ש

שְׁנָה (Aramaic)

noun (fem.) sleep (Targum Syriac);—with suffix שִׁנְּתֵהּ (Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 12 d)), var. שִׁנְתֵּהּ Daniel 6:19.—i. [שְׁנָה] see [שְׁנָא].

↗ original

שַׂגִּיא (Aramaic)

adjective great, much;—absolute שׂ׳ Daniel 2:6 +, fpl. שַׂגִּיאָן Daniel 2:48 Ezra 5:11;—

great, of image Daniel 2:31 (in vision), height of tree Daniel 4:7 (the same); of honour Daniel 2:6.

much, fruit Daniel 4:9, Daniel 4:18, flesh Daniel 7:5; plural many, years Ezra 5:11, gifts Daniel 2:48.

as adverb exceedingly, Daniel 2:12; Daniel 5:9; Daniel 6:15, Daniel 6:24; Daniel 7:28.

↗ original

שׂוּם (Aramaic)

verb set, make (see Biblical Hebrew; for Pers. infl. on usage compare Scheft⁶⁵);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שָׂם Ezra 5:3 +, with suffix שָׂמֵהּ Ezra 5:14; 2nd masculine singular שַׂ֫מְתָּ Daniel 3:10; 1st singular שָׂ֫מֶת טְעֵם Ezra 6:12; 3rd masculine plural שָׂמוּ Daniel 3:12; imperative (ציווי) mpl. שִׂ֫ימוּ Ezra 4:21;—

make, direct object טְעֵם = make decree Daniel 3:10; Ezra 6:1, Ezra 6:12, + verb fin. v Ezra 6:3, + inf. Ezra 4:21; Ezra 5:13 and (c. ל person) v Ezra 5:3, Ezra 5:9.

make, appoint, one’s name Daniel 5:12 (2 direct object), one to office Ezra 5:14 (2 direct object).

set, fix, direct object בָּל mind, Daniel 6:15 (c. inf.); direct object טְעֵם Daniel 3:12; Daniel 6:14 pay due regard (טְעֵם) to (עַל person). Peʿîl. 3rd masculine singular מִנִּי שִׂים טְעֵם Ezra 4:19 from me a decree is made, so Ezra 5:17; Ezra 6:8, Ezra 6:11; Ezra 7:13, Ezra 7:21; Daniel 3:29; Daniel 4:3; Daniel 6:27; literally 3rd feminine singular שֻׂמַת (read probably שִׂימַת Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 45, Beisp. 1. d)) Daniel 6:18 (of stone, עַל location).

be made: future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִתְּשָׂם Ezra 4:21 (of decree, טְעֵם c. מִן agent); 3rd masculine plural יִתְּשָׂמוּן Daniel 2:5 subj. rei + n. pred. be made into; participle (בינוני) מִתְּשָׂם Ezra 5:8 literally be set, laid, of wood, ב of wall.

↗ original

שִׂיב (Aramaic)

verb be hoary (see Biblical Hebrew);—

participle (בינוני) plural as noun = elders, term. techn., absolute שָׂבֵי יְהוּדָיֵא Ezra 5:5; Ezra 6:7, Ezra 6:8, Ezra 6:14; so emph. שָׂבַיָּא Ezra 5:9.

↗ original

שְׂעַר (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) ^{Daniel 3:27} hair, of head (Targum ס׳, Syriac ܣܐ; see Biblical Hebrew I. שׂער);—construct Daniel 3:27; Daniel 7:9; with suffix שַׁעְרֵהּ Daniel 4:30.

↗ original

שְׁאֵל (Aramaic)

verb ask (see Biblical Hebrew);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Daniel 2:10; plural שְׁאֵ֫לְנָא Ezra 5:9, Ezra 5:10; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix יִשְׁאֲלֶנְכוֹן Ezra 7:21; participle (בינוני) active שָׁאֵל Daniel 2:11, Daniel 2:27;—

ask for, request, direct object rei Daniel 2:10 (ל person), v Daniel 2:11, Daniel 2:27 Ezra 7:21 (with suffix person).

inquire about, for, direct object rei Ezra 5:9 (ל person); followed by orat. rect. v Ezra 5:10 (the same).

↗ original

שְׁאֵלָה (Aramaic)

noun (fem.) affair (weakened from question, inquiry, compare Driver);—emph. שְׁאֵלְתָּא Daniel 4:14.

↗ original

שְׁאָר (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) ^{Ezra 7:20} rest, remainder (see Biblical Hebrew I. שׁאר; Egyptian Aramaic n. שאר Cooke²⁰³, verb ישתאר be left (outstanding) Cooke⁴⁰⁴ = S-C^{L 9}, Chr-Pal. ܫܐܪ );—שׁ׳ absolute Ezra 4:10 +, construct v Ezra 4:9 +; emph. שְׁאָרָא Daniel 7:7, Daniel 7:19;—of a thing, remainder Ezra 7:18, Ezra 7:20; of cities Ezra 4:10, Ezra 4:17, of persons v Ezra 4:9, Ezra 4:10, Ezra 4:17; Ezra 6:16 Daniel 2:18, of beasts Daniel 7:7, Daniel 7:12, Daniel 7:19.

↗ original

שְׁבַע (Aramaic)

only שִׁבְעָה noun (fem.) seven (Biblical Hebrew I. שֶׁבַע);—absolute שׁ׳ bef. noun (masc.) plural Daniel 4:13, Daniel 4:20, Daniel 4:22, Daniel 4:29; construct שִׁבְעַת bef. noun (masc.) plural Ezra 7:14; חַד שִׁבְעָה עַל־דִּי Daniel 3:19 seven times above what (more than), see חַד, √ אחד.

↗ original

שֵׁגָל (Aramaic)

noun (fem.) (royal) consort (compare Biblical Hebrew the same; √ unknown Haupt^{Guthe Ezr-Ne, p. 66} conjunction Assyrian šigrêti, harem-women);—plural with suffix שֵֽׁגְלָתָךְ Daniel 5:23, שֵֽׁגְלָתֵהּ v Daniel 5:2, Daniel 5:3.

↗ original

שַׁדְרַךְ (Aramaic)

proper name (masc.) (compare Biblical Hebrew the same);—Daniel 2:49; Daniel 3:12 + 11 times Daniel 3:3.

↗ original

שֵׁת (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) six;—absolute שִׁ֑ת after noun (fem.) Daniel 3:1; שְׁנָת־שֵׁת Ezra 6:15 year six = sixth year.

↗ original

שִׁתִּין (Aramaic)

n. indecl. sixty;—אַמִּין שׁ׳ Ezra 6:3^(×2); Daniel 3:1; שְׁנִין שׁ׳ וְתַרְתֵּין Daniel 6:1.

↗ original

שׁוּר (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) wall (compare Biblical Hebrew ii. שׁוּר the same; Egyptian Aramaic שור RÉS^{361 A 5, B 1});—plural emph. שׁוּרַיָּה Ezra 4:16, א—ָ v Ezra 4:13; v Ezra 4:12 read שׁוּרַיָּא שׁ׳ Keri, for שׁורי אשׁ׳ Kesiv.

↗ original

שְׁלֵה (Aramaic)

adjective at ease (Egyptian Aramaic Cooke ²¹⁰);—שׁ׳ הֲוֵית בְּ Daniel 4:1 I was at ease in my house.—Daniel 3:29 see following.

↗ original

שָׁלוּ (Aramaic)

noun (fem.) neglect, remissness (Targum the same);—absolute שׁ׳ Ezra 4:22; Ezra 6:9 Daniel 6:5 + Daniel 3:29 Keri; Kesiv שׁלה usually thought an error for שׁלו; Hitzig Bev M (perhaps) expl. as שֵׁלָה = שְׁאֵלָה = thing, affair (Daniel 4:14).

↗ original

שְׁלַח (Aramaic)

verb send (Biblical Hebrew I. שָׁלַח);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Ezra 4:17 +; 3rd masculine plural שְׁלַ֫חוּ Ezra 4:11 +; 2nd masculine plural שְׁלַחְתּוּן Ezra 4:18; 1st plural שְׁלַחְנָא Ezra 4:14; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁלַח Ezra 5:17; Ezra 6:12; participle (בינוני) passive שְׁלִיחַ Ezra 7:14 Daniel 5:24;—send, direct object of letter, etc., c. עַל person Ezra 4:11, Ezra 4:17, Ezra 4:18; Ezra 5:6, Ezra 5:7, Ezra 5:17; absolute Ezra 6:13, followed by verb fin. Ezra 4:14, + direct object person Daniel 3:28; Daniel 6:23; followed by infinitive (מקור) Daniel 3:2; put out hand (direct object) to harm (infinitive (מקור)) Ezra 6:12; passive, be sent, c. מִן־קֳדָם person: subj. person Ezra 7:14; subj. כַּפָּא Daniel 5:24.

↗ original

שְׁלֵט (Aramaic)

verb have power, rule (Targum Syriac; Biblical Hebrew (q.see) late);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Daniel 3:27, 3rd masculine plural שְׁלִ֫טוּ Daniel 6:25; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁלַ֑ט Daniel 5:7, 3rd feminine singular תִּשְׁלַט Daniel 2:39, 2nd masculine singular תִּשְׁלַ֑ט Daniel 5:16;—have power upon, ב rei, Daniel 3:27 (of fire); fall upon, assault (Targum = פָּגע בְּ), ב person Daniel 6:25 (of lions); subj. person rule; be ruler, absolute, Daniel 5:7, Daniel 3:16, subj. kingdom, ב of earth, Daniel 2:39.

make ruler: past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular with suffix הַשְׁלְטָךְ Daniel 2:38 (ב person, etc.); הַשְׁלְטֵהּ v Daniel 2:48 (עַל of province).

↗ original

שָׁלְטָן (Aramaic)

(Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 61, 3, Beisp. α)) noun (masc.) Daniel 7:6 dominion;—שׁ׳ absolute Daniel 7:6, Daniel 7:14, construct Daniel 6:27 +; emph. שָׁלְטָנָא Daniel 7:27; with suffix שָׁלְטָנָךְ Daniel 4:19, -נֵהּ Daniel 3:33 +, -נְהוֹן Daniel 7:12; plural emph. שָׁלְטָנַיָּא Daniel 7:27;—

dominion, sovereignty (usually of God): Daniel 3:33; Daniel 4:19, Daniel 4:31^(×2) Daniel 6:27 Daniel 7:6, Daniel 7:12, Daniel 7:14^(×3), Daniel 7:26, Daniel 7:27^(×2).

realm Daniel 6:27. שִׁלְטוֹן see p. 1127.

↗ original

שַׁלִּיט (Aramaic)

adjective having mastery, ruling;—absolute שׁ׳ Ezra 7:24 +, emph. א—ָ Daniel 2:15; mpl. שְׁלִיטִין Ezra 4:20, -טִן Daniel 4:23;—

having, exercising, mastery:

of God, followed by ב, Daniel 4:14, Daniel 4:22, Daniel 4:29; Daniel 5:21; absolute, of heavens Daniel 4:23.

of kings Ezra 4:20 (ב).

as n. = ruler Daniel 2:10; Daniel 5:29, captain Daniel 2:15.

having authority to do a thing (infinitive (מקור)), hence impers. = it is authorized, Ezra 7:24 (so often in Syriac; compare S-C^{A 11 +} אנת שליט למבנה).

↗ original

שְׁלָם (Aramaic)

noun (masc.)Daniel 3:31 welfare, prosperity;—in greetings: absolute Ezra 4:17 prosperity! emph. שְׁלָמָא Ezra 5:7; with suffix שְׁלָֽמְכוֹן יַשְׂגִּיא Daniel 3:31; Daniel 6:26.

↗ original

שֻׁם (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) name (see Biblical Hebrew שֵׁם);—construct שׁ׳ Ezra 5:1 +; with suffix שְׁמֵהּ Daniel 2:20 +; plural construct שְׁמָהָת Ezra 5:4, with suffix -תְהֹם v Ezra 5:10;—name, dei: Daniel 2:20; Daniel 4:5 Ezra 5:1; Ezra 6:12; vir.: Daniel 2:26; Daniel 4:5, Daniel 4:16; Daniel 5:12 (all Dan.), Ezra 5:4, Ezra 5:10^(×2) also v Ezra 5:14, with which compare S-C^{K 4, 5, 8 f., 12 f.}

↗ original

שְׁמַע (Aramaic)

verb hear (see Biblical Hebrew);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Daniel 6:15; 1st singular שִׁמְעֵת Daniel 5:14, Daniel 5:16; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁמַע Daniel 3:10, 2nd masculine plural תִּשְׁמְעוּן Daniel 3:5, Daniel 3:15; participle (בינוני) active שָֽׁמְעִין Daniel 3:7; Daniel 5:23;—hear: = have sense of hearing Daniel 5:23; with a direct object of sound Daniel 3:5, Daniel 3:7, Daniel 3:10, Daniel 3:15, word Daniel 6:15; c. cl. דִּי + עַל person concerning, Daniel 5:14, Daniel 5:16.

shew oneself obedient: future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יִשְׁתַּמְעוּן Daniel 7:27, c. ל person (probably).

↗ original

שְׁמַשׁ (Aramaic)

n.[m. so D^WB] sun;—emph. שִׁמְשָׁא Daniel 6:15.

↗ original

שְׁמַשׁ² (Aramaic)

verb

minister (Targum Pa. the same, תַּשְׁמִישׁ use; Palmyrene שמש, תשמיש, SAC ^{114, compare 122} Lidzbarski ³⁷⁹; Syriac ܫܰܡܶܫ, ܬܶܫܡܶܫܬܳܐ; Chr-Pal. ܫܡܫ Pa, ܬܫܡܫ; Mishnaic Hebrew שִׁמֵּשׁ, תַּשְׁמִישׁ; Egyptian šms, servant, Kopt. šemše, compare WMM in Buhl ¹⁴);—future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural with suffix יְשַׁמְּשׁוּנֵּהּ Daniel 7:10 were ministering to him.

↗ original

שֵׁן (Aramaic)

see שׁנן.

↗ original

שְׁנָה² (Aramaic)

noun (fem.) year (see Biblical Hebrew שָׁנָה, √ I. [שָׁנָה]);—construct שְׁנַת: שׁ׳ חֲדָה = first year Ezra 5:13; Ezra 6:3 Daniel 7:1; שׁ׳ תַּרְתֵּין Ezra 4:24 second year; שׁ׳ שֵׁת Daniel 6:15; plural שְׁנִין שִׁתִּין וְת׳ Daniel 6:1 62 years; שׁ׳ שַׂגִּיאָן Ezra 5:11.—ii. [שְׁנָה] see ישׁן.

↗ original

שֵׁן² (Aramaic)

n.[f.] tooth;—dual (of rows of teeth) absolute שִׁנַּ֫יִן Daniel 7:7;—with suffix שניה Kesiv (Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 53, 2. b)), שִׁנַּהּ Keri, v Daniel 7:5, Daniel 7:19 (all of beasts in vision). שִׁנְּתֵהּ Daniel 6:19 see √ ישן

↗ original

שָׁעָה (Aramaic)

noun (fem.) brief time, moment (Targum the same, שָֽׁעֲתָא, Mishnaic Hebrew שָׁעָה time, hour; Syriac ܫܳܥܬܳܐ moment, then hour Brockelmann ³⁶⁹, but Chr-Pal. ܫܥܳܐ moment, hour Schwally^{Idiot. 97} Schulthess^{Lex. 211}; perhaps = Assyrian šattu, duration; TelAm.^{91, 77} še-ti, time, hour (as Canaanism) Winckler^{Schrader's Keilinschriften3. 335}; Arabic سِعْوٌ, سَاعَةٌ portion of time, Ethiopic ሳዕ time, ሰዓት hour, time (Buhl calls Arabic Ethiopic loan-words, but see Winckler^l.c.); √ unknown: poss. Assyrian loan-word (see Winckler^l.c.); Delitzsch^{Pr 39 f.} conjunction שׁיע = שָׁעָה look, hence moment = ‘Augenblick,’ but verb שׁ׳ rather of steady gaze);—moment: usually emph. בַּהּ־שַׁעֲתָא (read poss. שָֽׁ׳ as Targum Syriac, M^{86* f.} Buhl¹⁴ compare var. in Strack) in the same moment, forthwith Daniel 3:6, Daniel 3:15; Daniel 4:30; Daniel 5:5; absolute שָׁעָה חֲדָה Daniel 4:16 for a moment.

↗ original

שַׁפִּיר (Aramaic)

see שׁפר.

↗ original

שְׁפַר (Aramaic)

verb be fair, seemly (Targum Syriac; compare Biblical Hebrew (rare and mostly late); Palmyrene שפר ל merit well of, SAC¹¹⁷; Cappad. Aramaic שפירא Lidzbarski^{Eph 160});—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳, c. קֳדָם person it seemed good to Daniel 3:32; Daniel 6:2; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁפַּר עַל Daniel 4:24 let my counsel be acceptable to thee.

↗ original

שַׁפִּיר² (Aramaic)

adjective fair, beautiful;—of foliage Daniel 4:9, Daniel 4:18.

↗ original

שֹׁ֫רֶשׁ (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) ^{Daniel 4:12} root (see Biblical Hebrew);—plural with suffix שָׁרְשׁוֹ֫הִי of tree Daniel 4:12, Daniel 4:20, Daniel 4:23.

↗ original

שֵׁשְׁבַּצַּר (Aramaic)

proper name (masc.) Ezra 5:14, Ezra 5:16.

↗ original

שֵׁת² (Aramaic)

see שׁדת.

↗ original

שְׁתָה (Aramaic)

verb drink (Targum שְׁתָא, אִשְׁתִּי, Syriac ܐܶܫܬܻܝ; see Biblical Hebrew ׃שָׁתָה);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine plural אִשְׁתִּיו (Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 11, 4, α)) Daniel 5:3, Daniel 5:4; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יִשְׁתּוֹן v Daniel 5:2; participle (בינוני) active שָׁתֵה v Daniel 5:1, plural שָׁתַ֫יִן v Daniel 5:23;—drink, direct object wine Daniel 5:1, Daniel 5:4, + ב of vessel v Daniel 5:23 and (direct object om.) v Daniel 5:2, Daniel 5:3.

↗ original

שִׁתִּין² (Aramaic)

sixty, see שׁדת.

↗ original

שְׁתַר בּוֹזְנַי (Aramaic)

proper name (masc.) Pers. official Ezra 5:3, Ezra 5:6; Ezra 6:6, Ezra 6:13; Σαθαρβουζανα (αι, ε, ης); SeptuagintL Σαθραβωζανης (Andr^{M 87*} proposes מתרב׳, Gk. Μιθροβουζάνης, = OIran. *Mithrabaužana, Mithra is deliverer (or the like), so Mey^{Entst. J. 32}; Scheft ^{92 f.} OIran. Šêthrabûzana, empire-delivering; Winckler^{MVAG 1887, 281 f.} conjunction a title).

↗ original

שַׁבְּלוּל

noun (masc.) snail (Shaph. form, causing moisture, from notion of moisture or fluid in בלל);—name due to slimy trail Tehillim 58:9, שַׁבְּלוּל תֶּמֶס יַהֲלֹךְ.

↗ original

שֶׁ֫בֶת

noun (fem.) seat, dwelling, place (properly infinitive (מקור) Qal from ישׁב)—מְקוֹם הַשָּׁ֑בֶת Melachim Alef 10:19 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:18 the place of the seat; שֶׁבֶת חָמָס Amos 6:3 a seat (throne, or enthronement) of violence; לְשֶׁבֶת עָ֑ר Bamidbar 21:15 toward the dwelling (that is place, location) of ʿÂr; יִשָּֽׂרְפוּ בַשָּׁ֑בֶת Shmuel Beis 23:7 they are burned in the (same) place, that is on the spot, but del. שׁ׳ Wellhausen Driver Budde; שִׁבְתּוֹ Ovadia 1:3 his (thy) dwelling-place.—ii. שֶׁבֶת see under שׁבת.

↗ original

שֵׁנָה

noun (fem.) sleep;—שֵׁנָה Tehillim 90:5 + 3 times; שֵׁנָא Tehillim 127:2, שְׁנָת Tehillim 132:4 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 80 g.h.); construct שְׁנַת Yirmiya 51:39 + 3 times; שְׁנָתִי Breishis 31:40; Yirmiya 31:26, etc.; plural absolute שֵׁנוֹת Mishlei 6:10; Mishlei 24:33;—sleep Breishis 28:16, Shoftim 16:14, Shoftim 16:20; Mishlei 3:24; Mishlei 6:9; Mishlei 20:13; Koheles 5:11 Yirmiya 31:26; Zecharia 4:1; Mishlei 6:4 (‖ תְּנוּמָה); מְעַט שֵׁנוֹת מְעַט תְּנוּמוֹת Mishlei 6:10 = Mishlei 24:33 (these two of sluggard אִישׁ עָצֵל; see also Mishlei 6:9; Mishlei 20:13); note also וַתִּדַּד שְׁנָתִי מֵעֵינָ֑י Breishis 31:40 and my sleep fled from mine eyes; נָֽדֲדָה שְׁנַת הַמֶּלֶךְ Esther 6:1; וְנִגְזְלָה שְׁנָתָם Mishlei 4:16; וּשְׁנָתוֹ נִהְיְתָה עָלָיו Daniel 2:1; שֵׁנָה בְּעֵינָיו אֵינֶנּוּ רֹאֶה Koheles 8:16; אִם אֶתֵּן שְׁנָת לְעֵינָ֑י Tehillim 132:4 (all of lack of sleep); יִתֵּן לִידִידוֹ שֵׁנָ֑א Tehillim 127:2 = he giveth to his beloved in sleep, compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 118, 3; of sleep of death (so Arabic وَسَنٌ Dozy ^{ii. 806}) Iyov 14:12 Tehillim 90:5 (compare De Cheyne); so, as direct object cogn., Tehillim 76:6 Yirmiya 51:39, Yirmiya 51:57 (in these two שְׁנַת־עוֹלָם). יֶשְׁנוֹ see יֵשׁ.

↗ original

שׁוֹעַ

adjective (free), independent, noble (in station) (according to most from second √ שׁוע = ישׁע, in sense of Arabic وَسِع (compare תְּשׁוּעָה below); but actual existence of such a √ not proven; Gesenius' Thesaurus allows שׁוֹעַ = יְשׁוֹעַ)—noble, of rank (and, by implic., of character) Yeshaya 32:5 (‖ נָדִיב, opposite כִּילַי), Iyov 34:19 (Dillmann and elsewhere rich, but ‖ שָׂרִים, opposite דַּל).—ii. שׁוֹעַ Yeshaya 22:5, see under [שָׁוַע]. iii. שׁוֹעַ proper namegent. Yechezkel 23:23, see שׁ׳.

↗ original

שׁוּעַ

proper name (masc.) father of Judah’s wife, Septuagint Σαυα, Breishis 38:2 and (after construct בַּת) v Breishis 38:12 Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:3; see בַּת־שׁוּע p. 124 above, and compare on meaning (אֲבִי)שׁוּעַ p. 4, (אֱלִי)שׁוּעַ p. 46.

↗ original

שׁוּעַ²

n.[m.] opulence? (compare Arabic سَعَةٌ )—so AE and elsewhere Iyov 30:24(?) Iyov 36:19; but < v. sub [שָׁוַע].

↗ original

שׁוּעָא

proper namef. a woman of Asher Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:32; Septuagint Σωλα, SeptuagintL Σουα.

↗ original

שָׁרוֹן

proper name (place) Sharon (plausibly connected with √ ישׁר by Gesenius' Thesaurus Gesenius ¹² and elsewhere, compare G.A. Smith^{Geogr. 52}; = יְשָׁרוֹן*; Phoenician שרן)—strictly noun (masc.) ^{Yeshaya 65:10} plain, level;—

הַשּׁ׳ (with art.), name of maritime plain on Mediterr., from Joppa northward, noted for fertility, Yeshaya 33:9 (‖ בָּשָׁן, כַּרְמֶל; Septuagint ὁ Σαρων), compare הֲדַר כַּרְמֶל וְהַשָּׁרוֹן Yeshaya 35:2; Yeshaya 65:10 (‖ עֵמֶק עָכוֹר; Septuagint τῷ δρυμῷ); חֲבַצֶּלֶת הַשּׁ׳ Shir HaShirim 2:1 (Septuagint ἄνθος τοῦ πεδίου); הַבָּקָר הָרֹעִים בַּשּׁ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:29; so also Yehoshua 12:18, where read מֶלֶךְ אֲפֵק לַשּׁ׳ so Dillmann Wellhausen^{Sam. 55} Gesenius ¹² after Septuagint, compare Robertson Smith^{OTJC 2, 273, 435}.—On this plain see G.A. Smith^{Geogr. 147 ff.} Buhl^{Geogr. § 65}.

מִגְרְשֵׁי שָׁרוֹן region E. of Jordan Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:16 (‖ גִּלְעָד, בָּשָׁן; Septuagint τὰ περίχωρα Τεριαμ, Septuagint A Σαρων); identified by many with הַמִּישׁוֹר (Devarim 3:10).

↗ original

שַׁלְהֶ֫בֶת

noun (fem.) flame (Aramaic שַׁלְהוֹבִיתָא, ܫܰܠܗܶܒܺܝܬܳܐ )—in לַהֶבֶת שׁ׳ Yechezkel 21:3, of judgment; so שַׁלְהָ֑בֶת Iyov 15:30; רִשְׁפֵּי אֵשׁ שַׁלְהֶבֶתְיָה Shir HaShirim 8:6 that is Yahweh-flame = powerful flame (> Jäger^{BAS i.471} Jastrow^{JBL xiii (1894), 111} expl. ־יָה here as encl. particle)

↗ original

שִׂיאֹן

proper namemont., that is Hermon, הַר שׂ׳ הוּא חֶרְמוֹן Devarim 4:48 (compare Dillmann Driver).

↗ original

שְׂאֵת

noun (fem.) 1. exaltation, dignity. 2. swelling. 3. uprising;—שׂ׳ absolute Breishis 4:7 +, construct Vayikra 13:28 +; with suffix שְׂאֵתוֹ Iyov 13:11 +; (מִ)שֵּׂתוֹ Iyov 41:17;—

dignity Breishis 49:3 (dignity of first-born), Tehillim 62:5, of Chaldeans Chavakuk 1:7; of God, his exaltation, loftiness Iyov 13:11; Iyov 31:23.

swelling, eruption, בְּעוֹר בָּשָׂר Vayikra 13:2 (+ סַפַּחַת, בַּהֶרֶת), compare Vayikra 14:56 (+ the same); also Vayikra 13:10^(×2), Vayikra 13:19, Vayikra 13:28, שׂ׳ הַנֶּגַע v Vayikra 13:43 (all P).

uprising, Iyov 41:17 at his uprising the mighty are in dread.

Breishis 4:7 is doubtful;—is there not acceptance? Peshitta Vulgate and elsewhere; forgiveness Targum Holz and elsewhere; uplifting of countenance, cheerfulness, Ewald De Ke Dillmann Kau.

↗ original

שֶׂ֫פֶק

n.[m.] doubtful word; hand-clapping, that is mockery (?) (compare verb Iyov 27:23);—שָׂ֑פֶק Iyov 36:18 in difficult cl. כִּי־חֵמָה פֶּן־יְסִיתְךָ בְשׂ׳ because there is passion, (beware) lest it incite thee to mockery, Baethgen^Kau Davidson (but הסית בְּ = incite against, hence Budde reads לִשְׂפֹּק); De is not clear; others (as Dillmann): lest it (passion) excite thee at the chastisement (see √ 2; compare Gesenius' Thesaurus); Duhm reads מִשְׂפָּק לְחֵמָה lest chastisement incite thee to wrath.—On Iyov 20:22 (edd.) see שֵׂפֶק.

↗ original

שְׂאֹר

noun (masc.) ^{Shemos 12:19} leaven;—absolute שׂ׳ Shemos 13:7, Devarim 16:4, Shemos 12:15, Shemos 12:19; Vayikra 2:11 (all P).

↗ original

שְׂאֵת²

see נשׂא.

↗ original

שׂוֹבֶךְ

n.[m.] network of boughs;—construct שׂ׳ הָאֵלָה Shmuel Beis 18:9.

↗ original

שְׂבָכָה

noun (fem.) lattice-work, network;—absolute ר׳ Melachim Alef 7:18 +, plural שְׂבָכוֹת v Melachim Alef 7:41 +, שְׂבָכִים v Melachim Alef 7:17;—

probably window-lattice Melachim Beis 1:2.

net-ornament on pillars, Melachim Alef 7:17^(×2) (om. Septuagint Kittel Benzinger), v Melachim Alef 7:18, Melachim Alef 7:20 (crpt., (compare Kittel Benzinger), v Melachim Alef 7:41, Melachim Alef 7:42^(×2) Divrei HaYamim Beis 4:12, Divrei HaYamim Beis 4:13^(×2) Melachim Beis 25:17^(×2) ‖ Yirmiya 52:22, Yirmiya 52:23.

network, toils, for catching animals (figuratively) Iyov 18:8 (+ רֶשֶׁת, פַּח, צַמִּים).

↗ original

שָׂבֵעַ

verb be sated, satisfied, surfeited (Mishnaic Hebrew (der. spec.) = Biblical Hebrew; so Assyrian šebû, Arabic شَبِعَ, Aramaic סְבַע, ܣܒܰܥ, Palmyrene שבע; the Ethiopic verb of same meaning is ጸግበ: );—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שָׂבַע Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:1, וְשׂ׳ consec. Devarim 31:20; 3rd plural שָׂבֵ֑עוּ Yeshaya 9:19, ושׂ׳ consec. Devarim 14:29; Devarim 26:12, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׂבַּע Mishlei 12:11 +, 3rd masculine plural יִשְׂבְּעוּן Tehillim 104:28, etc.; imperative (ציווי) שְׂבַע־ Mishlei 20:13; infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׂבוֹעַ Yoel 2:26 Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:10; construct לִשְׂבֹּעַ Shemos 16:8 Eicha 5:6, לְשָׂבְעָה Chaggai 1:6;—

be sated (with food), especially human subj.:

absolute, after אָכַל, Hoshea 4:10; Yeshaya 9:19; Devarim 8:10; Shemos 16:8, + 11 times, compare Yeshaya 44:16 (‖ אָכַל); exposing men to arrogance Devarim 6:11; Devarim 8:12; Devarim 31:20, compare Hoshea 13:6^(×2) (Isr. under figuratively of cattle), Yirmiya 50:19 (the same; c. ב location; ‖ רָעָה graze); = have (or get) enough to eat Tehillim 37:19; Tehillim 59:16, enough to drink Amos 4:8, figuratively of sword Yirmiya 46:10, of wine Chavakuk 2:5.

with a direct object of food Yirmiya 44:17; Eicha 5:6; Shemos 16:12, + 6 times, compare Yechezkel 39:20 (of beasts, in figuratively), of earth, sated with water (rain) Mishlei 30:16, so of trees (direct object om.) Tehillim 104:16, figuratively of requital Mishlei 18:20.

c. מִן of food Iyov 19:22 (figuratively); figuratively of earth having its fill (of rain) Tehillim 104:13, and (figuratively of requital) Mishlei 18:20; good sense Mishlei 12:14 (del. טוֹב, so Toy), bad sense Mishlei 1:31; Mishlei 14:14; c. מִן of source Yeshaya 66:11 (figuratively).

more generally, be sated, have desire satisfied:

absolute Yechezkel 16:28, Yechezkel 16:29 (that is with harlotry), Yirmiya 50:10 (with plunder), Yeshaya 53:11 (with a given result); of eyes Mishlei 27:20, of Sh^eʾôl and Abaddōn v Mishlei 27:20, compare Mishlei 30:15; = have abundance Mishlei 30:9 (exposure to arrogance).

with a direct object, be satisfied with, have one’s fill of: Yirmiya 31:14, compare Tehillim 17:15; Tehillim 63:6;Mishlei 5:10; Koheles 5:9, compare (eye subj.) Koheles 4:8, direct object of sons Tehillim 17:14 (si vera l., but text doubtful, see Olshausen Duhm, compare Baethgen Wellhausen), days of life, that is reach the full limit (+ זָקֵן) Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:1; Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:15.

c. ב of goodness Tehillim 65:5, c. מִן the same Koheles 6:3.

c. ל inf., לֹא־תִשְׂבַּע עַיִן לִרְאוֹת Koheles 1:8 (‖ מָלֵא).

have in excess, be surfeited with:

literally, with honey (direct object) Mishlei 25:16.

figuratively = be weary of, with a direct object of offerings Yeshaya 1:11 (subj. י׳), tossings Iyov 7:4, poverty Mishlei 28:19, shame Chavakuk 2:16, contempt Tehillim 123:3, Tehillim 123:4, with a direct object person Mishlei 25:17.

the same, c. ב of troubles Tehillim 88:4, of reproach Eicha 3:30.

participle (בינוני) נִשְׂבָּע sated Iyov 31:31.

satisfy, future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יְשַׂבֵּ֑עוּ Yechezkel 7:19 they shall not satisfy their appetite (נֶפֶשׁ; ‖ מִלֵּא); imperative (ציווי) ms. with suffix, subj. י׳, שַׂבְּעֵנוּ חַסְדֶּ֑ךָ Tehillim 90:14 (2 direct object).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִשְׂבִּיעַ Tehillim 107:9, וְה׳ consec. Yeshaya 58:11; 2nd feminine singular הִשְׂבַּ֫עַתְּ Yechezkel 27:33, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix יַשְׂבִּעַנִי Iyov 9:18, 2nd masculine singular תַּשְׂבִּיעַ Yeshaya 58:10, 1st singular וָאַשְׂבִּעַ Yirmiya 5:7, with suffix אַשְׂבִּיעֶ֑ךָּ Tehillim 81:17 van d. H., אַשְׂבִּיעֶ֑ךָֿ Baer Gi, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct לְהַשְׂבִּיעַ Iyov 38:27; participle (בינוני) מַשְׂבִּיעַ Tehillim 103:5; Tehillim 145:16;—

satisfy (especially with material blessings), subj. י׳, with a direct object person Yirmiya 5:7 (exposing men to arrogance), Yeshaya 58:11 (direct object נֶפֶשׁ; of refreshment in drought, ב location, figuratively of help and blessing), Tehillim 107:9 (direct object נֶפֶשׁ; ‖ מִלֵּא), compare Tehillim 103:5 (ב instr., on direct object see עֲדִי); with a direct object of ground Iyov 38:27 (that is with rain); human subj., with a direct object נֶפֶשׁ Yeshaya 58:10.

with a direct object of food + person, י׳ subj., Tehillim 81:17 (‖ הֶאֱכִיל), Tehillim 105:40; Tehillim 132:15; Tehillim 147:14; with a direct object person + אֹרֶךְ יָמִים Tehillim 91:16.

י׳ subj., direct object rei + ל person, מַשׂ׳ לְכָל־חַי רָצוֹן Tehillim 145:16.

י׳ subj., with a direct object of beasts + מִמְּךָ (of Pharaoh, in prophetic figuratively) Yechezkel 32:4.

enrich, subj. Tyre, with a direct object gent. Yechezkel 27:33 (‖ הֶעֱשִׁיר).

sate, glut (with the undesired), subj. י׳, with a direct object person + ב rei Eicha 3:15, direct object person + rei Iyov 9:18.

↗ original

שֹׂ֫בַע

n.[m.] satiety, abundance;—absolute לָשׂ׳ Shemos 16:3 +, construct שׂבַע Tehillim 16:11, לְשׂ׳ Mishlei 13:25; with suffix שָׂבְעֶ֑ךָ Devarim 23:25, שָׂבְעָהּ Rus 2:18;—

satiety, as to food Rus 2:18; לָשׂ׳ (לֶחֶם) אָכַל Shemos 16:3, Vayikra 25:19; Vayikra 26:5 (both H), compare לָשׂ׳ Tehillim 78:25; אָכַל … כְּנַפְשְׁךָ שׂ׳ Devarim 23:25 eat grapes according to thine appetite, (namely) thy fill, compare אָכַל לְשׂ׳ נַפְשׁוֹ Mishlei 13:25.

satisfying abundance, שׂ׳ שְׂמָחוֹת Tehillim 16:11.

↗ original

שָׂבְעָה

[שִׂבְעָה] noun (fem.) satiety;—absolute שׂ׳ Yeshaya 56:11 +, construct שִׂבְעַת־ Yechezkel 16:49, with suffix שָׂבְעָתֵךְ v Yechezkel 16:28;—

as to food, especially אָכַל לְשׂ׳ eat to satiety, one’s fill, Yeshaya 23:18; Yechezkel 39:19; לְשׂ׳ also Yeshaya 55:2 (figuratively); שׂ׳ of dogs Yeshaya 56:11 (figuratively); שׂ׳־לֶחֶם leading to arrogance, as sin of Sodom Yechezkel 16:49 (+ גָּאוֹן, etc.).

as to carnal desire Yechezkel 16:28 (figuratively).

↗ original

שָׂבָע

noun (masc.) ^{Breishis 41:29} plenty, satiety;—only absolute שׂ׳;—

plenty, of bread-stuffs Breishis 41:29, Breishis 41:30, Breishis 41:31, Breishis 41:34, Breishis 41:47, Breishis 41:53, Mishlei 3:10.

satiety, Koheles 5:11.

↗ original

שָׂבֵעַ²

adjective sated, satisfied, surfeited;—absolute שׂ׳ Breishis 25:8; Mishlei 19:23; construct שְׂבַע Devarim 33:23 +; fs. שְׂבֵעָה Mishlei 27:7; mpl. שְׂבֵעִים Shmuel Alef 2:5;—

sated with food, c. בַּלֶּחֶם Shmuel Alef 2:5; נֶפֶשׁ שְׂבֵעָה Mishlei 27:7 (opposite נ׳ רְעֵבָה); abounding in י׳’s favour (שְׂבַע רָצוֹן) Devarim 33:23 (‖ מָלֵא); absolute satisfied Mishlei 19:23.

in phr. שְׂבַע יָמִים satisfied with days, in a good old age, Breishis 35:29, Iyov 42:17 (both + זָקֵן), Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:28 (+ בְּשֵׂיבָה טוֹבָה), also absolute שָׂבֵ֑עַ Breishis 25:8 (P; + the same + זָקֵן).

bad sense, surfeited with trouble, etc.: שְׂבַע רֹגֶז Iyov 14:1, שׂ׳ קָלוֹן Iyov 10:15.

↗ original

שָׂבַר

verb inspect, examine (van d. H. שֹׁבֵר [so Septuagint συντρίβων], but Mas. שׂ׳ see Norzi; hence connex. with Arabic سَبَرَ probe a wound, try, examine, improb., and this (according to Frä²⁶¹) denom. from Aramaic loan-word; improb. also is connex. with Aramaic סְבַר think (compare following), Kau^{Aramaic im AT, 85});—

participle (בינוני) שֹׂבֵר, c. ב object, Nechemia 2:13, Nechemia 2:15 I examined into the wall, inspected it closely.

↗ original

שָׂבַר²

verb

wait, hope (Aramaism; compare Aramaic סְבַר think, Pa. hope; ܣܒܰܪ believe, hope, Pa. think, Aph. hope);—past (עבר) 1st singular שִׂבַּרְתִּי Tehillim 119:166, 3rd plural שִׂבְּרוּ Esther 9:1; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יְשַׂבְּרוּ Yeshaya 38:18, יְשַׂבֵּ֑רוּ Tehillim 145:15, יְשַׂבֵּר֑וּן Tehillim 104:27; Tehillim 104:2 fpl. תְּשַׂבֵּרְנָה Rus 1:13;—

wait + לָהֵן therefor Rus 1:13.

hope for, ל rei Tehillim 119:166, אֶל rei Yeshaya 38:18, אֶל person Tehillim 104:27; Tehillim 145:15; ל inf. Esther 9:1 hope to rule.

↗ original

שַׂגִּיא

adjective great;—of God, absolute אֵל שַׂגִּיא Iyov 36:26; construct שַׂגִּיא־כֹחַ Iyov 37:23.

↗ original

שְׂגוּב

proper name (masc.) (exalted);—

son of rebuilder of Jericho (Hiel) Melachim Alef 16:34 Keri (Kesiv שׂגיב; Ζεγουβ; SeptuagintL om. see).

of Judah Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:21, Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:22 (Σερουχ, SeptuagintL Σεγουβ).

↗ original

שָׂדַי

noun (masc.) ^{Tehillim 96:12} field, land (rare orig. form of שָׂדֶה (q.see below), only poet.);—absolute שׂ׳ Yirmiya 4:17, שָׂדָ֑י Hoshea 10:4 +;—

cultivated field Hoshea 12:12, also Hoshea 10:4 (si vera l., but see Nowack), yielding food Devarim 32:13 Eicha 4:9; שֹׁמְרֵי שׂ׳ Yirmiya 4:17 keepers, watchmen, of a field.

home of wild beasts: בְּהֵמוֹת שׂ׳ Tehillim 8:8 Yoel 2:22, חַיְתוֹ שׂ׳ Yeshaya 56:9 Tehillim 104:11, זִיז שׂ׳ Tehillim 50:11; Tehillim 80:14.

plain, opposite mt., Yirmiya 18:14 (but doubtful, Co Duhm שִׂרְיֹן).

land, opposite sea, Tehillim 96:12 (compare שָׂדֶה 3; ‖ תֵּבֵל Tehillim 98:7).

↗ original

שָׂדֶה

noun (masc.) Vayikra 27:24 the same (ordinary contr. form Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 84 a f);—absolute שׂ׳ Breishis 2:5^(×2) +; construct שְׂדֵה Breishis 14:7 +; with suffix שָׂדִי Yirmiya 32:7, Yirmiya 32:8, שָֽׂדְךָ Devarim 11:15 +, שָׂדֶ֑ךָ Devarim 24:19 Vayikra 25:3, etc.; plural שָׂדוֹת Shmuel Alef 22:7 +, construct שְׂדוֹת Nechemia 12:29; also שְׂדֵי Shmuel Beis 1:21; Yeshaya 32:12; Rus 1:1 + 8 times (some might be singular = שְׂדֵה compare Barth^{ZMG xiii (1888), 351} Siegfried-Stade Buhl; note, for example שְׂדֵי Rus 1:6, = שְׂדֵה v b; Rus 4:3; but see Konig^{ii. 1, 77}); with suffix שְׂדֹתֶיהָ Nechemia 11:30, etc.; also שָׂדֶיךָ Melachim Alef 2:26, שָׂדֵינוּ Micha 2:4;—

open field, country:

pasture-land Breishis 29:2; Breishis 30:16; Shemos 9:3 (all J), Devarim 11:15; Shmuel Alef 11:5 + 10 times J, .

unfrequented Breishis 24:63, Breishis 24:65, exposed to violence Breishis 4:8, Shmuel Beis 14:6; Devarim 21:1; Devarim 22:25, Devarim 22:27, to wild beasts Shemos 22:30, Yechezkel 33:27.

specif. home of beasts: Shmuel Beis 17:8; Yirmiya 14:5; especially phr. חַיַּת הַשּׂ׳ Breishis 2:19, Breishis 2:20; Breishis 3:1, Breishis 3:14 (all J) of beasts in generally, and, of wild beasts, Shemos 23:11, Shemos 23:29, Hoshea 2:14, Hoshea 2:20; Hoshea 4:3; Hoshea 13:8; Devarim 7:22; Vayikra 26:22, Iyov 5:23 (‖ חַיַּת הָאָרֶץ), + 16 times; בֶּהֱמַת הַשּׂ׳ Shmuel Alef 17:44 compare Yoel 1:20; אַיְלוֹת הַשּׂ׳ Shir HaShirim 2:7; Shir HaShirim 3:5, compare הַצְּבָיִם אֲשֶׁר בַּשּׂ׳ Shmuel Beis 2:18; hunting-ground Breishis 25:29; Breishis 27:3, Breishis 27:5 (all ), compare אִישׁ שׂ׳ Breishis 25:27 (‖ אִישׁ יֹדֵעַ צַיִד).

yielding plants and trees: Breishis 25:27, Breishis 30:14, Shemos 10:5, Melachim Beis 4:39; Yechezkel 21:2; Yechezkel 39:10; especially phr. עֵשֶׂב הַשּׂ׳ Breishis 2:5; Breishis 3:18 (both J), + 6 times + ע׳ בַּשּׂ׳ Zecharia 10:1; שִׂיחַ הַשּׂ׳ Breishis 2:5, גֶּפֶן שׂ׳ Melachim Beis 4:39, פַּקֻּעֹת שׂ׳ v Melachim Beis 4:39, צִיץ הַשּׂ׳ Yeshaya 40:15 Tehillim 103:15, צֶמַח הַשּׂ׳ Yechezkel 16:7; עֵץ חַשּׂ׳ (4 times עֲצֵי) Shemos 9:25, Devarim 20:19; Vayikra 26:4 Yeshaya 55:12 + 8 times; Shmuel Beis 1:21 see תְּרוּמָה, √ רום.

stony, אַבְנֵי הַשּׂ׳ Iyov 5:23.

open country, outside of walled city Shoftim 9:32, Shoftim 9:42, Shoftim 9:43, Shoftim 9:44; Shoftim 19:16; Shmuel Alef 19:3; Shmuel Alef 20:5, Shmuel Alef 20:11^(×2), Shmuel Alef 20:24, Shmuel Alef 20:35; Melachim Beis 7:12 Micha 4:10; as battle-ground Yehoshua 8:24, Shmuel Beis 10:8 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:9; Shmuel Beis 11:23; Shmuel Beis 18:6, outside of military camp Shmuel Alef 4:2; Shmuel Alef 14:15; opposite city (in formula) Melachim Alef 14:11; Melachim Alef 16:4; Melachim Alef 21:24; Yirmiya 14:18; Yechezkel 7:15; שְׂדֵה אֶרֶץ Vayikra 25:31; as site of small town, country-town Shmuel Alef 27:5 (opposite royal city), compare Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:25; of high places, גְּבָעוֹת בַּשּׂ׳ Yirmiya 13:27; quite generally, Shmuel Alef 30:11; Yirmiya 40:7, Yirmiya 40:13; including road Shoftim 20:31; Melachim Alef 11:29; Yirmiya 6:25; disting. from road Bamidbar 22:23, Shmuel Beis 20:12; outside houses and courtyards Shemos 8:9, Shmuel Alef 25:15; בַּשּׂ׳ nearly = outdoors Shemos 1:14, Shoftim 13:9; of surface of country or ground, בַּשּׂ׳ Shemos 16:25; = עַל־פְּנֵי הַמִּדְבָּר v Shemos 16:14), compare Shmuel Alef 14:25; so עַל־פְּנֵי הַשּׂ׳ (אֶל) Melachim Beis 9:37; Yirmiya 9:22; Yechezkel 29:5 (‖ הַמִּדְבָּ֫רָה), Yechezkel 32:4; Yechezkel 39:5; sample phr. opposite house, comfort, etc., Shmuel Beis 11:11; Yechezkel 16:5, opposite city Vayikra 14:7, Vayikra 14:53, opposite tent Bamidbar 19:16 (all P), opposite tent of meeting Vayikra 17:5.

= expanse of country, opposite mt., in phr. מְרוֹמֵי שׂ׳ Shoftim 5:18; הֲרָרִי בַּשּׂ׳ Yirmiya 17:3 (of Jerus.) is doubtful; compare לְעִי הַשּׂ׳ Micha 1:6 (Je 18:14 see שָׂדַי).

definite portion of ground, field, land:

cultivated ground Breishis 37:7, Breishis 47:24 (J; זֶרַע הַשָּׂדֶה), Shemos 22:4^(×3), Shemos 22:5, Vayikra 27:16, Vayikra 27:17, Micha 3:12 (in simile) Rus 2:2 + 47 times, + שְׂדֵי תְרוּמוֹת Shmuel Beis 1:21, שׂ׳־זָ֑רַע Yechezkel 17:5, שָׂדֶה טוֹב v Yechezkel 17:8 good soil.

as private property, Micha 2:2, Micha 2:4; Yeshaya 5:8^(×2); Breishis 47:20, Breishis 23:9, Breishis 23:11, Breishis 23:13 + 50 times, + Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:23 (as burial-place); also חֶלְקַת (הַ)שּׂ׳, see חֶלְקָה; and שׂ׳ צֹפִים, see צפה.

city-land, adjacent to city (town) and subject to its control: Breishis 41:48, Vayikra 25:34, Yehoshua 21:12 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:41; Nechemia 11:25; Nechemia 11:30; Nechemia 12:39, Nechemia 12:44; specif. of Zoan Tehillim 78:12, Tehillim 78:43.

territory of nation, tribe: Breishis 32:4; Bamidbar 21:20 (both ), Shoftim 5:4; Rus 1:1, Rus 1:2; Breishis 14:7 + 13 times + שְׂדֵה נַחֲלַת יִשׂ׳ Shoftim 20:6.

personal estate of king, Shmuel Beis 9:7; Shmuel Beis 19:30.

land, opposite sea, Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:32 (opposite הַיָּם; = שָׂדַי Tehillim 96:12), perhaps also mainland Yechezkel 26:6, Yechezkel 26:8 (Co Krae Toy and elsewhere; not Smend).

↗ original

שֶׂה

noun (masc.) ^{Breishis 30:32} and (less often) f. ^{Yirmiya 50:17} one of a flock, a sheep (or goat) (Assyrian šuʾu, Arabic شَاةٌ, plural شَآءٌ, شِوَاهٌ, etc. (also wild ox), compare Egyptian sau, sheep Bondi⁶⁵, compare Id.^{Barth NB § 2 b δ});—absolute שֶׂה Breishis 30:32 +, construct שֵׂה Yeshaya 43:23 +; with suffix שֵׂיוֹ Devarim 22:1, שְׂיֵ֫הוּ Shmuel Alef 14:34; not in plural;—

a sheep, or goat, nom. unit. of צֹאן: as property Breishis 30:32^(×2) (E; + צֹאן coll., כְּשָׂבִים, עִזִּים), Shemos 21:37^(×2) (+ שׁוֹר, צֹאן coll.), Shemos 22:3 (+ שׁוֹר, חֲמוֹר), v Shemos 22:8 (the same), v Shemos 22:9 (the same; all E); Devarim 22:1 (+ שׁוֹר), Shmuel Alef 17:34 (זה Kesiv van d. H. erron., see Baer Driver), roaming pasture Yeshaya 7:25, straying Tehillim 119:176 (simile), slaughtered Yeshaya 53:7 (in simile); + שׁוֹר, חֲמוֹר Shoftim 6:4; Shmuel Alef 22:19; Yehoshua 6:21, + the same + גָּמָל Shmuel Alef 15:3; as sacrifice Breishis 22:7, Breishis 22:8, Shemos 13:13; Vayikra 5:12; Vayikra 12:8; Bamidbar 15:11 (שׂ׳ בַּכְּבָשִׂים אוֹ בָּעִזִּים; all P), Devarim 18:3 (+ שׁוֹר), Yeshaya 43:23; Yeshaya 66:3 (+ שׁוֹר), מִן־הַצֹּאן Yechezkel 45:15; compare Shemos 34:19 (+ שׁוֹר), v Shemos 34:20, Vayikra 27:26 (P; + שׁוֹר); fit for sacrifice Vayikra 22:28; unfit v Vayikra 22:23, Devarim 17:1 (both + שׁוֹר); as food Shmuel Alef 14:34 (+ שׁוֹר), שׂ׳ כְּשָׂבִים וְשׂ׳ עִזִּים Devarim 14:4 (+ the same); for passover Shemos 12:3^(×2), Shemos 12:4^(×2), Shemos 12:5; figuratively of Isr. Yechezkel 34:17^(×2) (‖ אֵילִים, עַתּוּדִים), v Yechezkel 34:20^(×2), Yechezkel 34:22^(×2).

coll. flock: שֶׂה פְזוּרָה Yirmiya 50:17 (= צֹאן אֹבְדוֹת v Yirmiya 50:6).

↗ original

שׂוּט

verb swerve, fall away (akin to שָׂטָה q.see; Mishnaic Hebrew סוּט Hiph. is shake, move away; Assyrian šâṭu, rebel, Meissn⁹⁰; Ethiopic ሦጠ: bring back, restore; in Targum apostatize is סְטָא);—

participle (בינוני) plural construct וְשָׂטֵי כָזָב Tehillim 40:5 those falling away to falsehood (Gunk^{Schöpf. 40} וְשָׂטָה).

↗ original

שֵׂט

n.[m.

↗ original

שׂוּךְ

verb hedge or fence up, about (= II. סוּךְ, q.see);—

past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular שַׂכְתָּ בַעֲדוֹ Iyov 1:10 hast fenced him about (protectingly); participle (בינוני) שָׂךְ Hoshea 2:8 I will hedge up (obstruct) thy way (direct object).

↗ original

שׂוֹךְ

n.[m.] branch or brushwood;—with suffix 3rd masculine singular שׂוֹכֹה Shoftim 9:49 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 91 e; but see G.F. Moore Budde).

↗ original

שׂוֹכָה

noun (fem.) the same,—construct שׂוֹכַת עֵצִים Shoftim 9:48 + perhaps absolute שׂוֹכָה v Shoftim 9:49 (so Septuagint Doorn for Masoretic Text שׂוֹכֹה).

↗ original

שׂוֹכֹה

proper name (place) in Judah:

in Shephelah, שׂוֹכֹה Yehoshua 15:35; Shmuel Alef 17:1^(×2) (from Septuagint Σοκχωθ H.P. Smith (after Wellhausen, compare Driver) conjunction שׂכות), שׂוֹכוֹ Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:7; Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:18, perhaps also שֹׂכֹה Melachim Alef 4:10 (Buhl Benzinger Siegfried-Stade [‘perhaps’]; Th Kittel under 2); mod. Eš-Šuwēke, SSE. from Beth Shemesh, in Wady-es-Sanṭ Robinson^{BR i.494} Buhl^Geogr.194; Σωχω, Σοκχωθ, etc.

in hill-country, Yehoshua 15:48 (Kesiv שׂוכה, Keri שׂוכוֹ), probably also שׂוֹכוֹ Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:18 (‘son’ of חֶבֶר); mod. Šuwêke, 4 h. S. of חֶבְרוֹן Robinson^{BR ii. 16. 21} Buhl^{Geogr. 164}; Σωχω(ν).

↗ original

שׂוּכָתִים

adjective gent. m. plural a family of scribes Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:55; Σωχαθιειμ, SeptuagintL Σουχαθειμ.

↗ original

שׂוּם

verb put, place, set (compare Noldeke^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 532}; Mishnaic Hebrew סוּם Pi. designate, fix, שׂום Ecclus 45:5c; 49:6; Phoenician שם, Assyrian šâmu, fix, determine; Sabean שׂים set, set up, SabDenkm^{Noldeke. 7, 1. 6} CIS^{iv. 1}; Arabic شَامَ (ى) is insert, sheathe, also compute; Ethiopic ሤመ: put, place; Targum שׂוּם, Syriac ܣܳܡ, Old Aramaic שים);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שָׂם Breishis 21:14 + (Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:5 read שָׂם Septuagint Vulgate Gi Be Kau Benzinger), with suffix שָׂמוֹ Yechezkel 17:4 +, שָׂמָ֫הוּ Yechezkel 7:20; 3rd feminine singular שָׂ֫מָה Shmuel Alef 19:13, with suffix שָׂמָ֫תְהוּ Yechezkel 19:5; Yechezkel 24:7; 2nd masculine singular שַׂמְתָּ Yirmiya 32:20 +; 3rd plural שָׂמוּ Breishis 40:15 +; 1st plural שַׂמְנוּ Yeshaya 28:15, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָשׂוּם Shemos 4:11, יָשִׂים Breishis 30:42 +, יָשִׂם Iyov 23:6; juss. יָשֵׂם Shmuel Alef 22:15 +; וַיָּ֫שֶׂם Breishis 2:8 +; with suffix יְשִׂמֵנִי Shmuel Beis 15:4, וַיְשִׂימְךָ Melachim Alef 10:9; 2nd feminine singular וַתָּשִׂימִי Yeshaya 51:23; וָאָשִׂים Shmuel Alef 28:21 +, וָאָשִׂ֫ימָה Ezra 8:17; Shoftim 12:3 Keri (Kesiv ואישׂמה); 2nd masculine plural תָּשִׂימוּ Breishis 32:17 +, תְּשִׂימ֫וּן Shemos 22:24 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שִׂים Breishis 24:2 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute שׂוֹם Devarim 17:15 +, construct שׂוּם Breishis 44:7 +, שִׂים Iyov 20:4 + Shmuel Beis 14:7 Keri (Kesiv שׂום), שׂימו Yeshaya 10:6 Kesiv (Keri שׂוּמוֹ), etc.; participle (בינוני) שָׂם Amos 7:8 +, fs. הַשָּׂמָ֫ה Yeshaya 51:10 (so read for Masoretic Text הַשָּׂ֫מָה); plural שָׂמִים Malachi 2:2 +; passive שִׂים Bamidbar 24:21 (compare Dillmann), Ovadia 1:4; f. according to most שׂוּמָה Shmuel Beis 13:32 (van d. H. שׂימה Kesiv), but see below; שִׂימָ֫ה Tehillim 56:9 Baethgen Buhl, but most imperative (ציווי) ms.;—put, set (often ‖ נָתָן 2, q.see), with a direct object person vel rei (expr. or impl.):

put, set, in a place, + שָׁם Breishis 2:8, + direct object location Breishis 28:11 + 5 times +, c. 2 direct object + location, Melachim Beis 10:8 heads (in) heaps at (direct object location), compare Vayikra 24:6 (עַל); + ב Breishis 40:15, figuratively of י׳, put his name, בִּירוּשׁ׳ Melachim Beis 21:7 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:7, compare c. שָׁם Melachim Alef 9:3; Devarim 12:5 + 6 times; especially ב of receptacle Breishis 31:34, Shemos 2:3, Shoftim 6:19 + often; sackcloth on (ב) loins Breishis 37:34, Melachim Alef 20:31, crown on head Zecharia 6:11; Esther 1:17, shoes on feet Yechezkel 24:17; hook, etc., in nose Melachim Beis 19:28 = Yeshaya 37:29; Iyov 40:26, incense בְּאַפֶּ֑ךָ Devarim 33:10, that is cause thee (י׳) to smell it; feet in stocks (figuratively) Iyov 13:27; Iyov 33:11; knife into throat Mishlei 23:2 (figuratively of self-restraint, Fl in De); words into mouth Shemos 4:15, Bamidbar 22:38 + 8 times, + Devarim 31:19 teach to say or sing; into heart Iyov 22:22, ins. also Shmuel Alef 29:10 Septuagint Th Wellhausen Driver Kittel Budde H.P. Smith; trust in God Tehillim 78:7; (guilt of) blood into house Devarim 22:8, compare Shoftim 9:24 (עַל person; so, c. נָתַן Devarim 21:8; Yirmiya 26:15; Yonah 1:14); something into hand Shemos 4:21, of wonders, that is enable hand to do them; elsewhere = take, of hammer Shoftim 4:21, booty Melachim Alef 20:6, so (figuratively) take one’s life (נֶפֶשׁ) into one’s palm (that is risk it) Shoftim 12:3; Shmuel Alef 19:5; Shmuel Alef 28:21; Iyov 13:14; put eyes בַּפּוּךְ Melachim Beis 9:30 (see פּוּךְ, compare Yeshaya 54:11); נֶפֶשׁ (= person), בַּחַיִּים Tehillim 66:9 (subj. י׳); set men at (the use of) implements Shmuel Beis 12:31 (probably, compare Driver H.P. Smith; > וַיָּשַׂר(ם) sawed them with, as ‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 20:3, Th Wellhausen); Melachim Alef 2:5 (‖ נתן) is doubtful; SeptuagintL Klostermann Kittel read וַיִּקֹּם; charge something against (ב person; properly put in, that is attribute, impute, to) Shmuel Alef 22:15; Iyov 4:18; so, c. ל person Devarim 22:14, compare (ל om.) v Devarim 22:17; put בְּקֶרֶב Amos 7:8; Yeshaya 63:11, בְּתוֹךְ Yechezkel 26:12.

put something upon (עַל) Bamidbar 21:8, Bamidbar 21:9 + often; jewels, clothes, on person Breishis 24:17, Breishis 41:42, Vayikra 8:8, Rus 3:3, turban Zecharia 3:5^(×2); Shemos 29:5, Vayikra 8:9 compare (preposition om.) Iyov 24:15; Iyov 36:13 (figuratively), girdle Yirmiya 13:1, Yirmiya 13:2, sackcloth Melachim Alef 21:27; שׂ׳ אָדָם עַל־הָאָרֶץ Iyov 20:4 (of man’s creation); of siege and siege engines, עַל = against, Micha 4:14; Yechezkel 4:2; Yechezkel 23:24; put, lay, upon (עַל), Melachim Beis 4:29 +; hand Breishis 48:18 + 3 times, + upon mouth, in silence Shoftim 18:19; Iyov 21:5, and awe Micha 7:16, so c. ל Iyov 29:9, לְמוֹ Iyov 40:4, Iyov 40, upon (עַל) head Shmuel Beis 13:19 (in despair, compare Yirmiya 2:37); direct object of disease Shemos 15:26, so (ב person) v Shemos 15:26 Devarim 7:16; figuratively, spirit (עַל) Bamidbar 11:17, name Bamidbar 6:27, duty Iyov 37:15 (?), reproach Shmuel Alef 11:2, רָעָה תַּחַת טוֹבָה Tehillim 109:5 (Peshitta Baethgen וַיָשִׁיבוּ, so, or וַיְשַׁלְּמוּ, Hupfeld Cheyne); שׂ׳ עַל לֵב Shir HaShirim 8:6 (simile), so, figuratively, = remember, treasure up, Yeshaya 42:25; Yeshaya 47:7 (‖ זָכַר), + 6 times, c. אֶל Shmuel Beis 13:33; Shmuel Beis 19:20 (‖ the same); c. ב Shmuel Alef 21:13; compare שׂ׳ בְּאָזְנֵי Shemos 17:14, impress upon.

put, lay, set, c. ל, Melachim Beis 11:16 lay (violent) hands on = Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:15; put end to Iyov 18:2; Iyov 28:3; set לְמָרוֹם Iyov 5:11; render glory to Yehoshua 7:19 (‖ נָתַן), Yeshaya 42:12; make covenant with Shmuel Beis 23:5; set food for Breishis 43:32, Shmuel Beis 12:20, preposition om. Breishis 43:31, so c. לִפְנֵי Shmuel Alef 9:24; Shmuel Alef 28:22; Melachim Beis 6:22; שׂ׳ לִפְנֵי elsewhere Shoftim 18:21, of precedence Breishis 48:20; set laws (as authoritative) לִפְנֵי Shemos 19:7; Shemos 21:1 (both E), Devarim 4:44; God (as moral ruler) לְנֶגְדָּם Tehillim 54:5; Tehillim 86:14; שׂ׳ נֶגֶד also Breishis 31:37, נֹכַח Yechezkel 14:4, Yechezkel 14:7; לְעֵינֵי Breishis 30:41.

put, c. בֵּין Yehoshua 24:7 + 5 times (Shemos 8:19 see פְּדוּת p. 804), + Breishis 30:36, Breishis 32:17, put space between; c. תַּחַת Shemos 17:12, + 3 times (Ovadia 1:7 del. לַחְמְךָ Wellhausen G.A. Smith Nowack and elsewhere) + שׂ׳ יָד תַּחַת יָרֵךְ in oath Breishis 24:2, Breishis 24:9; Breishis 47:29 (all J); put, c. אֶל location Shmuel Alef 6:11, Shmuel Alef 6:15; Shmuel Alef 19:13 Chavakuk 2:15, אֶל person Iyov 5:8 commit unto; c. אֵצֶל rei Vayikra 6:3, מִצַּד rei Devarim 31:26; שׂ׳ עִמְּךָ Shmuel Alef 9:23 lay up something with thee, reserve it; put, c. יַחַד Micha 2:12 put together = collect (‖ אָסַף, קִבֵּץ); without modifier Melachim Alef 18:23, Melachim Alef 18:25; Iyov 14:15; Yechezkel 30:21 apply bandage (‖ נָתַן).

set, direct:

sword against (ב) Shoftim 7:22; figuratively extend compassion, ל person Yeshaya 47:6

direct לֵב, לֵבָב (mind) toward, pay attention to, c. ל, Devarim 32:46; Shmuel Alef 9:20; Yechezkel 40:4; Yechezkel 44:5; c. אֶל Shemos 9:21, Shmuel Alef 25:25; Shmuel Beis 18:3^(×2); Iyov 2:3; Iyov 34:14 (Budde Duhm del. לֵב and read יָשִׁיב רוּחוֹ); c. עַל Chaggai 1:5, Chaggai 1:7; Iyov 1:8; compl. om. Yechezkel 44:5 a Chaggai 2:15, Chaggai 2:18^(×2); Yeshaya 41:22; Shoftim 19:30 read perhaps לְבַבְכֶם for לָכֶם (or עֵצָה for עֻצוּ); לֵב om. Iyov 4:20, Yeshaya 41:20 (+ רָאָה, יָדַע, הִשְׂכִּיל), c. ב person Iyov 23:6 (so Budde, who cps. Iyov 4:20; Iyov 24:12; Iyov 34:23, but all cases doubtful); שִׂים לֵב, c. עַל = intend Daniel 1:8 (object cl.).

set face (פָּנִים) toward (direct object location) Breishis 31:21, + לָבוֹא Yirmiya 42:15^(×2), Yirmiya 42:17; Yirmiya 44:12, compare Melachim Beis 12:18; Daniel 11:17; c. אֶל, toward or against (implying opposition) Yechezkel 6:2 + 5 times Ez, c. עַל Yechezkel 29:2; Yechezkel 35:2, c. דֶּרֶךְ of direction Yechezkel 21:2; c. ב (figuratively of oppos., subj. י׳): הִנְנִי שָׂם פָּנַי בָּכֶם לְרָעָה Yirmiya 44:11, compare Yirmiya 21:10 Yechezkel 15:7 (‖ נתן), Vayikra 20:5; c. ל rei (human subj.) Daniel 11:18 Keri (< Kt ישׁב); c. עַל person + לִמְלֹךְ of purpose Melachim Alef 2:15; set eyes (עֵינַים) upon, c. עַל person = behold Breishis 44:21, = look after, take care of, Yirmiya 39:12; Yirmiya 40:4, לְטוֹבָה Yirmiya 24:6, but לְרָעָה Amos 9:4.

set, ordain, with a direct object rei Bamidbar 24:23 (> direct object person Dillmann).

set, establish a law, statute, + ל person Shemos 15:25; Yehoshua 24:25 (both E), compare Mishlei 8:29; + ב location Yeshaya 42:4 Tehillim 78:5 (‖ הֵקִים), also Tehillim 81:6; Yirmiya 33:25 + Shmuel Beis 20:19 (שָׂמוּ for שְׁלֻמֵי Septuagint Ewald Wellhausen Kittel Budde H.P. Smith, compare Driver); establish something as (ל) law Breishis 47:26, Shmuel Alef 30:25 (+ ל person); establish bazaars (as a right), ב location, Melachim Alef 20:34; appoint a set time Shemos 9:5, Iyov 34:23 (reading מוֹעֵד for עוֹד GHBWr Budde), ins. (perhaps) Shmuel Alef 13:8 so Driver Klostermann H.P. Smith (> ins. אמר Th Wellhausen Budde Kittel, after Septuagint Targum); a place, + ל person Shemos 21:13; Shmuel Beis 7:10 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 17:9, ל rei Melachim Alef 8:21 (+ שָׁם).

set, found a nation, Yeshaya 44:7 (si vera l.), establish it Tehillim 89:30 (לָעַד).

set, appoint (as ruler, official) + עַל person vel gent., Shemos 1:11; Shemos 18:21 (all E), Devarim 17:14, Devarim 17:15^(×3); Shoftim 11:11 (+ ל of office), Shmuel Beis 17:25 (+ תַּחַת instead of) + 6 times + Breishis 47:6 (J; second direct object = ruler, expressed), Shmuel Beis 23:23 (אֶל), עַל in ‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:25; also 2 direct object + ל and ב location Tehillim 105:21, ב location Shmuel Beis 15:4; Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:14, בְּרֹאשׁ at the head of, Devarim 1:13, Devarim 1:2 direct object alone Shir HaShirim 1:6; c.direct object person + ל person Breishis 27:37, Hoshea 2:2; Shmuel Alef 8:5 (+ inf.); + ל of title Breishis 45:8, Breishis 45:9 Shemos 2:14 (+ עַל; all E) + 4 times + Shoftim 8:33 (+ ל person), + Yechezkel 44:8 (perhaps read וַתְּשִׂימוּם Hitzig Smend Co and most); + ל of purpose Chavakuk 1:12; + ב of position, ל person Shmuel Alef 8:11; with a direct object of office alone Shmuel Alef 8:12 (+ ל person), so Co Yechezkel 21:27 (שָׂרִים for כָּרִים, see כַּר under כרר), Melachim Alef 20:24 (+ תחת), compare Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:18, + עַל, אֶל, of task Bamidbar 4:19; Iyov 7:20 set me as (ל) mark for (ל) him.

set, constitute, make, c. כ person vel rei, Breishis 13:16 I will make thy seed as the dust, Breishis 32:13 Breishis 48:20, Devarim 10:22; Hoshea 11:8 + 16 times + (bad sense) Hoshea 2:5; Nachum 3:6; Melachim Alef 19:2.

set, determine, fix, bounds Yirmiya 5:22 (2 direct object) Iyov 38:5, Iyov 38:33 Tehillim 104:9; passive determined, settled, + עַל־פֶּה Shmuel Beis 13:32 (but see II. שׂום); appoint, send, frogs לְפַרְעֹה Shemos 8:8, with a direct object person + עַל against Melachim Beis 18:14.

set, station, at a post, etc., direct object person Yehoshua 8:13, + ב location Melachim Beis 10:24; Yirmiya 9:7 + 5 times, + adverb direct object Breishis 33:2, + בֵּין location Yehoshua 8:12, + ל (against) and אַחֲרֵי location v Yehoshua 8:2 (both ), + ל against Shoftim 9:25 (+ עַל location), + אֶל against Shoftim 20:29, Shoftim 20:36; doubtful are Shmuel Alef 15:2 (c.ל person), Melachim Alef 20:12^(×2) (עַל־הָעִיר), where no object expr. (in Masoretic Text); either an object has fallen out, or verb (in techn. military sense), here intrans. or inwardly trans. (Delitzsch ^{ZK ii. 397} forward! take direction toward; comparealso [on Smend] Wellhausen Driver Löhr), or else שׂ׳ is corrupt (compareH.P. Smith^Smend).

put in position, sacred bread, sword, staves, bars, c.direct object Shmuel Alef 21:7; Yechezkel 21:27; Bamidbar 4:6, Bamidbar 4:8, Bamidbar 4:11, Bamidbar 4:14 + 4 times P, Iyov 38:10; + עַל Shemos 32:27, Shemos 40:20, מִמַּעַל ל Yirmiya 43:10, מֵעַל Esther 3:1; + (various modifiers) 8 times; set in place, תֵּבֵל Iyov 34:13 (De and elsewhere), but context favours שָׁמַר Budde; Duhm שׂ׳ לִבּוֹ בְּתֵבֵל.

set up throne Melachim Alef 2:19, altars Yirmiya 11:13, memorial stone Breishis 18:18, Breishis 28:22, Shmuel Alef 7:12 (compareהֵקִים Breishis 31:45 +), image, etc. Shoftim 18:31 (‖ הֵקִים), Devarim 27:15; Melachim Alef 12:29 (ב location, ‖ נָתַן), Melachim Beis 21:7 (ב location) = Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:7, compare Tehillim 74:4; Yeshaya 57:8 and, + ב location, Yirmiya 7:30; Yirmiya 32:34; rods before (לְעֵינֵי) cattle Breishis 30:41 (‖ וַיַּצֵּג v Breishis 30:38), compare v Breishis 30:42, guide-posts Yirmiya 31:21, bed Melachim Beis 4:10 (+ ל person).

= plant, wheat Yeshaya 28:25, tree Yeshaya 41:19 (ב location; ‖ נָתַן), slip Yechezkel 17:5 (עַל by).

set, fix (countenance) Melachim Beis 8:11, so usually, but direct object om., and sense doubtful; read perhaps וַיִּשֹּׁם (√ שׁמם, compare for example Melachim Alef 9:8), so Klostermann Kmp Kittel Benzinger.

make a thing, or person (direct object), for transform into (ל), Yehoshua 6:18 make camp לְחֵרֶם, Micha 1:6 make Samaria לְעִי, Breishis 21:13, Breishis 21:18, Shemos 14:21, Micha 4:7 (both good sense), Yeshaya 28:17; Yeshaya 42:15, Yeshaya 42:16 + 12 times Is. (Yeshaya 25:2 read עִיר for מֵעִיר old versions commentaries), Yirmiya 2:7 + 8 times Je, + 14 times + Shoftim 1:28 they made the Can. into the corvée; וְיָשֵׂם לְדֶרֶךְ פְּעָמָיו Tehillim 85:14 maketh his steps into a way (so Revised Version Hupfeld Cheyne Driver, but meaning obscure; De Baethgen attend to the way of (לֵב om.); Schrader Hupfeld-Nowack read וְיִשְׁמֹר ד׳); c. 2 direct object Yehoshua 8:28, Tehillim 39:9; Tehillim 66:2 Micha 1:7; Micha 4:13 Melachim Alef 5:23 (prægn. c. עַד location), + 29 times

make, constitute, 2 direct object, Shmuel Alef 8:1; Shmuel Alef 18:13 (+ ל person) Shmuel Alef 22:7 (לְכֻלְּכֶם, ל of direct object; or < read וְכֻלְּכֶם), Yeshaya 3:7; Yeshaya 60:17 + 6 times, + Shmuel Alef 11:11 form people in bands, compare Iyov 1:17 (one direct object, form bands), + (direct object person om.) Shemos 4:11, compare (beast, in figuratively) Yechezkel 19:5; Yechezkel 19:2 direct object and direct object + ל in same ver., Yeshaya 54:12 I will make rubies thy pinnacles, and (transform) thy gates into carbuncles; in phr. of naming, שָׂם שְׁמוֹ יִשְׂרָאֵל Melachim Beis 17:34, compare Shoftim 8:31; Nechemia 9:7; c. ל, וַיָּשֶׂם לָהֶם שֵׁמוֹת Daniel 1:7, וַיּ׳ לְדָנִיֵּאל בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר v Daniel 1:7; make, fashion, with a direct object rei + ל person Shemos 4:11 (J; י׳ subj.); grave Nachum 1:14 (but on text and meaning see Nowack Bi ^{SB Wiener Akkadian 1894, Abh. v}); with a direct object דֶּרֶךְ Yeshaya 43:19 (ב location), compare Yechezkel 21:24, Yechezkel 21:25 (+ ל inf.); Tehillim 50:23 is doubtful, usually order (one’s) way, De Driver prepare way (which), etc., Gratz Cheyne תֹּם for שָׂם; make name + ל person Shmuel Beis 7:23 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 17:21, Shmuel Beis 14:7; make for, ל person (or give to), c.direct object of posterity Breishis 45:7; Shmuel Alef 2:20 read probably יְשַׁלֵּם Septuagint Wellhausen Kittel Budde H.P. Smith, compare Driver; Ezra 10:44 is obscure, Guthe-Batten del. וַיָּשִׂימוּ and read וַיְשַׁלְּחוּ bef. נָשִׁים, compare 3 Esdr 9:36 Be Ry Ryle.

work, bring to pass, with a direct object rei, of י׳’s signs, etc., + ב location Shemos 10:2, Yirmiya 32:20; Yeshaya 66:19 Tehillim 46:9; Tehillim 78:43; Tehillim 105:27.

appoint, give, direct object rei Bamidbar 6:26, Yeshaya 61:3 (‖ נָתַן; both c. ל person); a pledge Iyov 17:3 (‖ עָרְבֵנִי go surety for me, but read perhaps עֶרְבֹנִי as object, see p. 786 b); וְשׂוֹם שֵׂכֶל Nechemia 8:3 giving understanding (making sense clear).

past (עבר) 1st singular consec. וַהֲשִׂמֹתִיהוּ Yechezkel 14:8, direct object person + ל, I will make him for a sign (< שׁ for שׂ van d. H., √ שׁמם; Co Berthol Toy וְשַׂמְתִּיהוּ (Qal), Krae וְהִשְׁמַדְתִּיהוּ); imperative (ציווי) fs. הָשִׂימִי Yechezkel 21:21, probably del as dittogr. Co Krae after Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate Targum Noldeke ^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 530} (> Böttcher Toy and elsewhere הִקְדִּימוּ); participle (בינוני) מֵשִׂים Iyov 4:20 = Qal (לֵב) שׂום (v 2 b), but phr. doubtful, and text perhaps crpt., see Me Noldeke^l.c..

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיּוּשַׂם Breishis 24:33 Keri (Kesiv ויישׂם Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 73 f) there was set before him (לְפָנָיו) to eat, compare Olshausen ^{MB Ak. 1870, 389} Konig ^{i. 435}, who read also וַיּוּשַׂם Breishis 50:26 he was laid in (ב) a mummycase (for Masoretic Text וַיִּישֶׂם Dillmann ^{(ed. 4.5.6)} allows this.

↗ original

שׂוּמָה

(van d. H. שׂימה Kesiv) perhaps noun (fem.) token of unluckiness, scowl;—Shmuel Beis 13:32, so Ewald^{G iii. 234, H. 172} (abbrev. from שׂמאל; or emend. שִׂטְמָה) Wellhausen Robertson Smith^{Ency. Brit. (9) DAVID} Kittel, compare Driver H.P. Smith.

↗ original

שׂוּר

verb saw (‖ form of נָשַׂר; denom. from מַשּׂוֹר?);—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיָּשַׂר Divrei HaYamim Alef 20:3 (but see שׂים 1 a).—Hoshea 9:12 see סור; Shoftim 9:22; Hoshea 8:4 see שׂרר; Hoshea 12:5 see שׂרה.

↗ original

שׂוֹרָה

Yeshaya 28:25 probably dittogr. for following שְׂעֹרָה (Koppe Wellhausen Cheyne and elsewhere; Septuagint Peshitta om.); > Vulgate Gesenius Dillmann and elsewhere in rows (adverb direct object; but Mishnaic Hebrew שׁוּרָה, Arabic سُورٌ, Lagarde ^{GGN, 1889, 298}; compare Vogelst ^{Landwirthsch. 41} who favours שׁ׳ in Is. More plausible would be some grian, as שורה Zinj. Inscr., Lidzbarski³⁷⁴ Sachau ^{Panammu 23}).

↗ original

שׂוּשׂ

verb exult, rejoice (Noldeke ^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 536} der. (‘perhaps’) from interj., as شَأْشَأْ an enticing call, so Gerber²⁰);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שָׂשׂ Devarim 28:63 +, 1st singular שַׂשְׂתִּי Tehillim 119:14, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָשִׂישׂ Devarim 28:63 +, 3rd masculine plural יְשֻׂשׂוּם Yeshaya 35:1 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 47 n Konig ^{i. 510}, but ם erron. Kenn Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 244 a, probably dittogr., so Lo Hitzig Gratz Cheyne^Haupt. Marti), etc.; imperative (ציווי) fs. שִׂישִׂי Eicha 4:2, mpl. שִׂישׂוּ Yeshaya 65:18; Yeshaya 66:10; infinitive (מקור) absolute שׂוֹשׂ Yeshaya 61:10; construct לָשׂוּשׂ Devarim 30:9;—exult, display joy,c. עַל over, Devarim 28:63^(×2); Devarim 30:9^(×2); Yirmiya 32:41; Yeshaya 62:5; Tzefania 3:17 (+ בְּשִׂמְחָה; ‖ גִּיל), Tehillim 119:162; c. ב Yeshaya 61:10 (שׂוֹשׂ אָשִׂישׂ), Yeshaya 65:19 Tehillim 35:9 (all ‖ גִּיל); Tehillim 40:17; Tehillim 68:4 (+ בְּשִׂמְחָה; ‖ עָלַץ), Tehillim 70:5 (all ‖ שָׂמַח); Tehillim 119:14; Iyov 39:21 (horse), Tehillim 19:6 (sun, as athlete); c. כִּי and cl. Eicha 1:21; absolute Yeshaya 35:1; Yeshaya 65:18 (both ‖ גִּיל), Yeshaya 64:4 (but del. שָׂשׂ וְ Septuagint Gratz Duhm Cheyne^Haupt Marti), Yeshaya 66:14; Eicha 4:21 (‖ שָׂמַת), Iyov 3:22 (‖ שָׂמַח אֱלֵ י־גִיל), Yeshaya 66:10 (direct object cogn.; ‖ גִּיל, שָׂמַח) v Yeshaya 66:14. Yechezkel 21:15 is crpt., Co reads לְאַנְשֵׁי (for נָשִׂישׂ), Krae לִנְשִׂיאֵי, other conjunction in comm.; on cl. vid. especially Davidson Toy^{Hebrew Haupt.}.

↗ original

שָׂשׂוֹן

noun (masc.) ^{Yeshaya 51:3} exultation, rejoicing;—absolute שׂ׳ Tehillim 45:8 +, שָׂשׂן Esther 8:16; construct שְׂשׂוֹן (Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 296 e) Tehillim 51:14; Tehillim 119:111;—exultation, joy (especially in י׳’s favour), Yoel 1:12; Yeshaya 12:3 Tehillim 51:14; Tehillim 105:43; Tehillim 119:111; שֶׁמֶן שׂ׳ (that is with which guests were anointed; figuratively) Tehillim 45:8; Yeshaya 61:3 (opposite אֵבֶל); שֵׁם שׂ׳ Yirmiya 33:9 (‖ תְּהִלָּה; on text see Giesebrecht Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 115}); elsewhere ‖ שִׂמְחָה: Yirmiya 7:34; Yirmiya 15:16; Yirmiya 16:9; Yirmiya 25:10; Yirmiya 33:11; Yeshaya 22:13 (only here condemned as reckless, wanton), Yeshaya 35:10; Yeshaya 51:3, Yeshaya 51:11 Zecharia 8:19 Tehillim 51:10; Esther 8:16, Esther 8:17; ‖ שָׂמַח Yirmiya 31:13 (opposite אֵבֶל).

↗ original

שֵׂחַ

see שִׂיח.

↗ original

שָׂ֔חוּ

n.[m.^{Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 192 a}] swimming (on format. (and tone) Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 84 a c Konig^{ii. 1, 60. 497});—מֵי שׂ׳ Yechezkel 47:5.

↗ original

שָׂחִיף

adjective (?), doubtful (van d. H. שְׁחִיף; √ unknown);—construct שְׂחִיף עֵץ Yechezkel 41:16 usually panelled, wainscotted, with wood; or n. a wainscot of wood, but Co חִפּוּי, Toy חָפוּי (construct חֲפוּי).

↗ original

שָׂחַק

verb laugh (‖ צהק, q.see; Mishnaic Hebrew שָׂחַק, סָחַק; Ethiopic ሠሐቀ: );—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular וְשׂ׳ consec. Mishlei 29:9; 3rd plural שָֽׂחֲקוּ Eicha 1:7; Iyov 30:1; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׂחַק Iyov 39:7 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct שְׂחוֹק Shoftim 16:27; Koheles 3:4;—

laugh at, usually in contempt, derision, c. עַל person Iyov 30:1 Tehillim 52:8; עַל rei Eicha 1:7; c. ל person God subj. Tehillim 37:13; Tehillim 59:9 (‖ לָעַג); c. ל rei vel person = have no fear of, Chavakuk 1:10; Iyov 5:22; Mishlei 31:25, also, figuratively, of noble animals Iyov 39:7, Iyov 39:18, Iyov 39:22; Iyov 41:21; absolute, Mishlei 29:9 (opposite רָגַז), of י׳ Tehillim 2:4 (‖ לָעַג), of wisdom Mishlei 1:26 (ב temp.; ‖ the same).

c. אֶל person, appar. of friendly laugh Iyov 29:24; in generally Koheles 3:4 (opposite בָּכָה).

sport, play, Shoftim 16:27.

past (עבר) 1st singular וְשִׂחַקְתִּ֫י Shmuel Alef 6:21; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיְשַׂחֶק־ Shoftim 16:25, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct לְשַׂחֶק־ Tehillim 104:26; participle (בינוני) מְשַׂחֵק Mishlei 26:19; Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:29, f. מְשַׂחֶ֫קֶת Mishlei 8:30, Mishlei 8:31; plural מְשַׂחֲקִים Shmuel Beis 6:5 +, מְשַׂחֲקוֹת Shmuel Alef 18:7;—

make sport, Shoftim 16:25 (ל person) Shmuel Beis 2:14 (לִפְנֵי person; in tournament), Mishlei 8:30 (לִפְנֵי), v Mishlei 8:31 (ב location).

jest, Mishlei 26:19.

play: incl. instr. music, singing and dancing Shmuel Alef 18:7, c. לִפְנֵי י׳ Shmuel Beis 6:5 (ב instr.), = Divrei HaYamim Alef 13:8, Shmuel Beis 6:21 Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:29 (+ מְרַקֵּד); of merry-making Yirmiya 15:17 (‖ עָלַז), Yirmiya 30:19; Yirmiya 31:4; of children’s sport Zecharia 8:5; of beasts Iyov 40:20 Tehillim 104:26; of man, play with (ב) crocod. Iyov 40:29.

(declar.) participle (בינוני) plural מַשְׂחִיקִים Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:10 they uttered mockery עֲלֵיהֶם (‖ מַלְעִגִים).

↗ original

שְׂחֹק

n.[m.] laughter, derision, sport (proposes inf. construct);—absolute שְׂחֹק Yirmiya 48:26 + 5 times; construct Koheles 7:6; absolute שְׂחוֹק Yirmiya 20:7 + 7 times;—

laughter (joyous) Iyov 8:21 (‖ תְּרוּעָה), Tehillim 126:2 (‖ רִנָּה), Koheles 2:2 (‖ שִׂמְחָה), Koheles 10:19 (‖ שִׂמֵּחַ); as hollow Mishlei 14:13 (opposite כָּאַב), Koheles 7:3 (opposite כַּעַס), compare שׂ׳ הַכְּסִיל v Koheles 7:6.

(object of) derision, הָיָה לִשׂ׳, Yirmiya 20:7; Yirmiya 48:26, Yirmiya 48:27 (read לִשׂ׳ for Masoretic Text הַשּׂ׳ Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate Giesebrecht Duhm; Co del. vv), v Yirmiya 48:39 Eicha 3:14; elsewhere Iyov 12:4^(×2).

sport Mishlei 10:23.

↗ original

שֵׂט²

see [שׂוט].

↗ original

שָׂטה

verb turn aside (Aramaic סְטָא, ܣܛܳܐ the same; שְׂטָא stray; Ethiopic ሠጠየ iii. 1 be seduced, etc.; compare Driver^{JPhil. xi (1882), 205});—

past (עבר) 2nd feminine singular שָׂטִית Bamidbar 5:19, Bamidbar 5:20; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תִּשְׂטֶה v Bamidbar 5:12, Bamidbar 5:29, juss. 3rd masculine singular יֵשְׂטְ Mishlei 7:25; imperative (ציווי) ms. שְׂטֵה Mishlei 4:15;—turn aside, of unfaithful wife Bamidbar 5:12 (absolute), + תַּחַת אִישׁ, that is while married, v Bamidbar 5:19 (+ טֻמְאָה adverb direct object), v Bamidbar 5:20, Bamidbar 5:29 (all P); of youth, from (מֵעַל) way of evil woman Mishlei 4:15, toward (אֶל) her ways Mishlei 7:25.

↗ original

שָׂטָן

noun (masc.) ^{Tehillim 109:6} 1. adversary. 2. Satan (Mishnaic Hebrew שָׂטָן, סָטָן; Aramaic שָׂטָנָא, סָטָנָא, Syriac ܣܳܛܳܢܳܐ (Hebr.); Mishnaic Hebrew verb סָטַן, Aramaic סְטַן; Arabic شَطَنَ is be remote, especially from the truth, and from the mercy of God; شَيْطَانٌ Satan, Ethiopic ሰይጣን );—

adversary, in generally, personal or national; (ל) הָיָה לְשׂ׳ Bamidbar 22:22, Shmuel Alef 29:4 (compare Nestle^{Marg. 15}), Shmuel Beis 19:23, יָצָא לְשׂ׳ Bamidbar 22:32; שׂ׳ Melachim Alef 5:18; Melachim Alef 11:25; הֵקִים שׂ׳ ל, subj. God Melachim Alef 11:14, Melachim Alef 11:23, compare Tehillim 109:6 (‖ רָשָׁע).

superhuman adversary, הַשּׂ׳:

of Job, one of בְּנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים Iyov 1:6, Iyov 1:7^(×2), Iyov 1:8, Iyov 1:9, Iyov 1:12^(×2); Iyov 2:1, Iyov 2:2^(×2), Iyov 2:3, Iyov 2:4, Iyov 2:6, Iyov 2:7.

of h. p. of Isr. bef. י׳, Zecharia 3:1, Zecharia 3:2^(×2); Septuagint ὁ διάβολος.

as proper name שׂ׳ Satan Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:1 (interpr. Shmuel Beis 24:1), Septuagint διάβολος (Septuagint σατάν †Melachim Alef 11:14, Melachim Alef 11:23; Σατανᾶς Mt 4:10; Mk 1:13; Lk 10:18 + 33 times NT).

↗ original

שִׂטְנָה

noun (fem.) accusation;—Ezra 4:6.

↗ original

שִׂטְנָה²

proper name putei (hostility) Breishis 26:21.

↗ original

שִׂיב

verb be hoary (Mishnaic Hebrew שֵׂיבָה old age; Assyrian šêbu, aged man; Arabic شَابَ (ى) become hoary, Ethiopic ሤበ (in deriv.); Aramaic סִיב be old; ܣܶܐܒ grow old, ܣܰܝ̈ܒܳܬܳܐ grey hair);—

past (עבר) 1st singular זָקַנְתִּי וָשַׂ֫בְתִּי Shmuel Alef 12:2; participle (בינוני) שָׂב Iyov 15:10 (+ יָשִׁישׁ aged).

↗ original

שֵׂיבָה

noun (fem.) hoary head, old age;—absolute שׂ׳ Hoshea 7:9 +; construct שֵׂיבַת Breishis 44:31; with suffix שֵׂיבָתִי Breishis 42:38; Breishis 44:29, etc.;—

grey hair, hoary head Hoshea 7:9 (figuratively), Breishis 42:38; Breishis 44:29, Breishis 44:31 (all J), Melachim Alef 2:6, Melachim Alef 2:9; Mishlei 16:31; Mishlei 20:29; אִישׁ שׂ׳ Devarim 32:25 (opposite יוֹנֵק); ‖ זָקֵן Vayikra 19:32, ‖ זִקְנָה Yeshaya 46:4, + the same, Tehillim 71:18 (in these transition to following); figuratively of sea Iyov 41:24.

old age, שׂ׳ טוֹבָה Breishis 15:15, Breishis 25:8, Shoftim 8:32; Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:28; שׂ׳ also Tehillim 92:15 (trees, in figuratively of righteous), Rus 4:15, + Shmuel Beis 19:34 (Septuagint Ewald Th Budde Kittel, compare Wellhausen Driver H.P. Smith, אֶת־שֵׂיבָֽתְךָ, for אֹתְךָ).

↗ original

שִׂיג

see I. [סוג].

↗ original

שִׂיד

n.[m.] lime, whitewash;—always שׂ׳;—lime, produced by burning bones Amos 2:1, in simile Yeshaya 33:12; as whitewash Devarim 27:2, Devarim 27:4.

↗ original

שִׂיד²

verb denom. whitewash;—

past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular וְשַׂדְתָּ֫ אֹתָם בַּשִּׂיד Devarim 27:2, Devarim 27:4.

↗ original

שִׂיחַ

noun (masc.) ^{Tehillim 104:34} complaint, musing;—absolute שׂ׳ Melachim Alef 18:27; Mishlei 23:29; with suffix שִׂיחִי Shmuel Alef 1:16 +, שִׂחִי Iyov 23:2, שִׂיחוֹ Melachim Beis 9:11 Tehillim 102:1;—

plaint, complaint: Iyov 7:13; Iyov 9:27; Iyov 10:1 (‖ מר נפשׁ), Iyov 21:4; Iyov 23:2 Mishlei 23:29 Tehillim 55:3 (‖ אָהִימָה); קוֹלִי בְּשִׂיחִי Tehillim 64:2; שָׁפַךְ שׂ׳ לפני י׳ Tehillim 102:1; Tehillim 142:3. Foll. are doubtful:

musing, Melachim Alef 18:27 of a god, ‖ שִׂיג לוֹ, (so Revised Version; Siegfried-Stade ‘nachdenken’; Buhl ‘beschäftigt sein’; Authorized Version talk); Tehillim 104:34 of man (Buhl Siegfried-Stade. Baethgen ‘Rede, oder Gesang’).—Vid. also [שֵׂחַ] below

anxiety, trouble: מֵרֹב שִׂיחִי Shmuel Alef 1:16; (defined in Masoretic Text by כַּעַס, compare H.P. Smith; so Buhl Siegfried-Stade, but perhaps = 1).

the way in which he talks: שִׂיחוֹ Melachim Beis 9:11.

↗ original

שִׂיחָה

noun (fem.) the same;—absolute שׂ׳ Tehillim 119:99 Iyov 15:4; with suffix שִׂיחָתִי Tehillim 119:97;—

complaint: שׂ׳ לִפְנֵי־אֵל Iyov 15:4; (so Budde and elsewhere, compare שִׂיחַ 1 De and elsewhere meditation, compare [גָּרַע]).

(object of) musing, study: תּוֹרָה Tehillim 119:97; עֵדוּת v Tehillim 119:99.

↗ original

שִׂיחַ²

verbdenom. muse, complain, poet. talk (of);—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָשִׂיחַ Tehillim 119:23; 3rd feminine singular with suffix תְּשִׂיחֶ֑ךָ Mishlei 6:22; 1st singular אָשִׂיחַ Tehillim 119:78 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שִׂיחַ Iyov 12:8; mpl. שִׂיחוּ Shoftim 5:10 +; infinitive (מקור) construct שִׂיחַ Tehillim 119:148;—

complain: Tehillim 55:18; Tehillim 77:4 (both ‖ הָמָה), Iyov 7:11 (בְּמַר נַפְשִׁי), + Tehillim 6:7 (read probably אָשִׂיחָה for אַשְׂחֶה).

muse: עִם־לְבָבִי Tehillim 77:7; c. ב, meditate upon, study, God’s עֲלִילוֹת v Tehillim 77:13 (‖ הָגָה); פִּקּוּדִים Tehillim 119:15, Tehillim 119:78; חֻקִּים v Tehillim 119:23, Tehillim 119:48; נִפְלָאוֹת v Tehillim 119:27; אִמְרָה v Tehillim 119:148; with a direct object דִּבְרֵי נִפְלְאֹתֶיךָ Tehillim 145:5.

talk (about), sing (of): absolute Shoftim 5:10 (ode); c. ב rei, Tehillim 105:2 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:9 (‖ שִׁיר, זִמֵּר; so Siegfried-Stade Gerber, but poss. = 2, so Driver), Tehillim 69:13 (ב person against; ‖ נְגִינוֹת, of mocking words).

c. with suffix person talk (with) Mishlei 6:22 (del. Toy); c. לְ speak to Iyov 12:8 (Dillmann ‘sprich sinnend’; Hitzig Budde read שֶׁרֶץ; Kau חַיַּת (so Budde as altern.), Böttcher and elsewhere under II. שִׂיחַ). Pôlʿel meditate, consider: future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְשׂוֹחֵחַ Yeshaya 53:8 (absolute); 1st singular אֲשׂוֹחֵחַ Tehillim 143:5 (ב rei; ‖ הָגָה).

↗ original

שֵׂחַ²

n.[m.] thought;—with suffix מַגִּיד לְאָדָם מַה־ שֵּׂחוֹ Amos 4:13; read probably שִׂחוֹ (against Barth^{NB 79, 80}) unless otherwise corrupt.

↗ original

שִׂיחַ³

n.[m.] bush, shrub, plant;—שׂ׳ absolute coll. Iyov 30:4, construct שׂ׳ הַשָּׂדֶה Breishis 2:5; plural שִׂיחִים Iyov 30:7, אַחַד הַשִּׂיחִם Breishis 21:15.

↗ original

שִׂים

etc., see I, II. שׂום.

↗ original

שֹׂךְ

see II. שׂכך.

↗ original

שָֽׂכְיָה

(so Baer Gi; var. שַׂכְיָא; van d. H. שָׁבְיָה; Kittel^Haupt doubtful) proper name (masc.) in Benj. Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:10; Σαβια, Σεβια, SeptuagintL Σεχια; Peshitta Vulgate Sechia.

↗ original

שַׂכִּין

n.[m.] knife (Mishnaic Hebrew סַכִּין; probably loan-word (Lewy^{Fremdw. 176}) from Aramaic סַכִּינָא, ܣܰܟܹܝܢܳܐ the same, whence also Arabic سِكِّينٌ Noldeke^{M 125} Frä ⁸⁴; √ doubtful);—absolute שׂ׳ Mishlei 23:2.

↗ original

שָׂכַךְ

verb cover, lay over, so as to screen (compare ‖ √ I. סכך);—

past (עבר) 1st singular וְשַׂכֹּתִי כַפִּי עָלֶיךָ Shemos 33:22.

↗ original

שָׂכַךְ²

verb weave (compare ‖ √ II. סכך); Pôʿ. future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular with suffix תְּשׂכְכֵנִי Iyov 10:11 with bones and sinews thou weavest me together.

↗ original

שָׂכַךְ³

Pilp. prick or spur on (compare Arabic شَاكَ pierce (perhaps denom. from) شَوْكٌ thorn, شَوْكَةٌ point of spear, etc.; Ethiopic ሦክ thorn);—prick or spur on, direct object person: past (עבר) 1 S וְסִכְסַכְתִּ֫י Yeshaya 19:2 (+ ב against); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְסַכְסֵךְ Yeshaya 9:10.

↗ original

שָׂכַל

verb be prudent (Gerber⁴⁷ denom. from שֶׂכֶל, but verb early; Mishnaic Hebrew סָכַל, Hithp. shew oneself attentive (to), look; Aramaic סְכַל (rare) understand, Ithpa. look (at), consider, Aph. instruct; שְׂכַל only Aph. (for Hebrew הִשְׂכִּיל), understand, make wise; ܣܟܰܠ Pa. teach, Ethpa. understand, etc.; Sam. ࠎࠊࠋ Ithpa. look (for Hebrew הִבִּיט); Assyrian šiklu, clever, šiklûtu, cleverness, Meissn^{Suppl. 93});—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׂ׳ Shmuel Alef 18:30 be prudent, circumspect (Siegfried-Stade H.P. Smith); Kittel Buhl Gerber and elsewhere prosper.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִשְׂכִּיל Yirmiya 23:5; Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:19; 1st singular הִשְׂכַּלְתִּי Tehillim 119:99; 3rd masculine plural הִשְׂכִּילוּ Iyov 34:27 +; future (עתיד) יַשְׂכִּיל Shmuel Alef 18:5 +; 2nd masculine singular juss. תַּשְׂכֵּל Daniel 9:25, etc.; imperative (ציווי) mpl. הַשְׂכִּילוּ Tehillim 2:10; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַשְׂכֵּל Yirmiya 9:23 +; הַשְׂכֵּיל (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 53 k) Yirmiya 3:15; Iyov 34:35; construct הַשְׂכִּיל Breishis 3:6 +, etc.; participle (בינוני) מַשְׂכִּיל Shmuel Alef 18:14 +, f. מַשְׂכָּ֑לֶת Mishlei 19:14; plural מַשְׂכִּילִים Daniel 11:35 +, etc.; meanings hard to classify: scholars differ greatly;—

look at: נֶחְמָד הָעֵץ לְהַשְׂכִּיל Breishis 3:6 was desirable to look upon (so Septuagint Gesenius De; Authorized Version, Revised Version to make one wise; Ewald Dillmann Buhl Siegfried-Stade Driver and elsewhere under 3).

give attention to, consider, ponder: Yeshaya 41:20; Yeshaya 44:18; Devarim 32:29 Tehillim 64:10; Tehillim 106:7; Iyov 34:27; c. לְ Mishlei 21:12; c. אֶל Tehillim 41:2; Nechemia 8:13; c. עַל Mishlei 16:20; c. ב Tehillim 101:2; Daniel 9:13.

have insight, comprehension: Yirmiya 9:23 (‖ יָדַע י׳), Tehillim 94:8 (‖ בִּין), Tehillim 119:99; Daniel 1:4; Daniel 9:25 (‖ יָדַע); הַשְׂכֵּ(י)ל as noun = insight, understanding: as י׳’s gift to ruler and teacher, ‖ דֵּעָה Yirmiya 3:15; ‖ דַּ֫עַת Iyov 34:35; ‖ מַדָּע Daniel 1:17; מוּסַר הַשׂ׳ Mishlei 1:3; דֶּרֶךְ הַשׂ׳ Mishlei 21:16.

cause to consider, give insight, teach: י׳ subj., direct object rei, Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:19, direct object person Tehillim 32:8; Nechemia 9:20; Gabriel subj., 2 direct object Daniel 9:22; לֵב חָכָם subj., direct object rei Mishlei 16:23; c. לְ, Mishlei 21:11; הַמַּשְׂכִּילִים שֵׂכֶל טוֹב לי׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:22 (but Be Ke Benzinger etc. who shewed good skill, sc. in music, v Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:21); (הַ)מַשְׂכִּילִים Daniel 11:33, Daniel 11:35; Daniel 12:3, Daniel 12:10 the teachers (so Ewald Hitzig Bev; Gesenius' Thesaurus Ke Behrm and elsewhere the wise).

act circumspectly, prudently: absolute Amos 5:13 Tehillim 2:10; Tehillim 36:4; מַשְׂכִּיל as noun Tehillim 14:2 = Tehillim 53:3, Mishlei 10:5, Mishlei 10:19; Mishlei 14:35; Mishlei 15:24; Mishlei 17:2; Iyov 22:2; אִשָּׁה מַשְׂכָּ֑לֶת Mishlei 19:14.—Yirmiya 50:9 has גִּבּוֹר מַשְׁכִּיל according to Mas. (van d. H. Baer Gi), compare Vulgate, that is a child-slaying warrior; but שׁ׳ Hiph. elsewhere only Hoshea 9:14, of miscarriage; Septuagint Peshitta Ewald and most mod. (Graf Giesebrecht Rothst) read מַשְׂכִּיל, either skilful or fortunate.

prosper, have success (compare Driver Shmuel Alef 18:5): absolute Shmuel Alef 18:15; Yeshaya 52:13; Yirmiya 10:21; Yirmiya 20:11; Yirmiya 23:5; Yehoshua 1:8; c. ב, v Yehoshua 1:7 Shmuel Alef 18:5, Shmuel Alef 18:14 (read בְּכָל־ for לְכָל־ old versions Th H.P. Smith and elsewhere), compare Melachim Beis 18:7; c. אֶל, Mishlei 17:8.

cause to prosper: Devarim 29:8; Melachim Alef 2:3.

↗ original

שֵׂ֫כֶל

noun (masc.) prudence, insight;—שֵׂ֫׳ absolute Tehillim 111:10 +, construct Mishlei 19:11 +; שֶׂ׳ absolute Shmuel Alef 25:3 +; שָׂ֑כֶל Iyov 17:4; with suffix שִׂכְלוֹ Mishlei 12:8; Daniel 8:25;—

prudence, good sense: טוֹבַת שׂ׳ woman of good sense Shmuel Alef 25:3.

insight, understanding: ‖ בִינָה Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:12; Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:11, compare Iyov 17:4; שׂ׳ טוֹב Mishlei 3:4; Mishlei 13:15 Tehillim 111:10; Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:22; אִישׁ שׂ׳ Ezra 8:18; יוֹעֵץ בְּשׂ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:14; מְקוֹר חַיִּים שׂ׳ בְּעָלָיו Mishlei 16:22; restrains from anger Mishlei 19:11, wins praise Mishlei 12:8, fool despises שׂ׳ מִלִּים Mishlei 23:9; שׂוֹם שׂ׳ Nechemia 8:8 (‖ הֵבִין) set forth (the) understanding (that is the meaning).

bad sense, cunning, craft, Daniel 8:25.

↗ original

שָׂכַל²

verb

lay crosswise (so, and not √ I. שׂ׳, Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate Targum Jon and mod., compare Arabic شَكَلَ bind legs of beast, plait locks of hair);—past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שִׂכֵּל אֶת־יָדָיו Breishis 48:14; Gesenius' Thesaurus Driver, however, prudentes fecit, from √ I. שׂ׳.

↗ original

שִׂכְלוּת

Koheles 1:17 see סִכְלוּת.

↗ original

שָׂכַר

verb hire (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Sabean תשכר hire oneself out(?), recompense(?) D.H. Müller^{Hofmus. 11}; Ethiopic ሥኩር: hired; Arabic شَكَرَ reward, thank, mod. Pal. شكارة hired, of land ploughed by hire, Bergheim^{PEQ 1894, 196}; Palmyrene שכרא perhaps rewarding Lidzbarski³⁷⁵);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׂ׳ Devarim 23:5, ס׳ Ezra 4:5 with suffix שְׂכָרוֹ Nechemia 6:12; 1st singular with suffix שְׂכַרְתִּיךָ Breishis 30:16; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיִּשְׂכֹּר Shoftim 9:4 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׂכֹר Breishis 30:16; construct לִשְׂכֹּר Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:6; participle (בינוני) active שׂבֵר Mishlei 26:10^(×2), plural שׂכְרִים Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:12 (Ezra 4:5 see ii. סבר); passive שָׂכוּר Nechemia 6:13;—hire, retainers Shoftim 9:4 (ב pret.), soldiers, etc. Shmuel Beis 10:6 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:6, Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:7; Melachim Beis 7:6; Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:6 (ב pret.), priest Shoftim 18:4, artificers Yeshaya 46:6; Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:12, husband’s favour שָׂכֹר שְׂכַרְתִּיךָ Breishis 30:16 (J; ב pret.); Mishlei 26:10^(×2) obscure, see De Nowack Toy; for evil purpose Devarim 23:5 = Nechemia 13:2 (עַל against), Nechemia 6:12, Nechemia 6:13.

hire oneself out, past (עבר) בַּלֶּחֶם נִשְׂכָּ֑רוּ Shmuel Alef 2:5.

earn wages, participle (בינוני) הַמִּשְׂתַּכֵּר Chaggai 1:6 (as noun), מ׳ v Chaggai 1:6 (as verb, + אֶל location, construct praegn.).

↗ original

שֶׂ֫כֶר

n.[m.] hire, wages;—absolute עֹשֵׂי שׂ׳ Yeshaya 19:10 (= שָׂכִיר; construct Mishlei 11:18.

↗ original

שָׂכָר

noun (masc.) ^{Yechezkel 29:18} hire, wages, only singular, not c. art.;—absolute שׂ׳ Bamidbar 18:31 +, construct שְׂכַר Devarim 15:18 +, with suffix שְׂכָרִי Breishis 30:18 +, etc.;—

wages, of servant, Breishis 30:28, Breishis 30:32, Breishis 30:33, Breishis 31:8^(×2); Shemos 2:9 (all E), Devarim 15:18 (שְׂ׳ שָׂכִיר), Devarim 24:15; Melachim Alef 5:20; Zecharia 8:10; Malachi 3:5 (שְׂ׳ שָׂכִיר); soldiers Yechezkel 29:18, Yechezkel 29:19; shepherd (symb.) Zecharia 11:12^(×2); beast Shemos 22:14, Zecharia 8:10.

= reward, for work done, faithfulness, etc., Breishis 15:1, Breishis 30:18 in expl. of name יששכר, Bamidbar 18:31, כִּי יֵשׁ שׂ׳ לִפְעֻלָּתֵךְ Yirmiya 31:16 (compare Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:7), Yeshaya 40:10 = Yeshaya 62:11 (figuratively of reward of י׳’s labours), Tehillim 127:3; Koheles 4:9; Koheles 9:5.

passage-money, fare, Yonah 1:3.

↗ original

שָׂכָר²

proper name (masc.)

father of hero of Dvd. Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:35, Αχαρ, A Σαχαρ, (‖ שָׁרָר Shmuel Beis 23:33).

doorkeeper Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:4, Σαχαρ.

↗ original

שָׂכִיר

adjective hired;—absolute שׂ׳ Shemos 12:45 +, f. שְׂכִירָה Yeshaya 7:20; construct שְׂכִיר Vayikra 25:53; with suffix שְׂכִירְךָ v Vayikra 25:6; plural with suffix שְׂכִרֶיהָ Yirmiya 46:21;—

hired, of beast Shemos 22:14, razor Yeshaya 7:20 (figuratively).

usually as noun hireling, hired labourer Devarim 15:18; Devarim 24:14; Vayikra 19:13; Vayikra 22:10; Vayikra 25:6, Vayikra 25:40, Vayikra 25:53 (all H), Shemos 12:45; Vayikra 25:50 (both P), Malachi 3:5; Iyov 7:1, Iyov 7:2; Iyov 14:6; כִּשְׁנֵי שׂ׳ Yeshaya 16:14 years like a hireling’s years (reckoned strictly), so Yeshaya 21:16; mercenaries Yirmiya 46:21.

↗ original

שְׂלָו

noun (fem.) ^{Shemos 16:13} quail (probably foreign word; Arabic سَلْوَى, Syriac ܣܰܠܘܰܝ, Sam. ࠔࠋࠅࠉ );—quail, coturnix communis vel vulgaris (Tristr^{NHB 229 ff. FFP 124} Post^Hast.^{DB. quail}, Dillmann Shemos 16:13):—absolute coll. Bamidbar 11:32; Shemos 16:13, Tehillim 105:40 (in all Keri שְׂלָיו); plural שַׂלְוִים Bamidbar 11:31 (J; as if from singular שַׂלְוֶה).

↗ original

שַׂלְמָא

i. שַׂלְמָה see שַׂלְמוֹן.

↗ original

שַׂלְמָה

= שִׂמְלָה see under שׂמל.

↗ original

שַׂלְמַי

proper name (masc.) head of post-ex. family;—שׁ׳ Ezra 2:46 Keri (Kesiv. שׂמלי [compare Mishnaic Hebrew proper name שִׂמְלַי Dalman, Liḥy. שמל D.H. Müller^{Epigr. Denkm. Ar. Noldeke. 13}]; so Baer; van d. H. Gi Keri שַׁלְמַי; Σαμααν, ASeptuagintL Σελαμ(ε)ι) = שַׂלְמָ֑י Nechemia 7:47 (Σελαμει; א Σαμαει).

↗ original

שְׂמֹאל

(Baer Yehoshua 1:7)₅₄ n.[m.] the left (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Assyrian šumêlu; Arabic شِمَالٌ (also شَمَالٌ and شَأْمَلٌ, شَامَلٌ north wind); Old Aramaic שמאל, Palmyrene (with suffix) סמלך; Syriac ܣܶܡܳܠܴܐ; √ doubtful, שאם + ל Noldeke ^{M 128} Hom^{A. u. A. i. (1892), 21} Konig^{ii. 1. 143, 405}; (see also Gesenius' Thesaurus Dietr^{Wortforschung 234}), compare Arabic شأم be unlucky, شَأْمَةٌ left, شَأَم, شَام north; Sabean שאם north, unlucky D.H. Müller^{Epigr. Denkm. 29; Epigr. Denkm. Ar. Nos. 6. 7}; other views in Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 299 Lagarde^{BN 116});—שְׂמֹאל absolute Breishis 13:9 +, construct Breishis 48:13; Melachim Beis 23:8; שְׂמֹאול absolute Bamidbar 20:17 +; with suffix שְׂמֹאלֶ֑ךָ Shmuel Beis 2:21, שְׂמֹאלוֹ Breishis 48:13 +, etc.;—opposite יָמִין except Breishis 14:15; Shoftim 19:27; Melachim Beis 23:8;—

left, region on the left, Breishis 13:9; on the left is עַל־שׂ׳ Melachim Beis 23:8; Yechezkel 16:46; Zecharia 4:3, Zecharia 4:11, עַל־הַשּׂ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:29 compare Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:18, also מִשּׂ׳ (a sinistra) Shemos 14:22, Shemos 14:29, Shmuel Beis 16:6 + 7 times + מֵהַשּׂ׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:17; Yechezkel 1:10, לִשׂ׳; Koheles 10:2, שׂ׳ alone Iyov 23:9; toward the left is עַל־שׂ׳ Breishis 24:49, Shmuel Beis 2:21; Zecharia 12:6, עַל־הַשּׂ׳ Shmuel Beis 2:19, שׂ׳ alone Shmuel Alef 6:12; Yeshaya 9:20 + 13 times

יַד־שׂ׳ left hand, Shoftim 3:21; Shoftim 7:20, so שׂ׳ alone Breishis 48:13^(×2), Breishis 48:14, Shoftim 16:29; Yechezkel 39:3; Yonah 4:11; Mishlei 3:16; Daniel 12:7; Shir HaShirim 2:6; Shir HaShirim 8:3.

= north (on left of one facing east, compare אָתוֹר d, יָמִין 4, קֶדֶם 1 b) Breishis 14:15; Yehoshua 19:27; compare Yechezkel 16:46.

↗ original

שָׂמַח

verb rejoice, be glad (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; compare perhaps Assyrian šamâḫu, flourish, Arabic شَمَخَ be high, proud; Pun. proper name f. שמחת);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שָׂמַח Tehillim 16:9 +; וְשָׂמֵ֑חַ consec. Mishlei 29:6; 3rd feminine singular שָׂמֵ֑חָה Esther 8:15; 2nd masculine singular וְשָׂמַחְתָּ֫ Devarim 12:18 +; 3rd masculine plural שָׂמֵ֑חוּ Nechemia 12:43, etc.; future (עתיד) יִשְׂמַח Yeshaya 9:16 +, 3rd masculine plural יִשְׂמָ֑חוּ Yeshaya 65:13 Tehillim 69:33, Tehillim 69:3 fpl. תִּשְׂמַחְנָה Shmuel Beis 1:20, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שְׂמַח Devarim 33:18 +, fs. שִׂמְחִי Tzefania 3:14 +, שְׂמָ֑חִי Yoel 2:21, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct שְׂמֹחַ Yechezkel 35:14 +, etc.; participle (בינוני) see שָׂמֵחַ adjective;—24 times ‖ גיל, less often ‖ רָנַן, עָלַז, שִׂישׂ, etc.;—

in common life:

rejoice, c. ב person vel rei take pleasure in Shoftim 9:19^(×2); Devarim 33:18; Koheles 3:22 + 7 times + (probably) בְּכָל־יָמֵינוּ Tehillim 90:14 (others ב temp.), compare Koheles 11:8; עַל person Yeshaya 39:2 + ‖ Melachim Beis 20:13 (וישׂמח for Masoretic Text וישׁמע old versions mod.), עַל rei Yonah 4:6; Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:15; c. cl. temp. Yirmiya 41:13 + 6 times + (of heart) Mishlei 23:15, in one’s heart Shemos 4:14; c. כִּי because Yeshaya 14:29 + 3 times; c. אֵת with Yeshaya 66:10; c. מִן person get pleasure from Mishlei 5:18; absolute Shmuel Alef 11:9; Koheles 3:12; Mishlei 13:9 (figuratively of prosperity; subj. אוֹר; opposite דָּעַךְ), + 8 times; c. ל rei at Iyov 21:12.

rejoice arrogantly, exult at, ל person, Micha 7:8; Yeshaya 14:8; Ovadia 1:12 Tehillim 35:19, Tehillim 35:24; Tehillim 38:17, c. אֶל־ rei Yechezkel 25:6, ב rei Iyov 31:29 Tehillim 35:15; Mishlei 24:17; absolute Hoshea 9:1 (+ אֶל־גִּיל), Shmuel Beis 1:20 + 3 times, + (said of righteous by Eliphaz) Iyov 22:19.

rejoice religiously, c. ב rei Shmuel Alef 2:1; Devarim 12:7 Tehillim 21:2 + 7 times; c. בי׳, etc., Yoel 2:23 Tehillim 32:11 + 10 times ψψ + Tehillim 9:3 (+ אֶעֶלְצָה בָ֑ךְ); c. עַל rei Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:36, עַל inf. Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:9; c. לְמַעַן rei Tehillim 48:12; c. כִּי because Tehillim 119:74; absolute Zecharia 2:14; Zecharia 4:10; Yoel 2:21; Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:9 (with a direct object cogn.), Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:31 (of heavens) = Tehillim 96:11, Tehillim 97:1 (isles) + 18 times (12 times ψψ), + (of heart) Zecharia 10:7 Tehillim 16:9; Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:10, בְּכָל־לֵב Tzefania 3:14 (compare Shemos 4:14 1 a above); c. לִפְנֵי י׳ Yeshaya 9:2 and (of joyous feasting etc., at sanctuary) Vayikra 23:40, Devarim 12:12, Devarim 12:18; Devarim 16:11; Devarim 27:7, compare Devarim 14:26; Shmuel Alef 11:15.

subj. י׳, c. עַל person Yeshaya 9:16 (‖ רחם; Perles^{RÉJ xxxv. 63} be gentle, Arabic سَمُحَ), ב rei Tehillim 104:31.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular וְשִׂמַּח consec. Devarim 24:5, with suffix שִׂמְּחָהוּ Yirmiya 20:15, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְשַׂמַּח Tehillim 104:15 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שַׂמֵּחַ Tehillim 86:4, שַׂמַּח Mishlei 27:11, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute שַׂמֵּחַ Yirmiya 20:15; participle (בינוני) מְשַׂמֵּחַ Shoftim 9:13, plural construct מְשַׂמְּחֵי Tehillim 19:9;—cause to rejoice, gladden, with a direct object person (or equiv.), subj. person Devarim 24:5; Yirmiya 20:15 (+ infinitive (מקור) absolute), Mishlei 10:1; Mishlei 15:20; Mishlei 27:11; Mishlei 29:3 (Hoshea 7:3 see משׁח 2); especially subj. י׳ (God) Yirmiya 31:13 (c. מִן separ.) Yeshaya 56:7; Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:27 (c. מִן of source, see Qal 1 a), Ezra 6:22; Nechemia 12:43 (+ direct object cogn.) Tehillim 86:4; Tehillim 90:15; Tehillim 92:5 (ב instr.), also, c. ל person cause to exult at Tehillim 30:2, the same c. עַל person Eicha 2:17; subj. rei Shoftim 9:13 Tehillim 19:9; Tehillim 45:9; Tehillim 46:5; Tehillim 104:15; Koheles 10:19; Mishlei 12:25; Mishlei 15:30; Mishlei 27:9.

= Pi. past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular הִשְׂמַחְתָּ Tehillim 89:43 (subj. י׳).

↗ original

שָׂמֵחַ

adjectiveverb. glad, joyful, merry;—absolute שׂ׳ Devarim 16:15 +, f. שְׂמֵחָה Tehillim 119:9; plural שְׂמֵחִים Melachim Alef 1:45 +, construct שִׂמְחֵי Yeshaya 24:17, שְׂמֵחֵי Tehillim 35:26;—

as adjective joyful, shewing joy, Melachim Alef 1:45; Esther 5:9 (+ טוֹב לֵב), v Esther 5:14; אֵם שְׂמֵחָה Tehillim 113:9; לֵב שׂ׳ Mishlei 15:13; Mishlei 17:22; at feast of tab. Devarim 16:15, in thankfulness to י׳ Tehillim 126:3 (both pred. c. הָיָה), Melachim Alef 8:66 (+ טוֹבֵי לֵב) = Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:10.

= pt. Melachim Alef 1:40 (‖ מְחַלְּלִים piping), Melachim Alef 4:20; Melachim Beis 11:14 (+ תֹּקֵעַ ב) = Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:13, מִן rei Koheles 2:10.

as noun הַשׂ׳ Amos 6:13 (+ ל rei), Mishlei 2:14 (ל inf.), Iyov 3:22 (+ אֱלֵי־גִיל; ‖ יָשִׂישׂוּ); שִׂמְחֵי־לֵב Yeshaya 24:7; of malicious joy שׂ׳ Mishlei 17:5 (ל rei), שְׂמֵחֵי רָעָתִי Tehillim 35:26.

↗ original

שִׂמְחָה

noun (fem.) joy, gladness, mirth;—absolute שׂ׳ Breishis 31:37 +, construct שִׂמְחַת Yeshaya 9:2 +; with suffix שִׂמְחָתִי Tehillim 137:6, etc.; plural שְׂמָחוֹת Tehillim 16:11, -ת֗ Tehillim 45:16;—

mirth, gladness, for example in festivity, Breishis 31:27, Tehillim 137:3, Tehillim 137:6, Melachim Alef 1:40; Shmuel Alef 18:6; Yeshaya 9:2^(×2); Yeshaya 16:10 Tehillim 45:16; יוֹם מִשְׁתֶּה וְשׂ׳ Esther 9:17, Esther 9:18, Esther 9:22 compare (יוֹם om.) v Esther 9:19 (+ יוֹם טוֹב), v Esther 9:22 (‖ יוֹם טוֹב), + 5 times, + קוֹל שׂ׳ Yirmiya 7:34 = Yirmiya 16:9 = Yirmiya 25:10 = Yirmiya 33:11; joy of heart Mishlei 14:10, Mishlei 14:13; Koheles 5:19; Shir HaShirim 3:11, compare (of inward joy) Yonah 4:6; Mishlei 15:23; Mishlei 21:15; = gaiety, pleasure Yeshaya 22:13; Koheles 2:1, Koheles 2:2, Koheles 2:10; Koheles 8:15; Koheles 9:7, בֵּית שׂ׳ Koheles 7:4; שׂ׳ חָנֵף Iyov 20:5, of foolish Mishlei 15:21; Mishlei 21:17; malicious joy Yechezkel 35:15 (ל rei), so שׂ׳ כָּל־לֵבָב Yechezkel 36:5.

₄₆ (especially ψψ Chr) religious: Shmuel Beis 6:12 ‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:16, Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:25; Yoel 1:16 +; יוֹם שׂ׳ Bamidbar 10:10; עָשָׂה שׂ׳ that is make a (sacred) festivity Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:23; Nechemia 8:12; Nechemia 12:27; שִׂמְחַת עוֹלָם Yeshaya 35:10 = Yeshaya 51:11; Yeshaya 61:7; שׂ׳ c. עַל person Nechemia 12:44; joy of heart Yeshaya 30:29; Yirmiya 15:16; as gift of י׳ Tehillim 4:8; Tehillim 21:7 + 7 times + (in mockery) Yeshaya 66:5.

joy of י׳ Tzefania 3:17.

glad result, happy issue Tehillim 106:5 (‖ טוֹבָה), Mishlei 10:28; Mishlei 12:20 (Gratz. אֱמֻנָה, Toy מִשְׁפָּט; opposite מִרְמָה).

↗ original

שִׂמְלָה

noun (fem.) wrapper, mantle;—absolute שׂ׳ Breishis 9:23 +, construct שִׂמְלַת Devarim 21:13; Devarim 22:5; with suffix שִׂמְלָֽתְךָ Devarim 8:4, etc.; plural שְׂמָלֹת Breishis 45:22^(×2) +, with suffix שִׂמְלֹתָם Breishis 44:13 +, etc.;—wrapper, mantle (of man or [Rus 3:3 +] woman), usually square piece of cloth worn as outer garment (see Mackie^{Hast.DB i. 625}; Benzinger^{Ency. Bib. iii. 2932}), Breishis 35:2 Shemos 22:26 (both E), Devarim 8:4; Devarim 10:18; Devarim 21:13; Devarim 22:3; Yeshaya 3:6, Yeshaya 3:7; Yeshaya 9:4; Shmuel Beis 12:20 Kesiv, Rus 3:3 Kesiv (Keri in both plural); as covering in sleep Breishis 9:23 (J; compare Shemos 22:26), bed-covering Devarim 22:17; covering or receptacle for articles Shemos 12:34, Shoftim 8:25 Shmuel Alef 21:10, compare Mishlei 30:4; more generally garment, Devarim 22:5, clothes (plural) Breishis 37:34; Breishis 44:13, Breishis 41:14 Shemos 19:10, Shemos 19:14 (all E), Yehoshua 7:6, Yeshaya 4:1; as costly gifts Breishis 45:22^(×2) Shemos 3:22; Shemos 12:35 (all E).

↗ original

שַׂמְלָה

proper name (masc.) kg. of Edom Breishis 36:36, Breishis 36:37 (P; Σαμ(α)λα) = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:47, Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:48 (Σαμαα, Σαβαα).

↗ original

שַׂלְמָה²

noun (fem.)the same(transp. from שִׂמְלָה);—absolute שׂ׳ Shemos 22:8 +, construct שַׂלְמַת v Shemos 22:25; with suffix שַׂלְמָתוֹ Devarim 24:13; plural שְׂלָמוֹת Yehoshua 9:5 +, with suffix שַׂלְמֹתֵיהֶם v Yehoshua 9:13, etc.;—garment (of man or [Shir HaShirim 4:11] woman): outer garment Shemos 22:8, Shemos 22:25, Yehoshua 9:5, Yehoshua 9:13, Devarim 24:13; Melachim Alef 11:29, Melachim Alef 11:30 Tehillim 104:2 (figuratively); in generally clothes (plural) Devarim 29:4; Nechemia 9:21; Iyov 9:31; Shir HaShirim 4:11; as costly gifts Melachim Alef 10:25 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:24; as booty Yehoshua 22:8 (late).—Micha 2:8 read probably שֹׁלְמֹה (Roorda, Robertson Smith^{Proph. vii. N. 4}), or שֹׁלְמִים (Wellhausen Nowack G.A. Smith), him (those) at pease (with him), compare SeptuagintPeshitta.

↗ original

שְׂמָמִית

noun (fem.) a kind of lizard (so Septuagint Vulgate Targum Vayikra 11:30 compare Strack Pr (also on שׂ > שׁ));—absolute שׂ׳ Mishlei 30:28 (compare Shipley-Cook^{Ency.Bib. Lizard}).

↗ original

שָׂנֵא

verb hate (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Mesha Inscription⁴ שנאי my foes; Sabean שנאם foe SabeanDenkm^{Noldeke. 12, l, 9} compare Ib.^{Noldeke. 7, l. 9} CIS^{iv, Noldeke. 173, l. 6}; Arabic شنأ, شَنَىَٔ, hate; Aramaic סְנָא, ܣܢܳܐ, the same, סָנְאָה, ܣܳܢܳܐܐ hater, etc.; Ethiopic hate is ጸልአ: );—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׂ׳ Devarim 12:31 +, with suffix שְׂנֵאָהּ Shmuel Beis 13:15 +; 2nd masculine singular שָׂנֵאתָ Tehillim 5:6 +, with suffix שְׂנֵאתַ֫נִי Shoftim 14:16, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׂנָא Mishlei 13:5; Mishlei 26:28, with suffix יִשְׂנָאֶ֑ךָּ Mishlei 9:8, etc.; imperative (ציווי) mpl. שִׂנְאוּ Amos 5:15 Tehillim 97:10; infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׂנֹא Shoftim 15:2; construct שְׂנֹא Breishis 37:5 +, שְׂנֹאת Mishlei 8:13; participle (בינוני) active שֹׂנֵא Devarim 4:42 +, שֹׂנַאֲךָ Shemos 23:5 Mishlei 25:21; plural construct שֹׂנְאֵי Shemos 18:21 +, etc.; passive fs. שְׂנוּאָה Breishis 29:31 +; mpl. construct שְׂנֻאֵי Shmuel Beis 5:8 Keri (> Kesiv שָֽׂנְאוּ);—hate (often opposite אָהֵב):

human;

with a direct object person Breishis 26:27, Breishis 37:5, Breishis 26:8, Shoftim 11:7; Shmuel Beis 13:22; Amos 5:10 (‖ תֵּעֵב) + 17 times (evil-doers †Tehillim 26:5; Tehillim 31:7; Tehillim 139:21), + (object wife) Shoftim 14:16; Shoftim 15:2^(×2); + pt. passive, of wife, †Breishis 29:31^(×2), Devarim 21:15^(×2), Devarim 21:16, Devarim 21:17, compare Mishlei 30:23; figuratively of Zion Yeshaya 60:15 (+ עֲזוּבָה); specif. of sexual revulsion †Shmuel Beis 13:15^(×2) (+ direct object cogn.), Devarim 22:13, Devarim 22:16; Devarim 24:3; so, object man (of Jerus. under figuratively of harlot) †Yechezkel 16:37; passive שְׂנֻאֵי נֶפֶשׁ דָּוִד Shmuel Beis 5:8 (but see obscure); reflex. (direct object נַפְשׁוֹ) †Mishlei 29:24, absolute †Koheles 3:8.

with a direct object rei, Yechezkel 35:6 (but read בְּדָם אָשַׁמְתָּ Septuagint Peshitta Co Berthol Toy), Koheles 2:17, Koheles 2:18, especially evil Shemos 18:21, Micha 3:2 Tehillim 45:7 + 10 times, virtue, etc. Micha 3:2 Mishlei 1:22 + 4 times

subj. י׳; object perverse Isr. †Amos 6:8 (its palaces), Hoshea 9:15 Yirmiya 12:8; wickedness Tehillim 5:6; Tehillim 11:5; idolatry and evil Amos 5:21 Yeshaya 1:14; Yeshaya 61:8; Yirmiya 44:4; Malachi 2:16 + 5 times

participle (בינוני)active₅₄ as adjective Yeshaya 66:5 (as verb c. 1st singular pron. Yeshaya 61:8, 2 above); usually noun, Mishlei 13:24 one hating his son (opposite אֹהֵב); elsewhere = enemy, foe (usually construct or c. with suffix), singular and plural (often ‖ אֹיֵב, sometimes opposite אֹהֵב): foe of man Shemos 23:5, Breishis 24:60, Vayikra 26:17 +, nation Shemos 1:10, Esther 9:1, Esther 9:5, Esther 9:16 +, absolute Mishlei 26:24; Mishlei 27:6, (c. 31 times in all); + לֹא שֹׂנֵא c. ל person, a no-hater to one Devarim 4:42; Devarim 19:4, Devarim 19:6; Yehoshua 20:5, and (without לֹא) Devarim 19:11; foe of good Micha 3:2, compare Iyov 34:17 + 3 times, of evil †Shemos 18:21; Mishlei 28:1, compare Mishlei 15:27; of suretyship †Mishlei 11:15 (that is not giving it); foes of י׳ †Shemos 20:5 = Devarim 5:9; Devarim 7:10^(×2); Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:2.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשָּׂנֵא Mishlei 14:17 is hated, so v Mishlei 14:20 (+ ל person by, see לְ 5 d).

participle (בינוני) with suffix מְשַׂנְאִי Iyov 31:29; Tehillim 55:13; plural construct מְשַׂנְאֵי Tehillim 81:16; with suffix מְשַׂנְאַי Shmuel Beis 22:41 +, etc.;—enemy (Qal 3) ‖ אֹיֵב, צָר, etc.:

personal and national, Iyov 31:29 Devarim 33:11 (poem), Shmuel Beis 22:41 = Tehillim 18:41, Tehillim 44:8, Tehillim 44:11; Tehillim 55:13; Tehillim 68:2; Tehillim 89:24.

of י׳ Bamidbar 10:35, Devarim 32:41 (poem), Tehillim 81:16; Tehillim 83:3; Tehillim 139:21.

of wisdom Mishlei 8:36.

↗ original

שִׂנְאָה

noun (fem.) hating, hatred;—absolute שׂ׳ Bamidbar 35:20 +, construct שִׂנְאַת Devarim 1:27; Mishlei 25:10; with suffix שִׂנְאָתֶיךָ; Yechezkel 35:11 (plural -אֹתֶיךָ probably meant, Konig^{ii. 1, § 88} compare Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 131 k, but < read שִׂנְאָֽתְךָ Septuagint Co Berthol Toy, compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 91: l), etc.;—hatred (sometimes opposite אַהֲבָה):

human, Bamidbar 35:20, Yechezkel 23:29; Yechezkel 35:11 Mishlei 10:12, Mishlei 10:18; Mishlei 15:17; Mishlei 26:26 Tehillim 109:5 Koheles 9:1, Koheles 9:6; דִּבְרֵי שׂ׳ Tehillim 109:3; emphatic, שִׂנְאַת חָמָס Tehillim 25:19, תַּכְלִית שׂ׳ Tehillim 139:22 (against י׳’s foes), also (of sexual revulsion) שׂ׳ גְּדוֹלָה Shmuel Beis 13:15 (all direct object cogn.).

י׳’s hating, as verb, with a direct object person, Devarim 1:27; Devarim 9:28.

↗ original

שְׂנִיר

proper namemont. Σανειρ: Amorite name of Ḥermon Devarim 3:9, whence came cypress-trees Yechezkel 27:5, probably northern peak(s) of Ḥ. Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:23 Shir HaShirim 4:8 (where + חֶרְמוֹן); so Arabic سنير, Abulf^{ed. Par. 68}, Syriac ܣܢܺܝܪ, Ecclus 24:13 and elsewhere, Assyrian Saniru Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament Devarim 3:9 Delitzsch^{Pa 104}. Vid. also Driver Devarim 3:9 Buhl^{Geogr. 110 f. and reff.} [van d. H. erron. שׁ׳ Dt Ct].

↗ original

שֵׂעָר

noun (masc.)Vayikra 13:3 hair;—absolute שׂ׳ Breishis 25:25 +, construct שְׂעַר Shoftim 16:22 +, שַׂ֫עַר Yeshaya 7:20 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 93 hh Konig^{ii. 1. 78}); with suffix שְׂעָרֵךְ Yechezkel 16:7, שַׂעֲרֵךְ Shir HaShirim 4:1, Shir HaShirim 6:5 (Konig^l.c.); שְׂעָרוֹ Vayikra 14:8 +, שְׂעָרָהּ v Vayikra 14:20, שְׂעָרָהֿ v Vayikra 14:4 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 91 e);—hair:

of animals, as material, אַדֶּרֶת שׂ׳ Breishis 25:25, Zecharia 13:4; probably also אִישׁ בַּעַל שׂ׳ Melachim Beis 1:8 that is a man with a garment of skin.

human: שׂ׳ רֹאשׁוֹ Shoftim 16:22 Shmuel Beis 14:26 Bamidbar 6:5, compare v Bamidbar 6:18; + beard Ezra 9:3; קָדְקֹד שׂ׳ Tehillim 68:22; incl. head, beard, eyebrows Vayikra 14:8, Vayikra 14:9, Vayikra 14:10; שׂ׳ הָרַגְלַיִם Yeshaya 7:20 (that is of genitals; + רֹאשׁ, זָקָן; in figuratively) long hair of woman Yechezkel 16:7 Shir HaShirim 4:1; Shir HaShirim 6:5; hair of skin in (leprosy-) marks Vayikra 13:3 + 10 times Vayikra 13:13.

↗ original

שַׂ֫עַר

n.[m.] horror (proposes bristling);—שׂ׳ absolute, as direct object cogn. Yechezkel 27:35; Yechezkel 32:10 see foregoing; compare אָֽחֲזוּ שׂ׳ Iyov 18:20 (‖ נָשַׁמּוּ עַל).

↗ original

שָׂעִיר

noun (masc.)Bamidbar 15:24 he-goat, buck (hairy one; Mishnaic Hebrew the same);—absolute שׂ׳ Vayikra 4:24 +, construct שְׂעִיר Bamidbar 7:16 +; plural שְׂעִירִם Vayikra 16:7, Vayikra 16:8; construct שְׂעִירֵי v Vayikra 16:5 Bamidbar 7:87;—he-goat, usually שְׂעִיר(־)עִזִּים buck of goats (see עֵז p. 777): Breishis 37:31, Yechezkel 43:22; Yechezkel 45:23 Vayikra 4:23; Vayikra 9:3; Vayikra 23:19 + 20 times Nu (all P); שְׂעִירֵי ע׳ Vayikra 16:5 Bamidbar 7:87; שׂ׳ alone = he-goat Vayikra 4:24 + 11 times Vayikra 16; שְׂעִיר (הַ)חַטָּאת he-goat for sin-offering Yechezkel 43:25 Vayikra 9:15 + 9 times Lv Nu; שְׂעִירֵי הַח׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:23; in Daniel 8:21 הַשּׂ׳ is probably gloss to הַצָּפִיר (compare Driver).

↗ original

שָׂעִיר²

noun (masc.) satyr, demon (with he-goat’s form, or feet; Mishnaic Hebrew the same; compare Baud^{Stud. i. 136 ff.}; hairy demons Wellhausen^{Skizzen iii. 135; Heid. 152} Robertson Smith^{Sem 113, 423; 2nd ed. 120, 441}); absolute שׂ׳ Yeshaya 34:14 inhabiting desolate ruins, so plural שְׂעִירִים Yeshaya 13:21; name for idols Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:15 and (שְׂעִרִם) Vayikra 17:7; probably also בָּמוֹת הַשּׂ׳ Melachim Beis 23:8 (Masoretic Text הַשְּׁעָרִים) Hoffmann^{journal ZAW ii (1882), 175} Siegfried-Stade Kmp Klostermann Kittel Benzinger Bur.

↗ original

שְׂעֹרָה

noun (fem.) barley (bearded grain; Septuagint κριθή, Vulgate hordeum; Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Sabean שערם Glass in Fell^{ZMG liv (1900), 256}, Arabic شَعِيرٌ; Old Aramaic שערה, Targum סְעָרְתָא; Syriac ܣܥܳܪܬܳܐ; Dillmann²⁶⁰ cp. Ethiopic ሥርናይ wheat, grain);—absolute שׂ׳ Shemos 9:31 +; usually plural שְׂעֹרִים Hoshea 3:2 +;—barley, common grain (often ‖ חִטָּה, etc.):

growing, standing, singular Shemos 9:31^(×2), Devarim 8:8 Iyov 31:40 Yoel 1:11, as sown Yeshaya 28:25; standing, plural Shmuel Beis 14:30 שְׂעוֹ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:13, reaped קְצִיר (הַ)שְׂעֹרִים Shmuel Beis 21:9 Rus 1:22; Rus 2:23, גֹּרֶן הַשּׂ׳ Rus 3:2.

plural, the grains, measured, cooked, etc.: Hoshea 3:2^(×2) Yechezkel 4:9; Yechezkel 13:19; Yechezkel 45:13 Melachim Beis 7:1, Melachim Beis 7:16, Melachim Beis 7:18 Yirmiya 41:8 Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:9, Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:14; Divrei HaYamim Beis 27:5 Rus 2:17; Rus 3:15, Rus 3:17, Shmuel Beis 17:28 Melachim Alef 5:8 (food for horses); זֶרַע חֹמֶר שׂ׳ Vayikra 27:16; קֶמַח שׂ׳ Bamidbar 5:15, לֶחֶם שׂ׳ Shoftim 7:13 Melachim Beis 4:42, עֻגַת שׂ׳ Yechezkel 4:12.

↗ original

שֵׂעִיר

proper name Sēʿîr (= שָׂעִיר goat? compare Gray^{Prop. N. 94}; but note play in שֵׂעָר Breishis 25:25, שָׂעִר Breishis 27:11, Breishis 27:23; Noldeke^{ZMG xl (1886), 165; Ency. Bib. ii. 1183} cp. proper name mont. الاشعر (the ‘hairy,’ that is ‘well-wooded,’ compare شَعَارٌ trees), proper namegent. (orig.proper name (place)) أَلَاشْعَرُ; Lagarde^{BN 92} thinks שׂ׳ orig.proper name (masc.), but land much earlier in OT; perhaps = TelAm. land Šêri, Zim^{ZA vi (1891), 257} Jastr^{JBL xi (1892), 114} Winckler^{TelAm. 181, 26} Buhl^{Edom. 28 f.});—

Σηειρ:

terr. land of Edom, S. of Dead Sea, אַ֫רְצָה שׂ׳ Breishis 32:4 (J; ‖ שְׂדֵה אֱדוֹם), compare Breishis 36:30; שׂ׳ alone Shoftim 5:4 (poem; ‖ the same), Bamidbar 24:18 (‖ אֱדוֹם), Devarim 1:44; Devarim 2:4, Devarim 2:8, Devarim 2:12, Devarim 2:22, Devarim 2:29; Devarim 33:2 Yehoshua 11:17, Yeshaya 21:11 Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:23; c. ה location שֵׂעִ֫ירָה Breishis 33:14, Breishis 33:16, Yehoshua 12:7.

specif. mont. E. of Arabah, הַר־שׂ׳ Yehoshua 24:4, Breishis 36:8, Breishis 36:9, Devarim 1:2; Devarim 2:1, Devarim 2:5 Yechezkel 35:2, Yechezkel 35:3, Yechezkel 35:7, Yechezkel 35:15 Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:42; Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:10, Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:22, Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:23; compare הַרֲרָם שׂ׳ Breishis 14:6 (home of הַחֹרִי; on text see Buhl^{Edom. 28} Gunk Gn).

gent. Yechezkel 25:8 = Edom [van d. H. שׁ׳]; but del. Septuagint (Vaticanus) Hitzig Co Berthol Toy Krae.

personif. as m. in בְּנֵי־שׂ׳ (see חֹרִי p. 360; compare Breishis 14:6) Breishis 36:20 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:38, Breishis 36:21 (P; + בְּאֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם); = Edomites Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:11, Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:14 (‖ אֱדוֹמִים).

mont. in Judah, הַר־שׂ׳ Yehoshua 15:10, Ασσαρ, A Σηειρ, SeptuagintL Σιειρ; Dillmann Buhl^{G. 91} and elsewhere cp. hill-ruin Sâtrîs c. 9 miles W. of Jerus. (Robinson^{BR iii. 156}).

↗ original

שַׂ֫עַר²

n.[m.] storm (= סַ֫עַר);—only construct שׂ׳ קָ֑טֶב Yeshaya 28:2 a storm of destruction (in simile; ‖ זֶרֶם בָּרָד).

↗ original

שְׂעִירִים

n.[m.]plural rain(-drops), si vera l.; (so according to old versions and context; Gesenius' Thesaurus cp. ii. שַׂעַר; Lagarde proposes רְסִיסִים);—כִּשׂ׳ עֲלֵי־דֶשֶׁא Devarim 32:2 (‖ מָטָר, טַל, רְבִיבִים).

↗ original

שָׂפָה

noun (fem.) [m. Shemos 28:32, edge, compare Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 76}], lip, speech, edge;—absolute שׂ׳ Breishis 11:1 +, construct שְׂפַת v Breishis 11:7 +; with suffix שְׂפָתוֹ Melachim Alef 7:23 +, etc.; oftener dual שְׂפָתַיִם Yeshaya 6:5 +, construct שִׂפְתֵי Tehillim 12:4 +; with suffix שְׂפָתַי Yirmiya 17:16 +, with suffix 3rd masculine plural שְׂפָתֵימוֹ Tehillim 59:13; Tehillim 140:4, Tehillim 140:10, etc.; plural (poet. and late) construct שִׂפְתוֹת Koheles 10:12, with suffix שִׂפְתוֹתֶיךָ etc. Tehillim 45:3; Tehillim 59:8 Yeshaya 59:3 Shir HaShirim 4:3, Shir HaShirim 4:11; Shir HaShirim 5:13;—

lip:

usually (c. 108 times) human organ of speech (often ‖ פֶּה לָשׁוֹן, rarely [only late poetry] חֵךְ: 10 times Jb; 25 times ψψ; 45 times Pr): (1) Yeshaya 29:13 Vayikra 5:4, Iyov 13:6 Malachi 2:6 Tehillim 12:5 Mishlei 5:3 +; דַּל שׂ׳ Tehillim 141:3 (see דָּל); אִישׁ שׂ׳ Iyov 11:2 = a talker, אֱוִיל שׂ׳ Mishlei 10:8 = one talking folly, so v Mishlei 10:10 (Masoretic Text; but see Toy); טְמֵא שְׂפָתַיִם Yeshaya 6:5^(×2) compare v Yeshaya 6:7 Daniel 10:16; עֲרַל שׂ׳ Shemos 6:12, Shemos 6:30 (P; unskilled in speech); עִקֵּשׁ שׂ׳ Mishlei 19:1; פֹּתֶה שׂ׳ Mishlei 20:19 see [פָּתָה]; מוֹצָא שׂ׳ that is utterance, Devarim 23:24 Yirmiya 17:16 Bamidbar 30:13, Tehillim 89:35, רוּחַ שׂ׳ Yeshaya 11:4 (of Mess. kg.), דְּבַר שׂ׳ Tehillim 59:13 Mishlei 14:23 +, = mere, empty, word Melachim Beis 18:20 = Yeshaya 36:5; תְּבוּאַת שׂ׳ Mishlei 18:20, נוב שׂ׳ Yeshaya 57:19 (thanksgiving), compare Hoshea 14:3 SeptuagintPeshitta and most פְּרִי for פָּרִים); of flattery, חֵלֶק שׂ׳ Mishlei 7:21, שְׂפַת חֲלָקוֹת Tehillim 12:3, Tehillim 12:4; compare שִׂפְתֵי מִרְמָה Tehillim 17:1, שׂ׳ שֶׁקֶר Tehillim 31:9 + 4 times, שְׂפַת אָוֶן Mishlei 17:4; poison beneath (compare לָשׁוֹן) Tehillim 140:4 (figuratively); פֶּשַׁע שׂ׳ Mishlei 12:13; לְזוּת שׂ׳ Mishlei 4:24; שׂ׳ אֱמֶת Mishlei 12:19, שׂ׳ יָ֑תֶר Mishlei 17:7, שׂ׳ צֶדֶק Mishlei 16:13, שׂ׳ דַּעַת Mishlei 14:7; Mishlei 20:15; חֵן שׂ׳ Mishlei 22:11; שָׂפָה בְרוּרָה Tzefania 3:9; שׂ׳ רְנָנוֹת Tehillim 63:5 that is lips that shout for joy; c. vbs.: פָּתַח שׂ׳ (to speak) Iyov 11:5; Iyov 30:20 (Gi v Iyov 30:21), compare Tehillim 51:17, מִפְתַּח שׂ׳ Mishlei 8:6; פֹּשֵׂק שׂ׳ Mishlei 13:3 that is prate; שׂ׳ מָֽלְאוּ זַעַם Yeshaya 30:27; שׂ׳ subj. of דִּבֶּר Yeshaya 59:3 Mishlei 24:2; נָשָׂא עַל־שׂ׳ Tehillim 16:4; קָרַץ שׂ׳ Mishlei 16:30 = backbite; אָטַם שׂ׳ Mishlei 17:28 = keep silence, so חָשַׂךְ שׂ׳ Mishlei 10:19, שׂ׳ כָּלָא Tehillim 40:10. †(2) lips moving in speech, c. נוּעַ Shmuel Alef 1:13, נִיד Iyov 16:5. †(3) transition to meaning speech, עָלָה עַל־שְׂפַת לָשׁוֹן Yechezkel 36:3; = ability to speak Iyov 12:20.

organ of laughter Iyov 8:21.

of insulting grimace הִפְטִיר בְּשׂ׳ Tehillim 22:8.

quivering in terror Chavakuk 3:16.

feature of beauty Shir HaShirim 4:3 (scarlet).

place of bridle Melachim Beis 19:28 = Yeshaya 37:29 (see מֶתֶג)

receiving kiss Mishlei 24:26 compare Shir HaShirim 4:11 and (in figuratively) Shir HaShirim 7:10.

of divine speech, מִצְוִת שׂ׳ Iyov 23:12, דְּבַר שׂ׳ Tehillim 17:4.

language (see לָשׁוֹן), Breishis 11:1, Breishis 11:6, Breishis 11:7^(×2), Breishis 11:9 Tehillim 81:6; עַם עִמְגֵי שׂ׳ Yechezkel 3:5, Yechezkel 3:6 Yeshaya 33:19, לַעֲגֵי שׂ׳ Yeshaya 28:11; שְׂפַת כְּנַעַן Yeshaya 19:18 (that is Hebrew).

edge: shore of sea Breishis 22:17 + 7 times; bank of river Gn Breishis 41:3, Breishis 41:17 + 5 times, of wady (נַחַל) Devarim 2:36 + 7 times; lip (bank) of אָבֵל מְחוֹלָה Shoftim 7:22 compare G.A. Smith^{G. 400}; brim of vessel Melachim Alef 7:23^(×2) + 7 times; edge of altar Yechezkel 43:13; of curtains (in pairs) Shemos 26:4^(×2) + 6 times; of חֹשֶׁן, toward ephod Shemos 28:26 = Shemos 39:19; of round opening in robe לְפִיו (יִהְיֶה) שׂ׳ Shemos 28:32 = Shemos 39:23.

↗ original

שָׂפָם

n.[m.] moustache (compare N. Syriac ܣܲܦܡܵܐ rete; on meaning and form see Gesenius' Thesaurus Olshausen⁴⁰⁸ Konig^{ii 73});—absolute שׂ׳ Micha 3:7 +, with suffix שְׂפָמוֹ Shmuel Beis 19:25;—moustache: עָשָׂה שׂ׳ Shmuel Beis 19:25 (Septuagint μύσταξ) that is trim it; עָטָה עַל־שׂ׳ Micha 3:7 Yechezkel 24:17, Yechezkel 24:22 Vayikra 13:45 (P; see I. עטה 1).

↗ original

שׂפק

see ספק.

↗ original

שָׂפַק

verb suffice (Mishnaic Hebrew סָפַק suffice, abound, so Ecclus 15:18 +; Targum סְפֵיק, סְפַק, Syriac ܣܦܰܩ; Arabic شَفِقَ is be niggardly, scanty, Lane¹⁵⁷³);—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׂפֹּק Melachim Alef 20:10, subj. dust, c. לְ rei.

↗ original

שַׂק

see שׂקק.

↗ original

שַׂק²

noun (masc.) ^{Yehoshua 9:4} sack sackcloth (see Schwally^{journal ZAW xi (1891), 173} who conjunction Egyptian origin; Mishnaic Hebrew סַק sackcloth (rare); Assyrian šaḳḳu, sack (Delitzsch^{HWB 687 a}), sackcloth (Winckler^{Altor. Forsch. vi. 44}); Ethiopic ሠቅ = Biblical Hebrew; Aramaic סַקָּא, ܣܰܩܳܐ; Gk. σάκκος Lewy^{Fremdw. 87});—absolute שׂ׳ Breishis 37:34 +, שָׂ֑ק Yirmiya 48:37 +; with suffix שַׂקִּי Tehillim 30:12, etc.; plural שַׂקִּים Yehoshua 9:4 +, with suffix שַׂקֵּיהֶם Breishis 42:35;—

sack, for grain Breishis 42:25, Breishis 42:27 (‖ אַמְתַּחַת), v Breishis 42:35^(×2), Yehoshua 9:4, perhaps also Vayikra 11:32.

sackcloth:

worn in mourning and humiliation (see Nowack^{Arch. i. 192 f.} SACook^{Ency. Bib. s.see}), either loose garment like sack, or piece of similar material (of rough, dark hair), fastened round body: put (שִׂים) on loins Breishis 37:34, Melachim Alef 20:31, on (bare) flesh Melachim Alef 21:27 Melachim Beis 6:30, compare Yirmiya 48:37 Iyov 16:15 (c. תָּפַר); וְהַעֲלֵיתִי עַל־כָּל־מָתְנַיִם שׂ׳ Amos 8:10; usually חָגַר שַק Shmuel Beis 3:31 Yeshaya 15:3; Yeshaya 22:12, compare Yeshaya 3:24, Yirmiya 4:8; Yirmiya 6:26; Yirmiya 49:3 Yechezkel 7:18; Yechezkel 27:31 Melachim Alef 20:32 Yoel 1:8 Eicha 2:10; כִּסָּה בַּשּׂ׳ Melachim Beis 19:1, Melachim Beis 19:2 = Yeshaya 37:1, Yeshaya 37:2, Yonah 3:6, Yonah 3:8 Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:16, figuratively of heavens (compare קָדַר), שׂ׳ אָשִׂים כְּסוּתָם Yeshaya 50:3; late לָבַשׁ שׂ׳ put on sackcloth Yonah 3:5 Esther 4:1, compare v:Esther 4:2 Tehillim 35:13; Tehillim 69:12; בְּצוֹם וְשׂ׳ Nechemia 9:1, compare Daniel 9:3; פִּתַּח שׂ׳ loosen sackcloth Yeshaya 20:2 (+ מֵעַל), Tehillim 30:12 (opposite שִׂמְחָה), הֵסִיר שׂ׳ מֵעַל Esther 4:4.

same garment (or material) spread out (to lie on), Shmuel Beis 21:10 (c. הִטָּה), Yeshaya 58:5 (c. הִצִּיעַ), compare Esther 4:3; וַיִּשְׁכַּב בַּשׂ׳ Melachim Alef 21:27, לִינוּ בַּשּׂ׳ Yoel 1:13.

↗ original

שַׂר

see שׂרר.

↗ original

שְׂרוּג

proper name (masc.) descendant (that is younger branch) of Peleg Breishis 11:20, Breishis 11:21, Breishis 11:22, Breishis 11:23 Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:26; Σερουχ (SeptuagintL Ch Σερουγ).

↗ original

שָׂרִיד

noun (masc.) ^{Yirmiya 47:4} survivor (from a defeat, etc.);—absolute שׂ׳ Yeshaya 1:9 +; with suffix שְׂרִידוֹ Iyov 27:15 Kesiv; plural שְׂרִידִים Yehoshua 10:20 Yoel 3:5; construct שְׂרִידֵי Yirmiya 31:2; with suffix שְׂרִידָיו Ovadia 1:14 + Iyov 27:15 Keri (van d. H. also Kesiv);—

survivor (often ‖ פָּלִיט): especially עַד בִּלְתִּי הִשְׁאִיר לוֹ שׂ׳ Bamidbar 21:35; Yehoshua 8:22 (both ), Devarim 3:3; Yehoshua 10:33; Yehoshua 11:8; Melachim Beis 10:11 (all D); more simply, לֹא הִשׁ׳ שׂ׳ Devarim 2:34; Yehoshua 10:28, Yehoshua 10:30, Yehoshua 10:37, Yehoshua 10:39, Yehoshua 10:40 (all D); י׳ הוֹתִיר לָנוּ שׂ׳ Yeshaya 1:9; לֹא יִהְיֶה שׂ׳ לְ Yirmiya 42:17; Yirmiya 44:14 Ovadia 1:18; אֵין שׂ׳ Iyov 18:19; וְהֶאֱבִיד שׂ׳ מֵעִיר Bamidbar 24:19; עַם שְׂרִידֵי הָ֑רֶב Yirmiya 31:2, plural also Yehoshua 10:20 (subj. of שָֽׂרְדוּ), Yoel 3:5; Ovadia 1:14; Iyov 27:15 (see supra); singular also Shoftim 5:13 (obscure, for שׂ׳ לְ read perhaps יִשְׂרָאֵל G.F. Moore Nowack compare Budde), Yirmiya 47:4; Eicha 2:22.

of things: אֵין שׂ׳ לְאָבְלוֹ Iyov 20:21, that is nothing has escaped his greed; יֵ֫רַע שׂ׳ בְּאָהֳלוֹ (אֵשׁ) v Iyov 20:26.

↗ original

שָׂרִיד²

proper name (place) on border of Zebulun;—עַד־שׂ׳ Yehoshua 19:10 (P; Εσεδεκγωλα, A ἕως Σαρθιδ, SeptuagintL Σαρειδ), מִשּׂ׳ v Yehoshua 19:12 (P; ἀπὸ Σεδδουκ; A Σαριδ).

↗ original

שְׂרָד

n.[m.] perhaps Aramaic plaited or braided work (compare then Aramaic סְרָדָא lattice-work, net-work (=Biblical Hebrew מִכְבָּר), textile stuff, curtain (= Biblical Hebrew קְלָעִים), סַרְדוּתָא plaited or braided work; Mishnaic Hebrew סָרָד plaiter, סָרִיד, סָרוּד woven-work; Hom^{ZMG xliv (1890), 548} cp. Babylonian šardu, thong);—always absolute: בִּגְדֵי (הַ)שׂ׳ Shemos 31:10; Shemos 35:19; Shemos 39:1, Shemos 39:41 (all P; all + ב׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ, and last three + לְשָׁרֵת בַּקֹּדֶשׁ); Septuagint Shemos 31:10 τ. στολὰς τ. λειτουργικάς (compare Shemos 39:1 [B v Shemos 39:13, SeptuagintL v Shemos 39:11]).

↗ original

שָׂרָה

noun (fem.) et pr. see under שׂרר.

↗ original

שָׂרָה²

verb persist, exert oneself, persevere (Arabic شَرِىَ persist, persevere);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׂ׳ אֶת־א׳ Hoshea 12:4 he persevered with God; 2nd masculine singular שָׂרִיתָ עִם־א׳ וְעִם אֲנָשִׁים Breishis 32:29.—Hoshea 12:5 has future (עתיד) וַיָּ֫שַׂר in same meaning, as if from a (non-existent) שׂוּר; < read וַיִּ֫שֶׂר (apoc. from וַיִּשְׂרֶה).—שׂוֹרָה Yeshaya 28:25 see supra, p. 965and

↗ original

שְׂרָיָה(וּ)

proper name (masc.) (י׳ persisteth Driver^{HastDict. Bib. ii. 530 Jacob});—usually Σαραια(ς);—שְׂרָיָה:

secretary of David Shmuel Beis 8:17, but Septuagint (Vaticanus) Ασα, ‖ שיא Shmuel Beis 20:25 Kesiv (שְׁוָא Keri), שַׁוְשָׁא Divrei HaYamim Alef 18:16 (in both Ἰησοῦς, SeptuagintL Σουσα), שִׁישָׁא Melachim Alef 4:3 (Σαβα, A Σεισα, SeptuagintL Σαφατ); orig. in all probably ששא Wellhausen Driver Klostermann (Sausa), H.P. Smith (שושא), Nowack, Budde.

chief priest Melachim Beis 25:18 = Yirmiya 52:24.

a captain Melachim Beis 25:23; Yirmiya 40:8; Yirmiya 51:59^(×2), Yirmiya 51:61.

son of Ḳenaz Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:13, Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:14.

name in Simeon v Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:35.

Levite name 5:40^(×2).

companion of Zerub. Ezra 2:2.

father of Ezra 7:1.

one sealed Nechemia 10:3.

priest Nechemia 11:11; Nechemia 12:1, Nechemia 12:12.

שְׂרָיָהוּ, officer of king Jehoiakim, Yirmiya 36:26, τῷ Σαρεα.

↗ original

שֶׂ֫רֶט

n.[m.] incision;—absolute וְשׂ׳ לָנֶפֶשׁ לֹא תִתְּנוּ בִּבְשַׂרְכֶם Vayikra 19:28.

↗ original

שָׂרֶ֫טֶת

noun (fem.) the same (Barth^{§ 93 α β});—שָׂרָ֑טֶת Vayikra 21:5, see verb Qal.

↗ original

שָׂרַי

see under שׂרר.

↗ original

שְׂרָיָה(וּ)²

see under I. שׂרה.

↗ original

שְׂרוֹךְ

n.[m.] (sandal-)thong (? from above √, as crossed and twisted over the foot; on vocalization compare Arabic supra, Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 84 a n Barth^{NB § 42 e});—construct, שְׂ׳־נַעַל Breishis 14:23; Yeshaya 5:27.

↗ original

שָׂרַף

verb burn (70 times + בָּאֵשׁ, 2 times + בְּמוֹ־אֵשׁ) (Mishnaic Hebrew (rare) = Biblical Hebrew; Assyrian šarâpu; Aramaic שְׂרַף (rare); ܣܪܰܦ is absorb, consume);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׂ׳ Yehoshua 11:9 +, 3rd feminine singular with suffix שְׂרָפָ֫תַם Yeshaya 47:14, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׂרֹף Bamidbar 19:5 + 2 times, more often וַיִּשְׂרֹף Shemos 32:20 +, 2nd masculine plural תִּשְׂרְפוּן Devarim 7:5 + 2 times; infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׂרוֹף Shmuel Beis 23:7; construct שְׂרֹף Yirmiya 36:25 +; with suffix שָׂרְפוֹ Shoftim 9:52; Amos 2:1; participle (בינוני) active שֹׂרֵף Vayikra 16:28; Bamidbar 19:8, plural שֹׂרְפִים Melachim Beis 17:31; passive mpl. שְׂרֻפִים Bamidbar 17:4; fs. שְׂרוּפָה Shmuel Alef 30:3, שְׂרֻפָה Tehillim 80:17, plural שְׂרוּפוֹת Nechemia 3:34, construct שְׂרֻפוֹת Yeshaya 1:7;—burn (59 times + בָּאֵשׁ, 2 times + בְּמוֹ־אֵשׁ):

in making bricks, + לִשְׂרֵפָה Breishis 11:3 (J; object om.).

with a direct object rei, usually to destroy, for example door Shoftim 9:52, house Shoftim 12:1; Melachim Alef 16:18 (both c. עַל person), Yirmiya 39:8 + 11 times, compare pt. passive Nechemia 3:24, city Yehoshua 6:24 Shmuel Alef 30:1, Shmuel Alef 30:14 + 16 times, compare pt. passive Shmuel Alef 30:3; Yeshaya 1:7, chariots Yehoshua 11:6, Yehoshua 11:9 Melachim Beis 23:11 Tehillim 46:10 (subj. י׳), idols, etc., Shemos 32:20 (direct object om.), Devarim 9:21 + 10 times, roll †Yirmiya 36:25, Yirmiya 36:27, Yirmiya 36:28, Yirmiya 36:29, Yirmiya 36:32, wood †Yeshaya 44:16, Yeshaya 44:19 (both + בְּמוֹ־אֵשׁ), compare Tehillim 80:17 (figuratively), Yirmiya 51:32, hair †Yechezkel 5:4; bones, to lime (as outrage) †Amos 2:1; upon altars (in desecration) †Melachim Alef 13:2; Melachim Beis 23:16, Melachim Beis 23:20 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:5; bodies, as funeral rite † Shmuel Alef 31:12 (rare custom, Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 353; 2nd ed. 372}; but Klostermann Budde read יִשְׂפְּדוּ [= יִס׳]; compare Benzinger^{Arch. 163; Ency. Bib. Dead} Nowack^{Arch. i. 188}); שׂ׳ as funeral rite also (object om., prob spices, compare Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:14), †c. ל person mort. Yirmiya 34:5, + direct object cogn. שְׂרֵפָה Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:14 (compare שְׂרֵפָה); in ceremonial of P (never of burning sacrif. on altar, הִקְטִיר, compare הֶעֱלָה, but) chiefly (14 times) of consuming refuse, especially unused portions of victims, etc. (to prevent use), and infected objects, Shemos 29:14, Shemos 29:34 +, sometimes מִחוּץ לַמַּחֲנֶה Vayikra 4:12 (+ עַל־עֵצִים), v Vayikra 4:21^(×2) + 4 times, etc., compare Yechezkel 43:21; also of burning red heifer (to produce ashes for purification) Bamidbar 19:5^(×2), Bamidbar 19:8.

burn, with a direct object person, (1) as penalty Yehoshua 7:25, Shoftim 14:15; Shoftim 15:6 Vayikra 20:14, compare Bamidbar 17:4 (pt. passive), so, אֵשׁ subj., Yeshaya 47:14, with a direct object cogn. שְׂרֵפָה Vayikra 10:6; (2) as sacrifice, Yirmiya 7:31; Yirmiya 19:5; + ל dei Devarim 12:31; Melachim Beis 17:31.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשָּׂרֵף Yehoshua 7:15 +, 3rd feminine plural תִּשָּׂרַפְנָה Mishlei 6:27, etc.;—be burned (11 times + בָּאֵשׁ): of city Yirmiya 38:17 + v Yirmiya 38:23 (read תִּשָּׂרֵף for תִּשְׂרֹף Septuagint Peshitta Targum Hitzig Ewald Graf Giesebrecht Duhm), idols, etc., Micha 1:7; Divrei HaYamim Alef 14:12; ritually (compare Qal 2 a ad fin.) Vayikra 4:12; Vayikra 6:23; Vayikra 7:17, Vayikra 7:19; Vayikra 13:52; Vayikra 19:6; of person, as penalty Breishis 38:24, Yehoshua 7:15, Shmuel Beis 23:7 (poet.), Vayikra 21:9.

participle (בינוני) with suffix מְסָֽרְפוֹ Amos 6:10 his burner, usually one burning him, but probably burning spices for him, see Driver and compare Qal supra.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׂרָ֑ף, of goat Vayikra 10:16 it was burnt up (and gone).

↗ original

שָׂרָף

noun (masc.) ^{Yeshaya 14:29} fiery, serpent, usually venomous (poss. from above √, from burning effect of poison);—absolute שׂ׳ Bamidbar 21:8 (on Arabic parallels see Jacob^{Ar. Dichter ii. 93, iv. 10 f.}), appos. נָחָשׁ שׂ׳ Devarim 8:15, plural הַנְּחָשִׁים הַשְּׂרָפִים Bamidbar 21:6; a flying serpent, or dragon, שָׂרָף מְעוֹפֵף Yeshaya 14:29; Yeshaya 30:6.

↗ original

שָׂרָף²

noun (masc.) ^{Yeshaya 6:2} plural שְׂרָפִים seraphim (probably akin to i. שׂ׳, as beings orig. mythically conceived with serpents’ bodies (serpent-deities, compare Yeshaya 14:29; Yeshaya 30:6), or (Cheyne^commentaries) personif. of lightning, compare arts. Seraphim, Strachan^{Hast. DB.} Cheyne^{Ency. Bib.}; Dillmann Marti and elsewhere cp. also Egyptian guardian-griffins, called Šerref; see also כְּרוּב; on Assyrian Šarrapu, epith. of god Nergal, connected by Delitzsch^WB; with √ שָׂרַף, see שָׂרָב, Zim^{Schrader's Keilinschriften}.^{3 415});—in OT. majestic beings with six wings, and human hands and voices, attendant upon י׳ Yeshaya 6:2, Yeshaya 6:6.

↗ original

שָׂרָף³

proper name (masc.) a Judahite;—Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:22; Σαια, A SeptuagintL Σαραφ.

↗ original

שְׂרֵפָה

noun (fem.) burning;—absolute שׂ׳ Yeshaya 9:4 +, construct שְׂרֵפַת Bamidbar 19:6 +;—לשׂ׳ of brick-burning Breishis 11:3 (+ שָׂרַף); destructive Amos 4:11; Yeshaya 9:4, of land Devarim 29:22, of temple, הָיָה לִשְׂרֵפַת אֵשׁ Yeshaya 64:10, הַר שׂ׳ Yirmiya 51:25 that is a burnt-out volcano (figuratively of Babylonian); of heifer Bamidbar 19:6, compare v Bamidbar 19:17; of spices (probably) as funeral rite Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:14 (as direct object cogn.), Divrei HaYamim Beis 21:19 (object of עָשָׂה), v Divrei HaYamim Beis 21:19; of person (penal) Vayikra 10:6 (direct object cogn., י׳ subj.), Bamidbar 17:2.

↗ original

שֹׂרֵק

n.[m.] choice species of vine;—absolute שׂ׳ Yeshaya 5:2, שׂוֹ׳ Yirmiya 2:21 (both in figuratively).

↗ original

שֹׂרֵק²

(van d. H. שׂוֹ׳) proper name (place) in נַ֫חַל שׂ׳ Shoftim 16:4 (proposes Wady of choice vines);—Septuagint Σωρηχ[κ]; probably Wady Ṣurâr (G.A. Smith^{Geogr. 218 ff.}), on N. side of which is ruin Sûrîk, 3/4 h. W. of Ṣur‘ah (Ẓor‘ah), Survey^{iii. 53} G.F. Moore^{ad location}

↗ original

שַׂר²

noun (masc.) chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince (Mishnaic Hebrew especially of angels; Assyrian šarru, king);—absolute שַׂר Shmuel Beis 3:38 +, הַשַּׂר Micha 7:3 +, שָׂ֑ר Hoshea 3:4 +; construct שַׂר Shoftim 4:2 +; with suffix שַׂרְכֶם Daniel 10:21; plural שָׂרִים Melachim Alef 4:2 +; construct שָׂרֵי Breishis 12:15 +; with suffix שָׂרַי Shoftim 5:15; Yeshaya 10:8, שָׂרֵיכֶם Yirmiya 44:21, שָׂרֵיהֶם Yeshaya 3:4 +;—

chieftain, leader:

plural of Isr. Bamidbar 21:18 (poem in ‖ נְדִיב הָעָם), of Issachar Shoftim 5:15 (poem); שָׂרֵי גִלְעָד Shoftim 10:18 is doubtful (we should expect וְשׂ׳, and compare זִקְנֵי ג׳, instead, Shoftim 11:5-11); of Midian Shoftim 7:25; Shoftim 8:3; Philistines Shmuel Alef 29:3^(×2), Shmuel Alef 29:4^(×2), Shmuel Alef 29:9 (appar. = סְרָנִים v Shmuel Alef 29:2, Shmuel Alef 29:6, Shmuel Alef 29:7 [Wellhausen], yet disting. by H.P. Smith and [with reserve] Budde; Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate Th Budde del. in v Shmuel Alef 29:4), compare Shmuel Alef 18:30; poet., of כְּמוֹשׂ (that is the leading Moabites) Yirmiya 48:7, of מלכם (q.see; that is the leading Ammonites) Amos 1:15 = Yirmiya 49:3.

singular David as leader of freebooters Shmuel Alef 22:2; compare שׂ׳ גְּדוּד Melachim Alef 11:24, plural Shmuel Beis 4:2.

vassal, noble, official, under king (acting, on occasion, as counsellor, commander, etc.):

plural, in Egypt Breishis 12:15 + 3 times Is + Breishis 30:4 Dillmann Duhm Skinner (> of foreign embassy [compare ‖ מַלְאָכָיו] Cheyne and elsewhere reading [Cheyne^HebrewHaupt. Marti] שָׂרִים), 105:22; Moab Bamidbar 22:8 + 8 times Bamidbar 22:22, Bamidbar 22:23, Amos 2:3; Edom Yeshaya 34:12 (‖ חֹרִים); As. 10:8; 31:9; Babylonian 21:5 + 7 times Je + Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:31 (but here perhaps vaguely = authorities); other nations Yirmiya 49:38 + 17 times Ezr Est; in generally Yeshaya 49:7; officials, officials class, under kings of Israel: David (only Chr) Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:17 + 5 times 1 Ch, Ezra 8:20; Sol. Melachim Alef 4:2; Jehoiachin Melachim Beis 24:12, Melachim Beis 24:14; Zedek. Yirmiya 34:21; Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:18; other kings 19 times 2 Chr; in generally Koheles 10:16, Koheles 10:17; see also (Judah) Yirmiya 1:18 + 31 times Je (Yirmiya 17:25 del. שׂ׳ Graf Cheyne Giesebrecht Duhm), 4 times La, Yechezkel 17:12, Tzefania 1:8 (where disting. from בְּנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ, who are never called שׂ׳); so, in generally, Nechemia 9:32, Nechemia 9:34 Daniel 9:6, Daniel 9:8; and (N. Isr.) Hoshea 3:4 + 6 times Ho.

as having powers of magistrate Shemos 2:14 (E. + שֹׁפֵט); under Moses (over groups of 1000, 100, 50, 10) Shemos 18:21 + 7 times 18, Devarim 1:15^(×4); later in Judah Hoshea 5:10 (Nowack reads שָׂרֵי יִשׂ׳), Yeshaya 1:23, compare Yeshaya 3:4, Yeshaya 3:14; Yeshaya 32:1; Micha 7:3 (singular; ‖ שֹׁפֵט), Tzefania 3:3 (‖ the same), Yechezkel 22:27, compare Mishlei 8:16 (‖ נְדִיבִים); Mishlei 28:2 read perhaps צָרֶיהָ, see Toy.

as ruler or magistrate of a district (מְדִינָה), Melachim Alef 20:14, Melachim Alef 20:15, Melachim Alef 20:17, Melachim Alef 20:19 (compare Esther 1:3; Esther 8:9; Esther 9:3, שָׂרֵי עַם וָעָם Esther 3:12).

as commandant of city, שׂ׳ הָעִיר Shoftim 9:30, compare Melachim Alef 22:26 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:25, Melachim Beis 23:8; Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:8; of citadel, שׂ׳ הַבִּירָה Nechemia 7:2; plural of city officials, שׂ׳ סֻכּוֹת Shoftim 8:6, Shoftim 8:14 (disting. from זְקֵנִים), compare Melachim Beis 10:1; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:20.

specif. military, = captain, general:

שַׂר־(ה)צבא Breishis 21:22, Breishis 21:32, Breishis 26:26, Shmuel Alef 12:9 + 23 times, + שׂ׳־צ׳־י׳ Yehoshua 5:14, Yehoshua 5:15 (צָבָא 1 b), angel-captain in vision; see also 8, 9; שָׂרֵי הַצּ׳ Melachim Alef 1:25 + 3 times Chr, שָׂרִים בַּצּ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:22 (Gi Baer; van d. H. v Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:21); שָׂרֵי צְבָאוֹת Devarim 20:9; Melachim Alef 2:5; Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:3; שַׂר־הַחַ֫יִל Shmuel Beis 24:2 (but read וְאֶל־שָׂרֵי as SeptuagintL and ‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:2 Th Wellhausen Driver H.P. Smith Budde), שָׂרֵי (הַ)ח׳ v Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:4^(×2), Melachim Beis 9:5; Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:14; Nechemia 2:9, שָׂרֵי הַחֲיָלִים Melachim Alef 15:20 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:4; Melachim Beis 25:23; Melachim Beis 25:26 Yirmiya 40:7, Yirmiya 40:13 + 7 times Je; שָׂרֵי מִלְחָמוֹת Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:6; so (ה)שׂר alone Shmuel Beis 18:5; Shmuel Beis 19:7 Melachim Alef 9:22 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:9 Septuagint (Vaticanus) Be Kittel (שָׂרָיו וְשָׁלִישָׁיו, for Masoretic Text שָׂרֵי שׂ׳), Melachim Beis 9:5^(×2); Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:6, Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:21 + 9 times, + Iyov 39:25 Daniel 11:5; שׂ׳ וְגָדוֹל Shmuel Beis 3:38 (of Abner); poss. military figuratively also in שַׂר שָׁלוֹם Yeshaya 9:5 (Mess. name).

leading companies of 50 Melachim Beis 1:9-14; Yeshaya 3:3, of 100; Shmuel Alef 22:7 + 16 times + Shmuel Alef 8:12 (reading מֵאוֹת for חֲמִשִּׁים Septuagint H.P. Smith, compare Wellhausen; Budde ins. שָׂרֵי מֵאוֹת), of 1000; Shmuel Alef 17:18 + 11 times, + שָׂרֵי הָאֲלָפִים וְהַמֵּאוֹת Divrei HaYamim Alef 13:1 Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:26 (disting. from שָׂרֵי הַצָּבָא), Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:1; Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:6; Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:2; also שׂ׳ הָרֶכֶב captain of the chariotry Melachim Alef 22:31, Melachim Alef 22:32, Melachim Alef 22:33 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:30, Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:31, Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:32 + 3 times + שָׂרֵי ר׳ וּפָרָשָׁיו Melachim Alef 9:22 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:9.

chief, head, of other official classes: שַׂר הַטַּבָּחִים, Egypt, Breishis 37:36 + 5 times; שָׂרֵי הָרָצִים Melachim Alef 14:27 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 12:10; שָׂרֵי הַנִּצָּבִים Melachim Alef 5:30; Melachim Alef 9:23 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:10; even domestic positions (court of Pharaoh), שַׂר הַמַּשְׁקִים Breishis 40:2 + 5 times, שַׂר הָאוֹפוֹת Breishis 40:2 + 4 times (all E); שָׂרֵי הַמַּהְלְקוֹת Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:1, that is of the successive courses of royal military officials; compare הַשַּׂר Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:28; שַׂר הַסָּרִיסִים Daniel 1:7, Daniel 1:8, Daniel 1:9, Daniel 1:10, Daniel 1:11, Daniel 1:18; שַׂר מְנוּחָה Yirmiya 51:59.

= overseer: שַׂר בֵּית הַסֹּהַר Breishis 39:21, Breishis 39:23, שָׂרֵי מִקְנֶה Breishis 47:6 (all J; compare אַבִּיר הָרֹעִים Shmuel Alef 21:8), שָׂרֵי מִסִּים Shemos 1:11; compare Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:27; Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:6; Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:31; Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:1.—In Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:22 read probably סַר הַמַּשָּׂא (= שַׂר) overseer of the carrying (for Masoretic Text בְּמַשָּׂא יָסֹר בַּמַּשָּׂא), so Septuagint Benzinger Kittel, Be יָסֹר = יָשׂר; see another view יָסַר Qal.

of religious office: שָׂרֵי הַכֹּהֲנִים Ezra 8:24, Ezra 8:29; Ezra 10:5 Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:14; שׂ׳ הַלְוִיִּם Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:16, Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:22 Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:9, compare Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:5, Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:6, Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:7, Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:8, Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:9, Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:10; heads of classes or courses of priests, called שָׂרֵי קֹדֶשׁ Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:5, שׂ׳ אֱלֹהִים v Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:5;—שָׂרֵי ק׳ Yeshaya 43:28 (usually consecrated princes, whether priests, or kings, or both) is probably corrupt, read perhaps שַׁעֲרֵי (Duhm) or וַיְחַלְּלוּ שָׂרֶיךָ קָדְשִׁי Septuagint Houb Klostermann Cheyne^Haupt Gratz (substantially).

late, of representative leaders of people, tribal heads, שׂ׳ שִׁבְטֵי יִשׂ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:22; Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:6, compare Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:1; appar. = elders, שׂ׳ הָעָם Yechezkel 11:1; Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:23; שׂ׳ alone, Tehillim 68:28^(×3); in post-exilic Jerus. Ezra 9:1; Ezra 9:2 Nechemia 4:10; Nechemia 10:1; Nechemia 11:1 (שָׂרֵי הָעָם), + elders Ezra 10:8, Ezra 10:14; called שָׂרֵי יְהוּדָה Nechemia 12:31, Nechemia 12:32; of district-rulers Nechemia 3:9, Nechemia 3:12, Nechemia 3:14, Nechemia 3:15, Nechemia 3:16, Nechemia 3:17, Nechemia 3:18, Nechemia 3:19; of heads of families, שָׂרֵי הָאָבוֹת Ezra 8:29; Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:6 (= רָאשֵׁי הָא׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:31; Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:1; Nechemia 7:69).

late, as term of rank and dignity, Yeshaya 23:8 (compare ‘merchant-princes’), Iyov 3:15; Iyov 29:9 (‖ נְגִידִים), Iyov 34:19 Tehillim 45:17; Tehillim 82:7; Tehillim 148:11, opposite עבד(ים) Mishlei 19:10; Koheles 10:7; formidable foes Tehillim 119:23, Tehillim 119:161.

= patron-angel, only Dn: פָּרַס (מַלְכוּת) שַׂר Daniel 10:13, Daniel 10:20, שׂ׳ יָוָן v Daniel 10:20; specif. of מִיכָאֵל v Daniel 10:13, Daniel 10:21; Daniel 12:1.

שַׂר־הַצָבָא Daniel 8:11 = God (probably, compare צָבָא 1 c; yet see also צ׳ 1 b), so שַׂר שָׂרִים v Daniel 8:25.

↗ original

שָׂרַר

verb denom. (Gerber²⁰) be, or act as, prince, rule;—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיָּ֫שַׂר עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל Shoftim 9:22 Abim. ruled over Isr. three years; 3rd masculine plural שָׂרִים … יָשׂ֑רוּ Yeshaya 32:1 princes shall govern (prince it) justly (‖ יִמְלָךְ־מֶלֶךְ), compare Mishlei 8:16; participle (בינוני) לִהְיוֹת … שֹׂרֵר Esther 1:22 that every man should bear rule בְּבֵיתוֹ.

future (עתיד), 2nd masculine singular + infinitive (מקור) absolute כִּי־תִשְׂתָּרֵר עָלֵינוּ גַּס־הִשְׂתָּרֵר Bamidbar 16:13 that thou shouldst also keep playing the prince over us.—יָסֹר Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:22 see יָסַר Qal and שַׂר 4 b. Hiph. past (עבר) 3rd plural metapl. הֵשִׂירוּ (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67 v) Hoshea 8:4 they made princes (absolute; ‖ הִמְלִיכוּ).

↗ original

שָׂרָה³

noun (fem.) princess, noble lady;—construct שָׂרָ֫תִי (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 90 l) Eicha 1:1; plural שָׂרוֹת Melachim Alef 11:3, construct the same Esther 1:18; with suffix שָׂרוֹתֶיהָ Shoftim 5:29, -תֵיהֶם Yeshaya 49:23;—princesses attending Sisera’s mother Shoftim 5:29; of Sol.’s wives Melachim Alef 11:3, other queens Yeshaya 49:23 (‖ מְלָכִים); wives of nobles Esther 1:18; figuratively of Jerus. Eicha 1:1.

↗ original

שָׂרָה⁴

proper namef. wife of Abraham (princess);—Σαρρα: Breishis 17:15 (where formal change from שָׂרַי), v Breishis 17:17, Breishis 17:19, Breishis 17:21; Breishis 21:1, Breishis 21:3; Breishis 23:1^(×2), Breishis 23:2^(×2), Breishis 23:19; Breishis 25:10, Breishis 25:12; Breishis 49:31 (all P), Breishis 18:6 + 9 times Breishis 18:18, Breishis 21:1, Breishis 21:2; Breishis 24:36, Breishis 24:67 (all J), Breishis 20:2^(×2), Breishis 20:14, Breishis 20:16, Breishis 20:18; Breishis 21:6, Breishis 21:7, Breishis 21:9, Breishis 21:12 (all E); an ancestress of Hebrews Yeshaya 51:2.

↗ original

שָׂרַי²

proper namef. wife of Abram (Noldeke^{ZMG xiii (1888), 484} Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 801 Konig^{ii. 1, 427} make = foregoing, with old feminine ending י—ַ; >Lagarde^{BN 92, Anm.}*, emphasizing diff. in Septuagint, der.froma √ شرى, and cp. شراة, name of a barren mt.; compare Robertson Smith יִשְׂרָאֵל above, under I. שׂרה);—Septuagint Σαρα;—Breishis 11:30, v Breishis 11:31, Breishis 12:5, Breishis 12:11, Breishis 12:17; Breishis 16:1, Breishis 16:2, Breishis 16:3, Breishis 16:5, Breishis 16:6^(×2), Breishis 16:8^(×2) (all J), Breishis 17:15; שָׂרָ֑י Breishis 11:29, Breishis 16:2, Breishis 17:15.

↗ original

שָׂשׂוֹן²

see שׂוֹשׂ.

↗ original

שָׂתַם

verb usually stop up, in sense of shut out, shut ears against (late ‖ form of סָתַם; yet awkward; Barth^{ES 9} cp. Arabic شَمَّتَ frustrate, disappoint);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׂ׳ תְּפִלָּתִי Eicha 3:8 (> van d. H. שָׂתָם) he (י׳) hath shut out my prayer (Budde שׂ׳ מִתּ׳ shut up [himself] from).

↗ original

שָׁאַב

verb draw (water) (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, also attract; Aramaic שְׁאֵיב, of magnet; Arabic سَأَبَ be satisfied with drinking);—

past (עבר) 2nd masculine plural consec. וּשְׁאַבְהֶּם Yeshaya 12:3; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular וַתִּשְׁאַב Breishis 24:20, -אָ֑ב v Breishis 24:45; 1st singular אֶשְׁאָ֑ב v Breishis 24:19, Breishis 24:44; 3rd masculine plural יִשְׁאֲבוּן Rus 2:9, וַיִּשְׁאֲבוּ Shmuel Alef 7:6 + 2 times; imperative (ציווי) fs. שַׁאֲבִי Nachum 3:14; participle (בינוני) ms. שֹׁאֵב Devarim 29:10, plural construct שֹׁאֲבֵי Yehoshua 9:21, Yehoshua 9:23, Yehoshua 9:27; fpl. הַשֹּׁאֲבֹת Breishis 24:11;—draw water, with a direct object מַיִם Breishis 24:13, Shmuel Alef 7:6; Shmuel Alef 9:11, + מִן of source Shmuel Beis 23:16 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:8, Yeshaya 12:3 (figuratively); מֵי מָצוֹר שׁ׳ לָךְ Nachum 3:14; מַיִם om. Breishis 24:20, Breishis 24:43, Breishis 24:45 and (+ ל of animals) v Breishis 24:19, Breishis 24:20, Breishis 24:41 (all J); with a direct object אֲשֶׁר Rus 2:9 drink of that which the young men draw; participle (בינוני) fpl. Breishis 24:11 the water-drawing women; m. שֹׁאֵב מֵימֶיךָ Devarim 29:10 (servile labour, ‖ חֹטֵב עֵצֶיךָ), so mpl. Yehoshua 9:21, Yehoshua 9:23, Yehoshua 9:27 (P; all c. ל, and all ‖ חֹטְבֵי עֵצִים).

↗ original

שָׁאַג

verb roar (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic ثَأَجَ low, bleat, Freytag);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular וְשׁ׳ Yeshaya 5:29 Kesiv consec. (>Keri יִשְׁאַג), שָׁאָ֖ג Amos 3:8, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁאַג Amos 3:4 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׁאֹג Yirmiya 25:30; participle (בינוני) שֹׁאֵג Shoftim 14:5 Tehillim 22:14, שׁוֹאֵג Yechezkel 22:25, שֹׁאֲגִים Tzefania 3:3 Tehillim 104:21;—

roar, of lion Shoftim 14:5 (c. לִקְרָאתוֹ), Amos 3:4, Amos 3:8 Tehillim 104:21 (c. ל of prey), figuratively of invaders and foes Yirmiya 2:15 (c. עַל person) Tehillim 22:14, compare Tehillim 74:4, simile Yeshaya 5:29; Yirmiya 51:38; figuratively of rapacious rulers Tzefania 3:3; Yechezkel 22:25 (read נְשִׂיאֶיהָ for נְבִיאֶיהָ Septuagint and mod.); of י׳ (like lion) calling scattered Isr. Hoshea 11:10^(×2) (on text of see see Nowack); of י׳ roaring in thunder Yirmiya 25:30 = Amos 1:2 = Yoel 4:16, also Yirmiya 25:30 (שָׁאֹג יִשְׁאַג, followed by עַל־נָוֵהוּ); compare יִשְׁאַג־קוֹל Iyov 37:4 (‖ יַרְעֵם).

of human cry in distress Tehillim 38:9 (c. מִן causat.).

↗ original

שְׁאָגָה

noun (fem.) roaring;—

like lion, absolute שׁ׳ Yeshaya 5:29 (of invaders); of lion, construct שַׁאֲגַת Zecharia 11:3; Iyov 4:10 (figuratively of wicked), with suffix קוֹל שַׁאֲגָתוֹ Yechezkel 19:7 (figuratively of conquering king).

human cry in distress, שַׁאֲגָתִי Tehillim 32:3, דִּבְרֵי שׁ׳ Tehillim 22:2, שַׁאֲגֹתָ֑י Iyov 3:24.

↗ original

שָׁאָה

verb make a din or crash, crash into ruins (perhaps akin to שׁוֹאָה (√ שׁוא) storm, devastation; > Aramaic ܫܗܳܐ be deserted, שַׁהֲוָוא, שַׁהֲוָתָא desert);—

past (עבר) 3rd plural שָׁאוּ Yeshaya 6:11 until cities have crashed into ruins; + perhaps Nachum 1:5 (p. 671^a).

future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תִּשָּׁאֶה שְׁמָמָה Yeshaya 6:11, usually, and the ground be ruined into a desolation, but Septuagint Lo Duhm Marti תִּשָּׁאֵר be left a desol.; 3rd masculine plural יִשָּׁא֑וּן Yeshaya 17:12 they are in uproar (of nations, ‖ יֶהֱמָיוּן), v Yeshaya 17:13 (but del. as doublet Duhm Cheyne^Haupt. Marti).

infinitive (מקור) construct לְהַשְׁאוֹת Yeshaya 37:26, = לַהְשׁוֹת Melachim Beis 19:25 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 23 f Konig^{i. 570}, who follow van d. H. in giving לְהַשְׁאוֹת as Keri, but see Baer Gi), to cause … cities to crash into ruined heaps.

↗ original

שַׁאֲוָה

Kesiv, שׁוֹאָה Keri, noun (fem.) devastating storm;—simile Mishlei 1:27 (‖ סוּפָה). V. שׁוֹאָה, √ II. שׁוא.

↗ original

שָׁאוֹן

noun (masc.) ^{Hoshea 10:14} roar (of waters, etc.), din, crash, uproar;—absolute שׁ׳ Hoshea 10:14 +; construct שְׁאוֹן Yeshaya 13:4 +; with suffix שְׁאוֹנָהּ Yeshaya 5:14;—

roar of water (waves), Yeshaya 17:12 (‖ הָמָה), simile of noise of invading host, so v Yeshaya 17:13, but del. Duhm Cheyne^Haupt. Marti, as doublet; roar of this host v Yeshaya 17:12 (‖ הָמוֹן), compare שְׁאוֹן קוֹלָם Yirmiya 51:55; of waves also Tehillim 65:8^(×2); of din or crash of battle Amos 2:2 Hoshea 10:14 Tehillim 74:23; בְּנֵי שׁ׳ Yirmiya 48:45 (that is warriors); of battle in which י׳ beats down his foes Yirmiya 25:31, compare Yeshaya 66:6; of gathering hosts Yeshaya 13:4; שׁ׳ זָרִים Yeshaya 25:5 (Duhm Marti, plausibly, גְּאוֹן זֵדֵים, as Yeshaya 13:11); read שׁ׳ also probably (for שַׁאֲנָן, q.see) Melachim Beis 19:28 = Yeshaya 37:29; in mocking appell. of Pharaoh (Necho), Yirmiya 46:17 פ׳ (Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate) קִרְאוּ שֵׁם call ye the name of Phoenician a Crash.

uproar of revellers Yeshaya 5:14; Yeshaya 24:8.—בּוֹר שׁ׳ Tehillim 40:3, pit of roaring (of waters? figuratively, compare מַעֲמַקֵּי־מַיִם Tehillim 69:3, where also ‖ יָוֵן); Gesenius' Thesaurus and elsewhere of destruction (see √ 2), but against usage of שָׁאוֹן; > Duhm proposes בּוֹר שָׁוְא (compare נָפַת שָׁוְא Yeshaya 30:28).

↗ original

שֵׁאת

noun (fem.) doubtful word; perhaps (for* שֶׁאֶת) din of battle (= שָׁאוֹן); Gesenius' Thesaurus and elsewhere devastation, compare שְׁאִיָּה; either meaning suits הַשּׁ׳ Eicha 3:47 (‖ הַשָּׁ֑בֶר; but Wellhausen^{Comp. Hexateuch. 2, 351}, from II. שׁוא, desolation); contr. (according to Gesenius' Thesaurus and most) שֵׁת, in בְּנֵי שֵׁת Bamidbar 24:17 sons of (battle-)din (warriors, = בְּנֵי שָׁאוֹן in ‖ Yirmiya 48:45); old versions take שֵׁת here as proper name; Gray proposes שֵׂת = שְׂאֵת, pride, or reading as Je, compare Wellhausen^{Comp. 351}.

↗ original

שָׁאָה²

verb

gaze (appar. ‖ form of שָׁעָה, q.see);—participle (בינוני) ms. הָאִישׁ מִשְׁתָּאֵה לָהּ Breishis 24:21 the man was gazing at her (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 130 a).

↗ original

שָׁאַל

verb ask, inquire (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Assyrian šaʾâlu, Arabic سَأَلَ, Ethiopic ሰአለ: Sabean מסאל request, petition, Hom^{Chrest. 124} Levy-Os^{ZMG xix (1865), 165}; Aramaic ܫܶܐܠ, שְׁאֵיל; O Aramaic Zinj. שאל Ldzb³⁷¹, Nabataean Hiph. lend the same^ib.;—on שׁ׳ compare Jastr^{JBL xix (1900), 82 ff.});—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Shoftim 5:25 +, שָׁאָ֑ל Shoftim 8:26 + 2 times; consec. וְשָׁ֫אַל לוֹ Bamidbar 27:21; with suffix וּשְׁאֵלְךָ consec. Breishis 32:18 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 64 f), וּשְׁאֵלֵךְ consec. Shoftim 4:20; 1st singular with suffix שְׁאִלְתִּיו Shmuel Alef 1:20, שְׁאִלְתִּיהוּ Shoftim 13:16; 3rd plural with suffix שְׁאֵלוּנוּ Tehillim 137:3; 2nd masculine plural שְׁאֶלְתֶּם Shmuel Alef 12:13 (del. Septuagint Th Wellhausen Driver and most), Iyov 21:29, וּשְׁאֶלְתֶּס־ consec. Shmuel Alef 25:5, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁאַל Shemos 22:13 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) שְׁאַל Yeshaya 7:11 +, שְׁאָלוּנִי Yeshaya 45:11 (< תִּשְׁאָלוּנִי Weir Cheyne and elsewhere), etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׁאוֹל Breishis 43:7 +; construct לִשְׁאֹל Shoftim 1:14 +, etc.; participle (בינוני) active שֹׁאֵל Shmuel Beis 3:13 +, fs. שֹׁאֶלֶת Melachim Alef 2:20, Melachim Alef 2:22, mpl. הַשֹּׁאֲלִים Shmuel Alef 8:10; passive שָׁאוּל Shmuel Alef 1:28; Melachim Beis 6:5;—

ask, ask for, direct object rei (vel person) Shoftim 5:25; Shoftim 8:26; Melachim Alef 3:10 Tehillim 122:6 (= pray for) +; שׁ׳ אֶת־נַפְשׁוֹ לָמוּת Melachim Alef 19:4; Yonah 4:8, that is pray for death, but Iyov 31:30 demand the life of another בְּאָלָה by a curse; c. ל person Melachim Alef 2:22^(×2) + (ל person reflex.) Shmuel Alef 12:17, Shmuel Alef 12:19 +; c. מִן person Shoftim 8:24 (direct object cogn.), Ezra 8:22; Zecharia 10:1 +; followed by הָבִין Melachim Alef 3:11; followed by cl. שׁ׳ מָה אֶתֶּן־לָֽךְ׃ Melachim Alef 3:5 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:7, compare Melachim Beis 2:9; with a direct object + מֵאֵת person Shmuel Alef 8:10 Tehillim 27:4 (from י׳) +; + מֵעִם person Yeshaya 7:11 (from י׳) +; with a direct object person (from whom) + rei †Tehillim 137:3; direct object om. Yeshaya 7:12; Shmuel Beis 12:20; Melachim Alef 2:20; c. מִן person Tehillim 2:8; absolute Micha 7:3 Tehillim 105:40 (of prayer); הִקְשִׁיתָ לִשְׁאוֹל Melachim Beis 2:10, that is thou hast asked for a difficult thing.—Shmuel Alef 2:20 see Hiph.

specif. ask as a favour, for temporary use, that is borrow (compare לָוָה, as matter of business, see Budde Shmuel Alef 1:28), Shemos 22:13 (E; direct object rei + מֵעִם person), Melachim Beis 4:3 (direct object rei + מִן of source + ל person reflex.), Melachim Beis 6:5 (pt. passive absolute); so also (according to many), with a direct object rei Shemos 3:22 (+ מִן person) Shemos 11:2; Shemos 12:35 (both + מֵאֵת person; all E),—it is, however, not clear that there was any pretext of mere temporary use; pt. passive שָׁאוּל לי׳ Shmuel Alef 1:28 (lent, granted) made over to י׳ (in effect passive of Hiph., q.see).

in weakened sense, seek, desire (late), with a direct object Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:23 Koheles 2:10 (subj. עֵינַי); Mishlei 20:4 in harvest he shall look [for a crop], וָאָ֑יִן and there shall be none.

inquire of, with a direct object person + לֵאמֹר before inquiry Breishis 32:18, Breishis 44:19 +; c. וְאָמַר Shoftim 4:20, וַיֹּאמֶר, etc., Breishis 24:47, Yirmiya 37:13; followed by וְאָמַר without direct object person Breishis 32:30, compare Shmuel Alef 19:22, followed by לֵאמֹר Yehoshua 4:6; with a direct object person + עַל rei Nechemia 1:2; עַל rei alone, Koheles 7:10 (+ מֵחָכְמָה, that is prompted by wisdom); with a direct object person + rei (about which) Shmuel Beis 14:18; Yeshaya 45:11 + 4 times; direct object person + indir.quest. Shoftim 13:6; with a direct object person only, Shoftim 8:14; Shmuel Alef 25:8 Devarim 32:7 +, inquire of beasts (direct object) Iyov 12:7; with a direct object rei only, Yirmiya 50:5; c. ל person = direct object Melachim Beis 8:6 (Konig^{Synt. § 289 h}); c. ל rei about which Breishis 26:7, Breishis 32:30, Shoftim 13:18; Shmuel Beis 11:7; Yirmiya 6:16; Iyov 8:8, also (+ לאמר before the inquiry) Breishis 43:7, and (followed by direct question) Devarim 4:32; c. ל person about whom, Breishis 43:27, compare phr. of greeting, שׁ׳ אִישׁ לְרֵעֵהוּ לְשָׁלוֹם Shemos 18:7 ask each for (or about) his fellow as to welfare, compare †Shoftim 18:15; Shmuel Alef 10:4; Shmuel Alef 17:22; Shmuel Alef 25:5; Shmuel Alef 30:21 [read וַיִּשְׁאֲלוּ לוֹ Septuagint Peshitta Wellhausen Driver H.P. Smith Budde] Shmuel Beis 8:10; Yirmiya 15:5; Divrei HaYamim Alef 18:10; followed by direct question only, Shmuel Alef 17:56; Yirmiya 18:13 (c. ב location), followed by indirect question only (c. אִם) Yirmiya 30:6; שׁ׳ אֶת־פִי פ׳ Breishis 24:57; absolute make inquiry Devarim 13:15 (+ דָּרַשׁ, חָקַר).

inquire of, consult, deity, oracle, etc. (Jastr^{JBL xix (1900), 88 ff.}), followed by direct object פִּי י׳ Yehoshua 9:14, Yeshaya 30:2, י׳ Yeshaya 65:1 (‖ בִּקֵּשׁ); elsewhere in Hexateuch only (direct object om.), Bamidbar 27:21 (P; c. ל person for whom, + ב instr.), compare Yehoshua 19:50; also שׁ׳ אוֹב Devarim 18:11 (pt. as noun; Jäger^{BAS ii. 292} cp. Assyrian maššaku ša šâ’ili, that is skin-vessel of the oracle-seeker, compare Jastr^{JBL xix (1900), 96 ff.}); with a direct object of human agent Shmuel Alef 28:16; Yirmiya 38:14, Yirmiya 38:27; usually (ancient usage, chiefly Ju Smend) שׁ׳ בי׳ לֵאמֹר (בְּ perhaps orig. local, so G.F. Moore, or instr.), Shoftim 1:1; Shoftim 20:23; Shmuel Alef 23:2; Shmuel Alef 30:8; Shmuel Beis 2:1; Shmuel Beis 5:19 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 14:10; לֵאמֹר om. Shmuel Alef 10:22 (followed by direct question), Shmuel Alef 22:10 (ל person for whom), Shmuel Alef 23:4; Shmuel Alef 28:6; Shmuel Beis 5:23 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 14:14; Shoftim 20:27; שׁ׳ בֵּאלֹהִים Shoftim 18:5; Shoftim 20:18; Shmuel Alef 14:37 (followed by direct question), also (ל person for whom), Shmuel Alef 22:13, Shmuel Alef 22:15; שׁ׳ בִּדְבַר הָא׳ Shmuel Beis 16:23; likewise שׁ׳ בְּעֵצוֹ Hoshea 4:12 (that is his idol), בַּתְּרָפִים Yechezkel 21:26, בָּאוֹב Divrei HaYamim Alef 10:13; perhaps = receive as oracle Devarim 18:16 (מֵעִם י׳), Jastr^l.c..

ask for oneself (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 51 e), specif. ask leave of absence, c. מִן person: past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular + infinitive (מקור) absolute נִשְׁאֹל נִשְׁאַל Shmuel Alef 20:6 (followed by inf.), v Shmuel Alef 20:28 (followed by עַד;? ins. ל inf. H.P. Smith); past (עבר) 1st singular נִשְׁאַלְתִּי מִן־הַמֶּלֶךְ Nechemia 13:6 (absolute).

inquire carefully: future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural + Qal infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׁאוֹל יְשָֽׁאֲלוּ Shmuel Beis 20:18 (Budde proposes Qal future (עתיד) יִשְׁאֲלוּ), c. ב location; on following context see Wellhausen Driver H.P. Smith Budde.

beg, practise beggary, past (עבר) 3rd plural וְשִׁאֵ֑לוּ (consec.) Tehillim 109:10.

(proposes let one ask [successfully], give, or lend, on request, then) grant, make over to (as a favour, with or without request): past (עבר) 1st singular with suffix הִשְׁאִלְתִּהוּ לי׳ Shmuel Alef 1:28 I have made him over to י׳ (compare Driver H.P. Smith Budde and Qal participle (בינוני) passive, ib.); perhaps also read 3rd feminine singular הִשְׁאִילָה לי׳ Shmuel Alef 2:20 (whom) she hath made over to י׳ (for שָׁאַל לי׳) Budde H.P. Smith (after Septuagint in part; other conjunction in Driver); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural with suffix rei וַיַּשְׁאִלוּם Shemos 12:36 and they handed them over.

↗ original

שָׁאוּל

proper name (masc.) (= asked (of י׳), compare שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל below; Palmyrene proper name שאילא Lidzbarski³⁷¹ Cooke²⁸³);—Σαουλ:

₃₉₇ 1st king of Isr., Shmuel Alef 9:2, Shmuel Alef 9:3^(×2), Shmuel Alef 9:5 (son of Kish, a Benjamite) + 359 times Smend, 28 times 1 Chr, Tehillim 18:1; Tehillim 52:2; Tehillim 54:2; Tehillim 57:1; Tehillim 59:1 (all in titles); גִּבְעַת שׁ׳ Yeshaya 10:29 (and Shmuel Alef 11:4; Shmuel Alef 15:34; Shmuel Beis 21:6 see II. גִּבְעָה).

a king of Edom Breishis 36:37, Breishis 36:38 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:48, Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:49.

a son of Simeon Breishis 46:10; Shemos 6:15; Bamidbar 26:13 (all P) = Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:24.

a Levite Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:9.

↗ original

שְׁאָ֫לָה

Yeshaya 7:11 see שְׁאוֹל 1.

↗ original

שְׁאֵלָה

[i. שֵׁלָה] noun (fem.) request, thing asked for;—שְׁא׳ Shoftim 8:24 +; with suffix שְׁאֵלָתִי Shmuel Alef 1:27 +, שֶׁאֱלָתִי Iyov 6:8, שְׁאֵלָתֵךְ Esther 5:6 +, שֵׁלָתֵךְ Shmuel Alef 1:17, שֶׁאֱלָתָם Tehillim 106:15;—

request, petition, Shoftim 8:24; Melachim Alef 2:16, Melachim Alef 2:20 (both direct object cogn. c. שָׁאַל), Esther 5:6, Esther 5:7 (c. נָתַן = grant), Esther 7:2, Esther 7:3; Esther 9:12. This passes easily into

thing asked for, Shmuel Alef 2:20, c. נָתַן Shmuel Alef 1:17, Shmuel Alef 1:27; Esther 5:8 Tehillim 106:15; תָּבוֹא שׁ׳ Iyov 6:8.—ii. שֵׁלָה see below אֶשְׁתָּאֹל proper name (masc.), see p. 84and

↗ original

שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל

proper name (masc.) (I have asked (him) of God; on direct object compare (late) Tehillim 137:3);—first son of Jehoiachin and uncle of Zerubbabel according to Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:17 (compare v Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:18, Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:19); but Z.’s father Chaggai 1:1; Chaggai 2:23; Yechezkel 3:2, Yechezkel 3:8; Nechemia 12:1 (attempts at explan. in Be Kittel Benzinger).—Σαλαθιηλ.

↗ original

שְׁאוֹל

noun (fem.) ^{Tehillim 86:13} (appar. m. Iyov 26:6 compare Yeshaya 14:9, see Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 51}) Sh^eʾôl, underworld (√ doubtful; שׁאל, that is place of inquiry (ref. to necromancy) Jastr^{Am. J. Sem. Lang. xiv. 170, compare JBL xix (1900), 88 ff.} (Jerem^{Leben n. d. Tode 109} ‘Ort der Entscheidung’); Gesenius' Thesaurus Böttcher^{De infinitive (מקור) § 158} Dillmann and elsewhere cp. √ שׁעל, whence שֹׁעַל hollow hand, etc.; שׁ׳ then = hollow place, ‘Hölle’, hell; other conjunction see Hupfeld Tehillim 6:6; De Yeshaya 5:14 Beer^{Bibl. Hades} in Holtzmann^{Festgabe, 1902, 15}; most now refrain from positive etymology (for example Buhl); Old Aramaic שאול, Syriac ܫܝܽܘܠ; Assyrian šu-alu is doubtful: so read and interpr. Delitzsch^{Pa 121; Prol. 47, 145} Jastr^{Am. J. Sem. Lang. xiv. 165 ff.} Ency. Bib.^s.see; opposite by Bertin^{TSBA viii. 269} Jen^{Kosmol. 223 ff.} Zim^{Schrader's Keilinschriften 3. 636} and elsewhere; see also Muss-Arnolt^{JBL xi (1892), 169} and reff.);—always absolute, שְׁאוֹל Devarim 32:22 + 52 times, ה—ָ Breishis 42:38 Tehillim 9:18; שְׁאֹל Melachim Alef 2:6; Iyov 17:16, ה—ָ Breishis 37:35 + 7 times; + Yeshaya 7:11 (so read for שְׁאָ֫לָה Aq Σ Θ Duhm Cheyne and now most);—

the underworld, שׁ׳ תַּחְתִּית Devarim 32:22, מִתַּחַת Yeshaya 14:9; מִשּׁ׳ מָ֑טָּה Mishlei 15:24; ‖ מָוֶת Mishlei 5:5; Mishlei 7:27; Shir HaShirim 8:6 Tehillim 89:49; whither men descend at death, Breishis 37:35, Breishis 42:38; Breishis 44:29, Breishis 44:31, Shmuel Alef 2:6; Melachim Alef 2:6, Melachim Alef 2:9; Iyov 7:9; Iyov 21:13; Yeshaya 14:11, Yeshaya 14:15 Tehillim 88:4, and Ḳoraḥ and associates go down alive by י׳’s judgment, Bamidbar 16:30, Bamidbar 16:33, compare Tehillim 55:16; under mts. and sea Iyov 26:6 (compare v Iyov 26:5), בֶּטֶן שׁ׳ Yonah 2:3 (compare v Yonah 2:7); with bars Iyov 17:16 (si vera l.: see Septuagint Duhm); פִּי שׁ׳ Tehillim 141:7; שַׁעֲרֵי שׁ׳ Yeshaya 38:10; personif. Yeshaya 28:15, Yeshaya 28:18 (‖ מות) as insatiable monster Yeshaya 5:14; Chavakuk 2:5; Mishlei 1:12; Mishlei 27:20; Mishlei 30:16; as said (figuratively) to have snares, חֶבְלֵי שׁ׳, Tehillim 18:6 = Shmuel Beis 22:6, compare מְצָרֵי שׁ׳ Tehillim 116:3; opposite (height of) שָׁמַיִם Amos 9:2; Iyov 11:8 Tehillim 139:8 + (opposite לְמָ֑עְלָה) Yeshaya 7:11 (see supra); dark, gloomy, without return Iyov 17:13 (compare v Iyov 17:16; Iyov 7:9; Iyov 10:21; Iyov 16:22; all being alike Iyov 3:17-19; Iyov 21:23-26); without work or knowledge or wisdom according to Koheles 9:5, Koheles 9:6, Koheles 9:10 (compare Iyov 14:21, and see רְפָאִים under רפה; yet compare Yeshaya 14:9).

condition of righteous and wicked disting. in שׁ׳ (later than Shmuel Alef 28, especially in WisdLt):

wicked יָשׁוּבוּ לִשְׁא֑וֹלָה Tehillim 9:18, יִדְּמוּ לִשׁ׳ Tehillim 31:18; death is their shepherd, without power and honour they waste away Tehillim 49:15^(×2); שׁ׳ consumes them as drought water Iyov 24:19; righteous dread it because no praise or presence of God there (as in temple) Tehillim 6:6 (compare Tehillim 88:6), Yeshaya 38:18; deliverance from it a blessing Tehillim 30:4; Tehillim 86:13; Mishlei 23:14. In Ezek. שׁ׳ is land below, place of reproach, abode of uncircumcised Yechezkel 31:15, Yechezkel 31:16, Yechezkel 31:17; Yechezkel 32:21, Yechezkel 32:27.

righteous shall not be abandoned, לשׁ׳ Tehillim 16:10 (‖ שַׁחַת q.see; opposite אֹרַח הַיִּים, etc., v Tehillim 16:11, compare Tehillim 17:15), is ransomed from שׁ׳ Tehillim 49:16 (compare Tehillim 73:23, Tehillim 73:25; Yeshaya 57:1, Yeshaya 57:2); compare Job’s expectation and desire Iyov 14:13; Iyov 17:13 (compare Iyov 10:21; Iyov 19:25).

later distinction of places in שׁ׳:

depths of שׁ׳ for sensualist Mishlei 9:18.

שׁ׳ וַאֲבַדּוֹן Mishlei 15:11, see אֲבַדּוֹן. [שַׁחַת and בּוֹר, q.see, when ‖ שׁ׳, are usually in bad sense (Tehillim 88:4); probably = pit in שׁ׳, > שׁ׳ itself as pit; words at least prepare for local distinctions of postB. Judaism and NT.]

שׁ׳ figuratively of extreme degradation in sin Yeshaya 57:9; as place of exile for Israel Hoshea 13:14^(×2) (compare Yeshaya 26:19).

↗ original

שָׁאַן

verb Paʿl. (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 55d) be at ease or at peace, rest securely (Syriac ܫܰܝܶܢ pacify, ܫܰܝܢܳܐ, Ethiopic ስንእ; peace);—past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שַׁאֲנַן Yirmiya 48:11, וְשׁ׳ consec. Yirmiya 30:10 +; 3rd plural שַׁאֲנָ֑נוּ Iyov 3:18;—be at ease, secure, undisturbed by ill fortune: וְשָׁקַט וְשׁ׳ וְאֵין מַחֲרִיד Yirmiya 30:10 = Yirmiya 46:27; Yirmiya 48:11 (of Moab); שׁ׳ מִפַּחַד רָעָה Mishlei 1:33; of rest from trouble, etc., in grave Iyov 3:18.

↗ original

שְׁאָן

see בֵּית שְׁאָן.

↗ original

שַׁאֲנָן

adjective at ease, secure (Barth^{NB § 143 a} Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 84 b k);—absolute שׁ׳ Yeshaya 33:20; plural שַׁאֲנַנִּים Amos 6:1 +, שַׁאֲנַנּוֹת Yeshaya 32:9, Yeshaya 32:11, Yeshaya 32:18;—

at ease, secure: נָוֶה שׁ׳ Yeshaya 33:20 secure habitation (of Jerus.), compare מְנוּחוֹת שׁ׳ Yeshaya 32:18 (‖ מִבְטַחִים).

as noun, one at ease, free from misfortune, Iyov 12:5.

at ease, with collat. idea of careless, wanton, arrogant, Amos 6:1; Yeshaya 32:9, Yeshaya 32:11; Zecharia 1:15 Tehillim 123:4.

as noun abstr. = arrogance: with suffix שַׁאֲנַנְךָ Melachim Beis 19:28 (‖ הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ) = Yeshaya 37:29, but < שְׁאוֹנְךָ thine uproar, Budde^{journal ZAW xii (1892), 36} Gratz Cheyne Marti Kittel (perhaps), Bur. compare שׁלאנן.

↗ original

שָׁאַר

verb remain, be left over (syn. יָתַר) (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Targum שְׁאַר; Sabean סאר remaining Hom^{Chr 124}; Arabic سَأَرَ, سَىِٔرَ be left over, Lane, compare Lagarde^{GGN 1889, 297}; Old Aramaic שאר remainder, Nabataean שארית, see Lidzbarski³⁷¹ SAC¹¹⁰);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Shmuel Alef 16:11 the youngest still remains.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִשְׁאַר Breishis 47:18 +; 3rd feminine singular נִשְׁאֲרָה Yehoshua 13:1; Daniel 10:8, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשָּׁאֵר Yeshaya 11:11, Yeshaya 11:16, וַיִּשָּׁ֫אֶר Breishis 7:23, etc.; participle (בינוני) נִשְׁאָר Breishis 32:9 +, וְנֵאשֲׁאַר Yechezkel 9:8 (read וְנִשְׁאָר Hitzig Toy Krae, וָאֶשָּׁ֫אֶר Smend; del. Septuagint Hitzig Co Siegf Berthol); f. נִשְׁאָרָה Melachim Beis 19:30 = Yeshaya 37:31, נִשְׁאֶ֫רֶת Shemos 10:5; Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:6, נִשְׁאָ֑רֶת Yehoshua 13:2, etc.;—

be left over (sometimes ‖ נוֹתַר) Shemos 8:27; Shemos 10:19; Shemos 14:28 (all J), Yehoshua 11:22, Shoftim 7:3 Shmuel Beis 14:7 +; in restrictive cl. לֹא נ׳ זוּלַת Melachim Beis 24:14 there were left only, etc., לֹא נ׳ לִפְנֵי אֲדֹנִי בִּלְתִּי אִם וגו׳ Breishis 47:18; followed by direct object adverb (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 118 q), or appos., Devarim 4:27; Ezra 9:15; compare נ׳ בִּמְתֵי מְעָ֑ט Devarim 28:62 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 119 i); sometimes c. ב location Shemos 8:5, Shemos 8:7, Yirmiya 38:22 +; c. אֵת (preposition location) †Yehoshua 23:7, Yehoshua 23:12; c. מִן = be left from (of) †Shemos 10:5, Devarim 3:11; Yehoshua 13:12, Yeshaya 11:11, Yeshaya 11:16; Yirmiya 8:3 (pt.; v b del. הַנּי Septuagint Peshitta Hitzig Graf Giesebrecht Co), Nechemia 1:2, Nechemia 1:3, נ׳ מְעַט מֵהַרְבֵּה Yirmiya 42:2; c. לְ to or for, †Melachim Beis 10:11, Melachim Beis 10:17 (pt.), Zecharia 9:7; Divrei HaYamim Beis 21:17, הַנּ׳ לָכֶם מִן־הַבָּרָד Shemos 10:5, compare Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:6 and (ב location for ל) Yirmiya 21:7; c. בְּ, in, among, of, †Shmuel Alef 11:11; Yeshaya 17:6; Yirmiya 34:7; Yirmiya 37:10; Vayikra 26:36, Vayikra 26:39 (H; pt.), Vayikra 25:52 (P; of years), even הַנּ׳ בַּדָּם Vayikra 5:9 the rest of the blood; c. עַל †Shmuel Alef 5:4; c. inf. נ׳ לְרִשְׁתָּהּ †Yehoshua 13:1; = be left alive, survive, †Breishis 7:23, Yechezkel 9:8 (but on text see above); הַנּ׳ = the survivors, †Breishis 14:10; Shmuel Alef 11:11; Yechezkel 17:21; pt. as term. techn. = the (purified) remainder, remnant (compare שְׁאָר, שְׁאֵרִית) Yeshaya 4:3 (ב location; ‖ הַנּוֹתָר), Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:21 (ב location).—הַנּ׳ Shmuel Alef 9:24 is doubtful; what is left over, in polite depreciation, Budde; read הַשְּׁאֵר H.P. Smith.

be left behind, Shemos 10:26, Bamidbar 11:26; c. לְבַדּוֹ Breishis 42:38, compare Yeshaya 49:21 Daniel 10:8; of widow Rus 1:3, †מִן of the dead v Rus 1:5.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִשְׁאִיר Shemos 10:12 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַשְׁאִיר Devarim 28:51, 1st plural נַשְׁאֵר Shmuel Alef 14:36 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 48 g; 109 d Konig^{p. 466 f.}), etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct הַשְׁאִיר Ezra 9:8, see also below;—

leave over, spare, with a direct object Shemos 10:12, Melachim Beis 25:22; Yirmiya 49:9 = Ovadia 1:5, Yehoshua 11:14, Shoftim 6:4; אֶסְלַח לַאֲשֶׁר אַשׁ׳ Yirmiya 50:20; especially לֹא הִשׁ׳ שָׂרִיד leave no survivor, Yehoshua 10:28, compare v Yehoshua 10:30, Yehoshua 10:37, Yehoshua 10:39, Yehoshua 10:40 (all D), so עַד־בִּלְתִּי הִשׁ׳ שׂ׳ (sometimes c. ל person) Bamidbar 21:35 = Devarim 3:3, compare Devarim 2:34; Yehoshua 8:22; Yehoshua 11:8 (both ), Yehoshua 10:33, Melachim Beis 10:11, and מִבְּלִי הִשׁ׳ לוֹ כֹּ֑ל Devarim 28:55 (in all these read infinitive (מקור) construct הַשׁ׳ see Driver Devarim 3:3; Devarim 7:24); c. ב, among, of, Shmuel Alef 14:36, ב location Melachim Alef 19:18; Tzefania 3:12 (in both of preserving a pious remnant, compare שְׁאָר, שְׁאֵרִית), also Melachim Beis 3:25 (Bur reads בָּנֶיהָ for אֲבָנֶיהָ, Kittel אֲנָשִׁים, compare Klostermann Benzinger); c. לְ person Devarim 28:51; Melachim Alef 15:29; Melachim Alef 16:11; Melachim Beis 13:7; Ezra 9:8; c. מִן, from, of, Melachim Beis 10:14, מִן particle Shmuel Alef 25:22; Melachim Beis 25:12 = Yirmiya 52:16; Yirmiya 39:10.

leave or keep over (מִן particle) till morning Bamidbar 9:12.

תַּשׁ׳ מֵאָה Amos 5:3 the city shall have 100 left, compare v Amos 5:3.

leave as a gift, וְהִשׁ׳ אַחֲרָיו בְּרָכָה Yoel 2:14.—Wellhausen Nowack read וַיַּשְׁאֵר Malachi 2:15, see שְׁאָר.

↗ original

שְׁאָר

noun (masc.) ^{Yeshaya 16:14} rest, residue, remnant (= יֶתֶר, especially Is. and late; on form Konig^{ii. 1, 141} Noldeke^{Beitr. z. Sem. W. 30});—שׁ׳ absolute Yeshaya 14:22 +, construct Yeshaya 10:19 +;—rest, residue, remainder, of trees Yeshaya 10:19, silver Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:14, city Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:8, territory Esther 9:12; שׁ׳ דִּבְרֵי שְׁלֹמהֹ Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:29 (יֶתֶר in ‖ Melachim Alef 11:41, and usually in like phrase, see p. 451 f.); of men Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:41; Ezra 3:8; Ezra 4:3, Ezra 4:7; Nechemia 10:29; Nechemia 11:1, Nechemia 11:20; Esther 9:16; of Moab Yeshaya 16:14; Aram Yeshaya 17:3 (= last remnant), archers of Kedar Yeshaya 21:17; = posterity, שֵׁם וּשׁ׳ וְנִין וָנֶכֶד Yeshaya 14:22 (of Babylon); שׁ׳ הַבַּעַל Tzefania 1:4, that is Baal, to the last remnant, vestige (so Wellhausen and elsewhere; Septuagint שֵׁם, compare Schwally Nowack G.A. Smith); term. techn. = purified remnant of Israel (Giesebrecht^{Beiträge 37 f.}) Yeshaya 10:20 (‖ פְּלֵיטָה), v Yeshaya 10:21^(×2), Yeshaya 10:22; Yeshaya 11:11, Yeshaya 11:16; Yeshaya 28:5.—וּשׁ׳ רוּחַ לוֹ Malachi 2:15 is obscure; read וַיַּשְׁאֵר ר׳ לָנוּ Wellhausen Nowack, compare G.A. Smith.

↗ original

שְׁאֵרִית

noun (fem.) rest, residue, remnant, remainder (= שָׁאָר);—שׁ׳ absolute Shmuel Beis 14:7 +, construct Yechezkel 36:3 +, שֵׁרִית (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 23 f) Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:39 (van d. H. v Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:38); with suffix שְׁאֵרִיתֵךְ Yeshaya 14:30; Yechezkel 5:10, -תוֹ Yeshaya 44:17, -תָם Yirmiya 15:9;—

rest, what is left, of wood Yeshaya 44:17, land Yeshaya 15:9 (‖ פְּלֵיטָה), Yirmiya 47:4, Yirmiya 47:5; Yechezkel 25:16; שׁ׳ חֵמֹת Tehillim 76:11 is difficult (Gratz [compare Cheyne] proposes חֲמָת Hamath, Duhm אֻמֹּת tribes); rest of princes Yirmiya 39:3, of nations (= the other nations, Toy) Yechezkel 36:3, Yechezkel 36:4, Yechezkel 36:5; of Israel Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:39 (van d. H. v Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:38), Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:9; Nechemia 7:70 (van d. H. v Nechemia 7:71); = last remnant of people, Philistines Amos 1:8 (compare Wellhausen), Yeshaya 14:30, Edom Amos 9:12, Anathoth Yirmiya 11:23, Ashdod Yirmiya 25:20, Babylon Yirmiya 50:26, Amalek Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:43 (+ הַפְּלֵיטָה), Isr. Melachim Beis 21:14; Yirmiya 6:9; Yirmiya 15:9; remnant left after catastrophe Amos 5:15; Yirmiya 8:3; Yirmiya 24:8; Yirmiya 40:11, Yirmiya 40:15; Yirmiya 41:10, Yirmiya 41:16; Yirmiya 42:2, Yirmiya 42:15, Yirmiya 42:19; Yirmiya 43:5; Yirmiya 44:12, Yirmiya 44:14, Yirmiya 44:28; Yechezkel 5:10; Yechezkel 9:8; Yechezkel 11:13; Chaggai 1:12, Chaggai 1:14; Chaggai 2:2; even וְשַׂמְתִּי אֶת־הַצֹּלֵעָה לִשׁ׳ Micha 4:7 (as promise, ‖ גּוֹי עָצוּם, compare Giesebrecht^{Beiträge, 42 f.}); = survivors Yirmiya 44:7, הַשּׁ׳ מִן־הַחֶרֶב Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:20; = faithful remnant of Israel or Judah (term. techn. of proph., compare שְׁאָר ad fin.), Melachim Beis 19:4 = Yeshaya 37:4; Melachim Beis 19:31 (‖ פְּלֵיטָה) = Yeshaya 37:32 (‖ the same), Micha 2:12; Micha 5:6, Micha 5:7; Micha 7:18; Ezra 9:14 (‖ the same), Yeshaya 46:3; Yirmiya 23:3; Yirmiya 31:7; Tzefania 2:7, Tzefania 2:9 (‖ יֶתֶר), Tzefania 3:13; Zecharia 8:6, Zecharia 8:11, Zecharia 8:12.

remainder = descendants (= שְׁאָר Yeshaya 14:22): Breishis 45:7, שֵׁם וּשׁ׳ Shmuel Beis 14:7.

↗ original

שׁאר

(√ of following; compare Assyrian šêru, Pun. שאד, flesh, Arabic ثَأْرٌ blood revenge, so Sabean תֿאר, SabeanDenkm.^{Noldeke. 5, l.7}; perhaps orig. blood (compare Yirmiya 51:35), Noldeke^{ZMG xi (1886), 723} and Id.^{M 101}, who cp. Mand. תירתא = ܬܻܐܪܳܬܐ conscience, mind, etc., perhaps proposes midriff, compare Hoffmann^below).

↗ original

שְׁאֵר

noun (masc.) ^{Tehillim 73:26} flesh (perhaps orig. the inner flesh, full of blood, next the bones, compare Hoffmann^{journal ZAW iii (1883), 107}, and בָּשָׂר = (orig.) flesh next the skin);—שׁ׳ absolute Tehillim 78:20, Tehillim 78:27, construct Micha 3:3 +, with suffix שְׁאֵרִי Yirmiya 51:35 Tehillim 73:26, etc.;—

flesh:

as food, Shemos 21:10 (H.P. Smith also Shmuel Alef 9:24, for הַנִּשְׁאָר), Tehillim 78:20 (‖ לֶחֶם), v Tehillim 78:27 (‖ עוֹף בָּנָף); figuratively Micha 3:2 (‖ עוֹר), v Micha 3:3 (‖ the same), Yirmiya 51:35 (‖ דָּם).

figuratively for physical power Tehillim 73:26 (+ לֵבָב), Mishlei 5:11 (+ בָּשָׂר).

in HP = flesh- (= blood-) relation (that is one near of kin): שְׁאֵר אָבִיךָ Vayikra 18:12, compare v Vayikra 18:13; Vayikra 20:19, also Vayikra 18:17 (read שְׁאֵרְךָ for שַׁאֲרָה, Septuagint Ewald Driver-Wh; compare Dillmann Baen); + הַקָּרֹב אֵלָיו Vayikra 21:2 Bamidbar 27:11; שׁ׳ בְּשָׂרוֹ Vayikra 18:6; Vayikra 25:49.

= self, Mishlei 11:17 (‖ נֶפֶשׁ).

↗ original

שַׁאֲרָה

Vayikra 18:17 see שְׁאֵר 2.

↗ original

שֶׁאֱרָה

proper namef. ‘daughter’ of Ephraim;—בִּתּוֹ שׁ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:24 (see also proper name (place) אֻזֵּן שׁ׳ p. 25a above); Septuagint^b ἐκείνοις τ. καταλοίποις, but SeptuagintL (compare Septuagint^a) ἡ θυγάτηρ αὐτοῦ Σαραα.

↗ original

שֵׁאת²

see שׁאה.

↗ original

שְׁבָא

proper namegent. et terr. Sh^ebâ, in SW. Arabia (Sabean סבא D.H. Müller^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 9}, סבא verb = make campaign Mordt^{HI 72} or expedition SabeanDenkm.^{Noldeke. 12, 1, 5, 14}; compare DSMargoliouth^{HastDB sheba} F.B.^{Ency. Bib. sheba} and reff.);—Sheba: מַלְכַּת־שׁ׳ Melachim Alef 10:1, Melachim Alef 10:4, Melachim Alef 10:10, Melachim Alef 10:13 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:1, Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:3, Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:9, Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:12; מַלְכֵי שׁ׳ Tehillim 72:10; famous for trade, רֹכְלֵי שׁ׳ Yechezkel 27:22, Yechezkel 27:23, הֲלִיכֹת שׁ׳ Iyov 6:19 (‖ תֵּמָא); yielding costly wares Yechezkel 38:13, זְהַב שׁ׳ Tehillim 72:15, לְבוֹנָה מִשּׁ׳ Yirmiya 6:20 (‖ מֵאֶרֶץ מֶרְחָק, compare following), paying homage and tribute to Israel in future Yeshaya 60:6; descended from (Yoḳtan and) Shem Breishis 10:28 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:22, from (Yoḳshan and) Abr. and Ḳeṭûrâh Breishis 25:3 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:32 (that is a northern branch of Sheba, + דְּדָן, q.see), but from כּוּשׁ Breishis 10:7 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:9; marauders, N. Arabia, Iyov 1:15.

↗ original

שְׁבָבִים

n.[m.]plural probably splinters;—שׁ׳ יִהְיֶה עֵגֶל שֹׁמְרוֹן Hoshea 8:6 (compare Wellhausen; old versions appar. conjecture).

↗ original

שָׁבִיב

noun (masc.) probably flame (Biblical Aramaic שְׁבִיב);—construct וְלֹא יִגַּהּ שְׁבִיב אִשּׁוֹ Iyov 18:5 (‖ אוֹר); so Ecclus Ben Sira 8:10; Ben Sira 45:19.

↗ original

שָׁבָה

verb take captive (Mishnaic Hebrew, Old Aramaic the same; Arabic سَبَا (سبى); Aramaic שְׁבָא ܫܒܳܐ );—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Yirmiya 41:14; with suffix וְשָׁבָם (consec.) Yirmiya 43:12 (but read וְשָׁבָה Giesebrecht; Duhm conjunction וְשָֽׁמְמוּ); 2nd masculine singular שָׁבִיתָ Melachim Beis 6:22 Tehillim 68:19, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיִּשְׁבְּ Bamidbar 21:1 Yirmiya 41:10, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. וּשְׁבֵה Shoftim 5:12; infinitive (מקור) construct שְׁבוֹת Ovadia 1:11; participle (בינוני) active plural שֹׁבִים Yeshaya 14:2, etc.; passive mpl. שְׁבוּיִם Yeshaya 61:1, fpl. construct שְׁבֻיוֹת Breishis 31:26;—take captive:

with a direct object person, Bamidbar 24:22, Shmuel Alef 30:2; Melachim Beis 5:2; Melachim Beis 6:22 (+ ב instr.) Yirmiya 41:10^(×2) (but v Yirmiya 41:10 Giesebrecht reads וַיַּשְׁכֵּם, compare Septuagint Luc), v Yirmiya 41:14, Breishis 34:29, Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:8 (+ מִן particle), + 6 times; + Yirmiya 43:12 appar. with a direct object idols (but see supra; direct object of land Giesebrecht).

direct object חֵילוֹ Ovadia 1:11, הָֽרְכוּשׁ Divrei HaYamim Beis 21:17, cattle, etc., Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:21; Divrei HaYamim Beis 14:14.

pt. in periphrast. conjug. (לְשֹׁבֵיהֶם) וְהָיוּ שֹׁבִים Yeshaya 14:2; pt. c. with suffix = their captives, etc., Melachim Alef 8:46 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:36; Yeshaya 14:2; Yirmiya 50:33, + 5 times; pt. passive Yeshaya 61:1 = captives; כִּשְׁבֻיוֹת חָ֑רֶב Breishis 31:26 my daughters as captives of the sword.

with a direct object cogn. שְׁבִי Shoftim 5:12 lead captive thy captives, compare Tehillim 68:19 Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:17, so (+ מִן person) Bamidbar 21:1, and (direct object שִׁבְיָה) Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:5, Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:11; שׁ׳ שִׁבְיוֹ Devarim 21:10 = take him captive.

be taken captive: past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִשְׁבָּה, of man Breishis 14:14, of beast Shemos 22:9, of עֵדֶר י׳ Yirmiya 13:17; 3rd plural נִשְׁבּוּ, human subj. Shmuel Alef 30:3, Shmuel Alef 30:5; Melachim Alef 8:47 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:37; Yechezkel 6:9.

↗ original

שְׁבִי

noun (masc.) Yeshaya 49:24 captivity, captives (coll.);—שׁ׳ absolute Shemos 12:29 +, construct Ezra 2:1 +; שֶׁ֑בִי Bamidbar 21:1 +; with suffix שֶׁבְיְךָ Shoftim 5:12, שִׁבְיוֹ Devarim 21:10, שְׁבִיכֶם Bamidbar 31:19, etc.;—

= state of captivity, הָלַךְ בַּשְּׁ׳ Amos 9:4; Devarim 28:41; Nachum 3:10; Yirmiya 20:6; Yirmiya 22:22; Yirmiya 30:16 Yechezkel 12:11 (+ בַּגּוֹלָה), Yechezkel 30:17, Yechezkel 30:18; Yeshaya 46:2; Eicha 1:18, = הָלַךְ שְׁבִי v Eicha 1:5; בַּשְּׁבִי יָבִא Daniel 11:8; נָתַן בַּשְּׁ׳ Ezra 9:7, נָתַן לַשְּׁ׳ Tehillim 78:61, לֻקַּח בַּשֶּׁ֑בִי Yirmiya 48:46; וַאֲשֶׁר לַשְּׁבִי לַשֶּׁ֑בִי Yirmiya 15:2; Yirmiya 43:11, וְנָשֵׁינוּ בַּשְּׁ׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:9; בִּשְׁבִי instr. of judgment Daniel 11:33; אֶרֶץ שׁ׳ Yirmiya 30:10; 46:27;Yirmiya 30:16 Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:37, Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:38; phr. of deliverance (only Ezr Ne): נִשְׁאֲרוּ מִן־הַשְּׁ׳ Nechemia 1:2, compare v Nechemia 1:3, הַשָּׁבִים מִן־הַשְּׁ׳ Nechemia 8:17, הָעֹלִים מִשְּׁבִי הַגּוֹלָה Ezra 2:1 = Nechemia 7:6, הַבָּאִים מֵהַשְּׁ׳ Ezra 3:8; Ezra 8:35.

act of capture, עִם שׁ׳ סוּסֵיכֶם Amos 4:10 שִׂמְלַת שִׁבְיָהּ Devarim 21:13 that is garb in which she was captured (> others captivity in both: Amos 4:10 = your captive horses; Devarim 21:13 her captive’s garb).

= captives (coll.): Shemos 12:29, Bamidbar 31:12, Bamidbar 31:19, Bamidbar 31:26 (man and beast), Yeshaya 20:4 (‖ גָּלוּת), Yeshaya 49:24, Yeshaya 49:25 Chavakuk 1:9 + Yechezkel 32:9 Septuagint and elsewhere (see שֶׁבֶר ad fin.); appar. fs. Yeshaya 52:2 (but see שָׁבִי); object of שָׁבָה (q.see) Shoftim 5:12 (> שֹׁבֶיךָ Peshitta JDMich Wellhausen Budde Nowack), Bamidbar 21:1, Devarim 21:10 Tehillim 68:19; Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:17.

↗ original

שִׁבְיָה

noun (fem.) captivity, captives (coll.), compare שְׁבִי;—always absolute שׁ׳;—

state of captivity, Yirmiya 48:46 (of בָּנוֹת, ‖ שְׁבִי of בָּנִים); אֶרֶץ שׁ׳ Nechemia 3:36.

body of captives, Devarim 21:11; Devarim 32:42 (‖ חָלָל), Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:13, Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:14, Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:15; object of שָׁבָה, v ⁵ (שׁ׳ גדולה), הָשִׁיבוּ הַשּׁ׳ אֲשֶׁר שְׁבִיתֶם v ¹¹.

↗ original

שְׁבִית

noun (fem.) the same (√ שׁבה Septuagint Gesenius' Thesaurus Siegfried-Stade Preusschen^{journal ZAW xv (1895), 1 ff.} Krae Yechezkel 16:53; > √ שׁוב Ewald^{JBW v (1852–3), 216 f.; § 165 b} Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § ^{412, 417} Böttcher's Hebrew Grammar § 464 Kue ^{TTijdschr. vii. 519 ff.} Oort^{Ib. xiv. 157} Schwally^{journal ZAW viii (1888), 200} and elsewhere; Konig^{ii. 1, 166 f., 474; ii. 2. § 329 i} thinks deriv. of שׁבה and שׁוב are confused, compare Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 166 b);—absolute שְׁבִית Bamidbar 21:29; construct שְׁבוּת Hoshea 6:11 +, with suffix שְׁבוּתְךָ Devarim 30:3, שְׁבִיתְהֶן Yechezkel 16:53 (see below), שְׁבוּתֵיכֶם Tzefania 3:20 (read -תְכֶם Nowack G.A. Smith), etc. [Masoretic Text has שְׁבוּת, etc. 16 times, + Kesiv (שְׁבִית Keri) Tzefania 2:7 Tehillim 85:2; Tehillim 126:4 + Yechezkel 16:53 (Gi, but Baer שְׁבִיתְהֶן Kesiv et Keri, see his note), + Keri (Kesiv שׁבית) Yirmiya 29:14; Yirmiya 49:39; Yechezkel 16:53 b, c + v d (but < read וְשַׁבְתִּ֫י for וּשְׁב֯יו old versions commentaries), Eicha 2:14; Iyov 42:10; שְׁבִית Kesiv et Keri Bamidbar 21:29, שְׁבִיתַיִךְ Yechezkel 16:53 (but Co Krae שְׁבוּתֵךְ); שְׁבִית probably earlier Ewald's Hebrew Grammar §; ^{186 b} and elsewhere Tehillim 126:1 read probably שְׁבִית for שִׁיבַת];—

in cl. נָתַן בַּשִּׁבִית Bamidbar 21:29 give his daughters into captivity (or as captives, ‖ פְּלֵיטִם of sons, compare Yirmiya 48:46); compare (perhaps) Eicha 1:7 (see [מִשְׁבָּת] under שׁבת).

in phr. restore the captivity of, direct object after שׁוּב, הֵשִׁיב, י׳ subj. [verb Qal Devarim 30:3 + 15 times, + Yechezkel 16:53 Tehillim 126:1 (see above); Hiph. Yirmiya 32:44 + 5 times, + Qal Kesiv, Hiph. Keri, Yirmiya 33:26 + 2 times]:

of Isr. (or Judah) Hoshea 6:11 (Septuagint joins to Hoshea 7:1, so as gloss, Wellhausen Nowack), Tzefania 2:7; Tzefania 3:20; Devarim 30:3; Yirmiya 29:14; Yirmiya 30:3, Yirmiya 30:18 (שׁ׳ אָהֳלֵי יַעֲקֹב), Yirmiya 31:23; Yirmiya 32:44; Yirmiya 33:7^(×2), Yirmiya 33:11 (שׁ׳ הָאָרֶץ), v Yirmiya 33:26 Eicha 2:14 (subj. proph.), Yechezkel 16:53 a, c, d (on text see above), Yechezkel 39:25 Amos 9:14; Yoel 4:1 Tehillim 14:7 = Tehillim 53:7, Tehillim 85:2; Tehillim 126:1 (see above), v Tehillim 126:4.

of other nations Yirmiya 48:47 (compare v Yirmiya 48:46), Yirmiya 49:6, Yirmiya 49:39; Yechezkel 29:14 (compare v Yechezkel 29:13).

appar. in more generally sense, restore fortunes of Sodom Yechezkel 16:53 b (Krae, compare following).

restore fortunes of individuals, Iyov 42:10.

↗ original

שְׁבוֹ

n.[f.] a precious stone (relation to above √ doubtful; = Assyrian šubû; Septuagint Vulgate agate);—Shemos 28:19 = Shemos 39:12 (+ לֶשֶׁם, אַחְלָ֑מָה).

↗ original

שְׁבוּאֵל

proper name (masc.) son of Gershom Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:16; Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:24 (שְׁבֻ׳), = שׁוּבָאֵל Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:20^(×2), of Herman Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:4 = שׁוּבָאֵל v Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:20 (compare Benzinger on these lists).—Septuagint in all usually Σουβαηλ, SeptuagintL usually —βιηλ.

↗ original

שָׁבַח

verb Pi. soothe, still (Arabic سَبَخَ be free from care, etc., Jen^{ZA i (1886), 188; iv (1889), 268}, cp. Assyrian pašâḫu, grow calm, so Barth^{ES 9} Schulthess^Lex.);—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix יְשַׁבְּחֶ֑נָּה Mishlei 29:11 he stilleth it, that is רוּחוֹ his temper (Bi Toy read חָשַׁךְ אַפּוֹ); 2nd masculine singular with suffix תְּשַׁבְּחֵם Tehillim 89:10 thou stillest them, that is waves (‖ גֵּאוּת הַיָּם).

participle (בינוני) probably Mass error for Pi. מְשַׁבֵּחַ) מַשְׁבִּיחַ שְׁאוֹן יַמּים Tehillim 65:8 stilling the roar of the seas.

↗ original

שָׁבַח²

verb

laud, praise (late Aramaism, compare Aramaic (incl. Old Aramaic) שׁבח, ܫܒܚ, Pa. praise; see Schwally^{Idiot. 91} Schulthess^Lex.);—

laud, praise God (י׳): future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural with suffix יְשַׁבְּח֑וּנְךָ Tehillim 63:4 (‖ בֵּרַךְ); imperative (ציווי) fs. שַׁבְּחִי Tehillim 147:12, mpl. with suffix שַׁבְּח֫וּהוּ Tehillim 117:1 (both ‖ הִלֵּל); his works, future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְשַׁבַּח Tehillim 145:4 (‖ הִגִּיד).

commend, congratulate, the dead, infinitive (מקור) absolute שַׁבֵּחַ Koheles 4:2 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 113 gg; c. מִן comp.); mirth, as best thing, past (עבר) 1st singular שִׁבַּחְתִּי Koheles 8:15.

boast of (בְּ): infinitive (מקור) construct הִשְׁתַּבֵּחַ Tehillim 106:47 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:35, Septuagint (ἐλ)καυχᾶσθαι ἐν.

↗ original

שֵׁ֫בֶט

noun (masc.) ^{Bamidbar 24:17} (f. Yechezkel 21:15, Yechezkel 21:18 but corrupt): 1. rod, staff, club, sceptre. 2. tribe;—שׁ׳ absolute Breishis 49:10 +, construct Shmuel Alef 10:20 +; שָׁ֑בֶט Devarim 1:23 +; with suffix שִׁבְטוֹ Shoftim 21:24 +, etc.; plural שְׁבָטִים Melachim Alef 11:31 +, construct שִׁבְטֵי Breishis 49:16 +, with suffix שְׁבָטֶיךָ Devarim 12:14 +, etc.;—

rod, staff (evidently common article), for smiting (especially הִכָּה בַשּׁ׳) Shemos 21:20, Micha 4:14; Yeshaya 10:15 (in simile; ‖ מַטֶּה), Mishlei 10:13 +; שׁ׳ מוּסָר Mishlei 22:15, compare Mishlei 29:15; for beating (חָבַט) cummin Yeshaya 28:27 (‖ מַטֶּה); as (inferior) weapon (opposite חֲנִית Shmuel Beis 23:21 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:23 (compare מַקֵּל Shmuel Alef 17:40, Shmuel Alef 17:43); figuratively of י׳’s chastisement: national Yeshaya 10:24; Yeshaya 30:31 (both ‖ מַטֶּה), Yeshaya 14:29, שׁ׳ אַפִּי Yeshaya 10:5, שׁ׳ עֶבְרָתוֹ Eicha 3:1; individual Iyov 9:34; Iyov 21:9 (שׁ׳ אֱלוֹהַּ), Iyov 37:13, Shmuel Beis 7:14 (שׁ׳ אֲנָשִׁים, that is not in-human), Tehillim 89:33 (both ‖ נְנָעִים).

shaft, that is spear, dart, Shmuel Beis 18:14, but < read שְׁלָתִים, Septuagint βέλη, Th Wellhausen Kittel H.P. Smith Budde.

shepherd’s implement, club, Tehillim 23:4 (‖ מִשְׁעֶנֶת), רֶעֵה בְשׁ׳ Micha 7:14 (both figuratively of י׳); used in mustering or counting sheep Yechezkel 20:37 (figuratively), Vayikra 27:32 (compare Yirmiya 33:13), see Mackie^{Hast.DB rod}.

truncheon, sceptre, mark of authority, שׁ׳ סֹפֵר Shoftim 5:14, שׁ׳ מֹשְׁלִים Yeshaya 14:5 (‖ מַטֶּה), Breishis 49:10 (poem in J; ‖ מְחֹקֵק), Zecharia 10:11 Tehillim 45:7^(×2) Yechezkel 19:11, Yechezkel 19:14 (made from a branch, מַטֶּה); a ruler is תּוֹמֵךְ שׁ׳ Amos 1:5, Amos 1:8; as symbol of conquest Bamidbar 24:17; שׁ׳ בַּרְזֶל Tehillim 2:9 (of Mess. king); שׁ׳ הָרֶשַׁע Tehillim 125:3; שׁ׳ עֶבְרָתוֹ Mishlei 22:8 (si vera l., compare Frankenb. Toy).—Vid. מַטֶּה, מַקֵּל, מִשְׁעֶנֶת.

tribe (syn. מַטֶּה q.see 3, p. 641b), especially

of (12) tribes of Israel, Breishis 49:16, Breishis 49:28 (poem in J), Devarim 33:5 (poem), Shemos 24:4, + often [13 times, D 28 times (מַטֶּה not JED), P 9 times (compare Gray Bamidbar 4:18; מ׳ 150 times + in P); Ju 15 times (never מ׳) S 14 times (never מ׳), K 13 times (מ׳ 2 times), Chr 15 times (מ׳ 23 times), ψψ 7 times (never מ׳), proph. 16 times (מ׳ †Chavakuk 3:9, very doubtful)]; Shoftim 20:12; Shmuel Alef 9:21 read שֵׁבֶט (or שִׁבְטִי Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 90 1, Wellhausen Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 343 e Driver, for שִׁבְטֵי), old versions (G.F. Moore Ju); שִׁבְטֵי־יָהּ Tehillim 122:4; שִׁבְטֵי נַחֲלָתֶ֑ךָ Yeshaya 63:17.

singular of people (of Judah, late) Tehillim 74:2, but Yirmiya 10:16 = Yirmiya 51:9 del. שׁ׳ נ׳ Graf Giesebrecht Duhm

of subdivision of tribe, שׁ׳ מִשְׁפְּחוֹת וגו׳ Bamidbar 4:18.—Shmuel Beis 7:7 read שֹׁפְטֵי (compare v Shmuel Beis 7:11, ‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 17:6, Ewald Th Wellhausen Driver H.P. Smith Budde and elsewhere).

↗ original

שַׁרְבִֿיט

noun (masc.) sceptre (expanded from foregoing, Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 85 w);—only Est: absolute הַשּׁ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:2; construct שׁ׳ הַוָּהָב Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:11; Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:2; שַׁרְבִט הַוּ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:4.

↗ original

שְׁבָט

proper name mens. Sh^ebāṭ, 11th month (post-ex.) = Feb.–March; loan-word from Babylonian Šabâṭu (Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament Nechemia 1^(×2) Delitzsch^WB), Zecharia 1:7 (der. from šabâṭu, strike, kill, destroy (DlProl^{. 38; WB}), Lyon ^{Bib. Sacr. Apr. 1884, 384} Jen^{ZA iv (1889), 273} Muss-Arn^{JBL xi (1892), 171 f.} and elsewhere, as month of destroying rain; another conjecture in Zim^{Schrader's Keilinschriften 3. 594 n.}; this month called שבט also in Nabataean Palmyrene, see Lidzbarski SAC ¹¹¹).

↗ original

שְׁבִי²

see שׁכה.

↗ original

שֹׁ֫בֶל

n.[m.] flowing skirt, train;—absolute חֶשְׂפִּי־שׁ׳ Yeshaya 47:2 strip off (thy) train.

↗ original

שִׁבֹּ֫לֶת

noun (fem.) flowing stream;—שׁ׳ absolute Tehillim 69:3, as test of dialect Shoftim 12:6 (cf; סִבֹּלֶת and G.F. Moore); construct שׁ׳ מַיִם Tehillim 69:16, שׁ׳ הַנָּהָר Yeshaya 27:12.

↗ original

שׁוֹבָל

proper name (masc.)

Edomite name Breishis 36:20, Breishis 36:23, Breishis 36:29 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:38, Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:40.

in Caleb Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:50, Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:52.

in Judah Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:1, Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:2.—Σαβα(λ), Σουβαλ.

↗ original

שַׁבְּלוּל²

see בלל.

↗ original

שֶׁבְנָא

proper name (masc.) secretary and major-domo of Hezekiah; -נָא Yeshaya 22:15, Yeshaya 36:22; Yeshaya 37:2 = Melachim Beis 18:37; Melachim Beis 19:2; Yeshaya 36:3, Yeshaya 36:11 = -נָה Melachim Beis 18:18, Melachim Beis 18:26.—Σομνας.

↗ original

שֶׁ֫בַע

noun (masc.) et f. seven (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Mesha Inscription¹⁶ שבעת; Assyrian sibi, sibittu (Delitzsch^{Gratz. § 65, 6}; s = שׁ), Arabic سَبْعٌ, سَبْعَةٌ Sabean סבע Hom^{Chr 47, 124}, Ethiopic ሰብዑ: ሰብዐቱ: Phoenician (Pun.) שבע, Nabataean שבע, שבעה, Palmyrene שבעא, שבעה; Aramaic שִׁבְעָא,שְׁבַע, ܫܒܰܥ, ܫܰܒܥܳܐ; on etym. compare Lagarde^{BN 37 f.});—m. (c. noun (fem.)) absolute שֶׁבַע Breishis 41:2 + 115 times; construct שְׁבַע Breishis 5:26 + 47 times, especially P (15 times) and Chr (20 times), וּשֲׁבַע Melachim Alef 14:21. f. (c. noun (masc.)) absolute שִׁבְעָה Breishis 4:24 + 100 times; construct שִׁבְעַת Breishis 7:10 + 120 times; with suffix שְׁבַעְתָּם Shmuel Beis 21:9 Keri (so old versions and mod.; see Driver; > Kesiv שִׁבְעָתַיִם);—seven:

without other num.:

שֶׁבַע, before n.fpl. Breishis 21:28, Shoftim 16:13; Yeshaya 4:1 + 80 times, especially שׁ׳ שָׁנִים Breishis 29:18 + 32 times (but read שׁלוֹשׁ for שֶׁבַע Shmuel Beis 24:13, compare v b, c, also Septuagint and ‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:12; so Th Wellhausen Driver Budde H.P. Smith Nowack), שׁ׳ פְּעָמִים Breishis 33:3, Vayikra 4:6 + 17 times; שׁ׳ בָּאַמָּה רָחְבָּתּ Melachim Alef 6:6; after noun Yechezkel 40:20, Yechezkel 40:26; n. om. Iyov 5:19; Mishlei 6:16, + (= שׁ׳ פְּעָמִים) Vayikra 26:18, Vayikra 26:21, Vayikra 26:24, Vayikra 26:28, Tehillim 119:164 Mishlei 24:16.

שִׁבְעָה, before n.mpl. Bamidbar 23:1^(×3) + 40 times + Iyov 42:13 (read שׁ׳ for שִׁבְעָ֫נָה Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 97 c and most); + (distrib.) שׁ׳ וְשׁ׳ Zecharia 4:2; after n. Breishis 7:4, Shemos 25:37 + 12 times (P Ch Dn Pr); n. om. Shmuel Alef 2:5 + 9 times, incl. שׁ׳ as ordinal, see below; but read שְׂבָכָה for שִׁבְעָה Melachim Alef 7:17^(×2) Septuagint Th Kmp Klostermann Benzinger Kittel Bur; also שׁ׳ שׁ׳ distrib. = 7 each Breishis 7:2, Breishis 7:3; as pred. Breishis 46:25.

שִׁבְעַת, before n.plural Bamidbar 23:4, Bamidbar 8:2, Yechezkel 45:23^(×2); Iyov 2:13^(×2) + 97 times, incl. שׁ׳ יָמִים Breishis 8:10, + 88 times + Yechezkel 45:21 (read שִׁבְעַת for שְׁבֻעוֹת, old versions and mod.).

= ordinal, שְׁנַת (הַ)שֶּׁבַע Devarim 15:9; Melachim Beis 12:2 + 3 times, בְּשִׁבְעָה לַחֹדֶשׁ Yechezkel 30:20, compare Yechezkel 45:20; לְשִׁבְעַת הַיָּמִים Breishis 7:10, Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:25.

שְׁבַע עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה 17 years Breishis 37:2 + 3 times + Melachim Alef 14:21 (וּשְׁבַע וגו׳), also as ordin. בִּשְׁנַת שׁ׳ עֶשׂ׳ Melachim Alef 22:52, בִּשְׁנַת שׁ׳ עֶשׂ׳ שָׁנָה Melachim Beis 16:1.

שִׁבְעָה עֶשָׂר (sc. הַגּוֹרָל lot) Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:15; Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:24 (compare also, + other num., Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:11 Ezra 2:39 Nechemia 7:41), + יוֹם 17th day Breishis 7:11; Breishis 8:4; unusual is שׁ׳ שְׁקָלִים וַעֲשָׂרָה הַכֶּסֶף Yirmiya 32:9 7 shekels and 10 the silver.

שְׁבַע מֵאוֹת = 700 Shoftim 8:26 + 39 times (but Nechemia 7:67 om. Mass. Baer Gi q.see).

שִׁבְעָה אֶלֶף = 7000 Melachim Alef 20:30 + 2 times; שִׁבְעַת אֲלָפִים = the same Melachim Alef 20:15 + 15 times; 57,000 is 7 + 50 × 1000 Bamidbar 1:31; Bamidbar 2:8, Bamidbar 2:31.

שׁ׳ + other num.:

שׁ׳ follows 18 times: (1) n. s. after שׁ׳ Shoftim 8:14; also, (= ord. num.) Yechezkel 29:17 + 2 times, שְׁנַת שְׁלשִׁים וָשׁ׳ שָׁנָה Melachim Beis 13:10, compare Melachim Beis 15:1; (2) n.plural before other num. Ezra 8:35; Nechemia 7:[Nechemia 7:71], Nechemia 7:70; (3) n. s. construct precedes בִּשְׁנַת עֶשְׂרִים רָשׁ׳ Melachim Alef 16:10, Melachim Alef 16:15 (ordin.); (4) n. after each num. Breishis 23:1; Breishis 25:17 (both P), etc.

שׁ׳ precedes 10 times (P and Est): (1) n. s. after other num. Breishis 8:14; Shemos 6:16, Shemos 6:20 + 3 times Est; (2) n. repeated Breishis 5:7; Breishis 11:21; Breishis 47:28, compare Breishis 5:25, Breishis 5:31

1000 + 17 Ezra 2:39 = Nechemia 7:41.—שׁ׳ often c. sacred signif.: Breishis 21:28, Shemos 37:23 Vayikra 4:6, Vayikra 4:17; Vayikra 8:11; Vayikra 14:27 +; as round number Breishis 4:24 (song in J), Breishis 29:18; Breishis 31:23; Breishis 41:2 (all E), etc.; on bowing 7 times Breishis 33:3 (J; in great humility), compare Winckler^{TelAm. nos. 143, 230, 246} Ne^{Mar. 11 f.}; all these probably originating with week of seven days; compare especially Konig^{Hast.DB number, 562 f., 565}.

↗ original

שִׁבְעָה

noun (fem.) pr. putei, Breishis 26:33; Ὅρκος; (explanation of name בְּאֵר שֶׁבַע.)

↗ original

שִׁבְעִים

n.plural seventy (irreg. plural of שֶׁבַע Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 97 f. R. 1);—not decl.:—seventy (often as round no., compare Konig^{Hast.DB number, 563 a}):

without other no.:

before n. s. year Breishis 5:12 + 12 times, man Shoftim 9:2 Bamidbar 11:25 + 7 times, shekel Bamidbar 7:13 + 11 times, other n. 5 times

before n.plural kings Shoftim 1:7, sons Shoftim 8:30; Shoftim 9:24; Melachim Beis 10:1, brothers Shoftim 9:56, asses Shoftim 12:14, palms Shemos 15:27; Bamidbar 33:9, males Ezra 8:7,Ezra 8:14.

after n. coll. (בָּקָר) Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:32, n.plural Daniel 9:24.

pred. Breishis 46:27.

n. om. Shemos 24:1, Shemos 24:9 (man), Bamidbar 7:85 (shekel), compare Shoftim 9:4

שׁ׳ אֶלֶף = 70,000 Shmuel Beis 24:15 + 6 times.

+ other num.:

+ unit + n. s. Shoftim 8:14; n. om. 70 + 7 (times) Breishis 4:24, compare Ezra 2:40 = Nechemia 7:42, so 2 + 70 Bamidbar 31:38; n.plural + 70 + 7 Ezra 8:35; Ezra 8:5 years + 70 year Breishis 12:4.

5 + 70 × 1000 (man) Esther 9:16, compare Bamidbar 2:4; Bamidbar 3:43; Bamidbar 26:32; 2 + 70 × 1000 Bamidbar 31:33 (בָּקָר precedes); 70 man, 50 × 1000 man Shmuel Alef 6:19; Shmuel Alef 6:7 + 70 year + 7 × 100 year Breishis 5:31; n. om. 3 + 70 + 200 Bamidbar 3:46.

70 following hundreds: 70 year + 5 years Breishis 25:7, and (n. om.) 70 + 2 Ezra 2:3, Ezra 2:4 = Nechemia 7:8, Nechemia 7:9, Nechemia 11:19; + 3 Ezra 2:36 Nechemia 7:38; Nechemia 7:5 + 70 Ezra 2:5.

1000 + 7 × 100 + 5 + 70 shekel Shemos 38:25 and (n. om.) v Shemos 38:28.

↗ original

שְׁבִיעִי

m. שְׁבִיעִית f.₉₇ adjective num. ord. seventh;—m. שְׁבִיעִי Breishis 2:2 +, שְׁבִעִי Shemos 12:15 +; f. שְׁבִיעִית Yehoshua 6:16 +, -עִת Shemos 23:11 +, שְׁבִעִת Shemos 21:2, -עִית Melachim Alef 18:44; Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:1;—seventh, especially P; always c. art.:

m. 7th day Breishis 2:3 + 47 times; month (חֹדֶשׁ) Breishis 8:4 + 23 times + (n. om.) Yechezkel 45:25 + 3 times; lot (הַגּוֹרָל) Yehoshua 19:40 + (n. om.) Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:10; Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:14; n. om. also Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:15; Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:3, Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:5 (son), Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:11 (man), Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:10 (captain).

f. 7th year, Melachim Beis 11:4 + 7 times + (n. om.) Shemos 21:2; Shemos 23:11, also שְׁנַת הַשְּׁבִיעִית (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 134 p) Ezra 7:8; sabbath Vayikra 23:16; time (פַּעַם) Yehoshua 6:16 + (n. om.) Melachim Alef 18:44.

↗ original

שִׁבְעָתַ֫יִם

noun (fem.) dual seven-fold, seven times (compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) §§ 97 h, 134 r);—

2, Yeshaya 30:26; Mishlei 6:31; as adverb Breishis 4:15, Breishis 4:24 Tehillim 79:12.

seven times, adverb Tehillim 12:7.—Shmuel Beis 21:9 read Keri שְׁבַעְתָּם see i. שֶׁבַע.

↗ original

שָׁבוּעַ

noun (masc.) ^{Daniel 9:27} period of seven (days, years), heptad, week (on format. see Lagarde^{BN 67});—absolute שׁ׳ Daniel 9:27^(×2); construct שְׁבֻעַ Breishis 29:27, Breishis 29:28; dual שְׁבֻעַיִם Vayikra 12:5; plural שָֽׁבֻע(וֹ)ת Shemos 34:22 + 4 times Dt + (in term. techn.) Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:13; late שָֽׁבֻעִים Daniel 9:24 + 4 times Dn; construct שְׁבֻעֹת Yirmiya 5:24 (Yechezkel 45:21 read שִׁבְעַת with old versions and all mod., see שֶׁבַע); with suffix שָׁבֻעֹתֵיכֶם Bamidbar 28:26;—

period of seven days (from a given time), week: Devarim 16:9^(×2); Vayikra 12:5; of marriage feast Breishis 29:27, Breishis 29:28 (E; compare Shoftim 14:12 Tob 11:19); שָׁבֻעִים יָמִים Daniel 10:2, Daniel 10:3 three weeks, days (three weeks long); שׁ׳ חֻקּוֹת קָצִיר Yirmiya 5:24 weeks of statutes (that is weeks appointed by י׳) for harvest; term. techn. חַג שָֽׁבֻעֹת Shemos 34:22 feast of weeks (ending seven weeks of harvest), Devarim 16:10, Devarim 16:16, Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:13, so שׁ׳ alone Bamidbar 28:26.

heptad or seven of years, late, Daniel 9:24, Daniel 9:25, Daniel 9:26, Daniel 9:27^(×2).—שְׁבֻעֵי שְׁבֻעוֹת Yechezkel 21:28 see [שָׁבַע].

↗ original

שָׁבַע

verb swear (probably, so to say, seven oneself, or bind oneself by seven things, compare Gesenius' Thesaurus (as altern.), Gerb ^{108 ff.}; Mishnaic Hebrew Niph. = Biblical Hebrew; Targum שְׁבַע Ithpe. Aph.; see also Driver Breishis 21:28 Konig^{Hast.DB number, 565} Robertson Smith^{Sem. i. 166, 2nd ed., 182} Wellhausen ^{Reste ArabicHeid. 2, 186});—

(according to Gesenius' Thesaurus Robinson Gesenius) participle (בינוני) passive שְׁבֻעֵי שְׁבֻעוֹת Yechezkel 21:28 those sworn with (= who have sworn) oaths; both from שְׁבוּעָה, according to Krae, oaths of oaths (the most sacred); Septuagint Peshitta Co om.; both from שָׁבוּעַ, Ewald Smend שׁ׳ שָׁ׳ weeks on weeks (plenty of time).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִשְׁבַּע Breishis 24:7 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשָּׁבַע Vayikra 5:24 +, וַיִּשָּׁ֫בַע Breishis 24:9 +; 2nd masculine singular תִּשָּׁבִ֑עַ Devarim 6:13; Devarim 10:20; 1st singular אִשָּׁב֑עַ Breishis 21:24, וָאֶשָּׁ֫בַע Melachim Alef 2:8; Yechezkel 16:8, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. הִשָּֽׁבְעָה Breishis 21:23 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute הִשָּׁבַע Bamidbar 30:3, הִשָּׁבֵעַ Yirmiya 7:9; construct הִשָּׁבֵעַ Yirmiya 12:16^(×2) + Shmuel Alef 20:17 see infra; participle (בינוני) נִשְׁבָּע Zecharia 5:3 +, etc.;—swear, take an oath:

subj. man:

in asseveration, absolute Breishis 21:24, Breishis 21:31, Shoftim 21:1, Shoftim 21:18; Shmuel Beis 21:2 +; also followed by וַיֹּאמֶר Shmuel Alef 20:3; Melachim Alef 1:29, followed by לֵאמֹר Shmuel Beis 3:35; Yehoshua 14:9; with a direct object cogn. Bamidbar 30:3 (P; ‖ נָדַר); + לַשֶּׁקֶר Yirmiya 5:2; Yirmiya 7:9; Vayikra 5:24 (P; + עַל rei), Malachi 3:5; + על־שׁ׳ Vayikra 5:22; + לְמִרְמָה Tehillim 24:4; followed by inf. Vayikra 5:4, Tehillim 15:4; Tehillim 119:106; + ל person take an oath to, Yehoshua 6:22, Yehoshua 9:20 (P; direct object cogn.) Breishis 24:9 (+ עַל־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה) +, so also Shmuel Alef 20:17 (read לְהִשָּׁבֵעַ אֶל־ for לְהַשְׁבְּיעַ אֶת־, Septuagint Vulgate Th Wellhausen Driver and elsewhere); oath of allegiance (לי׳) Yeshaya 19:18; Yeshaya 45:23 Tzefania 1:5; Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:14, compare (absolute) v Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:15 (Yehoshua 23:7 see Hiph.); also followed by וַיֹּאמֶר Melachim Beis 25:24; followed by לֵאמֹר Shmuel Beis 21:17; Melachim Alef 1:13; Yirmiya 40:9; followed by פֶּן = that not Shoftim 15:12, followed by אִם = the same Melachim Alef 1:51; + אֶל person followed by לֵאמֹר Yirmiya 38:16; + בי׳ by י׳, followed by inf. Shoftim 21:7; + בְּשֵׁם י׳ Shmuel Alef 20:42; Yeshaya 48:1, compare Breishis 31:53, Devarim 6:13; Devarim 10:20; Yirmiya 12:16 (+ חַי־י׳), Yeshaya 65:16; Zecharia 5:4 (לַשָּׁ֑קְר), Vayikra 19:12 (the same), Tehillim 63:12; Daniel 12:7; + בי׳ followed by אִם Shmuel Beis 19:8; + ל person c. בי׳ Yehoshua 9:18, Yehoshua 9:19 (P; pledge faith), followed by לֵאמֹר Shmuel Alef 28:10; Melachim Alef 1:30; Melachim Alef 2:8, Melachim Alef 2:23, followed by כִּי of object cl. Yehoshua 2:12, Melachim Alef 1:17; + ל person c. בא׳, followed by אִם Breishis 21:23, Shmuel Alef 30:15; as verb of quotation + object חַי־י׳ Hoshea 4:15 Yirmiya 4:2; Shmuel Alef 19:6 (+ אִם), + אִם in orat. recta Tehillim 132:2 (‖ נָדַר); also + בְּלֹא אֱלֹהִים Yirmiya 5:7, בַּבָּ֑עַל Yirmiya 12:16, בְּמַלְכָּם Tzefania 1:5, compare Amos 8:14 (+ וְאָמַר).

imprecate, curse, בִּ׳ by me Tehillim 102:9 (compare שְׁבוּעָה 1 b, קְלָלָה).

subj. י׳: swear, c. בִּי by myself Breishis 22:16, Yirmiya 22:5 (cl. כִּי), Yirmiya 49:13 (the same), Yeshaya 45:23 (the same), c. בְּקָדְשׁוֹ Amos 4:2 (the same), compare Tehillim 89:36 (‖ אִם אֲכַזֵּב), compare also Amos 6:8; Amos 8:7; Yirmiya 44:26; Yirmiya 51:14; Yeshaya 62:8; swear, followed by inf. Devarim 1:35; Devarim 4:21; Yehoshua 21:41 (van d. H. Baer; v Yehoshua 21:43 Gi), followed by מִן inf. = not to Yeshaya 54:9^(×2), followed by אִם Tehillim 95:11, followed by לֵאמֹר Devarim 1:34; Yeshaya 14:24; Bamidbar 32:10; followed by orat. recta Tehillim 110:4; c. ל person take an oath to, Breishis 24:7, Shemos 13:11, Devarim 2:14 + 7 times Dt. (direct object cogn. Devarim 7:8; Devarim 9:5), Yechezkel 16:8 (‖ בּוֹא בִבְרִית), Tehillim 89:4 (‖ כָּרַת בְּרִית), v Tehillim 89:50 (בֶּאֱמוּנָתֶ֑ךָ), +; ל person + inf. (usually to give land) Shemos 13:5, Devarim 1:8 + 9 times Dt, Yehoshua 1:6; Yehoshua 5:6^(×2) (all R^D), Yirmiya 11:5 (+ direct object cogn.), Yirmiya 32:22; ל person + direct object rei (usually land) = promise by oath to Breishis 50:24; Shemos 33:1; Bamidbar 11:12 (all J), Bamidbar 14:16, Bamidbar 11:23, Bamidbar 32:11, Shoftim 2:1; Micha 7:20; Devarim 6:18 + 8 times Dt (object covenant Devarim 4:31; Devarim 8:18); ל person om. Devarim 31:21.

Perf. 3rd masculine singular הִשְׁבִּיעַ Shemos 13:19 + 1st singular הִשְׁבַּעְתִּי Shir HaShirim 2:7 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיַּשְׁבַּע Breishis 50:25 + with suffix וַיַּשְׁבִּעֵנִי Breishis 24:37, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַשְׁבֵּעַ Shemos 13:19; Shmuel Alef 14:28; construct הַשְׁבִּיעַ Shmuel Alef 14:27 (Shmuel Alef 20:17 see Niph.); participle (בינוני) with suffix מַשְׁבִּיעֶ֑ךָ Melachim Alef 22:16 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:15;—

cause to take an oath, subj. always man: with a direct object person Breishis 50:6, Shmuel Alef 14:27; Melachim Alef 18:10; Melachim Beis 11:4, + direct object cogn. Yehoshua 2:17, Yehoshua 2:20, + לֵאמֹר Breishis 24:37; Breishis 50:5 (both J), v Breishis 50:25, Yehoshua 6:26 (J; direct object person om.), so (infinitive (מקור) absolute + past (עבר)) Shemos 13:19, Shmuel Alef 14:28, + וְאָמַר Bamidbar 5:19 and (with a direct object cogn.) v Bamidbar 5:21 (both P), + inf. cl. Nechemia 5:12; Ezra 10:5; + בי׳ by י׳ Breishis 24:3 (J; cl. אֲשֶׁר), Melachim Alef 2:42 (‖ וָאָעִד בְּךָ, + לֵאמֹר), compare Yehoshua 23:7 (R^D; but read perhaps Niph. תִּשָּֽׁבְעוּ Gratz and elsewhere; Septuagint del.), Nechemia 13:25 (cl. אִם, orat. recta), Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:13.

adjure, with a direct object person Melachim Alef 22:16 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:15 (both + cl. אֲשֶׁר); elsewhere only Ct: Shir HaShirim 5:9, c. cl. מַה־ interrog. v Shir HaShirim 5:8, c. cl. אִם that not Shir HaShirim 2:7; Shir HaShirim 3:5 (both + ב of oath), = cl. מַה־ Shir HaShirim 8:4 (see מָה 2 a (b)).—Shmuel Alef 20:17 see Niph.

↗ original

שֶׁ֫בַע²

proper name (masc.)

in Benj., בֶּן־בִּכְרִי Shmuel Beis 20:1, Shmuel Beis 20:2, Shmuel Beis 20:6, Shmuel Beis 20:7, Shmuel Beis 20:10, Shmuel Beis 20:13, Shmuel Beis 20:21, Shmuel Beis 20:22; Σαβεε.

in Gad Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:13; Σεβεε, A Σωβαφε, SeptuagintL Σαβεε.

↗ original

שֶׁבַע

si vera l. proper name (place) in Simeon, בְּאֵר־שֶׁבַע וְשֶׁבַע Yehoshua 19:2; Σαμαα, SeptuagintL Σαβε; probably del. וְשׁ׳ Dillmann and elsewhere (om. ‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:23).—בְּאֵר שׁ׳ see p. 92and

↗ original

שֶׁבַע²

see in cpds. אֱלִישֶׁבַע, (בַּת־שֶׁבַע), יְהוֹשֶׁבַע.

↗ original

שְׁבוּעָה

noun (fem.) (Yehoshua 2:17 read הַזּה Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 116}) oath, curse;—absolute שְׁבוּ׳ Yehoshua 9:20 +, שְׁבֻ׳ Breishis 26:3 +; construct שְׁבֻעַת Shemos 22:10 +; with suffix שְׁבֻעָתִי Breishis 24:8, etc.; plural שְׁבֻעוֹת absolute Yechezkel 21:28, construct Chavakuk 3:9 [Yirmiya 5:24 Yechezkel 45:21 see שָׁבוּעַ];—oath [as direct object cogn. c. הִשָּׁבַע etc. Bamidbar 30:3 + (in rel. cl.) 5 times]:

of man:

attesting innocence Shemos 22:10, friendship Shmuel Beis 21:7, promise Melachim Alef 2:43 (after שָׁמַר keep; all שְׁבֻעַת י׳ oath to י׳); innocence also Bamidbar 5:21 a; friendship Nechemia 6:18 (בַּעֲלֵי שׁ׳ לוֹ), promise Vayikra 5:4; of vow (‖ נדר) Bamidbar 30:3, Bamidbar 30:11, Bamidbar 30:14 (שְׁבֻעַת אִסָּר), Yehoshua 9:20 (all P), Nechemia 10:30 (‖ אָלָה), Koheles 9:2, of covenant with י׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:15, שְׁבוּעַת אֱלֹהִים Koheles 8:2 (probably of oath of allegiance to king), שְׁבֻעַת שֶׁקֶר Zecharia 8:17; of threat Shoftim 21:5; Shmuel Alef 14:26 (Septuagint שְׁבֻעַת י׳); keep, discharge the oath is הֵקִים הַשּׁ׳ Breishis 26:3, Yirmiya 11:5; נָקָה מִשּׁ׳ be free, exempt from an oath Breishis 24:8, compare Yehoshua 2:17, Yehoshua 2:20

= curse, Yeshaya 65:15 and (‖ אָלָה) Bamidbar 5:21, Daniel 9:11.

oath of י׳, in promise, Devarim 7:8 (שָׁמַר in rel. cl.), ‖ covenant (בְּרִית), שְׁבוּעָתוֹ לְיִצְחָק Tehillim 105:9 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:16.—שְׁבֻעוֹת מַטּוֹת Chavakuk 3:9 very doubtful: Authorized Version oaths of the tribes; oaths, rods of the word, Hitzig-St.; sworn (pt. passive שָׁבַע) were the rods (= chastisements) of (thy) word, Gesenius Hitzig Revised Version margin; heptads of spears Ewald, compare Davidson; text probably currupt, Nowack proposes (אַשְׁפָּֽתְךָ) שִׂבַּעְתָּ מַטּוֹת thou hast sated with shafts thy quiver; Marti (after Septuagint^Codd.) thy bow was satiated with shafts Yechezkel 21:28 see √.

↗ original

שׁוֹבֵק

proper name (masc.) one of those sealed Nechemia 10:25; Σωβηκ, SeptuagintL Σωβειρ.

↗ original

שָׁבַר

verb break, break in pieces (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Sabean תֿבר break, destroy D.H. Müller^{Hof.Mus., no. 1(×2). 26} Mordtm^{HI 74}; Arabic ثَبَرَ restrain, destroy; Aramaic תְּבַר, ܬܒܰܪ: Assyrian šabâru, break, break in pieces; Ethiopic ሰበረ: break);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Melachim Alef 13:28; Yeshaya 14:5, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁבֹּר Yirmiya 19:11, -בּוֹר Yeshaya 42:3; 3rd feminine singular תִּשְׁבָּר־ Mishlei 25:15, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שְׁבֹר Tehillim 10:15, with suffix שָׁבְרֵם Yirmiya 17:18; infinitive (מקור) construct לִשְׁבֹּר Breishis 19:9 + 2 times, שְׁבוֹר Yirmiya 28:12; participle (בינוני) active שֹׁבֵר Yechezkel 4:16 + 2 times; passive שָׁבוּר Vayikra 22:22, plural construct שְׁבוּרֵי Tehillim 147:3;—break, literally, object earthen vessel Shoftim 7:20 Vayikra 11:33, Yirmiya 19:11 (in simile), compare v Yirmiya 19:11 Yirmiya 48:38; Yeshaya 30:14, flask Yirmiya 19:10, gate-bar Amos 1:5 (in metaphorically), bow Hoshea 1:5; Yirmiya 49:35, and sword Hoshea 2:20 (מִן־הָאָרֶץ), bone of lamb Shemos 12:46; Bamidbar 9:12, and (in metaphorically) Mishlei 25:15, compare שָׁבוּר that is fractured of limb Vayikra 22:22, yoke Yirmiya 28:10, Yirmiya 28:12, Yirmiya 28:13, and, in metaphorically, of deliverance (י׳ subj.) v Yirmiya 28:2, Yirmiya 28:4, Yirmiya 28:11; Yirmiya 38:8 (c. מֵעַל), + 4 times, of rebellion Yirmiya 2:20; Yirmiya 5:5, so staff Yeshaya 14:5 + 5 times, reed Yeshaya 42:3, arm of Pharoah Yechezkel 30:21, Yechezkel 30:22, Yechezkel 30:24 compare Tehillim 10:15; trees (subj. thunder) Tehillim 29:5; break in, down, door Breishis 19:9; rend violently (of lion), man Melachim Alef 13:26, ass v Melachim Alef 13:28; wreck Tyre (as ship) Yechezkel 27:26; figuratively break pride Vayikra 26:19; crush (figuratively) Yeshaya 14:25 (compare Yirmiya 48:28 above), Eicha 1:15; Daniel 11:26; מִשְׁנֶה שִׁבָּרוֹן שׁ׳ Yirmiya 17:18; break, rupture, heart (figuratively) Tehillim 69:21 + Yechezkel 6:9 (see Niph. ad fin.), שְׁבוּרֵי לֵב Tehillim 147:3; וָאֶשְׁבֹּר עָלָיו חֻקִּי Iyov 38:10 broke for it my boundary, of sea, ref. to abrupt ending of mainland; = quench thirst (frangere sitim) Tehillim 104:11.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִשְׁבַּר Shemos 22:9 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשָּׁבֵר Vayikra 6:21 +, 3rd feminine singular וְתִשָּׁ֫בֶר Koheles 12:6, 2nd masculine singular תִּשָּׁבֵר Yechezkel 29:7, -בַר֥ Yechezkel 32:28, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct הִשָּׁבֵר Yonah 1:4; participle (בינוני) נִשְׁבָּר Tehillim 51:19, fs. נִשְׁבָּרָה v Tehillim 51:19, נִשְׁבֶּ֫רֶת Yechezkel 27:34 +, etc.;—be broken, of neck Shmuel Alef 4:18, bones Tehillim 34:21, gate-bars Yirmiya 51:30, rod (in figuratively) Yeshaya 14:21; Yirmiya 48:17, idols Yechezkel 6:4, Yechezkel 6:6, horn Daniel 8:8, compare v Daniel 8:22, arm Iyov 31:22 (מִקָּנָה), and (in metaphorically) Yirmiya 48:25; Iyov 38:15 Tehillim 37:17, compare Yechezkel 30:22, bough Yechezkel 31:12; Yeshaya 27:11, compare (figuratively) of wickedness, like a tree Iyov 24:20, other things Tehillim 37:15 Yirmiya 50:23; Yechezkel 29:17 Tehillim 124:7; cisterns Yirmiya 2:13 (the same), pottery Vayikra 6:21; Vayikra 15:12, Koheles 12:6 (in figuratively); = be maimed, crippled (have limb broken), of animal Shemos 22:9, Shemos 22:13, and (figuratively) Yechezkel 34:4, Yechezkel 34:16; Zecharia 11:16, so (figuratively of men stumbling) Yeshaya 8:15; Yeshaya 28:13; be wrecked, of ships Melachim Alef 22:49 (read Keri נִשְׁבְּרוּ), ‖ Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:37, Yonah 1:4, metaphorically of Tyre Yechezkel 27:34; figuratively be crushed, destroyed (person, warriors, kingdoms, etc.), Yirmiya 14:17; Yirmiya 22:20; Yirmiya 48:4; Yirmiya 51:8 + 10 times; figuratively be broken, of heart †Yirmiya 23:9; Yeshaya 61:1 Tehillim 34:19; Tehillim 51:19, compare רוּחַ נִשׁ׳ v Tehillim 51:19.—Yechezkel 6:9 read probably וְשָֽׁבְרְתִּ֫י (Wellhausen Smend Berthol Toy Krae); Co בְּשָׁבְרִי.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שִׁבַּר Yeshaya 21:9 +, שִׁבֵּ֑ר Shemos 9:25, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְשַׁבֵּר ψ; Tehillim 46:10 +, 2nd masculine plural תְּשַׁבֵּר֑וּן Shemos 34:13, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute שַׁבֵּר Shemos 23:24; participle (בינוני) מְשַׁבֵּר Melachim Alef 19:11;—shatter, break, tablets Shemos 32:19, Shemos 34:1, Devarim 9:17; Devarim 10:2; מַצֵּבוֹת Shemos 23:24 (E; + infinitive (מקור) absolute), Shemos 34:13 + 7 times; images Melachim Beis 11:18 + 3 times; bronze sea, etc., Melachim Beis 25:13 = Yirmiya 52:17; horns Daniel 8:7; jaws Iyov 29:17 (in figuratively); of hail shattering trees Shemos 9:25, compare Melachim Alef 19:11; elsewhere subj. י׳, shattering gate-bars, etc., weapons Yeshaya 45:2; Yeshaya 38:13; Eicha 2:9; Eicha 3:4 Tehillim 46:10; Tehillim 76:4; Tehillim 107:16, trees Tehillim 29:5; Tehillim 105:33, heads of תַּנִּינִים Tehillim 74:13; wrecking ships Tehillim 48:8.

cause to break out, that is bring to the birth, future (עתיד) 1st singular הַאֲנִי אַשְׁבִּיר וְלֹא אוֹלִיד Yeshaya 66:9 (י׳ subj.; compare מַשְׁבֵּר below).

be broken, shattered (in heart), past (עבר) 1st singular עַל־שֶׁבֶר בַּת־עַמִּי הָשְׁבַּ֑רְתִּי Yirmiya 8:21.

↗ original

שֶׁ֫בֶר

noun (masc.) ^{Yirmiya 4:5} breaking, fracture, crushing, breach, crash;—absolute שֶׁבֶר Yeshaya 51:19 +, שָׁ֑בֶר Eicha 3:47; Mishlei 17;Mishlei 19, construct שֶׁבֶר Yeshaya 1:28 +, שֵׁבֶר Amos 6:6 +; with suffix שִׁבְרִי Yirmiya 10:19, etc.; plural שְׁבָרִים Yehoshua 7:5 Iyov 41:17 (doubtful, see below), with suffix שְׁכָרֶיהָ Tehillim 60:4;—

breaking of pottery Yeshaya 30:14, fracture of member, limb Vayikra 21:19; Vayikra 24:20, especially figuratively of people personif. שׁ׳ יוֹסֵף Amos 6:6, compare Yeshaya 30:26 (‖ מַחַץ מַכָּתוֹ), Yirmiya 8:21; Yirmiya 10:19; Yirmiya 14:17; Yirmiya 30:12 (‖ מַכָּה), v Yirmiya 30:15 (‖ מַכְאֹב), Eicha 2:11; Eicha 3:48; Eicha 4:10, also (c. רפא, רפה heal) Yirmiya 6:14; Yirmiya 8:11 Eicha 2:13 Tehillim 60:4, compare Nachum 3:19; of sinners Yeshaya 1:28; shattering, crushing, of wall (in figuratively) Yeshaya 30:13; שׁ׳ גָּדוֹל (‖ רָעָה) Yirmiya 4:6; Yirmiya 6:1, שׁ׳ עַל־שׁ׳ Yirmiya 4:20; שֹׁד וָשׁ׳ Yeshaya 59:7; Yeshaya 60:18; Yirmiya 48:3, compare Yeshaya 51:19; הַשֵּׁאת וְהַשּׁ׳ Eicha 3:47; זַעֲקַת שׁ׳ Yeshaya 15:5, compare Yirmiya 48:5; of individ. Mishlei 16:18; Mishlei 17:19; Mishlei 18:12; figuratively, שׁ׳ רוּחַ of spirit Yeshaya 65:14, compare Mishlei 15:4; so (רוּחַ om.) מִשְּׁבָרִים Iyov 41:17 from terror, Dillmann De, compare Bi, but doubtful; Buhl Budde conjunction מִשְׁבְּרֵי יָם, Giesebrecht מִשִּׁנָּיו גִּבֹּרִים, Duhm מִשְׁמָרִים.

crashing, Tzefania 1:10 (‖ קוֹל צְעָקָה, יְלָלָה), Yirmiya 50:22 (‖ מִלְחָמָה), Yirmiya 51:54 (‖ קוֹל זְעָקָה).

breaking of a dream, that is its interpretation (solution of mystery) Shoftim 7:15 (compare G.F. Moore).

הַשְּׁבָרִים Yehoshua 7:5, perhaps (Dillmann Benn Steuern) the quarries, as proper name (place), Vulgate Sabarim (< Septuagint Peshitta Targum הִשָּֽׁבְרָם).—שִׁבְרִי Yechezkel 32:9, read שִׁבְיְךָ Septuagint Co Stade Berthol Krae (not Toy).

↗ original

שֶׁ֫בֶר²

proper name (masc.) a Calebite Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:48; Σαβερ, A Σεβερ, SeptuagintL Σαβαρ.

↗ original

שָׁבוּר

Vayikra 22:22 see √ Qal.

↗ original

שִׁבָּרוֹן

n.[m.] breaking, crushing;—figuratively; construct שִׁבְרוֹן מָתְנַיִם Yechezkel 21:11 (emotional distress; ‖ מְרִירוּת), read שִׁבָּ׳ also (for Masoretic Text שִׁכָּרוֹן) 23:33 Co Berthol Krae; crushing of opponents Yirmiya 17:18.

↗ original

שֶׁ֫בֶר³

n.[m.] corn, grain, as food stuff (perhaps broken, that is threshed, Hoffmann^{journal ZAW iii (1883), 122} Siegfried-Stade Siegf Nechemia 10:32; > Konig^{ii. 1, 19 n} breaking out, that is sprouting (as chief fruit of soil); hence Mishnaic Hebrew שִׁבָּרוֹן price of corn);—שׁ׳ absolute Breishis 42:1 +; construct v Breishis 42:19; with suffix שִׁבְרָם v Breishis 42:26, שִׁבְרוֹ Breishis 44:2;—corn, grain Breishis 42:1, Breishis 42:2, Breishis 42:19, Breishis 42:26; Breishis 43:2; Breishis 44:2; Breishis 47:14 (direct object cogn.), Amos 8:5 (the same); so perhaps (for בָּר) Breishis 42:3 Lagarde^{BN 230}; כָּל־שׁ׳ Nechemia 10:32 all kinds of grain.

↗ original

שָׁבַר²

verbdenom. buy grain;—

future (עתיד) 2nd masculine plural תִּשְׁבְּרוּ Devarim 2:6, 1st plural נִשְׁבְּרָה Breishis 43:4; imperative (ציווי) mpl. שִׁבְרוּ Breishis 42:2 +; infinitive (מקור) construct לִשְׁבֹּר v Breishis 43:3 +, לִשְׁבָּר־ v Breishis 43:7 +; participle (בינוני) mpl. שֹׁבְרִים Breishis 47:14;—buy grain for food Breishis 41:57 (v Breishis 41:56 see Hiph.), Breishis 42:2 (שֶׁבֶר in v a), v Breishis 41:5; with a direct object אֹכֶל v Breishis 41:7, Breishis 41:10; Breishis 43:2, Breishis 43:4, Breishis 43:20, Breishis 43:22; Breishis 44:25; Devarim 2:6 (מִן person); with a direct object בָּר Breishis 42:3, שֶׁבֶר Breishis 47:14; figuratively Yeshaya 55:1, with a direct object יַיִן וְחָלָב v Yeshaya 55:1.

future (עתיד) 1st plural נַשְׁבִּיר Amos 8:6 etc.; participle (בינוני) מַשְׁבִּיר Breishis 42:6 Mishlei 11:26;—sell grain (proposes cause to buy grain), c. ל person Breishis 42:6 + Breishis 41:56 (read וַיַּשְׁבֵּר for Masoretic Text וַיִּשְׁבֹּר Olshausen Dillmann Gunk), with a direct object שֶׁבֶר Amos 8:5, מַפַּל בָּר v Amos 8:6, compare Mishlei 11:26; c. with suffix person + direct object אֹכֶל + ב pret. Devarim 2:28.

↗ original

שָׁבַת

verb cease, desist, rest (Assyrian šabâtu, probably cease, be completed Delitzsch^WB Zim^{Schrader's Keilinschriften3. 593} (Jen^{ZA iv (1889), 277 f.} is sceptical); Arabic سَبَتَ cut off, interrupt; Mishnaic Hebrew has שֶׁבֶת neglect, etc., Aramaic שִׁבְתָּא cost of neglect);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Breishis 2:3 +; 3rd plural שָׁבָ֑תוּ Eicha 5:14, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁבּוֹת Hoshea 7:4; יִשְׁבֹּת Mishlei 22:10 + 2 times; 3rd feminine singular תִּשְׁבֹּת Vayikra 26:35; תִּשְׁבַּת v Vayikra 26:34 Nechemia 6:3 +, etc.;—

cease: (absolute 13 times) of seasons Breishis 8:22; manna Yehoshua 5:12, etc., Yeshaya 14:4^(×2) Nechemia 6:3 +; c. מִן Hoshea 7:4 + 3 times

desist from labour, rest:

c. מִן (of God) Breishis 2:2, Breishis 2:3

מִן om., ב temp. Shemos 23:12, Shemos 16:30; Shemos 34:21, Shemos 31:17; בֶּחָרִישׁ וּבַקָּצִיר שׁ׳ Shemos 34:21 (J.; that is, even in these busy seasons).

land in 7th year Vayikra 26:34, Vayikra 26:35^(×2), Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:21.—Vayikra 23:32; Vayikra 25:2 see [שָׁבַת] verb denom. Infr.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִשְׁבַּת Yeshaya 17:3 + 2 times; plural נִשְׁבְּתוּ Yechezkel 6:6;—cease: absolute Yechezkel 6:6; Yechezkel 30:18; Yechezkel 33:28; c. מִן Yeshaya 17:3.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִשְׁבִּית Rus 4:14 +; 2nd masculine singular הִשְּׁבַּתָּ Tehillim 89:45; Tehillim 119:119, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַשְׁבִּית Mishlei 18:18 Daniel 9:27; וַיַּשְׁבֵּת Melachim Beis 23:11 Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:5, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct הַשְׁבִּית Tehillim 8:3; לַשְׁבִּית Amos 8:4 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 53 q); imperative (ציווי) mpl. הַשְׁבִּ֫יתוּ Yeshaya 30:11; participle (בינוני) מַשְׁבִּית Yirmiya 16:9 Tehillim 46:10;—

cause to cease, put an end to: with a direct object mirth Hoshea 2:13, work Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:5; Nechemia 4:5; sacrifice Daniel 9:27; war Tehillim 46:10, compare Yeshaya 13:11; Yechezkel 7:24; Mishlei 18:18 + 6 times, + הִשׁ׳ קוֹל שָׂשׂוֹן מִן Yirmiya 7:34; Yirmiya 16:9, compare Yirmiya 48:33.

= exterminate, destroy: with a direct object Melachim Beis 23:5, Melachim Beis 23:11; Amos 8:4 (Nowack conjunction העשׁקים), Hoshea 1:4 Tehillim 8:3; Tehillim 119:119; with a direct object + מִן, Yirmiya 36:29, מִן הָאָרֶץ Vayikra 26:6, Yechezkel 34:25; אלילים Yechezkel 30:13; Devarim 32:26.

cause to desist from: c. מִן Yechezkel 16:41; Yechezkel 34:10; Shemos 5:5 (E = give rest from); לְבִלְתִּי inf. Yehoshua 22:25.

remove (= הֵסִיר מִן: c. מִן Yechezkel 23:27, Yechezkel 23:48 Tehillim 89:45 (text doubtful: read הִשְׁבַּתּוֹ [3] Septuagint Duhm; מַטֵּה הֹדוֹ Herz Cheyne, see also under מֳהָר); leaven מבתים Shemos 12:15; הַשׁ׳ אֶח־ק׳ ישׂר׳ מִפָּנֵינוּ Yeshaya 30:11.

cause to fail, let be lacking: salt מֵעַל מִנְחָתֶ֑ךָ Vayikra 2:13; direct object person + ל person Yirmiya 48:35; Rus 4:14. I. שֶׁבֶת see ישׁב.

↗ original

שֶׁ֫בֶת²

noun (fem.) cessation (doubtful) Mishlei 20:3 (c. מֵרִיב, Septuagint ἀποστρέφεσθαι = שׁוּב); שִׁבְתּוֹ Shemos 21:19 that is from work = his loss of time (but Dillmann i. שֶׁבֶת, p. 443 f.).—Yeshaya 30:7 perhaps = a sitting still (indolently) √ ישׁב, but probably crpt., see Duhm Cheyne and elsewhere

↗ original

שַׁבָּת

noun (fem.) ^{Ex 31:14 +} m. ^{Is 56:2, 6; 66:23}, (under infl. of יוֹם in freq. יוֹם הַשּׁ׳, Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 47}) Sabbath (= ת + שׁבת; Mishnaic Hebrew שַׁבָּת, Aramaic שַׁבְּתָא, ܫܰܒܬܳܐ; perhaps Assyrian šabattum (‖ ûm nûḫ libbi, day of rest of heart (that is propitiation) [of deity]: only in lex. tablets); compare Lotz ^{Quaest. de hist. Sabbati, 1883} Jen ^{ZA iv (1869), 274 ff.} (doubts connexion of Assyrian word with Hebrew Sabbath) Id ^{S. S. Times, Jan. 16, 1892, 35 f.} Muss-Arn ^{JBL xi (1892), 93} Schwally ^{Idiot. 127}; see (more recently) Jastr^{Am. J. Theol. ii (1898), 312 ff.} Toy ^{TBL xviii (1899), 190 ff.} Driver ^{Hast DB Sabbath (1902)} Zim ^{Schrader's Keilinschriften3. 592 ff.; ZMG 1904, 199 ff.} [15th day of month so called] ^{458 ff.});—absolute שׁ׳ Shemos 16:25 + 64 times; construct שַׁבַּת v Shemos 16:23 + 10 times; with suffix שַׁבַּתּוֹ Bamidbar 28:10 + 3 times with suffix; plural שַׁבָּתוֹת Vayikra 23:15 + 7 times; construct שַׁבְּתֹת v Vayikra 23:38 Vayikra 25:8^(×2); with suffix שַׁבְּתוֹתַי Yeshaya 56:4 +, etc.;—

sabbath:

primitive שׁ׳ ליהוה Shemos 16:25, Shemos 20:10 = Devarim 5:14 (ten words) Vayikra 23:3; הַשּׁ׳ Shemos 16:29; בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי שׁ׳ Shemos 16:26; on seventh day יוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת Shemos 20:8, Shemos 20:11 = Devarim 5:12, Devarim 5:15 (ten words), so throughout; Shemos 31:15 + 3 times P, Yirmiya 17:21; Yechezkel 46:4; Nechemia 10:32 + 9 times, + (‖ new moon) Yeshaya 1:13; Yechezkel 46:1; Melachim Beis 4:23; Amos 8:5, compare Yeshaya 66:23^(×2), also חג and מועד Hoshea 2:13; time of change of watch in temple Melachim Beis 11:5, Melachim Beis 11:7, Melachim Beis 11:9^(×2) = Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:4, Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:8^(×2); מיסך הַשּׁ׳ (in temple) Melachim Beis 16:18; orig. observed simply by abstinence from labour Shemos 20:9, Shemos 20:10 = Devarim 5:14; Shemos 23:12, Shemos 34:21 (J; Br ^{Hexateuch. 181–195}).

Deut. reason for day is deliverance from Egypt Devarim 5:15, hence its consecration, לְקַדְּשׁוֹ v Devarim 5:12 = Shemos 20:8; קדּשׁ יום השׁ׳ Yirmiya 17:22, Yirmiya 17:24, Yirmiya 17:27 (especially no load carried), Yechezkel 20:20; Yechezkel 20:44:Yechezkel 20:24.

intensified by antith. חלּל שׁ׳ Yechezkel 20:13 + 5 times Ez, compare Nechemia 13:18. Phrases in H: שׁמר (ה)שׁ׳ Vayikra 19:3, Vayikra 19:30; Vayikra 26:2, then P Shemos 31:13, Shemos 31:14, Shemos 31:16; compare Yeshaya 56:2, Yeshaya 56:4, Yeshaya 56:6; יוֹם קָדְשִׁי, קדושׁ י׳: Yeshaya 58:13^(×2) (c. כבּד). H also שַׁבְּתֹתֵיכֶם Vayikra 26:35; סִמָּחְֽרַת הַשּׁ׳ Vayikra 23:11, Vayikra 23:15, Vayikra 23:16; שַׁבְּתוֹתַי Vayikra 19:3, Vayikra 19:30; Vayikra 26:2; Yeshaya 56:4; Yechezkel 20:12; Yechezkel 22:26, + 8 times Ez; ‖ מוֹעֵד Eicha 2:6.

P gives as basis God’s resting Shemos 20:11; Shemos 31:17; שׁבתות י׳ Vayikra 23:38; קדשׁ ליהוה שׁ׳ Shemos 16:23, compare Nechemia 9:14, שׁ׳ שׁבתון Shemos 31:15; Shemos 35:2; Vayikra 23:3; עשׂה השׁ׳ Shemos 31:16, עֹלַת שׁ׳ בְּשַׁבַּתּוֹ Bamidbar 28:10, compare Yeshaya 66:23; בְּיוֹם הַשּׁ׳ בְּיוֹם הַשּׁ׳ Vayikra 24:8 on every sabbath, abbr. שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּת Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:32; לַשַּׁבָּתוֹת, ‖ חֳדָשִׁים + מועדים Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:31 + 3 times Chr, Nechemia 10:34 (ל om. by error); work punished by stoning Bamidbar 15:32; trade prohib. Nechemia 10:32; Nechemia 13:15-21.

day of atonement is a שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן Vayikra 16:31; Vayikra 23:32, compare שָׁבַת שַׁבָּת v Vayikra 23:32.

sabbath year, שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן Vayikra 25:4; שַׁבָּת ליהוה v Vayikra 25:2, Vayikra 25:4; (הארץ) רצה שַׁבְּתוֹתֶיהָ Vayikra 26:34^(×2), Vayikra 26:43, Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:21.

= week (?): שֶׁבַע שַׁבָּתוֹת Vayikra 23:15, seven sabbaths or weeks; שֶׁבַע שַׁבְּתֹת (ה)שָּׁנִים Vayikra 25:8^(×2) seven sabbaths or weeks (of years), uncertain (see Mk 16:2, 9; Lk 18:12; Mt 28:1, compare J.Aramaic usage); poss. שַׁבָּת Yeshaya 66:23 = week (Duhm).

שַׁבַּת הָאָ֫רֶץ Vayikra 25:6 = produce in sabbath year (growing of itself).

↗ original

שָׁבַת²

verbdenom. keep, observe (sabbath);—

, with a direct object cogn.; past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular וְשָֽׁבְתָה הָאָרֶץ שַׁבָּת לי׳ Vayikra 25:2, compare Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:21; 2nd masculine plural מֵעֶרֶב עַד־ עֶרֶב תִּשְׁבְּתוּ שַׁבַּתְּכֶ֑ם Vayikra 23:32.

↗ original

שַׁבָּתוֹן

noun (masc.) sabbath observance, sabbatism;—שׁ׳ Shemos 16:23 + 10 times P; usually phrase שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן sabbath of sabbatic observance;—

of weekly sabbath Shemos 31:15; Shemos 35:2; Vayikra 23:3; Shemos 16:23 (שַׁבָּתוֹן שַׁבַּת קֹדֶשׁ, probably transp.).

day of atonement Vayikra 16:31; Vayikra 23:32.

sabbatical year Vayikra 25:4, compare שְׁנַת שַׁבָּתוֹן v Vayikra 25:5.

שׁ׳ alone of feast of trumpets Vayikra 23:24, and of first and eighth days of feast of tabernacles v Vayikra 23:39, Vayikra 23:39.

↗ original

שַׁבְּתַי

proper name Levite;—Ezra 10:15; Nechemia 8:7; Nechemia 11:16; Σαβ(β)αθαι, etc.

↗ original

שָׁגַג

verb go astray, commit sin or error (‖ שׁגה, שׁוג);—

past (עבר) שָׁגָג֛ Vayikra 5:18; participle (בינוני) שֹׁגֵג Iyov 12:16 Tehillim 119:67; f. שֹׁגֶ֫גֶת Bamidbar 15:28;—

error, mentally Iyov 12:16.

sin ignorantly, inadvertently, Vayikra 5:18; Bamidbar 15:28, compare Tehillim 119:67.—בְּשַׁגָּם Breishis 6:3 perhaps infinitive (מקור) construct with suffix, by reason of their going astray, see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67 p Ewald Driver and elsewhere; > old versions for that he also is flesh. אֲבִישַׁג, see p. 4b.

↗ original

שְׁגָגָה

noun (fem.) sin of error, inadvertence;—absolute שׁ׳ Bamidbar 15:25 +; with suffix שִׁגְגָתוֹ Vayikra 5:18; שִׁגְגָתָם Bamidbar 15:25;—error (opposite sins of intention, or בְּיָד רָמָה) only P Ec: Bamidbar 15:25 = Koheles 5:5, compare Koheles 10:5; על שׁ׳ Vayikra 5:18 Bamidbar 15:25; חטא בִּשׁ׳ Vayikra 4:2, Vayikra 4:22, Vayikra 4:27; Vayikra 5:15; Bamidbar 15:27, Bamidbar 15:28 + (verb om.) v Bamidbar 15:26; עשׂה בִשׁ׳ Vayikra 4:22; Bamidbar 15:29 + (לִשׁ׳) v Bamidbar 15:24; אכל קֹדֶשׁ בִּשׁ׳ Vayikra 22:14; מַכֵּה־נֶפֶשׁ בִּשׁ׳ of unintended killing Bamidbar 35:11, Bamidbar 35:15 = Yehoshua 20:3, Yehoshua 20:9 (‖ in D בִּבְלִי־דַעַת).—Shmuel Alef 14:24 see שׁגה.

↗ original

שִׁגָּיוֹן

see p. 993b.

↗ original

שָׁגָה

verb go astray, error (Aramaic שְׁגָא, ܫܓܳܐ the same);—

past (עבר) 1st singular שָׁגִיתִי Iyov 6:24; Iyov 19:4, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁגֶּה Mishlei 5:23, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct שְׁגוֹת Mishlei 19:27; participle (בינוני) שֹׁגֶה Yechezkel 45:20; Mishlei 20:1, etc.;—

error, stray, of flock Yechezkel 34:6 (figuratively).

swerve, meander, reel or roll, in drunkenness, ב of drink Yeshaya 28:7^(×2); = be intoxicated, Mishlei 20:1; so with (בּ) love Mishlei 5:19, Mishlei 5:20; שׁ׳ בָּרֹאֶה Yeshaya 28:7.

go astray, morally, Shmuel Alef 26:21; Mishlei 5:23; Iyov 6:24; Iyov 19:4, + Shmuel Alef 14:24 (reading שׁ׳ שְׁגָגָה) Th Wellhausen Driver Nowack (after Septuagint; otherwise Budde H.P. Smith); c. מן, of י׳’s commands Tehillim 119:21, Tehillim 119:118, מִן of words of knowledge Mishlei 19:27.

specif. commit sin of ignorance, inadvertence Vayikra 4:13; Bamidbar 15:22 Yechezkel 45:20 (compare שׁגג).

lead astray:

literally, participle (בינוני) מַשְׁגֶּה Devarim 27:18 (בַּדֶּרֶךְ).

מַשׁ׳ mentally = mislead Iyov 12:16.

morally, participle (בינוני) Mishlei 28:10 (רָ֑ע בְּדֶרֶךְ); future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular with suffix תַּשְׁגֵּנִי, c. מן of God’s commands Tehillim 119:10; + perhaps Iyov 12:23 leadeth nations astray (מַשְׂגִּיא in Kenn., Field).

↗ original

שָׁגֵה

(שָׁגֵא van d. H.) proper name (masc.) father of a hero of David Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:34.—B Σωλα, A Σαγη, SeptuagintL Σαμαια.

↗ original

שִׁגָּיוֹן²

doubtful word, Tehillim 7:1 (title), Ewald De and elsewhere from √ שׁגה go astray, reel, that is wild, passionate song, with rapid changes of rhythm; compare Lagarde^{BN 201 f.} who cp. שִׁגָּעוֹן, √ שׁגע; Septuagint ψαλμός, read probably מִזְמוֹר; plural שִׁגְיֹנוֹת Chavakuk 3:1 (title), read נְגִינוֹת, so Septuagint.

↗ original

שֵׁגָל

noun (fem.) (queen-) consort Nechemia 2:6 Tehillim 45:10, + perhaps Shoftim 5:30 see שָׁלָל (Palmyrene proper namef. שגל Lidzbarski³⁷² SAC¹¹¹ GACooke³⁰⁹; Gesenius' Thesaurus¹³⁶³ cp. ‘queen,’ orig. ‘woman’; but שׁ׳ loan-word according to Lagarde^{BN 51, 153} and not from √ [שָׁגֵל]).

↗ original

שֶׁ֫גֶר

n.[f. Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 70}] offspring, young of beasts (שגר the same Ecclus Ben Sira 40:19; compare Wellhausen^{Skizzen iii. 170});—construct שׁ׳;—כָּל־פֶּטֶר שׁ׳ בְּהֵמָה Shemos 13:12 (J; כָּל־פ׳ רֶחֶם precedes); also שְׁגַר אֲלָפֶיךָ Devarim 7:13; Devarim 28:4, Devarim 28:18, Devarim 28:51 (all ‖ עַשְׁתְּרֹת צֹאנֶ֑ךָ).

↗ original

שַׁד

ii. שֹׁד breast, see שׁדה.

↗ original

שֹׁד

see שׁדד.

↗ original

שָׁדַד

verb deal violently with, despoil, devastate, ruin (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Niph.; Arabic سَدَّ stop up, obstruct, arrest, make firm; Ethiopic ሰደደ: expel; Assyrian šadâdu is draw, drag);—

past (עבר) 3rd plural consec. וְשָֽׁדְדוּ Yechezkel 32:12; with suffix שַׁדּוּנִי Tehillim 17:9; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָשׁוּד (metapl., compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67 q Baethgen) Tehillim 91:6, with suffix יְשָׁדֵּם (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67 n) Mishlei 11:3 Keri (Kesiv past (עבר) ושׁדם), יְשָׁדְדֵם Yirmiya 5:6; imperative (ציווי) mpl. שָׁדְדוּ (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67 cc) Yirmiya 49:28; infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׁדוֹד Micha 2:4; construct לִשְׁדוֹד Yirmiya 47:4 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 45 g), compare also שֹׁד Hoshea 10:14; participle (בינוני) active שֹׁדֵד Yirmiya 6:26 +, etc.; passive שָׁדוּד Shoftim 5:27 +, f. שְׁדוּדָה Tehillim 137:8;—violently destroy, person, = slay Shoftim 5:27 (passive), Yirmiya 5:6 (wolf subj.; ‖ הִכָּה); direct object Philistines Yirmiya 47:4 (‖ הִכְרִית), v Yirmiya 5:4 (subj. י׳); = devastate, direct object בָּבֶל (subj. י׳) Yirmiya 51:55, compare Tehillim 137:8 (read probably הַשֹּׁדֵדָה Wellhausen Duhm compare Ewald Hitzig הַשָּׁדוֹדָה see Konig^{ii. 194}); אֶת־גְּאוֹן מִצְרַיִם Yechezkel 32:12 (‖ נִשְׁמַד), compare Hoshea 10:14, אֶת־מַרְעִיתָם Yirmiya 25:36 (subj. י׳), absolute Yeshaya 21:2 (‖ בָּגַד), Yeshaya 33:1 (on use of pt. see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 120 b), passive v Yeshaya 21:1 (‖ בָּנַד), אַתְּי שָׁדוּד Yirmiya 4:30 (Graf Barth^{NB 179}, but doubtful; < Du שְׁדוּדָה); = despoil, direct object person Yirmiya 49:28; = bring person to ruin Micha 2:4 (infinitive (מקור) absolute + Niph. q.see), Mishlei 11:3; weaker, assail Tehillim 17:9; elsewhere participle (בינוני) active as noun devastator (despoiler?): of national foes Yeshaya 16:1; Yeshaya 21:2; Yeshaya 33:1; Yirmiya 6:26 + 8 times Je; שׁוֹדְדֵי לַיְלָה Ovadia 1:5 (‖ גַּנָּבִים) del. Nowack G.A. Smith; personal foe Iyov 15:21; representing wicked in generally Iyov 12:6 (‖ מַרְגִּיזֵי אֵל).

past (עבר) 1st plural שָׁדוֹד נִשַׁדֻּנוּ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67 u) we are utterly ruined Micha 2:4.

future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular אַל־תְּשַׁדֵּד רִבְצוֹ Mishlei 24:15 assault not his dwelling-place (‖ אַל־תֶּאֱרֹב); participle (בינוני) as noun מְשַׁדֶּד־אָב Mishlei 19:26 he who assaults, maltreats (his) father (‖ יַבְרִיחַ אֵם).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שֻׁדַּד Yeshaya 15:1 +, 3rd feminine singular שֻׁדְּדָה Yirmiya 4:20 +, שָׁדְּדָה Nachum 3:7 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 52 q), etc.;—be devastated, of city Yeshaya 15:1^(×2); Yeshaya 23:1; Yirmiya 48:1; Yirmiya 49:3; Nachum 3:7, country or nation Yirmiya 4:20, compare v Yirmiya 4:13 Yirmiya 9:18; Yirmiya 48:15, Yirmiya 48:20; Yirmiya 49:10, dwellings (אֹהֶל) Yirmiya 4:20; Yirmiya 10:20, trees Zecharia 11:2 (del. Stade^{journal ZAW i (1881), 25}), compare v Yirmiya 49:33, strength of ships Yeshaya 23:14, field (by drought) Yoel 1:10, crop v Yoel 1:10. †Pōʿel violently destroy: future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְשֹׁדֵד מַצֵּבוֹתָם Hoshea 10:2 (‖ יַעֲרֹף מִוְבְּחֹתָם).

future (עתיד) (or Qal passive future (עתיד)? compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 53 u) be devastated: 3rd masculine singular בָּל־מִבְצָרֶיךָ יוּשָּׁ֑ד Hoshea 10:14 (of Ephr., < We pl. יושׁדו); 2nd masculine singular תּוּשַּׁד Yeshaya 33:1 (subj. שׁוֹדֵד, see Qal).

↗ original

שֹׁד²

(see below) noun (masc.) violence, havoc, devastation, ruin;—שׁ׳ absolute Hoshea 7:13 +; construct Yeshaya 22:4 +;—

violence, havoc, as social sin: חָמָס וָשֹׁד Amos 3:10; Yirmiya 6:7; Yirmiya 20:8; Yechezkel 45:9, שׁ׳ וְח׳ Chavakuk 1:3, כָּזָב וָשׁ׳ Hoshea 12:2 (l. וָשָׁוְא, Septuagint Wellhausen Marti and elsewhere), שׁ׳ יָשֶׁבֶר Yeshaya 59:7; Yeshaya 60:18; Mishlei 24:2 (‖ עָמָל; שׁ׳ רְשָׁעִים Mishlei 21:7; c. genit. object שׁ׳ עֲנִיִּים Tehillim 12:6.

devastation, ruin, for nation Hoshea 7:13, כְּשֹׁד מִשַּׁדַּי יָבוֹא Yeshaya 13:6 (simile of יוֹם י׳) = Yoel 1:15; Yeshaya 16:4; (Lo Gratz Cheyne^Haupt Marti שֹׁדֵד; ‖ רֹמֵס), Yeshaya 22:4, שׁ׳ וְשֶׁבֶר Yeshaya 51:19; Yirmiya 48:3; more generally Amos 5:9^(×2); for individ. Iyov 5:21 (van d. H. שׁוֹד), v Iyov 5:22; for beasts Chavakuk 2:17 (+ חֲמַס לְבָנוֹן).—Hoshea 10:14 see שׁדד infinitive (מקור)—מִשֹּׁר (הָֽלְכוּ) Hoshea 9:6 read אַשּׁוּר Wellhausen Nowack Marti.—ii. שֹׁד, see שׁדה.

↗ original

שַׁדַּי

see below אַשְׁדוֹד see p. 78; > here, Gesenius' Thesaurus and elsewhere

↗ original

שֹׁד³

noun (masc.) the same (compare the rare Arabic ثُدٌ, Lane³³³ Barth^{ZMG xli. 637});—שׁ׳ absolute, of mother Iyov 24:9; construct (figuratively, c. יָנַק): שׁ׳ מְלָכִים Yeshaya 60:16, שׁ׳ תַּנְחֻמֶיהָ Yeshaya 66:11, that is the consolations of Jerusalem.

↗ original

שְׁדֵיאוּר

proper name (masc.) in Reuben (read probably שַׁדַּי אוּר, שׁ׳ is flame, see Noldeke^{ZMG xv (1860), 809} Ne^{Eg.. 46} Gray^{Prop. N. 169, 197});—only in אֱלִיצוּר בֶּן־שׁ׳ Bamidbar 1:5; Bamidbar 2:10; Bamidbar 7:30, Bamidbar 7:35; Bamidbar 10:18 (all P); Σεδιουρ.

↗ original

שִׁדָּה

noun (fem.) meaning unknown;—only s. et plural שִׁדָּה וְשִׁדּוֹת Koheles 2:8, apparently appos. of תַּעֲנֻגוֹת (Septuagint οἰνοχόον καὶ οἰνοχόας, that is שֹׁדֶה וְשֹׁדוֹת, from Aramaic שְׁדָא pour out [but not spec. of wine]; Aq κυλίκιον καὶ κυλίκια (compare Vulgate), probably from same √; Delitzsch ^{Prol. 97} Konig ^{ii. 1. 161} Wildeb Siegf cp. Assyrian šadâdu, love (Siegf ‘Haremsperlen’), but this word lacks evidence; poss. שָׂרָה וְשָׂרוֹת, see i. שָׂרָה).

↗ original

שַׁדַּי²

noun (masc.) dei (etym. doubtful (1) Aq Sym Theod ἱκανός; Rabb שֶׁ־ + דַּי (self-)sufficient, no moderns. (2)= almighty, √ שׁדד + י = Gesenius' Thesaurus De Dillmann Stade, or √ שׁדה = שׁדד, n. intens. Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 155 c, but שׁדד (q.see) is deal violently not simply mightily; compare Septuagint παντοκράτωρ 14 (15) times (but in Pent. אל שׁ׳ is ὁ Θεός μου, σου, etc.), Vulgate mostly omnipotens. (3) < conject. for orig. שֵׁדַי (see שֵׁד) my sovereign lord, ‖ אֲדֹנָי, בעלי Noldeke^{SBA 1880, 775; ZMG xlii (1888), 481}; Hoffmann^{Phoenician Inscr. 53}; used of foreign deities (Devarim 32:17), and so discredited (compare בַּעַל).—> other conjunction, for example Robertson Smith^{OTJC, 424} √ שׁדה pour forth (God as rain-giver); Delitzsch^{Pr 96 followed by} Assyrian šadûʾ, high, ilu šadûʾa, Cheyne^{commentaries Is ii. 148}, or šadû, mountain, also in proper name; see further Driver ^{Gn 404 ff.});—

שַׁדַּי Bamidbar 24:4, Bamidbar 24:16 (poem), and so as archaism Rus 1:20, Rus 1:21 Tehillim 68:15; Tehillim 91:1 Yoel 1:15 = Yeshaya 13:6; Yechezkel 1:24 (del. Co); especially Iyov 5:17 + 30 times Jb (+ Iyov 19:29 Ewald Dillmann, reading שׁ׳ for שׁדין).

אֵל שַׁדַּי Breishis 49:25 (poem; so read for אֵת שׁ׳, see Sam. Septuagint Peshitta Saad, Hebrew Codd.), and so, as archaism, divine name of patriarchs in P, Breishis 17:1; Breishis 28:3; Breishis 35:11; Breishis 48:3; Shemos 6:3; Breishis 43:14 (R^P); so Yechezkel 10:5 (del. Co; but Septuagint Σαδδαι).

↗ original

שְׁדֵפָה

noun (fem.) blighted or blasted thing;—וּשׁ׳ לִפְנֵי קָמָה Melachim Beis 19:26 a blasted thing before (the) standing grain, that is before maturity (> שְׁדֵמָה field, as ‖ Yeshaya 37:27, compare Dillmann), but improb.; Th proposes וּשׁ׳ ל׳ קָדִים; Kittel שְׁדֻף הַקָּדִים; Wellhausen (and most since) וּשְׁדֵכָּֽה ׃ לְפָנַי קֻמְךָ וגו׳ (Cheyne: וּשְׁפָיִים, for וּשְׁדֵפָה).

↗ original

שִׁדָּפוֹן

noun (masc.) smut, on crops (Lagarde^{BN 202} Vogelst^{Landwirthsch. 56});—שׁ׳ absolute + יֵרָקוֹן Amos 4:9, compare Chaggai 2:17, Devarim 28:22 Melachim Alef 8:37 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:28.

↗ original

שַׁדְרַךְ

proper name (masc.) Babylonian name given to חֲנַנְיָה, one of Daniel’s comrades Daniel 1:7 (from and meaning doubtful; Delitzsch (compare Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament Driver) Šudur-Aku, command of Aku; Jen^{Th LZ 1895, 329} thinks Pers. [*Khšatraka]; Kohler^{ZA iv (1889), 50} conjunction מרדך, so Winckler^{Altor. Forsch. iii. 47. 57} Zim^{Schrader's Keilinschriften3. 396}).

↗ original

שֵׁשׁ

noun (masc.) et f.six;—m. שֵׁשׁ (c. noun (fem.)) Breishis 31:41 + 120 times; f. שִׁשָּׁה (c. noun (masc.)) Breishis 30:20 + 39 times; construct שֵׁ֫שֶׁת Shemos 23:12 + 30 times (6 + 10 = 16 are additional);—six (Hexateuch chiefly P):

no other num.:

bef. n.plural 75 times: for example שֵׁשׁ שָׁנִים Shemos 21:2 + 11 times, שֵׁשׁ אַמּוֹת Shmuel Alef 17:4 + 8 times; שֵׁשׁ בָּאַמָּה †Melachim Alef 6:6; שִׁשָּׁה בָּנִים Breishis 30:20 + 2 times; שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים Shemos 23:12 + 14 times; after n. (late) †Shemos 28:2 Yehoshua 15:59, Yehoshua 15:62 (all P), Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:27; Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:17; Nechemia 5:18; rarely n. om. Vayikra 24:6 + (distrib. Shmuel Beis 21:20 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 20:6).

= ordin. שְׁנַת שֵׁשׁ לְחִזְק׳ Melachim Beis 18:10 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 134 o).

16, c. noun (fem.): שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה, bef. נָ֑פֶשׁ Breishis 46:18, שָׁנָה Melachim Beis 13:10 + 9 times, בָּנוֹת Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:21; after עָרִים Yehoshua 15:41; Yehoshua 19:22; c. noun (masc.) שִׁשָׁה עָשָׂר, bef. אֲדָנִים Shemos 26:25; Shemos 36:30, also אֶלֶף, 1000, Bamidbar 31:40 +; after בָּנִים Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:27, etc.; = ordin. 16th Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:14; Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:23 +, יוֹם שׁ׳ ע׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:17.

600 = שֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת, Breishis 7:6 + 63 times; 6000 = שֵׁשֶׁת אֲלָפִים Bamidbar 3:34 + 8 times; שׁ׳ אֶלֶף Shoftim 20:15 + 2 times

c. tens, שׁ׳ following Breishis 46:26 + 13 times, precedes Bamidbar 31:44.

שׁ׳ as round no., חָמֵשׁ אוֹ־שׁ׳ Melachim Beis 13:19, compare Iyov 5:19 Mishlei 6:16.

↗ original

שִׁשִּׁי

m.₂₂ שִׁשִׁית f.₆ adjectivenum. ordin. sixth;—(הַ)יוֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁי Breishis 1:31 + 5 times, etc.; בַּשָּׁנָה הַשִּׁשִּׁית Vayikra 25:21 Yechezkel 8:1, etc.; construct שִׁשִּׁית הַהִין Yechezkel 4:11 6th part of the hin, compare Yechezkel 45:13; Yechezkel 46:14; read שׁ׳ also Yechezkel 45:13 (see [שִׁשָּׁה] infra).

↗ original

שִׁשִּׁים

n. indecl. sixty;—bef. n. singular: city Devarim 3:4 + 4 times, cubit Melachim Alef 6:2 Yechezkel 40:14, man Melachim Beis 25:19 = Yirmiya 52:25, day Vayikra 12:5, etc.; n.plural בָּנוֹת Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:21, compare Shir HaShirim 3:7; after n.plural Bamidbar 7:88^(×3) Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:3; Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:21 +; שִׁשִּׁים אֶלֶף Divrei HaYamim Beis 12:3 +; שׁ׳ following units Breishis 5:15 + 12 times; שׁ׳ precedes unit Yeshaya 7:8 + 12 times; שׁ׳ following 100 (1000) Ezra 8:10 + 11 times; precedes Breishis 5:18 + 8 times

↗ original

שֹׁ֫הַם

noun (masc.) ^{Iyov 28:16} a gem, identif. dubious, old versions vary; onyx or chrysoprasus Ri^{HWB 2, 336 f.} onyx Taylor^{Hast. DB iii. 624}, beryl Ridgeway^{Ency. Bib. 545} malachite Myres^{ib. 4808}, etc.; compare also Driver Breishis 2:12 (√ unknown; perhaps loan-word, compare Assyrian sâmtu Delitzsch^{WB 438});—אֶבֶן הַשּׁ׳ Breishis 2:12 (J; + הַבְּדֹלַח), in land Ḥavilah; אַבְנֵי שׁ׳ Shemos 25:7; Shemos 28:9; Shemos 35:9, Shemos 35:27; Shemos 39:6 (all P), Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:2; אֶבֶן om. Yechezkel 28:13; Shemos 28:20; Shemos 39:13 (both P; all in lists of gems); שׁ׳ יָקָר וְסַפִּיר Iyov 28:16.

↗ original

שֹׁ֫הַם²

proper name (masc.) Levite;—שׁ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:27; Ισ(σ)οαμ, Ιεσσαμ.

↗ original

שְׁוָא

proper name (masc.)

Calebite Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:49, Σαου, Σουε.

secretary, David’s time Shmuel Beis 20:25 Keri (Kesiv שׁיא), Ιησους, A Ισους, SeptuagintL Σουσα (see שְׂרָיָה(וּ) 1).

↗ original

שׁוא

(√ of following; compare Arabic سَآءَ (med. و) be evil, foul, unseemly; Ethiopic ሰይአ. baseness).

↗ original

שָׁוְא

n.[m.] emptiness, vanity;—שׁ׳ absolute Shemos 23:1 + 51 times, שָׁו Iyov 15:31 (Kesiv);—

emptiness, nothingness, vanity: שׁ׳ תְּשׁוּעַת אָדָם Tehillim 60:13 vain (is) man’s deliverance, = Tehillim 108:13; שׁ׳ לָכֶם Tehillim 127:2 it is vain (useless) for you; Tehillim 89:48 for (עַל) what nothingness hast thou created man? compare שׁ׳ יַרְחֵי Iyov 7:3; הַבְלֵי שׁ׳ Tehillim 31:7 (idols) = Yonah 2:9, compare Yirmiya 18:15; מִנְחַת שׁ׳ Yeshaya 1:13 of ineffective offering to י׳; נשׂא לַשּׁ׳ (לֹא) Shemos 20:7^(×2) take up name of God in vain (to no good purpose) = Devarim 5:11^(×2), compare Tehillim 24:4; Tehillim 139:20 [Masoretic Text lifted up in vain are thy foes; היה שׁ׳ Hoshea 12:12 become nothing (Wellhausen עשׂה שׁ׳, and so 3); ראה שׁ׳ Tehillim 119:37; adverb לַשּׁ׳ in vain Yirmiya 2:30; Yirmiya 4:30; Yirmiya 6:29; Yirmiya 46:11; שׁ׳ Tehillim 127:1^(×2); Malachi 3:14; Iyov 35:13.

emptiness of speech, שׁ׳ וּדְבַר כָּזָב Mishlei 30:8; דבּר שׁ׳ Tehillim 12:3; Tehillim 41:7; Tehillim 144:8, Tehillim 144:11; Yeshaya 59:4; Yechezkel 13:8; אָלוֹת שׁ׳ Hoshea 10:4 + Hoshea 12:2 Septuagint Wellhausen and elsewhere (for שֹׁד); הָלַךְ עִם־שׁ׳ Iyov 31:5 (‖ מִרְמָה); עֵד שׁ׳ Devarim 5:17 = עֵד שָֽׁקֶר Shemos 20:13); compare שֵׁמַע שׁ׳ Shemos 23:1; of false (empty) prophecy חֲזוֹן שׁ׳ Yechezkel 12:24, חָזוּ שׁ׳ Eicha 2:14; see also Yechezkel 13:6, Yechezkel 13:7, Yechezkel 13:9, Yechezkel 13:23; Yechezkel 21:34; Yechezkel 22:28; Iyov 35:13 (or empty complaint) Eicha 2:14^(×2); קסם שׁ׳ Yechezkel 21:28; חֲלמוֹת הַשּׁ׳ Zecharia 10:2.

of conduct, worthlessness (Buhl under 1, 2); מְתֵי שׁ׳ worthless men Tehillim 26:4; Iyov 11:11; worthless motives (in figuratively) חֵבְלֵי הַשּׁ׳ Yeshaya 5:18; נָפַת שׁ׳ Yeshaya 30:28 (that is sifting out the worthless; and elsewhere sieve of (bringing) disappointment); play on meanings in Iyov 15:31^(×2), compare Driver^{Job, Psalt. 464}.

↗ original

שׁוא²

(√ of following; probably ‖ form of שׁאה).

↗ original

שׁוֹא

n.[m.] ravage (?);—plural with suffix שֹׁאֵיהֶם Tehillim 35:17 rescue me from their ravages (si vera l.); Septuagint κακουργία; Olshausen Dy Gratz Cheyne^commentaries plausibly שַׁאֲגָם their roaring, compare v Tehillim 35:16, Tehillim 35:17; Wellhausen Duhm שֹׁאֲגִים.

↗ original

שׁוֹאָה

noun (fem.) devastation, ruin, waste;—absolute שׁו׳ Yeshaya 10:3 +, שֹׁאָה Yeshaya 47:11; Tzefania 1:15; Iyov 30:14 (+ Iyov 38:27 van d. H. Gi, but see Baer’s n.); construct שֹׁאַת Mishlei 3:25;—

devastation, ruin, as coming on person, Yeshaya 10:3; Yeshaya 47:11 (Babylon personif.), Tehillim 35:8; Tehillim 63:10; שֹׁאַת רְשָׁעִים Mishlei 3:25 (object genit.; ‖ פַּחַד); (יוֹם) שׁ׳ וּמְשׁוֹאָה Tzefania 1:15; probably = devastating storm, in simile Yechezkel 38:9 (‖ עָנָן), Mishlei 1:27 (Keri; Kesiv שׁאוה; ‖ סוּפָה).—Tehillim 35:8 read probably שַׁחְתֹּה his pit, Peshitta Wellhausen (compare v Tehillim 35:7).

concretely, ruin, waste, of the desert, Iyov 30:3 (reading אֶרֶץ for אֶמֶשׁ Olshausen; otherwise under 1), שׁ׳ וּמְשׁוֹאָה Iyov 38:27 (‖ מִדְבָּר v Iyov 30:26); = ruins Iyov 30:14.

↗ original

שׁוּב

verb turn back, return (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Hiph. in Mesha Inscription 8 f. 12; Sabean תֿוב, התֿב, especially requite Os^{ZMG xix (1865), 198} SabDenkm^{Noldeke. 20, l. 1} Hom^{Chrest. 122} CIS ^{iv. 81, 1. 9}, etc.; Arabic ثَابَ return, so Aramaic תּוּב, ܬܒ );—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שָׁב Breishis 18:33 +, 3rd feminine singular שָׁ֫בָה Rus 1:15 +, וְשָׁבַת consec. †Yechezkel 46:17 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 72 o, but Co Toy Krae וְשָׁבָה), 2nd masculine singular שַׁבְתָּ Tehillim 85:2, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָשׁוּב Hoshea 11:5 + often, יָשֻׁב Tehillim 146:4; Eicha 3:3, juss. יָשֹׁב Shoftim 7:3 +, וַיָּ֫שָׁב Breishis 26:18 +; 3rd feminine plural תָּשֹׁבְןָ Yechezkel 16:55^(×2), תְּשֻׁבֶינָה v Yechezkel 16:55, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שׁוּב Breishis 31:3 +, שֻׁב Shemos 4:19; Melachim Alef 18:43, שׁוּ֫בָה Hoshea 14:2 +, fpl. שֹׁבְנָה Rus 1:8, Rus 1:11, Rus 1:12, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute שׁוֹב Breishis 8:3 +, construct שׁוּב Shemos 4:21 +, שֹׁב Yehoshua 2:16 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 72 q), etc.; participle (בינוני) שָׁב Breishis 43:18 +, fs. שָׁבָ֫ה Rus 1:22 +, etc.; passive construct שׁוּבֵי Micha 2:8;—turn back, return:

turn back, c. מִן location Shoftim 3:19; Shoftim 8:13, compare Shoftim 7:3, c. מֵאַחֲרֵי person, that is from following Shmuel Beis 11:15; Melachim Alef 19:21; Rus 1:16, from pursuing Shmuel Beis 2:26, Shmuel Beis 2:30; Melachim Alef 22:33 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:32; c. מִן of pursuit Shmuel Alef 17:53; Shmuel Alef 23:28, compare Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:4; c. אַחֲרֵי person, that is so as to follow Shmuel Alef 15:31 Shmuel Beis 23:10; turn back in fear, מִן rei Iyov 39:22 (of horse), מִפְנֵי כֹל Mishlei 30:30 (of lion), so absolute (of foes) Tehillim 6:11; Tehillim 56:10; Tehillim 70:4, in shame Eicha 1:8; turn back and do so and so: Breishis 14:7; Shemos 14:2, compare Bamidbar 33:7 (עַל location, both P), Yehoshua 8:21, Yehoshua 11:10, Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:20, followed by inf. Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:27; absolute turn back (face about) Shir HaShirim 7:1^(×4) (+ verb); = be repulsed, defeated Tehillim 9:4 (+ אָחוֹר), Tehillim 74:21; figuratively turn back, viz. from promise or vow Shoftim 11:35; c. מִן of service Bamidbar 8:25, that is be exempt.

return, come or go back, c. מֵעַל person Shmuel Alef 17:15 (opposite הלך), Shmuel Beis 10:14; Melachim Beis 18:14, מִן person Yehoshua 10:31 (+ בְּשָׁלוֹם), מִן location, especially from foreign land Melachim Beis 8:3; Divrei HaYamim Beis 10:2; Rus 1:6, Rus 1:22; Rus 2:6; Rus 4:3; Yirmiya 31:16; Yirmiya 40:12; Yirmiya 43:5; Yirmiya 44:28; Ezra 6:21; Nechemia 8:17, מֵהַכּוֹת Breishis 14:17, Shmuel Alef 17:57; Shmuel Alef 18:6; Shmuel Beis 1:1; Shmuel Beis 8:13, מֵאַחֲרֵי that is from pursuing Shmuel Alef 24:2 (Gi v Shmuel Alef 24:1); figuratively, לֹא שׁ׳ מִנִּי חֹשֶׁךְ Iyov 15:22 (see חֹשֶׁךְ 3 a); עִבְרוּ וָשׁוּבוּ מִשַּׁעַר לָשַׁעַר Shemos 32:27, that is go back and forth from gate to gate, compare (absolute) pt. as noun עֹבֵר וָשָׁב Zecharia 7:14; Zecharia 9:8 and (= all persons) Yechezkel 35:7; also וַיֵּצֵא יָצוֹא וָשׁוֹב Breishis 8:7, רָצוֹא וָשׁוֹב Yechezkel 1:14 (del. Hitzig Co Toy and elsewhere; yet see Krae); Breishis 8:3 see הלך 4 c (4).

especially return unto:

go back, אֶל person Bamidbar 23:5, Bamidbar 23:16, Melachim Beis 1:6 (‖ הָלַךְ, as often), Shemos 5:22 (J; אֶל־י׳, Shemos 32:31 (E; the same), Bamidbar 17:15, Shmuel Beis 20:22 (+ direct object location), Yirmiya 46:16 (both + אֶל location), + 17 times; אֶל location also Breishis 21:32; Breishis 28:21 (both E), Shmuel Beis 11:4; Hoshea 5:15 (of י׳), Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:1 (+ בְּשָׁלוֹם, + ל person), Esther 2:14 (opposite בּוֹא), Esther 7:8 (+ מִן location), + 27 times; of a dog שׁ׳ עַל־קֵאוֹ Mishlei 26:11; ל location Breishis 18:33, Shmuel Alef 26:25; Shmuel Alef 29:4; Melachim Alef 19:15 (+ -ה location), Breishis 33:16 (J; לְדַרְכּוֹ, + the same), Tehillim 7:8 (of י׳), + 25 times; ל person †Rus 1:10 (לְעַמֵּךְ); -ה location also Breishis 44:13, Shemos 4:20, Shemos 4:21, Shemos 13:17, + 5 times; שָׁם (= שָׁ֫מָּה) Yirmiya 22:27; direct object location also Hoshea 8:13; Hoshea 9:3; Shmuel Alef 18:2; Shmuel Beis 3:27; Shmuel Beis 15:27 (+ בְּשָׁלוֹם), Melachim Beis 2:25 (+ מִן location), + 15 times; direct object דֶּרֶךָ Yechezkel 46:9; direct object person †Bamidbar 10:36; אַחֲרֵי person Rus 1:15; absolute Shmuel Beis 3:16; Shmuel Beis 19:16 (+ בּוֹא), Melachim Alef 18:43; Yirmiya 40:5 (< del. Septuagint Gie Du), Yechezkel 7:13 (del. Septuagint Co Krae and elsewhere) +; followed by verb, go back and do so and so, Breishis 43:2; Shmuel Alef 1:19; Shmuel Alef 29:7 (שׁוּב וְלֵךְ בְּשָׁלוֹם), Melachim Alef 13:22; Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:16 (+ בְּשָׁלוֹם) +, (Yirmiya 42:10 read יָשׁוֹב old versions and mod.); followed by inf. purpose Shoftim 14:8; Shmuel Beis 6:20 + 10 times

come back, אֶל person Breishis 8:9 (J; + אֶל location), Shemos 24:14, Shmuel Alef 23:23 + Shmuel Beis 17:3 (Septuagint Ewald Th Wellhausen Driver H.P. Smith Budde), Melachim Alef 12:15 (opposite הָלַךְ) + 9 times + (in hostility) Shoftim 20:48; אֶל location also Zecharia 8:3 (subj. י׳); Yehoshua 22:32 has מֵאֵת person + מִן location + אֶל location + אֶל person; אֶל rei Yechezkel 7:13; עַל person †Nechemia 4:6 Micha 5:2 (be reunited to); עַל location †Melachim Alef 17:21, Melachim Alef 17:22; ל location Yehoshua 1:15, Zecharia 1:16 (subj. י׳), Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:9 + (from exile) 5 times; ל animal., Iyov 39:4; -ה location †Breishis 15:16, Breishis 50:14; direct object location †Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:8; שָׁם Yirmiya 22:11 (opposite יָצָא), שָׁ֫מָּה v Yirmiya 22:27, הֵ֫נָּה Yirmiya 31:8; absolute Breishis 43:10, Shmuel Beis 10:5; Melachim Beis 1:5; Yeshaya 21:12 (‖ אָתָה), Iyov 39:12 (Kesiv, so Budde Duhm; of wild ox), + often; + בְּשָׁלוֹם Shoftim 8:9; Melachim Alef 22:28 (שׁוֹב תָּשׁוּב) = Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:27; Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:26; + verb, come back and do so and so, †Devarim 1:45; Devarim 30:8; Yirmiya 37:8; Melachim Alef 19:7; Melachim Alef 20:5; Melachim Beis 9:36 Tehillim 60:2 (title), compare Zecharia 4:1; Daniel 11:10, שׁ׳ לָשֶׁבֶת Bamidbar 35:32, שׁ׳ לָלֶכֶת Koheles 5:14.

of dying, שׁ׳ אֶל־(הֶ)עָפָר Breishis 3:19^(×2), Tehillim 104:29; Koheles 3:20, עַל־עָפָר Iyov 34:15; שׁ׳ לְאַדְמָתוֹ Tehillim 146:4, compare אָשׁוּב שָׁ֫מָּה (that is בֶּטֶן אִמּוֹ) Iyov 1:21 (see Dillmann Budde, also Koheles 5:14); שׁ׳ לִשְׁא֑וֹלָה Tehillim 9:18; so probably absolute Tehillim 90:3 (> come back to life); of (human) dust, שׁ׳ עַל־הָאָרֶץ Koheles 12:7; breath, שׁ׳ אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִים v Koheles 12:7.

of revival from death, שׁ׳ לְבֵיתוֹ Iyov 7:10, absolute Iyov 10:21 (opposite הָלַךְ), Iyov 16:22 (the same), Mishlei 2:19; also c. אֶל person Shmuel Beis 12:23.

figuratively of human relations:

return to leader, king, אֶל person, Shoftim 11:8; Melachim Alef 12:27^(×2); to divorced wife Yirmiya 3:1 (opposite הלך).

= change so as to approach (in purpose, desire), אֶל־ person Yirmiya 15:19^(×2).

turn, that is resort to, ל person Tehillim 119:79.

return to a physical condition Iyov 33:25 (ל rei); to a state or course of life, ל rei Yeshaya 23:17; Yechezkel 16:55^(×3); Nechemia 9:17 Tehillim 85:9 עַל rei Yirmiya 11:10, הֲלוֹם Tehillim 73:10 (but crpt.); ב Yirmiya 8:6 (Duhm reads שָׁט for שָׁב).

absolute = change course of action; from good to bad, וַיָּשָׁב וַיִּמְרָד־בּוֹ Melachim Beis 24:1; Yirmiya 34:11, Yirmiya 34:16; bad to good v Yirmiya 34:15; so שׁ׳ alone Iyov 6:29^(×2) (probably; read וְשׁוּבוּ, so Dillmann Davidson Budde and elsewhere; other interpr. De Duhm and elsewhere).

pt. passive = averse, שׁוּבֵי מִלְחָמָה Micha 2:8 (> Wellhausen Nowack שׁבִי spoil of war).

figuratively, specif. of spiritual relations:

turn back from God, = apostatize, מֵאַחֲרֵי י׳ Bamidbar 14:43, Shmuel Alef 15:11; Melachim Alef 9:6 (שׁוֹב תְּשֻׁב֫וּן), Yirmiya 3:19; Bamidbar 32:15; Yehoshua 22:16, Yehoshua 22:18, Yehoshua 22:23, Yehoshua 22:29 (all P); absolute (usually + verb) Shoftim 2:19; Shoftim 8:33; Yehoshua 23:12 (R^D), Yirmiya 8:4 Tehillim 78:41; Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:19.

of י׳, turn away, מֵאַחֲרֵי person Devarim 23:15.

turn back to God (= seek penitently), אֶל־י׳ Hoshea 6:1; Hoshea 7:10; Hoshea 14:3; Yirmiya 3:7; Melachim Alef 8:33, Melachim Alef 8:48 (בְּכָל־לֵבָב), + 18 times; אֶל־אֱלֹהִים †Hoshea 5:4 Tehillim 51:15, compare Yeshaya 10:21; עַל־י׳ †Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:4; Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:9; עַד־י׳ Amos 4:6, Amos 4:8, Amos 4:9, Amos 4:10, Amos 4:11; Hoshea 14:2; Yeshaya 9:12 + 5 times; עַד־שַׁדַּי †Iyov 22:23; לי׳ Yeshaya 31:6, שׁ׳ נַפְשִׁי לִמְנוּחָ֑יְכִי Tehillim 116:7; compare לַבַּעַל Hoshea 7:16 (for לֹא עַל, Nowack, compare Marti); לְתוֹכַחְתִּי Mishlei 1:23 (probably del., see Toy).

absolute repent, Hoshea 3:5; Hoshea 11:5; Yeshaya 6:10; Yeshaya 10:22; Yirmiya 3:7, Yirmiya 3:12, Yirmiya 3:14, Yirmiya 3:22; Yirmiya 4:1; Yirmiya 5:3 + 14 times, + pt. as noun Yeshaya 1:27.

turn back from evil, c. מִן (especially Je Ez) Melachim Alef 8:35; Melachim Alef 13:33; Yirmiya 15:7; Yirmiya 18:8 + 8 times Je, Yechezkel 3:19; Yechezkel 13:22 + 12 times Ez, + 9 times; compare שָׁבֵי פֶשַׁע Yeshaya 59:20; שׁוּבוּ וְהָשִׁיבוּ מִן Yechezkel 18:30, so c. מֵעַל Yechezkel 14:6; from good, c. מִן, †Yechezkel 3:20; Yechezkel 18:24, Yechezkel 18:26; Yechezkel 33:18.

of י׳, שׁ׳ מֵחֲרוֹן אַפּוֹ Shemos 32:12, Devarim 13:18; Yehoshua 7:26, Melachim Beis 23:26; Yonah 3:9; שׁ׳ מִמֶּנּוּ אַף־י׳ Hoshea 14:5; Yirmiya 2:35; Yirmiya 4:8; Bamidbar 25:4, Divrei HaYamim Beis 12:12; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:10; Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:8, so (man’s anger) Breishis 27:45 and (absolute) v Breishis 27:44; absolute of אַף־י׳ Yeshaya 5:25; Yeshaya 9:11, Yeshaya 9:16, Yeshaya 9:20; Yeshaya 10:4; Yeshaya 12:1; Yirmiya 23:20 (opposite יָצָא v Yirmiya 23:19), Yirmiya 30:24 Iyov 14:13; Daniel 9:16.

of י׳, return (to shew favour), אֶל person †Breishis 18:10 (+ inf. absolute), v Breishis 18:14 Zecharia 1:3; Malachi 3:7; Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:6, absolute Yeshaya 63:17 Tehillim 80:15 (‖ הִבִּיט, פָּקַד), Tehillim 90:13, + verb Yirmiya 12:15 Tehillim 6:5 Yoel 2:14 Yonah 3:9; also in hostility, + verb Yehoshua 24:20, c. inf. purpose Hoshea 11:9.

of י׳, turn back from (מִן) judgment Yirmiya 4:28, אֱמֶת Tehillim 132:11; מֵאַחֲרֵי person, that is cease to bless, Yirmiya 32:40.

of inanimate things (sometimes personified, or treated as things of life):

as perceptibly moving, water Breishis 8:3 (J; מֵעַל location), Yehoshua 4:18 (J; ל location), Shemos 14:26 (P; עַל person), v Shemos 14:28 (P; + verb), Tehillim 104:9 (ל inf.), sea Shemos 14:27 (J; לְאֵיתָנוֹ); wind Tehillim 78:39 (opposite הלך), Koheles 1:6 (עַל location); shadow Melachim Beis 20:9, Melachim Beis 20:10 (+ אֲחֹרַנִּית), ‖ Yeshaya 38:8 (sun on dial), of breath (= revive) Shoftim 15:19; Shmuel Alef 30:12 (אֶל person); clouds Koheles 12:2 (מִן temp.); rain and snow Yeshaya 55:10 (ה location); rolling stone Mishlei 26:27; sword Shmuel Beis 1:22 (מִן rei), Yechezkel 21:10, arrow Yirmiya 50:9; of plague-spot = re-appear, Vayikra 14:43.

= be brought back, Breishis 43:18, Shmuel Alef 5:11 (ל location), hence be restored, ל person Yechezkel 46:17, so of kingdom Melachim Alef 12:26, city Shmuel Alef 7:14 (Yechezkel 35:9 see ישׁב 4), field Vayikra 27:24; of animal Devarim 28:31.

= be turned into, ל rei, Yeshaya 29:17; = be turned back into, עַד rei, Micha 1:7.

return, figuratively of word, (1) Yeshaya 45:23, c. אֶל person Yeshaya 55:11 (both opposite יָצָא); (2) Tehillim 35:13 my prayer turned upon (עַל) my bosom (was uttered with bowed head, De Baethgen Duhm).

turn away, depart, of infamy Mishlei 25:10.

return (in recompense), of crime, evil, etc., c. בְּרֹאשׁ Melachim Alef 2:33; Ovadia 1:15 Tehillim 7:17, עַל־רֹאשׁ Esther 9:25, ל person Tehillim 54:7 (Kesiv; > Keri Hiph.), Mishlei 12:14.

Tehillim 94:15 judgment (-giving) shall return to (עַד) righteousness (be in accord therewith).

of boundary, = change (sometimes reverse) direction, -ה location Yehoshua 19:12 (+ מִן location), v Yehoshua 19:34 (+ direct object location), direct object location also v Yehoshua 19:27, Yehoshua 19:29 (+ עַד location), v Yehoshua 19:29.

be restored to healthy condition, of withered hand Melachim Alef 13:6^(×2) (אֶל person), leprous hand Shemos 4:7 (J; c. כ comp.), flesh Melachim Beis 5:10 (ל person), v Melachim Beis 5:14; Vayikra 13:16 (‖ נֶהְפַּךְ לְלָבָן).

denoting repetition, etc. (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 120 d g): + verb, return (and) do = do again, Breishis 26:18; Breishis 30:31; Bamidbar 11:4 (all J), Shoftim 19:7; Shmuel Alef 3:5, Shmuel Alef 3:6; Melachim Alef 13:33; Melachim Alef 19:6; Melachim Beis 1:11, Melachim Beis 1:13; Melachim Beis 19:9; Melachim Beis 21:3 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:3; Yirmiya 18:4; Yirmiya 36:28; Zecharia 5:1; Zecharia 6:1; Malachi 1:4; Iyov 10:16; Iyov 17:10 Tehillim 7:13; Daniel 9:25, perhaps also Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:4; compare Yeshaya 6:13 = it, in turn, shall be destroyed (destruction shall be repeated in its case), Eicha 3:3 appar. = do repeatedly; שׁ׳ + infinitive (מקור) absolute Koheles 4:1, Koheles 4:7; Koheles 9:11; in compar. עוֹד תָּשׁוּב תִּרְאֶה Yechezkel 8:6 thou shalt see yet greater abominations, so v Yechezkel 8:13 and (מִן comp.) v Yechezkel 8:15; שׁ׳ + infinitive (מקור) construct Devarim 24:4; Devarim 30:9; Yehoshua 5:2 (R^D), Yirmiya 36:28; Yechezkel 8:17; Ezra 9:14; Nechemia 9:28; Iyov 7:7; Koheles 1:7: = reverse one’s action, + verb Yehoshua 2:23, Hoshea 2:11; Melachim Beis 13:25; Devarim 30:3; Micha 7:19; Zecharia 8:15 Tehillim 71:20^(×2); Tehillim 85:7; = restore to original condition by doing, + verb Devarim 23:14.

trans., peculiarly, in phr. שׁ׳ שְׁבוּת restore captivity of, etc., c. 21 times (see שְׁבוּת under שָׁבָה); שׁ׳ י׳ צִיּוֹן Yeshaya 52:8, שׁ׳ c. with suffix person Tehillim 85:5; elsewhere only וְשָׁב י׳ אֶת־גְּאוֹן יַעֲקֹב וגו׳ Nachum 2:3, compare Hiph. 9.

bring back, past (עבר) 1st singular וְשֹׁבַבְתִּ֫י, with a direct object person + אֶל location Yirmiya 50:19 (י׳ subj.), infinitive (מקור) construct with suffix בְּשׁוֹבְבִי, c. מִן location Yechezkel 39:27 and (figuratively) לְשׁוֹבֵב, c. אֶל person Yeshaya 49:5; future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular תְּשׁוֹבֵב לָנוּ Tehillim 60:3 = take us back into power.

figuratively restore, refresh, 3rd masculine singular נַפְשִׁי יְשׁוֹבֵב Tehillim 23:3 (י׳ subj.); compare Hiph. 2 b.

restore, repair, participle (בינוני) מְשׁוֹבֵב נְתִיבוֹח לָשָׁ֑בֶת Yeshaya 58:12.

lead away (enticingly), past (עבר) 1st singular with suffix (of Gog), י׳ subj., וְשׁוֹבַבְתִּיךָ Yechezkel 38:4 (del. Co), וְשֹׁ׳ Yechezkel 39:2; so figuratively 3rd feminine singular with suffix וְדַעְתֵּךְ הִיא שׁוֹבְבָ֑תֶךְ Yeshaya 47:10 (of Babylonian);—Yirmiya 50:6 see Qal.

shew turning = apostatize (compare Hiph. 8), past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular שׁוֹבְבָה Yirmiya 8:5 (read שׁוֹבֵב, and del. ירושׁלם, c. Septuagint).—Vid. also שׁוֹבֵב infra.

participle (בינוני) f. מְשׁוֹבֶ֫בֶת Yechezkel 38:8 a land restored + מִן rei.—Vid. also שׁוֹבָב infra.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular Breishis 41:13 +; with suffix וַהֲשִׁיבְךָ Breishis 40:13, וֶהֱשִׁיבְךָ Devarim 28:68; 2nd masculine singular הֱשִׁיבוֹתָ Tehillim 85:4, וַהֲשֵׁבֹתָ֫ Devarim 4:39; Devarim 30:1, with suffix וַהֲשֵׁיבוֹתָם Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:25; 1st singular consec. וַהֲשִׁיב֫וֹתִי Amos 1:8, וַהֲשִׁבֹתִ֫י Bamidbar 22:8 +, with suffix וְהוֹשְׁבוֹתִים Zecharia 10:6 (but read וַהֲשִׁבוֹתִים, see ישׁב Hiph.), etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָשִׁיב Shemos 21:34 +, (read יָשִׁב Daniel 11:18, Daniel 11:19 > Keri v Daniel 11:18 יָשֵׂם), וַיָּ֫שֶׁב Breishis 20:14 +; with suffix יְשִׁבֵנִי Shmuel Beis 15:8 +, וַיְשִׁיבֵם Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:4 + Shmuel Alef 12:8 old versions Wellhausen Driver and elsewhere; 3rd feminine plural תָּשֵׁבְנָה Iyov 20:10, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. הָשֵׁב Breishis 20:7 +, הָשֵׁיב Melachim Beis 8:6, הָשַׁ֑ב Yeshaya 42:22, so הָשַׁ֖ב Yechezkel 21:35 (see Ke and still Toy; Ewald Smend Krae infinitive (מקור) absolute הָשֵׁב), הָשִׁיבָה Shoftim 11:13 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute הָשֵׁב Shemos 23:4 +; construct הָשִׁיב Breishis 42:35 +, etc.; participle (בינוני) מֵשִׁיב Breishis 20:7 +, etc.;—cause to return, bring back:

with a direct object person + אֶל location Breishis 24:5 (J; הֶהָשֵׁב אָשִׁיב), Breishis 28:15, Breishis 42:37, Breishis 48:21, +; especially from exile Melachim Alef 8:34 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:25; Yirmiya 27:22 + 5 times Je; + אֶל person Melachim Alef 22:26 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:25; + עַל location Yirmiya 16:15; Yirmiya 23:3; Yirmiya 24:6; + ל location Yirmiya 12:15; + direct object location Shmuel Beis 15:8 (read הָשֵׁב יְשִׁבֵנִי old versions Th Wellhausen Driver and elsewhere), Devarim 28:68; Yechezkel 29:14; Yechezkel 47:6; Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:13, etc.; + מִן location Yirmiya 41:16; Zecharia 10:10, מֵאֵת person Yirmiya 41:16, מִן inf. Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:13; direct object person only Shoftim 19:3; Melachim Alef 13:20, Melachim Alef 13:23 +; bring back into bondage, etc., Yirmiya 34:11, Yirmiya 34:16; = allow to return Yirmiya 15:19; direct object person + rei (= recover, recapture), Yirmiya 28:6 (+ אֶל location, מִן location); = recover, rescue, Breishis 14:16 (direct object person + rei), Tehillim 35:17 (direct object נַפְשִׁי, מִן rei); direct object rei + אֶל person Breishis 44:8, + עַל person Shemos 15:9 (song), Mishlei 20:26; + אֶל location Melachim Alef 14:28 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 12:11; Yirmiya 28:3; Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:11; direct object of hand, אֶל־פֶּה Shmuel Alef 14:27; Mishlei 19:24 Mishlei 26:15; especially of י׳’s hand, in judgment, followed by עַל Amos 1:8; Yeshaya 1:25; Zecharia 13:7 Tehillim 81:15, also of man’s hand Yirmiya 6:9; Yechezkel 38:12; + direct object location Shmuel Beis 15:25, Shmuel Beis 15:29; + שָׁם Nechemia 13:9; direct object rei alone Breishis 43:12, Breishis 43:21 (both בְּיֶדְכֶם), Breishis 14:16 (= recapture), Shmuel Alef 6:21; Shmuel Alef 30:19; Melachim Alef 13:29 (corpse), Vayikra 26:26; with a direct object animal. Shmuel Alef 6:7 (מֵאַחֲרֵי), Yechezkel 34:4, Yechezkel 34:16 (figuratively); shadow on dial Melachim Beis 20:11 = Yeshaya 38:8.—Iyov 39:12 see Qal 3 b.

put back: direct object rei, stone, עַל־פִּי הַבְּאֵר Breishis 29:3, veil עַל־פָּנָיו Shemos 34:35, Dagon לִמְקוֹמוֹ Shmuel Alef 5:3, rod לִפְנֵי הָעֵדוּת Bamidbar 17:25, sword, + אֶל of sheath, Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:27; Yechezkel 21:35 (direct object om.); hand אֶל־חֵיק Shemos 4:7^(×2) (J; opposite הוֹצִיא).

= draw back, hand Breishis 38:29, Melachim Alef 13:4 (opposite שָׁלַח; + אֶל reflex.), Yehoshua 8:26 (E; opposite נטה), so figuratively, י׳ subj. Eicha 2:3 (מִפְּנֵי, אָחוֹר), Tehillim 74:11; c. מִן = refrain from Eicha 2:8; Shemos 18:8, Shemos 18:17 (that is from oppressing), Shemos 20:19 (מִן om.); foot, c. מִן Yeshaya 58:13 (figuratively); draw in breath Iyov 9:18.

= give back, restore, direct object person vel rei: + ל person Breishis 20:14, v Breishis 20:7 (E; direct object om.), Shemos 23:4 (E; הָשֵׁב תָּשִׁיב), Devarim 22:1 (the same; both direct object animal.), Devarim 24:13 (the same), Shemos 22:25, Shoftim 17:3^(×2), Shoftim 17:4; Shmuel Alef 12:3; Shmuel Beis 9:7; Devarim 22:2, Nechemia 5:11, so Shmuel Beis 16:3; Melachim Alef 12:21 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:1 (all direct object of kingdom), with a direct object צְדָקָה Iyov 33:26; + אֶל person Breishis 37:22 (E; direct object person); + אֶל location Breishis 42:25; direct object rei only, Melachim Beis 8:6; Yechezkel 18:7 (read infinitive (מקור) absolute שׁוֹב for חוֹב, Co Toy Krae), Yechezkel 18:12; Yechezkel 33:15; Vayikra 5:23, Bamidbar 5:7 (P; + בְּרֹאשׁוֹ = in full), Tehillim 69:5 (opposite גָּזַל), so of land (or city) Shoftim 11:13; Melachim Alef 20:34; Nechemia 5:12, compare Melachim Beis 14:28 (+ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל), Melachim Beis 16:6 (+ לַאֲרָם); = win back Melachim Beis 13:25; Melachim Beis 14:22 (+ ל terr.) = Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:2, boundary (that is re-establish it) Melachim Beis 14:25; restore ruined city Daniel 9:25 (+ לִבְנוֹת), conquered nation Tehillim 80:4, Tehillim 80:8, Tehillim 80:20; joy, direct object + ל person Tehillim 51:14.—Shmuel Beis 8:3 see יָד 2.—Acc. person only, Breishis 20:7, Yeshaya 42:22; restore to office, direct object person + עַל Breishis 40:13, Breishis 40:21, אֶל location Shmuel Beis 19:12, direct object person only, Shmuel Beis 19:11, Shmuel Beis 19:13, Shmuel Beis 19:44, compare Yeshaya 1:26; = pay back money, Vayikra 25:27 (ל person), v Vayikra 25:51, Vayikra 25:52.

= relinquish, with a direct object rei, Iyov 20:10.

= give in payment, requital, with a direct object rei + appos. Shmuel Alef 6:8 (ל person), v Shmuel Alef 6:17 (the same; compare טְחוֹר); also pay as tribute (in answer to demand), direct object rei Melachim Beis 17:3 Tehillim 72:10, + ל person Melachim Beis 3:4; Divrei HaYamim Beis 27:5; give in exchange Yechezkel 27:15.

bring one back (from dead) Shmuel Beis 12:23, so c. מִנִּי Iyov 33:30; on other hand, אֶל־עָפָר Iyov 10:9 = מָוֶת (direct object) Iyov 30:23, compare עַד־דַּכָּא Tehillim 90:3.

bring back heart, לֵב, עַל person Malachi 3:24; הֲשִׁיבֵנוּ י׳ אֵלֶיךָ Eicha 5:21 (< Bu restore, del. אליך); הֵשִׁיב אֶל־י׳ Nechemia 9:26 (compare v Nechemia 9:29), Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:4; Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:19, also (מִן of evil) Yirmiya 23:22, absolute Yirmiya 31:18.

direct object נֶפֶשׁ = refresh Eicha 1:11, Eicha 1:16, Eicha 1:19 Tehillim 19:8 Mishlei 25:13; Rus 4:15.

bring back words of people, אֶל־י׳ Shemos 19:8; then, in generally, bring back word, דָּבָר, report to, + direct object person Breishis 37:14; Bamidbar 13:26; Bamidbar 22:8 (all E), Devarim 1:22, Devarim 1:25; Yehoshua 14:7 (R^D), Yehoshua 22:32, + 8 times; = answer Shmuel Alef 17:30; Shmuel Beis 3:11; Melachim Alef 12:6 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 10:6 + 6 times, + (direct object מִלִּין) Iyov 35:4; also (דָּבָר om.) Iyov 13:22; Iyov 20:2; Iyov 33:5, Iyov 33:32; Divrei HaYamim Beis 10:16; Nechemia 6:4 (כַּדָּבָר הַזֶּה); direct object אֲמָרִים + ל person Shoftim 5:29; Mishlei 22:21; later c. ל person alone Shmuel Alef 12:3; c. cl. orat. recta, אֶל person Esther 4:13, Esther 4:15; similar phrases, Yechezkel 9:11; Mishlei 18:13; Mishlei 24:26; Mishlei 26:16; Chavakuk 2:1; Iyov 31:14; Iyov 32:14 (Gi v Iyov 32:15), Iyov 40:4.

bring back (in retribution), compare Qal 7 f) upon, subj. often י׳, direct object of evil, Shoftim 9:56, בְּרֹאשׁ Shoftim 9:57; Shmuel Alef 25:39; Melachim Alef 2:44; Yoel 4:4, Yoel 4:7, עַל־רֹאשׁ Melachim Alef 2:32, אֶל־רֹאשׁ Nechemia 3:36; ל person Breishis 50:15, Shmuel Alef 6:3 (הָשֵׁב תָּשִׁיבוּ), v Shmuel Alef 6:4 Shmuel Alef 25:21 (return evil for good), +, etc.; absolute = make requital, ל person Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:23 + (כ comp.) Hoshea 12:3; Mishlei 24:12, Mishlei 24:29; †with a direct object of good, ל person Shmuel Alef 26:23; Shmuel Beis 16:12; Zecharia 9:12; c. כ comp. + ל person Tehillim 18:21, Tehillim 18:25 = Shmuel Beis 22:21, Shmuel Beis 22:25, and (כ comp. only) Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:25; requite י׳’s benefits, direct object rei + לי׳ Tehillim 116:12, compare Bamidbar 18:9.

pay as recompense, כֶּסֶף יָשׁ׳ לִבְעָלָיו Shemos 21:34; so (figuratively) of י׳, הֵשׁ׳ נָקָם לְ Devarim 32:41, Devarim 32:43, לְהָשׁ׳ בְּחֵמָה אַפּוֹ Yeshaya 66:15.

turn back, backward = repel, defeat, c. אֶת־פְּנֵי Melachim Beis 18:24 = Yeshaya 36:9, direct object מִלְחָמָה Yeshaya 28:6, direct object of sword Tehillim 89:44, direct object person + אָחוֹר Tehillim 44:11 (+ מִנִּי person), Yeshaya 44:25 (figuratively, = refute, confute), figuratively of calamity Eicha 1:13; = repulse, hinder Yirmiya 2:24, especially direct object Yeshaya 14:27 (יַד־י׳), compare Yeshaya 43:13, Iyov 9:12; Iyov 11:10; Iyov 23:13; = reject, refuse, (אֶת־)פְּנֵי פ׳ Melachim Alef 2:16, Melachim Alef 2:17, Melachim Alef 2:20^(×2) Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:42 Tehillim 132:10.

turn away face, figuratively, + מֵעַל rei Yechezkel 14:6; direct object person + מִן rei Malachi 2:6; anger of י׳ (direct object) + מֵעַל person Bamidbar 25:11, Mishlei 24:18, מִן person Yirmiya 18:20 Ezra 10:14; direct object only, Iyov 9:13 Tehillim 78:38; Tehillim 106:23; direct object of human anger Mishlei 15:1; Mishlei 29:8.

late, turn toward, direct object face, ל location Daniel 11:18, Daniel 11:19, direct object foot, אֶל rei Tehillim 119:59 (figuratively).

turn against, אֶל־אֵל, with a direct object רוּחֶ֑ךָ Iyov 15:13.

לֵב, הֵשׁ׳ אֶל־לֵבָב bring back to mind, take into consideration, with a direct object Eicha 3:21, followed by cl. with כִּ׳ Devarim 4:39 (compare Driver), object om. Devarim 30:1; Melachim Alef 8:47 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:37, Yeshaya 44:19, + (עַל) Yeshaya 46:8.

הֵשִׁיב אֶת־שְׁבוּת פ׳ Yirmiya 32:44; Yirmiya 33:7, Yirmiya 33:11; Yirmiya 49:6; Eicha 2:14; Yechezkel 39:25 + (Keri Hiph., Kesiv Qal) Yirmiya 33:26; Yirmiya 49:39; Yoel 4:1 (see Qal 9).

Hiph. declar., הָשׁ׳ מֵעַל Yechezkel 14:6 = shew a turning away from your idols (that is turn away), compare (מִן) Yechezkel 18:30, absolute הָשׁ׳ וִחְיוּ v Yechezkel 18:32; of י׳, השׁ׳ מֵחֲרוֹן אַפֶּ֑ךָ Tehillim 85:4 (but read probably הֲשִׁיבוֹתָה חֲרוֹן א׳ [6 a supra]); perhaps in physical sense Yonah 1:13 (אֶל location; Wellhausen Nowack sc. אֳנִיָּה, etc.).

reverse, revoke, direct object (with suffix) rei, that is judgment, Amos 1:3, Amos 1:6, Amos 1:9, Amos 1:11, Amos 1:13; Amos 2:1, Amos 2:4, Amos 2:6; blessing Bamidbar 23:20 (poem in E), edict Esther 8:5, Esther 8:8.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הוּשֵׁב Breishis 42:28 my money has been returned! compare participle (בינוני) הַכֶּסֶף הַמּוּשָׁב Breishis 43:12 (both J); הַמּ׳ לי׳ Bamidbar 5:8 the אָשָׁם which is restored to י׳; plural מוּשָׁבִים Yirmiya 27:16 the vessels are about to be brought back, c. מִן location; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיּוּשַׁב אֶת־מֹשֶׁה Shemos 10:8 (J; compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 121 a, b) Moses was brought back, c. אֶל person

↗ original

שׁוֹבָב

adjective backturning, recusant, apostate (perhaps for מְשׁוֹבָב, participle (בינוני) Pōʿl. Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 251 b Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 52 s Konig^{i. 454});—שׁ׳ Yeshaya 57:17; plural שׁוּבוּ בָּנִים שׁוֹבָבִים Yirmiya 3:14, Yirmiya 3:22.—שׁובבים Yirmiya 50:6 Kesiv < Qr שׁוֹבְבוּם Septuagint commentaries, compare √ Pōʿl.

↗ original

שׁוֹבָב²

proper name (masc.) Σωβαβ, etc.:

son of David Shmuel Beis 5:14 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 14:4; Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:5.

son of Caleb Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:18.

↗ original

שׁוּבָאֵל

see שְׁבוּאֵל (compare Sabean proper name תֿובאל Os^{ZMG xix (1865), 198 n.} Hal ⁴⁸⁵ D.H. Müller^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 16}).

↗ original

שׁוֹבַךְ

proper name (masc.) Aramaean general, Shmuel Beis 10:16, Shmuel Beis 10:18 (Σωβακ, SeptuagintL Σαβεε), = שׁוֹפַךְ Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:16, Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:18 (Σωφαρ, Σαφαθ; A Σωφαχ, Σωβαχ, SeptuagintL Σωφακ).

↗ original

שׁוֹבָל²

proper name see שׁבל.

↗ original

שׁוֹבָק

proper name see שׁבק.

↗ original

שָׁוָה

verb (be even, smooth, see Pi., hence) agree with, be like, resemble (Arabic سوى ii. make even, flat, uniform (with something else); Aramaic שְׁוָא (der. spec.) be like, ܫܘܳܐ be equal, fit, like, Pa. lay out smoothly, Aph. make plain, fit, worthy);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular לֹא שׁ׳ לִי Iyov 33:27 (si vera l.) it was not equalled to me, that is (see infra; according to most) not requited (so De Dillmann Davidson, and Yeshaya 16:6 Targum); Budde אֵל לֹא שִׁוָּה God did not requite (or שִׁלֵּם for שׁוה); Duhm לֹא שִׁוָּה כַעֲוֹנִי (compare Septuagint); future (עתיד) 1st singular of י׳, אֶל־מִי … אֶשְׁוֶה Yeshaya 40:25 to whom shall I be like? (‖ תְּדַמְּיוּנִי), implying that he is incomp.; 3rd masculine plural לֹא יִשְׁווּ־בָהּ Mishlei 3:15 are not comparable with her (wisdom), so Mishlei 8:11; 2nd masculine singular פֶּן־תִּשְׁוֶה־לוֹ Mishlei 26:4 lest thou be like him (a fool); participle (בינוני) שֹׁוֶה בְּ Esther 7:4 is not an equivalent for; c. לְ, suitable for Esther 3:8, so Esther 1:22 Hitzig Or Ry^Kau (reading כֹּל שֹׁוֶה עִמּוֹ for כִּלְשׁוֹן עַמּוֹ, but see Siegf.); adequate for Esther 5:13.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שִׁוָּה Yeshaya 28:25 he hath levelled its (the ground’s) surface; 1st singular שִׁוִּיתִי וְדוֹמַמְתִּי נַפְשִׁי Tehillim 131:2 I have smoothed (composed) and stilled my soul; so, sc. נַפְשִׁי Yeshaya 38:13 Vulgate Gesenius De and elsewhere, Houb Lo Cheyne Duhm and elsewhere read שִׁוַּעְתִּי I cried; direct object מִשְׁפָּטִים Tehillim 119:30 accounted suitable, meet (‖ דֶּרֶךְ אֱמוּנָה בָּחָ֑רְתִּי), Hitzig, compare Gratz v Tehillim 119:128 (see Qal Esther 3:8); Wellhausen ins. לְנֶגְדִּי (II. שׁ׳, compare Tehillim 16:8); Zenner Duhm אִוִּיתִי.

make like: future (עתיד) 1st singular מָה אַשְׁוֶה־לָךְ Eicha 2:13 (‖ אֲדַמֶּה); 2nd masculine plural לְמִי תְדַמְּיוּנִי וְתַשְׁווּ Yeshaya 46:5 (compare Qal Yeshaya 40:25).

(appar.) past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular נִשְׁתָּ֑וָה (for נִשְׁתְּוָה) Mishlei 27:15 are alike, but read probably Niph. 3rd feminine singular נִשְׁוָ֑תָה Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 75 x Toy and elsewhere—תשׁוה Iyov 30:22 Kesiv see II. שׁוא.

↗ original

שָׁוֵה

n.[m.] level plain;—in שָׁוֵה קִרְיָתַיִם Breishis 14:5 (see ק׳ p. 900a; ק׳ appos. according to Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 277 c Lagarde^{BN 43}; ? read שְׁוֵה); Σαυη.

↗ original

שָׁוֵה²

in proper name (place) עֵמֶק שׁ׳ Breishis 14:17 (see ע׳); Σαυη.

↗ original

שָׁוָה²

verb

set, place (Biblical Aramaic Hithpa. Targum שְׁוָא Pa. set, make (often Targum = שׂום, שׁית); Gesenius' Thesaurus and elsewhere under I. שׁ׳, orig. set, place, then set together, compare, < weakened from orig. make even, right, compare Vulg. Ar. سَوَى ii. make (Wahrm, compare also Barth^{ES 66}));—past (עבר) 1st singular שִׁוִּיתִי Tehillim 16:8 I have set י׳ before me (לְנֶגְדִּי); שׁ׳ עֵזֶר עַל Tehillim 89:20 I have placed strength upon a hero, compare Tehillim 21:6; participle (בינוני) מְשַׁוֶּה רַגְלַי כְּ Shmuel Beis 22:34 setting my feet like hinds = Tehillim 18:34 (compare Targum שַׁזִּי כְּ Breishis 48:20 Yirmiya 29:22, for שׂים כְּ);—Yeshaya 38:13 see I. שׁוה;—future (עתיד) = make, produce, 3rd masculine singular פְּרִי יְשַׁוֶּה לוֹ Hoshea 10:1 (Israel as vine), si vera l., see Wellhausen Nowack (‖ עשׂה פְּרִי Hoshea 9:16, compare Hoshea 8:7).

↗ original

שׁוּחַ

verb sink down (Buhl disting. this as II. שׁ׳ (Arabic وَاخَ (و) sink down, Mesha Inscription ^{9. 23} אשוח probably depression, excavation, reservoir, so אשיח Ecclus Ben Sira 50:3), and hence שָׁ֫חָה Mishlei 2:18, si vera l., and following deriv., from I. שׁ׳ melt away (Arabic ساح (ى) flow and spread, melt away, Ethiopic ሴሐ: I. 2 cause to dwindle, ሲሕ: phthisis, Aramaic שׁוּחַ, ܫܳܚ flow or melt away, vanish), whence Eicha 3:20 Tehillim 44:26; but insuff. evidence for I. שׁ׳ in Hebrew);—sink down,

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular שָׁ֫חָה לֶעָפָר נַפְשֵׁנוּ Tehillim 44:26 (‖ דָּֽבְקָה לָאָרֶץ); שׁ׳ אֶל־מָוֶת בֵּיתָהּ Mishlei 2:18 (‖ אֶל־רְפָאִים; but ב׳ masculine, read שָׁחָה, √ שׁחה, Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 82}, so Toy); future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תָּשׁוּחַ עָלַי נַפְשִׁי Eicha 3:26 Keri,

declar. תָּשִׁיחַ Kesiv, of depression of mind.—Tehillim 49:15 Gratz reads שָׁחוּ for Masoretic Text שַׁתּוּ but see שׁתת.—

Tehillim 42, Tehillim 43 see שׁחח.

↗ original

שׁוּחָה

noun (fem.) pit;—absolute שׁ׳ Yirmiya 2:6 land of steppe and pits (coll.); figuratively, כָּרָה שׁ׳ לִי Yirmiya 18:20, so v Yirmiya 18:22 (Keri); עֲמֻקָּה Mishlei 23:27 deep pit (in figuratively of harlot), compare Mishlei 22:14.

↗ original

שִׁיחָה

noun (fem.)the same;—כרה שׁ׳ Yirmiya 18:22 Kesiv (Keri שׁוּחָה), Tehillim 57:7; plural כ׳ שִׁיחוֹת Tehillim 119:85.

↗ original

שַׁ֫חַת

noun (fem.) pit;—absolute שׁ׳ Tehillim 7:16 +; שָׁ֑חַת Tehillim 16:10 +; construct שַׁ֫חַת Yeshaya 38:17 Tehillim 35:7; with suffix שַׁחְתָּם Yechezkel 19:4, Yechezkel 19:8 (+ שַׁחְתֹּה Tehillim 35:8 Wellhausen);—

pit, for catching lion (in figuratively) Yechezkel 19:4, Yechezkel 19:8; figuratively פעל שׁ׳ Tehillim 7:16; c. עשׂה Tehillim 9:16; c. חפר Tehillim 35:7 (transp. שׁ׳ to v b); c. כרה Tehillim 94:13 Mishlei 26:27; + Tehillim 35:8 Peshitta Wellhausen (for שׁוֹאָה); טָבַל בּשׁ׳ Iyov 9:31.

pit of Sh^e’ôl, ירד שׁ׳ Iyov 33:24; ראה (ה)שׁ׳ Tehillim 16:10 (‖ שְׁאוֹל), Tehillim 49:10; לשׁ׳, c. הוֹרִיד Yechezkel 28:8, and Tehillim 55:24 (לִבְאֵר שׁ׳); קָרֵב Iyov 33:22; יָמוּת Yeshaya 51:14; עָבַר בַּשּׁ׳ Iyov 33:28; יָרַד אֶל־שׁ׳ Tehillim 30:10; מִשּׁ׳, c. חשׁק Yeshaya 38:17 (poem), c. חְשׂךְ Iyov 33:18 (מִנִּי־); c. העלה Yonah 2:7; c. הֵשִׁיב Iyov 33:30 (מִנִּי־); c. גאל Tehillim 103:4; personif. Iyov 17:14 (‖ רִמָּה).—שׁ׳ here either = שְׁאוֹל (hollow place, cavern), or < = pit in שְׁאוֹל (compare, from Ezek. on, בּוֹר 5; also אֲבַדּוֹן, p. 2, and עִמְקֵי שְׁאוֹל Mishlei 9:18. This distinction of two parts of שְׁאוֹל became important in Jewish and Christian theology).

↗ original

שׁוּחַ²

proper name (masc.) son of Abr. and Ḳeturah, Breishis 25:2 Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:32; Σωυε, Σωε, Σουε.—In Assyrian Šuḫi is named as Aramaean land on Euphr. (left bank Tiele^{Gesch. 153} < right bank, cf. especially Schr^{KG 142 f.}; it had, however, dependencies on left bank) by TP I. (KB ^{i. 33}), Ašurnaṣirp. (the same ^{ib. 99, 101}).

↗ original

שׁוּחָה²

proper name ‘son’ of חוּר, Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:11 (Ασχα, Σουα), = חוּשָׁה v Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:4 (Ωσαν, Ουσα), see ח׳.

↗ original

שׁוּט

verb go or rove about (Mishnaic Hebrew Aramaic שׁוּט rove, row (Yonah 1:13), swim (Yeshaya 25:11), stroke, besmear; see also שׁוֹט);—

go or rove about: past (עבר) 3rd plural, absolute שָׁטוּ הָעָם Bamidbar 11:8 (J; gathering manna), so, c. ב location, future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural וַיָּשֻׁטוּ Shmuel Beis 24:8, imperative (ציווי) ms. שׁוּט־נָא v Shmuel Beis 24:2, infinitive (מקור) construct שׁוּט Iyov 1:7, שֻׁט Iyov 2:2 (both ‖ הִתְהַלֵּךְ), perhaps also Breishis 24:63 (לָשׁוּט for לָשׂוּחַ, so Peshitta Gesenius' Thesaurus ¹³²² compare Dillmann Gunk Driver); Yirmiya 8:6 Duhm reads שָׁט for שָׁב.—participle (בינוני) שָׁטִים see שׁוּט denom. below Pōʿl. go eagerly, quickly, to and fro: future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְשׁוֹטְטוּ לְבַקֵּשׁ Amos 8:12 (‖ וְנָעוּ); absolute יְשֹׁטְטוּ Daniel 12:4; c. ב location, imperative (ציווי) mpl. שׁוֹטְטוּ Yirmiya 5:1, participle (בינוני) plural מְשׁוֹטְטִים Zecharia 4:10, מְשֹׁטְטוֹת Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:9 (both of עֵינֵי י׳). Hithpōʿl. imperative (ציווי) fpl., ב location, הִתְשׁוֹטַטְנָה Yirmiya 49:3 run to and fro.

↗ original

שׁוֹט

noun (masc.) ^{Yeshaya 28:15} scourge, whip (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, so Arabic سَوْطٌ, سَاطَ (و) mix, stir about and beat; Ethiopic ሰውጥ: Aramaic שׁוֹטָא, ܫܰܘܛܳܐ; from foregoing? compare Germ. streifen; or onomat., compare swish, switch?);—שׁ׳ absolute Yeshaya 10:26 +, construct Iyov 5:21; plural שׁוֹטִים Melachim Alef 12:11 +;—

scourge, for chastisement, Melachim Alef 12:11, Melachim Alef 12:14 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 10:11, Divrei HaYamim Beis 10:12 (all c. verb יִסַּר); figuratively of national scourge (wielded by י׳) Yeshaya 10:26; Yeshaya 28:15 (Keri; > Kesiv שׁיט), v Yeshaya 28:18 (both שׁ׳ שׁוֹטֵף, see שׁטף), calamity Iyov 9:23; lash of (accusing) tongue Iyov 5:21 (read מִשּׁ׳ as Septuagint).

whip, for horse, קוֹל שׁ׳ Nachum 3:2 that is crack of whip, שׁ׳ לַסּוּס Mishlei 26:3 (‖ שֵׁבֶט לְגֵו כְּסִילִים).

↗ original

שַׁ֫יִט

n.[m.] rowing (as whipping, lashing the water);—only אֳנִי־שׁ׳ Yeshaya 33:21 rowing vessel;—Yeshaya 28:15 Kesiv see שׁוֹט.

↗ original

שׁוּט²

verbdenom. row;—participle (בינוני) plural שָׁטִים rowers Yechezkel 27:8, Yechezkel 27:26 (of Tyre as ship).

↗ original

שׁוּט³

verb treat with despite, only Ezek. (Aramaic שׁוּט, ܫܳܛ despise; compare perhaps Assyrian šâṭu, rebel, Meissn);—only

participle (בינוני), with a direct object person: mpl. (noun) הַשָּׁאטִים אוֹתָם Yechezkel 28:24, Yechezkel 28:26 (Konig^{ii. 1, 108, 346} Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 72 p); fpl. בְּנוֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּים הַשָּׁאטוֹת אוֹתָךְ Yechezkel 16:57 (Konig^{ib. 189}).

↗ original

שׁוֹלָל

see שׁלל.

↗ original

שׁוּנִי

proper name (masc.) in Gad, Breishis 46:16 Bamidbar 26:15; Σαυν(ε)ις, Σουνει, Σωυνι.

adjectivegent. of 1, c. art. = n. coll. Bamidbar 26:15.

↗ original

שׁוּנֵם

proper name (place) in Issachar;—Yehoshua 19:18, Shmuel Alef 28:4 Melachim Beis 4:8; Σουναν[μ], Σωμαν, Σουμαν, SeptuagintL Jos Συνημ; in Egyptian Ša-n-m-â, Ša-na-mḁ WMM^{As. u. Eur. 170}; mod. Sûlem, N. of Zerʿîn (Jezreel), Buhl^{G. 217}, compare G.A. Smith^{G 400 ff.}.

↗ original

שָׁוַע

verb

cry out for help (Gerb ³³ thinks denom. from שַׁוְעָה, and this from √ akin to ישׁע deliver);—past (עבר) 1st singular שִׁוַּעְתִּי Tehillim 30:3 + 3 times; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תְּשַׁוֵּ֑עַ Iyov 24:12; 2nd masculine singular תְּשַׁוַּע Yeshaya 58:9, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct with suffix שַׁוְּעִי Tehillim 28:2; Tehillim 31:23; שַׁוְעִי Tehillim 5:3 (Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 182 d), etc.; participle (בינוני) מְשַׁוֵּ֑עַ Tehillim 72:12 Iyov 29:12;—cry for help: absolute Tehillim 72:12 Iyov 19:7; Iyov 24:12; Iyov 29:12; Iyov 30:28; Iyov 35:9, + Yeshaya 38:13 Houb Lo Cheyne Duhm and elsewhere (for שִׁוִּיתִי); specif. to God Tehillim 5:3; Tehillim 18:42; Tehillim 119:147; Iyov 36:13; Yeshaya 58:9; Yonah 2:3; Chavakuk 1:2; Eicha 3:8; c. אל Tehillim 18:7; Tehillim 22:25; Tehillim 28:2 = Tehillim 31:23, Tehillim 30:3; Tehillim 88:14 + v Tehillim 88:2 (read with Weir אֱלֹהַי שִׁוַּעְתִּי יוֹם צַעֲקָתִי), Iyov 30:20; Iyov 38:41.

↗ original

שׁוּעַ³

[שֵׁוַע?] noun (masc.) cry for help; לָהֶן שׁ׳ Iyov 30:24 (Bi Dillmann Budde Duhm לֹא יְשַׁוֵּ֑עַ); שׁוּעֲךָ Iyov 36:19 (Budde Buhl שַׁוְעֲךָ, Duhm שִׂיחֲךָ).—i. שׁוּעַ see p. 447b.

↗ original

שׁוֹעַ²

n.[m.] cry, perhaps war-cry, or cry for help in war Yeshaya 22:5.—i. שׁוֹעַ see ישׁע.

↗ original

שׁוֹעַ³

i. ii. שׁוּעַ, שׁוּעָא see p. 447^b supra.

↗ original

שׁוֹעַ⁴

proper namegent. Yechezkel 23:23 usually identified with Assyrian Sutû, Sutî, nomads of Mesop. and (later) E. of Tigris, Delitzsch^{Pa 234 ff.} Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament^{ad location} Winckler^{Schrader's Keilinschriften.3. 22} Driver^{Hast.DB Koa}.

↗ original

שׁוֹפַךְ

see שׁוֹבַךְ.

↗ original

שׁוֹק

n.[f. Vayikra 7:33 compare Albr^{journal ZAW xvl (1896), 76 f.}, so Arabic, see Lane W^{AG, § 290 (δ)}] leg;—שׁ׳ absolute Shmuel Alef 9:24 +, construct Shemos 29:27 +; dual שֹׁקַיִם Devarim 28:35; Mishlei 26:7, construct שׁוֹקֵי Tehillim 147:10, with suffix שׁוֹקָיו Shir HaShirim 5:15;—leg:

of man, specif. lower leg, calf, disting. from thigh, in וַיַּךְ אוֹתָם שׁ׳ עַל־יָרֵךְ Shoftim 15:8 he smote them, leg upon thigh, that is utterly (compare G.F. Moore), Devarim 28:35 (‖ בִּרְכַּיִם), Mishlei 26:7 Tehillim 147:10; Shir HaShirim 5:15; of woman (city personif.) Yeshaya 47:2.

of sacrificial animal, specif. upper leg, thigh, hind leg, portion eaten Shmuel Alef 9:24 (compare Klein^{ZPV vl (1883), 98}, cited also by Nestle^{Marg. 13}), שׁ׳ הַיָּמִין right thigh Shemos 29:32 + 6 times P (see יָמִין), שׁ׳ הַתְּרוּמָה Vayikra 7:34 + 4 times P, thigh of contribution (see ת׳ p. 929).—Septuagint βραχίων, Vulgate armus, hence Authorized Version and elsewhere shoulder, but see Dillmann Baen Driver Devarim 18:3.

↗ original

שׁוּר

verb perhaps travel, journey (Assyrian šâru, pass along, take one’s way, Arabic سَارَ (ى) go, pass along, journey, سَيَّارَةٌ caravan, Palmyrene שירתא Lidzbarski ³⁷⁵ SAC¹¹³ Cooke²⁷¹, Syriac ܫܝܳܪܬܳܐ (? Arabic loan-wd., Frä ¹⁸⁰));—

future (עתיד) 2nd feminine singular וַתָּשֻׁרִי לַמֶּלֶךְ בַּשֶּׁמֶן Yeshaya 57:9 and thou (the apostate faction) didst journey to (the god) Melek with (thine) oil, that is bring, offer it (Cheyne Marti read וַתָּסֻכִי). participle (בינוני) fpl. שָׁרוֹתַיִךְ Yechezkel 27:25 ships of Tarshish were thy travellers (that is traders), but improbable; Krae שָׁרוֹת לָךְ בְּ journey for thee with thy wares; Toy רֹכְלַיִךְ בְּ; Co שֵֽׁרְתוּךְ served thee.

↗ original

שׁוּר²

verb behold, regard (especially Jb);—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָשׁוּר Yirmiya 5:26, with suffix יְשׁוּרֶנּוּ Iyov 34:29, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שׁוּר Iyov 35:5;—

behold, with a direct object person Bamidbar 23:9; Bamidbar 24:17 (poems in ‖ רָאָה), לֹא תְּשׁוּרֵנִי, subj. eye, Iyov 24:15, and (= I shall not exist) Iyov 7:8, compare Iyov 20:9 (subj. מְקוֹמוֹ), Iyov 17:15; God object Iyov 34:29; Iyov 35:14; look, gaze, absolute, מִן location Shir HaShirim 4:8.

regard with watchful care (subj. י׳) Hoshea 14:9; so, = notice, Iyov 35:13; regard, observe, direct object rei, God’s word Iyov 33:14 (Hitzig De Davidson and elsewhere), so, (reading 2nd masculine singular), Siegf Budde; Duhm יְשִׁיבֶנָּה he (God) retracts it not.

watch stealthily, lie in wait, כְּנָמֵר עַל־דֶּרֶךְ אָשׁוּר Hoshea 13:7 (subj. י׳; Meinh Marti אֶשְׁקֹד; Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate Wellhausen Nowack and elsewhere אַשּׁוּר), Yirmiya 5:26 (subj. wicked).—Iyov 33:27 see שׁיר.

↗ original

שׁוּר³

doubtful word, only plural with suffix וַתַּבֵּט עֵינִי בְּשׁוּרָ֑י Tehillim 92:12, read בְּשׁוֹרְרָ֑י (Baethgen and elsewhere) see following

↗ original

שׁוֹרֵר

noun (masc.) (insidious) watcher, (proposes Pōʿl. participle (בינוני), מְ׳ om., Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 52 s);—plural with suffix שׁוֹרְרַי Tehillim 56:3, שׁוֹרְרָ֑י Tehillim 5:9; Tehillim 27:11, שֹׁרְרָ֑י Tehillim 54:7; Tehillim 59:11; Tehillim 92:12 see foregoing.

↗ original

שׁוֹר

noun (masc.) Nechemia 5:18 a head of cattle, bullock, ox, etc. (often + חֲמוֹר, שֶׂה, etc.);—שׁ׳ absolute Yeshaya 1:3 +, construct Shemos 21:35 +, with suffix שׁוֹרוֹ Shemos 20:14 +, etc.; plural שְׁוָרִים Hoshea 12:12;—usually a single head of cattle, without emphasis on sex (opposite בָּקָר coll. Shemos 21:37; Bamidbar 7:3): as property, spoil of war, etc. Shemos 20:14 (E; Gi v Shemos 20:13) = Devarim 5:17, compare Devarim 5:14; Shemos 21:33 ‖ Devarim 22:4; Shemos 21:37^(×2) (‖ בָּקָר of five head), Shemos 22:3, Shemos 22:8, Shemos 22:9, Shemos 22:29; Shemos 23:12 (all E), Devarim 22:1; Breishis 49:6 (poem in J), Devarim 28:31; Shoftim 6:4; Shmuel Alef 12:3; Iyov 24:3; as licking up (לָחַךְ) grass Bamidbar 22:4, feeding Tehillim 106:20 (in ref. to golden calf), compare Yeshaya 7:25; Yeshaya 32:20; lowing Iyov 6:5; as intelligent Yeshaya 1:3, vicious (goring נָגַח) Shemos 21:28^(×3) + 11 times Shemos 21; used in ploughing Devarim 22:10, threshing Devarim 25:4, compare Mishlei 14:4; drawing wagon Bamidbar 7:3 (P; opposite בָּקָר coll.); פְּנֵי שׁ׳ Yechezkel 1:10; specif. of male †Iyov 21:10 (opposite פָּרָה), of female †Vayikra 22:28, perhaps also Bamidbar 18:17, appar. generic Devarim 15:19; Devarim 33:17 (poem, figuratively); rarely coll. Breishis 32:6 (+ צֹאן), Shemos 34:19—compare Vayikra 27:26—Yehoshua 6:21; Yehoshua 7:24 (all J), Shmuel Alef 15:3; Shmuel Alef 22:19; †as slaughtered Mishlei 7:22, for food Shmuel Alef 14:34^(×2) (but v b read (אֶת־)אֲשֶׁר with Septuagint Th Wellhausen Driver and elsewhere), Melachim Alef 1:19, Melachim Alef 1:25; Devarim 14:4; Vayikra 17:3, compare Nechemia 5:18 (שׁ׳ אֶחָר), Mishlei 15:17; for †sacrifice Shoftim 6:25 (פַּר־הַשּׁ׳, text strange, compare G.F. Moore), Tehillim 69:32 (שׁוֹר פָּר, but join פָּר to v b Baethgen), Shmuel Beis 6:13; Hoshea 12:12; Vayikra 9:4, Vayikra 9:18, Vayikra 22:23, Vayikra 22:27, Bamidbar 15:11, Devarim 17:1; Devarim 18:3, compare Vayikra 7:23; Vayikra 9:19; מִשּׁוֹר זֶבַח Vayikra 4:10; illicit sacrifice Yeshaya 66:3.

↗ original

שׁוּר⁴

n.[m.] wall (Aramaic שׁוּרָא, ܫܽܘܪܳܐ );—Breishis 49:22 (poem in J), Shmuel Beis 22:30 = Tehillim 18:30; plural with suffix שׁוּרֹתָם Iyov 24:11 their walls De Dillmann De, compare Budde; but see שׁוּרָה infra; שָׁרוֹתֶיהָ Yirmiya 5:10 = its walls, according to old versions Authorized Version Revised Version Graf Giesebrecht, read then שֻׁ׳, but see the same

↗ original

שׁוּר⁵

proper name (place) SW. of Palestine, on E. border of Egypt;—Breishis 16:7 (J; דֶּרֶךְ שׁ׳), Breishis 20:1, towards Egypt Breishis 25:18, Shmuel Alef 15:7, שׁ֫וּרָה Shmuel Alef 27:8; מִדְבַּר־שׁ׳ Shemos 15:22.—Often supposed to denote properly the ‘wall’ or line of fortresses, built by Egyptian Kings across isthmus of Suez; but doubtful: compare Driver^{Hast.DB Shur}.

↗ original

שׁוּרָה

noun (fem.) probably row of olives or vines (so Duhm Buhl and elsewhere; compare Mishnaic Hebrew שׁוּרָה, JAram. שׁוּרְתָא row, whence mod. Arabic شورة as loan-word, compare Vogelst^{Landwirthschaft 41 f.});—plural with suffix שׁוּרֹתָם Iyov 24:11 (and elsewhere ii. שׁוּר); Budde and Duhm del. with suffix; here also Yirmiya 5:10 (reading שֻׁ׳) Duhm Buhl Driver, her (vine-)rows, but see ii. שׁוּר.

↗ original

שׁוּשַׁן

noun (masc.) שׁוֹשַׁנָּה noun (fem.) usually lily, probably any lily-like flower (Tristr^{NHB 462 ff.} Post^{Hast. DB Lily} Löw^{Noldeke. 323}; Mishnaic Hebrew שׁוֹשַׁנָּה, Arabic سَوْسَنٌ (Vulg. سُوسَنٌ), especially iris, Aramaic שׁוּשַׁנְתָּא, ܫܽܘܫܰܢܬܳܐ (Payne Smith (Syriac Thesaurus) ⁴³⁴⁴), Gk. σοῦσον Lewy^{Fremdw. 48}; orig. loan-word from Egyptian sššn, šôšĕn, Erman^{ZMG xlvi (1892), 117});—lily: in simile, יִפְרַח כַּשּׁוֹשַׁנָּה Hoshea 14:6 (of Isr.), כְּשׁוֹ׳ בֵּין הַחוֹחִים Shir HaShirim 2:2 (simile of bride), so construct שׁוֹשַׁנַּת הָעֲמָקִים v Shir HaShirim 2:1 (compare חֲבַצֶּלֶת); plural שׁוֹשַׁנִּים Shir HaShirim 2:16; Shir HaShirim 4:5; Shir HaShirim 6:2, Shir HaShirim 6:3; Shir HaShirim 7:3 and (figuratively of lover’s lips) Shir HaShirim 5:13; of flower-shaped capitals of pillars, מַעֲשֵׂה שׁוּשַׁן Melachim Alef 7:19, מ׳ שׁוֹשָׁ֑ן v Melachim Alef 7:22; compare פֶּרַח שׁוֹשָׁ֑ן of brim of molten sea v Melachim Alef 7:26, ‖ פ׳ שׁוֹשַׁנָּה Divrei HaYamim Beis 4:5; elsewhere only ψ-titles: עַל־שֹׁשַׁנִּים Tehillim 45:1; Tehillim 69:1, עַל־שׁוּשַׁן עֵדוּת Tehillim 60:1, אֶל־שֹׁשַׁנִּים עֵדוּת Tehillim 80:1; meaning not clear, see Baethgen et commentaries and elsewhere; yet compare עֵדוּת, under עוד.

↗ original

שׁוּשַׁן²

proper name (place) Susa, winter residence of Persian kings; Σουσαν, ἐν Σουσοις (cuneif. Šûšan Delitzsch^{Pa 326} Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament Nechemia 1:1 Billerbeck ^Susa Say^{Hast. DB Shushan});—שׁ׳ הַבִּירָה Nechemia 1:1 (9th month, כִּסְלֵו), Daniel 8:2 (in Elam), Esther 1:2, Esther 1:5; Esther 2:3, Esther 2:5, Esther 2:8; Esther 3:15; Esther 8:14; Esther 9:6, Esther 9:11, Esther 9:12 (12th month, אֲדָר, v Esther 9:1); הַבּ׳ om., שׁוּשָׁ֑ן Esther 4:8, Esther 4:16 and (month אֲדָר) Esther 9:13, Esther 9:14, Esther 9:15^(×2), Esther 9:18; הָעִיר שׁ׳ Esther 3:15; Esther 8:15.

↗ original

שׁוּשַׁק

proper name (masc.) Melachim Alef 14:25 Kesiv, Keri שִׁישַׁק q.see

↗ original

שׁוּתֶ֫לַח

proper name (masc.) in Ephraim, Bamidbar 26:35; Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:21, שׁוּתָ֑לַח v Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:20; Bamidbar 26:36; Σουταλα, Σωθαλα, etc., SeptuagintL Σουθαλα(αμ).

↗ original

שֹׁ֫חַד

noun (masc.) present, specif. bribe;—שׁ׳ absolute Yeshaya 1:23 + 22 times;—bribe, usually to pervert justice, object of לָקַח Shemos 23:8, = Devarim 16:19; Devarim 10:17; Shmuel Alef 8:3; Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:7 Tehillim 15:5; Mishlei 17:23; + inf., take bribe to do something, Devarim 27:25; Yechezkel 22:12; אָהַב שׁ׳ Yeshaya 1:23; compare also Yeshaya 5:23; Yeshaya 33:15 Shemos 23:8 = Devarim 16:19, Micha 3:11 Tehillim 26:10; Mishlei 17:8; Mishlei 21:14; אָהֳלֵי־שׁ׳ Iyov 15:34, that is abode of bribe-givers; שׁ׳ Mishlei 6:35 (‖ כֹּפֶר) is hush-money, or (poss.) legal compensation (compare Toy); שׁ׳ elsewhere (c. שָׁלַח) of bribing king to take sides Melachim Alef 15:19; Melachim Beis 16:8, compare Yeshaya 45:13 (‖ מְחִיר).

↗ original

שָׁחָה

verb bow down (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; J Aramaic שְׁחִי (rare); akin to שׁוח, שׁחח);—

imperative (ציווי) fs. שְׁחִי Yeshaya 51:23 bow down.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix יַשְׁחֶ֑נָּה Mishlei 12:25, figuratively, anxiety depresses it (sc. לֵב; opposite שִׂמֵּחַ). Hithpaʿlēl₁₇₀ (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 75 kk) past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה Yechezkel 46:2; 2nd masculine singular הִשְׁתַּחֲוִ֫יתָ Devarim 4:19 + 3 times; 1st singular הִשְׁתַּחֲוֵ֫יתִי Shmuel Alef 16:4 + 2 times; 3rd masculine plural הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ Yirmiya 8:2, etc.; future (עתיד) יִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה Shmuel Beis 15:32 + 3 times; apoc. יִשְׁתַּ֫חוּ Yeshaya 44:17 +; 3rd masculine plural יִשְׁתַּחֲווּ Breishis 49:8 +; 2nd feminine plural תִּשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֫יןָ Breishis 33:6; Breishis 37:7, etc.; imperative (ציווי) fs. הִשְׁתַּחֲוִי Tehillim 45:12; mpl. הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ Tehillim 29:2 +; infinitive (מקור) construct הִשְׁתַּחֲוֹת Breishis 37:10 +; with suffix הִשְׁתַּחֲוָיָ֙תִי֙ Melachim Beis 5:18 (but Septuagint Vulgate and mod. -חֲוֹתוֹ); participle (בינוני) מִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה Melachim Beis 19:37, etc.; מִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתֶם Yechezkel 8:16, read -וִים all mod.;—

bow down, prostrate oneself, before a monarch or superior, in homage, etc.:

c. ל, after descriptive cl. (especially with קדד, נפל 3 b, q.see), Shmuel Alef 24:9; Breishis 43:28 Shmuel Beis 14:4, Shmuel Beis 14:22; Rus 2:10; Melachim Alef 1:31; Melachim Beis 4:37 + 6 times, + (after כָּרַע) Esther 3:2^(×2), Esther 3:5.

c. ל, followed by phr. (לפני) על אפים ארצה Shmuel Beis 14:33 Melachim Alef 1:23; לאפים Breishis 48:12 Shmuel Beis 18:28; אפים Breishis 42:6 + 4 times; om. אפים Breishis 33:3 + 3 times; עַל כַּפּוֹת רַגְלַיִךְ Yeshaya 60:14.

c. לְ person only, Breishis 23:7 Breishis 27:29^(×2); Breishis 37:9, Breishis 49:8 Shemos 11:8 + 8 times; c. לפני Breishis 23:12; c. אל Yeshaya 45:14 (‖ התפלּל); absolute Breishis 33:6, Breishis 33:7^(×2), Shemos 18:7 Shmuel Beis 9:8; Shmuel Beis 16:4; Yeshaya 49:7.

before God, in worship, etc.:

c. לְ, after descriptive phr.: קדד ארצה Shemos 34:8; ארצה om. Breishis 24:26, Breishis 24:48 + 4 times; כרע אפים ארצה Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:3; כרע Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:29; נפל ארצה Iyov 1:20; נפל לפני Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:18.

followed by phr.: קדד וישׁ׳ ל׳ אפים ארצה Nechemia 8:6; ארצה ל׳ Breishis 24:52; השׁ׳ ונכרעה Tehillim 95:6; השׁ׳ ל׳ בְּהַדְרַת קֹדֶשׁ Tehillim 29:2; Tehillim 96:9 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:29; אֶל־הֵיכָל (looking towards) Tehillim 5:8; Tehillim 138:2; לַהֲדֹם רגלים Tehillim 99:5; Tehillim 132:7.

c. לְ only: Shmuel Alef 1:28 (but read וַתַּנִּחֵהוּ SeptuagintL and mod.), Shmuel Alef 15:25; Yirmiya 7:2 Tehillim 66:4 + 9 times; c. לפני Devarim 26:10; Yeshaya 66:23 + 4 times; c. בְ location Yeshaya 27:13; c. לְ location Tehillim 99:9; absolute Breishis 22:5 Shoftim 7:15 + 5 times; direct object location Shemos 33:10 Yirmiya 26:2 Yechezkel 46:3; לפני (ה)מזבח Yeshaya 36:7 = Melachim Beis 18:22 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:12; c. על location Breishis 47:31 Melachim Alef 1:47 Yechezkel 46:2; מֵרָחֹק afar off Shemos 24:1.

before angel in theoph.: after cl. c. נפל, קדד, Yehoshua 5:14; Bamidbar 22:31; followed by אפים ארצה Breishis 19:1; ארצה Breishis 18:2 (all J).

before other gods: absolute Yeshaya 2:20; Yeshaya 44:15, Yeshaya 44:17; Yeshaya 46:6; direct object location Melachim Beis 5:18^(×3); Melachim Beis 19:37 = Yeshaya 37:38; c. לְ, Shemos 20:5 = Devarim 5:9 (10 words), Shemos 23:24, Bamidbar 25:2, Yehoshua 23:7, Devarim 8:19; Devarim 11:16; Melachim Alef 16:31 + 34 times; c. על, Vayikra 26:1; לפני Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:14 (‖ קטּר).

↗ original

שָׁחַח

verb bow, be bowed down, crouch (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; TelAm. šaḫâḫu (Winckler^{TelAm. Vocab.}), prostrate oneself, probably Canaanism; Assyrian šaḫâḫu is oppress, torment);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular consec. וְשַׁח Yeshaya 2:11, Yeshaya 2:17, 1st singular שַׁח֫וֹתִי Tehillim 38:7, שַׁחֹ֫תִי Tehillim 35:14, 3rd plural שָֽׁתֲחוּ Iyov 9:13, שַׁחוּ Chavakuk 3:6; Mishlei 14:19; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָשֹׁחַ Tehillim 10:10, 3rd masculine plural יָשֹׁ֫חוּ Iyov 38:40, וַיָּשֹׁ֫חוּ Tehillim 107:39; infinitive (מקור) construct (= absolute, as adverb, Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 118 q Konig^{ii. 2, §§ 221, 402 d} compare also Barth^{NB 164}) שְׁחוֹח Yeshaya 60:14;—

be bowed down, prostrated, humbled, by י׳, Yeshaya 2:11, Yeshaya 2:17 (both ‖ שָׁפֵל), Chavakuk 3:6 (of hills), Iyov 9:13 (תַּחְתָּו שׁ׳), Tehillim 107:39 (+ מָעַט); by man Tehillim 10:10.

bow in homage, לִפְנֵי person Mishlei 14:19; וְהָֽלְכוּ אֵלַיִךְ שְׁחוֹחַ Yeshaya 60:14 (‖ הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ).

bow, of mourner (קֹדֵר), Tehillim 35:14; Tehillim 38:7.

crouch, of wild beast in lair Iyov 38:40.

future (עתיד) be prostrated, humbled: וַיִּשַּׁח אָדָם Yeshaya 2:9 (‖ שָׁפֵל) = Yeshaya 5:15 (‖ the same); be reduced, weakened, יִשַּׁ֫חוּ כָּל־בְּנוֹת הַשִּׁיר Koheles 12:4; = proceed humbly, of words מֵעָפָר Yeshaya 29:4 (‖ שָׁפֵל).

prostrate, lay low, city, walls, etc.; past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הֵשַׁח Yeshaya 25:12; Yeshaya 26:5 (both ‖ הִשְׁפִּיל). Hithpōʿ. be cast down, despairing: future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תִּשְׁתּוֹחָ֑ח Tehillim 42:7, 2nd feminine singular תִּשְׁתּוֹחֲחִי v Tehillim 42:6, Tehillim 42:12; Tehillim 43:5 (all c. subj. נַפְשִׁי).

↗ original

שָׁחַט

verb slaughter, beat (orig. beat, flay? compare Assyrian šaḫâṭu, flay, take off dress; Arabic سَحَطَ slay (but ح = ḫ; is this loan-word in Arabic?); Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew, especially in ritual);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Yirmiya 39:6 +, with suffix וּשְׁחָטוֹ consec. Vayikra 3:2, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁחַט Vayikra 4:24 +, 2nd feminine singular וַתִּשְׁחֲטִי Yechezkel 16:21, 3rd masculine plural with suffix וַיִּשְׁחָט֫וּהוּ Shoftim 12:6; imperative (ציווי) mpl. שַׁחֲטוּ Shemos 12:21; Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:6; infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׁחֹט Yeshaya 22:13; construct לִשְׁחֹט Breishis 22:10, -וֹט Yechezkel 40:39, with suffix שַׁחֲטָם (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 64 a) Yechezkel 23:39; participle (בינוני) active שׁוֹחֵט Yeshaya 66:3, etc.; passive שָׁחוּט Melachim Alef 10:16 +, etc.;—slaughter:

beast for food Shmuel Alef 14:32, Shmuel Alef 14:34^(×2); Yeshaya 22:13 (‖ הָרַג), compare Vayikra 17:3^(×2), for blood Breishis 37:31.

us. (51 times; Hexateuch chiefly P, 38 times) term. techn. of killing sacrifice (BJacob^{journal ZAW xvii (1897), 51}), Shmuel Alef 1:25; Shemos 29:11; Shemos 34:25, Vayikra 1:5, Vayikra 1:11; Vayikra 4:24; Vayikra 9:8; Bamidbar 19:3; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:22^(×2), Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:24 +; absolute Yechezkel 40:41 (אֶל location); bird Vayikra 14:5, Vayikra 14:6, Vayikra 14:50, Vayikra 14:51; beast in illicit sacrifice Yeshaya 66:3; with a direct object of sacrifice (עוֹלָה, אָשָׁם, חַטָּאת, etc.) Yechezkel 40:39 (אֶל location), v Yechezkel 40:42; Yechezkel 44:11; Vayikra 4:24; Vayikra 7:2; Vayikra 14:13 +; passover lamb †Shemos 12:6, direct object הַפֶּסַח †v Shemos 12:21; Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:15; Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:1, Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:6, Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:11; Ezra 6:20.

slaughter person Shoftim 12:6 Melachim Alef 18:40; Melachim Beis 10:7, Melachim Beis 10:14 (אֶל location), Melachim Beis 25:7 = Yirmiya 39:6 = Yirmiya 52:10; Yirmiya 39:6 = Yirmiya 52:10; Yirmiya 41:7; י׳ subj. Bamidbar 14:16; in human sacrifice Breishis 22:10, to false gods Yechezkel 16:21; Yechezkel 23:39; Yeshaya 57:5.

pt. passive = beaten, hammered, זָהָב שָׁחוּט Melachim Alef 10:16, Melachim Alef 10:17 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:15, Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:16, of shekels Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:15; so also Yirmiya 9:7 Keri חֵץ שָׁחוּט (> Kesiv שׁוֹחֵט) hammered (that is sharpened) arrow.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשָּׁחֵט Bamidbar 11:22 be slaughtered for food (subj. beast); 3rd feminine singular תִּשָּׁחֵט Vayikra 6:18^(×2) be slain, of sacrifice.

↗ original

שַׁחֲטָה

noun (fem.) (Qal infinitive (מקור) construct Konig^{i. 263}) doubtful word;—וְשׁ׳ שֵׂטִים הֶעְמִיקוּ Hoshea 5:2 Revised Version (compare Authorized Version) the revolters are gone deep in slaughtering [‘Opferschlächterei’ Konig^{ii 1. 590, n. 1}], Ewald Nowack (formerly), Cheyne in corrupting (read then שַׁחֲתָה); Wellhausen Nowack G.A. Smith Marti שַׁחַת הַשִּׁטִּים have made deep the pit of Shiṭṭim (as place of idolatry).

↗ original

שְׁחִין

see שׁחן.

↗ original

שָׁחִיס

Yeshaya 37:30 = סָחִישׁ (in ‖ Melachim Beis 19:29), q.see

↗ original

שַׁ֫חַל

noun (masc.) lion (poet.);—absolute שׁ׳ Hoshea 5:14 +, שָׁ֑חַל Iyov 4:10 +;—lion, simile of י׳, toward Israel Hoshea 5:14 (‖ כְּפִיר), Hoshea 13:7 (‖ נָמֵר); of guilty men Iyov 4:10 (‖ אַרְיֵה, כְּפִירִים); figuratively of foes Tehillim 91:13 (‖ כְּפִיר); lion, as hunted Iyov 10:16 (in simile); literally Iyov 28:8; Mishlei 26:13

↗ original

שְׁחִין²

noun (masc.) boil, coll. eruption;—on man Melachim Beis 20:7 = Yeshaya 38:21, שׁ׳ רָ֑ע Devarim 28:35; Iyov 2:7; possibly leprous Vayikra 13:18, Vayikra 13:19, Vayikra 13:20, צָרֶ֫בֶת הַשּׁ׳ Vayikra 13:23 (see צ׳; all P), in Egypt, on man and beast Shemos 9:9, Shemos 9:10, Shemos 9:11^(×2) (all P), construct שְׁחִין מִצְרַיִם Devarim 28:27.

↗ original

שַׁ֫חַץ

n.[m.] dignity, pride;—בְנֵי־שָׁ֑חַץ that is majestic wild beasts Iyov 28:8 (‖ שָׁ֑חַל), Iyov 41:26.

↗ original

שָׁחַר

verb be black (Mishnaic Hebrew שָׁחוֹר and deriv., black, blackness, etc., Ecclus Ben Sira 25:17 Hiph. make black; Aramaic שְׁחַר (Jastr Dalman), Aph. grow black, so ܫܚܰܪ, ܫܘܽܚܳܪܳܐ coal; Jäger^{BAS ii. 295} cp. Assyrian šûru, coal);

past (עבר) שׁ׳, of skin Iyov 30:30.

↗ original

שָׁחֹר

adjective black;—שׁ׳ of hair Vayikra 13:31, Vayikra 13:37, so fpl. שְׁחֹרוֹת Shir HaShirim 5:11; of skin, fs. שְׁחוֹרָה Shir HaShirim 1:5; of horses, mpl. שְׁחֹרִים Zecharia 6:2, Zecharia 6:6.

↗ original

שַׁ֫חַר

noun (masc.) ^{Breishis 19:15} dawn;—absolute שׁ׳ Shmuel Alef 9:26 +, שָׁ֑חַר Shoftim 19:25 +; הַשַּׁחַר Breishis 19:15; Tehillim 22:1;—dawn, c. עָלָה rise Breishis 19:15; Breishis 32:25, Breishis 32:27; Yehoshua 6:15 (all J), Shoftim 19:25; Shmuel Alef 9:26; Nechemia 4:15; Yonah 4:7; opposite עֵיפָה Amos 4:13; as adverb at dawn Tehillim 57:9 = Tehillim 108:3; עַפְעַפֵּי־שׁ׳ Iyov 3:9; Iyov 41:10; כַּנִפֵי־שׁ׳ Tehillim 139:9; Tehillim 110:3 read probably רֶחֶם שׁ׳ (see מִשְׁחָר below); שׁ׳ also Iyov 38:12, in simile Hoshea 6:3 (but read כְּשַׁחֲרֵנוּ כֵּן נִמְצָאֵהוּ as inf., see following, Giesebrecht^{Beitr. 208} Wellhausen Nowack G.A. Smith Marti), Yeshaya 58:8; Shir HaShirim 6:10; Yoel 2:2 (and elsewhere blackness, ‖ עָנָן וַעֲרָפֶל); בֶּן־שׁ׳ Yeshaya 14:12 (of star, figuratively of royal splendour;—literally as myth Robertson Smith^{K 300}); אֵין לוֹ שׁ׳ Yeshaya 8:20 is obscure, so also בַּשּׁ׳ Hoshea 10:15 (Wellhausen in storm, that is בַּשַּׂעַר).—Yeshaya 47:11 usually, but improbably, dawn (origin) of calamity: JHMich Hitzig Ewald Röd (Gesenius' Thesaurus) De Dillmann and elsewhere charm away (Revised Version margin) (Arabic سَحَرَ enchant (Wellhausen^{Heid. 2. 159, 200}), سِحْرٌ enchantment [= Sabean סחר D.H. Müller^{Hofmus. 24. 1}]); but see [שָׁחַד]. Also צֶרֶת הַשַּׁחַר see p. 886.

↗ original

שָׁחַר²

verbdenom. look early, diligently for (late; orig. look for dawn);—

participle (בינוני) שֹׁחֵר טוֹב Mishlei 11:27 (‖ בִּקֵּשׁ, דָּרַשׁ), elsewhere

with a direct object (with suffix) past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular with suffix שִׁחֲרוֹ מוּסָר Mishlei 13:24 seeks him early (with) discipline (chastises him betimes); 2nd masculine singular with suffix consec. וְשִׁחַרְתַּ֫נִי וְאֵינֶנִּי Iyov 7:21; literally infinitive (מקור) לְשַׁחֵר פָּנֶיךָ Mishlei 7:15; of wild asses, participle (בינוני) מְשַׁחֲרֵי לַטָּ֑רֶף Iyov 24:5 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 130 u) seeking eagerly for their food; usually of seeking God (י׳) earnestly, past (עבר) וְשִׁחֲרוּ־אֵל Tehillim 78:34 (‖ דָּרַשׁ), future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular תְּשַׁהֵר אֶל־אֵל Iyov 8:5 (si vera l.), 3rd masculine plural with suffix יְשַׁחֲרֻנְנִי (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 60 e) Hoshea 5:15 (‖ בִּקֵּשׁ), + Hoshea 6:3 (see שַׁחַר), and, direct object wisdom, Mishlei 1:28, participle (בינוני) with suffix מְשַׁחֲרַי Mishlei 8:17; seek with longing, long for (י׳), אֲשַׁחֲרֶ֑ךָּ Yeshaya 26:9 Tehillim 63:2.

↗ original

שָׁחַת

verb go to ruin (?), only der. spec. (Mishnaic Hebrew Hiph. = Biblical Hebrew, Ecclus. שחיתה Ben Sira 30:11 corrupt act; Arabic سَحَتَ extirpate; Ethiopic ሰሐጠ: injure, violate; TelAm. šaḫâtu is fall (especially of city), be prostrate (? of land), perhaps Canaanism (see Winckler^{TelAm. Vocab.}), Assyrian poss. šêtu, flee, escape (compare אבד); Old Aramaic (Zinj.) שחת destroy Lidzbarski³⁷⁴, Aramaic שְׁחַת, ܫܰܚܶܛ (assim. of ܬ), mutilate;—very improb. Gerber¹⁷⁹ denom. from שַׁחַת);—

be marred, spoiled, past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִשְׁחַת, of waistcloth Yirmiya 13:7, vessel Yirmiya 18:4; be injured, or even (hyperb.) ruined, future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תִּשָּׁחֵת Shemos 8:20 of land (מִפְּנֵי הֶעָרֹב); be corrupted, corrupt, in morals and rel., of earth, past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular נִשְׁחָ֑תָה Breishis 6:12, future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular וַתִּשּׁ׳ לִפְנֵי הָא׳ v Breishis 6:11; so participle (בינוני) fpl. as adjective נִשְׁחָתוֹת Yechezkel 20:44.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שִׁחֵת Shemos 32:7 +, with suffix שִׁחֶתְךָ Hoshea 13:9; 2nd masculine singular שִׁחַתָּ Yeshaya 14:20 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) mpl. שַׁחֵ֑תוּ Yirmiya 5:10; infinitive (מקור) construct שַׁחֵת Breishis 13:10 +, etc.;—

spoil, ruin, direct object of eye Shemos 21:26, vineyard Yirmiya 12:10 (figuratively), branches Nachum 2:3 (figuratively), also = destroy, direct object person Shmuel Beis 1:14; Shmuel Beis 14:11 (direct object om.), Yechezkel 5:16; Yechezkel 20:17, כָּל־בָּשָׂר Breishis 6:17; Breishis 9:15, city, fortress, etc., Breishis 13:10; Breishis 19:13, Breishis 19:29 (all J); Shmuel Beis 24:16; Yirmiya 5:10 (direct object om.) Yirmiya 48:18; Yechezkel 26:4; Yechezkel 43:3; Eicha 2:5, ruin temple v Eicha 2:6, nation Hoshea 11:9; Hoshea 13:9 (read perhaps שִׁחַתִּךָ Oort Nowack), land Melachim Beis 19:12 (Hiph. in ‖ Yeshaya 37:12), Shoftim 6:5 Yehoshua 22:33, Yechezkel 22:30; Yechezkel 30:11, earth Breishis 9:11; c. ל object (ל 3 b), city Shmuel Alef 23:11, person Bamidbar 32:15; with a direct object רַחֲמָיו Amos 1:11, destroyed (stifled) his compassion (or, Robertson Smith^{K 28} and elsewhere, the bonds of kinship, see רַחֲמִים), בְּרִית Malachi 2:8, that is violate it, see especially וְשׁ׳ אַרְצָה (sc. semen) Breishis 38:9 he spoiled (it) upon the ground, made it ineffective, = waste words Mishlei 23:8.

pervert, corrupt, direct object wisdom Yechezkel 28:17, absolute = deal corruptly, חֶעֱמִיקוּ שִׁחֵתוּ Hoshea 9:9 (compare [עָמֹק], p. 770b; but Wellhausen Nowack read שַׁחְתּוֹ, √ שׁוח), Shemos 32:7, Devarim 9:12, so שׁ׳ לוֹ Devarim 32:5.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִשְׁחִית Breishis 6:12 +; 1st singular וְהִשְׁחַתִּ֫י Yirmiya 51:20, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַשְׁחִית Daniel 8:24 +, יַשְׁחִת Malachi 3:11 +, וַיַּשְׁחֵת Divrei HaYamim Alef 20:1; 2nd feminine singular וַתַּשְׁחִתִי Yechezkel 16:47, 2nd masculine plural תַּשְׁחִתוּן Devarim 4:16; Devarim 31:29; imperative (ציווי) ms. with suffix הַשְׁחִיתָהּ Melachim Beis 18:25 = Yeshaya 36:10; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַשְׁחֵת Devarim 31:29; construct הַשְׁחִית Shmuel Alef 26:15 +, etc.; participle (בינוני) מַשְׁחִית Breishis 19:14 +, etc.;—

spoil, ruin, direct object crop Shoftim 6:4; Malachi 3:11, trees Devarim 20:19, Devarim 20:20; Yirmiya 11:19 (figuratively), vessels Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:19, houses Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:11, palaces Yirmiya 6:5, compare Yeshaya 65:8; Vayikra 19:27, Rus 4:6; הִשׁ׳ דַּיָּם Yirmiya 49:9 thieves damage as much as they want; direct object person = ruin, destroy, Shmuel Alef 26:9, Shmuel Alef 26:15 Shoftim 20:21, Shoftim 20:25 (+ אַ֫רְצָה), v Shoftim 20:35, Shoftim 20:42; Melachim Beis 13:23; Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:23 (+ מִן separ.), + 12 times, + (direct object person om.) Yeshaya 51:13 + 4 times, direct object בֵּית דָּוִד Divrei HaYamim Beis 21:7, absolute Yeshaya 11:9 = Yeshaya 65:25; also ruin one (by words) Mishlei 11:9; direct object עַם Shmuel Beis 24:16; Devarim 9:26; land Shmuel Alef 6:5; Yirmiya 36:29; Daniel 11:17 (see Driver); city wall Shmuel Beis 20:15 (Ewald Th here denom. from שַׁחַת they were making a pit; < Septuagint We (?) Klo Dr Bu HPS Now מְהַשְּׁבִים were devising), Eicha 2:8, cities and nations Breishis 18:28^(×2) (J, direct object om.), Breishis 19:13, Breishis 19:14, Yeshaya 37:12 (Pi. in ‖ Melachim Beis 19:12), Yeshaya 36:10^(×2) = Melachim Beis 18:25^(×2) + 11 times + (Israel personif.) Devarim 4:31; Devarim 10:10; Melachim Beis 8:19, pride of Judah Yirmiya 13:9, earth Yirmiya 51:1; absolute c. adverb direct object Daniel 8:24 (see Driver; Bev conjunction יְשׂחֵחַ or יָשִׂיחַ utter monstrous things), compare Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:12; participle (בינוני) as adjective, of lion Yirmiya 2:30, angel Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:15; = destroyer Shemos 12:23, Yirmiya 22:7; Yeshaya 54:16, מ׳ גּוֹיִם Yirmiya 4:7, רוּח מ׳ Yirmiya 51:1; singular coll. (הַמּ׳ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 126 i; the destroying band, compare Driver Budde Nowack) Shmuel Alef 13:17; Shmuel Alef 14:15 (spoilers, ravagers); figuratively for snare, trap, Yirmiya 5:26.

pervert, corrupt, morally, direct object דֶּרֶךְ Breishis 6:12 (P; see דֶּרֶךְ 6), נַפְשׁוֹ Mishlei 6:32, compare Tzefania 3:7; Yechezkel 23:11 (מִן comp.); הִשׁ׳ הִתְעִיבוּ עֲלִילָה Tehillim 14:1 = Tehillim 53:2; הַשְׁהֵת תַּשְׁח׳ (+ verb of particular act) Devarim 4:16; Devarim 31:29; declar. = act corruptly, Yeshaya 1:4; Devarim 4:25 (+ verb of act), Divrei HaYamim Beis 27:2, + מִן comp. Shoftim 2:19; Yechezkel 16:47; participle (בינוני) as noun Yirmiya 6:28, אִישׁ מַשׁ׳ Mishlei 28:24 (Mishlei 18:9 see infra).—אַל־תַּשְׁחֵת destroy not (catchword of old song or melody?) in ψ-titles: †Tehillim 57:1; Tehillim 58:1; Tehillim 59:1; Tehillim 75:1.

participle (בינוני) מָשְׁחָת spoiled, ruined, of a spring, מָקוֹר Mishlei 25:26 (‖ מַעְיָן נִרְפָּשׂ); as noun Malachi 1:14 sacrificing a spoiled thing.

↗ original

שַׁ֫חַת²

see שׁוח.

↗ original

שִׁטָּה

noun (fem.) acacia, tree and wood (= שִׁנְטָה*, Arabic سَنْطٌ, probably loan-word from Egyptian šndt, šond^et, Gesenius' Thesaurus¹⁴⁵² Erman^{ZMG xivi (1892), 120});—growing in dry places; especially acacia (mimosa) Nilotica; compare Robinson^{BR ii. 20}, or and seyyâl Post^{Flora 298 f. Hast. DB Shittah-tree} Tristr^{NHB 390 ff.};—שׁ׳ singular Yeshaya 41:19 (to grow in desert); usually plural, עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים shiṭṭîm wood, material of ark, altars, staves, etc., in tabern., Devarim 10:3; Shemos 25:5, Shemos 25:10, Shemos 25:13 + 19 times Shemos 25-38; עֲצֵי om., עַמּוּדֵי שׁ׳ pillars of shiṭṭîm (wood), Shemos 26:32, Shemos 26:37; Shemos 36:36.

↗ original

שָׁטַח

verb spread, spread abroad (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic سَطَحَ spread out; so Ethiopic ሰጥሐ: Aramaic שְׁטַח, ܫܛܰܚ );—

past (עבר) 3rd plural with suffix consec. וּשְׁטָחוּם לַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Yirmiya 8:2 they shall spread them abroad, etc., direct object of many separate things, so future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular וַתִּשְׁטַח Shmuel Beis 17:19 (עַל location; disting. from פָּרַשׂ spread covering); 3rd masculine plural + infinitive (מקור) absolute וַיִּשְׁטְחוּ לָהֶם שָׁטוֹחַ Bamidbar 11:32 they spread (sc. the quails) for themselves all abroad round about the camp (that is to dry them; Vulgate siccaverunt; compare Dillmann Gray); participle (בינוני) שֹׁטֵחַ לַגּוֹיִם Iyov 12:23 expanding the nations (compare ל 3 b).

past (עבר) 1st singular שִׁטַּחְתִּי אֵלֶיךָ כַפָּ֑י Tehillim 88:10 I have spread out unto thee my palms.

↗ original

שָׁטַף

verb overflow, rinse or wash off (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, so J.Aramaic שְׁטַף; Assyrian šaṭâpu, overflow, Arabic سطف the same, Cuche);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Yeshaya 8:8 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיִּשְׁטֹף Melachim Alef 22:38, etc.; participle (בינוני) שׁוֹטֵף Yeshaya 10:22 +, plural שֹׁטְפִים Yeshaya 28:2;—

overflow, of river Yeshaya 8:8; Yirmiya 47:2a (see נַחַל), Daniel 11:10, Daniel 11:40, all figuratively of invading army, compare Yeshaya 28:15 (qy. by Stade^{ThLZ, Apr. 1894, 235}, Duhm Marti read שׁוֹט שֹׁטֵט), v Yeshaya 28:18 (see שׁוֹט), also (simile of י׳ in judgment) v Yeshaya 28:2 (מַיִם), Yeshaya 30:28, of judicial destruction, שׁוֹטֵף צְדָקָה Yeshaya 10:22; with a direct object of land Yirmiya 47:2b, person (figuratively) Yeshaya 43:2 (נְהָרוֹת), Tehillim 69:3 (שִׁבֹּלֶת), v Tehillim 69:16 (שׁ׳ מַיִם), Tehillim 124:4 (מַיִם), compare Yeshaya 28:17 Shir HaShirim 8:7; גֶּשֶׁם שׁוֹטֵף flooding rain (of י׳’s judgment) Yechezkel 13:11, Yechezkel 13:13; Yechezkel 38:22; נַחַל שׁוֹטֵף Yeshaya 66:12, simile, in good sense.—Abs. Daniel 11:26 see Niph.—Fig. of dashing, rushing horse, כְּסוּס שׁוֹ׳ בַּמִּלְחָמָה Yirmiya 8:6.

flow, run, literally of נַחַל Tehillim 78:20 Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:4.

literally, rinse or wash off, with a direct object of thing washed Melachim Alef 22:38, יָדָיו בַּמָּ֑יִם Vayikra 15:11; of stain Yechezkel 16:9 (מֵעָלַיִךְ; ‖ רָחַץ); עֲפַר־אָ֑רֶץ Iyov 14:19.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשָּׁטֵף בַּמַּיִם Vayikra 15:12 be rinsed out, off (P; of wooden vessel); 3rd masculine plural יִשָּֽׁטְפוּ מִלְּפָנָיו Daniel 11:22 be swept away (defeated), read probably יִשָּׁטֵף (for יִשְׁטֹף), also v Daniel 11:26 (compare Driver).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular וּמֹרַק וְשֻׁטַּף בַּמָּ֑יִם Vayikra 6:21 it shall be scoured and rinsed.

↗ original

שֹׁטֵר

noun (masc.) official, officer (proposes scribe, secretary? or from original meaning as arranger, organizer?);—absolute שׁ׳ Mishlei 6:7, שׁו׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:11; plural שֹׁטְרִים Devarim 1:15 +, etc.;—appar. subordinate officer, judicial, civil or military (compare Driver Devarim 1:15 Gray Bamidbar 11:16): organizing people for marching Yehoshua 1:10; Yehoshua 3:2 (both E), compare Devarim 20:5, Devarim 20:8, Devarim 20:9; appointed over Isr. by Egyptian overseers Shemos 5:14, compare v Shemos 5:6, Shemos 5:10, Shemos 5:15, Shemos 5:19 (all J); elsewhere + זְקֵנִים Bamidbar 11:16, Devarim 29:9; Devarim 31:28; + שׁ פְטִים Devarim 16:18 Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:4; Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:29, + ז׳ et שֹׁפ׳ Yehoshua 8:33 (R^D), and (+ רָאשִׁים) Yehoshua 23:2 (R^D), Yehoshua 24:1 (E, or R^D); שֹׁט׳ as minor judges also Devarim 1:15; שֹׁט׳ הַמְשָֽׁרְתִים אֶת־הַמֶּלֶךְ Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:1, chosen from Levites Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:11; Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:13 (+ סוֹפְרִים, שׁוֹעֲרִים); as title of individ. Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:11 (‖ הַסּוֹפֵר); of ant, אֵין־לָהּ קָצִין שֹׁטֵר וּמֹשֵׁל Mishlei 6:7.

↗ original

שִׁטְרַי

proper name (masc.) an official of David, Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:29 Kesiv (> Keri שִׁרְטִי); Ασαρταις, Σατραι.

↗ original

שַׁי

noun (masc.) gift offered as homage (√ doubtful; perhaps in spite of שׁ = ش Arabic شَيِىَٔ, verb wish, شَىْءٌ thing (weakened from thing desired); compare חֵפֶץ 4);—יוּבַל שׁ׳ Yeshaya 18:7, יֹבִילוּ שׁ׳ Tehillim 76:12, יוֹב׳ שָׁ֑י Tehillim 68:30.

↗ original

שָׁיָה

verb only

future (עתיד) apoc. צוּר יְלָֽדְךָ תֶּ֑שִׁי Devarim 32:18, but < read תִּשֶּׁה (II. נשׁה) the Rock which begat thee thou forgattest, Sam. תשא, Dillmann Driver.

↗ original

שִׁיזָא

proper name (masc.) in Reuben, Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:42, Σαιζα, Σιζαι.

↗ original

שִׁיחַ

see שׁוח.

↗ original

שִׁיחוֹר

proper nameflum. on border of Egypt, probably E. branch of Nile;—הַשּׁ׳ Yehoshua 13:3, שׁ׳ מִצְרַיִם Divrei HaYamim Alef 13:5; clearly = Nile, זֶרַע שִׁחֹר Yeshaya 23:3 (‖ קְצִיר יְאוֹר), מֵי שִׁחוֹר Yirmiya 2:18; compare Delitzsch^{Pa 311} Wilson^{Hast. DB Shihor} (usually derived from I. שׁחר, as black water, but doubtful).

↗ original

שַׁיִט

see I. שׁוט.

↗ original

שִׁילוֹ

proper name (place), שִׁילֹנִי etc., see שִׁלֹה.

↗ original

שִׁימוֹן

proper name (masc.) in Judah, Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:20, Σεμ(ε)ιων, Σαμι.

↗ original

שִׁיר

noun (masc.) song (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; so Ecclus Ben Sira 40:21 +);—שׁ׳ absolute Shoftim 5;Shoftim 12 +, construct Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:27 +; with suffix שִׁירִי Tehillim 28:7, etc.; plural שִׁירִים Divrei HaYamim Alef 13:8; Shir HaShirim 1:1; שִׁרִים Breishis 31:27; Mishlei 25:20; with suffix שִׁרֶ֫יךָ Amos 5:23, etc.;—

lyric song, + מָשָׁל Melachim Alef 5:12, opposite קִינָה Amos 8:10; joyous Breishis 31:27 Yeshaya 30:29; שׁ׳ עגבים Yechezkel 33:32; triumphal Shoftim 5:12; love song Shir HaShirim 1:1^(×2) (title שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים), Tehillim 45:1 (שִׁיר יְדִידֹת); noisy Amos 5:23 Yechezkel 26:13, in drunken revels Yeshaya 24:9, compare Yeshaya 23:16; שׁ׳ כסילים Koheles 7:5; not for sorrow Mishlei 25:20 Tehillim 137:3^(×2); בְּנוֹת הַשִּׁיר Koheles 12:4 songstresses (probably birds).

religious song, in worship, ‖ תפלה Tehillim 42:9; usually praise, הלל בשׁיר Tehillim 69:31; מִשִּׁירִי אֲהוֹדֶנּוּ Tehillim 28:7; שִׁיר תְּהִלָּה וְהוֹדוֹת Nechemia 12:46; שׁיר י׳ Tehillim 137:4 Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:27; שׁיר חדשׁ Yeshaya 42:10 (fresh outburst), + 6 times, see חָדָשׁ; in ψ-titles, שׁיר Yeshaya 46:1, compare Yeshaya 26:1; שׁיר המעלות pilgrim songs Tehillim 120:1 + 14 times (see ii. מַעֲלָה p. 752); c. מִזְמוֹר Tehillim 48:1 + 12 times (see מִז׳ p. 274); מַשְׂכִּיל שִׁיר Tehillim 45:1; (שׁ׳ orig. alone in all except Tehillim 30:1; Tehillim 92:1; Tehillim 108:1, see Br^{JBL xviii (1899), 138}).

specif. song of Levitical choirs, with musical accomp., Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:16, Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:17; Divrei HaYamim Alef 13:8 (so read also ‖ Shmuel Beis 6:5 for בְּרוֹשִׁים, Septuagint Th and mod., compare ב׳), Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:6, Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:7; Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:18; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:28 Nechemia 12:27; כלי (ה)שׁיר instrument to accompany song Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:16 + 6 times (see כְּלִי 2 b); compare Amos 6:5.

↗ original

שִׁירָה

noun (fem.) song (plural [שׁ]ירות Ecclus Ben Sira 39:15);—absolute שׁ׳ Shemos 15:1 + 9 times; construct שִׁירַת Yeshaya 5:1; Yeshaya 23:15; plural construct שִׁירוֹת Amos 8:3 (read שָׁרוֹת Septuagint Hoffmann^{journal ZAW iii (1883)} Wellhausen and elsewhere);—song, ode, Shemos 15:1, Shmuel Beis 22:1 = Tehillim 18:1, Devarim 31:19^(×2), Devarim 31:21, Devarim 31:22, Devarim 31:30; Devarim 32:44; Bamidbar 21:17 Yeshaya 5:1; Yeshaya 23:15.

↗ original

שִׁיר²

verb sing (denom. according to Noldeke^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 537} Gerb¹⁷², but, if so, an old one);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שָׁר Tehillim 7:1; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָשִׁיר Shemos 15:1 Bamidbar 21:17 (read יָשִׁר Iyov 33:27 for יָשׁר, √ II. שׁוּר, so Siegfried-Stade Budde Gerb; in this sense also Ewald De Dillmann Revised Version and all mod.); 3rd feminine singular וַתָּ֫שַׁר Shoftim 5:1, etc.; imperative (ציווי) mpl. שִׁירוּ Shemos 15:21 +; infinitive (מקור) construct לָשׁוּר Shmuel Alef 18:6 Kesiv (< Qr לָשִׁיר, so Budde; Septuagint (Vaticanus) om., compare Driver Kittel^Kau H.P. Smith Nowack); participle (בינוני) שָׁר Mishlei 25:20; plural שָׁרִים Shmuel Beis 19:36 +; f. שָׁרוֹת Shmuel Beis 19:36 + 2 times + Amos 8:3 (read for שִׁירוֹת; see שִׁירָה);—sing, with a direct object שִׁיר Yeshaya 42:10 Tehillim 33:3 + 5 times; שִׁירָה Shemos 15:1; Bamidbar 21:17 Yeshaya 5:1; שׁ׳ בשׁרים Mishlei 25:20; מִשִּׁיר צִיּוֹן Tehillim 137:3; שׁגיון Tehillim 7:1 (Septuagint מזמור), תהלה Tehillim 106:12; with a direct object of theme Tehillim 59:17; Tehillim 89:2; absolute Shoftim 5:1; Shmuel Alef 18:6; c. לְ Tehillim 13:6; Tehillim 96:1, Tehillim 96:2 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:23, Shemos 15:1, Shemos 15:21; Yirmiya 20:13; ‖ זמּר Tehillim 68:5, Tehillim 68:33; Tehillim 101:1; Tehillim 104:33; Tehillim 105:2 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:9; Shoftim 5:3; + זמּר absolute Tehillim 57:8 = Tehillim 108:2; with a direct object theme Tehillim 21:14; c. לְ person Tehillim 27:6; of nature Tehillim 65:14 (after הַתְרוֹעֵעַ); על אנשׁים Iyov 33:27 (see supra); pt. שָׁרִים singers Shmuel Beis 19:36 Melachim Alef 10:12 + 6 times (Yechezkel 40:44 read שְׁתַּיִם Septuagint Hitzig Co mod.); שָׁרוֹת songstresses Shmuel Beis 19:36; Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:25; Koheles 2:8 + Amos 8:3 (see supra).—Tehillim 138:5 read וְיָשִׂיחוּ. Pōʿl.₃₆ past (עבר) 3rd masculine plural שֹׁרְרוּ Iyov 36:24; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְשׁוֹרֵר Tzefania 2:14; participle (בינוני) מְשׁוֹרֵר Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:18; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:28; plural מְשֹׁרְרִים Ezra 2:65 +, etc.;—sing: birds Tzefania 2:14; men Iyov 36:24; elsewhere pt. of Levitical singers Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:18; Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:33 + 31 times, + fpl. Ezra 2:65 songstresses = Nechemia 7:66.

be sung: future (עתיד) יוּשַׁר הַשִׁיר הַזֶּה Yeshaya 26:1.

↗ original

שַׁ֫יִשׁ

n.[m.] alabaster (foreign word? Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic שַׁיְשָׁא, ܫܺܝܫܳܐ, perhaps Assyrian šaššu);—אַבְנֵי־שׁ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:2 (material of temple); compare Patrick^{Hast.DB Marble}.

↗ original

שֵׁשׁ²

noun (masc.) the same;—עַמּוּדֵי שׁ׳ Shir HaShirim 5:15 (in figuratively), Esther 1:6 a, material of pavement v Esther 1:6 b (see בַּ֫הַט).—I. שֵׁשׁ, see שׁדשׁ.

↗ original

שִׁישָׁא

proper name (masc.) Solomon’s time, Melachim Alef 4:3, Σαβα, Σεισα, SeptuagintL Σαφατ; compare שְׂרָיָה.

↗ original

שִׁישַׁק

proper name (masc.) king of Egypt, Solomon’s time (10th cent. b.c.), Melachim Alef 11:40; Melachim Alef 14:25 Keri (Kesiv שושק), = Divrei HaYamim Beis 12:2; Divrei HaYamim Beis 12:9, שִׁישָׁ֑ק v Divrei HaYamim Beis 12:5^(×2), Divrei HaYamim Beis 12:7; = Šešonḳ I, first king of 22nd dynasty, Blau^{ZMG xv (1861), 233 ff.} Steind^{BAS i. 351}; = Sošenḳ WMM^{As. u. Eur. 166 ff.; Ency. Bib. Shishak}; compare Griffith^{Hast.DB Shishak}.

↗ original

שִׁית

verb put, set (Noldeke^{Beitr. z. Sem. Sprachwiss. 39 f.}; compare Phoenician שת Lidzbarski ³⁷⁵; Ecclus שית participle (בינוני) passive Ben Sira 31:27 (?); see also (Noldeke^{l.c. 41}) Syriac ܫܺܝܽܘܬܳܐ quality, appearance);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שָׁת Breishis 4:25 +, 3rd feminine singular שָׁ֫תָה Shmuel Alef 4:20 +, 2nd masculine singular שַׁ֫תָּה Tehillim 8:7, שַׁ֫תָּ Tehillim 90:8, with suffix שַׁתַּ֫נִי Tehillim 88:7, Tehillim 88:9, 1st singular שַׁ֫תִּי Tehillim 73:28 +; 3rd plural שָּׁ֫תוּ Shemos 33:4 + 3 times, metapl. שַׁתּוּ Tehillim 49:15; Tehillim 73:9 (other forms not found); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָשִׁית Shemos 21:22 +, juss. יָשֵׁת Iyov 9:33, וַיָּ֫שֶׁת Breishis 30:40 +; 3rd feminine singular with suffix וַתְּשִׁתֵ֫הוּ Rus 4:16, תִּשִׁיתֵ֫מוֹ Tehillim 21:10 +, 1st singular with suffix אֲשִׁתֶ֫נּוּ Melachim Alef 11:34; imperative (ציווי) ms. שִׁית Mishlei 27:23, שִׁיתָ֫ה Tehillim 9:21; Tehillim 141:3; fs. שִׁ֫תִי Yirmiya 31:21, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute שֹׁת Yeshaya 22:7; construct שִׁית Iyov 30:1 +; participle (בינוני) passive וְשִׁית (Yirmiya 13:16 Keri, but read Kesiv יָשִׁית); with suffix שִׁתִי Shemos 10:1;—

put, lay hand upon, עַל, Breishis 46:4, Breishis 48:14, Breishis 48:17, Iyov 9:33 Tehillim 139:5; c. עִם in evil partnership, Shemos 23:1; put ornaments, עַל person, Shemos 33:4; compare Shmuel Alef 2:8 Yeshaya 15:9 Iyov 22:24 Rus 3:15; lay child into (ב) bosom Rus 4:16; put wisdom, ב location, Iyov 38:36, compare Mishlei 26:24; אָשִׁית עֵצוֹת בְּנַפְשִׁי Tehillim 13:3, that is take counsel, plan; מַחְסִי בי׳ Tehillim 73:28; put things תַּחַת רַגְלָיו Tehillim 8:7; lay (penalty) עַל person Shemos 21:22, sin Bamidbar 12:11, compare (c. אֲשֶׁר = where) Tehillim 84:4; nearly = give (נתן), direct object + ל person Breishis 4:25 (J; explan. of name שֵׁת), appoint Tehillim 9:21.

set, station, sheep לְבַדּוֹ Breishis 30:40, compare לֹא שָׁתָם עַל v Breishis 30:40; direct object person = appoint (עַל over) Breishis 41:33; set לָמוֹ person (ל 3 b) + ב location Tehillim 73:18, so (direct object) Tehillim 88:7 and (object person om.) Tehillim 12:6, set crown לְרֹאשׁוֹ Tehillim 21:4, set one (מִן partit.) לְכִסֵּא Tehillim 132:11; set person among (ב person) Shmuel Beis 19:29; Yirmiya 3:19, compare (עִם) Iyov 30:1; set watch לְפִי Tehillim 141:3, snares לִי Tehillim 140:6, enmity, בֵּין person Breishis 3:15; iniquities לְנֶגְדֶּ֑ךָ Tehillim 90:8, compare Tehillim 101:3; set, direct face, אֶל location Bamidbar 24:1, eyes לִנְטוֹת בָּאָרֶץ Tehillim 17:11.

in phr. שׁ׳ לֵב לְ set one’s mind to, give heed, attention (compare שׂוּם 2 b), Shemos 7:23, Shmuel Beis 13:20; Yirmiya 31:21 Tehillim 48:14 Mishlei 22:17; Mishlei 27:23, c. אֶל Iyov 7:17, absolute Shmuel Alef 4:20 Tehillim 62:11; Mishlei 24:32 I reflected.

set, fix, גְּבוּל Shemos 23:31 (E; c. מִן … עַד), תָּשִׁית לִי הֹק Iyov 14:13 wouldst fix me a limit, Iyov 38:11 (וּפֹא יָשִׁית בִּגְאוֹן גַּלָּיךָ De and elsewhere here shall one fix it [the boundary, חֹק, v Iyov 14:10] = it shall be fixed against, etc.: but explan. very forced: Me Kau יִשָּׁבֵר ג׳, Bi Budde יִשְׁבֹּת ג׳).

constitute, make one something, 2 direct object, Melachim Alef 11:34 I will make him prince, Yeshaya 5:6; Yeshaya 26:1; Yirmiya 22:6 Tehillim 21:7; Tehillim 84:7; Tehillim 88:9 (+ למוֹ ind. object), Tehillim 110:1 Shmuel Beis 22:12 ‖ Tehillim 18:12; תְּשִׁיתֵמוֹ שֶׁ֑כֶם Tehillim 21:13 = thou wilt make them (all) shoulder, make them turn their back, flee (compare Tehillim 18:41); direct object + ל make something into Yirmiya 2:15 = Yirmiya 50:3; Yirmiya 13:16 Tehillim 45:17 (+ ב location); direct object + ב comp. make one like Hoshea 2:5 (‖ שִׂים), Yeshaya 16:3 Tehillim 21:10; Tehillim 83:12, Tehillim 83:14; direct object only, make, prepare, feast Yirmiya 51:39, compare שָׁת קָצִיר לָךְ Hoshea 6:11 (read poss. שִׁית, pt. passive), make darkness Tehillim 104:20; = perform signs, ב location Shemos 10:1.

internally trans., = take one’s stand (compare שִׂים 4 a) הַפָּרָשִׁים שֹׁת שָׁתוּ הַשָּׁ֑עְרָה Yeshaya 22:7; c. עָלָֽי (against) Tehillim 3:7.—יָשִׁית מִמֶּנִּי Iyov 10:20 (Kesiv; > Keri imperative (ציווי) וְשִׁית) is doubtful, יָשִׁית = יָשֵׁת: De direct (attention) away from me, compare Dillmann (ellipsis of יָד, פָּנִים, or לֵב), Duhm (sc. יָד; reads imperative (ציווי)); Lagarde (so Budde) proposes יִשְׁבֹּת, Siegf (יָדוֹ) יָשֵׁב, Septuagint Beer (best) שְׁעֵה (Iyov 7:19), with יְמֵי חֶלְדִּי (Septuagint Budde Be Duhm) for יָמַי יחדל probably rightly.

(or Qal passive Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 53 u), future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יוּשַׁת Shemos 21:30 if a ransom be imposed עָלָיו, see Shemos 21:30.

↗ original

שִׁית²

noun (masc.) garment (Noldeke^{Beitrlige, 41 f.}, cp. Syriac ܫܺܝܽܘܬܳܐ appearance, and qu. שִׁיֻּת?);—construct שִׁית זוֹנָה Mishlei 7:10; figuratively שׁ׳ חָמָס Tehillim 73:6 (see II. עטף).

↗ original

שֵׁת

proper name (masc.) third son of Adam; Breishis 4:25 (where expl. from √ שִׁית), v Breishis 4:26 Breishis 5:3, Breishis 5:4, Breishis 5:6, Breishis 5:7, Breishis 4:8; Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:1; Σηθ.—In כָּל־בְּנֵי־שֵׁת Bamidbar 24:17 (poem in J), read probably שֵׁאת tumult (compare Eicha 3:47), or שְׂאֵת (see under נשׂא), compare Gray.—ii. שֵׁת, see II. שׁתה.

↗ original

שָׁת

noun (masc.) (Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 84}) foundation, stay (of society) (√ שׁית Gesenius' Thesaurus Konig^{ii. 1, 172});—plural הַשָּׁתוֹת יֵהָרֵס֑וּן Tehillim 11:3 (probably figuratively of established usages, laws, etc., Jer. leges, Sym. θεσμοί, so Hupfeld-Nowack Baethgen Cheyne⁽¹⁸⁸⁸⁾ and elsewhere; > Gesenius' Thesaurus and elsewhere of nobles); Gesenius' Thesaurus puts here also שָֽׁתֹתֶ֫יהָ Yeshaya 19:10 (so Masoretic Text probably intends), which Ewald Dillmann Kittel then interpret of working-classes, ‖ עֹשֵׂי שֶׂכֶר; but perhaps opposite of this, the upper classes, so as to include all ranks of society, Gesenius' Thesaurus De Cheyne^commentaries; Cheyne^Haupt Buhl and elsewhere שֹׁתֶיהָ weavers of it (compare Duhm Marti), see III. שׁתה.

↗ original

שַׁ֫יִת

n.[m.] coll. thorn-bushes (connex. with above √ doubtful; Dietr^{Abh. 73} cp. (improb.) שׁאה devastate, שְׁאִיָּה ruin, whence שׁ׳ wild, rough growth);—always c. שָׁמִיר: absolute שׁ׳ Yeshaya 7:23, Yeshaya 7:24; Yeshaya 9:17; Yeshaya 27:4 (compare Duhm); שָׁ֑יִת Yeshaya 5:6; Yeshaya 7:25; with suffix שִׁיתוֹ Yeshaya 10:17 (figuratively Assyrian).

↗ original

שָׁכַב

(Lagarde^{BN 63})₂₁₂ verb lie down (Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; שכב Ecclus Ben Sira 47:23 (in death), משכב bed Ben Sira 40:5; Ben Sira 47:20 d, = death bed Ben Sira 46:19; Phoenician שכב, משכב (see מ׳ 1 below), Lidzbarski³⁷⁵; Ethiopic ሰከበ lie, so Aramaic שְׁכַב, ܫܟܶܒ; Nabataean משכבא couch; Arabic سَكَبَ only pour out (water, tears), be poured out (compare Hiph. below, and Lagarde^{BN 63}));—Qal past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Breishis 26:10 +, etc.; future (עתיד) יִשְׁכַּב Breishis 30:15 +, 3rd masculine plural יִשְׁכְּבֻן Shmuel Alef 2:22, יִשְׁכָּב֑וּן Yehoshua 2:8 Iyov 30:17, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שְׁכַב Shmuel Beis 13:5 Yechezkel 4:4, שִׁכְבָה Breishis 39:7, Breishis 39:12, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׁכֹב Vayikra 15:24; construct שְׁכַב Melachim Alef 1:21 +, with suffix שָׁכְבוֹ Rus 3:4, שִׁכְבָהּ Breishis 19:33, Breishis 19:35, שָׁכְבְּךָ Devarim 6:7 + 2 times; participle (בינוני) שֹׁכֵב Breishis 28:13 +, f. שֹׁכֶ֫בֶת Micha 7:5; Rus 3:8, etc.;—

lie down (sometimes opposite קוּם, הֵקִיץ):

Shoftim 5:27 (prostrated by blow, + כָּרַע, נָפַל).

to sleep, Breishis 19:4, Breishis 28:11, Shmuel Alef 3:5; Devarim 7:7; Mishlei 6:22 + often; read וַיִּשְׁכַּב) also (for וַיַּשְׁכֵּם Shmuel Alef 9:26 Septuagint Th Wellhausen Driver and mod.; שׁ׳ + יָשֵׁן sleep Melachim Alef 19:5 Tehillim 3:6; Tehillim 4:9, compare Mishlei 3:24^(×2), + נִרְדָּם Yonah 1:5; = be lying Shmuel Alef 3:2, Shmuel Alef 3:3; Shmuel Alef 26:5 (all בְּ location), v Shmuel Alef 26:7 Shmuel Alef 4:5 (direct object cogn. noon-repose), Shmuel Beis 13:8, compare שֹׁכֵב בְּלֶב־יָם Mishlei 23:34, of two lying (together, for warmth) Koheles 4:11; + be sleeping Shmuel Alef 26:7; = keep lying, c. עַד Shoftim 16:3; Shmuel Alef 3:14; Rus 3:13; Mishlei 6:9; emphasis on resting, Vayikra 26:6, Iyov 11:18; token of mourning, וְשָׁכַב אָ֑רְצָה (וְלָן) Shmuel Beis 12:16, compare Shmuel Beis 13:21, שׁ׳ בַּשָּׂק Melachim Alef 21:27, שׁ׳ בֵּין שְׁפַתָּ֑יִם Tehillim 68:14 (of indolence?); figuratively of prostration by disease Tehillim 41:9 among foes Tehillim 57:5; of humiliation Yirmiya 3:25; c. עַל rei: land Breishis 28:13, usually bed Shmuel Beis 13:5; Melachim Alef 21:4; Vayikra 15:4, Vayikra 15:24, Vayikra 15:26, compare v Vayikra 15:20, for midday repose Shmuel Beis 4:7.

lie on (עַל) one’s side Yechezkel 4:4^(×2), Yechezkel 4:6, Yechezkel 4:9 (symbol.).

lie, עַל person Melachim Alef 3:19 (fatally), Melachim Beis 4:34 (to revive).

lie בְּחֵיק, of lamb (that is be cherished) Shmuel Beis 12:3, of woman Micha 7:5 (intimacy), Melachim Alef 1:2 (vital warmth); lie down for copulation Breishis 19:33, Breishis 19:35 (of woman, see 3 below; both opposite קוּם).

= lodge (for night), (שָׁ֫מָּה) שׁ׳ Yehoshua 2:1, Melachim Beis 4:11, compare Melachim Beis 9:16 (yet perhaps = lie ill), Vayikra 14:47 (בְּ location).

of sexual relations, lie with: subj. man, c. עִם Breishis 30:15, Breishis 30:16; Breishis 39:7, Breishis 39:12, Breishis 39:14, Shemos 22:15, Devarim 22:22 + 8 times Dt., Shmuel Beis 11:4, Shmuel Beis 11:11; Shmuel Beis 12:11, Shmuel Beis 12:24 Vayikra 15:33; c. אֶת feminine with (Masoretic Text אֹתָהּ, etc., orig. אִתָּהּ, etc., see Driver Shmuel Beis 13:14 and II. אֵת, p. 85a supra), Breishis 26:10; Breishis 34:2, Breishis 34:7; Breishis 35:22 (all J), Shmuel Alef 2:22 (om. Septuagint and mod.), Shmuel Beis 13:14; Yechezkel 23:8 (figuratively), Vayikra 15:24 (שָׁכֹב יִשְׁכַּב), Bamidbar 5:19, also (with a direct object cogn. שִׁכְבַת־זֶרַע) v Bamidbar 5:13 Vayikra 15:18; Vayikra 19:20; with a direct object (with suffix) feminine Devarim 28:30 Kesiv (see [שָׁגֵל]); c. אֵצֶל feminine Breishis 39:10; c. אֵת vir. (sodomy), Vayikra 18:22; Vayikra 20:13 (both H; with a direct object cogn. מִשְׁכְּבֵי אִשָּׁח); c. עִם־בְּהֵמָה Devarim 27:21; Shemos 22:18; subj. woman, c. עִם vir. Breishis 19:32, Breishis 19:34, Breishis 19:35 Shmuel Beis 13:11; אֵת vir. Breishis 19:33, Breishis 19:34 (compare 1 e supra).

lie down in death, Yeshaya 14:8; Yeshaya 43:17 (opposite קוּם), Yechezkel 31:18; Yechezkel 32:27, Yechezkel 32:28, Yechezkel 32:29, Yechezkel 32:30; Iyov 14:12 (opposite קוּם, הֵקִיץ), שׁ׳ וְאֶשְׁקוֹט Iyov 3:13; be lying (dead) Yeshaya 51:20; Eicha 2:21.

especially in phr. שׁ׳ עִם אֲבוֹתָיו lie down with his fathers, of kings Melachim Alef 1:21; Melachim Alef 2:10 + 35 times K Ch, compare Breishis 47:30, Devarim 31:16, and (c. אֵת) Shmuel Beis 7:12.

in grave, בְּבֵיתוֹ Yeshaya 14:18 (opposite מִקִּבְרְךָ), שֹׁכְבֵי קֶבֶר Tehillim 88:6; לֶעָפָר Iyov 7:21, עַל־ע׳ Iyov 20:11; Iyov 21:26; in Sh^e’ôl Yechezkel 32:21; in Gehenna (?) Yeshaya 50:11.

figuratively = relax: Iyov 30:17 my gnawing pains do not sleep; = have rest, לֹא שׁ׳ לִבּוֹ Koheles 2:23. †Niph.Pu. = be lain with (sexually; subj. woman), only as Keri for Kesiv [שָׁגֵל] Niph.Pu. q.see †Hiph. lay, past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular הִשְׁכִּיבָה with a direct object puer. + בְּחֵיק Melachim Alef 3:20, so future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular with suffix וַתַּשְׁכִּיבֵהוּ v Melachim Alef 3:20, compare (עַל־מִטָּה) Melachim Alef 17:19 Melachim Beis 4:21; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַשְׁכֵּב אוֹתָם אַ֫רְצָה Shmuel Beis 8:2 making them lie down on ground; future (עתיד) also lay בַּמִּשְׁכָּב Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:14 (of burial); נִבְלֵי שָׁמַיִם מִי יַשְׁכִּיב Iyov 38:37 that is tip them so that contents may flow out (compare Arabic سَكَبَ supra). †Hoph. participle (בינוני) מֻשְׁכָּב Melachim Beis 4:32 laid עַל־מִטָּה; past (עבר) consec. וְהֻשְׁכַּב Yechezkel 32:32 shall be laid (in death), c. בְּתוֹךְ et אֵת person (with); so imperative (ציווי) ms. הָשְׁכְּבָה v Yechezkel 32:19 (c. אֵת person only).

↗ original

שְׁכָבָה

noun (fem.) act of lying, layer;—only construct שִׁכְבַת;—

act of lying, as direct object cogn. c. שׁכב 3: שִׁכְבַת־זָ֑רַע Vayikra 15:18 a man lies with her a lying of seed (in copulation), compare Vayikra 19:20 Bamidbar 5:13; then (= semen), תֵּצֵא שִׁכְבַת־זָ֑רַע Vayikra 15:16, Vayikra 15:32 Vayikra 22:4 (+ מִמֶּנּוּ), שׁ׳ ז׳ alone Vayikra 15:17.

layer of dew, שִׁכְבַת הַטָּ֑ל Shemos 16:13, Shemos 16:14.

↗ original

שָׁכַח

verb forget (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Ecclus Ben Sira 45:26^c and (Pi.) Ben Sira 11:25^(×2); Aramaic שְׁכַח, ܫܟܰܚ is find);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Tehillim 9:13 +, with suffix שְׁכֵחָ֑נִי Yeshaya 49:14; 2nd feminine singular שָׁכַחַתְּ Yirmiya 13:25; 1st plural with suffix שְׁכַחֲנוּךָ Tehillim 44:18, etc.; future (עתיד) יִשְׁכַּח Devarim 4:31 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) fs. שִׁכְחִי Tehillim 45:11; infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׁכֹחַ; participle (בינוני) plural construct שֹׁכְחֵי Iyov 8:13 Tehillim 50:22;—forget:

subj. man,

direct object rei Breishis 27:45, Devarim 4:9; Devarim 9:7 (opposite זָכַר) +, = forget and leave, ב location, Devarim 24:19; c. object cl. c. כִּי Iyov 39:15; c. מִן inf. Tehillim 102:5.

with a direct object person, involving forgetting to mention, Breishis 40:23 (E; opposite זכר), ceasing to care for Yirmiya 30:14 (figuratively), Yeshaya 49:15^(×2) (direct object om.), v Yeshaya 49:15 Iyov 19:14 Tehillim 45:11; with a direct object Jerusalem Tehillim 137:5; יִשְׁכָּחֵהוּ רֶחֶם Iyov 24:20; absolute Tehillim 137:5 תִּשְׁכַּח יְמִינִי: AE Ki supply הַמַּעֲשֶׂה or הַנִּגּוּן (whence Authorized Version her cunning), but forced: Septuagint תִּשָּׁכַח; read probably (Gratz Budde and elsewhere) תִּכְחַשׁ let it grow lean (Tehillim 109:24, compare Zecharia 11:17), or (Cheyne) תְּכַחֵשׁ let it disappoint (me), fail (Chavakuk 3:17).

especially with a direct object י׳ (God), Hoshea 2:15; Hoshea 8:14; Hoshea 13:6; Shoftim 3:7; Shmuel Alef 12:9; Yeshaya 17:10; Devarim 8:19 (שָׁכֹהַ תִּשׁ׳) + 16 times (5 times Dt, 4 times Je), + Tehillim 59:12 (direct object om.); also direct object of divine name Yirmiya 23:27 (בַּבַּעַל), Tehillim 44:21; commands of י׳ Hoshea 4:6; Devarim 26:13 (direct object om.) Tehillim 119:16 + 7 times Tehillim 119, his doings and ways, v Tehillim 119:139; Tehillim 78:7, Tehillim 78:11; Tehillim 103:2; Tehillim 106:13, his covenant Devarim 4:23, Devarim 4:31; Melachim Beis 17:38; Mishlei 2:17; law of wisdom Mishlei 3:1, sc. direct object בִּינָה Mishlei 4:6.

subj. י׳ (God):

direct object person Hoshea 4:6 Shmuel Alef 1:11 (opposite זָכַר), Eicha 5:20; Yeshaya 49:14 (‖ עָזַב), Tehillim 10:12; Tehillim 13:2; Tehillim 42:10.

direct object of sins Amos 8:7 Tehillim 10:11 (direct object om.), cry Tehillim 9:13 (opposite זָכַר), compare, of distress, Tehillim 44:25.

voice of foes Tehillim 74:23.

followed by inf. Tehillim 77:10.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִשְׁכַּה Koheles 9:5, etc.; future (עתיד) יִשָּׁכַח Tehillim 9:19, 3rd feminine singular תִּשָּׁכֵחַ Yirmiya 20:11, etc.; participle (בינוני) fs. נִשְׁכָּחָה Yeshaya 23:16, נִשְׁכַּחַת v Yeshaya 23:15, plural נִשְׁכָּחִים Iyov 28:4;—be forgotten: subj. rei Breishis 41:30, Devarim 31:21; Yirmiya 20:11; Yirmiya 23:40; Yirmiya 50:5; Yeshaya 65:11; subj. person Tehillim 9:19; Tehillim 31:13; Koheles 2:16, Tyre Yeshaya 23:15, Yeshaya 23:16 (under figuratively of harlot), subj. זִכְרָם Koheles 9:5; הַנִּשׁ׳ מִנִּי רָ֑גֶל Iyov 28:4.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שִׁכַּח י׳ וגו׳ Eicha 2:6 י׳ hath caused to forget (be forgotten) in Zion assembly and sabbath.

infinitive (מקור) לְהַשְׁכִּיחַ Yirmiya 23:27 to make my people forget my name (2 direct object).

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יִשְׁתַּכְּחוּ Koheles 8:10 they were forgotten in the city.

↗ original

שָׁכֹל

verb be bereaved (= Arabic ثَكِلَ, Targum תְּכוֹל, תְּכֵל; compare Syriac ܬܟܳܠܴܐ loss of children);—

past (עבר) 1st singular כַּאֲשֶׁר שָׁכֹלְתִּי שָׁכָ֑לְתִּי Breishis 43:14 if I am bereaved, I am bereaved (of father, expr. resignation; on כָ֑לְ see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 29 u); future (עתיד) 1st singular אֶשְׁכַּל Breishis 27:45, with a direct object person be bereaved of you both (of mother); 3rd feminine singular תִּשְׁכַּל מִנָּשִׁים אִמֶּ֑ךָ Shmuel Alef 15:33 thy mother shall be bereaved above (more than) women.

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular שִׁכְּלָה Shmuel Alef 15:33 +, with suffix וְשִׁכְּלָ֑תָּה Yechezkel 14:15, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תְּשַׁכֵּל Devarim 32:25 +, 2nd feminine singular תְּשַׁכְּלִי Yechezkel 36:14 Keri (see כָּשַׁל Pi.); infinitive (מקור) construct with suffix לְשַׁכְּלָם v Yechezkel 36:12; participle (בינוני) מְשַׁכֵּלָה Shemos 23:26, -כֶּ֫לֶת Yechezkel 36:13, -כָּ֑לֶת Melachim Beis 2:19, Melachim Beis 2:21;—

make childless, direct object of father Breishis 42:36, of mothers Shmuel Alef 15:33 (subj. חֶרֶב), compare Vayikra 26:22 Yechezkel 5:17 (subj. famine and beasts), and Yechezkel 14:15 (the same; object land); direct object of people Hoshea 9:12 (מֵאָדָם), Yirmiya 15:7 (+ אִבַּדְתִּי), Yechezkel 36:12, compare v Yechezkel 36:13, Yechezkel 36:14 (see supra); object om. (subj. חֶרֶב) Devarim 32:25; Eicha 1:20; Yechezkel 21:19 (Co, for תִּכָּפֵל, see כָּפַל p. 495b; otherwise Toy Krae).

cause barrenness, or abortion, הָאָרֶץ מְשַׁכְּ׳ Melachim Beis 2:19, compare v Melachim Beis 2:21 (Gesenius' Thesaurus otherwise, see מְשׁ׳ infra).

shew abortion, (1) of any female Shemos 23:26 (E; + עֲקָרָה), animals Breishis 31:38; Iyov 21:10; (2) of vine Malachi 3:11.

participle (בינוני) רֶחֶם (וְשָׁדַיִם צֹמְקִים) מַשְׁכִּיל Hoshea 9:14 miscarrying womb.—Yirmiya 50:9 read מַשְׂכִּיל successful, Septuagint Peshitta Heb Codd. Ewald Hitzig Graf Giesebrecht.

↗ original

שְׁכוֹל

n.[m.] bereavement, loss of children;—לֹא אֵדַע שׁ׳ Yeshaya 47:8 (‖ אַלְמָנָה), compare v Yeshaya 47:9; figuratively Tehillim 35:12.

↗ original

שָׁכוּל

adjective childless (through bereavement);—fs. שְׁכוּלָה Yeshaya 49:21 (figuratively of Zion);—on form see Barth^{NB 47}.

↗ original

שַׁכּוּל

adjective bereaved, robbed of offspring (Barth ^{§ 37 c});—especially דֹּב שׁ׳ Shmuel Beis 17:8; Hoshea 13:8; Mishlei 17:12 (simile of fierceness); נְשֵׁיהֶם שַׁכֻּלוֹת Yirmiya 18:21; שַׁבֻּלָה אֵין בָּהֶם Shir HaShirim 4:2 (of flock, in simile) = Shir HaShirim 6:6.

↗ original

שְׁכֶם

noun (masc.)^{Tzefania 3:9} shoulder;—absolute שׁ׳ Breishis 48:22 +, שְׁכֶ֑ם Breishis 33:19 +, שֶׁ֑כֶם Tehillim 21:13 (whence orig. *šakm inferred Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 147 a ad fin. Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 199 a; but—ֶ der. from—ִ before ב, Barth^{NB 104} Konig^{ii. 1, 67, 506}); construct שְׁכֶם Breishis 9:23; with suffix שִׁכְמוֹ Breishis 49:15 +, שִׁכְמָה (for שִׁכְמָהּ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 91 e) Iyov 31:22, etc.;—

shoulder (sometimes incl. back of neck; כתף = shoulder-blade):

as bearing burdens, וַיֵּט שׁ׳ לִסְבֹּל Breishis 49:15 (poem in J; Issach. under figuratively of ass), compare Breishis 21:14, Breishis 24:15, Breishis 24:45; Shemos 12:34, also Breishis 9:23 (all J), Yehoshua 4:5, Shoftim 9:48; Yeshaya 10:27 (‖ צַוָּאר), Yeshaya 14:25 (both figuratively), Tehillim 81:7, so, metaphorically, of responsibility of rule Yeshaya 9:5; Yeshaya 22:22 (symbolized by key), of accusation as (easy) burden Iyov 31:36; figuratively also לְעָבְדוֹ שׁ׳ אֶחָד Tzefania 3:9 to serve him (with) one shoulder (as one man), compare Syriac ܚܰܕ ܟܰܬܦܳܐ.

in statement of Saul’s height, מִשִּׁכְמוֹ וָמַ֫עְלָה גָּבֹהַּ מִכָּל־הָעָם Shmuel Alef 9:2, compare Shmuel Alef 10:23 and (with play on proper name (place) שְׁכֶם) נָתַתִּי לְךָ שׁ׳ אַחַד עַל־אַחֶיךָ Breishis 48:22 (E; compare Driver).

in generally back: כְּהַפְנֹתוֹ שִׁכְמוֹ לָלֶכֶת מֵעִם Shmuel Alef 10:9; so תְּשִׁיתֵמוֹ שׁ׳ Tehillim 21:13, that is make them turn (in flight; compare וְאוֹיְבַי נָתַתָּה לִי עֹרֶף Tehillim 18:41); as beaten מַטֵּה שׁ׳ Yeshaya 9:3 (‖ שֵׁבֶט הַנֹּגֵשׂ בּוֹ); more anatom. כְּתֵפִי מִשּׁ׳ תִפּוֹל Iyov 31:22 let my shoulder-blade fall from its back.—Hoshea 6:9 see ii. שְׁכֶם.

↗ original

שְׁכֶם²

proper name (place)₄₉ et m.14 (Συχεμ; SeptuagintL often Σίκιμα Lagarde^{BN 57}):

district in N. Palestine (probably shoulder (saddle?) of mount.);—מְקוֹם שׁ׳ Breishis 12:6, שְׁכֶ֑מָה Breishis 37:14; = city (שְׁכֶם, שְׁכֶ֑מָה, Hoshea 6:9 שֶׁ֑כְמָה) Yehoshua 24:1; עִיר שׁ׳ Breishis 33:18; Shoftim 8:31 + 20 times Shoftim 9 (בַּעֲלֵי שׁ׳ v Shoftim 9:2 + 12 times, ב׳ מִגְדַּל־שׁ׳ v Shoftim 9:46, Shoftim 9:47), Hoshea 6:9 + 21 times (עִיר שׁ׳ Breishis 33:18); city of refuge Yehoshua 20:7; Yehoshua 21:21; Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:52.—WMM^{As. u. Eur. 394}, cp. Egyptian Sa-ka-mà (compare Jen^{ZA x (1895) 356}); mod. Nablûs (from Rom. name Neapolis); see Buhl^{G 200 f.} G.A. Smith^{G 332 ff. 345} Wilson^{Hast. DB shechem}.

proper name (masc.) (on connexion with 1 compare Shoftim 9:28), ‘son’ of Ḥamor, also Breishis 33:19; Breishis 34:2 + 10 times 34, Yehoshua 24:32.

↗ original

שֶׁ֫כֶם

proper name (masc.) in Manasseh (Συχεμ): Bamidbar 26:31; Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:19; בְּנֵי־שׁ׳ Yehoshua 17:2.

↗ original

שָׁכַן

verb settle down, abide, dwell (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Ecclus Ben Sira 43:17 +; Phoenician שכן Lidzbarski³⁷⁵; Aramaic שְׁכֵין; Syriac ܫܟܶܢ, all dwell; Arabic سَكَنَ rest, dwell, compare Assyrian šakânu, set, lay, deposit, set up (a dwelling), intrans. be situated (of city), maškanu, place, dwelling-place);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Shemos 40:35 + 5 times; שָׁכֵ֑ן Devarim 33:12 + 2 times, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁכֹּן Breishis 16:12 +; יִשְׁכָּן־ Bamidbar 9:17 + 2 times; 3rd masculine plural יִשְׁכֹּ֑נוּ Yirmiya 49:31; Yirmiya 49:3 fpl. תִּשְׁכֹּ֑נָּה Yechezkel 17:23, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שְׁכֹן Breishis 26:2 Tehillim 37:27; שְׁכָן־ v Tehillim 37:3; mpl. שִׁכְנוּ Yirmiya 48:28; infinitive (מקור) construct בִּשְׁכֹּן (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 45 g) Breishis 35:22, לִשְׁכּוֹן Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:1, etc.; with suffix שָׁכְנִי Shemos 29:46; שִׁכְנוֹ Devarim 12:5 (but see Pi. 1), etc.; participle (בינוני) שֹׁכֵן Breishis 14:13 +, שֹׁכְנִי (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 90 l m) Devarim 33:16 + 3 times; with suffix fs. שֹׁכַנְתְּי Yirmiya 51:13; participle (בינוני) passive appar. plural construct c. art. הַשְּׁכוּנֵי Shoftim 8:11 (but corrupt, proper name (place) needed, see G.F. Moore):—

settle down to abide:

of person: encamp Bamidbar 24:2; settle permanently Tehillim 102:29 (absolute: ‖ יִכּוֹן); שׁ׳ כמלך Iyov 29:25 (‖ ישׁב); settle down (to remain) Shoftim 5:17; תַּחְתָּיו Shmuel Beis 7:10 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 17:9 (not to be removed); especially at rest, peace, in security, לבטח Yirmiya 23:6; Yirmiya 33:16; Devarim 33:12, compare בין כתפים v Devarim 33:12; Tehillim 16:9 (‖ שׂמח); בטח Devarim 33:28 Mishlei 1:33; (ל)בדד Bamidbar 23:9 (poem) Yirmiya 49:31; Micha 7:14; land of Egypt Yirmiya 46:26 (remain undisturbed), so Yirmiya 50:39; Yeshaya 13:20 (‖ תֵּשֵׁב, compare ישׁב 4); with a direct object מרומים Yeshaya 33:16; absolute Nachum 3:18, subj. אדּירים (Wellhausen יָֽשְׁנוּ, Nowack יִשְׁכְּבוּ; ‖ נָמוּ); Mishlei 7:11 her feet tarry not in her house.

of animals: כְּלָבִיא Devarim 33:20; ב location Yeshaya 34:11; Iyov 37:8; שָׁם Yeshaya 13:21; birds שׁ׳ תַּחַת (under) Yechezkel 17:23, שׁ׳ בְּצֵל, v Yechezkel 17:23; c. עַל = upon Yechezkel 31:13, = by Tehillim 104:12; with a direct object סֶלַע Iyov 39:28; absolute, of man under figuratively of bird, אָע֫וּפָה וְאֶשְׁכֹּ֑נָה Tehillim 55:7.

things: c. עַל of cloud, Iyov 3:5 settle down over; compare Shemos 24:16; Shemos 40:35; Bamidbar 9:17, Bamidbar 9:18, Bamidbar 9:22 (all P); c. בְּ Bamidbar 10:12.

abide, dwell:

of men: absolute Tehillim 37:27 (לְעוֹלָם); שָׁ֫מָּה Yeshaya 65:9; c. ב location Tehillim 69:37 Iyov 18:15; Iyov 30:6; Micha 4:10; Yirmiya 48:28 + 10 times; לְחוֹף יַמִּים Breishis 49:13; c. עַל, by Shoftim 5:17; Yirmiya 51:13; upon Tehillim 37:29; על פני Breishis 16:12; c. עִם with Tehillim 120:5, Tehillim 120:6; with a direct object Mishlei 2:21 Yirmiya 17:6 + 5 times; מִן … עַד Breishis 25:18; שֹׁכְנֵי אָ֑רֶץ Yeshaya 18:3 (‖ ישְׁבֵי תֵבֵל).

of the dead: שֹׁכְנֵי עָפָר Yeshaya 26:19 (‖ רְפָאִים); compare Iyov 26:5 (‖ the same), so mortals, שֹׁכְנֵי בָתֵּי חֹמֶר Iyov 4:19; שׁ׳ דוּמָה Tehillim 94:17 (that is שׁאול).

of God: שׁ׳ בָּֽעֲרָפֶל Melachim Alef 8:12 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:1 (poem); מָרוֹם Yeshaya 33:5; עַד Yeshaya 57:15; מָרוֹם וְקָדוֹשׁ v Yeshaya 33:15; שׁ׳ סְנֶה Devarim 33:16 (theoph.); בְּאָֽהֳלֵי־שֵׁם Breishis 9:27 (J, see Br^{MP 82}; and elsewhere Japheth subj.); בְּתוֹכָם Shemos 25:8; Shemos 29:46; Bamidbar 5:3 (all P), Yechezkel 43:9; c. בְּתוֹךְ elsewhere Shemos 29:45 + 6 times; ב location Tehillim 85:10; later בְּצִיּוֹן Yoel 4:17, Yoel 4:21; בְּהַר צִיּוֹן Yeshaya 8:18; Tehillim 68:17, Tehillim 68:19 (absolute) + 4 times; שֹׁכֵן יְרוּשָׁלַםִ Tehillim 135:21.

things: אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד, c. את Vayikra 16:16; מִשְׁכַּן י׳ שָׁם Yehoshua 22:19; אוֹר Iyov 38:19.

abstr. subj.: מִשְׁפָּט Yeshaya 32:16 (בַּמִּדְבָּר); חָכְמָה, with a direct object עָרְמָה Mishlei 8:12.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שִׁכֵּן Tehillim 78:60; 1st singular שִׁכַּנְתִּי Yirmiya 7:7, Yirmiya 7:12; future (עתיד) 1st singular אֲשַׁכְּנָה Yirmiya 7:3; infinitive (מקור) construct שַׁכֵּן Bamidbar 14:30 + 7 times; with suffix שַׁכְּנוֹ Devarim 12:5 (so read for Masoretic Text לְשִׁכְנוֹ, compare Konig^{ii. 1. 21});—

make settle down, establish: אֹהֶל שׁ׳ בָּֽאָדָֽם Tehillim 78:60; especially in Dt, לְשַׁכֵּן שְׁמוֹ שָׁם establish his name there (compare šakan šuma as Canaanism Winckler^{TelAm. 138 Rev. 20; 181. 6}) Devarim 12:11; Devarim 14:23; Devarim 16:2, Devarim 16:6, Devarim 16:11; Devarim 26:2, compare Yirmiya 7:12 Nechemia 1:9; + לָשׂוּם אֶת־שְׁמוֹ שָׁם לְשִׁכְנוֹ Devarim 12:5 (read לְשַׁכְּנוֹ).

make to dwell: with a direct object person, ב location, Bamidbar 14:30 Yirmiya 7:3, Yirmiya 7:7.

past (עבר) 1st singular הִשְׁכַּ֫נְתִּי Yechezkel 32:4; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular juss. יַשְׁכֵּן Tehillim 7:6, וַיַּשְׁכֵּן Breishis 3:24 Tehillim 78:55, etc.;—

lay, כבודי לעפר Tehillim 7:6 lay my honour in the dust (of death); place, set, Breishis 3:24; place, establish, אהל מועד at Shilo Yehoshua 18:1.

cause birds to settle, עַל Yechezkel 32:4.

cause to dwell, with a direct object person, ב location, Tehillim 78:55; compare Iyov 11:14.

↗ original

שָׁכֵן

adjective inhabitant, neighbour;—שׁ׳ Yeshaya 33:24 +; construct שְׁכַן Hoshea 10:5; with suffix שְׁכֵנוֹ Shemos 12:4; שְׁכֵנָ֑יִכְי֯ Melachim Beis 4:3, etc.; f. with suffix שְׁכֶנְתָּהּ Shemos 3:22; fpl. שְׁכֵנוֹת Rus 4:17;—

inhabitant, Yeshaya 33:24 Hoshea 10:5.

neighbour: woman Shemos 3:22; plural Rus 4:17; man Shemos 12:4 Yirmiya 6:21; Mishlei 27:10, plural Melachim Beis 4:3; of places Devarim 1:7; nations, to Judah Yechezkel 16:26 Tehillim 79:12; הֶרְפָּה לִשְׁכֵנֵי(נוּ) Tehillim 44:14; Tehillim 79:4, compare Tehillim 31:12; Tehillim 89:42; מָדוֹן לשׁ׳ Tehillim 80:7; to Edom Yirmiya 49:10; to Sodom v Yirmiya 49:18; Yirmiya 50:40; to י׳ Yirmiya 11:14 (because to people).

↗ original

שָׁכַר

verb be, or become, drunk, drunken (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, der. spec. and deriv.; Ecclus Ben Sira 40:18, Ben Sira 40:20 שכר strong drink; Arabic سَكِرَ be drunken, also be full, سَكَرَ fill; Assyrian šikaru, = שֵׁכָר, šakkûru, drunken, perhaps also verb šakâru; Ethiopic ሰክረ: Aramaic שִׁכְרָא, ܫܰܟܪܳܐ = שֵׁכָר, especially date-wine (Löw ^{p. 125}), compare ܫܟܰܪ be drunken, usually (der. spec.) defile, deform, etc.; from שֵׁכָר, Egyptian ṯà-k-ï̥ra WMM^{As. u. Eur. 102}, Gk. σίκερα Lewy^{Fremdw. 81});—

past (עבר) 3rd plural שָֽׁכְרוּ Yeshaya 29:9; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיִּשְׁכָּ֑ר Breishis 9:21, 3rd masculine plural יִשְׁכָּר֑וּן Yeshaya 49:26, etc.; imperative (ציווי) mpl. שִׁכְרוּ Yirmiya 25:27 Shir HaShirim 5:1; infinitive (מקור) construct לְשָׁכְרָה Chaggai 1:6; participle (בינוני) passive שְׁכֻרַת Yeshaya 51:21 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 130 b Lagarde^{BN 60});—become drunken Breishis 9:21, of social drinking Breishis 43:34, Shir HaShirim 5:1, token of plenty Chaggai 1:6; figuratively of nations staggering helplessly under calamity Yirmiya 25:27; Yirmiya 51:21 (וְלֹא מִיָּ֑יִן), Nachum 3:11; of infatuation Yeshaya 29:9 (וְלֹא יַיִן), of disgrace Eicha 4:21, self-destruction, כֶּעָסִיס דָּמָם יִשׁ׳ Yeshaya 49:26.

make drunken: future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix וַיְשַׁכְּרֵהוּ Shmuel Beis 11:13, literally; figuratively 1st singular (with suffix of people) וַאֲשַׁכְּרֵם (read וָ׳) Yeshaya 63:6 (subj. י׳) I made them drunk in my wrath (but MSS Gesenius Hitzig Ewald Cheyne Kittel Marti and elsewhere וָאֲשַׁבְּרֵם I brake them in pieces); participle (בינוני) fs., of Babylonian, מְשַׁכֶּרֶת כָּל־הָאָרֶץ Yirmiya 51:7; compare infinitive (מקור) absolute שַׁכֵּר Chavakuk 2:15 (i. e. terrorizing nations; read probably הַשְׁקֵה וְאַף שׁ׳ Wellhausen Nowack).

the same: past (עבר) 1st singular וְהִשְׁכַּרְתִּ֫י Yirmiya 51:57 (subj. י׳) that is make princes helpless, וְהִשְׁכַּרְתִּים v Yirmiya 51:39; imperative (ציווי) mpl. with suffix הַשְׁכִּירֻהוּ, object Moab, that is make helpless and disgraced Yirmiya 48:26; future (עתיד) 1st singular אַשְׁכִּיר חִצַּי מִדָּם Devarim 32:42.—Ruben^{JQ xi (1899), 446} proposes מַשְׁכִּירוֹת Hoshea 7:5 for משׁך ידו את.

future (עתיד) 2nd feminine singular תִּשְׁתַּכָּרִין Shmuel Alef 1:14 how long wilt thou make thyself drunken [a drunken spectacle]?

↗ original

שֵׁכָר

n.[m.] intoxicating drink, strong drink (Barth^{NB § 71});—always שׁ׳ absolute; usually ‖ יַיִן (except Tehillim 69:13): Yeshaya 29:9; usually condemned, Yeshaya 5:11, Yeshaya 5:22; Yeshaya 28:7^(×3); Yeshaya 56:12 (נִסְבְּאָה שׁ׳), Micha 2:11; Shmuel Alef 1:15; Mishlei 20:1; forbidden to priests on duty Vayikra 10:9; not for princes Mishlei 31:4; nor Nazirite Bamidbar 6:3; Shoftim 13:4, Shoftim 13:7, Shoftim 13:14, compare חֹמֶץ שׁ׳ Bamidbar 6:3; שׁוֹתֵי שׁ׳ Tehillim 69:13 drunkards; but שׁ׳ as common drink Devarim 29:5 (opposite to miraculous), allowable in sacrif. meal Devarim 14:26, commended for weak and weary Mishlei 31:6; נֶסֶךְ שׁ׳ Bamidbar 28:7 (P; for יַיִן v Bamidbar 28:14 +); see further Kennedy^{Ency. Bib. iv. 5309 f.}.—On form compare Lagarde^{M ii. 357;BN 51}.

↗ original

שִׁכֹּר

adjective drunken (Barth^{NB § 134 b});—absolute שִׁכֹּר Shmuel Alef 25:36, שִׁכּוֹר Melachim Alef 16:9 +, f. שִׁכֹּרָה Shmuel Alef 1:13, plural שִׁכּוֹרִים Yoel 1:5, construct שִׁכֹּרֵי Yeshaya 28:1; Yeshaya 28:3;—drunken: Shmuel Alef 25:36, אִישׁ שׁ׳ Yirmiya 23:9, שֹׁתֶה שׁ׳ Melachim Alef 16:9 drinking (and) drunken, Melachim Alef 20:16; as noun = drunken one, drunkard Yeshaya 28:1, Yeshaya 28:3 Mishlei 26:9, plural Yoel 1:5 (‖ שֹׁתֵי יַיִן); in simile Yeshaya 19:14; Iyov 12:25 Tehillim 107:27, and (of earth) Yeshaya 24:20; f. of drunken woman Shmuel Alef 1:13.

↗ original

שִׁכָּרוֹן

n.[m.] drunkenness;—שׁ׳ only figuratively: Yirmiya 13:13; Yechezkel 23:33 (Co Berthol Krae שִׁבָּרוֹן, not Toy), both of bewilderment and helplessness under calamity; from drinking blood Yechezkel 39:19.—Vid. Lagarde^{BN 202, compare 199}.

↗ original

שֶׁ֫לֶג

noun (masc.)^{Yeshaya 55:10} snow;—absolute שׁ׳ Yeshaya 1:18 +, שָׁ֑לֶג Shemos 4:6 +; construct שֶׁ֫לֶג Yirmiya 18:14;—snow, Shmuel Beis 23:20 (יוֹם הַשּׁ׳) = Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:22, Iyov 6:16; Iyov 37:6 (‖ גֶּשֶׁם מָטָר), Tehillim 147:16; Tehillim 148:8 (+ אֵשׁ, בָּרָד, קִיטוֹר); מֵימֵי שׁ׳ Iyov 24:19, compare Iyov 9:30 Keri (בְּמֵי, < Qr בְּמוֹ De Dillmann Budde and elsewhere, snow as purifying; see also [מַי]); poet. אֹצְרוֹת שׁ׳ Iyov 38:22 (‖ א׳ בָּרָד; symb. of cold Mishlei 31:21; as moistening, fertilizing Yeshaya 55:10 (‖ גֶּשֶׁם); on mountains, figuratively of normal habit, שׁ׳ לְבָנוֹן Yirmiya 18:14; simile of whiteness, of leprosy Shemos 4:6, Bamidbar 12:10, Melachim Beis 5:27; c. מִן comp., of fair skin Eicha 4:7 (‖ חָלָב); simile of sins, כַּשּׁ׳ יַלְבִּינוּ Yeshaya 1:18, compare Tehillim 51:9 (מִן comp.); simile of refreshment Mishlei 25:13 (drink cooled by snow, see reff. in De Toy), of the unfitting כַּשּׁ׳ בַּקַיִץ Mishlei 26:1 (‖ מָטָר).—On snow in Pal. see Nicol^{Hast. DB snow}.

↗ original

שָׁלָה

verb be quiet, at ease (Ecclus Ben Sira 47:13 שלוה prosperity, 41:^lc שליו prosperous, at ease; ܫܠܴܐ be tranquil, quiet, cease; Targum שְׁלָא, שְׁלִי be at ease, then be careless, thoughtless, go astray [for Hebrew שָׁגָה, שָׁגַג

↗ original

שָׁ֫לוּ

n.[m.

↗ original

שֵׁלָה

see שְׁאֵלָה.

↗ original

שֵׁלָה²

proper name (masc.) son of Judah, Σηλωμ[ν]: Breishis 38:5, Breishis 38:11, Breishis 38:14, Breishis 38:26, Breishis 46:12; Bamidbar 26:20, Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:3; Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:21.

↗ original

שָׁלֵו

(Lagarde^{BN 43}), שָׁלֵיו, שְׁלֵיו adjective quiet, at ease;—

of person at ease, שָׁלֵו Iyov 16:12, שָׁלֵיו Iyov 21:23 (Konig^{ii. 1, 83}); of nation, שְׁלֵיו (poss. diminutive Konig^{ii. 1. 144}) Yirmiya 49:31 (‖ יוֹשֵׁב לָבֶטַח); prosperous, of city fs. שְׁלִוָה Zecharia 7:7; of wicked, mpl. construct וְשַׁלְוֵי עוֹלָם Tehillim 73:12 (Renan^{H. iii. 131} proposes יִשְׁלָיוּ עֲוִילִים).

of land, quiet, שְׁלֵוָה Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:40 (‖ שֹׁקֶטֶת).

in לֹא יָדַע שָׁלֵו בְּבִטְנוֹ Iyov 20:20 שׁ׳ is appar. n.abstr. quiet, ease, so Dillmann De and elsewhere, read שַׁלְוָה Siegf Budde, Duhm (after Septuagint) לֹא שָׁלֵו בְּמַטְמֹנוֹ; שָׁלֵו Yechezkel 23:42 is corrupt, Hitzig Co Berthol (compare Davidson) שָׁרוּ sang, Toy שָׁרִים, Krae שִׁרִים.

↗ original

שַׁלְוָה

noun (fem.) quietness, ease;—absolute שׁ׳ Tehillim 122:7 +; construct שַׁלְוַת Yechezkel 16:49; Mishlei 1:32; plural with suffix שַׁלְוֹתַ֫יִךְ Yirmiya 22:21 (< שַׁלְוָתֵךְ old versions Giesebrecht);—quietness, peace, Mishlei 17:1 (opposite רִיב), Tehillim 122:7 (‖ שָׁלוֹם); ease, careless security, Yechezkel 16:49 (שַׁלְוַת הַשְׁקֵט), Mishlei 1:32; prosperity, Yirmiya 22:21; בְּשׁ׳ in (time of) security (of sudden attack), if not unawares Daniel 8:25; Daniel 11:21, Daniel 11:24 (Gesenius' Thesaurus Ewald Hitzig Ke and elsewhere); compare ܡܶܢ ܣܒܶܠܝ literally out of quiet, that is suddenly, unawares (for example The Book of Maccabees I (Kahana Translation) 1:30 = ἐξάπινα), מִן שִׁלְיָא Targum Mishlei 3:25; Mishlei 6:15 (= פִּתְאֹם), Tehillim 30:7 see [שָׁ֫לוּ].

↗ original

שָׁלָה²

verb draw out, extract (si vera l.; = שָׁלַל; Syriac ܫܠܴܐ (for example Shemos 2:10), Targum Yerushalmi שְׁלִי (for example Vayikra 11:17));—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular apoc. (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § ^{109 k}) כִּי יֵ֫שֶׁל אֱלוֹהַּ נַפְשׁוֹ Iyov 27:8 (De); < read יָשֹׁל, or יִשַּׁל (√ שׁלל) Dillmann; Schnurrer Wellhausen Siegf Budde Duhm יִשְׁאַל demandeth; Perles^{Anal. 48} יִשָּׂא אֶל־אֱלוֹהַּ.

↗ original

שִׁלוֹ

proper name (place) (orig. שִׁלוֹן, see adjectivegent. (otherwise Barth^{NB § 224 b}), which also shews that √ שׁול, שׁיל, was posited when text of K was fixed, compare Driver Shmuel Beis 15:12);—שִׁלוֹ Shoftim 21:19; Shmuel Alef 1:24; Shmuel Alef 3:21; Shmuel Alef 14:3; Yirmiya 7:14 (on destruction of S. see Wellhausen Shmuel Beis 8:17), Yirmiya 26:9; Yirmiya 41:5, מִשְׁכַּן שׁ׳ Tehillim 78:60; שִׁילוֹ Shoftim 21:21^(×2); Yirmiya 7:12; שִׁלֹה Yehoshua 18:1, Yehoshua 18:8, Yehoshua 18:9, Yehoshua 18:10; Yehoshua 19:51; Yehoshua 21:2; Yehoshua 22:9, Yehoshua 22:12 (all P or R), Shoftim 18:31; Shoftim 21:12; Shmuel Alef 1:3, Shmuel Alef 1:9; Shmuel Alef 2:14; Shmuel Alef 3:21; Shmuel Alef 4:3, Shmuel Alef 4:4, Shmuel Alef 4:12; Melachim Alef 2:27; Melachim Alef 14:2, Melachim Alef 14:4; Yirmiya 26:6 (var. שִׁלוֹ in all these [21 times] given by Gi as Keri).—Σηλωμ, Σηλω(ν).—Mod. Seilûn, c. 9½ m. NNE. of Bethel, Buhl^{G. 178} Driver^{Hast.DB shiloh}. Also תַּאֲנַתשִׁלֹה; s. p. 1061.

↗ original

שַׁלְהֶ֫בֶת²

see p. 529a above

↗ original

שָׁלַח

verb send (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Ecclus Ben Sira 48:18 +; Aramaic שְׁלַח, ܫܠܰܚ, So^Buhl Barth^{ES 41} cp. Arabic سَرَحَ (r = l), send forth, drive cattle to pasture, send messenger, etc., but then diff. √ for i. שֶׁלַח, Arabic سِلَاحٌ, سِلَحٌ weapon; Assyrian probably šalû (send, hurl?), whence tešlîtu, command);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Breishis 42:4 +, 2nd masculine singular with suffix שְׁלַחְתָּ֑נִי Shemos 5:22, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁלַח Breishis 3:22 +, 2nd feminine plural תִּשְׁלַ֫חְנָה Yechezkel 23:40 (Shoftim 5:26 read תִּשְׁלָחֶנָּה? Ovadia 1:3 תִּשְׁלַח יָד? Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 47 k); imperative (ציווי) ms. שְׁלַח Shmuel Alef 20:31 +, mpl. שְׁלָ֑חוּ Melachim Beis 2:17; infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׁל(וֹ)חַ Bamidbar 22:37 +; construct שְׁלֹחַ v Bamidbar 22:15 +, שְׁלַח Yeshaya 58:9, with suffix שָׁלְחֶ֑ךָ Breishis 38:17, etc.; participle (בינוני) active שֹׁלֵחַ Shemos 9:14 +, etc.; שָׁלוּחַ Melachim Alef 14:6 +, etc.;—

send: human subj., especially

direct object person Breishis 42:4; Breishis 43:8 (both J; c. אֵת with, person) Bamidbar 22:15 + often, c. ל rei for which Yirmiya 14:3; Yirmiya 16:16; followed by אֶל person Breishis 37:13, Shmuel Beis 11:6; Nechemia 6:5 +; rarely c. ל person Breishis 32:19 (J; passive), אֶל location Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:4, ב location Shmuel Alef 11:3, direct object location Melachim Beis 22:3, -ה location Melachim Alef 5:28, -ה location + מֵעַל person Shmuel Beis 13:17, מִן location Breishis 37:14, Bamidbar 13:3, etc.; followed by inf. purpose Shmuel Alef 25:14 (+ מִן location), Melachim Beis 1:16 Yirmiya 40:14 +, אֶל person c. inf. purpose Shmuel Beis 10:3; Yirmiya 42:9 +, c. ו subord. Melachim Beis 5:6, c. verb fin. actionis Shemos 2:5, sent her maid and took, +, etc. (many combinations); direct object person alone Shemos 24:5, Yehoshua 7:22, Shmuel Beis 10:7 + often

less often direct object rei (sometimes c. בְּיַד of agent), c. אֶל person Shmuel Alef 16:20; Melachim Beis 5:5; Melachim Beis 20:12 +, Melachim Alef 5:23 (= designate by sending unto), ל person Shoftim 3:15; Melachim Alef 5:22 +, אֶל location Esther 1:22, שָׁ֫מָּה Melachim Beis 6:14; + inf. purpose Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:4; Esther 4:4; + verb fin. action. Tehillim 105:28; direct object of kid, alone, Breishis 38:23 also (direct object om.) v Breishis 38:17, etc.

very often without object: + verb fin. action., send and do so and so, Breishis 27:45, Melachim Beis 11:4; Iyov 1:5 +; c. אֶל person Hoshea 5:13; Shmuel Beis 11:6 +, especially + לֵאמֹר Breishis 38:25, Melachim Alef 20:5 (often S K), Yirmiya 29:28 +; c. inf. purpose Breishis 32:6, Bamidbar 21:32, Shmuel Alef 22:11 +, etc. (and so Shmuel Alef 31:9, reading וַיִּשְׁלְחוּ, for Pi., Th Wellhausen Driver Nowack, not H.P. Smith Budde); absolute Melachim Beis 2:16, Melachim Beis 2:17; Shmuel Beis 14:29; = send to inquire Melachim Alef 20:17, etc.

send: subj. י׳ (God),

direct object person Breishis 45:5 (E; לִפְנֵי person), Shmuel Alef 15:18 (בְּדָ֑רֶךְ), + אֶל person Shmuel Beis 12:1; direct object of angel, לִפְנֵי person Breishis 24:7; Shemos 33:2 (both J), אֵת with Breishis 24:40, etc.; with a direct object person = commission Shemos 3:12, Shoftim 6:14; Yeshaya 6:8; Yirmiya 14:14, Yirmiya 14:15 + often Je, Zecharia 2:13 +; also (c. אֶל person) Shemos 3:13, Yirmiya 25:4; Yechezkel 3:6 +, etc.; especially of sending prophet, (שָׁלַח), הַשְׁכֵּם וְשָׁלוֹחַ Yirmiya 7:25 + (see [שָׁכַם]); direct object person + inf. purpose Shmuel Alef 15:1; Yirmiya 19:14 +; + עַד location Melachim Beis 2:2, direct object location v Melachim Beis 2:4, ה—ָ location v Melachim Beis 2:6, etc.

with a direct object rei, plagues Shemos 9:14 (c. אֶל־לֵב, ב person), figuratively arrows Shmuel Beis 22:15 = Tehillim 18:15 (+ verb fin. action.), Tehillim 144:6, compare Yirmiya 25:16 and elsewhere; his word Yeshaya 9:7 (ב gent.), Yeshaya 55:11 (אשׁר to which), Zecharia 7:12 (ב agent.), Tehillim 107:20 (+ verb fin. action.), Tehillim 147:15 (+ direct object אֶרֶץ); direct object help Tehillim 20:3 (מִן location), light and truth Tehillim 43:3 (+ verb fin. action.), compare Tehillim 57:4.

stretch out, especially direct object hand:

human subj., c. ב person against, Breishis 37:22, Shmuel Alef 24:11; Esther 2:21 +; c. ב rei (property of others) Shemos 22:7, Shemos 22:10, Esther 9:10 +, בַּחַלָּמִישׁ Iyov 28:9; c. אֶל person against Breishis 22:12, Shmuel Beis 18:12, עַל person Melachim Alef 13:4, etc.; אֶל rei (for good) Shmuel Beis 6:6 (יָד om.); from outside, inward, Shir HaShirim 5:4 (מִן location); absolute Iyov 30:24 (read טֹבֵעַ for בְּעִי Dillmann Bi Budde). + inf. purpose Shmuel Alef 22:17; Shmuel Beis 1:14; Divrei HaYamim Alef 13:9; + verb fin. active Breishis 3:22 Devarim 25:11; Shoftim 15:15 +; שׁ׳ אֶצְבַּע Yeshaya 58:9, in token of scorn; with a direct object of rod Shmuel Alef 14:27; שִׁלֳחוּ מַגָּל Yoel 4:13 stretch out (the) sickle.

י׳ subj., direct object hand, + אֶל person against Shemos 24:11, compare (עַל) Tehillim 138:7; + verb fin. active †Shemos 3:20, Shemos 9:15, Iyov 1:11; Iyov 2:5; in favour, Yirmiya 1:9, absolute Tehillim 144:7 (מִן location), also (passive) Yechezkel 2:9 and (direct object תַּבְנִית יָד), Yechezkel 8:3.

direct object hand, subj. angel, + direct object location, inf. purpose Shmuel Beis 24:16, cherub, אֶל rei, מִן location Yechezkel 10:7; adversary, אֶל person Iyov 1:12; subj. angle, direct object rod Shoftim 6:21.

stretched out, slender, of tree Breishis 49:21 (poem in J), see i. אֵלָה above p. 18b.

perhaps extend, direct, direct object rei Yechezkel 8:17 (see זְמוֹרָה above p. 274b, also conjunction in Toy Krae).

rarely send away (see Pi.): human subj., direct object person Shoftim 11:38 (+ direct object temp.), Breishis 28:5.

let loose (see Pi.), perhaps only Tehillim 50:19 (figuratively) thy mouth hast thou let loose in evil.

infinitive (מקור) absolute וְנִשְׁלוֹחַ סְפָרִים = letters were sent (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 114 z gg) Esther 3:13 (+ אֶל person, בְּיַד agent., inf. purpose).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שִׁלַּח Shemos 8:28 +, with suffix שִׁלַּחֲךָ Shmuel Alef 20:22, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְשַׁלַּח Yirmiya 3:1 +, יְשַׁלֵּ֑חַ Yeshaya 45:13; Mishlei 6:14; 1st singular with suffix אֲשַׁלֵּחֲךָ Breishis 32:27, אֲשַׁלְּחֶ֫ךָּ Shmuel Beis 11:12 Melachim Alef 20:34, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שַׁלַּח Shemos 4:23 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute Devarim 22:7 Melachim Alef 11:22; construct שַׁלַּח Breishis 8:10 +, שַׁלֵּ֑חַ Shemos 7:27 +, etc.; participle (בינוני) מְשַׁלֵּחַ Breishis 43:4 +, etc.;—

send off, away, human subj.:

direct object person + ל location Yehoshua 24:28, Shoftim 7:8; Shmuel Alef 10:25 +; + ל person Yirmiya 48:12; + -ה location Shoftim 12:9 and (c. inf. purpose) Breishis 28:6; direct object of goat, לַעֲזָאזֵל Vayikra 16:10 (-ה location), v Vayikra 16:26; send out, different ways, direct object person, ב location Shoftim 19:29; Shoftim 20:6; send into exile, י׳ subj., c. מִן location Yirmiya 24:5, -ה location Yirmiya 29:20.

send away, dismiss, direct object person Breishis 21:14, Breishis 25:6 (J; מֵעַל person), Shmuel Beis 13:16 +; specif., with a direct object of wife (= divorce), Devarim 22:19, Devarim 22:29; Devarim 24:1, Devarim 24:3; Yirmiya 3:1 +, absolute Malachi 2:16.

send away empty (-handed) רֵיקָם, + direct object person Breishis 31:41, Devarim 15:13; Iyov 22:9.

send off, give a ‘send-off’ (sometimes escort part way), direct object person, Breishis 18:16; Breishis 24:59; Breishis 31:27 (all J), Shmuel Alef 9:26; Shmuel Beis 19:32; Melachim Beis 5:24; Melachim Beis 6:23; Ovadia 1:7.

direct object rei Shmuel Alef 6:8 Nechemia 8:12 +, with a direct object location Shmuel Alef 5:10; Shmuel Alef 6:3, אֶל person Yirmiya 27:3, etc.

send away, subj. י׳, direct object person Breishis 19:29 (J; מִתּוֹךְ), Melachim Alef 9:7 (מֵעַל פְּנֵי).

give over, direct object person Tehillim 81:13 (ב of evil).

cast out, direct object person Yirmiya 28:16 (מֵעַל־פְּנֵי), Vayikra 18:24; Vayikra 20:23 (both מִפְּנֵי).

send out, forth, send on a mission, especially of י׳, with a direct object of hornet Devarim 7:20, compare Devarim 28:20; Devarim 32:24 (all ב person), serpents Bamidbar 21:6 (E; ב person), lions Melachim Beis 17:25, Melachim Beis 17:26 (both the same), foes Melachim Beis 24:2^(×2) (+ inf. purpose); pestilence Amos 4:10; Yechezkel 28:23 (ב person), etc.; also springs into (ב) channel Tehillim 104:10.

let go, set free (sometimes c. חָפְשִׁי) Shemos 4:23; Shemos 5:2^(×2) (all ), Shmuel Beis 3:21, Shmuel Beis 3:23, Shmuel Beis 3:24 +; = cease to abuse Shoftim 19:25; + inf. purpose Breishis 24:56, Shemos 5:1 (E; + 10 times Ex), Shmuel Alef 5:11; with a direct object of bird Breishis 8:7, Breishis 8:8 (+ מֵאִתּוֹ) +; + עַל־פְּנֵי הַשָּׂדֶה Vayikra 14:7, compare v Vayikra 14:53 (both P); = let loose, direct object of beast, Shemos 22:4, Vayikra 16:22 (ב location); direct object of bridle Iyov 30:11 (figuratively); metaphorically of strife Mishlei 6:14, Mishlei 6:19; Mishlei 16:28; let loose waters, subj. י׳, Iyov 12:15.

shoot forth branches, Yirmiya 17:8 Tehillim 80:12 Yechezkel 31:5 (but see i. שֶׁלַח 2); compare of locks (פֶּרַע) Yechezkel 44:20 = let grow long.

let down, direct object person Yirmiya 38:6 (ב instr.), direct object rei v Yirmiya 38:11 (the same + אֶל person et location).

shoot (direct object of arrow om.), לְשַׁ׳ לִי לְמַטָּרָה Shmuel Alef 20:20.

phrases: שִׁלַּח (אֶת־)הָעִיר בָּאֵשׁ †Shoftim 1:8; Shoftim 20:48, compare Melachim Beis 8:12 Tehillim 74:7; but also שׁ׳ אֵשׁ בְּ †Amos 1:4, Amos 1:7, Amos 1:10, Amos 1:12; Amos 2:2, Amos 2:5; Hoshea 8:14; Yechezkel 39:6; rare expressions are: וַיְשַׁלְּחֵם בְּיַד־פִּשְׁעָם Iyov 8:4 (God subj.); stretch out hand, ב rei (for use) Mishlei 31:19, ל person (charity) v Mishlei 31:20; חֶבְלֵיהֶם תְּשַׁלַּחְנָה Iyov 39:3 (of hinds, bearing); שַׁלַּח לַחְמְךָ עַל־פְּנֵי הַמָּ֑יִם Koheles 11:1.—רַגְלַי שִׁלֵּ֑חוּ Iyov 30:12 is corrupt; Theod Ewald Dillmann רַגְלָם שִׁלֵּ֑חוּ; Me Budde Be and elsewhere dittogr. from v Iyov 30:11 b.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שֻׁלַּח Shoftim 5:15; Iyov 18:8, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְשֻׁלַּח Mishlei 17:11; participle (בינוני) מְשֻׁלָּח Yeshaya 16:2 +;—be sent off (started on journey) Breishis 44:3; with commission, ב person Ovadia 1:1; Mishlei 17:11, אֶל person Daniel 10:11; be put away, divorced, of wife Yeshaya 50:1 (figuratively); be impelled (?), בְּרַגְלָיו (= at his heels?), c. ב location Shoftim 5:15 (verb doubtful), compare שֻׁלַּח בְּרֶשֶׁת בְּרַגְלָיו Iyov 18:8 he is hurried into the net with his feet (? Septuagint Duhm שֻׁלְּחָה רַגְלוֹ); קֵן מְשֻׁלָּח Yeshaya 16:2 a driven (scattered) nest (‖ עוֹף נוֹדֵד), compare נָוֶה מְשׁ׳ וְנֶעֱזָב כַּמִּדְבָּר Yeshaya 27:10; נַעַר מְשׁ׳ Mishlei 29:15 a boy let loose (unrestrained).

past (עבר) 1st singular וְהִשְׁלַחְתִּ֫י and I (י׳) will send famine, בָּאָרֶץ Amos 8:11, compare Yechezkel 14:13, wild beasts; ב person Vayikra 26:22; participle (בינוני) מַשְׁלִיחַ, direct object of flies, ב person Shemos 8:17; infinitive (מקור) construct לְהַשְׁלִיחַ, direct object of foe, ב gent. Melachim Beis 15:37.

↗ original

שֶׁ֫לַח

n.[m.] missile, weapon, sprout (late);—absolute שׁ׳ Yoel 2:8 +, שָׁ֑לַח Nechemia 4:11 Iyov 33:18, with suffix שִׁלְחוֹ Nechemia 4:17; plural שְׁלָחִים Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:10, etc.;—

missile, weapon, Nechemia 4:11 and v Nechemia 4:17 (where הַמַּיִם corrupt; read probably בִּימִינוֹ or בְּיָדוֹ; see Ryle Be-Ry Berthol), Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:10 (disting. from חֲנִית, מָגֵן); coll. Divrei HaYamim Beis 32:5 and עָבַר בַּשׁ׳ Iyov 33:18; Iyov 36:12 (perish by or < rush upon [and perish]), Yoel 2:8 (see בְּעַד).

sprout, shoot (compare [שְׁלוּחָה], and √ Tehillim 80:12 Yirmiya 17:8), שְׁלָחַיִךְ פַּרְדֵּס Shir HaShirim 4:13 (figuratively; meaning? Perles^{Anal. 63} proposes שְׁנֵי לְחָיַיִךְ thy two cheeks); + probably Yechezkel 31:5 (read בִּשְׁלָחָיו Co Toy and elsewhere, or בְּשִׁלְחֵי [with v Yechezkel 31:6] Krae).

↗ original

שֶׁ֫לַח²

proper name (masc.) son of Arphachshad, Σαλα: שׁ׳ Breishis 10:24; Breishis 11:13, Breishis 11:14, Breishis 11:15; Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:18; שָׁ֑לַח Breishis 10:24; Breishis 11:12; Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:18, Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:24.

↗ original

שֶׁ֫לַח³

proper name in בְּרֵכַת הַשּׁ׳ Nechemia 3:15 = שִׁלֹחַ.

↗ original

שִׁלְחִי

proper name (masc.) father of Jehoshaphat’s mothers;—Melachim Alef 22:42 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:31; Σεμεει, Σαλαλα, Σαλει, etc.

↗ original

שִׁלּוּחִים

n.[m.]plural sending away, parting gift;—

אַחַר שִׁלּוּחֶיהָ Shemos 18:2 after she had been sent away.

שִׁלֻּחִים Melachim Alef 9:16 he gave (city) as parting gift (that is dowry) to his daughter; compare figuratively שִׁלּוּחִים Micha 1:14 thou shalt give a parting gift (= say farewell to, lose) Morešeth of Gath.

↗ original

שֻׁלְחָן

noun (masc.) Shemos 25:23 table (on form of word compare G.F. Moore^l.c.; proposes (see above) skin or leather mat spread on ground, see also, on early Sem. ‘table,’ Gesenius' Thesaurus¹⁴¹⁷ Wellhausen^{Skizzen iv. 157} Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 184; 2nd ed. 201} Kennedy^{Ency. Bib. iii. 2991});—absolute שׁ׳ Shmuel Alef 20:34 +; construct שֻׁלְחַן Melachim Alef 5:7 +; with suffix שֻׁלְחָנִי Shoftim 1:7 +, etc.; plural שֻׁלְחָנוֹת Yeshaya 28:8 +, construct שֻׁלְחֲנוֹת Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:16^(×2);—

table for king’s repast Shoftim 1:7 (c. תַּחַת), Shmuel Alef 20:29, Shmuel Alef 20:34; Shmuel Beis 9:11 (read שׁ׳ דָּוִד Septuagint Th Wellhausen Driver and mod.), v Shmuel Beis 9:13; Shmuel Beis 19:29; Melachim Alef 2:7; Melachim Alef 5:1; Melachim Alef 18:19; Melachim Alef 10:5 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:4, compare Yeshaya 21:5 (c. עָרַךְ (q.see 1 c) arrange); c. עַל Shmuel Beis 9:7, Shmuel Beis 9:10, Shmuel Beis 9:11 Daniel 11:27; for governor Nechemia 5:17 (c. עַל).

for private use Melachim Alef 13:20 (c. אֶל), Iyov 36:16 Tehillim 23:5 (figuratively, c. עָרַךְ), compare Tehillim 78:19 (the same), Tehillim 128:3, also (in bedroom) Melachim Beis 4:10; of revellers Yeshaya 28:8, compare Tehillim 69:23 (figuratively), of wisdom (figuratively), of wisdom (figuratively) Mishlei 9:2.

especially Ez P for sacred uses: in tab. Shemos 25:23 + 17 times Shemos 25:25-40, Bamidbar 3:31, שֻׁלְחַן הַפָּנִים Bamidbar 4:7 (compare Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:18 below); הַשּׁ׳ הַטָּהֹר Vayikra 24:6 (compare Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:11 below); in Sol.’s temple Melachim Alef 7:48; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:18, also (10 in no.) Divrei HaYamim Beis 4:8, Divrei HaYamim Beis 4:19; Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:11, compare Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:16^(×4), also Yechezkel 23:41 (c. עָרַךְ); in Ezekiel’s temple Yechezkel 40:39^(×2) + 6 times Yechezkel 40 (Yechezkel 40:8 in no.), Yechezkel 40:42 (of stone, 4 in no.); like altar Yechezkel 41:22, = altar of burnt-offering Yechezkel 44:16; in second temple, שֻׁלְחַן י׳ Malachi 1:7, שׁ׳ אֲדֹנָי v Malachi 1:12; for idolatrous meal Yeshaya 65:11; figuratively of י׳’s sacrif. feast Yechezkel 39:20 (eschatol.).

↗ original

שָׁלַט

verb domineer, be master of (late) (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Assyrian šalâṭu, have power; Arabic سَلُطَ overcome, prevail; سَلِيطٌ strong, hard, سُلْطَانٌ dominion, also ruler, sultan; Ethiopic ሠለጠ: Aramaic שְׁלַט, ܫܠܰܛ (especially der. spec.), Nabataean שלט, שלטון);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Koheles 8:9, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁלַט Koheles 2:19, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct שְׁלוֹט Esther 9:1;—domineer, lord it over, עַל person, Nechemia 5:15; ב person Koheles 8:9 (לְרַע לוֹ); ב rei Koheles 2:19; become master of, ב person Esther 9:1^(×2).

give power of: past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular with suffix person וְהִשְׁלִיטוֹ לֶאֱכֹל Koheles 5:18, so future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix יַשְׁלִיטֶנּוּ Koheles 6:2 (both subj. God).

= Qal, get mastery of: juss. 3rd feminine singular אַל־תַּשְׁלֶט־בִּי כָּל־אָ֑וֶן Tehillim 119:133.

↗ original

שַׁלִּיט

adjective having mastery, domineering;—

having mastery: אֵין אָדָם שׁ׳ בָּרוּחַ Koheles 8:8; elsewhere as noun הַשּׁ׳ the ruler Koheles 10:5, so (c. עַל־הָאָרֶץ) Breishis 42:6 (probably late substitution for original word of E); plural as noun שַׁלִּיטִים Koheles 7:19 (specif. of Alex.’s successors Perles^{Anal. 42}).

domineering, imperious, fs. (Konig^{ii 1. 201}) אִשָּׁה זוֹנָה שַׁלָּ֑טֶת Yechezkel 16:30 (Jerusalem personified).

↗ original

שִׁלְטוֹן

n.[m.] mastery (Lagarde^{BN 199});—Koheles 8:4, Koheles 8:8 (c. בְּ).

↗ original

שַׁלֶּ֫כֶת

noun (fem.) felling of tree;—Yeshaya 6:13.

↗ original

שַׁלֶּ֫כֶת²

proper name of a temple-gate, W. side (? gate of casting forth; yet compare Kittel);—Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:16.

↗ original

שָׁלַל

verb draw out (Arabic سَلَّ draw, especially sword from scabbard, سَلِيلٌ drawn sword, new born child (compare Frä ⁷⁵, but also Schulthess^{Hom. Wurz. 80 f.}); Talm. שָׁלִיל, Targum שְׁלִילָא embryo or abortion);—future (עתיד) 2nd masculine plural + infinitive (מקור) absolute שֹׁל־תָּשֹׁלּוּ לָהּ מִן וגו׳ Rus 2:16 ye shall by all means draw out for her from the sheaves.

↗ original

שׁוֹלָל²

adjective in direct object c. as adverb (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 118o) barefoot (appar. stripped as to walking; always c. הלך);—אֵילְכָה שׁוֹלָל וְעָרוֹם Micha 1:8 Keri I will go barefoot and naked (Kesiv שילל); מוֹלִיךְ יוֹעֲצִם שׁ׳ Iyov 12:17, compare v Iyov 12:19.

↗ original

שָׁלַל²

verb spoil, plunder (usually identif. with I. שׁ׳; Mishnaic Hebrew the same (Jastr, compare Dalman); Assyrian šalâlu the same; Hom^{Chr 33} cp. Sabean תֿלל plunder, connecting this with Arabic ثَلَّةٌ a flock of sheep (or goats); then Targum שְׁלָלָא booty, and (rare) Syriac ܫܶܠܳܠ are loan-words);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular consec. וְשׁ׳ Yechezkel 26:12; 2nd masculine singular שַׁלּוֹתָ Chavakuk 2:8, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural with suffix יְשָׁלּוּךָ v Chavakuk 2:8; construct לִשְׁלֹל Yeshaya 10:6 +; participle (בינוני) plural שֹׁלְלִים Zecharia 2:12, etc.;—spoil, plunder (usually ‖ בָּזַז), with a direct object cogn. שָׁלָל Yeshaya 10:6; Yechezkel 29:19; Yechezkel 38:12, Yechezkel 38:13^(×2), direct object חַיִל wealth Yechezkel 26:12; direct object person, שֹׁלְלִים Yirmiya 50:10; Chavakuk 2:8; Yechezkel 39:10, גּוֹיִם רַבִּים Chavakuk 2:8, compare Zecharia 2:12. Hithpōʿ. past (עבר) 3rd plural אֶשְׁתּוֹלְלוּ אַבִּירֵי לֵב (א in אֶשְׁתּ׳ is Aramaic, or scribal error: Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 54 a n., compare 53 k) Tehillim 76:6 the stout of heart are spoiled; participle (בינוני) מִשְׁתּוֹלֵל Yeshaya 59:15 he that departs from evil is one despoiled.

↗ original

שָׁלָל

noun (masc.) Shmuel Alef 30:16 prey, spoil, plunder, booty;—absolute שׁ׳ Breishis 49:27 +; construct שְׁלַל Shoftim 5:30 +, with suffix שְׁלָלֵךְ Zecharia 14:1, שְׁלַלְכֶם Yeshaya 33:4, etc.;—

prey, of Benj. as wolf Breishis 49:27 (poem in J; c. חִלֵּק).

booty, spoil of war, of all kinds (often ‖ בַּז): incl. garments, gold and silver Yehoshua 7:21, ornaments Shoftim 8:24, Shoftim 8:25, fabrics and women Shoftim 5:30 a, b, flocks and herds Shmuel Alef 30:20; Yirmiya 49:32; Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:11, + persons Devarim 20:14^(×2), garments, food and drink Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:15, etc. (58 times; among these) שְׁלַל הֶעָרִים Devarim 2:25; Shmuel Beis 12:30; Divrei HaYamim Alef 20:2 and (+ cattle in addition) Devarim 3:7, Yehoshua 8:27; Yehoshua 11:14 (both R^D), compare (also of city) Yeshaya 8:4; Devarim 13:17^(×2); Zecharia 14:1 and (+ cattle) Yehoshua 8:2 (R^D), but incl. person and cattle Devarim 20:14, compare v Devarim 20:14; figuratively of entire nation Yirmiya 50:10; Yechezkel 7:21; Zecharia 2:13; שׁ׳ in symbol. proper name מַהֵר שָׁלָל וגו׳ Yeshaya 8:1, Yeshaya 8:3, see above p. 555^a; שׁ׳ in metaphorically of future majesty of עֶבֶד י׳ Yeshaya 53:12; וְהֳיְתָה־לּוֹ נַפְשׁוֹ לְשׁ׳ that is life shall be spared, Yirmiya 21:9; Yirmiya 38:2; Yirmiya 39:18, compare Yirmiya 45:5.

private plunder Yeshaya 10:2 (אַלְמָנוֹת שְׁלָלָם), Mishlei 1:13 and (perhaps in current saying) Mishlei 16:19.

= gain Mishlei 31:11.—לְצַוְּארֵי שׁ׳ Shoftim 5:30 is clearly wrong; meaning doubtful (see especially G.F. Moore); plausible conjunction are לְצַוָּארַי שׁ׳ for my neck as spoil, Reuss Br and elsewhere, and לְצַוְּארֵי שֵׁגָל for the neck of the queen Ewald Be Kittel and elsewhere (but שֵׁגָל elsewhere late); Nowack del. שָׁלָל and reads לְצַוָּארָיו.

↗ original

שָׁלֵם

verb be complete, sound (Mishnaic Hebrew the same (Jastr), Phoenician שלם Pi. complete, requite, especially in proper name, Lidzbarski ³⁷⁶ GACooke ^{99, also 81, 111, etc.}; Arabic سَلِمَ be safe, secure, free from fault, ii. make over, resign to, iv. resign or submit oneself, especially to God, whence ptcp. Muslim, and inf. Islām, proposes submission to God; Assyrian šalâmu, be complete, unharmed, be paid; Aramaic שְׁלֵים, ܫܠܶܡ be complete, safe, Targum peaceful; O Aramaic שלם reward, repay (Pa; in proper name); compare Sabean סלם peace Hom^{Chr 124}, Arabic سِلْمٌ, also سَلَامٌ safety, security; Assyrian šulmu, welfare; Ethiopic ሰላም Dillmann ³²² security, peace; Aramaic שְׁלָמָא, ܫܠܳܡܳܐ security, welfare, O Aramaic שלם Lidzbarski ³⁷⁶, especially = submission, in proper name Robertson Smith^Sem. ^{79 f.}; Bondi ⁷⁰ (after Brugsch), cp. šarmā, greet, do homage, as loan-word in Egyptian);—

past (עבר) 3rd plural שָֽׁלְמוּ Yeshaya 60:20; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיִּשְׁלָ֑ם Iyov 9:4; f. תִּשְׁלַם Melachim Alef 7:51 + 2 times;—

be complete, finished, ended: temple Melachim Alef 7:51 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 5:1; walls of city Nechemia 6:15; of time Yeshaya 60:20.

be sound, uninjured, Iyov 9:4.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שִׁלַּם Vayikra 5:24 +, 1st singular וְשִׁלַּמְתּ֫י Yirmiya 16:18 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְשַׁלֵּם Shemos 21:34 +; with suffix יְשַׁלְּמֶ֑נָּה Vayikra 24:18 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שַׁלֵּם Koheles 5:3 Tehillim 50:14, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute שַׁלֵּם Shemos 21:36 +; construct the same Mishlei 22:27, etc.; participle (בינוני) מְשַׁלֵּם Devarim 7:10 +, etc.;—

complete, finish, temple Melachim Alef 9:25.

make safe, with a direct object Iyov 8:6.

make whole or good, restore thing lost Yoel 2:25, or stolen Shemos 21:37; pay a debt Melachim Beis 4:7 Tehillim 37:21 Mishlei 22:27; Iyov 41:3; make compensation, for injury Vayikra 24:18, Vayikra 24:21; for trespass in sacred things Vayikra 5:16.

make good, that is pay, vows, with a direct object נֶדֶר Devarim 23:22; Shmuel Beis 15:7 + 9 times, + (c. ל to God) Tehillim 50:14; Tehillim 66:13; Tehillim 116:14, Tehillim 116:18; object om. Tehillim 76:12; absolute Yeshaya 19:21; with a direct object תּוֹדוֹת c. ל to God Tehillim 56:13; פרים שׂפתינו Hoshea 14:3 (see p. 830b).

requite, recompense, reward, good Shmuel Alef 24:20; Rus 2:12; evil Yeshaya 65:6; Yirmiya 51:56; c. ל person Devarim 7:10 + 4 times, + (with a direct object rei) Yirmiya 51:24; אל person Iyov 21:19; direct object rei Mishlei 20:22; Yirmiya 16:18; שִׁלַּם גְּמוּל לְ Yeshaya 59:18^(×2), (but see i. שִׁלֵּם), Yeshaya 66:6 + (see גְּמוּל); †שׁ׳ פֹּעַל לְ Iyov 34:11; שׁ׳ גְּמוּל עַל Yoel 4:4; עַל חֵיק Yeshaya 65:6; אֶל־חֵיק Yirmiya 32:18; †c. ל person and כ of deeds, שׁ׳ reward according to one’s works Shmuel Beis 3:39 + 3 times; direct object person Tehillim 31:24; direct object rei †שׁ׳ רעה תחת טובה Breishis 44:4 Tehillim 35:12; Tehillim 38:21 (read מְשַׁלְּמֵנִי).

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְשֻׁלַּם Tehillim 65:2 Yirmiya 18:20; יְשֻׁלָּ֑ם Mishlei 11:31; Mishlei 13:13;—

be performed, of vow Tehillim 65:2.

be repaid, requited, Yirmiya 18:20; Mishlei 11:31; Mishlei 13:13.

complete, perform: future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַשְׁלִים Iyov 23:14; Yeshaya 44:26, יַשְׁלִם v Yeshaya 44:28.

make an end of, 2nd masculine singular with suffix תַּשְׁלִימֵנִי Yeshaya 38:12, Yeshaya 38:13 (Septuagint Duhm Marti deliver up to pains, as in Aramaic).

↗ original

שָׁלוֹם

noun (masc.) Yeshaya 54:13 completeness, soundness, welfare, peace (Lagarde^{BN 174});—שׁ׳ Breishis 29:6 +; שָׁלֹם (rare) Yechezkel 13:16 +; construct שְׁלוֹם Breishis 37:14 +; with suffix שְׁלוֹמִי Tehillim 41:10 +, etc.; plural (all doubtful) שְׁלוֹמִים Yirmiya 13:19 Tehillim 69:23; with suffix שְׁלֹמָיו Tehillim 55:21;—

completeness in no., הָגְלָת שְׁלוֹמִים Yirmiya 13:19 Judah is wholly carried captive (but read גָּלוּת שְׁלֵמָה, compare Amos 1:6; so Septuagint Wellhausen ^Am Siegfried-Stade Buhl).

safety, soundness, in body, אֵין שָׁלוֹם בַּעֲצָמַי Tehillim 38:4; לְשָׁלוֹם Yeshaya 38:17; שָׁלוֹם אָהֳלֶ֑ךָ (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 141 c) Iyov 5:24 is safe, secure.

welfare, health, prosperity: †שָׁאַל לפ׳ לשׁ׳ ask one about welfare Breishis 43:27, Shemos 18:7, Shoftim 18:15 + 7 times, compare Shmuel Beis 11:7^(×3); pregn. ירד לשׁלום Melachim Beis 10:13 descend (to ask) about welfare of, compare Shmuel Alef 17:18 Yirmiya 38:4; הלך לשׁ׳ Shemos 4:18 + 5 times; עלה לשׁ׳ Breishis 44:17, Shmuel Alef 25:35; דבּר לשׁ׳ Breishis 37:4; שָׁלוֹם ל׳ be well with Breishis 29:6; Breishis 43:23, Breishis 43:28, Shoftim 6:23; Shoftim 19:20; Shmuel Alef 20:7, Shmuel Alef 20:21 + 10 times, Melachim Beis 4:26^(×3); שָׁלוֹם בְּ (יְהִי) Tehillim 122:7(8) be it well with; absolute as object of אָמַר well, be well, שׁ׳ Breishis 29:6, Shmuel Beis 18:28 Melachim Beis 9:11, Melachim Beis 9:17, Melachim Beis 9:18, Melachim Beis 9:19, Melachim Beis 9:22; Yirmiya 6:14^(×2) + 10 times; הֲשָׁלוֹם אֲבִיכֶם Breishis 43:27 cp. Shmuel Alef 25:6; †שׁ׳ בּ(וֹ)אֶ֑ךָ Shmuel Alef 16:4 (see Driver), Melachim Alef 2:13; אֵין שׁ׳ Yirmiya 6:14 + 3 times; †אין שׁ׳ לרשׁעים Yeshaya 48:22; Yeshaya 57:21; but ראה שׁ׳ רשׁעים Tehillim 73:3; †רֹב שׁ׳ Tehillim 37:11; Tehillim 72:7; שׁאל שׁ׳ פ׳ Tehillim 122:6; דרשׁ שׁ׳ (‖ טוב) Devarim 23:7; Ezra 9:12; שׁ׳ יוֹסִיפוּ לָךְ Mishlei 3:2; בַּשּׁ׳ Iyov 15:21 in time of prosperity.

peace, quiet, tranquillity, contentment, Yeshaya 32:17 (‖ הַשְׁקֵט וָבֶטַח); שָׁכַב בשׁ׳ Tehillim 4:9 (to sleep); depart life בְּשׁ׳ in tranquillity Breishis 15:15 (R^je), Melachim Alef 2:6 + 3 times, יָבוֹא Yeshaya 57:2; אַחֲרִית לְאִישׁ שׁ׳ Tehillim 37:37; בא בשׁ׳ Shemos 18:23 come in contentment; ארץ שׁ׳ Yirmiya 12:5; נְוֵה שׁ׳ (‖ מבטחים) Yeshaya 32:18, compare Yirmiya 25:37; שׁ׳ מִפָּ֑חַד Iyov 21:9, compare Zecharia 8:10; ולשׁלומים לְמוֹקֵשׁ Tehillim 69:23 and let security become a trap (but Septuagint Aq Sym Theod Jer וּלְמ׳ וּכְשִׁלּוּמִים, Duhm (compare Targum) וּשְׁלָמִים peace-offerings, and שֻׁלְחָן v^a).

peace, friendship:

human relations: אֱנוֹשׁ שְׁלֹמִי Yirmiya 20:10 man of my friendship, compare Yirmiya 38:22 Ovadia 1:7 Tehillim 41:10; עֲצַת שׁ׳ בין Zecharia 6:13; יֹעֲצֵי שׁ׳ Mishlei 12:20; (אֵת, עִם) דבּר שׁ׳ Tehillim 28:3; Tehillim 35:20 Yirmiya 9:7; בקּשׁ שׁ׳ Tehillim 34:15; ידע שׁ׳ Yeshaya 59:8; דֶּרֶךְ שׁ׳ v Yeshaya 59:8; שׁלּח בשׁ׳ Breishis 26:29; הלך בשׁ׳ v Breishis 26:31, Shmuel Alef 29:7 + 4 times; שׁוב בשׁ׳ Shmuel Beis 15:27; ‖ צדקה in Mess. reign Tehillim 72:3.

peace with God, especially in covt. relation: Yeshaya 54:10 ברית covt. of my peace, compare Bamidbar 25:12, Yechezkel 34:25; Yechezkel 37:26, also Malachi 2:5; י׳ שׁ׳ as name of altar Shoftim 6:24; י׳ subj. שָׂם שׁ׳ לְ Bamidbar 6:26; בֵּרַךְ בשׁ׳ Tehillim 29:11; חפץ שׁ׳ Tehillim 35:27; עשׂה שׁ׳ לְ Yirmiya 33:9; אָסַף שׁ׳ מֵאֵת Yirmiya 16:5 (‖ חסד); דבּר שׁ׳ אֶל Tehillim 85:9; נתן שׁ׳ Chaggai 2:9; מחשׁבות שׁ׳ Yirmiya 29:11; man subj. עשׂה שׁ׳ ל׳ Yeshaya 27:5^(×2); הלך בשׁ׳ Malachi 2:6. In this sense ‖ צֶדֶק Tehillim 85:11, ‖ צְדָקָה Yeshaya 54:13; Yeshaya 60:17, ‖ שִׂמְחָה Yeshaya 55:12, is like a river Yeshaya 48:18; Yeshaya 66:12; שׁ׳ עַל־ישׂראל Tehillim 125:5; Tehillim 128:6, שׁ׳ רָב לְאֹהֲבֵי תוֹרָתֶ֑ךָ Tehillim 119:165; מוּסַר שׁ׳ Yeshaya 53:5 chastisement for our peace (but Siegfried-Stade Buhl שִׁלֻּמֵינוּ).

peace from war: (ל) עשׂה שׁ׳ make peace (with) Yehoshua 9:15; Iyov 25:2; נתן שׁ׳ בארץ Vayikra 26:6; †שׁ׳ בין ובין Shoftim 4:17; Shmuel Alef 7:14; Melachim Alef 5:26; †קרא (ל)שׁ׳ Devarim 20:10; Shoftim 21:13; Micha 3:5; †שׁוב בשׁ׳ Yehoshua 10:21; Shoftim 8:9; Shoftim 11:31 (compare v Shoftim 11:13); בא בשׁ׳ Shmuel Beis 19:25, Shmuel Beis 19:31 + 7 times; †היה שׁ׳ לְ Melachim Alef 5:4 + 3 times, compare Shmuel Beis 17:3 (see Driver); בקּשׁ שׁ׳ Yechezkel 7:25; מלאכי שׁ׳ Yeshaya 33:7; נתן שׁ׳ וָשֶׁקֶט Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:9; מוֹצְאֵת שׁ׳ Shir HaShirim 8:10; †שׁ׳(ו)אמת Yeshaya 39:8 = Melachim Beis 20:19 + 3 times, compare Zecharia 8:19; עֵת שׁ׳ Koheles 3:8; בְּשׁ׳ Melachim Alef 2:5 in time of peace; שַׂר שׁ׳ Yeshaya 9:5 (Mess. title), compare זֶה שׁ׳ Micha 5:4.

as adjective שְׁלֹמָיו Tehillim 55:21 those at peace with him (read שֹֽׁלְמָיו Baethgen Buhl Duhm, or שְׁלֵמָיו Siegfried-Stade; Septuagint appar. שִׁלּוּמָיו).

↗ original

שֶׁ֫לֶם

n.[m.] sacrifice for alliance or friendship, ‘peace-offering’ (expl. disputed: orig. sacrif. for alliance Dillmann; and elsewhere peace-offering (mark of peace with God), Septuagint^{Smend K Pr} εἰρηνική, De Stade^{G i. 496} Wellhausen^{Heid. 71} (fellowship between God and worshippers); welfare-offering, Septuagint elsewhere σωτήριον, Ke; thank-offering (as due rendered for benefit, or in paying vow, compare √ Pi. 4, and Mishlei 7:14) Gesenius Ewald Kn; sacred meal its special feature: see Robertson Smith^{Sem. i. 219; 2nd ed. 237}; Nowack^{Arch. ii. 211f.} G.F. Moore^{Ency. Bib. Sacrifice, § 11}; Assyrian šulmu = שֶׁלֶם is cited by J Jerem^{Ency. Bib. Ritual, § 11});—construct שׁ׳ Amos 5:22; elsewhere plural שְׁלָמִים Shemos 24:5 + 69 times; construct שַׁלְמֵי Vayikra 10:14; with suffix שְׁלָמֶ֫יךָ Shemos 20:21, etc.; plural is abstr. intens. Vayikra 7:13; Bamidbar 6:17 +; plural of no. Shemos 24:5, Shmuel Alef 11:15 +; usually hard to decide; שׁ׳ (in app.) defines זְבָחִים Shemos 24:5, and so זבח of covt. of Horeb is שׁ׳, as also sacrifice for Saul Shmuel Alef 11:15; following phr. shew שׁ׳ essentially = זבהים in like phr. (see זבח); שׁ׳ coming to mean ז׳ in all ritual; over against עוֹלוֹת Shemos 20:21; Shemos 32:6, Vayikra 6:5, Devarim 27:7; Yehoshua 8:31, Shoftim 20:26; Shoftim 21:4; Shmuel Alef 13:9; Shmuel Beis 6:17, Shmuel Beis 6:18; Shmuel Beis 24:25; Melachim Alef 3:15; Melachim Alef 9:25; Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:1, Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:2; Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:26; Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:2; Yechezkel 43:27; Yechezkel 45:17; Yechezkel 46:2, Yechezkel 46:12; so in longer lists Vayikra 9:4, Vayikra 9:22; Bamidbar 6:14; Bamidbar 29:39, Melachim Alef 8:64^(×2); Melachim Alef 16:13; Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:7; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:35; Yechezkel 45:15, Yechezkel 45:17; Yechezkel 46:12; and when שׁ׳ alone Vayikra 7:14, Vayikra 7:33; in P שׁ׳ defines ז׳ in construct singular or plural: Shemos 29:28 Vayikra 3:1 + 34 times P, Vayikra 17:5; Vayikra 19:5; Vayikra 22:21; Vayikra 23:19, so Shmuel Alef 10:8; Melachim Alef 8:63; Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:22; Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:16; Mishlei 7:14; ז׳ שׁ׳ of H and P incl. תודה, נדר, נדבה Vayikra 7:12, Vayikra 7:16, and so זבח תודה שׁ׳ v Vayikra 7:13, Vayikra 7:15; שׁ׳ disting. from (larger) ז׳ in lists שָׁ׳, ז׳, עולות Yehoshua 22:27; נדר, ז׳, עלה Bamidbar 15:8; שׁ׳ disting. from נְדָבָה Yechezkel 46:12 (where may = either of other two); from נדרים, נדבות Bamidbar 29:39 (and must then ref. to תודות); from נדר Bamidbar 15:8; appar. then not disting. from תּוֹדוֹת, תּוֹדָה Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:16 being probably specification.

↗ original

שָׁלַם

verb denom. be in covenant of peace;—

imperative (ציווי) שְׁלָ֑ם Iyov 22:21 be at peace (in covt.); participle (בינוני) with suffix שׁוֹלְמִי Tehillim 7:5 that is my ally, friend (compare Tehillim 41:10); participle (בינוני) passive construct שְׁלֻמֵי Shmuel Beis 20:19, read שָׂמוּ Ewald^{G iii.264} Gesenius ^{130 f.N.4} Driver (compare Wellhausen).

participle (בינוני) מְשֻׁלָּם Yeshaya 42:19 one in covt. of peace (with י׳; but Septuagint משְׁלָם their ruler, so Cheyne^Haupt; Gesenius Hitzig Ewald and elsewhere one resigned (to God), read then מָשְׁלָם, compare √, Arabic iv.; Kroch Gratzä Marti מְשֻׁלָּחִי).

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular הִשְׁלִ֫ימָה Yehoshua 10:4; Yehoshua 11:19; 3rd masculine plural הִשְׁלִ֫ימוּ Yehoshua 10:1; future (עתיד) יַשְׁלִים Yeshaya 44:26 +, יַשְׁלִם Mishlei 16:7; וַיַּשְׁלֵם Melachim Alef 22:45, etc.;—

make peace with, אֶת, Yehoshua 10:1, Yehoshua 10:4; Shmuel Beis 10:19 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 19:19 (עִם); עִם Devarim 20:12 Melachim Alef 22:45; c. אֶל pregn. Yehoshua 11:19 submitting unto.

cause to be at peace, אֶת, Mishlei 16:7.

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular הָשְׁלְמָה Iyov 5:23 live in peace with, לְ (‖ ברית).

↗ original

שָׁלֵם²

adjective complete, safe, at peace;—שׁ׳ Breishis 15:16 +; plural שְׁלֵמִים Breishis 34:21; Nachum 1:12; f. שְׁלֵמָה Devarim 25:15 +; plural שְׁלֵמוֹת Devarim 27:6 Yehoshua 8:31;—

complete:

full, perfect: אֶבֶן שְׁלֵמָה full weight Devarim 25:15; Mishlei 11:1, אֵיפָה שׁ׳ Devarim 25:15; of עָוֹן Breishis 15:16; number of captives Amos 1:6, Amos 1:9; of army Nachum 1:12 (text corrupt; Septuagint משֵׁל מַיִם, but?; see commentaries); of reward Rus 2:12; of stones, whole (in natural condition, unhewn) Devarim 27:6; Yehoshua 8:31 (compare law Shemos 20:22).

finished: that is hewn stones Melachim Alef 6:7; temple Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:16.

safe, unharmed, of person Breishis 33:18 (P; Sam. שׁלוֹם, compare בשׁלום Breishis 28:21; not proper name (place) as old versions).

in covt. of peace, friendship, c. אֵת Breishis 34:21; לֵבָב שָׁלֵם עִם י׳ a mind at peace with י׳, keeping covt. relation, hence complete, perfect, Melachim Alef 8:61; Melachim Alef 11:4; Melachim Alef 15:3, Melachim Alef 15:14; c. אֶל Divrei HaYamim Beis 16:9, אֶל om. Melachim Beis 20:3 = Yeshaya 38:3 (לֵב), Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:38; Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:19; Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:17; Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:9; Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:2; לֵב Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:9; Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:9.

↗ original

שָׁלֵם³

proper name (place) abbrev. from יְרוּשָׁלַם (q.see), and perhaps (Gunk Driver) intended as archaism Breishis 14:18, compare (poet.) Tehillim 76:3 (‖ צִיּוֹן); see Jos^{Ant. i, 10, 2}; Septuagint Σαλημ and (ψ) εἰρήνη.

↗ original

שַׁלּוּם

(less often שַׁלֻּם) proper name (masc.) Σελ(λ)ουμ, Σαλ(λ)ουμ, Σελλημ, etc.;—

king of N. Israel Melachim Beis 15:10, Melachim Beis 15:13, Melachim Beis 15:14, Melachim Beis 15:15.

son of Josiah, and king of Judah Yirmiya 22:11; Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:15 = יְהוֹאָחָז 1, see p. 219.

husband of Huldah Melachim Beis 22:14 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:22, B SeptuagintL Σελλημ, A -λουμ.

uncle of Jeremiah Yirmiya 32:7.

in Simeon Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:25.

in Jerahmeel Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:40, Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:41.

in Ephr. Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:12.

in Napht. Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:13.

father of a threshold keeper Yirmiya 35:4.

wall-builder Nechemia 3:12.

priests Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:38, Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:39; Ezra 7:2 (ancestor of Ezra, perhaps = מְשֻׁלָּם 7 a).

Levits:

Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:17^(×2), perhaps = v Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:19, Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:31, and Ezra 2:42 ‖ Nechemia 7:44 (= שֶׁלֶמְיָה 2, מְשֻׁלָּם 8 c, (מְשֶׁלֶמְיָה(וּ)).

Ezra 10:24.

v Ezra 10:42 below.

↗ original

שַׁלּוּן

proper name (masc.) wall-builder Nechemia 3:15 = שַׁלּוּם according to Gesenius' Thesaurus.

↗ original

שְׁלֹמֹה

↗ original

שְׁלֹמוֹת

i. שְׁלֹמִית (שְׁלוֹ׳ Ezra 8:10) proper name (masc.)

Levites:

-מוֹת Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:22^(×2); Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:26; -מִית v Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:28; Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:18; -מות Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:25 Kesiv, -מִית Keri. Σαλωμωθ, SeptuagintL Σαλωμιθ.

-מות Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:9 Kesiv, -מִית Keri. Αλωθειμ, Σαλωμ(ε)ιθ.

-מִית son (appar.) of Rehob. Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:20, Εμμωθ, A Σαλημωθ, SeptuagintL Σαλωμιθ.

-מִית head of post-ex.. family Ezra 8:10, Σαλειμουθ, etc.

↗ original

שְׁלֹמִית

proper namef. Σαλ(ω)μιθ, etc.:

in Israel Vayikra 24:11.

daughter of Zerub. Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:19.

↗ original

שְׁלֹמִי

proper name (masc.) in Asher, Bamidbar 34:27; Σελεμ(ε)ι.

↗ original

שְׁלֻמִיאֵל

proper name (masc.) in Simeon Bamidbar 1:6; Bamidbar 2:12; Bamidbar 7:36, Bamidbar 7:41; Bamidbar 10:19; Σαλαμιηλ.

↗ original

שַׁלְמַנְאֶ֫סֶר

proper name (masc.) king of Assyria (proposes -אסרד, = Assyrian Šulman-ašaridu, ‘(God) Šulman is chief,’ Schrader^{ZK ii (1885), 197 ff.} Muss-Arnolt^{JBL xi (1892), 79});—Melachim Beis 17:3 = Melachim Beis 18:9; Σαλ(α)μανασ(σ)αρ, Vulgate Salmanasar. This was שׁ׳ V, b.c. 727–722, Say^{Hast DB s. see} Johns^{Ency. Bib. s. see}.

↗ original

שָׁלַף

verb draw out, off (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, loosen, draw (nail, sword; Jastr); Assyrian šalâpu, pluck out, draw sword; Aramaic שְׁלַף draw sword, draw off shoe, ܫܠܰܦ draw sword, in Lexx. remove corselet; Arabic سَلَفَ is pass, pass away, سَلَبَ strip, plunder, etc.);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Shoftim 3:22 +; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיִּשְׁלֹף Rus 4:8, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שְׁלֹף Shoftim 9:54 +; participle (בינוני) active שֹׁלֵף Shoftim 8:10 +, etc.; passive f. שְׁלוּפָה Bamidbar 22:23 +;—

draw out sword from (מִן) wound Shoftim 3:22, compare Iyov 20:25; usually sword from sheath Shoftim 8:20; Shoftim 9:54; Shmuel Alef 31:4 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 10:4, + מִתַּעְרָהּ Shmuel Alef 17:51; וְחַרְבּוֹ שְׁלוּפָה בְּיָדוֹ Bamidbar 22:23, Bamidbar 22:31; Yehoshua 5:13 (all J), Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:16; elsewhere אִישׁ שֹׁלֵף ח׳ coll. Shoftim 8:10; Shoftim 20:2, Shoftim 20:15, Shoftim 20:17, Shoftim 20:46; Shmuel Beis 24:9 Melachim Beis 3:26 Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:5^(×2), compare Shoftim 20:35 and (שֹׁלְפֵי ח׳) v Shoftim 20:25.

draw off sandal Rus 4:7, Rus 4:8 (compare I. חלץ 1; also Robertson Smith^{K 269} Driver Devarim 25:9 Bewer^{SK lxxvi (1903), 332}).

shoot up (?), that is draw out blade, of grass on roof Tehillim 129:6 (compare Ewald Baethgen and elsewhere); Cheyne Driver is unsheathed (verb c. subj. indef. = passive), with same meaning; Hupfeld-Nowack proposes שָׁלֵם (with ‖ in Syriac); see Ortenberg^{Textkritik d. Ps. (1861), 30} שֶׁחָלָף, Wellhausen^Haupt Duhm חֲלֹף (as Tehillim 90:5, Tehillim 90:6, see ח׳ 2).

↗ original

שֶׁ֫לֶף

proper name (masc.) son of Joḳṭan;—שָׁ֑לֶף Breishis 10:26 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:20; Σαλεφ; identif. by Os^{ZMG xi (1857), 153 f.} with S. Arabic tribe سُلَف, compare Mordtm^{ZMG xxxix (1885), 228} Glaser^{Skizze ii. 425} Hom^{Chr 70}, and see Dillmann Driver.

↗ original

שִׁלֵּשׁ

Pi. denom. do a third time, divide into three parts, etc.;—past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular וְשִׁלַּשְׁתָּ֫ Devarim 19:3 divide land into three parts (so future (עתיד) וַיְשַׁלֵּשׁ אֶת־הָעָם [for Masoretic Text וַיְשַׁלַּח] Shmuel Beis 18:2 SeptuagintL Budde); Shmuel Alef 20:19 stay three days (compare Driver); v Shmuel Alef 20:20 Wellhausen Driver and elsewhere (compare Septuagint) read אֲשַׁלֵּשׁ בַּ׳ (for שְׁלשֶׁת הַ׳) = I will shoot on the third day with the arrows (H.P. Smith qu.); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural וַיְשַׁלֵּ֑שׁוּ Melachim Alef 18:34, and imperative (ציווי) mpl. שַׁלֵּ֑שׁוּ v Melachim Alef 18:34 do a third time. Pu. participle (בינוני) מְשֻׁלָּשׁ three years old Breishis 15:9 + Shmuel Alef 1:24 (read with Septuagint Th Wellhausen etc. בְּפַר מְשֻׁלָּשׁ for בְּפָרִם שְׁלשָׁה), f. מְשֻׁלֶּשֶׁת Breishis 15:9^(×2); הַחוּט הַמְשֻׁלָּשׁ Koheles 4:12 the threefold cord; fpl. מְשֻׁלָּשׁוֹת Yechezkel 42:6 three-storied chambers.

↗ original

שְׁלִישִׁי

m. שְׁלִישִׁית f. adjectivenum. ord.₁₀₈ third;—יוֹם שְׁלִישִׁי Breishis 1:13 + 31 times, etc. (64 times, rarely שְׁלִשִׁי); plural שְׁלִשִׁים (third 50, set of messengers, etc.) Shmuel Alef 19:21; Melachim Beis 1:13 + 4 times; בַּשָּׁנָה הַשְּׁלִישִׁית Melachim Alef 18:1 + 4 times, etc. (33 times; sometimes שְׁלִשִׁית, שְׁלִשִׁת, etc.); = third part, a third Shmuel Beis 18:2^(×3) + 13 times, + (construct) Bamidbar 15:6 + 4 times, + שְׁלִשִׁתֵיךְ (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 911) Yechezkel 5:12 third part of thee; = third time Shmuel Alef 3:8; also שְׁלִישִׁיָּה Yeshaya 19:24 third (on par with other two); בַּשְּׁלֵישִׁים Yechezkel 42:3 in the thirds, that is third story;—שְׁלִשִׁיָּה עֶגְלַת Yeshaya 15:5; Yirmiya 48:34, see ע׳ p. 722.—שְׁלִישִׁתָה Yechezkel 21:19 is corrupt; Krae proposes וְשֻׁלְּשָׁה the sword shall be doubled and trebled; other conjunction in Co Toy. Shmuel Alef 20:5 del. הַשּׁ׳ Septuagint Wellhausen Driver and elsewhere, so v Shmuel Alef 20:12 Shmuel Beis 23:18 read הַשְּׁלשִׁם Peshitta Wellhausen Driver and elsewhere

↗ original

שִׁלְשֹׁם

and (less often) שִׁלְשׁוֹם ₂₅ adverb = three days ago, specif. day before yesterday (Konig^{ii. 1. 255 f.} Lagarde^{BN 20 Anm.} Barth^{NB § 216b});—in phr. תְּמוֹל שׁ׳ Shemos 5:8 yesterday (and) day before, idiomat. for hitherto, so Rus 2:11, אֶתְמוֹל שׁ׳ Shmuel Alef 4:7; כִּת׳ שׁ׳ Breishis 31:2, Breishis 31:5, Shemos 5:7, Shemos 5:14, Melachim Beis 13:5, compare Shmuel Alef 14:21; Shmuel Alef 19:7; גַּם־ת׳ גַּם־שׁ׳ Shemos 4:10, Shmuel Beis 3:17; Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:2, compare Shmuel Beis 5:2; מִתּ׳ שׁ׳ from aforetime, previously Shemos 21:29, Shemos 21:36, Devarim 4:42; Devarim 19:4, Devarim 19:6; Yehoshua 4:18, Yehoshua 3:4; Yehoshua 20:5 (both R), compare Shmuel Alef 10:11; כִּת׳ שׁ׳ Shmuel Alef 21:6 as formerly (but Budde מִתּ׳ שׁ׳ = for some days).—שׁ׳ Mishlei 22:20 Kesiv is difficult; Keri שָׁלִשִׁים (see iii. שָׁלִישׁ) is imposs.; supply perhaps תְּמוֹל have I not written to thee heretofore, etc.?

↗ original

שָׁלִ(י)שׁ

n.[m.] third (part, that is of ephah? doubtful), name of a measure;—for dust Yeshaya 40:12, tears Tehillim 80:6 (in figuratively), adverb direct object measure-wise.

↗ original

שָׁלִישׁ

n.[m.] plural שָֽׁלִשִׁים, a (three-stringed? three-barred? three-cornered?) mus. instr., perhaps a sistrum (so Vulgate), or ‘triangle’ (Revised Version margin: compare Prince^{EB iii. 3228}), Shmuel Alef 18:6 (+ בְּתֻפִּים).

↗ original

שָׁלִישׁ²

noun (masc.) adjutant or officer (best explained as third man (in chariot), see especially Haupt^{BAS iv. 586 f.} Bender^{journal ZAW xxiii (1903), 19} WMM^{As. u. Eur. 329}; see also Kau^{M N., DPV, 1904, 10}; doubted by Dillmann Shemos 14:7 Baen^ib. Buhl¹⁴);—absolute שׁ׳ of king’s personal attendant at court Melachim Beis 7:2, Melachim Beis 7:17, Melachim Beis 7:19, with suffix, military officer of king, שָֽׁלִשֹׁה Melachim Beis 9:25, שָֽׁלִישׁוֹ Melachim Beis 15:25 (on abnormal—ָ see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 93 xx Konig^{ii. 1. 133, 449, 495}); plural שָֽׁלִישִׁים Yechezkel 23:15 + (sometimes שָֽׁלִשִׁם, etc.) v Yechezkel 23:23 Shemos 14:7; Melachim Beis 10:25^(×2), + (Keri) Shmuel Beis 23:8 (> Kesiv שׁלשׁי) = Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:11; Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:19 (v Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:18 van d. H.; Kesiv in both, שׁלושׁים), read in all three הַשְּׁלשָׁה (רֹאשׁ) chief of the three SeptuagintL Wellhausen Driver Budde Nowack.—שָֽׁלִשִׁים Mishlei 22:20 Keri see שִׁלְשֹׁם.

↗ original

שִׁלֵּשׁ²

adjective pertaining to the third;—only m.plural as noun שִׁלֵּשִׁים those of third generation (grandsons); בְּנֵי שׁ׳ Breishis 50:23 sons of those of third generation, that is great-grandsons (see Konig^{SK 1898, 533ff.}); עַל־בָּנִים עַל־שׁ׳ וְעַל־רִבֵּעִים Shemos 20:5 (E; see [רִבֵּעַ]) = Devarim 5:9; Bamidbar 14:18; compare Shemos 34:7 (both J).

↗ original

שָׁלִ֫שָׁה

proper name (place) doubtful;—אֶרֶץ־שׁ׳ Shmuel Alef 9:4, B SeptuagintL Σελχα, A Σαλισσα;? compare בַּעַל שָׁלִשָׁה Melachim Beis 4:42.

↗ original

שַׁלְתִּיאֵל

n. pr. m. (= שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל Gesenius' Thesaurus Buhl);—father of Zerub. Chaggai 1:12, Chaggai 1:14; Chaggai 2:2; Σαλαθιηλ.

↗ original

שָׁם

adverb there, thither (Arabic ثَمَّ there, compare ثُمَّ then; Biblical Aramaic תַּמָּה, Egyptian Aramaic תמה S-C^{Pap. A 4, J 6}, Targum תַּמָּן (with demonstrative n, compare אֱדַיִן beside אֲזַי), Syriac ܬܰܡܳܢ; Zenj^{Had. 8} (Cooke¹⁵⁹) שם);—

there Breishis 2:8, Breishis 2:12; Breishis 11:2, Breishis 11:7, Breishis 11:31 + often; placed early in sentence for emph., Micha 4:10 שָׁם תִּנָּצֵ֑לִי, Nachum 3:15; Yechezkel 32:22, Yechezkel 32:24 Tehillim 104:26 +, וְשָׁם … Breishis 41:12; Shemos 15:27; Bamidbar 13:22, Bamidbar 13:33 +, שָׁם … וְשָׁם Shemos 15:25; Devarim 12:14; Yeshaya 27:10; Iyov 3:17 +, וְהִנֵּה שָׁם … Breishis 29:2, כִּי שָׁם … Breishis 11:9; Breishis 21:31; Breishis 35:7; Shmuel Beis 1:21; Shmuel Beis 15:21 +, אַךְ שָׁם … Yeshaya 34:14, Yeshaya 34:15, גַּם שָׁם … Yeshaya 23:12; Yeshaya 57:7 Tehillim 139:10; resuming a preceding ‘where,’ Iyov 39:30 בַּאֲשֶׁר חֲלָלִים שָׁם הוּא, Shoftim 5:27; Yirmiya 22:12; Koheles 11:3, compare Koheles 1:7. Repeated, שָׁם … שָׁם here … there Yeshaya 28:10, Yeshaya 28:13. In poetry, pointing to a spot in which a scene is localized vividly in the imagination, Tehillim 14:5 שׁם פחדו פחד there feared they a fear! Tehillim 36:13, compare Tehillim 48:7; Tehillim 66:6; Tehillim 132:17; Hoshea 6:7; Tzefania 1:14.—Chavakuk 3:4 read probably (Wellhausen Nowack) שָׂם the flashes at his side made he the hiding of his power; Koheles 3:17 שָׁם = with God, in the Divine plan or scheme: but read perhaps שָׂם Hitzig De and elsewhere

preceded by the rel., אֲשֶׁר שָׁם where, Breishis 2:11; Shemos 20:18; Shmuel Alef 9:10 +, usually with one or more words between, Breishis 13:3, Breishis 13:14; Breishis 19:27; Shemos 29:42; Shmuel Beis 11:16; Melachim Beis 23:27 + often; after בַּאֲשֶׁר, בַּאֲשֶׁר הוּא שָׁם †Breishis 21:17. With אשׁר omitted (the rel. being indic. by construct, Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 130 c, d) Yechezkel 39:11 מְקוֹם שָׁם קֶבֶר בְּיִשְׂר׳ a place where a grave (may be) in Isr., but Septuagint Vulgate Co Or and elsewhere read שֵׁם a place of renown.

thither, after vbs. of motion (= שָׁ֫מָּה, see 3) Devarim 1:37 לֹא תָבֹא שָׁם, Shoftim 19:15; Shoftim 21:10; Shmuel Alef 2:14; Shmuel Alef 9:6 al, אֲשֶׁר … שָׁם whither, Melachim Alef 18:10; Melachim Alef 21:18; Melachim Beis 1:4, Melachim Beis 1:6, Melachim Beis 1:16; Yeshaya 20:6, more often in Je Ez, as Yirmiya 8:3; Yirmiya 22:27; Yirmiya 23:3, Yirmiya 23:8; Yirmiya 45:5 +, Yechezkel 4:13; Yechezkel 12:16; Yechezkel 36:20, Yechezkel 36:22 +; so שֶׁשָּׁם Tehillim 122:4.

with ה location, שָׁ֫מָּה (shā́mmāh):

after vbs. of motion, thither, Breishis 19:20 לָנוּס שָׁ֫מָּה to flee thither, v Breishis 19:22; Breishis 20:13; Breishis 24:6; Breishis 29:3; Devarim 1:38 + often; = into it, therein (of a basket, pit, etc.), Shemos 16:33 וְתֶן־שָׁ֫מָּה מְלֹא הָעֹמֶר, Shemos 21:33 וְנָפַל שָׁמָּה, Shemos 30:18; Shoftim 8:25; Melachim Beis 12:10; pregnantly, after a verb implying motion, as to bury, Breishis 23:13 וְאֶקְבְּרָה אֶת־מֵתִי שָׁ֫מָּה, Breishis 25:10; Breishis 49:31; Breishis 50:5 (all P), נוֹעַד to meet Shemos 29:42, Shemos 29:43; Shemos 30:6, Shemos 30:36; Bamidbar 17:19 (all P), Yehoshua 2:16; Yehoshua 7:3; Yirmiya 13:7; Yoel 4:7 (compare b), Shir HaShirim 8:5 (?c).

אֲשֶׁר … שָׁ֫מָּה whither Breishis 20:13; Bamidbar 33:54; Devarim 4:5, Devarim 4:14 + often; where Melachim Beis 23:8; Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:11.

more rarely, i. q. שָׁם there, Breishis 43:30 וַיִּבְךְ שָׁ֫מָּה, Yehoshua 2:1; Shoftim 16:27; Melachim Beis 4:11; Melachim Beis 9:16 Hoshea 2:17; Yeshaya 22:18; Yeshaya 34:15; Yeshaya 65:9; Yirmiya 18:2; Yirmiya 27:22; Yechezkel 23:3; Yechezkel 32:29, Yechezkel 32:30 (v Yechezkel 32:22, Yechezkel 32:24, Yechezkel 32:26 שָׁם), Yechezkel 48:35 י׳ שָׁ֫מָּה, Tehillim 76:4; Tehillim 122:5; Koheles 3:16.

מִשָּׁם from there, thence:

often after verbs of departing, taking, etc., Breishis 2:10; Breishis 11:8, Breishis 11:9; Breishis 12:8; Breishis 18:16; Breishis 24:7; Breishis 42:2, etc., Bamidbar 13:23; Bamidbar 21:12; Bamidbar 22:41 וַיַּרְא מִשָּׁם, Devarim 4:29 וּבִקַּשְׁתֶּם מִשָּׁם, Devarim 30:4; Yirmiya 37:12; Hoshea 2:17; Amos 9:2, Amos 9:3, Amos 9:4; Iyov 39:29 +. Peculiarly, Breishis 49:24 מִשָּׁם רֹעֶה אֶבֶן יִשְׂר׳ Gesenius De Revised Version margin from there [from heaven], (from) the Shepherd (י׳), the Stone (Rock) of Israel, Ewald Dillmann Stade from there (where is) the Shepherd of (רֹעֵה) the (Bethel-)stone of Israel; but both forced: text dubious; Gunk by the name (מִשֵּׁם; so Peshitta) of the Shepherd, etc. (as Ewald Dillmann).

אֲשֶׁר … מִשָּׁם whence Breishis 24:5; Bamidbar 23:13 +.

expressing origin, Breishis 3:23 the ground אֲשֶׁר לֻקַּח מִשָּׁם, Breishis 10:14 whence (= from whom) came forth the Phil., Shoftim 19:18 מִשָּׁם אָנֹכִי, Shmuel Alef 10:12 אִישׁ מִשָּׁם, Yeshaya 65:20.

of the mass, from which something is taken or made, Breishis 27:9; Breishis 30:32 (of צֹאן), Vayikra 2:2 וְקָמַץ מִשָּׁם וגו׳ (from the meal, etc., of a מנחה), Melachim Alef 17:13 אַךְ עֲשָׂי לִי מִשָּׁם עֻגָה קְטַנָּה that is from the meal and oil, Melachim Beis 7:2, Melachim Beis 7:19 וּמִשָּׁם לֹא תֹאכִֽל׃, Yechezkel 5:3.

↗ original

שֵׁם

noun (masc.) Shmuel Beis 7:9 name (√ unknown; Gesenius' Thesaurus שׁמה, compare Barth^{ZMG xii (1887), 635}; Lagarde^{BN 160} ושּׁם, Arabic وَسَمَ brand, mark, compare Robertson Smith^{K 213, 303 ff.} Köii^{. 1. 104}; Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew (especially הַשֵּׁם = יהוה), Phoenician שם Lidzbarski ³⁷⁷; Assyrian šumu; Sabean סם Hom^{Chr 124}; Ethiopic ስmም Arabic إِسْمٌ, أُسْمٌ, سِمٌ, سُمٌ, Aramaic שֵׁם, שְׁמָא, also שׁוּם, שֻׁם (Konig^{ii. 1. 512}), ܫܶܡ, ܫܡܳܐ, Old Aramaic, Palmyrene שם Lidzbarski ³⁷⁷);—absolute שׁ׳ Breishis 6:4 +; construct שׁ׳ Breishis 12:8 +, rarely שֶׁם־ Shmuel Alef 8:2 +; with suffix שְׁמִי Shemos 3:15 +, שִׁמְךָ Breishis 32:9 +, שְׁמֶ֑ךָ Melachim Alef 18:31 +, etc.; plural שֵׁמוֹת (rarely שֵׁמֹת) Breishis 2:20 +; construct שְׁמוֹת Shemos 6:16 +, with suffix שְׁמוֹתָם Bamidbar 13:4 +, שְׁמוֹתָן Yechezkel 23:4^(×2);—name:

of river Breishis 2:11, Breishis 2:13, Breishis 2:14, beasts v Breishis 2:19, Breishis 2:20, city Breishis 26:33 (all J) +; שׁ׳ היּוֹם †Yechezkel 24:2, that is exact designation of it (+ אֶת־עֶצֶם הַיּ׳ הַזֶּה).

usually of person: Breishis 4:17, Breishis 4:19^(×2) +; as signif. Shmuel Alef 25:25, compare Mishlei 21:24; especially in phr. וַיְהִי אִישׁ … וּשְׁמוֹ אֶלְקָנָה Shmuel Alef 1:1, compare Shmuel Alef 9:1, Shmuel Alef 9:2, Yirmiya 37:13 + 28 times; less often as גָּלְיָת שְׁמוֹ Shmuel Alef 17:4, compare Zecharia 6:12 + 5 times (compare in Assyrian Krae^{BAS i. 430}); freq. c. קָרָא (q.see 5 e, 6; Niph. 2, Pu.; note here, נִקְרָא שׁ׳ עַל in token of ownership Shmuel Beis 12:28 (see Driver), Yeshaya 4:1); rarely, שִׂים אֶת־שְׁמוֹ אֲבִימֶלֶךְ Shoftim 8:31, compare Melachim Beis 17:34; Nechemia 9:7; וַיָּ֫שֶׂם לָהֶם שׁ׳ Daniel 1:7; c. יֵאָמֵר Breishis 32:29; change of name is without verb, as Breishis 17:15, or (usually) c. יִהְיֶה Breishis 35:10 Isr. shall be thy name, compare Breishis 17:5; Melachim Alef 18:31; Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:9, also וַיַּסֵּב אֶת־שְׁמוֹ יְהו׳ Melachim Beis 23:34 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:4, compare Melachim Beis 24:17, and (subj. י׳) שׁ׳ עוֹלָם אֶתֶּן־לוֹ Yeshaya 56:5; מַה־שְּׁמֶ֑ךָ Breishis 32:28, compare Shemos 3:13; Mishlei 30:4, מִי שְׁמֶ֑ךָ Shoftim 13:17; be explicitly mentioned is: וְכֻלָּם בְּשֵׁמוֹת Ezra 10:16, נִקְּבוּ בְשׁ׳ Bamidbar 1:17; Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:41; Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:15; Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:19; Ezra 8:20, הַבָּאִים בְּשׁ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:38, וַיָּבֹאוּ הַכְּתוּבִים בְּשׁ׳ v Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:41; of things, וּבְשֵׁמוֹת תִּפְקְדוּ Bamidbar 4:32, + v Bamidbar 4:27 (read בְּשֵׁמֹת Septuagint Dillmann Baen Gray); יְדַעְתִּיךָ בְּשֵׁם Shemos 33:12 (subj. י׳), that is acknowledge thee, personally (as mine), compare v Shemos 33:17 (both J); בְּשׁ׳ פ׳ as the representative of Shmuel Alef 25:5, Shmuel Alef 25:9 Melachim Alef 21:8 Yirmiya 29:25 Esther 2:22; Esther 3:12; Esther 8:8^(×2), Esther 8:10 (compare also 3).

= reputation; (1) וַאֲגַדְּלָה שְׁמֶ֑ךָ Breishis 12:2, וְעָשִׂתִי לְךָ שׁ׳ גָּדוֹל כְּשֵׁם הַגְּדֹלִים אֲשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ Shmuel Beis 7:9; †make oneself a name וְנַעֲשֶׂה לָנוּ שׁ׳ Breishis 11:4, וַיַּעַשׂ לוֹ שׁ׳ Shmuel Beis 8:13, of י׳ Yirmiya 32:20, hence Nechemia 9:10 Daniel 9:15, Yeshaya 63:12, Yeshaya 63:14, so c. שׂוּם Shmuel Beis 7:23 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 17:21; וַיֵּצֵא לָךְ שֵׁם בְּ׳ Yechezkel 16:14 (compare Divrei HaYamim Alef 14:17), Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:15 עַד־לְמֵרָחוֹק, v Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:8 וַיֵּלֶךְ שְׁמוֹ עַד־לְ׳; Shmuel Beis 23:18, Shmuel Beis 23:22; = fame, glory, Tzefania 3:19, Tzefania 3:20 Yechezkel 39:13.—Yechezkel 34:29 read perhaps שָׁלֹם Septuagint Siegf Be Toy; Co שָׁלֵם; Krae conjunction שָׁמֵן; אַנְשֵׁי הַשֵּׁם Breishis 6:4, Bamidbar 16:2, אַנְשֵׁי שַׁמוֹת Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:24; Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:31 (van d. H. v Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:30); c. neg. בְּנֵי בְלִי־שֵׁם Iyov 30:8; (2) bad sense, וְהוֹצִא עָלֶיהָ שֵׁם רָ֑ע Devarim 22:14, compare v Devarim 22:19 Nechemia 6:13; = byword Yechezkel 23:10; טְמֵאַת הַשּׁ׳ Yechezkel 22:5.

especially as giving a man a kind of posthumous life, especially in his sons, אֵין־לִי בֵן בַּעֲבוּר הַזְכִּיר שְׁמִי Shmuel Beis 18:18, לְהָקִים לְאָחִיו שֵׁם בְּ׳ Devarim 25:7, compare v Devarim 25:6 Rus 4:5, Rus 4:10, without whom it is blotted out, etc., Devarim 25:6, compare Bamidbar 27:4, Rus 4:10, so that to destroy one’s name = extirpate family (and שֵׁם sometimes is ‖ זֶרַע) Shmuel Alef 24:22 (Gi v Shmuel Alef 24:21), Shmuel Beis 14:7 (‖ שְׁאֵרִית), so of peoples Devarim 7:24; Devarim 9:14; Devarim 12:3 Yeshaya 14:22 +; לֹא יָזָּרַע מִשִּׁמְךָ עוֹד Nachum 1:14 (of Nineveh); כֵּן יעֲמֹד זַרְעֲכֶם וְשִׁמְכֶם Yeshaya 66:22; more abstr. (‖ זֵכֶר) Iyov 18:17 Mishlei 10:7.

name, as designation of God, specif. of י׳ (especially Je Ez Yeshaya 2, Yeshaya 3 ψψ):—first (in Hexateuch) in phr. ק׳ בְּשׁ׳ י׳ Breishis 4:26, call with, that is use the name י׳ in worship, so Breishis 12:8; Breishis 13:4; Breishis 21:33; Breishis 26:35 + (see קרא 2 c); hence, of place of worship, בְּכָל־הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר אַזְכִּיר אֶת־שְׁמִי שָׁם Shemos 20:21 (Gi v Shemos 20:18); אֶת־שְׁמוֹ שָׁם [לְשַׁכֵּן] לָשׂוּם Devarim 12:5, Devarim 12:11 +; בָּנָה בַּיִת לִשְׁמִי Shmuel Beis 7:13 + often; people come לְשׁ׳ י׳ Yehoshua 9:9 (R^D), so לְמַעַן שׁ׳ Melachim Alef 8:41 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:32, Yeshaya 60:9; seek it Tehillim 83:17; swear with בְּשׁ׳ י׳ Shmuel Alef 20:42 Devarim 6:13; Devarim 10:20 Vayikra 19:12, compare (לַשָּׁוְא) Shemos 20:7^(×2) = Devarim 5:11^(×2); תָּפַשׂ שׁ׳ י׳ Mishlei 30:9; נִקְרָא שְׁמִי עַל־, etc., in token of ownership (compare 2 a), Yirmiya 7:10 + (see p. 896 a); = his reputation, fame, c. עָשָׂה לוֹ, see 1 b (1), compare Yehoshua 7:9; בְּשׁ׳ י׳, that is as his representative Shemos 5:23, Shmuel Alef 17:45 Devarim 10:8 Shmuel Beis 6:18 Melachim Beis 2:24 + (see 2 a ad fin.); especially as embodying the (revealed) character of י׳: י׳ שְׁמוֹ Amos 5:8; Amos 9:6 Yirmiya 33:2, זֶה שְּׁמִי לְעֹלָם Shemos 3:15 (E; ‖ זֵכֶר; fundamental passage), Shemos 6:3; צְבָאוֹת שְׁמוֹ (א׳) י׳ Amos 4:13; Amos 5:27 Yirmiya 10:16; Yirmiya 46:18 + 10 times Je Yeshaya 2, י׳ קַנָּא שְׁמוּ Shemos 34:14 (J; compare Shemos 20:5 Nachum 1:2), קָדוֹשׁ שׁ׳ Yeshaya 57:15, שׁ׳ קָדְשִׁי[וֹ] Amos 2:7 Yechezkel 39:7; Yechezkel 43:7 Tehillim 103:1 + often; hence object of knowledge Yeshaya 52:6 Yirmiya 48:17, יֹדְעֵי שְׁמֶ֑ךָ Tehillim 9:11 (‖ דֹּרְשֶׁיךָ), love Yeshaya 56:6, אֹהֲבֵי שׁ׳ Tehillim 5:12; Tehillim 69:37; Tehillim 119:132, fear Tehillim 61:6, especially of praise, etc. (הִלֵּל, הִזְכִּיר, הוֹדָה, בֵּרַךְ, etc.): לְשִׁמְךָ אֲזַמֵּר Shmuel Beis 22:50 (‖ אוֹדְךָ, and so very often ‖ י׳) = Tehillim 18:50, compare Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:10; Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:13 Tehillim 45:18 Yeshaya 26:13 Melachim Alef 8:33, Melachim Alef 8:35 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:24, Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:26 Tehillim 8:2, Tehillim 8:10 +; הָבוּ לי׳ כְּבוֹד שְׁמוֹ Tehillim 29:2; Tehillim 96:8, and many combinations; opposite חִלֵּל אֶת־שׁ׳ א׳ Vayikra 18:21 +, נקב שׁ׳ י׳ Vayikra 24:16, נִאֵץ שׁ׳ Tehillim 74:10, Tehillim 74:18, etc.; הַשּׁ׳ הַנִּכְבָּד וְהַנּוֹרָא Devarim 28:58, compare Nechemia 1:11, לְמַעַן שִׁמְךָ, in appeals to י׳ to act according to his character Yirmiya 14:7, Yirmiya 14:21 Yechezkel 20:9, Yechezkel 20:14 Yeshaya 48:9; Yeshaya 66:5 Tehillim 25:11; Tehillim 31:4 +; שׁ׳ י׳ is powerful agent, בְּשִׁמְךָ הוֹשִׁיעֵנִי Tehillim 54:3 (‖ בִּגְבוּרָתְךָ), compare Tehillim 124:8; of מַלְאַךְ י׳, י׳ says שְׁמִי בְּקִרְבּוֹ Shemos 23:21; הַשֵּׁם Vayikra 24:11 is probably scribal substitution for word י׳ (already beginning to be thought ineffable, especially c. וַיִּקֹּב compare Gei^{Urschr. 273 f.} Dillmann Driver-Wh Baen); on development of this usage, and Jewish use of הַשּׁ׳ as personif. or hypostasis, see Levy^{NHWB s. see} Jastr ^{s. see}.—קָרוֹב שְׁמֶ֑ךָ Tehillim 75:2 is striking, but doubtful, < Septuagint Dy Che Gr Hup-Now קֹרְאֵי שׁ׳, Duhm קָרָנוּ בִשׁ׳ (= קָרָאנוּ).

of false gods, use forbidden Shemos 23:13, Yehoshua 23:7 (R^D), compare Hoshea 2:19 Tehillim 16:4; speak בְּשֵׁם אלהים אחרים Devarim 18:20; קָרָא בְשׁ׳ א׳ Melachim Alef 18:24, Melachim Alef 18:25, Melachim Alef 18:26; יֵלְכוּ בְשׁ׳ א׳ Micha 4:5.

= memorial, monument Yeshaya 55:13 (‖ אוֹת; so Cheyne Duhm > = fame Dillmann-Kittel), יָד וָשֵׁם טוֹב מִבָּנִים וגו׳ Yeshaya 56:5 (with word-play on שׁ׳ 2 c).

↗ original

שֵׁם²

proper name (masc.) first son of Noah;—Breishis 5:32; Breishis 6:10; Breishis 7:13; Breishis 10:1, Breishis 10:22, Breishis 10:31; Breishis 11:10^(×2), Breishis 11:11 (all P), Breishis 9:18, Breishis 9:23, Breishis 9:26, Breishis 9:27; Breishis 10:21 (all J), Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:4, Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:17, Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:24; Σημ.

↗ original

שְׁמוּאֵל

proper name (masc.) Samuel (= name of Ēl Gesenius' Thesaurus and elsewhere (or, his name is Ēl Hom^{Hebrew Trad. 98 f.} Winckler^{Schrader's Keilinschriften3 225} Nowack Shmuel Alef 1:20), compare פְּנוּאֵל, רְעוּאֵל; see Driver Shmuel Alef 1:20; Prät^{ZMG 1903, 777 ff.} caritative from יִשְׁמָעֵאל; Palmyrene שמואל Lidzbarski ³⁷⁷; see further Giesebrecht^{AT1 Schätzung d. Gottesn. (1901), 102 ff.});—

great prophet, 11th cent. b.c., Σαμουηλ: Shmuel Alef 1:20 (name expl. as if from שָׁאַל), Shmuel Alef 1:18, Shmuel Alef 1:21, Shmuel Alef 1:26 + 125 times 1 S, Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:13, Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:18; Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:22; Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:3; Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:28; Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:29; Divrei HaYamim Beis 35:18; Yirmiya 15:1 Tehillim 99:6.

in Simeon, Bamidbar 34:20, Σαλαμιηλ.

in Issachar Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:2, (Ι)σαμουηλ.

↗ original

שְׁמִידָ֑ע

proper name (masc.) in Manasseh (the name knoweth? compare Sabean ידעסמהו D.H. Müller^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 16});—Bamidbar 26:22 (Συμαερ), Yehoshua 17:2 Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:19, Συμαρειμ, etc.; SeptuagintL Σαμ(ε)ιδα(ε).

↗ original

שִׁמְאָה

proper name (masc.) in Benjamin Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:32 Σεμαα, Σαμαα, etc., = following.

↗ original

שִׁמְאָם

proper name (masc.) = foregoing, Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:38, Σαμα(α).

↗ original

שַׁמָּא

see שַׁמָּה, √ שׁמם.

↗ original

שַׁמְגַּר

proper name (masc.) a ‘judge,’ son of Anath, Shoftim 3:31; Shoftim 5:6, Σαμα[ε]γαρ (on this name (Hittite?) compare G.F. Moore Shoftim 3:31; Noldeke^{ZMG xiii (1888), 479} conjunction שׁמגד.)

↗ original

שַׁמָּה

see שׁמם.

↗ original

שַׁמְהוּת

proper name (masc.) captain of Israel Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:8, Σαλαωθ, A SeptuagintL Σαμαωθ; probably = ii. שַׁמָּה 3 b, q.see

↗ original

שְׁמוּאֵל²

see under שֵׁם.

↗ original

שַׁמּוֹת

see ii. שַׁמָּה, √ שׁמם.

↗ original

שַׁמַּי

see √ שׁמם.

↗ original

שְׁמִידָע

-דָעִי see שֵׁם.

↗ original

שַׁמְלַי

Ezra 2:46, see שַׂלְמַי.

↗ original

שְׁמִטָּה

noun (fem.) a letting drop of exactions, a (temporary) remitting: תַּעֲשֶׂה שׁ׳ Devarim 15:1 (at end of seven years), v Devarim 15:2 כִּי קָרָא שׁ׳ לי׳; whence seventh year is שְׁנַת הַשּׁ׳ v Devarim 15:9; Devarim 31:10.

↗ original

שָׁמֵם

verb be desolated, appalled (connex. of meanings not clear) (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; J.Aram שְׁמַם Ithp. be dazed);—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular שָׁמֵ֑מָה Yechezkel 35:15, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשֹּׁם Melachim Alef 9:8 +, 3rd masculine plural יָשֹׁ֫מּוּ Iyov 17:8 Tehillim 40:16, etc.; imperative (ציווי) mpl. שֹׁ֫מּוּ Yirmiya 2:12; infinitive (מקור) construct (?) metapl. שַׁמּוֹת Yechezkel 36:3 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67r, but see infra);—תֵּשַׁם, etc. (see [יָשַׁם]) are placed here by most; Yechezkel 6:6 reads תִּישָׁ֑מְנָה, see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67 p dd;—participle (בינוני) שׁוֹמֵם Eicha 3:11 (see also Pōʿ.); f. שֹׁמֵמָ֔ה (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 84 a s) Shmuel Beis 13:20 +; plural שׁוֹמֵמִין Eicha 1:4, etc.;—

be desolated, of Tamar Shmuel Beis 13:20 (that is deflowered, or deserted; others appalled), of person elsewhere late Eicha 1:16; נְתָנַנִי שֹׁמֵמָה v Eicha 1:13, שָׂמַנִ֫י שׁ׳ Eicha 3:11; pt. as noun (fem.) בְּנֵי שׁוֹמֵמָה Yeshaya 54:1 (opposite בְּעוּלָה) [Daniel 8:13 + see Pōʿ.]; usually of land, etc. (sometimes = deserted), Yeshaya 49:8; Yechezkel 33:28 (מֵאֵין עוֹבֵר), Yechezkel 35:12 (read שָֽׁמְמוּ Keri Co Toy Krae; > Kesiv שׁממה), v Yechezkel 33:15; הֶחֳרָבוֹת הַשֹּׁמְמוֹת Yechezkel 36:4 (‖ הֶעָרִים הַנֶּעֱזָבוֹת); שַׁמּוֹת v Yechezkel 33:3 is probably corrupt, Co שְׁאָט as v Yechezkel 33:5, Hitzig-Smend from שׁמה = נשׁם, Toy נָשֹׁם, Krae נְשֹׁם, Eicha 1:4; Eicha 5:18; pt. fpl. as n. = desolate places Yeshaya 49:19; Yeshaya 61:4 (both ‖ חֳרָבוֹת), v Yeshaya 61:4 (compare שְׁמָמָה Yeshaya 62:4); = desolations Daniel 9:18, Daniel 9:26.

be appalled, awestruck, usually at (עַל) judgments on others, Vayikra 26:32, Yirmiya 2:12 (see II. [חָרֵב]), Yechezkel 26:16; Yechezkel 27:35; Yechezkel 28:19; Yeshaya 52:14; Iyov 17:8, compare Melachim Alef 9:8 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 7:21, Yirmiya 18:16; Yirmiya 19:8; Yirmiya 49:17; Yirmiya 50:13; on oneself Tehillim 40:16 (עַל־עֵקֶב).—Yeshaya 42:14 see [נשׁם].

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular נָשַׁ֫מָּה Yirmiya 12:11 +, 3rd plural נָשַׁ֫מּוּ Tzefania 3:6 +; participle (בינוני) f. נְשַׁמָּה Yechezkel 36:34 +, etc.;—= Qal:

be desolated, of roads Vayikra 26:22, Yeshaya 33:8, bamoth Amos 7:9 (‖ יֶחֱרָ֑בוּ), altars Yechezkel 6:4; compare Yechezkel 25:3; Yechezkel 32:15 Tzefania 3:6; Zecharia 7:14; Yoel 1:17 Tehillim 69:26; lands Yirmiya 12:11; Yechezkel 29:12; Yechezkel 30:7; Yechezkel 36:34, Yechezkel 36:35, cities Yeshaya 54:3 (opposite יוֹשִׁיבוּ), compare Yechezkel 36:35; Amos 9:14; Yirmiya 33:10; הַנְּשַׁמָּה Yechezkel 36:36 the desolated (sc. land, in figuratively).

be appalled Yirmiya 4:9; Eicha 4:5; Yechezkel 4:17; Yechezkel 30:7, c. עַל rei Iyov 18:20.

participle (בינוני)

וָאֵֽשְׁבָה מְשׁוֹמֵם Ezra 9:3 I sat appalled, compare v Ezra 9:4.

transit. appalling, causing horror (Driver ^{Dn 150 f.}): (הַ)שִּׁקּוּץ מְשֹׁמֵם Daniel 11:31, + perhaps Daniel 9:27 (see שִׁקּוּץ); so also שִׁקּ׳ שֹׁמֵם Daniel 12:11 (on שׁ׳ see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 52s), הַפֶּשַׁע שֹׁמֵם Daniel 8:13 the crime causing horror, and שׁ׳ as n. Horror-causer, appaller, Daniel 9:27.

past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular הֲשִׁמּ֫וֹתָ Iyov 16:7, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַשִּׁים (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67y) Yirmiya 49:20; Yirmiya 50:45, 3rd masculine plural with suffix וַיְשִׁמֵּם Shmuel Alef 5:6, 1st plural נַשִּׁים Bamidbar 21:30, etc.; imperative (ציווי) mpl. הָשַׁמּוּ (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67v) Iyov 21:5; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַשְׁמֵם Micha 6:13; participle (בינוני) מַשְׁמִים Yechezkel 3:15;—

devastate, ravage, direct object person Shmuel Alef 5:6; Yechezkel 20:26; Hoshea 2:14 (figuratively of vine), Iyov 16:7; direct object location Vayikra 26:31, Vayikra 26:32, Yirmiya 10:25; Yechezkel 30:12, Yechezkel 30:14 Tehillim 79:7, so (direct object om.) Bamidbar 21:30 (poem in ), Micha 6:13;—Yechezkel 14:8 see שִׂים Hiph.

appall, direct object person, c. עַל at, Yirmiya 49:20; Yirmiya 50:45; Yechezkel 32:10.

inwardly trans., וָאֵשֵׁב מַשׁ׳ Yechezkel 3:15 shewing horror, Iyov 21:5 (Budde Niph. הִשַּׁמּוּ).

infinitive (מקור) absolute כָּל־יְמֵי הָשַּׁמָּה (sc. הָאָרֶץ) Vayikra 26:34 all the days of (its) being desolate, so v Vayikra 26:35 Divrei HaYamim Beis 36:21; Aramaizing, בָּהְשַׁמָּה (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67y) Vayikra 26:43.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁתּוֹמֵם Tehillim 143:4, etc.;—

be appalled, astounded, כִּי that, because, Yeshaya 59:16; Yeshaya 63:5; עַל rei Daniel 8:27; בְּתוֹכִי יִשְׁתּ׳ לְבִּי Tehillim 143:4 (compare 1st plural נשתומם Ecclus Ben Sira 43:24).

cause oneself desolation, ruin, Koheles 7:16 (תִּשּׁוֹמֵם, var. תִּשְׁתּוֹמֵם).

↗ original

שָׁמֵם²

adjective devastated;—שׁ׳ of sanctuary Daniel 9:17; f. שְׁמֵמָה of land Yirmiya 12:11.

↗ original

שְׁמָמָה

noun (fem.) a devastation, waste;—absolute שׁ׳ Shemos 23:29 +; plural construct שִׁמְמוֹת Yirmiya 51:26 +;—waste, usually of land, city, houses, etc., Shemos 23:29, Yeshaya 1:7 (probably del., with words following Stu^{JPTh. 1877, 714} FB^{JBL (1890), 84}), Vayikra 26:33, Yirmiya 4:27 + 14 times Je (‖ מֵאֵין אָדָם וגו׳ Yirmiya 32:43, מֵאֵין ישֵׁב Yirmiya 34:22), Yechezkel 6:14 + 18 times Ez (Yechezkel 35:7 read שְׁמָמָה וּמְשַׁמָּה for Masoretic Text שִֽׁמְמָה וּשְׁמָמָה, so Hitzig Co Toy Krae and elsewhere) +; of prince, יִלְבַּשׁ שׁ׳ Yechezkel 7:27; of idols Micha 1:7; כּוֹס שַׁמָּה וּשׁ׳ Yechezkel 23:33.—Yechezkel 35:12 see שׁמם Qal.

↗ original

שִֽׁמְמָה

Yechezkel 35:7 see foregoing.

↗ original

שַׁמָּא²

proper name (masc.) in Asher, Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:37, Σεμ(μ)α, etc.

↗ original

שַׁמָּה²

noun (fem.) waste, appalment (24 times Je);—absolute שׁ׳ Yirmiya 5:30 +; plural absolute שַׁמּוֹת Tehillim 46:9;—

a waste, of land, etc., Tehillim 46:9 Hoshea 5:9; Yeshaya 5:9; Yeshaya 13:9; Yeshaya 24:12; Zecharia 7:14; Yirmiya 2:15; Yirmiya 4:7; Yirmiya 18:16; Yirmiya 19:8; Yirmiya 46:19; Yirmiya 48:9; Yirmiya 50:3; Yirmiya 51:29, Yirmiya 51:43, vine Yoel 1:7; person Tehillim 73:19; כּוֹס שׁ׳ וּשְׁמָמָה Yechezkel 23:33.

appalment, horror, that is occasion of it; of people, land, etc., Devarim 28:37; Melachim Beis 22:19; Micha 6:16; Tzefania 2:15; Yirmiya 5:30; Yirmiya 25:9, Yirmiya 25:11, Yirmiya 25:18, Yirmiya 25:38; Yirmiya 29:18; Yirmiya 42:18; Yirmiya 44:12, Yirmiya 44:22; Yirmiya 49:13, Yirmiya 49:17; Yirmiya 50:23; Yirmiya 51:37, Yirmiya 51:41; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:8; Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:7; שׁ׳ הֶחֱזִקָ֑תְנִי Yirmiya 8:21.

↗ original

שַׁמָּה³

proper name (masc.)

in Edom Breishis 36:13, Breishis 36:17; Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:37, usually Σομε.

third son of Jesse Shmuel Alef 16:9; Shmuel Alef 17:13, Σαμ(μ)α, SeptuagintL Σαμαα; see שִׁמְעָא, שִׁמְעָה, שִׁמִעִי.

Σαμαια(ς), etc., heroes of David:

Shmuel Beis 23:11 (om. accid. ‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:13 Driver), v Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:33.

v Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:25 = שַׁמּוֹת Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:27, Σαμαωθ, Σαμ(μ)ωθ; probably also שַׁמְהוּת Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:8.

↗ original

שַׁמּוֹת²

proper name (masc.) see foregoing.

↗ original

שַׁמַּי²

proper name (masc.) in Judah:

Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:28^(×2), Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:32, Σαμ(μ)αι, etc.

Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:44, Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:45, Σαμαι.

Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:17, Σεμεν, Σεμμαι, Σαμι.

↗ original

שָׁמֵן

verb grow fat (Mishnaic Hebrew Hiph. the same, also שֶׁמֶן; Arabic سَمِنَ be fat; Aramaic ܫܡܶܢ, especially der. spec. and deriv.; שְׁמֵין adjective fat: Assyrian šamnu, fat; Phoenician (Pun.) שמן oil, so Palmyrene שמנא Lidzbarski³⁷⁸; on relation of meanings Frä¹⁴⁷);—

past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular שָׁמַ֫נְתָּ Devarim 32:15 and future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיִּשְׁמַן v Devarim 32:15 both of Israel (propserous and arrogant) under figuratively of fat beast; so past (עבר) 3rd plural שָֽׁמְנוּ Yirmiya 5:28 (of wicked).

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural וַיַּשְׁמִינוּ Nechemia 9:25 were sated and shewed fatness (inner causat.); imperative (ציווי) ms. הַשְׁמֵן Yeshaya 6:10 make fat (dull, unreceptive), לֵב הָעָם הַזֶּה.

↗ original

שָׁמֵן²

adjective fat, robust;—שׁ׳ m. Shoftim 3:29 +, f. שְׁמֵנָה Breishis 49:20 +;—

fat, rich, of food, Breishis 49:20 (poem in J), Yeshaya 30:23 (+ דָּשֵׁן), Chavakuk 1:16 (‖ בְּרִאָה); of land, fertile Bamidbar 13:20, Nechemia 9:25, Nechemia 9:35, pasturage Yechezkel 34:14 Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:40. (Shmuel Alef 15:9 see מִשְׁנֶה 3).

stout, robust, of men Shoftim 3:29 (‖ אִישׁ חַיִל; see G.F. Moore); f. coll. (figuratively of flock) Yechezkel 34:16 (+ הַחֲזָקָה).

↗ original

שָׁמָן

n.[m.] fat, fertile, place;—plural construct מִשְׁמַנֵּי הָאָרֶץ (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) §§ 20 a, 93 ee) Breishis 27:28 (poem in J; מִן partit.), v Breishis 27:39 (poem in E; מִן priv. according to Gesenius' Thesaurus Ewald Dillmann Gunk and elsewhere; < partit. here as v b, Vulgate [Septuagint ἀπὸ in both], AV RV Nö^{Ency. Bib. 1184}, compare Driver).

↗ original

שֶׁ֫מֶן

noun (masc.) Melachim Beis 20:13 (on appar. f. Shir HaShirim 1:3 compare Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 99, 106}) fat, oil;—שׁ׳ absolute Breishis 28:18 +, construct Vayikra 8:2 +; שָׁ֑׳ Melachim Beis 4:6 +; with suffix שַׁמְנִי Hoshea 2:7 +, etc.; plural שְׁמָנִים Amos 6:6 +; with suffix שְׁמָנֶיךָ Shir HaShirim 1:3, -נַיִךְ Shir HaShirim 4:10;—

fat, fatness: קֶרֶן בֶּן־שׁ׳ Yeshaya 5:1 (of fertile slope); plural גֵּיא־שְׁמָנִים Yeshaya 28:1, Yeshaya 28:4; of food (in figuratively) Yeshaya 25:6^(×2); literally בְּשָׂרִי כַּחַשׁ מִשָּׁ֑מֶן Tehillim 109:24 (compare צוֹם v a), compare מִפְּנֵי שׁ׳ Yeshaya 10:27 (in figuratively, si vera l., meaning obscure; most now emend by conjecture; Robertson Smith^{JPh xiii (1885), 62} עָלָה מִצָּפוֹן שֹׁדֵד [see also II. חבל], joining to v Yeshaya 10:28; Duhm Marti has gone up from P^ene-Rimmon [??], compare Dillmann-Kittel).

oil, specif. olive-oil, as rich product Devarim 8:8 + (see זַיִת); hence עֵץ שׁ׳ Yeshaya 41:19 oil-tree, usually explained as wild olive, oleaster, so Nechemia 8:15 (‖ זַיִת), עֲצֵי שׁ׳ oleaster-wood Melachim Alef 6:23, Melachim Alef 6:31, Melachim Alef 6:32, Melachim Alef 6:33; once שׁ׳ הַמֹּר Esther 2:2 (see מֹר p. 600b; מ׳ also in holy anointing oil Shemos 30:23).

שׁ׳ as staple (condiment) Bamidbar 11:8 (J; see לשׁד), of value Melachim Alef 17:12, Melachim Alef 17:14, Melachim Alef 17:16; Melachim Beis 2:4, Melachim Beis 2:6, Melachim Beis 2:7 + 4 times; symb. of plenty Devarim 32:13; Devarim 33:24; Iyov 29:6; ascribed (falsely) to gift of Baals Hoshea 2:7; as royal treasure Melachim Beis 20:13 = Yeshaya 39:2, compare Melachim Alef 5:25 (שׁ׳ כָּתִית, see כ׳) = Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:9, Divrei HaYamim Beis 2:14 + 3 times; tribute Hoshea 12:2, art. of trade Yechezkel 27:17; odoriferous Mishlei 27:9; Shir HaShirim 1:3; Shir HaShirim 4:10, שׁ׳ רוֹקֵחַ Koheles 10:1, so (figuratively) Shir HaShirim 1:3; Koheles 7:1; Mishlei 27:16 is corrupt, see Toy; sign of luxury Yechezkel 16:13; Mishlei 21:17, of prosperity Yechezkel 16:20.

שׁ׳ as medicament Yeshaya 1:6; as unguent, for shield Shmuel Beis 1:21, person Amos 6:6; Micha 6:15; Devarim 28:40; Yechezkel 16:9; Esther 2:12 Tehillim 92:11; Tehillim 104:15, not for mourner Shmuel Beis 14:2; on head, token of happiness Koheles 9:8, of hospitality, דִּשַּׁנְתָּ בַּשּׁ׳ רֹאשִׁי Tehillim 23:5 (figuratively), in simile Tehillim 133:2; Tehillim 141:5.

for anointing king, פַּךְ הַשּׁ׳ Shmuel Alef 10:1; Melachim Beis 9:1, Melachim Beis 9:3, compare v Tehillim 45:6, c. קֶרֶן Shmuel Alef 16:1, Shmuel Alef 16:13; Melachim Alef 1:39; compare בְּשׁ׳ קָדְשִׁי מְשַׁחְתִּיו Tehillim 89:21.

in various figs., of joy שׁ׳ שָׂשׂוֹן Yeshaya 61:3 Tehillim 45:8; soft words Tehillim 55:22 Mishlei 5:3; as penetrating Tehillim 109:18; as clear, transparent Yechezkel 32:14.

used in primitive worship, poured on stone Breishis 28:18, Breishis 35:14.

in later ritual: for anointing priests, tabern., altar utensils, etc., made of various ingred., שׁ׳ זַיִת among them, Shemos 30:24, שׁ׳ הָמִּשְׁחָה Shemos 25:6 Vayikra 8:2, Vayikra 8:10, Vayikra 8:12 + 11 times; שׁ׳ מִשְׁחַת־קֹדֶשׁ Shemos 30:25^(×2) + 2 times; שׁ׳ מ׳ י׳ Vayikra 10:7, שׁ׳ מ׳ אֱלֹהָיו Vayikra 21:12; שׁ׳ הַקּ׳ Bamidbar 35:25; שׁ׳ alone Vayikra 14:10 + 12 times Vayikra 14; for lighting Shemos 25:6 + 6 times + שׁ׳ זַיִת זָךְ כָּתִית Shemos 27:20; Vayikra 24:2 (see כָּתִית); poured upon מִנְחָה Vayikra 2:1 + 5 times, compare Vayikra 5:11 Bamidbar 5:15; smeared (see מָשַׁח) upon wafers Shemos 29:2; Vayikra 2:4 +, and cakes (or mixed in the making? compare בָּלַל) Shemos 29:2; Vayikra 2:4, Vayikra 2:5 +, so סֹלֶת בַּשׁ׳ Vayikra 2:7, etc. (c. 45 times in all), חַלַּת לֶחֶם שׁ׳ Shemos 29:23; Vayikra 8:26.

for use in temple Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:29.

for תְּרוּמָה in Ezekiel’s temple Yechezkel 45:14^(×2) + 7 times Yechezkel 45, Yechezkel 46.

efficacy denied Micha 6:7. †k. offered to idols Yeshaya 57:9; Yechezkel 16:18, Yechezkel 16:19; Yechezkel 23:41.—Vid. Macalister^{HastDB Oil} ARS Kennedy^{Ency. Bib. Oil}.

↗ original

שְׁמֹנֶה

(less often שְׁמוֹנֶה), שְׁמֹנָה₁₀₉ noun (masc.) et f. eight (on—ֶ compare Barth^{NB 20, 200} and (against him) Philippi^{BAS ii. 364}; Arabic ثَمَانٍ, ثَمَانِيَةٌ, Sabean תֿמני(ת) Hom^{Chr 47, 122} D.H. Müller^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 369 f., 375}; Aramaic תְּמָנֵי, תְּמַנְיָא, ܬܡܳܢܶܐ, ܬܡܳܢܝܳܐ; Nabataean תמונא, Palmyrene תמניא, Lidzbarski ³⁸⁶; Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Phoenician שמן; Ethiopic ሰመንቱ, ሰማኒቱ on Assyrian equiv. see Delitzsch's Assyrian Grammar § 75);—m. (c. noun (fem.)) always absolute שְׁמֹנֶה Shoftim 3:8; + 40 times; f. (c. noun (masc.)) absolute שְׁמֹנָה Shmuel Alef 17:12 + 34 times, construct שְׁמֹנַת Bamidbar 2:24 + 3 times (cases of 8 + 10 = 18 are additional, see below); plural שְׁמֹנִים, 80, see below:—

without other num.:

שְׁמֹנֶה card., before n.plural Shoftim 3:8 Melachim Alef 7:10 + 8 times; before n.singular שָׁנָה Melachim Alef 8:17 (Kesiv; Keri plural), Melachim Alef 22:1; after n.plural Yechezkel 40:31; ordin. בִּשְׁנַת שׁ׳ לְ Melachim Beis 24:12, בִּשׁ׳ שָׁנִים לְ Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:3.

שְׁמֹנָה card., before n.plural Shmuel Alef 17:12 + 3 times, + (n. om.) Yirmiya 14:15 + 2 times, also שׁ׳ אֵלֶּה Breishis 22:23 these 8, and, as round no., Micha 5:4 7 and 8 (that is plenty); after n.plural Bamidbar 29:29; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:17; ordin., בְּיוֹם שׁ׳ לְ v Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:17.

f. construct שְׁמֹנַת יָמִים Breishis 17:12; Breishis 21:4, שׁ׳ הַבָּקָר Bamidbar 7:8.

8 + 10 = 18:

c. noun (fem.) שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה, card.: bef. singular שָׁנָה Shoftim 3:14 + 2 times, אַמָּה Melachim Alef 7:15 + 2 times; after n.plural Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:9; Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:21; n. om. Ezra 8:18; Nechemia 7:11; ordin., בִּשְׁנַת שׁ׳ ע׳ לְ Melachim Alef 15:1 + 4 times; בִּשׁ׳ ע׳ שָׁנָה לְ Melachim Beis 22:3 + 2 times; הַשָּׁנָה שׁ׳ ע׳ שָׁנָה לְ Yirmiya 32:1.

c. noun (masc.) שְׁמֹנָה עָשָׂר card.: bef. singular אֶלֶף Shoftim 20:44 + 4 times + Tehillim 60:2 (title), so read for שְׁנֵים ע׳, compare Shmuel Beis 8:13 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 18:12; before plural Ezra 8:9; n. om. Breishis 14:14; ordin., n. om. Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:15; Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:15; שְׁמֹנַת עָשָׂר אֶלֶף Shoftim 20:25.

c. other numerals:

שְׁמֹנֶה מֵאוֹת Shmuel Beis 23:8 (so read also ‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:11 Kittel Benzinger, compare Th Wellhausen Driver and elsewhere), + 16 times.

שְׁמֹנָה אֶלֶף Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:36 (v Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:35 van d. H.), Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:3; שְׁמֹנַת אֲלָפִים Bamidbar 2:24 + 3 times.

שׁ׳, card., after tens Shmuel Alef 4:15 + 20 times; before ten, only שׁ׳ וְעֶשְׂרִים בָּאַמָּה Shemos 26:2; Shemos 36:9; ordin., בִּשְׁנַת שְׁלשִׁים וּשׁ׳ שָׁנָה לְ Melachim Alef 16:29; Melachim Beis 15:8.

↗ original

שְׁמֹנִים

n.pluralindecl. an eighty;—without other num.: followed by singular שָׁנָה Tehillim 90:10 + 4 times, אִישׁ Melachim Beis 10:24; Yirmiya 41:5; followed by n.plural Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:17; Ezra 8:8; Shir HaShirim 6:8; n. om. Melachim Beis 6:25; Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:9; c. other num., card.: שׁ׳ אֶלֶף Bamidbar 2:9 + 6 times; שׁ׳ following units Breishis 5:25 + 4 times; precedes, Breishis 16:16 + 4 times; following 100, etc. Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:7 + 6 times; precedes, Breishis 5:26 + 2 times; ordin., בִּשׁ׳ שָׁנָה וְאַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה לְ Melachim Alef 6:1.

↗ original

שָׁמַע

verb hear (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Phoenician שמע Lidzbarski³⁷⁸; Assyrian šemǔ; Arabic سَمِعَ; Sabean סמע, mostly in deriv., especially epith. div. סמע he who hears Hom^{Chr 124} Fell^{ZMG iiv (1900), 250, 252} D.H. Müller^{Hofmus. Noldeke. 10, l. 1}; Ethiopic ሰምዐ Aramaic שְׁמַע, ܫܡܰܥ, Old Aramaic שמע Lidzbarski ³⁷⁸; compare also משמעת Mesha Inscription ²⁸ obedience);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Breishis 24:52 +, שָׁמֵ֑עַ Yirmiya 36:13 + 3 times; 2nd feminine singular שָׁמַעַתְּ Melachim Alef 1:11 + 2 times; 3rd plural שָׁמֵ֑עוּ Shoftim 2:17 + 12 times; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁמַע Shemos 6:30 +, 1st singular cohort. אֶשִׁמְעָה Bamidbar 9:8, וָאֶשְׁמֳעָה (on—ֳ compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 10 h; Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 65 c. qu. reading) Daniel 8:13; 2nd masculine plural תִּשְׁמְע֔וּן Devarim 8:20 +, תִּשְׁמָע֔וּן Devarim 1:17, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שְׁמַע Amos 7:16 +, שִׁמְעָה Iyov 32:10 + (especially ψψ), שְׁמָ֮עָה֮ Daniel 9:19; fpl. שְׁמַ֫עְנָה Yeshaya 32:9; Yirmiya 9:19, שְׁמַ֫עַן Breishis 4:23 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 46 f), etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׁמוֹעַ Yeshaya 6:9 +; construct שְׁמֹעַ Shmuel Alef 15:22 +; with suffix שָׁמְעוֹ Devarim 29:18 +, שָׁמְעָתוֹ Yeshaya 30:19 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 45 d), etc.; participle (בינוני) שֹׁמֵעַ Breishis 42:23 +; f. שֹׁמַ֫עַת Breishis 18:10 +, etc.;—

subj. person hum. (vel rei personif.):

hear (perceive by ear), direct object rei, especially קוֹל Breishis 3:10 + 46 times, דבר(ים) Amos 8:11 + 50 times, etc.; direct object חָכְמָה that is wise sayings Melachim Alef 5:14 + 4 times; any utterance or sound (c. 150 times) + (object om.) Devarim 4:33 + 32 times + (cl. temp.) Shmuel Alef 14:27 + 6 times; c. ב Shmuel Alef 14:6, שׁ׳ בְּסוֹד י׳ Iyov 15:8; Iyov 26:14; Iyov 37:2; c. object cl., כִּי Shemos 4:31 + 52 times + Yeshaya 39:1 (read כִּי שׁ׳ Septuagint Peshitta ‖ Melachim Beis 20:12), אֶת־אֲשֶׁר Yehoshua 2:10; Yehoshua 5:1 (both R^D),—ֹֹמַה־ Shoftim 7:11 + 3 times; without connect. שׁ׳ אֹתָהּ עָשִׂיתִי †Melachim Beis 19:25 = Yeshaya 37:26; followed by orat. rect. †Yeshaya 40:28; Zecharia 8:23.

direct object person + מְדַבֵּר hear one speaking Breishis 27:6, Yirmiya 26:7; Daniel 8:13, so בֹּכֶה Bamidbar 11:10, נִבָּא Yirmiya 20:1, מְקַלְלֶ֑ךָ Koheles 7:21; occas. person om., דֹּבְרִים Breishis 37:17, אֶת־מִדַּבֵּר Yechezkel 2:2; Yechezkel 43:6 (see דבר Hithp.); direct object person only Daniel 12:7.

c. לֵאמֹר only, hear say = hear it said, Shmuel Alef 13:4; Shmuel Beis 19:3; Devarim 13:13; Yehoshua 22:11, Melachim Alef 16:16; + עַל person concerning Breishis 41:15, Yeshaya 37:9; אֶל person the same Melachim Beis 19:9.

hear of, concerning: (1) direct object rei, אֵת (כָּל־)אֲשֶׁר Shemos 18:1; Melachim Beis 19:11 + 5 times, דבר(ים) Shmuel Alef 3:11 + 4 times, רָעָה Yirmiya 19:3 + 5 times, etc.; כַּאֲשֶׁר Shmuel Alef 23:11 Tehillim 48:9, כָּזֹאת Yeshaya 66:8 hear of anything like this, כָּאֵלֶּה Yirmiya 18:13; direct object, etc., om. Shoftim 9:46 + 43 times; (2) less often direct object person Iyov 42:5, אֶל person Yechezkel 19:4, person om. Devarim 9:2; c. ב person hear exultantly of their fate †Tehillim 92:12 (probably imitated from ‖ הִבִּיט בְּ v a; see especially ראה 8 a (6)).

hear, absolute, = have power to hear, Shmuel Beis 19:36 (c. בְּקוֹל), Yeshaya 21:3; Yeshaya 32:3; Mishlei 20:12; Zecharia 7:11; in simile Tehillim 38:15; c. neg. of idols Devarim 4:28 Tehillim 115:6; figuratively (spiritual power) Yirmiya 5:21; Devarim 29:3; Yechezkel 12:2; Yeshaya 42:20.—Mishlei 21:28 is probably corrupt, see Toy.

hear with attention, interest, listen to (sometimes ‖ הֶאֱזִין, הִקְשִׁיב), direct object דבר(ים) (54 times) Amos 4:1 +, especially דבר(י) י׳ Bamidbar 12:6 + 45 times; אִמְרָה Yeshaya 28:23, קוֹל v Yeshaya 28:23, זֹאת Micha 3:9, etc.; often absolute Shoftim 5:3 + 57 times, + (neg.) Tehillim 38:14 pay no attention; absolute לֵב שֹׁמֵעַ Melachim Alef 3:9, אִישׁ שֹׁמֵעַ Mishlei 21:28.

understand (language), שָׂפָה Breishis 11:7, Yeshaya 33:19, לָשׁוֹן Devarim 28:49, דְּבָרִים Yechezkel 3:6, מַה־יְּדַבֵּר Yirmiya 5:15, no direct object Breishis 42:23, Melachim Beis 18:26 = Yeshaya 36:11.

specif. of hearing a (judicial) case, דָּבָר Devarim 1:17, compare v Devarim 1:17; direct object om. בֵּין person v Devarim 1:16, of י׳ Shoftim 11:10; c. מִשְׁפָּט Melachim Alef 3:11; לִשׁ׳ הַטּוֹב וְהָרֵע Shmuel Beis 14:17, וְשֹׁמֵע אֵין לְךָ Shmuel Beis 15:3, compare Iyov 31:35.

with a direct object person in polite address, hear us (me)! Breishis 23:6, Breishis 23:8, Breishis 23:11, Breishis 23:13, Breishis 23:15 (all P), Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:2; Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:4; Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:2; Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:20.

listen, give heed (sometimes ‖ הִקְשִׁיב), absolute, Breishis 42:21 + 18 times, + (usually ‖ הִטָּה אֹזֶן), Yirmiya 7:13 + 14 times Je, + (opposite חָדַל) Yechezkel 2:5 + 3 times Ez; + שִׂים עַל־לֵב Malachi 2:2; hear + do Devarim 5:21; Melachim Beis 18:12, etc.; = consent, agree, Breishis 37:27, grant request Shoftim 11:17; c. ל person (mostly late) Shoftim 19:25; Shmuel Alef 30:24; Iyov 15:17 + 16 times, לי׳ Hoshea 9:17; Vayikra 26:14, Vayikra 26:18, Vayikra 26:21, Vayikra 26:27; לְדִבְרֵי י׳ Shmuel Alef 15:1, לְעֵצָה Mishlei 12:15. k. c. אֶל person + listen to, yield to Breishis 49:2; Shoftim 2:17 + 69 times (אֶל־י׳ 15 times, especially Yirmiya 7:26 + 10 times Je), עַל person Melachim Beis 20:13; אֶל־דִּבְרֵי etc., Devarim 18:19; Yirmiya 29:19 + 14 times, עַל־דִּבְרֵי etc., Melachim Beis 22:13 + 3 times; very rarely direct object rei Shmuel Alef 24:10 (Gi v Shmuel Alef 24:9). l. שׁ׳ לְקוֹל = the same, obey, Breishis 3:17 + 11 times + (לְקוֹל י׳) Shoftim 2:20; Shemos 15:26. m. very often, שׁ׳ בְּקוֹל = obey Shmuel Alef 8:7 + 25 times, + שׁ׳ בְּקוֹל י׳ (י׳’s word, etc.) Devarim 4:30; Yirmiya 3:13 + 65 times (Dt 18 times, Je 18 times). n. obey, with a direct object דבר(ים) Yehoshua 1:18 + 2 times + (ד׳ י׳) Yirmiya 11:3 + 5 times Je, Melachim Alef 12:24 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:4, etc.; direct object person Shemos 6:12, Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:11. o. absolute be obedient (especially to י׳) Yeshaya 1:19; Micha 5:14; Yirmiya 12:17 + 4 times Je + 7 times.

י׳ (God) subj.:

direct object קוֹל, דברים, etc., Breishis 21:17, Melachim Beis 19:4^(×2), Melachim Beis 19:16, usually with favour implied Bamidbar 20:16; Devarim 33:7 +, so especially direct object תְּפִלָּה, תְּחִנָּה, etc., Melachim Alef 8:45 Tehillim 6:10 +.

object cl. כִּי Breishis 29:33.

no object (32 times) Yeshaya 59:2; Yirmiya 22:21, usually hear and forgive, help, etc., Melachim Alef 8:30, Melachim Alef 8:32; Yeshaya 30:19 +; hear and be angry Tehillim 78:59, compare Tehillim 55:20.

= be able to hear Yeshaya 59:1 Tehillim 94:9.

שׁ׳ בְּקוֹל = hear (and grant) Breishis 30:6 + 6 times.

hear and answer, c. אֶל of cry, etc., Breishis 21:17; Breishis 16:11 Melachim Alef 8:28 + 8 times; c. אֶל person Devarim 3:26 + 12 times.

c. לְ of utterance Yirmiya 18:19 Tehillim 61:6; ל person Yehoshua 24:10.

hear, direct object person + מִתְנוֹדֵד Yirmiya 31:18; favourably, with a direct object person Micha 7:7 + 3 times, so, + ל concerning, Breishis 17:20; object om. Melachim Beis 22:19 Tehillim 22:25 + 3 times + Tehillim 34:7, Tehillim 34:18 (hear and deliver); c. cl. temp. Yirmiya 11:14.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִשְׁמַע Breishis 45:16 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשָּׁמַע Shemos 23:13 +, יִשָּׁמֵ֑עַ Shmuel Alef 1:13, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct הִשָּׁמַע Esther 2:8; participle (בינוני) f. נִשְׁמַ֫עַת Yirmiya 51:46, etc.;—

be heard, of voice, sound, etc., Shmuel Alef 1:13; Melachim Alef 6:7; Iyov 26:14 (or 1st plural Qal future (עתיד)?); of a report, נִשׁ׳ … לֵאמֹר Breishis 45:16; subj. cl., כִּי, Nechemia 6:1 (ל person), compare cl. וְהַיְהוּדִים חשְׁבִים Nechemia 6:6; v Nechemia 6:7 be reported, (לַמֶּלֶךְ) כַּדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה; be heard, לִפְנֵי אֱלֹהֶיךָ Daniel 10:12.

be heard of, כָּמֹהוּ Devarim 4:32.

be regarded, obeyed, Koheles 9:17; in Shmuel Beis 22:45 = Tehillim 18:45 it is be obedient (לִי), si vera l. (read perhaps Qal, compare Nowack).

וַיִּשּׁ׳ בְּקוֹלָם Divrei HaYamim Beis 30:27 = (favourable) hearing was granted to their voice.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיְשַׁמַּע Shmuel Alef 15:4 he caused the people (direct object) to hear (and respond, that is he assembled them), so Shmuel Alef 23:8 (see Hiph. 1 d).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִשְׁמִיעַ Melachim Alef 15:22 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix יַשְׁמִעֵנִי Devarim 30:12, Devarim 30:13; 2nd masculine singular juss. תַּשְׁמַע Shoftim 18:25, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. with suffix הַשְׁמִיעֵנִי Tehillim 143:8; fs. with suffix הַשְׁמִיעִנִי Shir HaShirim 2:14; Shir HaShirim 8:13, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct לַשְׁמִעַ Tehillim 26:7 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 53q); participle (בינוני) מַשְׁמִיעַ Yirmiya 4:15 +, etc.;—

of man:

cause to hear, direct object person + rei Devarim 30:12, Devarim 30:13; Shir HaShirim 2:14; Shir HaShirim 8:13 + 4 times; object rei om. (= make proclamation to) Melachim Alef 15:22; object person om. Yirmiya 5:20 +; direct object שָׁלוֹם †Yeshaya 52:7; Nachum 2:1 that is proclaim peace; אָוֶן †Yirmiya 4:15 (מִן location); הַשׁ׳ קוֹל utter a sound Yehoshua 6:10 (J; ‖ הֵרִיעַ), compare Shoftim 18:25 (קוֹלְךָ, + עִמָּנוּ), Yeshaya 42:2; Yeshaya 58:4; הִשׁ׳ קוֹל תְּהִלָּתוֹ †Tehillim 66:8, בְּקוֹל תּוֹדָה †Tehillim 26:7.

absolute as musical term, sound aloud, בִּמְצִלְתַּיִם לְהַשְׁמִיעַ Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:19 (perhaps to mark the time, Gratz Tehillim 67 De: compare Tehillim 16:5; also Tehillim 150:5 בְּצִלְצְלֵי שָׁ֑מַע), מַשְׁמִיעִים Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:16, Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:28; Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:42, לְהַשׁ׳ קוֹל אֶחָד Divrei HaYamim Beis 5:13 that is probably in unison (Prince^{EB iii. 3241}), Nechemia 12:42.

absolute make proclamation (often ‖ הִגִּיד), Amos 3:9; Amos 4:5; Yeshaya 41:26; Yirmiya 4:5 + 6 times Je.

הַשְׁמִיעוּ, direct object person + אֶל location = summon Yirmiya 50:29, עַל location Yirmiya 51:27 (compare Pi.).

י׳ subj.:

cause to hear, direct object person et rei Devarim 4:10, Devarim 4:36 (מִן location), Melachim Beis 7:6 + 4 times; direct object person om. Yeshaya 30:30 + 3 times; direct object rei om. Yeshaya 44:8; Yeshaya 48:5.

= tell, direct object person + כָּזֹאת Shoftim 13:23; direct object person only, Yeshaya 42:9; direct object rei only, Yeshaya 48:3; Yechezkel 36:15 (אֵלַיִךְ).

absolute, make proclamation Yeshaya 43:12; Yeshaya 62:11 (אֶל location).

↗ original

שֶׁ֫מַע

n.[m.] sound;—הַלְלוּהוּ בְּצִלְצְלֵי שָׁ֑מַע Tehillim 150:5 (‖ תְּרוּעָה).

↗ original

שֶׁ֫מַע²

proper name (masc.) usually Σαμα(α), Σεμαα (compare Sabean proper name סמע Hal⁵⁰⁹);—

in Judah Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:44, שָׁ֑מַע v Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:43.

in Reuben Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:8.

in Benj. Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:13 (= שִׁמְעִי v Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:21).

post-ex. Nechemia 8:4, Σαμαιας.

↗ original

שֵׁ֫מַע

n.[m.] hearing, report (on form compare Lagarde^{BN 143});—שׁ׳ absolute Yeshaya 23:5; construct v Yeshaya 23:5 +; with suffix שִׁמְעִי Yeshaya 66:19, etc.;—report, usually c. genit. object: direct object with שָׁמַע Breishis 29:13 the tidings about Jacob, Yeshaya 23:5 + (c. with suffix) Bamidbar 14:15, Devarim 2:25; Melachim Alef 10:1 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:1; Nachum 3:19; Chavakuk 3:2; Yirmiya 37:5; Yirmiya 50:43; Yeshaya 66:19, c. ל genit. Yeshaya 23:5; לַעֲדָתָם Hoshea 7:12 usually according to the report (heard by) their congregation (!), but inexpl. and probably corrupt, Wellhausen Nowack; Marti (compare Oettli) עַל־רָעָתָם (כְּשֵׁמַע as gloss) according to their wickedness; נָשָׂא שׁ׳ שָׁוְא Shemos 23:1 take up (utter) a false report; לְשׁ׳ אֹזֶן Tehillim 18:45 that is as soon as heard of, = mere report Iyov 42:5 (opposite personal knowledge), compare שִׁמְעָהּ Iyov 28:22.

↗ original

שְׁמַע

proper name (place) in S. Judah, Yehoshua 15:26, Σα(λ)μα(α).

↗ original

שָׁמָע

proper name (masc.) a hero of David Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:44, Σαμαθα, Σαμμα (compare OSem. שמע on scarab ClGann^{JAs 1883 Fev.-Mars, 135, Noldeke. 9}; also on seal from Megiddo (1904), compare Kau^{Mitth. u. Nachr. DPV, 1904, 2 ff.}).

↗ original

שִׁמְעָא

proper name (masc.)

brother of David Shmuel Beis 21:21 Keri (compare Driver; Kesiv שמעי) Σεμεει, SeptuagintL Σαμαα, = Divrei HaYamim Alef 20:7, third son of Jesse Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:13; = שִׁמְעָה Shmuel Beis 13:3, Shmuel Beis 13:32, Σαμα(α), etc., שַׁמָּה (q.see) Shmuel Alef 16:9; Shmuel Alef 17:13.

son of David Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:5 (= שַׁמּוּעַ 1), Σαμαν, Σαμαα.

Levites, Σομεα, Σαμα(α):

Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:15.

v Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:24.

↗ original

שִׁמְעָה

proper name (masc.) see שִׁמְעָא 1.

↗ original

שִׁמְעָת

proper namef. ^{Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:26} mother of one of Joash’s murderers, Melachim Beis 12:22 (Ιεμουαθ), called Ammonitess Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:26 (Σαμα(αθ)).

↗ original

שִׁמְעָתִים

adjectivegent.plural as noun, family of scribes Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:55, Σαμαθ(ι)ειμ[ν].

↗ original

שְׁמוּעָה

noun (fem.) report;—absolute שׁ׳ Shmuel Alef 4:19 +, שְׁמֻעָה Shmuel Alef 2:24 +; construct שְׁמֻעַת Shmuel Beis 4:4; with suffix שְׁמֻעָתֵ֫נוּ Yeshaya 53:1; plural absolute שְׁמֻעוֹת Daniel 11:44;—

report, sometimes after שָׁמַע Shmuel Alef 2:24; Shmuel Alef 4:19 (= news), Melachim Alef 10:7 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:6, Melachim Beis 19:7 = Yeshaya 37:7, Yirmiya 51:46; שׁ׳ רָעָה Yirmiya 49:23, compare Tehillim 112:7, and שׁ׳ טוֹבָה Mishlei 15:30; Mishlei 25:25; tidings about Saul Shmuel Beis 4:4; c. בָּאָה Shmuel Beis 13:30 (+ לֵאמֹר), Melachim Alef 2:28 Yechezkel 21:12 Yirmiya 10:22, compare Yirmiya 51:46 + (בָּאָה om.) v Yirmiya 51:46; תָּבוֹא שׁ׳ אֶל־שׁ׳ Yechezkel 7:26; שׁ׳ יְבַהֲלֻהוּ Daniel 11:44; שְׁמוּעָתֵנוּ Yeshaya 53:1 the report that reached us, compare also Yeshaya 28:9, Yeshaya 28:19 Yirmiya 49:14 Ovadia 1:1 (De Duhm and elsewhere specif. of prophetic message, but see Giesebrecht ^{Beiträge 155 f.} Wellhausen Nowack Ovadia 1:1).

= mention, לֹא הֽיְתָה סְדֹם לִשׁ׳ בְּפִיךְ Yechezkel 16:56.

↗ original

שַׁמּוּעַ

proper name (masc.)

son of David Shmuel Beis 5:14 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 14:4, Σαμμους[ε], Σαμαα (= שִׁמְעָא 2).

Reubenite, Bamidbar 13:4, Σαμουηλ, Σαλαμιηλ, etc.

Levite, Nechemia 11:17 (= שְׁמַעְיָה Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:16), Σαμουει, etc.; Divrei HaYamim Alef 12:18 (? same person), SeptuagintL Σαμουε.

↗ original

שִׁמְעוֹן

proper name (masc.) (compare proper name שמעון in Palmyrene Lidzbarski ³⁷⁸; meaning doubtful; Robertson Smith and elsewhere cp. سِمْعٌ, said to mean offspring of hyena and wolf; see Hogg^{EB iv. 4531});—

second son of Jacob and Leah, Συμεων: Breishis 29:33 (name expl. from שָׁמַע), Breishis 35:23 Shemos 1:2 + 14 times (assoc. especially with Levi Breishis 34:25, Breishis 34:30; Breishis 49:5).

tribal name Shoftim 1:3^(×2), Shoftim 1:17 Bamidbar 1:6 +; so בְּנֵי שׁ׳ Bamidbar 1:22 + 7 times, מַטֵּה שׁ׳ Bamidbar 1:23; Bamidbar 2:12; Bamidbar 13:5; מַטֵּה בְנֵי שׁ׳ Bamidbar 10:19; Bamidbar 34:20 Yehoshua 19:1, Yehoshua 19:8; Yehoshua 21:9 Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:50.

post-ex.. Jew with foreign wife Ezra 10:31.

↗ original

שִׁמְעִי

I. שִׁמְעִי₄₃ proper name (masc.) usually Σεμεει:

in Benj.:

Shmuel Beis 16:5, Shmuel Beis 16:7, Shmuel Beis 16:13; Shmuel Beis 19:17, Shmuel Beis 19:19, Shmuel Beis 19:22, Shmuel Beis 19:24, Melachim Alef 2:8 + 10 times Melachim Alef 2.

Melachim Alef 1:8, perhaps = Melachim Alef 4:18.

a Ramathite Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:27.

Levites:

‘son’ of Gershon Shemos 6:17 Bamidbar 3:18 Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:2; Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:7, Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:9, Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:10^(×2).

Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:14.

v Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:27.

Divrei HaYamim Alef 25:17

Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:14.

Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:12, Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:13.

Ezra 10:23.

brother of Zerub. Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:19.

in Simeon Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:26, Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:27.

in Reuben Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:4.

Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:13 = (ii.) שֶׁמַע v Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:13.

post-ex. names:

Ezra 10:33.

v Ezra 10:38 (compare 3 g above).

grandfather of Mordecai Esther 2:5.

Shmuel Beis 21:21 Kesiv (Keri שִׁמְעָא q.see 1).

↗ original

שִׁמְעִי²

adjectivegent. of 3 a;—c. art. as n.coll. הַשּׁ׳ Bamidbar 3:21; compare Zecharia 12:13.

↗ original

שֵׁ֫מֶץ

n.[m.] whisper;—שׁ׳ absolute Iyov 4:12; construct שׁ׳ דָּבָר Iyov 26:14 a (mere) whisper of a word, something wholly inadequate.

↗ original

שָׁמַר

verb keep, watch, preserve (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Phoenician שמר in proper name and (Pun.) = watchman; TelAm. šimiru is perhaps overseer (Canaanism), Winckler^{Noldeke. 80, 1, 23}; Mand. סמירא preserved Noldeke^{M 46}; compare Arabic سَمَرَ converse by night, stay awake (see Lagarde^{BN 105}); Barth^{NB 175 f.; ES 43} infers from ܬܶܡܪܳܐ eyelid (compare [שְׁמֻרָה] below), and Arabicثَمَلَ support, aid, protect (l = r), that two √ √ are combined in Hebrew; but proof insuff.);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Breishis 37:11 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁמֹר Shmuel Alef 2:9 +, יִשְׁמָר־ Yirmiya 5:24 +, with suffix 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁמְרֶנּוּ Shemos 21:29, Shemos 21:36; 3rd feminine singular with suffix תִּשְׁמוּרֵ֑ם Mishlei 14:3 (read תִּשְׁמְרוּם, see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 47 g Toy), etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שְׁמֹר Iyov 2:6 +, שָׁמְרָה Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:18 +; mpl. שִׁמְרוּ Yehoshua 6:18 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׁמוֹר Devarim 5:12 +; construct שְׁמֹר Breishis 3:24 +, with suffix שָׁמְרָהּ Breishis 2:15, etc.; participle (בינוני) active שֹׁמֵר Shmuel Alef 1:12 +, etc.; passive שָׁמוּר Koheles 5:12 (Shmuel Alef 9:24 see below), etc.;—[Synon. I. נָצַר, נָטַר, q.see]:

keep, have charge of, garden Breishis 2:15, ark Shmuel Alef 7:1, property in trust Shemos 22:6, Shemos 22:9, compare Shmuel Alef 25:31; tend flock Breishis 30:31, compare Zecharia 3:7 Bamidbar 3:8; so perhaps (object om.) Hoshea 12:13 (where שׁ׳ chosen for parallelism Nowack Marti and elsewhere); participle (בינוני) הֲשֹׁמֵר אָחִי אָנֹ֑כִי Breishis 4:9, שׁ׳ of sheep Shmuel Alef 17:20, שׁ׳ הַכֵּלִים v Shmuel Alef 17:22, שׁ׳ הַבְּגָדִים Melachim Beis 22:14 Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:22, שׁ׳ הַנָּשִׁים Esther 2:3, Esther 2:8, Esther 2:15, compare v Esther 2:14, etc.

keep, guard, captives Yehoshua 10:18, Melachim Alef 20:39, דֶּרֶךְ Breishis 3:24; keep watch and ward, אֶל person over whom Shmuel Alef 26:15 (Tehillim 59:10 see 3 end), עַל person v Tehillim 59:16 Mishlei 6:22; בַּנַּעַר Shmuel Beis 18:12 have a care of (read לִי for מִי Septuagint), compare Melachim Beis 9:14; in hostile sense, אֶל הָעִיר (in siege) Shmuel Beis 11:16, עַל חַטָּאתִי Iyov 14:16 (but read תַּעֲבֹר c. Septuagint Ewald Dillmann Duhm and elsewhere [not Hitzig Budde]); absolute c. מֵעַל Koheles 5:7 watcheth above, etc. (see p. 759 a d); keep one’s mouth, be prudent of speech †Mishlei 21:23, compare Micha 7:5; keep = protect, save, one’s life, נֶפֶשׁ †Mishlei 13:3; Mishlei 16:17; Mishlei 19:16; Mishlei 22:5, another’s Iyov 2:6; in Pr, direct object person, subj. wisdom, Mishlei 4:6 she shall preserve thee, compare (+ מִן of evil) Mishlei 6:24; Mishlei 7:5; especially participle (בינוני) watch, watchman, of city Yeshaya 21:11^(×2), Yeshaya 21:12; Yeshaya 62:5 (figuratively), Shir HaShirim 3:3; Shir HaShirim 5:7^(×2) Tehillim 127:1; שׁ׳ הַסַּף (in temple) Yirmiya 35:4 + (see סַף), הַשּׁ׳ פֶּתַח בֵּית הַמֶּלֶךְ Melachim Alef 14:27 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 12:10, שׁ׳ הַשְּׁעָרִים Nechemia 13:22, שֹׁמְרֵי הַבַּיִת (figuratively) Koheles 12:3; שׁ׳ הַבַּיִת keep the house (of David’s concubines) †Shmuel Beis 15:16; Shmuel Beis 16:21; Shmuel Beis 20:3; שֹׁמֵר הַכֵּלִים Shmuel Alef 17:22, שׁ׳ הַבְּגָדִים Melachim Beis 22:14, שׁ׳ הַפַּרְדֵּס Nechemia 2:8, שׁ׳ הַנָּשִׁים Esther 2:3, Esther 2:14, Esther 2:15, שֹׁמְרִים absolute Shoftim 7:19 Yirmiya 51:12.

hence watch for, wait for, direct object person Shmuel Alef 19:11 (to kill him), compare Tehillim 59:1 (title; direct object הַבַּיִת); c. עֲקֵבַי Tehillim 56:7 = dog my steps, Tehillim 71:10 Yirmiya 20:10; = watch (suspiciously) Iyov 10:14; Iyov 13:27; Iyov 33:11; absolute הַשֹּׁמְרִים Shoftim 1:24; wait for, נֶשֶׁף Iyov 24:15, לַבֹּקֶר Tehillim 130:6^(×2).

watch, observe, direct object rei Shmuel Alef 1:12 Koheles 11:4 Iyov 39:1 Yirmiya 8:7 (of birds), with intelligence Yeshaya 42:20 Tehillim 107:43; direct object person Tehillim 37:37 (‖ ראה), Zecharia 11:11; direct object of sin Tehillim 31:7; Tehillim 130:3; direct object rei, for the purpose of avoiding, Tehillim 17:4.

keep, retain, of storing up (food) Breishis 41:35; absolute Koheles 3:6 (opposite הִשְׁלִיךְ); treasure up (in memory) Breishis 37:11, compare Malachi 2:7 Divrei HaYamim Alef 29:18 Mishlei 4:21 (בְּתוֹךְ לְבָבֶ֑ךָ), Mishlei 22:18 (בְּבִטְנֶ֑ךָ); retain wrath Amos 1:11 (read שָׁמַר לָנֶצַח Wellhausen Nowack G.A. Smith Marti; see also נָטַר 1) + (anger om.) Yirmiya 3:5 (‖ נטר).

keep within bounds, restrain, object שׁוֹר Shemos 21:29, Shemos 21:36; with a direct object hand, מִן of evil Yeshaya 56:2; figuratively keep thy foot, c. cl. temp. Koheles 4:17; אֶשׁ׳־לְפִי מַחְסוֹם ψ (Tehillim 39:2 Septuagint Duhm and elsewhere אָשִׂימָה); appar. reflex. (= Niph.), †Yehoshua 6:18 (+ מִן־הַחֵרֶם), poss. sc. נַפְשְׁכֶם Dillmann.

observe, celebrate, direct object of festival, etc., Shemos 23:15, Shemos 34:18, Shemos 12:17, of day v Shemos 12:17, of month Devarim 16:1.

keep sabbath †Devarim 5:12 Vayikra 19:3, Vayikra 19:30; Vayikra 26:2 (all H), Shemos 31:13, Shemos 31:14, Shemos 31:16, Yeshaya 56:4, also (+ מֵחַלְּלוֹ) v Yeshaya 56:2, Yeshaya 56:6.

of other obligations: keep covenant Yechezkel 17:14, especially covenant of י׳ Devarim 29:8; Melachim Alef 11:11 + 5 times, שְׁבֻעַת י׳ Melachim Alef 2:43, perform vow Devarim 23:24; keep commands Yirmiya 35:18; Yechezkel 20:18; especially מִצְוֹת, חֻקִּים, עֲבֹדָה, etc., of י׳ (sometimes ‖ נצר), Shemos 20:6 = Devarim 5:10; Amos 2:4; Melachim Alef 2:3 Tehillim 119:8, Tehillim 119:17, Tehillim 119:34 + very often (c. 120 times); שׁ׳ דֶּרֶךְ י׳ Breishis 18:19 + 4 times, דַּרְכֵי י׳ Shmuel Beis 22:22 = Tehillim 18:22, ד׳ י׳ om. Shoftim 2:22; שׁ׳ אָרְחוֹת צַדִּיקִים Mishlei 2:20 (‖ תֵּלֵךְ בְּדֶרֶךְ טוֹבִים), שׁ׳ דְּרָכַי (ways of wisdom) Mishlei 8:32 (Tehillim 17:4 see 1 d); keep, discharge an office, כְּהֻנָּה Bamidbar 3:10; Bamidbar 18:7 (both P), absolute Divrei HaYamim Beis 5:11; a function or duty, especially שׁ׳ מִשְׁמֶרֶת Vayikra 8:35; Bamidbar 1:53 + c. 32 times (see מ׳ below); direct object of obligation often om., especially D (and R^D) keep and do Devarim 4:6; Devarim 7:12 + 8 times; to do Devarim 5:1, Devarim 5:26 + 16 times D + 3 times, etc.

observe = follow dictates of (prudence, justice, kindness, wisdom) Hoshea 12:7 (חֶסֶד וּמִשְׁפָּט), Yeshaya 56:1; Mishlei 4:4; Mishlei 5:2; Mishlei 7:1, Mishlei 7:2; bad sense, observe vanities Tehillim 31:7.—Doubtful are: לִשְׁמֹר absolute Hoshea 4:10, very strange (conjunction in Wellhausen Nowack Marti); שָׁמוּר Shmuel Alef 9:24, H.P. Smith אֵחַרְנוּ, compare Nowack Budde^commentaries; Tehillim 59:10 read עֻוִּי אֵלֶיךָ אֲוַמֵּ֑רָה (as v Shmuel Alef 9:18, Peshitta Cheyne Baethgen).

sometimes י׳ subj.:

keep, preserve, protect, direct object person, + ב of way, etc., Breishis 28:15, Breishis 28:20, Shemos 23:20 (E; of מַלְאָךְ), Tehillim 91:11 (מ׳), Yehoshua 24:17; direct object person (or נפשׁ) only: Shmuel Alef 30:23; Yirmiya 31:9; Bamidbar 6:24, Iyov 29:2 Tehillim 16:1 + 10 times ψψ; + מִן Tehillim 121:7 + 2 times; direct object רַגְלַי Shmuel Alef 2:9, compare Mishlei 3:26 (מִן); participle (בינוני) שֹׁמְרֶ֑ךָ Tehillim 121:3, Tehillim 121:5, compare v Tehillim 121:4, etc.; direct object of city Tehillim 127:1.

with a direct object בְּרִית, ל person Devarim 7:12, + חֶסֶד v Devarim 7:7 + 5 times, הַשּׁ׳ אֱמֶת לְעוֹלָם Tehillim 146:6; הַשְּׁבֻעָה Devarim 7:8, etc.; passive of covenant (י׳ agent) עֲרוּכָה בַכֹּל וּשְׁמֻרָה Shmuel Beis 23:5 (legal terminology, Driver).

keep, reserve, weeks of harvest Yirmiya 5:24 (ל person).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִשְׁמַר Shmuel Beis 20:10, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תִּשָּׁמֵר Shoftim 13:13; 2nd masculine plural תִּשָּׁמִ֑רוּ Shemos 23:13; imperative (ציווי) ms. הִשָּׁמֵר Yeshaya 7:4 (לְךָ) הִשָּׁ֫מֶר Breishis 24:6 +; fs. הִשָּֽׁמְרִי Shoftim 13:4, etc.;—

be on one’s guard, c. בַּחֶרֶב Shmuel Beis 20:10 by reason of the sword, that is against it; c. ב temp. Shmuel Alef 19:2, שָׁם Melachim Beis 6:10; take heed Shemos 23:13 Devarim 2:4; c. מִן person Shemos 23:21, Yirmiya 9:3; מִן rei Shoftim 13:13; Devarim 23:10; מִן inf. take care not to, etc. Breishis 31:29, Melachim Beis 6:9; inf. without מִן Shemos 19:12, but read probably מֵעֲלוֹת; followed by פֶּן lest Breishis 24:6 + 11 times (especially Dt); c. (וְ)אַל juss. Shemos 10:28, Shoftim 13:4; Iyov 36:21, c. imperative (ציווי) coöread Yeshaya 7:4.—Very often imperative (ציווי) (24 times), especially in phr. הִשָּׁמֶר־לְךָ (12 times), הִשָּׁמְרוּ לִכֶם (3 times); + לְנַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם Devarim 4:15; Yehoshua 23:11 (R^D; + inf.); + בְּנַפ׳ Yirmiya 17:21 appar. ב pret. on peril of your life (compare ב III. 3 a), so perhaps also בְּרוּחֲכֶם Malachi 2:15, Malachi 2:16 (Wellhausen Nowack).

keep oneself, refrain, abstain, מֵאִשָּׁה Shmuel Alef 21:5.

be kept, guarded, Hoshea 12:14 (compare שׁ׳ of Jacob v Hoshea 12:13); be preserved (by י׳) Tehillim 37:28 (לִעוֹלָם), but read probably נִשְׁמָ֑דוּ (לְעוֹלָם) עַוָּלִים Hupfeld-Ri (Nowack) Cheyne Baethgen Duhm Driver.

participle (בינוני) plural מְשַׁמְּרִים הַבְלֵי־שָׁוְא Yonah 2:9 those paying regard to false vanities (compare Qal Tehillim 31:7).

future (עתיד) 1st singular וָאֶשְׁתַּמֵּר מֵעֲוֹנִי Tehillim 18:24 I kept myself from, etc. = Shmuel Beis 22:24 (verb cohort.); 3rd masculine singular וְיִשְׁתַּמֵּר חֻקּוֹת עָמְרִי Micha 6:16, but read וְתִשְׁמֹר thou keepest, observest, Wellhausen Nowack G.A. Smith.

↗ original

שֶׁ֫מֶר

proper name (masc.) (proposes clan-name, compare Stade^{journal ZAW v (1885), 166f.}, compare Sabean שמר Os 13, but NAram شِمْر D.H. Müller^{ZMG xxxvii (1885). 14} SabDenkm ³⁰);—Σεμ(μ)ηρ, etc.:

שׁ׳ orig. owner of hill where Sam. was built Melachim Alef 16:24^(×2).

שָׁ֑מֶר:

Levite Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:31.

in Asher Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:34, A SeptuagintL Σωμηρ; = שֹׁמֵר v Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:32.

in Benj. Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:12 van d. H.; > שֶׁמֶד q.see

↗ original

שָׁמְרָה

noun (fem.) guard, watch;—שִׁיתָה י׳ שׁ׳ לְפִי Tehillim 141:3 (‖ נִצְּרָה עַל־דַּל שְׂפָתָ֑י).

↗ original

שֹׁמֵר

proper name (masc.)

father of one of Joash’s murderers Melachim Beis 12:21, Σωμηρ, SeptuagintL Σεμμηρ (called שִׁמְרִית q.see, a Moabitess, ‖ Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:26).

Asherite Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:32, Σαμηρ, Σωμηρ; = שֶׁמֵר 2 b.

↗ original

שִׁמְרִי

proper name (masc.) usually Σαμαρει, etc.:

in Simeon, Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:37.

father of a hero of David Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:45.

Levites:

Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:10.

Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:13, Ζαμβρει, Σαμβρι.

↗ original

שִׁמְרִית

proper namef. Moabitish mother of one of Joash’s murderers Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:26 (m. Σομαιωθ, A Σαμαριθ; f. SeptuagintL Σαμιραμωθ), ‖ שֹׁמֵר proper name (masc.) Melachim Beis 12:21.

↗ original

שֹׁמְרוֹן

proper name (place) capital of N. Isr. from Omri’s time (belonging to clan שֶׁמֶר, Stade^{journal ZAW v (1885), 165–175}; originally שַׁמְרוֹן or שַׁמְרַיִן; Assyrian Samerîna Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament Melachim Alef 16:24);—שׁ׳ Melachim Alef 16:24 (name expl. as from שֶׁמֶר, orig. owner of site), v Melachim Alef 16:28, Melachim Alef 16:29, Melachim Alef 16:32; Melachim Alef 20:1, Melachim Alef 20:10 +; שֹׁמְר֫וֹנָה Melachim Alef 20:43; Melachim Beis 6:19; Melachim Beis 14:14; personified as woman Yechezkel 16:46, Yechezkel 16:51, Yechezkel 16:53, Yechezkel 16:55; Yechezkel 23:4, Yechezkel 23:33; king of N. Isarel is מֶלֶךְ שׁ׳ Melachim Alef 21:2; Melachim Beis 1:3; מ׳ יִשׂ׳ אֲשֶׁר בְּשׁ׳ Melachim Alef 21:18, compare מָלַךְ עַל־יִשׂ׳ בְּשׁ׳ Melachim Alef 22:52 + 9 times; thence name of territory, שְׂדֵה שׁ׳ Ovadia 1:19, עָרֵי שׁ׳ Melachim Alef 13:32 (point of view of later editor), Melachim Beis 17:24, Melachim Beis 17:26; Melachim Beis 23:19; הָרֵי שׁ׳ Amos 3:9; Yirmiya 31:5,—compare הַר־שׁ׳ Amos 4:1; Amos 6:1; Melachim Alef 16:24; perhaps שׁ׳ alone Yirmiya 23:13; Melachim Alef 18:2; Melachim Beis 17:24, Melachim Beis 17:28; Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:13; חֵיל שׁ׳ Nechemia 3:34.—Septuagint usually Σαμαρεια, but Melachim Alef 16:24 Σεμερω, Σαεμερων, Σομορων; = mod. Sebastieh; vid. G.A. Smith^{G. 346 ff.} Buhl ^{G 207 f.} Cowley^{Ency. Bib. s. see} Wilson^{Hast. DB s. see}.

↗ original

שִׁמְרוֹן

proper name (place) Canaanite city, with king: Yehoshua 11:1, in Zebulun Yehoshua 19:15, Συμοων, Σομερων, etc., = שׁ׳ מְראוֹן Kesiv (שׁ׳ מְרוֹן Keri) Yehoshua 12:20.

↗ original

שִׁמְרוֹן²

proper name (masc.) son of Issachar, Breishis 46:13; Bamidbar 26:24; Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:1; Ζαμβραμ, Σαμβρα, Σεμερων, etc.

↗ original

שֶׁ֫מֶר²

noun (masc.) ^{Yeshaya 25:6} only plural lees, dregs (figuratively);—absolute שְׁמָרִים Yeshaya 25:6^(×2) (in both = wine matured by resting undisturbed on the lees); with suffix שֹׁקֵט הוּא אֶל־שְׁמָרָיו Yirmiya 48:11 (of Moab’s undisturbed life), compare (of careless men) הַקֹּפְאִים עַל־ שִׁמְרֵיהֶם Tzefania 1:12; שְׁמָרֶיהָ Tehillim 75:9 (of י׳’s cup of judgment).

↗ original

שָׁמִיר

noun (masc.) Yechezkel 3:9 thorn(s), adamant, flint;—absolute שׁ׳ Yeshaya 5:6 +; with suffix שְׁמִירוֹ Yeshaya 10:17;—

coll. thorns, thorn-bushes, token of waste-land, only Is, + שַׁיִת Yeshaya 5:6; Yeshaya 7:23, Yeshaya 7:24, Yeshaya 7:25; Yeshaya 27:4; figuratively Yeshaya 9:17; Yeshaya 10:17; קוֹץ שׁ׳ Yeshaya 32:13.

adamant, as sharp, כְּתוּבָה … בְּצִפֹּרֶן שׁ׳ Yirmiya 17:1 (‖ בְּעֵט בַּרְזֶל); as hard, figuratively of prophet’s firmness Yechezkel 3:9; Zecharia 7:12 figuratively of hard heart.

↗ original

שָׁמִיר²

proper name (place)

in הַר אֶפְרַיִם Shoftim 10:1, Shoftim 10:2, Σαμειρ; A SeptuagintL Σαμαρεια.

in (יְהוּדָה) הַר Yehoshua 15:48, Σαμειρ; A SeptuagintL Σαφειρ.

↗ original

שָׁמִיר³

proper name (masc.) Levite, Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:24 Keri, Σαμηρ, Σεμμηρ (Kesiv שמור).

↗ original

שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ

noun (fem.) Shoftim 19, Shoftim 14 et m. Breishis 19, Breishis 23 (Albr ^{journal ZAW xv (1895), 324}) sun;—absolute שׁ׳ Yehoshua 10:12 +, שָׁ֑מֶשׁ Shoftim 20:43 +; with suffix שִׁמְשֵׁךְ Yeshaya 60:20, שִׁמְשָׁהּ Yirmiya 15:9; plural with suffix שִׁמְשֹׁתַ֫יִךְ Yeshaya 54:12;—

sun, Breishis 37:9 (E; + moon, stars); marking time: as rising (verb זָרַח q.see) Shemos 22:2 + 8 times + Malachi 3:20 (figuratively שׁ׳ צְדָקָה, of reward of the faithful, with wings, that is rays? Nowack G.A. Smith; or winged sun-disc [compare Wellhausen]?); verb יָצָא Breishis 19:23, Yeshaya 13:10; Shoftim 5:31 (simile of splendour; v יָצָא 1st feminine); setting (verb בּוֹא) Breishis 15:17, Amos 8:9 + 19 times, + וַיְהִי הַשּׁ׳ לָבוֹא Breishis 15:12, שׁ׳ יָדַע מְבוֹאוֹ Tehillim 104:19 (see בּוֹא 1 i, מָבוֹא 2); as giving daylight Yeshaya 60:9; hot Shmuel Alef 11:9; Nechemia 7:3; Shemos 16:21, compare Yeshaya 49:10; Yonah 4:8 Tehillim 121:6; as ripening crops Devarim 33:14 (poem), compare (figuratively) Iyov 8:16, tanning the face Shir HaShirim 1:6; standing still at Joshua’s word Yehoshua 10:12, Yehoshua 10:13 (poem in J; ‖ יָרֵחַ), v Yehoshua 10:13, compare Chavakuk 3:11 (+ יָרֵחַ); casting shadow (on dial), יָֽרְדָה בְמַעֲלוֹת אָחָז בַּשּׁ׳ Yeshaya 38:8, וַתָּשָׁב הַשּׁ׳ v Yeshaya 38:8; set in sky by י׳ Yirmiya 31:25 Tehillim 19:5; Tehillim 74:16; Tehillim 136:8, enduring Tehillim 72:5, Tehillim 72:17 (compare עִם 1 g, p. 768; [פָּנֶה] II. 4 a (e), p. 817), also Tehillim 89:37; personif., called to praise י׳ Tehillim 148:3 (+ יָרֵחַ); to be darkened by י׳’s judgment, Yechezkel 32:7; Yoel 2:10; Yoel 3:4; Yoel 4:15 (compare Amos 8:9 above, Micha 3:6).

of direction: מִמִּזְרַח הַשּׁ׳ Bamidbar 21:11 toward sun-rise, = East, compare Devarim 4:41, Devarim 4:47 + 16 times (see מִזְרָח p. 280); מְבוֹא הַשּׁ׳ Devarim 11:30 + 3 times (see מָבוֹא 2, p. 99).

object of worship (usually + moon, stars, etc.) Melachim Beis 23:5; Yirmiya 8:2; Yechezkel 8:16; Devarim 4:19; horses given to שׁ׳ Melachim Beis 23:11, מַרְכְּבוֹת הַשּׁ׳ v Melachim Beis 23:11.—Vid. also בֵּית שׁ׳ p. 112b.

other phr.:

נֶגֶד הַשּׁ׳, that is openly, publicly, Shmuel Beis 12:12; Bamidbar 25:4, so לְעֵינֵי הַשּׁ׳ Shmuel Beis 12:11.

figuratively of living, חָזָה שׁ׳ Tehillim 58:9, רָאָה שׁ׳ Shemos 6:5; Shemos 7:11; Shemos 11:7, opposite תֶּחְשַׁךְ הַשּׁ׳ Shemos 12:2.

תַּחַת הַשּׁ׳, that is on the earth, Koheles 1:3 + 28 times Ec (compare Gk. ὑφʼ ἡλίῳ, Kue^{Ond. iii. 196; Eini. iii.192}).

pinnacle, as glittering, shining, plural Yeshaya 54:12 thy pinnacles, battlements (of Zion), so perhaps singular שׁ׳ וּמָגֵן י׳ אֱלֹהִים Tehillim 84:12 battlement and shield is י׳ א׳ (Gratz Baethgen Duhm Buhl; most sun, and so Gesenius' Thesaurus De Cheyne Siegfried-Stade; Hupfeld-Nowack hesitates).

↗ original

שִׁמְשׁוֹן

proper name (masc.) Samson (Assyrian proper name Šamšânu, Hilpr^{Murâshu 27, 70}; on שמש in Arabic proper name trib. compare Noldeke^{ZMG xi (1886), 166});—Σαμψων: Shoftim 13:24; Shoftim 14:1, Shoftim 14:3 + 35 times Shoftim 14, Shoftim 15, Shoftim 16.

↗ original

שָׁן

see בֵּית שְׁאָן.

↗ original

שֵׁן

see שׁנן.

↗ original

שֵׁנָא

see שֵׁנָה √ יָשֵׁן.

↗ original

שִׁנְאָב

proper name (masc.) king of Admah Breishis 14:2, Σεννααρ (see שִׁנְעָר v Breishis 14:1, Septuagint the same).

↗ original

שִׁנְאָן

see under III. שׁנה.

↗ original

שָׁנָה

verb change (Mishnaic Hebrew Pi, etc.; Ecclus Ben Sira 42:24, etc.; Assyrian šanû, change, Aramaic שְׁנָא, Nabataean Ethpa. Lidzbarski³⁷⁹; Syriac ܫܢܳܐ, especially mentally = grow insane; compare (probably) Mishnaic Hebrew שָׁנָה year, = Phoenician שנת, שת; Mesha Inscription 2, 8 שת; Assyrian šattu (compare Muss-Arnolt^{JBL xi (1892), 73 n.}); Arabic سَنَةٌ; Aramaic שְׁנַא, שַׁתָּא, ܫܢܳܐ, ܫܰܢ݈ܬܳܐ; Old Aramaic, Nabataean, Palmyrene שנתא, שנת, שת, שנן Lidzbarski^{379 f.}; on year from changing seasons, see Philippi^{ZMG xxxii (1878), 79 f.} Barth^{ZMG xli (1887), 612, 621, 636} (especially against D.H. Müller ^{VIme Orient. Congr. ii. 1, 452} who proposes bilit. √), compare Gesenius' Thesaurus; a daring suggestion by Jen^{ZA vii (1892), 177});—

past (עבר) 1st singular לֹא שָׁנִיתִי Malachi 3:6 I am י׳, I do not change; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁנֶא (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 77 rr) Eicha 4:1 how is the fine gold changed (si vera l.; Löhr^Nowack יִשָּׁנֵא; gloss on יוּעַם Budde Löhr); infinitive (מקור) construct שְׁנוֹת יְמִין עֶלְיוֹן Tehillim 77:11 the right hand of the Highest is changed (Peshitta Vulgate Targum Aq Sym Theod Hupfeld-Nowack Revised Version margin Baethgen Duhm Wellhausen Buhl; Authorized Version Revised Version Ewald De Cheyne and elsewhere years, usually ins. I will remember); participle (בינוני) שׁוֹנִים Esther 1:7 differing, different, c. מִן, compare Esther 3:8 (so Ecclus Ben Sira 42:24); Mishlei 24:21 those who change (but doubtful, see Toy).

transit., change, alter: past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שִׁנָּה Yirmiya 52:33 with a direct object garments, = שִׁנָּא (Gesenius^l.c.) Melachim Beis 25:29; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְשַׁנֶּה דִּין Mishlei 31:5 lest he pervert the judgment; וַיְשַׁנּוֹ Shmuel Alef 21:14 (read וַיְשַׁן Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 75bb, וַיְשַׁנֶּה Wellhausen Driver (and reff.), compare Budde H.P. Smith Nowack), with a direct object טַעְמוֹ (v טַעַם, and Assyrian šanê ṭêmi, madness); וַיְשַׁנֶּהָ Esther 2:9, that is changed her place לְטוֹב בֵּית הַנָּשִׁים; 1st singular Tehillim 89:35 the utterance of my lips I will not change (‖ לֹא אֲחַלֵּל בְּרִיתִי); infinitive (מקור) construct לְשַׁנּוֹת אֶת־דַּרְכֵּךְ Yirmiya 2:36 that is change thy political course; בְּשַׁנּוֹתוֹ אֶת־טַעְמוֹ Tehillim 34:1 (title; compare Shmuel Alef 21:14 above); participle (בינוני) מְשַׁנֶּה פָנָיו Iyov 14:20 altering his face, that is in death (subj. God).

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וְעֹז פָּנָיו יְשֻׁנֶּא (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 75rr) Koheles 8:1, usually is changed, mollified, Siegf יִשָּׂנֵא is hated (on עֹז פ׳ see עֹז 4, √ עזז).

past (עבר) 2nd feminine singular consec. קוּמִי נָא וְהִשְׁתַּנִּית Melachim Alef 14:2 arise, pray, and disguise thyself.

↗ original

שָׁנָה²

noun (fem.) (on appar. except see Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 46}), year (etym. see √);—absolute שׁ׳ Amos 2:10 +; construct שְׁנַת Breishis 41:50 +; with suffix שְׁנָתוֹ Yechezkel 46:13 +, שְׁנָתָהּ Vayikra 14:10 + 2 times; dual שְׁנָתַיִם Amos 1:1 +, -תָ֑יִם Melachim Alef 15:25 +; plural שָׁנִים Shemos 21:2 +, construct שְׁנֵי Breishis 23:1 + 24 times, שְׁנוֹת Devarim 32:7 + 8 times (poet. and late); with suffix שָׁנָיו Vayikra 25:52 + 4 times with suffix; שְׁנוֹתַי Yeshaya 38:15 Tehillim 31:11, שְׁנוֹתָם Tehillim 78:33 + 8 times with suffix;—year, as division of time, Shemos 23:14, Shemos 23:17 3 times בַּשָּׁנָה +, etc.; רֵשִׁית הַשּׁ׳ Devarim 11:12, opposite אַחֲרִית הַשּׁ׳ v Devarim 11:12, צֵאת הַשּׁ׳ Shemos 23:16, תְּקוּפַת הַשּׁ׳ Shemos 34:22 Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:23, תְּשׁוּבַת הַשּׁ׳ Shmuel Beis 11:1 +, etc.; בָּא שָׁנָה Melachim Beis 13:20, read כְּבֹא שׁ׳ Septuagint Bur, בארץ שׁ׳ בְשׁ׳ Kittel, compare שׁ׳ בְשׁ׳ = year by year Shmuel Alef 1:7 +; בַּשָּׁנָה Benzinger, compare Nechemia 10:33; so שׁ׳ שׁ׳ Devarim 14:22, שׁ׳ אַחֲרֵי שׁ׳ Shmuel Beis 21:1, בְּכָל־שׁ׳ וְשׁ׳ Esther 9:21, Esther 9:27; especially of duration of life; (יְמֵי) שְׁנֵי חַיֵּי פ׳ Breishis 23:1; Breishis 25:7 +; שְׁנֵיהֶם Iyov 36:11 +, שְׁנוֹתַי Tehillim 31:11 (‖ חַיַּי), etc.; of God Iyov 10:5 Tehillim 102:25, Tehillim 102:28; in phr. of age, see בֵּן 9, בַּת 9; indef. שָׁנִים Yechezkel 38:17 = for years, לְקֵץ שׁ׳ Daniel 11:6; זֶה־יָמִים אוֹ זֶה שָׁנִים Shmuel Alef 29:3; specif. בִּשְׁנַת מוֹת הַמֶּלֶךְ Yeshaya 6:1; Yeshaya 14:28, בִּשְׁנַת בֹּא תַּרְתָּן Yeshaya 20:1, שְׁנַת הַשְּׁמִטָה Devarim 15:9; Devarim 31:10, שְׁנַת הַיּוֹבֵל Vayikra 25:13 +, etc.; שְׁנֵי שָׂכִיר Yeshaya 16:14; Yeshaya 21:16 (see שָׂכִיר); שְׁנַת פְּקֻדָּתָם Yirmiya 11:23 + 2 times; שׁ׳ רָצוֹן לְי׳ Yeshaya 61:2, etc.; שְׁנוֹת דֹּר־וָדֹר Devarim 32:7, compare Yoel 2:2; most often c. num. card.: plural after units, appos., Shemos 21:2 +, so also שְׁתַּיִם שָׁנִים Shmuel Beis 2:10 +, but dual שְׁנָתַיִם Amos 1:1 + 4 times, שְׁנָתַיִם יָמִים Breishis 41:1 + 4 times; very rarely c. num. (certainly) construct שְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים Shmuel Alef 13:1 (corrupt), שְׁלשׁ שׁ׳ Vayikra 25:21; Vayikra 25:8 + שָׁנָה †Melachim Beis 22:1; before unit (rare, late) Divrei HaYamim Beis 11:17^(×2); Daniel 1:5; singular after Daniel 1:11-19, tens, and hundreds Breishis 5:3, Breishis 5:9; Breishis 14:4 + often; so 90 + 9 years Breishis 17:24 +, rarely 30 + 3 years Melachim Alef 2:11, etc.; but אֶלֶפ שָׁנִים Tehillim 90:4 1000 years, so (+ פַּעֲמַיִם) Koheles 6:6 1000 years twice over; with cp. num. often repeated, 900 year + 30 year Breishis 5:5, etc.; 100 year + 70 year + 5 years Breishis 25:7, etc.; c. num. card. = ord., בִּשְׁנַת אַרְבַּע לְ Melachim Alef 22:41 in the fourth year of, etc., also בִּשְׁנַת חֲמִשִּׁים שָׁנָה לְ Melachim Beis 15:23, etc.; but בְּאַרְבַּע עֶשְׂרֵה שׁ׳ לְ Melachim Beis 18:13, etc. (often), and בַּשָּׁנָה הָאַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה Melachim Alef 6:38, etc.; also (c. units), בַּשָּׁנָה הָֽרְבִיעִת Vayikra 19:24 +, etc., + לְ Melachim Beis 17:6 the ninth year of, etc.; and even (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 134 p) בִּשְׁנַת הַתְּשִׁיעִית לְ Melachim Beis 25:1, compare Ezra 7:8; Yirmiya 46:2; Yirmiya 51:59 + (Kesiv) Yirmiya 28:1; Yirmiya 32:1 (Keri בַּשָּׁנָה).

↗ original

שָׁנִי

n.[m.] scarlet (proposes coccus ilicis, which attaches itself to leaves and twigs of quercus coccifera; the dried body of female yields coloring matter; compare Tristr^{NHB 319} Post^{HastDB scarlet} M’Lean^{Ency. Bib. the same});—usually שׁ׳: תִּקְוַת חוּט הַשּׁ׳ הַזֶּה Yehoshua 2:18 this cord of thread of scarlet, ת׳ הַשּׁ׳ v Yehoshua 2:21, חוּט הַשּׁ׳ Shir HaShirim 4:3 (simile of lips); so (הַ)שּׁ׳ alone Breishis 38:28, Breishis 38:30, and as material of clothing Shmuel Beis 1:24; Yirmiya 4:30; Mishlei 31:21 (plural שָׁנִים; on order of ll. see Toy); plural also in simile Yeshaya 1:18 if your sins are like scarlet (robes); elsewhere תּוֹלַעַת (הַ)שּׁ׳ (see ת׳) of material for curtain, veil, ephod, etc., Shemos 25:4; Shemos 26:1 + 24 times Ex; בֶּגֶד ת׳ שׁ׳ Bamidbar 4:8 (see ii. ב׳ 2); construct שְׁנִי (הַ)תּ׳ used in purif., †Vayikra 14:4, Vayikra 14:6, Vayikra 14:49, Vayikra 14:51, Vayikra 14:52; Bamidbar 19:6.

↗ original

שָׁנָה³

verb repeat, do again (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Ecclus Ben Sira 42:1; Arabic ثَنَى bend, fold, double; Aramaic תְּנָא repeat, also teach, ܬܢܳܐ; Assyrian šanû, especially Pi. repeat, relate, compare Scheil^{ZA v (1890), 409} (Delitzsch thinks denom.); on שׁ׳ as √ of שְׁנַיִם two, see Philippi^{ZMG xxxii (1878), 77} Barth^{ib. xii (1887), 603});—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Shmuel Beis 20:10; future (עתיד) 1st singular אֶשְׁנֶה Shmuel Alef 26:8, etc.; imperative (ציווי) mpl. שְׁנוּ Melachim Alef 18:34; participle (בינוני) שֹׁנֶה Mishlei 17:9; Mishlei 26:11;—do again: וַיַּכֵּהוּ … וְלֹא שׁ׳ לוֹ Shmuel Beis 20:10, compare Shmuel Alef 26:8; absolute Melachim Alef 18:34^(×2) Nechemia 13:21; = speak again Iyov 29:22 + Iyov 40:5 according to many moderns (אשׁנה for Masoretic Text אענה); שׁ׳ בְּדָבָר Mishlei 17:9 repeat with a thing, keep talking about it (שנות דבר Ecclus Ben Sira 42:1); Ben Sira 26:11 a dullard repeats with (ב) his folly, does it over agian (learns nothing by experience).

infinitive (מקור) construct וְעַל הִשָּׁנוֹת הַחֲלוֹם אֶל־פַּרְעֹה פַּעֲמָ֑יִם Breishis 41:32 concerning the dream’s being repeated, etc.

↗ original

שְׁנַ֫יִם

(Philipi^{ZMG xlix (1895), 202} Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 97b note)₇₆₈ noun (masc.) et f.dual two (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Phoenician אשנם (and שני second), Pun. שנם Lidzbarski³⁸⁰; Arabic اِثنَانِ; Sabean תֿני Hom^{Chr 47}, Aramaic תְּרֵין, ܬܪܶܝܢ (תִּנְיָנָא, ܬܶܢܝܳܢܳܐ second); Nabataean תרין, Palmyrene f. תרתן, תרתיא, Lidzbarski³⁸⁸; Assyrian šinâ; on etym see √, and especially Philippi^{ZMG xxxii (1878), 21–98});—m. (c. noun (masc.)) שְׁנַיִם Amos 3:3 +; construct שְׁנֵי Yeshaya 7:16 +, with suffix שְׁנֵיהֶם Breishis 2:25 +, etc.; f. (c. noun (fem.)) שְׁתַּיִם Amos 4:8 +; construct שְׁתֵּי Breishis 4:19, וּשְׁתֵּי Yeshaya 7:21 +, etc., מִשְּׁתֵֿי Shoftim 16:28 (see G.F. Moore); sfs. see below (2 + 10 = 12, see below); Hexateuch chiefly P:—two:

no other num.:

usually construct before n.plural (צְמִידִים) שְׁנֵי Breishis 24:22 + 194 times + Shmuel Beis 23:20 ‖ Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:22 (ins. בְּנֵי Septuagint Th mod., otherwise Robertson Smith^{Sem. i. 469, 2nd ed., 488}); (נָשִׁים) שְׁתֵּי Breishis 4:19 + 132 times, Shmuel Alef 10:4 ins. כִּכְּרוֹת Klostermann H.P. Smith Budde Nowack; Vayikra 16:21 read dual יָדָיו Keri, + Shoftim 16:28 (see above) + שְׁתֵּי־אֵלֶּה Yeshaya 47:9 both these thing; before n.singular, שְׁנֵי Shemos 16:22 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 134e); with suffix שְׁנֵיהֶם the two of them Breishis 2:25 + 62 times, + Mishlei 24:22 (> their years Peshitta Targum De and elsewhere; probably crpt., see Toy), שְׁנֵינוּ Breishis 31:37 + 2 times, שְׁנֵיכֶם †Breishis 27:45; שְׁתֵּיהֶם (msf.! Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 135 o) †Rus 1:19; Rus 4:11, יהֶן—ֵ †Shmuel Alef 25:43; Yechezkel 23:13.

absolute (1) שְׁנַ֫יִם (90 times), before n.plural Shoftim 11:37 + 26 times; after n.plural Shmuel Beis 1:1; Shemos 29:1 + 21 times (usually P Chr), n.singular (coll.) Breishis 46:27 Bamidbar 7:17 + 11 times Bamidbar 17; n. om. Breishis 7:2; Breishis 44:27 + 26 times; שׁ׳ שׁ׳ distrib. Breishis 7:9 +; לִשׁ׳ cut in two †Melachim Beis 3:25; Yirmiya 34:18; = double amount †Shemos 22:3, Shemos 22:6, Shemos 22:8; פִּי שׁ׳ †Devarim 21:17 two-thirds, + בְּרוּחֲךָ †Melachim Beis 2:9 in (of) thy spirit, + בָּהּ †Zecharia 13:8; (Zecharia 13:2) שְׁתַּ֫יִם (55 times), bef. n.plural; Melachim Alef 3:16 + 16 times; after n.plural (usually P and late) Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:3 + 9 times; n. om., = two things †Yeshaya 51:19 Iyov 13:20 Mishlei 30:7; שְׁתַּיִם = twice †Melachim Beis 6:10 Iyov 40:5 Tehillim 62:12 (or as Mishlei 30:7), בִּשׁ׳ Iyov 33:14 either so, or in two ways Revised Version margin (see De); as ordin. בִּשְׁנַת שְׁתַּיִם לְ Melachim Alef 15:25 + 9 times, etc.; (3) as round number, שְׁנַיִם עֵצִים Melachim Alef 17:12 a few sticks (Germ. ‘ein paar’), compare Melachim Beis 9:32 Yeshaya 17:6; שְׁתַּיִם שָׁלשׁ Amos 4:8, פַּעַם וּשְׁתָּ֑יִם Nechemia 13:20, compare Yirmiya 3:14 אֶחָד מֵעִיר וּשְׁנַיִם מִמִּשְׁפָחָה = a small no.; Ezra 10:13 not for one or two days (but for many), Melachim Beis 6:10.

twelve: c. noun (masc.) שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר Breishis 42:13 + 87 times, לִשְׁנֵי עָשָׂר Shemos 28:21 + 4 times; c. noun (fem.) שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה Shemos 24:4 + 34 times, שְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרֵה †Yechezkel 32:1, Yechezkel 32:17; Yechezkel 33:21; before n.plural Breishis 17:20; Shemos 15:27 +; after n.plural Bamidbar 7:84^(×2) +; before n.singular Shemos 28:21 +, Breishis 14:4 (Breishis 14:12 year) +, etc.; as ord., בְּיוֹם שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר יוֹם Bamidbar 7:78, בִּשְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה Yechezkel 32:1 +, etc.

with large num.: 10 (etc.) + 2, Shmuel Beis 8:5; Shoftim 10:3 + 56 times; 2 + 10 (etc.) Bamidbar 1:35, Divrei HaYamim Beis 22:2 + 18 times (Konig^{ii. 1, 215 ff.} Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 97 f.); 200 + 2 + 30, Melachim Alef 20:15; 50 + 2 as ord. Melachim Beis 15:27 + 2 times; compare 2 + 20, Divrei HaYamim Alef 24:17.

↗ original

שֵׁנִי

m. שֵׁנִית f.₁₅₇ adjectivenum.ord. second;—בַּיּוֹם הַשֵּׁנִי Shemos 2:13 +, etc. (שֵׁנִי 82 times + Nechemia 3:30, read שֵׁנִית; read וְהַשֵּׁנִי also Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:13 for ושני); בַּשָּׁנָה הַשֵּׁנִית Breishis 47:18 +, etc. (שֵׁנִית 72 times + Nechemia 3:30 see above), שִׁבְעַת יָמִים שׁ׳ Vayikra 13:5, Vayikra 13:33, Vayikra 13:54 a second heptad of days; שֵׁנִית = a second time Breishis 22:15 + 16 times + (= again, of similar—not identical—act, or another point in a series) Yechezkel 4:6; Malachi 2:13, וְהַשֵּׁנִית Shmuel Beis 16:19; †mpl. שְׁנִיִּם Bamidbar 2:16 they shall set out as second, but Breishis 6:16 second stories (in ark).

↗ original

שִׁנְאָן²

n.[m.] repetition (?);—אַלְפֵי שִׁנְאָ֑ן Tehillim 68:18 thousands of repetition, that is thousands twice-told, Cheyne; redoubled, Driver, that is thousands on thousands (Duhm, reading אֶלֶף as שִׁנָּא c. with suffix removed them, treating שׁנאן אדני מסיני בק׳ as gloss).

↗ original

שֵׁנָה²

see √ יָשֵׁן.

↗ original

שֶׁנְהַבִּים

see √ שׁנן.

↗ original

שֵׁן²

noun (fem.) Shmuel Alef 2:13 (yet m. Shmuel Alef 14:5 compare Driver) tooth, ivory;—שׁ׳ absolute Shemos 21:24 +, construct v Shemos 21:27 +, שֶׁן־ Devarim 32:24; with suffix שִׁנּוֹ Shemos 21:27; dual שִׁנַּיִם Mishlei 10:26, construct שִׁנֵּי Yirmiya 31:29 +; with suffix שִׁנֵּיהֶם Tehillim 124:6, שִׁנֵּימוֹ Tehillim 58:7, etc.;—

tooth:

of man, Shemos 21:27^(×3), Bamidbar 11:33, Breishis 49:12 (poem in J), Amos 4:6; Shir HaShirim 4:2; Shir HaShirim 6:6, שׁ׳ רֹעָה Mishlei 25:19, see II. רעע 2; of lex talionis, שׁ׳ תַּחַת שׁ׳ Shemos 21:24, Vayikra 24:20, שֵׁן בְּשׁ׳ Devarim 19:21; irritated by acid Mishlei 10:26, dulled by it (in proverb of inherited guilt) Yirmiya 31:29, Yirmiya 31:30; Yechezkel 18:2; חָרַק שׁ׳ Eicha 2:16; Iyov 16:9 Tehillim 35:16; Tehillim 112:10, see חָרַק; אֶשָּׂא בְשָׂרִי בְשִׁנָּ֑י Iyov 13:14 = risk my life (del. עַל־מָה, dittogr.; ‖ נַפְשִׁי אָשִׂים בְּכַפִּי); בְּעוֹר שִׁנָּ֑י Iyov 19:20, see מָלַט Hithp. (other conjunction see Dillmann Bi Budde Duhm).

of beasts: Devarim 32:24, crocodile Iyov 41:6, locusts Yoel 1:6 (teeth of lions); especially figuratively of false prophets Micha 3:5, of foes Zecharia 9:7, oppressors Iyov 29:17, wicked Iyov 4:10 Tehillim 3:8; Tehillim 58:7; Tehillim 124:6; of their weapons Mishlei 30:14 Tehillim 57:5; of Isr. shattered by י׳

tooth of a fork, tine, Shmuel Alef 2:13 (compare Driver ^{Smend. 291}); of cliff, שֵׁן הַסֶּלַע Shmuel Alef 14:4^(×2), compare Iyov 39:28, הַשֵּׁן Shmuel Alef 14:5.

ivory, of commerce, קַרְנוֹת שֵׁן Yechezkel 27:15 (that is tusks?); as material, מִטּוֹת שׁ׳ Amos 6:4, כִּסֵּא־שׁ׳ Melachim Alef 10:18 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:17, בֵּית הָשּׁ׳ Melachim Alef 22:39, compare Amos 3:15, הֵיכְלֵי שׁ׳ Tehillim 45:9, also Yechezkel 27:6; Shir HaShirim 5:14; Shir HaShirim 7:5.

↗ original

שֵׁן³

proper name (place) הַשּׁ׳ Shmuel Alef 7:12, see יְשָׁנָה p. 446and

↗ original

שֶׁנְהַבִּים²

appar. noun (masc.) [plural], in list of Solomon’s imports, Melachim Alef 10:22 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:21, Authorized Version Revised Version ivory (elsewhere שֵׁן alone); hence הַבִּים = elephants according to Gesenius (in Gesenius' Thesaurus) Ewald Hitzig Schrader^{ZMG xxvii (1873), 709} Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament 1 K, compare Septuagint (2 Ch, and A in 1 K) ὀδόντων ἐλεφαντίνων, Vulgate (in 1 K) dentes elephantorum, Targum; but this very doubtful; < read RödThes Th Be Che^{EB 1154} שֵׁן (וְ)הָבְנִים ivory (and) ebony (Yechezkel 27:15).

↗ original

שֵׁנָה³

see יָשֵׁן.

↗ original

שִׁנְעָר

n. pr. location Shinar = Babylonia (= Babylonian Šumêr according to Cuneiform Inscriptions & the Old Testament Breishis 11:1 and elsewhere, > denied by Hal ^{Rev. Crit. 1883, 44} Jen ^{ZK ii (1885), 419}; Egypt; Sangar (WMM^{As. u. Eur. 279}), TelAm. Šanḫar (Winckler ^{TelAm. 25}) identif. with שׁ׳ by Mey ^{Egyptiaca 63}; compare, further, Pinches^{Hast DB shinar});—אֶרֶץ שׁ׳ Breishis 10:10; Breishis 11:2; Zecharia 5:11; Daniel 1:2; מֶלֶךְ־שׁ׳ (Amraphel) Breishis 14:1, Breishis 14:9; שׁ׳ alone Yeshaya 11:11 (as place of diaspora); אַדֶּרֶת שׁ׳ Yehoshua 7:21; Septuagint usually Σεν(ν)ααρ; Zecharia 5:11 (ἐν γῇ) Βαβυλῶνος.

↗ original

שֶׁ֫סַע

n.[m.] cleft;—as direct object cogn. c. [שָׁסַע], q.see; absolute Vayikra 11:26, construct v Vayikra 11:3, Vayikra 11:7 Devarim 14:6.

↗ original

שָׁעָה

verb gaze (steadily, with interest, etc.) (Assyrian šeʾû, behold, look for, aim at);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Breishis 4:5, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁעֶה Yeshaya 17:7, Yeshaya 17:8, apoc. וַיִּ֫שַׁע Breishis 4:4, 1st singular אֶשְׁעָה (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 751) Tehillim 119:117, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שְׁעֵה Iyov 14:6; mpl. שְׁעוּ Yeshaya 22:4;—gaze at, regard (with favour), י׳ subj., c. אֶל Breishis 4:4, Breishis 4:5; c. מִן person = turn gaze away Yeshaya 22:4; Iyov 7:19 Gesenius' Thesaurus Ewald Cheyne, + probably Iyov 10:20 (for יָשִׁית), c. מֵעַל person Iyov 14:6; man subj., regard God (with trust, devotion), c. עַל Yeshaya 17:7; Yeshaya 31:1; c. אֶל rei Yeshaya 17:8; c. בְּ of words, statutes, Shemos 5:9 Tehillim 119:117; absolute 3rd feminine plural תִּשְׁעֶינָה Yeshaya 32:3 shall not behold makes no sense, read probably תְּשֹׁעֶינָה (√ I. שׁעע, Ewald and most); 3rd masculine plural יִשְׁעוּ Shmuel Beis 22:42 they look (about) for help, < as ‖ Tehillim 18:42 יְשַׁזְּעוּ.

imperative (ציווי) ms. הָשַׁע מִמֶּנִּי Tehillim 39:14 cause thy gaze to turn away from me (see also √ I. שׁעע), < Qal שְׁעֵה as Iyov 14:6 (compare Iyov 7:19; Yeshaya 22:4) Hupfeld Baethgen Duhm Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 75 gg.

future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular apoc. אַל־תִּשְׁתָּע Yeshaya 41:10 gaze not about (in anxiety, ‖ אַל־תִּירָא); 1st plural וְנִשְׁתָּ֫עָה (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 75 l) v Yeshaya 41:23 let us look at each other (in rivalry, see ראה Hithp.).

↗ original

שַׁעַטְנֵז

noun (masc.) mixed stuff (perhaps of Egyptian origin; Kn der. from Copt., saht, woven, + nudj, false (Peyron^{Lex 224. 133}), and thinks orig. שַׁעַטְנֹז; Septuagint has κίβδηλος, spurious);—a kind of cloth forbidden for garments; defined Devarim 22:11 by צֶמֶר וּפִשְׁתִּים יַחְדָּו, and Vayikra 19:19 by כִּלְאַיִם.

↗ original

שׁוּעָל

noun (masc.) ^{Shir HaShirim 2:15} fox, perhaps also jackal;—absolute שׁ׳ Nechemia 3:25; plural שׁוּעָלִים Shoftim 15:4 +, שֻׁ׳ Yechezkel 13:4; Shir HaShirim 2:15 b;—fox (probably) Nechemia 3:25; Shir HaShirim 2:15^(×2); perhaps (from large no.) jackal Shoftim 15:4; as haunting ruins Yechezkel 13:4; Eicha 5:18; eating offal Tehillim 63:11.

↗ original

שׁוּעָל²

proper name (place) district in Israel;—אֶרֶץ שׁ׳ Shmuel Alef 13:17 (דֶּרֶךְ עָפְרָה); not identified.—Vid. also חֲצַר שׁ׳ p. 347 b above

↗ original

שׁוּעָל³

proper name (masc.) in Asher;—Divrei HaYamim Alef 7:36, Σουλα, A Σουαλ, SeptuagintL Σουαν.

↗ original

שַׁעֲשֻׁעִים

-שׁוּעִים n.[m.]plural intens. delight (Barth^{NB 206});—absolute -שׁוּעִים Yirmiya 31:20 Mishlei 8:30; with suffix -שׁוּעָיו Yeshaya 5:7, usually -שֻׁעַי Mishlei 8:31 Tehillim 119:24, -שֻׁעָ֑י v Tehillim 119:77 + 3 times;—delight, in phr. נְטַע שׁ׳ Yeshaya 5:7 the planting of his delight (in which he took delight), so יֶלֶד שׁ׳ Yirmiya 31:20 (‖ בֵּן יַקִּיר); שׁ׳ אֶת־ Mishlei 8:31 my delight (was) with the sons of men; elsewhere = object of delight, of wisdom v Mishlei 8:30; God’s law, etc., Tehillim 119:24, Tehillim 119:77, Tehillim 119:92, Tehillim 119:143, Tehillim 119:174.

↗ original

שַׁ֫עַף

proper name (masc.) in clan of Caleb, Σαγαε, A Σαγαφ, SeptuagintL Σααφ;—

שׁ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:49.

שָׁ֑עַף v Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:47.

↗ original

שַׁ֫עַר

noun (masc.) Shmuel Beis 18:24 (f. ^{Yeshaya 14:31} in personif., Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 86}) gate;—שׁ׳ absolute Shoftim 9:40 +, construct Breishis 22:17 +; c. ה location, שָׁ֑עְרָה Yeshaya 28:6 +; plural שְׁעָרִים Shmuel Beis 18:24 +, construct שַׁעֲרֵי Shmuel Alef 17:52 +; with suffix שְׁעָרֶיךָ Devarim 12:15 +, שַׁעֲרֵיהֶם Yechezkel 21:20; Yechezkel 48:34, etc.;—

gate, entrance to city, shut (סָגַר) by night Yehoshua 2:5, Yehoshua 2:7, compare Yeshaya 45:1, opened (פָּתַח) by day Nechemia 7:3, compare Yeshaya 60:11; for entrance (בּוֹא), and exit (יָצָא) Yirmiya 17:19, Yirmiya 17:20, Yirmiya 17:21, Yirmiya 17:24, Yirmiya 17:25, Yirmiya 17:27; Eicha 4:12; Yechezkel 26:10 +; עָבַר שׁ׳ Micha 2:13 pass out through (disreg.accents), ע׳ בַּשׁ׳ Yeshaya 62:10; with bars Tehillim 147:13; attacked Yechezkel 21:20, Yechezkel 21:27, compare Yeshaya 28:6; Micha 1:9, Micha 1:12; Shmuel Alef 17:52; on Shoftim 5:8, Shoftim 5:11 see commentaries; burned (by foe) Yirmiya 17:27; Yirmiya 51:58; Nechemia 1:3; Nechemia 2:3, Nechemia 2:13, Nechemia 2:17; as giving control, possession, of city, יָרַשׁ אֵת שׁ׳ אֹיְבָיו Breishis 22:17; Breishis 24:60; פֶּתַח הַשּׁ׳ Shoftim 9:40 + (see פ׳), דַּלְתוֹת הַשּׁ׳ Shmuel Alef 21:14 + (see ד׳ 3); פֶּתַח־הַשּׁ׳ Shoftim 18:16, Shoftim 18:17 of farm or village; so of camp Shemos 32:26, Shemos 32:27. In cities, elaborate structure, with roof Shmuel Beis 18:24, upper chamber Shmuel Beis 19:1; compare שְׂאוּ שְׁעָרִים רָאשֵׁיכֶם Tehillim 24:7, Tehillim 24:9; write laws בִּשׁ׳ Devarim 6:9 (+ עַל־מְזֻזוֹת בֵּיתֶ֑ךָ), Devarim 11:20 (+ the same); בְּתוֹךְ הַשּׁ׳ Shmuel Alef 9:18, אֶל־תּוֹךְ הַשּׁ׳ Shmuel Beis 3:27; (לְ)יַד שׁ׳ as public, Shmuel Alef 4:18, + v Shmuel Alef 4:13 Septuagint Th Wellhausen Driver and elsewhere, compare Shmuel Beis 15:2; Shmuel Beis 18:4 Mishlei 8:3 (‖ מְבוֹא פְתָחִים).

particular gates of Jerusalem are: (1) שׁ׳ אֶפְרַיִם Melachim Beis 14:13 ‖ Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:23; Nechemia 8:16; Nechemia 12:39; (2) שׁ׳ הָאַשְׁפֹּת Nechemia 2:13; Nechemia 3:14; Nechemia 12:31 = שׁ׳ הָֽשְׁפוֹת Nechemia 3:13; (3) שׁ׳ בִּנְיָמִין Yirmiya 37:13; Yirmiya 38:7; Zecharia 14:10; (4) שׁ׳ הנַּיִא Nechemia 2:13; Nechemia 2:15; Nechemia 3:13 Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:9; (5) שׁ׳ הַדָּגִים Tzefania 1:10; Nechemia 3:3; Nechemia 12:39; Divrei HaYamim Beis 33:14; (6) שׁ׳ בֵּין הַחֹמֹתַיִם Melachim Beis 25:4 = Yirmiya 52:7, compare Yirmiya 39:4; (7) שׁ׳ החרסות Yirmiya 19:2; (8) שׁ׳ הַיְשָׁנָח Nechemia 3:6; Nechemia 12:39; (9) שׁ׳ הַמִּזְרָה Nechemia 3:29; (10) שׁ׳ הַמַּטָּרָה Nechemia 12:39; (11) שׁ׳ הַמּֽ֑יִם Nechemia 8:1, Nechemia 8:3, Nechemia 8:16; (12) שׁ׳ הַמַּיִם לַמִּזְרָ֑ח Nechemia 3:26, compare Nechemia 12:37; (13) שׁ׳ הַמִּפְקָ֑ד Nechemia 3:31; (14) שׁ׳ הָעַיִן Nechemia 2:14; Nechemia 3:15; Nechemia 12:37; (15) שׁ׳ הַסּוּסִים Yirmiya 31:40; Nechemia 3:28 (compare 3 b); (16) שׁ׳ הַפִּנָּה Melachim Beis 14:13 ‖ Divrei HaYamim Beis 25:23 (read הַפִּנָּה for הַפּוֹנֶה), Yirmiya 31:38; Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:9; probably = שׁ׳ הָפִּנִּים Zecharia 14:10; (17) שׁ׳ הַצֹּאן Nechemia 3:1, Nechemia 3:32; Nechemia 12:39; (18) שׁ׳ הַרִאשׁוֹן Zecharia 14:10;—on sites and rel. to each other see Robertson Smith-G.A. Smith^{Ency. Bib. jerusalem} Conder^{Hast DB the same} Buhl^{G. 133 ff.} Bd.^{Pai. s. see} Murray^{Hd. Bk. s.see} Be-Ry^{Ne p. 182 ff.} Guthe^{ZPV, especially v (1882), 7 ff., viii (1885), 245 ff.} commentaries^{ad loc}.^var.

of Ezekiel’s holy city, שַׁעֲרִי הָעִיר Yechezkel 48:31, three on each side, named for tribes, v Yechezkel 48:31^(×4) + 12 times Yechezkel 48.

gate = space inside gate, as public meeting-place, market Melachim Beis 7:1, Melachim Beis 7:18, place of public well Shmuel Beis 23:15, Shmuel Beis 23:16 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:17, Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:18; where elders, judges, king, sat officially Devarim 21:19; Devarim 22:15; Amos 5:12, Amos 5:15; Yeshaya 29:21; Shmuel Beis 18:24; Shmuel Beis 19:9; Melachim Alef 22:10 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:9; Breishis 19:1 Mishlei 24:7; Iyov 5:4; Iyov 31:21; Rus 4:1, Rus 4:11; Mishlei 31:23, Mishlei 31:31, etc.; of conqueror Yirmiya 1:15; appar. = רְחוֹב שׁ׳ Breishis 19:2 Nechemia 8:16; Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:16 + (see i. ר׳); Breishis 34:20 one came unto gate (בָּא אֶל־), so בָּאֵי שׁ׳ Breishis 23:10, Breishis 34:18 those entering the gate, that is having citizens’ rights; also went out (to), יָצָא שׁ׳ Iyov 29:7 (that is, in this case, from his own house, outside the city), hence כָּל־יֹצְאֵי שׁ׳ Breishis 34:24^(×2) (P; compare also הוֹצִיא אֶל־ Devarim 21:19; Devarim 22:15, Devarim 22:24); hence = body of citizens, כָּל־שׁ׳ עַמִּי Rus 3:11.

hence also = city Yeshaya 14:31 (‖ עִיר), Tehillim 87:2, etc.

specif. in Dt, בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ in thy gates, that is thy cities, towns, etc., Devarim 5:14 = Shemos 20:10; Devarim 12:12, Devarim 12:15, Devarim 12:17, Devarim 12:21 + 22 times Dt + Melachim Alef 8:37 (read בְּאַחַד שׁ׳, compare Devarim 18:6; Devarim 23:17, so Septuagint; Peshitta mod.), so ‖ Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:28, + (perhaps) Yirmiya 14:2 (but Yirmiya 15:7 Nachum 3:13 figuratively of gates as entrance to land); of private house, שַׁעֲרֵי צַדִּיק Mishlei 14:19 (perhaps compare Shoftim 18:16 1 a above).

gate of royal castle or palace Melachim Beis 9:31; Yirmiya 22:2, Yirmiya 22:4; Nechemia 2:8; Esther 2:19 + 10 times Est; specif. (of king of Judah), שׁ׳ סוּר Melachim Beis 11:6 = שׁ׳ הַיְסוֹד Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:5 (see ס׳, יס׳), שׁ׳ הָרָצִים Melachim Beis 11:19, הַשּׁ׳ אַחַר הָר׳ v Melachim Beis 11:6; שׁ׳ הַסּוּסִים בֵּית הַמּ׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:15 (= מְבוֹא הַסּ׳ ‖ Melachim Beis 11:16); appar. of official residence, פֶּתַח שׁ׳ יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Melachim Beis 23:8.

of temple Yirmiya 7:2^(×2) Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:23; Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:42 + 12 times Ch, incl. שַׁעֲרֵי מַחֲנוֹת י׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:2 (see מַחֲנֶה 1, p. 334), compare Tehillim 100:4; Tehillim 118:20, שַׁעֲרֵי צֶדֶק v Tehillim 118:19; specif. שׁ׳ בִּנְיָמִין הָעֶלְיוֹן Yirmiya 20:2, and (om. בִּנְי׳) Melachim Beis 15:35 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 27:3; Yechezkel 9:2; Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:20, י׳ הֶחָדָשׁ (בֵּית) שׁ׳ Yirmiya 26:10; Yirmiya 36:10, שׁ׳ הַפְּנִימִית הַפּוֹנֶה צָפ֫וֹנָה Yechezkel 8:3 compare v Yechezkel 8:14, Yechezkel 8:5, שׁ׳ הַמִּזְבֵּחַ שַׁעַר בֵּית י׳ הַקַּדְמֹנִי Yechezkel 10:19; Yechezkel 11:1; שׁ׳ שַׁלֶּכֶת Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:16; שַׁעַר הַמֶּלֶךְ Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:18.

of Ezekiel’s temple and courts Yechezkel 40:3, Yechezkel 40:6; Yechezkel 44:11, Yechezkel 44:17 + 67 times Yechezkel 40-47.

of court of tabern., שׁ׳ הֶחָצֵר Shemos 27:16; Shemos 35:17 + 6 times Ex + Bamidbar 4:36.

figuratively זֶה שׁ׳ הַשָּׁמַיִם Breishis 28:17 (E; ‖ בֵּית אֱלֹהִים); plural שַׁעֲרֵי שְׁאוֹל Yeshaya 38:10; שׁ׳־מָוֶת Iyov 38:17 Tehillim 9:14; Tehillim 107:18; שׁ׳ צַלְמָוֶת Iyov 38:17.

↗ original

שֹׁעֵר

noun (masc.) porter (denom. from 1. שַׁעַר);—absolute שׁוֹ׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:14, construct שֹׁ׳ Melachim Beis 7:10; Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:21, + f. שׁוֹעֶ֫רֶת Shmuel Beis 4:6 (for Masoretic Text בֹּאוּ עַד תּ[וֹךְ]) Wellhausen Driver H.P. Smith Budde Nowack after Septuagint (Th פְּקִידַת דֶּלֶת); plural שֹׁעֲרִים Melachim Beis 7:11 + construct שֹׁעֲרֵי Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:4;—porter of city gate Melachim Beis 7:10, Melachim Beis 7:11 (Shmuel Beis 18:26 read הַשַּׁעַר Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate Th Wellhausen Driver and most); portress of houses Shmuel Beis 4:6 (see above); elsewhere (34 times Ch Ezr Ne) of gate-keepers in sanctuary Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:17, Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:18, Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:24 +; 4,000 in no., Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:5; שׁ׳ פֶּתַח לְאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:21; שֹׁעֲרִים בַּסִּפִּים v Divrei HaYamim Alef 9:22; שׁ׳ לָאָרוֹן Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:23, Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:24; שֹׁעֲרֵי הַסִּפִּים Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:4; בְּנֵי הַשֹּׁעֲרִים Ezra 2:42.

↗ original

שַׁעֲרַ֫יִם

proper name (place)

in the Shephelah of Judah (Buhl^{Geogr. 194}) Yehoshua 15:36, Σακαρειμ, SeptuagintL Σεβαρειμ; דֶּרֶךְ שׁ׳ Shmuel Alef 17:52 (Septuagint τῶν πυλῶν).

in the Negeb (Simeon), וּבְשַׁעֲרָ֑יִם Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:31, Σεωρειμ, SeptuagintL Σααριμ; = שָׁרוּחֶ֑ן (q.see) Yehoshua 19:6, and perhaps שִׁלְחִים (in Negeb of Judah) Yehoshua 15:32; Buhl^{Geogr. 185.}

↗ original

שָׁעַר

verb calculate, reckon (Mishnaic Hebrew Pi. J.Aram Pa. put a valuation on, estimate; J.Aram; שַׁעֲרָא interest, market-price; Arabic سِعْرٌ market-price is loan-word Frä¹⁸⁹);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular כְּמוֹ־שׁ׳ בְּנַפְשׁוֹ כֶּן־הוּא Mishlei 23:7 as he has calculated in his soul, so is he, but doubtful: De שֹׁעֵר as one who calculates; more radical conjunction in Bi Toy.

↗ original

שַׁ֫עַר²

n.[m.] measure (proposes reckoning);—plural מֵאָה שְׁעָרִים Breishis 26:12 100 measures, that is 100 for one = 100-fold.

↗ original

שַׁעֲרוּרָה

noun (fem.) horror = horrible thing;—שַׁמָּה וְשׁ׳ Yirmiya 5:30 an astounding and horrible thing has occurred; בִּנְבִיאֵי ירושׁ׳ רָאִיתִי שׁ׳ Yirmiya 23:14.

↗ original

שַׁעַשְׁגַּז

noun (masc.) person Esther 2:14, Γαι.

↗ original

שְׁפוֹ

proper name (masc.) in Edom, Breishis 36:23, Σωφ, SeptuagintL Σωφαν; = ii. שְׁפִי Divrei HaYamim Alef 1:40, Σωβ, SeptuagintL Σαπφει.

↗ original

שְׁפִי

noun (masc.) bareness, smooth or bare (treeless) height;—

bareness, Iyov 33:21 Kesiv (see √).

bare place, height: שֶׁ֑פִי Bamidbar 23:3, that is an outlook-point; plural שְׁפָיִים Yeshaya 41:18; Yeshaya 49:9; Yirmiya 3:21, שְׁפָיִם Yirmiya 3:2; Yirmiya 4:11 (‖ מִדְבָּר), Yirmiya 7:29, Yirmiya 12:12 (בַּמִּדְבָּר), Yirmiya 14:6.

↗ original

שָׁפַת

verbdenom. set (on the fire) (Mishnaic Hebrew; see √; Sabean שפת = bestow, Sab Denkm^{Noldeke. 8, i. 15});—

imperative (ציווי) ms. שְׁפֹת הַסִּיר Melachim Beis 4:38 set on the pot, so Yechezkel 24:3, compare v Yechezkel 24:3 (del. Co, not Krae; Toy allows); later more generally (subj. י׳): future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular with suffix תִּשְׁפְּתֵנִי Tehillim 22:16 in the dust of death thou settest me.

ordain, establish, 2nd masculine singular תִּשְׁפֹּת שָׁלוֹם לָ֑גוּ Yeshaya 26:12.

↗ original

שְׁפַתַּ֫יִם

see p. 1052 below

↗ original

שִׁפְחָה

noun (fem.) maid, maid-servant (syn. אָמָה, q.see; orig. = concubine? compare √);—absolute שׁ׳ Breishis 16:1 +; construct שִׁפְחַת v Breishis 16:2 +; with suffix שִׁפְחָתִי v Breishis 16:2 +, שִׁפְחָתֶ֑ךָ Rus 2:13, etc.; plural absolute שְׁפָחוֹת Breishis 12:16 +; etc.;—

literally, maid, maid-servant, as belonging to a mistress Breishis 16:1, Breishis 16:3, Breishis 16:6, Breishis 16:8 (PJ) Breishis 29:24, Breishis 29:29 Tehillim 123:2, Mishlei 30:23; Yeshaya 24:2; even where concubine of master (compare אָמָה) Breishis 16:2, Breishis 16:5 (PJ) Breishis 25:12; Breishis 35:25, Breishis 35:26 Breishis 30:4, Breishis 30:7, Breishis 30:9, Breishis 30:10, Breishis 30:12, Breishis 30:18 (all ); less often ref. to master Breishis 29:24, Breishis 29:29, Rus 2:13, of concubine Breishis 32:23, compare Breishis 33:1, Breishis 33:2, Breishis 33:6 (all J); marriageable Vayikra 19:20 (H, compare Shemos 11:5; not elsewhere in legisl.); in generally, especially of menial service (never אָמָה) Shemos 11:5 Shmuel Alef 25:41 (opposite אָמָה) Shmuel Beis 17:17 (‖ עֶבֶד) Breishis 12:16; Breishis 24:35 Breishis 20:14 Breishis 30:43 Breishis 32:6 (J; coll.) Devarim 28:68; Shmuel Alef 8:16; Melachim Beis 5:26; Yeshaya 14:2; Yirmiya 34:9, Yirmiya 34:10, Yirmiya 34:11^(×2), Yirmiya 34:16^(×2) Yoel 3:2; Koheles 2:7; Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:10; Esther 7:4.

figuratively in address, שִׁפְתָֽתְךָ, etc., of speaker, in token of humility (see אָמָה) Rus 2:13 (‖ אָמָה Rus 3:9), Shmuel Alef 1:18 (‖ the same v Shmuel Alef 1:16), Shmuel Alef 25:27 (‖ v Shmuel Alef 25:24), Shmuel Alef 28:21, Shmuel Alef 28:22; Shmuel Beis 14:6, Shmuel Beis 14:7, Shmuel Beis 14:12, Shmuel Beis 14:15, Shmuel Beis 14:17, Shmuel Beis 14:19 (‖ אָמָה v Shmuel Alef 28:15, Shmuel Alef 28:16); Melachim Beis 4:2, Melachim Beis 4:16; not toward God; but see אָמָה.

↗ original

שָׁפַט

verb judge, govern (Mishnaic Hebrew in deriv.; Phoenician שפט = שֹׁפֵט, also in proper name; Pun. sufet Lidzbarski³⁸¹; Biblical Aramaic שָֽׁפְטִין; Assyrian šapâtu (t = ת), syn. dânu (דִּין), judge Delitzsch^{WB 684}, šipṭu (ט), probably judgment [and šapiṭu, captain?] Jen^{ZA iv (1889), 278 f.}; on poss. connexion with Arabic سفط see Noldeke^{ZMG xi (1886), 724}; on usage of verb see Ferguson^{JBL viii (1888), 130 ff.});—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Shoftim 16:31 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁפֹּט Breishis 16:5, יִשְׁפּוֹט Yeshaya 11:3; 3rd masculine plural יִשְׁפְּטוּ Breishis 31:53 +, יִשְׁפּ֫וּטוּ Shemos 18:26 (Ki יִשְׁפּוּט֫וּ; compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 47 g), etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׁפוֹט Breishis 19:9; construct שְׁפֹט Rus 1:1, לִשְׁפֹּט Shemos 8:13 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) שְׁפָט־ Mishlei 31:9, שָׁפְטָה Tehillim 82:8; Eicha 3:59, שִׁפְטוּ Yeshaya 1:17 +, שְׁפֹ֑טוּ Zecharia 7:9, etc.; participle (בינוני) שֹׁפֵט Shmuel Alef 3:13 +, etc.;—

act as law-giver, judge, governor (giving law, deciding controversies and executing law, civil, religious, political, social; both early and late):

of God only, שֹׁפֵט כל הארץ Breishis 18:25, ‖ מֶלֶךְ, מְחֹקֵק Yeshaya 33:22.

of man, Breishis 19:9^(×2), Moses deciding cases Shemos 18:13, making known statutes v Shemos 18:16; so his assistants v Shemos 18:22^(×2), Shemos 18:26^(×2), ‖ Devarim 1:16; of שׁפטי ישׂראל Bamidbar 25:5 (executioners); י׳ set שֹׁפְטִים over Isr. Shoftim 2:16, Shoftim 2:18; Shmuel Beis 7:11 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 17:10, to deliver Isr., שׁפט ישׂראל Shoftim 3:10; Shoftim 4:4; Shoftim 10:2, Shoftim 10:3 + 9 times Ju, Shmuel Alef 4:18; Shmuel Alef 7:15, Shmuel Alef 7:16, Shmuel Alef 7:17; Melachim Beis 23:22, compare Shmuel Alef 7:6; participle (בינוני) שֹׁפֵט as noun also Shoftim 2:17, Shoftim 2:18, Shoftim 2:19; Shmuel Alef 8:1, Shmuel Alef 8:2; Melachim Beis 23:22; שֹׁפְטֵי יִשׂ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 17:6 (‖ Shmuel Beis 7:7 שִׁבְטֵי), בִּימֵי שְׁפֹט הַשֹּׁפְטִים Rus 1:1^(×2) (compare מוֹשִׁיעִים Ovadia 1:21); שׁפט, ‖ מֶלֶךְ Shmuel Alef 8:5, Shmuel Alef 8:6, Shmuel Alef 8:20; Hoshea 7:7; Hoshea 13:10; שֹׁפֶט ישׂראל Micha 4:14 (= king); king judges people Melachim Alef 3:9^(×2) = Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:10; Melachim Alef 15:5 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:21; Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:11; absolute Melachim Alef 7:7; Yeshaya 16:5; ‖ שׂרים Shemos 2:14 Amos 2:3; Tzefania 3:3; ‖ יוֹעֵץ Yeshaya 1:26; Iyov 12:17, compare Yeshaya 3:2; שֹׁפְטֵי אָרֶץ Yeshaya 40:23 (‖ רוֹזְנִים), Mishlei 8:16 (‖ שׂרים), Tehillim 2:10; Tehillim 148:11 (‖ מלכים); שׁפטינו אשׁר שׁפטונו Daniel 9:12^(×2).

specif. decide controversy, discriminate betw. persons, in civil, political, domestic and religious questions:

of God Tehillim 82:1: שׁ׳ בֵּין … וּבֵין Breishis 16:5 (J; domestic), Shoftim 11:27^(×2); Shmuel Alef 24:13, Shmuel Alef 24:16 (all of war), Yechezkel 34:20 (relig.); c. בֵּין … לְ Yechezkel 34:17, Yechezkel 34:22 (relig.); c. בֵּינֵינוּ Breishis 31:53 (E; domestic), Yeshaya 2:4 = Micha 4:3 (of war); c. בְּ Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:12 (war); with a direct object Melachim Alef 8:32 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 6:23; Koheles 3:17, condemning wicked and justifying righteous Iyov 21:22 (‖ ידע), Iyov 23:7; absolute Shemos 5:21 Iyov 22:13; שׁ׳ צֶדֶק Yirmiya 11:20 Tehillim 9:5; י׳ is שׁוֹפֵט צַדִּיק Tehillim 7:12.

of man, שׁ׳ בֵּין … וּבֵין Shemos 18:16 Bamidbar 35:24 Devarim 1:16 (all civil), Yeshaya 5:3 (relig.); with a direct object Vayikra 19:15 Devarim 25:1 (all civil), Yechezkel 20:4^(×2); Yechezkel 22:2^(×2); Yechezkel 23:36; שׁ׳ מִשְׁפָּט Devarim 16:18; Melachim Alef 3:28 (Sol.); במשׁפטים Yechezkel 44:24, c. ל Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:6; absolute Yechezkel 44:24; Yeshaya 11:3 (king); influenced by bribes Micha 3:11; Micha 7:3; Iyov 9:24; Absalom desires to decide cases as שֹׁפֵט Shmuel Beis 15:4 (implying lack of such in his time); according to Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:5, Divrei HaYamim Beis 19:6 Jehoshaphat set up שׁפטים, appar. for the first as judges in this specific sense; code of Dt recognizes them: הַשֹּׁפֵט declares דְּבַר הַמִּשְׁפָּט Devarim 17:9, Devarim 17:12; Devarim 25:2; שׁפטים + שֹׁטְרִים Devarim 16:18; Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:4; Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:29; Yehoshua 8:33 (+ זְקֵנִים), Yehoshua 23:2; Yehoshua 24:1 (D; both + זקנים, רָאשִׁים), + זקנים only Devarim 21:2; Ezra 10:14, + כֹּהֲנִים; Devarim 19:17, Devarim 19:18, שׂרים Divrei HaYamim Beis 1:2.

execute judgment:

discriminating, of man only, משׁפט אמת Zecharia 7:9, מֵישָׁרִים שׁ׳ Tehillim 58:2 judge uprightly; משׁפט שׁלום Zecharia 8:16, צֶדֶק Mishlei 31:9, עָוֶל Tehillim 82:2.

vindicating, with a direct object: (1) subj. God, יתום Tehillim 10:18, direct object person Tehillim 26:1; Tehillim 43:1; Tehillim 58:12 (read שֹׁפְטָם for שׁפטים), שׁ׳ משׁפט Eicha 3:59; מִיַּד vindicate by delivering from hand of Shmuel Alef 24:16; Shmuel Beis 18:19, Shmuel Beis 18:31; שָׁפְטֵנִי י׳ כְּצִדְקִי Tehillim 7:9; שָׁפְטֵנִי כְּצִדְקְךָ Tehillim 35:24. (2) subj. man, with a direct object יתום Yeshaya 1:17, Yeshaya 1:23; דל(ים) Yeshaya 11:4; Mishlei 29:14 Tehillim 82:3; עניי עם Tehillim 72:4; משׁפט אביונים Yirmiya 5:28.

condemning and punishing, (1) God כְּדַרְכֵי פ׳ direct object to ways of Yechezkel 7:3, Yechezkel 7:8; Yechezkel 18:30; Yechezkel 24:14; Yechezkel 33:20; Yechezkel 36:19; במשׁפטים Yechezkel 7:27; Yechezkel 23:24; משׁפטי נאפות Yechezkel 16:38 (= Yechezkel 23:45 of human judges); with a direct object Shmuel Alef 3:13 Tehillim 51:6 Yeshaya 51:5; Yechezkel 11:10, Yechezkel 11:11; Yechezkel 21:35; Yechezkel 35:11. (2) of man, only שֹׁפְטֵי נַפְשׁוֹ Tehillim 109:31 and Yechezkel 23:45 above, probably also Tehillim 141:6 (corrupt).

at theophanic advent for final judgment: God is שֹׁפֵט Tehillim 50:6; Tehillim 75:8; שׁפט הארץ Tehillim 94:2, with a direct object בא לשׁפט הארץ Tehillim 96:13 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:33, Tehillim 98:9; שׁ׳ הארץ Tehillim 82:8; כל הגוים Yoel 4:12; עמים Tehillim 67:5; תבל Tehillim 9:9; Tehillim 96:13 = Tehillim 98:9; שׁ׳ מישׁרים Tehillim 75:3.

past (עבר) 1st singular נִשְׁפַּטְתִּי Yechezkel 20:36 + 4 times; future (עתיד) 1st singular אִשָּׁפֵט Yechezkel 20:36; אִשָּֽׁפְטָה Shmuel Alef 12:7, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct הִשָּׁפֵט Divrei HaYamim Beis 22:8; with suffix הִשָּֽׁפְטוֹ Tehillim 37:33; Tehillim 109:7; participle (בינוני) נִשְׁפָּט Yeshaya 59:4 + 4 times;—

recipr., (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 51 d), enter into controversy, plead: c. אֵת with, of God Yirmiya 2:35; Yechezkel 17:20 (+ direct object rei) Yechezkel 20:35, Yechezkel 20:36^(×2); Yechezkel 38:22; of man Shmuel Alef 12:7 (+ וְאַגִּידָה לָכֶם Septuagint Wellhausen), Mishlei 29:9; c. עִם, of God Yoel 4:2, of man Divrei HaYamim Beis 22:8; c. ל, of God Yirmiya 25:31; נשׁ׳ יחד Yeshaya 43:26 have controversy together; באשׁ by fire (of God) Yeshaya 66:16; באמונה Yeshaya 59:4.

passive be judged, Tehillim 9:20; Tehillim 37:33; Tehillim 109:7. Pôʿel participle (בינוני) with suffix מְשֹׁפְטִי (doubtful; Hitzig Budde מִשְׁפָּטִי), = my opponent-at-law (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 55 b) Iyov 9:15; + Tzefania 3:15 Tehillim 109:31 Wellhausen and elsewhere

↗ original

שְׁפוֹט

noun (masc.) si vera l. judgment, act of judgment;—absolute שׁ׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:9 (so Septuagint Peshitta, but doubtful); plural שְׁפוּטִים Yechezkel 23:10 (Toy שְׁפָטִים, Co del.).

↗ original

שָׁפָט

proper name (masc.) (he hath judged);—usually Σαφατ[θ]:

father of Elisha Melachim Alef 19:16, Melachim Alef 19:19; Melachim Beis 3:11; Melachim Beis 6:31.

prince of Simeon Bamidbar 13:5.

grandson of Zerub. Divrei HaYamim Alef 3:22.

Gaddite chief Divrei HaYamim Alef 5:12 (Σαβατ, Σαφαμ [ν]).

herdsman of David Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:29 (Σωφαν, A Σωφατ, SeptuagintL Σαφατ).

↗ original

שִׁפְטָן

proper name (masc.) (judgment);—prince of Ephraim Bamidbar 34:24; Σαβαθα(ν), SeptuagintL Σαφαταν.

↗ original

שְׁפִי²

see I. שׁפה.

↗ original

שְׁפִי³

see שְׁפוֹ under I. שׁפה.

↗ original

שָׁפַךְ

verb pour out, pour (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Assyrian šapâku, pour out, especially (Delitzsch^WB Jen^{Kosmol. 41}) earth, to form mound; Arabic سَفَكَ pour out, compare سَبَكَ melt and pour into mould; Ethiopic ሰበከ: Aramaic שְׁפַךְ, ܫܦܰܟ (rare) = Biblical Hebrew);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Melachim Alef 2:31 +; 3rd feminine singular with suffix שְׁפָכַ֫תְהוּ Yechezkel 24:7, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁפֹּךְ Melachim Beis 19:32 +; 2nd masculine singular with suffix 3rd masculine singular תִּשְׁפְּכֶנּוּ Devarim 12:16 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שְׁפוֹךְ Shoftim 6:20 +, שְׁפָךְ־ Tehillim 69:25; fs. שִׁפְכִי Eicha 2:19, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct שְׁפָךְ־ Melachim Alef 18:28 +, לִשְׁפֹּךְ Yeshaya 59:7 +, etc.; participle (בינוני) active שֹׁפֵךְ Breishis 9:6 +, f. שֹׁפֶ֫כֶת Yechezkel 22:3, etc.; passive שָׁפוּךְ Tehillim 79:10, שְׁפוּכָה Yechezkel 20:33, Yechezkel 20:34;—

literally:

pour out, pour water Shemos 4:9 (J; direct object location), Shmuel Alef 7:6 (+ לִפְנֵי י׳, unique, symb. of contrition), עַל־פְּנֵי הָאָרֶץ (subj. י׳) Amos 5:8; Amos 9:6; blood like water (to flow away and be absorbed), עַל־הָאָרֶץ Devarim 12:16, Devarim 12:24; Devarim 15:23, compare Vayikra 17:13 Yechezkel 24:7; also + אֶל location Shemos 29:12; Vayikra 4:7, Vayikra 4:18, Vayikra 4:25, Vayikra 4:30, Vayikra 4:34; + עַל person reflex. Melachim Alef 18:28; pour out broth Shoftim 6:20, libation (נֶסֶךְ, to (ל) false gods) Yeshaya 57:6; dust Vayikra 14:41 (P; אֶל location); with a direct object סֹלְלָה mound (in siege), = make by pouring (earth, orig. from baskets, see especially Assyrian šapâku Delitzsch^{WB 679 b} Jen^{Kosmol. 41}), + עַל־ of city Melachim Beis 19:32 = Yeshaya 37:33; Yirmiya 6:6; Yechezkel 4:2; Yechezkel 26:8, אֶל־ Shmuel Beis 20:15; absolute Yechezkel 17:17; Yechezkel 21:27; Daniel 11:15; וַיִּשׁ׳ מֵעָיו אַרְצָה Shmuel Beis 20:10 (by a sword-thrust in the belly), compare יִשׁ׳ לָאָרֶץ מְרֵרָתִי Iyov 16:13 (metaphorically, י׳ subj.).

techn., direct object; דָּם shed blood Breishis 37:22 Breishis 9:6 Shmuel Alef 25:31; Yechezkel 22:4 + 9 times Ez, + 15 times (passive Tehillim 79:10) + Yechezkel 36:18 (c. עַל־הָאָרֶץ), Divrei HaYamim Alef 22:8 (c. אַ֫רְצָה); direct object דָּמִים †Melachim Alef 2:31; Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:3 Tehillim 79:3 (כַּמַּיִם).

figuratively:

י׳ subj., pour out anger, etc.: עֲלֵיהֶם אֶשׁ׳ כַּמַּיִם עֶבְרָתִי Hoshea 5:10; שׁ׳ חֲמָתִי עַל Yechezkel 14:19 + 8 times Ez, Yirmiya 10:25; Yeshaya 42:25 Tehillim 79:6 (אֶל et עַל); direct object ח׳ om. Yirmiya 6:11; c. ב location Eicha 2:4; ח׳ שְׁפוּכָה Yechezkel 20:33, Yechezkel 20:34; direct object חֲרוֹן אַפּוֹ Eicha 4:11; direct object זַעַם (עַל person) Yechezkel 21:36 + 3 times; direct object בּוּזּ contempt, עַל person, Iyov 12:21 = Tehillim 107:40; pour their own wickedness עֲלֵיהֶם Yirmiya 14:16 (that is requite it); pour out רוּחִי עַל Yechezkel 39:29, compare Zecharia 12:10; Yoel 3:1, Yoel 3:2.

hum. subj. pour out one’s heart, etc., כַּמַּיִם לִבֵּךְ Eicha 2:19, לְפָנָיו לְבַבְכֶם Tehillim 62:9 (that is bef. י׳), אֶת־נַפְשִׁי לִפְנֵי י׳ Shmuel Alef 1:15, עָלַי (reflex.; see עַל 1 d) Tehillim 42:5; אֶת־שִׂיחוֹ לִפְנֵי י׳ Tehillim 102:1 (title), compare Tehillim 142:3; in bad sense, וַתִּשְׁפְּכִי אֶת־תַּזְנוּתַיִךְ עַל־ Yechezkel 16:15, compare Yechezkel 23:8.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִשְׁפַּךְ Eicha 2:11, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשָּׁפֵךְ Breishis 9:6 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct הִשָּׁפֵךְ Yechezkel 16:36;—be poured out: of ashes Melachim Alef 13:3, Melachim Alef 13:5, blood (עַל location) Devarim 12:27; be shed, of blood Breishis 9:6 Devarim 19:10; in figuratively Eicha 2:11 my liver is poured לָאָרֶץ (compare Qal 1 a ad fin.); Tehillim 22:15 I am poured out like water (nerveless, helpless); subj. נְּחֻשְׁתֵּךְ Yechezkel 16:36 (see ii. [נְחשֶׁת]; compare v Yechezkel 16:15 Qal 2 b).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular consec. וְשֻׁפַּךְ Tzefania 1:17 be poured out כֶּעָפָר, of blood; שֻׁפַּךְ Bamidbar 35:33 be shed, of blood; 3rd feminine singular שֻׁפְּכָה Tehillim 73:2 Kesiv my steps were caused to slip (Keri שֻׁפְּכוּ).

future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular עָלַי תִּשְׁתַּפֵּךְ נַפְשִׁי Iyov 30:16 my soul pours itself out upon me; 3rd feminine plural תִּשְׁתַּפֵּ֫כְנָה אַבְנֵי־קֹדֶשׁ (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 54 k) Eicha 4:1 figuratively of slaughter; infinitive (מקור) construct בְּהִשְׁתַּפֵּךְ נַפְשָׁם אֶל־חֵיק אִמֹּתָם Eicha 2:12, that is they expire.

↗ original

שֶׁ֫פֶךְ

n.[m.] place of pouring;—construct שׁ׳ הַדֶּשֶׁן Vayikra 4:12^(×2).

↗ original

שָׁפְכָה

noun (fem.) male organ (as fluid-duct);—absolute כְּרוּת שׁ׳ Devarim 23:2 (‖ פְּצוּעַ־דַּכָּה).

↗ original

שָׁפֵל

verb be or become low, be abased (Mishnaic Hebrew, der. spec.; Assyrian šapâlu, der. spec. and deriv.; Sabean ספל n. humility or lowland D.H. Müller^{xxix (1875), 604}; Arabic سَفِلَ, سَفُلَ, سَفَلَ be low (Lagarde^{BN 48}); Aramaic שְׁפַל, ܫܦܰܠ (der. spec.));—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Yeshaya 2:11; 2nd feminine singular וְשָׁפַלְתְּ Yeshaya 29:4, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיִּשְׁפַּל Yeshaya 2:9; Yeshaya 5:15; 3rd feminine plural תִּשְׁפַּלְנָה Yeshaya 5:15, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct שְׁפַל Koheles 12:4; Mishlei 16:19, see below;—

all Is: become (be brought, laid) low, of trees Yeshaya 10:33 (‖ גְּדֻעִים), mts. Yeshaya 40:4 (opposite נִשָּׂא), of כָּל־נִשָּׂא Yeshaya 2:12 (but read, for שׁ׳, נִשְׂגָּב [Kohler], or גָּבֹהַּ [Lagarde], so Duhm Cheyne^Haupt. Dillmann-Kittel Marti); figuratively be humiliated, of man Yeshaya 2:9; Yeshaya 5:15, his loftiness Yeshaya 2:17, haughty eyes v Yeshaya 2:11 (all ‖ שָׁחַח), Yeshaya 5:15; of city Yeshaya 32:19; as helping verb (= adverb) וְשׁ׳ מֵאֶרֶץ תְּדַבֵּ֑רִי Yeshaya 29:4 thou shalt speak low out of the ground (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 120 g; ‖ מֵעָפָר תִּשַּׁח אִמְרָתֵךְ).

שְׁפַל־רוּחַ Mishlei 16:19 to be lowly of spirit, so Buhl Siegfried-Stade Toy and elsewhere; Gesenius' Thesaurus RobGes. and elsewhere under שָׁפָל.

of sound Koheles 12:4.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִשְׁפִּיל Yeshaya 25:12, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַשְׁפִּיל Tehillim 75:8, with suffix יַשְׁפִּילֶנָּה יַשְׁפִּילָהּ Yeshaya 26:5 (but 2nd verb probably doublet), etc.; imperative (ציווי) mpl. (with suffix) (הַשְׁפִּילֵ הוּ Iyov 40:11 Yirmiya 13:18; infinitive (מקור) construct with suffix הַשְׁפִּילְךָ Mishlei 25:7 (Yechezkel 21:31 read absolute הַשְׁפֵּיל, ‖ הַגְבֵּהַּ, so Co Krae Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 113 bb R. 3); participle (בינוני) מַשְׁפִּיל Shmuel Alef 2:7 Tehillim 147:6; מַשְׁפִּילִי (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 90 l) Tehillim 113:6;—

usually figuratively, י׳ subj., lay low, tree Yechezkel 17:24 (opposite הִגְבַּהְתִּי); city Yeshaya 26:5 (‖ הֵשַׁח); fortress Yeshaya 25:12 (+ הֵשַׁח; Duhm thinks doublet of Yeshaya 26:5); humiliate pride v Yeshaya 26:11; Yeshaya 13:11, compare Iyov 40:11; object עֵינַיִם רָמוֹת Tehillim 18:28, so read also ‖ Shmuel Beis 22:28, י׳מַשׁ׳אַף־מְרוֹמֵם Shmuel Alef 2:7, רְשָׁעִים Tehillim 147:6; זֶה יַשׁ׳ וְזֶה יָרִים Tehillim 75:8, compare Yechezkel 21:31.

hum. subj. set one in a lower place Mishlei 25:7; subj. hum. pride Mishlei 29:23; declar. Yeshaya 57:9 thou didst shew abasement עַד־שְׁאוֹל.

as helping verb: + verb coöread, הַשׁ׳ שֵׁ֑בוּ Yirmiya 13:18 make low, sit down = take a low seat (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 120 g); + inf. מַשׁ׳ לִרְאוֹת Tehillim 113:6 he who maketh low to look upon heaven and earth (that is י׳; ‖ הַמַּגְבִּיהִי לָשָׁ֑בֶת v Tehillim 113:5; Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 114n).—הִשְׁפִּילוּ וַתֹּאמֶר גֵּוָ֑ה Iyov 22:29 is doubtful; ‖ יוֹשִׁעַ favours אֱלוֹהַּ as subj., which Budde conjunction for וַתֹּא׳, read then הִשְׁפִּיל, א׳ hath abased pride, so (in part) Duhm; > they cast (thee) down (Revised Version); men are cast down (הִשׁ׳ intrans.; Authorized Version, compare Lagarde^{BN 121}); (thy ways) are brought low (Ewald De Dillmann).

↗ original

שָׁפָל

adjective low;—absolute שׁ׳ Shmuel Beis 6:22 +, construct שְׁפַל Mishlei 29:23 +; fs. שְׁפָלָה Yechezkel 17:14 +, construct שִׁפְלַת v Yechezkel 17:6; plural שְׁפָלִים Iyov 5:11;—

low, in height, of vine Yechezkel 17:6, tree v Yechezkel 17:24 (opposite גָּבֹהַּ); שׁ׳ מִן־הָעוֹר Vayikra 13:20 lower (deeper) than the skin (around it), so v Vayikra 13:21, Vayikra 13:26, compare Vayikra 14:37.

of a modest, unambitious kingdom Yechezkel 17:14; Yechezkel 29:14, Yechezkel 29:15; low in station Iyov 5:11 (opposite שָֽׂגְבוּ), Yechezkel 21:31 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 90 f; read הַשְּׁפָלָה֣).

humiliated, שׁ׳ בְּעֵינָ֑י Shmuel Beis 6:22; plural Malachi 2:9 (‖ נִבְזִים).

lowly, as noun Tehillim 138:6 (opposite גָּבֹהַּ), רוּחַ שְׁפָלִים Yeshaya 57:15 (‖ נִדְכָּאִים); שְׁפַל רוּחַ v Yeshaya 57:15, Mishlei 29:23 (opposite גַּאֲוַת אָדָם), + Mishlei 16:19 Gesenius' Thesaurus and elsewhere (but see √ Qal 2).

↗ original

שָׁפָן

noun (masc.) ^{Vayikra 11:5} rock-badger, hyrax syriacus, Authorized Version Revised Version coney;—absolute שׁ׳ Devarim 14:7 = Vayikra 11:5 (P; unclean animal); living in rocks, plural שְׁפַנִּים Tehillim 104:18 Mishlei 30:26.—Vid. Robinson^{BR iii. 66, 387} Tr^{NHB 75; FFP 1, and Pl. 1} Driver Dt Post^{Hast. DB coney} McLean-Shipley^{Ency. Bib. the same}.

↗ original

שָׁפָן²

proper name (masc.) Σαφ(φ)αν:

secretary (הַסֹּפֵר) under Josiah Melachim Beis 22:3, Melachim Beis 22:8^(×2), Melachim Beis 22:9, Melachim Beis 22:10^(×2), Melachim Beis 22:12, Melachim Beis 22:14; Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:8, Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:15^(×2), Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:16, Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:18^(×2), Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:20.

father of אֲחִיקָם, contemp. of 1 (improb. = 1): Melachim Beis 22:12; Melachim Beis 25:22; Yirmiya 26:24; Yirmiya 39:14; Yirmiya 40:5, Yirmiya 40:9, Yirmiya 40:11; Yirmiya 41:2; Yirmiya 43:6; Divrei HaYamim Beis 34:20.

father of אֶלְעָשָׂה Yirmiya 29:3, perhaps = 2.

father of גְּמַרְיָ֫הוּ Yirmiya 36:10 (called הַסֹּפֵר), v Yirmiya 29:11, Yirmiya 29:12, perhaps = 1.

father of יַאֲזַנְיָ֫הוּ Yechezkel 8:11, possibly = 1.

↗ original

שֶׁ֫פַע

n.[m.] abundance;—construct שׁ׳ Devarim 33:19.

↗ original

שִׁפְעָה

noun (fem.) abundance, quantity;—appar. absolute שִׁפְעַת Melachim Beis 9:17, a multitude (of men), (Bur שִׁפְעָה, or שִׁפְעַת אֲנָשִׁים as Klostermann Benzinger and elsewhere; > Septuagint (Vaticanus) Kittel עָפָר); construct שִׁפְעַת יֵהוּא v Melachim Beis 9:17 Jehu’s multitude; construct, of horses Yechezkel 26:10, camels Yeshaya 60:6; of waters Iyov 22:11; Iyov 38:34.

↗ original

שִׁפְעִי

proper name (masc.) in Simeon Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:37; Σεφει, SeptuagintL Σωφει.

↗ original

שְׁפִיפֹן

n.[m.] horned snake, Septuagint κεράστης (Arabic سِفٌّ, سُفٌ Freytag);—absolute שׁ׳ Breishis 49:17 (‖ נָחָשׁ); = cerastes cornutus or Hasselquistii, compare Tr^{NHB 273} Post^{Hast. DB iv. 457 f.} McLean-Shipley^{Ency. Bib. iv. 4393} Driver^{ad location}—שְׁפוּפָם, שְׁפוּפָן vid. s.see

↗ original

שָׁפַר

verb be beautiful, fair, comely (Arabic سَفَرَ remove veil (of women), shine; Aramaic שְׁפַר be pleasing (see Daniel 6:2), ܫܦܰܪ be beautiful, bright, pleasing, ܫܰܦܺܝܪ beautiful);—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular שָֽׁפְרָה עָלָ֑י (Aramaic) Tehillim 16:6 (the) heritage is beautiful for (pleasing to) me (see עַל II. 8).

↗ original

שֶׁ֫פֶר

n. m. beauty, goodliness;—absolute אִמְרֵי־שָׁ֑פֶר Breishis 49:21 (see אֹמֶר, אָמִיר).

↗ original

שֶׁ֫פֶר²

proper namemont. as a station in wilderness;—הַר־שָׁ֑פֶר Bamidbar 33:23, Bamidbar 33:24; Σαφαρ.

↗ original

שִׁפְרָה

noun (fem.) fairness, clearness, of sky;—absolute שׁ׳ Iyov 26:13 by his breath the sky becomes fair(ness), see especially De Dillmann Budde Duhm; > Cheyne^{JQ 1897, 578} (after Septuagint) בְּרִיחֵי שָׁמַיִם סֹגֵר הוּא.

↗ original

שִׁפְרָה²

proper namef. Hebrew midwife, Shemos 1:15; Σεπφωρα (compare Lagarde^{BN 90}).

↗ original

שָׁפִיר

proper name (place) in Philist. plain, Micha 1:11 (= שָׁמִיר Yehoshua 15:48?); Septuagint καλῶς (!).

↗ original

שָׁפַת²

see II. שׁפה.

↗ original

שְׁפַתַּ֫יִם²

n.[m.]dual doubtful word: usually hook-shaped pegs, hooks, so Targum Gesenius' Thesaurus Authorized Version Revised Version; absolute וְהַשּׁ׳ Yechezkel 40:43; < Peshitta Vulgate Co וּשְׂפָתָם and their edge, so Aq Theod Symm and probably Septuagint, compare Hitzig-Smend, and Krae (וּשְׂפַת).—i. שׁ׳ see √ שׁפה.

↗ original

שָׁקַד

verb watch, wake (Phoenician שקד be circumspect; Mishnaic Hebrew שָׁקַד be insistent; Targum שְׁקֵד = Biblical Hebrew);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Tehillim 127:1, שָׁקַ֫דְתִּי Yirmiya 31:28 Tehillim 102:8; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁק֑וֹד Iyov 21:32 (Me Budde יִשְׁקֹ֑דוּ), וַיִּשְׁקֹד Daniel 9:14, 1st singular אֶשְׁקֹד Yirmiya 31:28; imperative (ציווי) mpl. שִׁקְדוּ Ezra 8:29; infinitive (מקור) construct לִשְׁקֹד Mishlei 8:34; participle (בינוני) active שֹׁקֵד Yirmiya 1:12 +; plural construct שֹׁקְדֵי Yeshaya 29:20;—

keep watch of, be wakeful over, י׳ subj., עַל person, to benefit or injure Yirmiya 31:28^(×2); Yirmiya 44:27; עַל rei, to perform it Yirmiya 1:12; Daniel 9:14; so (men subj.) שֹׁקְדֵי אָוֶן Yeshaya 29:20; of leopard watching עַל־עָרֵיהֶם Yirmiya 5:6 (to seize prey, figuratively); of man watching (for admission) at (עַל) wisdom’s doors Mishlei 8:34 (‖ שָׁמַר); = keep guard over (עַל) Iyov 21:32, compare (absolute) שׁ׳ וְשִׁמְרוּ Ezra 8:29, and (of watchman, שֹׁמֵר) Tehillim 127:1.

be wakeful, wake, as mourner, sufferer Tehillim 102:8.—Eicha 1:14 read perhaps

past (עבר) נִשְׁקַד עַל־פְּשָׁעַי (Septuagint Budde) watch has been kept over my transgressions (compare 1 supra), for Masoretic Text נִשְׂקַד עֹל פ׳.—

denom. see infra.

↗ original

שָׁקֵד

n.[m.] almond(-tree) (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; so called from its early waking out of winter’s sleep, according to Ki Gesenius' Thesaurus Lagarde^{BN 45} and elsewhere; Aramaic שִׁיגְדָּא, ܫܶܓܕܳܐ, ܫܶܓܕܬܳܐ, whence Ethiopic ሰግድ: compare Noldeke^{M 39}; compare Löw^{Noldeke. 319});—

almond, that is the nut, plural שְׁקֵדִים Breishis 43:11 (J; + בָּטְנִים, etc.), Bamidbar 17:23.

almond-tree Yirmiya 1:11 and (probably) Koheles 12:5.

↗ original

שָׁקַד²

verb

denom.—only participle (בינוני) plural in גְּבִעִים מְשֻׁקָּדִים cups shaped like almond (blossoms) Shemos 25:33^(×2), Shemos 25:34; Shemos 37:19^(×2), Shemos 37:20 (all P).

↗ original

שָׁקָה

verb

cause to drink water, give to drink (Mishnaic Hebrew Hiph. the same; Arabic سَقَى i. give to drink; Sabean סקי be irrigated Fell ^{ZMG liv (1900), 246}, מסקי drinks Hom ^{Chr 124}, מסתקין the same D.H. Müller ^{Hofmus., Noldeke. 1, 1.7}; Ethiopic ሰቀየ: water, irrigate; Assyrian šaḳû i. = Hebrew Hiph., Aramaic שְׁקָא, ܫܩܳܐ Aph.);—for

see I. שָׁתָה;—past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular consec. וְהִשְׁקָה Breishis 2:6 +, with suffix וְהִשְׁקָהּ Bamidbar 5:27; 2nd masculine singular consec. וְהִשְׁקִיתָ Bamidbar 20:8 +; 1st singular consec. וְהִשְׁקֵיתִי Yechezkel 32:6, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַשְׁקֶה Bamidbar 5:26, וַיַּשְׁקְ Breishis 29:10 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. with suffix הַשְׁקֵ֫הוּ Mishlei 25:21; fs. with suffix הַשְׁקִ֫ינִי Breishis 24:43 +; infinitive (מקור) construct הַשְׁקוֹת Breishis 2:10 +, with suffix הַשְׁקֹתוֹ Breishis 24:19; participle (בינוני) מַשְׁקֶה Tehillim 104:13, construct Chavakuk 2:15 (see also i., ii. מַשְׁקֶה);—

irrigate, ground: subj. man Devarim 11:10, mist Breishis 2:6, river v Breishis 2:10 (both J), spring Yoel 4:18; subj. י׳ Yeshaya 27:3 (כֶּרֶם), Yechezkel 17:7 (גֶּפֶן), both in figuratively, figuratively also Yechezkel 32:6 water land מִדָּם; literally c. מִן of source Tehillim 104:13 (הָרִים) and (subj. man) Koheles 2:6 (יַעַר).

water, give drink to, usually human subj., direct object of beast, Breishis 24:14, Breishis 24:46^(×2); Breishis 29:2 (מִן of source), v Breishis 29:3, Breishis 29:7, Breishis 29:8, Breishis 29:10 Shemos 2:16, Shemos 2:17, Shemos 2:19 (all J), Tehillim 104:11 (subj. springs); direct object person Breishis 21:19, Breishis 24:18, Breishis 24:19, Breishis 24:45, Chavakuk 2:15 (figuratively), Yeshaya 43:20 (י׳ subj.), Tehillim 78:15 (the same), Divrei HaYamim Beis 28:15, c. ב of vessel Esther 1:7; with a direct object person et animal. Bamidbar 20:8; give one something to drink, direct object person + rei (water, wine, etc.), Amos 2:12; Breishis 19:32, Breishis 19:33, Breishis 19:34, Breishis 19:35; Breishis 24:43; Bamidbar 5:24, Bamidbar 5:26; Shoftim 4:19 Shmuel Alef 30:11; Shmuel Beis 23:15 = Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:15; Iyov 22:7, compare Shir HaShirim 8:2 (מִיַּיִן); figuratively Yirmiya 8:14; Yirmiya 9:14; Yirmiya 16:7; Yirmiya 23:15; Yirmiya 25:15 Tehillim 69:22, compare וְנַחַל עֲדָנֶיךָ תַשְׁקֵם Tehillim 36:9, and וַתַּשְׁקֵ֫מוֹ בִּדְמָעוֹת Tehillim 80:6; direct object rei om., literally Shoftim 4:19; Shemos 32:20, figuratively Yirmiya 25:17.—Vid. also i. מַשְׁקֶה infra.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וּמֹחַ עַצְמוֹתָיו יְשֻׁקֶּה Iyov 21:24 the marrow of his bones is watered, (refreshed, invigorated).—נשׁקה Amos 8:8 see שׁקע.

↗ original

שָׁקַט

verb be quiet, undisturbed (Targum שְׁקַט (rare); Mishnaic Hebrew שׁקט is sink down; Arabic سَقَطَ is drop down);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular consec. וְשׁ׳ Yirmiya 30:10; Yirmiya 46:27, 3rd feminine singular שָֽׁקְטָה Yehoshua 11:23 +, שָׁקָ֑טָה Melachim Beis 11:20 +; 1st singular שָׁקַ֫טְתִּי Iyov 3:26, וְשָׁקַטְתִּ֫י Yechezkel 16:42; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁקֹט Rus 3:18; 2nd feminine singular תְּשְׁקֹ֑טִי Yirmiya 47:6, Yirmiya 47:7; 1st singular אֶשְׁקוֹט Yeshaya 62:1; Iyov 3:13, אשׁקוטה Yeshaya 18:4 Kesiv, Keri אֶשָׁקֳטָה (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) §§ 10h, 48c); participle (בינוני) שֹׁקֵט Shoftim 18:7 +, fs. שֹׁקֶ֫טֶת Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:40, שֹׁקָ֑טֶת Zecharia 1:11; plural הַשֹּׁקְטִים Yechezkel 38:11;—be quiet, undisturbed:

of land, at peace, absolute Shoftim 3:11, Shoftim 3:30; Shoftim 5:31; Shoftim 8:28; Yeshaya 14:7 (+ נָ֫חָה), Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:23; Divrei HaYamim Beis 14:5; + מִמִּלְחָמָה Yehoshua 11:23; Yehoshua 14:15, compare v Yehoshua 14:5; וּשְׁלֵוָה וְשׁ׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 4:40; of earth Tehillim 76:9 Zecharia 1:11 (ישֶׁבֶת ושׁ׳); absolute of city Melachim Beis 11:20 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:21, kingdom Divrei HaYamim Beis 20:30, + לִפְנֵי person Divrei HaYamim Beis 14:4; of people, שׁ׳ וּבֹטֵחַ in peace and security Shoftim 18:7, Shoftim 18:27, הַשֹּׁקְטִים ישְׁבֵי לָבֶ֑טַח Yechezkel 38:11; + שַׁאֲנַן Yirmiya 30:10 = Yirmiya 46:27; of Moab, שַׁאֲנַן … וְשֹׁקִט אֶל־שְׁמָרָיו Yirmiya 48:11 undisturbed upon its less (figuratively of wine); of Job, quiet in death Iyov 3:13, be at rest (from apprehensions of evil) v Iyov 3:26 (+ שָׁלַוְתִּי, נָחְ֑תִּי).

be quiet, inactive: of י׳ + וְאַבִּיטָה Yeshaya 18:4 I will be quiet and gaze, that is gaze as an inactive spectator, Tehillim 83:2 (‖ דמה, חרשׁ be silent); = be pacified Yechezkel 16:42; of sword of י׳ Yirmiya 47:6, Yirmiya 47:7; of Boaz Rus 3:18 he will not be quiet until he has finished the matter; of prophet Yeshaya 62:1 (‖ חָשָׁה be silent).

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַשְׁקִיט Mishlei 15:18, יַשְׁקִט Iyov 34:29; imperative (ציווי) ms. הַשְׁקֵט Yeshaya 7:4; infinitive (מקור) absolute חַשְׁקֵט Yeshaya 32:17 +; construct הַשְׁקִיט Tehillim 94:13, -קִט Iyov 37:17, -קֵט Yeshaya 57:20; Yirmiya 49:23;—

shew quietness (inner causat.), of men Yeshaya 7:4 (+ אַל־תִּירָא), of sea Yeshaya 57:20 = Yirmiya 49:23, earth Iyov 37:17 (+ מִדָּרוֹם); hence infinitive (מקור) absolute = noun, quietness, display of quietness Yeshaya 30:15, עֲבֹדַת הַצְּדָקָה הַשְׁקֵט וָבֶ֫טַח Yeshaya 32:17 the product of righteousness is quietness and security (Duhm Cheyne^Haupt Marti del. הַצּ׳ as dittogr. from v a, read הַמִּשְׁפָּט for הַשְׁקֵט, and del. וָ: the product of justice is security); (presumptuous) security, שַׁלְוַת הַשְׁקֵט Yechezkel 16:49 (of Sodom).

cause quietness: subj. י׳ Iyov 34:29, לְהַשְׁקִיט לוֹ מִימֵי רָ֑ע Tehillim 94:13; pacify, allay, object רִיב Mishlei 15:18.

↗ original

שָׁקַל

verb weigh (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic ثَقُلَ be heavy, ثِقَلٌ heaviness, weight, ثَقَلٌ load, Old Aramaic תקל weigh, Aramaic תְּקַל, ܬܩܰܠ (weigh), pay, תִּקְלָא shekel, but also (Old Aramaic Zinj.) שקל, שקלן Lidzbarski³⁸²; ܫܩܰܠ lift up; Assyrian šaḳâlu, weigh, šiḳlu (appar.) = שֶׁקֶל; Ethiopic ሰቀለ: hang up, weigh; Phoenician משקל weight; compare Frä²⁰², also Gk. σίγλος (Septuagint σίκλος), Lagarde^{M ii.357} Lewy^Fremdw.118f.;—on connex. of meanings compare weigh trans. and intrans. = Germ. wägen, wiegen, also heave, heavy, heft (= weight, obs. or colloq.));—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Shmuel Beis 14:26; Yeshaya 40:12; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁקֹל Shemos 22:16, with suffix יִשְׁקְלֵ֫נִי Iyov 31:6, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׁקוֹל Iyov 6:2; construct לִשְׁקוֹל Esther 4:7; participle (בינוני) active שֹׁקֵל Yeshaya 33:18; Shmuel Beis 18:12 read perhaps שָׁקֻל, see below;

weigh, human subj. Yeshaya 33:18, direct object rei Shmuel Beis 14:26; Yeshaya 46:6 (ב of scale); figuratively, י׳ subj. Yeshaya 40:12, also (direct object person) Iyov 31:6 (both c. ב of scale); compare infinitive (מקור) absolute under Niph.; weigh precious metals intrusted to one, ל person Ezra 8:25, עַל־יָדָם v Ezra 8:26, direct object rei om. v Ezra 8:29 (לִפְנֵי of superior).

weigh out a price (that is pay): direct object of silver Shemos 22:16, Melachim Alef 20:39 Zecharia 11:12 Yirmiya 32:10 (ב of scale), Yeshaya 55:2 (c. ב, in exchange for); + ל person Yirmiya 32:9; Breishis 23:16; + עַל־כַּפַּי Shmuel Beis 18:12 (read perhaps שָׁקֻל, so Wellhausen Kittel^Kau Budde Buhl), עַל־יְדֵי פ׳ Esther 3:9, עַל־גִּנְזֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ Esther 4:7.

be weighed:

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִשְׁקַל, subj. rei Ezra 8:33 (passive of Qal v Ezra 8:25); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular figuratively (+ Qal infinitive (מקור) absolute), לוּ שָׁקוֹל יִשָּׁקֵל כַּעְשִׂי Iyov 6:2.

be weighed out, as price, Iyov 28:15.

↗ original

שֶׁ֫קֶל

noun (masc.) Vayikra 27:6 a weight, shekel (orig. = weight; late Hebrew = coin GACooke ^Inscr.356);—absolute שׁ׳ Amos 8:5 +, שָׁ֑קֶל Shemos 38:29 +; plural שְׁקָלִים Yehoshua 7:21 +; construct שִׁקְלֵי Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:25;—shekel, as standard weight Amos 8:5; of weight of bronze armour Shmuel Alef 17:5, iron spear-head v Shmuel Alef 17:7, + Shmuel Beis 21:16 (see מִשְׁקָל), hair Shmuel Beis 14:26, food Yechezkel 4:10; implying value, of wedge of gold Yehoshua 7:21; of nails in temple (gold) Divrei HaYamim Beis 3:9; usually a definite weight of silver (used in payment or valuation) Shemos 21:32, Yehoshua 7:21, Shmuel Alef 9:8; Shmuel Beis 24:24; Melachim Beis 7:1^(×2), Melachim Beis 7:16^(×2), Melachim Beis 7:18^(×2); Melachim Beis 15:20; Yirmiya 32:9; Yechezkel 45:12^(×2) (see infra), and (= coin, from time of Darius I) Nechemia 5:15; Nechemia 10:33; Vayikra 5:15; Vayikra 27:3, Vayikra 27:4, Vayikra 27:5^(×2) (all P), + 53 times P; also מַחֲצִית הַשּׁ׳ Shemos 30:13^(×2), Shemos 30:15; Shemos 38:26 (= בֶּקַע), all half-shekel, atonement-money; compare שְׁלִישִׁית הַשּׁ׳ Nechemia 10:33 one-third; also רֶבַע שׁ׳ Shmuel Alef 9:8 one-fourth of shekel; שׁ׳ = Shmuel Alef 9:20 גֵּרָה (ג׳ otherwise unknown) Yechezkel 45:12; Shemos 30:13; Vayikra 27:25; Bamidbar 3:47; Bamidbar 3:50 שׁ׳ = one maneh Yechezkel 45:12 (read וַחֲמִשִּׁים for וחמשׁה [and עֶשְׂרֵה for עֲשָׂרָה preceding], Septuagint (Alexandrinus) Boeckh Hitzig-Smend Co Toy Davidson Krae Berthol); שׁ׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Shemos 30:13, Shemos 30:24; Vayikra 5:15; Bamidbar 3:47, Bamidbar 3:50; Bamidbar 7:13 + 21 times P; land estimated in שׁ׳ of gold Divrei HaYamim Alef 21:25; שׂ׳ also often om. after num.—שׁ׳ was of two standards, one one-half the other; actual weights (and values) varied, but most persistent were: (1) gold, 252 2/3 gr. Troy (or 126 1/3), mod. equiv. c. £2 1 s., or $10; (2) silver, 224 1/2 gr. (nearly 1/2 oz.) = שׁ׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ (see supra), or 112 1/4, mod. equiv. c. 2 s. 9d., or 67 c.; שׁ׳ בְּאֶבֶן הַמֶּלֶךְ Shmuel Beis 14:26 is doubtful; if late (Budde H.P. Smith Löhr Nowack) it probably ref. to a Babylonian or Pers. scale (compare S-C^Pap באבני מלבא often); 60 (or 50) שׁ׳ = 1 mina, 60 minas = 1 talent (see מָנֶה, כִּכָּר). Vid. especially ARSKennedy^Hast. ^{DB weights and measures, and money}.

↗ original

שֶׁ֫קֶף

n. [m.] frame-work, casing of doors (compare Mishnaic Hebrew שְׁקוּף lintel, Aramaic שְׁקוֹף, שַׁקְפָא threshold);—שָׁ֑קֶף Melachim Alef 7:5.

↗ original

שֶׁ֫קֶץ

noun (masc.) ^{Vayikra 7:21} detestation, detestable thing;—שׁ׳ of the ceremonially unclean Vayikra 7:21; creatures forbidden as food: water animals without fins or scales Vayikra 11:10, Vayikra 11:11, Vayikra 11:12, birds of prey, etc., v Vayikra 11:13, winged creeping things v Vayikra 11:20, Vayikra 11:23, creeping vermin v Vayikra 11:41, Vayikra 11:42 (all P), compare Yeshaya 66:17 (+ בְּשַׂר הַחֲזִיר, הָעַכְבָּר); see Robertson Smith^{Sem. i. 275, 2nd ed. 293; K 309 f., 2nd ed. 311 f.}—Yechezkel 8:10 read probably שִׁקּוּצִים, see שִׁקּוּץ.

↗ original

שִׁקֵּץ

verb

denom. detest, make detestable;—past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שִׁקַּץ Tehillim 22:25; future (עתיד) 2nd masculine plural תְּשַׁקְּצוּ Vayikra 11:13 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute שַׁקֵּץ Devarim 7:26;—

detest, with a direct object rei Devarim 7:26 (future (עתיד) + infinitive (מקור) absolute; ‖ תַּעֵב תְּתַעֲבֶנּוּ), Vayikra 11:11, Vayikra 11:13; ‖ בָּזָה Tehillim 22:25.

make detestable, object נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם (= reflex.) Vayikra 11:43, Vayikra 20:25.

↗ original

שִׁקּוּץ

noun (masc.) ^{Daniel 11:31} detested thing;—absolute שִׁקּוּץ Daniel 11:31; Daniel 12:11, construct שִׁקֻּץ Melachim Alef 11:5 +; plural שִׁקּוּצִים Divrei HaYamim Beis 15:8, שִׁקֻּצִים Melachim Beis 23:24; construct שִׁקּוּצֵי Yechezkel 20:7, Yechezkel 20:8; with suffix שִׁקּוּצֵיהֶם Yirmiya 16:18 +, etc.—detested thing, epith. of Isr. Hoshea 9:10 (si vera l.; not elsewhere bef. Dt); of filth Nachum 3:6; appar. of unclean food Zecharia 9:7 (as שֶׁקֶץ); of idols (often ‖ תּוֹעֵבָה, גִּלּוּל, etc.), Devarim 29:16; Melachim Beis 23:13, Melachim Beis 23:24; Yeshaya 66:3; Yirmiya 4:1; Yirmiya 7:30 = Yirmiya 32:34; Yirmiya 13:27; Yirmiya 16:18; Yechezkel 5:11; Yechezkel 7:20; Yechezkel 11:18, Yechezkel 11:21; Yechezkel 20:7, Yechezkel 20:8, Yechezkel 20:30; Yechezkel 37:23; of idolatrous practices Daniel 9:27, but read probably as Daniel 11:31 (so Septuagint Θ), and כַּנּוֹ for כנף (see Driver); שׁ׳ (םְ)שֹׁמֵם Daniel 11:31; Daniel 12:11 detested thing causing horror is the heathen altar erected in temple by Ant. Epiph., with (probably) a statue of Zeus Olympios = (Phoenician) בעלשמם lord of heaven; the prophet puts שִׁקּוּץ for בעל, and (םְ)שֹׁמֵם) for שָׁמַיִם; compare Nestle^{journal ZAW iv (1884), 248} Cheyne^{OP 105} Driver Dn.

↗ original

שֶׁ֫קֶר

noun (masc.) deception, disappointment, falsehood;—שׁ׳ Shemos 23:7 + 64 times; שָׁ֑קֶר Shemos 5:9 + 42 times; plural שְׁקָרִים Tehillim 101:7 + 3 times; with suffix שִׁקְרֵיהֶם Yirmiya 23:32;—

deception,what deceives, disappoints, and betrays one: a molten image Yirmiya 10:14 = Yirmiya 51:17; gift Mishlei 25:14; grace of person Mishlei 31:30, etc.; אֹ֫רַח שׁ׳ Tehillim 119:104, Tehillim 119:128; דֶּ֫רֶךְ שׁ׳ v Tehillim 119:29; בטח בשׁ׳ Yirmiya 13:25; נחל שׁ׳ Yirmiya 16:19, compare also Tehillim 7:15; Tehillim 33:17; Tehillim 119:118; Yeshaya 28:15; לַשֶּׁקֶר for disappointment, in vain Shmuel Alef 25:21; Yirmiya 3:23.

deceit, fraud, wrong: (ל)שׁ׳ עשׂה do or practise fraud, wrong Hoshea 7:1; Yirmiya 6:13; Yirmiya 8:9, Yirmiya 8:10; c. בְ, Shmuel Beis 18:13; פְּעֻלַּת שׁ׳ Mishlei 11:18; לֶ֫חֶם שׁ׳ Mishlei 20:17 food got by fraud; זֶ֫רַע שׁ׳ Yeshaya 57:4; עֵט שׁ׳ Yirmiya 8:8; ילד שׁ׳ Tehillim 7:15 (‖ עמל); דרךְ לשׁון קשׁת שׁ׳ Yirmiya 9:2; בְּשׁ׳ Yirmiya 3:10 (‖ בגד), adverb שׁקר fraudulently, wrongfully Tehillim 35:19; Tehillim 38:20; Tehillim 69:5; Tehillim 119:78, Tehillim 119:86.

injurious falsehood, in testimony, especially in courts: עֵד שֶׁקֶר Shemos 20:13 Devarim 19:18 Tehillim 27:12 Mishlei 6:19; Mishlei 14:5; Mishlei 25:18; עֵד שׁקרים Mishlei 12:17; Mishlei 19:5, Mishlei 19:9; ענה שׁ׳ Devarim 19:18 testify falsehood; שְׁבֻעַת שׁ׳ Zecharia 8:17 false oath; נשׁבע לשׁ׳ swear falsely Yirmiya 5:2 + 5 times; נשׁבע על שׁ׳ Vayikra 5:22; דבּר שׁ׳ Micha 6:12 + (see [דָּבַר], דָּבָר); אִמְרֵי שׁ׳ Yeshaya 32:7; שׁ׳ שׂפת(י) Tehillim 31:19; Tehillim 120:2; Mishlei 10:18; Mishlei 17:7; טפל שׁ׳ Iyov 13:4 Tehillim 119:69, compare v Tehillim 119:163; absolute false! Melachim Beis 9:12 Yirmiya 37:14.

falsity, of false or self-deceived prophets: נבּא שׁ׳ prophesy falsely Yirmiya 14:14; Yirmiya 23:25, Yirmiya 23:26; Yirmiya 29:21; + ל person Yirmiya 27:10, Yirmiya 27:14, Yirmiya 27:16; נ׳ לַשּׁ׳ v Yirmiya 27:15; נ׳ בשׁ׳ Yirmiya 5:31; Yirmiya 20:6; Yirmiya 29:9; מוֹרֶה שׁ׳ Yeshaya 9:14 Chavakuk 2:18; חזה שׁ׳ Zecharia 10:2; חֲזוֹן שׁ׳ Yirmiya 14:14, etc., (+ 12 times); רוּחַ שׁ׳ see p. 925 b.

lie, falsehood, in generally: דבר שּׁ׳ Tehillim 101:7 (‖ רְמִיָּה); דְּבַר שׁ׳ Mishlei 13:5; of מִלִּים Iyov 36:4; לְשׁוֹן שׁ׳ false tongue Mishlei 6:17; Mishlei 12:19; Mishlei 21:6; Mishlei 26:28; Tehillim 109:2; of lips Mishlei 12:22; אִישׁ שׁ׳ Mishlei 17:4 liar.

↗ original

שֹׁר

see שׁרר.

↗ original

שָׁרָב

noun (masc.)

burning heat;

parched ground;—only absolute: וְלֹא יַכֵּם שׁ׳ וָשָׁ֑מֶשׁ Yeshaya 49:10; of ground, הַשּׁ׳ Yeshaya 35:7 (‖ צִמָּאוֹן).

↗ original

שֵׁרֵֽבְיָה

proper name (masc.) a Levite with Ezra (? י׳ hath sent burning heat; or cp. Syriac ܫܪܒ Pa. propagavit);—Σαραβια(ς): Ezra 8:18, Ezra 8:24; Nechemia 8:7; Nechemia 9:4, Nechemia 9:5; Nechemia 10:13; Nechemia 12:8, Nechemia 12:24.

↗ original

שַׁרְבִֿיט²

see שׁבט.

↗ original

שָׁרָה

verb let loose (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, dissolve; Assyrian šarû, Pi. open (building, for use), dedicate it; tašr̂tu, dedication; Old Aramaic שרה loose, so Aramaic שְׁרָא, ܫܪܳܐ; Ethiopic ሰረየ; remit, condone);—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix יִשְׁרֵ֫הוּ Iyov 37:3 he (God) lets it loose (that is the thunder).

past (עבר) 1st singular with suffix שֵׁרִיתִ֫ךָ Yirmiya 15:11 Keri I will set thee free (compare Yirmiya 40:4 Targum Peshitta), but doubtful; Kesiv שרותך (that is שָׁרוֹתִךָ, √ שׁרר), Gesenius' Thesaurus Giesebrecht I vex thee [שַׁרַר = צָרַר, very doubtful]; Ewald and elsewhere Revised Version strengthen thee; this yields best sense, but as Aramaic שׁרר is intrans., read then שֵׁרַרְתִּךָ or הֲשֵׁרוֹתִךָ, Driver; Jerome Rabb read שֵׁרִיתְךָ = שְׁאֵרִיתְךָ thy remnant (Authorized Version).

↗ original

שִׁרְיָה

noun (fem.) a weapon, perhaps lance, javelin;—שׁ׳ Iyov 41:18 (+ חֶרֶב, חֲנִית, מַסָּע),—yet Septuagint θώρακα, Vulgate thorax, that is שִׁרְיוֹן.

↗ original

שִׁרְיוֹן

n.[m.] body-armour;—absolute שִׁרְיוֹן Shmuel Alef 17:5, Shmuel Alef 17:38; שִׁרְיָ֑ן (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 29 u) Melachim Alef 22:34 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:33, שִׁרְיָ֔ן Yeshaya 59:17; plural שִׁרְיֹנִים Nechemia 4:10, שִׁרְיֹנוֹת Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:14;—body-armour, perhaps more exactly breast-armour, Nechemia 4:10; with appendages (הַדָּבָקִים) Melachim Alef 22:34 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 18:33; c. verb לבשׁ Shmuel Alef 17:5, made of scale-like plates (קַשְׂקַשִּׂים) of bronze v Shmuel Alef 17:5, named with helmet here, so v Shmuel Alef 17:38 Divrei HaYamim Beis 26:14 and (figuratively) Yeshaya 59:17.—שׁ׳ proper name see שׂריון.

↗ original

שָׁרוֹן²

proper name (place)

↗ original

שִׁרְטַי

Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:29 Keri, see שִׁטְרַי.

↗ original

שִׁרְיָה²

see III. שׁרה.

↗ original

שִׁרְיוֹן²

see IV. שׁרה.

↗ original

שָׁרַץ

verb swarm, teem (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic ܫܪܰܨ crawl, ܫܶܪܨܳܐ = שֶׁרֶץ, so שִׁרְצָא (rare); Ethiopic ሠረጸ: germinate, sprout);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Tehillim 105:30, שָֽׁרְצוּ Breishis 1:21, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁרֹץ Yechezkel 47:9, etc.; imperative (ציווי) mpl. שִׁרְצוּ Breishis 9:7; participle (בינוני) הַשֹּׁרֵץ Breishis 7:21 +, f. הַשֹּׁרֶ֫צֶת Vayikra 11:46; Hexateuch mostly P:—

swarm, teem with (direct object animal), subj. water Breishis 1:20, Breishis 1:21, compare Shemos 7:28, land Tehillim 105:30.

swarm, subj. animal Breishis 8:17 (+ פָּרָה, רָבָה), Yechezkel 47:9, הַשֹּׁרֵץ Breishis 7:21; Vayikra 11:29. Vayikra 11:41, Vayikra 11:42, Vayikra 11:46 (all עַל־הָאָרֶץ), v Vayikra 11:43; subj. men Breishis 9:7 (+ פָּרָה, רָבָה), Shemos 1:7 (the same, + עָצַם).

↗ original

שֶׁ֫רֶץ

noun (masc.) Breishis 7, Breishis 21 coll. swarmers, swarming things;—שׁ׳ absolute Vayikra 11:29 +, שָׁ֑רֶץ v Vayikra 11:31; construct v Vayikra 11:20 +;—swarming things (H D and P), aquatic Breishis 1:20 Vayikra 11:10; small reptiles and quadrupeds Breishis 7:21 (+ עוֹף, בְּהֵמָה, חַיָּה), Vayikra 5:2 (+ חַיָּה, בְּהֵמָה), Vayikra 11:29 (weasel, mouse, lizard), v Vayikra 11:31, Vayikra 11:41, Vayikra 11:42, Vayikra 11:43 (c. cogn. שָׁרַץ) v Vayikra 11:44, compare Vayikra 22:5; insects, שׁ׳ הָעוֹף Devarim 14:19, + הַהֹלֵךְ עַל־אַרְבַּע Vayikra 11:20, Vayikra 11:21, compare v Vayikra 11:23. compare Driver^{DB i. 518}.

↗ original

שׁרר

(√ of [שָׁרִיר], שְׁרִירוּת, and perhaps of other words following; Old Aramaic שרר be firm, sound, Aramaic שְׁרַר be firm, hard, ܫܰܪ be firm, consistent, substantial, truthful, ܐܰܫܰܪ strengthen, confirm; Aramaic and Mishnaic Hebrew שָׁרִיר firm, hard; ܫܰܪܺܝܪܽܘܬܳܐ firmness, strength, constancy).

↗ original

שֹׁר²

n.[m.] navel-string (compare Aramaic שׁוּרָא Yechezkel 16:4 Targum, ܫܶܪܳܐ, Arabic سُرٌّ, all the same);—with suffix לֹא כָרַּת שָׁרֵּךְ Yechezkel 16:4 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 22 s Konig ^{ii. 1. 45}) thy navel-string was not cut; questioned are: שָׁרֶּ֑ךָ Mishlei 3:8 (De and elsewhere navel, synechd. for body, ‖ עַצְמוֹתֶיךָ; Septuagint τῷ σώματί σου, compare Peshitta, Clericus Bi Frankenberg בְּשָֽׂרְךָ, Ewald Hitzig Kmp and elsewhere שְׁאֵרְךָ, Toy either); שָׁרְרֵךְ Shir HaShirim 7:3 (Septuagint ὀμφαλός σου; ‖ בִּטְנֵךְ), = שָׁרֵּךְ Gesenius' Thesaurus and elsewhere; now often interpreted as = vulυa, compare Arabic سِرٌّ secret part, Hitzig Stickel Buhl Öttli, noticed also by Gesenius' Thesaurus, but Arabism doubtful, see Budde.

↗ original

שָׁרָר

proper name (masc.) Shmuel Beis 23:33 = ii. שָׂכָר, q.see

↗ original

שֹׁ֫רֶשׁ

noun (masc.) Devarim 29:17 root;—שׁ׳ absolute Devarim 29:17 +, construct Yeshaya 11:10 +; with suffix שָׁרְשִׁי Iyov 29:19, etc.; plural construct שָׁרְשֵׁי Iyov 13:27 (see below) Iyov 36:30, with suffix שָֽׁרָשָׁיו Amos 2:9 +, שָֽׁרָשֶׁיהָ Yechezkel 17:7 +;—

root of people under figuratively of tree, involving firmness, permanence, Amos 2:9; Hoshea 9:16; Hoshea 14:6; Yeshaya 14:30; Melachim Beis 19:30 = Yeshaya 37:31;—שָׁרְשָׁם Shoftim 5:14 is probably corrupt, see G.F. Moore;—so of person (compare Phoenician, Eshmunazar ¹¹ GACooke ^{pp. 30, 36}) Yeshaya 5:24; Malachi 3:19; Iyov 8:17; Iyov 18:16; Iyov 29:19; Mishlei 12:3, Mishlei 12:12; = stock, family Yeshaya 11:1, Yeshaya 11:10; Daniel 11:7, compare (of serpent) Yeshaya 14:29; = source or cause Devarim 29:17, שׁ׳ דָּבָר Iyov 19:28.

lit root of tree or shrub Yirmiya 17:8 (simile), Yechezkel 31:7 (metaphorically of people), Yeshaya 53:2 (simile), Iyov 14:8; Iyov 30:4; of vine (metaphorically of people) Yechezkel 17:6, Yechezkel 17:7, Yechezkel 17:9^(×2) Tehillim 80:10 (direct object cogn. c. שׁרשׁ Hiph.).

root, figuratively = lowest stratum, of mt. Iyov 28:9, of sea Iyov 36:30 = bottom (text strange and doubtful: Duhm רָאשֵׁי הָרִים, with אֵדוֹ in v a); of feet, שָׁרְשֵׁי רַגְלַי Iyov 13:27, that is soles Ewald Dillmann De Davidson and elsewhere (elsewhere כַּף), Budde place of treading, footholds; Duhm (arbitrarily) שָׁרְשִׁי, del. רגלי.

↗ original

שָׁרַשׁ

verb denom.

= deal with the roots;—

root up, out: past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular with suffix consec. וְשֵׁרֶשְׁךָ Tehillim 52:7 he shall root thee up from (מִן) the land of the living; of fire (burn) roots, root: future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תְּשָׁרֵשׁ בְּ Iyov 31:12 fire (figuratively) roots at all my increase. Pu. future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יְשֹׁרָשׁוּ Iyov 31:8 be rooted up (of produce).

Poʿēl take root, establish oneself firmly: past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שֹׁרֵשׁ בָּאָרֶץ גִּזְעָם Yeshaya 40:24 (figuratively of princes, etc.). Poʿal the same: past (עבר) 3rd masculine plural שֹׁרָ֔שׁוּ Yirmiya 12:2 (figuratively of wicked).

the same: future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַשְׁרֵשׁ Yeshaya 27:6 (figuratively of Isr.); 3rd feminine singular וַתַּשְׁרֵשׁ Tehillim 80:10 (the same; with a direct object cogn.); participle (בינוני) מַשְׁרִישׁ Iyov 5:3 (figuratively of person).

↗ original

שָׁרַת

verb Pi. minister, serve (compare Mishnaic Hebrew שֵׁרוּת (temple-) ministry, Phoenician משרת ministry, and perhaps verb שרת minister);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שֵׁרֵת Bamidbar 8:26; Devarim 18:7; 3rd masculine plural שֵׁרְתוּ Bamidbar 3:6; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיְשָׁ֫רֶת Breishis 39:4, 3rd masculine plural יְשָֽׁרְתוּ Bamidbar 3:31 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct לְשָׁרֵת Shemos 28:35 +, לְשָׁ֫רֶת שָׁם Devarim 17:12, etc.; participle (בינוני) מְשָׁרֵת Bamidbar 11:28 + (Shmuel Beis 13:9 see מַשְׂרֵת, p. 602a), f. מְשָׁרַת Melachim Alef 1:15; etc.;—serve:

of ministerial service (opposite menial, עבד):

higher domestic service: Joseph Breishis 39:4; Breishis 40:4, Elisha’s chief servant Melachim Beis 4:43; Melachim Beis 6:15, royal domestics Shmuel Beis 13:17, Shmuel Beis 13:18 Melachim Alef 10:5; Divrei HaYamim Beis 9:4; Esther 2:2; Esther 6:3, Abishag Melachim Alef 1:4, Melachim Alef 1:15.

of royal officers (late) Divrei HaYamim Alef 27:1; Divrei HaYamim Alef 28:1; Divrei HaYamim Beis 17:19; Divrei HaYamim Beis 22:8; Esther 1:10; Mishlei 29:12.

Joshua as chief assistant to Moses Shemos 24:13; Shemos 13:11, Bamidbar 11:28, Yehoshua 1:1, Elisha to Elijah Melachim Alef 19:21,

of angels to י׳ Tehillim 103:21, compare Tehillim 104:4.

of kings of nations in proph. Yeshaya 60:10.

usually of special service in worship:

of Levit. priests, absolute Melachim Alef 8:11 = Divrei HaYamim Beis 5:14; with a direct object י׳ Devarim 10:8; Devarim 17:12; Devarim 21:5; Yirmiya 33:21 + (strangely) מְשָֽׁרְתֵי אֹתִי v Yirmiya 33:22; also Yeshaya 60:7 of animals put figuratively for those sacrificing them; of foreigners admitted to priesthood Yeshaya 61:6, compare Yeshaya 56:6; so probably Samuel conceived as priest Shmuel Alef 2:11; Shmuel Alef 3:1, את פני י׳ Shmuel Alef 2:18 (פני probably direct object, compare Septuagint τῷ προσώπῳ v Shmuel Alef 3:11), שׁ׳ בְּשֵׁם י׳ Devarim 18:5, Devarim 18:7.

Levites (P, and late); with a direct object of Aaronic priests Bamidbar 3:6; Bamidbar 8:26; Bamidbar 18:2, with a direct object of י׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 15:2; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:11; probably also in ref. to Lev. singer Tehillim 101:6; with a direct object tabern. Bamidbar 1:50, congregation Bamidbar 16:9, people Yechezkel 44:11 + v Yechezkel 44:12 (of idolatry); absolute Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:4; Divrei HaYamim Beis 23:6; Divrei HaYamim Beis 29:11; Divrei HaYamim Beis 31:2 Ezra 8:17 (pt. as noun, ministers); שׁ׳ לִפְנֵי אֲרוֹן בְּרִית י׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 16:37, שׁ׳ נֶגֶד הַכֹּהֲנִים Divrei HaYamim Beis 8:14; שׁ׳ c. ב location Divrei HaYamim Alef 26:12; especially c. בְּ, of sacred vessels Bamidbar 3:31; Bamidbar 4:9, Bamidbar 4:12, Bamidbar 4:14; Melachim Beis 25:14 = Yirmiya 52:18; בַּשִּׁיר Divrei HaYamim Alef 6:17.

Zadokite priests (Ez), absolute Yechezkel 42:14; Yechezkel 44:17, Yechezkel 44:19, Yechezkel 44:27, with a direct object י׳ Yechezkel 40:46; Yechezkel 43:19; Yechezkel 44:15, Yechezkel 44:16; Yechezkel 45:4, construct מְשָׁרֲתֵי before place Yechezkel 45:4, Yechezkel 45:5; Yechezkel 46:24.

Aaronic priests, absolute Shemos 28:35 + 4 times P; with a direct object י׳ Divrei HaYamim Alef 23:13; לי׳ Divrei HaYamim Beis 13:10; מְשָֽׁרְתֵי י׳ Yoel 1:9, Yoel 1:13; Yoel 2:17, מְשָֽׁרְתֵי מזבח Yoel 1:13, c. בַּקֹּדֶשׁ Shemos 28:43 + 4 times P.

of idolatry, with a direct object עץ ואבן Yechezkel 20:32.

↗ original

שָׁרֵת

noun (masc.) religious ministry;—כְּלֵי הַשּׁ׳ vessels of m. in tabern. Bamidbar 4:12, temple Divrei HaYamim Beis 24:14.

↗ original

שֵׁשׁ³

six, see שׁדשׁ.

↗ original

שֵׁשׁ⁴

see שַׁיִשׁ.

↗ original

שֵׁשׁ⁵

noun (masc.) Shemos 26:1 byssus (loan-wd. probably from Egyptian šen-suten Reinischap. D.H. Müller^{VOJ viii (1894), 7} Copt. šens, compare Copt. šent, weave; see MʿLean^{Ency. Bib. linen}; on spinning, weaving, and wearing of linen in Egypt Erman^{Aegypten 594 ff.; Eng. Trans. 448 f.});—always absolute שׁ׳ (שׁשׁי Yechezkel 16:13 is error):—byssus, fine Egyptian linen (בּוּץ, q.see, is later synon.), that is the linen thread (spun by women Shemos 35:25), and the material woven from it: used for garments Breishis 41:42, Yechezkel 16:10, Yechezkel 16:13 (שׁשׁי, read שׁשׁ), Mishlei 31:22; for sail (in figuratively of Tyre as ship) Yechezkel 27:7 (brought from Egypt); elsewhere P, of priestly vestments Shemos 28:5, Shemos 28:39^(×2); Shemos 39:3, Shemos 39:27, Shemos 39:28^(×2); also שׁ׳ מָשְׁזָר twisted linen Shemos 28:6, Shemos 28:8, Shemos 28:15; Shemos 39:2, Shemos 39:5, Shemos 39:8, Shemos 39:28, Shemos 39:29 + v Shemos 39:24 (read וְשֵׁשׁ מ׳ Sam. Septuagint Baethgen); שׁ׳ of hangings, etc., in tabern. Shemos 25:4; Shemos 35:6, Shemos 35:23, Shemos 35:25, Shemos 35:35; Shemos 38:23, and so שׁ׳ מָשְׁזָר Shemos 26:1, Shemos 26:31, Shemos 26:36; Shemos 27:9, Shemos 27:16, Shemos 27:18; Shemos 36:8, Shemos 36:35, Shemos 36:37; Shemos 38:9, Shemos 38:16, Shemos 38:18.

↗ original

שָׁשַׁי

proper name (masc.) Jew with foreign wife Ezra 10:40; Σεσ(ε)ει.

↗ original

שֵׁשַׁי

proper name (masc.) a son of Anaḳ (Aramaic form, compare G.F. Moore Ju);—Bamidbar 13;Bamidbar 22; Yehoshua 15:14 (both ), Shoftim 1:10; Σεσ(σ)ει, Σουσαι, Σουσει.

↗ original

שִׁשִּׁי²

see i. שֵׁשׁ under שׁדשׁ.

↗ original

שֵׁשַׁךְ

proper name terr. = בָּבֶל (Jer Rabb. and mod.; by Atbaš (את׳בש׳) see improb.), late Babylonian Šešku, name of Babylon (Delitzsch ^{Paradies 215});—Yirmiya 51:41 and hence (perhaps gloss) Yirmiya 25:26 (see Giesebrecht).

↗ original

שֵׁשָׁן

proper name (masc.) in Judah Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:31^(×2) (with one son), v Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:34^(×2), Divrei HaYamim Alef 2:35 (no sons, but daughters, compare Benzinger Kittel); Σωσαν[μ], SeptuagintL Σισαν.

↗ original

שָׁשָׁק

(Baer Gi; van d. H. שָׁשַׁק, שָׁשָׁ֑ק) proper name (masc.) in Benjamin, Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:14, Divrei HaYamim Alef 8:25; Σωκηλ, Σωιηκ, A Σωσηκ, SeptuagintL Σισαχ (according to Simon. (Gesenius' Thesaurus) = שַׁקְשַׁק one longed for (√ שׁקק)).

↗ original

שָׁת²

i. שֵׁת see שׁית.

↗ original

שֵׁת²

see שֵׁאת under I. [שׁאה].

↗ original

שֵׁת³

see II. שׁתה.

↗ original

שָׁתָה

verb drink (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Assyrian šatû, Ethiopic ሰትየ Old Aramaic שתה, Aramaic שְׁתָא, אִשְׁתִּי, [ܫܬܐ], ܐܶܫܬܻܝ]; Sabean שתי D.H. Müller^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 403} Hom^{Chr 124});—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Shemos 34:28 +, 1st singular שָׁתִ֫יתִי Shmuel Alef 15 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁתֶּה Breishis 44:5 +, וַיִּשְׁתֶּה Melachim Alef 19:8, usually וַיֵּשְׁתְּ Breishis 9:21 +; juss. וְיֵשְׁתְּ Melachim Alef 13:18; 3rd feminine singular וַתֵּשְׁתְּ Bamidbar 20:11; 2nd masculine singular apoc. תֵּשְׁתְּ Shoftim 13:14 +, וַתֵּשְׁתְּ Melachim Alef 13:22; 1st singular וָאֵשְׁתְּ Breishis 24:46; 3rd masculine plural יִשְׁתָּי֑וּן Tehillim 78:44, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שְׁתֵה Breishis 24:14 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׁתֹה Yeshaya 21:5; Yirmiya 49:12 (in Shmuel Alef 1:9 after preposition, anom., Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 113 e, om. Septuagint Th Wellhausen Driver and mod.), שָׁתוֹ Yirmiya 25:28 +, שָׁתוֹת Yeshaya 22:13 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 75 n); construct שְׁתוֹ †Mishlei 31:4, שְׁתוֹת Yirmiya 35:8, Yirmiya 35:14, לִשְׁתֹּת Breishis 24:19 +, with suffix שְׁתוֹתוֹ Melachim Alef 13:33, לִשְׁתּוֹתָהּ Yeshaya 51:22 etc.; participle (בינוני) active שֹׁתֶה Yeshaya 29:8 +, f. שֹׁתָה Iyov 6:4, etc.;—

of man: drink, water, wine, etc., Shemos 34:28, compare Shemos 15:24, Shmuel Alef 30:12 Amos 2:8; Amos 4:8; Amos 5:11; Yeshaya 5:22; Yeshaya 62:8, Yeshaya 62:9; Mishlei 31:4, Shoftim 13:4, Shoftim 13:7, Shoftim 13:14 + often (2 times 6 times D); by measure (short allowance) Yechezkel 4:11, Yechezkel 4:16; milk †Yechezkel 25:4, compare Shir HaShirim 5:1; blood Divrei HaYamim Alef 11:19 (figuratively of water gained by hazard); figuratively חֲמָתָם שֹׁתָה רוּחִי Iyov 6:4 whose venom [of arrows of י׳] my spirit drinks up; direct object + מִן of source †Shemos 7:18, v Shemos 7:21, Shemos 15:23, Mishlei 5:15 (figuratively); direct object (of wine, water, etc.) om. Breishis 24:14^(×2); Breishis 27:25; Breishis 43:34 (all J) + 11 times J, Shemos 7:24; Shemos 17:6, Bamidbar 20:5, v Bamidbar 20:11; Bamidbar 33:14, Shoftim 15:19 + often; direct object שׁין †Melachim Beis 18:27 = Yeshaya 36:12; מַמְתַקִּים Nechemia 8:10; absolute Koheles 2:24 +; + מִן of source Melachim Alef 17:4, Melachim Alef 17:6 Tehillim 110:7, מִכֹּסוֹ Shmuel Beis 12:3; שׁ׳ בְּמִזְרְקֵי יַיִן † Amos 6:6, compare Breishis 44:5; שׁ׳ בְּיַיִן †Mishlei 9:5; c. מִן partit. Breishis 9:21; Shemos 7:24; Rus 2:9, also (figuratively) Yirmiya 51:7 (and Iyov 21:20 infra).

pt. as noun שֹׁתֵי מַיִם Yechezkel 31:14, Yechezkel 31:16, שֹׁתֵי יַיִן Yoel 1:5; שׁוֹתֵי שֵׁכָר Tehillim 69:13.

drink wine in sacrificial feast Devarim 32:38 (poem); blood of sacrificial victim Tehillim 50:13 (figuratively of י׳).

subj. animals Bamidbar 20:19; Yonah 3:7 (both + men), also (figuratively) Yechezkel 34:18, Yechezkel 34:19; direct object (water) om. Breishis 24:19, Breishis 24:22; Breishis 30:38^(×2).

figuratively of drinking cup of י׳’s wrath, שׁ׳ אֶת־כּוֹס חֲמָתוֹ Yeshaya 51:17 (+ מִיַּד י׳), compare v Yeshaya 51:17, v Yeshaya 51:22, see also Yechezkel 23:32, Yechezkel 23:34 and (direct object om.) Yirmiya 25:16, Yirmiya 25:26, Yirmiya 25:27 + 8 times Je, Chavakuk 2:16; absolute Ovadia 1:16^(×3); direct object שְׁמָרִים Tehillim 75:9; שׁ׳ מֵחֲמַת שַׁדַּי Iyov 21:20.

drink blood, figuratively of slaughter, Bamidbar 23:24 (of lion, metaphorically of Isr.), Zecharia 9:15 (read דָּמָם for הָמוּ Septuagint ^Codd. Stade Nowack Marti); so (blood of י׳’s sacrifice) Yechezkel 39:17, Yechezkel 39:18, Yechezkel 39:19.

figuratively of wicked deeds: יֵין חֲמָסִים יִשְׁתּוּ Mishlei 4:17 (‖ לָֽחֲמוּ לֶחֶם רֶשַׁע; these are their food and drink), compare Iyov 15:16; Iyov 34:7, but Mishlei 26:6 appar. = suffers violence (compare De Toy).

late, = feast Esther 3:15; Esther 7:1 (compare מִשְׁתֶּה).

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשָּׁתֶה Vayikra 11:34 all which is (may be) drunk, c. ב of vessel.—נִשְׁתָּ֑וָה Mishlei 27:15 see I. שׁוה ad fin. For cause, give, to drink see שׁקה.

↗ original

שָׁתַם

verb doubtful; if text correct, open (Mishnaic Hebrew Aramaic שׁתם open [vessel]);—only

participle (בינוני) passive construct הַגֶּבֶר שְׁתֻם הָעָ֑יִן Bamidbar 24:3, Bamidbar 24:15 (poems in ) the man opened of [mental] eye, so Peshitta Ki Ewald and elsewhere Revised Version margin; Vulgate Röd Ke Dillmann and elsewhere render closed of [bodily] eye, reading then implicitly שְׂתֻם (compare סָתַם, שָׂתַם Eicha 3:8); see further Gray.

↗ original

שֵׁתָר

proper name (masc.) a prince of Persia Esther 1:14; Σαρσαθαιος.

↗ original

BDB — ש (598)