ש

שְׁנָה (Aramaic)

noun (fem.) sleep (Targum Syriac);—with suffix שִׁנְּתֵהּ (Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 12 d)), var. שִׁנְתֵּהּ Daniel 6:19.—i. [שְׁנָה] see [שְׁנָא].

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שַׂגִּיא (Aramaic)

adjective great, much;—absolute שׂ׳ Daniel 2:6 +, fpl. שַׂגִּיאָן Daniel 2:48 Ezra 5:11;—

great, of image Daniel 2:31 (in vision), height of tree Daniel 4:7 (the same); of honour Daniel 2:6.

much, fruit Daniel 4:9, Daniel 4:18, flesh Daniel 7:5; plural many, years Ezra 5:11, gifts Daniel 2:48.

as adverb exceedingly, Daniel 2:12; Daniel 5:9; Daniel 6:15, Daniel 6:24; Daniel 7:28.

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שׂוּם (Aramaic)

verb set, make (see Biblical Hebrew; for Pers. infl. on usage compare Scheft⁶⁵);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שָׂם Ezra 5:3 +, with suffix שָׂמֵהּ Ezra 5:14; 2nd masculine singular שַׂ֫מְתָּ Daniel 3:10; 1st singular שָׂ֫מֶת טְעֵם Ezra 6:12; 3rd masculine plural שָׂמוּ Daniel 3:12; imperative (ציווי) mpl. שִׂ֫ימוּ Ezra 4:21;—

make, direct object טְעֵם = make decree Daniel 3:10; Ezra 6:1, Ezra 6:12, + verb fin. v Ezra 6:3, + inf. Ezra 4:21; Ezra 5:13 and (c. ל person) v Ezra 5:3, Ezra 5:9.

make, appoint, one’s name Daniel 5:12 (2 direct object), one to office Ezra 5:14 (2 direct object).

set, fix, direct object בָּל mind, Daniel 6:15 (c. inf.); direct object טְעֵם Daniel 3:12; Daniel 6:14 pay due regard (טְעֵם) to (עַל person). Peʿîl. 3rd masculine singular מִנִּי שִׂים טְעֵם Ezra 4:19 from me a decree is made, so Ezra 5:17; Ezra 6:8, Ezra 6:11; Ezra 7:13, Ezra 7:21; Daniel 3:29; Daniel 4:3; Daniel 6:27; literally 3rd feminine singular שֻׂמַת (read probably שִׂימַת Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 45, Beisp. 1. d)) Daniel 6:18 (of stone, עַל location).

be made: future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִתְּשָׂם Ezra 4:21 (of decree, טְעֵם c. מִן agent); 3rd masculine plural יִתְּשָׂמוּן Daniel 2:5 subj. rei + n. pred. be made into; participle (בינוני) מִתְּשָׂם Ezra 5:8 literally be set, laid, of wood, ב of wall.

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שִׂיב (Aramaic)

verb be hoary (see Biblical Hebrew);—

participle (בינוני) plural as noun = elders, term. techn., absolute שָׂבֵי יְהוּדָיֵא Ezra 5:5; Ezra 6:7, Ezra 6:8, Ezra 6:14; so emph. שָׂבַיָּא Ezra 5:9.

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שְׂעַר (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) ^{Daniel 3:27} hair, of head (Targum ס׳, Syriac ܣܐ; see Biblical Hebrew I. שׂער);—construct Daniel 3:27; Daniel 7:9; with suffix שַׁעְרֵהּ Daniel 4:30.

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שְׁאֵל (Aramaic)

verb ask (see Biblical Hebrew);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Daniel 2:10; plural שְׁאֵ֫לְנָא Ezra 5:9, Ezra 5:10; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix יִשְׁאֲלֶנְכוֹן Ezra 7:21; participle (בינוני) active שָׁאֵל Daniel 2:11, Daniel 2:27;—

ask for, request, direct object rei Daniel 2:10 (ל person), v Daniel 2:11, Daniel 2:27 Ezra 7:21 (with suffix person).

inquire about, for, direct object rei Ezra 5:9 (ל person); followed by orat. rect. v Ezra 5:10 (the same).

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שְׁאֵלָה (Aramaic)

noun (fem.) affair (weakened from question, inquiry, compare Driver);—emph. שְׁאֵלְתָּא Daniel 4:14.

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שְׁאָר (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) ^{Ezra 7:20} rest, remainder (see Biblical Hebrew I. שׁאר; Egyptian Aramaic n. שאר Cooke²⁰³, verb ישתאר be left (outstanding) Cooke⁴⁰⁴ = S-C^{L 9}, Chr-Pal. ܫܐܪ );—שׁ׳ absolute Ezra 4:10 +, construct v Ezra 4:9 +; emph. שְׁאָרָא Daniel 7:7, Daniel 7:19;—of a thing, remainder Ezra 7:18, Ezra 7:20; of cities Ezra 4:10, Ezra 4:17, of persons v Ezra 4:9, Ezra 4:10, Ezra 4:17; Ezra 6:16 Daniel 2:18, of beasts Daniel 7:7, Daniel 7:12, Daniel 7:19.

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שְׁבַע (Aramaic)

only שִׁבְעָה noun (fem.) seven (Biblical Hebrew I. שֶׁבַע);—absolute שׁ׳ bef. noun (masc.) plural Daniel 4:13, Daniel 4:20, Daniel 4:22, Daniel 4:29; construct שִׁבְעַת bef. noun (masc.) plural Ezra 7:14; חַד שִׁבְעָה עַל־דִּי Daniel 3:19 seven times above what (more than), see חַד, √ אחד.

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שֵׁגָל (Aramaic)

noun (fem.) (royal) consort (compare Biblical Hebrew the same; √ unknown Haupt^{Guthe Ezr-Ne, p. 66} conjunction Assyrian šigrêti, harem-women);—plural with suffix שֵֽׁגְלָתָךְ Daniel 5:23, שֵֽׁגְלָתֵהּ v Daniel 5:2, Daniel 5:3.

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שַׁדְרַךְ (Aramaic)

n.pr.m. (compare Biblical Hebrew the same);—Daniel 2:49; Daniel 3:12 + 11 times Daniel 3:3.

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שֵׁת (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) six;—absolute שִׁ֑ת after noun (fem.) Daniel 3:1; שְׁנָת־שֵׁת Ezra 6:15 year six = sixth year.

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שִׁתִּין (Aramaic)

n. indecl. sixty;—אַמִּין שׁ׳ Ezra 6:3^(×2); Daniel 3:1; שְׁנִין שׁ׳ וְתַרְתֵּין Daniel 6:1.

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שׁוּר (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) wall (compare Biblical Hebrew ii. שׁוּר the same; Egyptian Aramaic שור RÉS^{361 A 5, B 1});—plural emph. שׁוּרַיָּה Ezra 4:16, א—ָ v Ezra 4:13; v Ezra 4:12 read שׁוּרַיָּא שׁ׳ Qr, for שׁורי אשׁ׳ Kt.

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שְׁלֵה (Aramaic)

adjective at ease (Egyptian Aramaic Cooke ²¹⁰);—שׁ׳ הֲוֵית בְּ Daniel 4:1 I was at ease in my house.—Daniel 3:29 see following.

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שָׁלוּ (Aramaic)

noun (fem.) neglect, remissness (Targum the same);—absolute שׁ׳ Ezra 4:22; Ezra 6:9 Daniel 6:5 + Daniel 3:29 Qr; Kt שׁלה usually thought an error for שׁלו; Hitzig Bev M (perhaps) expl. as שֵׁלָה = שְׁאֵלָה = thing, affair (Daniel 4:14).

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שְׁלַח (Aramaic)

verb send (Biblical Hebrew I. שָׁלַח);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Ezra 4:17 +; 3rd masculine plural שְׁלַ֫חוּ Ezra 4:11 +; 2nd masculine plural שְׁלַחְתּוּן Ezra 4:18; 1st plural שְׁלַחְנָא Ezra 4:14; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁלַח Ezra 5:17; Ezra 6:12; participle (בינוני) passive שְׁלִיחַ Ezra 7:14 Daniel 5:24;—send, direct object of letter, etc., c. עַל person Ezra 4:11, Ezra 4:17, Ezra 4:18; Ezra 5:6, Ezra 5:7, Ezra 5:17; absolute Ezra 6:13, followed by verb fin. Ezra 4:14, + direct object person Daniel 3:28; Daniel 6:23; followed by infinitive (מקור) Daniel 3:2; put out hand (direct object) to harm (infinitive (מקור)) Ezra 6:12; passive, be sent, c. מִן־קֳדָם person: subj. person Ezra 7:14; subj. כַּפָּא Daniel 5:24.

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שְׁלֵט (Aramaic)

verb have power, rule (Targum Syriac; Biblical Hebrew (q.see) late);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Daniel 3:27, 3rd masculine plural שְׁלִ֫טוּ Daniel 6:25; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁלַ֑ט Daniel 5:7, 3rd feminine singular תִּשְׁלַט Daniel 2:39, 2nd masculine singular תִּשְׁלַ֑ט Daniel 5:16;—have power upon, ב rei, Daniel 3:27 (of fire); fall upon, assault (Targum = פָּגע בְּ), ב person Daniel 6:25 (of lions); subj. person rule; be ruler, absolute, Daniel 5:7, Daniel 3:16, subj. kingdom, ב of earth, Daniel 2:39.

make ruler: past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular with suffix הַשְׁלְטָךְ Daniel 2:38 (ב person, etc.); הַשְׁלְטֵהּ v Daniel 2:48 (עַל of province).

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שָׁלְטָן (Aramaic)

(Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 61, 3, Beisp. α)) noun (masc.) Daniel 7:6 dominion;—שׁ׳ absolute Daniel 7:6, Daniel 7:14, construct Daniel 6:27 +; emph. שָׁלְטָנָא Daniel 7:27; with suffix שָׁלְטָנָךְ Daniel 4:19, -נֵהּ Daniel 3:33 +, -נְהוֹן Daniel 7:12; plural emph. שָׁלְטָנַיָּא Daniel 7:27;—

dominion, sovereignty (usually of God): Daniel 3:33; Daniel 4:19, Daniel 4:31^(×2) Daniel 6:27 Daniel 7:6, Daniel 7:12, Daniel 7:14^(×3), Daniel 7:26, Daniel 7:27^(×2).

realm Daniel 6:27. שִׁלְטוֹן see p. 1127.

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שַׁלִּיט (Aramaic)

adjective having mastery, ruling;—absolute שׁ׳ Ezra 7:24 +, emph. א—ָ Daniel 2:15; mpl. שְׁלִיטִין Ezra 4:20, -טִן Daniel 4:23;—

having, exercising, mastery:

of God, followed by ב, Daniel 4:14, Daniel 4:22, Daniel 4:29; Daniel 5:21; absolute, of heavens Daniel 4:23.

of kings Ezra 4:20 (ב).

as n. = ruler Daniel 2:10; Daniel 5:29, captain Daniel 2:15.

having authority to do a thing (infinitive (מקור)), hence impers. = it is authorized, Ezra 7:24 (so often in Syriac; compare S-C^{A 11 +} אנת שליט למבנה).

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שְׁלָם (Aramaic)

noun (masc.)Daniel 3:31 welfare, prosperity;—in greetings: absolute Ezra 4:17 prosperity! emph. שְׁלָמָא Ezra 5:7; with suffix שְׁלָֽמְכוֹן יַשְׂגִּיא Daniel 3:31; Daniel 6:26.

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שֻׁם (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) name (see Biblical Hebrew שֵׁם);—construct שׁ׳ Ezra 5:1 +; with suffix שְׁמֵהּ Daniel 2:20 +; plural construct שְׁמָהָת Ezra 5:4, with suffix -תְהֹם v Ezra 5:10;—name, dei: Daniel 2:20; Daniel 4:5 Ezra 5:1; Ezra 6:12; vir.: Daniel 2:26; Daniel 4:5, Daniel 4:16; Daniel 5:12 (all Dan.), Ezra 5:4, Ezra 5:10^(×2) also v Ezra 5:14, with which compare S-C^{K 4, 5, 8 f., 12 f.}

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שְׁמַע (Aramaic)

verb hear (see Biblical Hebrew);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Daniel 6:15; 1st singular שִׁמְעֵת Daniel 5:14, Daniel 5:16; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁמַע Daniel 3:10, 2nd masculine plural תִּשְׁמְעוּן Daniel 3:5, Daniel 3:15; participle (בינוני) active שָֽׁמְעִין Daniel 3:7; Daniel 5:23;—hear: = have sense of hearing Daniel 5:23; with a direct object of sound Daniel 3:5, Daniel 3:7, Daniel 3:10, Daniel 3:15, word Daniel 6:15; c. cl. דִּי + עַל person concerning, Daniel 5:14, Daniel 5:16.

shew oneself obedient: future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יִשְׁתַּמְעוּן Daniel 7:27, c. ל person (probably).

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שְׁמַשׁ (Aramaic)

n.[m. so D^WB] sun;—emph. שִׁמְשָׁא Daniel 6:15.

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שְׁמַשׁ² (Aramaic)

verb

minister (Targum Pa. the same, תַּשְׁמִישׁ use; Palmyrene שמש, תשמיש, SAC ^{114, compare 122} Lidzbarski ³⁷⁹; Syriac ܫܰܡܶܫ, ܬܶܫܡܶܫܬܳܐ; Chr-Pal. ܫܡܫ Pa, ܬܫܡܫ; Mishnaic Hebrew שִׁמֵּשׁ, תַּשְׁמִישׁ; Egyptian šms, servant, Kopt. šemše, compare WMM in Buhl ¹⁴);—future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural with suffix יְשַׁמְּשׁוּנֵּהּ Daniel 7:10 were ministering to him.

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שֵׁן (Aramaic)

see שׁנן.

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שְׁנָה² (Aramaic)

noun (fem.) year (see Biblical Hebrew שָׁנָה, √ I. [שָׁנָה]);—construct שְׁנַת: שׁ׳ חֲדָה = first year Ezra 5:13; Ezra 6:3 Daniel 7:1; שׁ׳ תַּרְתֵּין Ezra 4:24 second year; שׁ׳ שֵׁת Daniel 6:15; plural שְׁנִין שִׁתִּין וְת׳ Daniel 6:1 62 years; שׁ׳ שַׂגִּיאָן Ezra 5:11.—ii. [שְׁנָה] see ישׁן.

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שֵׁן² (Aramaic)

n.[f.] tooth;—dual (of rows of teeth) absolute שִׁנַּ֫יִן Daniel 7:7;—with suffix שניה Kt (Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 53, 2. b)), שִׁנַּהּ Qr, v Daniel 7:5, Daniel 7:19 (all of beasts in vision). שִׁנְּתֵהּ Daniel 6:19 see √ ישן

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שָׁעָה (Aramaic)

noun (fem.) brief time, moment (Targum the same, שָֽׁעֲתָא, Mishnaic Hebrew שָׁעָה time, hour; Syriac ܫܳܥܬܳܐ moment, then hour Brockelmann ³⁶⁹, but Chr-Pal. ܫܥܳܐ moment, hour Schwally^{Idiot. 97} Schulthess^{Lex. 211}; perhaps = Assyrian šattu, duration; TelAm.^{91, 77} še-ti, time, hour (as Canaanism) Winckler^{Schrader's Keilinschriften3. 335}; Arabic سِعْوٌ, سَاعَةٌ portion of time, Ethiopic ሳዕ time, ሰዓት hour, time (Buhl calls Arabic Ethiopic loan-words, but see Winckler^l.c.); √ unknown: poss. Assyrian loan-word (see Winckler^l.c.); Delitzsch^{Pr 39 f.} conjunction שׁיע = שָׁעָה look, hence moment = ‘Augenblick,’ but verb שׁ׳ rather of steady gaze);—moment: usually emph. בַּהּ־שַׁעֲתָא (read poss. שָֽׁ׳ as Targum Syriac, M^{86* f.} Buhl¹⁴ compare var. in Strack) in the same moment, forthwith Daniel 3:6, Daniel 3:15; Daniel 4:30; Daniel 5:5; absolute שָׁעָה חֲדָה Daniel 4:16 for a moment.

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שַׁפִּיר (Aramaic)

see שׁפר.

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שְׁפַר (Aramaic)

verb be fair, seemly (Targum Syriac; compare Biblical Hebrew (rare and mostly late); Palmyrene שפר ל merit well of, SAC¹¹⁷; Cappad. Aramaic שפירא Lidzbarski^{Eph 160});—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳, c. קֳדָם person it seemed good to Daniel 3:32; Daniel 6:2; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁפַּר עַל Daniel 4:24 let my counsel be acceptable to thee.

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שַׁפִּיר² (Aramaic)

adjective fair, beautiful;—of foliage Daniel 4:9, Daniel 4:18.

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שֹׁ֫רֶשׁ (Aramaic)

noun (masc.) ^{Daniel 4:12} root (see Biblical Hebrew);—plural with suffix שָׁרְשׁוֹ֫הִי of tree Daniel 4:12, Daniel 4:20, Daniel 4:23.

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שֵׁשְׁבַּצַּר (Aramaic)

n.pr.m. Ezra 5:14, Ezra 5:16.

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שֵׁת² (Aramaic)

see שׁדת.

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שְׁתָה (Aramaic)

verb drink (Targum שְׁתָא, אִשְׁתִּי, Syriac ܐܶܫܬܻܝ; see Biblical Hebrew ׃שָׁתָה);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine plural אִשְׁתִּיו (Kautzsch's Grammar of Biblical Aramaic § 11, 4, α)) Daniel 5:3, Daniel 5:4; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יִשְׁתּוֹן v Daniel 5:2; participle (בינוני) active שָׁתֵה v Daniel 5:1, plural שָׁתַ֫יִן v Daniel 5:23;—drink, direct object wine Daniel 5:1, Daniel 5:4, + ב of vessel v Daniel 5:23 and (direct object om.) v Daniel 5:2, Daniel 5:3.

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שִׁתִּין² (Aramaic)

sixty, see שׁדת.

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שְׁתַר בּוֹזְנַי (Aramaic)

n.pr.m. Pers. official Ezra 5:3, Ezra 5:6; Ezra 6:6, Ezra 6:13; Σαθαρβουζανα (αι, ε, ης); SeptuagintL Σαθραβωζανης (Andr^{M 87*} proposes מתרב׳, Gk. Μιθροβουζάνης, = OIran. *Mithrabaužana, Mithra is deliverer (or the like), so Mey^{Entst. J. 32}; Scheft ^{92 f.} OIran. Šêthrabûzana, empire-delivering; Winckler^{MVAG 1887, 281 f.} conjunction a title).

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שַׁבְּלוּל

noun (masc.) snail (Shaph. form, causing moisture, from notion of moisture or fluid in בלל);—name due to slimy trail Psalms 58:9, שַׁבְּלוּל תֶּמֶס יַהֲלֹךְ.

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שֶׁ֫בֶת

noun (fem.) seat, dwelling, place (properly infinitive (מקור) Qal from ישׁב)—מְקוֹם הַשָּׁ֑בֶת I Kings 10:19 = II Chronicles 9:18 the place of the seat; שֶׁבֶת חָמָס Amos 6:3 a seat (throne, or enthronement) of violence; לְשֶׁבֶת עָ֑ר Numbers 21:15 toward the dwelling (that is place, location) of ʿÂr; יִשָּֽׂרְפוּ בַשָּׁ֑בֶת II Samuel 23:7 they are burned in the (same) place, that is on the spot, but del. שׁ׳ Wellhausen Driver Budde; שִׁבְתּוֹ Obadiah 1:3 his (thy) dwelling-place.—ii. שֶׁבֶת see sub שׁבת.

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שֵׁנָה

noun (fem.) sleep;—שֵׁנָה Psalms 90:5 + 3 times; שֵׁנָא Psalms 127:2, שְׁנָת Psalms 132:4 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 80 g.h.); construct שְׁנַת Jeremiah 51:39 + 3 times; שְׁנָתִי Genesis 31:40; Jeremiah 31:26, etc.; plural absolute שֵׁנוֹת Proverbs 6:10; Proverbs 24:33;—sleep Genesis 28:16, Judges 16:14, Judges 16:20; Proverbs 3:24; Proverbs 6:9; Proverbs 20:13; Ecclesiastes 5:11 Jeremiah 31:26; Zechariah 4:1; Proverbs 6:4 (‖ תְּנוּמָה); מְעַט שֵׁנוֹת מְעַט תְּנוּמוֹת Proverbs 6:10 = Proverbs 24:33 (these two of sluggard אִישׁ עָצֵל; see also Proverbs 6:9; Proverbs 20:13); note also וַתִּדַּד שְׁנָתִי מֵעֵינָ֑י Genesis 31:40 and my sleep fled from mine eyes; נָֽדֲדָה שְׁנַת הַמֶּלֶךְ Esther 6:1; וְנִגְזְלָה שְׁנָתָם Proverbs 4:16; וּשְׁנָתוֹ נִהְיְתָה עָלָיו Daniel 2:1; שֵׁנָה בְּעֵינָיו אֵינֶנּוּ רֹאֶה Ecclesiastes 8:16; אִם אֶתֵּן שְׁנָת לְעֵינָ֑י Psalms 132:4 (all of lack of sleep); יִתֵּן לִידִידוֹ שֵׁנָ֑א Psalms 127:2 = he giveth to his beloved in sleep, compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 118, 3; of sleep of death (so Arabic وَسَنٌ Dozy ^{ii. 806}) Job 14:12 Psalms 90:5 (compare De Cheyne); so, as direct object cogn., Psalms 76:6 Jeremiah 51:39, Jeremiah 51:57 (in these two שְׁנַת־עוֹלָם). יֶשְׁנוֹ see יֵשׁ.

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שׁוֹעַ

adjective (free), independent, noble (in station) (according to most from second √ שׁוע = ישׁע, in sense of Arabic وَسِع (compare תְּשׁוּעָה below); but actual existence of such a √ not proven; Gesenius' Thesaurus allows שׁוֹעַ = יְשׁוֹעַ)—noble, of rank (and, by implic., of character) Isaiah 32:5 (‖ נָדִיב, opposite כִּילַי), Job 34:19 (Dillmann al. rich, but ‖ שָׂרִים, opposite דַּל).—ii. שׁוֹעַ Isaiah 22:5, see sub [שָׁוַע]. iii. שׁוֹעַ n.pr.gent. Ezekiel 23:23, see שׁ׳.

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שׁוּעַ

n.pr.m. father of Judah’s wife, Septuagint Σαυα, Genesis 38:2 and (after construct בַּת) v Genesis 38:12 I Chronicles 2:3; see בַּת־שׁוּע p. 124 above, and compare on meaning (אֲבִי)שׁוּעַ p. 4, (אֱלִי)שׁוּעַ p. 46.

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שׁוּעַ²

n.[m.] opulence? (compare Arabic سَعَةٌ )—so AE al. Job 30:24(?) Job 36:19; but < v. sub [שָׁוַע].

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שׁוּעָא

n.pr.f. a woman of Asher I Chronicles 7:32; Septuagint Σωλα, SeptuagintL Σουα.

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שָׁרוֹן

n.pr.location Sharon (plausibly connected with √ ישׁר by Gesenius' Thesaurus Gesenius ¹² al., compare GASm^{Geogr. 52}; = יְשָׁרוֹן*; Phoenician שרן)—strictly noun (masc.) ^{Isaiah 65:10} plain, level;—

הַשּׁ׳ (with art.), name of maritime plain on Mediterr., from Joppa northward, noted for fertility, Isaiah 33:9 (‖ בָּשָׁן, כַּרְמֶל; Septuagint ὁ Σαρων), compare הֲדַר כַּרְמֶל וְהַשָּׁרוֹן Isaiah 35:2; Isaiah 65:10 (‖ עֵמֶק עָכוֹר; Septuagint τῷ δρυμῷ); חֲבַצֶּלֶת הַשּׁ׳ Song of Songs 2:1 (Septuagint ἄνθος τοῦ πεδίου); הַבָּקָר הָרֹעִים בַּשּׁ׳ I Chronicles 27:29; so also Joshua 12:18, where read מֶלֶךְ אֲפֵק לַשּׁ׳ so Dillmann Wellhausen^{Sam. 55} Gesenius ¹² after Septuagint, compare Robertson Smith^{OTJC 2, 273, 435}.—On this plain see GASm^{Geogr. 147 ff.} Buhl^{Geogr. § 65}.

מִגְרְשֵׁי שָׁרוֹן region E. of Jordan I Chronicles 5:16 (‖ גִּלְעָד, בָּשָׁן; Septuagint τὰ περίχωρα Τεριαμ, Septuagint A Σαρων); identified by many with הַמִּישׁוֹר (Deuteronomy 3:10).

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שַׁלְהֶ֫בֶת

noun (fem.) flame (Aramaic שַׁלְהוֹבִיתָא, ܫܰܠܗܶܒܺܝܬܳܐ )—in לַהֶבֶת שׁ׳ Ezekiel 21:3, of judgment; so שַׁלְהָ֑בֶת Job 15:30; רִשְׁפֵּי אֵשׁ שַׁלְהֶבֶתְיָה Song of Songs 8:6 that is Yahweh-flame = powerful flame (> Jäger^{BAS i.471} Jastrow^{JBL xiii (1894), 111} expl. ־יָה here as encl. particle)

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שִׂיאֹן

n.pr.mont., that is Hermon, הַר שׂ׳ הוּא חֶרְמוֹן Deuteronomy 4:48 (compare Dillmann Driver).

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שְׂאֵת

noun (fem.) 1. exaltation, dignity. 2. swelling. 3. uprising;—שׂ׳ absolute Genesis 4:7 +, construct Leviticus 13:28 +; with suffix שְׂאֵתוֹ Job 13:11 +; (מִ)שֵּׂתוֹ Job 41:17;—

dignity Genesis 49:3 (dignity of first-born), Psalms 62:5, of Chaldeans Habakkuk 1:7; of God, his exaltation, loftiness Job 13:11; Job 31:23.

swelling, eruption, בְּעוֹר בָּשָׂר Leviticus 13:2 (+ סַפַּחַת, בַּהֶרֶת), compare Leviticus 14:56 (+ the same); also Leviticus 13:10^(×2), Leviticus 13:19, Leviticus 13:28, שׂ׳ הַנֶּגַע v Leviticus 13:43 (all P).

uprising, Job 41:17 at his uprising the mighty are in dread.

Genesis 4:7 is doubtful;—is there not acceptance? Peshitta Vulgate al.; forgiveness Targum Holz al.; uplifting of countenance, cheerfulness, Ewald De Ke Dillmann Kau.

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שֶׂ֫פֶק

n.[m.] doubtful word; hand-clapping, that is mockery (?) (compare verb Job 27:23);—שָׂ֑פֶק Job 36:18 in difficult cl. כִּי־חֵמָה פֶּן־יְסִיתְךָ בְשׂ׳ because there is passion, (beware) lest it incite thee to mockery, Bae^Kau Davidson (but הסית בְּ = incite against, hence Budde reads לִשְׂפֹּק); De is not clear; others (as Dillmann): lest it (passion) excite thee at the chastisement (see √ 2; compare Gesenius' Thesaurus); Duhm reads מִשְׂפָּק לְחֵמָה lest chastisement incite thee to wrath.—On Job 20:22 (edd.) see שֵׂפֶק.

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שְׂאֹר

noun (masc.) ^{Exodus 12:19} leaven;—absolute שׂ׳ Exodus 13:7, Deuteronomy 16:4, Exodus 12:15, Exodus 12:19; Leviticus 2:11 (all P).

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שְׂאֵת²

see נשׂא.

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שׂוֹבֶךְ

n.[m.] network of boughs;—construct שׂ׳ הָאֵלָה II Samuel 18:9.

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שְׂבָכָה

noun (fem.) lattice-work, network;—absolute ר׳ I Kings 7:18 +, plural שְׂבָכוֹת v I Kings 7:41 +, שְׂבָכִים v I Kings 7:17;—

probably window-lattice II Kings 1:2.

net-ornament on pillars, I Kings 7:17^(×2) (om. Septuagint Kittel Benz), v I Kings 7:18, I Kings 7:20 (crpt., (compare Kittel Benz), v I Kings 7:41, I Kings 7:42^(×2) II Chronicles 4:12, II Chronicles 4:13^(×2) II Kings 25:17^(×2) ‖ Jeremiah 52:22, Jeremiah 52:23.

network, toils, for catching animals (figuratively) Job 18:8 (+ רֶשֶׁת, פַּח, צַמִּים).

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שָׂבֵעַ

verb be sated, satisfied, surfeited (Mishnaic Hebrew (der. spec.) = Biblical Hebrew; so Assyrian šebû, Arabic شَبِعَ, Aramaic סְבַע, ܣܒܰܥ, Palmyrene שבע; the Ethiopic verb of same meaning is ጸግበ: );—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שָׂבַע I Chronicles 23:1, וְשׂ׳ consec. Deuteronomy 31:20; 3rd plural שָׂבֵ֑עוּ Isaiah 9:19, ושׂ׳ consec. Deuteronomy 14:29; Deuteronomy 26:12, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׂבַּע Proverbs 12:11 +, 3rd masculine plural יִשְׂבְּעוּן Psalms 104:28, etc.; imperative (ציווי) שְׂבַע־ Proverbs 20:13; infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׂבוֹעַ Joel 2:26 II Chronicles 31:10; construct לִשְׂבֹּעַ Exodus 16:8 Lamentations 5:6, לְשָׂבְעָה Haggai 1:6;—

be sated (with food), especially human subj.:

absolute, after אָכַל, Hosea 4:10; Isaiah 9:19; Deuteronomy 8:10; Exodus 16:8, + 11 times, compare Isaiah 44:16 (‖ אָכַל); exposing men to arrogance Deuteronomy 6:11; Deuteronomy 8:12; Deuteronomy 31:20, compare Hosea 13:6^(×2) (Isr. under figuratively of cattle), Jeremiah 50:19 (the same; c. ב location; ‖ רָעָה graze); = have (or get) enough to eat Psalms 37:19; Psalms 59:16, enough to drink Amos 4:8, figuratively of sword Jeremiah 46:10, of wine Habakkuk 2:5.

with a direct object of food Jeremiah 44:17; Lamentations 5:6; Exodus 16:12, + 6 times, compare Ezekiel 39:20 (of beasts, in figuratively), of earth, sated with water (rain) Proverbs 30:16, so of trees (direct object om.) Psalms 104:16, figuratively of requital Proverbs 18:20.

c. מִן of food Job 19:22 (figuratively); figuratively of earth having its fill (of rain) Psalms 104:13, and (figuratively of requital) Proverbs 18:20; good sense Proverbs 12:14 (del. טוֹב, so Toy), bad sense Proverbs 1:31; Proverbs 14:14; c. מִן of source Isaiah 66:11 (figuratively).

more generally, be sated, have desire satisfied:

absolute Ezekiel 16:28, Ezekiel 16:29 (that is with harlotry), Jeremiah 50:10 (with plunder), Isaiah 53:11 (with a given result); of eyes Proverbs 27:20, of Sh^eʾôl and Abaddōn v Proverbs 27:20, compare Proverbs 30:15; = have abundance Proverbs 30:9 (exposure to arrogance).

with a direct object, be satisfied with, have one’s fill of: Jeremiah 31:14, compare Psalms 17:15; Psalms 63:6;Proverbs 5:10; Ecclesiastes 5:9, compare (eye subj.) Ecclesiastes 4:8, direct object of sons Psalms 17:14 (si vera l., but text doubtful, see Olshausen Duhm, compare Bae Wellhausen), days of life, that is reach the full limit (+ זָקֵן) I Chronicles 23:1; II Chronicles 24:15.

c. ב of goodness Psalms 65:5, c. מִן the same Ecclesiastes 6:3.

c. ל inf., לֹא־תִשְׂבַּע עַיִן לִרְאוֹת Ecclesiastes 1:8 (‖ מָלֵא).

have in excess, be surfeited with:

literally, with honey (direct object) Proverbs 25:16.

figuratively = be weary of, with a direct object of offerings Isaiah 1:11 (subj. י׳), tossings Job 7:4, poverty Proverbs 28:19, shame Habakkuk 2:16, contempt Psalms 123:3, Psalms 123:4, with a direct object person Proverbs 25:17.

the same, c. ב of troubles Psalms 88:4, of reproach Lamentations 3:30.

participle (בינוני) נִשְׂבָּע sated Job 31:31.

satisfy, future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יְשַׂבֵּ֑עוּ Ezekiel 7:19 they shall not satisfy their appetite (נֶפֶשׁ; ‖ מִלֵּא); imperative (ציווי) ms. with suffix, subj. י׳, שַׂבְּעֵנוּ חַסְדֶּ֑ךָ Psalms 90:14 (2 direct object).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִשְׂבִּיעַ Psalms 107:9, וְה׳ consec. Isaiah 58:11; 2nd feminine singular הִשְׂבַּ֫עַתְּ Ezekiel 27:33, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix יַשְׂבִּעַנִי Job 9:18, 2nd masculine singular תַּשְׂבִּיעַ Isaiah 58:10, 1st singular וָאַשְׂבִּעַ Jeremiah 5:7, with suffix אַשְׂבִּיעֶ֑ךָּ Psalms 81:17 van d. H., אַשְׂבִּיעֶ֑ךָֿ Baer Gi, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct לְהַשְׂבִּיעַ Job 38:27; participle (בינוני) מַשְׂבִּיעַ Psalms 103:5; Psalms 145:16;—

satisfy (especially with material blessings), subj. י׳, with a direct object person Jeremiah 5:7 (exposing men to arrogance), Isaiah 58:11 (direct object נֶפֶשׁ; of refreshment in drought, ב location, figuratively of help and blessing), Psalms 107:9 (direct object נֶפֶשׁ; ‖ מִלֵּא), compare Psalms 103:5 (ב instr., on direct object see עֲדִי); with a direct object of ground Job 38:27 (that is with rain); human subj., with a direct object נֶפֶשׁ Isaiah 58:10.

with a direct object of food + person, י׳ subj., Psalms 81:17 (‖ הֶאֱכִיל), Psalms 105:40; Psalms 132:15; Psalms 147:14; with a direct object person + אֹרֶךְ יָמִים Psalms 91:16.

י׳ subj., direct object rei + ל person, מַשׂ׳ לְכָל־חַי רָצוֹן Psalms 145:16.

י׳ subj., with a direct object of beasts + מִמְּךָ (of Pharaoh, in prophetic figuratively) Ezekiel 32:4.

enrich, subj. Tyre, with a direct object gent. Ezekiel 27:33 (‖ הֶעֱשִׁיר).

sate, glut (with the undesired), subj. י׳, with a direct object person + ב rei Lamentations 3:15, direct object person + rei Job 9:18.

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שֹׂ֫בַע

n.[m.] satiety, abundance;—absolute לָשׂ׳ Exodus 16:3 +, construct שׂבַע Psalms 16:11, לְשׂ׳ Proverbs 13:25; with suffix שָׂבְעֶ֑ךָ Deuteronomy 23:25, שָׂבְעָהּ Ruth 2:18;—

satiety, as to food Ruth 2:18; לָשׂ׳ (לֶחֶם) אָכַל Exodus 16:3, Leviticus 25:19; Leviticus 26:5 (both H), compare לָשׂ׳ Psalms 78:25; אָכַל … כְּנַפְשְׁךָ שׂ׳ Deuteronomy 23:25 eat grapes according to thine appetite, (namely) thy fill, compare אָכַל לְשׂ׳ נַפְשׁוֹ Proverbs 13:25.

satisfying abundance, שׂ׳ שְׂמָחוֹת Psalms 16:11.

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שָׂבְעָה

[שִׂבְעָה] noun (fem.) satiety;—absolute שׂ׳ Isaiah 56:11 +, construct שִׂבְעַת־ Ezekiel 16:49, with suffix שָׂבְעָתֵךְ v Ezekiel 16:28;—

as to food, especially אָכַל לְשׂ׳ eat to satiety, one’s fill, Isaiah 23:18; Ezekiel 39:19; לְשׂ׳ also Isaiah 55:2 (figuratively); שׂ׳ of dogs Isaiah 56:11 (figuratively); שׂ׳־לֶחֶם leading to arrogance, as sin of Sodom Ezekiel 16:49 (+ גָּאוֹן, etc.).

as to carnal desire Ezekiel 16:28 (figuratively).

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שָׂבָע

noun (masc.) ^{Genesis 41:29} plenty, satiety;—only absolute שׂ׳;—

plenty, of bread-stuffs Genesis 41:29, Genesis 41:30, Genesis 41:31, Genesis 41:34, Genesis 41:47, Genesis 41:53, Proverbs 3:10.

satiety, Ecclesiastes 5:11.

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שָׂבֵעַ²

adjective sated, satisfied, surfeited;—absolute שׂ׳ Genesis 25:8; Proverbs 19:23; construct שְׂבַע Deuteronomy 33:23 +; fs. שְׂבֵעָה Proverbs 27:7; mpl. שְׂבֵעִים I Samuel 2:5;—

sated with food, c. בַּלֶּחֶם I Samuel 2:5; נֶפֶשׁ שְׂבֵעָה Proverbs 27:7 (opposite נ׳ רְעֵבָה); abounding in י׳’s favour (שְׂבַע רָצוֹן) Deuteronomy 33:23 (‖ מָלֵא); absolute satisfied Proverbs 19:23.

in phr. שְׂבַע יָמִים satisfied with days, in a good old age, Genesis 35:29, Job 42:17 (both + זָקֵן), I Chronicles 29:28 (+ בְּשֵׂיבָה טוֹבָה), also absolute שָׂבֵ֑עַ Genesis 25:8 (P; + the same + זָקֵן).

bad sense, surfeited with trouble, etc.: שְׂבַע רֹגֶז Job 14:1, שׂ׳ קָלוֹן Job 10:15.

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שָׂבַר

verb inspect, examine (van d. H. שֹׁבֵר [so Septuagint συντρίβων], but Mas. שׂ׳ see Norzi; hence connex. with Arabic سَبَرَ probe a wound, try, examine, improb., and this (according to Frä²⁶¹) denom. from Aramaic loan-word; improb. also is connex. with Aramaic סְבַר think (compare following), Kau^{Aramaic im AT, 85});—

participle (בינוני) שֹׂבֵר, c. ב obj., Nehemiah 2:13, Nehemiah 2:15 I examined into the wall, inspected it closely.

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שָׂבַר²

verb

wait, hope (Aramaism; compare Aramaic סְבַר think, Pa. hope; ܣܒܰܪ believe, hope, Pa. think, Aph. hope);—past (עבר) 1st singular שִׂבַּרְתִּי Psalms 119:166, 3rd plural שִׂבְּרוּ Esther 9:1; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יְשַׂבְּרוּ Isaiah 38:18, יְשַׂבֵּ֑רוּ Psalms 145:15, יְשַׂבֵּר֑וּן Psalms 104:27; Psalms 104:2 fpl. תְּשַׂבֵּרְנָה Ruth 1:13;—

wait + לָהֵן therefor Ruth 1:13.

hope for, ל rei Psalms 119:166, אֶל rei Isaiah 38:18, אֶל person Psalms 104:27; Psalms 145:15; ל inf. Esther 9:1 hope to rule.

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שַׂגִּיא

adjective great;—of God, absolute אֵל שַׂגִּיא Job 36:26; construct שַׂגִּיא־כֹחַ Job 37:23.

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שְׂגוּב

n.pr.m. (exalted);—

son of rebuilder of Jericho (Hiel) I Kings 16:34 Qr (Kt שׂגיב; Ζεγουβ; SeptuagintL om. see).

of Judah I Chronicles 2:21, I Chronicles 2:22 (Σερουχ, SeptuagintL Σεγουβ).

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שָׂדַי

noun (masc.) ^{Psalms 96:12} field, land (rare orig. form of שָׂדֶה (q.see below), only poet.);—absolute שׂ׳ Jeremiah 4:17, שָׂדָ֑י Hosea 10:4 +;—

cultivated field Hosea 12:12, also Hosea 10:4 (si vera l., but see Nowack), yielding food Deuteronomy 32:13 Lamentations 4:9; שֹׁמְרֵי שׂ׳ Jeremiah 4:17 keepers, watchmen, of a field.

home of wild beasts: בְּהֵמוֹת שׂ׳ Psalms 8:8 Joel 2:22, חַיְתוֹ שׂ׳ Isaiah 56:9 Psalms 104:11, זִיז שׂ׳ Psalms 50:11; Psalms 80:14.

plain, opposite mt., Jeremiah 18:14 (but doubtful, Co Duhm שִׂרְיֹן).

land, opposite sea, Psalms 96:12 (compare שָׂדֶה 3; ‖ תֵּבֵל Psalms 98:7).

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שָׂדֶה

noun (masc.) Leviticus 27:24 the same (ordinary contr. form Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 84 a f);—absolute שׂ׳ Genesis 2:5^(×2) +; construct שְׂדֵה Genesis 14:7 +; with suffix שָׂדִי Jeremiah 32:7, Jeremiah 32:8, שָֽׂדְךָ Deuteronomy 11:15 +, שָׂדֶ֑ךָ Deuteronomy 24:19 Leviticus 25:3, etc.; plural שָׂדוֹת I Samuel 22:7 +, construct שְׂדוֹת Nehemiah 12:29; also שְׂדֵי II Samuel 1:21; Isaiah 32:12; Ruth 1:1 + 8 times (some might be singular = שְׂדֵה compare Barth^{ZMG xiii (1888), 351} Siegfried-Stade Buhl; note, for example שְׂדֵי Ruth 1:6, = שְׂדֵה v b; Ruth 4:3; but see Konig^{ii. 1, 77}); with suffix שְׂדֹתֶיהָ Nehemiah 11:30, etc.; also שָׂדֶיךָ I Kings 2:26, שָׂדֵינוּ Micah 2:4;—

open field, country:

pasture-land Genesis 29:2; Genesis 30:16; Exodus 9:3 (all J), Deuteronomy 11:15; I Samuel 11:5 + 10 times J, JE.

unfrequented Genesis 24:63, Genesis 24:65, exposed to violence Genesis 4:8, II Samuel 14:6; Deuteronomy 21:1; Deuteronomy 22:25, Deuteronomy 22:27, to wild beasts Exodus 22:30, Ezekiel 33:27.

specif. home of beasts: II Samuel 17:8; Jeremiah 14:5; especially phr. חַיַּת הַשּׂ׳ Genesis 2:19, Genesis 2:20; Genesis 3:1, Genesis 3:14 (all J) of beasts in generally, and, of wild beasts, Exodus 23:11, Exodus 23:29, Hosea 2:14, Hosea 2:20; Hosea 4:3; Hosea 13:8; Deuteronomy 7:22; Leviticus 26:22, Job 5:23 (‖ חַיַּת הָאָרֶץ), + 16 times; בֶּהֱמַת הַשּׂ׳ I Samuel 17:44 compare Joel 1:20; אַיְלוֹת הַשּׂ׳ Song of Songs 2:7; Song of Songs 3:5, compare הַצְּבָיִם אֲשֶׁר בַּשּׂ׳ II Samuel 2:18; hunting-ground Genesis 25:29; Genesis 27:3, Genesis 27:5 (all JE), compare אִישׁ שׂ׳ Genesis 25:27 (JE; ‖ אִישׁ יֹדֵעַ צַיִד).

yielding plants and trees: Genesis 25:27, Genesis 30:14, Exodus 10:5, II Kings 4:39; Ezekiel 21:2; Ezekiel 39:10; especially phr. עֵשֶׂב הַשּׂ׳ Genesis 2:5; Genesis 3:18 (both J), + 6 times + ע׳ בַּשּׂ׳ Zechariah 10:1; שִׂיחַ הַשּׂ׳ Genesis 2:5, גֶּפֶן שׂ׳ II Kings 4:39, פַּקֻּעֹת שׂ׳ v II Kings 4:39, צִיץ הַשּׂ׳ Isaiah 40:15 Psalms 103:15, צֶמַח הַשּׂ׳ Ezekiel 16:7; עֵץ חַשּׂ׳ (4 times עֲצֵי) Exodus 9:25, Deuteronomy 20:19; Leviticus 26:4 Isaiah 55:12 + 8 times; II Samuel 1:21 see תְּרוּמָה, √ רום.

stony, אַבְנֵי הַשּׂ׳ Job 5:23.

open country, outside of walled city Judges 9:32, Judges 9:42, Judges 9:43, Judges 9:44; Judges 19:16; I Samuel 19:3; I Samuel 20:5, I Samuel 20:11^(×2), I Samuel 20:24, I Samuel 20:35; II Kings 7:12 Micah 4:10; as battle-ground Joshua 8:24, II Samuel 10:8 = I Chronicles 19:9; II Samuel 11:23; II Samuel 18:6, outside of military camp I Samuel 4:2; I Samuel 14:15; opposite city (in formula) I Kings 14:11; I Kings 16:4; I Kings 21:24; Jeremiah 14:18; Ezekiel 7:15; שְׂדֵה אֶרֶץ Leviticus 25:31; as site of small town, country-town I Samuel 27:5 (opposite royal city), compare I Chronicles 27:25; of high places, גְּבָעוֹת בַּשּׂ׳ Jeremiah 13:27; quite generally, I Samuel 30:11; Jeremiah 40:7, Jeremiah 40:13; including road Judges 20:31; I Kings 11:29; Jeremiah 6:25; disting. from road Numbers 22:23, II Samuel 20:12; outside houses and courtyards Exodus 8:9, I Samuel 25:15; בַּשּׂ׳ nearly = outdoors Exodus 1:14, Judges 13:9; of surface of country or ground, בַּשּׂ׳ Exodus 16:25; = עַל־פְּנֵי הַמִּדְבָּר v Exodus 16:14), compare I Samuel 14:25; so עַל־פְּנֵי הַשּׂ׳ (אֶל) II Kings 9:37; Jeremiah 9:22; Ezekiel 29:5 (‖ הַמִּדְבָּ֫רָה), Ezekiel 32:4; Ezekiel 39:5; sample phr. opposite house, comfort, etc., II Samuel 11:11; Ezekiel 16:5, opposite city Leviticus 14:7, Leviticus 14:53, opposite tent Numbers 19:16 (all P), opposite tent of meeting Leviticus 17:5.

= expanse of country, opposite mt., in phr. מְרוֹמֵי שׂ׳ Judges 5:18; הֲרָרִי בַּשּׂ׳ Jeremiah 17:3 (of Jerus.) is doubtful; compare לְעִי הַשּׂ׳ Micah 1:6 (Je 18:14 see שָׂדַי).

definite portion of ground, field, land:

cultivated ground Genesis 37:7, Genesis 47:24 (J; זֶרַע הַשָּׂדֶה), Exodus 22:4^(×3), Exodus 22:5, Leviticus 27:16, Leviticus 27:17, Micah 3:12 (in sim.) Ruth 2:2 + 47 times, + שְׂדֵי תְרוּמוֹת II Samuel 1:21, שׂ׳־זָ֑רַע Ezekiel 17:5, שָׂדֶה טוֹב v Ezekiel 17:8 good soil.

as private property, Micah 2:2, Micah 2:4; Isaiah 5:8^(×2); Genesis 47:20, Genesis 23:9, Genesis 23:11, Genesis 23:13 + 50 times, + II Chronicles 26:23 (as burial-place); also חֶלְקַת (הַ)שּׂ׳, see חֶלְקָה; and שׂ׳ צֹפִים, see צפה.

city-land, adjacent to city (town) and subject to its control: Genesis 41:48, Leviticus 25:34, Joshua 21:12 = I Chronicles 6:41; Nehemiah 11:25; Nehemiah 11:30; Nehemiah 12:39, Nehemiah 12:44; specif. of Zoan Psalms 78:12, Psalms 78:43.

territory of nation, tribe: Genesis 32:4; Numbers 21:20 (both JE), Judges 5:4; Ruth 1:1, Ruth 1:2; Genesis 14:7 + 13 times + שְׂדֵה נַחֲלַת יִשׂ׳ Judges 20:6.

personal estate of king, II Samuel 9:7; II Samuel 19:30.

land, opposite sea, I Chronicles 16:32 (opposite הַיָּם; = שָׂדַי Psalms 96:12), perhaps also mainland Ezekiel 26:6, Ezekiel 26:8 (Co Krae Toy al.; not Smend).

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שֶׂה

noun (masc.) ^{Genesis 30:32} and (less often) f. ^{Jeremiah 50:17} one of a flock, a sheep (or goat) (Assyrian šuʾu, Arabic شَاةٌ, plural شَآءٌ, شِوَاهٌ, etc. (also wild ox), compare Egyptian sau, sheep Bondi⁶⁵, compare Id.^{Barth NB § 2 b δ});—absolute שֶׂה Genesis 30:32 +, construct שֵׂה Isaiah 43:23 +; with suffix שֵׂיוֹ Deuteronomy 22:1, שְׂיֵ֫הוּ I Samuel 14:34; not in plural;—

a sheep, or goat, nom. unit. of צֹאן: as property Genesis 30:32^(×2) (E; + צֹאן coll., כְּשָׂבִים, עִזִּים), Exodus 21:37^(×2) (+ שׁוֹר, צֹאן coll.), Exodus 22:3 (+ שׁוֹר, חֲמוֹר), v Exodus 22:8 (the same), v Exodus 22:9 (the same; all E); Deuteronomy 22:1 (+ שׁוֹר), I Samuel 17:34 (זה Kt van d. H. erron., see Baer Driver), roaming pasture Isaiah 7:25, straying Psalms 119:176 (sim.), slaughtered Isaiah 53:7 (in sim.); + שׁוֹר, חֲמוֹר Judges 6:4; I Samuel 22:19; Joshua 6:21, + the same + גָּמָל I Samuel 15:3; as sacrifice Genesis 22:7, Genesis 22:8, Exodus 13:13; Leviticus 5:12; Leviticus 12:8; Numbers 15:11 (שׂ׳ בַּכְּבָשִׂים אוֹ בָּעִזִּים; all P), Deuteronomy 18:3 (+ שׁוֹר), Isaiah 43:23; Isaiah 66:3 (+ שׁוֹר), מִן־הַצֹּאן Ezekiel 45:15; compare Exodus 34:19 (+ שׁוֹר), v Exodus 34:20, Leviticus 27:26 (P; + שׁוֹר); fit for sacrifice Leviticus 22:28; unfit v Leviticus 22:23, Deuteronomy 17:1 (both + שׁוֹר); as food I Samuel 14:34 (+ שׁוֹר), שׂ׳ כְּשָׂבִים וְשׂ׳ עִזִּים Deuteronomy 14:4 (+ the same); for passover Exodus 12:3^(×2), Exodus 12:4^(×2), Exodus 12:5; figuratively of Isr. Ezekiel 34:17^(×2) (‖ אֵילִים, עַתּוּדִים), v Ezekiel 34:20^(×2), Ezekiel 34:22^(×2).

coll. flock: שֶׂה פְזוּרָה Jeremiah 50:17 (= צֹאן אֹבְדוֹת v Jeremiah 50:6).

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שׂוּט

verb swerve, fall away (akin to שָׂטָה q.see; Mishnaic Hebrew סוּט Hiph. is shake, move away; Assyrian šâṭu, rebel, Meissn⁹⁰; Ethiopic ሦጠ: bring back, restore; in Targum apostatize is סְטָא);—

participle (בינוני) plural construct וְשָׂטֵי כָזָב Psalms 40:5 those falling away to falsehood (Gunk^{Schöpf. 40} וְשָׂטָה).

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שֵׂט

n.[m.

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שׂוּךְ

verb hedge or fence up, about (= II. סוּךְ, q.see);—

past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular שַׂכְתָּ בַעֲדוֹ Job 1:10 hast fenced him about (protectingly); participle (בינוני) שָׂךְ Hosea 2:8 I will hedge up (obstruct) thy way (direct object).

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שׂוֹךְ

n.[m.] branch or brushwood;—with suffix 3rd masculine singular שׂוֹכֹה Judges 9:49 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 91 e; but see GFM Budde).

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שׂוֹכָה

noun (fem.) the same,—construct שׂוֹכַת עֵצִים Judges 9:48 + perhaps absolute שׂוֹכָה v Judges 9:49 (so Septuagint Doorn for Masoretic Text שׂוֹכֹה).

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שׂוֹכֹה

n.pr.location in Judah:

in Shephelah, שׂוֹכֹה Joshua 15:35; I Samuel 17:1^(×2) (from Septuagint Σοκχωθ HPS (after Wellhausen, compare Driver) conjunction שׂכות), שׂוֹכוֹ II Chronicles 11:7; II Chronicles 28:18, perhaps also שֹׂכֹה I Kings 4:10 (Buhl Benz Siegfried-Stade [‘perhaps’]; Th Kittel sub 2); mod. Eš-Šuwēke, SSE. from Beth Shemesh, in Wady-es-Sanṭ Rob^{BR i.494} Buhl^Geogr.194; Σωχω, Σοκχωθ, etc.

in hill-country, Joshua 15:48 (Kt שׂוכה, Qr שׂוכוֹ), probably also שׂוֹכוֹ I Chronicles 4:18 (‘son’ of חֶבֶר); mod. Šuwêke, 4 h. S. of חֶבְרוֹן Rob^{BR ii. 16. 21} Buhl^{Geogr. 164}; Σωχω(ν).

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שׂוּכָתִים

adjective gent. m. plural a family of scribes I Chronicles 2:55; Σωχαθιειμ, SeptuagintL Σουχαθειμ.

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שׂוּם

verb put, place, set (compare Noldeke^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 532}; Mishnaic Hebrew סוּם Pi. designate, fix, שׂום Ecclus 45:5c; 49:6; Phoenician שם, Assyrian šâmu, fix, determine; Sab. שׂים set, set up, SabDenkm^{Noldeke. 7, 1. 6} CIS^{iv. 1}; Arabic شَامَ (ى) is insert, sheathe, also compute; Ethiopic ሤመ: put, place; Targum שׂוּם, Syriac ܣܳܡ, Old Aramaic שים);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שָׂם Genesis 21:14 + (II Chronicles 1:5 read שָׂם Septuagint Vulgate Gi Be Kau Benz), with suffix שָׂמוֹ Ezekiel 17:4 +, שָׂמָ֫הוּ Ezekiel 7:20; 3rd feminine singular שָׂ֫מָה I Samuel 19:13, with suffix שָׂמָ֫תְהוּ Ezekiel 19:5; Ezekiel 24:7; 2nd masculine singular שַׂמְתָּ Jeremiah 32:20 +; 3rd plural שָׂמוּ Genesis 40:15 +; 1st plural שַׂמְנוּ Isaiah 28:15, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָשׂוּם Exodus 4:11, יָשִׂים Genesis 30:42 +, יָשִׂם Job 23:6; juss. יָשֵׂם I Samuel 22:15 +; וַיָּ֫שֶׂם Genesis 2:8 +; with suffix יְשִׂמֵנִי II Samuel 15:4, וַיְשִׂימְךָ I Kings 10:9; 2nd feminine singular וַתָּשִׂימִי Isaiah 51:23; וָאָשִׂים I Samuel 28:21 +, וָאָשִׂ֫ימָה Ezra 8:17; Judges 12:3 Qr (Kt ואישׂמה); 2nd masculine plural תָּשִׂימוּ Genesis 32:17 +, תְּשִׂימ֫וּן Exodus 22:24 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שִׂים Genesis 24:2 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute שׂוֹם Deuteronomy 17:15 +, construct שׂוּם Genesis 44:7 +, שִׂים Job 20:4 + II Samuel 14:7 Qr (Kt שׂום), שׂימו Isaiah 10:6 Kt (Qr שׂוּמוֹ), etc.; participle (בינוני) שָׂם Amos 7:8 +, fs. הַשָּׂמָ֫ה Isaiah 51:10 (so read for Masoretic Text הַשָּׂ֫מָה); plural שָׂמִים Malachi 2:2 +; passive שִׂים Numbers 24:21 (compare Dillmann), Obadiah 1:4; f. according to most שׂוּמָה II Samuel 13:32 (van d. H. שׂימה Kt), but see below; שִׂימָ֫ה Psalms 56:9 Bae Buhl, but most imperative (ציווי) ms.;—put, set (often ‖ נָתָן 2, q.see), with a direct object person vel rei (expr. or impl.):

put, set, in a place, + שָׁם Genesis 2:8, + direct object location Genesis 28:11 + 5 times +, c. 2 direct object + location, II Kings 10:8 heads (in) heaps at (direct object location), compare Leviticus 24:6 (עַל); + ב Genesis 40:15, figuratively of י׳, put his name, בִּירוּשׁ׳ II Kings 21:7 = II Chronicles 33:7, compare c. שָׁם I Kings 9:3; Deuteronomy 12:5 + 6 times; especially ב of receptacle Genesis 31:34, Exodus 2:3, Judges 6:19 + often; sackcloth on (ב) loins Genesis 37:34, I Kings 20:31, crown on head Zechariah 6:11; Esther 1:17, shoes on feet Ezekiel 24:17; hook, etc., in nose II Kings 19:28 = Isaiah 37:29; Job 40:26, incense בְּאַפֶּ֑ךָ Deuteronomy 33:10, that is cause thee (י׳) to smell it; feet in stocks (figuratively) Job 13:27; Job 33:11; knife into throat Proverbs 23:2 (figuratively of self-restraint, Fl in De); words into mouth Exodus 4:15, Numbers 22:38 + 8 times, + Deuteronomy 31:19 teach to say or sing; into heart Job 22:22, ins. also I Samuel 29:10 Septuagint Th Wellhausen Driver Kittel Budde HPS; trust in God Psalms 78:7; (guilt of) blood into house Deuteronomy 22:8, compare Judges 9:24 (עַל person; so, c. נָתַן Deuteronomy 21:8; Jeremiah 26:15; Jonah 1:14); something into hand Exodus 4:21, of wonders, that is enable hand to do them; elsewhere = take, of hammer Judges 4:21, booty I Kings 20:6, so (figuratively) take one’s life (נֶפֶשׁ) into one’s palm (that is risk it) Judges 12:3; I Samuel 19:5; I Samuel 28:21; Job 13:14; put eyes בַּפּוּךְ II Kings 9:30 (see פּוּךְ, compare Isaiah 54:11); נֶפֶשׁ (= person), בַּחַיִּים Psalms 66:9 (subj. י׳); set men at (the use of) implements II Samuel 12:31 (probably, compare Driver HPS; > וַיָּשַׂר(ם) sawed them with, as ‖ I Chronicles 20:3, Th Wellhausen); I Kings 2:5 (‖ נתן) is doubtful; SeptuagintL Klostermann Kittel read וַיִּקֹּם; charge something against (ב person; properly put in, that is attribute, impute, to) I Samuel 22:15; Job 4:18; so, c. ל person Deuteronomy 22:14, compare (ל om.) v Deuteronomy 22:17; put בְּקֶרֶב Amos 7:8; Isaiah 63:11, בְּתוֹךְ Ezekiel 26:12.

put something upon (עַל) Numbers 21:8, Numbers 21:9 + often; jewels, clothes, on person Genesis 24:17, Genesis 41:42, Leviticus 8:8, Ruth 3:3, turban Zechariah 3:5^(×2); Exodus 29:5, Leviticus 8:9 compare (preposition om.) Job 24:15; Job 36:13 (figuratively), girdle Jeremiah 13:1, Jeremiah 13:2, sackcloth I Kings 21:27; שׂ׳ אָדָם עַל־הָאָרֶץ Job 20:4 (of man’s creation); of siege and siege engines, עַל = against, Micah 4:14; Ezekiel 4:2; Ezekiel 23:24; put, lay, upon (עַל), II Kings 4:29 +; hand Genesis 48:18 + 3 times, + upon mouth, in silence Judges 18:19; Job 21:5, and awe Micah 7:16, so c. ל Job 29:9, לְמוֹ Job 40:4, Job 40, upon (עַל) head II Samuel 13:19 (in despair, compare Jeremiah 2:37); direct object of disease Exodus 15:26, so (ב person) v Exodus 15:26 Deuteronomy 7:16; figuratively, spirit (עַל) Numbers 11:17, name Numbers 6:27, duty Job 37:15 (?), reproach I Samuel 11:2, רָעָה תַּחַת טוֹבָה Psalms 109:5 (Peshitta Bae וַיָשִׁיבוּ, so, or וַיְשַׁלְּמוּ, Hup Cheyne); שׂ׳ עַל לֵב Song of Songs 8:6 (sim.), so, figuratively, = remember, treasure up, Isaiah 42:25; Isaiah 47:7 (‖ זָכַר), + 6 times, c. אֶל II Samuel 13:33; II Samuel 19:20 (‖ the same); c. ב I Samuel 21:13; compare שׂ׳ בְּאָזְנֵי Exodus 17:14, impress upon.

put, lay, set, c. ל, II Kings 11:16 lay (violent) hands on = II Chronicles 23:15; put end to Job 18:2; Job 28:3; set לְמָרוֹם Job 5:11; render glory to Joshua 7:19 (JE; ‖ נָתַן), Isaiah 42:12; make covenant with II Samuel 23:5; set food for Genesis 43:32, II Samuel 12:20, preposition om. Genesis 43:31, so c. לִפְנֵי I Samuel 9:24; I Samuel 28:22; II Kings 6:22; שׂ׳ לִפְנֵי elsewhere Judges 18:21, of precedence Genesis 48:20; set laws (as authoritative) לִפְנֵי Exodus 19:7; Exodus 21:1 (both E), Deuteronomy 4:44; God (as moral ruler) לְנֶגְדָּם Psalms 54:5; Psalms 86:14; שׂ׳ נֶגֶד also Genesis 31:37, נֹכַח Ezekiel 14:4, Ezekiel 14:7; לְעֵינֵי Genesis 30:41.

put, c. בֵּין Joshua 24:7 + 5 times (Exodus 8:19 see פְּדוּת p. 804), + Genesis 30:36, Genesis 32:17, put space between; c. תַּחַת Exodus 17:12, + 3 times (Obadiah 1:7 del. לַחְמְךָ Wellhausen GASm Nowack al.) + שׂ׳ יָד תַּחַת יָרֵךְ in oath Genesis 24:2, Genesis 24:9; Genesis 47:29 (all J); put, c. אֶל location I Samuel 6:11, I Samuel 6:15; I Samuel 19:13 Habakkuk 2:15, אֶל person Job 5:8 commit unto; c. אֵצֶל rei Leviticus 6:3, מִצַּד rei Deuteronomy 31:26; שׂ׳ עִמְּךָ I Samuel 9:23 lay up something with thee, reserve it; put, c. יַחַד Micah 2:12 put together = collect (‖ אָסַף, קִבֵּץ); without modifier I Kings 18:23, I Kings 18:25; Job 14:15; Ezekiel 30:21 apply bandage (‖ נָתַן).

set, direct:

sword against (ב) Judges 7:22; figuratively extend compassion, ל person Isaiah 47:6

direct לֵב, לֵבָב (mind) toward, pay attention to, c. ל, Deuteronomy 32:46; I Samuel 9:20; Ezekiel 40:4; Ezekiel 44:5; c. אֶל Exodus 9:21, I Samuel 25:25; II Samuel 18:3^(×2); Job 2:3; Job 34:14 (Budde Duhm del. לֵב and read יָשִׁיב רוּחוֹ); c. עַל Haggai 1:5, Haggai 1:7; Job 1:8; compl. om. Ezekiel 44:5 a Haggai 2:15, Haggai 2:18^(×2); Isaiah 41:22; Judges 19:30 read perhaps לְבַבְכֶם for לָכֶם (or עֵצָה for עֻצוּ); לֵב om. Job 4:20, Isaiah 41:20 (+ רָאָה, יָדַע, הִשְׂכִּיל), c. ב person Job 23:6 (so Budde, who cps. Job 4:20; Job 24:12; Job 34:23, but all cases doubtful); שִׂים לֵב, c. עַל = intend Daniel 1:8 (obj. cl.).

set face (פָּנִים) toward (direct object location) Genesis 31:21, + לָבוֹא Jeremiah 42:15^(×2), Jeremiah 42:17; Jeremiah 44:12, compare II Kings 12:18; Daniel 11:17; c. אֶל, toward or against (implying opposition) Ezekiel 6:2 + 5 times Ez, c. עַל Ezekiel 29:2; Ezekiel 35:2, c. דֶּרֶךְ of direction Ezekiel 21:2; c. ב (figuratively of oppos., subj. י׳): הִנְנִי שָׂם פָּנַי בָּכֶם לְרָעָה Jeremiah 44:11, compare Jeremiah 21:10 Ezekiel 15:7 (‖ נתן), Leviticus 20:5; c. ל rei (human subj.) Daniel 11:18 Qr (< Kt ישׁב); c. עַל person + לִמְלֹךְ of purpose I Kings 2:15; set eyes (עֵינַים) upon, c. עַל person = behold Genesis 44:21, = look after, take care of, Jeremiah 39:12; Jeremiah 40:4, לְטוֹבָה Jeremiah 24:6, but לְרָעָה Amos 9:4.

set, ordain, with a direct object rei Numbers 24:23 (> direct object person Dillmann).

set, establish a law, statute, + ל person Exodus 15:25; Joshua 24:25 (both E), compare Proverbs 8:29; + ב location Isaiah 42:4 Psalms 78:5 (‖ הֵקִים), also Psalms 81:6; Jeremiah 33:25 + II Samuel 20:19 (שָׂמוּ for שְׁלֻמֵי Septuagint Ewald Wellhausen Kittel Budde HPS, compare Driver); establish something as (ל) law Genesis 47:26, I Samuel 30:25 (+ ל person); establish bazaars (as a right), ב location, I Kings 20:34; appoint a set time Exodus 9:5, Job 34:23 (reading מוֹעֵד for עוֹד GHBWr Budde), ins. (perhaps) I Samuel 13:8 so Driver Klostermann HPS (> ins. אמר Th Wellhausen Budde Kittel, after Septuagint Targum); a place, + ל person Exodus 21:13; II Samuel 7:10 = I Chronicles 17:9, ל rei I Kings 8:21 (+ שָׁם).

set, found a nation, Isaiah 44:7 (si vera l.), establish it Psalms 89:30 (לָעַד).

set, appoint (as ruler, official) + עַל person vel gent., Exodus 1:11; Exodus 18:21 (all E), Deuteronomy 17:14, Deuteronomy 17:15^(×3); Judges 11:11 (+ ל of office), II Samuel 17:25 (+ תַּחַת instead of) + 6 times + Genesis 47:6 (J; second direct object = ruler, expressed), II Samuel 23:23 (אֶל), עַל in ‖ I Chronicles 11:25; also 2 direct object + ל and ב location Psalms 105:21, ב location II Samuel 15:4; II Chronicles 33:14, בְּרֹאשׁ at the head of, Deuteronomy 1:13, Deuteronomy 1:2 direct object alone Song of Songs 1:6; c.direct object person + ל person Genesis 27:37, Hosea 2:2; I Samuel 8:5 (+ inf.); + ל of title Genesis 45:8, Genesis 45:9 Exodus 2:14 (+ עַל; all E) + 4 times + Judges 8:33 (+ ל person), + Ezekiel 44:8 (perhaps read וַתְּשִׂימוּם Hitzig Smend Co and most); + ל of purpose Habakkuk 1:12; + ב of position, ל person I Samuel 8:11; with a direct object of office alone I Samuel 8:12 (+ ל person), so Co Ezekiel 21:27 (שָׂרִים for כָּרִים, see כַּר sub כרר), I Kings 20:24 (+ תחת), compare II Chronicles 23:18, + עַל, אֶל, of task Numbers 4:19; Job 7:20 set me as (ל) mark for (ל) him.

set, constitute, make, c. כ person vel rei, Genesis 13:16 I will make thy seed as the dust, Genesis 32:13 Genesis 48:20, Deuteronomy 10:22; Hosea 11:8 + 16 times + (bad sense) Hosea 2:5; Nahum 3:6; I Kings 19:2.

set, determine, fix, bounds Jeremiah 5:22 (2 direct object) Job 38:5, Job 38:33 Psalms 104:9; passive determined, settled, + עַל־פֶּה II Samuel 13:32 (but see II. שׂום); appoint, send, frogs לְפַרְעֹה Exodus 8:8, with a direct object person + עַל against II Kings 18:14.

set, station, at a post, etc., direct object person Joshua 8:13, + ב location II Kings 10:24; Jeremiah 9:7 + 5 times, + adverb direct object Genesis 33:2, + בֵּין location Joshua 8:12, + ל (against) and אַחֲרֵי location v Joshua 8:2 (both JE), + ל against Judges 9:25 (+ עַל location), + אֶל against Judges 20:29, Judges 20:36; doubtful are I Samuel 15:2 (c.ל person), I Kings 20:12^(×2) (עַל־הָעִיר), where no obj. expr. (in Masoretic Text); either an obj. has fallen out, or verb (in techn. military sense), here intrans. or inwardly trans. (Delitzsch ^{ZK ii. 397} forward! take direction toward; comparealso [on Smend] Wellhausen Driver Löhr), or else שׂ׳ is corrupt (compareHPS^Smend).

put in position, sacred bread, sword, staves, bars, c.direct object I Samuel 21:7; Ezekiel 21:27; Numbers 4:6, Numbers 4:8, Numbers 4:11, Numbers 4:14 + 4 times P, Job 38:10; + עַל Exodus 32:27, Exodus 40:20, מִמַּעַל ל Jeremiah 43:10, מֵעַל Esther 3:1; + (various modifiers) 8 times; set in place, תֵּבֵל Job 34:13 (De al.), but context favours שָׁמַר Budde; Duhm שׂ׳ לִבּוֹ בְּתֵבֵל.

set up throne I Kings 2:19, altars Jeremiah 11:13, memorial stone Genesis 18:18, Genesis 28:22, I Samuel 7:12 (compareהֵקִים Genesis 31:45 +), image, etc. Judges 18:31 (‖ הֵקִים), Deuteronomy 27:15; I Kings 12:29 (ב location, ‖ נָתַן), II Kings 21:7 (ב location) = II Chronicles 33:7, compare Psalms 74:4; Isaiah 57:8 and, + ב location, Jeremiah 7:30; Jeremiah 32:34; rods before (לְעֵינֵי) cattle Genesis 30:41 (‖ וַיַּצֵּג v Genesis 30:38), compare v Genesis 30:42, guide-posts Jeremiah 31:21, bed II Kings 4:10 (+ ל person).

= plant, wheat Isaiah 28:25, tree Isaiah 41:19 (ב location; ‖ נָתַן), slip Ezekiel 17:5 (עַל by).

set, fix (countenance) II Kings 8:11, so usually, but direct object om., and sense doubtful; read perhaps וַיִּשֹּׁם (√ שׁמם, compare for example I Kings 9:8), so Klostermann Kmp Kittel Benz.

make a thing, or person (direct object), for transform into (ל), Joshua 6:18 make camp לְחֵרֶם, Micah 1:6 make Samaria לְעִי, Genesis 21:13, Genesis 21:18, Exodus 14:21, Micah 4:7 (both good sense), Isaiah 28:17; Isaiah 42:15, Isaiah 42:16 + 12 times Is. (Isaiah 25:2 read עִיר for מֵעִיר Vrss Comm.), Jeremiah 2:7 + 8 times Je, + 14 times + Judges 1:28 they made the Can. into the corvée; וְיָשֵׂם לְדֶרֶךְ פְּעָמָיו Psalms 85:14 maketh his steps into a way (so RV Hup Cheyne Driver, but meaning obscure; De Bae attend to the way of (לֵב om.); Schr Hup-Nowack read וְיִשְׁמֹר ד׳); c. 2 direct object Joshua 8:28, Psalms 39:9; Psalms 66:2 Micah 1:7; Micah 4:13 I Kings 5:23 (prægn. c. עַד location), + 29 times

make, constitute, 2 direct object, I Samuel 8:1; I Samuel 18:13 (+ ל person) I Samuel 22:7 (לְכֻלְּכֶם, ל of direct object; or < read וְכֻלְּכֶם), Isaiah 3:7; Isaiah 60:17 + 6 times, + I Samuel 11:11 form people in bands, compare Job 1:17 (one direct object, form bands), + (direct object person om.) Exodus 4:11, compare (beast, in figuratively) Ezekiel 19:5; Ezekiel 19:2 direct object and direct object + ל in same ver., Isaiah 54:12 I will make rubies thy pinnacles, and (transform) thy gates into carbuncles; in phr. of naming, שָׂם שְׁמוֹ יִשְׂרָאֵל II Kings 17:34, compare Judges 8:31; Nehemiah 9:7; c. ל, וַיָּשֶׂם לָהֶם שֵׁמוֹת Daniel 1:7, וַיּ׳ לְדָנִיֵּאל בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר v Daniel 1:7; make, fashion, with a direct object rei + ל person Exodus 4:11 (J; י׳ subj.); grave Nahum 1:14 (but on text and meaning see Nowack Bi ^{SB Wiener Akkadian 1894, Abh. v}); with a direct object דֶּרֶךְ Isaiah 43:19 (ב location), compare Ezekiel 21:24, Ezekiel 21:25 (+ ל inf.); Psalms 50:23 is doubtful, usually order (one’s) way, De Driver prepare way (which), etc., Gratz Cheyne תֹּם for שָׂם; make name + ל person II Samuel 7:23 = I Chronicles 17:21, II Samuel 14:7; make for, ל person (or give to), c.direct object of posterity Genesis 45:7; I Samuel 2:20 read probably יְשַׁלֵּם Septuagint Wellhausen Kittel Budde HPS, compare Driver; Ezra 10:44 is obscure, Guthe-Batten del. וַיָּשִׂימוּ and read וַיְשַׁלְּחוּ bef. נָשִׁים, compare 3 Esdr 9:36 Be Ry Ryle.

work, bring to pass, with a direct object rei, of י׳’s signs, etc., + ב location Exodus 10:2, Jeremiah 32:20; Isaiah 66:19 Psalms 46:9; Psalms 78:43; Psalms 105:27.

appoint, give, direct object rei Numbers 6:26, Isaiah 61:3 (‖ נָתַן; both c. ל person); a pledge Job 17:3 (‖ עָרְבֵנִי go surety for me, but read perhaps עֶרְבֹנִי as obj., see p. 786 b); וְשׂוֹם שֵׂכֶל Nehemiah 8:3 giving understanding (making sense clear).

past (עבר) 1st singular consec. וַהֲשִׂמֹתִיהוּ Ezekiel 14:8, direct object person + ל, I will make him for a sign (< שׁ for שׂ van d. H., √ שׁמם; Co Berthol Toy וְשַׂמְתִּיהוּ (Qal), Krae וְהִשְׁמַדְתִּיהוּ); imperative (ציווי) fs. הָשִׂימִי Ezekiel 21:21, probably del as dittogr. Co Krae after Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate Targum Noldeke ^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 530} (> Böttcher Toy al. הִקְדִּימוּ); participle (בינוני) מֵשִׂים Job 4:20 = Qal (לֵב) שׂום (v 2 b), but phr. doubtful, and text perhaps crpt., see Me Noldeke^l.c..

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיּוּשַׂם Genesis 24:33 Qr (Kt ויישׂם Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 73 f) there was set before him (לְפָנָיו) to eat, compare Olshausen ^{MB Ak. 1870, 389} Konig ^{i. 435}, who read also וַיּוּשַׂם Genesis 50:26 he was laid in (ב) a mummycase (for Masoretic Text וַיִּישֶׂם Dillmann ^{(ed. 4.5.6)} allows this.

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שׂוּמָה

(van d. H. שׂימה Kt) perhaps noun (fem.) token of unluckiness, scowl;—II Samuel 13:32, so Ewald^{G iii. 234, H. 172} (abbrev. from שׂמאל; or emend. שִׂטְמָה) Wellhausen Robertson Smith^{Ency. Brit. (9) DAVID} Kittel, compare Driver HPS.

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שׂוּר

verb saw (‖ form of נָשַׂר; denom. from מַשּׂוֹר?);—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיָּשַׂר I Chronicles 20:3 (but see שׂים 1 a).—Hosea 9:12 see סור; Judges 9:22; Hosea 8:4 see שׂרר; Hosea 12:5 see שׂרה.

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שׂוֹרָה

Isaiah 28:25 probably dittogr. for following שְׂעֹרָה (Koppe Wellhausen Cheyne al.; Septuagint Peshitta om.); > Vulgate Gesenius Dillmann al. in rows (adverb direct object; but Mishnaic Hebrew שׁוּרָה, Arabic سُورٌ, Lagarde ^{GGN, 1889, 298}; compare Vogelst ^{Landwirthsch. 41} who favours שׁ׳ in Is. More plausible would be some grian, as שורה Zinj. Inscr., Lidzbarski³⁷⁴ Sachau ^{Panammu 23}).

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שׂוּשׂ

verb exult, rejoice (Noldeke ^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 536} der. (‘perhaps’) from interj., as شَأْشَأْ an enticing call, so Gerber²⁰);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שָׂשׂ Deuteronomy 28:63 +, 1st singular שַׂשְׂתִּי Psalms 119:14, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָשִׂישׂ Deuteronomy 28:63 +, 3rd masculine plural יְשֻׂשׂוּם Isaiah 35:1 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 47 n Konig ^{i. 510}, but ם erron. Kenn Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 244 a, probably dittogr., so Lo Hitzig Gratz Cheyne^Haupt. Marti), etc.; imperative (ציווי) fs. שִׂישִׂי Lamentations 4:2, mpl. שִׂישׂוּ Isaiah 65:18; Isaiah 66:10; infinitive (מקור) absolute שׂוֹשׂ Isaiah 61:10; construct לָשׂוּשׂ Deuteronomy 30:9;—exult, display joy,c. עַל over, Deuteronomy 28:63^(×2); Deuteronomy 30:9^(×2); Jeremiah 32:41; Isaiah 62:5; Zephaniah 3:17 (+ בְּשִׂמְחָה; ‖ גִּיל), Psalms 119:162; c. ב Isaiah 61:10 (שׂוֹשׂ אָשִׂישׂ), Isaiah 65:19 Psalms 35:9 (all ‖ גִּיל); Psalms 40:17; Psalms 68:4 (+ בְּשִׂמְחָה; ‖ עָלַץ), Psalms 70:5 (all ‖ שָׂמַח); Psalms 119:14; Job 39:21 (horse), Psalms 19:6 (sun, as athlete); c. כִּי and cl. Lamentations 1:21; absolute Isaiah 35:1; Isaiah 65:18 (both ‖ גִּיל), Isaiah 64:4 (but del. שָׂשׂ וְ Septuagint Gratz Duhm Cheyne^Haupt Marti), Isaiah 66:14; Lamentations 4:21 (‖ שָׂמַת), Job 3:22 (‖ שָׂמַח אֱלֵ י־גִיל), Isaiah 66:10 (direct object cogn.; ‖ גִּיל, שָׂמַח) v Isaiah 66:14. Ezekiel 21:15 is crpt., Co reads לְאַנְשֵׁי (for נָשִׂישׂ), Krae לִנְשִׂיאֵי, other conjunction in comm.; on cl. vid. especially Davidson Toy^{Hebrew Haupt.}.

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שָׂשׂוֹן

noun (masc.) ^{Isaiah 51:3} exultation, rejoicing;—absolute שׂ׳ Psalms 45:8 +, שָׂשׂן Esther 8:16; construct שְׂשׂוֹן (Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 296 e) Psalms 51:14; Psalms 119:111;—exultation, joy (especially in י׳’s favour), Joel 1:12; Isaiah 12:3 Psalms 51:14; Psalms 105:43; Psalms 119:111; שֶׁמֶן שׂ׳ (that is with which guests were anointed; figuratively) Psalms 45:8; Isaiah 61:3 (opposite אֵבֶל); שֵׁם שׂ׳ Jeremiah 33:9 (‖ תְּהִלָּה; on text see Gie Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 115}); elsewhere ‖ שִׂמְחָה: Jeremiah 7:34; Jeremiah 15:16; Jeremiah 16:9; Jeremiah 25:10; Jeremiah 33:11; Isaiah 22:13 (only here condemned as reckless, wanton), Isaiah 35:10; Isaiah 51:3, Isaiah 51:11 Zechariah 8:19 Psalms 51:10; Esther 8:16, Esther 8:17; ‖ שָׂמַח Jeremiah 31:13 (opposite אֵבֶל).

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שֵׂחַ

see שִׂיח.

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שָׂ֔חוּ

n.[m.^{Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 192 a}] swimming (on format. (and tone) Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 84 a c Konig^{ii. 1, 60. 497});—מֵי שׂ׳ Ezekiel 47:5.

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שָׂחִיף

adjective (?), doubtful (van d. H. שְׁחִיף; √ unknown);—construct שְׂחִיף עֵץ Ezekiel 41:16 usually panelled, wainscotted, with wood; or n. a wainscot of wood, but Co חִפּוּי, Toy חָפוּי (construct חֲפוּי).

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שָׂחַק

verb laugh (‖ צהק, q.see; Mishnaic Hebrew שָׂחַק, סָחַק; Ethiopic ሠሐቀ: );—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular וְשׂ׳ consec. Proverbs 29:9; 3rd plural שָֽׂחֲקוּ Lamentations 1:7; Job 30:1; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׂחַק Job 39:7 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct שְׂחוֹק Judges 16:27; Ecclesiastes 3:4;—

laugh at, usually in contempt, derision, c. עַל person Job 30:1 Psalms 52:8; עַל rei Lamentations 1:7; c. ל person God subj. Psalms 37:13; Psalms 59:9 (‖ לָעַג); c. ל rei vel person = have no fear of, Habakkuk 1:10; Job 5:22; Proverbs 31:25, also, figuratively, of noble animals Job 39:7, Job 39:18, Job 39:22; Job 41:21; absolute, Proverbs 29:9 (opposite רָגַז), of י׳ Psalms 2:4 (‖ לָעַג), of wisdom Proverbs 1:26 (ב temp.; ‖ the same).

c. אֶל person, appar. of friendly laugh Job 29:24; in generally Ecclesiastes 3:4 (opposite בָּכָה).

sport, play, Judges 16:27.

past (עבר) 1st singular וְשִׂחַקְתִּ֫י I Samuel 6:21; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיְשַׂחֶק־ Judges 16:25, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct לְשַׂחֶק־ Psalms 104:26; participle (בינוני) מְשַׂחֵק Proverbs 26:19; I Chronicles 15:29, f. מְשַׂחֶ֫קֶת Proverbs 8:30, Proverbs 8:31; plural מְשַׂחֲקִים II Samuel 6:5 +, מְשַׂחֲקוֹת I Samuel 18:7;—

make sport, Judges 16:25 (ל person) II Samuel 2:14 (לִפְנֵי person; in tournament), Proverbs 8:30 (לִפְנֵי), v Proverbs 8:31 (ב location).

jest, Proverbs 26:19.

play: incl. instr. music, singing and dancing I Samuel 18:7, c. לִפְנֵי י׳ II Samuel 6:5 (ב instr.), = I Chronicles 13:8, II Samuel 6:21 I Chronicles 15:29 (+ מְרַקֵּד); of merry-making Jeremiah 15:17 (‖ עָלַז), Jeremiah 30:19; Jeremiah 31:4; of children’s sport Zechariah 8:5; of beasts Job 40:20 Psalms 104:26; of man, play with (ב) crocod. Job 40:29.

(declar.) participle (בינוני) plural מַשְׂחִיקִים II Chronicles 30:10 they uttered mockery עֲלֵיהֶם (‖ מַלְעִגִים).

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שְׂחֹק

n.[m.] laughter, derision, sport (proposes inf. construct);—absolute שְׂחֹק Jeremiah 48:26 + 5 times; construct Ecclesiastes 7:6; absolute שְׂחוֹק Jeremiah 20:7 + 7 times;—

laughter (joyous) Job 8:21 (‖ תְּרוּעָה), Psalms 126:2 (‖ רִנָּה), Ecclesiastes 2:2 (‖ שִׂמְחָה), Ecclesiastes 10:19 (‖ שִׂמֵּחַ); as hollow Proverbs 14:13 (opposite כָּאַב), Ecclesiastes 7:3 (opposite כַּעַס), compare שׂ׳ הַכְּסִיל v Ecclesiastes 7:6.

(object of) derision, הָיָה לִשׂ׳, Jeremiah 20:7; Jeremiah 48:26, Jeremiah 48:27 (read לִשׂ׳ for Masoretic Text הַשּׂ׳ Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate Gie Duhm; Co del. vv), v Jeremiah 48:39 Lamentations 3:14; elsewhere Job 12:4^(×2).

sport Proverbs 10:23.

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שֵׂט²

see [שׂוט].

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שָׂטה

verb turn aside (Aramaic סְטָא, ܣܛܳܐ the same; שְׂטָא stray; Ethiopic ሠጠየ iii. 1 be seduced, etc.; compare Driver^{JPhil. xi (1882), 205});—

past (עבר) 2nd feminine singular שָׂטִית Numbers 5:19, Numbers 5:20; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תִּשְׂטֶה v Numbers 5:12, Numbers 5:29, juss. 3rd masculine singular יֵשְׂטְ Proverbs 7:25; imperative (ציווי) ms. שְׂטֵה Proverbs 4:15;—turn aside, of unfaithful wife Numbers 5:12 (absolute), + תַּחַת אִישׁ, that is while married, v Numbers 5:19 (+ טֻמְאָה adverb direct object), v Numbers 5:20, Numbers 5:29 (all P); of youth, from (מֵעַל) way of evil woman Proverbs 4:15, toward (אֶל) her ways Proverbs 7:25.

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שָׂטָן

noun (masc.) ^{Psalms 109:6} 1. adversary. 2. Satan (Mishnaic Hebrew שָׂטָן, סָטָן; Aramaic שָׂטָנָא, סָטָנָא, Syriac ܣܳܛܳܢܳܐ (Hebr.); Mishnaic Hebrew verb סָטַן, Aramaic סְטַן; Arabic شَطَنَ is be remote, especially from the truth, and from the mercy of God; شَيْطَانٌ Satan, Ethiopic ሰይጣን );—

adversary, in generally, personal or national; (ל) הָיָה לְשׂ׳ Numbers 22:22, I Samuel 29:4 (compare Nestle^{Marg. 15}), II Samuel 19:23, יָצָא לְשׂ׳ Numbers 22:32; שׂ׳ I Kings 5:18; I Kings 11:25; הֵקִים שׂ׳ ל, subj. God I Kings 11:14, I Kings 11:23, compare Psalms 109:6 (‖ רָשָׁע).

superhuman adversary, הַשּׂ׳:

of Job, one of בְּנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים Job 1:6, Job 1:7^(×2), Job 1:8, Job 1:9, Job 1:12^(×2); Job 2:1, Job 2:2^(×2), Job 2:3, Job 2:4, Job 2:6, Job 2:7.

of h. p. of Isr. bef. י׳, Zechariah 3:1, Zechariah 3:2^(×2); Septuagint ὁ διάβολος.

as n.pr. שׂ׳ Satan I Chronicles 21:1 (interpr. II Samuel 24:1), Septuagint διάβολος (Septuagint σατάν †I Kings 11:14, I Kings 11:23; Σατανᾶς Mt 4:10; Mk 1:13; Lk 10:18 + 33 times NT).

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שִׂטְנָה

noun (fem.) accusation;—Ezra 4:6.

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שִׂטְנָה²

n.pr. putei (hostility) Genesis 26:21.

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שִׂיב

verb be hoary (Mishnaic Hebrew שֵׂיבָה old age; Assyrian šêbu, aged man; Arabic شَابَ (ى) become hoary, Ethiopic ሤበ (in deriv.); Aramaic סִיב be old; ܣܶܐܒ grow old, ܣܰܝ̈ܒܳܬܳܐ grey hair);—

past (עבר) 1st singular זָקַנְתִּי וָשַׂ֫בְתִּי I Samuel 12:2; participle (בינוני) שָׂב Job 15:10 (+ יָשִׁישׁ aged).

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שֵׂיבָה

noun (fem.) hoary head, old age;—absolute שׂ׳ Hosea 7:9 +; construct שֵׂיבַת Genesis 44:31; with suffix שֵׂיבָתִי Genesis 42:38; Genesis 44:29, etc.;—

grey hair, hoary head Hosea 7:9 (figuratively), Genesis 42:38; Genesis 44:29, Genesis 44:31 (all J), I Kings 2:6, I Kings 2:9; Proverbs 16:31; Proverbs 20:29; אִישׁ שׂ׳ Deuteronomy 32:25 (opposite יוֹנֵק); ‖ זָקֵן Leviticus 19:32, ‖ זִקְנָה Isaiah 46:4, + the same, Psalms 71:18 (in these transition to following); figuratively of sea Job 41:24.

old age, שׂ׳ טוֹבָה Genesis 15:15, Genesis 25:8, Judges 8:32; I Chronicles 29:28; שׂ׳ also Psalms 92:15 (trees, in figuratively of righteous), Ruth 4:15, + II Samuel 19:34 (Septuagint Ewald Th Budde Kittel, compare Wellhausen Driver HPS, אֶת־שֵׂיבָֽתְךָ, for אֹתְךָ).

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שִׂיג

see I. [סוג].

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שִׂיד

n.[m.] lime, whitewash;—always שׂ׳;—lime, produced by burning bones Amos 2:1, in sim. Isaiah 33:12; as whitewash Deuteronomy 27:2, Deuteronomy 27:4.

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שִׂיד²

verb denom. whitewash;—

past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular וְשַׂדְתָּ֫ אֹתָם בַּשִּׂיד Deuteronomy 27:2, Deuteronomy 27:4.

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שִׂיחַ

noun (masc.) ^{Psalms 104:34} complaint, musing;—absolute שׂ׳ I Kings 18:27; Proverbs 23:29; with suffix שִׂיחִי I Samuel 1:16 +, שִׂחִי Job 23:2, שִׂיחוֹ II Kings 9:11 Psalms 102:1;—

plaint, complaint: Job 7:13; Job 9:27; Job 10:1 (‖ מר נפשׁ), Job 21:4; Job 23:2 Proverbs 23:29 Psalms 55:3 (‖ אָהִימָה); קוֹלִי בְּשִׂיחִי Psalms 64:2; שָׁפַךְ שׂ׳ לפני י׳ Psalms 102:1; Psalms 142:3. Foll. are doubtful:

musing, I Kings 18:27 of a god, ‖ שִׂיג לוֹ, (so RV; Siegfried-Stade ‘nachdenken’; Buhl ‘beschäftigt sein’; AV talk); Psalms 104:34 of man (Buhl Siegfried-Stade. Bae ‘Rede, oder Gesang’).—Vid. also [שֵׂחַ] below

anxiety, trouble: מֵרֹב שִׂיחִי I Samuel 1:16; (defined in Masoretic Text by כַּעַס, compare HPS; so Buhl Siegfried-Stade, but perhaps = 1).

the way in which he talks: שִׂיחוֹ II Kings 9:11.

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שִׂיחָה

noun (fem.) the same;—absolute שׂ׳ Psalms 119:99 Job 15:4; with suffix שִׂיחָתִי Psalms 119:97;—

complaint: שׂ׳ לִפְנֵי־אֵל Job 15:4; (so Budde al., compare שִׂיחַ 1 De al. meditation, compare [גָּרַע]).

(obj. of) musing, study: תּוֹרָה Psalms 119:97; עֵדוּת v Psalms 119:99.

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שִׂיחַ²

verbdenom. muse, complain, poet. talk (of);—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָשִׂיחַ Psalms 119:23; 3rd feminine singular with suffix תְּשִׂיחֶ֑ךָ Proverbs 6:22; 1st singular אָשִׂיחַ Psalms 119:78 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שִׂיחַ Job 12:8; mpl. שִׂיחוּ Judges 5:10 +; infinitive (מקור) construct שִׂיחַ Psalms 119:148;—

complain: Psalms 55:18; Psalms 77:4 (both ‖ הָמָה), Job 7:11 (בְּמַר נַפְשִׁי), + Psalms 6:7 (read probably אָשִׂיחָה for אַשְׂחֶה).

muse: עִם־לְבָבִי Psalms 77:7; c. ב, meditate upon, study, God’s עֲלִילוֹת v Psalms 77:13 (‖ הָגָה); פִּקּוּדִים Psalms 119:15, Psalms 119:78; חֻקִּים v Psalms 119:23, Psalms 119:48; נִפְלָאוֹת v Psalms 119:27; אִמְרָה v Psalms 119:148; with a direct object דִּבְרֵי נִפְלְאֹתֶיךָ Psalms 145:5.

talk (about), sing (of): absolute Judges 5:10 (ode); c. ב rei, Psalms 105:2 = I Chronicles 16:9 (‖ שִׁיר, זִמֵּר; so Siegfried-Stade Gerber, but poss. = 2, so Driver), Psalms 69:13 (ב person against; ‖ נְגִינוֹת, of mocking words).

c. with suffix person talk (with) Proverbs 6:22 (del. Toy); c. לְ speak to Job 12:8 (Dillmann ‘sprich sinnend’; Hitzig Budde read שֶׁרֶץ; Kau חַיַּת (so Budde as altern.), Böttcher al. sub II. שִׂיחַ). Pôlʿel meditate, consider: future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְשׂוֹחֵחַ Isaiah 53:8 (absolute); 1st singular אֲשׂוֹחֵחַ Psalms 143:5 (ב rei; ‖ הָגָה).

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שֵׂחַ²

n.[m.] thought;—with suffix מַגִּיד לְאָדָם מַה־ שֵּׂחוֹ Amos 4:13; read probably שִׂחוֹ (against Barth^{NB 79, 80}) unless otherwise corrupt.

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שִׂיחַ³

n.[m.] bush, shrub, plant;—שׂ׳ absolute coll. Job 30:4, construct שׂ׳ הַשָּׂדֶה Genesis 2:5; plural שִׂיחִים Job 30:7, אַחַד הַשִּׂיחִם Genesis 21:15.

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שִׂים

etc., see I, II. שׂום.

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שֹׂךְ

see II. שׂכך.

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שָֽׂכְיָה

(so Baer Gi; var. שַׂכְיָא; van d. H. שָׁבְיָה; Kittel^Haupt doubtful) n.pr.m. in Benj. I Chronicles 8:10; Σαβια, Σεβια, SeptuagintL Σεχια; Peshitta Vulgate Sechia.

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שַׂכִּין

n.[m.] knife (Mishnaic Hebrew סַכִּין; probably loan-word (Lewy^{Fremdw. 176}) from Aramaic סַכִּינָא, ܣܰܟܹܝܢܳܐ the same, whence also Arabic سِكِّينٌ Noldeke^{M 125} Frä ⁸⁴; √ doubtful);—absolute שׂ׳ Proverbs 23:2.

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שָׂכַךְ

verb cover, lay over, so as to screen (compare ‖ √ I. סכך);—

past (עבר) 1st singular וְשַׂכֹּתִי כַפִּי עָלֶיךָ Exodus 33:22.

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שָׂכַךְ²

verb weave (compare ‖ √ II. סכך); Pôʿ. future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular with suffix תְּשׂכְכֵנִי Job 10:11 with bones and sinews thou weavest me together.

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שָׂכַךְ³

Pilp. prick or spur on (compare Arabic شَاكَ pierce (perhaps denom. from) شَوْكٌ thorn, شَوْكَةٌ point of spear, etc.; Ethiopic ሦክ thorn);—prick or spur on, direct object person: past (עבר) 1 S וְסִכְסַכְתִּ֫י Isaiah 19:2 (+ ב against); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְסַכְסֵךְ Isaiah 9:10.

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שָׂכַל

verb be prudent (Gerber⁴⁷ denom. from שֶׂכֶל, but verb early; Mishnaic Hebrew סָכַל, Hithp. shew oneself attentive (to), look; Aramaic סְכַל (rare) understand, Ithpa. look (at), consider, Aph. instruct; שְׂכַל only Aph. (for Hebrew הִשְׂכִּיל), understand, make wise; ܣܟܰܠ Pa. teach, Ethpa. understand, etc.; Sam. ࠎࠊࠋ Ithpa. look (for Hebrew הִבִּיט); Assyrian šiklu, clever, šiklûtu, cleverness, Meissn^{Suppl. 93});—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׂ׳ I Samuel 18:30 be prudent, circumspect (Siegfried-Stade HPS); Kittel Buhl Gerber al. prosper.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִשְׂכִּיל Jeremiah 23:5; I Chronicles 28:19; 1st singular הִשְׂכַּלְתִּי Psalms 119:99; 3rd masculine plural הִשְׂכִּילוּ Job 34:27 +; future (עתיד) יַשְׂכִּיל I Samuel 18:5 +; 2nd masculine singular juss. תַּשְׂכֵּל Daniel 9:25, etc.; imperative (ציווי) mpl. הַשְׂכִּילוּ Psalms 2:10; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַשְׂכֵּל Jeremiah 9:23 +; הַשְׂכֵּיל (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 53 k) Jeremiah 3:15; Job 34:35; construct הַשְׂכִּיל Genesis 3:6 +, etc.; participle (בינוני) מַשְׂכִּיל I Samuel 18:14 +, f. מַשְׂכָּ֑לֶת Proverbs 19:14; plural מַשְׂכִּילִים Daniel 11:35 +, etc.; meanings hard to classify: scholars differ greatly;—

look at: נֶחְמָד הָעֵץ לְהַשְׂכִּיל Genesis 3:6 was desirable to look upon (so Septuagint Gesenius De; AV, RV to make one wise; Ewald Dillmann Buhl Siegfried-Stade Driver al. sub 3).

give attention to, consider, ponder: Isaiah 41:20; Isaiah 44:18; Deuteronomy 32:29 Psalms 64:10; Psalms 106:7; Job 34:27; c. לְ Proverbs 21:12; c. אֶל Psalms 41:2; Nehemiah 8:13; c. עַל Proverbs 16:20; c. ב Psalms 101:2; Daniel 9:13.

have insight, comprehension: Jeremiah 9:23 (‖ יָדַע י׳), Psalms 94:8 (‖ בִּין), Psalms 119:99; Daniel 1:4; Daniel 9:25 (‖ יָדַע); הַשְׂכֵּ(י)ל as noun = insight, understanding: as י׳’s gift to ruler and teacher, ‖ דֵּעָה Jeremiah 3:15; ‖ דַּ֫עַת Job 34:35; ‖ מַדָּע Daniel 1:17; מוּסַר הַשׂ׳ Proverbs 1:3; דֶּרֶךְ הַשׂ׳ Proverbs 21:16.

cause to consider, give insight, teach: י׳ subj., direct object rei, I Chronicles 28:19, direct object person Psalms 32:8; Nehemiah 9:20; Gabriel subj., 2 direct object Daniel 9:22; לֵב חָכָם subj., direct object rei Proverbs 16:23; c. לְ, Proverbs 21:11; הַמַּשְׂכִּילִים שֵׂכֶל טוֹב לי׳ II Chronicles 30:22 (but Be Ke Benz etc. who shewed good skill, sc. in music, v II Chronicles 30:21); (הַ)מַשְׂכִּילִים Daniel 11:33, Daniel 11:35; Daniel 12:3, Daniel 12:10 the teachers (so Ewald Hitzig Bev; Gesenius' Thesaurus Ke Behrm al. the wise).

act circumspectly, prudently: absolute Amos 5:13 Psalms 2:10; Psalms 36:4; מַשְׂכִּיל as noun Psalms 14:2 = Psalms 53:3, Proverbs 10:5, Proverbs 10:19; Proverbs 14:35; Proverbs 15:24; Proverbs 17:2; Job 22:2; אִשָּׁה מַשְׂכָּ֑לֶת Proverbs 19:14.—Jeremiah 50:9 has גִּבּוֹר מַשְׁכִּיל according to Mas. (van d. H. Baer Gi), compare Vulgate, that is a child-slaying warrior; but שׁ׳ Hiph. elsewhere only Hosea 9:14, of miscarriage; Septuagint Peshitta Ewald and most mod. (Gf Gie Rothst) read מַשְׂכִּיל, either skilful or fortunate.

prosper, have success (compare Driver I Samuel 18:5): absolute I Samuel 18:15; Isaiah 52:13; Jeremiah 10:21; Jeremiah 20:11; Jeremiah 23:5; Joshua 1:8; c. ב, v Joshua 1:7 I Samuel 18:5, I Samuel 18:14 (read בְּכָל־ for לְכָל־ Vrss Th HPS al.), compare II Kings 18:7; c. אֶל, Proverbs 17:8.

cause to prosper: Deuteronomy 29:8; I Kings 2:3.

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שֵׂ֫כֶל

noun (masc.) prudence, insight;—שֵׂ֫׳ absolute Psalms 111:10 +, construct Proverbs 19:11 +; שֶׂ׳ absolute I Samuel 25:3 +; שָׂ֑כֶל Job 17:4; with suffix שִׂכְלוֹ Proverbs 12:8; Daniel 8:25;—

prudence, good sense: טוֹבַת שׂ׳ woman of good sense I Samuel 25:3.

insight, understanding: ‖ בִינָה I Chronicles 22:12; II Chronicles 2:11, compare Job 17:4; שׂ׳ טוֹב Proverbs 3:4; Proverbs 13:15 Psalms 111:10; II Chronicles 30:22; אִישׁ שׂ׳ Ezra 8:18; יוֹעֵץ בְּשׂ׳ I Chronicles 26:14; מְקוֹר חַיִּים שׂ׳ בְּעָלָיו Proverbs 16:22; restrains from anger Proverbs 19:11, wins praise Proverbs 12:8, fool despises שׂ׳ מִלִּים Proverbs 23:9; שׂוֹם שׂ׳ Nehemiah 8:8 (‖ הֵבִין) set forth (the) understanding (that is the meaning).

bad sense, cunning, craft, Daniel 8:25.

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שָׂכַל²

verb

lay crosswise (so, and not √ I. שׂ׳, Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate Targum Jon and mod., compare Arabic شَكَلَ bind legs of beast, plait locks of hair);—past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שִׂכֵּל אֶת־יָדָיו Genesis 48:14; Gesenius' Thesaurus Driver, however, prudentes fecit, from √ I. שׂ׳.

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שִׂכְלוּת

Ecclesiastes 1:17 see סִכְלוּת.

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שָׂכַר

verb hire (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Sab. תשכר hire oneself out(?), recompense(?) DHM^{Hofmus. 11}; Ethiopic ሥኩር: hired; Arabic شَكَرَ reward, thank, mod. Pal. شكارة hired, of land ploughed by hire, Bergheim^{PEQ 1894, 196}; Palmyrene שכרא perhaps rewarding Lidzbarski³⁷⁵);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׂ׳ Deuteronomy 23:5, ס׳ Ezra 4:5 with suffix שְׂכָרוֹ Nehemiah 6:12; 1st singular with suffix שְׂכַרְתִּיךָ Genesis 30:16; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיִּשְׂכֹּר Judges 9:4 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׂכֹר Genesis 30:16; construct לִשְׂכֹּר I Chronicles 19:6; participle (בינוני) active שׂבֵר Proverbs 26:10^(×2), plural שׂכְרִים II Chronicles 24:12 (Ezra 4:5 see ii. סבר); passive שָׂכוּר Nehemiah 6:13;—hire, retainers Judges 9:4 (ב pret.), soldiers, etc. II Samuel 10:6 = I Chronicles 19:6, I Chronicles 19:7; II Kings 7:6; II Chronicles 25:6 (ב pret.), priest Judges 18:4, artificers Isaiah 46:6; II Chronicles 24:12, husband’s favour שָׂכֹר שְׂכַרְתִּיךָ Genesis 30:16 (J; ב pret.); Proverbs 26:10^(×2) obscure, see De Nowack Toy; for evil purpose Deuteronomy 23:5 = Nehemiah 13:2 (עַל against), Nehemiah 6:12, Nehemiah 6:13.

hire oneself out, past (עבר) בַּלֶּחֶם נִשְׂכָּ֑רוּ I Samuel 2:5.

earn wages, participle (בינוני) הַמִּשְׂתַּכֵּר Haggai 1:6 (as noun), מ׳ v Haggai 1:6 (as verb, + אֶל location, construct praegn.).

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שֶׂ֫כֶר

n.[m.] hire, wages;—absolute עֹשֵׂי שׂ׳ Isaiah 19:10 (= שָׂכִיר; construct Proverbs 11:18.

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שָׂכָר

noun (masc.) ^{Ezekiel 29:18} hire, wages, only singular, not c. art.;—absolute שׂ׳ Numbers 18:31 +, construct שְׂכַר Deuteronomy 15:18 +, with suffix שְׂכָרִי Genesis 30:18 +, etc.;—

wages, of servant, Genesis 30:28, Genesis 30:32, Genesis 30:33, Genesis 31:8^(×2); Exodus 2:9 (all E), Deuteronomy 15:18 (שְׂ׳ שָׂכִיר), Deuteronomy 24:15; I Kings 5:20; Zechariah 8:10; Malachi 3:5 (שְׂ׳ שָׂכִיר); soldiers Ezekiel 29:18, Ezekiel 29:19; shepherd (symb.) Zechariah 11:12^(×2); beast Exodus 22:14, Zechariah 8:10.

= reward, for work done, faithfulness, etc., Genesis 15:1, Genesis 30:18 in expl. of name יששכר, Numbers 18:31, כִּי יֵשׁ שׂ׳ לִפְעֻלָּתֵךְ Jeremiah 31:16 (compare II Chronicles 15:7), Isaiah 40:10 = Isaiah 62:11 (figuratively of reward of י׳’s labours), Psalms 127:3; Ecclesiastes 4:9; Ecclesiastes 9:5.

passage-money, fare, Jonah 1:3.

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שָׂכָר²

n.pr.m.

father of hero of Dvd. I Chronicles 11:35, Αχαρ, A Σαχαρ, (‖ שָׁרָר II Samuel 23:33).

doorkeeper I Chronicles 26:4, Σαχαρ.

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שָׂכִיר

adjective hired;—absolute שׂ׳ Exodus 12:45 +, f. שְׂכִירָה Isaiah 7:20; construct שְׂכִיר Leviticus 25:53; with suffix שְׂכִירְךָ v Leviticus 25:6; plural with suffix שְׂכִרֶיהָ Jeremiah 46:21;—

hired, of beast Exodus 22:14, razor Isaiah 7:20 (figuratively).

usually as noun hireling, hired labourer Deuteronomy 15:18; Deuteronomy 24:14; Leviticus 19:13; Leviticus 22:10; Leviticus 25:6, Leviticus 25:40, Leviticus 25:53 (all H), Exodus 12:45; Leviticus 25:50 (both P), Malachi 3:5; Job 7:1, Job 7:2; Job 14:6; כִּשְׁנֵי שׂ׳ Isaiah 16:14 years like a hireling’s years (reckoned strictly), so Isaiah 21:16; mercenaries Jeremiah 46:21.

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שְׂלָו

noun (fem.) ^{Exodus 16:13} quail (probably foreign word; Arabic سَلْوَى, Syriac ܣܰܠܘܰܝ, Sam. ࠔࠋࠅࠉ );—quail, coturnix communis vel vulgaris (Tristr^{NHB 229 ff. FFP 124} Post^Hast.^{DB. quail}, Dillmann Exodus 16:13):—absolute coll. Numbers 11:32; Exodus 16:13, Psalms 105:40 (in all Qr שְׂלָיו); plural שַׂלְוִים Numbers 11:31 (J; as if from singular שַׂלְוֶה).

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שַׂלְמָא

i. שַׂלְמָה see שַׂלְמוֹן.

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שַׂלְמָה

= שִׂמְלָה see sub שׂמל.

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שַׂלְמַי

n.pr.m. head of post-ex. family;—שׁ׳ Ezra 2:46 Qr (Kt. שׂמלי [compare Mishnaic Hebrew n.pr. שִׂמְלַי Dalman, Liḥy. שמל DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. Ar. Noldeke. 13}]; so Baer; van d. H. Gi Qr שַׁלְמַי; Σαμααν, ASeptuagintL Σελαμ(ε)ι) = שַׂלְמָ֑י Nehemiah 7:47 (Σελαμει; א Σαμαει).

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שְׂמֹאל

(Baer Joshua 1:7)₅₄ n.[m.] the left (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Assyrian šumêlu; Arabic شِمَالٌ (also شَمَالٌ and شَأْمَلٌ, شَامَلٌ north wind); Old Aramaic שמאל, Palmyrene (with suffix) סמלך; Syriac ܣܶܡܳܠܴܐ; √ doubtful, שאם + ל Noldeke ^{M 128} Hom^{A. u. A. i. (1892), 21} Konig^{ii. 1. 143, 405}; (see also Gesenius' Thesaurus Dietr^{Wortforschung 234}), compare Arabic شأم be unlucky, شَأْمَةٌ left, شَأَم, شَام north; Sab. שאם north, unlucky DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 29; Epigr. Denkm. Ar. Nos. 6. 7}; other views in Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 299 Lagarde^{BN 116});—שְׂמֹאל absolute Genesis 13:9 +, construct Genesis 48:13; II Kings 23:8; שְׂמֹאול absolute Numbers 20:17 +; with suffix שְׂמֹאלֶ֑ךָ II Samuel 2:21, שְׂמֹאלוֹ Genesis 48:13 +, etc.;—opposite יָמִין except Genesis 14:15; Judges 19:27; II Kings 23:8;—

left, region on the left, Genesis 13:9; on the left is עַל־שׂ׳ II Kings 23:8; Ezekiel 16:46; Zechariah 4:3, Zechariah 4:11, עַל־הַשּׂ׳ I Chronicles 6:29 compare II Chronicles 18:18, also מִשּׂ׳ (a sinistra) Exodus 14:22, Exodus 14:29, II Samuel 16:6 + 7 times + מֵהַשּׂ׳ II Chronicles 3:17; Ezekiel 1:10, לִשׂ׳; Ecclesiastes 10:2, שׂ׳ alone Job 23:9; toward the left is עַל־שׂ׳ Genesis 24:49, II Samuel 2:21; Zechariah 12:6, עַל־הַשּׂ׳ II Samuel 2:19, שׂ׳ alone I Samuel 6:12; Isaiah 9:20 + 13 times

יַד־שׂ׳ left hand, Judges 3:21; Judges 7:20, so שׂ׳ alone Genesis 48:13^(×2), Genesis 48:14, Judges 16:29; Ezekiel 39:3; Jonah 4:11; Proverbs 3:16; Daniel 12:7; Song of Songs 2:6; Song of Songs 8:3.

= north (on left of one facing east, compare אָתוֹר d, יָמִין 4, קֶדֶם 1 b) Genesis 14:15; Joshua 19:27; compare Ezekiel 16:46.

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שָׂמַח

verb rejoice, be glad (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; compare perhaps Assyrian šamâḫu, flourish, Arabic شَمَخَ be high, proud; Pun. n.pr. f. שמחת);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שָׂמַח Psalms 16:9 +; וְשָׂמֵ֑חַ consec. Proverbs 29:6; 3rd feminine singular שָׂמֵ֑חָה Esther 8:15; 2nd masculine singular וְשָׂמַחְתָּ֫ Deuteronomy 12:18 +; 3rd masculine plural שָׂמֵ֑חוּ Nehemiah 12:43, etc.; future (עתיד) יִשְׂמַח Isaiah 9:16 +, 3rd masculine plural יִשְׂמָ֑חוּ Isaiah 65:13 Psalms 69:33, Psalms 69:3 fpl. תִּשְׂמַחְנָה II Samuel 1:20, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שְׂמַח Deuteronomy 33:18 +, fs. שִׂמְחִי Zephaniah 3:14 +, שְׂמָ֑חִי Joel 2:21, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct שְׂמֹחַ Ezekiel 35:14 +, etc.; participle (בינוני) see שָׂמֵחַ adjective;—24 times ‖ גיל, less often ‖ רָנַן, עָלַז, שִׂישׂ, etc.;—

in common life:

rejoice, c. ב person vel rei take pleasure in Judges 9:19^(×2); Deuteronomy 33:18; Ecclesiastes 3:22 + 7 times + (probably) בְּכָל־יָמֵינוּ Psalms 90:14 (others ב temp.), compare Ecclesiastes 11:8; עַל person Isaiah 39:2 + ‖ II Kings 20:13 (וישׂמח for Masoretic Text וישׁמע Vrss mod.), עַל rei Jonah 4:6; II Chronicles 15:15; c. cl. temp. Jeremiah 41:13 + 6 times + (of heart) Proverbs 23:15, in one’s heart Exodus 4:14; c. כִּי because Isaiah 14:29 + 3 times; c. אֵת with Isaiah 66:10; c. מִן person get pleasure from Proverbs 5:18; absolute I Samuel 11:9; Ecclesiastes 3:12; Proverbs 13:9 (figuratively of prosperity; subj. אוֹר; opposite דָּעַךְ), + 8 times; c. ל rei at Job 21:12.

rejoice arrogantly, exult at, ל person, Micah 7:8; Isaiah 14:8; Obadiah 1:12 Psalms 35:19, Psalms 35:24; Psalms 38:17, c. אֶל־ rei Ezekiel 25:6, ב rei Job 31:29 Psalms 35:15; Proverbs 24:17; absolute Hosea 9:1 (+ אֶל־גִּיל), II Samuel 1:20 + 3 times, + (said of righteous by Eliphaz) Job 22:19.

rejoice religiously, c. ב rei I Samuel 2:1; Deuteronomy 12:7 Psalms 21:2 + 7 times; c. בי׳, etc., Joel 2:23 Psalms 32:11 + 10 times ψψ + Psalms 9:3 (+ אֶעֶלְצָה בָ֑ךְ); c. עַל rei II Chronicles 29:36, עַל inf. I Chronicles 29:9; c. לְמַעַן rei Psalms 48:12; c. כִּי because Psalms 119:74; absolute Zechariah 2:14; Zechariah 4:10; Joel 2:21; I Chronicles 29:9 (with a direct object cogn.), I Chronicles 16:31 (of heavens) = Psalms 96:11, Psalms 97:1 (isles) + 18 times (12 times ψψ), + (of heart) Zechariah 10:7 Psalms 16:9; I Chronicles 16:10, בְּכָל־לֵב Zephaniah 3:14 (compare Exodus 4:14 1 a above); c. לִפְנֵי י׳ Isaiah 9:2 and (of joyous feasting etc., at sanctuary) Leviticus 23:40, Deuteronomy 12:12, Deuteronomy 12:18; Deuteronomy 16:11; Deuteronomy 27:7, compare Deuteronomy 14:26; I Samuel 11:15.

subj. י׳, c. עַל person Isaiah 9:16 (‖ רחם; Perles^{RÉJ xxxv. 63} be gentle, Arabic سَمُحَ), ב rei Psalms 104:31.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular וְשִׂמַּח consec. Deuteronomy 24:5, with suffix שִׂמְּחָהוּ Jeremiah 20:15, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְשַׂמַּח Psalms 104:15 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שַׂמֵּחַ Psalms 86:4, שַׂמַּח Proverbs 27:11, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute שַׂמֵּחַ Jeremiah 20:15; participle (בינוני) מְשַׂמֵּחַ Judges 9:13, plural construct מְשַׂמְּחֵי Psalms 19:9;—cause to rejoice, gladden, with a direct object person (or equiv.), subj. person Deuteronomy 24:5; Jeremiah 20:15 (+ infinitive (מקור) absolute), Proverbs 10:1; Proverbs 15:20; Proverbs 27:11; Proverbs 29:3 (Hosea 7:3 see משׁח 2); especially subj. י׳ (God) Jeremiah 31:13 (c. מִן separ.) Isaiah 56:7; II Chronicles 20:27 (c. מִן of source, see Qal 1 a), Ezra 6:22; Nehemiah 12:43 (+ direct object cogn.) Psalms 86:4; Psalms 90:15; Psalms 92:5 (ב instr.), also, c. ל person cause to exult at Psalms 30:2, the same c. עַל person Lamentations 2:17; subj. rei Judges 9:13 Psalms 19:9; Psalms 45:9; Psalms 46:5; Psalms 104:15; Ecclesiastes 10:19; Proverbs 12:25; Proverbs 15:30; Proverbs 27:9.

= Pi. past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular הִשְׂמַחְתָּ Psalms 89:43 (subj. י׳).

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שָׂמֵחַ

adjectiveverb. glad, joyful, merry;—absolute שׂ׳ Deuteronomy 16:15 +, f. שְׂמֵחָה Psalms 119:9; plural שְׂמֵחִים I Kings 1:45 +, construct שִׂמְחֵי Isaiah 24:17, שְׂמֵחֵי Psalms 35:26;—

as adjective joyful, shewing joy, I Kings 1:45; Esther 5:9 (+ טוֹב לֵב), v Esther 5:14; אֵם שְׂמֵחָה Psalms 113:9; לֵב שׂ׳ Proverbs 15:13; Proverbs 17:22; at feast of tab. Deuteronomy 16:15, in thankfulness to י׳ Psalms 126:3 (both pred. c. הָיָה), I Kings 8:66 (+ טוֹבֵי לֵב) = II Chronicles 7:10.

= pt. I Kings 1:40 (‖ מְחַלְּלִים piping), I Kings 4:20; II Kings 11:14 (+ תֹּקֵעַ ב) = II Chronicles 23:13, מִן rei Ecclesiastes 2:10.

as noun הַשׂ׳ Amos 6:13 (+ ל rei), Proverbs 2:14 (ל inf.), Job 3:22 (+ אֱלֵי־גִיל; ‖ יָשִׂישׂוּ); שִׂמְחֵי־לֵב Isaiah 24:7; of malicious joy שׂ׳ Proverbs 17:5 (ל rei), שְׂמֵחֵי רָעָתִי Psalms 35:26.

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שִׂמְחָה

noun (fem.) joy, gladness, mirth;—absolute שׂ׳ Genesis 31:37 +, construct שִׂמְחַת Isaiah 9:2 +; with suffix שִׂמְחָתִי Psalms 137:6, etc.; plural שְׂמָחוֹת Psalms 16:11, -ת֗ Psalms 45:16;—

mirth, gladness, for example in festivity, Genesis 31:27, Psalms 137:3, Psalms 137:6, I Kings 1:40; I Samuel 18:6; Isaiah 9:2^(×2); Isaiah 16:10 Psalms 45:16; יוֹם מִשְׁתֶּה וְשׂ׳ Esther 9:17, Esther 9:18, Esther 9:22 compare (יוֹם om.) v Esther 9:19 (+ יוֹם טוֹב), v Esther 9:22 (‖ יוֹם טוֹב), + 5 times, + קוֹל שׂ׳ Jeremiah 7:34 = Jeremiah 16:9 = Jeremiah 25:10 = Jeremiah 33:11; joy of heart Proverbs 14:10, Proverbs 14:13; Ecclesiastes 5:19; Song of Songs 3:11, compare (of inward joy) Jonah 4:6; Proverbs 15:23; Proverbs 21:15; = gaiety, pleasure Isaiah 22:13; Ecclesiastes 2:1, Ecclesiastes 2:2, Ecclesiastes 2:10; Ecclesiastes 8:15; Ecclesiastes 9:7, בֵּית שׂ׳ Ecclesiastes 7:4; שׂ׳ חָנֵף Job 20:5, of foolish Proverbs 15:21; Proverbs 21:17; malicious joy Ezekiel 35:15 (ל rei), so שׂ׳ כָּל־לֵבָב Ezekiel 36:5.

₄₆ (especially ψψ Chr) religious: II Samuel 6:12 ‖ I Chronicles 15:16, I Chronicles 15:25; Joel 1:16 +; יוֹם שׂ׳ Numbers 10:10; עָשָׂה שׂ׳ that is make a (sacred) festivity II Chronicles 30:23; Nehemiah 8:12; Nehemiah 12:27; שִׂמְחַת עוֹלָם Isaiah 35:10 = Isaiah 51:11; Isaiah 61:7; שׂ׳ c. עַל person Nehemiah 12:44; joy of heart Isaiah 30:29; Jeremiah 15:16; as gift of י׳ Psalms 4:8; Psalms 21:7 + 7 times + (in mockery) Isaiah 66:5.

joy of י׳ Zephaniah 3:17.

glad result, happy issue Psalms 106:5 (‖ טוֹבָה), Proverbs 10:28; Proverbs 12:20 (Gratz. אֱמֻנָה, Toy מִשְׁפָּט; opposite מִרְמָה).

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שִׂמְלָה

noun (fem.) wrapper, mantle;—absolute שׂ׳ Genesis 9:23 +, construct שִׂמְלַת Deuteronomy 21:13; Deuteronomy 22:5; with suffix שִׂמְלָֽתְךָ Deuteronomy 8:4, etc.; plural שְׂמָלֹת Genesis 45:22^(×2) +, with suffix שִׂמְלֹתָם Genesis 44:13 +, etc.;—wrapper, mantle (of man or [Ruth 3:3 +] woman), usually square piece of cloth worn as outer garment (see Mackie^{Hast.DB i. 625}; Benz^{Ency. Bib. iii. 2932}), Genesis 35:2 Exodus 22:26 (both E), Deuteronomy 8:4; Deuteronomy 10:18; Deuteronomy 21:13; Deuteronomy 22:3; Isaiah 3:6, Isaiah 3:7; Isaiah 9:4; II Samuel 12:20 Kt, Ruth 3:3 Kt (Qr in both plural); as covering in sleep Genesis 9:23 (J; compare Exodus 22:26), bed-covering Deuteronomy 22:17; covering or receptacle for articles Exodus 12:34, Judges 8:25 I Samuel 21:10, compare Proverbs 30:4; more generally garment, Deuteronomy 22:5, clothes (plural) Genesis 37:34; Genesis 44:13, Genesis 41:14 Exodus 19:10, Exodus 19:14 (all E), Joshua 7:6, Isaiah 4:1; as costly gifts Genesis 45:22^(×2) Exodus 3:22; Exodus 12:35 (all E).

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שַׂמְלָה

n.pr.m. kg. of Edom Genesis 36:36, Genesis 36:37 (P; Σαμ(α)λα) = I Chronicles 1:47, I Chronicles 1:48 (Σαμαα, Σαβαα).

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שַׂלְמָה²

noun (fem.)the same(transp. from שִׂמְלָה);—absolute שׂ׳ Exodus 22:8 +, construct שַׂלְמַת v Exodus 22:25; with suffix שַׂלְמָתוֹ Deuteronomy 24:13; plural שְׂלָמוֹת Joshua 9:5 +, with suffix שַׂלְמֹתֵיהֶם v Joshua 9:13, etc.;—garment (of man or [Song of Songs 4:11] woman): outer garment Exodus 22:8, Exodus 22:25, Joshua 9:5, Joshua 9:13, Deuteronomy 24:13; I Kings 11:29, I Kings 11:30 Psalms 104:2 (figuratively); in generally clothes (plural) Deuteronomy 29:4; Nehemiah 9:21; Job 9:31; Song of Songs 4:11; as costly gifts I Kings 10:25 = II Chronicles 9:24; as booty Joshua 22:8 (late).—Micah 2:8 read probably שֹׁלְמֹה (Roorda, Robertson Smith^{Proph. vii. N. 4}), or שֹׁלְמִים (Wellhausen Nowack GASm), him (those) at pease (with him), compare SeptuagintPeshitta.

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שְׂמָמִית

noun (fem.) a kind of lizard (so Septuagint Vulgate Targum Leviticus 11:30 compare Strack Pr (also on שׂ > שׁ));—absolute שׂ׳ Proverbs 30:28 (compare Shipley-Cook^{Ency.Bib. Lizard}).

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שָׂנֵא

verb hate (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; MI⁴ שנאי my foes; Sab. שנאם foe Sab.Denkm^{Noldeke. 12, l, 9} compare Ib.^{Noldeke. 7, l. 9} CIS^{iv, Noldeke. 173, l. 6}; Arabic شنأ, شَنَىَٔ, hate; Aramaic סְנָא, ܣܢܳܐ, the same, סָנְאָה, ܣܳܢܳܐܐ hater, etc.; Ethiopic hate is ጸልአ: );—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׂ׳ Deuteronomy 12:31 +, with suffix שְׂנֵאָהּ II Samuel 13:15 +; 2nd masculine singular שָׂנֵאתָ Psalms 5:6 +, with suffix שְׂנֵאתַ֫נִי Judges 14:16, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׂנָא Proverbs 13:5; Proverbs 26:28, with suffix יִשְׂנָאֶ֑ךָּ Proverbs 9:8, etc.; imperative (ציווי) mpl. שִׂנְאוּ Amos 5:15 Psalms 97:10; infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׂנֹא Judges 15:2; construct שְׂנֹא Genesis 37:5 +, שְׂנֹאת Proverbs 8:13; participle (בינוני) active שֹׂנֵא Deuteronomy 4:42 +, שֹׂנַאֲךָ Exodus 23:5 Proverbs 25:21; plural construct שֹׂנְאֵי Exodus 18:21 +, etc.; passive fs. שְׂנוּאָה Genesis 29:31 +; mpl. construct שְׂנֻאֵי II Samuel 5:8 Qr (> Kt שָֽׂנְאוּ);—hate (often opposite אָהֵב):

human;

with a direct object person Genesis 26:27, Genesis 37:5, Genesis 26:8, Judges 11:7; II Samuel 13:22; Amos 5:10 (‖ תֵּעֵב) + 17 times (evil-doers †Psalms 26:5; Psalms 31:7; Psalms 139:21), + (obj. wife) Judges 14:16; Judges 15:2^(×2); + pt. passive, of wife, †Genesis 29:31^(×2), Deuteronomy 21:15^(×2), Deuteronomy 21:16, Deuteronomy 21:17, compare Proverbs 30:23; figuratively of Zion Isaiah 60:15 (+ עֲזוּבָה); specif. of sexual revulsion †II Samuel 13:15^(×2) (+ direct object cogn.), Deuteronomy 22:13, Deuteronomy 22:16; Deuteronomy 24:3; so, obj. man (of Jerus. under figuratively of harlot) †Ezekiel 16:37; passive שְׂנֻאֵי נֶפֶשׁ דָּוִד II Samuel 5:8 (but see obscure); reflex. (direct object נַפְשׁוֹ) †Proverbs 29:24, absolute †Ecclesiastes 3:8.

with a direct object rei, Ezekiel 35:6 (but read בְּדָם אָשַׁמְתָּ Septuagint Peshitta Co Berthol Toy), Ecclesiastes 2:17, Ecclesiastes 2:18, especially evil Exodus 18:21, Micah 3:2 Psalms 45:7 + 10 times, virtue, etc. Micah 3:2 Proverbs 1:22 + 4 times

subj. י׳; obj. perverse Isr. †Amos 6:8 (its palaces), Hosea 9:15 Jeremiah 12:8; wickedness Psalms 5:6; Psalms 11:5; idolatry and evil Amos 5:21 Isaiah 1:14; Isaiah 61:8; Jeremiah 44:4; Malachi 2:16 + 5 times

participle (בינוני)active₅₄ as adjective Isaiah 66:5 (as verb c. 1st singular pron. Isaiah 61:8, 2 above); usually noun, Proverbs 13:24 one hating his son (opposite אֹהֵב); elsewhere = enemy, foe (usually construct or c. with suffix), singular and plural (often ‖ אֹיֵב, sometimes opposite אֹהֵב): foe of man Exodus 23:5, Genesis 24:60, Leviticus 26:17 +, nation Exodus 1:10, Esther 9:1, Esther 9:5, Esther 9:16 +, absolute Proverbs 26:24; Proverbs 27:6, (c. 31 times in all); + לֹא שֹׂנֵא c. ל person, a no-hater to one Deuteronomy 4:42; Deuteronomy 19:4, Deuteronomy 19:6; Joshua 20:5, and (without לֹא) Deuteronomy 19:11; foe of good Micah 3:2, compare Job 34:17 + 3 times, of evil †Exodus 18:21; Proverbs 28:1, compare Proverbs 15:27; of suretyship †Proverbs 11:15 (that is not giving it); foes of י׳ †Exodus 20:5 = Deuteronomy 5:9; Deuteronomy 7:10^(×2); II Chronicles 19:2.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשָּׂנֵא Proverbs 14:17 is hated, so v Proverbs 14:20 (+ ל person by, see לְ 5 d).

participle (בינוני) with suffix מְשַׂנְאִי Job 31:29; Psalms 55:13; plural construct מְשַׂנְאֵי Psalms 81:16; with suffix מְשַׂנְאַי II Samuel 22:41 +, etc.;—enemy (Qal 3) ‖ אֹיֵב, צָר, etc.:

personal and national, Job 31:29 Deuteronomy 33:11 (poem), II Samuel 22:41 = Psalms 18:41, Psalms 44:8, Psalms 44:11; Psalms 55:13; Psalms 68:2; Psalms 89:24.

of י׳ Numbers 10:35, Deuteronomy 32:41 (poem), Psalms 81:16; Psalms 83:3; Psalms 139:21.

of wisdom Proverbs 8:36.

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שִׂנְאָה

noun (fem.) hating, hatred;—absolute שׂ׳ Numbers 35:20 +, construct שִׂנְאַת Deuteronomy 1:27; Proverbs 25:10; with suffix שִׂנְאָתֶיךָ; Ezekiel 35:11 (plural -אֹתֶיךָ probably meant, Konig^{ii. 1, § 88} compare Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 131 k, but < read שִׂנְאָֽתְךָ Septuagint Co Berthol Toy, compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 91: l), etc.;—hatred (sometimes opposite אַהֲבָה):

human, Numbers 35:20, Ezekiel 23:29; Ezekiel 35:11 Proverbs 10:12, Proverbs 10:18; Proverbs 15:17; Proverbs 26:26 Psalms 109:5 Ecclesiastes 9:1, Ecclesiastes 9:6; דִּבְרֵי שׂ׳ Psalms 109:3; emphatic, שִׂנְאַת חָמָס Psalms 25:19, תַּכְלִית שׂ׳ Psalms 139:22 (against י׳’s foes), also (of sexual revulsion) שׂ׳ גְּדוֹלָה II Samuel 13:15 (all direct object cogn.).

י׳’s hating, as verb, with a direct object person, Deuteronomy 1:27; Deuteronomy 9:28.

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שְׂנִיר

n.pr.mont. Σανειρ: Amorite name of Ḥermon Deuteronomy 3:9, whence came cypress-trees Ezekiel 27:5, probably northern peak(s) of Ḥ. I Chronicles 5:23 Song of Songs 4:8 (where + חֶרְמוֹן); so Arabic سنير, Abulf^{ed. Par. 68}, Syriac ܣܢܺܝܪ, Ecclus 24:13 al., Assyrian Saniru COT Deuteronomy 3:9 Delitzsch^{Pa 104}. Vid. also Driver Deuteronomy 3:9 Buhl^{Geogr. 110 f. and reff.} [van d. H. erron. שׁ׳ Dt Ct].

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שֵׂעָר

noun (masc.)Leviticus 13:3 hair;—absolute שׂ׳ Genesis 25:25 +, construct שְׂעַר Judges 16:22 +, שַׂ֫עַר Isaiah 7:20 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 93 hh Konig^{ii. 1. 78}); with suffix שְׂעָרֵךְ Ezekiel 16:7, שַׂעֲרֵךְ Song of Songs 4:1, Song of Songs 6:5 (Konig^l.c.); שְׂעָרוֹ Leviticus 14:8 +, שְׂעָרָהּ v Leviticus 14:20, שְׂעָרָהֿ v Leviticus 14:4 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 91 e);—hair:

of animals, as material, אַדֶּרֶת שׂ׳ Genesis 25:25, Zechariah 13:4; probably also אִישׁ בַּעַל שׂ׳ II Kings 1:8 that is a man with a garment of skin.

human: שׂ׳ רֹאשׁוֹ Judges 16:22 II Samuel 14:26 Numbers 6:5, compare v Numbers 6:18; + beard Ezra 9:3; קָדְקֹד שׂ׳ Psalms 68:22; incl. head, beard, eyebrows Leviticus 14:8, Leviticus 14:9, Leviticus 14:10; שׂ׳ הָרַגְלַיִם Isaiah 7:20 (that is of genitals; + רֹאשׁ, זָקָן; in figuratively) long hair of woman Ezekiel 16:7 Song of Songs 4:1; Song of Songs 6:5; hair of skin in (leprosy-) marks Leviticus 13:3 + 10 times Leviticus 13:13.

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שַׂ֫עַר

n.[m.] horror (proposes bristling);—שׂ׳ absolute, as direct object cogn. Ezekiel 27:35; Ezekiel 32:10 see foregoing; compare אָֽחֲזוּ שׂ׳ Job 18:20 (‖ נָשַׁמּוּ עַל).

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שָׂעִיר

noun (masc.)Numbers 15:24 he-goat, buck (hairy one; Mishnaic Hebrew the same);—absolute שׂ׳ Leviticus 4:24 +, construct שְׂעִיר Numbers 7:16 +; plural שְׂעִירִם Leviticus 16:7, Leviticus 16:8; construct שְׂעִירֵי v Leviticus 16:5 Numbers 7:87;—he-goat, usually שְׂעִיר(־)עִזִּים buck of goats (see עֵז p. 777): Genesis 37:31, Ezekiel 43:22; Ezekiel 45:23 Leviticus 4:23; Leviticus 9:3; Leviticus 23:19 + 20 times Nu (all P); שְׂעִירֵי ע׳ Leviticus 16:5 Numbers 7:87; שׂ׳ alone = he-goat Leviticus 4:24 + 11 times Leviticus 16; שְׂעִיר (הַ)חַטָּאת he-goat for sin-offering Ezekiel 43:25 Leviticus 9:15 + 9 times Lv Nu; שְׂעִירֵי הַח׳ II Chronicles 29:23; in Daniel 8:21 הַשּׂ׳ is probably gloss to הַצָּפִיר (compare Driver).

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שָׂעִיר²

noun (masc.) satyr, demon (with he-goat’s form, or feet; Mishnaic Hebrew the same; compare Baud^{Stud. i. 136 ff.}; hairy demons Wellhausen^{Skizzen iii. 135; Heid. 152} Robertson Smith^{Sem 113, 423; 2nd ed. 120, 441}); absolute שׂ׳ Isaiah 34:14 inhabiting desolate ruins, so plural שְׂעִירִים Isaiah 13:21; name for idols II Chronicles 11:15 and (שְׂעִרִם) Leviticus 17:7; probably also בָּמוֹת הַשּׂ׳ II Kings 23:8 (Masoretic Text הַשְּׁעָרִים) Hoffmann^{journal ZAW ii (1882), 175} Siegfried-Stade Kmp Klostermann Kittel Benz Bur.

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שְׂעֹרָה

noun (fem.) barley (bearded grain; Septuagint κριθή, Vulgate hordeum; Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Sab. שערם Glass in Fell^{ZMG liv (1900), 256}, Arabic شَعِيرٌ; Old Aramaic שערה, Targum סְעָרְתָא; Syriac ܣܥܳܪܬܳܐ; Dillmann²⁶⁰ cp. Ethiopic ሥርናይ wheat, grain);—absolute שׂ׳ Exodus 9:31 +; usually plural שְׂעֹרִים Hosea 3:2 +;—barley, common grain (often ‖ חִטָּה, etc.):

growing, standing, singular Exodus 9:31^(×2), Deuteronomy 8:8 Job 31:40 Joel 1:11, as sown Isaiah 28:25; standing, plural II Samuel 14:30 שְׂעוֹ׳ I Chronicles 11:13, reaped קְצִיר (הַ)שְׂעֹרִים II Samuel 21:9 Ruth 1:22; Ruth 2:23, גֹּרֶן הַשּׂ׳ Ruth 3:2.

plural, the grains, measured, cooked, etc.: Hosea 3:2^(×2) Ezekiel 4:9; Ezekiel 13:19; Ezekiel 45:13 II Kings 7:1, II Kings 7:16, II Kings 7:18 Jeremiah 41:8 II Chronicles 2:9, II Chronicles 2:14; II Chronicles 27:5 Ruth 2:17; Ruth 3:15, Ruth 3:17, II Samuel 17:28 I Kings 5:8 (food for horses); זֶרַע חֹמֶר שׂ׳ Leviticus 27:16; קֶמַח שׂ׳ Numbers 5:15, לֶחֶם שׂ׳ Judges 7:13 II Kings 4:42, עֻגַת שׂ׳ Ezekiel 4:12.

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שֵׂעִיר

n.pr. Sēʿîr (= שָׂעִיר goat? compare Gray^{Prop. N. 94}; but note play in שֵׂעָר Genesis 25:25, שָׂעִר Genesis 27:11, Genesis 27:23; Noldeke^{ZMG xl (1886), 165; Ency. Bib. ii. 1183} cp. n.pr. mont. الاشعر (the ‘hairy,’ that is ‘well-wooded,’ compare شَعَارٌ trees), n.pr.gent. (orig.n.pr.location) أَلَاشْعَرُ; Lagarde^{BN 92} thinks שׂ׳ orig.n.pr.m., but land much earlier in OT; perhaps = TelAm. land Šêri, Zim^{ZA vi (1891), 257} Jastr^{JBL xi (1892), 114} Winckler^{TelAm. 181, 26} Buhl^{Edom. 28 f.});—

Σηειρ:

terr. land of Edom, S. of Dead Sea, אַ֫רְצָה שׂ׳ Genesis 32:4 (J; ‖ שְׂדֵה אֱדוֹם), compare Genesis 36:30; שׂ׳ alone Judges 5:4 (poem; ‖ the same), Numbers 24:18 (JE; ‖ אֱדוֹם), Deuteronomy 1:44; Deuteronomy 2:4, Deuteronomy 2:8, Deuteronomy 2:12, Deuteronomy 2:22, Deuteronomy 2:29; Deuteronomy 33:2 Joshua 11:17, Isaiah 21:11 II Chronicles 20:23; c. ה location שֵׂעִ֫ירָה Genesis 33:14, Genesis 33:16, Joshua 12:7.

specif. mont. E. of Arabah, הַר־שׂ׳ Joshua 24:4, Genesis 36:8, Genesis 36:9, Deuteronomy 1:2; Deuteronomy 2:1, Deuteronomy 2:5 Ezekiel 35:2, Ezekiel 35:3, Ezekiel 35:7, Ezekiel 35:15 I Chronicles 4:42; II Chronicles 20:10, II Chronicles 20:22, II Chronicles 20:23; compare הַרֲרָם שׂ׳ Genesis 14:6 (home of הַחֹרִי; on text see Buhl^{Edom. 28} Gunk Gn).

gent. Ezekiel 25:8 = Edom [van d. H. שׁ׳]; but del. Septuagint (Vaticanus) Hitzig Co Berthol Toy Krae.

personif. as m. in בְּנֵי־שׂ׳ (see חֹרִי p. 360; compare Genesis 14:6) Genesis 36:20 = I Chronicles 1:38, Genesis 36:21 (P; + בְּאֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם); = Edomites II Chronicles 25:11, II Chronicles 25:14 (‖ אֱדוֹמִים).

mont. in Judah, הַר־שׂ׳ Joshua 15:10, Ασσαρ, A Σηειρ, SeptuagintL Σιειρ; Dillmann Buhl^{G. 91} al. cp. hill-ruin Sâtrîs c. 9 miles W. of Jerus. (Rob^{BR iii. 156}).

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שַׂ֫עַר²

n.[m.] storm (= סַ֫עַר);—only construct שׂ׳ קָ֑טֶב Isaiah 28:2 a storm of destruction (in sim.; ‖ זֶרֶם בָּרָד).

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שְׂעִירִים

n.[m.]plural rain(-drops), si vera l.; (so according to Vrss and context; Gesenius' Thesaurus cp. ii. שַׂעַר; Lagarde proposes רְסִיסִים);—כִּשׂ׳ עֲלֵי־דֶשֶׁא Deuteronomy 32:2 (‖ מָטָר, טַל, רְבִיבִים).

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שָׂפָה

noun (fem.) [m. Exodus 28:32, edge, compare Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 76}], lip, speech, edge;—absolute שׂ׳ Genesis 11:1 +, construct שְׂפַת v Genesis 11:7 +; with suffix שְׂפָתוֹ I Kings 7:23 +, etc.; oftener dual שְׂפָתַיִם Isaiah 6:5 +, construct שִׂפְתֵי Psalms 12:4 +; with suffix שְׂפָתַי Jeremiah 17:16 +, with suffix 3rd masculine plural שְׂפָתֵימוֹ Psalms 59:13; Psalms 140:4, Psalms 140:10, etc.; plural (poet. and late) construct שִׂפְתוֹת Ecclesiastes 10:12, with suffix שִׂפְתוֹתֶיךָ etc. Psalms 45:3; Psalms 59:8 Isaiah 59:3 Song of Songs 4:3, Song of Songs 4:11; Song of Songs 5:13;—

lip:

usually (c. 108 times) human organ of speech (often ‖ פֶּה לָשׁוֹן, rarely [only late poetry] חֵךְ: 10 times Jb; 25 times ψψ; 45 times Pr): (1) Isaiah 29:13 Leviticus 5:4, Job 13:6 Malachi 2:6 Psalms 12:5 Proverbs 5:3 +; דַּל שׂ׳ Psalms 141:3 (see דָּל); אִישׁ שׂ׳ Job 11:2 = a talker, אֱוִיל שׂ׳ Proverbs 10:8 = one talking folly, so v Proverbs 10:10 (Masoretic Text; but see Toy); טְמֵא שְׂפָתַיִם Isaiah 6:5^(×2) compare v Isaiah 6:7 Daniel 10:16; עֲרַל שׂ׳ Exodus 6:12, Exodus 6:30 (P; unskilled in speech); עִקֵּשׁ שׂ׳ Proverbs 19:1; פֹּתֶה שׂ׳ Proverbs 20:19 see [פָּתָה]; מוֹצָא שׂ׳ that is utterance, Deuteronomy 23:24 Jeremiah 17:16 Numbers 30:13, Psalms 89:35, רוּחַ שׂ׳ Isaiah 11:4 (of Mess. kg.), דְּבַר שׂ׳ Psalms 59:13 Proverbs 14:23 +, = mere, empty, word II Kings 18:20 = Isaiah 36:5; תְּבוּאַת שׂ׳ Proverbs 18:20, נוב שׂ׳ Isaiah 57:19 (thanksgiving), compare Hosea 14:3 SeptuagintPeshitta and most פְּרִי for פָּרִים); of flattery, חֵלֶק שׂ׳ Proverbs 7:21, שְׂפַת חֲלָקוֹת Psalms 12:3, Psalms 12:4; compare שִׂפְתֵי מִרְמָה Psalms 17:1, שׂ׳ שֶׁקֶר Psalms 31:9 + 4 times, שְׂפַת אָוֶן Proverbs 17:4; poison beneath (compare לָשׁוֹן) Psalms 140:4 (figuratively); פֶּשַׁע שׂ׳ Proverbs 12:13; לְזוּת שׂ׳ Proverbs 4:24; שׂ׳ אֱמֶת Proverbs 12:19, שׂ׳ יָ֑תֶר Proverbs 17:7, שׂ׳ צֶדֶק Proverbs 16:13, שׂ׳ דַּעַת Proverbs 14:7; Proverbs 20:15; חֵן שׂ׳ Proverbs 22:11; שָׂפָה בְרוּרָה Zephaniah 3:9; שׂ׳ רְנָנוֹת Psalms 63:5 that is lips that shout for joy; c. vbs.: פָּתַח שׂ׳ (to speak) Job 11:5; Job 30:20 (Gi v Job 30:21), compare Psalms 51:17, מִפְתַּח שׂ׳ Proverbs 8:6; פֹּשֵׂק שׂ׳ Proverbs 13:3 that is prate; שׂ׳ מָֽלְאוּ זַעַם Isaiah 30:27; שׂ׳ subj. of דִּבֶּר Isaiah 59:3 Proverbs 24:2; נָשָׂא עַל־שׂ׳ Psalms 16:4; קָרַץ שׂ׳ Proverbs 16:30 = backbite; אָטַם שׂ׳ Proverbs 17:28 = keep silence, so חָשַׂךְ שׂ׳ Proverbs 10:19, שׂ׳ כָּלָא Psalms 40:10. †(2) lips moving in speech, c. נוּעַ I Samuel 1:13, נִיד Job 16:5. †(3) transition to meaning speech, עָלָה עַל־שְׂפַת לָשׁוֹן Ezekiel 36:3; = ability to speak Job 12:20.

organ of laughter Job 8:21.

of insulting grimace הִפְטִיר בְּשׂ׳ Psalms 22:8.

quivering in terror Habakkuk 3:16.

feature of beauty Song of Songs 4:3 (scarlet).

place of bridle II Kings 19:28 = Isaiah 37:29 (see מֶתֶג)

receiving kiss Proverbs 24:26 compare Song of Songs 4:11 and (in figuratively) Song of Songs 7:10.

of divine speech, מִצְוִת שׂ׳ Job 23:12, דְּבַר שׂ׳ Psalms 17:4.

language (see לָשׁוֹן), Genesis 11:1, Genesis 11:6, Genesis 11:7^(×2), Genesis 11:9 Psalms 81:6; עַם עִמְגֵי שׂ׳ Ezekiel 3:5, Ezekiel 3:6 Isaiah 33:19, לַעֲגֵי שׂ׳ Isaiah 28:11; שְׂפַת כְּנַעַן Isaiah 19:18 (that is Hebrew).

edge: shore of sea Genesis 22:17 + 7 times; bank of river Gn Genesis 41:3, Genesis 41:17 + 5 times, of wady (נַחַל) Deuteronomy 2:36 + 7 times; lip (bank) of אָבֵל מְחוֹלָה Judges 7:22 compare GASm^{G. 400}; brim of vessel I Kings 7:23^(×2) + 7 times; edge of altar Ezekiel 43:13; of curtains (in pairs) Exodus 26:4^(×2) + 6 times; of חֹשֶׁן, toward ephod Exodus 28:26 = Exodus 39:19; of round opening in robe לְפִיו (יִהְיֶה) שׂ׳ Exodus 28:32 = Exodus 39:23.

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שָׂפָם

n.[m.] moustache (compare N. Syriac ܣܲܦܡܵܐ rete; on meaning and form see Gesenius' Thesaurus Olshausen⁴⁰⁸ Konig^{ii 73});—absolute שׂ׳ Micah 3:7 +, with suffix שְׂפָמוֹ II Samuel 19:25;—moustache: עָשָׂה שׂ׳ II Samuel 19:25 (Septuagint μύσταξ) that is trim it; עָטָה עַל־שׂ׳ Micah 3:7 Ezekiel 24:17, Ezekiel 24:22 Leviticus 13:45 (P; see I. עטה 1).

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שׂפק

see ספק.

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שָׂפַק

verb suffice (Mishnaic Hebrew סָפַק suffice, abound, so Ecclus 15:18 +; Targum סְפֵיק, סְפַק, Syriac ܣܦܰܩ; Arabic شَفِقَ is be niggardly, scanty, Lane¹⁵⁷³);—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׂפֹּק I Kings 20:10, subj. dust, c. לְ rei.

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שַׂק

see שׂקק.

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שַׂק²

noun (masc.) ^{Joshua 9:4} sack sackcloth (see Schwally^{journal ZAW xi (1891), 173} who conjunction Egyptian origin; Mishnaic Hebrew סַק sackcloth (rare); Assyrian šaḳḳu, sack (Delitzsch^{HWB 687 a}), sackcloth (Winckler^{Altor. Forsch. vi. 44}); Ethiopic ሠቅ = Biblical Hebrew; Aramaic סַקָּא, ܣܰܩܳܐ; Gk. σάκκος Lewy^{Fremdw. 87});—absolute שׂ׳ Genesis 37:34 +, שָׂ֑ק Jeremiah 48:37 +; with suffix שַׂקִּי Psalms 30:12, etc.; plural שַׂקִּים Joshua 9:4 +, with suffix שַׂקֵּיהֶם Genesis 42:35;—

sack, for grain Genesis 42:25, Genesis 42:27 (‖ אַמְתַּחַת), v Genesis 42:35^(×2), Joshua 9:4, perhaps also Leviticus 11:32.

sackcloth:

worn in mourning and humiliation (see Nowack^{Arch. i. 192 f.} SACook^{Ency. Bib. s.see}), either loose garment like sack, or piece of similar material (of rough, dark hair), fastened round body: put (שִׂים) on loins Genesis 37:34, I Kings 20:31, on (bare) flesh I Kings 21:27 II Kings 6:30, compare Jeremiah 48:37 Job 16:15 (c. תָּפַר); וְהַעֲלֵיתִי עַל־כָּל־מָתְנַיִם שׂ׳ Amos 8:10; usually חָגַר שַק II Samuel 3:31 Isaiah 15:3; Isaiah 22:12, compare Isaiah 3:24, Jeremiah 4:8; Jeremiah 6:26; Jeremiah 49:3 Ezekiel 7:18; Ezekiel 27:31 I Kings 20:32 Joel 1:8 Lamentations 2:10; כִּסָּה בַּשּׂ׳ II Kings 19:1, II Kings 19:2 = Isaiah 37:1, Isaiah 37:2, Jonah 3:6, Jonah 3:8 I Chronicles 21:16, figuratively of heavens (compare קָדַר), שׂ׳ אָשִׂים כְּסוּתָם Isaiah 50:3; late לָבַשׁ שׂ׳ put on sackcloth Jonah 3:5 Esther 4:1, compare v:Esther 4:2 Psalms 35:13; Psalms 69:12; בְּצוֹם וְשׂ׳ Nehemiah 9:1, compare Daniel 9:3; פִּתַּח שׂ׳ loosen sackcloth Isaiah 20:2 (+ מֵעַל), Psalms 30:12 (opposite שִׂמְחָה), הֵסִיר שׂ׳ מֵעַל Esther 4:4.

same garment (or material) spread out (to lie on), II Samuel 21:10 (c. הִטָּה), Isaiah 58:5 (c. הִצִּיעַ), compare Esther 4:3; וַיִּשְׁכַּב בַּשׂ׳ I Kings 21:27, לִינוּ בַּשּׂ׳ Joel 1:13.

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שַׂר

see שׂרר.

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שְׂרוּג

n.pr.m. descendant (that is younger branch) of Peleg Genesis 11:20, Genesis 11:21, Genesis 11:22, Genesis 11:23 I Chronicles 1:26; Σερουχ (SeptuagintL Ch Σερουγ).

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שָׂרִיד

noun (masc.) ^{Jeremiah 47:4} survivor (from a defeat, etc.);—absolute שׂ׳ Isaiah 1:9 +; with suffix שְׂרִידוֹ Job 27:15 Kt; plural שְׂרִידִים Joshua 10:20 Joel 3:5; construct שְׂרִידֵי Jeremiah 31:2; with suffix שְׂרִידָיו Obadiah 1:14 + Job 27:15 Qr (van d. H. also Kt);—

survivor (often ‖ פָּלִיט): especially עַד בִּלְתִּי הִשְׁאִיר לוֹ שׂ׳ Numbers 21:35; Joshua 8:22 (both JE), Deuteronomy 3:3; Joshua 10:33; Joshua 11:8; II Kings 10:11 (all D); more simply, לֹא הִשׁ׳ שׂ׳ Deuteronomy 2:34; Joshua 10:28, Joshua 10:30, Joshua 10:37, Joshua 10:39, Joshua 10:40 (all D); י׳ הוֹתִיר לָנוּ שׂ׳ Isaiah 1:9; לֹא יִהְיֶה שׂ׳ לְ Jeremiah 42:17; Jeremiah 44:14 Obadiah 1:18; אֵין שׂ׳ Job 18:19; וְהֶאֱבִיד שׂ׳ מֵעִיר Numbers 24:19; עַם שְׂרִידֵי הָ֑רֶב Jeremiah 31:2, plural also Joshua 10:20 (subj. of שָֽׂרְדוּ), Joel 3:5; Obadiah 1:14; Job 27:15 (see supra); singular also Judges 5:13 (obscure, for שׂ׳ לְ read perhaps יִשְׂרָאֵל GFM Nowack compare Budde), Jeremiah 47:4; Lamentations 2:22.

of things: אֵין שׂ׳ לְאָבְלוֹ Job 20:21, that is nothing has escaped his greed; יֵ֫רַע שׂ׳ בְּאָהֳלוֹ (אֵשׁ) v Job 20:26.

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שָׂרִיד²

n.pr.location on border of Zebulun;—עַד־שׂ׳ Joshua 19:10 (P; Εσεδεκγωλα, A ἕως Σαρθιδ, SeptuagintL Σαρειδ), מִשּׂ׳ v Joshua 19:12 (P; ἀπὸ Σεδδουκ; A Σαριδ).

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שְׂרָד

n.[m.] perhaps Aramaic plaited or braided work (compare then Aramaic סְרָדָא lattice-work, net-work (=Biblical Hebrew מִכְבָּר), textile stuff, curtain (= Biblical Hebrew קְלָעִים), סַרְדוּתָא plaited or braided work; Mishnaic Hebrew סָרָד plaiter, סָרִיד, סָרוּד woven-work; Hom^{ZMG xliv (1890), 548} cp. Bab. šardu, thong);—always absolute: בִּגְדֵי (הַ)שׂ׳ Exodus 31:10; Exodus 35:19; Exodus 39:1, Exodus 39:41 (all P; all + ב׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ, and last three + לְשָׁרֵת בַּקֹּדֶשׁ); Septuagint Exodus 31:10 τ. στολὰς τ. λειτουργικάς (compare Exodus 39:1 [B v Exodus 39:13, SeptuagintL v Exodus 39:11]).

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שָׂרָה

noun (fem.) et pr. see sub שׂרר.

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שָׂרָה²

verb persist, exert oneself, persevere (Arabic شَرِىَ persist, persevere);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׂ׳ אֶת־א׳ Hosea 12:4 he persevered with God; 2nd masculine singular שָׂרִיתָ עִם־א׳ וְעִם אֲנָשִׁים Genesis 32:29.—Hosea 12:5 has future (עתיד) וַיָּ֫שַׂר in same meaning, as if from a (non-existent) שׂוּר; < read וַיִּ֫שֶׂר (apoc. from וַיִּשְׂרֶה).—שׂוֹרָה Isaiah 28:25 see supra, p. 965and

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שְׂרָיָה(וּ)

n.pr.m. (י׳ persisteth Driver^{HastDict. Bib. ii. 530 Jacob});—usually Σαραια(ς);—שְׂרָיָה:

secretary of David II Samuel 8:17, but Septuagint (Vaticanus) Ασα, ‖ שיא II Samuel 20:25 Kt (שְׁוָא Qr), שַׁוְשָׁא I Chronicles 18:16 (in both Ἰησοῦς, SeptuagintL Σουσα), שִׁישָׁא I Kings 4:3 (Σαβα, A Σεισα, SeptuagintL Σαφατ); orig. in all probably ששא Wellhausen Driver Klostermann (Sausa), HPS (שושא), Nowack, Budde.

chief priest II Kings 25:18 = Jeremiah 52:24.

a captain II Kings 25:23; Jeremiah 40:8; Jeremiah 51:59^(×2), Jeremiah 51:61.

son of Ḳenaz I Chronicles 4:13, I Chronicles 4:14.

name in Simeon v I Chronicles 4:35.

Levite name 5:40^(×2).

companion of Zerub. Ezra 2:2.

father of Ezra 7:1.

one sealed Nehemiah 10:3.

priest Nehemiah 11:11; Nehemiah 12:1, Nehemiah 12:12.

שְׂרָיָהוּ, officer of king Jehoiakim, Jeremiah 36:26, τῷ Σαρεα.

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שֶׂ֫רֶט

n.[m.] incision;—absolute וְשׂ׳ לָנֶפֶשׁ לֹא תִתְּנוּ בִּבְשַׂרְכֶם Leviticus 19:28.

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שָׂרֶ֫טֶת

noun (fem.) the same (Barth^{§ 93 α β});—שָׂרָ֑טֶת Leviticus 21:5, see verb Qal.

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שָׂרַי

see sub שׂרר.

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שְׂרָיָה(וּ)²

see sub I. שׂרה.

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שְׂרוֹךְ

n.[m.] (sandal-)thong (? from above √, as crossed and twisted over the foot; on vocalization compare Arabic supra, Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 84 a n Barth^{NB § 42 e});—construct, שְׂ׳־נַעַל Genesis 14:23; Isaiah 5:27.

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שָׂרַף

verb burn (70 times + בָּאֵשׁ, 2 times + בְּמוֹ־אֵשׁ) (Mishnaic Hebrew (rare) = Biblical Hebrew; Assyrian šarâpu; Aramaic שְׂרַף (rare); ܣܪܰܦ is absorb, consume);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׂ׳ Joshua 11:9 +, 3rd feminine singular with suffix שְׂרָפָ֫תַם Isaiah 47:14, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׂרֹף Numbers 19:5 + 2 times, more often וַיִּשְׂרֹף Exodus 32:20 +, 2nd masculine plural תִּשְׂרְפוּן Deuteronomy 7:5 + 2 times; infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׂרוֹף II Samuel 23:7; construct שְׂרֹף Jeremiah 36:25 +; with suffix שָׂרְפוֹ Judges 9:52; Amos 2:1; participle (בינוני) active שֹׂרֵף Leviticus 16:28; Numbers 19:8, plural שֹׂרְפִים II Kings 17:31; passive mpl. שְׂרֻפִים Numbers 17:4; fs. שְׂרוּפָה I Samuel 30:3, שְׂרֻפָה Psalms 80:17, plural שְׂרוּפוֹת Nehemiah 3:34, construct שְׂרֻפוֹת Isaiah 1:7;—burn (59 times + בָּאֵשׁ, 2 times + בְּמוֹ־אֵשׁ):

in making bricks, + לִשְׂרֵפָה Genesis 11:3 (J; obj. om.).

with a direct object rei, usually to destroy, for example door Judges 9:52, house Judges 12:1; I Kings 16:18 (both c. עַל person), Jeremiah 39:8 + 11 times, compare pt. passive Nehemiah 3:24, city Joshua 6:24 I Samuel 30:1, I Samuel 30:14 + 16 times, compare pt. passive I Samuel 30:3; Isaiah 1:7, chariots Joshua 11:6, Joshua 11:9 II Kings 23:11 Psalms 46:10 (subj. י׳), idols, etc., Exodus 32:20 (direct object om.), Deuteronomy 9:21 + 10 times, roll †Jeremiah 36:25, Jeremiah 36:27, Jeremiah 36:28, Jeremiah 36:29, Jeremiah 36:32, wood †Isaiah 44:16, Isaiah 44:19 (both + בְּמוֹ־אֵשׁ), compare Psalms 80:17 (figuratively), Jeremiah 51:32, hair †Ezekiel 5:4; bones, to lime (as outrage) †Amos 2:1; upon altars (in desecration) †I Kings 13:2; II Kings 23:16, II Kings 23:20 = II Chronicles 34:5; bodies, as funeral rite † I Samuel 31:12 (rare custom, Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 353; 2nd ed. 372}; but Klostermann Budde read יִשְׂפְּדוּ [= יִס׳]; compare Benz^{Arch. 163; Ency. Bib. Dead} Nowack^{Arch. i. 188}); שׂ׳ as funeral rite also (obj. om., prob spices, compare II Chronicles 16:14), †c. ל person mort. Jeremiah 34:5, + direct object cogn. שְׂרֵפָה II Chronicles 16:14 (compare שְׂרֵפָה); in ceremonial of P (never of burning sacrif. on altar, הִקְטִיר, compare הֶעֱלָה, but) chiefly (14 times) of consuming refuse, especially unused portions of victims, etc. (to prevent use), and infected objects, Exodus 29:14, Exodus 29:34 +, sometimes מִחוּץ לַמַּחֲנֶה Leviticus 4:12 (+ עַל־עֵצִים), v Leviticus 4:21^(×2) + 4 times, etc., compare Ezekiel 43:21; also of burning red heifer (to produce ashes for purification) Numbers 19:5^(×2), Numbers 19:8.

burn, with a direct object person, (1) as penalty Joshua 7:25, Judges 14:15; Judges 15:6 Leviticus 20:14, compare Numbers 17:4 (pt. passive), so, אֵשׁ subj., Isaiah 47:14, with a direct object cogn. שְׂרֵפָה Leviticus 10:6; (2) as sacrifice, Jeremiah 7:31; Jeremiah 19:5; + ל dei Deuteronomy 12:31; II Kings 17:31.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשָּׂרֵף Joshua 7:15 +, 3rd feminine plural תִּשָּׂרַפְנָה Proverbs 6:27, etc.;—be burned (11 times + בָּאֵשׁ): of city Jeremiah 38:17 + v Jeremiah 38:23 (read תִּשָּׂרֵף for תִּשְׂרֹף Septuagint Peshitta Targum Hitzig Ewald Gf Gie Duhm), idols, etc., Micah 1:7; I Chronicles 14:12; ritually (compare Qal 2 a ad fin.) Leviticus 4:12; Leviticus 6:23; Leviticus 7:17, Leviticus 7:19; Leviticus 13:52; Leviticus 19:6; of person, as penalty Genesis 38:24, Joshua 7:15, II Samuel 23:7 (poet.), Leviticus 21:9.

participle (בינוני) with suffix מְסָֽרְפוֹ Amos 6:10 his burner, usually one burning him, but probably burning spices for him, see Driver and compare Qal supra.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׂרָ֑ף, of goat Leviticus 10:16 it was burnt up (and gone).

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שָׂרָף

noun (masc.) ^{Isaiah 14:29} fiery, serpent, usually venomous (poss. from above √, from burning effect of poison);—absolute שׂ׳ Numbers 21:8 (JE; on Arabic parallels see Jacob^{Ar. Dichter ii. 93, iv. 10 f.}), appos. נָחָשׁ שׂ׳ Deuteronomy 8:15, plural הַנְּחָשִׁים הַשְּׂרָפִים Numbers 21:6; a flying serpent, or dragon, שָׂרָף מְעוֹפֵף Isaiah 14:29; Isaiah 30:6.

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שָׂרָף²

noun (masc.) ^{Isaiah 6:2} plural שְׂרָפִים seraphim (probably akin to i. שׂ׳, as beings orig. mythically conceived with serpents’ bodies (serpent-deities, compare Isaiah 14:29; Isaiah 30:6), or (Cheyne^Comm.) personif. of lightning, compare arts. Seraphim, Strachan^{Hast. DB.} Cheyne^{Ency. Bib.}; Dillmann Marti al. cp. also Egyptian guardian-griffins, called Šerref; see also כְּרוּב; on Assyrian Šarrapu, epith. of god Nergal, connected by Delitzsch^WB; with √ שָׂרַף, see שָׂרָב, Zim^{Schrader's Keilinschriften}.^{3 415});—in OT. majestic beings with six wings, and human hands and voices, attendant upon י׳ Isaiah 6:2, Isaiah 6:6.

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שָׂרָף³

n.pr.m. a Judahite;—I Chronicles 4:22; Σαια, A SeptuagintL Σαραφ.

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שְׂרֵפָה

noun (fem.) burning;—absolute שׂ׳ Isaiah 9:4 +, construct שְׂרֵפַת Numbers 19:6 +;—לשׂ׳ of brick-burning Genesis 11:3 (+ שָׂרַף); destructive Amos 4:11; Isaiah 9:4, of land Deuteronomy 29:22, of temple, הָיָה לִשְׂרֵפַת אֵשׁ Isaiah 64:10, הַר שׂ׳ Jeremiah 51:25 that is a burnt-out volcano (figuratively of Bab.); of heifer Numbers 19:6, compare v Numbers 19:17; of spices (probably) as funeral rite II Chronicles 16:14 (as direct object cogn.), II Chronicles 21:19 (obj. of עָשָׂה), v II Chronicles 21:19; of person (penal) Leviticus 10:6 (direct object cogn., י׳ subj.), Numbers 17:2.

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שֹׂרֵק

n.[m.] choice species of vine;—absolute שׂ׳ Isaiah 5:2, שׂוֹ׳ Jeremiah 2:21 (both in figuratively).

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שֹׂרֵק²

(van d. H. שׂוֹ׳) n.pr.location in נַ֫חַל שׂ׳ Judges 16:4 (proposes Wady of choice vines);—Septuagint Σωρηχ[κ]; probably Wady Ṣurâr (GASm^{Geogr. 218 ff.}), on N. side of which is ruin Sûrîk, 3/4 h. W. of Ṣur‘ah (Ẓor‘ah), Survey^{iii. 53} GFM^{ad location}

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שַׂר²

noun (masc.) chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince (Mishnaic Hebrew especially of angels; Assyrian šarru, king);—absolute שַׂר II Samuel 3:38 +, הַשַּׂר Micah 7:3 +, שָׂ֑ר Hosea 3:4 +; construct שַׂר Judges 4:2 +; with suffix שַׂרְכֶם Daniel 10:21; plural שָׂרִים I Kings 4:2 +; construct שָׂרֵי Genesis 12:15 +; with suffix שָׂרַי Judges 5:15; Isaiah 10:8, שָׂרֵיכֶם Jeremiah 44:21, שָׂרֵיהֶם Isaiah 3:4 +;—

chieftain, leader:

plural of Isr. Numbers 21:18 (poem in JE; ‖ נְדִיב הָעָם), of Issachar Judges 5:15 (poem); שָׂרֵי גִלְעָד Judges 10:18 is doubtful (we should expect וְשׂ׳, and compare זִקְנֵי ג׳, instead, Judges 11:5-11); of Midian Judges 7:25; Judges 8:3; Philistines I Samuel 29:3^(×2), I Samuel 29:4^(×2), I Samuel 29:9 (appar. = סְרָנִים v I Samuel 29:2, I Samuel 29:6, I Samuel 29:7 [Wellhausen], yet disting. by HPS and [with reserve] Budde; Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate Th Budde del. in v I Samuel 29:4), compare I Samuel 18:30; poet., of כְּמוֹשׂ (that is the leading Moabites) Jeremiah 48:7, of מלכם (q.see; that is the leading Ammonites) Amos 1:15 = Jeremiah 49:3.

singular David as leader of freebooters I Samuel 22:2; compare שׂ׳ גְּדוּד I Kings 11:24, plural II Samuel 4:2.

vassal, noble, official, under king (acting, on occasion, as counsellor, commander, etc.):

plural, in Egypt Genesis 12:15 + 3 times Is + Genesis 30:4 Dillmann Duhm Skinner (> of foreign embassy [compare ‖ מַלְאָכָיו] Cheyne al. reading [Cheyne^HebrewHaupt. Marti] שָׂרִים), 105:22; Moab Numbers 22:8 + 8 times Numbers 22:22, Numbers 22:23, Amos 2:3; Edom Isaiah 34:12 (‖ חֹרִים); As. 10:8; 31:9; Bab. 21:5 + 7 times Je + II Chronicles 32:31 (but here perhaps vaguely = authorities); other nations Jeremiah 49:38 + 17 times Ezr Est; in generally Isaiah 49:7; officials, officials class, under kings of Israel: David (only Chr) I Chronicles 22:17 + 5 times 1 Ch, Ezra 8:20; Sol. I Kings 4:2; Jehoiachin II Kings 24:12, II Kings 24:14; Zedek. Jeremiah 34:21; II Chronicles 36:18; other kings 19 times 2 Chr; in generally Ecclesiastes 10:16, Ecclesiastes 10:17; see also (Judah) Jeremiah 1:18 + 31 times Je (Jeremiah 17:25 del. שׂ׳ Gf Cheyne Gie Duhm), 4 times La, Ezekiel 17:12, Zephaniah 1:8 (where disting. from בְּנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ, who are never called שׂ׳); so, in generally, Nehemiah 9:32, Nehemiah 9:34 Daniel 9:6, Daniel 9:8; and (N. Isr.) Hosea 3:4 + 6 times Ho.

as having powers of magistrate Exodus 2:14 (E. + שֹׁפֵט); under Moses (over groups of 1000, 100, 50, 10) Exodus 18:21 + 7 times 18, Deuteronomy 1:15^(×4); later in Judah Hosea 5:10 (Nowack reads שָׂרֵי יִשׂ׳), Isaiah 1:23, compare Isaiah 3:4, Isaiah 3:14; Isaiah 32:1; Micah 7:3 (singular; ‖ שֹׁפֵט), Zephaniah 3:3 (‖ the same), Ezekiel 22:27, compare Proverbs 8:16 (‖ נְדִיבִים); Proverbs 28:2 read perhaps צָרֶיהָ, see Toy.

as ruler or magistrate of a district (מְדִינָה), I Kings 20:14, I Kings 20:15, I Kings 20:17, I Kings 20:19 (compare Esther 1:3; Esther 8:9; Esther 9:3, שָׂרֵי עַם וָעָם Esther 3:12).

as commandant of city, שׂ׳ הָעִיר Judges 9:30, compare I Kings 22:26 = II Chronicles 18:25, II Kings 23:8; II Chronicles 34:8; of citadel, שׂ׳ הַבִּירָה Nehemiah 7:2; plural of city officials, שׂ׳ סֻכּוֹת Judges 8:6, Judges 8:14 (disting. from זְקֵנִים), compare II Kings 10:1; II Chronicles 29:20.

specif. military, = captain, general:

שַׂר־(ה)צבא Genesis 21:22, Genesis 21:32, Genesis 26:26, I Samuel 12:9 + 23 times, + שׂ׳־צ׳־י׳ Joshua 5:14, Joshua 5:15 (JE; צָבָא 1 b), angel-captain in vision; see also 8, 9; שָׂרֵי הַצּ׳ I Kings 1:25 + 3 times Chr, שָׂרִים בַּצּ׳ I Chronicles 12:22 (Gi Baer; van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:21); שָׂרֵי צְבָאוֹת Deuteronomy 20:9; I Kings 2:5; I Chronicles 27:3; שַׂר־הַחַ֫יִל II Samuel 24:2 (but read וְאֶל־שָׂרֵי as SeptuagintL and ‖ I Chronicles 21:2 Th Wellhausen Driver HPS Budde), שָׂרֵי (הַ)ח׳ v I Chronicles 21:4^(×2), II Kings 9:5; II Chronicles 33:14; Nehemiah 2:9, שָׂרֵי הַחֲיָלִים I Kings 15:20 = II Chronicles 16:4; II Kings 25:23; II Kings 25:26 Jeremiah 40:7, Jeremiah 40:13 + 7 times Je; שָׂרֵי מִלְחָמוֹת II Chronicles 32:6; so (ה)שׂר alone II Samuel 18:5; II Samuel 19:7 I Kings 9:22 = II Chronicles 8:9 Septuagint (Vaticanus) Be Kittel (שָׂרָיו וְשָׁלִישָׁיו, for Masoretic Text שָׂרֵי שׂ׳), II Kings 9:5^(×2); I Chronicles 11:6, I Chronicles 11:21 + 9 times, + Job 39:25 Daniel 11:5; שׂ׳ וְגָדוֹל II Samuel 3:38 (of Abner); poss. military figuratively also in שַׂר שָׁלוֹם Isaiah 9:5 (Mess. name).

leading companies of 50 II Kings 1:9-14; Isaiah 3:3, of 100; I Samuel 22:7 + 16 times + I Samuel 8:12 (reading מֵאוֹת for חֲמִשִּׁים Septuagint HPS, compare Wellhausen; Budde ins. שָׂרֵי מֵאוֹת), of 1000; I Samuel 17:18 + 11 times, + שָׂרֵי הָאֲלָפִים וְהַמֵּאוֹת I Chronicles 13:1 I Chronicles 26:26 (disting. from שָׂרֵי הַצָּבָא), I Chronicles 27:1; I Chronicles 29:6; II Chronicles 1:2; also שׂ׳ הָרֶכֶב captain of the chariotry I Kings 22:31, I Kings 22:32, I Kings 22:33 = II Chronicles 18:30, II Chronicles 18:31, II Chronicles 18:32 + 3 times + שָׂרֵי ר׳ וּפָרָשָׁיו I Kings 9:22 = II Chronicles 8:9.

chief, head, of other official classes: שַׂר הַטַּבָּחִים, Egypt, Genesis 37:36 + 5 times; שָׂרֵי הָרָצִים I Kings 14:27 = II Chronicles 12:10; שָׂרֵי הַנִּצָּבִים I Kings 5:30; I Kings 9:23 = II Chronicles 8:10; even domestic positions (court of Pharaoh), שַׂר הַמַּשְׁקִים Genesis 40:2 + 5 times, שַׂר הָאוֹפוֹת Genesis 40:2 + 4 times (all E); שָׂרֵי הַמַּהְלְקוֹת I Chronicles 28:1, that is of the successive courses of royal military officials; compare הַשַּׂר I Chronicles 27:28; שַׂר הַסָּרִיסִים Daniel 1:7, Daniel 1:8, Daniel 1:9, Daniel 1:10, Daniel 1:11, Daniel 1:18; שַׂר מְנוּחָה Jeremiah 51:59.

= overseer: שַׂר בֵּית הַסֹּהַר Genesis 39:21, Genesis 39:23, שָׂרֵי מִקְנֶה Genesis 47:6 (all J; compare אַבִּיר הָרֹעִים I Samuel 21:8), שָׂרֵי מִסִּים Exodus 1:11; compare I Chronicles 15:27; I Chronicles 29:6; I Chronicles 27:31; I Chronicles 28:1.—In I Chronicles 15:22 read probably סַר הַמַּשָּׂא (= שַׂר) overseer of the carrying (for Masoretic Text בְּמַשָּׂא יָסֹר בַּמַּשָּׂא), so Septuagint Benz Kittel, Be יָסֹר = יָשׂר; see another view יָסַר Qal.

of religious office: שָׂרֵי הַכֹּהֲנִים Ezra 8:24, Ezra 8:29; Ezra 10:5 II Chronicles 36:14; שׂ׳ הַלְוִיִּם I Chronicles 15:16, I Chronicles 15:22 II Chronicles 35:9, compare I Chronicles 15:5, I Chronicles 15:6, I Chronicles 15:7, I Chronicles 15:8, I Chronicles 15:9, I Chronicles 15:10; heads of classes or courses of priests, called שָׂרֵי קֹדֶשׁ I Chronicles 24:5, שׂ׳ אֱלֹהִים v I Chronicles 24:5;—שָׂרֵי ק׳ Isaiah 43:28 (usually consecrated princes, whether priests, or kings, or both) is probably corrupt, read perhaps שַׁעֲרֵי (Duhm) or וַיְחַלְּלוּ שָׂרֶיךָ קָדְשִׁי Septuagint Houb Klostermann Cheyne^Haupt Gratz (substantially).

late, of representative leaders of people, tribal heads, שׂ׳ שִׁבְטֵי יִשׂ׳ I Chronicles 27:22; I Chronicles 29:6, compare I Chronicles 28:1; appar. = elders, שׂ׳ הָעָם Ezekiel 11:1; II Chronicles 24:23; שׂ׳ alone, Psalms 68:28^(×3); in post-exilic Jerus. Ezra 9:1; Ezra 9:2 Nehemiah 4:10; Nehemiah 10:1; Nehemiah 11:1 (שָׂרֵי הָעָם), + elders Ezra 10:8, Ezra 10:14; called שָׂרֵי יְהוּדָה Nehemiah 12:31, Nehemiah 12:32; of district-rulers Nehemiah 3:9, Nehemiah 3:12, Nehemiah 3:14, Nehemiah 3:15, Nehemiah 3:16, Nehemiah 3:17, Nehemiah 3:18, Nehemiah 3:19; of heads of families, שָׂרֵי הָאָבוֹת Ezra 8:29; I Chronicles 29:6 (= רָאשֵׁי הָא׳ I Chronicles 24:31; I Chronicles 27:1; Nehemiah 7:69).

late, as term of rank and dignity, Isaiah 23:8 (compare ‘merchant-princes’), Job 3:15; Job 29:9 (‖ נְגִידִים), Job 34:19 Psalms 45:17; Psalms 82:7; Psalms 148:11, opposite עבד(ים) Proverbs 19:10; Ecclesiastes 10:7; formidable foes Psalms 119:23, Psalms 119:161.

= patron-angel, only Dn: פָּרַס (מַלְכוּת) שַׂר Daniel 10:13, Daniel 10:20, שׂ׳ יָוָן v Daniel 10:20; specif. of מִיכָאֵל v Daniel 10:13, Daniel 10:21; Daniel 12:1.

שַׂר־הַצָבָא Daniel 8:11 = God (probably, compare צָבָא 1 c; yet see also צ׳ 1 b), so שַׂר שָׂרִים v Daniel 8:25.

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שָׂרַר

verb denom. (Gerber²⁰) be, or act as, prince, rule;—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיָּ֫שַׂר עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל Judges 9:22 Abim. ruled over Isr. three years; 3rd masculine plural שָׂרִים … יָשׂ֑רוּ Isaiah 32:1 princes shall govern (prince it) justly (‖ יִמְלָךְ־מֶלֶךְ), compare Proverbs 8:16; participle (בינוני) לִהְיוֹת … שֹׂרֵר Esther 1:22 that every man should bear rule בְּבֵיתוֹ.

future (עתיד), 2nd masculine singular + infinitive (מקור) absolute כִּי־תִשְׂתָּרֵר עָלֵינוּ גַּס־הִשְׂתָּרֵר Numbers 16:13 that thou shouldst also keep playing the prince over us.—יָסֹר I Chronicles 15:22 see יָסַר Qal and שַׂר 4 b. Hiph. past (עבר) 3rd plural metapl. הֵשִׂירוּ (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67 v) Hosea 8:4 they made princes (absolute; ‖ הִמְלִיכוּ).

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שָׂרָה³

noun (fem.) princess, noble lady;—construct שָׂרָ֫תִי (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 90 l) Lamentations 1:1; plural שָׂרוֹת I Kings 11:3, construct the same Esther 1:18; with suffix שָׂרוֹתֶיהָ Judges 5:29, -תֵיהֶם Isaiah 49:23;—princesses attending Sisera’s mother Judges 5:29; of Sol.’s wives I Kings 11:3, other queens Isaiah 49:23 (‖ מְלָכִים); wives of nobles Esther 1:18; figuratively of Jerus. Lamentations 1:1.

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שָׂרָה⁴

n.pr.f. wife of Abraham (princess);—Σαρρα: Genesis 17:15 (where formal change from שָׂרַי), v Genesis 17:17, Genesis 17:19, Genesis 17:21; Genesis 21:1, Genesis 21:3; Genesis 23:1^(×2), Genesis 23:2^(×2), Genesis 23:19; Genesis 25:10, Genesis 25:12; Genesis 49:31 (all P), Genesis 18:6 + 9 times Genesis 18:18, Genesis 21:1, Genesis 21:2; Genesis 24:36, Genesis 24:67 (all J), Genesis 20:2^(×2), Genesis 20:14, Genesis 20:16, Genesis 20:18; Genesis 21:6, Genesis 21:7, Genesis 21:9, Genesis 21:12 (all E); an ancestress of Hebrews Isaiah 51:2.

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שָׂרַי²

n.pr.f. wife of Abram (Noldeke^{ZMG xiii (1888), 484} Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 801 Konig^{ii. 1, 427} make = foregoing, with old feminine ending י—ַ; >Lagarde^{BN 92, Anm.}*, emphasizing diff. in Septuagint, der.froma √ شرى, and cp. شراة, name of a barren mt.; compare Robertson Smith יִשְׂרָאֵל above, sub I. שׂרה);—Septuagint Σαρα;—Genesis 11:30, v Genesis 11:31, Genesis 12:5, Genesis 12:11, Genesis 12:17; Genesis 16:1, Genesis 16:2, Genesis 16:3, Genesis 16:5, Genesis 16:6^(×2), Genesis 16:8^(×2) (all J), Genesis 17:15; שָׂרָ֑י Genesis 11:29, Genesis 16:2, Genesis 17:15.

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שָׂשׂוֹן²

see שׂוֹשׂ.

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שָׂתַם

verb usually stop up, in sense of shut out, shut ears against (late ‖ form of סָתַם; yet awkward; Barth^{ES 9} cp. Arabic شَمَّتَ frustrate, disappoint);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׂ׳ תְּפִלָּתִי Lamentations 3:8 (> van d. H. שָׂתָם) he (י׳) hath shut out my prayer (Budde שׂ׳ מִתּ׳ shut up [himself] from).

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שָׁאַב

verb draw (water) (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, also attract; Aramaic שְׁאֵיב, of magnet; Arabic سَأَبَ be satisfied with drinking);—

past (עבר) 2nd masculine plural consec. וּשְׁאַבְהֶּם Isaiah 12:3; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular וַתִּשְׁאַב Genesis 24:20, -אָ֑ב v Genesis 24:45; 1st singular אֶשְׁאָ֑ב v Genesis 24:19, Genesis 24:44; 3rd masculine plural יִשְׁאֲבוּן Ruth 2:9, וַיִּשְׁאֲבוּ I Samuel 7:6 + 2 times; imperative (ציווי) fs. שַׁאֲבִי Nahum 3:14; participle (בינוני) ms. שֹׁאֵב Deuteronomy 29:10, plural construct שֹׁאֲבֵי Joshua 9:21, Joshua 9:23, Joshua 9:27; fpl. הַשֹּׁאֲבֹת Genesis 24:11;—draw water, with a direct object מַיִם Genesis 24:13, I Samuel 7:6; I Samuel 9:11, + מִן of source II Samuel 23:16 = I Chronicles 11:8, Isaiah 12:3 (figuratively); מֵי מָצוֹר שׁ׳ לָךְ Nahum 3:14; מַיִם om. Genesis 24:20, Genesis 24:43, Genesis 24:45 and (+ ל of animals) v Genesis 24:19, Genesis 24:20, Genesis 24:41 (all J); with a direct object אֲשֶׁר Ruth 2:9 drink of that which the young men draw; participle (בינוני) fpl. Genesis 24:11 the water-drawing women; m. שֹׁאֵב מֵימֶיךָ Deuteronomy 29:10 (servile labour, ‖ חֹטֵב עֵצֶיךָ), so mpl. Joshua 9:21, Joshua 9:23, Joshua 9:27 (P; all c. ל, and all ‖ חֹטְבֵי עֵצִים).

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שָׁאַג

verb roar (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic ثَأَجَ low, bleat, Freytag);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular וְשׁ׳ Isaiah 5:29 Kt consec. (>Qr יִשְׁאַג), שָׁאָ֖ג Amos 3:8, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁאַג Amos 3:4 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׁאֹג Jeremiah 25:30; participle (בינוני) שֹׁאֵג Judges 14:5 Psalms 22:14, שׁוֹאֵג Ezekiel 22:25, שֹׁאֲגִים Zephaniah 3:3 Psalms 104:21;—

roar, of lion Judges 14:5 (c. לִקְרָאתוֹ), Amos 3:4, Amos 3:8 Psalms 104:21 (c. ל of prey), figuratively of invaders and foes Jeremiah 2:15 (c. עַל person) Psalms 22:14, compare Psalms 74:4, sim. Isaiah 5:29; Jeremiah 51:38; figuratively of rapacious rulers Zephaniah 3:3; Ezekiel 22:25 (read נְשִׂיאֶיהָ for נְבִיאֶיהָ Septuagint and mod.); of י׳ (like lion) calling scattered Isr. Hosea 11:10^(×2) (on text of see see Nowack); of י׳ roaring in thunder Jeremiah 25:30 = Amos 1:2 = Joel 4:16, also Jeremiah 25:30 (שָׁאֹג יִשְׁאַג, followed by עַל־נָוֵהוּ); compare יִשְׁאַג־קוֹל Job 37:4 (‖ יַרְעֵם).

of human cry in distress Psalms 38:9 (c. מִן causat.).

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שְׁאָגָה

noun (fem.) roaring;—

like lion, absolute שׁ׳ Isaiah 5:29 (of invaders); of lion, construct שַׁאֲגַת Zechariah 11:3; Job 4:10 (figuratively of wicked), with suffix קוֹל שַׁאֲגָתוֹ Ezekiel 19:7 (figuratively of conquering king).

human cry in distress, שַׁאֲגָתִי Psalms 32:3, דִּבְרֵי שׁ׳ Psalms 22:2, שַׁאֲגֹתָ֑י Job 3:24.

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שָׁאָה

verb make a din or crash, crash into ruins (perhaps akin to שׁוֹאָה (√ שׁוא) storm, devastation; > Aramaic ܫܗܳܐ be deserted, שַׁהֲוָוא, שַׁהֲוָתָא desert);—

past (עבר) 3rd plural שָׁאוּ Isaiah 6:11 until cities have crashed into ruins; + perhaps Nahum 1:5 (p. 671^a).

future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תִּשָּׁאֶה שְׁמָמָה Isaiah 6:11, usually, and the ground be ruined into a desolation, but Septuagint Lo Duhm Marti תִּשָּׁאֵר be left a desol.; 3rd masculine plural יִשָּׁא֑וּן Isaiah 17:12 they are in uproar (of nations, ‖ יֶהֱמָיוּן), v Isaiah 17:13 (but del. as doublet Duhm Cheyne^Haupt. Marti).

infinitive (מקור) construct לְהַשְׁאוֹת Isaiah 37:26, = לַהְשׁוֹת II Kings 19:25 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 23 f Konig^{i. 570}, who follow van d. H. in giving לְהַשְׁאוֹת as Qr, but see Baer Gi), to cause … cities to crash into ruined heaps.

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שַׁאֲוָה

Kt, שׁוֹאָה Qr, noun (fem.) devastating storm;—sim. Proverbs 1:27 (‖ סוּפָה). V. שׁוֹאָה, √ II. שׁוא.

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שָׁאוֹן

noun (masc.) ^{Hosea 10:14} roar (of waters, etc.), din, crash, uproar;—absolute שׁ׳ Hosea 10:14 +; construct שְׁאוֹן Isaiah 13:4 +; with suffix שְׁאוֹנָהּ Isaiah 5:14;—

roar of water (waves), Isaiah 17:12 (‖ הָמָה), sim. of noise of invading host, so v Isaiah 17:13, but del. Duhm Cheyne^Haupt. Marti, as doublet; roar of this host v Isaiah 17:12 (‖ הָמוֹן), compare שְׁאוֹן קוֹלָם Jeremiah 51:55; of waves also Psalms 65:8^(×2); of din or crash of battle Amos 2:2 Hosea 10:14 Psalms 74:23; בְּנֵי שׁ׳ Jeremiah 48:45 (that is warriors); of battle in which י׳ beats down his foes Jeremiah 25:31, compare Isaiah 66:6; of gathering hosts Isaiah 13:4; שׁ׳ זָרִים Isaiah 25:5 (Duhm Marti, plausibly, גְּאוֹן זֵדֵים, as Isaiah 13:11); read שׁ׳ also probably (for שַׁאֲנָן, q.see) II Kings 19:28 = Isaiah 37:29; in mocking appell. of Pharaoh (Necho), Jeremiah 46:17 פ׳ (Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate) קִרְאוּ שֵׁם call ye the name of Phoenician a Crash.

uproar of revellers Isaiah 5:14; Isaiah 24:8.—בּוֹר שׁ׳ Psalms 40:3, pit of roaring (of waters? figuratively, compare מַעֲמַקֵּי־מַיִם Psalms 69:3, where also ‖ יָוֵן); Gesenius' Thesaurus al. of destruction (see √ 2), but against usage of שָׁאוֹן; > Duhm proposes בּוֹר שָׁוְא (compare נָפַת שָׁוְא Isaiah 30:28).

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שֵׁאת

noun (fem.) doubtful word; perhaps (for* שֶׁאֶת) din of battle (= שָׁאוֹן); Gesenius' Thesaurus al. devastation, compare שְׁאִיָּה; either meaning suits הַשּׁ׳ Lamentations 3:47 (‖ הַשָּׁ֑בֶר; but Wellhausen^{Comp. Hex. 2, 351}, from II. שׁוא, desolation); contr. (according to Gesenius' Thesaurus and most) שֵׁת, in בְּנֵי שֵׁת Numbers 24:17 sons of (battle-)din (warriors, = בְּנֵי שָׁאוֹן in ‖ Jeremiah 48:45); Vrss take שֵׁת here as n.pr.; Gray proposes שֵׂת = שְׂאֵת, pride, or reading as Je, compare Wellhausen^{Comp. 351}.

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שָׁאָה²

verb

gaze (appar. ‖ form of שָׁעָה, q.see);—participle (בינוני) ms. הָאִישׁ מִשְׁתָּאֵה לָהּ Genesis 24:21 the man was gazing at her (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 130 a).

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שָׁאַל

verb ask, inquire (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Assyrian šaʾâlu, Arabic سَأَلَ, Ethiopic ሰአለ: Sab. מסאל request, petition, Hom^{Chrest. 124} Levy-Os^{ZMG xix (1865), 165}; Aramaic ܫܶܐܠ, שְׁאֵיל; O Aramaic Zinj. שאל Ldzb³⁷¹, Nab. Hiph. lend the same^ib.;—on שׁ׳ compare Jastr^{JBL xix (1900), 82 ff.});—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Judges 5:25 +, שָׁאָ֑ל Judges 8:26 + 2 times; consec. וְשָׁ֫אַל לוֹ Numbers 27:21; with suffix וּשְׁאֵלְךָ consec. Genesis 32:18 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 64 f), וּשְׁאֵלֵךְ consec. Judges 4:20; 1st singular with suffix שְׁאִלְתִּיו I Samuel 1:20, שְׁאִלְתִּיהוּ Judges 13:16; 3rd plural with suffix שְׁאֵלוּנוּ Psalms 137:3; 2nd masculine plural שְׁאֶלְתֶּם I Samuel 12:13 (del. Septuagint Th Wellhausen Driver and most), Job 21:29, וּשְׁאֶלְתֶּס־ consec. I Samuel 25:5, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁאַל Exodus 22:13 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) שְׁאַל Isaiah 7:11 +, שְׁאָלוּנִי Isaiah 45:11 (< תִּשְׁאָלוּנִי Weir Cheyne al.), etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׁאוֹל Genesis 43:7 +; construct לִשְׁאֹל Judges 1:14 +, etc.; participle (בינוני) active שֹׁאֵל II Samuel 3:13 +, fs. שֹׁאֶלֶת I Kings 2:20, I Kings 2:22, mpl. הַשֹּׁאֲלִים I Samuel 8:10; passive שָׁאוּל I Samuel 1:28; II Kings 6:5;—

ask, ask for, direct object rei (vel person) Judges 5:25; Judges 8:26; I Kings 3:10 Psalms 122:6 (= pray for) +; שׁ׳ אֶת־נַפְשׁוֹ לָמוּת I Kings 19:4; Jonah 4:8, that is pray for death, but Job 31:30 demand the life of another בְּאָלָה by a curse; c. ל person I Kings 2:22^(×2) + (ל person reflex.) I Samuel 12:17, I Samuel 12:19 +; c. מִן person Judges 8:24 (direct object cogn.), Ezra 8:22; Zechariah 10:1 +; followed by הָבִין I Kings 3:11; followed by cl. שׁ׳ מָה אֶתֶּן־לָֽךְ׃ I Kings 3:5 = II Chronicles 1:7, compare II Kings 2:9; with a direct object + מֵאֵת person I Samuel 8:10 Psalms 27:4 (from י׳) +; + מֵעִם person Isaiah 7:11 (from י׳) +; with a direct object person (from whom) + rei †Psalms 137:3; direct object om. Isaiah 7:12; II Samuel 12:20; I Kings 2:20; c. מִן person Psalms 2:8; absolute Micah 7:3 Psalms 105:40 (of prayer); הִקְשִׁיתָ לִשְׁאוֹל II Kings 2:10, that is thou hast asked for a difficult thing.—I Samuel 2:20 see Hiph.

specif. ask as a favour, for temporary use, that is borrow (compare לָוָה, as matter of business, see Budde I Samuel 1:28), Exodus 22:13 (E; direct object rei + מֵעִם person), II Kings 4:3 (direct object rei + מִן of source + ל person reflex.), II Kings 6:5 (pt. passive absolute); so also (according to many), with a direct object rei Exodus 3:22 (+ מִן person) Exodus 11:2; Exodus 12:35 (both + מֵאֵת person; all E),—it is, however, not clear that there was any pretext of mere temporary use; pt. passive שָׁאוּל לי׳ I Samuel 1:28 (lent, granted) made over to י׳ (in effect passive of Hiph., q.see).

in weakened sense, seek, desire (late), with a direct object II Chronicles 11:23 Ecclesiastes 2:10 (subj. עֵינַי); Proverbs 20:4 in harvest he shall look [for a crop], וָאָ֑יִן and there shall be none.

inquire of, with a direct object person + לֵאמֹר before inquiry Genesis 32:18, Genesis 44:19 +; c. וְאָמַר Judges 4:20, וַיֹּאמֶר, etc., Genesis 24:47, Jeremiah 37:13; followed by וְאָמַר without direct object person Genesis 32:30, compare I Samuel 19:22, followed by לֵאמֹר Joshua 4:6; with a direct object person + עַל rei Nehemiah 1:2; עַל rei alone, Ecclesiastes 7:10 (+ מֵחָכְמָה, that is prompted by wisdom); with a direct object person + rei (about which) II Samuel 14:18; Isaiah 45:11 + 4 times; direct object person + indir.quest. Judges 13:6; with a direct object person only, Judges 8:14; I Samuel 25:8 Deuteronomy 32:7 +, inquire of beasts (direct object) Job 12:7; with a direct object rei only, Jeremiah 50:5; c. ל person = direct object II Kings 8:6 (Konig^{Synt. § 289 h}); c. ל rei about which Genesis 26:7, Genesis 32:30, Judges 13:18; II Samuel 11:7; Jeremiah 6:16; Job 8:8, also (+ לאמר before the inquiry) Genesis 43:7, and (followed by direct question) Deuteronomy 4:32; c. ל person about whom, Genesis 43:27, compare phr. of greeting, שׁ׳ אִישׁ לְרֵעֵהוּ לְשָׁלוֹם Exodus 18:7 ask each for (or about) his fellow as to welfare, compare †Judges 18:15; I Samuel 10:4; I Samuel 17:22; I Samuel 25:5; I Samuel 30:21 [read וַיִּשְׁאֲלוּ לוֹ Septuagint Peshitta Wellhausen Driver HPS Budde] II Samuel 8:10; Jeremiah 15:5; I Chronicles 18:10; followed by direct question only, I Samuel 17:56; Jeremiah 18:13 (c. ב location), followed by indirect question only (c. אִם) Jeremiah 30:6; שׁ׳ אֶת־פִי פ׳ Genesis 24:57; absolute make inquiry Deuteronomy 13:15 (+ דָּרַשׁ, חָקַר).

inquire of, consult, deity, oracle, etc. (Jastr^{JBL xix (1900), 88 ff.}), followed by direct object פִּי י׳ Joshua 9:14, Isaiah 30:2, י׳ Isaiah 65:1 (‖ בִּקֵּשׁ); elsewhere in Hex only (direct object om.), Numbers 27:21 (P; c. ל person for whom, + ב instr.), compare Joshua 19:50; also שׁ׳ אוֹב Deuteronomy 18:11 (pt. as noun; Jäger^{BAS ii. 292} cp. Assyrian maššaku ša šâ’ili, that is skin-vessel of the oracle-seeker, compare Jastr^{JBL xix (1900), 96 ff.}); with a direct object of human agent I Samuel 28:16; Jeremiah 38:14, Jeremiah 38:27; usually (ancient usage, chiefly Ju Smend) שׁ׳ בי׳ לֵאמֹר (בְּ perhaps orig. local, so GFM, or instr.), Judges 1:1; Judges 20:23; I Samuel 23:2; I Samuel 30:8; II Samuel 2:1; II Samuel 5:19 = I Chronicles 14:10; לֵאמֹר om. I Samuel 10:22 (followed by direct question), I Samuel 22:10 (ל person for whom), I Samuel 23:4; I Samuel 28:6; II Samuel 5:23 = I Chronicles 14:14; Judges 20:27; שׁ׳ בֵּאלֹהִים Judges 18:5; Judges 20:18; I Samuel 14:37 (followed by direct question), also (ל person for whom), I Samuel 22:13, I Samuel 22:15; שׁ׳ בִּדְבַר הָא׳ II Samuel 16:23; likewise שׁ׳ בְּעֵצוֹ Hosea 4:12 (that is his idol), בַּתְּרָפִים Ezekiel 21:26, בָּאוֹב I Chronicles 10:13; perhaps = receive as oracle Deuteronomy 18:16 (מֵעִם י׳), Jastr^l.c..

ask for oneself (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 51 e), specif. ask leave of absence, c. מִן person: past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular + infinitive (מקור) absolute נִשְׁאֹל נִשְׁאַל I Samuel 20:6 (followed by inf.), v I Samuel 20:28 (followed by עַד;? ins. ל inf. HPS); past (עבר) 1st singular נִשְׁאַלְתִּי מִן־הַמֶּלֶךְ Nehemiah 13:6 (absolute).

inquire carefully: future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural + Qal infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׁאוֹל יְשָֽׁאֲלוּ II Samuel 20:18 (Budde proposes Qal future (עתיד) יִשְׁאֲלוּ), c. ב location; on following context see Wellhausen Driver HPS Budde.

beg, practise beggary, past (עבר) 3rd plural וְשִׁאֵ֑לוּ (consec.) Psalms 109:10.

(proposes let one ask [successfully], give, or lend, on request, then) grant, make over to (as a favour, with or without request): past (עבר) 1st singular with suffix הִשְׁאִלְתִּהוּ לי׳ I Samuel 1:28 I have made him over to י׳ (compare Driver HPS Budde and Qal participle (בינוני) passive, ib.); perhaps also read 3rd feminine singular הִשְׁאִילָה לי׳ I Samuel 2:20 (whom) she hath made over to י׳ (for שָׁאַל לי׳) Budde HPS (after Septuagint in part; other conjunction in Driver); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural with suffix rei וַיַּשְׁאִלוּם Exodus 12:36 and they handed them over.

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שָׁאוּל

n.pr.m. (= asked (of י׳), compare שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל below; Palmyrene n.pr. שאילא Lidzbarski³⁷¹ Cooke²⁸³);—Σαουλ:

₃₉₇ 1st king of Isr., I Samuel 9:2, I Samuel 9:3^(×2), I Samuel 9:5 (son of Kish, a Benjamite) + 359 times Smend, 28 times 1 Chr, Psalms 18:1; Psalms 52:2; Psalms 54:2; Psalms 57:1; Psalms 59:1 (all in titles); גִּבְעַת שׁ׳ Isaiah 10:29 (and I Samuel 11:4; I Samuel 15:34; II Samuel 21:6 see II. גִּבְעָה).

a king of Edom Genesis 36:37, Genesis 36:38 = I Chronicles 1:48, I Chronicles 1:49.

a son of Simeon Genesis 46:10; Exodus 6:15; Numbers 26:13 (all P) = I Chronicles 4:24.

a Levite I Chronicles 6:9.

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שְׁאָ֫לָה

Isaiah 7:11 see שְׁאוֹל 1.

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שְׁאֵלָה

[i. שֵׁלָה] noun (fem.) request, thing asked for;—שְׁא׳ Judges 8:24 +; with suffix שְׁאֵלָתִי I Samuel 1:27 +, שֶׁאֱלָתִי Job 6:8, שְׁאֵלָתֵךְ Esther 5:6 +, שֵׁלָתֵךְ I Samuel 1:17, שֶׁאֱלָתָם Psalms 106:15;—

request, petition, Judges 8:24; I Kings 2:16, I Kings 2:20 (both direct object cogn. c. שָׁאַל), Esther 5:6, Esther 5:7 (c. נָתַן = grant), Esther 7:2, Esther 7:3; Esther 9:12. This passes easily into

thing asked for, I Samuel 2:20, c. נָתַן I Samuel 1:17, I Samuel 1:27; Esther 5:8 Psalms 106:15; תָּבוֹא שׁ׳ Job 6:8.—ii. שֵׁלָה see below אֶשְׁתָּאֹל n.pr.m., see p. 84and

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שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל

n.pr.m. (I have asked (him) of God; on direct object compare (late) Psalms 137:3);—first son of Jehoiachin and uncle of Zerubbabel according to I Chronicles 3:17 (compare v I Chronicles 3:18, I Chronicles 3:19); but Z.’s father Haggai 1:1; Haggai 2:23; Ezekiel 3:2, Ezekiel 3:8; Nehemiah 12:1 (attempts at explan. in Be Kittel Benz).—Σαλαθιηλ.

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שְׁאוֹל

noun (fem.) ^{Psalms 86:13} (appar. m. Job 26:6 compare Isaiah 14:9, see Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 51}) Sh^eʾôl, underworld (√ doubtful; שׁאל, that is place of inquiry (ref. to necromancy) Jastr^{Am. J. Sem. Lang. xiv. 170, compare JBL xix (1900), 88 ff.} (Jerem^{Leben n. d. Tode 109} ‘Ort der Entscheidung’); Gesenius' Thesaurus Böttcher^{De infinitive (מקור) § 158} Dillmann al. cp. √ שׁעל, whence שֹׁעַל hollow hand, etc.; שׁ׳ then = hollow place, ‘Hölle’, hell; other conjunction see Hup Psalms 6:6; De Isaiah 5:14 Beer^{Bibl. Hades} in Holtzmann^{Festgabe, 1902, 15}; most now refrain from positive etymology (for example Buhl); Old Aramaic שאול, Syriac ܫܝܽܘܠ; Assyrian šu-alu is doubtful: so read and interpr. Delitzsch^{Pa 121; Prol. 47, 145} Jastr^{Am. J. Sem. Lang. xiv. 165 ff.} Ency. Bib.^s.see; opposite by Bertin^{TSBA viii. 269} Jen^{Kosmol. 223 ff.} Zim^{Schrader's Keilinschriften 3. 636} al.; see also Muss-Arnolt^{JBL xi (1892), 169} and reff.);—always absolute, שְׁאוֹל Deuteronomy 32:22 + 52 times, ה—ָ Genesis 42:38 Psalms 9:18; שְׁאֹל I Kings 2:6; Job 17:16, ה—ָ Genesis 37:35 + 7 times; + Isaiah 7:11 (so read for שְׁאָ֫לָה Aq Σ Θ Duhm Cheyne and now most);—

the underworld, שׁ׳ תַּחְתִּית Deuteronomy 32:22, מִתַּחַת Isaiah 14:9; מִשּׁ׳ מָ֑טָּה Proverbs 15:24; ‖ מָוֶת Proverbs 5:5; Proverbs 7:27; Song of Songs 8:6 Psalms 89:49; whither men descend at death, Genesis 37:35, Genesis 42:38; Genesis 44:29, Genesis 44:31, I Samuel 2:6; I Kings 2:6, I Kings 2:9; Job 7:9; Job 21:13; Isaiah 14:11, Isaiah 14:15 Psalms 88:4, and Ḳoraḥ and associates go down alive by י׳’s judgment, Numbers 16:30, Numbers 16:33, compare Psalms 55:16; under mts. and sea Job 26:6 (compare v Job 26:5), בֶּטֶן שׁ׳ Jonah 2:3 (compare v Jonah 2:7); with bars Job 17:16 (si vera l.: see Septuagint Duhm); פִּי שׁ׳ Psalms 141:7; שַׁעֲרֵי שׁ׳ Isaiah 38:10; personif. Isaiah 28:15, Isaiah 28:18 (‖ מות) as insatiable monster Isaiah 5:14; Habakkuk 2:5; Proverbs 1:12; Proverbs 27:20; Proverbs 30:16; as said (figuratively) to have snares, חֶבְלֵי שׁ׳, Psalms 18:6 = II Samuel 22:6, compare מְצָרֵי שׁ׳ Psalms 116:3; opposite (height of) שָׁמַיִם Amos 9:2; Job 11:8 Psalms 139:8 + (opposite לְמָ֑עְלָה) Isaiah 7:11 (see supra); dark, gloomy, without return Job 17:13 (compare v Job 17:16; Job 7:9; Job 10:21; Job 16:22; all being alike Job 3:17-19; Job 21:23-26); without work or knowledge or wisdom according to Ecclesiastes 9:5, Ecclesiastes 9:6, Ecclesiastes 9:10 (compare Job 14:21, and see רְפָאִים sub רפה; yet compare Isaiah 14:9).

condition of righteous and wicked disting. in שׁ׳ (later than I Samuel 28, especially in WisdLt):

wicked יָשׁוּבוּ לִשְׁא֑וֹלָה Psalms 9:18, יִדְּמוּ לִשׁ׳ Psalms 31:18; death is their shepherd, without power and honour they waste away Psalms 49:15^(×2); שׁ׳ consumes them as drought water Job 24:19; righteous dread it because no praise or presence of God there (as in temple) Psalms 6:6 (compare Psalms 88:6), Isaiah 38:18; deliverance from it a blessing Psalms 30:4; Psalms 86:13; Proverbs 23:14. In Ezek. שׁ׳ is land below, place of reproach, abode of uncircumcised Ezekiel 31:15, Ezekiel 31:16, Ezekiel 31:17; Ezekiel 32:21, Ezekiel 32:27.

righteous shall not be abandoned, לשׁ׳ Psalms 16:10 (‖ שַׁחַת q.see; opposite אֹרַח הַיִּים, etc., v Psalms 16:11, compare Psalms 17:15), is ransomed from שׁ׳ Psalms 49:16 (compare Psalms 73:23, Psalms 73:25; Isaiah 57:1, Isaiah 57:2); compare Job’s expectation and desire Job 14:13; Job 17:13 (compare Job 10:21; Job 19:25).

later distinction of places in שׁ׳:

depths of שׁ׳ for sensualist Proverbs 9:18.

שׁ׳ וַאֲבַדּוֹן Proverbs 15:11, see אֲבַדּוֹן. [שַׁחַת and בּוֹר, q.see, when ‖ שׁ׳, are usually in bad sense (Psalms 88:4); probably = pit in שׁ׳, > שׁ׳ itself as pit; words at least prepare for local distinctions of postB. Judaism and NT.]

שׁ׳ figuratively of extreme degradation in sin Isaiah 57:9; as place of exile for Israel Hosea 13:14^(×2) (compare Isaiah 26:19).

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שָׁאַן

verb Paʿl. (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 55d) be at ease or at peace, rest securely (Syriac ܫܰܝܶܢ pacify, ܫܰܝܢܳܐ, Ethiopic ስንእ; peace);—past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שַׁאֲנַן Jeremiah 48:11, וְשׁ׳ consec. Jeremiah 30:10 +; 3rd plural שַׁאֲנָ֑נוּ Job 3:18;—be at ease, secure, undisturbed by ill fortune: וְשָׁקַט וְשׁ׳ וְאֵין מַחֲרִיד Jeremiah 30:10 = Jeremiah 46:27; Jeremiah 48:11 (of Moab); שׁ׳ מִפַּחַד רָעָה Proverbs 1:33; of rest from trouble, etc., in grave Job 3:18.

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שְׁאָן

see בֵּית שְׁאָן.

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שַׁאֲנָן

adjective at ease, secure (Barth^{NB § 143 a} Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 84 b k);—absolute שׁ׳ Isaiah 33:20; plural שַׁאֲנַנִּים Amos 6:1 +, שַׁאֲנַנּוֹת Isaiah 32:9, Isaiah 32:11, Isaiah 32:18;—

at ease, secure: נָוֶה שׁ׳ Isaiah 33:20 secure habitation (of Jerus.), compare מְנוּחוֹת שׁ׳ Isaiah 32:18 (‖ מִבְטַחִים).

as noun, one at ease, free from misfortune, Job 12:5.

at ease, with collat. idea of careless, wanton, arrogant, Amos 6:1; Isaiah 32:9, Isaiah 32:11; Zechariah 1:15 Psalms 123:4.

as noun abstr. = arrogance: with suffix שַׁאֲנַנְךָ II Kings 19:28 (‖ הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ) = Isaiah 37:29, but < שְׁאוֹנְךָ thine uproar, Budde^{journal ZAW xii (1892), 36} Gratz Cheyne Marti Kittel (perhaps), Bur. compare שׁלאנן.

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שָׁאַר

verb remain, be left over (syn. יָתַר) (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Targum שְׁאַר; Sab. סאר remaining Hom^{Chr 124}; Arabic سَأَرَ, سَىِٔرَ be left over, Lane, compare Lagarde^{GGN 1889, 297}; Old Aramaic שאר remainder, Nab. שארית, see Lidzbarski³⁷¹ SAC¹¹⁰);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ I Samuel 16:11 the youngest still remains.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִשְׁאַר Genesis 47:18 +; 3rd feminine singular נִשְׁאֲרָה Joshua 13:1; Daniel 10:8, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשָּׁאֵר Isaiah 11:11, Isaiah 11:16, וַיִּשָּׁ֫אֶר Genesis 7:23, etc.; participle (בינוני) נִשְׁאָר Genesis 32:9 +, וְנֵאשֲׁאַר Ezekiel 9:8 (read וְנִשְׁאָר Hitzig Toy Krae, וָאֶשָּׁ֫אֶר Smend; del. Septuagint Hitzig Co Siegf Berthol); f. נִשְׁאָרָה II Kings 19:30 = Isaiah 37:31, נִשְׁאֶ֫רֶת Exodus 10:5; II Chronicles 30:6, נִשְׁאָ֑רֶת Joshua 13:2, etc.;—

be left over (sometimes ‖ נוֹתַר) Exodus 8:27; Exodus 10:19; Exodus 14:28 (all J), Joshua 11:22, Judges 7:3 II Samuel 14:7 +; in restrictive cl. לֹא נ׳ זוּלַת II Kings 24:14 there were left only, etc., לֹא נ׳ לִפְנֵי אֲדֹנִי בִּלְתִּי אִם וגו׳ Genesis 47:18; followed by direct object adverb (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 118 q), or appos., Deuteronomy 4:27; Ezra 9:15; compare נ׳ בִּמְתֵי מְעָ֑ט Deuteronomy 28:62 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 119 i); sometimes c. ב location Exodus 8:5, Exodus 8:7, Jeremiah 38:22 +; c. אֵת (preposition location) †Joshua 23:7, Joshua 23:12; c. מִן = be left from (of) †Exodus 10:5, Deuteronomy 3:11; Joshua 13:12, Isaiah 11:11, Isaiah 11:16; Jeremiah 8:3 (pt.; v b del. הַנּי Septuagint Peshitta Hitzig Gf Gie Co), Nehemiah 1:2, Nehemiah 1:3, נ׳ מְעַט מֵהַרְבֵּה Jeremiah 42:2; c. לְ to or for, †II Kings 10:11, II Kings 10:17 (pt.), Zechariah 9:7; II Chronicles 21:17, הַנּ׳ לָכֶם מִן־הַבָּרָד Exodus 10:5, compare II Chronicles 30:6 and (ב location for ל) Jeremiah 21:7; c. בְּ, in, among, of, †I Samuel 11:11; Isaiah 17:6; Jeremiah 34:7; Jeremiah 37:10; Leviticus 26:36, Leviticus 26:39 (H; pt.), Leviticus 25:52 (P; of years), even הַנּ׳ בַּדָּם Leviticus 5:9 the rest of the blood; c. עַל †I Samuel 5:4; c. inf. נ׳ לְרִשְׁתָּהּ †Joshua 13:1; = be left alive, survive, †Genesis 7:23, Ezekiel 9:8 (but on text see above); הַנּ׳ = the survivors, †Genesis 14:10; I Samuel 11:11; Ezekiel 17:21; pt. as term. techn. = the (purified) remainder, remnant (compare שְׁאָר, שְׁאֵרִית) Isaiah 4:3 (ב location; ‖ הַנּוֹתָר), II Chronicles 34:21 (ב location).—הַנּ׳ I Samuel 9:24 is doubtful; what is left over, in polite depreciation, Budde; read הַשְּׁאֵר HPS.

be left behind, Exodus 10:26, Numbers 11:26; c. לְבַדּוֹ Genesis 42:38, compare Isaiah 49:21 Daniel 10:8; of widow Ruth 1:3, †מִן of the dead v Ruth 1:5.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִשְׁאִיר Exodus 10:12 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַשְׁאִיר Deuteronomy 28:51, 1st plural נַשְׁאֵר I Samuel 14:36 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 48 g; 109 d Konig^{p. 466 f.}), etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct הַשְׁאִיר Ezra 9:8, see also below;—

leave over, spare, with a direct object Exodus 10:12, II Kings 25:22; Jeremiah 49:9 = Obadiah 1:5, Joshua 11:14, Judges 6:4; אֶסְלַח לַאֲשֶׁר אַשׁ׳ Jeremiah 50:20; especially לֹא הִשׁ׳ שָׂרִיד leave no survivor, Joshua 10:28, compare v Joshua 10:30, Joshua 10:37, Joshua 10:39, Joshua 10:40 (all D), so עַד־בִּלְתִּי הִשׁ׳ שׂ׳ (sometimes c. ל person) Numbers 21:35 = Deuteronomy 3:3, compare Deuteronomy 2:34; Joshua 8:22; Joshua 11:8 (both JE), Joshua 10:33, II Kings 10:11, and מִבְּלִי הִשׁ׳ לוֹ כֹּ֑ל Deuteronomy 28:55 (in all these read infinitive (מקור) construct הַשׁ׳ see Driver Deuteronomy 3:3; Deuteronomy 7:24); c. ב, among, of, I Samuel 14:36, ב location I Kings 19:18; Zephaniah 3:12 (in both of preserving a pious remnant, compare שְׁאָר, שְׁאֵרִית), also II Kings 3:25 (Bur reads בָּנֶיהָ for אֲבָנֶיהָ, Kittel אֲנָשִׁים, compare Klostermann Benz); c. לְ person Deuteronomy 28:51; I Kings 15:29; I Kings 16:11; II Kings 13:7; Ezra 9:8; c. מִן, from, of, II Kings 10:14, מִן particle I Samuel 25:22; II Kings 25:12 = Jeremiah 52:16; Jeremiah 39:10.

leave or keep over (מִן particle) till morning Numbers 9:12.

תַּשׁ׳ מֵאָה Amos 5:3 the city shall have 100 left, compare v Amos 5:3.

leave as a gift, וְהִשׁ׳ אַחֲרָיו בְּרָכָה Joel 2:14.—Wellhausen Nowack read וַיַּשְׁאֵר Malachi 2:15, see שְׁאָר.

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שְׁאָר

noun (masc.) ^{Isaiah 16:14} rest, residue, remnant (= יֶתֶר, especially Is. and late; on form Konig^{ii. 1, 141} Noldeke^{Beitr. z. Sem. W. 30});—שׁ׳ absolute Isaiah 14:22 +, construct Isaiah 10:19 +;—rest, residue, remainder, of trees Isaiah 10:19, silver II Chronicles 24:14, city I Chronicles 11:8, territory Esther 9:12; שׁ׳ דִּבְרֵי שְׁלֹמהֹ II Chronicles 9:29 (יֶתֶר in ‖ I Kings 11:41, and usually in like phrase, see p. 451 f.); of men I Chronicles 16:41; Ezra 3:8; Ezra 4:3, Ezra 4:7; Nehemiah 10:29; Nehemiah 11:1, Nehemiah 11:20; Esther 9:16; of Moab Isaiah 16:14; Aram Isaiah 17:3 (= last remnant), archers of Kedar Isaiah 21:17; = posterity, שֵׁם וּשׁ׳ וְנִין וָנֶכֶד Isaiah 14:22 (of Babylon); שׁ׳ הַבַּעַל Zephaniah 1:4, that is Baal, to the last remnant, vestige (so Wellhausen al.; Septuagint שֵׁם, compare Schwally Nowack GASm); term. techn. = purified remnant of Israel (Gie^{Beiträge 37 f.}) Isaiah 10:20 (‖ פְּלֵיטָה), v Isaiah 10:21^(×2), Isaiah 10:22; Isaiah 11:11, Isaiah 11:16; Isaiah 28:5.—וּשׁ׳ רוּחַ לוֹ Malachi 2:15 is obscure; read וַיַּשְׁאֵר ר׳ לָנוּ Wellhausen Nowack, compare GASm.

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שְׁאֵרִית

noun (fem.) rest, residue, remnant, remainder (= שָׁאָר);—שׁ׳ absolute II Samuel 14:7 +, construct Ezekiel 36:3 +, שֵׁרִית (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 23 f) I Chronicles 12:39 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:38); with suffix שְׁאֵרִיתֵךְ Isaiah 14:30; Ezekiel 5:10, -תוֹ Isaiah 44:17, -תָם Jeremiah 15:9;—

rest, what is left, of wood Isaiah 44:17, land Isaiah 15:9 (‖ פְּלֵיטָה), Jeremiah 47:4, Jeremiah 47:5; Ezekiel 25:16; שׁ׳ חֵמֹת Psalms 76:11 is difficult (Gratz [compare Cheyne] proposes חֲמָת Hamath, Duhm אֻמֹּת tribes); rest of princes Jeremiah 39:3, of nations (= the other nations, Toy) Ezekiel 36:3, Ezekiel 36:4, Ezekiel 36:5; of Israel I Chronicles 12:39 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:38), II Chronicles 34:9; Nehemiah 7:70 (van d. H. v Nehemiah 7:71); = last remnant of people, Philistines Amos 1:8 (compare Wellhausen), Isaiah 14:30, Edom Amos 9:12, Anathoth Jeremiah 11:23, Ashdod Jeremiah 25:20, Babylon Jeremiah 50:26, Amalek I Chronicles 4:43 (+ הַפְּלֵיטָה), Isr. II Kings 21:14; Jeremiah 6:9; Jeremiah 15:9; remnant left after catastrophe Amos 5:15; Jeremiah 8:3; Jeremiah 24:8; Jeremiah 40:11, Jeremiah 40:15; Jeremiah 41:10, Jeremiah 41:16; Jeremiah 42:2, Jeremiah 42:15, Jeremiah 42:19; Jeremiah 43:5; Jeremiah 44:12, Jeremiah 44:14, Jeremiah 44:28; Ezekiel 5:10; Ezekiel 9:8; Ezekiel 11:13; Haggai 1:12, Haggai 1:14; Haggai 2:2; even וְשַׂמְתִּי אֶת־הַצֹּלֵעָה לִשׁ׳ Micah 4:7 (as promise, ‖ גּוֹי עָצוּם, compare Gie^{Beiträge, 42 f.}); = survivors Jeremiah 44:7, הַשּׁ׳ מִן־הַחֶרֶב II Chronicles 36:20; = faithful remnant of Israel or Judah (term. techn. of proph., compare שְׁאָר ad fin.), II Kings 19:4 = Isaiah 37:4; II Kings 19:31 (‖ פְּלֵיטָה) = Isaiah 37:32 (‖ the same), Micah 2:12; Micah 5:6, Micah 5:7; Micah 7:18; Ezra 9:14 (‖ the same), Isaiah 46:3; Jeremiah 23:3; Jeremiah 31:7; Zephaniah 2:7, Zephaniah 2:9 (‖ יֶתֶר), Zephaniah 3:13; Zechariah 8:6, Zechariah 8:11, Zechariah 8:12.

remainder = descendants (= שְׁאָר Isaiah 14:22): Genesis 45:7, שֵׁם וּשׁ׳ II Samuel 14:7.

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שׁאר

(√ of following; compare Assyrian šêru, Pun. שאד, flesh, Arabic ثَأْرٌ blood revenge, so Sab. תֿאר, Sab.Denkm.^{Noldeke. 5, l.7}; perhaps orig. blood (compare Jeremiah 51:35), Noldeke^{ZMG xi (1886), 723} and Id.^{M 101}, who cp. Mand. תירתא = ܬܻܐܪܳܬܐ conscience, mind, etc., perhaps proposes midriff, compare Hoffmann^below).

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שְׁאֵר

noun (masc.) ^{Psalms 73:26} flesh (perhaps orig. the inner flesh, full of blood, next the bones, compare Hoffmann^{journal ZAW iii (1883), 107}, and בָּשָׂר = (orig.) flesh next the skin);—שׁ׳ absolute Psalms 78:20, Psalms 78:27, construct Micah 3:3 +, with suffix שְׁאֵרִי Jeremiah 51:35 Psalms 73:26, etc.;—

flesh:

as food, Exodus 21:10 (HPS also I Samuel 9:24, for הַנִּשְׁאָר), Psalms 78:20 (‖ לֶחֶם), v Psalms 78:27 (‖ עוֹף בָּנָף); figuratively Micah 3:2 (‖ עוֹר), v Micah 3:3 (‖ the same), Jeremiah 51:35 (‖ דָּם).

figuratively for physical power Psalms 73:26 (+ לֵבָב), Proverbs 5:11 (+ בָּשָׂר).

in HP = flesh- (= blood-) relation (that is one near of kin): שְׁאֵר אָבִיךָ Leviticus 18:12, compare v Leviticus 18:13; Leviticus 20:19, also Leviticus 18:17 (read שְׁאֵרְךָ for שַׁאֲרָה, Septuagint Ewald Driver-Wh; compare Dillmann Baen); + הַקָּרֹב אֵלָיו Leviticus 21:2 Numbers 27:11; שׁ׳ בְּשָׂרוֹ Leviticus 18:6; Leviticus 25:49.

= self, Proverbs 11:17 (‖ נֶפֶשׁ).

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שַׁאֲרָה

Leviticus 18:17 see שְׁאֵר 2.

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שֶׁאֱרָה

n.pr.f. ‘daughter’ of Ephraim;—בִּתּוֹ שׁ׳ I Chronicles 7:24 (see also n.pr.location אֻזֵּן שׁ׳ p. 25a above); Septuagint^b ἐκείνοις τ. καταλοίποις, but SeptuagintL (compare Septuagint^a) ἡ θυγάτηρ αὐτοῦ Σαραα.

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שֵׁאת²

see שׁאה.

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שְׁבָא

n.pr.gent. et terr. Sh^ebâ, in SW. Arabia (Sab. סבא DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 9}, סבא verb = make campaign Mordt^{HI 72} or expedition Sab.Denkm.^{Noldeke. 12, 1, 5, 14}; compare DSMargoliouth^{HastDB sheba} F.B.^{Ency. Bib. sheba} and reff.);—Sheba: מַלְכַּת־שׁ׳ I Kings 10:1, I Kings 10:4, I Kings 10:10, I Kings 10:13 = II Chronicles 9:1, II Chronicles 9:3, II Chronicles 9:9, II Chronicles 9:12; מַלְכֵי שׁ׳ Psalms 72:10; famous for trade, רֹכְלֵי שׁ׳ Ezekiel 27:22, Ezekiel 27:23, הֲלִיכֹת שׁ׳ Job 6:19 (‖ תֵּמָא); yielding costly wares Ezekiel 38:13, זְהַב שׁ׳ Psalms 72:15, לְבוֹנָה מִשּׁ׳ Jeremiah 6:20 (‖ מֵאֶרֶץ מֶרְחָק, compare following), paying homage and tribute to Israel in future Isaiah 60:6; descended from (Yoḳtan and) Shem Genesis 10:28 = I Chronicles 1:22, from (Yoḳshan and) Abr. and Ḳeṭûrâh Genesis 25:3 = I Chronicles 1:32 (that is a northern branch of Sheba, + דְּדָן, q.see), but from כּוּשׁ Genesis 10:7 = I Chronicles 1:9; marauders, N. Arabia, Job 1:15.

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שְׁבָבִים

n.[m.]plural probably splinters;—שׁ׳ יִהְיֶה עֵגֶל שֹׁמְרוֹן Hosea 8:6 (compare Wellhausen; Vrss appar. conjecture).

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שָׁבִיב

noun (masc.) probably flame (Biblical Aramaic שְׁבִיב);—construct וְלֹא יִגַּהּ שְׁבִיב אִשּׁוֹ Job 18:5 (‖ אוֹר); so Ecclus Ben Sira 8:10; Ben Sira 45:19.

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שָׁבָה

verb take captive (Mishnaic Hebrew, Old Aramaic the same; Arabic سَبَا (سبى); Aramaic שְׁבָא ܫܒܳܐ );—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Jeremiah 41:14; with suffix וְשָׁבָם (consec.) Jeremiah 43:12 (but read וְשָׁבָה Gie; Duhm conjunction וְשָֽׁמְמוּ); 2nd masculine singular שָׁבִיתָ II Kings 6:22 Psalms 68:19, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיִּשְׁבְּ Numbers 21:1 Jeremiah 41:10, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. וּשְׁבֵה Judges 5:12; infinitive (מקור) construct שְׁבוֹת Obadiah 1:11; participle (בינוני) active plural שֹׁבִים Isaiah 14:2, etc.; passive mpl. שְׁבוּיִם Isaiah 61:1, fpl. construct שְׁבֻיוֹת Genesis 31:26;—take captive:

with a direct object person, Numbers 24:22, I Samuel 30:2; II Kings 5:2; II Kings 6:22 (+ ב instr.) Jeremiah 41:10^(×2) (but v Jeremiah 41:10 Gie reads וַיַּשְׁכֵּם, compare Septuagint Luc), v Jeremiah 41:14, Genesis 34:29, II Chronicles 28:8 (+ מִן particle), + 6 times; + Jeremiah 43:12 appar. with a direct object idols (but see supra; direct object of land Gie).

direct object חֵילוֹ Obadiah 1:11, הָֽרְכוּשׁ II Chronicles 21:17, cattle, etc., I Chronicles 5:21; II Chronicles 14:14.

pt. in periphrast. conjug. (לְשֹׁבֵיהֶם) וְהָיוּ שֹׁבִים Isaiah 14:2; pt. c. with suffix = their captives, etc., I Kings 8:46 = II Chronicles 6:36; Isaiah 14:2; Jeremiah 50:33, + 5 times; pt. passive Isaiah 61:1 = captives; כִּשְׁבֻיוֹת חָ֑רֶב Genesis 31:26 my daughters as captives of the sword.

with a direct object cogn. שְׁבִי Judges 5:12 lead captive thy captives, compare Psalms 68:19 II Chronicles 28:17, so (+ מִן person) Numbers 21:1, and (direct object שִׁבְיָה) II Chronicles 28:5, II Chronicles 28:11; שׁ׳ שִׁבְיוֹ Deuteronomy 21:10 = take him captive.

be taken captive: past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִשְׁבָּה, of man Genesis 14:14, of beast Exodus 22:9, of עֵדֶר י׳ Jeremiah 13:17; 3rd plural נִשְׁבּוּ, human subj. I Samuel 30:3, I Samuel 30:5; I Kings 8:47 = II Chronicles 6:37; Ezekiel 6:9.

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שְׁבִי

noun (masc.) Isaiah 49:24 captivity, captives (coll.);—שׁ׳ absolute Exodus 12:29 +, construct Ezra 2:1 +; שֶׁ֑בִי Numbers 21:1 +; with suffix שֶׁבְיְךָ Judges 5:12, שִׁבְיוֹ Deuteronomy 21:10, שְׁבִיכֶם Numbers 31:19, etc.;—

= state of captivity, הָלַךְ בַּשְּׁ׳ Amos 9:4; Deuteronomy 28:41; Nahum 3:10; Jeremiah 20:6; Jeremiah 22:22; Jeremiah 30:16 Ezekiel 12:11 (+ בַּגּוֹלָה), Ezekiel 30:17, Ezekiel 30:18; Isaiah 46:2; Lamentations 1:18, = הָלַךְ שְׁבִי v Lamentations 1:5; בַּשְּׁבִי יָבִא Daniel 11:8; נָתַן בַּשְּׁ׳ Ezra 9:7, נָתַן לַשְּׁ׳ Psalms 78:61, לֻקַּח בַּשֶּׁ֑בִי Jeremiah 48:46; וַאֲשֶׁר לַשְּׁבִי לַשֶּׁ֑בִי Jeremiah 15:2; Jeremiah 43:11, וְנָשֵׁינוּ בַּשְּׁ׳ II Chronicles 29:9; בִּשְׁבִי instr. of judgment Daniel 11:33; אֶרֶץ שׁ׳ Jeremiah 30:10; 46:27;Jeremiah 30:16 II Chronicles 6:37, II Chronicles 6:38; phr. of deliverance (only Ezr Ne): נִשְׁאֲרוּ מִן־הַשְּׁ׳ Nehemiah 1:2, compare v Nehemiah 1:3, הַשָּׁבִים מִן־הַשְּׁ׳ Nehemiah 8:17, הָעֹלִים מִשְּׁבִי הַגּוֹלָה Ezra 2:1 = Nehemiah 7:6, הַבָּאִים מֵהַשְּׁ׳ Ezra 3:8; Ezra 8:35.

act of capture, עִם שׁ׳ סוּסֵיכֶם Amos 4:10 שִׂמְלַת שִׁבְיָהּ Deuteronomy 21:13 that is garb in which she was captured (> others captivity in both: Amos 4:10 = your captive horses; Deuteronomy 21:13 her captive’s garb).

= captives (coll.): Exodus 12:29, Numbers 31:12, Numbers 31:19, Numbers 31:26 (man and beast), Isaiah 20:4 (‖ גָּלוּת), Isaiah 49:24, Isaiah 49:25 Habakkuk 1:9 + Ezekiel 32:9 Septuagint al. (see שֶׁבֶר ad fin.); appar. fs. Isaiah 52:2 (but see שָׁבִי); object of שָׁבָה (q.see) Judges 5:12 (> שֹׁבֶיךָ Peshitta JDMich Wellhausen Budde Nowack), Numbers 21:1, Deuteronomy 21:10 Psalms 68:19; II Chronicles 28:17.

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שִׁבְיָה

noun (fem.) captivity, captives (coll.), compare שְׁבִי;—always absolute שׁ׳;—

state of captivity, Jeremiah 48:46 (of בָּנוֹת, ‖ שְׁבִי of בָּנִים); אֶרֶץ שׁ׳ Nehemiah 3:36.

body of captives, Deuteronomy 21:11; Deuteronomy 32:42 (‖ חָלָל), II Chronicles 28:13, II Chronicles 28:14, II Chronicles 28:15; object of שָׁבָה, v ⁵ (שׁ׳ גדולה), הָשִׁיבוּ הַשּׁ׳ אֲשֶׁר שְׁבִיתֶם v ¹¹.

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שְׁבִית

noun (fem.) the same (√ שׁבה Septuagint Gesenius' Thesaurus Siegfried-Stade Preusschen^{journal ZAW xv (1895), 1 ff.} Krae Ezekiel 16:53; > √ שׁוב Ewald^{JBW v (1852–3), 216 f.; § 165 b} Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § ^{412, 417} Böttcher's Hebrew Grammar § 464 Kue ^{TTijdschr. vii. 519 ff.} Oort^{Ib. xiv. 157} Schwally^{journal ZAW viii (1888), 200} al.; Konig^{ii. 1, 166 f., 474; ii. 2. § 329 i} thinks deriv. of שׁבה and שׁוב are confused, compare Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 166 b);—absolute שְׁבִית Numbers 21:29; construct שְׁבוּת Hosea 6:11 +, with suffix שְׁבוּתְךָ Deuteronomy 30:3, שְׁבִיתְהֶן Ezekiel 16:53 (see below), שְׁבוּתֵיכֶם Zephaniah 3:20 (read -תְכֶם Nowack GASm), etc. [Masoretic Text has שְׁבוּת, etc. 16 times, + Kt (שְׁבִית Qr) Zephaniah 2:7 Psalms 85:2; Psalms 126:4 + Ezekiel 16:53 (Gi, but Baer שְׁבִיתְהֶן Kt et Qr, see his note), + Qr (Kt שׁבית) Jeremiah 29:14; Jeremiah 49:39; Ezekiel 16:53 b, c + v d (but < read וְשַׁבְתִּ֫י for וּשְׁב֯יו Vrss Comm.), Lamentations 2:14; Job 42:10; שְׁבִית Kt et Qr Numbers 21:29, שְׁבִיתַיִךְ Ezekiel 16:53 (but Co Krae שְׁבוּתֵךְ); שְׁבִית probably earlier Ewald's Hebrew Grammar §; ^{186 b} al. Psalms 126:1 read probably שְׁבִית for שִׁיבַת];—

in cl. נָתַן בַּשִּׁבִית Numbers 21:29 give his daughters into captivity (or as captives, ‖ פְּלֵיטִם of sons, compare Jeremiah 48:46); compare (perhaps) Lamentations 1:7 (see [מִשְׁבָּת] sub שׁבת).

in phr. restore the captivity of, direct object after שׁוּב, הֵשִׁיב, י׳ subj. [verb Qal Deuteronomy 30:3 + 15 times, + Ezekiel 16:53 Psalms 126:1 (see above); Hiph. Jeremiah 32:44 + 5 times, + Qal Kt, Hiph. Qr, Jeremiah 33:26 + 2 times]:

of Isr. (or Judah) Hosea 6:11 (Septuagint joins to Hosea 7:1, so as gloss, Wellhausen Nowack), Zephaniah 2:7; Zephaniah 3:20; Deuteronomy 30:3; Jeremiah 29:14; Jeremiah 30:3, Jeremiah 30:18 (שׁ׳ אָהֳלֵי יַעֲקֹב), Jeremiah 31:23; Jeremiah 32:44; Jeremiah 33:7^(×2), Jeremiah 33:11 (שׁ׳ הָאָרֶץ), v Jeremiah 33:26 Lamentations 2:14 (subj. proph.), Ezekiel 16:53 a, c, d (on text see above), Ezekiel 39:25 Amos 9:14; Joel 4:1 Psalms 14:7 = Psalms 53:7, Psalms 85:2; Psalms 126:1 (see above), v Psalms 126:4.

of other nations Jeremiah 48:47 (compare v Jeremiah 48:46), Jeremiah 49:6, Jeremiah 49:39; Ezekiel 29:14 (compare v Ezekiel 29:13).

appar. in more generally sense, restore fortunes of Sodom Ezekiel 16:53 b (Krae, compare following).

restore fortunes of individuals, Job 42:10.

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שְׁבוֹ

n.[f.] a precious stone (relation to above √ doubtful; = Assyrian šubû; Septuagint Vulgate agate);—Exodus 28:19 = Exodus 39:12 (+ לֶשֶׁם, אַחְלָ֑מָה).

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שְׁבוּאֵל

n.pr.m. son of Gershom I Chronicles 23:16; I Chronicles 26:24 (שְׁבֻ׳), = שׁוּבָאֵל I Chronicles 24:20^(×2), of Herman I Chronicles 25:4 = שׁוּבָאֵל v I Chronicles 25:20 (compare Benz on these lists).—Septuagint in all usually Σουβαηλ, SeptuagintL usually —βιηλ.

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שָׁבַח

verb Pi. soothe, still (Arabic سَبَخَ be free from care, etc., Jen^{ZA i (1886), 188; iv (1889), 268}, cp. Assyrian pašâḫu, grow calm, so Barth^{ES 9} Schulthess^Lex.);—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix יְשַׁבְּחֶ֑נָּה Proverbs 29:11 he stilleth it, that is רוּחוֹ his temper (Bi Toy read חָשַׁךְ אַפּוֹ); 2nd masculine singular with suffix תְּשַׁבְּחֵם Psalms 89:10 thou stillest them, that is waves (‖ גֵּאוּת הַיָּם).

participle (בינוני) probably Mass error for Pi. מְשַׁבֵּחַ) מַשְׁבִּיחַ שְׁאוֹן יַמּים Psalms 65:8 stilling the roar of the seas.

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שָׁבַח²

verb

laud, praise (late Aramaism, compare Aramaic (incl. Old Aramaic) שׁבח, ܫܒܚ, Pa. praise; see Schwally^{Idiot. 91} Schulthess^Lex.);—

laud, praise God (י׳): future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural with suffix יְשַׁבְּח֑וּנְךָ Psalms 63:4 (‖ בֵּרַךְ); imperative (ציווי) fs. שַׁבְּחִי Psalms 147:12, mpl. with suffix שַׁבְּח֫וּהוּ Psalms 117:1 (both ‖ הִלֵּל); his works, future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְשַׁבַּח Psalms 145:4 (‖ הִגִּיד).

commend, congratulate, the dead, infinitive (מקור) absolute שַׁבֵּחַ Ecclesiastes 4:2 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 113 gg; c. מִן comp.); mirth, as best thing, past (עבר) 1st singular שִׁבַּחְתִּי Ecclesiastes 8:15.

boast of (בְּ): infinitive (מקור) construct הִשְׁתַּבֵּחַ Psalms 106:47 = I Chronicles 16:35, Septuagint (ἐλ)καυχᾶσθαι ἐν.

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שֵׁ֫בֶט

noun (masc.) ^{Numbers 24:17} (f. Ezekiel 21:15, Ezekiel 21:18 but corrupt): 1. rod, staff, club, sceptre. 2. tribe;—שׁ׳ absolute Genesis 49:10 +, construct I Samuel 10:20 +; שָׁ֑בֶט Deuteronomy 1:23 +; with suffix שִׁבְטוֹ Judges 21:24 +, etc.; plural שְׁבָטִים I Kings 11:31 +, construct שִׁבְטֵי Genesis 49:16 +, with suffix שְׁבָטֶיךָ Deuteronomy 12:14 +, etc.;—

rod, staff (evidently common article), for smiting (especially הִכָּה בַשּׁ׳) Exodus 21:20, Micah 4:14; Isaiah 10:15 (in sim.; ‖ מַטֶּה), Proverbs 10:13 +; שׁ׳ מוּסָר Proverbs 22:15, compare Proverbs 29:15; for beating (חָבַט) cummin Isaiah 28:27 (‖ מַטֶּה); as (inferior) weapon (opposite חֲנִית II Samuel 23:21 = I Chronicles 11:23 (compare מַקֵּל I Samuel 17:40, I Samuel 17:43); figuratively of י׳’s chastisement: national Isaiah 10:24; Isaiah 30:31 (both ‖ מַטֶּה), Isaiah 14:29, שׁ׳ אַפִּי Isaiah 10:5, שׁ׳ עֶבְרָתוֹ Lamentations 3:1; individual Job 9:34; Job 21:9 (שׁ׳ אֱלוֹהַּ), Job 37:13, II Samuel 7:14 (שׁ׳ אֲנָשִׁים, that is not in-human), Psalms 89:33 (both ‖ נְנָעִים).

shaft, that is spear, dart, II Samuel 18:14, but < read שְׁלָתִים, Septuagint βέλη, Th Wellhausen Kittel HPS Budde.

shepherd’s implement, club, Psalms 23:4 (‖ מִשְׁעֶנֶת), רֶעֵה בְשׁ׳ Micah 7:14 (both figuratively of י׳); used in mustering or counting sheep Ezekiel 20:37 (figuratively), Leviticus 27:32 (compare Jeremiah 33:13), see Mackie^{Hast.DB rod}.

truncheon, sceptre, mark of authority, שׁ׳ סֹפֵר Judges 5:14, שׁ׳ מֹשְׁלִים Isaiah 14:5 (‖ מַטֶּה), Genesis 49:10 (poem in J; ‖ מְחֹקֵק), Zechariah 10:11 Psalms 45:7^(×2) Ezekiel 19:11, Ezekiel 19:14 (made from a branch, מַטֶּה); a ruler is תּוֹמֵךְ שׁ׳ Amos 1:5, Amos 1:8; as symbol of conquest Numbers 24:17; שׁ׳ בַּרְזֶל Psalms 2:9 (of Mess. king); שׁ׳ הָרֶשַׁע Psalms 125:3; שׁ׳ עֶבְרָתוֹ Proverbs 22:8 (si vera l., compare Frankenb. Toy).—Vid. מַטֶּה, מַקֵּל, מִשְׁעֶנֶת.

tribe (syn. מַטֶּה q.see 3, p. 641b), especially

of (12) tribes of Israel, Genesis 49:16, Genesis 49:28 (poem in J), Deuteronomy 33:5 (poem), Exodus 24:4, + often [JE 13 times, D 28 times (מַטֶּה not JED), P 9 times (compare Gray Numbers 4:18; מ׳ 150 times + in P); Ju 15 times (never מ׳) S 14 times (never מ׳), K 13 times (מ׳ 2 times), Chr 15 times (מ׳ 23 times), ψψ 7 times (never מ׳), proph. 16 times (מ׳ †Habakkuk 3:9, very doubtful)]; Judges 20:12; I Samuel 9:21 read שֵׁבֶט (or שִׁבְטִי Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 90 1, Wellhausen Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 343 e Driver, for שִׁבְטֵי), Vrss (GFM Ju); שִׁבְטֵי־יָהּ Psalms 122:4; שִׁבְטֵי נַחֲלָתֶ֑ךָ Isaiah 63:17.

singular of people (of Judah, late) Psalms 74:2, but Jeremiah 10:16 = Jeremiah 51:9 del. שׁ׳ נ׳ Gf Gie Duhm

of subdivision of tribe, שׁ׳ מִשְׁפְּחוֹת וגו׳ Numbers 4:18.—II Samuel 7:7 read שֹׁפְטֵי (compare v II Samuel 7:11, ‖ I Chronicles 17:6, Ewald Th Wellhausen Driver HPS Budde al.).

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שַׁרְבִֿיט

noun (masc.) sceptre (expanded from foregoing, Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 85 w);—only Est: absolute הַשּׁ׳ I Chronicles 5:2; construct שׁ׳ הַוָּהָב I Chronicles 4:11; I Chronicles 5:2; שַׁרְבִט הַוּ׳ I Chronicles 8:4.

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שְׁבָט

n.pr. mens. Sh^ebāṭ, 11th month (post-ex.) = Feb.–March; loan-word from Bab. Šabâṭu (COT Nehemiah 1^(×2) Delitzsch^WB), Zechariah 1:7 (der. from šabâṭu, strike, kill, destroy (DlProl^{. 38; WB}), Lyon ^{Bib. Sacr. Apr. 1884, 384} Jen^{ZA iv (1889), 273} Muss-Arn^{JBL xi (1892), 171 f.} al., as month of destroying rain; another conjecture in Zim^{Schrader's Keilinschriften 3. 594 n.}; this month called שבט also in Nab. Palmyrene, see Lidzbarski SAC ¹¹¹).

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שְׁבִי²

see שׁכה.

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שֹׁ֫בֶל

n.[m.] flowing skirt, train;—absolute חֶשְׂפִּי־שׁ׳ Isaiah 47:2 strip off (thy) train.

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שִׁבֹּ֫לֶת

noun (fem.) flowing stream;—שׁ׳ absolute Psalms 69:3, as test of dialect Judges 12:6 (cf; סִבֹּלֶת and GFM); construct שׁ׳ מַיִם Psalms 69:16, שׁ׳ הַנָּהָר Isaiah 27:12.

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שׁוֹבָל

n.pr.m.

Edomite name Genesis 36:20, Genesis 36:23, Genesis 36:29 = I Chronicles 1:38, I Chronicles 1:40.

in Caleb I Chronicles 2:50, I Chronicles 2:52.

in Judah I Chronicles 4:1, I Chronicles 4:2.—Σαβα(λ), Σουβαλ.

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שַׁבְּלוּל²

see בלל.

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שֶׁבְנָא

n.pr.m. secretary and major-domo of Hezekiah; -נָא Isaiah 22:15, Isaiah 36:22; Isaiah 37:2 = II Kings 18:37; II Kings 19:2; Isaiah 36:3, Isaiah 36:11 = -נָה II Kings 18:18, II Kings 18:26.—Σομνας.

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שֶׁ֫בַע

noun (masc.) et f. seven (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, MI¹⁶ שבעת; Assyrian sibi, sibittu (Delitzsch^{Gratz. § 65, 6}; s = שׁ), Arabic سَبْعٌ, سَبْعَةٌ Sab. סבע Hom^{Chr 47, 124}, Ethiopic ሰብዑ: ሰብዐቱ: Phoenician (Pun.) שבע, Nab. שבע, שבעה, Palmyrene שבעא, שבעה; Aramaic שִׁבְעָא,שְׁבַע, ܫܒܰܥ, ܫܰܒܥܳܐ; on etym. compare Lagarde^{BN 37 f.});—m. (c. noun (fem.)) absolute שֶׁבַע Genesis 41:2 + 115 times; construct שְׁבַע Genesis 5:26 + 47 times, especially P (15 times) and Chr (20 times), וּשֲׁבַע I Kings 14:21. f. (c. noun (masc.)) absolute שִׁבְעָה Genesis 4:24 + 100 times; construct שִׁבְעַת Genesis 7:10 + 120 times; with suffix שְׁבַעְתָּם II Samuel 21:9 Qr (so Vrss and mod.; see Driver; > Kt שִׁבְעָתַיִם);—seven:

without other num.:

שֶׁבַע, before n.fpl. Genesis 21:28, Judges 16:13; Isaiah 4:1 + 80 times, especially שׁ׳ שָׁנִים Genesis 29:18 + 32 times (but read שׁלוֹשׁ for שֶׁבַע II Samuel 24:13, compare v b, c, also Septuagint and ‖ I Chronicles 21:12; so Th Wellhausen Driver Budde HPS Nowack), שׁ׳ פְּעָמִים Genesis 33:3, Leviticus 4:6 + 17 times; שׁ׳ בָּאַמָּה רָחְבָּתּ I Kings 6:6; after noun Ezekiel 40:20, Ezekiel 40:26; n. om. Job 5:19; Proverbs 6:16, + (= שׁ׳ פְּעָמִים) Leviticus 26:18, Leviticus 26:21, Leviticus 26:24, Leviticus 26:28, Psalms 119:164 Proverbs 24:16.

שִׁבְעָה, before n.mpl. Numbers 23:1^(×3) + 40 times + Job 42:13 (read שׁ׳ for שִׁבְעָ֫נָה Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 97 c and most); + (distrib.) שׁ׳ וְשׁ׳ Zechariah 4:2; after n. Genesis 7:4, Exodus 25:37 + 12 times (P Ch Dn Pr); n. om. I Samuel 2:5 + 9 times, incl. שׁ׳ as ordinal, see below; but read שְׂבָכָה for שִׁבְעָה I Kings 7:17^(×2) Septuagint Th Kmp Klostermann Benz Kittel Bur; also שׁ׳ שׁ׳ distrib. = 7 each Genesis 7:2, Genesis 7:3; as pred. Genesis 46:25.

שִׁבְעַת, before n.plural Numbers 23:4, Numbers 8:2, Ezekiel 45:23^(×2); Job 2:13^(×2) + 97 times, incl. שׁ׳ יָמִים Genesis 8:10, + 88 times + Ezekiel 45:21 (read שִׁבְעַת for שְׁבֻעוֹת, Vrss and mod.).

= ordinal, שְׁנַת (הַ)שֶּׁבַע Deuteronomy 15:9; II Kings 12:2 + 3 times, בְּשִׁבְעָה לַחֹדֶשׁ Ezekiel 30:20, compare Ezekiel 45:20; לְשִׁבְעַת הַיָּמִים Genesis 7:10, I Chronicles 9:25.

שְׁבַע עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה 17 years Genesis 37:2 + 3 times + I Kings 14:21 (וּשְׁבַע וגו׳), also as ordin. בִּשְׁנַת שׁ׳ עֶשׂ׳ I Kings 22:52, בִּשְׁנַת שׁ׳ עֶשׂ׳ שָׁנָה II Kings 16:1.

שִׁבְעָה עֶשָׂר (sc. הַגּוֹרָל lot) I Chronicles 24:15; I Chronicles 25:24 (compare also, + other num., I Chronicles 7:11 Ezra 2:39 Nehemiah 7:41), + יוֹם 17th day Genesis 7:11; Genesis 8:4; unusual is שׁ׳ שְׁקָלִים וַעֲשָׂרָה הַכֶּסֶף Jeremiah 32:9 7 shekels and 10 the silver.

שְׁבַע מֵאוֹת = 700 Judges 8:26 + 39 times (but Nehemiah 7:67 om. Mass. Baer Gi q.see).

שִׁבְעָה אֶלֶף = 7000 I Kings 20:30 + 2 times; שִׁבְעַת אֲלָפִים = the same I Kings 20:15 + 15 times; 57,000 is 7 + 50 × 1000 Numbers 1:31; Numbers 2:8, Numbers 2:31.

שׁ׳ + other num.:

שׁ׳ follows 18 times: (1) n. s. after שׁ׳ Judges 8:14; also, (= ord. num.) Ezekiel 29:17 + 2 times, שְׁנַת שְׁלשִׁים וָשׁ׳ שָׁנָה II Kings 13:10, compare II Kings 15:1; (2) n.plural before other num. Ezra 8:35; Nehemiah 7:[Nehemiah 7:71], Nehemiah 7:70; (3) n. s. construct precedes בִּשְׁנַת עֶשְׂרִים רָשׁ׳ I Kings 16:10, I Kings 16:15 (ordin.); (4) n. after each num. Genesis 23:1; Genesis 25:17 (both P), etc.

שׁ׳ precedes 10 times (P and Est): (1) n. s. after other num. Genesis 8:14; Exodus 6:16, Exodus 6:20 + 3 times Est; (2) n. repeated Genesis 5:7; Genesis 11:21; Genesis 47:28, compare Genesis 5:25, Genesis 5:31

1000 + 17 Ezra 2:39 = Nehemiah 7:41.—שׁ׳ often c. sacred signif.: Genesis 21:28, Exodus 37:23 Leviticus 4:6, Leviticus 4:17; Leviticus 8:11; Leviticus 14:27 +; as round number Genesis 4:24 (song in J), Genesis 29:18; Genesis 31:23; Genesis 41:2 (all E), etc.; on bowing 7 times Genesis 33:3 (J; in great humility), compare Winckler^{TelAm. nos. 143, 230, 246} Ne^{Mar. 11 f.}; all these probably originating with week of seven days; compare especially Konig^{Hast.DB number, 562 f., 565}.

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שִׁבְעָה

noun (fem.) pr. putei, Genesis 26:33; Ὅρκος; (explanation of name בְּאֵר שֶׁבַע.)

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שִׁבְעִים

n.plural seventy (irreg. plural of שֶׁבַע Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 97 f. R. 1);—not decl.:—seventy (often as round no., compare Konig^{Hast.DB number, 563 a}):

without other no.:

before n. s. year Genesis 5:12 + 12 times, man Judges 9:2 Numbers 11:25 + 7 times, shekel Numbers 7:13 + 11 times, other n. 5 times

before n.plural kings Judges 1:7, sons Judges 8:30; Judges 9:24; II Kings 10:1, brothers Judges 9:56, asses Judges 12:14, palms Exodus 15:27; Numbers 33:9, males Ezra 8:7,Ezra 8:14.

after n. coll. (בָּקָר) II Chronicles 29:32, n.plural Daniel 9:24.

pred. Genesis 46:27.

n. om. Exodus 24:1, Exodus 24:9 (man), Numbers 7:85 (shekel), compare Judges 9:4

שׁ׳ אֶלֶף = 70,000 II Samuel 24:15 + 6 times.

+ other num.:

+ unit + n. s. Judges 8:14; n. om. 70 + 7 (times) Genesis 4:24, compare Ezra 2:40 = Nehemiah 7:42, so 2 + 70 Numbers 31:38; n.plural + 70 + 7 Ezra 8:35; Ezra 8:5 years + 70 year Genesis 12:4.

5 + 70 × 1000 (man) Esther 9:16, compare Numbers 2:4; Numbers 3:43; Numbers 26:32; 2 + 70 × 1000 Numbers 31:33 (בָּקָר precedes); 70 man, 50 × 1000 man I Samuel 6:19; I Samuel 6:7 + 70 year + 7 × 100 year Genesis 5:31; n. om. 3 + 70 + 200 Numbers 3:46.

70 following hundreds: 70 year + 5 years Genesis 25:7, and (n. om.) 70 + 2 Ezra 2:3, Ezra 2:4 = Nehemiah 7:8, Nehemiah 7:9, Nehemiah 11:19; + 3 Ezra 2:36 Nehemiah 7:38; Nehemiah 7:5 + 70 Ezra 2:5.

1000 + 7 × 100 + 5 + 70 shekel Exodus 38:25 and (n. om.) v Exodus 38:28.

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שְׁבִיעִי

m. שְׁבִיעִית f.₉₇ adjective num. ord. seventh;—m. שְׁבִיעִי Genesis 2:2 +, שְׁבִעִי Exodus 12:15 +; f. שְׁבִיעִית Joshua 6:16 +, -עִת Exodus 23:11 +, שְׁבִעִת Exodus 21:2, -עִית I Kings 18:44; II Chronicles 23:1;—seventh, especially P; always c. art.:

m. 7th day Genesis 2:3 + 47 times; month (חֹדֶשׁ) Genesis 8:4 + 23 times + (n. om.) Ezekiel 45:25 + 3 times; lot (הַגּוֹרָל) Joshua 19:40 + (n. om.) I Chronicles 24:10; I Chronicles 25:14; n. om. also I Chronicles 2:15; I Chronicles 26:3, I Chronicles 26:5 (son), I Chronicles 12:11 (man), I Chronicles 27:10 (captain).

f. 7th year, II Kings 11:4 + 7 times + (n. om.) Exodus 21:2; Exodus 23:11, also שְׁנַת הַשְּׁבִיעִית (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 134 p) Ezra 7:8; sabbath Leviticus 23:16; time (פַּעַם) Joshua 6:16 + (n. om.) I Kings 18:44.

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שִׁבְעָתַ֫יִם

noun (fem.) dual seven-fold, seven times (compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) §§ 97 h, 134 r);—

2, Isaiah 30:26; Proverbs 6:31; as adverb Genesis 4:15, Genesis 4:24 Psalms 79:12.

seven times, adverb Psalms 12:7.—II Samuel 21:9 read Qr שְׁבַעְתָּם see i. שֶׁבַע.

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שָׁבוּעַ

noun (masc.) ^{Daniel 9:27} period of seven (days, years), heptad, week (on format. see Lagarde^{BN 67});—absolute שׁ׳ Daniel 9:27^(×2); construct שְׁבֻעַ Genesis 29:27, Genesis 29:28; dual שְׁבֻעַיִם Leviticus 12:5; plural שָֽׁבֻע(וֹ)ת Exodus 34:22 + 4 times Dt + (in term. techn.) II Chronicles 8:13; late שָֽׁבֻעִים Daniel 9:24 + 4 times Dn; construct שְׁבֻעֹת Jeremiah 5:24 (Ezekiel 45:21 read שִׁבְעַת with Vrss and all mod., see שֶׁבַע); with suffix שָׁבֻעֹתֵיכֶם Numbers 28:26;—

period of seven days (from a given time), week: Deuteronomy 16:9^(×2); Leviticus 12:5; of marriage feast Genesis 29:27, Genesis 29:28 (E; compare Judges 14:12 Tob 11:19); שָׁבֻעִים יָמִים Daniel 10:2, Daniel 10:3 three weeks, days (three weeks long); שׁ׳ חֻקּוֹת קָצִיר Jeremiah 5:24 weeks of statutes (that is weeks appointed by י׳) for harvest; term. techn. חַג שָֽׁבֻעֹת Exodus 34:22 feast of weeks (ending seven weeks of harvest), Deuteronomy 16:10, Deuteronomy 16:16, II Chronicles 8:13, so שׁ׳ alone Numbers 28:26.

heptad or seven of years, late, Daniel 9:24, Daniel 9:25, Daniel 9:26, Daniel 9:27^(×2).—שְׁבֻעֵי שְׁבֻעוֹת Ezekiel 21:28 see [שָׁבַע].

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שָׁבַע

verb swear (probably, so to say, seven oneself, or bind oneself by seven things, compare Gesenius' Thesaurus (as altern.), Gerb ^{108 ff.}; Mishnaic Hebrew Niph. = Biblical Hebrew; Targum שְׁבַע Ithpe. Aph.; see also Driver Genesis 21:28 Konig^{Hast.DB number, 565} Robertson Smith^{Sem. i. 166, 2nd ed., 182} Wellhausen ^{Reste ArabicHeid. 2, 186});—

(according to Gesenius' Thesaurus Rob Gesenius) participle (בינוני) passive שְׁבֻעֵי שְׁבֻעוֹת Ezekiel 21:28 those sworn with (= who have sworn) oaths; both from שְׁבוּעָה, according to Krae, oaths of oaths (the most sacred); Septuagint Peshitta Co om.; both from שָׁבוּעַ, Ewald Smend שׁ׳ שָׁ׳ weeks on weeks (plenty of time).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִשְׁבַּע Genesis 24:7 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשָּׁבַע Leviticus 5:24 +, וַיִּשָּׁ֫בַע Genesis 24:9 +; 2nd masculine singular תִּשָּׁבִ֑עַ Deuteronomy 6:13; Deuteronomy 10:20; 1st singular אִשָּׁב֑עַ Genesis 21:24, וָאֶשָּׁ֫בַע I Kings 2:8; Ezekiel 16:8, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. הִשָּֽׁבְעָה Genesis 21:23 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute הִשָּׁבַע Numbers 30:3, הִשָּׁבֵעַ Jeremiah 7:9; construct הִשָּׁבֵעַ Jeremiah 12:16^(×2) + I Samuel 20:17 see infra; participle (בינוני) נִשְׁבָּע Zechariah 5:3 +, etc.;—swear, take an oath:

subj. man:

in asseveration, absolute Genesis 21:24, Genesis 21:31, Judges 21:1, Judges 21:18; II Samuel 21:2 +; also followed by וַיֹּאמֶר I Samuel 20:3; I Kings 1:29, followed by לֵאמֹר II Samuel 3:35; Joshua 14:9; with a direct object cogn. Numbers 30:3 (P; ‖ נָדַר); + לַשֶּׁקֶר Jeremiah 5:2; Jeremiah 7:9; Leviticus 5:24 (P; + עַל rei), Malachi 3:5; + על־שׁ׳ Leviticus 5:22; + לְמִרְמָה Psalms 24:4; followed by inf. Leviticus 5:4, Psalms 15:4; Psalms 119:106; + ל person take an oath to, Joshua 6:22, Joshua 9:20 (P; direct object cogn.) Genesis 24:9 (+ עַל־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה) +, so also I Samuel 20:17 (read לְהִשָּׁבֵעַ אֶל־ for לְהַשְׁבְּיעַ אֶת־, Septuagint Vulgate Th Wellhausen Driver al.); oath of allegiance (לי׳) Isaiah 19:18; Isaiah 45:23 Zephaniah 1:5; II Chronicles 15:14, compare (absolute) v II Chronicles 15:15 (Joshua 23:7 see Hiph.); also followed by וַיֹּאמֶר II Kings 25:24; followed by לֵאמֹר II Samuel 21:17; I Kings 1:13; Jeremiah 40:9; followed by פֶּן = that not Judges 15:12, followed by אִם = the same I Kings 1:51; + אֶל person followed by לֵאמֹר Jeremiah 38:16; + בי׳ by י׳, followed by inf. Judges 21:7; + בְּשֵׁם י׳ I Samuel 20:42; Isaiah 48:1, compare Genesis 31:53, Deuteronomy 6:13; Deuteronomy 10:20; Jeremiah 12:16 (+ חַי־י׳), Isaiah 65:16; Zechariah 5:4 (לַשָּׁ֑קְר), Leviticus 19:12 (the same), Psalms 63:12; Daniel 12:7; + בי׳ followed by אִם II Samuel 19:8; + ל person c. בי׳ Joshua 9:18, Joshua 9:19 (P; pledge faith), followed by לֵאמֹר I Samuel 28:10; I Kings 1:30; I Kings 2:8, I Kings 2:23, followed by כִּי of obj. cl. Joshua 2:12, I Kings 1:17; + ל person c. בא׳, followed by אִם Genesis 21:23, I Samuel 30:15; as verb of quotation + obj. חַי־י׳ Hosea 4:15 Jeremiah 4:2; I Samuel 19:6 (+ אִם), + אִם in orat. recta Psalms 132:2 (‖ נָדַר); also + בְּלֹא אֱלֹהִים Jeremiah 5:7, בַּבָּ֑עַל Jeremiah 12:16, בְּמַלְכָּם Zephaniah 1:5, compare Amos 8:14 (+ וְאָמַר).

imprecate, curse, בִּ׳ by me Psalms 102:9 (compare שְׁבוּעָה 1 b, קְלָלָה).

subj. י׳: swear, c. בִּי by myself Genesis 22:16, Jeremiah 22:5 (cl. כִּי), Jeremiah 49:13 (the same), Isaiah 45:23 (the same), c. בְּקָדְשׁוֹ Amos 4:2 (the same), compare Psalms 89:36 (‖ אִם אֲכַזֵּב), compare also Amos 6:8; Amos 8:7; Jeremiah 44:26; Jeremiah 51:14; Isaiah 62:8; swear, followed by inf. Deuteronomy 1:35; Deuteronomy 4:21; Joshua 21:41 (van d. H. Baer; v Joshua 21:43 Gi), followed by מִן inf. = not to Isaiah 54:9^(×2), followed by אִם Psalms 95:11, followed by לֵאמֹר Deuteronomy 1:34; Isaiah 14:24; Numbers 32:10; followed by orat. recta Psalms 110:4; c. ל person take an oath to, Genesis 24:7, Exodus 13:11, Deuteronomy 2:14 + 7 times Dt. (direct object cogn. Deuteronomy 7:8; Deuteronomy 9:5), Ezekiel 16:8 (‖ בּוֹא בִבְרִית), Psalms 89:4 (‖ כָּרַת בְּרִית), v Psalms 89:50 (בֶּאֱמוּנָתֶ֑ךָ), +; ל person + inf. (usually to give land) Exodus 13:5, Deuteronomy 1:8 + 9 times Dt, Joshua 1:6; Joshua 5:6^(×2) (all R^D), Jeremiah 11:5 (+ direct object cogn.), Jeremiah 32:22; ל person + direct object rei (usually land) = promise by oath to Genesis 50:24; Exodus 33:1; Numbers 11:12 (all J), Numbers 14:16, Numbers 11:23, Numbers 32:11, Judges 2:1; Micah 7:20; Deuteronomy 6:18 + 8 times Dt (obj. covenant Deuteronomy 4:31; Deuteronomy 8:18); ל person om. Deuteronomy 31:21.

Perf. 3rd masculine singular הִשְׁבִּיעַ Exodus 13:19 + 1st singular הִשְׁבַּעְתִּי Song of Songs 2:7 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיַּשְׁבַּע Genesis 50:25 + with suffix וַיַּשְׁבִּעֵנִי Genesis 24:37, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַשְׁבֵּעַ Exodus 13:19; I Samuel 14:28; construct הַשְׁבִּיעַ I Samuel 14:27 (I Samuel 20:17 see Niph.); participle (בינוני) with suffix מַשְׁבִּיעֶ֑ךָ I Kings 22:16 = II Chronicles 18:15;—

cause to take an oath, subj. always man: with a direct object person Genesis 50:6, I Samuel 14:27; I Kings 18:10; II Kings 11:4, + direct object cogn. Joshua 2:17, Joshua 2:20, + לֵאמֹר Genesis 24:37; Genesis 50:5 (both J), v Genesis 50:25, Joshua 6:26 (J; direct object person om.), so (infinitive (מקור) absolute + past (עבר)) Exodus 13:19, I Samuel 14:28, + וְאָמַר Numbers 5:19 and (with a direct object cogn.) v Numbers 5:21 (both P), + inf. cl. Nehemiah 5:12; Ezra 10:5; + בי׳ by י׳ Genesis 24:3 (J; cl. אֲשֶׁר), I Kings 2:42 (‖ וָאָעִד בְּךָ, + לֵאמֹר), compare Joshua 23:7 (R^D; but read perhaps Niph. תִּשָּֽׁבְעוּ Gratz al.; Septuagint del.), Nehemiah 13:25 (cl. אִם, orat. recta), II Chronicles 36:13.

adjure, with a direct object person I Kings 22:16 = II Chronicles 18:15 (both + cl. אֲשֶׁר); elsewhere only Ct: Song of Songs 5:9, c. cl. מַה־ interrog. v Song of Songs 5:8, c. cl. אִם that not Song of Songs 2:7; Song of Songs 3:5 (both + ב of oath), = cl. מַה־ Song of Songs 8:4 (see מָה 2 a (b)).—I Samuel 20:17 see Niph.

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שֶׁ֫בַע²

n.pr.m.

in Benj., בֶּן־בִּכְרִי II Samuel 20:1, II Samuel 20:2, II Samuel 20:6, II Samuel 20:7, II Samuel 20:10, II Samuel 20:13, II Samuel 20:21, II Samuel 20:22; Σαβεε.

in Gad I Chronicles 5:13; Σεβεε, A Σωβαφε, SeptuagintL Σαβεε.

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שֶׁבַע

si vera l. n.pr.location in Simeon, בְּאֵר־שֶׁבַע וְשֶׁבַע Joshua 19:2; Σαμαα, SeptuagintL Σαβε; probably del. וְשׁ׳ Dillmann al. (om. ‖ I Chronicles 4:23).—בְּאֵר שׁ׳ see p. 92and

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שֶׁבַע²

see in cpds. אֱלִישֶׁבַע, (בַּת־שֶׁבַע), יְהוֹשֶׁבַע.

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שְׁבוּעָה

noun (fem.) (Joshua 2:17 read הַזּה Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 116}) oath, curse;—absolute שְׁבוּ׳ Joshua 9:20 +, שְׁבֻ׳ Genesis 26:3 +; construct שְׁבֻעַת Exodus 22:10 +; with suffix שְׁבֻעָתִי Genesis 24:8, etc.; plural שְׁבֻעוֹת absolute Ezekiel 21:28, construct Habakkuk 3:9 [Jeremiah 5:24 Ezekiel 45:21 see שָׁבוּעַ];—oath [as direct object cogn. c. הִשָּׁבַע etc. Numbers 30:3 + (in rel. cl.) 5 times]:

of man:

attesting innocence Exodus 22:10, friendship II Samuel 21:7, promise I Kings 2:43 (after שָׁמַר keep; all שְׁבֻעַת י׳ oath to י׳); innocence also Numbers 5:21 a; friendship Nehemiah 6:18 (בַּעֲלֵי שׁ׳ לוֹ), promise Leviticus 5:4; of vow (‖ נדר) Numbers 30:3, Numbers 30:11, Numbers 30:14 (שְׁבֻעַת אִסָּר), Joshua 9:20 (all P), Nehemiah 10:30 (‖ אָלָה), Ecclesiastes 9:2, of covenant with י׳ II Chronicles 15:15, שְׁבוּעַת אֱלֹהִים Ecclesiastes 8:2 (probably of oath of allegiance to king), שְׁבֻעַת שֶׁקֶר Zechariah 8:17; of threat Judges 21:5; I Samuel 14:26 (Septuagint שְׁבֻעַת י׳); keep, discharge the oath is הֵקִים הַשּׁ׳ Genesis 26:3, Jeremiah 11:5; נָקָה מִשּׁ׳ be free, exempt from an oath Genesis 24:8, compare Joshua 2:17, Joshua 2:20

= curse, Isaiah 65:15 and (‖ אָלָה) Numbers 5:21, Daniel 9:11.

oath of י׳, in promise, Deuteronomy 7:8 (שָׁמַר in rel. cl.), ‖ covenant (בְּרִית), שְׁבוּעָתוֹ לְיִצְחָק Psalms 105:9 = I Chronicles 16:16.—שְׁבֻעוֹת מַטּוֹת Habakkuk 3:9 very doubtful: AV oaths of the tribes; oaths, rods of the word, Hitzig-St.; sworn (pt. passive שָׁבַע) were the rods (= chastisements) of (thy) word, Gesenius Hitzig RVm; heptads of spears Ewald, compare Davidson; text probably currupt, Nowack proposes (אַשְׁפָּֽתְךָ) שִׂבַּעְתָּ מַטּוֹת thou hast sated with shafts thy quiver; Marti (after Septuagint^Codd.) thy bow was satiated with shafts Ezekiel 21:28 see √.

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שׁוֹבֵק

n.pr.m. one of those sealed Nehemiah 10:25; Σωβηκ, SeptuagintL Σωβειρ.

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שָׁבַר

verb break, break in pieces (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Sab. תֿבר break, destroy DHM^{Hof.Mus., no. 1(×2). 26} Mordtm^{HI 74}; Arabic ثَبَرَ restrain, destroy; Aramaic תְּבַר, ܬܒܰܪ: Assyrian šabâru, break, break in pieces; Ethiopic ሰበረ: break);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ I Kings 13:28; Isaiah 14:5, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁבֹּר Jeremiah 19:11, -בּוֹר Isaiah 42:3; 3rd feminine singular תִּשְׁבָּר־ Proverbs 25:15, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שְׁבֹר Psalms 10:15, with suffix שָׁבְרֵם Jeremiah 17:18; infinitive (מקור) construct לִשְׁבֹּר Genesis 19:9 + 2 times, שְׁבוֹר Jeremiah 28:12; participle (בינוני) active שֹׁבֵר Ezekiel 4:16 + 2 times; passive שָׁבוּר Leviticus 22:22, plural construct שְׁבוּרֵי Psalms 147:3;—break, literally, obj. earthen vessel Judges 7:20 Leviticus 11:33, Jeremiah 19:11 (in sim.), compare v Jeremiah 19:11 Jeremiah 48:38; Isaiah 30:14, flask Jeremiah 19:10, gate-bar Amos 1:5 (in metaphorically), bow Hosea 1:5; Jeremiah 49:35, and sword Hosea 2:20 (מִן־הָאָרֶץ), bone of lamb Exodus 12:46; Numbers 9:12, and (in metaphorically) Proverbs 25:15, compare שָׁבוּר that is fractured of limb Leviticus 22:22, yoke Jeremiah 28:10, Jeremiah 28:12, Jeremiah 28:13, and, in metaphorically, of deliverance (י׳ subj.) v Jeremiah 28:2, Jeremiah 28:4, Jeremiah 28:11; Jeremiah 38:8 (c. מֵעַל), + 4 times, of rebellion Jeremiah 2:20; Jeremiah 5:5, so staff Isaiah 14:5 + 5 times, reed Isaiah 42:3, arm of Pharoah Ezekiel 30:21, Ezekiel 30:22, Ezekiel 30:24 compare Psalms 10:15; trees (subj. thunder) Psalms 29:5; break in, down, door Genesis 19:9; rend violently (of lion), man I Kings 13:26, ass v I Kings 13:28; wreck Tyre (as ship) Ezekiel 27:26; figuratively break pride Leviticus 26:19; crush (figuratively) Isaiah 14:25 (compare Jeremiah 48:28 above), Lamentations 1:15; Daniel 11:26; מִשְׁנֶה שִׁבָּרוֹן שׁ׳ Jeremiah 17:18; break, rupture, heart (figuratively) Psalms 69:21 + Ezekiel 6:9 (see Niph. ad fin.), שְׁבוּרֵי לֵב Psalms 147:3; וָאֶשְׁבֹּר עָלָיו חֻקִּי Job 38:10 broke for it my boundary, of sea, ref. to abrupt ending of mainland; = quench thirst (frangere sitim) Psalms 104:11.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִשְׁבַּר Exodus 22:9 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשָּׁבֵר Leviticus 6:21 +, 3rd feminine singular וְתִשָּׁ֫בֶר Ecclesiastes 12:6, 2nd masculine singular תִּשָּׁבֵר Ezekiel 29:7, -בַר֥ Ezekiel 32:28, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct הִשָּׁבֵר Jonah 1:4; participle (בינוני) נִשְׁבָּר Psalms 51:19, fs. נִשְׁבָּרָה v Psalms 51:19, נִשְׁבֶּ֫רֶת Ezekiel 27:34 +, etc.;—be broken, of neck I Samuel 4:18, bones Psalms 34:21, gate-bars Jeremiah 51:30, rod (in figuratively) Isaiah 14:21; Jeremiah 48:17, idols Ezekiel 6:4, Ezekiel 6:6, horn Daniel 8:8, compare v Daniel 8:22, arm Job 31:22 (מִקָּנָה), and (in metaphorically) Jeremiah 48:25; Job 38:15 Psalms 37:17, compare Ezekiel 30:22, bough Ezekiel 31:12; Isaiah 27:11, compare (figuratively) of wickedness, like a tree Job 24:20, other things Psalms 37:15 Jeremiah 50:23; Ezekiel 29:17 Psalms 124:7; cisterns Jeremiah 2:13 (the same), pottery Leviticus 6:21; Leviticus 15:12, Ecclesiastes 12:6 (in figuratively); = be maimed, crippled (have limb broken), of animal Exodus 22:9, Exodus 22:13, and (figuratively) Ezekiel 34:4, Ezekiel 34:16; Zechariah 11:16, so (figuratively of men stumbling) Isaiah 8:15; Isaiah 28:13; be wrecked, of ships I Kings 22:49 (read Qr נִשְׁבְּרוּ), ‖ II Chronicles 20:37, Jonah 1:4, metaphorically of Tyre Ezekiel 27:34; figuratively be crushed, destroyed (person, warriors, kingdoms, etc.), Jeremiah 14:17; Jeremiah 22:20; Jeremiah 48:4; Jeremiah 51:8 + 10 times; figuratively be broken, of heart †Jeremiah 23:9; Isaiah 61:1 Psalms 34:19; Psalms 51:19, compare רוּחַ נִשׁ׳ v Psalms 51:19.—Ezekiel 6:9 read probably וְשָֽׁבְרְתִּ֫י (Wellhausen Smend Berthol Toy Krae); Co בְּשָׁבְרִי.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שִׁבַּר Isaiah 21:9 +, שִׁבֵּ֑ר Exodus 9:25, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְשַׁבֵּר ψ; Psalms 46:10 +, 2nd masculine plural תְּשַׁבֵּר֑וּן Exodus 34:13, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute שַׁבֵּר Exodus 23:24; participle (בינוני) מְשַׁבֵּר I Kings 19:11;—shatter, break, tablets Exodus 32:19, Exodus 34:1, Deuteronomy 9:17; Deuteronomy 10:2; מַצֵּבוֹת Exodus 23:24 (E; + infinitive (מקור) absolute), Exodus 34:13 + 7 times; images II Kings 11:18 + 3 times; bronze sea, etc., II Kings 25:13 = Jeremiah 52:17; horns Daniel 8:7; jaws Job 29:17 (in figuratively); of hail shattering trees Exodus 9:25, compare I Kings 19:11; elsewhere subj. י׳, shattering gate-bars, etc., weapons Isaiah 45:2; Isaiah 38:13; Lamentations 2:9; Lamentations 3:4 Psalms 46:10; Psalms 76:4; Psalms 107:16, trees Psalms 29:5; Psalms 105:33, heads of תַּנִּינִים Psalms 74:13; wrecking ships Psalms 48:8.

cause to break out, that is bring to the birth, future (עתיד) 1st singular הַאֲנִי אַשְׁבִּיר וְלֹא אוֹלִיד Isaiah 66:9 (י׳ subj.; compare מַשְׁבֵּר below).

be broken, shattered (in heart), past (עבר) 1st singular עַל־שֶׁבֶר בַּת־עַמִּי הָשְׁבַּ֑רְתִּי Jeremiah 8:21.

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שֶׁ֫בֶר

noun (masc.) ^{Jeremiah 4:5} breaking, fracture, crushing, breach, crash;—absolute שֶׁבֶר Isaiah 51:19 +, שָׁ֑בֶר Lamentations 3:47; Proverbs 17;Proverbs 19, construct שֶׁבֶר Isaiah 1:28 +, שֵׁבֶר Amos 6:6 +; with suffix שִׁבְרִי Jeremiah 10:19, etc.; plural שְׁבָרִים Joshua 7:5 Job 41:17 (doubtful, see below), with suffix שְׁכָרֶיהָ Psalms 60:4;—

breaking of pottery Isaiah 30:14, fracture of member, limb Leviticus 21:19; Leviticus 24:20, especially figuratively of people personif. שׁ׳ יוֹסֵף Amos 6:6, compare Isaiah 30:26 (‖ מַחַץ מַכָּתוֹ), Jeremiah 8:21; Jeremiah 10:19; Jeremiah 14:17; Jeremiah 30:12 (‖ מַכָּה), v Jeremiah 30:15 (‖ מַכְאֹב), Lamentations 2:11; Lamentations 3:48; Lamentations 4:10, also (c. רפא, רפה heal) Jeremiah 6:14; Jeremiah 8:11 Lamentations 2:13 Psalms 60:4, compare Nahum 3:19; of sinners Isaiah 1:28; shattering, crushing, of wall (in figuratively) Isaiah 30:13; שׁ׳ גָּדוֹל (‖ רָעָה) Jeremiah 4:6; Jeremiah 6:1, שׁ׳ עַל־שׁ׳ Jeremiah 4:20; שֹׁד וָשׁ׳ Isaiah 59:7; Isaiah 60:18; Jeremiah 48:3, compare Isaiah 51:19; הַשֵּׁאת וְהַשּׁ׳ Lamentations 3:47; זַעֲקַת שׁ׳ Isaiah 15:5, compare Jeremiah 48:5; of individ. Proverbs 16:18; Proverbs 17:19; Proverbs 18:12; figuratively, שׁ׳ רוּחַ of spirit Isaiah 65:14, compare Proverbs 15:4; so (רוּחַ om.) מִשְּׁבָרִים Job 41:17 from terror, Dillmann De, compare Bi, but doubtful; Buhl Budde conjunction מִשְׁבְּרֵי יָם, Gie מִשִּׁנָּיו גִּבֹּרִים, Duhm מִשְׁמָרִים.

crashing, Zephaniah 1:10 (‖ קוֹל צְעָקָה, יְלָלָה), Jeremiah 50:22 (‖ מִלְחָמָה), Jeremiah 51:54 (‖ קוֹל זְעָקָה).

breaking of a dream, that is its interpretation (solution of mystery) Judges 7:15 (compare GFM).

הַשְּׁבָרִים Joshua 7:5, perhaps (Dillmann Benn Steuern) the quarries, as n.pr.location, Vulgate Sabarim (< Septuagint Peshitta Targum הִשָּֽׁבְרָם).—שִׁבְרִי Ezekiel 32:9, read שִׁבְיְךָ Septuagint Co Stade Berthol Krae (not Toy).

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שֶׁ֫בֶר²

n.pr.m. a Calebite I Chronicles 2:48; Σαβερ, A Σεβερ, SeptuagintL Σαβαρ.

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שָׁבוּר

Leviticus 22:22 see √ Qal.

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שִׁבָּרוֹן

n.[m.] breaking, crushing;—figuratively; construct שִׁבְרוֹן מָתְנַיִם Ezekiel 21:11 (emotional distress; ‖ מְרִירוּת), read שִׁבָּ׳ also (for Masoretic Text שִׁכָּרוֹן) 23:33 Co Berthol Krae; crushing of opponents Jeremiah 17:18.

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שֶׁ֫בֶר³

n.[m.] corn, grain, as food stuff (perhaps broken, that is threshed, Hoffmann^{journal ZAW iii (1883), 122} Siegfried-Stade Siegf Nehemiah 10:32; > Konig^{ii. 1, 19 n} breaking out, that is sprouting (as chief fruit of soil); hence Mishnaic Hebrew שִׁבָּרוֹן price of corn);—שׁ׳ absolute Genesis 42:1 +; construct v Genesis 42:19; with suffix שִׁבְרָם v Genesis 42:26, שִׁבְרוֹ Genesis 44:2;—corn, grain Genesis 42:1, Genesis 42:2, Genesis 42:19, Genesis 42:26; Genesis 43:2; Genesis 44:2; Genesis 47:14 (direct object cogn.), Amos 8:5 (the same); so perhaps (for בָּר) Genesis 42:3 Lagarde^{BN 230}; כָּל־שׁ׳ Nehemiah 10:32 all kinds of grain.

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שָׁבַר²

verbdenom. buy grain;—

future (עתיד) 2nd masculine plural תִּשְׁבְּרוּ Deuteronomy 2:6, 1st plural נִשְׁבְּרָה Genesis 43:4; imperative (ציווי) mpl. שִׁבְרוּ Genesis 42:2 +; infinitive (מקור) construct לִשְׁבֹּר v Genesis 43:3 +, לִשְׁבָּר־ v Genesis 43:7 +; participle (בינוני) mpl. שֹׁבְרִים Genesis 47:14;—buy grain for food Genesis 41:57 (v Genesis 41:56 see Hiph.), Genesis 42:2 (שֶׁבֶר in v a), v Genesis 41:5; with a direct object אֹכֶל v Genesis 41:7, Genesis 41:10; Genesis 43:2, Genesis 43:4, Genesis 43:20, Genesis 43:22; Genesis 44:25; Deuteronomy 2:6 (מִן person); with a direct object בָּר Genesis 42:3, שֶׁבֶר Genesis 47:14; figuratively Isaiah 55:1, with a direct object יַיִן וְחָלָב v Isaiah 55:1.

future (עתיד) 1st plural נַשְׁבִּיר Amos 8:6 etc.; participle (בינוני) מַשְׁבִּיר Genesis 42:6 Proverbs 11:26;—sell grain (proposes cause to buy grain), c. ל person Genesis 42:6 + Genesis 41:56 (read וַיַּשְׁבֵּר for Masoretic Text וַיִּשְׁבֹּר Olshausen Dillmann Gunk), with a direct object שֶׁבֶר Amos 8:5, מַפַּל בָּר v Amos 8:6, compare Proverbs 11:26; c. with suffix person + direct object אֹכֶל + ב pret. Deuteronomy 2:28.

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שָׁבַת

verb cease, desist, rest (Assyrian šabâtu, probably cease, be completed Delitzsch^WB Zim^{Schrader's Keilinschriften3. 593} (Jen^{ZA iv (1889), 277 f.} is sceptical); Arabic سَبَتَ cut off, interrupt; Mishnaic Hebrew has שֶׁבֶת neglect, etc., Aramaic שִׁבְתָּא cost of neglect);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Genesis 2:3 +; 3rd plural שָׁבָ֑תוּ Lamentations 5:14, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁבּוֹת Hosea 7:4; יִשְׁבֹּת Proverbs 22:10 + 2 times; 3rd feminine singular תִּשְׁבֹּת Leviticus 26:35; תִּשְׁבַּת v Leviticus 26:34 Nehemiah 6:3 +, etc.;—

cease: (absolute 13 times) of seasons Genesis 8:22; manna Joshua 5:12, etc., Isaiah 14:4^(×2) Nehemiah 6:3 +; c. מִן Hosea 7:4 + 3 times

desist from labour, rest:

c. מִן (of God) Genesis 2:2, Genesis 2:3

מִן om., ב temp. Exodus 23:12, Exodus 16:30; Exodus 34:21, Exodus 31:17; בֶּחָרִישׁ וּבַקָּצִיר שׁ׳ Exodus 34:21 (J.; that is, even in these busy seasons).

land in 7th year Leviticus 26:34, Leviticus 26:35^(×2), II Chronicles 36:21.—Leviticus 23:32; Leviticus 25:2 see [שָׁבַת] verb denom. Infr.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִשְׁבַּת Isaiah 17:3 + 2 times; plural נִשְׁבְּתוּ Ezekiel 6:6;—cease: absolute Ezekiel 6:6; Ezekiel 30:18; Ezekiel 33:28; c. מִן Isaiah 17:3.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִשְׁבִּית Ruth 4:14 +; 2nd masculine singular הִשְּׁבַּתָּ Psalms 89:45; Psalms 119:119, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַשְׁבִּית Proverbs 18:18 Daniel 9:27; וַיַּשְׁבֵּת II Kings 23:11 II Chronicles 16:5, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct הַשְׁבִּית Psalms 8:3; לַשְׁבִּית Amos 8:4 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 53 q); imperative (ציווי) mpl. הַשְׁבִּ֫יתוּ Isaiah 30:11; participle (בינוני) מַשְׁבִּית Jeremiah 16:9 Psalms 46:10;—

cause to cease, put an end to: with a direct object mirth Hosea 2:13, work II Chronicles 16:5; Nehemiah 4:5; sacrifice Daniel 9:27; war Psalms 46:10, compare Isaiah 13:11; Ezekiel 7:24; Proverbs 18:18 + 6 times, + הִשׁ׳ קוֹל שָׂשׂוֹן מִן Jeremiah 7:34; Jeremiah 16:9, compare Jeremiah 48:33.

= exterminate, destroy: with a direct object II Kings 23:5, II Kings 23:11; Amos 8:4 (Nowack conjunction העשׁקים), Hosea 1:4 Psalms 8:3; Psalms 119:119; with a direct object + מִן, Jeremiah 36:29, מִן הָאָרֶץ Leviticus 26:6, Ezekiel 34:25; אלילים Ezekiel 30:13; Deuteronomy 32:26.

cause to desist from: c. מִן Ezekiel 16:41; Ezekiel 34:10; Exodus 5:5 (E = give rest from); לְבִלְתִּי inf. Joshua 22:25.

remove (= הֵסִיר מִן: c. מִן Ezekiel 23:27, Ezekiel 23:48 Psalms 89:45 (text doubtful: read הִשְׁבַּתּוֹ [3] Septuagint Duhm; מַטֵּה הֹדוֹ Herz Cheyne, see also sub מֳהָר); leaven מבתים Exodus 12:15; הַשׁ׳ אֶח־ק׳ ישׂר׳ מִפָּנֵינוּ Isaiah 30:11.

cause to fail, let be lacking: salt מֵעַל מִנְחָתֶ֑ךָ Leviticus 2:13; direct object person + ל person Jeremiah 48:35; Ruth 4:14. I. שֶׁבֶת see ישׁב.

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שֶׁ֫בֶת²

noun (fem.) cessation (doubtful) Proverbs 20:3 (c. מֵרִיב, Septuagint ἀποστρέφεσθαι = שׁוּב); שִׁבְתּוֹ Exodus 21:19 that is from work = his loss of time (but Dillmann i. שֶׁבֶת, p. 443 f.).—Isaiah 30:7 perhaps = a sitting still (indolently) √ ישׁב, but probably crpt., see Duhm Cheyne al.

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שַׁבָּת

noun (fem.) ^{Ex 31:14 +} m. ^{Is 56:2, 6; 66:23}, (under infl. of יוֹם in freq. יוֹם הַשּׁ׳, Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 47}) Sabbath (= ת + שׁבת; Mishnaic Hebrew שַׁבָּת, Aramaic שַׁבְּתָא, ܫܰܒܬܳܐ; perhaps Assyrian šabattum (‖ ûm nûḫ libbi, day of rest of heart (that is propitiation) [of deity]: only in lex. tablets); compare Lotz ^{Quaest. de hist. Sabbati, 1883} Jen ^{ZA iv (1869), 274 ff.} (doubts connexion of Assyrian word with Hebrew Sabbath) Id ^{S. S. Times, Jan. 16, 1892, 35 f.} Muss-Arn ^{JBL xi (1892), 93} Schwally ^{Idiot. 127}; see (more recently) Jastr^{Am. J. Theol. ii (1898), 312 ff.} Toy ^{TBL xviii (1899), 190 ff.} Driver ^{Hast DB Sabbath (1902)} Zim ^{Schrader's Keilinschriften3. 592 ff.; ZMG 1904, 199 ff.} [15th day of month so called] ^{458 ff.});—absolute שׁ׳ Exodus 16:25 + 64 times; construct שַׁבַּת v Exodus 16:23 + 10 times; with suffix שַׁבַּתּוֹ Numbers 28:10 + 3 times with suffix; plural שַׁבָּתוֹת Leviticus 23:15 + 7 times; construct שַׁבְּתֹת v Leviticus 23:38 Leviticus 25:8^(×2); with suffix שַׁבְּתוֹתַי Isaiah 56:4 +, etc.;—

sabbath:

primitive שׁ׳ ליהוה Exodus 16:25, Exodus 20:10 = Deuteronomy 5:14 (ten words) Leviticus 23:3; הַשּׁ׳ Exodus 16:29; בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי שׁ׳ Exodus 16:26; on seventh day יוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת Exodus 20:8, Exodus 20:11 = Deuteronomy 5:12, Deuteronomy 5:15 (ten words), so throughout; Exodus 31:15 + 3 times P, Jeremiah 17:21; Ezekiel 46:4; Nehemiah 10:32 + 9 times, + (‖ new moon) Isaiah 1:13; Ezekiel 46:1; II Kings 4:23; Amos 8:5, compare Isaiah 66:23^(×2), also חג and מועד Hosea 2:13; time of change of watch in temple II Kings 11:5, II Kings 11:7, II Kings 11:9^(×2) = II Chronicles 23:4, II Chronicles 23:8^(×2); מיסך הַשּׁ׳ (in temple) II Kings 16:18; orig. observed simply by abstinence from labour Exodus 20:9, Exodus 20:10 = Deuteronomy 5:14; Exodus 23:12, Exodus 34:21 (J; Br ^{Hex. 181–195}).

Deut. reason for day is deliverance from Egypt Deuteronomy 5:15, hence its consecration, לְקַדְּשׁוֹ v Deuteronomy 5:12 = Exodus 20:8; קדּשׁ יום השׁ׳ Jeremiah 17:22, Jeremiah 17:24, Jeremiah 17:27 (especially no load carried), Ezekiel 20:20; Ezekiel 20:44:Ezekiel 20:24.

intensified by antith. חלּל שׁ׳ Ezekiel 20:13 + 5 times Ez, compare Nehemiah 13:18. Phrases in H: שׁמר (ה)שׁ׳ Leviticus 19:3, Leviticus 19:30; Leviticus 26:2, then P Exodus 31:13, Exodus 31:14, Exodus 31:16; compare Isaiah 56:2, Isaiah 56:4, Isaiah 56:6; יוֹם קָדְשִׁי, קדושׁ י׳: Isaiah 58:13^(×2) (c. כבּד). H also שַׁבְּתֹתֵיכֶם Leviticus 26:35; סִמָּחְֽרַת הַשּׁ׳ Leviticus 23:11, Leviticus 23:15, Leviticus 23:16; שַׁבְּתוֹתַי Leviticus 19:3, Leviticus 19:30; Leviticus 26:2; Isaiah 56:4; Ezekiel 20:12; Ezekiel 22:26, + 8 times Ez; ‖ מוֹעֵד Lamentations 2:6.

P gives as basis God’s resting Exodus 20:11; Exodus 31:17; שׁבתות י׳ Leviticus 23:38; קדשׁ ליהוה שׁ׳ Exodus 16:23, compare Nehemiah 9:14, שׁ׳ שׁבתון Exodus 31:15; Exodus 35:2; Leviticus 23:3; עשׂה השׁ׳ Exodus 31:16, עֹלַת שׁ׳ בְּשַׁבַּתּוֹ Numbers 28:10, compare Isaiah 66:23; בְּיוֹם הַשּׁ׳ בְּיוֹם הַשּׁ׳ Leviticus 24:8 on every sabbath, abbr. שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּת I Chronicles 9:32; לַשַּׁבָּתוֹת, ‖ חֳדָשִׁים + מועדים I Chronicles 23:31 + 3 times Chr, Nehemiah 10:34 (ל om. by error); work punished by stoning Numbers 15:32; trade prohib. Nehemiah 10:32; Nehemiah 13:15-21.

day of atonement is a שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן Leviticus 16:31; Leviticus 23:32, compare שָׁבַת שַׁבָּת v Leviticus 23:32.

sabbath year, שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן Leviticus 25:4; שַׁבָּת ליהוה v Leviticus 25:2, Leviticus 25:4; (הארץ) רצה שַׁבְּתוֹתֶיהָ Leviticus 26:34^(×2), Leviticus 26:43, II Chronicles 36:21.

= week (?): שֶׁבַע שַׁבָּתוֹת Leviticus 23:15, seven sabbaths or weeks; שֶׁבַע שַׁבְּתֹת (ה)שָּׁנִים Leviticus 25:8^(×2) seven sabbaths or weeks (of years), uncertain (see Mk 16:2, 9; Lk 18:12; Mt 28:1, compare J.Aramaic usage); poss. שַׁבָּת Isaiah 66:23 = week (Duhm).

שַׁבַּת הָאָ֫רֶץ Leviticus 25:6 = produce in sabbath year (growing of itself).

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שָׁבַת²

verbdenom. keep, observe (sabbath);—

, with a direct object cogn.; past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular וְשָֽׁבְתָה הָאָרֶץ שַׁבָּת לי׳ Leviticus 25:2, compare II Chronicles 36:21; 2nd masculine plural מֵעֶרֶב עַד־ עֶרֶב תִּשְׁבְּתוּ שַׁבַּתְּכֶ֑ם Leviticus 23:32.

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שַׁבָּתוֹן

noun (masc.) sabbath observance, sabbatism;—שׁ׳ Exodus 16:23 + 10 times P; usually phrase שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן sabbath of sabbatic observance;—

of weekly sabbath Exodus 31:15; Exodus 35:2; Leviticus 23:3; Exodus 16:23 (שַׁבָּתוֹן שַׁבַּת קֹדֶשׁ, probably transp.).

day of atonement Leviticus 16:31; Leviticus 23:32.

sabbatical year Leviticus 25:4, compare שְׁנַת שַׁבָּתוֹן v Leviticus 25:5.

שׁ׳ alone of feast of trumpets Leviticus 23:24, and of first and eighth days of feast of tabernacles v Leviticus 23:39, Leviticus 23:39.

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שַׁבְּתַי

n.pr. Levite;—Ezra 10:15; Nehemiah 8:7; Nehemiah 11:16; Σαβ(β)αθαι, etc.

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שָׁגַג

verb go astray, commit sin or error (‖ שׁגה, שׁוג);—

past (עבר) שָׁגָג֛ Leviticus 5:18; participle (בינוני) שֹׁגֵג Job 12:16 Psalms 119:67; f. שֹׁגֶ֫גֶת Numbers 15:28;—

error, mentally Job 12:16.

sin ignorantly, inadvertently, Leviticus 5:18; Numbers 15:28, compare Psalms 119:67.—בְּשַׁגָּם Genesis 6:3 perhaps infinitive (מקור) construct with suffix, by reason of their going astray, see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67 p Ewald Driver al.; > Vrss for that he also is flesh. אֲבִישַׁג, see p. 4b.

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שְׁגָגָה

noun (fem.) sin of error, inadvertence;—absolute שׁ׳ Numbers 15:25 +; with suffix שִׁגְגָתוֹ Leviticus 5:18; שִׁגְגָתָם Numbers 15:25;—error (opposite sins of intention, or בְּיָד רָמָה) only P Ec: Numbers 15:25 = Ecclesiastes 5:5, compare Ecclesiastes 10:5; על שׁ׳ Leviticus 5:18 Numbers 15:25; חטא בִּשׁ׳ Leviticus 4:2, Leviticus 4:22, Leviticus 4:27; Leviticus 5:15; Numbers 15:27, Numbers 15:28 + (verb om.) v Numbers 15:26; עשׂה בִשׁ׳ Leviticus 4:22; Numbers 15:29 + (לִשׁ׳) v Numbers 15:24; אכל קֹדֶשׁ בִּשׁ׳ Leviticus 22:14; מַכֵּה־נֶפֶשׁ בִּשׁ׳ of unintended killing Numbers 35:11, Numbers 35:15 = Joshua 20:3, Joshua 20:9 (‖ in D בִּבְלִי־דַעַת).—I Samuel 14:24 see שׁגה.

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שִׁגָּיוֹן

see p. 993b.

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שָׁגָה

verb go astray, error (Aramaic שְׁגָא, ܫܓܳܐ the same);—

past (עבר) 1st singular שָׁגִיתִי Job 6:24; Job 19:4, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁגֶּה Proverbs 5:23, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct שְׁגוֹת Proverbs 19:27; participle (בינוני) שֹׁגֶה Ezekiel 45:20; Proverbs 20:1, etc.;—

error, stray, of flock Ezekiel 34:6 (figuratively).

swerve, meander, reel or roll, in drunkenness, ב of drink Isaiah 28:7^(×2); = be intoxicated, Proverbs 20:1; so with (בּ) love Proverbs 5:19, Proverbs 5:20; שׁ׳ בָּרֹאֶה Isaiah 28:7.

go astray, morally, I Samuel 26:21; Proverbs 5:23; Job 6:24; Job 19:4, + I Samuel 14:24 (reading שׁ׳ שְׁגָגָה) Th Wellhausen Driver Nowack (after Septuagint; otherwise Budde HPS); c. מן, of י׳’s commands Psalms 119:21, Psalms 119:118, מִן of words of knowledge Proverbs 19:27.

specif. commit sin of ignorance, inadvertence Leviticus 4:13; Numbers 15:22 Ezekiel 45:20 (compare שׁגג).

lead astray:

literally, participle (בינוני) מַשְׁגֶּה Deuteronomy 27:18 (בַּדֶּרֶךְ).

מַשׁ׳ mentally = mislead Job 12:16.

morally, participle (בינוני) Proverbs 28:10 (רָ֑ע בְּדֶרֶךְ); future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular with suffix תַּשְׁגֵּנִי, c. מן of God’s commands Psalms 119:10; + perhaps Job 12:23 leadeth nations astray (מַשְׂגִּיא in Kenn., Field).

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שָׁגֵה

(שָׁגֵא van d. H.) n.pr.m. father of a hero of David I Chronicles 11:34.—B Σωλα, A Σαγη, SeptuagintL Σαμαια.

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שִׁגָּיוֹן²

doubtful word, Psalms 7:1 (title), Ewald De al. from √ שׁגה go astray, reel, that is wild, passionate song, with rapid changes of rhythm; compare Lagarde^{BN 201 f.} who cp. שִׁגָּעוֹן, √ שׁגע; Septuagint ψαλμός, read probably מִזְמוֹר; plural שִׁגְיֹנוֹת Habakkuk 3:1 (title), read נְגִינוֹת, so Septuagint.

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שֵׁגָל

noun (fem.) (queen-) consort Nehemiah 2:6 Psalms 45:10, + perhaps Judges 5:30 see שָׁלָל (Palmyrene n.pr.f. שגל Lidzbarski³⁷² SAC¹¹¹ GACooke³⁰⁹; Gesenius' Thesaurus¹³⁶³ cp. ‘queen,’ orig. ‘woman’; but שׁ׳ loan-word according to Lagarde^{BN 51, 153} and not from √ [שָׁגֵל]).

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שֶׁ֫גֶר

n.[f. Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 70}] offspring, young of beasts (שגר the same Ecclus Ben Sira 40:19; compare Wellhausen^{Skizzen iii. 170});—construct שׁ׳;—כָּל־פֶּטֶר שׁ׳ בְּהֵמָה Exodus 13:12 (J; כָּל־פ׳ רֶחֶם precedes); also שְׁגַר אֲלָפֶיךָ Deuteronomy 7:13; Deuteronomy 28:4, Deuteronomy 28:18, Deuteronomy 28:51 (all ‖ עַשְׁתְּרֹת צֹאנֶ֑ךָ).

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שַׁד

ii. שֹׁד breast, see שׁדה.

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שֹׁד

see שׁדד.

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שָׁדַד

verb deal violently with, despoil, devastate, ruin (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, Niph.; Arabic سَدَّ stop up, obstruct, arrest, make firm; Ethiopic ሰደደ: expel; Assyrian šadâdu is draw, drag);—

past (עבר) 3rd plural consec. וְשָֽׁדְדוּ Ezekiel 32:12; with suffix שַׁדּוּנִי Psalms 17:9; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָשׁוּד (metapl., compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67 q Bae) Psalms 91:6, with suffix יְשָׁדֵּם (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67 n) Proverbs 11:3 Qr (Kt past (עבר) ושׁדם), יְשָׁדְדֵם Jeremiah 5:6; imperative (ציווי) mpl. שָׁדְדוּ (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67 cc) Jeremiah 49:28; infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׁדוֹד Micah 2:4; construct לִשְׁדוֹד Jeremiah 47:4 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 45 g), compare also שֹׁד Hosea 10:14; participle (בינוני) active שֹׁדֵד Jeremiah 6:26 +, etc.; passive שָׁדוּד Judges 5:27 +, f. שְׁדוּדָה Psalms 137:8;—violently destroy, person, = slay Judges 5:27 (passive), Jeremiah 5:6 (wolf subj.; ‖ הִכָּה); direct object Philistines Jeremiah 47:4 (‖ הִכְרִית), v Jeremiah 5:4 (subj. י׳); = devastate, direct object בָּבֶל (subj. י׳) Jeremiah 51:55, compare Psalms 137:8 (read probably הַשֹּׁדֵדָה Wellhausen Duhm compare Ewald Hitzig הַשָּׁדוֹדָה see Konig^{ii. 194}); אֶת־גְּאוֹן מִצְרַיִם Ezekiel 32:12 (‖ נִשְׁמַד), compare Hosea 10:14, אֶת־מַרְעִיתָם Jeremiah 25:36 (subj. י׳), absolute Isaiah 21:2 (‖ בָּגַד), Isaiah 33:1 (on use of pt. see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 120 b), passive v Isaiah 21:1 (‖ בָּנַד), אַתְּי שָׁדוּד Jeremiah 4:30 (Gf Barth^{NB 179}, but doubtful; < Du שְׁדוּדָה); = despoil, direct object person Jeremiah 49:28; = bring person to ruin Micah 2:4 (infinitive (מקור) absolute + Niph. q.see), Proverbs 11:3; weaker, assail Psalms 17:9; elsewhere participle (בינוני) active as noun devastator (despoiler?): of national foes Isaiah 16:1; Isaiah 21:2; Isaiah 33:1; Jeremiah 6:26 + 8 times Je; שׁוֹדְדֵי לַיְלָה Obadiah 1:5 (‖ גַּנָּבִים) del. Nowack GASm; personal foe Job 15:21; representing wicked in generally Job 12:6 (‖ מַרְגִּיזֵי אֵל).

past (עבר) 1st plural שָׁדוֹד נִשַׁדֻּנוּ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67 u) we are utterly ruined Micah 2:4.

future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular אַל־תְּשַׁדֵּד רִבְצוֹ Proverbs 24:15 assault not his dwelling-place (‖ אַל־תֶּאֱרֹב); participle (בינוני) as noun מְשַׁדֶּד־אָב Proverbs 19:26 he who assaults, maltreats (his) father (‖ יַבְרִיחַ אֵם).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שֻׁדַּד Isaiah 15:1 +, 3rd feminine singular שֻׁדְּדָה Jeremiah 4:20 +, שָׁדְּדָה Nahum 3:7 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 52 q), etc.;—be devastated, of city Isaiah 15:1^(×2); Isaiah 23:1; Jeremiah 48:1; Jeremiah 49:3; Nahum 3:7, country or nation Jeremiah 4:20, compare v Jeremiah 4:13 Jeremiah 9:18; Jeremiah 48:15, Jeremiah 48:20; Jeremiah 49:10, dwellings (אֹהֶל) Jeremiah 4:20; Jeremiah 10:20, trees Zechariah 11:2 (del. Stade^{journal ZAW i (1881), 25}), compare v Jeremiah 49:33, strength of ships Isaiah 23:14, field (by drought) Joel 1:10, crop v Joel 1:10. †Pōʿel violently destroy: future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְשֹׁדֵד מַצֵּבוֹתָם Hosea 10:2 (‖ יַעֲרֹף מִוְבְּחֹתָם).

future (עתיד) (or Qal passive future (עתיד)? compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 53 u) be devastated: 3rd masculine singular בָּל־מִבְצָרֶיךָ יוּשָּׁ֑ד Hosea 10:14 (of Ephr., < We pl. יושׁדו); 2nd masculine singular תּוּשַּׁד Isaiah 33:1 (subj. שׁוֹדֵד, see Qal).

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שֹׁד²

(see below) noun (masc.) violence, havoc, devastation, ruin;—שׁ׳ absolute Hosea 7:13 +; construct Isaiah 22:4 +;—

violence, havoc, as social sin: חָמָס וָשֹׁד Amos 3:10; Jeremiah 6:7; Jeremiah 20:8; Ezekiel 45:9, שׁ׳ וְח׳ Habakkuk 1:3, כָּזָב וָשׁ׳ Hosea 12:2 (l. וָשָׁוְא, Septuagint Wellhausen Marti al.), שׁ׳ יָשֶׁבֶר Isaiah 59:7; Isaiah 60:18; Proverbs 24:2 (‖ עָמָל; שׁ׳ רְשָׁעִים Proverbs 21:7; c. genit. obj. שׁ׳ עֲנִיִּים Psalms 12:6.

devastation, ruin, for nation Hosea 7:13, כְּשֹׁד מִשַּׁדַּי יָבוֹא Isaiah 13:6 (sim. of יוֹם י׳) = Joel 1:15; Isaiah 16:4; (Lo Gratz Cheyne^Haupt Marti שֹׁדֵד; ‖ רֹמֵס), Isaiah 22:4, שׁ׳ וְשֶׁבֶר Isaiah 51:19; Jeremiah 48:3; more generally Amos 5:9^(×2); for individ. Job 5:21 (van d. H. שׁוֹד), v Job 5:22; for beasts Habakkuk 2:17 (+ חֲמַס לְבָנוֹן).—Hosea 10:14 see שׁדד infinitive (מקור)—מִשֹּׁר (הָֽלְכוּ) Hosea 9:6 read אַשּׁוּר Wellhausen Nowack Marti.—ii. שֹׁד, see שׁדה.

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שַׁדַּי

see below אַשְׁדוֹד see p. 78; > here, Gesenius' Thesaurus al.

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שֹׁד³

noun (masc.) the same (compare the rare Arabic ثُدٌ, Lane³³³ Barth^{ZMG xli. 637});—שׁ׳ absolute, of mother Job 24:9; construct (figuratively, c. יָנַק): שׁ׳ מְלָכִים Isaiah 60:16, שׁ׳ תַּנְחֻמֶיהָ Isaiah 66:11, that is the consolations of Jerusalem.

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שְׁדֵיאוּר

n.pr.m. in Reuben (read probably שַׁדַּי אוּר, שׁ׳ is flame, see Noldeke^{ZMG xv (1860), 809} Ne^{Eg.. 46} Gray^{Prop. N. 169, 197});—only in אֱלִיצוּר בֶּן־שׁ׳ Numbers 1:5; Numbers 2:10; Numbers 7:30, Numbers 7:35; Numbers 10:18 (all P); Σεδιουρ.

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שִׁדָּה

noun (fem.) meaning unknown;—only s. et plural שִׁדָּה וְשִׁדּוֹת Ecclesiastes 2:8, apparently appos. of תַּעֲנֻגוֹת (Septuagint οἰνοχόον καὶ οἰνοχόας, that is שֹׁדֶה וְשֹׁדוֹת, from Aramaic שְׁדָא pour out [but not spec. of wine]; Aq κυλίκιον καὶ κυλίκια (compare Vulgate), probably from same √; Delitzsch ^{Prol. 97} Konig ^{ii. 1. 161} Wildeb Siegf cp. Assyrian šadâdu, love (Siegf ‘Haremsperlen’), but this word lacks evidence; poss. שָׂרָה וְשָׂרוֹת, see i. שָׂרָה).

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שַׁדַּי²

noun (masc.) dei (etym. doubtful (1) Aq Sym Theod ἱκανός; Rabb שֶׁ־ + דַּי (self-)sufficient, no moderns. (2)= almighty, √ שׁדד + י = Gesenius' Thesaurus De Dillmann Stade, or √ שׁדה = שׁדד, n. intens. Ewald's Hebrew Grammar § 155 c, but שׁדד (q.see) is deal violently not simply mightily; compare Septuagint παντοκράτωρ 14 (15) times (but in Pent. אל שׁ׳ is ὁ Θεός μου, σου, etc.), Vulgate mostly omnipotens. (3) < conject. for orig. שֵׁדַי (see שֵׁד) my sovereign lord, ‖ אֲדֹנָי, בעלי Noldeke^{SBA 1880, 775; ZMG xlii (1888), 481}; Hoffmann^{Phoenician Inscr. 53}; used of foreign deities (Deuteronomy 32:17), and so discredited (compare בַּעַל).—> other conjunction, for example Robertson Smith^{OTJC, 424} √ שׁדה pour forth (God as rain-giver); Delitzsch^{Pr 96 followed by} Assyrian šadûʾ, high, ilu šadûʾa, Cheyne^{Comm. Is ii. 148}, or šadû, mountain, also in n.pr.; see further Driver ^{Gn 404 ff.});—

שַׁדַּי Numbers 24:4, Numbers 24:16 (JE, poem), and so as archaism Ruth 1:20, Ruth 1:21 Psalms 68:15; Psalms 91:1 Joel 1:15 = Isaiah 13:6; Ezekiel 1:24 (del. Co); especially Job 5:17 + 30 times Jb (+ Job 19:29 Ewald Dillmann, reading שׁ׳ for שׁדין).

אֵל שַׁדַּי Genesis 49:25 (poem; so read for אֵת שׁ׳, see Sam. Septuagint Peshitta Saad, Hebrew Codd.), and so, as archaism, divine name of patriarchs in P, Genesis 17:1; Genesis 28:3; Genesis 35:11; Genesis 48:3; Exodus 6:3; Genesis 43:14 (R^P); so Ezekiel 10:5 (del. Co; but Septuagint Σαδδαι).

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שְׁדֵפָה

noun (fem.) blighted or blasted thing;—וּשׁ׳ לִפְנֵי קָמָה II Kings 19:26 a blasted thing before (the) standing grain, that is before maturity (> שְׁדֵמָה field, as ‖ Isaiah 37:27, compare Dillmann), but improb.; Th proposes וּשׁ׳ ל׳ קָדִים; Kittel שְׁדֻף הַקָּדִים; Wellhausen (and most since) וּשְׁדֵכָּֽה ׃ לְפָנַי קֻמְךָ וגו׳ (Cheyne: וּשְׁפָיִים, for וּשְׁדֵפָה).

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שִׁדָּפוֹן

noun (masc.) smut, on crops (Lagarde^{BN 202} Vogelst^{Landwirthsch. 56});—שׁ׳ absolute + יֵרָקוֹן Amos 4:9, compare Haggai 2:17, Deuteronomy 28:22 I Kings 8:37 = II Chronicles 6:28.

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שַׁדְרַךְ

n.pr.m. Bab. name given to חֲנַנְיָה, one of Daniel’s comrades Daniel 1:7 (from and meaning doubtful; Delitzsch (compare COT Driver) Šudur-Aku, command of Aku; Jen^{Th LZ 1895, 329} thinks Pers. [*Khšatraka]; Kohler^{ZA iv (1889), 50} conjunction מרדך, so Winckler^{Altor. Forsch. iii. 47. 57} Zim^{Schrader's Keilinschriften3. 396}).

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שֵׁשׁ

noun (masc.) et f.six;—m. שֵׁשׁ (c. noun (fem.)) Genesis 31:41 + 120 times; f. שִׁשָּׁה (c. noun (masc.)) Genesis 30:20 + 39 times; construct שֵׁ֫שֶׁת Exodus 23:12 + 30 times (6 + 10 = 16 are additional);—six (Hex chiefly P):

no other num.:

bef. n.plural 75 times: for example שֵׁשׁ שָׁנִים Exodus 21:2 + 11 times, שֵׁשׁ אַמּוֹת I Samuel 17:4 + 8 times; שֵׁשׁ בָּאַמָּה †I Kings 6:6; שִׁשָּׁה בָּנִים Genesis 30:20 + 2 times; שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים Exodus 23:12 + 14 times; after n. (late) †Exodus 28:2 Joshua 15:59, Joshua 15:62 (all P), I Chronicles 4:27; I Chronicles 26:17; Nehemiah 5:18; rarely n. om. Leviticus 24:6 + (distrib. II Samuel 21:20 = I Chronicles 20:6).

= ordin. שְׁנַת שֵׁשׁ לְחִזְק׳ II Kings 18:10 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 134 o).

16, c. noun (fem.): שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה, bef. נָ֑פֶשׁ Genesis 46:18, שָׁנָה II Kings 13:10 + 9 times, בָּנוֹת II Chronicles 13:21; after עָרִים Joshua 15:41; Joshua 19:22; c. noun (masc.) שִׁשָׁה עָשָׂר, bef. אֲדָנִים Exodus 26:25; Exodus 36:30, also אֶלֶף, 1000, Numbers 31:40 +; after בָּנִים I Chronicles 4:27, etc.; = ordin. 16th I Chronicles 24:14; I Chronicles 25:23 +, יוֹם שׁ׳ ע׳ II Chronicles 29:17.

600 = שֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת, Genesis 7:6 + 63 times; 6000 = שֵׁשֶׁת אֲלָפִים Numbers 3:34 + 8 times; שׁ׳ אֶלֶף Judges 20:15 + 2 times

c. tens, שׁ׳ following Genesis 46:26 + 13 times, precedes Numbers 31:44.

שׁ׳ as round no., חָמֵשׁ אוֹ־שׁ׳ II Kings 13:19, compare Job 5:19 Proverbs 6:16.

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שִׁשִּׁי

m.₂₂ שִׁשִׁית f.₆ adjectivenum. ordin. sixth;—(הַ)יוֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁי Genesis 1:31 + 5 times, etc.; בַּשָּׁנָה הַשִּׁשִּׁית Leviticus 25:21 Ezekiel 8:1, etc.; construct שִׁשִּׁית הַהִין Ezekiel 4:11 6th part of the hin, compare Ezekiel 45:13; Ezekiel 46:14; read שׁ׳ also Ezekiel 45:13 (see [שִׁשָּׁה] infra).

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שִׁשִּׁים

n. indecl. sixty;—bef. n. singular: city Deuteronomy 3:4 + 4 times, cubit I Kings 6:2 Ezekiel 40:14, man II Kings 25:19 = Jeremiah 52:25, day Leviticus 12:5, etc.; n.plural בָּנוֹת II Chronicles 11:21, compare Song of Songs 3:7; after n.plural Numbers 7:88^(×3) II Chronicles 3:3; II Chronicles 11:21 +; שִׁשִּׁים אֶלֶף II Chronicles 12:3 +; שׁ׳ following units Genesis 5:15 + 12 times; שׁ׳ precedes unit Isaiah 7:8 + 12 times; שׁ׳ following 100 (1000) Ezra 8:10 + 11 times; precedes Genesis 5:18 + 8 times

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שֹׁ֫הַם

noun (masc.) ^{Job 28:16} a gem, identif. dubious, Vrss vary; onyx or chrysoprasus Ri^{HWB 2, 336 f.} onyx Taylor^{Hast. DB iii. 624}, beryl Ridgeway^{Ency. Bib. 545} malachite Myres^{ib. 4808}, etc.; compare also Driver Genesis 2:12 (√ unknown; perhaps loan-word, compare Assyrian sâmtu Delitzsch^{WB 438});—אֶבֶן הַשּׁ׳ Genesis 2:12 (J; + הַבְּדֹלַח), in land Ḥavilah; אַבְנֵי שׁ׳ Exodus 25:7; Exodus 28:9; Exodus 35:9, Exodus 35:27; Exodus 39:6 (all P), I Chronicles 29:2; אֶבֶן om. Ezekiel 28:13; Exodus 28:20; Exodus 39:13 (both P; all in lists of gems); שׁ׳ יָקָר וְסַפִּיר Job 28:16.

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שֹׁ֫הַם²

n.pr.m. Levite;—שׁ׳ I Chronicles 24:27; Ισ(σ)οαμ, Ιεσσαμ.

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שְׁוָא

n.pr.m.

Calebite I Chronicles 2:49, Σαου, Σουε.

secretary, David’s time II Samuel 20:25 Qr (Kt שׁיא), Ιησους, A Ισους, SeptuagintL Σουσα (see שְׂרָיָה(וּ) 1).

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שׁוא

(√ of following; compare Arabic سَآءَ (med. و) be evil, foul, unseemly; Ethiopic ሰይአ. baseness).

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שָׁוְא

n.[m.] emptiness, vanity;—שׁ׳ absolute Exodus 23:1 + 51 times, שָׁו Job 15:31 (Kt);—

emptiness, nothingness, vanity: שׁ׳ תְּשׁוּעַת אָדָם Psalms 60:13 vain (is) man’s deliverance, = Psalms 108:13; שׁ׳ לָכֶם Psalms 127:2 it is vain (useless) for you; Psalms 89:48 for (עַל) what nothingness hast thou created man? compare שׁ׳ יַרְחֵי Job 7:3; הַבְלֵי שׁ׳ Psalms 31:7 (idols) = Jonah 2:9, compare Jeremiah 18:15; מִנְחַת שׁ׳ Isaiah 1:13 of ineffective offering to י׳; נשׂא לַשּׁ׳ (לֹא) Exodus 20:7^(×2) take up name of God in vain (to no good purpose) = Deuteronomy 5:11^(×2), compare Psalms 24:4; Psalms 139:20 [Masoretic Text lifted up in vain are thy foes; היה שׁ׳ Hosea 12:12 become nothing (Wellhausen עשׂה שׁ׳, and so 3); ראה שׁ׳ Psalms 119:37; adverb לַשּׁ׳ in vain Jeremiah 2:30; Jeremiah 4:30; Jeremiah 6:29; Jeremiah 46:11; שׁ׳ Psalms 127:1^(×2); Malachi 3:14; Job 35:13.

emptiness of speech, שׁ׳ וּדְבַר כָּזָב Proverbs 30:8; דבּר שׁ׳ Psalms 12:3; Psalms 41:7; Psalms 144:8, Psalms 144:11; Isaiah 59:4; Ezekiel 13:8; אָלוֹת שׁ׳ Hosea 10:4 + Hosea 12:2 Septuagint Wellhausen al. (for שֹׁד); הָלַךְ עִם־שׁ׳ Job 31:5 (‖ מִרְמָה); עֵד שׁ׳ Deuteronomy 5:17 = עֵד שָֽׁקֶר Exodus 20:13); compare שֵׁמַע שׁ׳ Exodus 23:1; of false (empty) prophecy חֲזוֹן שׁ׳ Ezekiel 12:24, חָזוּ שׁ׳ Lamentations 2:14; see also Ezekiel 13:6, Ezekiel 13:7, Ezekiel 13:9, Ezekiel 13:23; Ezekiel 21:34; Ezekiel 22:28; Job 35:13 (or empty complaint) Lamentations 2:14^(×2); קסם שׁ׳ Ezekiel 21:28; חֲלמוֹת הַשּׁ׳ Zechariah 10:2.

of conduct, worthlessness (Buhl sub 1, 2); מְתֵי שׁ׳ worthless men Psalms 26:4; Job 11:11; worthless motives (in figuratively) חֵבְלֵי הַשּׁ׳ Isaiah 5:18; נָפַת שׁ׳ Isaiah 30:28 (that is sifting out the worthless; al. sieve of (bringing) disappointment); play on meanings in Job 15:31^(×2), compare Driver^{Job, Psalt. 464}.

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שׁוא²

(√ of following; probably ‖ form of שׁאה).

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שׁוֹא

n.[m.] ravage (?);—plural with suffix שֹׁאֵיהֶם Psalms 35:17 rescue me from their ravages (si vera l.); Septuagint κακουργία; Olshausen Dy Gratz Cheyne^Comm. plausibly שַׁאֲגָם their roaring, compare v Psalms 35:16, Psalms 35:17; Wellhausen Duhm שֹׁאֲגִים.

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שׁוֹאָה

noun (fem.) devastation, ruin, waste;—absolute שׁו׳ Isaiah 10:3 +, שֹׁאָה Isaiah 47:11; Zephaniah 1:15; Job 30:14 (+ Job 38:27 van d. H. Gi, but see Baer’s n.); construct שֹׁאַת Proverbs 3:25;—

devastation, ruin, as coming on person, Isaiah 10:3; Isaiah 47:11 (Babylon personif.), Psalms 35:8; Psalms 63:10; שֹׁאַת רְשָׁעִים Proverbs 3:25 (obj. genit.; ‖ פַּחַד); (יוֹם) שׁ׳ וּמְשׁוֹאָה Zephaniah 1:15; probably = devastating storm, in sim. Ezekiel 38:9 (‖ עָנָן), Proverbs 1:27 (Qr; Kt שׁאוה; ‖ סוּפָה).—Psalms 35:8 read probably שַׁחְתֹּה his pit, Peshitta Wellhausen (compare v Psalms 35:7).

concretely, ruin, waste, of the desert, Job 30:3 (reading אֶרֶץ for אֶמֶשׁ Olshausen; otherwise sub 1), שׁ׳ וּמְשׁוֹאָה Job 38:27 (‖ מִדְבָּר v Job 30:26); = ruins Job 30:14.

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שׁוּב

verb turn back, return (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Hiph. in MI 8 f. 12; Sab. תֿוב, התֿב, especially requite Os^{ZMG xix (1865), 198} SabDenkm^{Noldeke. 20, l. 1} Hom^{Chrest. 122} CIS ^{iv. 81, 1. 9}, etc.; Arabic ثَابَ return, so Aramaic תּוּב, ܬܒ );—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שָׁב Genesis 18:33 +, 3rd feminine singular שָׁ֫בָה Ruth 1:15 +, וְשָׁבַת consec. †Ezekiel 46:17 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 72 o, but Co Toy Krae וְשָׁבָה), 2nd masculine singular שַׁבְתָּ Psalms 85:2, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָשׁוּב Hosea 11:5 + often, יָשֻׁב Psalms 146:4; Lamentations 3:3, juss. יָשֹׁב Judges 7:3 +, וַיָּ֫שָׁב Genesis 26:18 +; 3rd feminine plural תָּשֹׁבְןָ Ezekiel 16:55^(×2), תְּשֻׁבֶינָה v Ezekiel 16:55, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שׁוּב Genesis 31:3 +, שֻׁב Exodus 4:19; I Kings 18:43, שׁוּ֫בָה Hosea 14:2 +, fpl. שֹׁבְנָה Ruth 1:8, Ruth 1:11, Ruth 1:12, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute שׁוֹב Genesis 8:3 +, construct שׁוּב Exodus 4:21 +, שֹׁב Joshua 2:16 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 72 q), etc.; participle (בינוני) שָׁב Genesis 43:18 +, fs. שָׁבָ֫ה Ruth 1:22 +, etc.; passive construct שׁוּבֵי Micah 2:8;—turn back, return:

turn back, c. מִן location Judges 3:19; Judges 8:13, compare Judges 7:3, c. מֵאַחֲרֵי person, that is from following II Samuel 11:15; I Kings 19:21; Ruth 1:16, from pursuing II Samuel 2:26, II Samuel 2:30; I Kings 22:33 = II Chronicles 18:32; c. מִן of pursuit I Samuel 17:53; I Samuel 23:28, compare II Chronicles 11:4; c. אַחֲרֵי person, that is so as to follow I Samuel 15:31 II Samuel 23:10; turn back in fear, מִן rei Job 39:22 (of horse), מִפְנֵי כֹל Proverbs 30:30 (of lion), so absolute (of foes) Psalms 6:11; Psalms 56:10; Psalms 70:4, in shame Lamentations 1:8; turn back and do so and so: Genesis 14:7; Exodus 14:2, compare Numbers 33:7 (עַל location, both P), Joshua 8:21, Joshua 11:10, I Chronicles 21:20, followed by inf. II Chronicles 20:27; absolute turn back (face about) Song of Songs 7:1^(×4) (+ verb); = be repulsed, defeated Psalms 9:4 (+ אָחוֹר), Psalms 74:21; figuratively turn back, viz. from promise or vow Judges 11:35; c. מִן of service Numbers 8:25, that is be exempt.

return, come or go back, c. מֵעַל person I Samuel 17:15 (opposite הלך), II Samuel 10:14; II Kings 18:14, מִן person Joshua 10:31 (+ בְּשָׁלוֹם), מִן location, especially from foreign land II Kings 8:3; II Chronicles 10:2; Ruth 1:6, Ruth 1:22; Ruth 2:6; Ruth 4:3; Jeremiah 31:16; Jeremiah 40:12; Jeremiah 43:5; Jeremiah 44:28; Ezra 6:21; Nehemiah 8:17, מֵהַכּוֹת Genesis 14:17, I Samuel 17:57; I Samuel 18:6; II Samuel 1:1; II Samuel 8:13, מֵאַחֲרֵי that is from pursuing I Samuel 24:2 (Gi v I Samuel 24:1); figuratively, לֹא שׁ׳ מִנִּי חֹשֶׁךְ Job 15:22 (see חֹשֶׁךְ 3 a); עִבְרוּ וָשׁוּבוּ מִשַּׁעַר לָשַׁעַר Exodus 32:27, that is go back and forth from gate to gate, compare (absolute) pt. as noun עֹבֵר וָשָׁב Zechariah 7:14; Zechariah 9:8 and (= all persons) Ezekiel 35:7; also וַיֵּצֵא יָצוֹא וָשׁוֹב Genesis 8:7, רָצוֹא וָשׁוֹב Ezekiel 1:14 (del. Hitzig Co Toy al.; yet see Krae); Genesis 8:3 see הלך 4 c (4).

especially return unto:

go back, אֶל person Numbers 23:5, Numbers 23:16, II Kings 1:6 (‖ הָלַךְ, as often), Exodus 5:22 (J; אֶל־י׳, Exodus 32:31 (E; the same), Numbers 17:15, II Samuel 20:22 (+ direct object location), Jeremiah 46:16 (both + אֶל location), + 17 times; אֶל location also Genesis 21:32; Genesis 28:21 (both E), II Samuel 11:4; Hosea 5:15 (of י׳), II Chronicles 19:1 (+ בְּשָׁלוֹם, + ל person), Esther 2:14 (opposite בּוֹא), Esther 7:8 (+ מִן location), + 27 times; of a dog שׁ׳ עַל־קֵאוֹ Proverbs 26:11; ל location Genesis 18:33, I Samuel 26:25; I Samuel 29:4; I Kings 19:15 (+ -ה location), Genesis 33:16 (J; לְדַרְכּוֹ, + the same), Psalms 7:8 (of י׳), + 25 times; ל person †Ruth 1:10 (לְעַמֵּךְ); -ה location also Genesis 44:13, Exodus 4:20, Exodus 4:21, Exodus 13:17, + 5 times; שָׁם (= שָׁ֫מָּה) Jeremiah 22:27; direct object location also Hosea 8:13; Hosea 9:3; I Samuel 18:2; II Samuel 3:27; II Samuel 15:27 (+ בְּשָׁלוֹם), II Kings 2:25 (+ מִן location), + 15 times; direct object דֶּרֶךָ Ezekiel 46:9; direct object person †Numbers 10:36; אַחֲרֵי person Ruth 1:15; absolute II Samuel 3:16; II Samuel 19:16 (+ בּוֹא), I Kings 18:43; Jeremiah 40:5 (< del. Septuagint Gie Du), Ezekiel 7:13 (del. Septuagint Co Krae al.) +; followed by verb, go back and do so and so, Genesis 43:2; I Samuel 1:19; I Samuel 29:7 (שׁוּב וְלֵךְ בְּשָׁלוֹם), I Kings 13:22; II Chronicles 18:16 (+ בְּשָׁלוֹם) +, (Jeremiah 42:10 read יָשׁוֹב Vrss and mod.); followed by inf. purpose Judges 14:8; II Samuel 6:20 + 10 times

come back, אֶל person Genesis 8:9 (J; + אֶל location), Exodus 24:14, I Samuel 23:23 + II Samuel 17:3 (Septuagint Ewald Th Wellhausen Driver HPS Budde), I Kings 12:15 (opposite הָלַךְ) + 9 times + (in hostility) Judges 20:48; אֶל location also Zechariah 8:3 (subj. י׳); Joshua 22:32 has מֵאֵת person + מִן location + אֶל location + אֶל person; אֶל rei Ezekiel 7:13; עַל person †Nehemiah 4:6 Micah 5:2 (be reunited to); עַל location †I Kings 17:21, I Kings 17:22; ל location Joshua 1:15, Zechariah 1:16 (subj. י׳), II Chronicles 30:9 + (from exile) 5 times; ל animal., Job 39:4; -ה location †Genesis 15:16, Genesis 50:14; direct object location †II Chronicles 19:8; שָׁם Jeremiah 22:11 (opposite יָצָא), שָׁ֫מָּה v Jeremiah 22:27, הֵ֫נָּה Jeremiah 31:8; absolute Genesis 43:10, II Samuel 10:5; II Kings 1:5; Isaiah 21:12 (‖ אָתָה), Job 39:12 (Kt, so Budde Duhm; of wild ox), + often; + בְּשָׁלוֹם Judges 8:9; I Kings 22:28 (שׁוֹב תָּשׁוּב) = II Chronicles 18:27; II Chronicles 18:26; + verb, come back and do so and so, †Deuteronomy 1:45; Deuteronomy 30:8; Jeremiah 37:8; I Kings 19:7; I Kings 20:5; II Kings 9:36 Psalms 60:2 (title), compare Zechariah 4:1; Daniel 11:10, שׁ׳ לָשֶׁבֶת Numbers 35:32, שׁ׳ לָלֶכֶת Ecclesiastes 5:14.

of dying, שׁ׳ אֶל־(הֶ)עָפָר Genesis 3:19^(×2), Psalms 104:29; Ecclesiastes 3:20, עַל־עָפָר Job 34:15; שׁ׳ לְאַדְמָתוֹ Psalms 146:4, compare אָשׁוּב שָׁ֫מָּה (that is בֶּטֶן אִמּוֹ) Job 1:21 (see Dillmann Budde, also Ecclesiastes 5:14); שׁ׳ לִשְׁא֑וֹלָה Psalms 9:18; so probably absolute Psalms 90:3 (> come back to life); of (human) dust, שׁ׳ עַל־הָאָרֶץ Ecclesiastes 12:7; breath, שׁ׳ אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִים v Ecclesiastes 12:7.

of revival from death, שׁ׳ לְבֵיתוֹ Job 7:10, absolute Job 10:21 (opposite הָלַךְ), Job 16:22 (the same), Proverbs 2:19; also c. אֶל person II Samuel 12:23.

figuratively of human relations:

return to leader, king, אֶל person, Judges 11:8; I Kings 12:27^(×2); to divorced wife Jeremiah 3:1 (opposite הלך).

= change so as to approach (in purpose, desire), אֶל־ person Jeremiah 15:19^(×2).

turn, that is resort to, ל person Psalms 119:79.

return to a physical condition Job 33:25 (ל rei); to a state or course of life, ל rei Isaiah 23:17; Ezekiel 16:55^(×3); Nehemiah 9:17 Psalms 85:9 עַל rei Jeremiah 11:10, הֲלוֹם Psalms 73:10 (but crpt.); ב Jeremiah 8:6 (Duhm reads שָׁט for שָׁב).

absolute = change course of action; from good to bad, וַיָּשָׁב וַיִּמְרָד־בּוֹ II Kings 24:1; Jeremiah 34:11, Jeremiah 34:16; bad to good v Jeremiah 34:15; so שׁ׳ alone Job 6:29^(×2) (probably; read וְשׁוּבוּ, so Dillmann Davidson Budde al.; other interpr. De Duhm al.).

pt. passive = averse, שׁוּבֵי מִלְחָמָה Micah 2:8 (> Wellhausen Nowack שׁבִי spoil of war).

figuratively, specif. of spiritual relations:

turn back from God, = apostatize, מֵאַחֲרֵי י׳ Numbers 14:43, I Samuel 15:11; I Kings 9:6 (שׁוֹב תְּשֻׁב֫וּן), Jeremiah 3:19; Numbers 32:15; Joshua 22:16, Joshua 22:18, Joshua 22:23, Joshua 22:29 (all P); absolute (usually + verb) Judges 2:19; Judges 8:33; Joshua 23:12 (R^D), Jeremiah 8:4 Psalms 78:41; II Chronicles 7:19.

of י׳, turn away, מֵאַחֲרֵי person Deuteronomy 23:15.

turn back to God (= seek penitently), אֶל־י׳ Hosea 6:1; Hosea 7:10; Hosea 14:3; Jeremiah 3:7; I Kings 8:33, I Kings 8:48 (בְּכָל־לֵבָב), + 18 times; אֶל־אֱלֹהִים †Hosea 5:4 Psalms 51:15, compare Isaiah 10:21; עַל־י׳ †II Chronicles 15:4; II Chronicles 30:9; עַד־י׳ Amos 4:6, Amos 4:8, Amos 4:9, Amos 4:10, Amos 4:11; Hosea 14:2; Isaiah 9:12 + 5 times; עַד־שַׁדַּי †Job 22:23; לי׳ Isaiah 31:6, שׁ׳ נַפְשִׁי לִמְנוּחָ֑יְכִי Psalms 116:7; compare לַבַּעַל Hosea 7:16 (for לֹא עַל, Nowack, compare Marti); לְתוֹכַחְתִּי Proverbs 1:23 (probably del., see Toy).

absolute repent, Hosea 3:5; Hosea 11:5; Isaiah 6:10; Isaiah 10:22; Jeremiah 3:7, Jeremiah 3:12, Jeremiah 3:14, Jeremiah 3:22; Jeremiah 4:1; Jeremiah 5:3 + 14 times, + pt. as noun Isaiah 1:27.

turn back from evil, c. מִן (especially Je Ez) I Kings 8:35; I Kings 13:33; Jeremiah 15:7; Jeremiah 18:8 + 8 times Je, Ezekiel 3:19; Ezekiel 13:22 + 12 times Ez, + 9 times; compare שָׁבֵי פֶשַׁע Isaiah 59:20; שׁוּבוּ וְהָשִׁיבוּ מִן Ezekiel 18:30, so c. מֵעַל Ezekiel 14:6; from good, c. מִן, †Ezekiel 3:20; Ezekiel 18:24, Ezekiel 18:26; Ezekiel 33:18.

of י׳, שׁ׳ מֵחֲרוֹן אַפּוֹ Exodus 32:12, Deuteronomy 13:18; Joshua 7:26, II Kings 23:26; Jonah 3:9; שׁ׳ מִמֶּנּוּ אַף־י׳ Hosea 14:5; Jeremiah 2:35; Jeremiah 4:8; Numbers 25:4, II Chronicles 12:12; II Chronicles 29:10; II Chronicles 30:8, so (man’s anger) Genesis 27:45 and (absolute) v Genesis 27:44; absolute of אַף־י׳ Isaiah 5:25; Isaiah 9:11, Isaiah 9:16, Isaiah 9:20; Isaiah 10:4; Isaiah 12:1; Jeremiah 23:20 (opposite יָצָא v Jeremiah 23:19), Jeremiah 30:24 Job 14:13; Daniel 9:16.

of י׳, return (to shew favour), אֶל person †Genesis 18:10 (+ inf. absolute), v Genesis 18:14 Zechariah 1:3; Malachi 3:7; II Chronicles 30:6, absolute Isaiah 63:17 Psalms 80:15 (‖ הִבִּיט, פָּקַד), Psalms 90:13, + verb Jeremiah 12:15 Psalms 6:5 Joel 2:14 Jonah 3:9; also in hostility, + verb Joshua 24:20, c. inf. purpose Hosea 11:9.

of י׳, turn back from (מִן) judgment Jeremiah 4:28, אֱמֶת Psalms 132:11; מֵאַחֲרֵי person, that is cease to bless, Jeremiah 32:40.

of inanimate things (sometimes personified, or treated as things of life):

as perceptibly moving, water Genesis 8:3 (J; מֵעַל location), Joshua 4:18 (J; ל location), Exodus 14:26 (P; עַל person), v Exodus 14:28 (P; + verb), Psalms 104:9 (ל inf.), sea Exodus 14:27 (J; לְאֵיתָנוֹ); wind Psalms 78:39 (opposite הלך), Ecclesiastes 1:6 (עַל location); shadow II Kings 20:9, II Kings 20:10 (+ אֲחֹרַנִּית), ‖ Isaiah 38:8 (sun on dial), of breath (= revive) Judges 15:19; I Samuel 30:12 (אֶל person); clouds Ecclesiastes 12:2 (מִן temp.); rain and snow Isaiah 55:10 (ה location); rolling stone Proverbs 26:27; sword II Samuel 1:22 (מִן rei), Ezekiel 21:10, arrow Jeremiah 50:9; of plague-spot = re-appear, Leviticus 14:43.

= be brought back, Genesis 43:18, I Samuel 5:11 (ל location), hence be restored, ל person Ezekiel 46:17, so of kingdom I Kings 12:26, city I Samuel 7:14 (Ezekiel 35:9 see ישׁב 4), field Leviticus 27:24; of animal Deuteronomy 28:31.

= be turned into, ל rei, Isaiah 29:17; = be turned back into, עַד rei, Micah 1:7.

return, figuratively of word, (1) Isaiah 45:23, c. אֶל person Isaiah 55:11 (both opposite יָצָא); (2) Psalms 35:13 my prayer turned upon (עַל) my bosom (was uttered with bowed head, De Bae Duhm).

turn away, depart, of infamy Proverbs 25:10.

return (in recompense), of crime, evil, etc., c. בְּרֹאשׁ I Kings 2:33; Obadiah 1:15 Psalms 7:17, עַל־רֹאשׁ Esther 9:25, ל person Psalms 54:7 (Kt; > Qr Hiph.), Proverbs 12:14.

Psalms 94:15 judgment (-giving) shall return to (עַד) righteousness (be in accord therewith).

of boundary, = change (sometimes reverse) direction, -ה location Joshua 19:12 (+ מִן location), v Joshua 19:34 (+ direct object location), direct object location also v Joshua 19:27, Joshua 19:29 (+ עַד location), v Joshua 19:29.

be restored to healthy condition, of withered hand I Kings 13:6^(×2) (אֶל person), leprous hand Exodus 4:7 (J; c. כ comp.), flesh II Kings 5:10 (ל person), v II Kings 5:14; Leviticus 13:16 (‖ נֶהְפַּךְ לְלָבָן).

denoting repetition, etc. (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 120 d g): + verb, return (and) do = do again, Genesis 26:18; Genesis 30:31; Numbers 11:4 (all J), Judges 19:7; I Samuel 3:5, I Samuel 3:6; I Kings 13:33; I Kings 19:6; II Kings 1:11, II Kings 1:13; II Kings 19:9; II Kings 21:3 = II Chronicles 33:3; Jeremiah 18:4; Jeremiah 36:28; Zechariah 5:1; Zechariah 6:1; Malachi 1:4; Job 10:16; Job 17:10 Psalms 7:13; Daniel 9:25, perhaps also II Chronicles 19:4; compare Isaiah 6:13 = it, in turn, shall be destroyed (destruction shall be repeated in its case), Lamentations 3:3 appar. = do repeatedly; שׁ׳ + infinitive (מקור) absolute Ecclesiastes 4:1, Ecclesiastes 4:7; Ecclesiastes 9:11; in compar. עוֹד תָּשׁוּב תִּרְאֶה Ezekiel 8:6 thou shalt see yet greater abominations, so v Ezekiel 8:13 and (מִן comp.) v Ezekiel 8:15; שׁ׳ + infinitive (מקור) construct Deuteronomy 24:4; Deuteronomy 30:9; Joshua 5:2 (R^D), Jeremiah 36:28; Ezekiel 8:17; Ezra 9:14; Nehemiah 9:28; Job 7:7; Ecclesiastes 1:7: = reverse one’s action, + verb Joshua 2:23, Hosea 2:11; II Kings 13:25; Deuteronomy 30:3; Micah 7:19; Zechariah 8:15 Psalms 71:20^(×2); Psalms 85:7; = restore to original condition by doing, + verb Deuteronomy 23:14.

trans., peculiarly, in phr. שׁ׳ שְׁבוּת restore captivity of, etc., c. 21 times (see שְׁבוּת sub שָׁבָה); שׁ׳ י׳ צִיּוֹן Isaiah 52:8, שׁ׳ c. with suffix person Psalms 85:5; elsewhere only וְשָׁב י׳ אֶת־גְּאוֹן יַעֲקֹב וגו׳ Nahum 2:3, compare Hiph. 9.

bring back, past (עבר) 1st singular וְשֹׁבַבְתִּ֫י, with a direct object person + אֶל location Jeremiah 50:19 (י׳ subj.), infinitive (מקור) construct with suffix בְּשׁוֹבְבִי, c. מִן location Ezekiel 39:27 and (figuratively) לְשׁוֹבֵב, c. אֶל person Isaiah 49:5; future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular תְּשׁוֹבֵב לָנוּ Psalms 60:3 = take us back into power.

figuratively restore, refresh, 3rd masculine singular נַפְשִׁי יְשׁוֹבֵב Psalms 23:3 (י׳ subj.); compare Hiph. 2 b.

restore, repair, participle (בינוני) מְשׁוֹבֵב נְתִיבוֹח לָשָׁ֑בֶת Isaiah 58:12.

lead away (enticingly), past (עבר) 1st singular with suffix (of Gog), י׳ subj., וְשׁוֹבַבְתִּיךָ Ezekiel 38:4 (del. Co), וְשֹׁ׳ Ezekiel 39:2; so figuratively 3rd feminine singular with suffix וְדַעְתֵּךְ הִיא שׁוֹבְבָ֑תֶךְ Isaiah 47:10 (of Bab.);—Jeremiah 50:6 see Qal.

shew turning = apostatize (compare Hiph. 8), past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular שׁוֹבְבָה Jeremiah 8:5 (read שׁוֹבֵב, and del. ירושׁלם, c. Septuagint).—Vid. also שׁוֹבֵב infra.

participle (בינוני) f. מְשׁוֹבֶ֫בֶת Ezekiel 38:8 a land restored + מִן rei.—Vid. also שׁוֹבָב infra.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular Genesis 41:13 +; with suffix וַהֲשִׁיבְךָ Genesis 40:13, וֶהֱשִׁיבְךָ Deuteronomy 28:68; 2nd masculine singular הֱשִׁיבוֹתָ Psalms 85:4, וַהֲשֵׁבֹתָ֫ Deuteronomy 4:39; Deuteronomy 30:1, with suffix וַהֲשֵׁיבוֹתָם II Chronicles 6:25; 1st singular consec. וַהֲשִׁיב֫וֹתִי Amos 1:8, וַהֲשִׁבֹתִ֫י Numbers 22:8 +, with suffix וְהוֹשְׁבוֹתִים Zechariah 10:6 (but read וַהֲשִׁבוֹתִים, see ישׁב Hiph.), etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָשִׁיב Exodus 21:34 +, (read יָשִׁב Daniel 11:18, Daniel 11:19 > Qr v Daniel 11:18 יָשֵׂם), וַיָּ֫שֶׁב Genesis 20:14 +; with suffix יְשִׁבֵנִי II Samuel 15:8 +, וַיְשִׁיבֵם II Chronicles 19:4 + I Samuel 12:8 Vrss Wellhausen Driver al.; 3rd feminine plural תָּשֵׁבְנָה Job 20:10, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. הָשֵׁב Genesis 20:7 +, הָשֵׁיב II Kings 8:6, הָשַׁ֑ב Isaiah 42:22, so הָשַׁ֖ב Ezekiel 21:35 (see Ke and still Toy; Ewald Smend Krae infinitive (מקור) absolute הָשֵׁב), הָשִׁיבָה Judges 11:13 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute הָשֵׁב Exodus 23:4 +; construct הָשִׁיב Genesis 42:35 +, etc.; participle (בינוני) מֵשִׁיב Genesis 20:7 +, etc.;—cause to return, bring back:

with a direct object person + אֶל location Genesis 24:5 (J; הֶהָשֵׁב אָשִׁיב), Genesis 28:15, Genesis 42:37, Genesis 48:21, +; especially from exile I Kings 8:34 = II Chronicles 6:25; Jeremiah 27:22 + 5 times Je; + אֶל person I Kings 22:26 = II Chronicles 18:25; + עַל location Jeremiah 16:15; Jeremiah 23:3; Jeremiah 24:6; + ל location Jeremiah 12:15; + direct object location II Samuel 15:8 (read הָשֵׁב יְשִׁבֵנִי Vrss Th Wellhausen Driver al.), Deuteronomy 28:68; Ezekiel 29:14; Ezekiel 47:6; II Chronicles 33:13, etc.; + מִן location Jeremiah 41:16; Zechariah 10:10, מֵאֵת person Jeremiah 41:16, מִן inf. II Chronicles 25:13; direct object person only Judges 19:3; I Kings 13:20, I Kings 13:23 +; bring back into bondage, etc., Jeremiah 34:11, Jeremiah 34:16; = allow to return Jeremiah 15:19; direct object person + rei (= recover, recapture), Jeremiah 28:6 (+ אֶל location, מִן location); = recover, rescue, Genesis 14:16 (direct object person + rei), Psalms 35:17 (direct object נַפְשִׁי, מִן rei); direct object rei + אֶל person Genesis 44:8, + עַל person Exodus 15:9 (song), Proverbs 20:26; + אֶל location I Kings 14:28 = II Chronicles 12:11; Jeremiah 28:3; II Chronicles 24:11; direct object of hand, אֶל־פֶּה I Samuel 14:27; Proverbs 19:24 Proverbs 26:15; especially of י׳’s hand, in judgment, followed by עַל Amos 1:8; Isaiah 1:25; Zechariah 13:7 Psalms 81:15, also of man’s hand Jeremiah 6:9; Ezekiel 38:12; + direct object location II Samuel 15:25, II Samuel 15:29; + שָׁם Nehemiah 13:9; direct object rei alone Genesis 43:12, Genesis 43:21 (both בְּיֶדְכֶם), Genesis 14:16 (= recapture), I Samuel 6:21; I Samuel 30:19; I Kings 13:29 (corpse), Leviticus 26:26; with a direct object animal. I Samuel 6:7 (מֵאַחֲרֵי), Ezekiel 34:4, Ezekiel 34:16 (figuratively); shadow on dial II Kings 20:11 = Isaiah 38:8.—Job 39:12 see Qal 3 b.

put back: direct object rei, stone, עַל־פִּי הַבְּאֵר Genesis 29:3, veil עַל־פָּנָיו Exodus 34:35, Dagon לִמְקוֹמוֹ I Samuel 5:3, rod לִפְנֵי הָעֵדוּת Numbers 17:25, sword, + אֶל of sheath, I Chronicles 21:27; Ezekiel 21:35 (direct object om.); hand אֶל־חֵיק Exodus 4:7^(×2) (J; opposite הוֹצִיא).

= draw back, hand Genesis 38:29, I Kings 13:4 (opposite שָׁלַח; + אֶל reflex.), Joshua 8:26 (E; opposite נטה), so figuratively, י׳ subj. Lamentations 2:3 (מִפְּנֵי, אָחוֹר), Psalms 74:11; c. מִן = refrain from Lamentations 2:8; Exodus 18:8, Exodus 18:17 (that is from oppressing), Exodus 20:19 (מִן om.); foot, c. מִן Isaiah 58:13 (figuratively); draw in breath Job 9:18.

= give back, restore, direct object person vel rei: + ל person Genesis 20:14, v Genesis 20:7 (E; direct object om.), Exodus 23:4 (E; הָשֵׁב תָּשִׁיב), Deuteronomy 22:1 (the same; both direct object animal.), Deuteronomy 24:13 (the same), Exodus 22:25, Judges 17:3^(×2), Judges 17:4; I Samuel 12:3; II Samuel 9:7; Deuteronomy 22:2, Nehemiah 5:11, so II Samuel 16:3; I Kings 12:21 = II Chronicles 11:1 (all direct object of kingdom), with a direct object צְדָקָה Job 33:26; + אֶל person Genesis 37:22 (E; direct object person); + אֶל location Genesis 42:25; direct object rei only, II Kings 8:6; Ezekiel 18:7 (read infinitive (מקור) absolute שׁוֹב for חוֹב, Co Toy Krae), Ezekiel 18:12; Ezekiel 33:15; Leviticus 5:23, Numbers 5:7 (P; + בְּרֹאשׁוֹ = in full), Psalms 69:5 (opposite גָּזַל), so of land (or city) Judges 11:13; I Kings 20:34; Nehemiah 5:12, compare II Kings 14:28 (+ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל), II Kings 16:6 (+ לַאֲרָם); = win back II Kings 13:25; II Kings 14:22 (+ ל terr.) = II Chronicles 26:2, boundary (that is re-establish it) II Kings 14:25; restore ruined city Daniel 9:25 (+ לִבְנוֹת), conquered nation Psalms 80:4, Psalms 80:8, Psalms 80:20; joy, direct object + ל person Psalms 51:14.—II Samuel 8:3 see יָד 2.—Acc. person only, Genesis 20:7, Isaiah 42:22; restore to office, direct object person + עַל Genesis 40:13, Genesis 40:21, אֶל location II Samuel 19:12, direct object person only, II Samuel 19:11, II Samuel 19:13, II Samuel 19:44, compare Isaiah 1:26; = pay back money, Leviticus 25:27 (ל person), v Leviticus 25:51, Leviticus 25:52.

= relinquish, with a direct object rei, Job 20:10.

= give in payment, requital, with a direct object rei + appos. I Samuel 6:8 (ל person), v I Samuel 6:17 (the same; compare טְחוֹר); also pay as tribute (in answer to demand), direct object rei II Kings 17:3 Psalms 72:10, + ל person II Kings 3:4; II Chronicles 27:5; give in exchange Ezekiel 27:15.

bring one back (from dead) II Samuel 12:23, so c. מִנִּי Job 33:30; on other hand, אֶל־עָפָר Job 10:9 = מָוֶת (direct object) Job 30:23, compare עַד־דַּכָּא Psalms 90:3.

bring back heart, לֵב, עַל person Malachi 3:24; הֲשִׁיבֵנוּ י׳ אֵלֶיךָ Lamentations 5:21 (< Bu restore, del. אליך); הֵשִׁיב אֶל־י׳ Nehemiah 9:26 (compare v Nehemiah 9:29), II Chronicles 19:4; II Chronicles 24:19, also (מִן of evil) Jeremiah 23:22, absolute Jeremiah 31:18.

direct object נֶפֶשׁ = refresh Lamentations 1:11, Lamentations 1:16, Lamentations 1:19 Psalms 19:8 Proverbs 25:13; Ruth 4:15.

bring back words of people, אֶל־י׳ Exodus 19:8; then, in generally, bring back word, דָּבָר, report to, + direct object person Genesis 37:14; Numbers 13:26; Numbers 22:8 (all E), Deuteronomy 1:22, Deuteronomy 1:25; Joshua 14:7 (R^D), Joshua 22:32, + 8 times; = answer I Samuel 17:30; II Samuel 3:11; I Kings 12:6 = II Chronicles 10:6 + 6 times, + (direct object מִלִּין) Job 35:4; also (דָּבָר om.) Job 13:22; Job 20:2; Job 33:5, Job 33:32; II Chronicles 10:16; Nehemiah 6:4 (כַּדָּבָר הַזֶּה); direct object אֲמָרִים + ל person Judges 5:29; Proverbs 22:21; later c. ל person alone I Samuel 12:3; c. cl. orat. recta, אֶל person Esther 4:13, Esther 4:15; similar phrases, Ezekiel 9:11; Proverbs 18:13; Proverbs 24:26; Proverbs 26:16; Habakkuk 2:1; Job 31:14; Job 32:14 (Gi v Job 32:15), Job 40:4.

bring back (in retribution), compare Qal 7 f) upon, subj. often י׳, direct object of evil, Judges 9:56, בְּרֹאשׁ Judges 9:57; I Samuel 25:39; I Kings 2:44; Joel 4:4, Joel 4:7, עַל־רֹאשׁ I Kings 2:32, אֶל־רֹאשׁ Nehemiah 3:36; ל person Genesis 50:15, I Samuel 6:3 (הָשֵׁב תָּשִׁיבוּ), v I Samuel 6:4 I Samuel 25:21 (return evil for good), +, etc.; absolute = make requital, ל person II Chronicles 6:23 + (כ comp.) Hosea 12:3; Proverbs 24:12, Proverbs 24:29; †with a direct object of good, ל person I Samuel 26:23; II Samuel 16:12; Zechariah 9:12; c. כ comp. + ל person Psalms 18:21, Psalms 18:25 = II Samuel 22:21, II Samuel 22:25, and (כ comp. only) II Chronicles 32:25; requite י׳’s benefits, direct object rei + לי׳ Psalms 116:12, compare Numbers 18:9.

pay as recompense, כֶּסֶף יָשׁ׳ לִבְעָלָיו Exodus 21:34; so (figuratively) of י׳, הֵשׁ׳ נָקָם לְ Deuteronomy 32:41, Deuteronomy 32:43, לְהָשׁ׳ בְּחֵמָה אַפּוֹ Isaiah 66:15.

turn back, backward = repel, defeat, c. אֶת־פְּנֵי II Kings 18:24 = Isaiah 36:9, direct object מִלְחָמָה Isaiah 28:6, direct object of sword Psalms 89:44, direct object person + אָחוֹר Psalms 44:11 (+ מִנִּי person), Isaiah 44:25 (figuratively, = refute, confute), figuratively of calamity Lamentations 1:13; = repulse, hinder Jeremiah 2:24, especially direct object Isaiah 14:27 (יַד־י׳), compare Isaiah 43:13, Job 9:12; Job 11:10; Job 23:13; = reject, refuse, (אֶת־)פְּנֵי פ׳ I Kings 2:16, I Kings 2:17, I Kings 2:20^(×2) II Chronicles 6:42 Psalms 132:10.

turn away face, figuratively, + מֵעַל rei Ezekiel 14:6; direct object person + מִן rei Malachi 2:6; anger of י׳ (direct object) + מֵעַל person Numbers 25:11, Proverbs 24:18, מִן person Jeremiah 18:20 Ezra 10:14; direct object only, Job 9:13 Psalms 78:38; Psalms 106:23; direct object of human anger Proverbs 15:1; Proverbs 29:8.

late, turn toward, direct object face, ל location Daniel 11:18, Daniel 11:19, direct object foot, אֶל rei Psalms 119:59 (figuratively).

turn against, אֶל־אֵל, with a direct object רוּחֶ֑ךָ Job 15:13.

לֵב, הֵשׁ׳ אֶל־לֵבָב bring back to mind, take into consideration, with a direct object Lamentations 3:21, followed by cl. with כִּ׳ Deuteronomy 4:39 (compare Driver), obj. om. Deuteronomy 30:1; I Kings 8:47 = II Chronicles 6:37, Isaiah 44:19, + (עַל) Isaiah 46:8.

הֵשִׁיב אֶת־שְׁבוּת פ׳ Jeremiah 32:44; Jeremiah 33:7, Jeremiah 33:11; Jeremiah 49:6; Lamentations 2:14; Ezekiel 39:25 + (Qr Hiph., Kt Qal) Jeremiah 33:26; Jeremiah 49:39; Joel 4:1 (see Qal 9).

Hiph. declar., הָשׁ׳ מֵעַל Ezekiel 14:6 = shew a turning away from your idols (that is turn away), compare (מִן) Ezekiel 18:30, absolute הָשׁ׳ וִחְיוּ v Ezekiel 18:32; of י׳, השׁ׳ מֵחֲרוֹן אַפֶּ֑ךָ Psalms 85:4 (but read probably הֲשִׁיבוֹתָה חֲרוֹן א׳ [6 a supra]); perhaps in physical sense Jonah 1:13 (אֶל location; Wellhausen Nowack sc. אֳנִיָּה, etc.).

reverse, revoke, direct object (with suffix) rei, that is judgment, Amos 1:3, Amos 1:6, Amos 1:9, Amos 1:11, Amos 1:13; Amos 2:1, Amos 2:4, Amos 2:6; blessing Numbers 23:20 (poem in E), edict Esther 8:5, Esther 8:8.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הוּשֵׁב Genesis 42:28 my money has been returned! compare participle (בינוני) הַכֶּסֶף הַמּוּשָׁב Genesis 43:12 (both J); הַמּ׳ לי׳ Numbers 5:8 the אָשָׁם which is restored to י׳; plural מוּשָׁבִים Jeremiah 27:16 the vessels are about to be brought back, c. מִן location; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיּוּשַׁב אֶת־מֹשֶׁה Exodus 10:8 (J; compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 121 a, b) Moses was brought back, c. אֶל person

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שׁוֹבָב

adjective backturning, recusant, apostate (perhaps for מְשׁוֹבָב, participle (בינוני) Pōʿl. Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 251 b Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 52 s Konig^{i. 454});—שׁ׳ Isaiah 57:17; plural שׁוּבוּ בָּנִים שׁוֹבָבִים Jeremiah 3:14, Jeremiah 3:22.—שׁובבים Jeremiah 50:6 Kt < Qr שׁוֹבְבוּם Septuagint Comm., compare √ Pōʿl.

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שׁוֹבָב²

n.pr.m. Σωβαβ, etc.:

son of David II Samuel 5:14 = I Chronicles 14:4; I Chronicles 3:5.

son of Caleb I Chronicles 2:18.

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שׁוּבָאֵל

see שְׁבוּאֵל (compare Sab. n.pr. תֿובאל Os^{ZMG xix (1865), 198 n.} Hal ⁴⁸⁵ DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 16}).

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שׁוֹבַךְ

n.pr.m. Aramaean general, II Samuel 10:16, II Samuel 10:18 (Σωβακ, SeptuagintL Σαβεε), = שׁוֹפַךְ I Chronicles 19:16, I Chronicles 19:18 (Σωφαρ, Σαφαθ; A Σωφαχ, Σωβαχ, SeptuagintL Σωφακ).

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שׁוֹבָל²

n.pr. see שׁבל.

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שׁוֹבָק

n.pr. see שׁבק.

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שָׁוָה

verb (be even, smooth, see Pi., hence) agree with, be like, resemble (Arabic سوى ii. make even, flat, uniform (with something else); Aramaic שְׁוָא (der. spec.) be like, ܫܘܳܐ be equal, fit, like, Pa. lay out smoothly, Aph. make plain, fit, worthy);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular לֹא שׁ׳ לִי Job 33:27 (si vera l.) it was not equalled to me, that is (see infra; according to most) not requited (so De Dillmann Davidson, and Isaiah 16:6 Targum); Budde אֵל לֹא שִׁוָּה God did not requite (or שִׁלֵּם for שׁוה); Duhm לֹא שִׁוָּה כַעֲוֹנִי (compare Septuagint); future (עתיד) 1st singular of י׳, אֶל־מִי … אֶשְׁוֶה Isaiah 40:25 to whom shall I be like? (‖ תְּדַמְּיוּנִי), implying that he is incomp.; 3rd masculine plural לֹא יִשְׁווּ־בָהּ Proverbs 3:15 are not comparable with her (wisdom), so Proverbs 8:11; 2nd masculine singular פֶּן־תִּשְׁוֶה־לוֹ Proverbs 26:4 lest thou be like him (a fool); participle (בינוני) שֹׁוֶה בְּ Esther 7:4 is not an equivalent for; c. לְ, suitable for Esther 3:8, so Esther 1:22 Hitzig Or Ry^Kau (reading כֹּל שֹׁוֶה עִמּוֹ for כִּלְשׁוֹן עַמּוֹ, but see Siegf.); adequate for Esther 5:13.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שִׁוָּה Isaiah 28:25 he hath levelled its (the ground’s) surface; 1st singular שִׁוִּיתִי וְדוֹמַמְתִּי נַפְשִׁי Psalms 131:2 I have smoothed (composed) and stilled my soul; so, sc. נַפְשִׁי Isaiah 38:13 Vulgate Gesenius De al., Houb Lo Cheyne Duhm al. read שִׁוַּעְתִּי I cried; direct object מִשְׁפָּטִים Psalms 119:30 accounted suitable, meet (‖ דֶּרֶךְ אֱמוּנָה בָּחָ֑רְתִּי), Hitzig, compare Gratz v Psalms 119:128 (see Qal Esther 3:8); Wellhausen ins. לְנֶגְדִּי (II. שׁ׳, compare Psalms 16:8); Zenner Duhm אִוִּיתִי.

make like: future (עתיד) 1st singular מָה אַשְׁוֶה־לָךְ Lamentations 2:13 (‖ אֲדַמֶּה); 2nd masculine plural לְמִי תְדַמְּיוּנִי וְתַשְׁווּ Isaiah 46:5 (compare Qal Isaiah 40:25).

(appar.) past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular נִשְׁתָּ֑וָה (for נִשְׁתְּוָה) Proverbs 27:15 are alike, but read probably Niph. 3rd feminine singular נִשְׁוָ֑תָה Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 75 x Toy al.—תשׁוה Job 30:22 Kt see II. שׁוא.

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שָׁוֵה

n.[m.] level plain;—in שָׁוֵה קִרְיָתַיִם Genesis 14:5 (see ק׳ p. 900a; ק׳ appos. according to Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 277 c Lagarde^{BN 43}; ? read שְׁוֵה); Σαυη.

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שָׁוֵה²

in n.pr.location עֵמֶק שׁ׳ Genesis 14:17 (see ע׳); Σαυη.

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שָׁוָה²

verb

set, place (Biblical Aramaic Hithpa. Targum שְׁוָא Pa. set, make (often Targum = שׂום, שׁית); Gesenius' Thesaurus al. sub I. שׁ׳, orig. set, place, then set together, compare, < weakened from orig. make even, right, compare Vulg. Ar. سَوَى ii. make (Wahrm, compare also Barth^{ES 66}));—past (עבר) 1st singular שִׁוִּיתִי Psalms 16:8 I have set י׳ before me (לְנֶגְדִּי); שׁ׳ עֵזֶר עַל Psalms 89:20 I have placed strength upon a hero, compare Psalms 21:6; participle (בינוני) מְשַׁוֶּה רַגְלַי כְּ II Samuel 22:34 setting my feet like hinds = Psalms 18:34 (compare Targum שַׁזִּי כְּ Genesis 48:20 Jeremiah 29:22, for שׂים כְּ);—Isaiah 38:13 see I. שׁוה;—future (עתיד) = make, produce, 3rd masculine singular פְּרִי יְשַׁוֶּה לוֹ Hosea 10:1 (Israel as vine), si vera l., see Wellhausen Nowack (‖ עשׂה פְּרִי Hosea 9:16, compare Hosea 8:7).

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שׁוּחַ

verb sink down (Buhl disting. this as II. שׁ׳ (Arabic وَاخَ (و) sink down, MI ^{9. 23} אשוח probably depression, excavation, reservoir, so אשיח Ecclus Ben Sira 50:3), and hence שָׁ֫חָה Proverbs 2:18, si vera l., and following deriv., from I. שׁ׳ melt away (Arabic ساح (ى) flow and spread, melt away, Ethiopic ሴሐ: I. 2 cause to dwindle, ሲሕ: phthisis, Aramaic שׁוּחַ, ܫܳܚ flow or melt away, vanish), whence Lamentations 3:20 Psalms 44:26; but insuff. evidence for I. שׁ׳ in Hebrew);—sink down,

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular שָׁ֫חָה לֶעָפָר נַפְשֵׁנוּ Psalms 44:26 (‖ דָּֽבְקָה לָאָרֶץ); שׁ׳ אֶל־מָוֶת בֵּיתָהּ Proverbs 2:18 (‖ אֶל־רְפָאִים; but ב׳ masculine, read שָׁחָה, √ שׁחה, Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 82}, so Toy); future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תָּשׁוּחַ עָלַי נַפְשִׁי Lamentations 3:26 Qr,

declar. תָּשִׁיחַ Kt, of depression of mind.—Psalms 49:15 Gratz reads שָׁחוּ for Masoretic Text שַׁתּוּ but see שׁתת.—

Psalms 42, Psalms 43 see שׁחח.

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שׁוּחָה

noun (fem.) pit;—absolute שׁ׳ Jeremiah 2:6 land of steppe and pits (coll.); figuratively, כָּרָה שׁ׳ לִי Jeremiah 18:20, so v Jeremiah 18:22 (Qr); עֲמֻקָּה Proverbs 23:27 deep pit (in figuratively of harlot), compare Proverbs 22:14.

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שִׁיחָה

noun (fem.)the same;—כרה שׁ׳ Jeremiah 18:22 Kt (Qr שׁוּחָה), Psalms 57:7; plural כ׳ שִׁיחוֹת Psalms 119:85.

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שַׁ֫חַת

noun (fem.) pit;—absolute שׁ׳ Psalms 7:16 +; שָׁ֑חַת Psalms 16:10 +; construct שַׁ֫חַת Isaiah 38:17 Psalms 35:7; with suffix שַׁחְתָּם Ezekiel 19:4, Ezekiel 19:8 (+ שַׁחְתֹּה Psalms 35:8 Wellhausen);—

pit, for catching lion (in figuratively) Ezekiel 19:4, Ezekiel 19:8; figuratively פעל שׁ׳ Psalms 7:16; c. עשׂה Psalms 9:16; c. חפר Psalms 35:7 (transp. שׁ׳ to v b); c. כרה Psalms 94:13 Proverbs 26:27; + Psalms 35:8 Peshitta Wellhausen (for שׁוֹאָה); טָבַל בּשׁ׳ Job 9:31.

pit of Sh^e’ôl, ירד שׁ׳ Job 33:24; ראה (ה)שׁ׳ Psalms 16:10 (‖ שְׁאוֹל), Psalms 49:10; לשׁ׳, c. הוֹרִיד Ezekiel 28:8, and Psalms 55:24 (לִבְאֵר שׁ׳); קָרֵב Job 33:22; יָמוּת Isaiah 51:14; עָבַר בַּשּׁ׳ Job 33:28; יָרַד אֶל־שׁ׳ Psalms 30:10; מִשּׁ׳, c. חשׁק Isaiah 38:17 (poem), c. חְשׂךְ Job 33:18 (מִנִּי־); c. העלה Jonah 2:7; c. הֵשִׁיב Job 33:30 (מִנִּי־); c. גאל Psalms 103:4; personif. Job 17:14 (‖ רִמָּה).—שׁ׳ here either = שְׁאוֹל (hollow place, cavern), or < = pit in שְׁאוֹל (compare, from Ezek. on, בּוֹר 5; also אֲבַדּוֹן, p. 2, and עִמְקֵי שְׁאוֹל Proverbs 9:18. This distinction of two parts of שְׁאוֹל became important in Jewish and Christian theology).

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שׁוּחַ²

n.pr.m. son of Abr. and Ḳeturah, Genesis 25:2 I Chronicles 1:32; Σωυε, Σωε, Σουε.—In Assyrian Šuḫi is named as Aramaean land on Euphr. (left bank Tiele^{Gesch. 153} < right bank, cf. especially Schr^{KG 142 f.}; it had, however, dependencies on left bank) by TP I. (KB ^{i. 33}), Ašurnaṣirp. (the same ^{ib. 99, 101}).

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שׁוּחָה²

n.pr. ‘son’ of חוּר, I Chronicles 4:11 (Ασχα, Σουα), = חוּשָׁה v I Chronicles 4:4 (Ωσαν, Ουσα), see ח׳.

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שׁוּט

verb go or rove about (Mishnaic Hebrew Aramaic שׁוּט rove, row (Jonah 1:13), swim (Isaiah 25:11), stroke, besmear; see also שׁוֹט);—

go or rove about: past (עבר) 3rd plural, absolute שָׁטוּ הָעָם Numbers 11:8 (J; gathering manna), so, c. ב location, future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural וַיָּשֻׁטוּ II Samuel 24:8, imperative (ציווי) ms. שׁוּט־נָא v II Samuel 24:2, infinitive (מקור) construct שׁוּט Job 1:7, שֻׁט Job 2:2 (both ‖ הִתְהַלֵּךְ), perhaps also Genesis 24:63 (לָשׁוּט for לָשׂוּחַ, so Peshitta Gesenius' Thesaurus ¹³²² compare Dillmann Gunk Driver); Jeremiah 8:6 Duhm reads שָׁט for שָׁב.—participle (בינוני) שָׁטִים see שׁוּט denom. below Pōʿl. go eagerly, quickly, to and fro: future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְשׁוֹטְטוּ לְבַקֵּשׁ Amos 8:12 (‖ וְנָעוּ); absolute יְשֹׁטְטוּ Daniel 12:4; c. ב location, imperative (ציווי) mpl. שׁוֹטְטוּ Jeremiah 5:1, participle (בינוני) plural מְשׁוֹטְטִים Zechariah 4:10, מְשֹׁטְטוֹת II Chronicles 16:9 (both of עֵינֵי י׳). Hithpōʿl. imperative (ציווי) fpl., ב location, הִתְשׁוֹטַטְנָה Jeremiah 49:3 run to and fro.

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שׁוֹט

noun (masc.) ^{Isaiah 28:15} scourge, whip (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, so Arabic سَوْطٌ, سَاطَ (و) mix, stir about and beat; Ethiopic ሰውጥ: Aramaic שׁוֹטָא, ܫܰܘܛܳܐ; from foregoing? compare Germ. streifen; or onomat., compare swish, switch?);—שׁ׳ absolute Isaiah 10:26 +, construct Job 5:21; plural שׁוֹטִים I Kings 12:11 +;—

scourge, for chastisement, I Kings 12:11, I Kings 12:14 = II Chronicles 10:11, II Chronicles 10:12 (all c. verb יִסַּר); figuratively of national scourge (wielded by י׳) Isaiah 10:26; Isaiah 28:15 (Qr; > Kt שׁיט), v Isaiah 28:18 (both שׁ׳ שׁוֹטֵף, see שׁטף), calamity Job 9:23; lash of (accusing) tongue Job 5:21 (read מִשּׁ׳ as Septuagint).

whip, for horse, קוֹל שׁ׳ Nahum 3:2 that is crack of whip, שׁ׳ לַסּוּס Proverbs 26:3 (‖ שֵׁבֶט לְגֵו כְּסִילִים).

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שַׁ֫יִט

n.[m.] rowing (as whipping, lashing the water);—only אֳנִי־שׁ׳ Isaiah 33:21 rowing vessel;—Isaiah 28:15 Kt see שׁוֹט.

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שׁוּט²

verbdenom. row;—participle (בינוני) plural שָׁטִים rowers Ezekiel 27:8, Ezekiel 27:26 (of Tyre as ship).

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שׁוּט³

verb treat with despite, only Ezek. (Aramaic שׁוּט, ܫܳܛ despise; compare perhaps Assyrian šâṭu, rebel, Meissn);—only

participle (בינוני), with a direct object person: mpl. (noun) הַשָּׁאטִים אוֹתָם Ezekiel 28:24, Ezekiel 28:26 (Konig^{ii. 1, 108, 346} Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 72 p); fpl. בְּנוֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּים הַשָּׁאטוֹת אוֹתָךְ Ezekiel 16:57 (Konig^{ib. 189}).

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שׁוֹלָל

see שׁלל.

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שׁוּנִי

n.pr.m. in Gad, Genesis 46:16 Numbers 26:15; Σαυν(ε)ις, Σουνει, Σωυνι.

adjectivegent. of 1, c. art. = n. coll. Numbers 26:15.

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שׁוּנֵם

n.pr.location in Issachar;—Joshua 19:18, I Samuel 28:4 II Kings 4:8; Σουναν[μ], Σωμαν, Σουμαν, SeptuagintL Jos Συνημ; in Egyptian Ša-n-m-â, Ša-na-mḁ WMM^{As. u. Eur. 170}; mod. Sûlem, N. of Zerʿîn (Jezreel), Buhl^{G. 217}, compare GASm^{G 400 ff.}.

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שָׁוַע

verb

cry out for help (Gerb ³³ thinks denom. from שַׁוְעָה, and this from √ akin to ישׁע deliver);—past (עבר) 1st singular שִׁוַּעְתִּי Psalms 30:3 + 3 times; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תְּשַׁוֵּ֑עַ Job 24:12; 2nd masculine singular תְּשַׁוַּע Isaiah 58:9, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct with suffix שַׁוְּעִי Psalms 28:2; Psalms 31:23; שַׁוְעִי Psalms 5:3 (Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 182 d), etc.; participle (בינוני) מְשַׁוֵּ֑עַ Psalms 72:12 Job 29:12;—cry for help: absolute Psalms 72:12 Job 19:7; Job 24:12; Job 29:12; Job 30:28; Job 35:9, + Isaiah 38:13 Houb Lo Cheyne Duhm al. (for שִׁוִּיתִי); specif. to God Psalms 5:3; Psalms 18:42; Psalms 119:147; Job 36:13; Isaiah 58:9; Jonah 2:3; Habakkuk 1:2; Lamentations 3:8; c. אל Psalms 18:7; Psalms 22:25; Psalms 28:2 = Psalms 31:23, Psalms 30:3; Psalms 88:14 + v Psalms 88:2 (read with Weir אֱלֹהַי שִׁוַּעְתִּי יוֹם צַעֲקָתִי), Job 30:20; Job 38:41.

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שׁוּעַ³

[שֵׁוַע?] noun (masc.) cry for help; לָהֶן שׁ׳ Job 30:24 (Bi Dillmann Budde Duhm לֹא יְשַׁוֵּ֑עַ); שׁוּעֲךָ Job 36:19 (Budde Buhl שַׁוְעֲךָ, Duhm שִׂיחֲךָ).—i. שׁוּעַ see p. 447b.

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שׁוֹעַ²

n.[m.] cry, perhaps war-cry, or cry for help in war Isaiah 22:5.—i. שׁוֹעַ see ישׁע.

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שׁוֹעַ³

i. ii. שׁוּעַ, שׁוּעָא see p. 447^b supra.

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שׁוֹעַ⁴

n.pr.gent. Ezekiel 23:23 usually identified with Assyrian Sutû, Sutî, nomads of Mesop. and (later) E. of Tigris, Delitzsch^{Pa 234 ff.} COT^{ad location} Winckler^{Schrader's Keilinschriften.3. 22} Driver^{Hast.DB Koa}.

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שׁוֹפַךְ

see שׁוֹבַךְ.

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שׁוֹק

n.[f. Leviticus 7:33 compare Albr^{journal ZAW xvl (1896), 76 f.}, so Arabic, see Lane W^{AG, § 290 (δ)}] leg;—שׁ׳ absolute I Samuel 9:24 +, construct Exodus 29:27 +; dual שֹׁקַיִם Deuteronomy 28:35; Proverbs 26:7, construct שׁוֹקֵי Psalms 147:10, with suffix שׁוֹקָיו Song of Songs 5:15;—leg:

of man, specif. lower leg, calf, disting. from thigh, in וַיַּךְ אוֹתָם שׁ׳ עַל־יָרֵךְ Judges 15:8 he smote them, leg upon thigh, that is utterly (compare GFM), Deuteronomy 28:35 (‖ בִּרְכַּיִם), Proverbs 26:7 Psalms 147:10; Song of Songs 5:15; of woman (city personif.) Isaiah 47:2.

of sacrificial animal, specif. upper leg, thigh, hind leg, portion eaten I Samuel 9:24 (compare Klein^{ZPV vl (1883), 98}, cited also by Nestle^{Marg. 13}), שׁ׳ הַיָּמִין right thigh Exodus 29:32 + 6 times P (see יָמִין), שׁ׳ הַתְּרוּמָה Leviticus 7:34 + 4 times P, thigh of contribution (see ת׳ p. 929).—Septuagint βραχίων, Vulgate armus, hence AV al. shoulder, but see Dillmann Baen Driver Deuteronomy 18:3.

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שׁוּר

verb perhaps travel, journey (Assyrian šâru, pass along, take one’s way, Arabic سَارَ (ى) go, pass along, journey, سَيَّارَةٌ caravan, Palmyrene שירתא Lidzbarski ³⁷⁵ SAC¹¹³ Cooke²⁷¹, Syriac ܫܝܳܪܬܳܐ (? Arabic loan-wd., Frä ¹⁸⁰));—

future (עתיד) 2nd feminine singular וַתָּשֻׁרִי לַמֶּלֶךְ בַּשֶּׁמֶן Isaiah 57:9 and thou (the apostate faction) didst journey to (the god) Melek with (thine) oil, that is bring, offer it (Cheyne Marti read וַתָּסֻכִי). participle (בינוני) fpl. שָׁרוֹתַיִךְ Ezekiel 27:25 ships of Tarshish were thy travellers (that is traders), but improbable; Krae שָׁרוֹת לָךְ בְּ journey for thee with thy wares; Toy רֹכְלַיִךְ בְּ; Co שֵֽׁרְתוּךְ served thee.

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שׁוּר²

verb behold, regard (especially Jb);—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָשׁוּר Jeremiah 5:26, with suffix יְשׁוּרֶנּוּ Job 34:29, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שׁוּר Job 35:5;—

behold, with a direct object person Numbers 23:9; Numbers 24:17 (poems in JE, ‖ רָאָה), לֹא תְּשׁוּרֵנִי, subj. eye, Job 24:15, and (= I shall not exist) Job 7:8, compare Job 20:9 (subj. מְקוֹמוֹ), Job 17:15; God object Job 34:29; Job 35:14; look, gaze, absolute, מִן location Song of Songs 4:8.

regard with watchful care (subj. י׳) Hosea 14:9; so, = notice, Job 35:13; regard, observe, direct object rei, God’s word Job 33:14 (Hitzig De Davidson al.), so, (reading 2nd masculine singular), Siegf Budde; Duhm יְשִׁיבֶנָּה he (God) retracts it not.

watch stealthily, lie in wait, כְּנָמֵר עַל־דֶּרֶךְ אָשׁוּר Hosea 13:7 (subj. י׳; Meinh Marti אֶשְׁקֹד; Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate Wellhausen Nowack al. אַשּׁוּר), Jeremiah 5:26 (subj. wicked).—Job 33:27 see שׁיר.

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שׁוּר³

doubtful word, only plural with suffix וַתַּבֵּט עֵינִי בְּשׁוּרָ֑י Psalms 92:12, read בְּשׁוֹרְרָ֑י (Bae al.) see following

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שׁוֹרֵר

noun (masc.) (insidious) watcher, (proposes Pōʿl. participle (בינוני), מְ׳ om., Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 52 s);—plural with suffix שׁוֹרְרַי Psalms 56:3, שׁוֹרְרָ֑י Psalms 5:9; Psalms 27:11, שֹׁרְרָ֑י Psalms 54:7; Psalms 59:11; Psalms 92:12 see foregoing.

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שׁוֹר

noun (masc.) Nehemiah 5:18 a head of cattle, bullock, ox, etc. (often + חֲמוֹר, שֶׂה, etc.);—שׁ׳ absolute Isaiah 1:3 +, construct Exodus 21:35 +, with suffix שׁוֹרוֹ Exodus 20:14 +, etc.; plural שְׁוָרִים Hosea 12:12;—usually a single head of cattle, without emphasis on sex (opposite בָּקָר coll. Exodus 21:37; Numbers 7:3): as property, spoil of war, etc. Exodus 20:14 (E; Gi v Exodus 20:13) = Deuteronomy 5:17, compare Deuteronomy 5:14; Exodus 21:33 ‖ Deuteronomy 22:4; Exodus 21:37^(×2) (‖ בָּקָר of five head), Exodus 22:3, Exodus 22:8, Exodus 22:9, Exodus 22:29; Exodus 23:12 (all E), Deuteronomy 22:1; Genesis 49:6 (poem in J), Deuteronomy 28:31; Judges 6:4; I Samuel 12:3; Job 24:3; as licking up (לָחַךְ) grass Numbers 22:4, feeding Psalms 106:20 (in ref. to golden calf), compare Isaiah 7:25; Isaiah 32:20; lowing Job 6:5; as intelligent Isaiah 1:3, vicious (goring נָגַח) Exodus 21:28^(×3) + 11 times Exodus 21; used in ploughing Deuteronomy 22:10, threshing Deuteronomy 25:4, compare Proverbs 14:4; drawing wagon Numbers 7:3 (P; opposite בָּקָר coll.); פְּנֵי שׁ׳ Ezekiel 1:10; specif. of male †Job 21:10 (opposite פָּרָה), of female †Leviticus 22:28, perhaps also Numbers 18:17, appar. generic Deuteronomy 15:19; Deuteronomy 33:17 (poem, figuratively); rarely coll. Genesis 32:6 (+ צֹאן), Exodus 34:19—compare Leviticus 27:26—Joshua 6:21; Joshua 7:24 (all J), I Samuel 15:3; I Samuel 22:19; †as slaughtered Proverbs 7:22, for food I Samuel 14:34^(×2) (but v b read (אֶת־)אֲשֶׁר with Septuagint Th Wellhausen Driver al.), I Kings 1:19, I Kings 1:25; Deuteronomy 14:4; Leviticus 17:3, compare Nehemiah 5:18 (שׁ׳ אֶחָר), Proverbs 15:17; for †sacrifice Judges 6:25 (פַּר־הַשּׁ׳, text strange, compare GFM), Psalms 69:32 (שׁוֹר פָּר, but join פָּר to v b Bae), II Samuel 6:13; Hosea 12:12; Leviticus 9:4, Leviticus 9:18, Leviticus 22:23, Leviticus 22:27, Numbers 15:11, Deuteronomy 17:1; Deuteronomy 18:3, compare Leviticus 7:23; Leviticus 9:19; מִשּׁוֹר זֶבַח Leviticus 4:10; illicit sacrifice Isaiah 66:3.

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שׁוּר⁴

n.[m.] wall (Aramaic שׁוּרָא, ܫܽܘܪܳܐ );—Genesis 49:22 (poem in J), II Samuel 22:30 = Psalms 18:30; plural with suffix שׁוּרֹתָם Job 24:11 their walls De Dillmann De, compare Budde; but see שׁוּרָה infra; שָׁרוֹתֶיהָ Jeremiah 5:10 = its walls, according to Vrss AV RV Gf Gie, read then שֻׁ׳, but see the same

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שׁוּר⁵

n.pr.location SW. of Palestine, on E. border of Egypt;—Genesis 16:7 (J; דֶּרֶךְ שׁ׳), Genesis 20:1, towards Egypt Genesis 25:18, I Samuel 15:7, שׁ֫וּרָה I Samuel 27:8; מִדְבַּר־שׁ׳ Exodus 15:22.—Often supposed to denote properly the ‘wall’ or line of fortresses, built by Egyptian Kings across isthmus of Suez; but doubtful: compare Driver^{Hast.DB Shur}.

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שׁוּרָה

noun (fem.) probably row of olives or vines (so Duhm Buhl al.; compare Mishnaic Hebrew שׁוּרָה, JAram. שׁוּרְתָא row, whence mod. Arabic شورة as loan-word, compare Vogelst^{Landwirthschaft 41 f.});—plural with suffix שׁוּרֹתָם Job 24:11 (al. ii. שׁוּר); Budde and Duhm del. with suffix; here also Jeremiah 5:10 (reading שֻׁ׳) Duhm Buhl Driver, her (vine-)rows, but see ii. שׁוּר.

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שׁוּשַׁן

noun (masc.) שׁוֹשַׁנָּה noun (fem.) usually lily, probably any lily-like flower (Tristr^{NHB 462 ff.} Post^{Hast. DB Lily} Löw^{Noldeke. 323}; Mishnaic Hebrew שׁוֹשַׁנָּה, Arabic سَوْسَنٌ (Vulg. سُوسَنٌ), especially iris, Aramaic שׁוּשַׁנְתָּא, ܫܽܘܫܰܢܬܳܐ (Payne Smith (Syriac Thesaurus) ⁴³⁴⁴), Gk. σοῦσον Lewy^{Fremdw. 48}; orig. loan-word from Egyptian sššn, šôšĕn, Erman^{ZMG xlvi (1892), 117});—lily: in sim., יִפְרַח כַּשּׁוֹשַׁנָּה Hosea 14:6 (of Isr.), כְּשׁוֹ׳ בֵּין הַחוֹחִים Song of Songs 2:2 (sim. of bride), so construct שׁוֹשַׁנַּת הָעֲמָקִים v Song of Songs 2:1 (compare חֲבַצֶּלֶת); plural שׁוֹשַׁנִּים Song of Songs 2:16; Song of Songs 4:5; Song of Songs 6:2, Song of Songs 6:3; Song of Songs 7:3 and (figuratively of lover’s lips) Song of Songs 5:13; of flower-shaped capitals of pillars, מַעֲשֵׂה שׁוּשַׁן I Kings 7:19, מ׳ שׁוֹשָׁ֑ן v I Kings 7:22; compare פֶּרַח שׁוֹשָׁ֑ן of brim of molten sea v I Kings 7:26, ‖ פ׳ שׁוֹשַׁנָּה II Chronicles 4:5; elsewhere only ψ-titles: עַל־שֹׁשַׁנִּים Psalms 45:1; Psalms 69:1, עַל־שׁוּשַׁן עֵדוּת Psalms 60:1, אֶל־שֹׁשַׁנִּים עֵדוּת Psalms 80:1; meaning not clear, see Bae et Comm. al.; yet compare עֵדוּת, sub עוד.

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שׁוּשַׁן²

n.pr.location Susa, winter residence of Persian kings; Σουσαν, ἐν Σουσοις (cuneif. Šûšan Delitzsch^{Pa 326} COT Nehemiah 1:1 Billerbeck ^Susa Say^{Hast. DB Shushan});—שׁ׳ הַבִּירָה Nehemiah 1:1 (9th month, כִּסְלֵו), Daniel 8:2 (in Elam), Esther 1:2, Esther 1:5; Esther 2:3, Esther 2:5, Esther 2:8; Esther 3:15; Esther 8:14; Esther 9:6, Esther 9:11, Esther 9:12 (12th month, אֲדָר, v Esther 9:1); הַבּ׳ om., שׁוּשָׁ֑ן Esther 4:8, Esther 4:16 and (month אֲדָר) Esther 9:13, Esther 9:14, Esther 9:15^(×2), Esther 9:18; הָעִיר שׁ׳ Esther 3:15; Esther 8:15.

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שׁוּשַׁק

n.pr.m. I Kings 14:25 Kt, Qr שִׁישַׁק q.see

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שׁוּתֶ֫לַח

n.pr.m. in Ephraim, Numbers 26:35; I Chronicles 7:21, שׁוּתָ֑לַח v I Chronicles 7:20; Numbers 26:36; Σουταλα, Σωθαλα, etc., SeptuagintL Σουθαλα(αμ).

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שֹׁ֫חַד

noun (masc.) present, specif. bribe;—שׁ׳ absolute Isaiah 1:23 + 22 times;—bribe, usually to pervert justice, obj. of לָקַח Exodus 23:8, = Deuteronomy 16:19; Deuteronomy 10:17; I Samuel 8:3; II Chronicles 19:7 Psalms 15:5; Proverbs 17:23; + inf., take bribe to do something, Deuteronomy 27:25; Ezekiel 22:12; אָהַב שׁ׳ Isaiah 1:23; compare also Isaiah 5:23; Isaiah 33:15 Exodus 23:8 = Deuteronomy 16:19, Micah 3:11 Psalms 26:10; Proverbs 17:8; Proverbs 21:14; אָהֳלֵי־שׁ׳ Job 15:34, that is abode of bribe-givers; שׁ׳ Proverbs 6:35 (‖ כֹּפֶר) is hush-money, or (poss.) legal compensation (compare Toy); שׁ׳ elsewhere (c. שָׁלַח) of bribing king to take sides I Kings 15:19; II Kings 16:8, compare Isaiah 45:13 (‖ מְחִיר).

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שָׁחָה

verb bow down (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; J Aramaic שְׁחִי (rare); akin to שׁוח, שׁחח);—

imperative (ציווי) fs. שְׁחִי Isaiah 51:23 bow down.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix יַשְׁחֶ֑נָּה Proverbs 12:25, figuratively, anxiety depresses it (sc. לֵב; opposite שִׂמֵּחַ). Hithpaʿlēl₁₇₀ (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 75 kk) past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה Ezekiel 46:2; 2nd masculine singular הִשְׁתַּחֲוִ֫יתָ Deuteronomy 4:19 + 3 times; 1st singular הִשְׁתַּחֲוֵ֫יתִי I Samuel 16:4 + 2 times; 3rd masculine plural הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ Jeremiah 8:2, etc.; future (עתיד) יִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה II Samuel 15:32 + 3 times; apoc. יִשְׁתַּ֫חוּ Isaiah 44:17 +; 3rd masculine plural יִשְׁתַּחֲווּ Genesis 49:8 +; 2nd feminine plural תִּשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֫יןָ Genesis 33:6; Genesis 37:7, etc.; imperative (ציווי) fs. הִשְׁתַּחֲוִי Psalms 45:12; mpl. הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ Psalms 29:2 +; infinitive (מקור) construct הִשְׁתַּחֲוֹת Genesis 37:10 +; with suffix הִשְׁתַּחֲוָיָ֙תִי֙ II Kings 5:18 (but Septuagint Vulgate and mod. -חֲוֹתוֹ); participle (בינוני) מִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה II Kings 19:37, etc.; מִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתֶם Ezekiel 8:16, read -וִים all mod.;—

bow down, prostrate oneself, before a monarch or superior, in homage, etc.:

c. ל, after descriptive cl. (especially with קדד, נפל 3 b, q.see), I Samuel 24:9; Genesis 43:28 II Samuel 14:4, II Samuel 14:22; Ruth 2:10; I Kings 1:31; II Kings 4:37 + 6 times, + (after כָּרַע) Esther 3:2^(×2), Esther 3:5.

c. ל, followed by phr. (לפני) על אפים ארצה II Samuel 14:33 I Kings 1:23; לאפים Genesis 48:12 II Samuel 18:28; אפים Genesis 42:6 + 4 times; om. אפים Genesis 33:3 + 3 times; עַל כַּפּוֹת רַגְלַיִךְ Isaiah 60:14.

c. לְ person only, Genesis 23:7 Genesis 27:29^(×2); Genesis 37:9, Genesis 49:8 Exodus 11:8 + 8 times; c. לפני Genesis 23:12; c. אל Isaiah 45:14 (‖ התפלּל); absolute Genesis 33:6, Genesis 33:7^(×2), Exodus 18:7 II Samuel 9:8; II Samuel 16:4; Isaiah 49:7.

before God, in worship, etc.:

c. לְ, after descriptive phr.: קדד ארצה Exodus 34:8; ארצה om. Genesis 24:26, Genesis 24:48 + 4 times; כרע אפים ארצה II Chronicles 7:3; כרע II Chronicles 29:29; נפל ארצה Job 1:20; נפל לפני II Chronicles 20:18.

followed by phr.: קדד וישׁ׳ ל׳ אפים ארצה Nehemiah 8:6; ארצה ל׳ Genesis 24:52; השׁ׳ ונכרעה Psalms 95:6; השׁ׳ ל׳ בְּהַדְרַת קֹדֶשׁ Psalms 29:2; Psalms 96:9 = I Chronicles 16:29; אֶל־הֵיכָל (looking towards) Psalms 5:8; Psalms 138:2; לַהֲדֹם רגלים Psalms 99:5; Psalms 132:7.

c. לְ only: I Samuel 1:28 (but read וַתַּנִּחֵהוּ SeptuagintL and mod.), I Samuel 15:25; Jeremiah 7:2 Psalms 66:4 + 9 times; c. לפני Deuteronomy 26:10; Isaiah 66:23 + 4 times; c. בְ location Isaiah 27:13; c. לְ location Psalms 99:9; absolute Genesis 22:5 Judges 7:15 + 5 times; direct object location Exodus 33:10 Jeremiah 26:2 Ezekiel 46:3; לפני (ה)מזבח Isaiah 36:7 = II Kings 18:22 = II Chronicles 32:12; c. על location Genesis 47:31 I Kings 1:47 Ezekiel 46:2; מֵרָחֹק afar off Exodus 24:1.

before angel in theoph.: after cl. c. נפל, קדד, Joshua 5:14; Numbers 22:31; followed by אפים ארצה Genesis 19:1; ארצה Genesis 18:2 (all J).

before other gods: absolute Isaiah 2:20; Isaiah 44:15, Isaiah 44:17; Isaiah 46:6; direct object location II Kings 5:18^(×3); II Kings 19:37 = Isaiah 37:38; c. לְ, Exodus 20:5 = Deuteronomy 5:9 (10 words), Exodus 23:24, Numbers 25:2, Joshua 23:7, Deuteronomy 8:19; Deuteronomy 11:16; I Kings 16:31 + 34 times; c. על, Leviticus 26:1; לפני II Chronicles 25:14 (‖ קטּר).

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שָׁחַח

verb bow, be bowed down, crouch (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; TelAm. šaḫâḫu (Winckler^{TelAm. Vocab.}), prostrate oneself, probably Canaanism; Assyrian šaḫâḫu is oppress, torment);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular consec. וְשַׁח Isaiah 2:11, Isaiah 2:17, 1st singular שַׁח֫וֹתִי Psalms 38:7, שַׁחֹ֫תִי Psalms 35:14, 3rd plural שָֽׁתֲחוּ Job 9:13, שַׁחוּ Habakkuk 3:6; Proverbs 14:19; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָשֹׁחַ Psalms 10:10, 3rd masculine plural יָשֹׁ֫חוּ Job 38:40, וַיָּשֹׁ֫חוּ Psalms 107:39; infinitive (מקור) construct (= absolute, as adverb, Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 118 q Konig^{ii. 2, §§ 221, 402 d} compare also Barth^{NB 164}) שְׁחוֹח Isaiah 60:14;—

be bowed down, prostrated, humbled, by י׳, Isaiah 2:11, Isaiah 2:17 (both ‖ שָׁפֵל), Habakkuk 3:6 (of hills), Job 9:13 (תַּחְתָּו שׁ׳), Psalms 107:39 (+ מָעַט); by man Psalms 10:10.

bow in homage, לִפְנֵי person Proverbs 14:19; וְהָֽלְכוּ אֵלַיִךְ שְׁחוֹחַ Isaiah 60:14 (‖ הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ).

bow, of mourner (קֹדֵר), Psalms 35:14; Psalms 38:7.

crouch, of wild beast in lair Job 38:40.

future (עתיד) be prostrated, humbled: וַיִּשַּׁח אָדָם Isaiah 2:9 (‖ שָׁפֵל) = Isaiah 5:15 (‖ the same); be reduced, weakened, יִשַּׁ֫חוּ כָּל־בְּנוֹת הַשִּׁיר Ecclesiastes 12:4; = proceed humbly, of words מֵעָפָר Isaiah 29:4 (‖ שָׁפֵל).

prostrate, lay low, city, walls, etc.; past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הֵשַׁח Isaiah 25:12; Isaiah 26:5 (both ‖ הִשְׁפִּיל). Hithpōʿ. be cast down, despairing: future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תִּשְׁתּוֹחָ֑ח Psalms 42:7, 2nd feminine singular תִּשְׁתּוֹחֲחִי v Psalms 42:6, Psalms 42:12; Psalms 43:5 (all c. subj. נַפְשִׁי).

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שָׁחַט

verb slaughter, beat (orig. beat, flay? compare Assyrian šaḫâṭu, flay, take off dress; Arabic سَحَطَ slay (but ح = ḫ; is this loan-word in Arabic?); Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew, especially in ritual);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Jeremiah 39:6 +, with suffix וּשְׁחָטוֹ consec. Leviticus 3:2, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁחַט Leviticus 4:24 +, 2nd feminine singular וַתִּשְׁחֲטִי Ezekiel 16:21, 3rd masculine plural with suffix וַיִּשְׁחָט֫וּהוּ Judges 12:6; imperative (ציווי) mpl. שַׁחֲטוּ Exodus 12:21; II Chronicles 35:6; infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׁחֹט Isaiah 22:13; construct לִשְׁחֹט Genesis 22:10, -וֹט Ezekiel 40:39, with suffix שַׁחֲטָם (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 64 a) Ezekiel 23:39; participle (בינוני) active שׁוֹחֵט Isaiah 66:3, etc.; passive שָׁחוּט I Kings 10:16 +, etc.;—slaughter:

beast for food I Samuel 14:32, I Samuel 14:34^(×2); Isaiah 22:13 (‖ הָרַג), compare Leviticus 17:3^(×2), for blood Genesis 37:31.

us. (51 times; Hex chiefly P, 38 times) term. techn. of killing sacrifice (BJacob^{journal ZAW xvii (1897), 51}), I Samuel 1:25; Exodus 29:11; Exodus 34:25, Leviticus 1:5, Leviticus 1:11; Leviticus 4:24; Leviticus 9:8; Numbers 19:3; II Chronicles 29:22^(×2), II Chronicles 29:24 +; absolute Ezekiel 40:41 (אֶל location); bird Leviticus 14:5, Leviticus 14:6, Leviticus 14:50, Leviticus 14:51; beast in illicit sacrifice Isaiah 66:3; with a direct object of sacrifice (עוֹלָה, אָשָׁם, חַטָּאת, etc.) Ezekiel 40:39 (אֶל location), v Ezekiel 40:42; Ezekiel 44:11; Leviticus 4:24; Leviticus 7:2; Leviticus 14:13 +; passover lamb †Exodus 12:6, direct object הַפֶּסַח †v Exodus 12:21; II Chronicles 30:15; II Chronicles 35:1, II Chronicles 35:6, II Chronicles 35:11; Ezra 6:20.

slaughter person Judges 12:6 I Kings 18:40; II Kings 10:7, II Kings 10:14 (אֶל location), II Kings 25:7 = Jeremiah 39:6 = Jeremiah 52:10; Jeremiah 39:6 = Jeremiah 52:10; Jeremiah 41:7; י׳ subj. Numbers 14:16; in human sacrifice Genesis 22:10, to false gods Ezekiel 16:21; Ezekiel 23:39; Isaiah 57:5.

pt. passive = beaten, hammered, זָהָב שָׁחוּט I Kings 10:16, I Kings 10:17 = II Chronicles 9:15, II Chronicles 9:16, of shekels II Chronicles 9:15; so also Jeremiah 9:7 Qr חֵץ שָׁחוּט (> Kt שׁוֹחֵט) hammered (that is sharpened) arrow.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשָּׁחֵט Numbers 11:22 be slaughtered for food (subj. beast); 3rd feminine singular תִּשָּׁחֵט Leviticus 6:18^(×2) be slain, of sacrifice.

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שַׁחֲטָה

noun (fem.) (Qal infinitive (מקור) construct Konig^{i. 263}) doubtful word;—וְשׁ׳ שֵׂטִים הֶעְמִיקוּ Hosea 5:2 RV (compare AV) the revolters are gone deep in slaughtering [‘Opferschlächterei’ Konig^{ii 1. 590, n. 1}], Ewald Nowack (formerly), Cheyne in corrupting (read then שַׁחֲתָה); Wellhausen Nowack GASm Marti שַׁחַת הַשִּׁטִּים have made deep the pit of Shiṭṭim (as place of idolatry).

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שְׁחִין

see שׁחן.

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שָׁחִיס

Isaiah 37:30 = סָחִישׁ (in ‖ II Kings 19:29), q.see

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שַׁ֫חַל

noun (masc.) lion (poet.);—absolute שׁ׳ Hosea 5:14 +, שָׁ֑חַל Job 4:10 +;—lion, sim. of י׳, toward Israel Hosea 5:14 (‖ כְּפִיר), Hosea 13:7 (‖ נָמֵר); of guilty men Job 4:10 (‖ אַרְיֵה, כְּפִירִים); figuratively of foes Psalms 91:13 (‖ כְּפִיר); lion, as hunted Job 10:16 (in sim.); literally Job 28:8; Proverbs 26:13

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שְׁחִין²

noun (masc.) boil, coll. eruption;—on man II Kings 20:7 = Isaiah 38:21, שׁ׳ רָ֑ע Deuteronomy 28:35; Job 2:7; possibly leprous Leviticus 13:18, Leviticus 13:19, Leviticus 13:20, צָרֶ֫בֶת הַשּׁ׳ Leviticus 13:23 (see צ׳; all P), in Egypt, on man and beast Exodus 9:9, Exodus 9:10, Exodus 9:11^(×2) (all P), construct שְׁחִין מִצְרַיִם Deuteronomy 28:27.

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שַׁ֫חַץ

n.[m.] dignity, pride;—בְנֵי־שָׁ֑חַץ that is majestic wild beasts Job 28:8 (‖ שָׁ֑חַל), Job 41:26.

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שָׁחַר

verb be black (Mishnaic Hebrew שָׁחוֹר and deriv., black, blackness, etc., Ecclus Ben Sira 25:17 Hiph. make black; Aramaic שְׁחַר (Jastr Dalman), Aph. grow black, so ܫܚܰܪ, ܫܘܽܚܳܪܳܐ coal; Jäger^{BAS ii. 295} cp. Assyrian šûru, coal);

past (עבר) שׁ׳, of skin Job 30:30.

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שָׁחֹר

adjective black;—שׁ׳ of hair Leviticus 13:31, Leviticus 13:37, so fpl. שְׁחֹרוֹת Song of Songs 5:11; of skin, fs. שְׁחוֹרָה Song of Songs 1:5; of horses, mpl. שְׁחֹרִים Zechariah 6:2, Zechariah 6:6.

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שַׁ֫חַר

noun (masc.) ^{Genesis 19:15} dawn;—absolute שׁ׳ I Samuel 9:26 +, שָׁ֑חַר Judges 19:25 +; הַשַּׁחַר Genesis 19:15; Psalms 22:1;—dawn, c. עָלָה rise Genesis 19:15; Genesis 32:25, Genesis 32:27; Joshua 6:15 (all J), Judges 19:25; I Samuel 9:26; Nehemiah 4:15; Jonah 4:7; opposite עֵיפָה Amos 4:13; as adverb at dawn Psalms 57:9 = Psalms 108:3; עַפְעַפֵּי־שׁ׳ Job 3:9; Job 41:10; כַּנִפֵי־שׁ׳ Psalms 139:9; Psalms 110:3 read probably רֶחֶם שׁ׳ (see מִשְׁחָר below); שׁ׳ also Job 38:12, in sim. Hosea 6:3 (but read כְּשַׁחֲרֵנוּ כֵּן נִמְצָאֵהוּ as inf., see following, Gie^{Beitr. 208} Wellhausen Nowack GASm Marti), Isaiah 58:8; Song of Songs 6:10; Joel 2:2 (al. blackness, ‖ עָנָן וַעֲרָפֶל); בֶּן־שׁ׳ Isaiah 14:12 (of star, figuratively of royal splendour;—literally as myth Robertson Smith^{K 300}); אֵין לוֹ שׁ׳ Isaiah 8:20 is obscure, so also בַּשּׁ׳ Hosea 10:15 (Wellhausen in storm, that is בַּשַּׂעַר).—Isaiah 47:11 usually, but improbably, dawn (origin) of calamity: JHMich Hitzig Ewald Röd (Gesenius' Thesaurus) De Dillmann al. charm away (RVm) (Arabic سَحَرَ enchant (Wellhausen^{Heid. 2. 159, 200}), سِحْرٌ enchantment [= Sab. סחר DHM^{Hofmus. 24. 1}]); but see [שָׁחַד]. Also צֶרֶת הַשַּׁחַר see p. 886.

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שָׁחַר²

verbdenom. look early, diligently for (late; orig. look for dawn);—

participle (בינוני) שֹׁחֵר טוֹב Proverbs 11:27 (‖ בִּקֵּשׁ, דָּרַשׁ), elsewhere

with a direct object (with suffix) past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular with suffix שִׁחֲרוֹ מוּסָר Proverbs 13:24 seeks him early (with) discipline (chastises him betimes); 2nd masculine singular with suffix consec. וְשִׁחַרְתַּ֫נִי וְאֵינֶנִּי Job 7:21; literally infinitive (מקור) לְשַׁחֵר פָּנֶיךָ Proverbs 7:15; of wild asses, participle (בינוני) מְשַׁחֲרֵי לַטָּ֑רֶף Job 24:5 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 130 u) seeking eagerly for their food; usually of seeking God (י׳) earnestly, past (עבר) וְשִׁחֲרוּ־אֵל Psalms 78:34 (‖ דָּרַשׁ), future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular תְּשַׁהֵר אֶל־אֵל Job 8:5 (si vera l.), 3rd masculine plural with suffix יְשַׁחֲרֻנְנִי (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 60 e) Hosea 5:15 (‖ בִּקֵּשׁ), + Hosea 6:3 (see שַׁחַר), and, direct object wisdom, Proverbs 1:28, participle (בינוני) with suffix מְשַׁחֲרַי Proverbs 8:17; seek with longing, long for (י׳), אֲשַׁחֲרֶ֑ךָּ Isaiah 26:9 Psalms 63:2.

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שָׁחַת

verb go to ruin (?), only der. spec. (Mishnaic Hebrew Hiph. = Biblical Hebrew, Ecclus. שחיתה Ben Sira 30:11 corrupt act; Arabic سَحَتَ extirpate; Ethiopic ሰሐጠ: injure, violate; TelAm. šaḫâtu is fall (especially of city), be prostrate (? of land), perhaps Canaanism (see Winckler^{TelAm. Vocab.}), Assyrian poss. šêtu, flee, escape (compare אבד); Old Aramaic (Zinj.) שחת destroy Lidzbarski³⁷⁴, Aramaic שְׁחַת, ܫܰܚܶܛ (assim. of ܬ), mutilate;—very improb. Gerber¹⁷⁹ denom. from שַׁחַת);—

be marred, spoiled, past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִשְׁחַת, of waistcloth Jeremiah 13:7, vessel Jeremiah 18:4; be injured, or even (hyperb.) ruined, future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תִּשָּׁחֵת Exodus 8:20 of land (מִפְּנֵי הֶעָרֹב); be corrupted, corrupt, in morals and rel., of earth, past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular נִשְׁחָ֑תָה Genesis 6:12, future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular וַתִּשּׁ׳ לִפְנֵי הָא׳ v Genesis 6:11; so participle (בינוני) fpl. as adjective נִשְׁחָתוֹת Ezekiel 20:44.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שִׁחֵת Exodus 32:7 +, with suffix שִׁחֶתְךָ Hosea 13:9; 2nd masculine singular שִׁחַתָּ Isaiah 14:20 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) mpl. שַׁחֵ֑תוּ Jeremiah 5:10; infinitive (מקור) construct שַׁחֵת Genesis 13:10 +, etc.;—

spoil, ruin, direct object of eye Exodus 21:26, vineyard Jeremiah 12:10 (figuratively), branches Nahum 2:3 (figuratively), also = destroy, direct object person II Samuel 1:14; II Samuel 14:11 (direct object om.), Ezekiel 5:16; Ezekiel 20:17, כָּל־בָּשָׂר Genesis 6:17; Genesis 9:15, city, fortress, etc., Genesis 13:10; Genesis 19:13, Genesis 19:29 (all J); II Samuel 24:16; Jeremiah 5:10 (direct object om.) Jeremiah 48:18; Ezekiel 26:4; Ezekiel 43:3; Lamentations 2:5, ruin temple v Lamentations 2:6, nation Hosea 11:9; Hosea 13:9 (read perhaps שִׁחַתִּךָ Oort Nowack), land II Kings 19:12 (Hiph. in ‖ Isaiah 37:12), Judges 6:5 Joshua 22:33, Ezekiel 22:30; Ezekiel 30:11, earth Genesis 9:11; c. ל obj. (ל 3 b), city I Samuel 23:11, person Numbers 32:15; with a direct object רַחֲמָיו Amos 1:11, destroyed (stifled) his compassion (or, Robertson Smith^{K 28} al., the bonds of kinship, see רַחֲמִים), בְּרִית Malachi 2:8, that is violate it, see especially וְשׁ׳ אַרְצָה (sc. semen) Genesis 38:9 he spoiled (it) upon the ground, made it ineffective, = waste words Proverbs 23:8.

pervert, corrupt, direct object wisdom Ezekiel 28:17, absolute = deal corruptly, חֶעֱמִיקוּ שִׁחֵתוּ Hosea 9:9 (compare [עָמֹק], p. 770b; but Wellhausen Nowack read שַׁחְתּוֹ, √ שׁוח), Exodus 32:7, Deuteronomy 9:12, so שׁ׳ לוֹ Deuteronomy 32:5.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִשְׁחִית Genesis 6:12 +; 1st singular וְהִשְׁחַתִּ֫י Jeremiah 51:20, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַשְׁחִית Daniel 8:24 +, יַשְׁחִת Malachi 3:11 +, וַיַּשְׁחֵת I Chronicles 20:1; 2nd feminine singular וַתַּשְׁחִתִי Ezekiel 16:47, 2nd masculine plural תַּשְׁחִתוּן Deuteronomy 4:16; Deuteronomy 31:29; imperative (ציווי) ms. with suffix הַשְׁחִיתָהּ II Kings 18:25 = Isaiah 36:10; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַשְׁחֵת Deuteronomy 31:29; construct הַשְׁחִית I Samuel 26:15 +, etc.; participle (בינוני) מַשְׁחִית Genesis 19:14 +, etc.;—

spoil, ruin, direct object crop Judges 6:4; Malachi 3:11, trees Deuteronomy 20:19, Deuteronomy 20:20; Jeremiah 11:19 (figuratively), vessels II Chronicles 36:19, houses II Chronicles 34:11, palaces Jeremiah 6:5, compare Isaiah 65:8; Leviticus 19:27, Ruth 4:6; הִשׁ׳ דַּיָּם Jeremiah 49:9 thieves damage as much as they want; direct object person = ruin, destroy, I Samuel 26:9, I Samuel 26:15 Judges 20:21, Judges 20:25 (+ אַ֫רְצָה), v Judges 20:35, Judges 20:42; II Kings 13:23; II Chronicles 24:23 (+ מִן separ.), + 12 times, + (direct object person om.) Isaiah 51:13 + 4 times, direct object בֵּית דָּוִד II Chronicles 21:7, absolute Isaiah 11:9 = Isaiah 65:25; also ruin one (by words) Proverbs 11:9; direct object עַם II Samuel 24:16; Deuteronomy 9:26; land I Samuel 6:5; Jeremiah 36:29; Daniel 11:17 (see Driver); city wall II Samuel 20:15 (Ewald Th here denom. from שַׁחַת they were making a pit; < Septuagint We (?) Klo Dr Bu HPS Now מְהַשְּׁבִים were devising), Lamentations 2:8, cities and nations Genesis 18:28^(×2) (J, direct object om.), Genesis 19:13, Genesis 19:14, Isaiah 37:12 (Pi. in ‖ II Kings 19:12), Isaiah 36:10^(×2) = II Kings 18:25^(×2) + 11 times + (Israel personif.) Deuteronomy 4:31; Deuteronomy 10:10; II Kings 8:19, pride of Judah Jeremiah 13:9, earth Jeremiah 51:1; absolute c. adverb direct object Daniel 8:24 (see Driver; Bev conjunction יְשׂחֵחַ or יָשִׂיחַ utter monstrous things), compare I Chronicles 21:12; participle (בינוני) as adjective, of lion Jeremiah 2:30, angel I Chronicles 21:15; = destroyer Exodus 12:23, Jeremiah 22:7; Isaiah 54:16, מ׳ גּוֹיִם Jeremiah 4:7, רוּח מ׳ Jeremiah 51:1; singular coll. (הַמּ׳ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 126 i; the destroying band, compare Driver Budde Nowack) I Samuel 13:17; I Samuel 14:15 (spoilers, ravagers); figuratively for snare, trap, Jeremiah 5:26.

pervert, corrupt, morally, direct object דֶּרֶךְ Genesis 6:12 (P; see דֶּרֶךְ 6), נַפְשׁוֹ Proverbs 6:32, compare Zephaniah 3:7; Ezekiel 23:11 (מִן comp.); הִשׁ׳ הִתְעִיבוּ עֲלִילָה Psalms 14:1 = Psalms 53:2; הַשְׁהֵת תַּשְׁח׳ (+ verb of particular act) Deuteronomy 4:16; Deuteronomy 31:29; declar. = act corruptly, Isaiah 1:4; Deuteronomy 4:25 (+ verb of act), II Chronicles 27:2, + מִן comp. Judges 2:19; Ezekiel 16:47; participle (בינוני) as noun Jeremiah 6:28, אִישׁ מַשׁ׳ Proverbs 28:24 (Proverbs 18:9 see infra).—אַל־תַּשְׁחֵת destroy not (catchword of old song or melody?) in ψ-titles: †Psalms 57:1; Psalms 58:1; Psalms 59:1; Psalms 75:1.

participle (בינוני) מָשְׁחָת spoiled, ruined, of a spring, מָקוֹר Proverbs 25:26 (‖ מַעְיָן נִרְפָּשׂ); as noun Malachi 1:14 sacrificing a spoiled thing.

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שַׁ֫חַת²

see שׁוח.

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שִׁטָּה

noun (fem.) acacia, tree and wood (= שִׁנְטָה*, Arabic سَنْطٌ, probably loan-word from Egyptian šndt, šond^et, Gesenius' Thesaurus¹⁴⁵² Erman^{ZMG xivi (1892), 120});—growing in dry places; especially acacia (mimosa) Nilotica; compare Rob^{BR ii. 20}, or and seyyâl Post^{Flora 298 f. Hast. DB Shittah-tree} Tristr^{NHB 390 ff.};—שׁ׳ singular Isaiah 41:19 (to grow in desert); usually plural, עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים shiṭṭîm wood, material of ark, altars, staves, etc., in tabern., Deuteronomy 10:3; Exodus 25:5, Exodus 25:10, Exodus 25:13 + 19 times Exodus 25-38; עֲצֵי om., עַמּוּדֵי שׁ׳ pillars of shiṭṭîm (wood), Exodus 26:32, Exodus 26:37; Exodus 36:36.

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שָׁטַח

verb spread, spread abroad (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic سَطَحَ spread out; so Ethiopic ሰጥሐ: Aramaic שְׁטַח, ܫܛܰܚ );—

past (עבר) 3rd plural with suffix consec. וּשְׁטָחוּם לַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Jeremiah 8:2 they shall spread them abroad, etc., direct object of many separate things, so future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular וַתִּשְׁטַח II Samuel 17:19 (עַל location; disting. from פָּרַשׂ spread covering); 3rd masculine plural + infinitive (מקור) absolute וַיִּשְׁטְחוּ לָהֶם שָׁטוֹחַ Numbers 11:32 they spread (sc. the quails) for themselves all abroad round about the camp (that is to dry them; Vulgate siccaverunt; compare Dillmann Gray); participle (בינוני) שֹׁטֵחַ לַגּוֹיִם Job 12:23 expanding the nations (compare ל 3 b).

past (עבר) 1st singular שִׁטַּחְתִּי אֵלֶיךָ כַפָּ֑י Psalms 88:10 I have spread out unto thee my palms.

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שָׁטַף

verb overflow, rinse or wash off (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, so J.Aramaic שְׁטַף; Assyrian šaṭâpu, overflow, Arabic سطف the same, Cuche);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Isaiah 8:8 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיִּשְׁטֹף I Kings 22:38, etc.; participle (בינוני) שׁוֹטֵף Isaiah 10:22 +, plural שֹׁטְפִים Isaiah 28:2;—

overflow, of river Isaiah 8:8; Jeremiah 47:2a (see נַחַל), Daniel 11:10, Daniel 11:40, all figuratively of invading army, compare Isaiah 28:15 (qy. by Stade^{ThLZ, Apr. 1894, 235}, Duhm Marti read שׁוֹט שֹׁטֵט), v Isaiah 28:18 (see שׁוֹט), also (sim. of י׳ in judgment) v Isaiah 28:2 (מַיִם), Isaiah 30:28, of judicial destruction, שׁוֹטֵף צְדָקָה Isaiah 10:22; with a direct object of land Jeremiah 47:2b, person (figuratively) Isaiah 43:2 (נְהָרוֹת), Psalms 69:3 (שִׁבֹּלֶת), v Psalms 69:16 (שׁ׳ מַיִם), Psalms 124:4 (מַיִם), compare Isaiah 28:17 Song of Songs 8:7; גֶּשֶׁם שׁוֹטֵף flooding rain (of י׳’s judgment) Ezekiel 13:11, Ezekiel 13:13; Ezekiel 38:22; נַחַל שׁוֹטֵף Isaiah 66:12, sim., in good sense.—Abs. Daniel 11:26 see Niph.—Fig. of dashing, rushing horse, כְּסוּס שׁוֹ׳ בַּמִּלְחָמָה Jeremiah 8:6.

flow, run, literally of נַחַל Psalms 78:20 II Chronicles 32:4.

literally, rinse or wash off, with a direct object of thing washed I Kings 22:38, יָדָיו בַּמָּ֑יִם Leviticus 15:11; of stain Ezekiel 16:9 (מֵעָלַיִךְ; ‖ רָחַץ); עֲפַר־אָ֑רֶץ Job 14:19.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשָּׁטֵף בַּמַּיִם Leviticus 15:12 be rinsed out, off (P; of wooden vessel); 3rd masculine plural יִשָּֽׁטְפוּ מִלְּפָנָיו Daniel 11:22 be swept away (defeated), read probably יִשָּׁטֵף (for יִשְׁטֹף), also v Daniel 11:26 (compare Driver).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular וּמֹרַק וְשֻׁטַּף בַּמָּ֑יִם Leviticus 6:21 it shall be scoured and rinsed.

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שֹׁטֵר

noun (masc.) official, officer (proposes scribe, secretary? or from original meaning as arranger, organizer?);—absolute שׁ׳ Proverbs 6:7, שׁו׳ II Chronicles 26:11; plural שֹׁטְרִים Deuteronomy 1:15 +, etc.;—appar. subordinate officer, judicial, civil or military (compare Driver Deuteronomy 1:15 Gray Numbers 11:16): organizing people for marching Joshua 1:10; Joshua 3:2 (both E), compare Deuteronomy 20:5, Deuteronomy 20:8, Deuteronomy 20:9; appointed over Isr. by Egyptian overseers Exodus 5:14, compare v Exodus 5:6, Exodus 5:10, Exodus 5:15, Exodus 5:19 (all J); elsewhere + זְקֵנִים Numbers 11:16, Deuteronomy 29:9; Deuteronomy 31:28; + שׁ פְטִים Deuteronomy 16:18 I Chronicles 23:4; I Chronicles 26:29, + ז׳ et שֹׁפ׳ Joshua 8:33 (R^D), and (+ רָאשִׁים) Joshua 23:2 (R^D), Joshua 24:1 (E, or R^D); שֹׁט׳ as minor judges also Deuteronomy 1:15; שֹׁט׳ הַמְשָֽׁרְתִים אֶת־הַמֶּלֶךְ I Chronicles 27:1, chosen from Levites II Chronicles 19:11; II Chronicles 34:13 (+ סוֹפְרִים, שׁוֹעֲרִים); as title of individ. II Chronicles 26:11 (‖ הַסּוֹפֵר); of ant, אֵין־לָהּ קָצִין שֹׁטֵר וּמֹשֵׁל Proverbs 6:7.

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שִׁטְרַי

n.pr.m. an official of David, I Chronicles 27:29 Kt (> Qr שִׁרְטִי); Ασαρταις, Σατραι.

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שַׁי

noun (masc.) gift offered as homage (√ doubtful; perhaps in spite of שׁ = ش Arabic شَيِىَٔ, verb wish, شَىْءٌ thing (weakened from thing desired); compare חֵפֶץ 4);—יוּבַל שׁ׳ Isaiah 18:7, יֹבִילוּ שׁ׳ Psalms 76:12, יוֹב׳ שָׁ֑י Psalms 68:30.

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שָׁיָה

verb only

future (עתיד) apoc. צוּר יְלָֽדְךָ תֶּ֑שִׁי Deuteronomy 32:18, but < read תִּשֶּׁה (II. נשׁה) the Rock which begat thee thou forgattest, Sam. תשא, Dillmann Driver.

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שִׁיזָא

n.pr.m. in Reuben, I Chronicles 11:42, Σαιζα, Σιζαι.

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שִׁיחַ

see שׁוח.

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שִׁיחוֹר

n.pr.flum. on border of Egypt, probably E. branch of Nile;—הַשּׁ׳ Joshua 13:3, שׁ׳ מִצְרַיִם I Chronicles 13:5; clearly = Nile, זֶרַע שִׁחֹר Isaiah 23:3 (‖ קְצִיר יְאוֹר), מֵי שִׁחוֹר Jeremiah 2:18; compare Delitzsch^{Pa 311} Wilson^{Hast. DB Shihor} (usually derived from I. שׁחר, as black water, but doubtful).

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שַׁיִט

see I. שׁוט.

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שִׁילוֹ

n.pr.location, שִׁילֹנִי etc., see שִׁלֹה.

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שִׁימוֹן

n.pr.m. in Judah, I Chronicles 4:20, Σεμ(ε)ιων, Σαμι.

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שִׁיר

noun (masc.) song (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; so Ecclus Ben Sira 40:21 +);—שׁ׳ absolute Judges 5;Judges 12 +, construct II Chronicles 29:27 +; with suffix שִׁירִי Psalms 28:7, etc.; plural שִׁירִים I Chronicles 13:8; Song of Songs 1:1; שִׁרִים Genesis 31:27; Proverbs 25:20; with suffix שִׁרֶ֫יךָ Amos 5:23, etc.;—

lyric song, + מָשָׁל I Kings 5:12, opposite קִינָה Amos 8:10; joyous Genesis 31:27 Isaiah 30:29; שׁ׳ עגבים Ezekiel 33:32; triumphal Judges 5:12; love song Song of Songs 1:1^(×2) (title שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים), Psalms 45:1 (שִׁיר יְדִידֹת); noisy Amos 5:23 Ezekiel 26:13, in drunken revels Isaiah 24:9, compare Isaiah 23:16; שׁ׳ כסילים Ecclesiastes 7:5; not for sorrow Proverbs 25:20 Psalms 137:3^(×2); בְּנוֹת הַשִּׁיר Ecclesiastes 12:4 songstresses (probably birds).

religious song, in worship, ‖ תפלה Psalms 42:9; usually praise, הלל בשׁיר Psalms 69:31; מִשִּׁירִי אֲהוֹדֶנּוּ Psalms 28:7; שִׁיר תְּהִלָּה וְהוֹדוֹת Nehemiah 12:46; שׁיר י׳ Psalms 137:4 II Chronicles 29:27; שׁיר חדשׁ Isaiah 42:10 (fresh outburst), + 6 times, see חָדָשׁ; in ψ-titles, שׁיר Isaiah 46:1, compare Isaiah 26:1; שׁיר המעלות pilgrim songs Psalms 120:1 + 14 times (see ii. מַעֲלָה p. 752); c. מִזְמוֹר Psalms 48:1 + 12 times (see מִז׳ p. 274); מַשְׂכִּיל שִׁיר Psalms 45:1; (שׁ׳ orig. alone in all except Psalms 30:1; Psalms 92:1; Psalms 108:1, see Br^{JBL xviii (1899), 138}).

specif. song of Levitical choirs, with musical accomp., I Chronicles 6:16, I Chronicles 6:17; I Chronicles 13:8 (so read also ‖ II Samuel 6:5 for בְּרוֹשִׁים, Septuagint Th and mod., compare ב׳), I Chronicles 25:6, I Chronicles 25:7; II Chronicles 23:18; II Chronicles 29:28 Nehemiah 12:27; כלי (ה)שׁיר instrument to accompany song I Chronicles 15:16 + 6 times (see כְּלִי 2 b); compare Amos 6:5.

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שִׁירָה

noun (fem.) song (plural [שׁ]ירות Ecclus Ben Sira 39:15);—absolute שׁ׳ Exodus 15:1 + 9 times; construct שִׁירַת Isaiah 5:1; Isaiah 23:15; plural construct שִׁירוֹת Amos 8:3 (read שָׁרוֹת Septuagint Hoffmann^{journal ZAW iii (1883)} Wellhausen al.);—song, ode, Exodus 15:1, II Samuel 22:1 = Psalms 18:1, Deuteronomy 31:19^(×2), Deuteronomy 31:21, Deuteronomy 31:22, Deuteronomy 31:30; Deuteronomy 32:44; Numbers 21:17 Isaiah 5:1; Isaiah 23:15.

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שִׁיר²

verb sing (denom. according to Noldeke^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 537} Gerb¹⁷², but, if so, an old one);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שָׁר Psalms 7:1; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָשִׁיר Exodus 15:1 Numbers 21:17 (read יָשִׁר Job 33:27 for יָשׁר, √ II. שׁוּר, so Siegfried-Stade Budde Gerb; in this sense also Ewald De Dillmann RV and all mod.); 3rd feminine singular וַתָּ֫שַׁר Judges 5:1, etc.; imperative (ציווי) mpl. שִׁירוּ Exodus 15:21 +; infinitive (מקור) construct לָשׁוּר I Samuel 18:6 Kt (< Qr לָשִׁיר, so Budde; Septuagint (Vaticanus) om., compare Driver Kittel^Kau HPS Nowack); participle (בינוני) שָׁר Proverbs 25:20; plural שָׁרִים II Samuel 19:36 +; f. שָׁרוֹת II Samuel 19:36 + 2 times + Amos 8:3 (read for שִׁירוֹת; see שִׁירָה);—sing, with a direct object שִׁיר Isaiah 42:10 Psalms 33:3 + 5 times; שִׁירָה Exodus 15:1; Numbers 21:17 Isaiah 5:1; שׁ׳ בשׁרים Proverbs 25:20; מִשִּׁיר צִיּוֹן Psalms 137:3; שׁגיון Psalms 7:1 (Septuagint מזמור), תהלה Psalms 106:12; with a direct object of theme Psalms 59:17; Psalms 89:2; absolute Judges 5:1; I Samuel 18:6; c. לְ Psalms 13:6; Psalms 96:1, Psalms 96:2 = I Chronicles 16:23, Exodus 15:1, Exodus 15:21; Jeremiah 20:13; ‖ זמּר Psalms 68:5, Psalms 68:33; Psalms 101:1; Psalms 104:33; Psalms 105:2 = I Chronicles 16:9; Judges 5:3; + זמּר absolute Psalms 57:8 = Psalms 108:2; with a direct object theme Psalms 21:14; c. לְ person Psalms 27:6; of nature Psalms 65:14 (after הַתְרוֹעֵעַ); על אנשׁים Job 33:27 (see supra); pt. שָׁרִים singers II Samuel 19:36 I Kings 10:12 + 6 times (Ezekiel 40:44 read שְׁתַּיִם Septuagint Hitzig Co mod.); שָׁרוֹת songstresses II Samuel 19:36; II Chronicles 35:25; Ecclesiastes 2:8 + Amos 8:3 (see supra).—Psalms 138:5 read וְיָשִׂיחוּ. Pōʿl.₃₆ past (עבר) 3rd masculine plural שֹׁרְרוּ Job 36:24; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְשׁוֹרֵר Zephaniah 2:14; participle (בינוני) מְשׁוֹרֵר I Chronicles 6:18; II Chronicles 29:28; plural מְשֹׁרְרִים Ezra 2:65 +, etc.;—sing: birds Zephaniah 2:14; men Job 36:24; elsewhere pt. of Levitical singers I Chronicles 6:18; I Chronicles 9:33 + 31 times, + fpl. Ezra 2:65 songstresses = Nehemiah 7:66.

be sung: future (עתיד) יוּשַׁר הַשִׁיר הַזֶּה Isaiah 26:1.

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שַׁ֫יִשׁ

n.[m.] alabaster (foreign word? Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic שַׁיְשָׁא, ܫܺܝܫܳܐ, perhaps Assyrian šaššu);—אַבְנֵי־שׁ׳ I Chronicles 29:2 (material of temple); compare Patrick^{Hast.DB Marble}.

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שֵׁשׁ²

noun (masc.) the same;—עַמּוּדֵי שׁ׳ Song of Songs 5:15 (in figuratively), Esther 1:6 a, material of pavement v Esther 1:6 b (see בַּ֫הַט).—I. שֵׁשׁ, see שׁדשׁ.

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שִׁישָׁא

n.pr.m. Solomon’s time, I Kings 4:3, Σαβα, Σεισα, SeptuagintL Σαφατ; compare שְׂרָיָה.

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שִׁישַׁק

n.pr.m. king of Egypt, Solomon’s time (10th cent. b.c.), I Kings 11:40; I Kings 14:25 Qr (Kt שושק), = II Chronicles 12:2; II Chronicles 12:9, שִׁישָׁ֑ק v II Chronicles 12:5^(×2), II Chronicles 12:7; = Šešonḳ I, first king of 22nd dynasty, Blau^{ZMG xv (1861), 233 ff.} Steind^{BAS i. 351}; = Sošenḳ WMM^{As. u. Eur. 166 ff.; Ency. Bib. Shishak}; compare Griffith^{Hast.DB Shishak}.

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שִׁית

verb put, set (Noldeke^{Beitr. z. Sem. Sprachwiss. 39 f.}; compare Phoenician שת Lidzbarski ³⁷⁵; Ecclus שית participle (בינוני) passive Ben Sira 31:27 (?); see also (Noldeke^{l.c. 41}) Syriac ܫܺܝܽܘܬܳܐ quality, appearance);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שָׁת Genesis 4:25 +, 3rd feminine singular שָׁ֫תָה I Samuel 4:20 +, 2nd masculine singular שַׁ֫תָּה Psalms 8:7, שַׁ֫תָּ Psalms 90:8, with suffix שַׁתַּ֫נִי Psalms 88:7, Psalms 88:9, 1st singular שַׁ֫תִּי Psalms 73:28 +; 3rd plural שָּׁ֫תוּ Exodus 33:4 + 3 times, metapl. שַׁתּוּ Psalms 49:15; Psalms 73:9 (other forms not found); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יָשִׁית Exodus 21:22 +, juss. יָשֵׁת Job 9:33, וַיָּ֫שֶׁת Genesis 30:40 +; 3rd feminine singular with suffix וַתְּשִׁתֵ֫הוּ Ruth 4:16, תִּשִׁיתֵ֫מוֹ Psalms 21:10 +, 1st singular with suffix אֲשִׁתֶ֫נּוּ I Kings 11:34; imperative (ציווי) ms. שִׁית Proverbs 27:23, שִׁיתָ֫ה Psalms 9:21; Psalms 141:3; fs. שִׁ֫תִי Jeremiah 31:21, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute שֹׁת Isaiah 22:7; construct שִׁית Job 30:1 +; participle (בינוני) passive וְשִׁית (Jeremiah 13:16 Qr, but read Kt יָשִׁית); with suffix שִׁתִי Exodus 10:1;—

put, lay hand upon, עַל, Genesis 46:4, Genesis 48:14, Genesis 48:17, Job 9:33 Psalms 139:5; c. עִם in evil partnership, Exodus 23:1; put ornaments, עַל person, Exodus 33:4; compare I Samuel 2:8 Isaiah 15:9 Job 22:24 Ruth 3:15; lay child into (ב) bosom Ruth 4:16; put wisdom, ב location, Job 38:36, compare Proverbs 26:24; אָשִׁית עֵצוֹת בְּנַפְשִׁי Psalms 13:3, that is take counsel, plan; מַחְסִי בי׳ Psalms 73:28; put things תַּחַת רַגְלָיו Psalms 8:7; lay (penalty) עַל person Exodus 21:22, sin Numbers 12:11, compare (c. אֲשֶׁר = where) Psalms 84:4; nearly = give (נתן), direct object + ל person Genesis 4:25 (J; explan. of name שֵׁת), appoint Psalms 9:21.

set, station, sheep לְבַדּוֹ Genesis 30:40, compare לֹא שָׁתָם עַל v Genesis 30:40; direct object person = appoint (עַל over) Genesis 41:33; set לָמוֹ person (ל 3 b) + ב location Psalms 73:18, so (direct object) Psalms 88:7 and (obj. person om.) Psalms 12:6, set crown לְרֹאשׁוֹ Psalms 21:4, set one (מִן partit.) לְכִסֵּא Psalms 132:11; set person among (ב person) II Samuel 19:29; Jeremiah 3:19, compare (עִם) Job 30:1; set watch לְפִי Psalms 141:3, snares לִי Psalms 140:6, enmity, בֵּין person Genesis 3:15; iniquities לְנֶגְדֶּ֑ךָ Psalms 90:8, compare Psalms 101:3; set, direct face, אֶל location Numbers 24:1, eyes לִנְטוֹת בָּאָרֶץ Psalms 17:11.

in phr. שׁ׳ לֵב לְ set one’s mind to, give heed, attention (compare שׂוּם 2 b), Exodus 7:23, II Samuel 13:20; Jeremiah 31:21 Psalms 48:14 Proverbs 22:17; Proverbs 27:23, c. אֶל Job 7:17, absolute I Samuel 4:20 Psalms 62:11; Proverbs 24:32 I reflected.

set, fix, גְּבוּל Exodus 23:31 (E; c. מִן … עַד), תָּשִׁית לִי הֹק Job 14:13 wouldst fix me a limit, Job 38:11 (וּפֹא יָשִׁית בִּגְאוֹן גַּלָּיךָ De al. here shall one fix it [the boundary, חֹק, v Job 14:10] = it shall be fixed against, etc.: but explan. very forced: Me Kau יִשָּׁבֵר ג׳, Bi Budde יִשְׁבֹּת ג׳).

constitute, make one something, 2 direct object, I Kings 11:34 I will make him prince, Isaiah 5:6; Isaiah 26:1; Jeremiah 22:6 Psalms 21:7; Psalms 84:7; Psalms 88:9 (+ למוֹ ind. obj.), Psalms 110:1 II Samuel 22:12 ‖ Psalms 18:12; תְּשִׁיתֵמוֹ שֶׁ֑כֶם Psalms 21:13 = thou wilt make them (all) shoulder, make them turn their back, flee (compare Psalms 18:41); direct object + ל make something into Jeremiah 2:15 = Jeremiah 50:3; Jeremiah 13:16 Psalms 45:17 (+ ב location); direct object + ב comp. make one like Hosea 2:5 (‖ שִׂים), Isaiah 16:3 Psalms 21:10; Psalms 83:12, Psalms 83:14; direct object only, make, prepare, feast Jeremiah 51:39, compare שָׁת קָצִיר לָךְ Hosea 6:11 (read poss. שִׁית, pt. passive), make darkness Psalms 104:20; = perform signs, ב location Exodus 10:1.

internally trans., = take one’s stand (compare שִׂים 4 a) הַפָּרָשִׁים שֹׁת שָׁתוּ הַשָּׁ֑עְרָה Isaiah 22:7; c. עָלָֽי (against) Psalms 3:7.—יָשִׁית מִמֶּנִּי Job 10:20 (Kt; > Qr imperative (ציווי) וְשִׁית) is doubtful, יָשִׁית = יָשֵׁת: De direct (attention) away from me, compare Dillmann (ellipsis of יָד, פָּנִים, or לֵב), Duhm (sc. יָד; reads imperative (ציווי)); Lagarde (so Budde) proposes יִשְׁבֹּת, Siegf (יָדוֹ) יָשֵׁב, Septuagint Beer (best) שְׁעֵה (Job 7:19), with יְמֵי חֶלְדִּי (Septuagint Budde Be Duhm) for יָמַי יחדל probably rightly.

(or Qal passive Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 53 u), future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יוּשַׁת Exodus 21:30 if a ransom be imposed עָלָיו, see Exodus 21:30.

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שִׁית²

noun (masc.) garment (Noldeke^{Beitrlige, 41 f.}, cp. Syriac ܫܺܝܽܘܬܳܐ appearance, and qu. שִׁיֻּת?);—construct שִׁית זוֹנָה Proverbs 7:10; figuratively שׁ׳ חָמָס Psalms 73:6 (see II. עטף).

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שֵׁת

n.pr.m. third son of Adam; Genesis 4:25 (where expl. from √ שִׁית), v Genesis 4:26 Genesis 5:3, Genesis 5:4, Genesis 5:6, Genesis 5:7, Genesis 4:8; I Chronicles 1:1; Σηθ.—In כָּל־בְּנֵי־שֵׁת Numbers 24:17 (poem in J), read probably שֵׁאת tumult (compare Lamentations 3:47), or שְׂאֵת (see sub נשׂא), compare Gray.—ii. שֵׁת, see II. שׁתה.

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שָׁת

noun (masc.) (Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 84}) foundation, stay (of society) (√ שׁית Gesenius' Thesaurus Konig^{ii. 1, 172});—plural הַשָּׁתוֹת יֵהָרֵס֑וּן Psalms 11:3 (probably figuratively of established usages, laws, etc., Jer. leges, Sym. θεσμοί, so Hup-Nowack Bae Cheyne⁽¹⁸⁸⁸⁾ al.; > Gesenius' Thesaurus al. of nobles); Gesenius' Thesaurus puts here also שָֽׁתֹתֶ֫יהָ Isaiah 19:10 (so Masoretic Text probably intends), which Ewald Dillmann Kittel then interpret of working-classes, ‖ עֹשֵׂי שֶׂכֶר; but perhaps opposite of this, the upper classes, so as to include all ranks of society, Gesenius' Thesaurus De Cheyne^Comm.; Cheyne^Haupt Buhl al. שֹׁתֶיהָ weavers of it (compare Duhm Marti), see III. שׁתה.

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שַׁ֫יִת

n.[m.] coll. thorn-bushes (connex. with above √ doubtful; Dietr^{Abh. 73} cp. (improb.) שׁאה devastate, שְׁאִיָּה ruin, whence שׁ׳ wild, rough growth);—always c. שָׁמִיר: absolute שׁ׳ Isaiah 7:23, Isaiah 7:24; Isaiah 9:17; Isaiah 27:4 (compare Duhm); שָׁ֑יִת Isaiah 5:6; Isaiah 7:25; with suffix שִׁיתוֹ Isaiah 10:17 (figuratively Assyrian).

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שָׁכַב

(Lagarde^{BN 63})₂₁₂ verb lie down (Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; שכב Ecclus Ben Sira 47:23 (in death), משכב bed Ben Sira 40:5; Ben Sira 47:20 d, = death bed Ben Sira 46:19; Phoenician שכב, משכב (see מ׳ 1 below), Lidzbarski³⁷⁵; Ethiopic ሰከበ lie, so Aramaic שְׁכַב, ܫܟܶܒ; Nab. משכבא couch; Arabic سَكَبَ only pour out (water, tears), be poured out (compare Hiph. below, and Lagarde^{BN 63}));—Qal past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Genesis 26:10 +, etc.; future (עתיד) יִשְׁכַּב Genesis 30:15 +, 3rd masculine plural יִשְׁכְּבֻן I Samuel 2:22, יִשְׁכָּב֑וּן Joshua 2:8 Job 30:17, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שְׁכַב II Samuel 13:5 Ezekiel 4:4, שִׁכְבָה Genesis 39:7, Genesis 39:12, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׁכֹב Leviticus 15:24; construct שְׁכַב I Kings 1:21 +, with suffix שָׁכְבוֹ Ruth 3:4, שִׁכְבָהּ Genesis 19:33, Genesis 19:35, שָׁכְבְּךָ Deuteronomy 6:7 + 2 times; participle (בינוני) שֹׁכֵב Genesis 28:13 +, f. שֹׁכֶ֫בֶת Micah 7:5; Ruth 3:8, etc.;—

lie down (sometimes opposite קוּם, הֵקִיץ):

Judges 5:27 (prostrated by blow, + כָּרַע, נָפַל).

to sleep, Genesis 19:4, Genesis 28:11, I Samuel 3:5; Deuteronomy 7:7; Proverbs 6:22 + often; read וַיִּשְׁכַּב) also (for וַיַּשְׁכֵּם I Samuel 9:26 Septuagint Th Wellhausen Driver and mod.; שׁ׳ + יָשֵׁן sleep I Kings 19:5 Psalms 3:6; Psalms 4:9, compare Proverbs 3:24^(×2), + נִרְדָּם Jonah 1:5; = be lying I Samuel 3:2, I Samuel 3:3; I Samuel 26:5 (all בְּ location), v I Samuel 26:7 I Samuel 4:5 (direct object cogn. noon-repose), II Samuel 13:8, compare שֹׁכֵב בְּלֶב־יָם Proverbs 23:34, of two lying (together, for warmth) Ecclesiastes 4:11; + be sleeping I Samuel 26:7; = keep lying, c. עַד Judges 16:3; I Samuel 3:14; Ruth 3:13; Proverbs 6:9; emphasis on resting, Leviticus 26:6, Job 11:18; token of mourning, וְשָׁכַב אָ֑רְצָה (וְלָן) II Samuel 12:16, compare II Samuel 13:21, שׁ׳ בַּשָּׂק I Kings 21:27, שׁ׳ בֵּין שְׁפַתָּ֑יִם Psalms 68:14 (of indolence?); figuratively of prostration by disease Psalms 41:9 among foes Psalms 57:5; of humiliation Jeremiah 3:25; c. עַל rei: land Genesis 28:13, usually bed II Samuel 13:5; I Kings 21:4; Leviticus 15:4, Leviticus 15:24, Leviticus 15:26, compare v Leviticus 15:20, for midday repose II Samuel 4:7.

lie on (עַל) one’s side Ezekiel 4:4^(×2), Ezekiel 4:6, Ezekiel 4:9 (symbol.).

lie, עַל person I Kings 3:19 (fatally), II Kings 4:34 (to revive).

lie בְּחֵיק, of lamb (that is be cherished) II Samuel 12:3, of woman Micah 7:5 (intimacy), I Kings 1:2 (vital warmth); lie down for copulation Genesis 19:33, Genesis 19:35 (of woman, see 3 below; both opposite קוּם).

= lodge (for night), (שָׁ֫מָּה) שׁ׳ Joshua 2:1, II Kings 4:11, compare II Kings 9:16 (yet perhaps = lie ill), Leviticus 14:47 (בְּ location).

of sexual relations, lie with: subj. man, c. עִם Genesis 30:15, Genesis 30:16; Genesis 39:7, Genesis 39:12, Genesis 39:14, Exodus 22:15, Deuteronomy 22:22 + 8 times Dt., II Samuel 11:4, II Samuel 11:11; II Samuel 12:11, II Samuel 12:24 Leviticus 15:33; c. אֶת feminine with (Masoretic Text אֹתָהּ, etc., orig. אִתָּהּ, etc., see Driver II Samuel 13:14 and II. אֵת, p. 85a supra), Genesis 26:10; Genesis 34:2, Genesis 34:7; Genesis 35:22 (all J), I Samuel 2:22 (om. Septuagint and mod.), II Samuel 13:14; Ezekiel 23:8 (figuratively), Leviticus 15:24 (שָׁכֹב יִשְׁכַּב), Numbers 5:19, also (with a direct object cogn. שִׁכְבַת־זֶרַע) v Numbers 5:13 Leviticus 15:18; Leviticus 19:20; with a direct object (with suffix) feminine Deuteronomy 28:30 Kt (see [שָׁגֵל]); c. אֵצֶל feminine Genesis 39:10; c. אֵת vir. (sodomy), Leviticus 18:22; Leviticus 20:13 (both H; with a direct object cogn. מִשְׁכְּבֵי אִשָּׁח); c. עִם־בְּהֵמָה Deuteronomy 27:21; Exodus 22:18; subj. woman, c. עִם vir. Genesis 19:32, Genesis 19:34, Genesis 19:35 II Samuel 13:11; אֵת vir. Genesis 19:33, Genesis 19:34 (compare 1 e supra).

lie down in death, Isaiah 14:8; Isaiah 43:17 (opposite קוּם), Ezekiel 31:18; Ezekiel 32:27, Ezekiel 32:28, Ezekiel 32:29, Ezekiel 32:30; Job 14:12 (opposite קוּם, הֵקִיץ), שׁ׳ וְאֶשְׁקוֹט Job 3:13; be lying (dead) Isaiah 51:20; Lamentations 2:21.

especially in phr. שׁ׳ עִם אֲבוֹתָיו lie down with his fathers, of kings I Kings 1:21; I Kings 2:10 + 35 times K Ch, compare Genesis 47:30, Deuteronomy 31:16, and (c. אֵת) II Samuel 7:12.

in grave, בְּבֵיתוֹ Isaiah 14:18 (opposite מִקִּבְרְךָ), שֹׁכְבֵי קֶבֶר Psalms 88:6; לֶעָפָר Job 7:21, עַל־ע׳ Job 20:11; Job 21:26; in Sh^e’ôl Ezekiel 32:21; in Gehenna (?) Isaiah 50:11.

figuratively = relax: Job 30:17 my gnawing pains do not sleep; = have rest, לֹא שׁ׳ לִבּוֹ Ecclesiastes 2:23. †Niph.Pu. = be lain with (sexually; subj. woman), only as Qr for Kt [שָׁגֵל] Niph.Pu. q.see †Hiph. lay, past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular הִשְׁכִּיבָה with a direct object puer. + בְּחֵיק I Kings 3:20, so future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular with suffix וַתַּשְׁכִּיבֵהוּ v I Kings 3:20, compare (עַל־מִטָּה) I Kings 17:19 II Kings 4:21; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַשְׁכֵּב אוֹתָם אַ֫רְצָה II Samuel 8:2 making them lie down on ground; future (עתיד) also lay בַּמִּשְׁכָּב II Chronicles 16:14 (of burial); נִבְלֵי שָׁמַיִם מִי יַשְׁכִּיב Job 38:37 that is tip them so that contents may flow out (compare Arabic سَكَبَ supra). †Hoph. participle (בינוני) מֻשְׁכָּב II Kings 4:32 laid עַל־מִטָּה; past (עבר) consec. וְהֻשְׁכַּב Ezekiel 32:32 shall be laid (in death), c. בְּתוֹךְ et אֵת person (with); so imperative (ציווי) ms. הָשְׁכְּבָה v Ezekiel 32:19 (c. אֵת person only).

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שְׁכָבָה

noun (fem.) act of lying, layer;—only construct שִׁכְבַת;—

act of lying, as direct object cogn. c. שׁכב 3: שִׁכְבַת־זָ֑רַע Leviticus 15:18 a man lies with her a lying of seed (in copulation), compare Leviticus 19:20 Numbers 5:13; then (= semen), תֵּצֵא שִׁכְבַת־זָ֑רַע Leviticus 15:16, Leviticus 15:32 Leviticus 22:4 (+ מִמֶּנּוּ), שׁ׳ ז׳ alone Leviticus 15:17.

layer of dew, שִׁכְבַת הַטָּ֑ל Exodus 16:13, Exodus 16:14.

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שָׁכַח

verb forget (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Ecclus Ben Sira 45:26^c and (Pi.) Ben Sira 11:25^(×2); Aramaic שְׁכַח, ܫܟܰܚ is find);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Psalms 9:13 +, with suffix שְׁכֵחָ֑נִי Isaiah 49:14; 2nd feminine singular שָׁכַחַתְּ Jeremiah 13:25; 1st plural with suffix שְׁכַחֲנוּךָ Psalms 44:18, etc.; future (עתיד) יִשְׁכַּח Deuteronomy 4:31 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) fs. שִׁכְחִי Psalms 45:11; infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׁכֹחַ; participle (בינוני) plural construct שֹׁכְחֵי Job 8:13 Psalms 50:22;—forget:

subj. man,

direct object rei Genesis 27:45, Deuteronomy 4:9; Deuteronomy 9:7 (opposite זָכַר) +, = forget and leave, ב location, Deuteronomy 24:19; c. obj. cl. c. כִּי Job 39:15; c. מִן inf. Psalms 102:5.

with a direct object person, involving forgetting to mention, Genesis 40:23 (E; opposite זכר), ceasing to care for Jeremiah 30:14 (figuratively), Isaiah 49:15^(×2) (direct object om.), v Isaiah 49:15 Job 19:14 Psalms 45:11; with a direct object Jerusalem Psalms 137:5; יִשְׁכָּחֵהוּ רֶחֶם Job 24:20; absolute Psalms 137:5 תִּשְׁכַּח יְמִינִי: AE Ki supply הַמַּעֲשֶׂה or הַנִּגּוּן (whence AV her cunning), but forced: Septuagint תִּשָּׁכַח; read probably (Gratz Budde al.) תִּכְחַשׁ let it grow lean (Psalms 109:24, compare Zechariah 11:17), or (Cheyne) תְּכַחֵשׁ let it disappoint (me), fail (Habakkuk 3:17).

especially with a direct object י׳ (God), Hosea 2:15; Hosea 8:14; Hosea 13:6; Judges 3:7; I Samuel 12:9; Isaiah 17:10; Deuteronomy 8:19 (שָׁכֹהַ תִּשׁ׳) + 16 times (5 times Dt, 4 times Je), + Psalms 59:12 (direct object om.); also direct object of divine name Jeremiah 23:27 (בַּבַּעַל), Psalms 44:21; commands of י׳ Hosea 4:6; Deuteronomy 26:13 (direct object om.) Psalms 119:16 + 7 times Psalms 119, his doings and ways, v Psalms 119:139; Psalms 78:7, Psalms 78:11; Psalms 103:2; Psalms 106:13, his covenant Deuteronomy 4:23, Deuteronomy 4:31; II Kings 17:38; Proverbs 2:17; law of wisdom Proverbs 3:1, sc. direct object בִּינָה Proverbs 4:6.

subj. י׳ (God):

direct object person Hosea 4:6 I Samuel 1:11 (opposite זָכַר), Lamentations 5:20; Isaiah 49:14 (‖ עָזַב), Psalms 10:12; Psalms 13:2; Psalms 42:10.

direct object of sins Amos 8:7 Psalms 10:11 (direct object om.), cry Psalms 9:13 (opposite זָכַר), compare, of distress, Psalms 44:25.

voice of foes Psalms 74:23.

followed by inf. Psalms 77:10.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִשְׁכַּה Ecclesiastes 9:5, etc.; future (עתיד) יִשָּׁכַח Psalms 9:19, 3rd feminine singular תִּשָּׁכֵחַ Jeremiah 20:11, etc.; participle (בינוני) fs. נִשְׁכָּחָה Isaiah 23:16, נִשְׁכַּחַת v Isaiah 23:15, plural נִשְׁכָּחִים Job 28:4;—be forgotten: subj. rei Genesis 41:30, Deuteronomy 31:21; Jeremiah 20:11; Jeremiah 23:40; Jeremiah 50:5; Isaiah 65:11; subj. person Psalms 9:19; Psalms 31:13; Ecclesiastes 2:16, Tyre Isaiah 23:15, Isaiah 23:16 (under figuratively of harlot), subj. זִכְרָם Ecclesiastes 9:5; הַנִּשׁ׳ מִנִּי רָ֑גֶל Job 28:4.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שִׁכַּח י׳ וגו׳ Lamentations 2:6 י׳ hath caused to forget (be forgotten) in Zion assembly and sabbath.

infinitive (מקור) לְהַשְׁכִּיחַ Jeremiah 23:27 to make my people forget my name (2 direct object).

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יִשְׁתַּכְּחוּ Ecclesiastes 8:10 they were forgotten in the city.

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שָׁכֹל

verb be bereaved (= Arabic ثَكِلَ, Targum תְּכוֹל, תְּכֵל; compare Syriac ܬܟܳܠܴܐ loss of children);—

past (עבר) 1st singular כַּאֲשֶׁר שָׁכֹלְתִּי שָׁכָ֑לְתִּי Genesis 43:14 if I am bereaved, I am bereaved (of father, expr. resignation; on כָ֑לְ see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 29 u); future (עתיד) 1st singular אֶשְׁכַּל Genesis 27:45, with a direct object person be bereaved of you both (of mother); 3rd feminine singular תִּשְׁכַּל מִנָּשִׁים אִמֶּ֑ךָ I Samuel 15:33 thy mother shall be bereaved above (more than) women.

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular שִׁכְּלָה I Samuel 15:33 +, with suffix וְשִׁכְּלָ֑תָּה Ezekiel 14:15, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תְּשַׁכֵּל Deuteronomy 32:25 +, 2nd feminine singular תְּשַׁכְּלִי Ezekiel 36:14 Qr (see כָּשַׁל Pi.); infinitive (מקור) construct with suffix לְשַׁכְּלָם v Ezekiel 36:12; participle (בינוני) מְשַׁכֵּלָה Exodus 23:26, -כֶּ֫לֶת Ezekiel 36:13, -כָּ֑לֶת II Kings 2:19, II Kings 2:21;—

make childless, direct object of father Genesis 42:36, of mothers I Samuel 15:33 (subj. חֶרֶב), compare Leviticus 26:22 Ezekiel 5:17 (subj. famine and beasts), and Ezekiel 14:15 (the same; obj. land); direct object of people Hosea 9:12 (מֵאָדָם), Jeremiah 15:7 (+ אִבַּדְתִּי), Ezekiel 36:12, compare v Ezekiel 36:13, Ezekiel 36:14 (see supra); obj. om. (subj. חֶרֶב) Deuteronomy 32:25; Lamentations 1:20; Ezekiel 21:19 (Co, for תִּכָּפֵל, see כָּפַל p. 495b; otherwise Toy Krae).

cause barrenness, or abortion, הָאָרֶץ מְשַׁכְּ׳ II Kings 2:19, compare v II Kings 2:21 (Gesenius' Thesaurus otherwise, see מְשׁ׳ infra).

shew abortion, (1) of any female Exodus 23:26 (E; + עֲקָרָה), animals Genesis 31:38; Job 21:10; (2) of vine Malachi 3:11.

participle (בינוני) רֶחֶם (וְשָׁדַיִם צֹמְקִים) מַשְׁכִּיל Hosea 9:14 miscarrying womb.—Jeremiah 50:9 read מַשְׂכִּיל successful, Septuagint Peshitta Heb Codd. Ewald Hitzig Gf Gie.

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שְׁכוֹל

n.[m.] bereavement, loss of children;—לֹא אֵדַע שׁ׳ Isaiah 47:8 (‖ אַלְמָנָה), compare v Isaiah 47:9; figuratively Psalms 35:12.

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שָׁכוּל

adjective childless (through bereavement);—fs. שְׁכוּלָה Isaiah 49:21 (figuratively of Zion);—on form see Barth^{NB 47}.

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שַׁכּוּל

adjective bereaved, robbed of offspring (Barth ^{§ 37 c});—especially דֹּב שׁ׳ II Samuel 17:8; Hosea 13:8; Proverbs 17:12 (sim. of fierceness); נְשֵׁיהֶם שַׁכֻּלוֹת Jeremiah 18:21; שַׁבֻּלָה אֵין בָּהֶם Song of Songs 4:2 (of flock, in sim.) = Song of Songs 6:6.

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שְׁכֶם

noun (masc.)^{Zephaniah 3:9} shoulder;—absolute שׁ׳ Genesis 48:22 +, שְׁכֶ֑ם Genesis 33:19 +, שֶׁ֑כֶם Psalms 21:13 (whence orig. *šakm inferred Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 147 a ad fin. Stade's Hebrew Grammar § 199 a; but—ֶ der. from—ִ before ב, Barth^{NB 104} Konig^{ii. 1, 67, 506}); construct שְׁכֶם Genesis 9:23; with suffix שִׁכְמוֹ Genesis 49:15 +, שִׁכְמָה (for שִׁכְמָהּ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 91 e) Job 31:22, etc.;—

shoulder (sometimes incl. back of neck; כתף = shoulder-blade):

as bearing burdens, וַיֵּט שׁ׳ לִסְבֹּל Genesis 49:15 (poem in J; Issach. under figuratively of ass), compare Genesis 21:14, Genesis 24:15, Genesis 24:45; Exodus 12:34, also Genesis 9:23 (all J), Joshua 4:5, Judges 9:48; Isaiah 10:27 (‖ צַוָּאר), Isaiah 14:25 (both figuratively), Psalms 81:7, so, metaphorically, of responsibility of rule Isaiah 9:5; Isaiah 22:22 (symbolized by key), of accusation as (easy) burden Job 31:36; figuratively also לְעָבְדוֹ שׁ׳ אֶחָד Zephaniah 3:9 to serve him (with) one shoulder (as one man), compare Syriac ܚܰܕ ܟܰܬܦܳܐ.

in statement of Saul’s height, מִשִּׁכְמוֹ וָמַ֫עְלָה גָּבֹהַּ מִכָּל־הָעָם I Samuel 9:2, compare I Samuel 10:23 and (with play on n.pr.location שְׁכֶם) נָתַתִּי לְךָ שׁ׳ אַחַד עַל־אַחֶיךָ Genesis 48:22 (E; compare Driver).

in generally back: כְּהַפְנֹתוֹ שִׁכְמוֹ לָלֶכֶת מֵעִם I Samuel 10:9; so תְּשִׁיתֵמוֹ שׁ׳ Psalms 21:13, that is make them turn (in flight; compare וְאוֹיְבַי נָתַתָּה לִי עֹרֶף Psalms 18:41); as beaten מַטֵּה שׁ׳ Isaiah 9:3 (‖ שֵׁבֶט הַנֹּגֵשׂ בּוֹ); more anatom. כְּתֵפִי מִשּׁ׳ תִפּוֹל Job 31:22 let my shoulder-blade fall from its back.—Hosea 6:9 see ii. שְׁכֶם.

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שְׁכֶם²

n.pr.location₄₉ et m.14 (Συχεμ; SeptuagintL often Σίκιμα Lagarde^{BN 57}):

district in N. Palestine (probably shoulder (saddle?) of mount.);—מְקוֹם שׁ׳ Genesis 12:6, שְׁכֶ֑מָה Genesis 37:14; = city (שְׁכֶם, שְׁכֶ֑מָה, Hosea 6:9 שֶׁ֑כְמָה) Joshua 24:1; עִיר שׁ׳ Genesis 33:18; Judges 8:31 + 20 times Judges 9 (בַּעֲלֵי שׁ׳ v Judges 9:2 + 12 times, ב׳ מִגְדַּל־שׁ׳ v Judges 9:46, Judges 9:47), Hosea 6:9 + 21 times (עִיר שׁ׳ Genesis 33:18); city of refuge Joshua 20:7; Joshua 21:21; I Chronicles 6:52.—WMM^{As. u. Eur. 394}, cp. Egyptian Sa-ka-mà (compare Jen^{ZA x (1895) 356}); mod. Nablûs (from Rom. name Neapolis); see Buhl^{G 200 f.} GASm^{G 332 ff. 345} Wilson^{Hast. DB shechem}.

n.pr.m. (on connexion with 1 compare Judges 9:28), ‘son’ of Ḥamor, also Genesis 33:19; Genesis 34:2 + 10 times 34, Joshua 24:32.

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שֶׁ֫כֶם

n.pr.m. in Manasseh (Συχεμ): Numbers 26:31; I Chronicles 7:19; בְּנֵי־שׁ׳ Joshua 17:2.

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שָׁכַן

verb settle down, abide, dwell (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Ecclus Ben Sira 43:17 +; Phoenician שכן Lidzbarski³⁷⁵; Aramaic שְׁכֵין; Syriac ܫܟܶܢ, all dwell; Arabic سَكَنَ rest, dwell, compare Assyrian šakânu, set, lay, deposit, set up (a dwelling), intrans. be situated (of city), maškanu, place, dwelling-place);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Exodus 40:35 + 5 times; שָׁכֵ֑ן Deuteronomy 33:12 + 2 times, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁכֹּן Genesis 16:12 +; יִשְׁכָּן־ Numbers 9:17 + 2 times; 3rd masculine plural יִשְׁכֹּ֑נוּ Jeremiah 49:31; Jeremiah 49:3 fpl. תִּשְׁכֹּ֑נָּה Ezekiel 17:23, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שְׁכֹן Genesis 26:2 Psalms 37:27; שְׁכָן־ v Psalms 37:3; mpl. שִׁכְנוּ Jeremiah 48:28; infinitive (מקור) construct בִּשְׁכֹּן (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 45 g) Genesis 35:22, לִשְׁכּוֹן II Chronicles 6:1, etc.; with suffix שָׁכְנִי Exodus 29:46; שִׁכְנוֹ Deuteronomy 12:5 (but see Pi. 1), etc.; participle (בינוני) שֹׁכֵן Genesis 14:13 +, שֹׁכְנִי (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 90 l m) Deuteronomy 33:16 + 3 times; with suffix fs. שֹׁכַנְתְּי Jeremiah 51:13; participle (בינוני) passive appar. plural construct c. art. הַשְּׁכוּנֵי Judges 8:11 (but corrupt, n.pr.location needed, see GFM):—

settle down to abide:

of person: encamp Numbers 24:2; settle permanently Psalms 102:29 (absolute: ‖ יִכּוֹן); שׁ׳ כמלך Job 29:25 (‖ ישׁב); settle down (to remain) Judges 5:17; תַּחְתָּיו II Samuel 7:10 = I Chronicles 17:9 (not to be removed); especially at rest, peace, in security, לבטח Jeremiah 23:6; Jeremiah 33:16; Deuteronomy 33:12, compare בין כתפים v Deuteronomy 33:12; Psalms 16:9 (‖ שׂמח); בטח Deuteronomy 33:28 Proverbs 1:33; (ל)בדד Numbers 23:9 (poem) Jeremiah 49:31; Micah 7:14; land of Egypt Jeremiah 46:26 (remain undisturbed), so Jeremiah 50:39; Isaiah 13:20 (‖ תֵּשֵׁב, compare ישׁב 4); with a direct object מרומים Isaiah 33:16; absolute Nahum 3:18, subj. אדּירים (Wellhausen יָֽשְׁנוּ, Nowack יִשְׁכְּבוּ; ‖ נָמוּ); Proverbs 7:11 her feet tarry not in her house.

of animals: כְּלָבִיא Deuteronomy 33:20; ב location Isaiah 34:11; Job 37:8; שָׁם Isaiah 13:21; birds שׁ׳ תַּחַת (under) Ezekiel 17:23, שׁ׳ בְּצֵל, v Ezekiel 17:23; c. עַל = upon Ezekiel 31:13, = by Psalms 104:12; with a direct object סֶלַע Job 39:28; absolute, of man under figuratively of bird, אָע֫וּפָה וְאֶשְׁכֹּ֑נָה Psalms 55:7.

things: c. עַל of cloud, Job 3:5 settle down over; compare Exodus 24:16; Exodus 40:35; Numbers 9:17, Numbers 9:18, Numbers 9:22 (all P); c. בְּ Numbers 10:12.

abide, dwell:

of men: absolute Psalms 37:27 (לְעוֹלָם); שָׁ֫מָּה Isaiah 65:9; c. ב location Psalms 69:37 Job 18:15; Job 30:6; Micah 4:10; Jeremiah 48:28 + 10 times; לְחוֹף יַמִּים Genesis 49:13; c. עַל, by Judges 5:17; Jeremiah 51:13; upon Psalms 37:29; על פני Genesis 16:12; c. עִם with Psalms 120:5, Psalms 120:6; with a direct object Proverbs 2:21 Jeremiah 17:6 + 5 times; מִן … עַד Genesis 25:18; שֹׁכְנֵי אָ֑רֶץ Isaiah 18:3 (‖ ישְׁבֵי תֵבֵל).

of the dead: שֹׁכְנֵי עָפָר Isaiah 26:19 (‖ רְפָאִים); compare Job 26:5 (‖ the same), so mortals, שֹׁכְנֵי בָתֵּי חֹמֶר Job 4:19; שׁ׳ דוּמָה Psalms 94:17 (that is שׁאול).

of God: שׁ׳ בָּֽעֲרָפֶל I Kings 8:12 = II Chronicles 6:1 (poem); מָרוֹם Isaiah 33:5; עַד Isaiah 57:15; מָרוֹם וְקָדוֹשׁ v Isaiah 33:15; שׁ׳ סְנֶה Deuteronomy 33:16 (theoph.); בְּאָֽהֳלֵי־שֵׁם Genesis 9:27 (J, see Br^{MP 82}; al. Japheth subj.); בְּתוֹכָם Exodus 25:8; Exodus 29:46; Numbers 5:3 (all P), Ezekiel 43:9; c. בְּתוֹךְ elsewhere Exodus 29:45 + 6 times; ב location Psalms 85:10; later בְּצִיּוֹן Joel 4:17, Joel 4:21; בְּהַר צִיּוֹן Isaiah 8:18; Psalms 68:17, Psalms 68:19 (absolute) + 4 times; שֹׁכֵן יְרוּשָׁלַםִ Psalms 135:21.

things: אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד, c. את Leviticus 16:16; מִשְׁכַּן י׳ שָׁם Joshua 22:19; אוֹר Job 38:19.

abstr. subj.: מִשְׁפָּט Isaiah 32:16 (בַּמִּדְבָּר); חָכְמָה, with a direct object עָרְמָה Proverbs 8:12.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שִׁכֵּן Psalms 78:60; 1st singular שִׁכַּנְתִּי Jeremiah 7:7, Jeremiah 7:12; future (עתיד) 1st singular אֲשַׁכְּנָה Jeremiah 7:3; infinitive (מקור) construct שַׁכֵּן Numbers 14:30 + 7 times; with suffix שַׁכְּנוֹ Deuteronomy 12:5 (so read for Masoretic Text לְשִׁכְנוֹ, compare Konig^{ii. 1. 21});—

make settle down, establish: אֹהֶל שׁ׳ בָּֽאָדָֽם Psalms 78:60; especially in Dt, לְשַׁכֵּן שְׁמוֹ שָׁם establish his name there (compare šakan šuma as Canaanism Winckler^{TelAm. 138 Rev. 20; 181. 6}) Deuteronomy 12:11; Deuteronomy 14:23; Deuteronomy 16:2, Deuteronomy 16:6, Deuteronomy 16:11; Deuteronomy 26:2, compare Jeremiah 7:12 Nehemiah 1:9; + לָשׂוּם אֶת־שְׁמוֹ שָׁם לְשִׁכְנוֹ Deuteronomy 12:5 (read לְשַׁכְּנוֹ).

make to dwell: with a direct object person, ב location, Numbers 14:30 Jeremiah 7:3, Jeremiah 7:7.

past (עבר) 1st singular הִשְׁכַּ֫נְתִּי Ezekiel 32:4; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular juss. יַשְׁכֵּן Psalms 7:6, וַיַּשְׁכֵּן Genesis 3:24 Psalms 78:55, etc.;—

lay, כבודי לעפר Psalms 7:6 lay my honour in the dust (of death); place, set, Genesis 3:24; place, establish, אהל מועד at Shilo Joshua 18:1.

cause birds to settle, עַל Ezekiel 32:4.

cause to dwell, with a direct object person, ב location, Psalms 78:55; compare Job 11:14.

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שָׁכֵן

adjective inhabitant, neighbour;—שׁ׳ Isaiah 33:24 +; construct שְׁכַן Hosea 10:5; with suffix שְׁכֵנוֹ Exodus 12:4; שְׁכֵנָ֑יִכְי֯ II Kings 4:3, etc.; f. with suffix שְׁכֶנְתָּהּ Exodus 3:22; fpl. שְׁכֵנוֹת Ruth 4:17;—

inhabitant, Isaiah 33:24 Hosea 10:5.

neighbour: woman Exodus 3:22; plural Ruth 4:17; man Exodus 12:4 Jeremiah 6:21; Proverbs 27:10, plural II Kings 4:3; of places Deuteronomy 1:7; nations, to Judah Ezekiel 16:26 Psalms 79:12; הֶרְפָּה לִשְׁכֵנֵי(נוּ) Psalms 44:14; Psalms 79:4, compare Psalms 31:12; Psalms 89:42; מָדוֹן לשׁ׳ Psalms 80:7; to Edom Jeremiah 49:10; to Sodom v Jeremiah 49:18; Jeremiah 50:40; to י׳ Jeremiah 11:14 (because to people).

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שָׁכַר

verb be, or become, drunk, drunken (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, der. spec. and deriv.; Ecclus Ben Sira 40:18, Ben Sira 40:20 שכר strong drink; Arabic سَكِرَ be drunken, also be full, سَكَرَ fill; Assyrian šikaru, = שֵׁכָר, šakkûru, drunken, perhaps also verb šakâru; Ethiopic ሰክረ: Aramaic שִׁכְרָא, ܫܰܟܪܳܐ = שֵׁכָר, especially date-wine (Löw ^{p. 125}), compare ܫܟܰܪ be drunken, usually (der. spec.) defile, deform, etc.; from שֵׁכָר, Egyptian ṯà-k-ï̥ra WMM^{As. u. Eur. 102}, Gk. σίκερα Lewy^{Fremdw. 81});—

past (עבר) 3rd plural שָֽׁכְרוּ Isaiah 29:9; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיִּשְׁכָּ֑ר Genesis 9:21, 3rd masculine plural יִשְׁכָּר֑וּן Isaiah 49:26, etc.; imperative (ציווי) mpl. שִׁכְרוּ Jeremiah 25:27 Song of Songs 5:1; infinitive (מקור) construct לְשָׁכְרָה Haggai 1:6; participle (בינוני) passive שְׁכֻרַת Isaiah 51:21 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 130 b Lagarde^{BN 60});—become drunken Genesis 9:21, of social drinking Genesis 43:34, Song of Songs 5:1, token of plenty Haggai 1:6; figuratively of nations staggering helplessly under calamity Jeremiah 25:27; Jeremiah 51:21 (וְלֹא מִיָּ֑יִן), Nahum 3:11; of infatuation Isaiah 29:9 (וְלֹא יַיִן), of disgrace Lamentations 4:21, self-destruction, כֶּעָסִיס דָּמָם יִשׁ׳ Isaiah 49:26.

make drunken: future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix וַיְשַׁכְּרֵהוּ II Samuel 11:13, literally; figuratively 1st singular (with suffix of people) וַאֲשַׁכְּרֵם (read וָ׳) Isaiah 63:6 (subj. י׳) I made them drunk in my wrath (but MSS Gesenius Hitzig Ewald Cheyne Kittel Marti al. וָאֲשַׁבְּרֵם I brake them in pieces); participle (בינוני) fs., of Bab., מְשַׁכֶּרֶת כָּל־הָאָרֶץ Jeremiah 51:7; compare infinitive (מקור) absolute שַׁכֵּר Habakkuk 2:15 (i. e. terrorizing nations; read probably הַשְׁקֵה וְאַף שׁ׳ Wellhausen Nowack).

the same: past (עבר) 1st singular וְהִשְׁכַּרְתִּ֫י Jeremiah 51:57 (subj. י׳) that is make princes helpless, וְהִשְׁכַּרְתִּים v Jeremiah 51:39; imperative (ציווי) mpl. with suffix הַשְׁכִּירֻהוּ, obj. Moab, that is make helpless and disgraced Jeremiah 48:26; future (עתיד) 1st singular אַשְׁכִּיר חִצַּי מִדָּם Deuteronomy 32:42.—Ruben^{JQ xi (1899), 446} proposes מַשְׁכִּירוֹת Hosea 7:5 for משׁך ידו את.

future (עתיד) 2nd feminine singular תִּשְׁתַּכָּרִין I Samuel 1:14 how long wilt thou make thyself drunken [a drunken spectacle]?

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שֵׁכָר

n.[m.] intoxicating drink, strong drink (Barth^{NB § 71});—always שׁ׳ absolute; usually ‖ יַיִן (except Psalms 69:13): Isaiah 29:9; usually condemned, Isaiah 5:11, Isaiah 5:22; Isaiah 28:7^(×3); Isaiah 56:12 (נִסְבְּאָה שׁ׳), Micah 2:11; I Samuel 1:15; Proverbs 20:1; forbidden to priests on duty Leviticus 10:9; not for princes Proverbs 31:4; nor Nazirite Numbers 6:3; Judges 13:4, Judges 13:7, Judges 13:14, compare חֹמֶץ שׁ׳ Numbers 6:3; שׁוֹתֵי שׁ׳ Psalms 69:13 drunkards; but שׁ׳ as common drink Deuteronomy 29:5 (opposite to miraculous), allowable in sacrif. meal Deuteronomy 14:26, commended for weak and weary Proverbs 31:6; נֶסֶךְ שׁ׳ Numbers 28:7 (P; for יַיִן v Numbers 28:14 +); see further Kennedy^{Ency. Bib. iv. 5309 f.}.—On form compare Lagarde^{M ii. 357;BN 51}.

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שִׁכֹּר

adjective drunken (Barth^{NB § 134 b});—absolute שִׁכֹּר I Samuel 25:36, שִׁכּוֹר I Kings 16:9 +, f. שִׁכֹּרָה I Samuel 1:13, plural שִׁכּוֹרִים Joel 1:5, construct שִׁכֹּרֵי Isaiah 28:1; Isaiah 28:3;—drunken: I Samuel 25:36, אִישׁ שׁ׳ Jeremiah 23:9, שֹׁתֶה שׁ׳ I Kings 16:9 drinking (and) drunken, I Kings 20:16; as noun = drunken one, drunkard Isaiah 28:1, Isaiah 28:3 Proverbs 26:9, plural Joel 1:5 (‖ שֹׁתֵי יַיִן); in sim. Isaiah 19:14; Job 12:25 Psalms 107:27, and (of earth) Isaiah 24:20; f. of drunken woman I Samuel 1:13.

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שִׁכָּרוֹן

n.[m.] drunkenness;—שׁ׳ only figuratively: Jeremiah 13:13; Ezekiel 23:33 (Co Berthol Krae שִׁבָּרוֹן, not Toy), both of bewilderment and helplessness under calamity; from drinking blood Ezekiel 39:19.—Vid. Lagarde^{BN 202, compare 199}.

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שֶׁ֫לֶג

noun (masc.)^{Isaiah 55:10} snow;—absolute שׁ׳ Isaiah 1:18 +, שָׁ֑לֶג Exodus 4:6 +; construct שֶׁ֫לֶג Jeremiah 18:14;—snow, II Samuel 23:20 (יוֹם הַשּׁ׳) = I Chronicles 11:22, Job 6:16; Job 37:6 (‖ גֶּשֶׁם מָטָר), Psalms 147:16; Psalms 148:8 (+ אֵשׁ, בָּרָד, קִיטוֹר); מֵימֵי שׁ׳ Job 24:19, compare Job 9:30 Qr (בְּמֵי, < Qr בְּמוֹ De Dillmann Budde al., snow as purifying; see also [מַי]); poet. אֹצְרוֹת שׁ׳ Job 38:22 (‖ א׳ בָּרָד; symb. of cold Proverbs 31:21; as moistening, fertilizing Isaiah 55:10 (‖ גֶּשֶׁם); on mountains, figuratively of normal habit, שׁ׳ לְבָנוֹן Jeremiah 18:14; sim. of whiteness, of leprosy Exodus 4:6, Numbers 12:10, II Kings 5:27; c. מִן comp., of fair skin Lamentations 4:7 (‖ חָלָב); sim. of sins, כַּשּׁ׳ יַלְבִּינוּ Isaiah 1:18, compare Psalms 51:9 (מִן comp.); sim. of refreshment Proverbs 25:13 (drink cooled by snow, see reff. in De Toy), of the unfitting כַּשּׁ׳ בַּקַיִץ Proverbs 26:1 (‖ מָטָר).—On snow in Pal. see Nicol^{Hast. DB snow}.

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שָׁלָה

verb be quiet, at ease (Ecclus Ben Sira 47:13 שלוה prosperity, 41:^lc שליו prosperous, at ease; ܫܠܴܐ be tranquil, quiet, cease; Targum שְׁלָא, שְׁלִי be at ease, then be careless, thoughtless, go astray [for Hebrew שָׁגָה, שָׁגַג

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שָׁ֫לוּ

n.[m.

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שֵׁלָה

see שְׁאֵלָה.

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שֵׁלָה²

n.pr.m. son of Judah, Σηλωμ[ν]: Genesis 38:5, Genesis 38:11, Genesis 38:14, Genesis 38:26, Genesis 46:12; Numbers 26:20, I Chronicles 2:3; I Chronicles 4:21.

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שָׁלֵו

(Lagarde^{BN 43}), שָׁלֵיו, שְׁלֵיו adjective quiet, at ease;—

of person at ease, שָׁלֵו Job 16:12, שָׁלֵיו Job 21:23 (Konig^{ii. 1, 83}); of nation, שְׁלֵיו (poss. diminutive Konig^{ii. 1. 144}) Jeremiah 49:31 (‖ יוֹשֵׁב לָבֶטַח); prosperous, of city fs. שְׁלִוָה Zechariah 7:7; of wicked, mpl. construct וְשַׁלְוֵי עוֹלָם Psalms 73:12 (Renan^{H. iii. 131} proposes יִשְׁלָיוּ עֲוִילִים).

of land, quiet, שְׁלֵוָה I Chronicles 4:40 (‖ שֹׁקֶטֶת).

in לֹא יָדַע שָׁלֵו בְּבִטְנוֹ Job 20:20 שׁ׳ is appar. n.abstr. quiet, ease, so Dillmann De al., read שַׁלְוָה Siegf Budde, Duhm (after Septuagint) לֹא שָׁלֵו בְּמַטְמֹנוֹ; שָׁלֵו Ezekiel 23:42 is corrupt, Hitzig Co Berthol (compare Davidson) שָׁרוּ sang, Toy שָׁרִים, Krae שִׁרִים.

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שַׁלְוָה

noun (fem.) quietness, ease;—absolute שׁ׳ Psalms 122:7 +; construct שַׁלְוַת Ezekiel 16:49; Proverbs 1:32; plural with suffix שַׁלְוֹתַ֫יִךְ Jeremiah 22:21 (< שַׁלְוָתֵךְ Vrss Gie);—quietness, peace, Proverbs 17:1 (opposite רִיב), Psalms 122:7 (‖ שָׁלוֹם); ease, careless security, Ezekiel 16:49 (שַׁלְוַת הַשְׁקֵט), Proverbs 1:32; prosperity, Jeremiah 22:21; בְּשׁ׳ in (time of) security (of sudden attack), if not unawares Daniel 8:25; Daniel 11:21, Daniel 11:24 (Gesenius' Thesaurus Ewald Hitzig Ke al.); compare ܡܶܢ ܣܒܶܠܝ literally out of quiet, that is suddenly, unawares (for example The Book of Maccabees I (Kahana Translation) 1:30 = ἐξάπινα), מִן שִׁלְיָא Targum Proverbs 3:25; Proverbs 6:15 (= פִּתְאֹם), Psalms 30:7 see [שָׁ֫לוּ].

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שָׁלָה²

verb draw out, extract (si vera l.; = שָׁלַל; Syriac ܫܠܴܐ (for example Exodus 2:10), Targum Yerushalmi שְׁלִי (for example Leviticus 11:17));—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular apoc. (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § ^{109 k}) כִּי יֵ֫שֶׁל אֱלוֹהַּ נַפְשׁוֹ Job 27:8 (De); < read יָשֹׁל, or יִשַּׁל (√ שׁלל) Dillmann; Schnurrer Wellhausen Siegf Budde Duhm יִשְׁאַל demandeth; Perles^{Anal. 48} יִשָּׂא אֶל־אֱלוֹהַּ.

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שִׁלוֹ

n.pr.location (orig. שִׁלוֹן, see adjectivegent. (otherwise Barth^{NB § 224 b}), which also shews that √ שׁול, שׁיל, was posited when text of K was fixed, compare Driver II Samuel 15:12);—שִׁלוֹ Judges 21:19; I Samuel 1:24; I Samuel 3:21; I Samuel 14:3; Jeremiah 7:14 (on destruction of S. see Wellhausen II Samuel 8:17), Jeremiah 26:9; Jeremiah 41:5, מִשְׁכַּן שׁ׳ Psalms 78:60; שִׁילוֹ Judges 21:21^(×2); Jeremiah 7:12; שִׁלֹה Joshua 18:1, Joshua 18:8, Joshua 18:9, Joshua 18:10; Joshua 19:51; Joshua 21:2; Joshua 22:9, Joshua 22:12 (all P or R), Judges 18:31; Judges 21:12; I Samuel 1:3, I Samuel 1:9; I Samuel 2:14; I Samuel 3:21; I Samuel 4:3, I Samuel 4:4, I Samuel 4:12; I Kings 2:27; I Kings 14:2, I Kings 14:4; Jeremiah 26:6 (var. שִׁלוֹ in all these [21 times] given by Gi as Qr).—Σηλωμ, Σηλω(ν).—Mod. Seilûn, c. 9½ m. NNE. of Bethel, Buhl^{G. 178} Driver^{Hast.DB shiloh}. Also תַּאֲנַתשִׁלֹה; s. p. 1061.

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שַׁלְהֶ֫בֶת²

see p. 529a above

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שָׁלַח

verb send (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Ecclus Ben Sira 48:18 +; Aramaic שְׁלַח, ܫܠܰܚ, So^Buhl Barth^{ES 41} cp. Arabic سَرَحَ (r = l), send forth, drive cattle to pasture, send messenger, etc., but then diff. √ for i. שֶׁלַח, Arabic سِلَاحٌ, سِلَحٌ weapon; Assyrian probably šalû (send, hurl?), whence tešlîtu, command);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Genesis 42:4 +, 2nd masculine singular with suffix שְׁלַחְתָּ֑נִי Exodus 5:22, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁלַח Genesis 3:22 +, 2nd feminine plural תִּשְׁלַ֫חְנָה Ezekiel 23:40 (Judges 5:26 read תִּשְׁלָחֶנָּה? Obadiah 1:3 תִּשְׁלַח יָד? Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 47 k); imperative (ציווי) ms. שְׁלַח I Samuel 20:31 +, mpl. שְׁלָ֑חוּ II Kings 2:17; infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׁל(וֹ)חַ Numbers 22:37 +; construct שְׁלֹחַ v Numbers 22:15 +, שְׁלַח Isaiah 58:9, with suffix שָׁלְחֶ֑ךָ Genesis 38:17, etc.; participle (בינוני) active שֹׁלֵחַ Exodus 9:14 +, etc.; שָׁלוּחַ I Kings 14:6 +, etc.;—

send: human subj., especially

direct object person Genesis 42:4; Genesis 43:8 (both J; c. אֵת with, person) Numbers 22:15 + often, c. ל rei for which Jeremiah 14:3; Jeremiah 16:16; followed by אֶל person Genesis 37:13, II Samuel 11:6; Nehemiah 6:5 +; rarely c. ל person Genesis 32:19 (J; passive), אֶל location II Chronicles 16:4, ב location I Samuel 11:3, direct object location II Kings 22:3, -ה location I Kings 5:28, -ה location + מֵעַל person II Samuel 13:17, מִן location Genesis 37:14, Numbers 13:3, etc.; followed by inf. purpose I Samuel 25:14 (+ מִן location), II Kings 1:16 Jeremiah 40:14 +, אֶל person c. inf. purpose II Samuel 10:3; Jeremiah 42:9 +, c. ו subord. II Kings 5:6, c. verb fin. actionis Exodus 2:5, sent her maid and took, +, etc. (many combinations); direct object person alone Exodus 24:5, Joshua 7:22, II Samuel 10:7 + often

less often direct object rei (sometimes c. בְּיַד of agent), c. אֶל person I Samuel 16:20; II Kings 5:5; II Kings 20:12 +, I Kings 5:23 (= designate by sending unto), ל person Judges 3:15; I Kings 5:22 +, אֶל location Esther 1:22, שָׁ֫מָּה II Kings 6:14; + inf. purpose I Chronicles 19:4; Esther 4:4; + verb fin. action. Psalms 105:28; direct object of kid, alone, Genesis 38:23 also (direct object om.) v Genesis 38:17, etc.

very often without obj.: + verb fin. action., send and do so and so, Genesis 27:45, II Kings 11:4; Job 1:5 +; c. אֶל person Hosea 5:13; II Samuel 11:6 +, especially + לֵאמֹר Genesis 38:25, I Kings 20:5 (often S K), Jeremiah 29:28 +; c. inf. purpose Genesis 32:6, Numbers 21:32, I Samuel 22:11 +, etc. (and so I Samuel 31:9, reading וַיִּשְׁלְחוּ, for Pi., Th Wellhausen Driver Nowack, not HPS Budde); absolute II Kings 2:16, II Kings 2:17; II Samuel 14:29; = send to inquire I Kings 20:17, etc.

send: subj. י׳ (God),

direct object person Genesis 45:5 (E; לִפְנֵי person), I Samuel 15:18 (בְּדָ֑רֶךְ), + אֶל person II Samuel 12:1; direct object of angel, לִפְנֵי person Genesis 24:7; Exodus 33:2 (both J), אֵת with Genesis 24:40, etc.; with a direct object person = commission Exodus 3:12, Judges 6:14; Isaiah 6:8; Jeremiah 14:14, Jeremiah 14:15 + often Je, Zechariah 2:13 +; also (c. אֶל person) Exodus 3:13, Jeremiah 25:4; Ezekiel 3:6 +, etc.; especially of sending prophet, (שָׁלַח), הַשְׁכֵּם וְשָׁלוֹחַ Jeremiah 7:25 + (see [שָׁכַם]); direct object person + inf. purpose I Samuel 15:1; Jeremiah 19:14 +; + עַד location II Kings 2:2, direct object location v II Kings 2:4, ה—ָ location v II Kings 2:6, etc.

with a direct object rei, plagues Exodus 9:14 (c. אֶל־לֵב, ב person), figuratively arrows II Samuel 22:15 = Psalms 18:15 (+ verb fin. action.), Psalms 144:6, compare Jeremiah 25:16 al.; his word Isaiah 9:7 (ב gent.), Isaiah 55:11 (אשׁר to which), Zechariah 7:12 (ב agent.), Psalms 107:20 (+ verb fin. action.), Psalms 147:15 (+ direct object אֶרֶץ); direct object help Psalms 20:3 (מִן location), light and truth Psalms 43:3 (+ verb fin. action.), compare Psalms 57:4.

stretch out, especially direct object hand:

human subj., c. ב person against, Genesis 37:22, I Samuel 24:11; Esther 2:21 +; c. ב rei (property of others) Exodus 22:7, Exodus 22:10, Esther 9:10 +, בַּחַלָּמִישׁ Job 28:9; c. אֶל person against Genesis 22:12, II Samuel 18:12, עַל person I Kings 13:4, etc.; אֶל rei (for good) II Samuel 6:6 (יָד om.); from outside, inward, Song of Songs 5:4 (מִן location); absolute Job 30:24 (read טֹבֵעַ for בְּעִי Dillmann Bi Budde). + inf. purpose I Samuel 22:17; II Samuel 1:14; I Chronicles 13:9; + verb fin. active Genesis 3:22 Deuteronomy 25:11; Judges 15:15 +; שׁ׳ אֶצְבַּע Isaiah 58:9, in token of scorn; with a direct object of rod I Samuel 14:27; שִׁלֳחוּ מַגָּל Joel 4:13 stretch out (the) sickle.

י׳ subj., direct object hand, + אֶל person against Exodus 24:11, compare (עַל) Psalms 138:7; + verb fin. active †Exodus 3:20, Exodus 9:15, Job 1:11; Job 2:5; in favour, Jeremiah 1:9, absolute Psalms 144:7 (מִן location), also (passive) Ezekiel 2:9 and (direct object תַּבְנִית יָד), Ezekiel 8:3.

direct object hand, subj. angel, + direct object location, inf. purpose II Samuel 24:16, cherub, אֶל rei, מִן location Ezekiel 10:7; adversary, אֶל person Job 1:12; subj. angle, direct object rod Judges 6:21.

stretched out, slender, of tree Genesis 49:21 (poem in J), see i. אֵלָה above p. 18b.

perhaps extend, direct, direct object rei Ezekiel 8:17 (see זְמוֹרָה above p. 274b, also conjunction in Toy Krae).

rarely send away (see Pi.): human subj., direct object person Judges 11:38 (+ direct object temp.), Genesis 28:5.

let loose (see Pi.), perhaps only Psalms 50:19 (figuratively) thy mouth hast thou let loose in evil.

infinitive (מקור) absolute וְנִשְׁלוֹחַ סְפָרִים = letters were sent (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 114 z gg) Esther 3:13 (+ אֶל person, בְּיַד agent., inf. purpose).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שִׁלַּח Exodus 8:28 +, with suffix שִׁלַּחֲךָ I Samuel 20:22, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְשַׁלַּח Jeremiah 3:1 +, יְשַׁלֵּ֑חַ Isaiah 45:13; Proverbs 6:14; 1st singular with suffix אֲשַׁלֵּחֲךָ Genesis 32:27, אֲשַׁלְּחֶ֫ךָּ II Samuel 11:12 I Kings 20:34, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שַׁלַּח Exodus 4:23 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute Deuteronomy 22:7 I Kings 11:22; construct שַׁלַּח Genesis 8:10 +, שַׁלֵּ֑חַ Exodus 7:27 +, etc.; participle (בינוני) מְשַׁלֵּחַ Genesis 43:4 +, etc.;—

send off, away, human subj.:

direct object person + ל location Joshua 24:28, Judges 7:8; I Samuel 10:25 +; + ל person Jeremiah 48:12; + -ה location Judges 12:9 and (c. inf. purpose) Genesis 28:6; direct object of goat, לַעֲזָאזֵל Leviticus 16:10 (-ה location), v Leviticus 16:26; send out, different ways, direct object person, ב location Judges 19:29; Judges 20:6; send into exile, י׳ subj., c. מִן location Jeremiah 24:5, -ה location Jeremiah 29:20.

send away, dismiss, direct object person Genesis 21:14, Genesis 25:6 (J; מֵעַל person), II Samuel 13:16 +; specif., with a direct object of wife (= divorce), Deuteronomy 22:19, Deuteronomy 22:29; Deuteronomy 24:1, Deuteronomy 24:3; Jeremiah 3:1 +, absolute Malachi 2:16.

send away empty (-handed) רֵיקָם, + direct object person Genesis 31:41, Deuteronomy 15:13; Job 22:9.

send off, give a ‘send-off’ (sometimes escort part way), direct object person, Genesis 18:16; Genesis 24:59; Genesis 31:27 (all J), I Samuel 9:26; II Samuel 19:32; II Kings 5:24; II Kings 6:23; Obadiah 1:7.

direct object rei I Samuel 6:8 Nehemiah 8:12 +, with a direct object location I Samuel 5:10; I Samuel 6:3, אֶל person Jeremiah 27:3, etc.

send away, subj. י׳, direct object person Genesis 19:29 (J; מִתּוֹךְ), I Kings 9:7 (מֵעַל פְּנֵי).

give over, direct object person Psalms 81:13 (ב of evil).

cast out, direct object person Jeremiah 28:16 (מֵעַל־פְּנֵי), Leviticus 18:24; Leviticus 20:23 (both מִפְּנֵי).

send out, forth, send on a mission, especially of י׳, with a direct object of hornet Deuteronomy 7:20, compare Deuteronomy 28:20; Deuteronomy 32:24 (all ב person), serpents Numbers 21:6 (E; ב person), lions II Kings 17:25, II Kings 17:26 (both the same), foes II Kings 24:2^(×2) (+ inf. purpose); pestilence Amos 4:10; Ezekiel 28:23 (ב person), etc.; also springs into (ב) channel Psalms 104:10.

let go, set free (sometimes c. חָפְשִׁי) Exodus 4:23; Exodus 5:2^(×2) (all JE), II Samuel 3:21, II Samuel 3:23, II Samuel 3:24 +; = cease to abuse Judges 19:25; + inf. purpose Genesis 24:56, Exodus 5:1 (E; + 10 times Ex), I Samuel 5:11; with a direct object of bird Genesis 8:7, Genesis 8:8 (+ מֵאִתּוֹ) +; + עַל־פְּנֵי הַשָּׂדֶה Leviticus 14:7, compare v Leviticus 14:53 (both P); = let loose, direct object of beast, Exodus 22:4, Leviticus 16:22 (ב location); direct object of bridle Job 30:11 (figuratively); metaphorically of strife Proverbs 6:14, Proverbs 6:19; Proverbs 16:28; let loose waters, subj. י׳, Job 12:15.

shoot forth branches, Jeremiah 17:8 Psalms 80:12 Ezekiel 31:5 (but see i. שֶׁלַח 2); compare of locks (פֶּרַע) Ezekiel 44:20 = let grow long.

let down, direct object person Jeremiah 38:6 (ב instr.), direct object rei v Jeremiah 38:11 (the same + אֶל person et location).

shoot (direct object of arrow om.), לְשַׁ׳ לִי לְמַטָּרָה I Samuel 20:20.

phrases: שִׁלַּח (אֶת־)הָעִיר בָּאֵשׁ †Judges 1:8; Judges 20:48, compare II Kings 8:12 Psalms 74:7; but also שׁ׳ אֵשׁ בְּ †Amos 1:4, Amos 1:7, Amos 1:10, Amos 1:12; Amos 2:2, Amos 2:5; Hosea 8:14; Ezekiel 39:6; rare expressions are: וַיְשַׁלְּחֵם בְּיַד־פִּשְׁעָם Job 8:4 (God subj.); stretch out hand, ב rei (for use) Proverbs 31:19, ל person (charity) v Proverbs 31:20; חֶבְלֵיהֶם תְּשַׁלַּחְנָה Job 39:3 (of hinds, bearing); שַׁלַּח לַחְמְךָ עַל־פְּנֵי הַמָּ֑יִם Ecclesiastes 11:1.—רַגְלַי שִׁלֵּ֑חוּ Job 30:12 is corrupt; Theod Ewald Dillmann רַגְלָם שִׁלֵּ֑חוּ; Me Budde Be al. dittogr. from v Job 30:11 b.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שֻׁלַּח Judges 5:15; Job 18:8, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְשֻׁלַּח Proverbs 17:11; participle (בינוני) מְשֻׁלָּח Isaiah 16:2 +;—be sent off (started on journey) Genesis 44:3; with commission, ב person Obadiah 1:1; Proverbs 17:11, אֶל person Daniel 10:11; be put away, divorced, of wife Isaiah 50:1 (figuratively); be impelled (?), בְּרַגְלָיו (= at his heels?), c. ב location Judges 5:15 (verb doubtful), compare שֻׁלַּח בְּרֶשֶׁת בְּרַגְלָיו Job 18:8 he is hurried into the net with his feet (? Septuagint Duhm שֻׁלְּחָה רַגְלוֹ); קֵן מְשֻׁלָּח Isaiah 16:2 a driven (scattered) nest (‖ עוֹף נוֹדֵד), compare נָוֶה מְשׁ׳ וְנֶעֱזָב כַּמִּדְבָּר Isaiah 27:10; נַעַר מְשׁ׳ Proverbs 29:15 a boy let loose (unrestrained).

past (עבר) 1st singular וְהִשְׁלַחְתִּ֫י and I (י׳) will send famine, בָּאָרֶץ Amos 8:11, compare Ezekiel 14:13, wild beasts; ב person Leviticus 26:22; participle (בינוני) מַשְׁלִיחַ, direct object of flies, ב person Exodus 8:17; infinitive (מקור) construct לְהַשְׁלִיחַ, direct object of foe, ב gent. II Kings 15:37.

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שֶׁ֫לַח

n.[m.] missile, weapon, sprout (late);—absolute שׁ׳ Joel 2:8 +, שָׁ֑לַח Nehemiah 4:11 Job 33:18, with suffix שִׁלְחוֹ Nehemiah 4:17; plural שְׁלָחִים II Chronicles 23:10, etc.;—

missile, weapon, Nehemiah 4:11 and v Nehemiah 4:17 (where הַמַּיִם corrupt; read probably בִּימִינוֹ or בְּיָדוֹ; see Ryle Be-Ry Berthol), II Chronicles 23:10 (disting. from חֲנִית, מָגֵן); coll. II Chronicles 32:5 and עָבַר בַּשׁ׳ Job 33:18; Job 36:12 (perish by or < rush upon [and perish]), Joel 2:8 (see בְּעַד).

sprout, shoot (compare [שְׁלוּחָה], and √ Psalms 80:12 Jeremiah 17:8), שְׁלָחַיִךְ פַּרְדֵּס Song of Songs 4:13 (figuratively; meaning? Perles^{Anal. 63} proposes שְׁנֵי לְחָיַיִךְ thy two cheeks); + probably Ezekiel 31:5 (read בִּשְׁלָחָיו Co Toy al., or בְּשִׁלְחֵי [with v Ezekiel 31:6] Krae).

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שֶׁ֫לַח²

n.pr.m. son of Arphachshad, Σαλα: שׁ׳ Genesis 10:24; Genesis 11:13, Genesis 11:14, Genesis 11:15; I Chronicles 1:18; שָׁ֑לַח Genesis 10:24; Genesis 11:12; I Chronicles 1:18, I Chronicles 1:24.

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שֶׁ֫לַח³

n.pr. in בְּרֵכַת הַשּׁ׳ Nehemiah 3:15 = שִׁלֹחַ.

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שִׁלְחִי

n.pr.m. father of Jehoshaphat’s mothers;—I Kings 22:42 = II Chronicles 20:31; Σεμεει, Σαλαλα, Σαλει, etc.

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שִׁלּוּחִים

n.[m.]plural sending away, parting gift;—

אַחַר שִׁלּוּחֶיהָ Exodus 18:2 after she had been sent away.

שִׁלֻּחִים I Kings 9:16 he gave (city) as parting gift (that is dowry) to his daughter; compare figuratively שִׁלּוּחִים Micah 1:14 thou shalt give a parting gift (= say farewell to, lose) Morešeth of Gath.

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שֻׁלְחָן

noun (masc.) Exodus 25:23 table (on form of word compare GFM^l.c.; proposes (see above) skin or leather mat spread on ground, see also, on early Sem. ‘table,’ Gesenius' Thesaurus¹⁴¹⁷ Wellhausen^{Skizzen iv. 157} Robertson Smith^{Sem i. 184; 2nd ed. 201} Kennedy^{Ency. Bib. iii. 2991});—absolute שׁ׳ I Samuel 20:34 +; construct שֻׁלְחַן I Kings 5:7 +; with suffix שֻׁלְחָנִי Judges 1:7 +, etc.; plural שֻׁלְחָנוֹת Isaiah 28:8 +, construct שֻׁלְחֲנוֹת I Chronicles 28:16^(×2);—

table for king’s repast Judges 1:7 (c. תַּחַת), I Samuel 20:29, I Samuel 20:34; II Samuel 9:11 (read שׁ׳ דָּוִד Septuagint Th Wellhausen Driver and mod.), v II Samuel 9:13; II Samuel 19:29; I Kings 2:7; I Kings 5:1; I Kings 18:19; I Kings 10:5 = II Chronicles 9:4, compare Isaiah 21:5 (c. עָרַךְ (q.see 1 c) arrange); c. עַל II Samuel 9:7, II Samuel 9:10, II Samuel 9:11 Daniel 11:27; for governor Nehemiah 5:17 (c. עַל).

for private use I Kings 13:20 (c. אֶל), Job 36:16 Psalms 23:5 (figuratively, c. עָרַךְ), compare Psalms 78:19 (the same), Psalms 128:3, also (in bedroom) II Kings 4:10; of revellers Isaiah 28:8, compare Psalms 69:23 (figuratively), of wisdom (figuratively), of wisdom (figuratively) Proverbs 9:2.

especially Ez P for sacred uses: in tab. Exodus 25:23 + 17 times Exodus 25:25-40, Numbers 3:31, שֻׁלְחַן הַפָּנִים Numbers 4:7 (compare II Chronicles 29:18 below); הַשּׁ׳ הַטָּהֹר Leviticus 24:6 (compare II Chronicles 13:11 below); in Sol.’s temple I Kings 7:48; II Chronicles 29:18, also (10 in no.) II Chronicles 4:8, II Chronicles 4:19; II Chronicles 13:11, compare I Chronicles 28:16^(×4), also Ezekiel 23:41 (c. עָרַךְ); in Ezekiel’s temple Ezekiel 40:39^(×2) + 6 times Ezekiel 40 (Ezekiel 40:8 in no.), Ezekiel 40:42 (of stone, 4 in no.); like altar Ezekiel 41:22, = altar of burnt-offering Ezekiel 44:16; in second temple, שֻׁלְחַן י׳ Malachi 1:7, שׁ׳ אֲדֹנָי v Malachi 1:12; for idolatrous meal Isaiah 65:11; figuratively of י׳’s sacrif. feast Ezekiel 39:20 (eschatol.).

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שָׁלַט

verb domineer, be master of (late) (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Assyrian šalâṭu, have power; Arabic سَلُطَ overcome, prevail; سَلِيطٌ strong, hard, سُلْطَانٌ dominion, also ruler, sultan; Ethiopic ሠለጠ: Aramaic שְׁלַט, ܫܠܰܛ (especially der. spec.), Nab. שלט, שלטון);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Ecclesiastes 8:9, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁלַט Ecclesiastes 2:19, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct שְׁלוֹט Esther 9:1;—domineer, lord it over, עַל person, Nehemiah 5:15; ב person Ecclesiastes 8:9 (לְרַע לוֹ); ב rei Ecclesiastes 2:19; become master of, ב person Esther 9:1^(×2).

give power of: past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular with suffix person וְהִשְׁלִיטוֹ לֶאֱכֹל Ecclesiastes 5:18, so future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix יַשְׁלִיטֶנּוּ Ecclesiastes 6:2 (both subj. God).

= Qal, get mastery of: juss. 3rd feminine singular אַל־תַּשְׁלֶט־בִּי כָּל־אָ֑וֶן Psalms 119:133.

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שַׁלִּיט

adjective having mastery, domineering;—

having mastery: אֵין אָדָם שׁ׳ בָּרוּחַ Ecclesiastes 8:8; elsewhere as noun הַשּׁ׳ the ruler Ecclesiastes 10:5, so (c. עַל־הָאָרֶץ) Genesis 42:6 (probably late substitution for original word of E); plural as noun שַׁלִּיטִים Ecclesiastes 7:19 (specif. of Alex.’s successors Perles^{Anal. 42}).

domineering, imperious, fs. (Konig^{ii 1. 201}) אִשָּׁה זוֹנָה שַׁלָּ֑טֶת Ezekiel 16:30 (Jerusalem personified).

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שִׁלְטוֹן

n.[m.] mastery (Lagarde^{BN 199});—Ecclesiastes 8:4, Ecclesiastes 8:8 (c. בְּ).

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שַׁלֶּ֫כֶת

noun (fem.) felling of tree;—Isaiah 6:13.

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שַׁלֶּ֫כֶת²

n.pr. of a temple-gate, W. side (? gate of casting forth; yet compare Kittel);—I Chronicles 26:16.

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שָׁלַל

verb draw out (Arabic سَلَّ draw, especially sword from scabbard, سَلِيلٌ drawn sword, new born child (compare Frä ⁷⁵, but also Schulthess^{Hom. Wurz. 80 f.}); Talm. שָׁלִיל, Targum שְׁלִילָא embryo or abortion);—future (עתיד) 2nd masculine plural + infinitive (מקור) absolute שֹׁל־תָּשֹׁלּוּ לָהּ מִן וגו׳ Ruth 2:16 ye shall by all means draw out for her from the sheaves.

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שׁוֹלָל²

adjective in direct object c. as adverb (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 118o) barefoot (appar. stripped as to walking; always c. הלך);—אֵילְכָה שׁוֹלָל וְעָרוֹם Micah 1:8 Qr I will go barefoot and naked (Kt שילל); מוֹלִיךְ יוֹעֲצִם שׁ׳ Job 12:17, compare v Job 12:19.

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שָׁלַל²

verb spoil, plunder (usually identif. with I. שׁ׳; Mishnaic Hebrew the same (Jastr, compare Dalman); Assyrian šalâlu the same; Hom^{Chr 33} cp. Sab. תֿלל plunder, connecting this with Arabic ثَلَّةٌ a flock of sheep (or goats); then Targum שְׁלָלָא booty, and (rare) Syriac ܫܶܠܳܠ are loan-words);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular consec. וְשׁ׳ Ezekiel 26:12; 2nd masculine singular שַׁלּוֹתָ Habakkuk 2:8, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural with suffix יְשָׁלּוּךָ v Habakkuk 2:8; construct לִשְׁלֹל Isaiah 10:6 +; participle (בינוני) plural שֹׁלְלִים Zechariah 2:12, etc.;—spoil, plunder (usually ‖ בָּזַז), with a direct object cogn. שָׁלָל Isaiah 10:6; Ezekiel 29:19; Ezekiel 38:12, Ezekiel 38:13^(×2), direct object חַיִל wealth Ezekiel 26:12; direct object person, שֹׁלְלִים Jeremiah 50:10; Habakkuk 2:8; Ezekiel 39:10, גּוֹיִם רַבִּים Habakkuk 2:8, compare Zechariah 2:12. Hithpōʿ. past (עבר) 3rd plural אֶשְׁתּוֹלְלוּ אַבִּירֵי לֵב (א in אֶשְׁתּ׳ is Aramaic, or scribal error: Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 54 a n., compare 53 k) Psalms 76:6 the stout of heart are spoiled; participle (בינוני) מִשְׁתּוֹלֵל Isaiah 59:15 he that departs from evil is one despoiled.

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שָׁלָל

noun (masc.) I Samuel 30:16 prey, spoil, plunder, booty;—absolute שׁ׳ Genesis 49:27 +; construct שְׁלַל Judges 5:30 +, with suffix שְׁלָלֵךְ Zechariah 14:1, שְׁלַלְכֶם Isaiah 33:4, etc.;—

prey, of Benj. as wolf Genesis 49:27 (poem in J; c. חִלֵּק).

booty, spoil of war, of all kinds (often ‖ בַּז): incl. garments, gold and silver Joshua 7:21, ornaments Judges 8:24, Judges 8:25, fabrics and women Judges 5:30 a, b, flocks and herds I Samuel 30:20; Jeremiah 49:32; II Chronicles 15:11, + persons Deuteronomy 20:14^(×2), garments, food and drink II Chronicles 28:15, etc. (58 times; among these) שְׁלַל הֶעָרִים Deuteronomy 2:25; II Samuel 12:30; I Chronicles 20:2 and (+ cattle in addition) Deuteronomy 3:7, Joshua 8:27; Joshua 11:14 (both R^D), compare (also of city) Isaiah 8:4; Deuteronomy 13:17^(×2); Zechariah 14:1 and (+ cattle) Joshua 8:2 (R^D), but incl. person and cattle Deuteronomy 20:14, compare v Deuteronomy 20:14; figuratively of entire nation Jeremiah 50:10; Ezekiel 7:21; Zechariah 2:13; שׁ׳ in symbol. n.pr. מַהֵר שָׁלָל וגו׳ Isaiah 8:1, Isaiah 8:3, see above p. 555^a; שׁ׳ in metaphorically of future majesty of עֶבֶד י׳ Isaiah 53:12; וְהֳיְתָה־לּוֹ נַפְשׁוֹ לְשׁ׳ that is life shall be spared, Jeremiah 21:9; Jeremiah 38:2; Jeremiah 39:18, compare Jeremiah 45:5.

private plunder Isaiah 10:2 (אַלְמָנוֹת שְׁלָלָם), Proverbs 1:13 and (perhaps in current saying) Proverbs 16:19.

= gain Proverbs 31:11.—לְצַוְּארֵי שׁ׳ Judges 5:30 is clearly wrong; meaning doubtful (see especially GFM); plausible conjunction are לְצַוָּארַי שׁ׳ for my neck as spoil, Reuss Br al., and לְצַוְּארֵי שֵׁגָל for the neck of the queen Ewald Be Kittel al. (but שֵׁגָל elsewhere late); Nowack del. שָׁלָל and reads לְצַוָּארָיו.

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שָׁלֵם

verb be complete, sound (Mishnaic Hebrew the same (Jastr), Phoenician שלם Pi. complete, requite, especially in n.pr., Lidzbarski ³⁷⁶ GACooke ^{99, also 81, 111, etc.}; Arabic سَلِمَ be safe, secure, free from fault, ii. make over, resign to, iv. resign or submit oneself, especially to God, whence ptcp. Muslim, and inf. Islām, proposes submission to God; Assyrian šalâmu, be complete, unharmed, be paid; Aramaic שְׁלֵים, ܫܠܶܡ be complete, safe, Targum peaceful; O Aramaic שלם reward, repay (Pa; in n.pr.); compare Sab. סלם peace Hom^{Chr 124}, Arabic سِلْمٌ, also سَلَامٌ safety, security; Assyrian šulmu, welfare; Ethiopic ሰላም Dillmann ³²² security, peace; Aramaic שְׁלָמָא, ܫܠܳܡܳܐ security, welfare, O Aramaic שלם Lidzbarski ³⁷⁶, especially = submission, in n.pr. Robertson Smith^Sem. ^{79 f.}; Bondi ⁷⁰ (after Brugsch), cp. šarmā, greet, do homage, as loan-word in Egyptian);—

past (עבר) 3rd plural שָֽׁלְמוּ Isaiah 60:20; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיִּשְׁלָ֑ם Job 9:4; f. תִּשְׁלַם I Kings 7:51 + 2 times;—

be complete, finished, ended: temple I Kings 7:51 = II Chronicles 5:1; walls of city Nehemiah 6:15; of time Isaiah 60:20.

be sound, uninjured, Job 9:4.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שִׁלַּם Leviticus 5:24 +, 1st singular וְשִׁלַּמְתּ֫י Jeremiah 16:18 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְשַׁלֵּם Exodus 21:34 +; with suffix יְשַׁלְּמֶ֑נָּה Leviticus 24:18 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שַׁלֵּם Ecclesiastes 5:3 Psalms 50:14, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute שַׁלֵּם Exodus 21:36 +; construct the same Proverbs 22:27, etc.; participle (בינוני) מְשַׁלֵּם Deuteronomy 7:10 +, etc.;—

complete, finish, temple I Kings 9:25.

make safe, with a direct object Job 8:6.

make whole or good, restore thing lost Joel 2:25, or stolen Exodus 21:37; pay a debt II Kings 4:7 Psalms 37:21 Proverbs 22:27; Job 41:3; make compensation, for injury Leviticus 24:18, Leviticus 24:21; for trespass in sacred things Leviticus 5:16.

make good, that is pay, vows, with a direct object נֶדֶר Deuteronomy 23:22; II Samuel 15:7 + 9 times, + (c. ל to God) Psalms 50:14; Psalms 66:13; Psalms 116:14, Psalms 116:18; obj. om. Psalms 76:12; absolute Isaiah 19:21; with a direct object תּוֹדוֹת c. ל to God Psalms 56:13; פרים שׂפתינו Hosea 14:3 (see p. 830b).

requite, recompense, reward, good I Samuel 24:20; Ruth 2:12; evil Isaiah 65:6; Jeremiah 51:56; c. ל person Deuteronomy 7:10 + 4 times, + (with a direct object rei) Jeremiah 51:24; אל person Job 21:19; direct object rei Proverbs 20:22; Jeremiah 16:18; שִׁלַּם גְּמוּל לְ Isaiah 59:18^(×2), (but see i. שִׁלֵּם), Isaiah 66:6 + (see גְּמוּל); †שׁ׳ פֹּעַל לְ Job 34:11; שׁ׳ גְּמוּל עַל Joel 4:4; עַל חֵיק Isaiah 65:6; אֶל־חֵיק Jeremiah 32:18; †c. ל person and כ of deeds, שׁ׳ reward according to one’s works II Samuel 3:39 + 3 times; direct object person Psalms 31:24; direct object rei †שׁ׳ רעה תחת טובה Genesis 44:4 Psalms 35:12; Psalms 38:21 (read מְשַׁלְּמֵנִי).

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְשֻׁלַּם Psalms 65:2 Jeremiah 18:20; יְשֻׁלָּ֑ם Proverbs 11:31; Proverbs 13:13;—

be performed, of vow Psalms 65:2.

be repaid, requited, Jeremiah 18:20; Proverbs 11:31; Proverbs 13:13.

complete, perform: future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַשְׁלִים Job 23:14; Isaiah 44:26, יַשְׁלִם v Isaiah 44:28.

make an end of, 2nd masculine singular with suffix תַּשְׁלִימֵנִי Isaiah 38:12, Isaiah 38:13 (Septuagint Duhm Marti deliver up to pains, as in Aramaic).

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שָׁלוֹם

noun (masc.) Isaiah 54:13 completeness, soundness, welfare, peace (Lagarde^{BN 174});—שׁ׳ Genesis 29:6 +; שָׁלֹם (rare) Ezekiel 13:16 +; construct שְׁלוֹם Genesis 37:14 +; with suffix שְׁלוֹמִי Psalms 41:10 +, etc.; plural (all doubtful) שְׁלוֹמִים Jeremiah 13:19 Psalms 69:23; with suffix שְׁלֹמָיו Psalms 55:21;—

completeness in no., הָגְלָת שְׁלוֹמִים Jeremiah 13:19 Judah is wholly carried captive (but read גָּלוּת שְׁלֵמָה, compare Amos 1:6; so Septuagint Wellhausen ^Am Siegfried-Stade Buhl).

safety, soundness, in body, אֵין שָׁלוֹם בַּעֲצָמַי Psalms 38:4; לְשָׁלוֹם Isaiah 38:17; שָׁלוֹם אָהֳלֶ֑ךָ (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 141 c) Job 5:24 is safe, secure.

welfare, health, prosperity: †שָׁאַל לפ׳ לשׁ׳ ask one about welfare Genesis 43:27, Exodus 18:7, Judges 18:15 + 7 times, compare II Samuel 11:7^(×3); pregn. ירד לשׁלום II Kings 10:13 descend (to ask) about welfare of, compare I Samuel 17:18 Jeremiah 38:4; הלך לשׁ׳ Exodus 4:18 + 5 times; עלה לשׁ׳ Genesis 44:17, I Samuel 25:35; דבּר לשׁ׳ Genesis 37:4; שָׁלוֹם ל׳ be well with Genesis 29:6; Genesis 43:23, Genesis 43:28, Judges 6:23; Judges 19:20; I Samuel 20:7, I Samuel 20:21 + 10 times, II Kings 4:26^(×3); שָׁלוֹם בְּ (יְהִי) Psalms 122:7(8) be it well with; absolute as obj. of אָמַר well, be well, שׁ׳ Genesis 29:6, II Samuel 18:28 II Kings 9:11, II Kings 9:17, II Kings 9:18, II Kings 9:19, II Kings 9:22; Jeremiah 6:14^(×2) + 10 times; הֲשָׁלוֹם אֲבִיכֶם Genesis 43:27 cp. I Samuel 25:6; †שׁ׳ בּ(וֹ)אֶ֑ךָ I Samuel 16:4 (see Driver), I Kings 2:13; אֵין שׁ׳ Jeremiah 6:14 + 3 times; †אין שׁ׳ לרשׁעים Isaiah 48:22; Isaiah 57:21; but ראה שׁ׳ רשׁעים Psalms 73:3; †רֹב שׁ׳ Psalms 37:11; Psalms 72:7; שׁאל שׁ׳ פ׳ Psalms 122:6; דרשׁ שׁ׳ (‖ טוב) Deuteronomy 23:7; Ezra 9:12; שׁ׳ יוֹסִיפוּ לָךְ Proverbs 3:2; בַּשּׁ׳ Job 15:21 in time of prosperity.

peace, quiet, tranquillity, contentment, Isaiah 32:17 (‖ הַשְׁקֵט וָבֶטַח); שָׁכַב בשׁ׳ Psalms 4:9 (to sleep); depart life בְּשׁ׳ in tranquillity Genesis 15:15 (R^je), I Kings 2:6 + 3 times, יָבוֹא Isaiah 57:2; אַחֲרִית לְאִישׁ שׁ׳ Psalms 37:37; בא בשׁ׳ Exodus 18:23 come in contentment; ארץ שׁ׳ Jeremiah 12:5; נְוֵה שׁ׳ (‖ מבטחים) Isaiah 32:18, compare Jeremiah 25:37; שׁ׳ מִפָּ֑חַד Job 21:9, compare Zechariah 8:10; ולשׁלומים לְמוֹקֵשׁ Psalms 69:23 and let security become a trap (but Septuagint Aq Sym Theod Jer וּלְמ׳ וּכְשִׁלּוּמִים, Duhm (compare Targum) וּשְׁלָמִים peace-offerings, and שֻׁלְחָן v^a).

peace, friendship:

human relations: אֱנוֹשׁ שְׁלֹמִי Jeremiah 20:10 man of my friendship, compare Jeremiah 38:22 Obadiah 1:7 Psalms 41:10; עֲצַת שׁ׳ בין Zechariah 6:13; יֹעֲצֵי שׁ׳ Proverbs 12:20; (אֵת, עִם) דבּר שׁ׳ Psalms 28:3; Psalms 35:20 Jeremiah 9:7; בקּשׁ שׁ׳ Psalms 34:15; ידע שׁ׳ Isaiah 59:8; דֶּרֶךְ שׁ׳ v Isaiah 59:8; שׁלּח בשׁ׳ Genesis 26:29; הלך בשׁ׳ v Genesis 26:31, I Samuel 29:7 + 4 times; שׁוב בשׁ׳ II Samuel 15:27; ‖ צדקה in Mess. reign Psalms 72:3.

peace with God, especially in covt. relation: Isaiah 54:10 ברית covt. of my peace, compare Numbers 25:12, Ezekiel 34:25; Ezekiel 37:26, also Malachi 2:5; י׳ שׁ׳ as name of altar Judges 6:24; י׳ subj. שָׂם שׁ׳ לְ Numbers 6:26; בֵּרַךְ בשׁ׳ Psalms 29:11; חפץ שׁ׳ Psalms 35:27; עשׂה שׁ׳ לְ Jeremiah 33:9; אָסַף שׁ׳ מֵאֵת Jeremiah 16:5 (‖ חסד); דבּר שׁ׳ אֶל Psalms 85:9; נתן שׁ׳ Haggai 2:9; מחשׁבות שׁ׳ Jeremiah 29:11; man subj. עשׂה שׁ׳ ל׳ Isaiah 27:5^(×2); הלך בשׁ׳ Malachi 2:6. In this sense ‖ צֶדֶק Psalms 85:11, ‖ צְדָקָה Isaiah 54:13; Isaiah 60:17, ‖ שִׂמְחָה Isaiah 55:12, is like a river Isaiah 48:18; Isaiah 66:12; שׁ׳ עַל־ישׂראל Psalms 125:5; Psalms 128:6, שׁ׳ רָב לְאֹהֲבֵי תוֹרָתֶ֑ךָ Psalms 119:165; מוּסַר שׁ׳ Isaiah 53:5 chastisement for our peace (but Siegfried-Stade Buhl שִׁלֻּמֵינוּ).

peace from war: (ל) עשׂה שׁ׳ make peace (with) Joshua 9:15; Job 25:2; נתן שׁ׳ בארץ Leviticus 26:6; †שׁ׳ בין ובין Judges 4:17; I Samuel 7:14; I Kings 5:26; †קרא (ל)שׁ׳ Deuteronomy 20:10; Judges 21:13; Micah 3:5; †שׁוב בשׁ׳ Joshua 10:21; Judges 8:9; Judges 11:31 (compare v Judges 11:13); בא בשׁ׳ II Samuel 19:25, II Samuel 19:31 + 7 times; †היה שׁ׳ לְ I Kings 5:4 + 3 times, compare II Samuel 17:3 (see Driver); בקּשׁ שׁ׳ Ezekiel 7:25; מלאכי שׁ׳ Isaiah 33:7; נתן שׁ׳ וָשֶׁקֶט I Chronicles 22:9; מוֹצְאֵת שׁ׳ Song of Songs 8:10; †שׁ׳(ו)אמת Isaiah 39:8 = II Kings 20:19 + 3 times, compare Zechariah 8:19; עֵת שׁ׳ Ecclesiastes 3:8; בְּשׁ׳ I Kings 2:5 in time of peace; שַׂר שׁ׳ Isaiah 9:5 (Mess. title), compare זֶה שׁ׳ Micah 5:4.

as adjective שְׁלֹמָיו Psalms 55:21 those at peace with him (read שֹֽׁלְמָיו Bae Buhl Duhm, or שְׁלֵמָיו Siegfried-Stade; Septuagint appar. שִׁלּוּמָיו).

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שֶׁ֫לֶם

n.[m.] sacrifice for alliance or friendship, ‘peace-offering’ (expl. disputed: orig. sacrif. for alliance Dillmann; al. peace-offering (mark of peace with God), Septuagint^{Smend K Pr} εἰρηνική, De Stade^{G i. 496} Wellhausen^{Heid. 71} (fellowship between God and worshippers); welfare-offering, Septuagint elsewhere σωτήριον, Ke; thank-offering (as due rendered for benefit, or in paying vow, compare √ Pi. 4, and Proverbs 7:14) Gesenius Ewald Kn; sacred meal its special feature: see Robertson Smith^{Sem. i. 219; 2nd ed. 237}; Nowack^{Arch. ii. 211f.} GFM^{Ency. Bib. Sacrifice, § 11}; Assyrian šulmu = שֶׁלֶם is cited by J Jerem^{Ency. Bib. Ritual, § 11});—construct שׁ׳ Amos 5:22; elsewhere plural שְׁלָמִים Exodus 24:5 + 69 times; construct שַׁלְמֵי Leviticus 10:14; with suffix שְׁלָמֶ֫יךָ Exodus 20:21, etc.; plural is abstr. intens. Leviticus 7:13; Numbers 6:17 +; plural of no. Exodus 24:5, I Samuel 11:15 +; usually hard to decide; שׁ׳ (in app.) defines זְבָחִים Exodus 24:5, and so זבח of covt. of Horeb is שׁ׳, as also sacrifice for Saul I Samuel 11:15; following phr. shew שׁ׳ essentially = זבהים in like phr. (see זבח); שׁ׳ coming to mean ז׳ in all ritual; over against עוֹלוֹת Exodus 20:21; Exodus 32:6, Leviticus 6:5, Deuteronomy 27:7; Joshua 8:31, Judges 20:26; Judges 21:4; I Samuel 13:9; II Samuel 6:17, II Samuel 6:18; II Samuel 24:25; I Kings 3:15; I Kings 9:25; I Chronicles 16:1, I Chronicles 16:2; I Chronicles 21:26; II Chronicles 31:2; Ezekiel 43:27; Ezekiel 45:17; Ezekiel 46:2, Ezekiel 46:12; so in longer lists Leviticus 9:4, Leviticus 9:22; Numbers 6:14; Numbers 29:39, I Kings 8:64^(×2); I Kings 16:13; II Chronicles 7:7; II Chronicles 29:35; Ezekiel 45:15, Ezekiel 45:17; Ezekiel 46:12; and when שׁ׳ alone Leviticus 7:14, Leviticus 7:33; in P שׁ׳ defines ז׳ in construct singular or plural: Exodus 29:28 Leviticus 3:1 + 34 times P, Leviticus 17:5; Leviticus 19:5; Leviticus 22:21; Leviticus 23:19, so I Samuel 10:8; I Kings 8:63; II Chronicles 30:22; II Chronicles 33:16; Proverbs 7:14; ז׳ שׁ׳ of H and P incl. תודה, נדר, נדבה Leviticus 7:12, Leviticus 7:16, and so זבח תודה שׁ׳ v Leviticus 7:13, Leviticus 7:15; שׁ׳ disting. from (larger) ז׳ in lists שָׁ׳, ז׳, עולות Joshua 22:27; נדר, ז׳, עלה Numbers 15:8; שׁ׳ disting. from נְדָבָה Ezekiel 46:12 (where may = either of other two); from נדרים, נדבות Numbers 29:39 (and must then ref. to תודות); from נדר Numbers 15:8; appar. then not disting. from תּוֹדוֹת, תּוֹדָה II Chronicles 33:16 being probably specification.

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שָׁלַם

verb denom. be in covenant of peace;—

imperative (ציווי) שְׁלָ֑ם Job 22:21 be at peace (in covt.); participle (בינוני) with suffix שׁוֹלְמִי Psalms 7:5 that is my ally, friend (compare Psalms 41:10); participle (בינוני) passive construct שְׁלֻמֵי II Samuel 20:19, read שָׂמוּ Ewald^{G iii.264} Gesenius ^{130 f.N.4} Driver (compare Wellhausen).

participle (בינוני) מְשֻׁלָּם Isaiah 42:19 one in covt. of peace (with י׳; but Septuagint משְׁלָם their ruler, so Cheyne^Haupt; Gesenius Hitzig Ewald al. one resigned (to God), read then מָשְׁלָם, compare √, Arabic iv.; Kroch Gratzä Marti מְשֻׁלָּחִי).

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular הִשְׁלִ֫ימָה Joshua 10:4; Joshua 11:19; 3rd masculine plural הִשְׁלִ֫ימוּ Joshua 10:1; future (עתיד) יַשְׁלִים Isaiah 44:26 +, יַשְׁלִם Proverbs 16:7; וַיַּשְׁלֵם I Kings 22:45, etc.;—

make peace with, אֶת, Joshua 10:1, Joshua 10:4; II Samuel 10:19 = I Chronicles 19:19 (עִם); עִם Deuteronomy 20:12 I Kings 22:45; c. אֶל pregn. Joshua 11:19 submitting unto.

cause to be at peace, אֶת, Proverbs 16:7.

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular הָשְׁלְמָה Job 5:23 live in peace with, לְ (‖ ברית).

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שָׁלֵם²

adjective complete, safe, at peace;—שׁ׳ Genesis 15:16 +; plural שְׁלֵמִים Genesis 34:21; Nahum 1:12; f. שְׁלֵמָה Deuteronomy 25:15 +; plural שְׁלֵמוֹת Deuteronomy 27:6 Joshua 8:31;—

complete:

full, perfect: אֶבֶן שְׁלֵמָה full weight Deuteronomy 25:15; Proverbs 11:1, אֵיפָה שׁ׳ Deuteronomy 25:15; of עָוֹן Genesis 15:16; number of captives Amos 1:6, Amos 1:9; of army Nahum 1:12 (text corrupt; Septuagint משֵׁל מַיִם, but?; see Comm.); of reward Ruth 2:12; of stones, whole (in natural condition, unhewn) Deuteronomy 27:6; Joshua 8:31 (compare law Exodus 20:22).

finished: that is hewn stones I Kings 6:7; temple II Chronicles 8:16.

safe, unharmed, of person Genesis 33:18 (P; Sam. שׁלוֹם, compare בשׁלום Genesis 28:21; not n.pr.location as Vrss).

in covt. of peace, friendship, c. אֵת Genesis 34:21; לֵבָב שָׁלֵם עִם י׳ a mind at peace with י׳, keeping covt. relation, hence complete, perfect, I Kings 8:61; I Kings 11:4; I Kings 15:3, I Kings 15:14; c. אֶל II Chronicles 16:9, אֶל om. II Kings 20:3 = Isaiah 38:3 (לֵב), I Chronicles 12:38; I Chronicles 29:19; II Chronicles 15:17; II Chronicles 19:9; II Chronicles 25:2; לֵב I Chronicles 28:9; I Chronicles 29:9.

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שָׁלֵם³

n.pr.location abbrev. from יְרוּשָׁלַם (q.see), and perhaps (Gunk Driver) intended as archaism Genesis 14:18, compare (poet.) Psalms 76:3 (‖ צִיּוֹן); see Jos^{Ant. i, 10, 2}; Septuagint Σαλημ and (ψ) εἰρήνη.

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שַׁלּוּם

(less often שַׁלֻּם) n.pr.m. Σελ(λ)ουμ, Σαλ(λ)ουμ, Σελλημ, etc.;—

king of N. Israel II Kings 15:10, II Kings 15:13, II Kings 15:14, II Kings 15:15.

son of Josiah, and king of Judah Jeremiah 22:11; I Chronicles 3:15 = יְהוֹאָחָז 1, see p. 219.

husband of Huldah II Kings 22:14 = II Chronicles 34:22, B SeptuagintL Σελλημ, A -λουμ.

uncle of Jeremiah Jeremiah 32:7.

in Simeon I Chronicles 4:25.

in Jerahmeel I Chronicles 2:40, I Chronicles 2:41.

in Ephr. II Chronicles 28:12.

in Napht. I Chronicles 7:13.

father of a threshold keeper Jeremiah 35:4.

wall-builder Nehemiah 3:12.

priests I Chronicles 5:38, I Chronicles 5:39; Ezra 7:2 (ancestor of Ezra, perhaps = מְשֻׁלָּם 7 a).

Levits:

I Chronicles 9:17^(×2), perhaps = v I Chronicles 9:19, I Chronicles 9:31, and Ezra 2:42 ‖ Nehemiah 7:44 (= שֶׁלֶמְיָה 2, מְשֻׁלָּם 8 c, (מְשֶׁלֶמְיָה(וּ)).

Ezra 10:24.

v Ezra 10:42 below.

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שַׁלּוּן

n.pr.m. wall-builder Nehemiah 3:15 = שַׁלּוּם according to Gesenius' Thesaurus.

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שְׁלֹמֹה

n.pr.m. Solomon (Σαλωμων, rarely Σαλομων, SeptuagintL mostly Σολομων; compare Lagarde^{BN 53, 96});—king of Israel, son of David and Bathsheba II Samuel 12:24; I Kings 1:11 + [name 2 times S; 162 times K; 109 times Ch; 7 times Ezr Ne]; born in Jerus. II Samuel 5:14; I Chronicles 3:5; I Chronicles 14:4; designated by D. as successor, anointed and proclaimed before D.’s death I Kings 1:30, I Kings 1:33, I Kings 1:34, I Kings 1:39 +; king after D.’s death I Kings 2:12, I Kings 2:17; I Chronicles 29:28; II Chronicles 1:1 + [phr. הַמֶּלֶךְ שׁ׳ I Kings 1:34 + 36 times K, 11 times Ch, Jeremiah 52:20; Song of Songs 3:9, Song of Songs 3:11; שׁ׳ הַמּ׳ I Kings 2:17; I Kings 12:2; I Chronicles 29:24; II Chronicles 10:2; שׁ׳ מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה I Kings 12:23; II Chronicles 11:3, מ׳ יִשׂ׳ II Kings 23:13; II Kings 24:13; II Chronicles 30:26; II Chronicles 35:3; Nehemiah 13:26]; builder of temple I Kings 5:22; I Kings 6:1, I Kings 6:2; I Chronicles 5:26 + often; wise I Kings 3:10; I Kings 5:9, I Kings 5:10, I Kings 5:14; I Kings 10:1, I Kings 10:2, I Kings 10:3, I Kings 10:4; II Chronicles 1:7, II Chronicles 1:11 +; author of proverbs (and songs) according to Proverbs מִשְׁלֵי שׁ׳ Proverbs 1:1; Proverbs 10:1; Proverbs 25:1 (compare I Kings 5:12, I Kings 5:13), see also לִשׁ׳ Psalms 72:1; Psalms 127:1 (titles), Song of Songs 1:1 (title); of written provision for priests, etc. II Chronicles 35:4, compare II Chronicles 8:14 Nehemiah 12:45; elsewhere (outside of K Ch) name occurs †Jeremiah 52:20; Song of Songs 1:5 (Winckler ^{Altor. Forsch. ii. 196} proposes Šalmaites, Nab. שלמו Lidzbarski ³⁷⁶, compare Levy ^{TW ii.489} Jastr ¹⁵⁸⁷), Song of Songs 3:7, Song of Songs 3:9, Song of Songs 3:11; Song of Songs 8:11, Song of Songs 8:12, and in phr. בְּנֵי עַדֵי שׁ׳ Ezra 2:55, Ezra 2:58 = Nehemiah 7:56, Nehemiah 7:59; Nehemiah 11:3.

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שְׁלֹמוֹת

i. שְׁלֹמִית (שְׁלוֹ׳ Ezra 8:10) n.pr.m.

Levites:

-מוֹת I Chronicles 24:22^(×2); I Chronicles 26:26; -מִית v I Chronicles 26:28; I Chronicles 23:18; -מות I Chronicles 26:25 Kt, -מִית Qr. Σαλωμωθ, SeptuagintL Σαλωμιθ.

-מות I Chronicles 23:9 Kt, -מִית Qr. Αλωθειμ, Σαλωμ(ε)ιθ.

-מִית son (appar.) of Rehob. II Chronicles 11:20, Εμμωθ, A Σαλημωθ, SeptuagintL Σαλωμιθ.

-מִית head of post-ex.. family Ezra 8:10, Σαλειμουθ, etc.

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שְׁלֹמִית

n.pr.f. Σαλ(ω)μιθ, etc.:

in Israel Leviticus 24:11.

daughter of Zerub. I Chronicles 3:19.

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שְׁלֹמִי

n.pr.m. in Asher, Numbers 34:27; Σελεμ(ε)ι.

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שְׁלֻמִיאֵל

n.pr.m. in Simeon Numbers 1:6; Numbers 2:12; Numbers 7:36, Numbers 7:41; Numbers 10:19; Σαλαμιηλ.

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שַׁלְמַנְאֶ֫סֶר

n.pr.m. king of Assyria (proposes -אסרד, = Assyrian Šulman-ašaridu, ‘(God) Šulman is chief,’ Schr^{ZK ii (1885), 197 ff.} Muss-Arnolt^{JBL xi (1892), 79});—II Kings 17:3 = II Kings 18:9; Σαλ(α)μανασ(σ)αρ, Vulgate Salmanasar. This was שׁ׳ V, b.c. 727–722, Say^{Hast DB s. see} Johns^{Ency. Bib. s. see}.

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שָׁלַף

verb draw out, off (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, loosen, draw (nail, sword; Jastr); Assyrian šalâpu, pluck out, draw sword; Aramaic שְׁלַף draw sword, draw off shoe, ܫܠܰܦ draw sword, in Lexx. remove corselet; Arabic سَلَفَ is pass, pass away, سَلَبَ strip, plunder, etc.);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Judges 3:22 +; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיִּשְׁלֹף Ruth 4:8, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שְׁלֹף Judges 9:54 +; participle (בינוני) active שֹׁלֵף Judges 8:10 +, etc.; passive f. שְׁלוּפָה Numbers 22:23 +;—

draw out sword from (מִן) wound Judges 3:22, compare Job 20:25; usually sword from sheath Judges 8:20; Judges 9:54; I Samuel 31:4 = I Chronicles 10:4, + מִתַּעְרָהּ I Samuel 17:51; וְחַרְבּוֹ שְׁלוּפָה בְּיָדוֹ Numbers 22:23, Numbers 22:31; Joshua 5:13 (all J), I Chronicles 21:16; elsewhere אִישׁ שֹׁלֵף ח׳ coll. Judges 8:10; Judges 20:2, Judges 20:15, Judges 20:17, Judges 20:46; II Samuel 24:9 II Kings 3:26 I Chronicles 21:5^(×2), compare Judges 20:35 and (שֹׁלְפֵי ח׳) v Judges 20:25.

draw off sandal Ruth 4:7, Ruth 4:8 (compare I. חלץ 1; also Robertson Smith^{K 269} Driver Deuteronomy 25:9 Bewer^{SK lxxvi (1903), 332}).

shoot up (?), that is draw out blade, of grass on roof Psalms 129:6 (compare Ewald Bae al.); Cheyne Driver is unsheathed (verb c. subj. indef. = passive), with same meaning; Hup-Nowack proposes שָׁלֵם (with ‖ in Syriac); see Ortenberg^{Textkritik d. Ps. (1861), 30} שֶׁחָלָף, Wellhausen^Haupt Duhm חֲלֹף (as Psalms 90:5, Psalms 90:6, see ח׳ 2).

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שֶׁ֫לֶף

n.pr.m. son of Joḳṭan;—שָׁ֑לֶף Genesis 10:26 = I Chronicles 1:20; Σαλεφ; identif. by Os^{ZMG xi (1857), 153 f.} with S. Arabic tribe سُلَف, compare Mordtm^{ZMG xxxix (1885), 228} Glaser^{Skizze ii. 425} Hom^{Chr 70}, and see Dillmann Driver.

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שִׁלֵּשׁ

Pi. denom. do a third time, divide into three parts, etc.;—past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular וְשִׁלַּשְׁתָּ֫ Deuteronomy 19:3 divide land into three parts (so future (עתיד) וַיְשַׁלֵּשׁ אֶת־הָעָם [for Masoretic Text וַיְשַׁלַּח] II Samuel 18:2 SeptuagintL Budde); I Samuel 20:19 stay three days (compare Driver); v I Samuel 20:20 Wellhausen Driver al. (compare Septuagint) read אֲשַׁלֵּשׁ בַּ׳ (for שְׁלשֶׁת הַ׳) = I will shoot on the third day with the arrows (HPS qu.); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural וַיְשַׁלֵּ֑שׁוּ I Kings 18:34, and imperative (ציווי) mpl. שַׁלֵּ֑שׁוּ v I Kings 18:34 do a third time. Pu. participle (בינוני) מְשֻׁלָּשׁ three years old Genesis 15:9 + I Samuel 1:24 (read with Septuagint Th Wellhausen etc. בְּפַר מְשֻׁלָּשׁ for בְּפָרִם שְׁלשָׁה), f. מְשֻׁלֶּשֶׁת Genesis 15:9^(×2); הַחוּט הַמְשֻׁלָּשׁ Ecclesiastes 4:12 the threefold cord; fpl. מְשֻׁלָּשׁוֹת Ezekiel 42:6 three-storied chambers.

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שְׁלִישִׁי

m. שְׁלִישִׁית f. adjectivenum. ord.₁₀₈ third;—יוֹם שְׁלִישִׁי Genesis 1:13 + 31 times, etc. (64 times, rarely שְׁלִשִׁי); plural שְׁלִשִׁים (third 50, set of messengers, etc.) I Samuel 19:21; II Kings 1:13 + 4 times; בַּשָּׁנָה הַשְּׁלִישִׁית I Kings 18:1 + 4 times, etc. (33 times; sometimes שְׁלִשִׁית, שְׁלִשִׁת, etc.); = third part, a third II Samuel 18:2^(×3) + 13 times, + (construct) Numbers 15:6 + 4 times, + שְׁלִשִׁתֵיךְ (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 911) Ezekiel 5:12 third part of thee; = third time I Samuel 3:8; also שְׁלִישִׁיָּה Isaiah 19:24 third (on par with other two); בַּשְּׁלֵישִׁים Ezekiel 42:3 in the thirds, that is third story;—שְׁלִשִׁיָּה עֶגְלַת Isaiah 15:5; Jeremiah 48:34, see ע׳ p. 722.—שְׁלִישִׁתָה Ezekiel 21:19 is corrupt; Krae proposes וְשֻׁלְּשָׁה the sword shall be doubled and trebled; other conjunction in Co Toy. I Samuel 20:5 del. הַשּׁ׳ Septuagint Wellhausen Driver al., so v I Samuel 20:12 II Samuel 23:18 read הַשְּׁלשִׁם Peshitta Wellhausen Driver al.

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שִׁלְשֹׁם

and (less often) שִׁלְשׁוֹם ₂₅ adverb = three days ago, specif. day before yesterday (Konig^{ii. 1. 255 f.} Lagarde^{BN 20 Anm.} Barth^{NB § 216b});—in phr. תְּמוֹל שׁ׳ Exodus 5:8 yesterday (and) day before, idiomat. for hitherto, so Ruth 2:11, אֶתְמוֹל שׁ׳ I Samuel 4:7; כִּת׳ שׁ׳ Genesis 31:2, Genesis 31:5, Exodus 5:7, Exodus 5:14, II Kings 13:5, compare I Samuel 14:21; I Samuel 19:7; גַּם־ת׳ גַּם־שׁ׳ Exodus 4:10, II Samuel 3:17; I Chronicles 11:2, compare II Samuel 5:2; מִתּ׳ שׁ׳ from aforetime, previously Exodus 21:29, Exodus 21:36, Deuteronomy 4:42; Deuteronomy 19:4, Deuteronomy 19:6; Joshua 4:18, Joshua 3:4; Joshua 20:5 (both R), compare I Samuel 10:11; כִּת׳ שׁ׳ I Samuel 21:6 as formerly (but Budde מִתּ׳ שׁ׳ = for some days).—שׁ׳ Proverbs 22:20 Kt is difficult; Qr שָׁלִשִׁים (see iii. שָׁלִישׁ) is imposs.; supply perhaps תְּמוֹל have I not written to thee heretofore, etc.?

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שָׁלִ(י)שׁ

n.[m.] third (part, that is of ephah? doubtful), name of a measure;—for dust Isaiah 40:12, tears Psalms 80:6 (in figuratively), adverb direct object measure-wise.

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שָׁלִישׁ

n.[m.] plural שָֽׁלִשִׁים, a (three-stringed? three-barred? three-cornered?) mus. instr., perhaps a sistrum (so Vulgate), or ‘triangle’ (RVm: compare Prince^{EB iii. 3228}), I Samuel 18:6 (+ בְּתֻפִּים).

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שָׁלִישׁ²

noun (masc.) adjutant or officer (best explained as third man (in chariot), see especially Haupt^{BAS iv. 586 f.} Bender^{journal ZAW xxiii (1903), 19} WMM^{As. u. Eur. 329}; see also Kau^{M N., DPV, 1904, 10}; doubted by Dillmann Exodus 14:7 Baen^ib. Buhl¹⁴);—absolute שׁ׳ of king’s personal attendant at court II Kings 7:2, II Kings 7:17, II Kings 7:19, with suffix, military officer of king, שָֽׁלִשֹׁה II Kings 9:25, שָֽׁלִישׁוֹ II Kings 15:25 (on abnormal—ָ see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 93 xx Konig^{ii. 1. 133, 449, 495}); plural שָֽׁלִישִׁים Ezekiel 23:15 + (sometimes שָֽׁלִשִׁם, etc.) v Ezekiel 23:23 Exodus 14:7; II Kings 10:25^(×2), + (Qr) II Samuel 23:8 (> Kt שׁלשׁי) = I Chronicles 11:11; I Chronicles 12:19 (v I Chronicles 12:18 van d. H.; Kt in both, שׁלושׁים), read in all three הַשְּׁלשָׁה (רֹאשׁ) chief of the three SeptuagintL Wellhausen Driver Budde Nowack.—שָֽׁלִשִׁים Proverbs 22:20 Qr see שִׁלְשֹׁם.

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שִׁלֵּשׁ²

adjective pertaining to the third;—only m.plural as noun שִׁלֵּשִׁים those of third generation (grandsons); בְּנֵי שׁ׳ Genesis 50:23 sons of those of third generation, that is great-grandsons (see Konig^{SK 1898, 533ff.}); עַל־בָּנִים עַל־שׁ׳ וְעַל־רִבֵּעִים Exodus 20:5 (E; see [רִבֵּעַ]) = Deuteronomy 5:9; Numbers 14:18; compare Exodus 34:7 (both J).

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שָׁלִ֫שָׁה

n.pr.location doubtful;—אֶרֶץ־שׁ׳ I Samuel 9:4, B SeptuagintL Σελχα, A Σαλισσα;? compare בַּעַל שָׁלִשָׁה II Kings 4:42.

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שַׁלְתִּיאֵל

n. pr. m. (= שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל Gesenius' Thesaurus Buhl);—father of Zerub. Haggai 1:12, Haggai 1:14; Haggai 2:2; Σαλαθιηλ.

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שָׁם

adverb there, thither (Arabic ثَمَّ there, compare ثُمَّ then; Biblical Aramaic תַּמָּה, Egyptian Aramaic תמה S-C^{Pap. A 4, J 6}, Targum תַּמָּן (with demonstrative n, compare אֱדַיִן beside אֲזַי), Syriac ܬܰܡܳܢ; Zenj^{Had. 8} (Cooke¹⁵⁹) שם);—

there Genesis 2:8, Genesis 2:12; Genesis 11:2, Genesis 11:7, Genesis 11:31 + often; placed early in sentence for emph., Micah 4:10 שָׁם תִּנָּצֵ֑לִי, Nahum 3:15; Ezekiel 32:22, Ezekiel 32:24 Psalms 104:26 +, וְשָׁם … Genesis 41:12; Exodus 15:27; Numbers 13:22, Numbers 13:33 +, שָׁם … וְשָׁם Exodus 15:25; Deuteronomy 12:14; Isaiah 27:10; Job 3:17 +, וְהִנֵּה שָׁם … Genesis 29:2, כִּי שָׁם … Genesis 11:9; Genesis 21:31; Genesis 35:7; II Samuel 1:21; II Samuel 15:21 +, אַךְ שָׁם … Isaiah 34:14, Isaiah 34:15, גַּם שָׁם … Isaiah 23:12; Isaiah 57:7 Psalms 139:10; resuming a preceding ‘where,’ Job 39:30 בַּאֲשֶׁר חֲלָלִים שָׁם הוּא, Judges 5:27; Jeremiah 22:12; Ecclesiastes 11:3, compare Ecclesiastes 1:7. Repeated, שָׁם … שָׁם here … there Isaiah 28:10, Isaiah 28:13. In poetry, pointing to a spot in which a scene is localized vividly in the imagination, Psalms 14:5 שׁם פחדו פחד there feared they a fear! Psalms 36:13, compare Psalms 48:7; Psalms 66:6; Psalms 132:17; Hosea 6:7; Zephaniah 1:14.—Habakkuk 3:4 read probably (Wellhausen Nowack) שָׂם the flashes at his side made he the hiding of his power; Ecclesiastes 3:17 שָׁם = with God, in the Divine plan or scheme: but read perhaps שָׂם Hitzig De al.

preceded by the rel., אֲשֶׁר שָׁם where, Genesis 2:11; Exodus 20:18; I Samuel 9:10 +, usually with one or more words between, Genesis 13:3, Genesis 13:14; Genesis 19:27; Exodus 29:42; II Samuel 11:16; II Kings 23:27 + often; after בַּאֲשֶׁר, בַּאֲשֶׁר הוּא שָׁם †Genesis 21:17. With אשׁר omitted (the rel. being indic. by construct, Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 130 c, d) Ezekiel 39:11 מְקוֹם שָׁם קֶבֶר בְּיִשְׂר׳ a place where a grave (may be) in Isr., but Septuagint Vulgate Co Or al. read שֵׁם a place of renown.

thither, after vbs. of motion (= שָׁ֫מָּה, see 3) Deuteronomy 1:37 לֹא תָבֹא שָׁם, Judges 19:15; Judges 21:10; I Samuel 2:14; I Samuel 9:6 al, אֲשֶׁר … שָׁם whither, I Kings 18:10; I Kings 21:18; II Kings 1:4, II Kings 1:6, II Kings 1:16; Isaiah 20:6, more often in Je Ez, as Jeremiah 8:3; Jeremiah 22:27; Jeremiah 23:3, Jeremiah 23:8; Jeremiah 45:5 +, Ezekiel 4:13; Ezekiel 12:16; Ezekiel 36:20, Ezekiel 36:22 +; so שֶׁשָּׁם Psalms 122:4.

with ה location, שָׁ֫מָּה (shā́mmāh):

after vbs. of motion, thither, Genesis 19:20 לָנוּס שָׁ֫מָּה to flee thither, v Genesis 19:22; Genesis 20:13; Genesis 24:6; Genesis 29:3; Deuteronomy 1:38 + often; = into it, therein (of a basket, pit, etc.), Exodus 16:33 וְתֶן־שָׁ֫מָּה מְלֹא הָעֹמֶר, Exodus 21:33 וְנָפַל שָׁמָּה, Exodus 30:18; Judges 8:25; II Kings 12:10; pregnantly, after a verb implying motion, as to bury, Genesis 23:13 וְאֶקְבְּרָה אֶת־מֵתִי שָׁ֫מָּה, Genesis 25:10; Genesis 49:31; Genesis 50:5 (all P), נוֹעַד to meet Exodus 29:42, Exodus 29:43; Exodus 30:6, Exodus 30:36; Numbers 17:19 (all P), Joshua 2:16; Joshua 7:3; Jeremiah 13:7; Joel 4:7 (compare b), Song of Songs 8:5 (?c).

אֲשֶׁר … שָׁ֫מָּה whither Genesis 20:13; Numbers 33:54; Deuteronomy 4:5, Deuteronomy 4:14 + often; where II Kings 23:8; I Chronicles 4:11.

more rarely, i. q. שָׁם there, Genesis 43:30 וַיִּבְךְ שָׁ֫מָּה, Joshua 2:1; Judges 16:27; II Kings 4:11; II Kings 9:16 Hosea 2:17; Isaiah 22:18; Isaiah 34:15; Isaiah 65:9; Jeremiah 18:2; Jeremiah 27:22; Ezekiel 23:3; Ezekiel 32:29, Ezekiel 32:30 (v Ezekiel 32:22, Ezekiel 32:24, Ezekiel 32:26 שָׁם), Ezekiel 48:35 י׳ שָׁ֫מָּה, Psalms 76:4; Psalms 122:5; Ecclesiastes 3:16.

מִשָּׁם from there, thence:

often after verbs of departing, taking, etc., Genesis 2:10; Genesis 11:8, Genesis 11:9; Genesis 12:8; Genesis 18:16; Genesis 24:7; Genesis 42:2, etc., Numbers 13:23; Numbers 21:12; Numbers 22:41 וַיַּרְא מִשָּׁם, Deuteronomy 4:29 וּבִקַּשְׁתֶּם מִשָּׁם, Deuteronomy 30:4; Jeremiah 37:12; Hosea 2:17; Amos 9:2, Amos 9:3, Amos 9:4; Job 39:29 +. Peculiarly, Genesis 49:24 מִשָּׁם רֹעֶה אֶבֶן יִשְׂר׳ Gesenius De RVm from there [from heaven], (from) the Shepherd (י׳), the Stone (Rock) of Israel, Ewald Dillmann Stade from there (where is) the Shepherd of (רֹעֵה) the (Bethel-)stone of Israel; but both forced: text dubious; Gunk by the name (מִשֵּׁם; so Peshitta) of the Shepherd, etc. (as Ewald Dillmann).

אֲשֶׁר … מִשָּׁם whence Genesis 24:5; Numbers 23:13 +.

expressing origin, Genesis 3:23 the ground אֲשֶׁר לֻקַּח מִשָּׁם, Genesis 10:14 whence (= from whom) came forth the Phil., Judges 19:18 מִשָּׁם אָנֹכִי, I Samuel 10:12 אִישׁ מִשָּׁם, Isaiah 65:20.

of the mass, from which something is taken or made, Genesis 27:9; Genesis 30:32 (of צֹאן), Leviticus 2:2 וְקָמַץ מִשָּׁם וגו׳ (from the meal, etc., of a מנחה), I Kings 17:13 אַךְ עֲשָׂי לִי מִשָּׁם עֻגָה קְטַנָּה that is from the meal and oil, II Kings 7:2, II Kings 7:19 וּמִשָּׁם לֹא תֹאכִֽל׃, Ezekiel 5:3.

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שֵׁם

noun (masc.) II Samuel 7:9 name (√ unknown; Gesenius' Thesaurus שׁמה, compare Barth^{ZMG xii (1887), 635}; Lagarde^{BN 160} ושּׁם, Arabic وَسَمَ brand, mark, compare Robertson Smith^{K 213, 303 ff.} Köii^{. 1. 104}; Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew (especially הַשֵּׁם = יהוה), Phoenician שם Lidzbarski ³⁷⁷; Assyrian šumu; Sab. סם Hom^{Chr 124}; Ethiopic ስmም Arabic إِسْمٌ, أُسْمٌ, سِمٌ, سُمٌ, Aramaic שֵׁם, שְׁמָא, also שׁוּם, שֻׁם (Konig^{ii. 1. 512}), ܫܶܡ, ܫܡܳܐ, Old Aramaic, Palmyrene שם Lidzbarski ³⁷⁷);—absolute שׁ׳ Genesis 6:4 +; construct שׁ׳ Genesis 12:8 +, rarely שֶׁם־ I Samuel 8:2 +; with suffix שְׁמִי Exodus 3:15 +, שִׁמְךָ Genesis 32:9 +, שְׁמֶ֑ךָ I Kings 18:31 +, etc.; plural שֵׁמוֹת (rarely שֵׁמֹת) Genesis 2:20 +; construct שְׁמוֹת Exodus 6:16 +, with suffix שְׁמוֹתָם Numbers 13:4 +, שְׁמוֹתָן Ezekiel 23:4^(×2);—name:

of river Genesis 2:11, Genesis 2:13, Genesis 2:14, beasts v Genesis 2:19, Genesis 2:20, city Genesis 26:33 (all J) +; שׁ׳ היּוֹם †Ezekiel 24:2, that is exact designation of it (+ אֶת־עֶצֶם הַיּ׳ הַזֶּה).

usually of person: Genesis 4:17, Genesis 4:19^(×2) +; as signif. I Samuel 25:25, compare Proverbs 21:24; especially in phr. וַיְהִי אִישׁ … וּשְׁמוֹ אֶלְקָנָה I Samuel 1:1, compare I Samuel 9:1, I Samuel 9:2, Jeremiah 37:13 + 28 times; less often as גָּלְיָת שְׁמוֹ I Samuel 17:4, compare Zechariah 6:12 + 5 times (compare in Assyrian Krae^{BAS i. 430}); freq. c. קָרָא (q.see 5 e, 6; Niph. 2, Pu.; note here, נִקְרָא שׁ׳ עַל in token of ownership II Samuel 12:28 (see Driver), Isaiah 4:1); rarely, שִׂים אֶת־שְׁמוֹ אֲבִימֶלֶךְ Judges 8:31, compare II Kings 17:34; Nehemiah 9:7; וַיָּ֫שֶׂם לָהֶם שׁ׳ Daniel 1:7; c. יֵאָמֵר Genesis 32:29; change of name is without verb, as Genesis 17:15, or (usually) c. יִהְיֶה Genesis 35:10 Isr. shall be thy name, compare Genesis 17:5; I Kings 18:31; I Chronicles 22:9, also וַיַּסֵּב אֶת־שְׁמוֹ יְהו׳ II Kings 23:34 = II Chronicles 36:4, compare II Kings 24:17, and (subj. י׳) שׁ׳ עוֹלָם אֶתֶּן־לוֹ Isaiah 56:5; מַה־שְּׁמֶ֑ךָ Genesis 32:28, compare Exodus 3:13; Proverbs 30:4, מִי שְׁמֶ֑ךָ Judges 13:17; be explicitly mentioned is: וְכֻלָּם בְּשֵׁמוֹת Ezra 10:16, נִקְּבוּ בְשׁ׳ Numbers 1:17; I Chronicles 16:41; II Chronicles 28:15; II Chronicles 31:19; Ezra 8:20, הַבָּאִים בְּשׁ׳ I Chronicles 4:38, וַיָּבֹאוּ הַכְּתוּבִים בְּשׁ׳ v I Chronicles 4:41; of things, וּבְשֵׁמוֹת תִּפְקְדוּ Numbers 4:32, + v Numbers 4:27 (read בְּשֵׁמֹת Septuagint Dillmann Baen Gray); יְדַעְתִּיךָ בְּשֵׁם Exodus 33:12 (subj. י׳), that is acknowledge thee, personally (as mine), compare v Exodus 33:17 (both J); בְּשׁ׳ פ׳ as the representative of I Samuel 25:5, I Samuel 25:9 I Kings 21:8 Jeremiah 29:25 Esther 2:22; Esther 3:12; Esther 8:8^(×2), Esther 8:10 (compare also 3).

= reputation; (1) וַאֲגַדְּלָה שְׁמֶ֑ךָ Genesis 12:2, וְעָשִׂתִי לְךָ שׁ׳ גָּדוֹל כְּשֵׁם הַגְּדֹלִים אֲשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ II Samuel 7:9; †make oneself a name וְנַעֲשֶׂה לָנוּ שׁ׳ Genesis 11:4, וַיַּעַשׂ לוֹ שׁ׳ II Samuel 8:13, of י׳ Jeremiah 32:20, hence Nehemiah 9:10 Daniel 9:15, Isaiah 63:12, Isaiah 63:14, so c. שׂוּם II Samuel 7:23 = I Chronicles 17:21; וַיֵּצֵא לָךְ שֵׁם בְּ׳ Ezekiel 16:14 (compare I Chronicles 14:17), II Chronicles 26:15 עַד־לְמֵרָחוֹק, v II Chronicles 26:8 וַיֵּלֶךְ שְׁמוֹ עַד־לְ׳; II Samuel 23:18, II Samuel 23:22; = fame, glory, Zephaniah 3:19, Zephaniah 3:20 Ezekiel 39:13.—Ezekiel 34:29 read perhaps שָׁלֹם Septuagint Siegf Be Toy; Co שָׁלֵם; Krae conjunction שָׁמֵן; אַנְשֵׁי הַשֵּׁם Genesis 6:4, Numbers 16:2, אַנְשֵׁי שַׁמוֹת I Chronicles 5:24; I Chronicles 12:31 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:30); c. neg. בְּנֵי בְלִי־שֵׁם Job 30:8; (2) bad sense, וְהוֹצִא עָלֶיהָ שֵׁם רָ֑ע Deuteronomy 22:14, compare v Deuteronomy 22:19 Nehemiah 6:13; = byword Ezekiel 23:10; טְמֵאַת הַשּׁ׳ Ezekiel 22:5.

especially as giving a man a kind of posthumous life, especially in his sons, אֵין־לִי בֵן בַּעֲבוּר הַזְכִּיר שְׁמִי II Samuel 18:18, לְהָקִים לְאָחִיו שֵׁם בְּ׳ Deuteronomy 25:7, compare v Deuteronomy 25:6 Ruth 4:5, Ruth 4:10, without whom it is blotted out, etc., Deuteronomy 25:6, compare Numbers 27:4, Ruth 4:10, so that to destroy one’s name = extirpate family (and שֵׁם sometimes is ‖ זֶרַע) I Samuel 24:22 (Gi v I Samuel 24:21), II Samuel 14:7 (‖ שְׁאֵרִית), so of peoples Deuteronomy 7:24; Deuteronomy 9:14; Deuteronomy 12:3 Isaiah 14:22 +; לֹא יָזָּרַע מִשִּׁמְךָ עוֹד Nahum 1:14 (of Nineveh); כֵּן יעֲמֹד זַרְעֲכֶם וְשִׁמְכֶם Isaiah 66:22; more abstr. (‖ זֵכֶר) Job 18:17 Proverbs 10:7.

name, as designation of God, specif. of י׳ (especially Je Ez Isaiah 2, Isaiah 3 ψψ):—first (in Hex) in phr. ק׳ בְּשׁ׳ י׳ Genesis 4:26, call with, that is use the name י׳ in worship, so Genesis 12:8; Genesis 13:4; Genesis 21:33; Genesis 26:35 + (see קרא 2 c); hence, of place of worship, בְּכָל־הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר אַזְכִּיר אֶת־שְׁמִי שָׁם Exodus 20:21 (Gi v Exodus 20:18); אֶת־שְׁמוֹ שָׁם [לְשַׁכֵּן] לָשׂוּם Deuteronomy 12:5, Deuteronomy 12:11 +; בָּנָה בַּיִת לִשְׁמִי II Samuel 7:13 + often; people come לְשׁ׳ י׳ Joshua 9:9 (R^D), so לְמַעַן שׁ׳ I Kings 8:41 = II Chronicles 6:32, Isaiah 60:9; seek it Psalms 83:17; swear with בְּשׁ׳ י׳ I Samuel 20:42 Deuteronomy 6:13; Deuteronomy 10:20 Leviticus 19:12, compare (לַשָּׁוְא) Exodus 20:7^(×2) = Deuteronomy 5:11^(×2); תָּפַשׂ שׁ׳ י׳ Proverbs 30:9; נִקְרָא שְׁמִי עַל־, etc., in token of ownership (compare 2 a), Jeremiah 7:10 + (see p. 896 a); = his reputation, fame, c. עָשָׂה לוֹ, see 1 b (1), compare Joshua 7:9; בְּשׁ׳ י׳, that is as his representative Exodus 5:23, I Samuel 17:45 Deuteronomy 10:8 II Samuel 6:18 II Kings 2:24 + (see 2 a ad fin.); especially as embodying the (revealed) character of י׳: י׳ שְׁמוֹ Amos 5:8; Amos 9:6 Jeremiah 33:2, זֶה שְּׁמִי לְעֹלָם Exodus 3:15 (E; ‖ זֵכֶר; fundamental passage), Exodus 6:3; צְבָאוֹת שְׁמוֹ (א׳) י׳ Amos 4:13; Amos 5:27 Jeremiah 10:16; Jeremiah 46:18 + 10 times Je Isaiah 2, י׳ קַנָּא שְׁמוּ Exodus 34:14 (J; compare Exodus 20:5 Nahum 1:2), קָדוֹשׁ שׁ׳ Isaiah 57:15, שׁ׳ קָדְשִׁי[וֹ] Amos 2:7 Ezekiel 39:7; Ezekiel 43:7 Psalms 103:1 + often; hence object of knowledge Isaiah 52:6 Jeremiah 48:17, יֹדְעֵי שְׁמֶ֑ךָ Psalms 9:11 (‖ דֹּרְשֶׁיךָ), love Isaiah 56:6, אֹהֲבֵי שׁ׳ Psalms 5:12; Psalms 69:37; Psalms 119:132, fear Psalms 61:6, especially of praise, etc. (הִלֵּל, הִזְכִּיר, הוֹדָה, בֵּרַךְ, etc.): לְשִׁמְךָ אֲזַמֵּר II Samuel 22:50 (‖ אוֹדְךָ, and so very often ‖ י׳) = Psalms 18:50, compare I Chronicles 16:10; I Chronicles 29:13 Psalms 45:18 Isaiah 26:13 I Kings 8:33, I Kings 8:35 = II Chronicles 6:24, II Chronicles 6:26 Psalms 8:2, Psalms 8:10 +; הָבוּ לי׳ כְּבוֹד שְׁמוֹ Psalms 29:2; Psalms 96:8, and many combinations; opposite חִלֵּל אֶת־שׁ׳ א׳ Leviticus 18:21 +, נקב שׁ׳ י׳ Leviticus 24:16, נִאֵץ שׁ׳ Psalms 74:10, Psalms 74:18, etc.; הַשּׁ׳ הַנִּכְבָּד וְהַנּוֹרָא Deuteronomy 28:58, compare Nehemiah 1:11, לְמַעַן שִׁמְךָ, in appeals to י׳ to act according to his character Jeremiah 14:7, Jeremiah 14:21 Ezekiel 20:9, Ezekiel 20:14 Isaiah 48:9; Isaiah 66:5 Psalms 25:11; Psalms 31:4 +; שׁ׳ י׳ is powerful agent, בְּשִׁמְךָ הוֹשִׁיעֵנִי Psalms 54:3 (‖ בִּגְבוּרָתְךָ), compare Psalms 124:8; of מַלְאַךְ י׳, י׳ says שְׁמִי בְּקִרְבּוֹ Exodus 23:21; הַשֵּׁם Leviticus 24:11 is probably scribal substitution for word י׳ (already beginning to be thought ineffable, especially c. וַיִּקֹּב compare Gei^{Urschr. 273 f.} Dillmann Driver-Wh Baen); on development of this usage, and Jewish use of הַשּׁ׳ as personif. or hypostasis, see Levy^{NHWB s. see} Jastr ^{s. see}.—קָרוֹב שְׁמֶ֑ךָ Psalms 75:2 is striking, but doubtful, < Septuagint Dy Che Gr Hup-Now קֹרְאֵי שׁ׳, Duhm קָרָנוּ בִשׁ׳ (= קָרָאנוּ).

of false gods, use forbidden Exodus 23:13, Joshua 23:7 (R^D), compare Hosea 2:19 Psalms 16:4; speak בְּשֵׁם אלהים אחרים Deuteronomy 18:20; קָרָא בְשׁ׳ א׳ I Kings 18:24, I Kings 18:25, I Kings 18:26; יֵלְכוּ בְשׁ׳ א׳ Micah 4:5.

= memorial, monument Isaiah 55:13 (‖ אוֹת; so Cheyne Duhm > = fame Dillmann-Kittel), יָד וָשֵׁם טוֹב מִבָּנִים וגו׳ Isaiah 56:5 (with word-play on שׁ׳ 2 c).

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שֵׁם²

n.pr.m. first son of Noah;—Genesis 5:32; Genesis 6:10; Genesis 7:13; Genesis 10:1, Genesis 10:22, Genesis 10:31; Genesis 11:10^(×2), Genesis 11:11 (all P), Genesis 9:18, Genesis 9:23, Genesis 9:26, Genesis 9:27; Genesis 10:21 (all J), I Chronicles 1:4, I Chronicles 1:17, I Chronicles 1:24; Σημ.

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שְׁמוּאֵל

n.pr.m. Samuel (= name of Ēl Gesenius' Thesaurus al. (or, his name is Ēl Hom^{Hebrew Trad. 98 f.} Winckler^{Schrader's Keilinschriften3 225} Nowack I Samuel 1:20), compare פְּנוּאֵל, רְעוּאֵל; see Driver I Samuel 1:20; Prät^{ZMG 1903, 777 ff.} caritative from יִשְׁמָעֵאל; Palmyrene שמואל Lidzbarski ³⁷⁷; see further Gie^{AT1 Schätzung d. Gottesn. (1901), 102 ff.});—

great prophet, 11th cent. b.c., Σαμουηλ: I Samuel 1:20 (name expl. as if from שָׁאַל), I Samuel 1:18, I Samuel 1:21, I Samuel 1:26 + 125 times 1 S, I Chronicles 6:13, I Chronicles 6:18; I Chronicles 9:22; I Chronicles 11:3; I Chronicles 26:28; I Chronicles 29:29; II Chronicles 35:18; Jeremiah 15:1 Psalms 99:6.

in Simeon, Numbers 34:20, Σαλαμιηλ.

in Issachar I Chronicles 7:2, (Ι)σαμουηλ.

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שְׁמִידָ֑ע

n.pr.m. in Manasseh (the name knoweth? compare Sab. ידעסמהו DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 16});—Numbers 26:22 (Συμαερ), Joshua 17:2 I Chronicles 7:19, Συμαρειμ, etc.; SeptuagintL Σαμ(ε)ιδα(ε).

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שִׁמְאָה

n.pr.m. in Benjamin I Chronicles 8:32 Σεμαα, Σαμαα, etc., = following.

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שִׁמְאָם

n.pr.m. = foregoing, I Chronicles 9:38, Σαμα(α).

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שַׁמָּא

see שַׁמָּה, √ שׁמם.

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שַׁמְגַּר

n.pr.m. a ‘judge,’ son of Anath, Judges 3:31; Judges 5:6, Σαμα[ε]γαρ (on this name (Hittite?) compare GFM Judges 3:31; Noldeke^{ZMG xiii (1888), 479} conjunction שׁמגד.)

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שַׁמָּה

see שׁמם.

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שַׁמְהוּת

n.pr.m. captain of Israel I Chronicles 27:8, Σαλαωθ, A SeptuagintL Σαμαωθ; probably = ii. שַׁמָּה 3 b, q.see

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שְׁמוּאֵל²

see sub שֵׁם.

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שַׁמּוֹת

see ii. שַׁמָּה, √ שׁמם.

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שַׁמַּי

see √ שׁמם.

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שְׁמִידָע

-דָעִי see שֵׁם.

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שַׁמְלַי

Ezra 2:46, see שַׂלְמַי.

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שְׁמִטָּה

noun (fem.) a letting drop of exactions, a (temporary) remitting: תַּעֲשֶׂה שׁ׳ Deuteronomy 15:1 (at end of seven years), v Deuteronomy 15:2 כִּי קָרָא שׁ׳ לי׳; whence seventh year is שְׁנַת הַשּׁ׳ v Deuteronomy 15:9; Deuteronomy 31:10.

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שָׁמֵם

verb be desolated, appalled (connex. of meanings not clear) (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; J.Aram שְׁמַם Ithp. be dazed);—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular שָׁמֵ֑מָה Ezekiel 35:15, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשֹּׁם I Kings 9:8 +, 3rd masculine plural יָשֹׁ֫מּוּ Job 17:8 Psalms 40:16, etc.; imperative (ציווי) mpl. שֹׁ֫מּוּ Jeremiah 2:12; infinitive (מקור) construct (?) metapl. שַׁמּוֹת Ezekiel 36:3 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67r, but see infra);—תֵּשַׁם, etc. (see [יָשַׁם]) are placed here by most; Ezekiel 6:6 reads תִּישָׁ֑מְנָה, see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67 p dd;—participle (בינוני) שׁוֹמֵם Lamentations 3:11 (see also Pōʿ.); f. שֹׁמֵמָ֔ה (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 84 a s) II Samuel 13:20 +; plural שׁוֹמֵמִין Lamentations 1:4, etc.;—

be desolated, of Tamar II Samuel 13:20 (that is deflowered, or deserted; others appalled), of person elsewhere late Lamentations 1:16; נְתָנַנִי שֹׁמֵמָה v Lamentations 1:13, שָׂמַנִ֫י שׁ׳ Lamentations 3:11; pt. as noun (fem.) בְּנֵי שׁוֹמֵמָה Isaiah 54:1 (opposite בְּעוּלָה) [Daniel 8:13 + see Pōʿ.]; usually of land, etc. (sometimes = deserted), Isaiah 49:8; Ezekiel 33:28 (מֵאֵין עוֹבֵר), Ezekiel 35:12 (read שָֽׁמְמוּ Qr Co Toy Krae; > Kt שׁממה), v Ezekiel 33:15; הֶחֳרָבוֹת הַשֹּׁמְמוֹת Ezekiel 36:4 (‖ הֶעָרִים הַנֶּעֱזָבוֹת); שַׁמּוֹת v Ezekiel 33:3 is probably corrupt, Co שְׁאָט as v Ezekiel 33:5, Hitzig-Smend from שׁמה = נשׁם, Toy נָשֹׁם, Krae נְשֹׁם, Lamentations 1:4; Lamentations 5:18; pt. fpl. as n. = desolate places Isaiah 49:19; Isaiah 61:4 (both ‖ חֳרָבוֹת), v Isaiah 61:4 (compare שְׁמָמָה Isaiah 62:4); = desolations Daniel 9:18, Daniel 9:26.

be appalled, awestruck, usually at (עַל) judgments on others, Leviticus 26:32, Jeremiah 2:12 (see II. [חָרֵב]), Ezekiel 26:16; Ezekiel 27:35; Ezekiel 28:19; Isaiah 52:14; Job 17:8, compare I Kings 9:8 = II Chronicles 7:21, Jeremiah 18:16; Jeremiah 19:8; Jeremiah 49:17; Jeremiah 50:13; on oneself Psalms 40:16 (עַל־עֵקֶב).—Isaiah 42:14 see [נשׁם].

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular נָשַׁ֫מָּה Jeremiah 12:11 +, 3rd plural נָשַׁ֫מּוּ Zephaniah 3:6 +; participle (בינוני) f. נְשַׁמָּה Ezekiel 36:34 +, etc.;—= Qal:

be desolated, of roads Leviticus 26:22, Isaiah 33:8, bamoth Amos 7:9 (‖ יֶחֱרָ֑בוּ), altars Ezekiel 6:4; compare Ezekiel 25:3; Ezekiel 32:15 Zephaniah 3:6; Zechariah 7:14; Joel 1:17 Psalms 69:26; lands Jeremiah 12:11; Ezekiel 29:12; Ezekiel 30:7; Ezekiel 36:34, Ezekiel 36:35, cities Isaiah 54:3 (opposite יוֹשִׁיבוּ), compare Ezekiel 36:35; Amos 9:14; Jeremiah 33:10; הַנְּשַׁמָּה Ezekiel 36:36 the desolated (sc. land, in figuratively).

be appalled Jeremiah 4:9; Lamentations 4:5; Ezekiel 4:17; Ezekiel 30:7, c. עַל rei Job 18:20.

participle (בינוני)

וָאֵֽשְׁבָה מְשׁוֹמֵם Ezra 9:3 I sat appalled, compare v Ezra 9:4.

transit. appalling, causing horror (Driver ^{Dn 150 f.}): (הַ)שִּׁקּוּץ מְשֹׁמֵם Daniel 11:31, + perhaps Daniel 9:27 (see שִׁקּוּץ); so also שִׁקּ׳ שֹׁמֵם Daniel 12:11 (on שׁ׳ see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 52s), הַפֶּשַׁע שֹׁמֵם Daniel 8:13 the crime causing horror, and שׁ׳ as n. Horror-causer, appaller, Daniel 9:27.

past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular הֲשִׁמּ֫וֹתָ Job 16:7, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַשִּׁים (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67y) Jeremiah 49:20; Jeremiah 50:45, 3rd masculine plural with suffix וַיְשִׁמֵּם I Samuel 5:6, 1st plural נַשִּׁים Numbers 21:30, etc.; imperative (ציווי) mpl. הָשַׁמּוּ (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67v) Job 21:5; infinitive (מקור) absolute הַשְׁמֵם Micah 6:13; participle (בינוני) מַשְׁמִים Ezekiel 3:15;—

devastate, ravage, direct object person I Samuel 5:6; Ezekiel 20:26; Hosea 2:14 (figuratively of vine), Job 16:7; direct object location Leviticus 26:31, Leviticus 26:32, Jeremiah 10:25; Ezekiel 30:12, Ezekiel 30:14 Psalms 79:7, so (direct object om.) Numbers 21:30 (poem in JE), Micah 6:13;—Ezekiel 14:8 see שִׂים Hiph.

appall, direct object person, c. עַל at, Jeremiah 49:20; Jeremiah 50:45; Ezekiel 32:10.

inwardly trans., וָאֵשֵׁב מַשׁ׳ Ezekiel 3:15 shewing horror, Job 21:5 (Budde Niph. הִשַּׁמּוּ).

infinitive (מקור) absolute כָּל־יְמֵי הָשַּׁמָּה (sc. הָאָרֶץ) Leviticus 26:34 all the days of (its) being desolate, so v Leviticus 26:35 II Chronicles 36:21; Aramaizing, בָּהְשַׁמָּה (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 67y) Leviticus 26:43.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁתּוֹמֵם Psalms 143:4, etc.;—

be appalled, astounded, כִּי that, because, Isaiah 59:16; Isaiah 63:5; עַל rei Daniel 8:27; בְּתוֹכִי יִשְׁתּ׳ לְבִּי Psalms 143:4 (compare 1st plural נשתומם Ecclus Ben Sira 43:24).

cause oneself desolation, ruin, Ecclesiastes 7:16 (תִּשּׁוֹמֵם, var. תִּשְׁתּוֹמֵם).

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שָׁמֵם²

adjective devastated;—שׁ׳ of sanctuary Daniel 9:17; f. שְׁמֵמָה of land Jeremiah 12:11.

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שְׁמָמָה

noun (fem.) a devastation, waste;—absolute שׁ׳ Exodus 23:29 +; plural construct שִׁמְמוֹת Jeremiah 51:26 +;—waste, usually of land, city, houses, etc., Exodus 23:29, Isaiah 1:7 (probably del., with words following Stu^{JPTh. 1877, 714} FB^{JBL (1890), 84}), Leviticus 26:33, Jeremiah 4:27 + 14 times Je (‖ מֵאֵין אָדָם וגו׳ Jeremiah 32:43, מֵאֵין ישֵׁב Jeremiah 34:22), Ezekiel 6:14 + 18 times Ez (Ezekiel 35:7 read שְׁמָמָה וּמְשַׁמָּה for Masoretic Text שִֽׁמְמָה וּשְׁמָמָה, so Hitzig Co Toy Krae al.) +; of prince, יִלְבַּשׁ שׁ׳ Ezekiel 7:27; of idols Micah 1:7; כּוֹס שַׁמָּה וּשׁ׳ Ezekiel 23:33.—Ezekiel 35:12 see שׁמם Qal.

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שִֽׁמְמָה

Ezekiel 35:7 see foregoing.

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שַׁמָּא²

n.pr.m. in Asher, I Chronicles 7:37, Σεμ(μ)α, etc.

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שַׁמָּה²

noun (fem.) waste, appalment (24 times Je);—absolute שׁ׳ Jeremiah 5:30 +; plural absolute שַׁמּוֹת Psalms 46:9;—

a waste, of land, etc., Psalms 46:9 Hosea 5:9; Isaiah 5:9; Isaiah 13:9; Isaiah 24:12; Zechariah 7:14; Jeremiah 2:15; Jeremiah 4:7; Jeremiah 18:16; Jeremiah 19:8; Jeremiah 46:19; Jeremiah 48:9; Jeremiah 50:3; Jeremiah 51:29, Jeremiah 51:43, vine Joel 1:7; person Psalms 73:19; כּוֹס שׁ׳ וּשְׁמָמָה Ezekiel 23:33.

appalment, horror, that is occasion of it; of people, land, etc., Deuteronomy 28:37; II Kings 22:19; Micah 6:16; Zephaniah 2:15; Jeremiah 5:30; Jeremiah 25:9, Jeremiah 25:11, Jeremiah 25:18, Jeremiah 25:38; Jeremiah 29:18; Jeremiah 42:18; Jeremiah 44:12, Jeremiah 44:22; Jeremiah 49:13, Jeremiah 49:17; Jeremiah 50:23; Jeremiah 51:37, Jeremiah 51:41; II Chronicles 29:8; II Chronicles 30:7; שׁ׳ הֶחֱזִקָ֑תְנִי Jeremiah 8:21.

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שַׁמָּה³

n.pr.m.

in Edom Genesis 36:13, Genesis 36:17; I Chronicles 1:37, usually Σομε.

third son of Jesse I Samuel 16:9; I Samuel 17:13, Σαμ(μ)α, SeptuagintL Σαμαα; see שִׁמְעָא, שִׁמְעָה, שִׁמִעִי.

Σαμαια(ς), etc., heroes of David:

II Samuel 23:11 (om. accid. ‖ I Chronicles 11:13 Driver), v I Chronicles 11:33.

v I Chronicles 11:25 = שַׁמּוֹת I Chronicles 11:27, Σαμαωθ, Σαμ(μ)ωθ; probably also שַׁמְהוּת I Chronicles 27:8.

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שַׁמּוֹת²

n.pr.m. see foregoing.

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שַׁמַּי²

n.pr.m. in Judah:

I Chronicles 2:28^(×2), I Chronicles 2:32, Σαμ(μ)αι, etc.

I Chronicles 2:44, I Chronicles 2:45, Σαμαι.

I Chronicles 4:17, Σεμεν, Σεμμαι, Σαμι.

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שָׁמֵן

verb grow fat (Mishnaic Hebrew Hiph. the same, also שֶׁמֶן; Arabic سَمِنَ be fat; Aramaic ܫܡܶܢ, especially der. spec. and deriv.; שְׁמֵין adjective fat: Assyrian šamnu, fat; Phoenician (Pun.) שמן oil, so Palmyrene שמנא Lidzbarski³⁷⁸; on relation of meanings Frä¹⁴⁷);—

past (עבר) 2nd masculine singular שָׁמַ֫נְתָּ Deuteronomy 32:15 and future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיִּשְׁמַן v Deuteronomy 32:15 both of Israel (propserous and arrogant) under figuratively of fat beast; so past (עבר) 3rd plural שָֽׁמְנוּ Jeremiah 5:28 (of wicked).

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural וַיַּשְׁמִינוּ Nehemiah 9:25 were sated and shewed fatness (inner causat.); imperative (ציווי) ms. הַשְׁמֵן Isaiah 6:10 make fat (dull, unreceptive), לֵב הָעָם הַזֶּה.

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שָׁמֵן²

adjective fat, robust;—שׁ׳ m. Judges 3:29 +, f. שְׁמֵנָה Genesis 49:20 +;—

fat, rich, of food, Genesis 49:20 (poem in J), Isaiah 30:23 (+ דָּשֵׁן), Habakkuk 1:16 (‖ בְּרִאָה); of land, fertile Numbers 13:20, Nehemiah 9:25, Nehemiah 9:35, pasturage Ezekiel 34:14 I Chronicles 4:40. (I Samuel 15:9 see מִשְׁנֶה 3).

stout, robust, of men Judges 3:29 (‖ אִישׁ חַיִל; see GFM); f. coll. (figuratively of flock) Ezekiel 34:16 (+ הַחֲזָקָה).

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שָׁמָן

n.[m.] fat, fertile, place;—plural construct מִשְׁמַנֵּי הָאָרֶץ (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) §§ 20 a, 93 ee) Genesis 27:28 (poem in J; מִן partit.), v Genesis 27:39 (poem in E; מִן priv. according to Gesenius' Thesaurus Ewald Dillmann Gunk al.; < partit. here as v b, Vulgate [Septuagint ἀπὸ in both], AV RV Nö^{Ency. Bib. 1184}, compare Driver).

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שֶׁ֫מֶן

noun (masc.) II Kings 20:13 (on appar. f. Song of Songs 1:3 compare Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 99, 106}) fat, oil;—שׁ׳ absolute Genesis 28:18 +, construct Leviticus 8:2 +; שָׁ֑׳ II Kings 4:6 +; with suffix שַׁמְנִי Hosea 2:7 +, etc.; plural שְׁמָנִים Amos 6:6 +; with suffix שְׁמָנֶיךָ Song of Songs 1:3, -נַיִךְ Song of Songs 4:10;—

fat, fatness: קֶרֶן בֶּן־שׁ׳ Isaiah 5:1 (of fertile slope); plural גֵּיא־שְׁמָנִים Isaiah 28:1, Isaiah 28:4; of food (in figuratively) Isaiah 25:6^(×2); literally בְּשָׂרִי כַּחַשׁ מִשָּׁ֑מֶן Psalms 109:24 (compare צוֹם v a), compare מִפְּנֵי שׁ׳ Isaiah 10:27 (in figuratively, si vera l., meaning obscure; most now emend by conjecture; Robertson Smith^{JPh xiii (1885), 62} עָלָה מִצָּפוֹן שֹׁדֵד [see also II. חבל], joining to v Isaiah 10:28; Duhm Marti has gone up from P^ene-Rimmon [??], compare Dillmann-Kittel).

oil, specif. olive-oil, as rich product Deuteronomy 8:8 + (see זַיִת); hence עֵץ שׁ׳ Isaiah 41:19 oil-tree, usually explained as wild olive, oleaster, so Nehemiah 8:15 (‖ זַיִת), עֲצֵי שׁ׳ oleaster-wood I Kings 6:23, I Kings 6:31, I Kings 6:32, I Kings 6:33; once שׁ׳ הַמֹּר Esther 2:2 (see מֹר p. 600b; מ׳ also in holy anointing oil Exodus 30:23).

שׁ׳ as staple (condiment) Numbers 11:8 (J; see לשׁד), of value I Kings 17:12, I Kings 17:14, I Kings 17:16; II Kings 2:4, II Kings 2:6, II Kings 2:7 + 4 times; symb. of plenty Deuteronomy 32:13; Deuteronomy 33:24; Job 29:6; ascribed (falsely) to gift of Baals Hosea 2:7; as royal treasure II Kings 20:13 = Isaiah 39:2, compare I Kings 5:25 (שׁ׳ כָּתִית, see כ׳) = II Chronicles 2:9, II Chronicles 2:14 + 3 times; tribute Hosea 12:2, art. of trade Ezekiel 27:17; odoriferous Proverbs 27:9; Song of Songs 1:3; Song of Songs 4:10, שׁ׳ רוֹקֵחַ Ecclesiastes 10:1, so (figuratively) Song of Songs 1:3; Ecclesiastes 7:1; Proverbs 27:16 is corrupt, see Toy; sign of luxury Ezekiel 16:13; Proverbs 21:17, of prosperity Ezekiel 16:20.

שׁ׳ as medicament Isaiah 1:6; as unguent, for shield II Samuel 1:21, person Amos 6:6; Micah 6:15; Deuteronomy 28:40; Ezekiel 16:9; Esther 2:12 Psalms 92:11; Psalms 104:15, not for mourner II Samuel 14:2; on head, token of happiness Ecclesiastes 9:8, of hospitality, דִּשַּׁנְתָּ בַּשּׁ׳ רֹאשִׁי Psalms 23:5 (figuratively), in sim. Psalms 133:2; Psalms 141:5.

for anointing king, פַּךְ הַשּׁ׳ I Samuel 10:1; II Kings 9:1, II Kings 9:3, compare v Psalms 45:6, c. קֶרֶן I Samuel 16:1, I Samuel 16:13; I Kings 1:39; compare בְּשׁ׳ קָדְשִׁי מְשַׁחְתִּיו Psalms 89:21.

in various figs., of joy שׁ׳ שָׂשׂוֹן Isaiah 61:3 Psalms 45:8; soft words Psalms 55:22 Proverbs 5:3; as penetrating Psalms 109:18; as clear, transparent Ezekiel 32:14.

used in primitive worship, poured on stone Genesis 28:18, Genesis 35:14.

in later ritual: for anointing priests, tabern., altar utensils, etc., made of various ingred., שׁ׳ זַיִת among them, Exodus 30:24, שׁ׳ הָמִּשְׁחָה Exodus 25:6 Leviticus 8:2, Leviticus 8:10, Leviticus 8:12 + 11 times; שׁ׳ מִשְׁחַת־קֹדֶשׁ Exodus 30:25^(×2) + 2 times; שׁ׳ מ׳ י׳ Leviticus 10:7, שׁ׳ מ׳ אֱלֹהָיו Leviticus 21:12; שׁ׳ הַקּ׳ Numbers 35:25; שׁ׳ alone Leviticus 14:10 + 12 times Leviticus 14; for lighting Exodus 25:6 + 6 times + שׁ׳ זַיִת זָךְ כָּתִית Exodus 27:20; Leviticus 24:2 (see כָּתִית); poured upon מִנְחָה Leviticus 2:1 + 5 times, compare Leviticus 5:11 Numbers 5:15; smeared (see מָשַׁח) upon wafers Exodus 29:2; Leviticus 2:4 +, and cakes (or mixed in the making? compare בָּלַל) Exodus 29:2; Leviticus 2:4, Leviticus 2:5 +, so סֹלֶת בַּשׁ׳ Leviticus 2:7, etc. (c. 45 times in all), חַלַּת לֶחֶם שׁ׳ Exodus 29:23; Leviticus 8:26.

for use in temple I Chronicles 9:29.

for תְּרוּמָה in Ezekiel’s temple Ezekiel 45:14^(×2) + 7 times Ezekiel 45, Ezekiel 46.

efficacy denied Micah 6:7. †k. offered to idols Isaiah 57:9; Ezekiel 16:18, Ezekiel 16:19; Ezekiel 23:41.—Vid. Macalister^{HastDB Oil} ARS Kennedy^{Ency. Bib. Oil}.

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שְׁמֹנֶה

(less often שְׁמוֹנֶה), שְׁמֹנָה₁₀₉ noun (masc.) et f. eight (on—ֶ compare Barth^{NB 20, 200} and (against him) Philippi^{BAS ii. 364}; Arabic ثَمَانٍ, ثَمَانِيَةٌ, Sab. תֿמני(ת) Hom^{Chr 47, 122} DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 369 f., 375}; Aramaic תְּמָנֵי, תְּמַנְיָא, ܬܡܳܢܶܐ, ܬܡܳܢܝܳܐ; Nab. תמונא, Palmyrene תמניא, Lidzbarski ³⁸⁶; Mishnaic Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Phoenician שמן; Ethiopic ሰመንቱ, ሰማኒቱ on Assyrian equiv. see Delitzsch's Assyrian Grammar § 75);—m. (c. noun (fem.)) always absolute שְׁמֹנֶה Judges 3:8; + 40 times; f. (c. noun (masc.)) absolute שְׁמֹנָה I Samuel 17:12 + 34 times, construct שְׁמֹנַת Numbers 2:24 + 3 times (cases of 8 + 10 = 18 are additional, see below); plural שְׁמֹנִים, 80, see below:—

without other num.:

שְׁמֹנֶה card., before n.plural Judges 3:8 I Kings 7:10 + 8 times; before n.singular שָׁנָה I Kings 8:17 (Kt; Qr plural), I Kings 22:1; after n.plural Ezekiel 40:31; ordin. בִּשְׁנַת שׁ׳ לְ II Kings 24:12, בִּשׁ׳ שָׁנִים לְ II Chronicles 34:3.

שְׁמֹנָה card., before n.plural I Samuel 17:12 + 3 times, + (n. om.) Jeremiah 14:15 + 2 times, also שׁ׳ אֵלֶּה Genesis 22:23 these 8, and, as round no., Micah 5:4 7 and 8 (that is plenty); after n.plural Numbers 29:29; II Chronicles 29:17; ordin., בְּיוֹם שׁ׳ לְ v II Chronicles 29:17.

f. construct שְׁמֹנַת יָמִים Genesis 17:12; Genesis 21:4, שׁ׳ הַבָּקָר Numbers 7:8.

8 + 10 = 18:

c. noun (fem.) שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה, card.: bef. singular שָׁנָה Judges 3:14 + 2 times, אַמָּה I Kings 7:15 + 2 times; after n.plural I Chronicles 26:9; II Chronicles 11:21; n. om. Ezra 8:18; Nehemiah 7:11; ordin., בִּשְׁנַת שׁ׳ ע׳ לְ I Kings 15:1 + 4 times; בִּשׁ׳ ע׳ שָׁנָה לְ II Kings 22:3 + 2 times; הַשָּׁנָה שׁ׳ ע׳ שָׁנָה לְ Jeremiah 32:1.

c. noun (masc.) שְׁמֹנָה עָשָׂר card.: bef. singular אֶלֶף Judges 20:44 + 4 times + Psalms 60:2 (title), so read for שְׁנֵים ע׳, compare II Samuel 8:13 = I Chronicles 18:12; before plural Ezra 8:9; n. om. Genesis 14:14; ordin., n. om. I Chronicles 24:15; I Chronicles 25:15; שְׁמֹנַת עָשָׂר אֶלֶף Judges 20:25.

c. other numerals:

שְׁמֹנֶה מֵאוֹת II Samuel 23:8 (so read also ‖ I Chronicles 11:11 Kittel Benz, compare Th Wellhausen Driver al.), + 16 times.

שְׁמֹנָה אֶלֶף I Chronicles 12:36 (v I Chronicles 12:35 van d. H.), I Chronicles 23:3; שְׁמֹנַת אֲלָפִים Numbers 2:24 + 3 times.

שׁ׳, card., after tens I Samuel 4:15 + 20 times; before ten, only שׁ׳ וְעֶשְׂרִים בָּאַמָּה Exodus 26:2; Exodus 36:9; ordin., בִּשְׁנַת שְׁלשִׁים וּשׁ׳ שָׁנָה לְ I Kings 16:29; II Kings 15:8.

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שְׁמֹנִים

n.pluralindecl. an eighty;—without other num.: followed by singular שָׁנָה Psalms 90:10 + 4 times, אִישׁ II Kings 10:24; Jeremiah 41:5; followed by n.plural II Chronicles 26:17; Ezra 8:8; Song of Songs 6:8; n. om. II Kings 6:25; I Chronicles 15:9; c. other num., card.: שׁ׳ אֶלֶף Numbers 2:9 + 6 times; שׁ׳ following units Genesis 5:25 + 4 times; precedes, Genesis 16:16 + 4 times; following 100, etc. I Chronicles 25:7 + 6 times; precedes, Genesis 5:26 + 2 times; ordin., בִּשׁ׳ שָׁנָה וְאַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה לְ I Kings 6:1.

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שָׁמַע

verb hear (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Phoenician שמע Lidzbarski³⁷⁸; Assyrian šemǔ; Arabic سَمِعَ; Sab. סמע, mostly in deriv., especially epith. div. סמע he who hears Hom^{Chr 124} Fell^{ZMG iiv (1900), 250, 252} DHM^{Hofmus. Noldeke. 10, l. 1}; Ethiopic ሰምዐ Aramaic שְׁמַע, ܫܡܰܥ, Old Aramaic שמע Lidzbarski ³⁷⁸; compare also משמעת MI ²⁸ obedience);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Genesis 24:52 +, שָׁמֵ֑עַ Jeremiah 36:13 + 3 times; 2nd feminine singular שָׁמַעַתְּ I Kings 1:11 + 2 times; 3rd plural שָׁמֵ֑עוּ Judges 2:17 + 12 times; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁמַע Exodus 6:30 +, 1st singular cohort. אֶשִׁמְעָה Numbers 9:8, וָאֶשְׁמֳעָה (on—ֳ compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 10 h; Olshausen's Hebrew Grammar § 65 c. qu. reading) Daniel 8:13; 2nd masculine plural תִּשְׁמְע֔וּן Deuteronomy 8:20 +, תִּשְׁמָע֔וּן Deuteronomy 1:17, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שְׁמַע Amos 7:16 +, שִׁמְעָה Job 32:10 + (especially ψψ), שְׁמָ֮עָה֮ Daniel 9:19; fpl. שְׁמַ֫עְנָה Isaiah 32:9; Jeremiah 9:19, שְׁמַ֫עַן Genesis 4:23 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 46 f), etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׁמוֹעַ Isaiah 6:9 +; construct שְׁמֹעַ I Samuel 15:22 +; with suffix שָׁמְעוֹ Deuteronomy 29:18 +, שָׁמְעָתוֹ Isaiah 30:19 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 45 d), etc.; participle (בינוני) שֹׁמֵעַ Genesis 42:23 +; f. שֹׁמַ֫עַת Genesis 18:10 +, etc.;—

subj. person hum. (vel rei personif.):

hear (perceive by ear), direct object rei, especially קוֹל Genesis 3:10 + 46 times, דבר(ים) Amos 8:11 + 50 times, etc.; direct object חָכְמָה that is wise sayings I Kings 5:14 + 4 times; any utterance or sound (c. 150 times) + (obj. om.) Deuteronomy 4:33 + 32 times + (cl. temp.) I Samuel 14:27 + 6 times; c. ב I Samuel 14:6, שׁ׳ בְּסוֹד י׳ Job 15:8; Job 26:14; Job 37:2; c. obj. cl., כִּי Exodus 4:31 + 52 times + Isaiah 39:1 (read כִּי שׁ׳ Septuagint Peshitta ‖ II Kings 20:12), אֶת־אֲשֶׁר Joshua 2:10; Joshua 5:1 (both R^D),—ֹֹמַה־ Judges 7:11 + 3 times; without connect. שׁ׳ אֹתָהּ עָשִׂיתִי †II Kings 19:25 = Isaiah 37:26; followed by orat. rect. †Isaiah 40:28; Zechariah 8:23.

direct object person + מְדַבֵּר hear one speaking Genesis 27:6, Jeremiah 26:7; Daniel 8:13, so בֹּכֶה Numbers 11:10, נִבָּא Jeremiah 20:1, מְקַלְלֶ֑ךָ Ecclesiastes 7:21; occas. person om., דֹּבְרִים Genesis 37:17, אֶת־מִדַּבֵּר Ezekiel 2:2; Ezekiel 43:6 (see דבר Hithp.); direct object person only Daniel 12:7.

c. לֵאמֹר only, hear say = hear it said, I Samuel 13:4; II Samuel 19:3; Deuteronomy 13:13; Joshua 22:11, I Kings 16:16; + עַל person concerning Genesis 41:15, Isaiah 37:9; אֶל person the same II Kings 19:9.

hear of, concerning: (1) direct object rei, אֵת (כָּל־)אֲשֶׁר Exodus 18:1; II Kings 19:11 + 5 times, דבר(ים) I Samuel 3:11 + 4 times, רָעָה Jeremiah 19:3 + 5 times, etc.; כַּאֲשֶׁר I Samuel 23:11 Psalms 48:9, כָּזֹאת Isaiah 66:8 hear of anything like this, כָּאֵלֶּה Jeremiah 18:13; direct object, etc., om. Judges 9:46 + 43 times; (2) less often direct object person Job 42:5, אֶל person Ezekiel 19:4, person om. Deuteronomy 9:2; c. ב person hear exultantly of their fate †Psalms 92:12 (probably imitated from ‖ הִבִּיט בְּ v a; see especially ראה 8 a (6)).

hear, absolute, = have power to hear, II Samuel 19:36 (c. בְּקוֹל), Isaiah 21:3; Isaiah 32:3; Proverbs 20:12; Zechariah 7:11; in sim. Psalms 38:15; c. neg. of idols Deuteronomy 4:28 Psalms 115:6; figuratively (spiritual power) Jeremiah 5:21; Deuteronomy 29:3; Ezekiel 12:2; Isaiah 42:20.—Proverbs 21:28 is probably corrupt, see Toy.

hear with attention, interest, listen to (sometimes ‖ הֶאֱזִין, הִקְשִׁיב), direct object דבר(ים) (54 times) Amos 4:1 +, especially דבר(י) י׳ Numbers 12:6 + 45 times; אִמְרָה Isaiah 28:23, קוֹל v Isaiah 28:23, זֹאת Micah 3:9, etc.; often absolute Judges 5:3 + 57 times, + (neg.) Psalms 38:14 pay no attention; absolute לֵב שֹׁמֵעַ I Kings 3:9, אִישׁ שֹׁמֵעַ Proverbs 21:28.

understand (language), שָׂפָה Genesis 11:7, Isaiah 33:19, לָשׁוֹן Deuteronomy 28:49, דְּבָרִים Ezekiel 3:6, מַה־יְּדַבֵּר Jeremiah 5:15, no direct object Genesis 42:23, II Kings 18:26 = Isaiah 36:11.

specif. of hearing a (judicial) case, דָּבָר Deuteronomy 1:17, compare v Deuteronomy 1:17; direct object om. בֵּין person v Deuteronomy 1:16, of י׳ Judges 11:10; c. מִשְׁפָּט I Kings 3:11; לִשׁ׳ הַטּוֹב וְהָרֵע II Samuel 14:17, וְשֹׁמֵע אֵין לְךָ II Samuel 15:3, compare Job 31:35.

with a direct object person in polite address, hear us (me)! Genesis 23:6, Genesis 23:8, Genesis 23:11, Genesis 23:13, Genesis 23:15 (all P), I Chronicles 28:2; II Chronicles 13:4; II Chronicles 15:2; II Chronicles 20:20.

listen, give heed (sometimes ‖ הִקְשִׁיב), absolute, Genesis 42:21 + 18 times, + (usually ‖ הִטָּה אֹזֶן), Jeremiah 7:13 + 14 times Je, + (opposite חָדַל) Ezekiel 2:5 + 3 times Ez; + שִׂים עַל־לֵב Malachi 2:2; hear + do Deuteronomy 5:21; II Kings 18:12, etc.; = consent, agree, Genesis 37:27, grant request Judges 11:17; c. ל person (mostly late) Judges 19:25; I Samuel 30:24; Job 15:17 + 16 times, לי׳ Hosea 9:17; Leviticus 26:14, Leviticus 26:18, Leviticus 26:21, Leviticus 26:27; לְדִבְרֵי י׳ I Samuel 15:1, לְעֵצָה Proverbs 12:15. k. c. אֶל person + listen to, yield to Genesis 49:2; Judges 2:17 + 69 times (אֶל־י׳ 15 times, especially Jeremiah 7:26 + 10 times Je), עַל person II Kings 20:13; אֶל־דִּבְרֵי etc., Deuteronomy 18:19; Jeremiah 29:19 + 14 times, עַל־דִּבְרֵי etc., II Kings 22:13 + 3 times; very rarely direct object rei I Samuel 24:10 (Gi v I Samuel 24:9). l. שׁ׳ לְקוֹל = the same, obey, Genesis 3:17 + 11 times + (לְקוֹל י׳) Judges 2:20; Exodus 15:26. m. very often, שׁ׳ בְּקוֹל = obey I Samuel 8:7 + 25 times, + שׁ׳ בְּקוֹל י׳ (י׳’s word, etc.) Deuteronomy 4:30; Jeremiah 3:13 + 65 times (Dt 18 times, Je 18 times). n. obey, with a direct object דבר(ים) Joshua 1:18 + 2 times + (ד׳ י׳) Jeremiah 11:3 + 5 times Je, I Kings 12:24 = II Chronicles 11:4, etc.; direct object person Exodus 6:12, II Chronicles 28:11. o. absolute be obedient (especially to י׳) Isaiah 1:19; Micah 5:14; Jeremiah 12:17 + 4 times Je + 7 times.

י׳ (God) subj.:

direct object קוֹל, דברים, etc., Genesis 21:17, II Kings 19:4^(×2), II Kings 19:16, usually with favour implied Numbers 20:16; Deuteronomy 33:7 +, so especially direct object תְּפִלָּה, תְּחִנָּה, etc., I Kings 8:45 Psalms 6:10 +.

obj. cl. כִּי Genesis 29:33.

no obj. (32 times) Isaiah 59:2; Jeremiah 22:21, usually hear and forgive, help, etc., I Kings 8:30, I Kings 8:32; Isaiah 30:19 +; hear and be angry Psalms 78:59, compare Psalms 55:20.

= be able to hear Isaiah 59:1 Psalms 94:9.

שׁ׳ בְּקוֹל = hear (and grant) Genesis 30:6 + 6 times.

hear and answer, c. אֶל of cry, etc., Genesis 21:17; Genesis 16:11 I Kings 8:28 + 8 times; c. אֶל person Deuteronomy 3:26 + 12 times.

c. לְ of utterance Jeremiah 18:19 Psalms 61:6; ל person Joshua 24:10.

hear, direct object person + מִתְנוֹדֵד Jeremiah 31:18; favourably, with a direct object person Micah 7:7 + 3 times, so, + ל concerning, Genesis 17:20; obj. om. II Kings 22:19 Psalms 22:25 + 3 times + Psalms 34:7, Psalms 34:18 (hear and deliver); c. cl. temp. Jeremiah 11:14.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִשְׁמַע Genesis 45:16 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשָּׁמַע Exodus 23:13 +, יִשָּׁמֵ֑עַ I Samuel 1:13, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct הִשָּׁמַע Esther 2:8; participle (בינוני) f. נִשְׁמַ֫עַת Jeremiah 51:46, etc.;—

be heard, of voice, sound, etc., I Samuel 1:13; I Kings 6:7; Job 26:14 (or 1st plural Qal future (עתיד)?); of a report, נִשׁ׳ … לֵאמֹר Genesis 45:16; subj. cl., כִּי, Nehemiah 6:1 (ל person), compare cl. וְהַיְהוּדִים חשְׁבִים Nehemiah 6:6; v Nehemiah 6:7 be reported, (לַמֶּלֶךְ) כַּדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה; be heard, לִפְנֵי אֱלֹהֶיךָ Daniel 10:12.

be heard of, כָּמֹהוּ Deuteronomy 4:32.

be regarded, obeyed, Ecclesiastes 9:17; in II Samuel 22:45 = Psalms 18:45 it is be obedient (לִי), si vera l. (read perhaps Qal, compare Nowack).

וַיִּשּׁ׳ בְּקוֹלָם II Chronicles 30:27 = (favourable) hearing was granted to their voice.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיְשַׁמַּע I Samuel 15:4 he caused the people (direct object) to hear (and respond, that is he assembled them), so I Samuel 23:8 (see Hiph. 1 d).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִשְׁמִיעַ I Kings 15:22 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix יַשְׁמִעֵנִי Deuteronomy 30:12, Deuteronomy 30:13; 2nd masculine singular juss. תַּשְׁמַע Judges 18:25, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. with suffix הַשְׁמִיעֵנִי Psalms 143:8; fs. with suffix הַשְׁמִיעִנִי Song of Songs 2:14; Song of Songs 8:13, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct לַשְׁמִעַ Psalms 26:7 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 53q); participle (בינוני) מַשְׁמִיעַ Jeremiah 4:15 +, etc.;—

of man:

cause to hear, direct object person + rei Deuteronomy 30:12, Deuteronomy 30:13; Song of Songs 2:14; Song of Songs 8:13 + 4 times; obj. rei om. (= make proclamation to) I Kings 15:22; obj. person om. Jeremiah 5:20 +; direct object שָׁלוֹם †Isaiah 52:7; Nahum 2:1 that is proclaim peace; אָוֶן †Jeremiah 4:15 (מִן location); הַשׁ׳ קוֹל utter a sound Joshua 6:10 (J; ‖ הֵרִיעַ), compare Judges 18:25 (קוֹלְךָ, + עִמָּנוּ), Isaiah 42:2; Isaiah 58:4; הִשׁ׳ קוֹל תְּהִלָּתוֹ †Psalms 66:8, בְּקוֹל תּוֹדָה †Psalms 26:7.

absolute as musical term, sound aloud, בִּמְצִלְתַּיִם לְהַשְׁמִיעַ I Chronicles 15:19 (perhaps to mark the time, Gratz Psalms 67 De: compare Psalms 16:5; also Psalms 150:5 בְּצִלְצְלֵי שָׁ֑מַע), מַשְׁמִיעִים I Chronicles 15:16, I Chronicles 15:28; I Chronicles 16:42, לְהַשׁ׳ קוֹל אֶחָד II Chronicles 5:13 that is probably in unison (Prince^{EB iii. 3241}), Nehemiah 12:42.

absolute make proclamation (often ‖ הִגִּיד), Amos 3:9; Amos 4:5; Isaiah 41:26; Jeremiah 4:5 + 6 times Je.

הַשְׁמִיעוּ, direct object person + אֶל location = summon Jeremiah 50:29, עַל location Jeremiah 51:27 (compare Pi.).

י׳ subj.:

cause to hear, direct object person et rei Deuteronomy 4:10, Deuteronomy 4:36 (מִן location), II Kings 7:6 + 4 times; direct object person om. Isaiah 30:30 + 3 times; direct object rei om. Isaiah 44:8; Isaiah 48:5.

= tell, direct object person + כָּזֹאת Judges 13:23; direct object person only, Isaiah 42:9; direct object rei only, Isaiah 48:3; Ezekiel 36:15 (אֵלַיִךְ).

absolute, make proclamation Isaiah 43:12; Isaiah 62:11 (אֶל location).

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שֶׁ֫מַע

n.[m.] sound;—הַלְלוּהוּ בְּצִלְצְלֵי שָׁ֑מַע Psalms 150:5 (‖ תְּרוּעָה).

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שֶׁ֫מַע²

n.pr.m. usually Σαμα(α), Σεμαα (compare Sab. n.pr. סמע Hal⁵⁰⁹);—

in Judah I Chronicles 2:44, שָׁ֑מַע v I Chronicles 2:43.

in Reuben I Chronicles 5:8.

in Benj. I Chronicles 8:13 (= שִׁמְעִי v I Chronicles 2:21).

post-ex. Nehemiah 8:4, Σαμαιας.

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שֵׁ֫מַע

n.[m.] hearing, report (on form compare Lagarde^{BN 143});—שׁ׳ absolute Isaiah 23:5; construct v Isaiah 23:5 +; with suffix שִׁמְעִי Isaiah 66:19, etc.;—report, usually c. genit. obj.: direct object with שָׁמַע Genesis 29:13 the tidings about Jacob, Isaiah 23:5 + (c. with suffix) Numbers 14:15, Deuteronomy 2:25; I Kings 10:1 = II Chronicles 9:1; Nahum 3:19; Habakkuk 3:2; Jeremiah 37:5; Jeremiah 50:43; Isaiah 66:19, c. ל genit. Isaiah 23:5; לַעֲדָתָם Hosea 7:12 usually according to the report (heard by) their congregation (!), but inexpl. and probably corrupt, Wellhausen Nowack; Marti (compare Oettli) עַל־רָעָתָם (כְּשֵׁמַע as gloss) according to their wickedness; נָשָׂא שׁ׳ שָׁוְא Exodus 23:1 take up (utter) a false report; לְשׁ׳ אֹזֶן Psalms 18:45 that is as soon as heard of, = mere report Job 42:5 (opposite personal knowledge), compare שִׁמְעָהּ Job 28:22.

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שְׁמַע

n.pr.location in S. Judah, Joshua 15:26, Σα(λ)μα(α).

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שָׁמָע

n.pr.m. a hero of David I Chronicles 11:44, Σαμαθα, Σαμμα (compare OSem. שמע on scarab ClGann^{JAs 1883 Fev.-Mars, 135, Noldeke. 9}; also on seal from Megiddo (1904), compare Kau^{Mitth. u. Nachr. DPV, 1904, 2 ff.}).

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שִׁמְעָא

n.pr.m.

brother of David II Samuel 21:21 Qr (compare Driver; Kt שמעי) Σεμεει, SeptuagintL Σαμαα, = I Chronicles 20:7, third son of Jesse I Chronicles 2:13; = שִׁמְעָה II Samuel 13:3, II Samuel 13:32, Σαμα(α), etc., שַׁמָּה (q.see) I Samuel 16:9; I Samuel 17:13.

son of David I Chronicles 3:5 (= שַׁמּוּעַ 1), Σαμαν, Σαμαα.

Levites, Σομεα, Σαμα(α):

I Chronicles 6:15.

v I Chronicles 6:24.

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שִׁמְעָה

n.pr.m. see שִׁמְעָא 1.

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שִׁמְעָת

n.pr.f. ^{II Chronicles 24:26} mother of one of Joash’s murderers, II Kings 12:22 (Ιεμουαθ), called Ammonitess II Chronicles 24:26 (Σαμα(αθ)).

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שִׁמְעָתִים

adjectivegent.plural as noun, family of scribes I Chronicles 2:55, Σαμαθ(ι)ειμ[ν].

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שְׁמוּעָה

noun (fem.) report;—absolute שׁ׳ I Samuel 4:19 +, שְׁמֻעָה I Samuel 2:24 +; construct שְׁמֻעַת II Samuel 4:4; with suffix שְׁמֻעָתֵ֫נוּ Isaiah 53:1; plural absolute שְׁמֻעוֹת Daniel 11:44;—

report, sometimes after שָׁמַע I Samuel 2:24; I Samuel 4:19 (= news), I Kings 10:7 = II Chronicles 9:6, II Kings 19:7 = Isaiah 37:7, Jeremiah 51:46; שׁ׳ רָעָה Jeremiah 49:23, compare Psalms 112:7, and שׁ׳ טוֹבָה Proverbs 15:30; Proverbs 25:25; tidings about Saul II Samuel 4:4; c. בָּאָה II Samuel 13:30 (+ לֵאמֹר), I Kings 2:28 Ezekiel 21:12 Jeremiah 10:22, compare Jeremiah 51:46 + (בָּאָה om.) v Jeremiah 51:46; תָּבוֹא שׁ׳ אֶל־שׁ׳ Ezekiel 7:26; שׁ׳ יְבַהֲלֻהוּ Daniel 11:44; שְׁמוּעָתֵנוּ Isaiah 53:1 the report that reached us, compare also Isaiah 28:9, Isaiah 28:19 Jeremiah 49:14 Obadiah 1:1 (De Duhm al. specif. of prophetic message, but see Gie ^{Beiträge 155 f.} Wellhausen Nowack Obadiah 1:1).

= mention, לֹא הֽיְתָה סְדֹם לִשׁ׳ בְּפִיךְ Ezekiel 16:56.

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שַׁמּוּעַ

n.pr.m.

son of David II Samuel 5:14 = I Chronicles 14:4, Σαμμους[ε], Σαμαα (= שִׁמְעָא 2).

Reubenite, Numbers 13:4, Σαμουηλ, Σαλαμιηλ, etc.

Levite, Nehemiah 11:17 (= שְׁמַעְיָה I Chronicles 9:16), Σαμουει, etc.; I Chronicles 12:18 (? same person), SeptuagintL Σαμουε.

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שִׁמְעוֹן

n.pr.m. (compare n.pr. שמעון in Palmyrene Lidzbarski ³⁷⁸; meaning doubtful; Robertson Smith al. cp. سِمْعٌ, said to mean offspring of hyena and wolf; see Hogg^{EB iv. 4531});—

second son of Jacob and Leah, Συμεων: Genesis 29:33 (name expl. from שָׁמַע), Genesis 35:23 Exodus 1:2 + 14 times (assoc. especially with Levi Genesis 34:25, Genesis 34:30; Genesis 49:5).

tribal name Judges 1:3^(×2), Judges 1:17 Numbers 1:6 +; so בְּנֵי שׁ׳ Numbers 1:22 + 7 times, מַטֵּה שׁ׳ Numbers 1:23; Numbers 2:12; Numbers 13:5; מַטֵּה בְנֵי שׁ׳ Numbers 10:19; Numbers 34:20 Joshua 19:1, Joshua 19:8; Joshua 21:9 I Chronicles 6:50.

post-ex.. Jew with foreign wife Ezra 10:31.

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שִׁמְעִי

I. שִׁמְעִי₄₃ n.pr.m. usually Σεμεει:

in Benj.:

II Samuel 16:5, II Samuel 16:7, II Samuel 16:13; II Samuel 19:17, II Samuel 19:19, II Samuel 19:22, II Samuel 19:24, I Kings 2:8 + 10 times I Kings 2.

I Kings 1:8, perhaps = I Kings 4:18.

a Ramathite I Chronicles 27:27.

Levites:

‘son’ of Gershon Exodus 6:17 Numbers 3:18 I Chronicles 6:2; I Chronicles 23:7, I Chronicles 23:9, I Chronicles 23:10^(×2).

II Chronicles 31:12, II Chronicles 31:13.

Ezra 10:23.

brother of Zerub. I Chronicles 3:19.

in Simeon I Chronicles 4:26, I Chronicles 4:27.

in Reuben I Chronicles 5:4.

I Chronicles 8:13 = (ii.) שֶׁמַע v I Chronicles 8:13.

post-ex. names:

Ezra 10:33.

v Ezra 10:38 (compare 3 g above).

grandfather of Mordecai Esther 2:5.

II Samuel 21:21 Kt (Qr שִׁמְעָא q.see 1).

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שִׁמְעִי²

adjectivegent. of 3 a;—c. art. as n.coll. הַשּׁ׳ Numbers 3:21; compare Zechariah 12:13.

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שֵׁ֫מֶץ

n.[m.] whisper;—שׁ׳ absolute Job 4:12; construct שׁ׳ דָּבָר Job 26:14 a (mere) whisper of a word, something wholly inadequate.

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שָׁמַר

verb keep, watch, preserve (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Phoenician שמר in n.pr. and (Pun.) = watchman; TelAm. šimiru is perhaps overseer (Canaanism), Winckler^{Noldeke. 80, 1, 23}; Mand. סמירא preserved Noldeke^{M 46}; compare Arabic سَمَرَ converse by night, stay awake (see Lagarde^{BN 105}); Barth^{NB 175 f.; ES 43} infers from ܬܶܡܪܳܐ eyelid (compare [שְׁמֻרָה] below), and Arabicثَمَلَ support, aid, protect (l = r), that two √ √ are combined in Hebrew; but proof insuff.);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Genesis 37:11 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁמֹר I Samuel 2:9 +, יִשְׁמָר־ Jeremiah 5:24 +, with suffix 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁמְרֶנּוּ Exodus 21:29, Exodus 21:36; 3rd feminine singular with suffix תִּשְׁמוּרֵ֑ם Proverbs 14:3 (read תִּשְׁמְרוּם, see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 47 g Toy), etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שְׁמֹר Job 2:6 +, שָׁמְרָה I Chronicles 29:18 +; mpl. שִׁמְרוּ Joshua 6:18 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׁמוֹר Deuteronomy 5:12 +; construct שְׁמֹר Genesis 3:24 +, with suffix שָׁמְרָהּ Genesis 2:15, etc.; participle (בינוני) active שֹׁמֵר I Samuel 1:12 +, etc.; passive שָׁמוּר Ecclesiastes 5:12 (I Samuel 9:24 see below), etc.;—[Synon. I. נָצַר, נָטַר, q.see]:

keep, have charge of, garden Genesis 2:15, ark I Samuel 7:1, property in trust Exodus 22:6, Exodus 22:9, compare I Samuel 25:31; tend flock Genesis 30:31, compare Zechariah 3:7 Numbers 3:8; so perhaps (obj. om.) Hosea 12:13 (where שׁ׳ chosen for parallelism Nowack Marti al.); participle (בינוני) הֲשֹׁמֵר אָחִי אָנֹ֑כִי Genesis 4:9, שׁ׳ of sheep I Samuel 17:20, שׁ׳ הַכֵּלִים v I Samuel 17:22, שׁ׳ הַבְּגָדִים II Kings 22:14 II Chronicles 34:22, שׁ׳ הַנָּשִׁים Esther 2:3, Esther 2:8, Esther 2:15, compare v Esther 2:14, etc.

keep, guard, captives Joshua 10:18, I Kings 20:39, דֶּרֶךְ Genesis 3:24; keep watch and ward, אֶל person over whom I Samuel 26:15 (Psalms 59:10 see 3 end), עַל person v Psalms 59:16 Proverbs 6:22; בַּנַּעַר II Samuel 18:12 have a care of (read לִי for מִי Septuagint), compare II Kings 9:14; in hostile sense, אֶל הָעִיר (in siege) II Samuel 11:16, עַל חַטָּאתִי Job 14:16 (but read תַּעֲבֹר c. Septuagint Ewald Dillmann Duhm al. [not Hitzig Budde]); absolute c. מֵעַל Ecclesiastes 5:7 watcheth above, etc. (see p. 759 a d); keep one’s mouth, be prudent of speech †Proverbs 21:23, compare Micah 7:5; keep = protect, save, one’s life, נֶפֶשׁ †Proverbs 13:3; Proverbs 16:17; Proverbs 19:16; Proverbs 22:5, another’s Job 2:6; in Pr, direct object person, subj. wisdom, Proverbs 4:6 she shall preserve thee, compare (+ מִן of evil) Proverbs 6:24; Proverbs 7:5; especially participle (בינוני) watch, watchman, of city Isaiah 21:11^(×2), Isaiah 21:12; Isaiah 62:5 (figuratively), Song of Songs 3:3; Song of Songs 5:7^(×2) Psalms 127:1; שׁ׳ הַסַּף (in temple) Jeremiah 35:4 + (see סַף), הַשּׁ׳ פֶּתַח בֵּית הַמֶּלֶךְ I Kings 14:27 = II Chronicles 12:10, שׁ׳ הַשְּׁעָרִים Nehemiah 13:22, שֹׁמְרֵי הַבַּיִת (figuratively) Ecclesiastes 12:3; שׁ׳ הַבַּיִת keep the house (of David’s concubines) †II Samuel 15:16; II Samuel 16:21; II Samuel 20:3; שֹׁמֵר הַכֵּלִים I Samuel 17:22, שׁ׳ הַבְּגָדִים II Kings 22:14, שׁ׳ הַפַּרְדֵּס Nehemiah 2:8, שׁ׳ הַנָּשִׁים Esther 2:3, Esther 2:14, Esther 2:15, שֹׁמְרִים absolute Judges 7:19 Jeremiah 51:12.

hence watch for, wait for, direct object person I Samuel 19:11 (to kill him), compare Psalms 59:1 (title; direct object הַבַּיִת); c. עֲקֵבַי Psalms 56:7 = dog my steps, Psalms 71:10 Jeremiah 20:10; = watch (suspiciously) Job 10:14; Job 13:27; Job 33:11; absolute הַשֹּׁמְרִים Judges 1:24; wait for, נֶשֶׁף Job 24:15, לַבֹּקֶר Psalms 130:6^(×2).

watch, observe, direct object rei I Samuel 1:12 Ecclesiastes 11:4 Job 39:1 Jeremiah 8:7 (of birds), with intelligence Isaiah 42:20 Psalms 107:43; direct object person Psalms 37:37 (‖ ראה), Zechariah 11:11; direct object of sin Psalms 31:7; Psalms 130:3; direct object rei, for the purpose of avoiding, Psalms 17:4.

keep, retain, of storing up (food) Genesis 41:35; absolute Ecclesiastes 3:6 (opposite הִשְׁלִיךְ); treasure up (in memory) Genesis 37:11, compare Malachi 2:7 I Chronicles 29:18 Proverbs 4:21 (בְּתוֹךְ לְבָבֶ֑ךָ), Proverbs 22:18 (בְּבִטְנֶ֑ךָ); retain wrath Amos 1:11 (read שָׁמַר לָנֶצַח Wellhausen Nowack GASm Marti; see also נָטַר 1) + (anger om.) Jeremiah 3:5 (‖ נטר).

keep within bounds, restrain, obj. שׁוֹר Exodus 21:29, Exodus 21:36; with a direct object hand, מִן of evil Isaiah 56:2; figuratively keep thy foot, c. cl. temp. Ecclesiastes 4:17; אֶשׁ׳־לְפִי מַחְסוֹם ψ (Psalms 39:2 Septuagint Duhm al. אָשִׂימָה); appar. reflex. (= Niph.), †Joshua 6:18 (+ מִן־הַחֵרֶם), poss. sc. נַפְשְׁכֶם Dillmann.

observe, celebrate, direct object of festival, etc., Exodus 23:15, Exodus 34:18, Exodus 12:17, of day v Exodus 12:17, of month Deuteronomy 16:1.

keep sabbath †Deuteronomy 5:12 Leviticus 19:3, Leviticus 19:30; Leviticus 26:2 (all H), Exodus 31:13, Exodus 31:14, Exodus 31:16, Isaiah 56:4, also (+ מֵחַלְּלוֹ) v Isaiah 56:2, Isaiah 56:6.

of other obligations: keep covenant Ezekiel 17:14, especially covenant of י׳ Deuteronomy 29:8; I Kings 11:11 + 5 times, שְׁבֻעַת י׳ I Kings 2:43, perform vow Deuteronomy 23:24; keep commands Jeremiah 35:18; Ezekiel 20:18; especially מִצְוֹת, חֻקִּים, עֲבֹדָה, etc., of י׳ (sometimes ‖ נצר), Exodus 20:6 = Deuteronomy 5:10; Amos 2:4; I Kings 2:3 Psalms 119:8, Psalms 119:17, Psalms 119:34 + very often (c. 120 times); שׁ׳ דֶּרֶךְ י׳ Genesis 18:19 + 4 times, דַּרְכֵי י׳ II Samuel 22:22 = Psalms 18:22, ד׳ י׳ om. Judges 2:22; שׁ׳ אָרְחוֹת צַדִּיקִים Proverbs 2:20 (‖ תֵּלֵךְ בְּדֶרֶךְ טוֹבִים), שׁ׳ דְּרָכַי (ways of wisdom) Proverbs 8:32 (Psalms 17:4 see 1 d); keep, discharge an office, כְּהֻנָּה Numbers 3:10; Numbers 18:7 (both P), absolute II Chronicles 5:11; a function or duty, especially שׁ׳ מִשְׁמֶרֶת Leviticus 8:35; Numbers 1:53 + c. 32 times (see מ׳ below); direct object of obligation often om., especially D (and R^D) keep and do Deuteronomy 4:6; Deuteronomy 7:12 + 8 times; to do Deuteronomy 5:1, Deuteronomy 5:26 + 16 times D + 3 times, etc.

observe = follow dictates of (prudence, justice, kindness, wisdom) Hosea 12:7 (חֶסֶד וּמִשְׁפָּט), Isaiah 56:1; Proverbs 4:4; Proverbs 5:2; Proverbs 7:1, Proverbs 7:2; bad sense, observe vanities Psalms 31:7.—Doubtful are: לִשְׁמֹר absolute Hosea 4:10, very strange (conjunction in Wellhausen Nowack Marti); שָׁמוּר I Samuel 9:24, HPS אֵחַרְנוּ, compare Nowack Budde^Comm.; Psalms 59:10 read עֻוִּי אֵלֶיךָ אֲוַמֵּ֑רָה (as v I Samuel 9:18, Peshitta Cheyne Bae).

sometimes י׳ subj.:

keep, preserve, protect, direct object person, + ב of way, etc., Genesis 28:15, Genesis 28:20, Exodus 23:20 (E; of מַלְאָךְ), Psalms 91:11 (מ׳), Joshua 24:17; direct object person (or נפשׁ) only: I Samuel 30:23; Jeremiah 31:9; Numbers 6:24, Job 29:2 Psalms 16:1 + 10 times ψψ; + מִן Psalms 121:7 + 2 times; direct object רַגְלַי I Samuel 2:9, compare Proverbs 3:26 (מִן); participle (בינוני) שֹׁמְרֶ֑ךָ Psalms 121:3, Psalms 121:5, compare v Psalms 121:4, etc.; direct object of city Psalms 127:1.

with a direct object בְּרִית, ל person Deuteronomy 7:12, + חֶסֶד v Deuteronomy 7:7 + 5 times, הַשּׁ׳ אֱמֶת לְעוֹלָם Psalms 146:6; הַשְּׁבֻעָה Deuteronomy 7:8, etc.; passive of covenant (י׳ agent) עֲרוּכָה בַכֹּל וּשְׁמֻרָה II Samuel 23:5 (legal terminology, Driver).

keep, reserve, weeks of harvest Jeremiah 5:24 (ל person).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִשְׁמַר II Samuel 20:10, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תִּשָּׁמֵר Judges 13:13; 2nd masculine plural תִּשָּׁמִ֑רוּ Exodus 23:13; imperative (ציווי) ms. הִשָּׁמֵר Isaiah 7:4 (לְךָ) הִשָּׁ֫מֶר Genesis 24:6 +; fs. הִשָּֽׁמְרִי Judges 13:4, etc.;—

be on one’s guard, c. בַּחֶרֶב II Samuel 20:10 by reason of the sword, that is against it; c. ב temp. I Samuel 19:2, שָׁם II Kings 6:10; take heed Exodus 23:13 Deuteronomy 2:4; c. מִן person Exodus 23:21, Jeremiah 9:3; מִן rei Judges 13:13; Deuteronomy 23:10; מִן inf. take care not to, etc. Genesis 31:29, II Kings 6:9; inf. without מִן Exodus 19:12, but read probably מֵעֲלוֹת; followed by פֶּן lest Genesis 24:6 + 11 times (especially Dt); c. (וְ)אַל juss. Exodus 10:28, Judges 13:4; Job 36:21, c. imperative (ציווי) coöread Isaiah 7:4.—Very often imperative (ציווי) (24 times), especially in phr. הִשָּׁמֶר־לְךָ (12 times), הִשָּׁמְרוּ לִכֶם (3 times); + לְנַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם Deuteronomy 4:15; Joshua 23:11 (R^D; + inf.); + בְּנַפ׳ Jeremiah 17:21 appar. ב pret. on peril of your life (compare ב III. 3 a), so perhaps also בְּרוּחֲכֶם Malachi 2:15, Malachi 2:16 (Wellhausen Nowack).

keep oneself, refrain, abstain, מֵאִשָּׁה I Samuel 21:5.

be kept, guarded, Hosea 12:14 (compare שׁ׳ of Jacob v Hosea 12:13); be preserved (by י׳) Psalms 37:28 (לִעוֹלָם), but read probably נִשְׁמָ֑דוּ (לְעוֹלָם) עַוָּלִים Hup-Ri (Nowack) Cheyne Bae Duhm Driver.

participle (בינוני) plural מְשַׁמְּרִים הַבְלֵי־שָׁוְא Jonah 2:9 those paying regard to false vanities (compare Qal Psalms 31:7).

future (עתיד) 1st singular וָאֶשְׁתַּמֵּר מֵעֲוֹנִי Psalms 18:24 I kept myself from, etc. = II Samuel 22:24 (verb cohort.); 3rd masculine singular וְיִשְׁתַּמֵּר חֻקּוֹת עָמְרִי Micah 6:16, but read וְתִשְׁמֹר thou keepest, observest, Wellhausen Nowack GASm.

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שֶׁ֫מֶר

n.pr.m. (proposes clan-name, compare Stade^{journal ZAW v (1885), 166f.}, compare Sab. שמר Os 13, but NAram شِمْر DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1885). 14} SabDenkm ³⁰);—Σεμ(μ)ηρ, etc.:

שׁ׳ orig. owner of hill where Sam. was built I Kings 16:24^(×2).

שָׁ֑מֶר:

Levite I Chronicles 6:31.

in Asher I Chronicles 7:34, A SeptuagintL Σωμηρ; = שֹׁמֵר v I Chronicles 6:32.

in Benj. I Chronicles 8:12 van d. H.; > שֶׁמֶד q.see

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שָׁמְרָה

noun (fem.) guard, watch;—שִׁיתָה י׳ שׁ׳ לְפִי Psalms 141:3 (‖ נִצְּרָה עַל־דַּל שְׂפָתָ֑י).

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שֹׁמֵר

n.pr.m.

father of one of Joash’s murderers II Kings 12:21, Σωμηρ, SeptuagintL Σεμμηρ (called שִׁמְרִית q.see, a Moabitess, ‖ II Chronicles 24:26).

Asherite I Chronicles 7:32, Σαμηρ, Σωμηρ; = שֶׁמֵר 2 b.

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שִׁמְרִי

n.pr.m. usually Σαμαρει, etc.:

in Simeon, I Chronicles 4:37.

father of a hero of David I Chronicles 11:45.

Levites:

I Chronicles 26:10.

II Chronicles 29:13, Ζαμβρει, Σαμβρι.

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שִׁמְרִית

n.pr.f. Moabitish mother of one of Joash’s murderers II Chronicles 24:26 (m. Σομαιωθ, A Σαμαριθ; f. SeptuagintL Σαμιραμωθ), ‖ שֹׁמֵר n.pr.m. II Kings 12:21.

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שֹׁמְרוֹן

n.pr.location capital of N. Isr. from Omri’s time (belonging to clan שֶׁמֶר, Stade^{journal ZAW v (1885), 165–175}; originally שַׁמְרוֹן or שַׁמְרַיִן; Assyrian Samerîna COT I Kings 16:24);—שׁ׳ I Kings 16:24 (name expl. as from שֶׁמֶר, orig. owner of site), v I Kings 16:28, I Kings 16:29, I Kings 16:32; I Kings 20:1, I Kings 20:10 +; שֹׁמְר֫וֹנָה I Kings 20:43; II Kings 6:19; II Kings 14:14; personified as woman Ezekiel 16:46, Ezekiel 16:51, Ezekiel 16:53, Ezekiel 16:55; Ezekiel 23:4, Ezekiel 23:33; king of N. Isarel is מֶלֶךְ שׁ׳ I Kings 21:2; II Kings 1:3; מ׳ יִשׂ׳ אֲשֶׁר בְּשׁ׳ I Kings 21:18, compare מָלַךְ עַל־יִשׂ׳ בְּשׁ׳ I Kings 22:52 + 9 times; thence name of territory, שְׂדֵה שׁ׳ Obadiah 1:19, עָרֵי שׁ׳ I Kings 13:32 (point of view of later editor), II Kings 17:24, II Kings 17:26; II Kings 23:19; הָרֵי שׁ׳ Amos 3:9; Jeremiah 31:5,—compare הַר־שׁ׳ Amos 4:1; Amos 6:1; I Kings 16:24; perhaps שׁ׳ alone Jeremiah 23:13; I Kings 18:2; II Kings 17:24, II Kings 17:28; II Chronicles 25:13; חֵיל שׁ׳ Nehemiah 3:34.—Septuagint usually Σαμαρεια, but I Kings 16:24 Σεμερω, Σαεμερων, Σομορων; = mod. Sebastieh; vid. GASm^{G. 346 ff.} Buhl ^{G 207 f.} Cowley^{Ency. Bib. s. see} Wilson^{Hast. DB s. see}.

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שִׁמְרוֹן

n.pr.location Canaanite city, with king: Joshua 11:1, in Zebulun Joshua 19:15, Συμοων, Σομερων, etc., = שׁ׳ מְראוֹן Kt (שׁ׳ מְרוֹן Qr) Joshua 12:20.

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שִׁמְרוֹן²

n.pr.m. son of Issachar, Genesis 46:13; Numbers 26:24; I Chronicles 7:1; Ζαμβραμ, Σαμβρα, Σεμερων, etc.

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שֶׁ֫מֶר²

noun (masc.) ^{Isaiah 25:6} only plural lees, dregs (figuratively);—absolute שְׁמָרִים Isaiah 25:6^(×2) (in both = wine matured by resting undisturbed on the lees); with suffix שֹׁקֵט הוּא אֶל־שְׁמָרָיו Jeremiah 48:11 (of Moab’s undisturbed life), compare (of careless men) הַקֹּפְאִים עַל־ שִׁמְרֵיהֶם Zephaniah 1:12; שְׁמָרֶיהָ Psalms 75:9 (of י׳’s cup of judgment).

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שָׁמִיר

noun (masc.) Ezekiel 3:9 thorn(s), adamant, flint;—absolute שׁ׳ Isaiah 5:6 +; with suffix שְׁמִירוֹ Isaiah 10:17;—

coll. thorns, thorn-bushes, token of waste-land, only Is, + שַׁיִת Isaiah 5:6; Isaiah 7:23, Isaiah 7:24, Isaiah 7:25; Isaiah 27:4; figuratively Isaiah 9:17; Isaiah 10:17; קוֹץ שׁ׳ Isaiah 32:13.

adamant, as sharp, כְּתוּבָה … בְּצִפֹּרֶן שׁ׳ Jeremiah 17:1 (‖ בְּעֵט בַּרְזֶל); as hard, figuratively of prophet’s firmness Ezekiel 3:9; Zechariah 7:12 figuratively of hard heart.

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שָׁמִיר²

n.pr.location

in הַר אֶפְרַיִם Judges 10:1, Judges 10:2, Σαμειρ; A SeptuagintL Σαμαρεια.

in (יְהוּדָה) הַר Joshua 15:48, Σαμειρ; A SeptuagintL Σαφειρ.

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שָׁמִיר³

n.pr.m. Levite, I Chronicles 24:24 Qr, Σαμηρ, Σεμμηρ (Kt שמור).

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שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ

noun (fem.) Judges 19, Judges 14 et m. Genesis 19, Genesis 23 (Albr ^{journal ZAW xv (1895), 324}) sun;—absolute שׁ׳ Joshua 10:12 +, שָׁ֑מֶשׁ Judges 20:43 +; with suffix שִׁמְשֵׁךְ Isaiah 60:20, שִׁמְשָׁהּ Jeremiah 15:9; plural with suffix שִׁמְשֹׁתַ֫יִךְ Isaiah 54:12;—

sun, Genesis 37:9 (E; + moon, stars); marking time: as rising (verb זָרַח q.see) Exodus 22:2 + 8 times + Malachi 3:20 (figuratively שׁ׳ צְדָקָה, of reward of the faithful, with wings, that is rays? Nowack GASm; or winged sun-disc [compare Wellhausen]?); verb יָצָא Genesis 19:23, Isaiah 13:10; Judges 5:31 (sim. of splendour; v יָצָא 1st feminine); setting (verb בּוֹא) Genesis 15:17, Amos 8:9 + 19 times, + וַיְהִי הַשּׁ׳ לָבוֹא Genesis 15:12, שׁ׳ יָדַע מְבוֹאוֹ Psalms 104:19 (see בּוֹא 1 i, מָבוֹא 2); as giving daylight Isaiah 60:9; hot I Samuel 11:9; Nehemiah 7:3; Exodus 16:21, compare Isaiah 49:10; Jonah 4:8 Psalms 121:6; as ripening crops Deuteronomy 33:14 (poem), compare (figuratively) Job 8:16, tanning the face Song of Songs 1:6; standing still at Joshua’s word Joshua 10:12, Joshua 10:13 (poem in J; ‖ יָרֵחַ), v Joshua 10:13, compare Habakkuk 3:11 (+ יָרֵחַ); casting shadow (on dial), יָֽרְדָה בְמַעֲלוֹת אָחָז בַּשּׁ׳ Isaiah 38:8, וַתָּשָׁב הַשּׁ׳ v Isaiah 38:8; set in sky by י׳ Jeremiah 31:25 Psalms 19:5; Psalms 74:16; Psalms 136:8, enduring Psalms 72:5, Psalms 72:17 (compare עִם 1 g, p. 768; [פָּנֶה] II. 4 a (e), p. 817), also Psalms 89:37; personif., called to praise י׳ Psalms 148:3 (+ יָרֵחַ); to be darkened by י׳’s judgment, Ezekiel 32:7; Joel 2:10; Joel 3:4; Joel 4:15 (compare Amos 8:9 above, Micah 3:6).

of direction: מִמִּזְרַח הַשּׁ׳ Numbers 21:11 toward sun-rise, = East, compare Deuteronomy 4:41, Deuteronomy 4:47 + 16 times (see מִזְרָח p. 280); מְבוֹא הַשּׁ׳ Deuteronomy 11:30 + 3 times (see מָבוֹא 2, p. 99).

obj. of worship (usually + moon, stars, etc.) II Kings 23:5; Jeremiah 8:2; Ezekiel 8:16; Deuteronomy 4:19; horses given to שׁ׳ II Kings 23:11, מַרְכְּבוֹת הַשּׁ׳ v II Kings 23:11.—Vid. also בֵּית שׁ׳ p. 112b.

other phr.:

נֶגֶד הַשּׁ׳, that is openly, publicly, II Samuel 12:12; Numbers 25:4, so לְעֵינֵי הַשּׁ׳ II Samuel 12:11.

figuratively of living, חָזָה שׁ׳ Psalms 58:9, רָאָה שׁ׳ Exodus 6:5; Exodus 7:11; Exodus 11:7, opposite תֶּחְשַׁךְ הַשּׁ׳ Exodus 12:2.

תַּחַת הַשּׁ׳, that is on the earth, Ecclesiastes 1:3 + 28 times Ec (compare Gk. ὑφʼ ἡλίῳ, Kue^{Ond. iii. 196; Eini. iii.192}).

pinnacle, as glittering, shining, plural Isaiah 54:12 thy pinnacles, battlements (of Zion), so perhaps singular שׁ׳ וּמָגֵן י׳ אֱלֹהִים Psalms 84:12 battlement and shield is י׳ א׳ (Gratz Bae Duhm Buhl; most sun, and so Gesenius' Thesaurus De Cheyne Siegfried-Stade; Hup-Nowack hesitates).

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שִׁמְשׁוֹן

n.pr.m. Samson (Assyrian n.pr. Šamšânu, Hilpr^{Murâshu 27, 70}; on שמש in Arabic n.pr. trib. compare Noldeke^{ZMG xi (1886), 166});—Σαμψων: Judges 13:24; Judges 14:1, Judges 14:3 + 35 times Judges 14, Judges 15, Judges 16.

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שָׁן

see בֵּית שְׁאָן.

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שֵׁן

see שׁנן.

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שֵׁנָא

see שֵׁנָה √ יָשֵׁן.

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שִׁנְאָב

n.pr.m. king of Admah Genesis 14:2, Σεννααρ (see שִׁנְעָר v Genesis 14:1, Septuagint the same).

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שִׁנְאָן

see sub III. שׁנה.

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שָׁנָה

verb change (Mishnaic Hebrew Pi, etc.; Ecclus Ben Sira 42:24, etc.; Assyrian šanû, change, Aramaic שְׁנָא, Nab. Ethpa. Lidzbarski³⁷⁹; Syriac ܫܢܳܐ, especially mentally = grow insane; compare (probably) Mishnaic Hebrew שָׁנָה year, = Phoenician שנת, שת; MI 2, 8 שת; Assyrian šattu (compare Muss-Arnolt^{JBL xi (1892), 73 n.}); Arabic سَنَةٌ; Aramaic שְׁנַא, שַׁתָּא, ܫܢܳܐ, ܫܰܢ݈ܬܳܐ; Old Aramaic, Nab., Palmyrene שנתא, שנת, שת, שנן Lidzbarski^{379 f.}; on year from changing seasons, see Philippi^{ZMG xxxii (1878), 79 f.} Barth^{ZMG xli (1887), 612, 621, 636} (especially against DHM ^{VIme Orient. Congr. ii. 1, 452} who proposes bilit. √), compare Gesenius' Thesaurus; a daring suggestion by Jen^{ZA vii (1892), 177});—

past (עבר) 1st singular לֹא שָׁנִיתִי Malachi 3:6 I am י׳, I do not change; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁנֶא (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 77 rr) Lamentations 4:1 how is the fine gold changed (si vera l.; Löhr^Nowack יִשָּׁנֵא; gloss on יוּעַם Budde Löhr); infinitive (מקור) construct שְׁנוֹת יְמִין עֶלְיוֹן Psalms 77:11 the right hand of the Highest is changed (Peshitta Vulgate Targum Aq Sym Theod Hup-Nowack RVm Bae Duhm Wellhausen Buhl; AV RV Ewald De Cheyne al. years, usually ins. I will remember); participle (בינוני) שׁוֹנִים Esther 1:7 differing, different, c. מִן, compare Esther 3:8 (so Ecclus Ben Sira 42:24); Proverbs 24:21 those who change (but doubtful, see Toy).

transit., change, alter: past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שִׁנָּה Jeremiah 52:33 with a direct object garments, = שִׁנָּא (Gesenius^l.c.) II Kings 25:29; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יְשַׁנֶּה דִּין Proverbs 31:5 lest he pervert the judgment; וַיְשַׁנּוֹ I Samuel 21:14 (read וַיְשַׁן Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 75bb, וַיְשַׁנֶּה Wellhausen Driver (and reff.), compare Budde HPS Nowack), with a direct object טַעְמוֹ (v טַעַם, and Assyrian šanê ṭêmi, madness); וַיְשַׁנֶּהָ Esther 2:9, that is changed her place לְטוֹב בֵּית הַנָּשִׁים; 1st singular Psalms 89:35 the utterance of my lips I will not change (‖ לֹא אֲחַלֵּל בְּרִיתִי); infinitive (מקור) construct לְשַׁנּוֹת אֶת־דַּרְכֵּךְ Jeremiah 2:36 that is change thy political course; בְּשַׁנּוֹתוֹ אֶת־טַעְמוֹ Psalms 34:1 (title; compare I Samuel 21:14 above); participle (בינוני) מְשַׁנֶּה פָנָיו Job 14:20 altering his face, that is in death (subj. God).

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וְעֹז פָּנָיו יְשֻׁנֶּא (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 75rr) Ecclesiastes 8:1, usually is changed, mollified, Siegf יִשָּׂנֵא is hated (on עֹז פ׳ see עֹז 4, √ עזז).

past (עבר) 2nd feminine singular consec. קוּמִי נָא וְהִשְׁתַּנִּית I Kings 14:2 arise, pray, and disguise thyself.

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שָׁנָה²

noun (fem.) (on appar. except see Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 46}), year (etym. see √);—absolute שׁ׳ Amos 2:10 +; construct שְׁנַת Genesis 41:50 +; with suffix שְׁנָתוֹ Ezekiel 46:13 +, שְׁנָתָהּ Leviticus 14:10 + 2 times; dual שְׁנָתַיִם Amos 1:1 +, -תָ֑יִם I Kings 15:25 +; plural שָׁנִים Exodus 21:2 +, construct שְׁנֵי Genesis 23:1 + 24 times, שְׁנוֹת Deuteronomy 32:7 + 8 times (poet. and late); with suffix שָׁנָיו Leviticus 25:52 + 4 times with suffix; שְׁנוֹתַי Isaiah 38:15 Psalms 31:11, שְׁנוֹתָם Psalms 78:33 + 8 times with suffix;—year, as division of time, Exodus 23:14, Exodus 23:17 3 times בַּשָּׁנָה +, etc.; רֵשִׁית הַשּׁ׳ Deuteronomy 11:12, opposite אַחֲרִית הַשּׁ׳ v Deuteronomy 11:12, צֵאת הַשּׁ׳ Exodus 23:16, תְּקוּפַת הַשּׁ׳ Exodus 34:22 II Chronicles 24:23, תְּשׁוּבַת הַשּׁ׳ II Samuel 11:1 +, etc.; בָּא שָׁנָה II Kings 13:20, read כְּבֹא שׁ׳ Septuagint Bur, בארץ שׁ׳ בְשׁ׳ Kittel, compare שׁ׳ בְשׁ׳ = year by year I Samuel 1:7 +; בַּשָּׁנָה Benz, compare Nehemiah 10:33; so שׁ׳ שׁ׳ Deuteronomy 14:22, שׁ׳ אַחֲרֵי שׁ׳ II Samuel 21:1, בְּכָל־שׁ׳ וְשׁ׳ Esther 9:21, Esther 9:27; especially of duration of life; (יְמֵי) שְׁנֵי חַיֵּי פ׳ Genesis 23:1; Genesis 25:7 +; שְׁנֵיהֶם Job 36:11 +, שְׁנוֹתַי Psalms 31:11 (‖ חַיַּי), etc.; of God Job 10:5 Psalms 102:25, Psalms 102:28; in phr. of age, see בֵּן 9, בַּת 9; indef. שָׁנִים Ezekiel 38:17 = for years, לְקֵץ שׁ׳ Daniel 11:6; זֶה־יָמִים אוֹ זֶה שָׁנִים I Samuel 29:3; specif. בִּשְׁנַת מוֹת הַמֶּלֶךְ Isaiah 6:1; Isaiah 14:28, בִּשְׁנַת בֹּא תַּרְתָּן Isaiah 20:1, שְׁנַת הַשְּׁמִטָה Deuteronomy 15:9; Deuteronomy 31:10, שְׁנַת הַיּוֹבֵל Leviticus 25:13 +, etc.; שְׁנֵי שָׂכִיר Isaiah 16:14; Isaiah 21:16 (see שָׂכִיר); שְׁנַת פְּקֻדָּתָם Jeremiah 11:23 + 2 times; שׁ׳ רָצוֹן לְי׳ Isaiah 61:2, etc.; שְׁנוֹת דֹּר־וָדֹר Deuteronomy 32:7, compare Joel 2:2; most often c. num. card.: plural after units, appos., Exodus 21:2 +, so also שְׁתַּיִם שָׁנִים II Samuel 2:10 +, but dual שְׁנָתַיִם Amos 1:1 + 4 times, שְׁנָתַיִם יָמִים Genesis 41:1 + 4 times; very rarely c. num. (certainly) construct שְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים I Samuel 13:1 (corrupt), שְׁלשׁ שׁ׳ Leviticus 25:21; Leviticus 25:8 + שָׁנָה †II Kings 22:1; before unit (rare, late) II Chronicles 11:17^(×2); Daniel 1:5; singular after Daniel 1:11-19, tens, and hundreds Genesis 5:3, Genesis 5:9; Genesis 14:4 + often; so 90 + 9 years Genesis 17:24 +, rarely 30 + 3 years I Kings 2:11, etc.; but אֶלֶפ שָׁנִים Psalms 90:4 1000 years, so (+ פַּעֲמַיִם) Ecclesiastes 6:6 1000 years twice over; with cp. num. often repeated, 900 year + 30 year Genesis 5:5, etc.; 100 year + 70 year + 5 years Genesis 25:7, etc.; c. num. card. = ord., בִּשְׁנַת אַרְבַּע לְ I Kings 22:41 in the fourth year of, etc., also בִּשְׁנַת חֲמִשִּׁים שָׁנָה לְ II Kings 15:23, etc.; but בְּאַרְבַּע עֶשְׂרֵה שׁ׳ לְ II Kings 18:13, etc. (often), and בַּשָּׁנָה הָאַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה I Kings 6:38, etc.; also (c. units), בַּשָּׁנָה הָֽרְבִיעִת Leviticus 19:24 +, etc., + לְ II Kings 17:6 the ninth year of, etc.; and even (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 134 p) בִּשְׁנַת הַתְּשִׁיעִית לְ II Kings 25:1, compare Ezra 7:8; Jeremiah 46:2; Jeremiah 51:59 + (Kt) Jeremiah 28:1; Jeremiah 32:1 (Qr בַּשָּׁנָה).

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שָׁנִי

n.[m.] scarlet (proposes coccus ilicis, which attaches itself to leaves and twigs of quercus coccifera; the dried body of female yields coloring matter; compare Tristr^{NHB 319} Post^{HastDB scarlet} M’Lean^{Ency. Bib. the same});—usually שׁ׳: תִּקְוַת חוּט הַשּׁ׳ הַזֶּה Joshua 2:18 this cord of thread of scarlet, ת׳ הַשּׁ׳ v Joshua 2:21, חוּט הַשּׁ׳ Song of Songs 4:3 (sim. of lips); so (הַ)שּׁ׳ alone Genesis 38:28, Genesis 38:30, and as material of clothing II Samuel 1:24; Jeremiah 4:30; Proverbs 31:21 (plural שָׁנִים; on order of ll. see Toy); plural also in sim. Isaiah 1:18 if your sins are like scarlet (robes); elsewhere תּוֹלַעַת (הַ)שּׁ׳ (see ת׳) of material for curtain, veil, ephod, etc., Exodus 25:4; Exodus 26:1 + 24 times Ex; בֶּגֶד ת׳ שׁ׳ Numbers 4:8 (see ii. ב׳ 2); construct שְׁנִי (הַ)תּ׳ used in purif., †Leviticus 14:4, Leviticus 14:6, Leviticus 14:49, Leviticus 14:51, Leviticus 14:52; Numbers 19:6.

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שָׁנָה³

verb repeat, do again (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Ecclus Ben Sira 42:1; Arabic ثَنَى bend, fold, double; Aramaic תְּנָא repeat, also teach, ܬܢܳܐ; Assyrian šanû, especially Pi. repeat, relate, compare Scheil^{ZA v (1890), 409} (Delitzsch thinks denom.); on שׁ׳ as √ of שְׁנַיִם two, see Philippi^{ZMG xxxii (1878), 77} Barth^{ib. xii (1887), 603});—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ II Samuel 20:10; future (עתיד) 1st singular אֶשְׁנֶה I Samuel 26:8, etc.; imperative (ציווי) mpl. שְׁנוּ I Kings 18:34; participle (בינוני) שֹׁנֶה Proverbs 17:9; Proverbs 26:11;—do again: וַיַּכֵּהוּ … וְלֹא שׁ׳ לוֹ II Samuel 20:10, compare I Samuel 26:8; absolute I Kings 18:34^(×2) Nehemiah 13:21; = speak again Job 29:22 + Job 40:5 according to many moderns (אשׁנה for Masoretic Text אענה); שׁ׳ בְּדָבָר Proverbs 17:9 repeat with a thing, keep talking about it (שנות דבר Ecclus Ben Sira 42:1); Ben Sira 26:11 a dullard repeats with (ב) his folly, does it over agian (learns nothing by experience).

infinitive (מקור) construct וְעַל הִשָּׁנוֹת הַחֲלוֹם אֶל־פַּרְעֹה פַּעֲמָ֑יִם Genesis 41:32 concerning the dream’s being repeated, etc.

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שְׁנַ֫יִם

(Philipi^{ZMG xlix (1895), 202} Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 97b note)₇₆₈ noun (masc.) et f.dual two (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Phoenician אשנם (and שני second), Pun. שנם Lidzbarski³⁸⁰; Arabic اِثنَانِ; Sab. תֿני Hom^{Chr 47}, Aramaic תְּרֵין, ܬܪܶܝܢ (תִּנְיָנָא, ܬܶܢܝܳܢܳܐ second); Nab. תרין, Palmyrene f. תרתן, תרתיא, Lidzbarski³⁸⁸; Assyrian šinâ; on etym see √, and especially Philippi^{ZMG xxxii (1878), 21–98});—m. (c. noun (masc.)) שְׁנַיִם Amos 3:3 +; construct שְׁנֵי Isaiah 7:16 +, with suffix שְׁנֵיהֶם Genesis 2:25 +, etc.; f. (c. noun (fem.)) שְׁתַּיִם Amos 4:8 +; construct שְׁתֵּי Genesis 4:19, וּשְׁתֵּי Isaiah 7:21 +, etc., מִשְּׁתֵֿי Judges 16:28 (see GFM); sfs. see below (2 + 10 = 12, see below); Hex chiefly P:—two:

no other num.:

usually construct before n.plural (צְמִידִים) שְׁנֵי Genesis 24:22 + 194 times + II Samuel 23:20 ‖ I Chronicles 11:22 (ins. בְּנֵי Septuagint Th mod., otherwise Robertson Smith^{Sem. i. 469, 2nd ed., 488}); (נָשִׁים) שְׁתֵּי Genesis 4:19 + 132 times, I Samuel 10:4 ins. כִּכְּרוֹת Klostermann HPS Budde Nowack; Leviticus 16:21 read dual יָדָיו Qr, + Judges 16:28 (see above) + שְׁתֵּי־אֵלֶּה Isaiah 47:9 both these thing; before n.singular, שְׁנֵי Exodus 16:22 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 134e); with suffix שְׁנֵיהֶם the two of them Genesis 2:25 + 62 times, + Proverbs 24:22 (> their years Peshitta Targum De al.; probably crpt., see Toy), שְׁנֵינוּ Genesis 31:37 + 2 times, שְׁנֵיכֶם †Genesis 27:45; שְׁתֵּיהֶם (msf.! Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 135 o) †Ruth 1:19; Ruth 4:11, יהֶן—ֵ †I Samuel 25:43; Ezekiel 23:13.

absolute (1) שְׁנַ֫יִם (90 times), before n.plural Judges 11:37 + 26 times; after n.plural II Samuel 1:1; Exodus 29:1 + 21 times (usually P Chr), n.singular (coll.) Genesis 46:27 Numbers 7:17 + 11 times Numbers 17; n. om. Genesis 7:2; Genesis 44:27 + 26 times; שׁ׳ שׁ׳ distrib. Genesis 7:9 +; לִשׁ׳ cut in two †II Kings 3:25; Jeremiah 34:18; = double amount †Exodus 22:3, Exodus 22:6, Exodus 22:8; פִּי שׁ׳ †Deuteronomy 21:17 two-thirds, + בְּרוּחֲךָ †II Kings 2:9 in (of) thy spirit, + בָּהּ †Zechariah 13:8; (Zechariah 13:2) שְׁתַּ֫יִם (55 times), bef. n.plural; I Kings 3:16 + 16 times; after n.plural (usually P and late) II Chronicles 24:3 + 9 times; n. om., = two things †Isaiah 51:19 Job 13:20 Proverbs 30:7; שְׁתַּיִם = twice †II Kings 6:10 Job 40:5 Psalms 62:12 (or as Proverbs 30:7), בִּשׁ׳ Job 33:14 either so, or in two ways RVm (see De); as ordin. בִּשְׁנַת שְׁתַּיִם לְ I Kings 15:25 + 9 times, etc.; (3) as round number, שְׁנַיִם עֵצִים I Kings 17:12 a few sticks (Germ. ‘ein paar’), compare II Kings 9:32 Isaiah 17:6; שְׁתַּיִם שָׁלשׁ Amos 4:8, פַּעַם וּשְׁתָּ֑יִם Nehemiah 13:20, compare Jeremiah 3:14 אֶחָד מֵעִיר וּשְׁנַיִם מִמִּשְׁפָחָה = a small no.; Ezra 10:13 not for one or two days (but for many), II Kings 6:10.

twelve: c. noun (masc.) שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר Genesis 42:13 + 87 times, לִשְׁנֵי עָשָׂר Exodus 28:21 + 4 times; c. noun (fem.) שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה Exodus 24:4 + 34 times, שְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרֵה †Ezekiel 32:1, Ezekiel 32:17; Ezekiel 33:21; before n.plural Genesis 17:20; Exodus 15:27 +; after n.plural Numbers 7:84^(×2) +; before n.singular Exodus 28:21 +, Genesis 14:4 (Genesis 14:12 year) +, etc.; as ord., בְּיוֹם שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר יוֹם Numbers 7:78, בִּשְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה Ezekiel 32:1 +, etc.

with large num.: 10 (etc.) + 2, II Samuel 8:5; Judges 10:3 + 56 times; 2 + 10 (etc.) Numbers 1:35, II Chronicles 22:2 + 18 times (Konig^{ii. 1, 215 ff.} Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 97 f.); 200 + 2 + 30, I Kings 20:15; 50 + 2 as ord. II Kings 15:27 + 2 times; compare 2 + 20, I Chronicles 24:17.

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שֵׁנִי

m. שֵׁנִית f.₁₅₇ adjectivenum.ord. second;—בַּיּוֹם הַשֵּׁנִי Exodus 2:13 +, etc. (שֵׁנִי 82 times + Nehemiah 3:30, read שֵׁנִית; read וְהַשֵּׁנִי also I Chronicles 6:13 for ושני); בַּשָּׁנָה הַשֵּׁנִית Genesis 47:18 +, etc. (שֵׁנִית 72 times + Nehemiah 3:30 see above), שִׁבְעַת יָמִים שׁ׳ Leviticus 13:5, Leviticus 13:33, Leviticus 13:54 a second heptad of days; שֵׁנִית = a second time Genesis 22:15 + 16 times + (= again, of similar—not identical—act, or another point in a series) Ezekiel 4:6; Malachi 2:13, וְהַשֵּׁנִית II Samuel 16:19; †mpl. שְׁנִיִּם Numbers 2:16 they shall set out as second, but Genesis 6:16 second stories (in ark).

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שִׁנְאָן²

n.[m.] repetition (?);—אַלְפֵי שִׁנְאָ֑ן Psalms 68:18 thousands of repetition, that is thousands twice-told, Cheyne; redoubled, Driver, that is thousands on thousands (Duhm, reading אֶלֶף as שִׁנָּא c. with suffix removed them, treating שׁנאן אדני מסיני בק׳ as gloss).

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שֵׁנָה²

see √ יָשֵׁן.

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שֶׁנְהַבִּים

see √ שׁנן.

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שֵׁן²

noun (fem.) I Samuel 2:13 (yet m. I Samuel 14:5 compare Driver) tooth, ivory;—שׁ׳ absolute Exodus 21:24 +, construct v Exodus 21:27 +, שֶׁן־ Deuteronomy 32:24; with suffix שִׁנּוֹ Exodus 21:27; dual שִׁנַּיִם Proverbs 10:26, construct שִׁנֵּי Jeremiah 31:29 +; with suffix שִׁנֵּיהֶם Psalms 124:6, שִׁנֵּימוֹ Psalms 58:7, etc.;—

tooth:

of man, Exodus 21:27^(×3), Numbers 11:33, Genesis 49:12 (poem in J), Amos 4:6; Song of Songs 4:2; Song of Songs 6:6, שׁ׳ רֹעָה Proverbs 25:19, see II. רעע 2; of lex talionis, שׁ׳ תַּחַת שׁ׳ Exodus 21:24, Leviticus 24:20, שֵׁן בְּשׁ׳ Deuteronomy 19:21; irritated by acid Proverbs 10:26, dulled by it (in proverb of inherited guilt) Jeremiah 31:29, Jeremiah 31:30; Ezekiel 18:2; חָרַק שׁ׳ Lamentations 2:16; Job 16:9 Psalms 35:16; Psalms 112:10, see חָרַק; אֶשָּׂא בְשָׂרִי בְשִׁנָּ֑י Job 13:14 = risk my life (del. עַל־מָה, dittogr.; ‖ נַפְשִׁי אָשִׂים בְּכַפִּי); בְּעוֹר שִׁנָּ֑י Job 19:20, see מָלַט Hithp. (other conjunction see Dillmann Bi Budde Duhm).

of beasts: Deuteronomy 32:24, crocodile Job 41:6, locusts Joel 1:6 (teeth of lions); especially figuratively of false prophets Micah 3:5, of foes Zechariah 9:7, oppressors Job 29:17, wicked Job 4:10 Psalms 3:8; Psalms 58:7; Psalms 124:6; of their weapons Proverbs 30:14 Psalms 57:5; of Isr. shattered by י׳

tooth of a fork, tine, I Samuel 2:13 (compare Driver ^{Smend. 291}); of cliff, שֵׁן הַסֶּלַע I Samuel 14:4^(×2), compare Job 39:28, הַשֵּׁן I Samuel 14:5.

ivory, of commerce, קַרְנוֹת שֵׁן Ezekiel 27:15 (that is tusks?); as material, מִטּוֹת שׁ׳ Amos 6:4, כִּסֵּא־שׁ׳ I Kings 10:18 = II Chronicles 9:17, בֵּית הָשּׁ׳ I Kings 22:39, compare Amos 3:15, הֵיכְלֵי שׁ׳ Psalms 45:9, also Ezekiel 27:6; Song of Songs 5:14; Song of Songs 7:5.

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שֵׁן³

n.pr.location הַשּׁ׳ I Samuel 7:12, see יְשָׁנָה p. 446and

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שֶׁנְהַבִּים²

appar. noun (masc.) [plural], in list of Solomon’s imports, I Kings 10:22 = II Chronicles 9:21, AV RV ivory (elsewhere שֵׁן alone); hence הַבִּים = elephants according to Gesenius (in Gesenius' Thesaurus) Ewald Hitzig Schr^{ZMG xxvii (1873), 709} COT 1 K, compare Septuagint (2 Ch, and A in 1 K) ὀδόντων ἐλεφαντίνων, Vulgate (in 1 K) dentes elephantorum, Targum; but this very doubtful; < read RödThes Th Be Che^{EB 1154} שֵׁן (וְ)הָבְנִים ivory (and) ebony (Ezekiel 27:15).

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שֵׁנָה³

see יָשֵׁן.

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שִׁנְעָר

n. pr. location Shinar = Babylonia (= Bab. Šumêr according to COT Genesis 11:1 al., > denied by Hal ^{Rev. Crit. 1883, 44} Jen ^{ZK ii (1885), 419}; Egypt; Sangar (WMM^{As. u. Eur. 279}), TelAm. Šanḫar (Winckler ^{TelAm. 25}) identif. with שׁ׳ by Mey ^{Egyptiaca 63}; compare, further, Pinches^{Hast DB shinar});—אֶרֶץ שׁ׳ Genesis 10:10; Genesis 11:2; Zechariah 5:11; Daniel 1:2; מֶלֶךְ־שׁ׳ (Amraphel) Genesis 14:1, Genesis 14:9; שׁ׳ alone Isaiah 11:11 (as place of diaspora); אַדֶּרֶת שׁ׳ Joshua 7:21; Septuagint usually Σεν(ν)ααρ; Zechariah 5:11 (ἐν γῇ) Βαβυλῶνος.

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שֶׁ֫סַע

n.[m.] cleft;—as direct object cogn. c. [שָׁסַע], q.see; absolute Leviticus 11:26, construct v Leviticus 11:3, Leviticus 11:7 Deuteronomy 14:6.

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שָׁעָה

verb gaze (steadily, with interest, etc.) (Assyrian šeʾû, behold, look for, aim at);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Genesis 4:5, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁעֶה Isaiah 17:7, Isaiah 17:8, apoc. וַיִּ֫שַׁע Genesis 4:4, 1st singular אֶשְׁעָה (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 751) Psalms 119:117, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שְׁעֵה Job 14:6; mpl. שְׁעוּ Isaiah 22:4;—gaze at, regard (with favour), י׳ subj., c. אֶל Genesis 4:4, Genesis 4:5; c. מִן person = turn gaze away Isaiah 22:4; Job 7:19 Gesenius' Thesaurus Ewald Cheyne, + probably Job 10:20 (for יָשִׁית), c. מֵעַל person Job 14:6; man subj., regard God (with trust, devotion), c. עַל Isaiah 17:7; Isaiah 31:1; c. אֶל rei Isaiah 17:8; c. בְּ of words, statutes, Exodus 5:9 Psalms 119:117; absolute 3rd feminine plural תִּשְׁעֶינָה Isaiah 32:3 shall not behold makes no sense, read probably תְּשֹׁעֶינָה (√ I. שׁעע, Ewald and most); 3rd masculine plural יִשְׁעוּ II Samuel 22:42 they look (about) for help, < as ‖ Psalms 18:42 יְשַׁזְּעוּ.

imperative (ציווי) ms. הָשַׁע מִמֶּנִּי Psalms 39:14 cause thy gaze to turn away from me (see also √ I. שׁעע), < Qal שְׁעֵה as Job 14:6 (compare Job 7:19; Isaiah 22:4) Hup Bae Duhm Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 75 gg.

future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular apoc. אַל־תִּשְׁתָּע Isaiah 41:10 gaze not about (in anxiety, ‖ אַל־תִּירָא); 1st plural וְנִשְׁתָּ֫עָה (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 75 l) v Isaiah 41:23 let us look at each other (in rivalry, see ראה Hithp.).

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שַׁעַטְנֵז

noun (masc.) mixed stuff (perhaps of Egyptian origin; Kn der. from Copt., saht, woven, + nudj, false (Peyron^{Lex 224. 133}), and thinks orig. שַׁעַטְנֹז; Septuagint has κίβδηλος, spurious);—a kind of cloth forbidden for garments; defined Deuteronomy 22:11 by צֶמֶר וּפִשְׁתִּים יַחְדָּו, and Leviticus 19:19 by כִּלְאַיִם.

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שׁוּעָל

noun (masc.) ^{Song of Songs 2:15} fox, perhaps also jackal;—absolute שׁ׳ Nehemiah 3:25; plural שׁוּעָלִים Judges 15:4 +, שֻׁ׳ Ezekiel 13:4; Song of Songs 2:15 b;—fox (probably) Nehemiah 3:25; Song of Songs 2:15^(×2); perhaps (from large no.) jackal Judges 15:4; as haunting ruins Ezekiel 13:4; Lamentations 5:18; eating offal Psalms 63:11.

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שׁוּעָל²

n.pr.location district in Israel;—אֶרֶץ שׁ׳ I Samuel 13:17 (דֶּרֶךְ עָפְרָה); not identified.—Vid. also חֲצַר שׁ׳ p. 347 b above

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שׁוּעָל³

n.pr.m. in Asher;—I Chronicles 7:36, Σουλα, A Σουαλ, SeptuagintL Σουαν.

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שַׁעֲשֻׁעִים

-שׁוּעִים n.[m.]plural intens. delight (Barth^{NB 206});—absolute -שׁוּעִים Jeremiah 31:20 Proverbs 8:30; with suffix -שׁוּעָיו Isaiah 5:7, usually -שֻׁעַי Proverbs 8:31 Psalms 119:24, -שֻׁעָ֑י v Psalms 119:77 + 3 times;—delight, in phr. נְטַע שׁ׳ Isaiah 5:7 the planting of his delight (in which he took delight), so יֶלֶד שׁ׳ Jeremiah 31:20 (‖ בֵּן יַקִּיר); שׁ׳ אֶת־ Proverbs 8:31 my delight (was) with the sons of men; elsewhere = object of delight, of wisdom v Proverbs 8:30; God’s law, etc., Psalms 119:24, Psalms 119:77, Psalms 119:92, Psalms 119:143, Psalms 119:174.

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שַׁ֫עַף

n.pr.m. in clan of Caleb, Σαγαε, A Σαγαφ, SeptuagintL Σααφ;—

שׁ׳ I Chronicles 2:49.

שָׁ֑עַף v I Chronicles 2:47.

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שַׁ֫עַר

noun (masc.) II Samuel 18:24 (f. ^{Isaiah 14:31} in personif., Albr^{journal ZAW xvi (1896), 86}) gate;—שׁ׳ absolute Judges 9:40 +, construct Genesis 22:17 +; c. ה location, שָׁ֑עְרָה Isaiah 28:6 +; plural שְׁעָרִים II Samuel 18:24 +, construct שַׁעֲרֵי I Samuel 17:52 +; with suffix שְׁעָרֶיךָ Deuteronomy 12:15 +, שַׁעֲרֵיהֶם Ezekiel 21:20; Ezekiel 48:34, etc.;—

gate, entrance to city, shut (סָגַר) by night Joshua 2:5, Joshua 2:7, compare Isaiah 45:1, opened (פָּתַח) by day Nehemiah 7:3, compare Isaiah 60:11; for entrance (בּוֹא), and exit (יָצָא) Jeremiah 17:19, Jeremiah 17:20, Jeremiah 17:21, Jeremiah 17:24, Jeremiah 17:25, Jeremiah 17:27; Lamentations 4:12; Ezekiel 26:10 +; עָבַר שׁ׳ Micah 2:13 pass out through (disreg.accents), ע׳ בַּשׁ׳ Isaiah 62:10; with bars Psalms 147:13; attacked Ezekiel 21:20, Ezekiel 21:27, compare Isaiah 28:6; Micah 1:9, Micah 1:12; I Samuel 17:52; on Judges 5:8, Judges 5:11 see Comm.; burned (by foe) Jeremiah 17:27; Jeremiah 51:58; Nehemiah 1:3; Nehemiah 2:3, Nehemiah 2:13, Nehemiah 2:17; as giving control, possession, of city, יָרַשׁ אֵת שׁ׳ אֹיְבָיו Genesis 22:17; Genesis 24:60; פֶּתַח הַשּׁ׳ Judges 9:40 + (see פ׳), דַּלְתוֹת הַשּׁ׳ I Samuel 21:14 + (see ד׳ 3); פֶּתַח־הַשּׁ׳ Judges 18:16, Judges 18:17 of farm or village; so of camp Exodus 32:26, Exodus 32:27. In cities, elaborate structure, with roof II Samuel 18:24, upper chamber II Samuel 19:1; compare שְׂאוּ שְׁעָרִים רָאשֵׁיכֶם Psalms 24:7, Psalms 24:9; write laws בִּשׁ׳ Deuteronomy 6:9 (+ עַל־מְזֻזוֹת בֵּיתֶ֑ךָ), Deuteronomy 11:20 (+ the same); בְּתוֹךְ הַשּׁ׳ I Samuel 9:18, אֶל־תּוֹךְ הַשּׁ׳ II Samuel 3:27; (לְ)יַד שׁ׳ as public, I Samuel 4:18, + v I Samuel 4:13 Septuagint Th Wellhausen Driver al., compare II Samuel 15:2; II Samuel 18:4 Proverbs 8:3 (‖ מְבוֹא פְתָחִים).

particular gates of Jerusalem are: (1) שׁ׳ אֶפְרַיִם II Kings 14:13 ‖ II Chronicles 25:23; Nehemiah 8:16; Nehemiah 12:39; (2) שׁ׳ הָאַשְׁפֹּת Nehemiah 2:13; Nehemiah 3:14; Nehemiah 12:31 = שׁ׳ הָֽשְׁפוֹת Nehemiah 3:13; (3) שׁ׳ בִּנְיָמִין Jeremiah 37:13; Jeremiah 38:7; Zechariah 14:10; (4) שׁ׳ הנַּיִא Nehemiah 2:13; Nehemiah 2:15; Nehemiah 3:13 II Chronicles 26:9; (5) שׁ׳ הַדָּגִים Zephaniah 1:10; Nehemiah 3:3; Nehemiah 12:39; II Chronicles 33:14; (6) שׁ׳ בֵּין הַחֹמֹתַיִם II Kings 25:4 = Jeremiah 52:7, compare Jeremiah 39:4; (7) שׁ׳ החרסות Jeremiah 19:2; (8) שׁ׳ הַיְשָׁנָח Nehemiah 3:6; Nehemiah 12:39; (9) שׁ׳ הַמִּזְרָה Nehemiah 3:29; (10) שׁ׳ הַמַּטָּרָה Nehemiah 12:39; (11) שׁ׳ הַמּֽ֑יִם Nehemiah 8:1, Nehemiah 8:3, Nehemiah 8:16; (12) שׁ׳ הַמַּיִם לַמִּזְרָ֑ח Nehemiah 3:26, compare Nehemiah 12:37; (13) שׁ׳ הַמִּפְקָ֑ד Nehemiah 3:31; (14) שׁ׳ הָעַיִן Nehemiah 2:14; Nehemiah 3:15; Nehemiah 12:37; (15) שׁ׳ הַסּוּסִים Jeremiah 31:40; Nehemiah 3:28 (compare 3 b); (16) שׁ׳ הַפִּנָּה II Kings 14:13 ‖ II Chronicles 25:23 (read הַפִּנָּה for הַפּוֹנֶה), Jeremiah 31:38; II Chronicles 26:9; probably = שׁ׳ הָפִּנִּים Zechariah 14:10; (17) שׁ׳ הַצֹּאן Nehemiah 3:1, Nehemiah 3:32; Nehemiah 12:39; (18) שׁ׳ הַרִאשׁוֹן Zechariah 14:10;—on sites and rel. to each other see Robertson Smith-GASm^{Ency. Bib. jerusalem} Conder^{Hast DB the same} Buhl^{G. 133 ff.} Bd.^{Pai. s. see} Murray^{Hd. Bk. s.see} Be-Ry^{Ne p. 182 ff.} Guthe^{ZPV, especially v (1882), 7 ff., viii (1885), 245 ff.} Comm.^{ad loc}.^var.

of Ezekiel’s holy city, שַׁעֲרִי הָעִיר Ezekiel 48:31, three on each side, named for tribes, v Ezekiel 48:31^(×4) + 12 times Ezekiel 48.

gate = space inside gate, as public meeting-place, market II Kings 7:1, II Kings 7:18, place of public well II Samuel 23:15, II Samuel 23:16 = I Chronicles 11:17, I Chronicles 11:18; where elders, judges, king, sat officially Deuteronomy 21:19; Deuteronomy 22:15; Amos 5:12, Amos 5:15; Isaiah 29:21; II Samuel 18:24; II Samuel 19:9; I Kings 22:10 = II Chronicles 18:9; Genesis 19:1 Proverbs 24:7; Job 5:4; Job 31:21; Ruth 4:1, Ruth 4:11; Proverbs 31:23, Proverbs 31:31, etc.; of conqueror Jeremiah 1:15; appar. = רְחוֹב שׁ׳ Genesis 19:2 Nehemiah 8:16; I Chronicles 9:16 + (see i. ר׳); Genesis 34:20 one came unto gate (בָּא אֶל־), so בָּאֵי שׁ׳ Genesis 23:10, Genesis 34:18 those entering the gate, that is having citizens’ rights; also went out (to), יָצָא שׁ׳ Job 29:7 (that is, in this case, from his own house, outside the city), hence כָּל־יֹצְאֵי שׁ׳ Genesis 34:24^(×2) (P; compare also הוֹצִיא אֶל־ Deuteronomy 21:19; Deuteronomy 22:15, Deuteronomy 22:24); hence = body of citizens, כָּל־שׁ׳ עַמִּי Ruth 3:11.

hence also = city Isaiah 14:31 (‖ עִיר), Psalms 87:2, etc.

specif. in Dt, בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ in thy gates, that is thy cities, towns, etc., Deuteronomy 5:14 = Exodus 20:10; Deuteronomy 12:12, Deuteronomy 12:15, Deuteronomy 12:17, Deuteronomy 12:21 + 22 times Dt + I Kings 8:37 (read בְּאַחַד שׁ׳, compare Deuteronomy 18:6; Deuteronomy 23:17, so Septuagint; Peshitta mod.), so ‖ II Chronicles 6:28, + (perhaps) Jeremiah 14:2 (but Jeremiah 15:7 Nahum 3:13 figuratively of gates as entrance to land); of private house, שַׁעֲרֵי צַדִּיק Proverbs 14:19 (perhaps compare Judges 18:16 1 a above).

gate of royal castle or palace II Kings 9:31; Jeremiah 22:2, Jeremiah 22:4; Nehemiah 2:8; Esther 2:19 + 10 times Est; specif. (of king of Judah), שׁ׳ סוּר II Kings 11:6 = שׁ׳ הַיְסוֹד II Chronicles 23:5 (see ס׳, יס׳), שׁ׳ הָרָצִים II Kings 11:19, הַשּׁ׳ אַחַר הָר׳ v II Kings 11:6; שׁ׳ הַסּוּסִים בֵּית הַמּ׳ II Chronicles 23:15 (= מְבוֹא הַסּ׳ ‖ II Kings 11:16); appar. of official residence, פֶּתַח שׁ׳ יְהוֹשֻׁעַ II Kings 23:8.

of temple Jeremiah 7:2^(×2) I Chronicles 9:23; I Chronicles 16:42 + 12 times Ch, incl. שַׁעֲרֵי מַחֲנוֹת י׳ II Chronicles 31:2 (see מַחֲנֶה 1, p. 334), compare Psalms 100:4; Psalms 118:20, שַׁעֲרֵי צֶדֶק v Psalms 118:19; specif. שׁ׳ בִּנְיָמִין הָעֶלְיוֹן Jeremiah 20:2, and (om. בִּנְי׳) II Kings 15:35 = II Chronicles 27:3; Ezekiel 9:2; II Chronicles 23:20, י׳ הֶחָדָשׁ (בֵּית) שׁ׳ Jeremiah 26:10; Jeremiah 36:10, שׁ׳ הַפְּנִימִית הַפּוֹנֶה צָפ֫וֹנָה Ezekiel 8:3 compare v Ezekiel 8:14, Ezekiel 8:5, שׁ׳ הַמִּזְבֵּחַ שַׁעַר בֵּית י׳ הַקַּדְמֹנִי Ezekiel 10:19; Ezekiel 11:1; שׁ׳ שַׁלֶּכֶת I Chronicles 26:16; שַׁעַר הַמֶּלֶךְ I Chronicles 9:18.

of Ezekiel’s temple and courts Ezekiel 40:3, Ezekiel 40:6; Ezekiel 44:11, Ezekiel 44:17 + 67 times Ezekiel 40-47.

of court of tabern., שׁ׳ הֶחָצֵר Exodus 27:16; Exodus 35:17 + 6 times Ex + Numbers 4:36.

figuratively זֶה שׁ׳ הַשָּׁמַיִם Genesis 28:17 (E; ‖ בֵּית אֱלֹהִים); plural שַׁעֲרֵי שְׁאוֹל Isaiah 38:10; שׁ׳־מָוֶת Job 38:17 Psalms 9:14; Psalms 107:18; שׁ׳ צַלְמָוֶת Job 38:17.

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שֹׁעֵר

noun (masc.) porter (denom. from 1. שַׁעַר);—absolute שׁוֹ׳ II Chronicles 31:14, construct שֹׁ׳ II Kings 7:10; I Chronicles 9:21, + f. שׁוֹעֶ֫רֶת II Samuel 4:6 (for Masoretic Text בֹּאוּ עַד תּ[וֹךְ]) Wellhausen Driver HPS Budde Nowack after Septuagint (Th פְּקִידַת דֶּלֶת); plural שֹׁעֲרִים II Kings 7:11 + construct שֹׁעֲרֵי II Chronicles 23:4;—porter of city gate II Kings 7:10, II Kings 7:11 (II Samuel 18:26 read הַשַּׁעַר Septuagint Peshitta Vulgate Th Wellhausen Driver and most); portress of houses II Samuel 4:6 (see above); elsewhere (34 times Ch Ezr Ne) of gate-keepers in sanctuary I Chronicles 9:17, I Chronicles 9:18, I Chronicles 9:24 +; 4,000 in no., I Chronicles 23:5; שׁ׳ פֶּתַח לְאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד I Chronicles 9:21; שֹׁעֲרִים בַּסִּפִּים v I Chronicles 9:22; שׁ׳ לָאָרוֹן I Chronicles 15:23, I Chronicles 15:24; שֹׁעֲרֵי הַסִּפִּים II Chronicles 23:4; בְּנֵי הַשֹּׁעֲרִים Ezra 2:42.

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שַׁעֲרַ֫יִם

n.pr.location

in the Shephelah of Judah (Buhl^{Geogr. 194}) Joshua 15:36, Σακαρειμ, SeptuagintL Σεβαρειμ; דֶּרֶךְ שׁ׳ I Samuel 17:52 (Septuagint τῶν πυλῶν).

in the Negeb (Simeon), וּבְשַׁעֲרָ֑יִם I Chronicles 4:31, Σεωρειμ, SeptuagintL Σααριμ; = שָׁרוּחֶ֑ן (q.see) Joshua 19:6, and perhaps שִׁלְחִים (in Negeb of Judah) Joshua 15:32; Buhl^{Geogr. 185.}

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שָׁעַר

verb calculate, reckon (Mishnaic Hebrew Pi. J.Aram Pa. put a valuation on, estimate; J.Aram; שַׁעֲרָא interest, market-price; Arabic سِعْرٌ market-price is loan-word Frä¹⁸⁹);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular כְּמוֹ־שׁ׳ בְּנַפְשׁוֹ כֶּן־הוּא Proverbs 23:7 as he has calculated in his soul, so is he, but doubtful: De שֹׁעֵר as one who calculates; more radical conjunction in Bi Toy.

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שַׁ֫עַר²

n.[m.] measure (proposes reckoning);—plural מֵאָה שְׁעָרִים Genesis 26:12 100 measures, that is 100 for one = 100-fold.

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שַׁעֲרוּרָה

noun (fem.) horror = horrible thing;—שַׁמָּה וְשׁ׳ Jeremiah 5:30 an astounding and horrible thing has occurred; בִּנְבִיאֵי ירושׁ׳ רָאִיתִי שׁ׳ Jeremiah 23:14.

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שַׁעַשְׁגַּז

noun (masc.) person Esther 2:14, Γαι.

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שְׁפוֹ

n.pr.m. in Edom, Genesis 36:23, Σωφ, SeptuagintL Σωφαν; = ii. שְׁפִי I Chronicles 1:40, Σωβ, SeptuagintL Σαπφει.

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שְׁפִי

noun (masc.) bareness, smooth or bare (treeless) height;—

bareness, Job 33:21 Kt (see √).

bare place, height: שֶׁ֑פִי Numbers 23:3, that is an outlook-point; plural שְׁפָיִים Isaiah 41:18; Isaiah 49:9; Jeremiah 3:21, שְׁפָיִם Jeremiah 3:2; Jeremiah 4:11 (‖ מִדְבָּר), Jeremiah 7:29, Jeremiah 12:12 (בַּמִּדְבָּר), Jeremiah 14:6.

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שָׁפַת

verbdenom. set (on the fire) (Mishnaic Hebrew; see √; Sab. שפת = bestow, Sab Denkm^{Noldeke. 8, i. 15});—

imperative (ציווי) ms. שְׁפֹת הַסִּיר II Kings 4:38 set on the pot, so Ezekiel 24:3, compare v Ezekiel 24:3 (del. Co, not Krae; Toy allows); later more generally (subj. י׳): future (עתיד) 2nd masculine singular with suffix תִּשְׁפְּתֵנִי Psalms 22:16 in the dust of death thou settest me.

ordain, establish, 2nd masculine singular תִּשְׁפֹּת שָׁלוֹם לָ֑גוּ Isaiah 26:12.

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שְׁפַתַּ֫יִם

see p. 1052 below

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שִׁפְחָה

noun (fem.) maid, maid-servant (syn. אָמָה, q.see; orig. = concubine? compare √);—absolute שׁ׳ Genesis 16:1 +; construct שִׁפְחַת v Genesis 16:2 +; with suffix שִׁפְחָתִי v Genesis 16:2 +, שִׁפְחָתֶ֑ךָ Ruth 2:13, etc.; plural absolute שְׁפָחוֹת Genesis 12:16 +; etc.;—

literally, maid, maid-servant, as belonging to a mistress Genesis 16:1, Genesis 16:3, Genesis 16:6, Genesis 16:8 (PJ) Genesis 29:24, Genesis 29:29 Psalms 123:2, Proverbs 30:23; Isaiah 24:2; even where concubine of master (compare אָמָה) Genesis 16:2, Genesis 16:5 (PJ) Genesis 25:12; Genesis 35:25, Genesis 35:26 Genesis 30:4, Genesis 30:7, Genesis 30:9, Genesis 30:10, Genesis 30:12, Genesis 30:18 (all JE); less often ref. to master Genesis 29:24, Genesis 29:29, Ruth 2:13, of concubine Genesis 32:23, compare Genesis 33:1, Genesis 33:2, Genesis 33:6 (all J); marriageable Leviticus 19:20 (H, compare Exodus 11:5; not elsewhere in legisl.); in generally, especially of menial service (never אָמָה) Exodus 11:5 I Samuel 25:41 (opposite אָמָה) II Samuel 17:17 (‖ עֶבֶד) Genesis 12:16; Genesis 24:35 Genesis 20:14 Genesis 30:43 Genesis 32:6 (J; coll.) Deuteronomy 28:68; I Samuel 8:16; II Kings 5:26; Isaiah 14:2; Jeremiah 34:9, Jeremiah 34:10, Jeremiah 34:11^(×2), Jeremiah 34:16^(×2) Joel 3:2; Ecclesiastes 2:7; II Chronicles 28:10; Esther 7:4.

figuratively in address, שִׁפְתָֽתְךָ, etc., of speaker, in token of humility (see אָמָה) Ruth 2:13 (‖ אָמָה Ruth 3:9), I Samuel 1:18 (‖ the same v I Samuel 1:16), I Samuel 25:27 (‖ v I Samuel 25:24), I Samuel 28:21, I Samuel 28:22; II Samuel 14:6, II Samuel 14:7, II Samuel 14:12, II Samuel 14:15, II Samuel 14:17, II Samuel 14:19 (‖ אָמָה v I Samuel 28:15, I Samuel 28:16); II Kings 4:2, II Kings 4:16; not toward God; but see אָמָה.

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שָׁפַט

verb judge, govern (Mishnaic Hebrew in deriv.; Phoenician שפט = שֹׁפֵט, also in n.pr.; Pun. sufet Lidzbarski³⁸¹; Biblical Aramaic שָֽׁפְטִין; Assyrian šapâtu (t = ת), syn. dânu (דִּין), judge Delitzsch^{WB 684}, šipṭu (ט), probably judgment [and šapiṭu, captain?] Jen^{ZA iv (1889), 278 f.}; on poss. connexion with Arabic سفط see Noldeke^{ZMG xi (1886), 724}; on usage of verb see Ferguson^{JBL viii (1888), 130 ff.});—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Judges 16:31 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁפֹּט Genesis 16:5, יִשְׁפּוֹט Isaiah 11:3; 3rd masculine plural יִשְׁפְּטוּ Genesis 31:53 +, יִשְׁפּ֫וּטוּ Exodus 18:26 (Ki יִשְׁפּוּט֫וּ; compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 47 g), etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׁפוֹט Genesis 19:9; construct שְׁפֹט Ruth 1:1, לִשְׁפֹּט Exodus 8:13 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) שְׁפָט־ Proverbs 31:9, שָׁפְטָה Psalms 82:8; Lamentations 3:59, שִׁפְטוּ Isaiah 1:17 +, שְׁפֹ֑טוּ Zechariah 7:9, etc.; participle (בינוני) שֹׁפֵט I Samuel 3:13 +, etc.;—

act as law-giver, judge, governor (giving law, deciding controversies and executing law, civil, religious, political, social; both early and late):

of God only, שֹׁפֵט כל הארץ Genesis 18:25, ‖ מֶלֶךְ, מְחֹקֵק Isaiah 33:22.

of man, Genesis 19:9^(×2), Moses deciding cases Exodus 18:13, making known statutes v Exodus 18:16; so his assistants v Exodus 18:22^(×2), Exodus 18:26^(×2), ‖ Deuteronomy 1:16; of שׁפטי ישׂראל Numbers 25:5 (executioners); י׳ set שֹׁפְטִים over Isr. Judges 2:16, Judges 2:18; II Samuel 7:11 = I Chronicles 17:10, to deliver Isr., שׁפט ישׂראל Judges 3:10; Judges 4:4; Judges 10:2, Judges 10:3 + 9 times Ju, I Samuel 4:18; I Samuel 7:15, I Samuel 7:16, I Samuel 7:17; II Kings 23:22, compare I Samuel 7:6; participle (בינוני) שֹׁפֵט as noun also Judges 2:17, Judges 2:18, Judges 2:19; I Samuel 8:1, I Samuel 8:2; II Kings 23:22; שֹׁפְטֵי יִשׂ׳ I Chronicles 17:6 (‖ II Samuel 7:7 שִׁבְטֵי), בִּימֵי שְׁפֹט הַשֹּׁפְטִים Ruth 1:1^(×2) (compare מוֹשִׁיעִים Obadiah 1:21); שׁפט, ‖ מֶלֶךְ I Samuel 8:5, I Samuel 8:6, I Samuel 8:20; Hosea 7:7; Hosea 13:10; שֹׁפֶט ישׂראל Micah 4:14 (= king); king judges people I Kings 3:9^(×2) = II Chronicles 1:10; I Kings 15:5 = II Chronicles 26:21; II Chronicles 1:11; absolute I Kings 7:7; Isaiah 16:5; ‖ שׂרים Exodus 2:14 Amos 2:3; Zephaniah 3:3; ‖ יוֹעֵץ Isaiah 1:26; Job 12:17, compare Isaiah 3:2; שֹׁפְטֵי אָרֶץ Isaiah 40:23 (‖ רוֹזְנִים), Proverbs 8:16 (‖ שׂרים), Psalms 2:10; Psalms 148:11 (‖ מלכים); שׁפטינו אשׁר שׁפטונו Daniel 9:12^(×2).

specif. decide controversy, discriminate betw. persons, in civil, political, domestic and religious questions:

of God Psalms 82:1: שׁ׳ בֵּין … וּבֵין Genesis 16:5 (J; domestic), Judges 11:27^(×2); I Samuel 24:13, I Samuel 24:16 (all of war), Ezekiel 34:20 (relig.); c. בֵּין … לְ Ezekiel 34:17, Ezekiel 34:22 (relig.); c. בֵּינֵינוּ Genesis 31:53 (E; domestic), Isaiah 2:4 = Micah 4:3 (of war); c. בְּ II Chronicles 20:12 (war); with a direct object I Kings 8:32 = II Chronicles 6:23; Ecclesiastes 3:17, condemning wicked and justifying righteous Job 21:22 (‖ ידע), Job 23:7; absolute Exodus 5:21 Job 22:13; שׁ׳ צֶדֶק Jeremiah 11:20 Psalms 9:5; י׳ is שׁוֹפֵט צַדִּיק Psalms 7:12.

of man, שׁ׳ בֵּין … וּבֵין Exodus 18:16 Numbers 35:24 Deuteronomy 1:16 (all civil), Isaiah 5:3 (relig.); with a direct object Leviticus 19:15 Deuteronomy 25:1 (all civil), Ezekiel 20:4^(×2); Ezekiel 22:2^(×2); Ezekiel 23:36; שׁ׳ מִשְׁפָּט Deuteronomy 16:18; I Kings 3:28 (Sol.); במשׁפטים Ezekiel 44:24, c. ל II Chronicles 19:6; absolute Ezekiel 44:24; Isaiah 11:3 (king); influenced by bribes Micah 3:11; Micah 7:3; Job 9:24; Absalom desires to decide cases as שֹׁפֵט II Samuel 15:4 (implying lack of such in his time); according to II Chronicles 19:5, II Chronicles 19:6 Jehoshaphat set up שׁפטים, appar. for the first as judges in this specific sense; code of Dt recognizes them: הַשֹּׁפֵט declares דְּבַר הַמִּשְׁפָּט Deuteronomy 17:9, Deuteronomy 17:12; Deuteronomy 25:2; שׁפטים + שֹׁטְרִים Deuteronomy 16:18; I Chronicles 23:4; I Chronicles 26:29; Joshua 8:33 (+ זְקֵנִים), Joshua 23:2; Joshua 24:1 (D; both + זקנים, רָאשִׁים), + זקנים only Deuteronomy 21:2; Ezra 10:14, + כֹּהֲנִים; Deuteronomy 19:17, Deuteronomy 19:18, שׂרים II Chronicles 1:2.

execute judgment:

discriminating, of man only, משׁפט אמת Zechariah 7:9, מֵישָׁרִים שׁ׳ Psalms 58:2 judge uprightly; משׁפט שׁלום Zechariah 8:16, צֶדֶק Proverbs 31:9, עָוֶל Psalms 82:2.

vindicating, with a direct object: (1) subj. God, יתום Psalms 10:18, direct object person Psalms 26:1; Psalms 43:1; Psalms 58:12 (read שֹׁפְטָם for שׁפטים), שׁ׳ משׁפט Lamentations 3:59; מִיַּד vindicate by delivering from hand of I Samuel 24:16; II Samuel 18:19, II Samuel 18:31; שָׁפְטֵנִי י׳ כְּצִדְקִי Psalms 7:9; שָׁפְטֵנִי כְּצִדְקְךָ Psalms 35:24. (2) subj. man, with a direct object יתום Isaiah 1:17, Isaiah 1:23; דל(ים) Isaiah 11:4; Proverbs 29:14 Psalms 82:3; עניי עם Psalms 72:4; משׁפט אביונים Jeremiah 5:28.

condemning and punishing, (1) God כְּדַרְכֵי פ׳ direct object to ways of Ezekiel 7:3, Ezekiel 7:8; Ezekiel 18:30; Ezekiel 24:14; Ezekiel 33:20; Ezekiel 36:19; במשׁפטים Ezekiel 7:27; Ezekiel 23:24; משׁפטי נאפות Ezekiel 16:38 (= Ezekiel 23:45 of human judges); with a direct object I Samuel 3:13 Psalms 51:6 Isaiah 51:5; Ezekiel 11:10, Ezekiel 11:11; Ezekiel 21:35; Ezekiel 35:11. (2) of man, only שֹׁפְטֵי נַפְשׁוֹ Psalms 109:31 and Ezekiel 23:45 above, probably also Psalms 141:6 (corrupt).

at theophanic advent for final judgment: God is שֹׁפֵט Psalms 50:6; Psalms 75:8; שׁפט הארץ Psalms 94:2, with a direct object בא לשׁפט הארץ Psalms 96:13 = I Chronicles 16:33, Psalms 98:9; שׁ׳ הארץ Psalms 82:8; כל הגוים Joel 4:12; עמים Psalms 67:5; תבל Psalms 9:9; Psalms 96:13 = Psalms 98:9; שׁ׳ מישׁרים Psalms 75:3.

past (עבר) 1st singular נִשְׁפַּטְתִּי Ezekiel 20:36 + 4 times; future (עתיד) 1st singular אִשָּׁפֵט Ezekiel 20:36; אִשָּֽׁפְטָה I Samuel 12:7, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct הִשָּׁפֵט II Chronicles 22:8; with suffix הִשָּֽׁפְטוֹ Psalms 37:33; Psalms 109:7; participle (בינוני) נִשְׁפָּט Isaiah 59:4 + 4 times;—

recipr., (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 51 d), enter into controversy, plead: c. אֵת with, of God Jeremiah 2:35; Ezekiel 17:20 (+ direct object rei) Ezekiel 20:35, Ezekiel 20:36^(×2); Ezekiel 38:22; of man I Samuel 12:7 (+ וְאַגִּידָה לָכֶם Septuagint Wellhausen), Proverbs 29:9; c. עִם, of God Joel 4:2, of man II Chronicles 22:8; c. ל, of God Jeremiah 25:31; נשׁ׳ יחד Isaiah 43:26 have controversy together; באשׁ by fire (of God) Isaiah 66:16; באמונה Isaiah 59:4.

passive be judged, Psalms 9:20; Psalms 37:33; Psalms 109:7. Pôʿel participle (בינוני) with suffix מְשֹׁפְטִי (doubtful; Hitzig Budde מִשְׁפָּטִי), = my opponent-at-law (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 55 b) Job 9:15; + Zephaniah 3:15 Psalms 109:31 Wellhausen al.

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שְׁפוֹט

noun (masc.) si vera l. judgment, act of judgment;—absolute שׁ׳ II Chronicles 20:9 (so Septuagint Peshitta, but doubtful); plural שְׁפוּטִים Ezekiel 23:10 (Toy שְׁפָטִים, Co del.).

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שָׁפָט

n.pr.m. (he hath judged);—usually Σαφατ[θ]:

father of Elisha I Kings 19:16, I Kings 19:19; II Kings 3:11; II Kings 6:31.

prince of Simeon Numbers 13:5.

grandson of Zerub. I Chronicles 3:22.

Gaddite chief I Chronicles 5:12 (Σαβατ, Σαφαμ [ν]).

herdsman of David I Chronicles 27:29 (Σωφαν, A Σωφατ, SeptuagintL Σαφατ).

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שִׁפְטָן

n.pr.m. (judgment);—prince of Ephraim Numbers 34:24; Σαβαθα(ν), SeptuagintL Σαφαταν.

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שְׁפִי²

see I. שׁפה.

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שְׁפִי³

see שְׁפוֹ sub I. שׁפה.

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שָׁפַךְ

verb pour out, pour (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Assyrian šapâku, pour out, especially (Delitzsch^WB Jen^{Kosmol. 41}) earth, to form mound; Arabic سَفَكَ pour out, compare سَبَكَ melt and pour into mould; Ethiopic ሰበከ: Aramaic שְׁפַךְ, ܫܦܰܟ (rare) = Biblical Hebrew);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ I Kings 2:31 +; 3rd feminine singular with suffix שְׁפָכַ֫תְהוּ Ezekiel 24:7, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁפֹּךְ II Kings 19:32 +; 2nd masculine singular with suffix 3rd masculine singular תִּשְׁפְּכֶנּוּ Deuteronomy 12:16 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שְׁפוֹךְ Judges 6:20 +, שְׁפָךְ־ Psalms 69:25; fs. שִׁפְכִי Lamentations 2:19, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct שְׁפָךְ־ I Kings 18:28 +, לִשְׁפֹּךְ Isaiah 59:7 +, etc.; participle (בינוני) active שֹׁפֵךְ Genesis 9:6 +, f. שֹׁפֶ֫כֶת Ezekiel 22:3, etc.; passive שָׁפוּךְ Psalms 79:10, שְׁפוּכָה Ezekiel 20:33, Ezekiel 20:34;—

literally:

pour out, pour water Exodus 4:9 (J; direct object location), I Samuel 7:6 (+ לִפְנֵי י׳, unique, symb. of contrition), עַל־פְּנֵי הָאָרֶץ (subj. י׳) Amos 5:8; Amos 9:6; blood like water (to flow away and be absorbed), עַל־הָאָרֶץ Deuteronomy 12:16, Deuteronomy 12:24; Deuteronomy 15:23, compare Leviticus 17:13 Ezekiel 24:7; also + אֶל location Exodus 29:12; Leviticus 4:7, Leviticus 4:18, Leviticus 4:25, Leviticus 4:30, Leviticus 4:34; + עַל person reflex. I Kings 18:28; pour out broth Judges 6:20, libation (נֶסֶךְ, to (ל) false gods) Isaiah 57:6; dust Leviticus 14:41 (P; אֶל location); with a direct object סֹלְלָה mound (in siege), = make by pouring (earth, orig. from baskets, see especially Assyrian šapâku Delitzsch^{WB 679 b} Jen^{Kosmol. 41}), + עַל־ of city II Kings 19:32 = Isaiah 37:33; Jeremiah 6:6; Ezekiel 4:2; Ezekiel 26:8, אֶל־ II Samuel 20:15; absolute Ezekiel 17:17; Ezekiel 21:27; Daniel 11:15; וַיִּשׁ׳ מֵעָיו אַרְצָה II Samuel 20:10 (by a sword-thrust in the belly), compare יִשׁ׳ לָאָרֶץ מְרֵרָתִי Job 16:13 (metaphorically, י׳ subj.).

techn., direct object; דָּם shed blood Genesis 37:22 Genesis 9:6 I Samuel 25:31; Ezekiel 22:4 + 9 times Ez, + 15 times (passive Psalms 79:10) + Ezekiel 36:18 (c. עַל־הָאָרֶץ), I Chronicles 22:8 (c. אַ֫רְצָה); direct object דָּמִים †I Kings 2:31; I Chronicles 28:3 Psalms 79:3 (כַּמַּיִם).

figuratively:

י׳ subj., pour out anger, etc.: עֲלֵיהֶם אֶשׁ׳ כַּמַּיִם עֶבְרָתִי Hosea 5:10; שׁ׳ חֲמָתִי עַל Ezekiel 14:19 + 8 times Ez, Jeremiah 10:25; Isaiah 42:25 Psalms 79:6 (אֶל et עַל); direct object ח׳ om. Jeremiah 6:11; c. ב location Lamentations 2:4; ח׳ שְׁפוּכָה Ezekiel 20:33, Ezekiel 20:34; direct object חֲרוֹן אַפּוֹ Lamentations 4:11; direct object זַעַם (עַל person) Ezekiel 21:36 + 3 times; direct object בּוּזּ contempt, עַל person, Job 12:21 = Psalms 107:40; pour their own wickedness עֲלֵיהֶם Jeremiah 14:16 (that is requite it); pour out רוּחִי עַל Ezekiel 39:29, compare Zechariah 12:10; Joel 3:1, Joel 3:2.

hum. subj. pour out one’s heart, etc., כַּמַּיִם לִבֵּךְ Lamentations 2:19, לְפָנָיו לְבַבְכֶם Psalms 62:9 (that is bef. י׳), אֶת־נַפְשִׁי לִפְנֵי י׳ I Samuel 1:15, עָלַי (reflex.; see עַל 1 d) Psalms 42:5; אֶת־שִׂיחוֹ לִפְנֵי י׳ Psalms 102:1 (title), compare Psalms 142:3; in bad sense, וַתִּשְׁפְּכִי אֶת־תַּזְנוּתַיִךְ עַל־ Ezekiel 16:15, compare Ezekiel 23:8.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִשְׁפַּךְ Lamentations 2:11, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשָּׁפֵךְ Genesis 9:6 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct הִשָּׁפֵךְ Ezekiel 16:36;—be poured out: of ashes I Kings 13:3, I Kings 13:5, blood (עַל location) Deuteronomy 12:27; be shed, of blood Genesis 9:6 Deuteronomy 19:10; in figuratively Lamentations 2:11 my liver is poured לָאָרֶץ (compare Qal 1 a ad fin.); Psalms 22:15 I am poured out like water (nerveless, helpless); subj. נְּחֻשְׁתֵּךְ Ezekiel 16:36 (see ii. [נְחשֶׁת]; compare v Ezekiel 16:15 Qal 2 b).

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular consec. וְשֻׁפַּךְ Zephaniah 1:17 be poured out כֶּעָפָר, of blood; שֻׁפַּךְ Numbers 35:33 be shed, of blood; 3rd feminine singular שֻׁפְּכָה Psalms 73:2 Kt my steps were caused to slip (Qr שֻׁפְּכוּ).

future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular עָלַי תִּשְׁתַּפֵּךְ נַפְשִׁי Job 30:16 my soul pours itself out upon me; 3rd feminine plural תִּשְׁתַּפֵּ֫כְנָה אַבְנֵי־קֹדֶשׁ (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 54 k) Lamentations 4:1 figuratively of slaughter; infinitive (מקור) construct בְּהִשְׁתַּפֵּךְ נַפְשָׁם אֶל־חֵיק אִמֹּתָם Lamentations 2:12, that is they expire.

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שֶׁ֫פֶךְ

n.[m.] place of pouring;—construct שׁ׳ הַדֶּשֶׁן Leviticus 4:12^(×2).

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שָׁפְכָה

noun (fem.) male organ (as fluid-duct);—absolute כְּרוּת שׁ׳ Deuteronomy 23:2 (‖ פְּצוּעַ־דַּכָּה).

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שָׁפֵל

verb be or become low, be abased (Mishnaic Hebrew, der. spec.; Assyrian šapâlu, der. spec. and deriv.; Sab. ספל n. humility or lowland DHM^{xxix (1875), 604}; Arabic سَفِلَ, سَفُلَ, سَفَلَ be low (Lagarde^{BN 48}); Aramaic שְׁפַל, ܫܦܰܠ (der. spec.));—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Isaiah 2:11; 2nd feminine singular וְשָׁפַלְתְּ Isaiah 29:4, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיִּשְׁפַּל Isaiah 2:9; Isaiah 5:15; 3rd feminine plural תִּשְׁפַּלְנָה Isaiah 5:15, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct שְׁפַל Ecclesiastes 12:4; Proverbs 16:19, see below;—

all Is: become (be brought, laid) low, of trees Isaiah 10:33 (‖ גְּדֻעִים), mts. Isaiah 40:4 (opposite נִשָּׂא), of כָּל־נִשָּׂא Isaiah 2:12 (but read, for שׁ׳, נִשְׂגָּב [Kohler], or גָּבֹהַּ [Lagarde], so Duhm Cheyne^Haupt. Dillmann-Kittel Marti); figuratively be humiliated, of man Isaiah 2:9; Isaiah 5:15, his loftiness Isaiah 2:17, haughty eyes v Isaiah 2:11 (all ‖ שָׁחַח), Isaiah 5:15; of city Isaiah 32:19; as helping verb (= adverb) וְשׁ׳ מֵאֶרֶץ תְּדַבֵּ֑רִי Isaiah 29:4 thou shalt speak low out of the ground (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 120 g; ‖ מֵעָפָר תִּשַּׁח אִמְרָתֵךְ).

שְׁפַל־רוּחַ Proverbs 16:19 to be lowly of spirit, so Buhl Siegfried-Stade Toy al.; Gesenius' Thesaurus RobGes. al. sub שָׁפָל.

of sound Ecclesiastes 12:4.

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular הִשְׁפִּיל Isaiah 25:12, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַשְׁפִּיל Psalms 75:8, with suffix יַשְׁפִּילֶנָּה יַשְׁפִּילָהּ Isaiah 26:5 (but 2nd verb probably doublet), etc.; imperative (ציווי) mpl. (with suffix) (הַשְׁפִּילֵ הוּ Job 40:11 Jeremiah 13:18; infinitive (מקור) construct with suffix הַשְׁפִּילְךָ Proverbs 25:7 (Ezekiel 21:31 read absolute הַשְׁפֵּיל, ‖ הַגְבֵּהַּ, so Co Krae Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 113 bb R. 3); participle (בינוני) מַשְׁפִּיל I Samuel 2:7 Psalms 147:6; מַשְׁפִּילִי (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 90 l) Psalms 113:6;—

usually figuratively, י׳ subj., lay low, tree Ezekiel 17:24 (opposite הִגְבַּהְתִּי); city Isaiah 26:5 (‖ הֵשַׁח); fortress Isaiah 25:12 (+ הֵשַׁח; Duhm thinks doublet of Isaiah 26:5); humiliate pride v Isaiah 26:11; Isaiah 13:11, compare Job 40:11; obj. עֵינַיִם רָמוֹת Psalms 18:28, so read also ‖ II Samuel 22:28, י׳מַשׁ׳אַף־מְרוֹמֵם I Samuel 2:7, רְשָׁעִים Psalms 147:6; זֶה יַשׁ׳ וְזֶה יָרִים Psalms 75:8, compare Ezekiel 21:31.

hum. subj. set one in a lower place Proverbs 25:7; subj. hum. pride Proverbs 29:23; declar. Isaiah 57:9 thou didst shew abasement עַד־שְׁאוֹל.

as helping verb: + verb coöread, הַשׁ׳ שֵׁ֑בוּ Jeremiah 13:18 make low, sit down = take a low seat (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 120 g); + inf. מַשׁ׳ לִרְאוֹת Psalms 113:6 he who maketh low to look upon heaven and earth (that is י׳; ‖ הַמַּגְבִּיהִי לָשָׁ֑בֶת v Psalms 113:5; Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 114n).—הִשְׁפִּילוּ וַתֹּאמֶר גֵּוָ֑ה Job 22:29 is doubtful; ‖ יוֹשִׁעַ favours אֱלוֹהַּ as subj., which Budde conjunction for וַתֹּא׳, read then הִשְׁפִּיל, א׳ hath abased pride, so (in part) Duhm; > they cast (thee) down (RV); men are cast down (הִשׁ׳ intrans.; AV, compare Lagarde^{BN 121}); (thy ways) are brought low (Ewald De Dillmann).

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שָׁפָל

adjective low;—absolute שׁ׳ II Samuel 6:22 +, construct שְׁפַל Proverbs 29:23 +; fs. שְׁפָלָה Ezekiel 17:14 +, construct שִׁפְלַת v Ezekiel 17:6; plural שְׁפָלִים Job 5:11;—

low, in height, of vine Ezekiel 17:6, tree v Ezekiel 17:24 (opposite גָּבֹהַּ); שׁ׳ מִן־הָעוֹר Leviticus 13:20 lower (deeper) than the skin (around it), so v Leviticus 13:21, Leviticus 13:26, compare Leviticus 14:37.

of a modest, unambitious kingdom Ezekiel 17:14; Ezekiel 29:14, Ezekiel 29:15; low in station Job 5:11 (opposite שָֽׂגְבוּ), Ezekiel 21:31 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 90 f; read הַשְּׁפָלָה֣).

humiliated, שׁ׳ בְּעֵינָ֑י II Samuel 6:22; plural Malachi 2:9 (‖ נִבְזִים).

lowly, as noun Psalms 138:6 (opposite גָּבֹהַּ), רוּחַ שְׁפָלִים Isaiah 57:15 (‖ נִדְכָּאִים); שְׁפַל רוּחַ v Isaiah 57:15, Proverbs 29:23 (opposite גַּאֲוַת אָדָם), + Proverbs 16:19 Gesenius' Thesaurus al. (but see √ Qal 2).

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שָׁפָן

noun (masc.) ^{Leviticus 11:5} rock-badger, hyrax syriacus, AV RV coney;—absolute שׁ׳ Deuteronomy 14:7 = Leviticus 11:5 (P; unclean animal); living in rocks, plural שְׁפַנִּים Psalms 104:18 Proverbs 30:26.—Vid. Rob^{BR iii. 66, 387} Tr^{NHB 75; FFP 1, and Pl. 1} Driver Dt Post^{Hast. DB coney} McLean-Shipley^{Ency. Bib. the same}.

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שָׁפָן²

n.pr.m. Σαφ(φ)αν:

secretary (הַסֹּפֵר) under Josiah II Kings 22:3, II Kings 22:8^(×2), II Kings 22:9, II Kings 22:10^(×2), II Kings 22:12, II Kings 22:14; II Chronicles 34:8, II Chronicles 34:15^(×2), II Chronicles 34:16, II Chronicles 34:18^(×2), II Chronicles 34:20.

father of אֲחִיקָם, contemp. of 1 (improb. = 1): II Kings 22:12; II Kings 25:22; Jeremiah 26:24; Jeremiah 39:14; Jeremiah 40:5, Jeremiah 40:9, Jeremiah 40:11; Jeremiah 41:2; Jeremiah 43:6; II Chronicles 34:20.

father of אֶלְעָשָׂה Jeremiah 29:3, perhaps = 2.

father of גְּמַרְיָ֫הוּ Jeremiah 36:10 (called הַסֹּפֵר), v Jeremiah 29:11, Jeremiah 29:12, perhaps = 1.

father of יַאֲזַנְיָ֫הוּ Ezekiel 8:11, possibly = 1.

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שֶׁ֫פַע

n.[m.] abundance;—construct שׁ׳ Deuteronomy 33:19.

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שִׁפְעָה

noun (fem.) abundance, quantity;—appar. absolute שִׁפְעַת II Kings 9:17, a multitude (of men), (Bur שִׁפְעָה, or שִׁפְעַת אֲנָשִׁים as Klostermann Benz al.; > Septuagint (Vaticanus) Kittel עָפָר); construct שִׁפְעַת יֵהוּא v II Kings 9:17 Jehu’s multitude; construct, of horses Ezekiel 26:10, camels Isaiah 60:6; of waters Job 22:11; Job 38:34.

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שִׁפְעִי

n.pr.m. in Simeon I Chronicles 4:37; Σεφει, SeptuagintL Σωφει.

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שְׁפִיפֹן

n.[m.] horned snake, Septuagint κεράστης (Arabic سِفٌّ, سُفٌ Freytag);—absolute שׁ׳ Genesis 49:17 (‖ נָחָשׁ); = cerastes cornutus or Hasselquistii, compare Tr^{NHB 273} Post^{Hast. DB iv. 457 f.} McLean-Shipley^{Ency. Bib. iv. 4393} Driver^{ad location}—שְׁפוּפָם, שְׁפוּפָן vid. s.see

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שָׁפַר

verb be beautiful, fair, comely (Arabic سَفَرَ remove veil (of women), shine; Aramaic שְׁפַר be pleasing (see Daniel 6:2), ܫܦܰܪ be beautiful, bright, pleasing, ܫܰܦܺܝܪ beautiful);—

past (עבר) 3rd feminine singular שָֽׁפְרָה עָלָ֑י (Aramaic) Psalms 16:6 (the) heritage is beautiful for (pleasing to) me (see עַל II. 8).

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שֶׁ֫פֶר

n. m. beauty, goodliness;—absolute אִמְרֵי־שָׁ֑פֶר Genesis 49:21 (see אֹמֶר, אָמִיר).

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שֶׁ֫פֶר²

n.pr.mont. as a station in wilderness;—הַר־שָׁ֑פֶר Numbers 33:23, Numbers 33:24; Σαφαρ.

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שִׁפְרָה

noun (fem.) fairness, clearness, of sky;—absolute שׁ׳ Job 26:13 by his breath the sky becomes fair(ness), see especially De Dillmann Budde Duhm; > Cheyne^{JQ 1897, 578} (after Septuagint) בְּרִיחֵי שָׁמַיִם סֹגֵר הוּא.

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שִׁפְרָה²

n.pr.f. Hebrew midwife, Exodus 1:15; Σεπφωρα (compare Lagarde^{BN 90}).

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שָׁפִיר

n.pr.location in Philist. plain, Micah 1:11 (= שָׁמִיר Joshua 15:48?); Septuagint καλῶς (!).

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שָׁפַת²

see II. שׁפה.

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שְׁפַתַּ֫יִם²

n.[m.]dual doubtful word: usually hook-shaped pegs, hooks, so Targum Gesenius' Thesaurus AV RV; absolute וְהַשּׁ׳ Ezekiel 40:43; < Peshitta Vulgate Co וּשְׂפָתָם and their edge, so Aq Theod Symm and probably Septuagint, compare Hitzig-Smend, and Krae (וּשְׂפַת).—i. שׁ׳ see √ שׁפה.

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שָׁקַד

verb watch, wake (Phoenician שקד be circumspect; Mishnaic Hebrew שָׁקַד be insistent; Targum שְׁקֵד = Biblical Hebrew);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Psalms 127:1, שָׁקַ֫דְתִּי Jeremiah 31:28 Psalms 102:8; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁק֑וֹד Job 21:32 (Me Budde יִשְׁקֹ֑דוּ), וַיִּשְׁקֹד Daniel 9:14, 1st singular אֶשְׁקֹד Jeremiah 31:28; imperative (ציווי) mpl. שִׁקְדוּ Ezra 8:29; infinitive (מקור) construct לִשְׁקֹד Proverbs 8:34; participle (בינוני) active שֹׁקֵד Jeremiah 1:12 +; plural construct שֹׁקְדֵי Isaiah 29:20;—

keep watch of, be wakeful over, י׳ subj., עַל person, to benefit or injure Jeremiah 31:28^(×2); Jeremiah 44:27; עַל rei, to perform it Jeremiah 1:12; Daniel 9:14; so (men subj.) שֹׁקְדֵי אָוֶן Isaiah 29:20; of leopard watching עַל־עָרֵיהֶם Jeremiah 5:6 (to seize prey, figuratively); of man watching (for admission) at (עַל) wisdom’s doors Proverbs 8:34 (‖ שָׁמַר); = keep guard over (עַל) Job 21:32, compare (absolute) שׁ׳ וְשִׁמְרוּ Ezra 8:29, and (of watchman, שֹׁמֵר) Psalms 127:1.

be wakeful, wake, as mourner, sufferer Psalms 102:8.—Lamentations 1:14 read perhaps

past (עבר) נִשְׁקַד עַל־פְּשָׁעַי (Septuagint Budde) watch has been kept over my transgressions (compare 1 supra), for Masoretic Text נִשְׂקַד עֹל פ׳.—

denom. see infra.

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שָׁקֵד

n.[m.] almond(-tree) (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; so called from its early waking out of winter’s sleep, according to Ki Gesenius' Thesaurus Lagarde^{BN 45} al.; Aramaic שִׁיגְדָּא, ܫܶܓܕܳܐ, ܫܶܓܕܬܳܐ, whence Ethiopic ሰግድ: compare Noldeke^{M 39}; compare Löw^{Noldeke. 319});—

almond, that is the nut, plural שְׁקֵדִים Genesis 43:11 (J; + בָּטְנִים, etc.), Numbers 17:23.

almond-tree Jeremiah 1:11 and (probably) Ecclesiastes 12:5.

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שָׁקַד²

verb

denom.—only participle (בינוני) plural in גְּבִעִים מְשֻׁקָּדִים cups shaped like almond (blossoms) Exodus 25:33^(×2), Exodus 25:34; Exodus 37:19^(×2), Exodus 37:20 (all P).

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שָׁקָה

verb

cause to drink water, give to drink (Mishnaic Hebrew Hiph. the same; Arabic سَقَى i. give to drink; Sab. סקי be irrigated Fell ^{ZMG liv (1900), 246}, מסקי drinks Hom ^{Chr 124}, מסתקין the same DHM ^{Hofmus., Noldeke. 1, 1.7}; Ethiopic ሰቀየ: water, irrigate; Assyrian šaḳû i. = Hebrew Hiph., Aramaic שְׁקָא, ܫܩܳܐ Aph.);—for

see I. שָׁתָה;—past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular consec. וְהִשְׁקָה Genesis 2:6 +, with suffix וְהִשְׁקָהּ Numbers 5:27; 2nd masculine singular consec. וְהִשְׁקִיתָ Numbers 20:8 +; 1st singular consec. וְהִשְׁקֵיתִי Ezekiel 32:6, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַשְׁקֶה Numbers 5:26, וַיַּשְׁקְ Genesis 29:10 +, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. with suffix הַשְׁקֵ֫הוּ Proverbs 25:21; fs. with suffix הַשְׁקִ֫ינִי Genesis 24:43 +; infinitive (מקור) construct הַשְׁקוֹת Genesis 2:10 +, with suffix הַשְׁקֹתוֹ Genesis 24:19; participle (בינוני) מַשְׁקֶה Psalms 104:13, construct Habakkuk 2:15 (see also i., ii. מַשְׁקֶה);—

irrigate, ground: subj. man Deuteronomy 11:10, mist Genesis 2:6, river v Genesis 2:10 (both J), spring Joel 4:18; subj. י׳ Isaiah 27:3 (כֶּרֶם), Ezekiel 17:7 (גֶּפֶן), both in figuratively, figuratively also Ezekiel 32:6 water land מִדָּם; literally c. מִן of source Psalms 104:13 (הָרִים) and (subj. man) Ecclesiastes 2:6 (יַעַר).

water, give drink to, usually human subj., direct object of beast, Genesis 24:14, Genesis 24:46^(×2); Genesis 29:2 (מִן of source), v Genesis 29:3, Genesis 29:7, Genesis 29:8, Genesis 29:10 Exodus 2:16, Exodus 2:17, Exodus 2:19 (all J), Psalms 104:11 (subj. springs); direct object person Genesis 21:19, Genesis 24:18, Genesis 24:19, Genesis 24:45, Habakkuk 2:15 (figuratively), Isaiah 43:20 (י׳ subj.), Psalms 78:15 (the same), II Chronicles 28:15, c. ב of vessel Esther 1:7; with a direct object person et animal. Numbers 20:8; give one something to drink, direct object person + rei (water, wine, etc.), Amos 2:12; Genesis 19:32, Genesis 19:33, Genesis 19:34, Genesis 19:35; Genesis 24:43; Numbers 5:24, Numbers 5:26; Judges 4:19 I Samuel 30:11; II Samuel 23:15 = I Chronicles 11:15; Job 22:7, compare Song of Songs 8:2 (מִיַּיִן); figuratively Jeremiah 8:14; Jeremiah 9:14; Jeremiah 16:7; Jeremiah 23:15; Jeremiah 25:15 Psalms 69:22, compare וְנַחַל עֲדָנֶיךָ תַשְׁקֵם Psalms 36:9, and וַתַּשְׁקֵ֫מוֹ בִּדְמָעוֹת Psalms 80:6; direct object rei om., literally Judges 4:19; Exodus 32:20, figuratively Jeremiah 25:17.—Vid. also i. מַשְׁקֶה infra.

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וּמֹחַ עַצְמוֹתָיו יְשֻׁקֶּה Job 21:24 the marrow of his bones is watered, (refreshed, invigorated).—נשׁקה Amos 8:8 see שׁקע.

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שָׁקַט

verb be quiet, undisturbed (Targum שְׁקַט (rare); Mishnaic Hebrew שׁקט is sink down; Arabic سَقَطَ is drop down);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular consec. וְשׁ׳ Jeremiah 30:10; Jeremiah 46:27, 3rd feminine singular שָֽׁקְטָה Joshua 11:23 +, שָׁקָ֑טָה II Kings 11:20 +; 1st singular שָׁקַ֫טְתִּי Job 3:26, וְשָׁקַטְתִּ֫י Ezekiel 16:42; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁקֹט Ruth 3:18; 2nd feminine singular תְּשְׁקֹ֑טִי Jeremiah 47:6, Jeremiah 47:7; 1st singular אֶשְׁקוֹט Isaiah 62:1; Job 3:13, אשׁקוטה Isaiah 18:4 Kt, Qr אֶשָׁקֳטָה (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) §§ 10h, 48c); participle (בינוני) שֹׁקֵט Judges 18:7 +, fs. שֹׁקֶ֫טֶת I Chronicles 4:40, שֹׁקָ֑טֶת Zechariah 1:11; plural הַשֹּׁקְטִים Ezekiel 38:11;—be quiet, undisturbed:

of land, at peace, absolute Judges 3:11, Judges 3:30; Judges 5:31; Judges 8:28; Isaiah 14:7 (+ נָ֫חָה), II Chronicles 13:23; II Chronicles 14:5; + מִמִּלְחָמָה Joshua 11:23; Joshua 14:15, compare v Joshua 14:5; וּשְׁלֵוָה וְשׁ׳ I Chronicles 4:40; of earth Psalms 76:9 Zechariah 1:11 (ישֶׁבֶת ושׁ׳); absolute of city II Kings 11:20 = II Chronicles 23:21, kingdom II Chronicles 20:30, + לִפְנֵי person II Chronicles 14:4; of people, שׁ׳ וּבֹטֵחַ in peace and security Judges 18:7, Judges 18:27, הַשֹּׁקְטִים ישְׁבֵי לָבֶ֑טַח Ezekiel 38:11; + שַׁאֲנַן Jeremiah 30:10 = Jeremiah 46:27; of Moab, שַׁאֲנַן … וְשֹׁקִט אֶל־שְׁמָרָיו Jeremiah 48:11 undisturbed upon its less (figuratively of wine); of Job, quiet in death Job 3:13, be at rest (from apprehensions of evil) v Job 3:26 (+ שָׁלַוְתִּי, נָחְ֑תִּי).

be quiet, inactive: of י׳ + וְאַבִּיטָה Isaiah 18:4 I will be quiet and gaze, that is gaze as an inactive spectator, Psalms 83:2 (‖ דמה, חרשׁ be silent); = be pacified Ezekiel 16:42; of sword of י׳ Jeremiah 47:6, Jeremiah 47:7; of Boaz Ruth 3:18 he will not be quiet until he has finished the matter; of prophet Isaiah 62:1 (‖ חָשָׁה be silent).

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַשְׁקִיט Proverbs 15:18, יַשְׁקִט Job 34:29; imperative (ציווי) ms. הַשְׁקֵט Isaiah 7:4; infinitive (מקור) absolute חַשְׁקֵט Isaiah 32:17 +; construct הַשְׁקִיט Psalms 94:13, -קִט Job 37:17, -קֵט Isaiah 57:20; Jeremiah 49:23;—

shew quietness (inner causat.), of men Isaiah 7:4 (+ אַל־תִּירָא), of sea Isaiah 57:20 = Jeremiah 49:23, earth Job 37:17 (+ מִדָּרוֹם); hence infinitive (מקור) absolute = noun, quietness, display of quietness Isaiah 30:15, עֲבֹדַת הַצְּדָקָה הַשְׁקֵט וָבֶ֫טַח Isaiah 32:17 the product of righteousness is quietness and security (Duhm Cheyne^Haupt Marti del. הַצּ׳ as dittogr. from v a, read הַמִּשְׁפָּט for הַשְׁקֵט, and del. וָ: the product of justice is security); (presumptuous) security, שַׁלְוַת הַשְׁקֵט Ezekiel 16:49 (of Sodom).

cause quietness: subj. י׳ Job 34:29, לְהַשְׁקִיט לוֹ מִימֵי רָ֑ע Psalms 94:13; pacify, allay, obj. רִיב Proverbs 15:18.

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שָׁקַל

verb weigh (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Arabic ثَقُلَ be heavy, ثِقَلٌ heaviness, weight, ثَقَلٌ load, Old Aramaic תקל weigh, Aramaic תְּקַל, ܬܩܰܠ (weigh), pay, תִּקְלָא shekel, but also (Old Aramaic Zinj.) שקל, שקלן Lidzbarski³⁸²; ܫܩܰܠ lift up; Assyrian šaḳâlu, weigh, šiḳlu (appar.) = שֶׁקֶל; Ethiopic ሰቀለ: hang up, weigh; Phoenician משקל weight; compare Frä²⁰², also Gk. σίγλος (Septuagint σίκλος), Lagarde^{M ii.357} Lewy^Fremdw.118f.;—on connex. of meanings compare weigh trans. and intrans. = Germ. wägen, wiegen, also heave, heavy, heft (= weight, obs. or colloq.));—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ II Samuel 14:26; Isaiah 40:12; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁקֹל Exodus 22:16, with suffix יִשְׁקְלֵ֫נִי Job 31:6, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׁקוֹל Job 6:2; construct לִשְׁקוֹל Esther 4:7; participle (בינוני) active שֹׁקֵל Isaiah 33:18; II Samuel 18:12 read perhaps שָׁקֻל, see below;

weigh, human subj. Isaiah 33:18, direct object rei II Samuel 14:26; Isaiah 46:6 (ב of scale); figuratively, י׳ subj. Isaiah 40:12, also (direct object person) Job 31:6 (both c. ב of scale); compare infinitive (מקור) absolute sub Niph.; weigh precious metals intrusted to one, ל person Ezra 8:25, עַל־יָדָם v Ezra 8:26, direct object rei om. v Ezra 8:29 (לִפְנֵי of superior).

weigh out a price (that is pay): direct object of silver Exodus 22:16, I Kings 20:39 Zechariah 11:12 Jeremiah 32:10 (ב of scale), Isaiah 55:2 (c. ב, in exchange for); + ל person Jeremiah 32:9; Genesis 23:16; + עַל־כַּפַּי II Samuel 18:12 (read perhaps שָׁקֻל, so Wellhausen Kittel^Kau Budde Buhl), עַל־יְדֵי פ׳ Esther 3:9, עַל־גִּנְזֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ Esther 4:7.

be weighed:

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular נִשְׁקַל, subj. rei Ezra 8:33 (passive of Qal v Ezra 8:25); future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular figuratively (+ Qal infinitive (מקור) absolute), לוּ שָׁקוֹל יִשָּׁקֵל כַּעְשִׂי Job 6:2.

be weighed out, as price, Job 28:15.

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שֶׁ֫קֶל

noun (masc.) Leviticus 27:6 a weight, shekel (orig. = weight; late Hebrew = coin GACooke ^Inscr.356);—absolute שׁ׳ Amos 8:5 +, שָׁ֑קֶל Exodus 38:29 +; plural שְׁקָלִים Joshua 7:21 +; construct שִׁקְלֵי I Chronicles 21:25;—shekel, as standard weight Amos 8:5; of weight of bronze armour I Samuel 17:5, iron spear-head v I Samuel 17:7, + II Samuel 21:16 (see מִשְׁקָל), hair II Samuel 14:26, food Ezekiel 4:10; implying value, of wedge of gold Joshua 7:21; of nails in temple (gold) II Chronicles 3:9; usually a definite weight of silver (used in payment or valuation) Exodus 21:32, Joshua 7:21, I Samuel 9:8; II Samuel 24:24; II Kings 7:1^(×2), II Kings 7:16^(×2), II Kings 7:18^(×2); II Kings 15:20; Jeremiah 32:9; Ezekiel 45:12^(×2) (see infra), and (= coin, from time of Darius I) Nehemiah 5:15; Nehemiah 10:33; Leviticus 5:15; Leviticus 27:3, Leviticus 27:4, Leviticus 27:5^(×2) (all P), + 53 times P; also מַחֲצִית הַשּׁ׳ Exodus 30:13^(×2), Exodus 30:15; Exodus 38:26 (= בֶּקַע), all half-shekel, atonement-money; compare שְׁלִישִׁית הַשּׁ׳ Nehemiah 10:33 one-third; also רֶבַע שׁ׳ I Samuel 9:8 one-fourth of shekel; שׁ׳ = I Samuel 9:20 גֵּרָה (ג׳ otherwise unknown) Ezekiel 45:12; Exodus 30:13; Leviticus 27:25; Numbers 3:47; Numbers 3:50 שׁ׳ = one maneh Ezekiel 45:12 (read וַחֲמִשִּׁים for וחמשׁה [and עֶשְׂרֵה for עֲשָׂרָה preceding], Septuagint (Alexandrinus) Boeckh Hitzig-Smend Co Toy Davidson Krae Berthol); שׁ׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Exodus 30:13, Exodus 30:24; Leviticus 5:15; Numbers 3:47, Numbers 3:50; Numbers 7:13 + 21 times P; land estimated in שׁ׳ of gold I Chronicles 21:25; שׂ׳ also often om. after num.—שׁ׳ was of two standards, one one-half the other; actual weights (and values) varied, but most persistent were: (1) gold, 252 2/3 gr. Troy (or 126 1/3), mod. equiv. c. £2 1 s., or $10; (2) silver, 224 1/2 gr. (nearly 1/2 oz.) = שׁ׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ (see supra), or 112 1/4, mod. equiv. c. 2 s. 9d., or 67 c.; שׁ׳ בְּאֶבֶן הַמֶּלֶךְ II Samuel 14:26 is doubtful; if late (Budde HPS Löhr Nowack) it probably ref. to a Bab. or Pers. scale (compare S-C^Pap באבני מלבא often); 60 (or 50) שׁ׳ = 1 mina, 60 minas = 1 talent (see מָנֶה, כִּכָּר). Vid. especially ARSKennedy^Hast. ^{DB weights and measures, and money}.

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שֶׁ֫קֶף

n. [m.] frame-work, casing of doors (compare Mishnaic Hebrew שְׁקוּף lintel, Aramaic שְׁקוֹף, שַׁקְפָא threshold);—שָׁ֑קֶף I Kings 7:5.

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שֶׁ֫קֶץ

noun (masc.) ^{Leviticus 7:21} detestation, detestable thing;—שׁ׳ of the ceremonially unclean Leviticus 7:21; creatures forbidden as food: water animals without fins or scales Leviticus 11:10, Leviticus 11:11, Leviticus 11:12, birds of prey, etc., v Leviticus 11:13, winged creeping things v Leviticus 11:20, Leviticus 11:23, creeping vermin v Leviticus 11:41, Leviticus 11:42 (all P), compare Isaiah 66:17 (+ בְּשַׂר הַחֲזִיר, הָעַכְבָּר); see Robertson Smith^{Sem. i. 275, 2nd ed. 293; K 309 f., 2nd ed. 311 f.}—Ezekiel 8:10 read probably שִׁקּוּצִים, see שִׁקּוּץ.

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שִׁקֵּץ

verb

denom. detest, make detestable;—past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שִׁקַּץ Psalms 22:25; future (עתיד) 2nd masculine plural תְּשַׁקְּצוּ Leviticus 11:13 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute שַׁקֵּץ Deuteronomy 7:26;—

detest, with a direct object rei Deuteronomy 7:26 (future (עתיד) + infinitive (מקור) absolute; ‖ תַּעֵב תְּתַעֲבֶנּוּ), Leviticus 11:11, Leviticus 11:13; ‖ בָּזָה Psalms 22:25.

make detestable, obj. נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם (= reflex.) Leviticus 11:43, Leviticus 20:25.

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שִׁקּוּץ

noun (masc.) ^{Daniel 11:31} detested thing;—absolute שִׁקּוּץ Daniel 11:31; Daniel 12:11, construct שִׁקֻּץ I Kings 11:5 +; plural שִׁקּוּצִים II Chronicles 15:8, שִׁקֻּצִים II Kings 23:24; construct שִׁקּוּצֵי Ezekiel 20:7, Ezekiel 20:8; with suffix שִׁקּוּצֵיהֶם Jeremiah 16:18 +, etc.—detested thing, epith. of Isr. Hosea 9:10 (si vera l.; not elsewhere bef. Dt); of filth Nahum 3:6; appar. of unclean food Zechariah 9:7 (as שֶׁקֶץ); of idols (often ‖ תּוֹעֵבָה, גִּלּוּל, etc.), Deuteronomy 29:16; II Kings 23:13, II Kings 23:24; Isaiah 66:3; Jeremiah 4:1; Jeremiah 7:30 = Jeremiah 32:34; Jeremiah 13:27; Jeremiah 16:18; Ezekiel 5:11; Ezekiel 7:20; Ezekiel 11:18, Ezekiel 11:21; Ezekiel 20:7, Ezekiel 20:8, Ezekiel 20:30; Ezekiel 37:23; of idolatrous practices Daniel 9:27, but read probably as Daniel 11:31 (so Septuagint Θ), and כַּנּוֹ for כנף (see Driver); שׁ׳ (םְ)שֹׁמֵם Daniel 11:31; Daniel 12:11 detested thing causing horror is the heathen altar erected in temple by Ant. Epiph., with (probably) a statue of Zeus Olympios = (Phoenician) בעלשמם lord of heaven; the prophet puts שִׁקּוּץ for בעל, and (םְ)שֹׁמֵם) for שָׁמַיִם; compare Nestle^{journal ZAW iv (1884), 248} Cheyne^{OP 105} Driver Dn.

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שֶׁ֫קֶר

noun (masc.) deception, disappointment, falsehood;—שׁ׳ Exodus 23:7 + 64 times; שָׁ֑קֶר Exodus 5:9 + 42 times; plural שְׁקָרִים Psalms 101:7 + 3 times; with suffix שִׁקְרֵיהֶם Jeremiah 23:32;—

deception,what deceives, disappoints, and betrays one: a molten image Jeremiah 10:14 = Jeremiah 51:17; gift Proverbs 25:14; grace of person Proverbs 31:30, etc.; אֹ֫רַח שׁ׳ Psalms 119:104, Psalms 119:128; דֶּ֫רֶךְ שׁ׳ v Psalms 119:29; בטח בשׁ׳ Jeremiah 13:25; נחל שׁ׳ Jeremiah 16:19, compare also Psalms 7:15; Psalms 33:17; Psalms 119:118; Isaiah 28:15; לַשֶּׁקֶר for disappointment, in vain I Samuel 25:21; Jeremiah 3:23.

deceit, fraud, wrong: (ל)שׁ׳ עשׂה do or practise fraud, wrong Hosea 7:1; Jeremiah 6:13; Jeremiah 8:9, Jeremiah 8:10; c. בְ, II Samuel 18:13; פְּעֻלַּת שׁ׳ Proverbs 11:18; לֶ֫חֶם שׁ׳ Proverbs 20:17 food got by fraud; זֶ֫רַע שׁ׳ Isaiah 57:4; עֵט שׁ׳ Jeremiah 8:8; ילד שׁ׳ Psalms 7:15 (‖ עמל); דרךְ לשׁון קשׁת שׁ׳ Jeremiah 9:2; בְּשׁ׳ Jeremiah 3:10 (‖ בגד), adverb שׁקר fraudulently, wrongfully Psalms 35:19; Psalms 38:20; Psalms 69:5; Psalms 119:78, Psalms 119:86.

injurious falsehood, in testimony, especially in courts: עֵד שֶׁקֶר Exodus 20:13 Deuteronomy 19:18 Psalms 27:12 Proverbs 6:19; Proverbs 14:5; Proverbs 25:18; עֵד שׁקרים Proverbs 12:17; Proverbs 19:5, Proverbs 19:9; ענה שׁ׳ Deuteronomy 19:18 testify falsehood; שְׁבֻעַת שׁ׳ Zechariah 8:17 false oath; נשׁבע לשׁ׳ swear falsely Jeremiah 5:2 + 5 times; נשׁבע על שׁ׳ Leviticus 5:22; דבּר שׁ׳ Micah 6:12 + (see [דָּבַר], דָּבָר); אִמְרֵי שׁ׳ Isaiah 32:7; שׁ׳ שׂפת(י) Psalms 31:19; Psalms 120:2; Proverbs 10:18; Proverbs 17:7; טפל שׁ׳ Job 13:4 Psalms 119:69, compare v Psalms 119:163; absolute false! II Kings 9:12 Jeremiah 37:14.

falsity, of false or self-deceived prophets: נבּא שׁ׳ prophesy falsely Jeremiah 14:14; Jeremiah 23:25, Jeremiah 23:26; Jeremiah 29:21; + ל person Jeremiah 27:10, Jeremiah 27:14, Jeremiah 27:16; נ׳ לַשּׁ׳ v Jeremiah 27:15; נ׳ בשׁ׳ Jeremiah 5:31; Jeremiah 20:6; Jeremiah 29:9; מוֹרֶה שׁ׳ Isaiah 9:14 Habakkuk 2:18; חזה שׁ׳ Zechariah 10:2; חֲזוֹן שׁ׳ Jeremiah 14:14, etc., (+ 12 times); רוּחַ שׁ׳ see p. 925 b.

lie, falsehood, in generally: דבר שּׁ׳ Psalms 101:7 (‖ רְמִיָּה); דְּבַר שׁ׳ Proverbs 13:5; of מִלִּים Job 36:4; לְשׁוֹן שׁ׳ false tongue Proverbs 6:17; Proverbs 12:19; Proverbs 21:6; Proverbs 26:28; Psalms 109:2; of lips Proverbs 12:22; אִישׁ שׁ׳ Proverbs 17:4 liar.

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שֹׁר

see שׁרר.

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שָׁרָב

noun (masc.)

burning heat;

parched ground;—only absolute: וְלֹא יַכֵּם שׁ׳ וָשָׁ֑מֶשׁ Isaiah 49:10; of ground, הַשּׁ׳ Isaiah 35:7 (‖ צִמָּאוֹן).

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שֵׁרֵֽבְיָה

n.pr.m. a Levite with Ezra (? י׳ hath sent burning heat; or cp. Syriac ܫܪܒ Pa. propagavit);—Σαραβια(ς): Ezra 8:18, Ezra 8:24; Nehemiah 8:7; Nehemiah 9:4, Nehemiah 9:5; Nehemiah 10:13; Nehemiah 12:8, Nehemiah 12:24.

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שַׁרְבִֿיט²

see שׁבט.

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שָׁרָה

verb let loose (Mishnaic Hebrew the same, dissolve; Assyrian šarû, Pi. open (building, for use), dedicate it; tašr̂tu, dedication; Old Aramaic שרה loose, so Aramaic שְׁרָא, ܫܪܳܐ; Ethiopic ሰረየ; remit, condone);—

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular with suffix יִשְׁרֵ֫הוּ Job 37:3 he (God) lets it loose (that is the thunder).

past (עבר) 1st singular with suffix שֵׁרִיתִ֫ךָ Jeremiah 15:11 Qr I will set thee free (compare Jeremiah 40:4 Targum Peshitta), but doubtful; Kt שרותך (that is שָׁרוֹתִךָ, √ שׁרר), Gesenius' Thesaurus Gie I vex thee [שַׁרַר = צָרַר, very doubtful]; Ewald al. RV strengthen thee; this yields best sense, but as Aramaic שׁרר is intrans., read then שֵׁרַרְתִּךָ or הֲשֵׁרוֹתִךָ, Driver; Jerome Rabb read שֵׁרִיתְךָ = שְׁאֵרִיתְךָ thy remnant (AV).

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שִׁרְיָה

noun (fem.) a weapon, perhaps lance, javelin;—שׁ׳ Job 41:18 (+ חֶרֶב, חֲנִית, מַסָּע),—yet Septuagint θώρακα, Vulgate thorax, that is שִׁרְיוֹן.

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שִׁרְיוֹן

n.[m.] body-armour;—absolute שִׁרְיוֹן I Samuel 17:5, I Samuel 17:38; שִׁרְיָ֑ן (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 29 u) I Kings 22:34 = II Chronicles 18:33, שִׁרְיָ֔ן Isaiah 59:17; plural שִׁרְיֹנִים Nehemiah 4:10, שִׁרְיֹנוֹת II Chronicles 26:14;—body-armour, perhaps more exactly breast-armour, Nehemiah 4:10; with appendages (הַדָּבָקִים) I Kings 22:34 = II Chronicles 18:33; c. verb לבשׁ I Samuel 17:5, made of scale-like plates (קַשְׂקַשִּׂים) of bronze v I Samuel 17:5, named with helmet here, so v I Samuel 17:38 II Chronicles 26:14 and (figuratively) Isaiah 59:17.—שׁ׳ n.pr. see שׂריון.

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שָׁרוֹן²

n.pr.location

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שִׁרְטַי

I Chronicles 27:29 Qr, see שִׁטְרַי.

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שִׁרְיָה²

see III. שׁרה.

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שִׁרְיוֹן²

see IV. שׁרה.

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שָׁרַץ

verb swarm, teem (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Aramaic ܫܪܰܨ crawl, ܫܶܪܨܳܐ = שֶׁרֶץ, so שִׁרְצָא (rare); Ethiopic ሠረጸ: germinate, sprout);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Psalms 105:30, שָֽׁרְצוּ Genesis 1:21, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁרֹץ Ezekiel 47:9, etc.; imperative (ציווי) mpl. שִׁרְצוּ Genesis 9:7; participle (בינוני) הַשֹּׁרֵץ Genesis 7:21 +, f. הַשֹּׁרֶ֫צֶת Leviticus 11:46; Hex mostly P:—

swarm, teem with (direct object animal), subj. water Genesis 1:20, Genesis 1:21, compare Exodus 7:28, land Psalms 105:30.

swarm, subj. animal Genesis 8:17 (+ פָּרָה, רָבָה), Ezekiel 47:9, הַשֹּׁרֵץ Genesis 7:21; Leviticus 11:29. Leviticus 11:41, Leviticus 11:42, Leviticus 11:46 (all עַל־הָאָרֶץ), v Leviticus 11:43; subj. men Genesis 9:7 (+ פָּרָה, רָבָה), Exodus 1:7 (the same, + עָצַם).

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שֶׁ֫רֶץ

noun (masc.) Genesis 7, Genesis 21 coll. swarmers, swarming things;—שׁ׳ absolute Leviticus 11:29 +, שָׁ֑רֶץ v Leviticus 11:31; construct v Leviticus 11:20 +;—swarming things (H D and P), aquatic Genesis 1:20 Leviticus 11:10; small reptiles and quadrupeds Genesis 7:21 (+ עוֹף, בְּהֵמָה, חַיָּה), Leviticus 5:2 (+ חַיָּה, בְּהֵמָה), Leviticus 11:29 (weasel, mouse, lizard), v Leviticus 11:31, Leviticus 11:41, Leviticus 11:42, Leviticus 11:43 (c. cogn. שָׁרַץ) v Leviticus 11:44, compare Leviticus 22:5; insects, שׁ׳ הָעוֹף Deuteronomy 14:19, + הַהֹלֵךְ עַל־אַרְבַּע Leviticus 11:20, Leviticus 11:21, compare v Leviticus 11:23. compare Driver^{DB i. 518}.

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שׁרר

(√ of [שָׁרִיר], שְׁרִירוּת, and perhaps of other words following; Old Aramaic שרר be firm, sound, Aramaic שְׁרַר be firm, hard, ܫܰܪ be firm, consistent, substantial, truthful, ܐܰܫܰܪ strengthen, confirm; Aramaic and Mishnaic Hebrew שָׁרִיר firm, hard; ܫܰܪܺܝܪܽܘܬܳܐ firmness, strength, constancy).

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שֹׁר²

n.[m.] navel-string (compare Aramaic שׁוּרָא Ezekiel 16:4 Targum, ܫܶܪܳܐ, Arabic سُرٌّ, all the same);—with suffix לֹא כָרַּת שָׁרֵּךְ Ezekiel 16:4 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 22 s Konig ^{ii. 1. 45}) thy navel-string was not cut; questioned are: שָׁרֶּ֑ךָ Proverbs 3:8 (De al. navel, synechd. for body, ‖ עַצְמוֹתֶיךָ; Septuagint τῷ σώματί σου, compare Peshitta, Clericus Bi Frankenberg בְּשָֽׂרְךָ, Ewald Hitzig Kmp al. שְׁאֵרְךָ, Toy either); שָׁרְרֵךְ Song of Songs 7:3 (Septuagint ὀμφαλός σου; ‖ בִּטְנֵךְ), = שָׁרֵּךְ Gesenius' Thesaurus al.; now often interpreted as = vulυa, compare Arabic سِرٌّ secret part, Hitzig Stickel Buhl Öttli, noticed also by Gesenius' Thesaurus, but Arabism doubtful, see Budde.

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שָׁרָר

n.pr.m. II Samuel 23:33 = ii. שָׂכָר, q.see

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שֹׁ֫רֶשׁ

noun (masc.) Deuteronomy 29:17 root;—שׁ׳ absolute Deuteronomy 29:17 +, construct Isaiah 11:10 +; with suffix שָׁרְשִׁי Job 29:19, etc.; plural construct שָׁרְשֵׁי Job 13:27 (see below) Job 36:30, with suffix שָֽׁרָשָׁיו Amos 2:9 +, שָֽׁרָשֶׁיהָ Ezekiel 17:7 +;—

root of people under figuratively of tree, involving firmness, permanence, Amos 2:9; Hosea 9:16; Hosea 14:6; Isaiah 14:30; II Kings 19:30 = Isaiah 37:31;—שָׁרְשָׁם Judges 5:14 is probably corrupt, see GFM;—so of person (compare Phoenician, Eshmunazar ¹¹ GACooke ^{pp. 30, 36}) Isaiah 5:24; Malachi 3:19; Job 8:17; Job 18:16; Job 29:19; Proverbs 12:3, Proverbs 12:12; = stock, family Isaiah 11:1, Isaiah 11:10; Daniel 11:7, compare (of serpent) Isaiah 14:29; = source or cause Deuteronomy 29:17, שׁ׳ דָּבָר Job 19:28.

lit root of tree or shrub Jeremiah 17:8 (sim.), Ezekiel 31:7 (metaphorically of people), Isaiah 53:2 (sim.), Job 14:8; Job 30:4; of vine (metaphorically of people) Ezekiel 17:6, Ezekiel 17:7, Ezekiel 17:9^(×2) Psalms 80:10 (direct object cogn. c. שׁרשׁ Hiph.).

root, figuratively = lowest stratum, of mt. Job 28:9, of sea Job 36:30 = bottom (text strange and doubtful: Duhm רָאשֵׁי הָרִים, with אֵדוֹ in v a); of feet, שָׁרְשֵׁי רַגְלַי Job 13:27, that is soles Ewald Dillmann De Davidson al. (elsewhere כַּף), Budde place of treading, footholds; Duhm (arbitrarily) שָׁרְשִׁי, del. רגלי.

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שָׁרַשׁ

verb denom.

= deal with the roots;—

root up, out: past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular with suffix consec. וְשֵׁרֶשְׁךָ Psalms 52:7 he shall root thee up from (מִן) the land of the living; of fire (burn) roots, root: future (עתיד) 3rd feminine singular תְּשָׁרֵשׁ בְּ Job 31:12 fire (figuratively) roots at all my increase. Pu. future (עתיד) 3rd masculine plural יְשֹׁרָשׁוּ Job 31:8 be rooted up (of produce).

Poʿēl take root, establish oneself firmly: past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שֹׁרֵשׁ בָּאָרֶץ גִּזְעָם Isaiah 40:24 (figuratively of princes, etc.). Poʿal the same: past (עבר) 3rd masculine plural שֹׁרָ֔שׁוּ Jeremiah 12:2 (figuratively of wicked).

the same: future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יַשְׁרֵשׁ Isaiah 27:6 (figuratively of Isr.); 3rd feminine singular וַתַּשְׁרֵשׁ Psalms 80:10 (the same; with a direct object cogn.); participle (בינוני) מַשְׁרִישׁ Job 5:3 (figuratively of person).

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שָׁרַת

verb Pi. minister, serve (compare Mishnaic Hebrew שֵׁרוּת (temple-) ministry, Phoenician משרת ministry, and perhaps verb שרת minister);—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שֵׁרֵת Numbers 8:26; Deuteronomy 18:7; 3rd masculine plural שֵׁרְתוּ Numbers 3:6; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular וַיְשָׁ֫רֶת Genesis 39:4, 3rd masculine plural יְשָֽׁרְתוּ Numbers 3:31 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) construct לְשָׁרֵת Exodus 28:35 +, לְשָׁ֫רֶת שָׁם Deuteronomy 17:12, etc.; participle (בינוני) מְשָׁרֵת Numbers 11:28 + (II Samuel 13:9 see מַשְׂרֵת, p. 602a), f. מְשָׁרַת I Kings 1:15; etc.;—serve:

of ministerial service (opposite menial, עבד):

higher domestic service: Joseph Genesis 39:4; Genesis 40:4, Elisha’s chief servant II Kings 4:43; II Kings 6:15, royal domestics II Samuel 13:17, II Samuel 13:18 I Kings 10:5; II Chronicles 9:4; Esther 2:2; Esther 6:3, Abishag I Kings 1:4, I Kings 1:15.

of royal officers (late) I Chronicles 27:1; I Chronicles 28:1; II Chronicles 17:19; II Chronicles 22:8; Esther 1:10; Proverbs 29:12.

Joshua as chief assistant to Moses Exodus 24:13; Exodus 13:11, Numbers 11:28, Joshua 1:1, Elisha to Elijah I Kings 19:21,

of angels to י׳ Psalms 103:21, compare Psalms 104:4.

of kings of nations in proph. Isaiah 60:10.

usually of special service in worship:

of Levit. priests, absolute I Kings 8:11 = II Chronicles 5:14; with a direct object י׳ Deuteronomy 10:8; Deuteronomy 17:12; Deuteronomy 21:5; Jeremiah 33:21 + (strangely) מְשָֽׁרְתֵי אֹתִי v Jeremiah 33:22; also Isaiah 60:7 of animals put figuratively for those sacrificing them; of foreigners admitted to priesthood Isaiah 61:6, compare Isaiah 56:6; so probably Samuel conceived as priest I Samuel 2:11; I Samuel 3:1, את פני י׳ I Samuel 2:18 (פני probably direct object, compare Septuagint τῷ προσώπῳ v I Samuel 3:11), שׁ׳ בְּשֵׁם י׳ Deuteronomy 18:5, Deuteronomy 18:7.

Levites (P, and late); with a direct object of Aaronic priests Numbers 3:6; Numbers 8:26; Numbers 18:2, with a direct object of י׳ I Chronicles 15:2; II Chronicles 29:11; probably also in ref. to Lev. singer Psalms 101:6; with a direct object tabern. Numbers 1:50, congregation Numbers 16:9, people Ezekiel 44:11 + v Ezekiel 44:12 (of idolatry); absolute I Chronicles 16:4; II Chronicles 23:6; II Chronicles 29:11; II Chronicles 31:2 Ezra 8:17 (pt. as noun, ministers); שׁ׳ לִפְנֵי אֲרוֹן בְּרִית י׳ I Chronicles 16:37, שׁ׳ נֶגֶד הַכֹּהֲנִים II Chronicles 8:14; שׁ׳ c. ב location I Chronicles 26:12; especially c. בְּ, of sacred vessels Numbers 3:31; Numbers 4:9, Numbers 4:12, Numbers 4:14; II Kings 25:14 = Jeremiah 52:18; בַּשִּׁיר I Chronicles 6:17.

Zadokite priests (Ez), absolute Ezekiel 42:14; Ezekiel 44:17, Ezekiel 44:19, Ezekiel 44:27, with a direct object י׳ Ezekiel 40:46; Ezekiel 43:19; Ezekiel 44:15, Ezekiel 44:16; Ezekiel 45:4, construct מְשָׁרֲתֵי before place Ezekiel 45:4, Ezekiel 45:5; Ezekiel 46:24.

Aaronic priests, absolute Exodus 28:35 + 4 times P; with a direct object י׳ I Chronicles 23:13; לי׳ II Chronicles 13:10; מְשָֽׁרְתֵי י׳ Joel 1:9, Joel 1:13; Joel 2:17, מְשָֽׁרְתֵי מזבח Joel 1:13, c. בַּקֹּדֶשׁ Exodus 28:43 + 4 times P.

of idolatry, with a direct object עץ ואבן Ezekiel 20:32.

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שָׁרֵת

noun (masc.) religious ministry;—כְּלֵי הַשּׁ׳ vessels of m. in tabern. Numbers 4:12, temple II Chronicles 24:14.

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שֵׁשׁ³

six, see שׁדשׁ.

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שֵׁשׁ⁴

see שַׁיִשׁ.

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שֵׁשׁ⁵

noun (masc.) Exodus 26:1 byssus (loan-wd. probably from Egyptian šen-suten Reinischap. DHM^{VOJ viii (1894), 7} Copt. šens, compare Copt. šent, weave; see MʿLean^{Ency. Bib. linen}; on spinning, weaving, and wearing of linen in Egypt Erman^{Aegypten 594 ff.; Eng. Trans. 448 f.});—always absolute שׁ׳ (שׁשׁי Ezekiel 16:13 is error):—byssus, fine Egyptian linen (בּוּץ, q.see, is later synon.), that is the linen thread (spun by women Exodus 35:25), and the material woven from it: used for garments Genesis 41:42, Ezekiel 16:10, Ezekiel 16:13 (שׁשׁי, read שׁשׁ), Proverbs 31:22; for sail (in figuratively of Tyre as ship) Ezekiel 27:7 (brought from Egypt); elsewhere P, of priestly vestments Exodus 28:5, Exodus 28:39^(×2); Exodus 39:3, Exodus 39:27, Exodus 39:28^(×2); also שׁ׳ מָשְׁזָר twisted linen Exodus 28:6, Exodus 28:8, Exodus 28:15; Exodus 39:2, Exodus 39:5, Exodus 39:8, Exodus 39:28, Exodus 39:29 + v Exodus 39:24 (read וְשֵׁשׁ מ׳ Sam. Septuagint Bae); שׁ׳ of hangings, etc., in tabern. Exodus 25:4; Exodus 35:6, Exodus 35:23, Exodus 35:25, Exodus 35:35; Exodus 38:23, and so שׁ׳ מָשְׁזָר Exodus 26:1, Exodus 26:31, Exodus 26:36; Exodus 27:9, Exodus 27:16, Exodus 27:18; Exodus 36:8, Exodus 36:35, Exodus 36:37; Exodus 38:9, Exodus 38:16, Exodus 38:18.

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שָׁשַׁי

n.pr.m. Jew with foreign wife Ezra 10:40; Σεσ(ε)ει.

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שֵׁשַׁי

n.pr.m. a son of Anaḳ (Aramaic form, compare GFM Ju);—Numbers 13;Numbers 22; Joshua 15:14 (both JE), Judges 1:10; Σεσ(σ)ει, Σουσαι, Σουσει.

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שִׁשִּׁי²

see i. שֵׁשׁ sub שׁדשׁ.

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שֵׁשַׁךְ

n.pr. terr. = בָּבֶל (Jer Rabb. and mod.; by Atbaš (את׳בש׳) see improb.), late Bab. Šešku, name of Babylon (Delitzsch ^{Paradies 215});—Jeremiah 51:41 and hence (perhaps gloss) Jeremiah 25:26 (see Gie).

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שֵׁשָׁן

n.pr.m. in Judah I Chronicles 2:31^(×2) (with one son), v I Chronicles 2:34^(×2), I Chronicles 2:35 (no sons, but daughters, compare Benz Kittel); Σωσαν[μ], SeptuagintL Σισαν.

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שָׁשָׁק

(Baer Gi; van d. H. שָׁשַׁק, שָׁשָׁ֑ק) n.pr.m. in Benjamin, I Chronicles 8:14, I Chronicles 8:25; Σωκηλ, Σωιηκ, A Σωσηκ, SeptuagintL Σισαχ (according to Simon. (Gesenius' Thesaurus) = שַׁקְשַׁק one longed for (√ שׁקק)).

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שָׁת²

i. שֵׁת see שׁית.

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שֵׁת²

see שֵׁאת sub I. [שׁאה].

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שֵׁת³

see II. שׁתה.

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שָׁתָה

verb drink (Mishnaic Hebrew the same; Assyrian šatû, Ethiopic ሰትየ Old Aramaic שתה, Aramaic שְׁתָא, אִשְׁתִּי, [ܫܬܐ], ܐܶܫܬܻܝ]; Sab. שתי DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 403} Hom^{Chr 124});—

past (עבר) 3rd masculine singular שׁ׳ Exodus 34:28 +, 1st singular שָׁתִ֫יתִי I Samuel 15 +, etc.; future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשְׁתֶּה Genesis 44:5 +, וַיִּשְׁתֶּה I Kings 19:8, usually וַיֵּשְׁתְּ Genesis 9:21 +; juss. וְיֵשְׁתְּ I Kings 13:18; 3rd feminine singular וַתֵּשְׁתְּ Numbers 20:11; 2nd masculine singular apoc. תֵּשְׁתְּ Judges 13:14 +, וַתֵּשְׁתְּ I Kings 13:22; 1st singular וָאֵשְׁתְּ Genesis 24:46; 3rd masculine plural יִשְׁתָּי֑וּן Psalms 78:44, etc.; imperative (ציווי) ms. שְׁתֵה Genesis 24:14 +, etc.; infinitive (מקור) absolute שָׁתֹה Isaiah 21:5; Jeremiah 49:12 (in I Samuel 1:9 after preposition, anom., Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 113 e, om. Septuagint Th Wellhausen Driver and mod.), שָׁתוֹ Jeremiah 25:28 +, שָׁתוֹת Isaiah 22:13 (Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (ed. Kautzsch) § 75 n); construct שְׁתוֹ †Proverbs 31:4, שְׁתוֹת Jeremiah 35:8, Jeremiah 35:14, לִשְׁתֹּת Genesis 24:19 +, with suffix שְׁתוֹתוֹ I Kings 13:33, לִשְׁתּוֹתָהּ Isaiah 51:22 etc.; participle (בינוני) active שֹׁתֶה Isaiah 29:8 +, f. שֹׁתָה Job 6:4, etc.;—

of man: drink, water, wine, etc., Exodus 34:28, compare Exodus 15:24, I Samuel 30:12 Amos 2:8; Amos 4:8; Amos 5:11; Isaiah 5:22; Isaiah 62:8, Isaiah 62:9; Proverbs 31:4, Judges 13:4, Judges 13:7, Judges 13:14 + often (2 times JE; 6 times D); by measure (short allowance) Ezekiel 4:11, Ezekiel 4:16; milk †Ezekiel 25:4, compare Song of Songs 5:1; blood I Chronicles 11:19 (figuratively of water gained by hazard); figuratively חֲמָתָם שֹׁתָה רוּחִי Job 6:4 whose venom [of arrows of י׳] my spirit drinks up; direct object + מִן of source †Exodus 7:18, v Exodus 7:21, Exodus 15:23, Proverbs 5:15 (figuratively); direct object (of wine, water, etc.) om. Genesis 24:14^(×2); Genesis 27:25; Genesis 43:34 (all J) + 11 times J, Exodus 7:24; Exodus 17:6, Numbers 20:5, v Numbers 20:11; Numbers 33:14, Judges 15:19 + often; direct object שׁין †II Kings 18:27 = Isaiah 36:12; מַמְתַקִּים Nehemiah 8:10; absolute Ecclesiastes 2:24 +; + מִן of source I Kings 17:4, I Kings 17:6 Psalms 110:7, מִכֹּסוֹ II Samuel 12:3; שׁ׳ בְּמִזְרְקֵי יַיִן † Amos 6:6, compare Genesis 44:5; שׁ׳ בְּיַיִן †Proverbs 9:5; c. מִן partit. Genesis 9:21; Exodus 7:24; Ruth 2:9, also (figuratively) Jeremiah 51:7 (and Job 21:20 infra).

pt. as noun שֹׁתֵי מַיִם Ezekiel 31:14, Ezekiel 31:16, שֹׁתֵי יַיִן Joel 1:5; שׁוֹתֵי שֵׁכָר Psalms 69:13.

drink wine in sacrificial feast Deuteronomy 32:38 (poem); blood of sacrificial victim Psalms 50:13 (figuratively of י׳).

subj. animals Numbers 20:19; Jonah 3:7 (both + men), also (figuratively) Ezekiel 34:18, Ezekiel 34:19; direct object (water) om. Genesis 24:19, Genesis 24:22; Genesis 30:38^(×2).

figuratively of drinking cup of י׳’s wrath, שׁ׳ אֶת־כּוֹס חֲמָתוֹ Isaiah 51:17 (+ מִיַּד י׳), compare v Isaiah 51:17, v Isaiah 51:22, see also Ezekiel 23:32, Ezekiel 23:34 and (direct object om.) Jeremiah 25:16, Jeremiah 25:26, Jeremiah 25:27 + 8 times Je, Habakkuk 2:16; absolute Obadiah 1:16^(×3); direct object שְׁמָרִים Psalms 75:9; שׁ׳ מֵחֲמַת שַׁדַּי Job 21:20.

drink blood, figuratively of slaughter, Numbers 23:24 (JE; of lion, metaphorically of Isr.), Zechariah 9:15 (read דָּמָם for הָמוּ Septuagint ^Codd. Stade Nowack Marti); so (blood of י׳’s sacrifice) Ezekiel 39:17, Ezekiel 39:18, Ezekiel 39:19.

figuratively of wicked deeds: יֵין חֲמָסִים יִשְׁתּוּ Proverbs 4:17 (‖ לָֽחֲמוּ לֶחֶם רֶשַׁע; these are their food and drink), compare Job 15:16; Job 34:7, but Proverbs 26:6 appar. = suffers violence (compare De Toy).

late, = feast Esther 3:15; Esther 7:1 (compare מִשְׁתֶּה).

future (עתיד) 3rd masculine singular יִשָּׁתֶה Leviticus 11:34 all which is (may be) drunk, c. ב of vessel.—נִשְׁתָּ֑וָה Proverbs 27:15 see I. שׁוה ad fin. For cause, give, to drink see שׁקה.

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שָׁתַם

verb doubtful; if text correct, open (Mishnaic Hebrew Aramaic שׁתם open [vessel]);—only

participle (בינוני) passive construct הַגֶּבֶר שְׁתֻם הָעָ֑יִן Numbers 24:3, Numbers 24:15 (poems in JE) the man opened of [mental] eye, so Peshitta Ki Ewald al. RVm; Vulgate Röd Ke Dillmann al. render closed of [bodily] eye, reading then implicitly שְׂתֻם (compare סָתַם, שָׂתַם Lamentations 3:8); see further Gray.

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שֵׁתָר

n.pr.m. a prince of Persia Esther 1:14; Σαρσαθαιος.

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BDB — ש (598)