לַלָּ֑חֶם for bread, Shmuel Alef 2:36 Amos 8:11 Iyov 15:23 Yeshaya 10:3; so in לִמַעַן for the purpose of; and with an inf. often (see 7 a). (b) corresponding to the Lat. dat. commodi, (a) with vbs., Breishis 2:18 אעשׂה לו I will make for him, etc., v Breishis 2:20 Breishis 3:21, etc., absol. עָשָׂה לְ Shmuel Alef 14:6; Yeshaya 64:3, פָּעַל לְ Tehillim 68:29; מָצָא לְ Breishis 8:9; לָקַח לְ Breishis 24:3, Breishis 24:4 + often; סָפַד לְ, נוּד Yirmiya 16:5, Yirmiya 16:6, בָּכָה לְ Yirmiya 22:10, etc.; Shoftim 16:25 וִישַׂחֶק־לָנוּ to sport for us (for our pleasure); Hoshea 2:25 Micha 5:1, etc.; with a pron. of the same person as the verb, as Melachim Alef 20:34 תשׂים לך, Melachim Beis 6:7; Melachim Beis 10:24, Zecharia 9:13, leading on to h a, below; often with prons. and imv., Bamidbar 11:16 אֶסְפָה־לִּי gather me 70 men, Bamidbar 22:6 אָרָה־לִּי curse me this people, Bamidbar 23:1 בְּנֵה לִי, Melachim Alef 1:28 קראו לי לבת־שׁבע call me B., Melachim Alef 3:24; Melachim Alef 13:13; Melachim Alef 17:10 Shir HaShirim 2:15 אֶחֱזוּ לָנוּ catch us the foxes, Yeshaya 49:20 גְּשָׁה־לִּי retire for me, that I may dwell, Shmuel Beis 18:5 לְאַט לִי לַנַּעַר (act) gently (5 i b) for my sake towards the young man, Melachim Beis 4:24 אַל־תַּעֲצָר־לִי לִרְכֹּב Authorized Version slacken me not the riding; (β) with substs., for example in such phrases as פסח הוא לי׳, Shemos 12:11 a passover is it unto י׳, Shemos 13:6 חַג לי׳, Shemos 16:25 שַׁבָּת לי׳, Yeshaya 23:18 + קֹדֶשׁ לי׳, Vayikra 1:9 and often אִשֵּׁה רֵיחַ נִיחוֹחַ לי׳, Shmuel Alef 1:3 כהנים לי׳, etc.; (γ) also as a dat. incommodi, as to lie in wait, lay snares, dig a pit, etc., for any one, Shoftim 9:25; Shoftim 16:2 Tehillim 35:7; Tehillim 57:7 etc.; with vbs. of withholding or removing (rare), Shoftim 17:2 לֻקַּח לָךְ Shmuel Alef 21:6 (compare ܒܨܪܠ) Tehillim 40:11; Tehillim 84:12; Iyov 12:20; note also the phr. לָכַד הַמַּיִם (הַמַּעְבָּרוֹת) לְ Shoftim 3:28 (Revised Version), Shoftim 7:24; Shoftim 12:5: זכר ל, in both senses, to remember for (in one’s favour) Yirmiya 2:2 +, against Tehillim 137:7 +, compare גער לְ Malachi 3:11 and Malachi 2:3. (c) more distinctly on behalf of, as with קִנֵּא to be jealous for, Bamidbar 11:29 +, נִלְחַם Devarim 3:22 +, שָׁמַר Devarim 7:12 +, רָב לְ to contend for Shoftim 6:31, יָרֵא Yehoshua 9:24, הִתְפַּלֵּל Shmuel Alef 2:25 +, דִּבֶּר to speak for one Melachim Beis 4:13, Iyov 13:7 הַלְאֵל תְּדַבְּרוּ עַוְלָה will ye speak wickedness on God’s behalf? שָׁאַל to ask Shmuel Alef 22:13 +, עָבַר to pass over for (= to pardon) Amos 7:8; Devarim 30:12 מי יעלה לנו, v Devarim 30:13 Shoftim 1:1; Shoftim 20:18; Yeshaya 6:8 מִי יֵלֶךְ־לָנוּ; see also Shemos 2:19; Shemos 4:16 Bamidbar 35:31 Devarim 23:6 Yehoshua 18:6 Shoftim 5:13; Shoftim 7:4, Shoftim 7:20 Shmuel Beis 15:34 Yeshaya 33:21; Mishlei 16:26; Mishlei 31:8, etc.; Tehillim 94:16 מִי יָקוּם לִי עִם מְרֵעִים; היה ל׳ to be on one’s side, Hoshea 1:9 ואנכי לא אהיה לכם, Tehillim 124:1, Tehillim 124:2, and without היה Breishis 31:42; Shemos 32:33, מִי ל׳ אֵלַי who is on י׳’s side? (let him come) to me! Yehoshua 5:13; Shmuel Beis 20:11; Melachim Beis 10:6 אִם לִי אַתֶּם (syn. אִתִּי Melachim Beis 9:32), Tehillim 56:10 זה ידעתי כי י׳ לי, Tehillim 118:6, Tehillim 118:7 י׳ לִי.

used reflexively (the ‘ethical’ dative, or dative of feeling), throwing the action back upon the subj., and expressing with some pathos the interest, or satisfaction, or completeness, with which it is (or is to be) accomplished, especially (but not exclusively) with imv. and 1 person impf. (often not expressible in Engl., sometimes to be expressed by a paraphr.);—(a) with trans. verbs (a choice idiom, a development of g b a, common, especially with imv., in best prose), עֲשֵׂה לְךָ Breishis 6:14 Bamidbar 21:8 + often, עֲשִׂיתֶם לָכֶם Devarim 4:16, Devarim 4:23; Devarim 9:16 Amos 5:26, וַיַּעֲשׂוּ לָהֶם Breishis 3:7; Shemos 32:31; Hoshea 13:2, Yirmiya 11:17 the evil which עשׂו להם they have loved to do (compare Hitzig), Breishis 11:4; Shoftim 3:16; Shmuel Beis 15:1, etc.; קַח־לְךָ, קְחוּ לָכֶם Breishis 6:21 + often, ויקח לו Breishis 15:10, etc.; בָּזַז לוֹ Devarim 2:35; Devarim 20:14 +; תְּנוּ לָכֶם Shemos 7:9; Yehoshua 20:2; הָבוּ לָכֶם Devarim 1:13 (compare Driver) +, שִׂימוּ לָכֶם Shoftim 19:30, compare Melachim Beis 10:24; Hoshea 2:2; בָּחַר לוֹ, בַּחֲרוּ לָכֶם, etc. Breishis 13:11 Shmuel Beis 17:1 Septuagint (see Driver) + often; קְנֵה לְךָ Yirmiya 32:7 +, דַּע לְךָ Iyov 5:27, compare Shir HaShirim 1:8; Devarim 10:1, Devarim 10:1; Devarim 16:9, Devarim 16:13, Devarim 16:18; Devarim 19:2, Devarim 19:3, Devarim 19:9, Yehoshua 22:23 לִבְנוֹת לָנוּ, Shmuel Alef 20:20 לְשַׁלַּח לִי לְמַטָּרָה, Melachim Beis 4:3 שַׁאֲלִי לָךְ (compare Yeshaya 7:11), Melachim Beis 18:23 Yeshaya 44:7 יַגִּידוּ לָמוֹ, Yeshaya 59:8 עִקְּשׁוּ לָהֶם, Yirmiya 2:13; Yirmiya 22:14 אֶבְנֶה־לִּי, Yirmiya 31:21; Yirmiya 46:14; Hoshea 10:1 פְּרִי יְשַׁוֶּה־לּוֹ maketh fruit freely, v Hoshea 10:11, Hoshea 10:12^(×2) Amos 6:5, Amos 6:13 Tehillim 44:11 שָׁסוּ לָמוֹ = plunder at their will, Tehillim 64:6; Tehillim 83:13 Mishlei 1:22 Koheles 8:12 מַאֲרִיךְ לוֹ (denoting satisfaction), Iyov 7:3 הָנְחַלְתִּי לִי, Iyov 12:11 יִטְעַם לוֹ, Iyov 13:1 וַתָּכֶן־לָהּ, Iyov 24:16, etc.: rarely separated from the verb, Hoshea 12:9; Mishlei 23:20; Iyov 3:14. (b) with verbs of motion, Breishis 12:1; Breishis 22:2; לֶךְ־לְךָ get thee away, Breishis 27:43; בְרַח לְךָ Amos 7:12, Bamidbar 22:34 אשׁובה לי literally I will return for myself, Devarim 1:7 (compare Driver) סְעוּ לָכֶם, v Devarim 1:40 Devarim 2:13 עברו לכם, Devarim 5:24 שׁובו לכם, Shmuel Alef 22:5; Shmuel Alef 26:11 וְנֵֽלְכָה לָנוּ, v Shmuel Alef 26:12 וַיֵּלְֽכוּ לֶהֶם, Shmuel Beis 2:21 נְטֵה לְךָ, v Shmuel Beis 2:22 Melachim Alef 17:3 Yeshaya 31:8 נָס לוֹ, Yeshaya 40:9 עֲלִי לָךְ, Yirmiya 5:5 אֵֽלְכָה לִי, Hoshea 8:9 a wild ass בֹּדֵד לוֹ going alone at its pleasure, Micha 1:11 Tehillim 58:8 כמים יתהלכו למו that run apace, Mishlei 20:14 אֹזֵל לוֹ = goeth his way, Iyov 39:4 Shir HaShirim 1:8; Shir HaShirim 2:10, Shir HaShirim 2:11, Shir HaShirim 2:13; Shir HaShirim 4:6. (c) with neuter verbs, especially those signifying a state of mind or feeling (chiefly poet.), Tehillim 66:7 אל ירומו למו, Tehillim 80:7 ילעגו למו mock as they please, Tehillim 120:6 רַבַּת שָֽׁכְנָה לָהּ נַפְשִׁי has had her dwelling with, etc., Tehillim 122:3 שֶׁחֻבְּרָה לָהּ is well compacted, Tehillim 123:4 שָֽׂבְעָה לָהּ is but too full, Yeshaya 2:22 חִדְלוּ לָכֶם, Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:16; Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:21 Yirmiya 7:4 אַל־תִּבְטְחוּ לָכֶם, v Yirmiya 7:8 Melachim Beis 18:21, Yechezkel 37:11 נִגְזַרְנוּ לָנוּ we are quite cut off, Iyov 6:19 קִוּוּ לָמוֹ (implying that they fed themselves on hope), Iyov 15:28 יֵשְֽׁבוּ לָמוֹ which should not sit (be inhabited), Iyov 19:29 גּוּרוּ לָכֶם, Shir HaShirim 2:17; Shir HaShirim 8:14 דְּמֵה לְךָ, and the freq. הִשָּׁמֶר־לְךָ take heed to thyself Breishis 24:6 +; with an adjective, Amos 2:13 הַמְּלֵאָה לָהּ עָמִיר. (Cf. Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 315and Very common in Syriac, especially b: Nöldeke's Syriac Grammar § 224.)

of reference to a norm or standard, according to, after, by:—(a) Breishis 1:11 + often P לְמִינוֹ according to its kinds, Breishis 8:19 + לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתֵיהֶם according to their families, Breishis 10:5 אִישׁ לִלְשֹׁנוֹ, v Breishis 10:31, Breishis 10:32, Shemos 30:12 + לִפְקֻדֵיהֶם according to them that are numbered of them, Bamidbar 1:2 לְבֵית אֲבוֹתָם by their fathers’ houses, v Bamidbar 1:2 לִגֻלְגְּלֹתָם, v Bamidbar 1:3 לְצִבְאֹתָם, v Bamidbar 1:20 + often, especially in enumerations and classifications; Breishis 13:3 Abram went לְמַסָּעָיו by his journeyings (stages), so לְמַסְעֵיהֶם Shemos 17:1 +; Breishis 13:17 go through the land לְאָרְכָּהּ וּלְרָחְבָּהּ according to (that is to the full extent of) its length and breadth (compare Chavakuk 1:6); Breishis 41:47 לִקְמָצִים by handfuls, Bamidbar 24: Bamidbar 24:2 + לִשְׁבָטָיו by its tribes, Shmuel Alef 29:2 עברים למאות ולאלפים by hundreds and thousands, Shmuel Beis 18:4, לְעָרֶיהָ Bamidbar 32:33 Yehoshua 18:9; Shoftim 19:19 לַעֲצָמֶיהָ according to her bones (that is limb by limb), Yechezkel 24:6 לִנְתָחֶיהָ piece by piece; Tehillim 140:12 to hunt לְמַדְחֵפוֹת thrust-wise, with thrust upon thrust, Yeshaya 27:12 לְאַחַד אֶחָד (Gesenius Ewald) by one, one (that is one by one); hence, especially with plurals, it acquires sometimes a distributive force, as לַבְקָרִים Yeshaya 33:2 by mornings = every morning (compare 6), so לַבְּקָרִים Tehillim 73:14; Tehillim 101:8 +, לִרְגָעִים Yeshaya 27:3 + every moment, לֶחֳדָשִׁים Yeshaya 47:13 every month, Yechezkel 47:12 Melachim Alef 10:22 אַחַת לְשָׁלוֹשׁ שָׁנִים once every three years, Amos 4:4 לשׁלשׁת ימים every three days (but see Wellhausen), Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:25; in Chr לשׁער ושׁער, לעיר ועיר, Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:14; Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:5, Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:11. (b) denoting the principle, with regard to which an act is done, לְמִסְפַּר according to the number of … Devarim 32:8 Shoftim 21:23 +, Yeshaya 11:3 to judge לְמַרְאֵה עֵינָיו, לְמִשְׁמע אָזְנָיו according to that which his eyes see, his ears hear (compare Vayikra 13:12 Iyov 42:5), Iyov 28:26, Iyov 32:1 a king will reign לְצֶדֶק according to justice (‖ לְמשׁפט), Iyov 42:3 לֶאֱמֶת = faithfully, Yirmiya 9:2 לֶאֱמוּנָה = honestly, Iyov 15:15; Iyov 30:11 (= Yirmiya 46:28) וְיִסַּרְתִּיךָ לַמִּשְׁפָּט (synon. Yirmiya 10:24 בְּמשׁפט), Hoshea 10:12 (‖ לְפִי) Yoel 2:23 לִצְדָקָה; Breishis 38:24 pregnant לִזְנוּנִים = unchastely, Bamidbar 15:24 לשׁגגה by error (elsewhere בשׁגגה), Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:3; Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:8, Shir HaShirim 7:10 flowing down למישׁרים straightly (Mishlei 23:31 ב׳), לָרֹב Iyov 26:3 Divrei HaYamim Beis 14:14, poet. לְמַכְבּיר Iyov 36:31 in abundance, לְאַט = gently Shmuel Beis 18:5 +; Shemos 16:3 Tehillim 78:25 לָשׂבַע according to satiety; לְרֶגֶל according to the foot (pace) of Breishis 33:14 + (v רֶגֶל); Shmuel Alef 23:20 לְכָל־אַוַּת נַפְשְׁךָ (Devarim 12:15 and elsewhere בְּ׳), Shmuel Beis 15:11 לְתֻמָּם according to their simplicity, that is unsuspectingly (so Melachim Alef 22:34), Melachim Alef 9:11 לְכָל־חֶפְצוֹ, Yeshaya 54:16 Yechezkel 22:6 לִזְרֹעוֹ, Iyov 12:5 Tehillim 119:91, Tehillim 119:154 לְאִמְרַֽתְךָ (‖ כְּ׳ v Tehillim 119:58, Tehillim 119:116, Tehillim 119:170), Koheles 1:10 long ago לְעולמים according to (measured by) the ages etc. (v Hitzig): so also in the phr. לְפִי חֶרֶב according to a sword’s mouth, that is as the sword would devour, without quarter, Yehoshua 6:21 + often לְפִי … itself also, in various figuratively applications, has the force of according to, Breishis 47:12, etc. (see פֶּה); and in לְאֵל יָדְֽךָ (אֵין) יֵשׁ it is (not) according to the power of thy hand (see p. 43). Similarly Devarim 11:11 לִמְטַר הַשָּׁמַיִם after the manner of the rain of heaven, that is as the rain permits (opposite to the artificial irrigation of v Devarim 11:10), Shoftim 21:12 + לְמִשְׁכַּב זָכָר, Yechezkel 12:12 לַעַיִן that is as the eye sees it.

designating a condition or state: לָבֶטַח in a state of confidence = confidently, Vayikra 25:18 + often; לְבָדָד, לְבַד, in a state of separation (= apart), so לְבַדּוֹ (see pp. 94, 95); לְשָׁלוֹם Breishis 44:17 +, לְפֶתַע suddenly †Yeshaya 29:5; Yeshaya 30:13; לִבְלִי in a condition of no … = without, Yeshaya 5:14 + (see בלי), so לְאֵין … (late, see p. 35), לְלֹא †Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:3; further Yeshaya 1:5 לָחֳלִי in a state of sickness, Yeshaya 50:11 לְמַעֲצֵבָה, Tehillim 45:15 לִרְקָמוֹת, Ezra 2:63 = Nechemia 7:64 a priest לאורים ולתמים having relation to (that is with) U. and Th., Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:21 לְהַדְרַת קֹדֶשׁ = in holy adornment (compare בְּ׳ Tehillim 29:2; Tehillim 96:9). And of a concomitant circumstance (Germ. bei), in presence of, at, Iyov 29:3 לְאוֹרוֹ, Chavakuk 3:11, לקול … Iyov 21:2 Ezra 3:13.

towards, against, sometimes with collat. idea of in view of, much rarer than בְּ, but expressing concurrence (at) rather than duration (in): Breishis 3:8 לְרוּחַ הַיּום at the breeze of the day, לְעֵת in various connexions, as לְעֵת עֶרֶב Breishis 8:11 + (see עֵת); לְעִתִּים מְזֻמָּנִים †Ezra 10:14 Nechemia 10:35; בַּצָּרָה לְעִתּוֹת† Tehillim 9:10; Tehillim 10:1; לְיוֹם … at, on the day of, Tehillim 81:4 Mishlei 7:20 Iyov 21:30 +, מה תעשׂו לְיוֹם … Yeshaya 10:3 Hoshea 9:5 (compare Yirmiya 5:31); לַיָּמִים אֲשֶׁר … †Yechezkel 22:14; לַיּוֹם אֲשֶׁר … †Malachi 3:17; לתשׁובת השׁנה Shmuel Beis 11:1 +; לתקופת הימים †Shmuel Alef 1:20, לתקופת השׁנה †Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:23 (Shemos 34:22 without לְ), (יָמִים) לְקֵץ שָׁנִים (late) Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:2 Nechemia 13:6 Daniel 11:6, Daniel 11:13 (in early Hebrew מִקֵּץ יָמִים); לשׁנת … †Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:10; לַבֹּקֶר Tehillim 30:6; Tehillim 49:15 + (Shemos 34:2 after הֱיֵה נָכוֹן = against for; compare Shemos 19:11 Mishlei 21:31); (לַבְּקָרִים Yeshaya 33:2, see 5 i); לערב Breishis 49:27 (‖ בבקר) +; לְמָחָר †Shemos 8:6 (in answer to v Shemos 8:5 לְמָתַי), v Shemos 8:19 Esther 5:12 (Bamidbar 11:18 Yehoshua 7:13 after הִתְקַדְּשׁוּ = against), לַמָּחֳרָת Yonah 4:7 (compare Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:21); לָאוֹר Iyov 24:14; לַמּוֹעֵד, לְמוֹעֵד …, Breishis 17:21 Shemos 23:15 +; לְפָנִים and לִפְנֵי before (often); לְאָחוֹר hereafter, †Yeshaya 41:23; Yeshaya 42:23; Tehillim 32:6; with inf. (rare), in the phr. (עֶרֶב) לִפְנוֹת (הַ)בֹּקֶר Breishis 24:63 +, Shmuel Beis 18:29 Yeshaya 7:15 לְדַעְתּוֹ when he knoweth.

to denote the close of a period (rare), Breishis 7:4 לימים עוד שׁבעה, v Breishis 7:10 Shemos 19:15 Shmuel Beis 13:23 Amos 4:4 לשׁלשׁת ימים (Wellhausen); Ezra 10:8, Ezra 10:9 Nechemia 6:15 Daniel 12:7 (compare עַד Daniel 7:25) Divrei HaYamim Beis 21:19 (so Syriac see Payne Smith (Syriac Thesaurus) ܠ 5).

towards, to, Shemos 34:25 לא ילין לַבֹּקֶר (usually עַד, as Shemos 23:18), Devarim 16:4 Shmuel Alef 13:8 (after נוֹחַל), Amos 4:7 בעוד שׁלשׁה חדשׁים לַקָּצִיר to the harvest; often in the expressions לְעוֹלָם, לָנֶצַח, לְדוֹר וַדוֹר, לְדֹר דֹּר; rather differently in מִיּוֹם לָיוֹם Tehillim 96:2 (‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:23 אל), Esther 3:7 (that is passing from day to day), compare Shmuel Beis 14:26 (Giesebrecht ^{30 f.}).

for, during, Yeshaya 63:18 לַמִּצְעָר (si vera l.), Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:17 לשׁנים שׁלושׁ, Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:17.

most commonly the end or purpose of an action (= the Lat. gerund with ad, for example ad faciendum, to do): Breishis 1:17 and he placed them in the firmament לְהָאִיר וְלִמְשֹׁל … וּלְהַבְדִּיל to give light …, and to rule …, and to divide, etc., Breishis 2:15 set him in the garden לְעָבְדָהּ וּלְשָׁמְרָהּ to till it, and to keep it, v Breishis 2:19 brought them to Adam לִרְאוֹת to see, etc., + very often; Breishis 19:20 קְרֹבָה לָנוּס שָׁ֫מָּה near for fleeing thither, Koheles 3:2 עֵת לָלֶדֶת a time for bringing forth. The neg. is expressed by לְבִלְתִּי, q.see

with reference to, limiting or qualifying the idea expressed by the principal verb, and so resolvable sometimes into so as to, to, sometimes into in respect of, in:—(a) so as to, to, Devarim 8:6 and keep the commands of לָלֶכֶת בִּדְרָכָיו וּלְיִרְאָה אֹתוֹ י׳ to walk in his ways, and to fear him, Devarim 10:15; Devarim 11:22; Devarim 19:9 Melachim Alef 2:3, Melachim Alef 2:4; Melachim Alef 11:2 Shmuel Alef 20:20, Shmuel Alef 20:36 Yoel 2:26 אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה עִמָּכֶם לְהַפְלִיא so as to do wondrously, Yechezkel 5:6; Shoftim 5:18 עַם חֵרֵף נַפְשׁוֹ לָמוּת so as to die, for dying [not ‘unto death’], Shoftim 16:16 Melachim Beis 20:1 חָלָה לָמוּת; Breishis 2:3 לַעֲשׂוֹת so as to make (or in making) which, he created; and in the very freq. לֵאמֹר, introducing the words spoken, so as to say = saying (Germ. indem er sagte), Breishis 1:22, etc. (b) in respect of, in (compare 5 e (b)) Breishis 34:7 Shmuel Alef 12:17 your evil is great that ye have done לִשְׁאוֹל לכם מלך in asking for yourselves a king, v Breishis 34:29 Shmuel Alef 14:33 the people sin against J. לאכל על־הדם in eating with the blood, Shmuel Alef 19:5 Shmuel Beis 19:7 Melachim Beis 4:24 Yirmiya 44:18 Tehillim 36:3; Tehillim 63:3; Tehillim 78:18; Tehillim 101:8; Tehillim 103:20 Nechemia 13:18. And with the tert. compar., above, 5 e (b). Especially with verbs expressing what with us would be denoted by an adverb adjunct, but in Hebrew idiom forms the principal idea, as Shmuel Alef 1:12 הִרְבְּתָה לְהִתְפַּלֵּל literally did much in respect of praying (= prayed long or much), Yeshaya 55:7 בִּי יַרְבֶּה לִסְלוֹחַ +; Melachim Beis 2:10 הִקְשִׁיתָ לִשְׁאוֹל thou hast done hardly in respect of asking (= asked a hard thing), Melachim Alef 14:9 הֵרַע לַעֲשׂוֹת; so with הקריב Breishis 12:11, מִהַר Breishis 27:20, הרחיק Shemos 8:24 הֶעְפִּיל Bamidbar 14:44, הֵהִין Devarim 1:41, בֹּשֵׁשׁ Shoftim 5:28, הפליא Shoftim 13:19 Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:15 (with passive verb), שׁוּב Melachim Alef 13:17 Ezra 9:14, היטיב Yirmiya 1:12 + (without לְ Shmuel Alef 16:17), העמיק Yeshaya 29:15 +, קֵרֵב Yechezkel 36:9, הגדיל Yoel 2:2 +, קִדַּמְתִּי לִבְרֹחַ Yonah 4:2, הגביהּ Tehillim 113:5, השׁפיל v Tehillim 113:6; Breishis 31:27 נַחְבֵּאתָ לִבְרֹחַ hast hidden thyself in regard to fleeing = hast fled secretly, Shmuel Beis 19:4 וַיִּתְגַּנֵּב לָבוֹא = come in stealthily. (c) by an extension of (b), the inf. with לְ so forms the complement of a verb that, if the verb be trans., it becomes virtually its object: so very often with such verbs as הוסיף to add Breishis 4:2, Breishis 4:12, הֵחֵל to begin Breishis 6:1, חדל Breishis 11:8, יכל Breishis 13:6, מִהָר Breishis 18:7, נתן to permit Breishis 20:6, אבה Breishis 24:5, בקשׁ Shemos 2:15, מֵאֵן Shemos 7:14, למד Devarim 14:23, חפץ Devarim 25:8, ידע Melachim Alef 5:20 (these all occur also without לְ); הואיל to undertake, consent, Breishis 18:27, Breishis 18:31, בִּלָּה to finish, תָּמַם Devarim 2:16 (to come to an end in respect of), קִוָּה Yeshaya 5:2; also צִוָּה Breishis 50:2, אָמַר Shemos 2:14, דִּמָּה Bamidbar 33:56, חשׁב Shmuel Alef 18:26, יעץ Tehillim 62:5, לִמֵּד Yirmiya 12:16, אָהֵב Hoshea 12:8: Devarim 10:12 what doth י׳ ask of thee כי אם ליראה except to fear etc.? (compare Micha 6:8 after דרשׁ without ל). (d) as the subj. of a sentence (rare): Yeshaya 10:7 להשׁמיד בלבבו, Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:12; with טוב Shmuel Alef 15:22 Tehillim 118:8, Tehillim 118:9 Koheles 7:2, Koheles 7:5 Mishlei 21:9 (usually without לְ, as v Mishlei 21:19; Mishlei 25:24 Shemos 14:12); compare Shemos 8:22 לא נכין לעשׁות כן; Shmuel Beis 18:11 וְעָלַי לָתֵת, Nechemia 13:13 Ezra 10:12; Micha 3:1 הלא לכם לדעת, Ezra 4:3 Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:5; Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:17; Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:18. (e) with יֵשׁ, אֵין (late), and (more rarely) לֹא, in sense of it is (not) possible to …, or (sometimes) there is no need to …: see יֵשׁ 2 c c (p. 442); אַיִן 5 (p. 34 b), adding Chaggai 1:6 Esther 8:8 Divrei HaYamim Beis 22:9; לֹא 1 a b (p. 518): and compare Driver^{§ 202} Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 114 l Dav ^{§ 94 b, 95 b}. (f) with הָיָה, to express the idea of destination, as Bamidbar 24:22 יהיה לְבָעֵר וקין shall be for consuming, Devarim 31:17 Yeshaya 5:5; Yeshaya 6:13; Yeshaya 37:26 Yechezkel 30:16 Tehillim 109:13 +. Cf. מֶה לַעֲשׂוֹת what is (was) to be done? Yeshaya 5:4 K 4:13 Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:9 +(Driver^{§ 203}). (g) expressing (according to the context) tendency, intention, or obligation (the ‘periphrastic’ future):—Hoshea 9:13 וְאֶפְרַיִם לְהוֹצִיא אֶל הוֹרֵג בָּנָיו is for bringing forth (= must bring forth), Yeshaya 10:32 עוד היום בנֹב לעמד is he for tarrying (must he tarry), Yeshaya 38:20 י׳ להושׁיעני, י׳ is (ready) to save me, Yeshaya 44:14 (si vera l.), Yirmiya 51:49 Chavakuk 1:17 Tehillim 32:9; Tehillim 49:15 צוּרָם לְבַלּוֹת שְׁאוֹל = must Sheol waste away, Tehillim 62:10 בְּמֹאזְנַיִם לַעֲלוֹת, Mishlei 18:24; Mishlei 19:8 שׁומר תבונה למצא טוב will be finding prosperity, Mishlei 20:25 Iyov 30:6 Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:5 (לִבְנוֹת), Koheles 3:15: of past time, Breishis 15:12 ויהי השׁמשׁ לבוא was about to go down, Yehoshua 2:5 Shmuel Alef 14:21 (text. doubtful: Driver^{§ 206 Obs.}), Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:5 (strangely) ויהי לדרשׁ אלהים Revised Version set himself to seek; usually without היה, Shmuel Beis 4:10 אֲשֶׁר לְתִתִּי לוֹ to whom it was for my giving (I ought to have given), Melachim Beis 13:19 לְהַכּוֹת percutiendum erat, Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:25, and more freely Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:22 כי להמליכו for (he was) for making him king, Divrei HaYamim Beis 12:12 ולא להשׁחית and was no longer for destroying him, Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:19(?): in a question, Breishis 30:15 וְלָקַחַת and art thou for taking? Esther 7:8 Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:2 הֲלָרָשָׁע לַעְזֹר wilt thou help the wicked? Cf. Driver^{§ 204}, Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 114 h-k, Dav ^{§ 94}. (h) with וְ, in contin. (mostly) of a finite verb or ptcp., Shemos 32:29 מַלְאוּ יֶדְכֶם … וְלָתֵת and be for placing etc. Vayikra 10:10 (?), Shmuel Alef 8:12 יִקַּח … וְלָשׂוּם, Yirmiya 19:12 אעשׂה … וְלָתֵת, Yirmiya 44:14 Hoshea 12:3 Tehillim 25:14; Tehillim 109:16 Iyov 34:8 Koheles 7:25; Koheles 9:1 (si vera l.), Daniel 12:11 Nechemia 8:13 Divrei HaYamim Alef 10:13 Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:8; Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:17; Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:13; Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:9, Yechezkel 13:22; Amos 8:4 הַשֹּׁאֲפִים אֶבְיוֹן וְלַשְׁבִּית וג׳ and (that are) for making the poor to cease, Yeshaya 44:28 הָאוֹמֵר … וְלֵאמֹר, Yeshaya 56:6 Tehillim 104:21 Yirmiya 17:10; Yirmiya 44:19 Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:34 (compare Driver^{§ 206} Dav ^{§ 96 R. 4}).—On לְמִן, see מִן.

with a verb; so most freq., and nearly always (a) with the finite tenses, whether pf. (Breishis 2:5; Breishis 4:5 etc.) or impf. (Breishis 3:4; Breishis 8:21, Breishis 8:22 etc.); in short circumst. clauses, as Breishis 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Yeshaya 40:20 לֹא יִמּוֹט, and with a final force Yeshaya 41:7 Shemos 28:32 (see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 156. 3 R. b, c Driver^{§ 162}). Governing two closely connected verbs (Driver^{§115, לא}) Shemos 28:43 וְלֹא יִשְׂאוּ עָוֹן וָמֵתוּ, Vayikra 19:12, Vayikra 19:29 b Devarim 7:25, Devarim 7:26; Devarim 19:10; Devarim 22:1 and elsewhere; and two parallel clauses (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 152. 3) Yeshaya 23:4 Tehillim 9:19; Tehillim 44:19 Iyov 3:11 and elsewhere With the impf., especially with 2 ps., לֹא often expresses (not, like אַל, a deprecation, do not …, let not …, but) a prohibition, as Breishis 2:17 לֹא תֹאכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shalt not eat of it, Breishis 3:1, Breishis 3:3 Shemos 20:3 לֹא־יִהְיֶה לְךָ there shall not be to thee, etc., v Breishis 3:13 לא תגנב, etc. With the coh. and juss. moods (which are negatived regularly by אַל), it occurs only exceptionally (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) §109. 1 b R. 1), Breishis 24:8 Shmuel Alef 14:36 Shmuel Beis 17:12; Shmuel Beis 18:14 Melachim Alef 2:6 Yechezkel 48:14. (b) with the inf. (which is negatived by בִּלְתִּי, q.see), only once, in בְּלֹא (4 a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot, or must not; †Shoftim 1:19 כי לא להורושׁ for it was not (possible) to dispossess, etc. Amos 6:10 לא להזכיר בשׁם י׳, Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:1; Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:2 (Driver^{§ 202. 2}); compare Aramaic לָא Daniel 6:9 Ezra 6:8. On its use with the ptcp., see b c. (c) לא always negatives properly the word immed. following: hence, in a verbal sentence, where this is not the verb, some special stress rests upon it, Breishis 32:29 לֹא יַעֲקֹב יֵאָמֵר עוֹד וג׳ not Jacob shall thy name be called any more, but Israel, Breishis 45:8 לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי Not ye (in our idiom: It is not ye who) have sent me hither, but God, Shemos 16:8 Shmuel Alef 8:7 כִּי לֹא אֹתְךָ מָאָסוּ כִּי אֹתִי וג׳, Tehillim 115:17; without a following correcting clause, Breishis 38:9 Bamidbar 16:29 לֹא י׳ שְׁלָחָנִי ׃ Not י׳ (but another) hath sent me, Devarim 32:27 לֹא י׳ פָּעַל זֹאת, Divrei HaYamim Alef 17:4 Devarim 8:9 Yeshaya 28:28 לא לנצח … not for ever (but only for a while) … (so Yeshaya 57:16 Tehillim 9:19; Tehillim 49:20; Tehillim 103:9; but Yeshaya 13:20 לא תשׁב לנצח is, will not be inhabited for ever), Yeshaya 43:22 Iyov 13:16; Iyov 32:9; hence rhetorically, insinuating something very different, not named, Melachim Beis 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly), Ezra 10:13 Yirmiya 4:11 a wind לֹא לְזָרוֹת וְלוֹא לְהָבַֽר׃ not to winnow, and not to cleanse (but to exterminate), Yeshaya 45:13; Yeshaya 48:1 Yehoshua 24:12 Daniel 11:20, Daniel 11:29 Iyov 34:20 לֹא בְיָד (but by a Divine agency: compare Daniel 2:34; also Iyov 20:26 אֵשׁ לֹא נֻפָּ֑ח fire not blown upon [but kindled from heaven], Eicha 4:6; and אין Yeshaya 47:14). (d) standing alone: (a) אִם־לֹא if not, Breishis 18:21 וְאִם־לֹא אֵדָֽעָה׃, Breishis 24:49; Breishis 42:16 Iyov 9:24; Iyov 24:25; (β) הֲ … אִם־לֹא, or not, Breishis 24:21 waiting to know הַהִצְלִיחַ י׳ דַּדְכּוֹ אִם־לֹא, Breishis 27:21; Breishis 37:32 Shemos 16:4 Bamidbar 11:23 Devarim 8:2 Shoftim 2:22 (compare אִם אַיִן, אַיִן 2 d β, δ). In answer to a question or request, to deny, or decline, Nay, Noldeke: Shoftim 12:5 ויאמר לא, Chaggai 2:12; לא אדני Breishis 23:11; Breishis 42:10 Shmuel Alef 1:15 +; often followed by כי, Noldeke: for … = Noldeke: but …, Breishis 18:15 ויאמר לֹא כִּי צָחָ֑קְתְּ, Breishis 19:2 Yehoshua 5:14; Yehoshua 24:21; Shmuel Alef 2:16 Keri (see Driver), Shmuel Alef 10:19 (Septuagint MSS), Shmuel Beis 16:18; Shmuel Beis 24:24 Melachim Alef 3:22^(×2) +; Iyov 23:6 (strangely). (Cf., in deprecation, אַל.) (e) with an interrog. force, which however does not lie in לא as such, but (as in other cases) in the contrast with a preceding clause, or in the tone of voice (compare וְ 1 f; Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 324 a Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 150. 1 Driver Shmuel Alef 11:12): Yonah 4:11 אַתָּה חַסְתָּ … וַאֲנִי לֹא אָחוּס וג׳, Iyov 2:10; Iyov 22:11; Shemos 8:22; Melachim Beis 5:26 Yirmiya 49:9 (‖ Ovadia 1:5 הֲלוֹא), Malachi 2:15 Eicha 3:38; and in passages, exeg. or text. doubtful (see commentaries), Shmuel Alef 20:14 Shmuel Beis 23:5 (but see Budde), Hoshea 10:9 (Ewald Wellhausen), Hoshea 11:5 (Ewald), Iyov 14:16 (but Septuagint Ewald Dillmann תַעֲבֹר), Eicha 1:12 (Ewald Ke), Eicha 3:36 (Ke Bä).

with adjs. and substs.: (a) Breishis 2:18 לֹא טוֹב הֱיוֹת הָאָדָם לְבַדּוֹ not good is man’s being alone, Shemos 18:17 + often (b) Shemos 4:16 לֹא אִישׁ דְּבָרִים אָנֹכִי, Amos 7:14 לא נביא אנכי, Bamidbar 23:19 לֹא אִישׁ אֵל וִיכַזֵּב, Devarim 17:15 (see אשׁר 2 b) Devarim 20:20; Devarim 32:47 Shmuel Alef 15:29 Shmuel Beis 18:20 לֹא אִישׁ בְּשֹׂרָה אַתָּה הַיּוֹם, Shmuel Beis 21:2 Melachim Alef 22:33 Melachim Beis 6:19 לא זֹה הדרך, Micha 2:10 Yeshaya 27:11 Hoshea 8:6; והמה לא אלהים Yirmiya 2:11; Yirmiya 16:20 Melachim Beis 19:18; Melachim Alef 19:11^(×2) לֹא בָרַעַשׁ י׳, Devarim 30:12, Devarim 30:13 Iyov 15:9; Iyov 28:14 לֹא בִי הִיא (‖ אֵין עִמָּדִי), Tehillim 74:9 Yirmiya 5:10 לוא לי׳ המה, Yirmiya 10:16; Devarim 32:21 בָּנִים לֹא אֵמוּן בָּם, Yirmiya 10:14 Chavakuk 1:14 Iyov 16:17; Iyov 38:26 מִדְבָּר לֹא אָדָם בּוֹ; Melachim Alef 22:17 לֹא אֲדֹנִים לָאֵלֶּה, Yirmiya 49:31 Tehillim 22:3 וְלֹא דוּמִיָּה לִי, Iyov 18:17, Iyov 18:19; Iyov 29:12 ולא עֹזֵר לו, Iyov 30:13; Iyov 33:9; Yirmiya 2:19 וְלֹא פַחְדָּתִי אֵלַיִךְ and (that) my terror reached not unto thee, Iyov 21:9; absolute Breishis 29:7 לֹא־עֵת הֵאָסֵף הַמִּקְנֶה (Chaggai 1:2), Bamidbar 20:5 Melachim Beis 4:23 לא חדשׁ ולא שׁבת, Yeshaya 44:19 Yirmiya 5:12 ויאמרו לוא הוא, Iyov 9:32; Iyov 22:16; Iyov 36:26 (?) Iyov 41:2; Mishlei 19:7 (si vera l.) מְרַדֵּף אֲמָרִים לֹא־הֵמָּה words which are not, which are nought. (c) with the ptcp. לֹא is rare, a finite verb being usually preferred (Shemos 34:7 וְנַקֵּה לֹא יְנַקֶּה: Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 320 c Driver^{§ 162}): Shmuel Beis 3:34 יָדֶיךָ לֹא אֲסֻרוֹת, Yechezkel 4:14; Yechezkel 22:24 Devarim 28:61 Tehillim 38:15 כְּאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר לֹא שֹׁמֵעַ who is not hearing, Iyov 12:3; Iyov 13:2 לֹא נֹפֵל אָנֹכִי מִכֶּם, Tzefania 3:5 (very anom.); Melachim Alef 10:21 לא is probably textual error. In וְהוּא לֹא שֹׂנֵא לוֹ or לא שׂנא הוא לו, Devarim 4:42; Devarim 19:4, Devarim 19:6 Yehoshua 20:5 (compare אֹיֵב Bamidbar 35:23), שׂנֵא is best construed as a noun, he being a not-hater to him aforetime.—In most of the cases under b, c, אין could have been employed; but the negation by לֹא is more pointed and forcible.

coupled to an adjective to negative it, like the Gk. ἀ—, but usually by way of litotes: Hoshea 13:13 בן לא־חכם an unwise son, Tehillim 36:5 דֶּרֶךְ לֹא טוֹב a way not good, Tehillim 43:1 גוי לא חסיד, Mishlei 16:29; Mishlei 30:25, Mishlei 30:26 Yechezkel 20:25 Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:17: Yeshaya 16:14 לוֹא כַבִּיר, compare Yeshaya 10:7 לֹא מְעַט.

with a ptcp. Yirmiya 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה, Yirmiya 18:15 (the finite verb is more common: see Yeshaya 62:12 עִיר לֹא נֶעֱזָ֫בָה (compare Yeshaya 54:11), Yirmiya 6:8 אֶרֶץ לוֹא נוֹשָׁ֫בָה, Yirmiya 15:18; Yirmiya 22:6; Yirmiya 31:18 Tzefania 2:1).

†Breishis 15:13 בארץ לא להם, Yirmiya 5:19 Chavakuk 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֹת לֹא־לוֹ, Mishlei 26:17 רִיב לֹא־לוֹ.

with a noun, in poetry, forming a kind of compound, expressing pointedly its antithesis or negation (Germ. un- is sometimes used similarly): Devarim 32:5 (?), Devarim 32:17, Devarim 32:21 a they made me jealous בְּלֹא אֵל with a not-God (with what in no respect deserved the name of God), v b בְּלֹא עָם that is with an unorganized horde, Amos 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר that is at a thing wh. is not, an unreality (of their boasted strength), Yeshaya 10:15 כְּהָרִים מַטֶּה לֹא עֵץ like a rod’s lifting up what is no wood (but the agent wielding it), Yeshaya 31:8 חרב לא אישׁ, חרב לא אדם, Yeshaya 55:2 בלוא לחם for what is not bread, בלוא לשׂבעה for what is not for satiety, Yirmiya 5:7 וַיּשָּֽׁבְעוּ בְּלֹא אֱלֹהִים by not-goods, in late prose Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:9 כֹּהֵן לְלֹא אֱלֹהִים; Tehillim 44:13 תִּמְכֹּר עַמְּךָ בְּלֹא־הוֹן for no-value (that is cheaply), Mishlei 13:23 Iyov 10:22 צלמות וְלֹא סְדָרִים darkness and disorder; so לֹא־עַמִּי Hoshea 1:9; Hoshea 2:25: still more pregnantly Iyov 26:2 מֶה־עָזַרְתָּ לְלֹא־כֹחַ (poet. for לאשׁר אין לו כח) the powerless, v Iyov 26:2, Iyov 26:3 (Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 286 g Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 152. 1 n.), Iyov 39:16 הִקְשִׁיחַ בָּנֶיהָ לְלֹא לָהּ useth hardly her young ones (making them) into none of hers; and even Chavakuk 2:6 הַמַּרְבֶּה לֹא־לוֹ what is not his own (compare Iyov 18:15 מִבְּלִי לוֹ). Cf. with a verb, and ellipse of אשׁר, Yeshaya 65:1 לְלֹא שָׁאָ֑לוּ to those who have not asked, v b Yirmiya 2:8 אַחֲרֵי לֹא יוֹעִילוּ, v Yirmiya 2:11; also לֹא רֻחָ֫מָה Hoshea 1:6, Hoshea 1:8; Hoshea 2:25, and probably Iyov 31:31 לֹא נִשְׂבָּ֑ע (pf. in p.) one not satisfied.

in circ. clauses (Driver^{§ 164}), poet. and rare: qualifying a noun, Shmuel Beis 23:4 בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֹת a morning without clouds, Iyov 12:24 בְּתֹהוּ לֹא דֶרֶךְ in a pathless waste, Iyov 38:26; and a verb Iyov 34:24 יָרֹעַ כַּבִּירִים לֹא חֵקֶר without inquiry, Tehillim 59:4 לא פשׁעי ולא חטאתי (compare v Tehillim 59:4 בלי עון), in late prose, twice, Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:30, Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:32 וימת לא בנים (אֵין and בְּלִי, q.see, are more usual in such cases).

†בְּלֹא₃₁ (chiefly poet. or late), according to the varying signif. of בְּ: (a) usually with not = without, Yirmiya 22:13 בונה ביתו בלא־צדק without justice (‖ בלא משׁפט; so Yechezkel 22:29 Mishlei 16:8), Yeshaya 55:1, Yeshaya 55:1 Mishlei 19:2, Iyov 8:11 הֲיִגְאֶה־גֹּמֶא בְּלֹא בִצָּה without mire (‖ בלי מים), Iyov 30:28 בְּלֹא חַמָּה (= not through the sun), Eicha 1:6 וילכו בלא־כח, Bamidbar 35:22 בְּלֹא אֵיבָה … בְּלֹא צְדִיָּה, v Bamidbar 35:23 (followed by inf.) בְּלֹא רְאוֹת, Divrei HaYamim Beis 21:20 Koheles 10:11; Tehillim 17:1 תְּפִלָּתִי בְּלֹא שִׂפְתֵי מִרְמָה; used more freely in Chr, Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:18 בְּלֹא חָמָס בְּכַפָּֽי׃, v Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:34 בְּלֹא לֵב וָלֵב, Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:18 בְּלֹא כַכָּתוּב. With ellipse of rel., Eicha 4:14 בְּלֹא יוּכְלוּ יִגְּעוּ without (that) men are able to touch, etc. (b) of time, in not, that is outside of, Vayikra 15:25 בלא עֶת־נִדָּתָתּ, before Iyov 15:32 בלא־יומו, Koheles 7:17 בְּלֹא עִתֶּךְ ׃. (c) where לֹא belongs to the following word, and is only accidentally preceded by ב (see above 2 d), Devarim 32:21^(×2) Yirmiya 5:7 Mishlei 13:23 בלא משׁפט through injustice; with בְּ pretii, Tehillim 44:13 Yeshaya 55:2^(×2) Yirmiya 2:11 בְּלוֹא יוֹעִיל for (that which) profiteth not.

הֲלֹא nonne? Breishis 4:7 + often Inviting, as it does, an affirmative answer, it is often used, (a) especially in conversation, for pointing to a fact in such a way as to arouse the interest of the person addressed, or to win his assent: Breishis 13:9 Is not the whole land before thee? Breishis 19:20; Breishis 20:5; Breishis 27:36; Breishis 29:25 Shemos 4:11 Who maketh dumb or deaf, etc.? Do not I? Shemos 33:16 Shoftim 4:6, Shoftim 4:14; Shoftim 8:2; Shoftim 9:28, Shoftim 9:38 Shmuel Alef 9:20, Shmuel Alef 9:21; Shmuel Alef 15:17 etc.; with a verb in 1 ps., Yehoshua 1:9 הלא צויתיך, Shoftim 6:14 הלא שׁלחתיך, Shmuel Alef 20:30; Shmuel Beis 19:23 Rus 2:9: similarly in a poet. or rhet. style, Shoftim 5:30 הלא ימצאו יחלקו שׁלל, Yeshaya 8:19; Yeshaya 10:8, Yeshaya 10:9, Yeshaya 10:11; Yeshaya 28:25; Yeshaya 29:17; Yeshaya 40:21, Yeshaya 40:23; Yeshaya 42:24; Yeshaya 43:19 etc., Iyov 4:6, Iyov 4:21; Iyov 7:1; Iyov 10:10, Iyov 10:20, etc. (β) it has a tendency to become little more than an affirm. particle, declaring with some rhetor. emph. what is, or might be, well known: Devarim 3:11 הֲלֹה הִיא בְרַבַּת בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן, Devarim 11:30 Shmuel Alef 21:12 הלוא זה דוד וג׳ (compare Shmuel Alef 29:3, Shmuel Alef 29:5 Shmuel Beis 11:3), Shmuel Beis 23:19; Shmuel Alef 26:1 Shmuel Beis 15:35; it is thus nearly = הִנֵּה (Septuagint sometimes represents it by ἰδού, as Yehoshua 1:9 Shoftim 6:14 Rus 2:9 Shmuel Beis 15:35); so especially in the phrase of the compiler of K, And the rest of the acts of … הֲלֹא הֵם (הֵמָּה) כְּתוּבִים are they not written in, etc.? Melachim Alef 11:41; Melachim Alef 14:29 + often (with which there interchanges הִנָּם כְּתוּבִים Melachim Alef 14:19 Melachim Beis 15:11; Melachim Beis 15:26, Melachim Beis 15:31, which is generally used by the Chr, Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:11; Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:34, etc.), Yehoshua 10:13 (compare Shmuel Beis 1:18 הִנֵּה), Melachim Alef 8:53 Septuagint, Esther 10:2; Tehillim 56:14 (strangely: contr. Tehillim 116:8).—הֲלֹא הִנֵּה †Chavakuk 2:13 Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:26 (הִנָּם).—On Shoftim 14:15, see הֲ 1 end.

†וָלֹ֕א and not = and if not, Shmuel Beis 13:26 Melachim Beis 5:17. Comp. וָיֵשׁ.

†כְּלוֹא Ovadia 1:16 והיו כלוא היו, poet. for כאשׁר, as though they had not been.

†לְלֹא without, literally in the condition of no … Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:3 (comp. לְאֵין, also in Chr). Elsewhere לא belongs to the following word, Amos 6:13 Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:9 Yeshaya 65:1^(×2) Iyov 26:2, Iyov 26:3; Iyov 39:16 (see above 2 d).

the inner man in contrast with the outer, כלה שׁארי ולבבי my flesh and my heart (soul) doth fail Tehillim 73:26; antithesis with garments Yoel 2:13; hands Tehillim 73:13 Eicha 3:41 (?); eyes Bamidbar 15:39 Shmuel Alef 16:7; ears Yechezkel 3:10; mouth Devarim 30:14; speech Tehillim 28:3; Tehillim 78:18; מְתֹפֲפֹת עַל־לִבְבֵהֶן tabering upon their breasts Nachum 2:7 (inner for outer).

the inner man, indef. the soul, comprehending mind, affections and will, or, in connexion with certain verbs, having more specific reference to some one of them. בכל־לבב ובכל־נפשׁ with all the heart and with all the soul Devarim 4:29; Devarim 6:5; Devarim 10:12; Devarim 11:13; Devarim 13:4; Devarim 26:16; Devarim 30:2, Devarim 30:6, Devarim 30:10 Yehoshua 22:5; Yehoshua 23:14; Melachim Alef 2:4; Melachim Alef 8:48 (= Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:38 לב?) Melachim Beis 23:25; Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:12; Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:31 (= Melachim Beis 23:3 לב?) Yirmiya 32:41; abbr. בכל־לבב Shmuel Alef 7:3; Shmuel Alef 12:20, Shmuel Alef 12:24 Melachim Alef 14:8; Melachim Beis 10:31; Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:15; Divrei HaYamim Beis 22:9; Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:21 Tehillim 86:12; Tehillim 111:1; Yirmiya 29:13; Yoel 2:12; אשׁר בלבב what is in the heart (mind) Devarim 8:2 Shmuel Alef 9:19; Shmuel Alef 14:7; Shmuel Beis 7:3 (= Divrei HaYamim Alef 17:2) Melachim Beis 10:30; Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:31; compare Iyov 10:13, Tehillim 84:6 (?); עם לבב with the heart (mind), c. ידע Devarim 8:5, שִׂיחַ Tehillim 77:7, usually c. (היה), of a thought or purpose, Devarim 15:9; Yehoshua 14:7; Melachim Alef 8:17, Melachim Alef 8:18^(×2) (= Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:7, Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:8^(×2)) Divrei HaYamim Beis 10:2 (= Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:1) Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:7; Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:2; Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:11; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:10 (compare Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:4 לב); כלבב according to the heart Shmuel Alef 13:14; Shmuel Alef 14:7 Tehillim 20:5. Wellhausen may add Devarim 5:23; Devarim 11:16, Devarim 11:18; Devarim 17:17; Shmuel Alef 2:35; Shmuel Beis 19:15; Melachim Alef 8:39^(×2) (= Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:30^(×2)) Melachim Alef 11:2, Melachim Alef 11:3 (לב an error) v Melachim Alef 11:4, Melachim Alef 11:9; Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:17; Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:19; Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:9 Tehillim 62:9; Tehillim 86:11; Tehillim 139:23; Yeshaya 7:2; Daniel 11:27, Daniel 11:28.

specific ref. to mind (characteristic of לבב):

spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions, determinations of the will (characteristic of ל׳): הכין ל׳ set the mind, c. אֶל Shmuel Alef 7:3; Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:18, לְ Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:33 לדרשׁ Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:3; Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:19; Ezra 7:10; הטה ל׳ אֶל Yehoshua 24:23 Melachim Alef 8:58; נתן ל׳ לדרשׁ Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:19, compare Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:16; ל׳ פנה מעם mind turn away from Devarim 29:17; Devarim 30:17; יֵהָפֵךְ ל׳ פ׳ Pharaoh’s mind was changed Shemos 14:5.

spec. ref. to conscience לא יחרף לבבי my heart (conscience) shall not reproach me Iyov 27:6.

spec. ref. to moral character (characteristic of ל׳): God tries the ל׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:17:

= the man himself (meaning characteristic of נֶפֶשׁ) אמר בל׳ say in the heart (to oneself) Devarim 7:17; Devarim 8:17; Devarim 9:4; Devarim 18:21 Tehillim 4:5 Yeshaya 14:3; Yeshaya 47:8; Yeshaya 49:21; Yirmiya 5:24; Yirmiya 13:22; Tzefania 1:12; Tzefania 2:15; ללבב Hoshea 7:2 (?); דבר בל׳ Tehillim 15:2; ברכו בל׳ Iyov 1:5; התברך בל׳ Devarim 29:18 יְחִי לְבַבְכֶם let your heart (you yourselves) live Tehillim 22:27; Tehillim 69:33 (compare Tehillim 119:175).

spec. as the seat of the appetites (for which usually נֶפֶשׁ) סעד ל׳ stay the heart (with food) Tehillim 104:15 Shoftim 19:8 (?); יִיטַב לְבָבֶ֑ךָ that thine heart may be merry (with wine) Shoftim 19:9 (?); יַיִן יְשַׂמַּח ל׳ wine gladdens the heart Tehillim 104:15.

spec. of seat of the emotions and passions (for which usually נפשׁ):

seat of courage (for which usually רוּחַ), יָעֵר כֹּחוֹ וּלְבָבוֹ stir up his power and his courage Daniel 11:25; יַאֲמֵץ לְבַבְכֶם let your heart take courage Tehillim 31:25.

the inner man in contrast with outer לבי ובשׂרי ירננו my heart and my flesh cry out Tehillim 84:3; ‖ מעים Tehillim 22:15 Yirmiya 4:19, the inner for outer מעים Yirmiya 49:22; as within the breast על לב Shemos 28:3, Shemos 28:29, Shemos 28:30^(×2); מלב Melachim Beis 9:24; בלב Tehillim 37:15 Shmuel Beis 18:14; סְגוֹר לִבָּם Hoshea 13:8; antithesis with בָּשָׂר Mishlei 14:30 Koheles 2:3; head Yeshaya 1:5, face Yechezkel 14:3, Yechezkel 14:4, Yechezkel 14:7; arm Shir HaShirim 8:6; hands Yechezkel 22:14; bones Tehillim 102:5; eyes Melachim Alef 9:3 (= Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:16) Yirmiya 22:17; ear Mishlei 22:17; Mishlei 23:12; mouth Tehillim 55:22; lips Yeshaya 29:13; אֲנִי יְשֵׁינָה וְלִבִּי עֵר I slept but my heart waked Shir HaShirim 5:2.

the inner man, indef., soul, comprehending mind, affections and will, with occasional emphasis of one or the other by means of certain verbs: † בכל לב Melachim Alef 8:23 (= Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:14) Tehillim 9:2; Tehillim 119:2, Tehillim 119:10, Tehillim 119:34, Tehillim 119:58, Tehillim 119:69, Tehillim 119:145; Tehillim 138:1 Mishlei 3:5 Yirmiya 3:10; Yirmiya 24:7; †עם לב Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:4 (see לבב 2); † כלב Shmuel Beis 7:21 (= Divrei HaYamim Alef 17:19) Yirmiya 3:15; תַּעֲלֻמוֹת לֵב secrets of the heart Tehillim 44:22; לֵב מְלָכִים אֵין חֵקֶר the heart of kings is unsearchable Mishlei 25:3; הַיֹּצֵר יַחַד לִבָּם Tehillim 33:15 etc.

specific reference to mind:

spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions and determinations of the will; †הכין לב set the mind Divrei HaYamim Beis 12:14 Tehillim 10:17; Tehillim 78:8; Iyov 11:13; †נכון לב Tehillim 57:8^(×2) (= Tehillim 108:2) Tehillim 78:37; Tehillim 112:7; †נתן לב לְ Koheles 1:13, Koheles 1:17; Koheles 7:21; Koheles 8:9, Koheles 8:16; Mishlei 23:26 Daniel 10:12; † נתן אל לב Koheles 7:2; Koheles 9:1; Nechemia 2:12; Nechemia 7:5 differ from Koheles 7:2; Koheles 9:1 (the ‘heart’ here not being the subject’s). בלב Shemos 35:34 Ezra 7:27 Koheles 3:11; †אֲשֶׁר־נְשָׂאוֹ לִבּוֹ whose heart stirred him up Shemos 35:21; Shemos 36:2 compare Shemos 35:26 (all P); †נְדִיב לֵב willing of mind Shemos 35:5, Shemos 35:22 Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:31 compare Shemos 25:2; Shemos 35:29: †אחרי נטה לב inclined to follow Shoftim 9:3 Tehillim 119:112; Mishlei 2:2; †הטה לב Melachim Alef 11:3 Tehillim 119:36; Tehillim 141:4 compare Shmuel Beis 15:13:—גְּדֹלִים חִקְקֵי־לֵב great resolves of heart Shoftim 5:15 etc.

spec. ref. to conscience, וַיַּךְ לֵב דָּוִד אֹתוֹ and David’s heart (conscience) smote him Shmuel Alef 24:6; מִכְשׁוֹל לֵב offence of conscience Shmuel Alef 25:31; compare Koheles 7:22.

spec. ref. to moral character, God tries the heart Tehillim 17:3 Yirmiya 12:3; sees the heart and reins Yirmiya 20:12, tries them Tehillim 7:10 Yirmiya 11:20, refines them Tehillim 26:2; searches the heart and tries the reins Yirmiya 17:10.

for the man himself, † אמר בלב Breishis 17:17, Breishis 27:41, Melachim Alef 12:26 Esther 6:6 Tehillim 10:6, Tehillim 10:11, Tehillim 10:13; Tehillim 14:1 (= Tehillim 53:2) Tehillim 35:25; Tehillim 74:8; Koheles 2:1, Koheles 2:15; Koheles 3:17, Koheles 3:18; Yeshaya 47:10; Ovadia 1:3; Zecharia 12:5; אֶל־לב Breishis 8:21 Shmuel Alef 27:1; † דבּר בלב Koheles 2:15; אֶל־לב Breishis 24:45; עַל לב Shmuel Alef 1:13 (?); עִם לב Koheles 1:16; נְאֻם־פֶּשַׁע לָרָשָׁע בְּקֶרֶב לִבִּי Tehillim 36:2.

as seat of appetites, סְעַד לב stay the heart (with bread) Breishis 18:5 Shoftim 19:5 Tehillim 104:15.

as seat of the emotions and passions:

seat of courage: יַאֲמֵץ לִבֶּ֑ךָ let thine heart take courage Tehillim 27:14; אַמִּיץ לִבּוֹ Amos 2:16; אַבִּירֵי לֵב stout-hearted Tehillim 76:6; Yeshaya 46:12; לִבּוֹ יָצוּק כְּמוֹ־אֶבֶן his heart as firm as a stone Iyov 41:16; לִבּוֹ כְּלֵב הָאַרְיֵה his heart as the heart of the lion Shmuel Beis 17:10; compare אֶת־לִבּוֹ מָצָא Shmuel Beis 7:27, מְלָאוֹ לִבּוֹ לְ׳ Esther 7:5 (compare Koheles 8:11).

literally put on (one’s own) garment (direct object) Breishis 38:19; Shmuel Alef 28:8; Shmuel Beis 14:2; Melachim Alef 22:30 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:29, Shemos 29:30; Vayikra 6:3, Vayikra 6:4; Vayikra 16:4^(×2), Vayikra 16:23, Vayikra 16:24, Vayikra 16:32; Vayikra 21:10; Devarim 22:5; Yechezkel 44:17, Yechezkel 44:19, and so Yechezkel 42:14 Keri (see above), Yonah 3:5; Shir HaShirim 5:3; Esther 4:1; Esther 5:1; with a direct object garment + עַל־בְּשָׂרוֹ Vayikra 16:3; of putting on armour Yirmiya 46:4; = wear (more or less habitually), with a direct object of garment, Yeshaya 4:1; Devarim 22:11; Tzefania 1:8; Zecharia 13:4; of Jerus. under figuratively of woman Yirmiya 4:30, of rulers under figuratively of shepherds Yechezkel 34:3, compare כֵּן תִּלְבַּשְׁןָ Shmuel Beis 13:18 (no direct object)

very often figuratively, put on, be clothed with, with a direct object of garment;—לָבַשׁ בְּשָׂרִי רִמָּה Iyov 7:5 my flesh is clothed (that is covered) with worms; of Jerus., be clothed with inhabitants Yeshaya 49:18; of pasture, with flocks Tehillim 65:14; more often the garment is some abstract quality, for example righteousness, majesty, beauty, strength, etc.;—וַיִּלְבַּשׁ צְדָקָה כַּשִּׁרְיָן Yeshaya 59:17 he (י׳) hath put on righteousness as a breastplate, compare v Yeshaya 59:17 (vengeance), Tehillim 93:1 (majesty), v Tehillim 93:1 (strength), Tehillim 104:1 (honour and majesty), Yeshaya 51:9 (strength); also Iyov 40:10; said of men, Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:41 (salvation), Tehillim 132:9 (righteousness), Iyov 29:14 (the same); of Zion Yeshaya 52:1^(×2); also in bad sense, clothed with terror, trembling, shame, etc., Yechezkel 7:27; Yechezkel 26:16; Iyov 8:22; Tehillim 35:26; Tehillim 109:29, compare v Tehillim 109:18 (cursing).

literally put on, object om., נָתַן … בֶּגֶד לִלְבּשׁ Breishis 28:20 Iyov 27:17; infinitive (מקור) absolute לָבוֹשׁ Chaggai 1:6 (there is) a clothing, but he has nothing for warmth.

once c. בְּ, לְבוּשׁ … אֲשֶׁר לָבַשׁ בּוֹ Esther 6:8.

participle (בינוני) passive, clothed with, chiefly Ezek.;—with a direct object of garment, Yechezkel 9:2, Yechezkel 9:3; Zecharia 3:3; Mishlei 31:21; Daniel 10:5; of wearing armour Shmuel Alef 17:5; construct before garment, לְבֻשׁ הַבַּדִּים Yechezkel 9:11; Yechezkel 10:2, Yechezkel 10:6, Yechezkel 10:7, compare Yechezkel 23:6, Yechezkel 23:12; Yechezkel 38:4; Daniel 12:6, Daniel 12:7.

figuratively:—וְרוּחַ י׳ לָֽבְשָׁה אֶת־גִּדְע֑וֹן Shoftim 6:34 and the spirit of י׳ clothed itself with Gideon, that is (G.F. Moore) took possession of him (compare ܠܒܺܝܫ possessed); so Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:18; Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:20; צֶדֶק לָבַשְׁתִּי וַיִּלְבָּשֵׁנִי Iyov 29:14 and it clothed itself in me, as it were, became incarnate in me.

usually c. 2 direct object,

with a direct object garment only, Breishis 27:16 (+ עַל־יָדָיו); figuratively, Mishlei 23:21.

with a direct object person only Breishis 3:21; Breishis 27:15 Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:15^(×2) Esther 4:4; Esther 6:9, Esther 6:11.

followed by pf. (so mostly), Devarim 32:29 לו חכמו ישׂכילו זאת if they had been wise (which they are not), they would understand this; Micha 2:11 (apod. וְהָיָה); Shoftim 8:19; Shoftim 13:23 לו חפץ י׳ להמיתנו לא לקח if J. had desired to slay us, he would not have taken, &c. Shmuel Alef 14:30 Shmuel Beis 19:7.

followed by impf. Yechezkel 14:15 if I were to send, &c. (but read probably אוֹ, compare v Yechezkel 14:17, Yechezkel 14:19).

followed by ptcp., Shmuel Beis 18:12 וְלֻא אָנֹכִי שֹׁקֵל and though I should be weighing 1000 pieces of silver upon my hand, I would not, &c. Tehillim 81:14-17 לו עמי שֹׁמֵעַ לי if my people were hearkening to me, … quickly would I bow down, &c.

followed by יֵשׁ Iyov 16:4.—With the apod. omitted, Breishis 50:15 לוּ יִשְׁמְמֵנוּ if Joseph were to hate us (how should we fare then?).

Levi, son of Jacob and Leah, as individual, Breishis 29:34; Breishis 34:25, Breishis 34:30; Breishis 35:23; Breishis 49:5 (all J); Breishis 35:23; Breishis 46:11; Shemos 1:2; Shemos 6:16^(×2) Bamidbar 3:17; Bamidbar 16:1 (all P); Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:1; Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:22; Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:1, Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:4, Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:23, Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:28, Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:32; Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:6 Ezra 8:18; so בַּת־ל׳ [אֶת־] Shemos 2:1, Bamidbar 26:59.

as head of a family of descendants, in phr. בֵּית לֵוִי Shemos 2:1, and (with ref. to tribe; late) Bamidbar 17:23, מִשְׁפַּחַת בֵּית ל׳ Zecharia 12:13.

often בְּנֵי(־)ל׳ Shemos 32:26, Shemos 32:28, Yehoshua 21:10, בְּנֵי(־)ל׳ with tribal ref. Bamidbar 3:15; Bamidbar 4:2; Bamidbar 18:21 (charged with service of tabern., and hence to receive tithes; all P); as priests הַכֹּהֲנִים בְּנֵי לֵוִי Devarim 21:5; Devarim 31:9, compare Malachi 3:3, and לֹא הָיוּ מִבְּנֵי ל׳ Melachim Alef 12:31; from the בְּנֵי ל׳ the Zadokites are selected as priests Yechezkel 40:46; according to Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:18 Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:24, Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:27 בְּנֵי ל׳ are subordinate officials in temple (compare v Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:28), compare Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:20; sharply disting. from priests Ezra 8:15, Nechemia 12:23 (compare v Nechemia 12:22); so also in later stratum of story of Korah’s revolt Bamidbar 16:7, Bamidbar 16:8, Bamidbar 16:10 (P²).

in Chr. the tribal idea is in the background, and thought of Levites as official class is prominent:

literally, human subj., often c. preposition or adverb of place, Breishis 19:2; Breishis 28:11; Shoftim 19:13, Shoftim 19:15; Rus 1:16; Iyov 24:7 + often (on Shmuel Beis 17:8 see Hiph.); c. ה location, וְלָן וְשָׁכַב אַ֫רְצָה Shmuel Beis 12:16; c. ב location + ב temp. בַּלַּיְלָה הַהוּא Breishis 32:14, Breishis 32:22; Yehoshua 8:9; c. הַלַּיְלָה (accus. temp.), Bamidbar 22:8; Yehoshua 4:3; Shmuel Beis 17:16; Shmuel Beis 19:8; Rus 3:13; of the wicked Tehillim 59:16, according to Hupfeld De Pe and elsewhere; < from ii. לון SeptuagintVulgate Aq Cheyne Baethgen and elsewhere, compare Authorized Version; simile of temporary sojourn Yirmiya 14:8 (of י׳ in Isr.)

of animals: wild ox (רְאֵם) Iyov 39:9 (followed by עַל־אֲבוּסֶ֑ךָ), porcupine (קִפֹּד) Tzefania 2:14.

inanim. subj. = remain all night: of fat of sacrifice Shemos 23:18 (E; followed by עַד־בֹּקֶר), passover meal Shemos 34:25 (P; followed by לַבֹּקֶר), Devarim 16:4 (followed by לַבֹּקֶר; all these without local designation), wages of hireling Vayikra 19:13 (H; אֶת = with + עַד־בֹּקֶר); of dead body Devarim 21:23 (עַל location); dew Iyov 29:19 (ב location); bunch of myrrh Shir HaShirim 1:13 (בֵּין location)

figuratively בָּעֶרֶב יָלִין בֶּ֑כִי Tehillim 30:6 at evening weeping may come to lodge (opposite וְלַבֹּקֶר רִנָּה).